6.11_Permanent Seeding

Practice Standards and Specifications
6.11
PS
Definition Controlling runoff and erosion on disturbed areas by establishing perennial
vegetative cover with seed.
Purpose To reduce erosion and decrease sediment yield from disturbed areas, to
permanently stabilize such areas in a manner that is economical, adapts to site
conditions, and allows selection of the most appropriate plant materials.
Conditions Where Fine -graded areas on which permanent, long-lived vegetative cover is the
Practice Applies
most practical or most effective method of stabilizing the soil. Permanent
seeding may also be used on rough -graded areas that will not be brought to
final grade for a year or more.
Areas to be stabilized with permanent vegetation must be seeded or planted
within 15 working days or 90 calendar days after final grade is reached, unless
temporary stabilization is applied.
Introduction During the initial phase of all land disturbing projects, the protective layer, either
natural or man-made, is removed from the earth's surface. As the protective
layer is removed, the resulting bare areas are exposed to the natural forces
of rainfall, freezing, thawing, and wind. The result is soil erosion that leads
to sediment pollution of North Carolina streams, rivers, lakes, and estuaries.
This design manual presents many alternative strategies for preventing erosion
and reducing sediment loss during the construction process. Establishment
of protective vegetative cover during the construction project, however, is
the crucial step in achieving soil stabilization, controlling soil erosion, and
preventing sedimentation ofwaterways. Without a sufficient amount of root mat
and leaf cover to protect and hold the soil in place, large volumes of soil will be
lost and waterways will be degraded long after prof ects are considered complete.
Sections of this practice standard address many of these various situations
and set forth selection criteria for the appropriate cover based on purpose and
adaptability. Some sediment and erosion control practices recommended in
earlier editions of the manual may no longer be applicable. For example, many
popular and commonly used seed and plant varieties have been identified as
invasive. Invasive plants are defined as species that aggressively compete
with, and displace, locally adapted native plant communities. In select cases
where no practical alternative is available, these plants may be considered on
a limited basis for soil stabilization, understanding that the goal is to eliminate
the use of all invasive plants in favor of non-invasive native and/or introduced
species that will provide an equally acceptable vegetative cover. Where there is
no alternative to the use of invasive species, measures need to be incorporated
in the installation and maintenance of these plants to limit their impacts.
Rev. 5/08 6.11.1

0
It is imperative that disturbed soils be totallyprotected from erosion and sediment
loss during construction and before a project is considered complete and
acceptable. Installing appropriate vegetation in an immediate and timely fashion
is the optimal means of achieving this stabilization. Vegetative specifications
for most exposed soil conditions across North Carolina are provided in this
section of the manual. It should be noted however, that no two sites in the State
are exactly alike; therefore the protective vegetative cover for individual sites
should be carefully selected. Each requires its own investigation, analysis,
design and vegetative prescription as set forth in this section of the manual.
This practice standard describes three stages of vegetative cover; immediate,
primary and long term. Effective and acceptable stabilization can be provided
only when the optimum combination of immediate, primary, and long term
vegetative practices are applied.
The vegetative measures presented in this chapter include application of seed,
sod and sprigs. Use of field and container grown plants are not addressed
in this manual. Planting of these types of vegetation is typically at spacing
and intervals that will not provide the required protective cover. However,
the design professional is encouraged to utilize these larger plants to
compliment the required protective cover, particularly where these types of
plants will provide seed for continued long term cover and wildlife habitat.
PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
SOILS
Test and analyze the type(s) and quality of the existing soils on a site, their pH
ranges, and their nutrient levels. Taking soil samples from the different areas
of the project site and having them tested at a state or independent lab will
provide a baseline for determining the pH modifiers and additional nutrients
required for the selected plant varieties.
Disturbed conditions on a site may produce a variety of soil communities.
Nutrient and pH levels in deeply cut soils will be quite different from those
soils found on the original surface. When sites are highly disturbed through
mechanical means such as grading, the soils become mixed together in many
different ratios. These areas should be identified and tested.
Results from soil tests will usually include recommended application rates of
soil modifiers such as lime and fertilizer for the selected plant species in the
particular soils. Application rates will be itemized in the report.
The texture of the soil on a site, which is the proportion of sand, silt, and clay
in the soil, is an important physical indicator of the site's ability to support
vegetation. In heavy clay soils amendments may be necessary to provide an
adequately drained planting medium. Conversely, in extremely sandy soils,
amendments may be required to provide for moisture and nutrient retention.
6.11.2 Rev. 5/08

Practice Standards and Specifications
Soil tests will indicate the texture of the given soil but will not
provide recommendations for amendments that will improve the soil
texture. Generally, the addition of organic materials will improve the
porosity of heavy clay soils and improve the water holding capacity of
extremely sandy soils. On sites where these different soil conditions
exist, it is recommended that a design professional with experience in
soil modification be employed to recommend the proper amendments.
For more information visit the NCDA Agronomic Services Soil Testing web
page http://www.agr.state.nc.us/agronomic/sthome.htm
SOIL PREPARATION
Proper soil preparation is necessary for successful seed germination and root
establishment. It is also necessary for establishment of rooted sprigs, sod and
woody plants. Heavily compacted soils prevent air, nutrients and moisture
from reaching roots thereby retarding or preventing plant growth. The success
of site stabilization and reduction of future maintenance are dependent on an
adequately prepared soil bed. Following are the requirements for preparation
of areas to be vegetated by grassing, sprigging, sodding, and/or planting of
woody plants:
General Requirements:
• Preparation for primary/permanent stabilization shall not begin until all
construction and utility work within the preparation area is complete.
However, it may be necessary to prepare for nurse crops prior to
completion of construction and installation of utilities.
• A North Carolina Department of Agriculture Soils Test (or equal) shall
be obtained for all areas to be seeded, sprigged, sodded or planted.
Recommended fertilizer and pH adjusting products shall be incorporated
into the prepared areas and backfill material per the test.
All areas to be seeded or planted shall be tilled or ripped to a depth specified
on the approved plans, construction sequence and/or construction bid
list. Ripping consists of creating fissures in a criss-cross pattern over
the entire surface area, utilizing an implement that will not glaze the side
walls of the fissures. Site preparation that does not comply with these
documents shall not be acceptable. The depth of soil preparation may
be established as a range based on the approval of the reviewing state or
local agency. Once tilled or ripped according to the approved plan, all
areas are to be returned to the approved final grade. pH modifiers and/or
other soil amendments specified in the soil tests can be added during the
soil preparation procedure or as described below.
• All stones larger than three (3) inches on any side, sticks, roots, and other
extraneous materials that surface during the bed preparation shall be
removed.
Rev. 5/08 6.11.3

0
Areas to be Seeded:
• Till or disc the prepared areas to be seeded to a minimum depth of four
(4) inches. Remove stones larger than three (3) inches on any side, sticks,
roots and other extraneous materials that surface. If not incorporated
during the soil preparation process, add pH modifier and fertilizers at the
rate specified in the soil test report.
• Re -compact the area utilizing a cultipacker roller. The finished grade shall
be a smooth even soil surface with a loose, uniformly fine texture. All
ridges and depressions shall be removed and filled to provide the approved
surface drainage. Seeding of graded areas is to be done immediately after
finished grades are obtained and seedbed preparation is completed.
Areas to be Sprigged, Sodded, and/or Planted:
• At the time of planting till or disc the prepared areas to a depth of four (4)
to six (6) inches below the approved finished grade. Remove all stones
larger than three (3) inches on any side, sticks, roots and other extraneous
materials that surface. If not incorporated in the ripping process, add pH
modifier, fertilizer, and other recommended soil amendments.
• Re -compact the area utilizing a cultipacker roller and prepare final grades
as described above. Install sprigs, sod and plants as directed immediately
after fine grading is complete. Mulch, mat and/or tack as specified.
VEGETATION
Availability of seed and plant materials is an important consideration of
any construction stabilization effort. Throughout North Carolina, climate,
economics, construction schedule delays and accelerations, and other factors
present difficult challenges in specifying the different vegetation needed for
site stabilization. To help resolve this issue, vegetative stabilization requires
consideration in three categories:
■ Immediate Stabilization —nurse crop varieties (Note: temporary mulching
may be utilized for immediate stabilization if outlined on the approved
plans and construction sequence.)
■ Primary Stabilization — plant varieties providing cover up to 3 years with
a specified maintenance program
■ Long Term Stabilization — plant varieties providing protective cover with
maintenance levels selected by the owner
An adequate job in one of these areas does not guarantee success in the later
phases. Horticultural maintenance must be included in the plans.
Immediate vegetative cover will always require additional fertilization, soil
amendments, soil tests, overseeding and/or other horticultural maintenance
until primary vegetative cover is established.
6.11.4 Rev. 5/08

Practice Standards and Specifications
Where provisions are made for regular maintenance, primary vegetative
cover may be the end result. An example of primary vegetative cover being
acceptable as an end use would be lawns in residential and commercial
developments that are established, monitored and complimented with regular
and approved horticultural maintenance practices. (See Example 6.1 La.)
In projects where continual maintenance will not be provided or scheduled
following the primary stabilization of a project, long-term stabilization will
be necessary. Maintenance of initial and long-term stabilization can cease
only after the long-term cover has established and hardened to local climatic
conditions. Maintenance of long-term vegetation must be included in the
project construction sequence and on the approved plans. Examples of
areas suitable for long term vegetation include roadsides, reforestation areas,
restored flood plains, restored riparian areas, phased closing of landfills, and
mining reclamations.
Complete stabilization requires using at least two, and most times, all three
vegetative phases. The design professional must clearly communicate this point
in their specifications, construction sequence, and in direct communications
to owners and installers. The charts in tables 6.1 La through 6.1 Ld provide
information to assist the design professional in this task. The tables are not
inclusive and are presented only as alternatives. The professional is expected
and required to provide design and specifications that combine the information
in the manual with knowledge of the particular sites and their constraints.
pH AND NUTRIENT AMENDMENTS
Determining the nutrients that enable seed and container plants to grow,
flourish, and become established after planting are critical elements of the
design and stabilization process. The soils tests previously described will
provide a recipe for amendments based on particular plants and particular
soils. The test results will recommend the amounts of base elements (nitrogen,
phosphorous, potassium), pH modifiers and other trace elements that should to
be added to the soil for selected species of seeds and plants.
The acidibase characteristic of the soil is a primary component of soil fertility.
If the soil acidity is not in the proper range, other nutrients will be ineffective,
resulting in less productive plant growth. Most plants grow best in a pH range
of 6.5 — 7.0 (slightly acidic to neutral). The soil tests will recommend the
specific amendments and application rates required to achieve this range.
These amendments must be incorporated into the soil (not applied on the
surface) to be effective. (See the General Requirements for soil preparation
specifications and timing for incorporation of soil amendments.)
The base elements are easily found in bulk quantities. Lime can also be
obtained in large quantities. They all must be thoroughly incorporated into
the soil through appropriate mechanical means. Ground surface applications
without proper soil mixing will result in poor results.
In addition to the base fertilizers, other trace elements are needed to produce
healthy and vigorous growth. These include but may not be limited to sulfur,
manganese, zinc, boron, chlorine and molybdenum. If not already included
with bulk mixes of the base elements, they can be obtained from commercial
suppliers.
Rev. 5/08 6.11.5

0
Provisions for soils test during and/or after initial grading is complete shall
be included on the approved plan, in the approved construction sequence, and
on the bid item list utilized for the project. If you did not obtain a soil test:
Follow these recommendations for all grasses except centipedegrass.
1. Apply 75 pounds of ground limestone per 1,000 sq. ft.
2. Apply a starter type fertilizer (one that is high in phosphorus) based on the
type of grass and planting method. Fertilizer bags have a three -number system
indicating the primary nutrients, such as 8-8-8 or 5-10-10. These numbers
denote the N-P-K ratio —the percentage of each nutrient in a fertilizer. The
percentages are always noted in the following order:
N Nitrogen for green color and growth.
P 2 0 5 Phosphorus for good establishment and rooting.
K20 Potassium to enhance pest and environmental stress tolerance.
Some common examples of starter type fertilizers required for a 1,000 sq.
ft. area include 40 pounds of 5-10-10, 20 pounds of 10-20-20, or 16 pounds
of 18-24-6. For sandy soils, typical to coastal plain and sandhills of North
Carolina, fertilizer rates should be increased by 20 percent.
Where available, it is recommended that the design professional specify
organic compounds that meet the fertilization requirements, pH and other
element requirements. Initial studies have indicated that these compounds
have a more positive effect on the environment than some of the synthetic
compounds used to manufacture inorganic fertilizers. These materials are
readily available in the commercial trade as well as found in recycled yard
waste debris, sewerage sludge, lime -stabilized sludge and animal manures.
Materials proposed for use must be industry certified and/or privately tested
and certified to be acceptable for proposed areas of use and application prior
to approval.
MULCHES AND TACKING AGENTS
Mulches and tacking agents may be required or necessary to protect a seedbed's
disturbed surface until the seed can germinate and provide the required
protection from erosion. Selection of the materials used in this application
should be based on their ability to hold moisture in the soil, as well as protect
exposed soil from rainfall, storm water runoff, and wind. The availability of
the selected material and the means to apply it are critical factors to consider
when planning for the stabilization of any disturbed area. The mulch must
cover a minimum of eighty (80) percent of the soil surface and must be secured
by a tacking agent, crimping, or protective biodegradable netting. Netting that
incorporates plastic mesh and/or plastic twine should not be used in wetlands,
riparian buffers or floodplains due to the potential of small animal mortality.
See Section 6.14 for detailed specifications and product applications.
SOIL BLANKETS
Soil blankets can be an acceptable and effective method of temporary sediment
and erosion control in lieu of nurse crops. See Section 6.17 of the manual for
descriptions of this product and how it can be used in conjunction with this
section. In absence of mulches and tracking agents other means of protection
may be necessary and required.
6.11.6 Rev. 5/08

Practice Standards and Specifications
PROTECTIVE MATTING
Protective matting consists of an impervious cover secured to the soil surface
in lieu of vegetative cover. It is used to protect and stabilize the surface where
the process of seeding or planting forms of vegetation may cause more erosion
and off -site sedimentation than application of the mat. It is also used where a
disturbed area is intended to lay fallow for a period of time before additional
construction or land disturbance takes place. If a pervious matting is selected,
a combination of vegetation and matting is required. Seeds can be applied
prior to installation of the matting only after proper seedbed preparation
has been provided. Also, live stakes, dormant sprigs, and other vegetation
forms can be inserted in the pervious matting once it has been installed. Pre -
seeded pervious matting may be used for quicker root establishment and
stabilization only if certified dating and germination guarantees are provided.
The reviewing agency must approve all pre -seeded matting on site prior to
installation. Matting that incorporates plastic mesh and/or plastic twine should
not be used in wetlands, riparian buffers or floodplains due to the potential
of small animal mortality. See Section 6.17 for detailed specifications and
recommended product applications.
STABILIZATION IN WETLANDS, RIPARIAN BUFFERS, AND
FLOODPLAINS
Land disturbing activity involving streams, wetlands or other waterbodies
may also require permitting by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers or the N.C.
Division of Water Quality. Approval of an erosion and sedimentation control
plan is conditioned upon the applicant's compliance with federal and State
water quality laws, regulations, and rules. Additionally, a draft plan should be
disapproved if implementation of the plan would result in a violation of rules
adopted by the Environmental Management Commission to protect riparian
buffers along surface waters. Care should be taken in selecting vegetative
stabilization of wetlands and riparian buffers to comply with permitting
requirements of other agencies, as well as provide adequate ground cover.
Planning Considerations for Land Disturbing Activities Within Wetland,
Riparian, and Floodplain Areas
Wetlands, riparian areas, floodplains, and/or terrestrial areas between streams
and uplands, serve to buffer surface water and provide habitat for aquatic and
terrestrial flora and fauna. When cleared and disturbed, these sensitive areas
are difficult to protect. Because of their proximity to water courses, relatively
high ground water tables, and flooding potential, detailed analysis and design
is necessary to determine the appropriate erosion control measures during
construction. Determining the appropriate and most expeditious means of
permanent vegetative stabilization in these areas requires equally detailed
analysis and design. The following considerations for erosion control and
stabilization should be taken into account during the design phase of the land
disturbing project where sensitive areas are involved:
• Obtain soil tests to determine the soil type, pH, texture and available
nutrients.
• Based on the soil tests provide a schedule of nutrients and other soil
amendments that will be required.
Rev. 5/08 6.11.7

0
Select a seeding mix of non-invasive species that will provide immediate
stabilization (a short-term environment that will support and compliment
permanent vegetative stabilization) and include a selective native
species mix that will eventually provide a permanent cover (a long-term
environment that, with minimal maintenance, will provide adequate root
and leaf cover).
Invasive species are to be avoided. If native species and introduced non-
invasive seed sources are not available, protective matting that will hold
and foster the development of native cover from adjacent seed sources
should be used. Continuous maintenance must be employed until the
selected species have matured and are no longer susceptible to competition
from invasive plants. If no alternative to the use of invasive seeds and
plants is available, invasives approved on the plans may be utilized only
with strict containment measures outlined in detail on the plans, in the
construction sequence and in the maintenance specifications.
A quickly germinating nurse crop ofnon-invasive, non-competitive annual
grass species can be used along with native seeding and/or matting. These
temporary systems should be planted at minimal density so that they do
not inhibit the growth and establishment of the permanent, native species.
(See the plant chart in Table 6.1 La for recommended native and nurse
crop species.)
• Seedbed preparation is key to successful establishment of seeds. Particular
care should be taken, however, when working in wetlands, riparian areas,
or floodplains due to their sensitive nature. Careful consideration should
be given to the types and placement of large equipment working in these
areas. This process must be outlined in detail on the plan's construction
sequence.
• Installation techniques vary and should be planned for accordingly.
• A maintenance plan must be established for optimal plant establishment,
submitted with the plans and included in the bid list for the project.
Like all construction sites, wetlands, riparian areas, and floodplains will vary
widely in physical makeup across North Carolina. Different conditions will
dictate specific treatment, design and plant selection within the Mountains,
Piedmont, and Coastal Plain regions. Soil tests, seedbed preparation,
mulching, matting, and maintenance will be critical for successful vegetative
establishment and long-term protection of these environmentally sensitive
areas. Unavoidable impacts to these areas during land disturbing activities
need to be addressed in detail on the plan sheets and construction sequence.
6.11.8 Rev. 5/08

Practice Standards and Specifications
Native Seed and Plant Selection for Stabilization of Wetlands, Riparian
Areas, and Floodplains
Upon the completion of the land disturbing activity, vegetative cover must
be established on all areas not stabilized by other means. If work in these
areas stops for more than 15 working days, temporary vegetative cover and/
or matting must be applied to all disturbed areas. The goal is to protect these
areas from erosion and to prevent sedimentation of adjacent streams, wetlands,
lakes, and other water bodies.
Planning considerations for wetlands, riparian areas and floodplains will
require additional research, detail and specifications. Native grasses are
usually required as a condition of a 401 Water Quality Certification or a trout
buffer variance.
Native vegetative species are plant species that naturally occur in the region in
which they evolved. These plants are adapted to local soil types and climatic
variations. Because most native species do not germinate and establish as
readily as some introduced species, it is necessary to provide a non-native
nurse crop or matting to stabilize the soil until the native crop can become
established as the dominant cover. Once established, the native plants will
produce an extensive root structure that, if properly maintained, will stabilize
soils and reduce erosive forces of rainfall and overland stormwater flow. Many
of these plants also possess characteristics that, when established, allow them
not only to survive, but also to thrive under local conditions.
Seeding a mixture of perennial native grasses, rushes, and sedges is a way
to establish permanent ground cover within wetlands, riparian areas and
floodplains. The use of propagated plants is another method of reestablishing
natives in these environments. Selecting a seed mixture and/or propagated
plants of different species with complimentary characteristics will provide
vegetation to fill select niches on sites with varying physical conditions.
The design professional should note that because most native species do not
germinate and establish as readily as some introduced species, it is necessary
to provide a non-native nurse crop or matting to stabilize the soil until the
native crop can become established as the dominant cover. For additional
information about acceptable nurse crop varieties, consult the planting list in
Appendix 8.02, local seed and plant suppliers, the North Carolina Cooperative
Extension Service or a qualified design professional to assure the proper
selection and plant mix.
Rev. 5/08 6.11.9

0
Permanent native seed species within the seed mixture should be selected
based on natural occurrence of each species in the project site area. Climate,
soils, topography, and aspect are major factors affecting the suitability of plants
for a particular site and these factors vary widely across North Carolina, with
the most significant contrasts occurring among the three major physiographic
regions of the state — Mountains, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain. Sub -regions
of the state should also be considered. For example, the Triassic Basin in the
Piedmont region may have characteristics that call for special soil treatment,
limited plant selection, and special maintenance. Even within the riparian
area, there may be need for different species depending on site conditions
(i.e., dry sandy alluvial floodplains with wet pockets). Therefore, thoughtful
planning is required when selecting species for individual sites in order to
maximize successful vegetation establishment.
Native seed and plant species are included on the plant list in Appendix 8.02
of this manual.
The design professional should note that regardless of the benefits and
advantages of native seeds and plants, there are potential issues if proper
planning, installation and maintenance do not occur. These may include:
• Potential for erosion or washout during the establishment stage;
• Seasonal limitation on suitable seeding dates and availability of seed and
plants;
• Adaptability of species at specific sites;
• Availability of water and appropriate temperatures during germination
and early growth; and
• Lack of maintenance to control invasive plants and undesirable
competition.
PLANTING
Seed — Prepare the seed bed as described above in soil preparation. Apply
seed at rates specified on the plans, and/or as recommended in Tables
6.11 a-c of this manual, with a cyclone seeder, prop type spreader, drill,
or hydroseeder on and/or into the prepared bed. Incorporate the seed
into the seed bed as specified. Provide finished grades as specified on
the approved plan and carefully culti-pack the seedbed as terrain allows.
If terrain does not allow for the use of a cultipacker, the approved plans
and construction sequence must provide an alternative method of lightly
compacting the soil. Mulch immediately.
• Sprigs and Sod — Install onto the prepared seed bed per the most current
guidance in Carolina Lawns, NCSU Extension BulletinAG-69, or Practice
6.12 Sodding.
6.11.10 Rev. 5/08

Practice Standards and Specifications
Woody plants (liners, container, B&B) — These materials are typically
used to complement an herbaceous protective cover. They eventually
are major components of long-term, permanent stabilization and should
be chosen and planned in conjunction with immediate and long-term
maintenance. The plants should be selected and specified by the design
professional for each individual project. See Practice 6.13 Trees, Shrubs,
Vines, and Ground Covers.
MAINTENANCE
The absence of or an incomplete landscape management specification and/
or complete maintenance schedule shall constitute grounds for disapproval of
the plans. Proper maintenance is critical for the continued stabilization once
vegetative cover is established. Although maintenance strategies for different
sites may be similar, no two construction sites in North Carolina have been
or will be able to be controlled or protected in identical ways. Variations in
climate, topography, soils, available moisture, size and many other conditions
will dictate the maintenance methodology to be used. A detailed schedule of
maintenance will be required on the plans. This schedule will illustrate how
the initial planting will be maintained to assure immediate, short term and
permanent protection. The schedule will address topics such as appropriate
irrigation of plants during the early establishment phase, drought conditions,
excessive rainfall, mulch replacement, supplemental seeding, supplemental
soils tests, application of nutrients and amendments, control of competitive
and invasive species, disease and insect control, and corrective maintenance,
measures to address failure of vegetation to become established. Contractual
responsibility for maintenance after initial establishment of vegetative cover
will be provided on the plans, in the construction sequence and on the bid list
for the prof ect. Maintenance bonds and/or warranty guarantee maybe required
of the responsible party, especially for areas in or adjacent to environmentally
sensitive sites such as wetlands, riparian buffers, floodplains, and waters of
the State. See Example 6.1la for a sample maintenance specification and a
minimum maintenance check list that shall be provided on all plans.
RECOMMENDED BID LIST
(These items should be itemized on documents utilized to obtain pricing for
planting pertaining to vegetative stabilization of land disturbing projects in
North Carolina.)
• Soil test prior to grading (price per each test).
• Soil test during grading operations (price per each test).
• Soil test at completion of grading and/or prior to seeding, sprigging,
sodding and application of fertilizer, lime, and other soil amendments
(price per each test).
• Ripping/subsoiling to a depth of six (6) inches. (Provide an alternate for
ripping to a depth greater than six (6) inches.) (price per acre)
• Tilling/discing ripped area to a depth of four (4) inches and re -compacting
with a cultipacker roller (include in seeding price).
Rev. 5/08 6.11.11

0
• Seeding (price per square foot).
• Mulching (price per square foot).
• Repair seeding (price per square foot).
• Repair mulching (price per square foot).
• Matting (price per square yard).
• Watering (price per thousand gallons).
• Mowing (price per square foot).
SEEDING RECOMMENDATIONS
The following tables list herbaceous plants recommended for use as nurse
crops for immediate stabilization and primary crops for initial and long-term
stabilization. Nurse crops are expected to develop in two to five weeks and,
with adequate maintenance, be an effective method of soil stabilization for
a period of six months to one year. Nurse crops are not effective as primary
long-term cover, however if properly maintained they can be an adequate
cover and protection for the development of primary crops.
The goal for a primary crop is for it to develop over a three-week to one-year
period and be effective up to three years with a well-defined maintenance
program. The long-term goal for a primary crop is the initial step toward
a sustainable protective cover without the need of maintenance. Where the
primary crop is intended for a managed lawn and landscape aesthetics, the
effective period can be extended by a more intense maintenance program.
Where native species are utilized and become established during the planned
maintenance program, a permanent cover that will support future succession
species should exist and require little or no additional maintenance or
management.
In uses of both nurse and primary crops, the development periods listed on the
tables are optimal based on normal climatic conditions for the planting dates
listed. The sediment and erosion control maintenance program must recognize
that optimum temperatures and rainfall are the exception rather than the rule.
The design professional needs to provide flexibility in the stabilization plan
to address the potential ranges of temperature and moisture conditions we
experience in North Carolina.
6.11.12 Rev. 5/08

Practice Standards and Specifications
Information is provided for seeding rates, optimum planting dates in the state's
three regions, sun and shade tolerance, invasive characteristics, compatibility
in wetlands and riparian buffers, and installation maintenance considerations.
By going through the lists the design professional can select the nurse and
primary seed varieties and maintenance characteristics they feel are best suited
for their site conditions, vegetation management expertise and maintenance
capabilities.
To use the information in the seeding charts the plan preparer must:
• Determine what nurse crop best fits their site, soil conditions, and
permanent seed mix.
• Obtain soil tests for all areas to be seeded.
• Know the site's region: mountains, piedmont, or coastal plain.
• Know if the areas to be seeded are sunny, part shade, or full shade.
• Know if the areas are well or poorly drained.
• Know if wetlands or riparian buffers are included in the areas to be
seeded.
• Know if a chosen crop is invasive and if so, what potential impacts it will
have on the site and adjacent properties.
With this knowledge the plan preparation may proceed utilizing the charts
provided to provide the several seed mixes that will be applicable to the
different areas requiring stabilization.
Rev. 5/08 6.11.13

0
r
m
N
N
N
N 0
C
ID
J
N
J
N
J
N
N O
oC
d
pE
U
m
R
O "O
C N
m O
R C
"O
N
m O
R C
'O
N
U
p
E
O
is
O
C
W J
Co
C m
J
C m
a O
d
m
N
I`6
W
m
C
C
O
m
E
m
N
m
N
m
N
_T
m
L
l0
N
E
C O
C
O
d C
0
u
O
U
m
d
N
c
c@;
J
3 c
3
Z s
c
'a
3
Z G
c
8
m e
m
m
U
m
m
U°
U°
U°
O
O
't/)
N C
ry ,L.
C
�
?
�
..L.. �
N
9 E
C
N
•O E
C
N
9 E
C
b
m
C
N C
C N
C
N
O
N
O
m
m
N
N°
o C
O
d
C O
a
9 C
N
s g
V C
m
m
G
9 C
N
!E
m '-
>
m
'- >
O C
Um
E>
a
C C
m o
E
j C
._ m
C
o
J m>
L-
E
J m>
--
E
J m>
L-
E
J
O
o E
a N
y
d
N
N
j E
s
m
a>
j
E
$ o.
m
>
O O
U`
C
a
O O
U c
C
3
O
U`
C
3
c r
U L
m L
c
r m
L
p
U
p
> 2co
° m
a
y
Z
Z
Z
Z
N
}
Z
Z
L -p
N �
o E
N
N
N
N
N
O
}
}
}
O
Z
O
Z
O
Z
N
CO
'No
a a
J
N
vi
O}
m
N
d
}
N
}
N
}
O
Z
O
Z
O
Z
°
i
T d
c
U
E
�
d
w
m c
C N
O L
L
LE2
C N
J
!n
J
(/J
J
(/J
J
N
J
qJ
J
(n
J
fn
N O
°
co
C
E
V
V
GO
OD
N
N
0
B a
in
u�
u�
u�
u�
U) a
_
E
iO
v
u�
m
eo
rn
rn
y a
y
a
a
.a
d •N
@
v�
u�
u�
Z
o. > J
E
E
a
ro
n
Z
y
D_
O
C U N
N
M
M
M
M
E
v
v
rn
rn
rn
rn
E v
E c
E >.
O y
.-
u7
ip
Z
ip
�n
_ta
w m U c
m
O
O
m O
� c U
i
r E d
N
N
-
N
-
N
-
N
N
N
N U d
O
LL-
m
m
T>
m
m
m
m
>p
m
a C
N Q N C
N
-a t0
d
N O m O
O
qq a
m
?[ m U N
O N
N
r c Z N
L >
o T E
E
o
d d
c
° o E a
N
•_
E€
!n
a
o
m� v m
y
Y
m
J N E
Z Q LU
E
U
m U
J N W
U
N
j
O
U
N
N
N E 0. O
a N
A.
mc
co
o
mm
o°
6iw yy
o-
c
E
E
'Cm cEO
UCl)
W
h
Zrnp
Zco
U) Cl)
N
Q 3 W
r v ui
m N U)
m
E
a
N
O
m
m
N
m
W
Z
m
L
U
p
m
v Z
C
N
N
cl
N
E
N
°
m
a)C
U
ami
m
E
3
-mp
0
m
Y
Y
6.11.14 Rev. 5/08

Practice Standards and Specifications
E
O
A w
O
i m
Q N
L N
d
>
O U
v
C�
CC 10
C W
O ,E
u C
i O
= O
� N
m
Cn
fn N
z W
J E U
0 as
fn y fn
> > W
W ° �
U w Q
m N z
W J O
z
z
@
N
m
E
E
0
c
E
ID
N
a
o
s
n m
o
rn
U
L OC1
Im
L E
N
N
0
U -0
01
CO
L -O
N
t0
N
O
N
N
0
W
O i�
N
r
o.
0
y
C
J
fN/1 C
N m
C f0
m
O
0
0
_
l0 0
N
N C
L
L
Ol m
N C
N
C
0
J
_O
O 0�
-00
N
N
l0 l0
�O
0
C
i0 C
C y
V
t
O
m>
'N
N
w
c a
N
CDE
a
`�
a
m m
N
a
E E
d E,
a)a
E
m>
v�5
m
a
oa
a
IL8S9a
c
o$>
w
w�mmi
C N
m •-
� +�
� J
� J
o
� J
w C
C
C t0
c L
O
N U
m U
O
l0
W U
f0 f0
m
N
y
(D C
E
N
O.
0.
E
�.
0
m
(D C
E
(0
a
0)
.n
N
C
tq f0
C
C
N
.L.+
N l0
C
C N
0 o
m
N
E
m L
E m
a
L
m
E�
a�i
m
o
C
.. ?:
y
E
C
'� ?:
m
E
E
E
�
m
C
�' °:
N
E
V
8
8
R
c� d
a
-a c
m m
c
"m
-a c
m m
c
"m
$
rn
-o c
m Co
c
m
N
O. �
L
m�
0
C L
N
N E
C
N E
C
i
N
N E
C
C
N j
m
O c
C
rn
'u)
y�
!0
p
8�
!0
p
8
O
O
.� !0
n
2
c m
m
E
m
w
m
z
y
:
m
> zl
`o
ay
ay
Z
ayi
m
Z
ay
C m
ii
C y
N
nJ
z
z
z
Z
00
WZ
WZ
z
z
Z
N
'O
@
it
W
Of
O
of
Z
Z
Z
Z
z
Z
z
N
cc
N
0
r
cJn
E
�n
M
M
d'
Cr
LO
rn
w
Z
z
a
c
m
a
..
c
n
E
y
Y
o
M
u�
@
a
m
2
m e
d'
E
z
W O
rn
Z
z
O
C1
Z
N
N�
CO
W
Qi
z
O C N
y
N
N
N
f/1
iq
-
r E a
N
N
N N
N
N
N
N
N -
LL
V
m
m
m p
f0
m
m
m
gd�au�
U)
�a
o
U
o
N
\ U
> J
0`
Z�
c
m
E
c
m
o
Z
•J
m'
o
o m
=
`U°
o
a
a°
0
00o'
a E
N
U�
O
w
C m
.J.
y
G
� �.
a1
i
�.y
ci
E
00
N
m
Z
N
y
V
0
C7
N
LL
N
N
N
p
(�
E
l0
>
m
l0
~
J
N
m
J
(�
IL
a
E
�
l
O
U
U
}
Y
}
}
Ca
2
m
Rev. 5/08 6.11.15

E
O
Q
u
R
C
N
C
A
E
O
O)
C
O
C
W
L �
r
O
Y
� d
Cd �
E
E
O
v c
L �
� a
O o
_ o
m v
d
O.
Cb
d
v
Z c
d
aa
O
O v
W =
V w
Q N
♦u V
W V
fA
0
a
O
O
o£
a
m
m
a
m
sU
s
s
N
>N
!/1
>N
U
L
N
L
.3
N
a?
L
N
aN>?
L
N
C .0
OO
OO
N
C
O
x
-O
N
N
C
O
NIO
N
C
x
N
N
C
O
-N
N
C
OO
@
O N
N<6
- C
O C
N j
N E
f0
N>
N E
N
N j
N E
(0
d j
N E
f0
d j
N E
O.O.
f0
N O
N E
l6
N O
-
N E
A
N
N -
0
t0 U
3a
N
y N
v
N
3a
N
N N@
v
3a
N
N N
'0
N
3a
N
N N
'0
N
3a
N
N N
v
N
3a
N
N N
v
N
3a
N
N N
v
N
3a
N
y N
'o
N
C N
p j
N
C N
j
N
C N
p j
N
N
j
N
N
Q j
N
C N
j
N
N
6>
=
O pL
L
C
N Q
N L
N 2
N L
C
O pL
N L
2
In L
2
In L
p, 2
L
Op, 2
lf1 L
C
N CCp
N CCp
NCp
O
'@
o
O
"�
N CCp
O
'�
d' 8
M L..
a
�' 8
M
'O
�' 8
M
'O
d' 8
M L..
'O
d' 8
M L.
'O
d' 8
M .L..
'O
pCp
d' U
M L..
'O
d' U
`o
m zol
Zo
zo
zo
z°
z°
z°
z°
z°
c >I
C`
G
C
O
C
O
O
N
ry
K
K
K
y
O
o
K
K
Z
Z
Z
}
Z
Z
z
z
v ..
N �
M ..
.-
0
oa
c
IL
�Z
'o
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
N_
N_
N
N_
N_
Z
•• A
N
-
o.N
-
-
N
-
N
-
N
-
N
-
N
o
N
LL
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
a w
a
a
a
a
a
m
m
N
v'
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
zl c
N
3
3
c
e
Z>
3
3
.>-.
3
o
a
m
h
S21h
c c
e E
E
m
a U
a al
a
a U
a Y
d¢
E
Z
C
O
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
2
10
2
2
2
2
N
N
N
�
m
U
Y
U
U
U
tLJ
U
C
(n
Al
6.11.16 Rev. 5/08

Practice Standards and Specifications
w
0
0
a
u
C
m
C
r
E
Cm
E
O
C
L �
W =
C >
0
M
v
C �
E
E
0.9
V C
L C0
� a
c c
_ o
'a H
m a
y c
m
a
m
a
Z c
g'
E
(Lo
U) i
0
W —
V w
Q N
m y
V
W
2 fA
o�
�C
0
O
c
N
E
c
C OEO
O
N
-Cu
O
O
C,O
O
O
.0
_
c
O
o
O
m
N
m
m
m
m
m
N
m
m
0
w
3:
m
aci c°
m—
N
N m
o
'
m
L y
.3 A?.3
L y
d
L y
AD.3
L y
L y
.3 A?.3
L y
AD.3
L 0
d
C 2
.�
C �O
Q
6
y c@
m 0
X C_
>
N!
.O c
y 0
X C_
m
>
i
.O c
y 0
X C_
y
>
6
O c
y 0
X C_
O
>
.5
O C
y 0
X 'C
m
>
_ M
.O c
y 0
X C_
m
>
N
.O c
y 0
X C_
m
>
6
.O c
y 0
a
M>
@
yO
N U
m
(0 N
rO
N "O
m
(0 6
yO
N m
f0 «
m
l0 r
m
M r
U
m
fa r
yO
N 'O
m
f0 .•
o c
0
i.1
d
3 3
L
m -m0
d
3
E m=
y
n
E a
3
E d
n' y
a
E -mo
3
E m—
�' y
E -mo
3
E m=
�' y
E -mo
3
E d=
a m
E -160
3
E m
9 y
E
3
E m
9 y
E -100
y
y X
c
N
c
N 0>
m
c
N>
m
m o>
mOm
m
c
L
N 0>
m m
-Om
c
L
N p>
m m
-O
L
m o>
m m
-O
D L
m o>
N m
C
0 y
C
.� C
O
O
L C
O
2 iO
L C
00.
O` N
L C
00.
O2
L C
0
p` M
L m
0
2
L C
0
2
L C
y
y
C 0
y
C 0
L 'O
d'
C O
U M
'm
r 'O
C O
U M
'�
Y 'O
D!
C O
0 M
'�
Y 'O
C O
0 M
'�
L 'O
C O
00 M
'�
r 'O
O
mZ.
c >I
Z
z
z
z
z
m f2
r0
jje
y
m
y
o!
o!
z
z
}
Z
Z
Z
Z
z
>�
N
{p
?
V)
C
U)
C
m
N
C
C
C
C
C
d
Q
U a
lz N
z
z
z
a
Z
z
c
d
E
_
_
Z
E
0
u>
O N N
r E L
LL
N
m
N
m
N
m
N
m
N
m
N
m
o
m
o
m
a w
F a�O1m
m
U
❑
❑
❑
W
w
N
� ry
'o
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
A
z
e
Ol
E
a
a
y
m
z i
tp9
y C
y
L
z
N
O
N
U
E
C
C
O
O
c
m
O
G
N
N
U
N
N
U
N
O
v�U
M
O
¢o
¢Y
¢W
CO
o
CO
y
E
m
c
y
y
m
E
E
E
d
d
E
m
/1
O
C
C
O
m
m
U
m
m
9
m
m
m
m
y
0
101
U
CO
U
m
_
to
I I
I I
I IJ
J
Rev. 5/08 6.11.17

w
0
3
u
0
0
C.
U
C
d
C
E
0
C
0
0
C L
0 3
N i N
T
M
lC
O
R ..
O
Q w
W
0 U
i N
N �
CE
C
0
d @
L Q.
O
N c
d c
N
Q
Ch
N
Z
J C
ao
fn N
O
W —
U
coMQ �
NN
ii
W
2 ci
0
oz
_O
@
@
@
L U
O
O
O
C
C
C
O
N
N
N
N
N
N
O
@
O
@
O
@
€
E
E
N
N
N
N
75
@
N
U
U
U
U
o fb
N
C
o
N
C
o
N
C
o N
N
C
o
N
C
o
N
C
o
N
C
o
N
C
C O
X
C—
N
@
N E°
o
N E°
@ ,_
N E°
o ,_
N E°
@
N E°
@
N E°
o ,_
N E°
o ,_
N E
l0 (p
@ 'p
1 N
C
0
N
L 41
@
N
w
N N
w
•N
L N
Y6
N
L@
w6
Q
7,
L N
@
Q
� V;
L N
w
N V5
L@
w
p
a
O <p
%
@
'p
>
O tp
@
a
>
O cp
@
-p
>
O tp
@
-p
>
O tp
@
'p
>
O tp
@
'p
>
O cp
@
a
>
O
@
J
@
y E
Q
@
10 L
@
N
10 L
@
@
10 L
@
@
10 L
@
@
10 L
@
@
10 L
@
N
10 L
o�
@
@
10 L
o�
@
@
NCcp
j
o
N
'gyp
L N
x_-
C
-
L y
x_-
C
-
L y
x_-
C
-
L y
x_-
C
-
L y
x_-
C
-
L y
x_ 'c
C
r
L y
x_ 'c
C
r
L y
x_ 'c
C
r
a>
N>
N>
N>
N>
N>
N>
N>
N
@ d 2
Z
O
Z
O
Z
O
Z
O
Z
O
Z
O
Z
O
Z
O
Z
c >�
a
p
p
d
3
N
a
c
N
N
N
N
N
Z
Z
Z
}
}
}
>
N
L c
N
@
c
C
UI
@
c
N
@
c
N
c
c
NN
o
(n
N o
N
(n
o
M
N D
m
E
E
E
E
N
N
�_
!
C
A
N
A
N Q
Z
N
N
N
C
LL
q
t
a
z
a
V
?
7 O
in
2
7 O
�n
N
O
�n
N
? W
? W
? m
E
N
(V
Q
U�n
a
o
o
Z
a
M I�
i5d izz
M 1�
W
a0
o
d
No
r E a
N
w
w
-
w
-
w
-
w
-
°N
-
w
m
-
w
m
o
w
m
a o D
r a -
W
LL
U'
2
—
Y
J
J
i a
a
\ U
d
-Jp
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
A
_E7
@
O
0
E
E
y
y
m
y
@
C
3
`
y
G
'S
m
o
e
o
E
E
m
m
@
E
a
w
@
L
3
Z
E
d
N
@O
w
N
o
C
o
o
o
N
o
a
o
a
E
E
J
m
>
J
>
N
o
O
N
U
C
C
d N
CO
J
fn
CI
W a
o
fn
r
(n
o
LL
p @ i
C L U 3
`°
@ 3 m >
L T N
>
3 0 0
N 3 L @
E o
�°n @ E $
� o E
E , B
A N >
a N o N
@ L
T W
N C E o
U a E H
C N _
M N L N N
Q O O O
N @ p C 0
E
@
O O @ N E fN
a o > U E
U - J
m E m 3EE o n
° J Z N °
o 0 Zc o L
E
E a @ z Em
K d° c c o E
o-
N E N s
U
N U opt LL C O '@°
u°i a o
O@ L LL O N N
o O C o o a L_
d o E N ��' .3
a
N O (J y @ L
cyEZdE"
o O N i0 .a o
o m a E
° �.o. oa
a N & C o .
O E 0 >
° N C
N ofop
a)V y o c@
N N@ a O N
o m N EC
c C @
O
O N y 0 U° o
y � @ 2 @ N
E Q y rn c E@
J u) E N y N
a
y m 3 m rn
N @ N ? O C
E >
y m> a o o
LLZZS(n u)
N th V l() (O h N
6.11.18 Rev. 5/08

Practice Standards and Specifications
Table 6.11.d
Seed Mixes for Native Species (Ibs/ac)
When Mixed with 3, 4, or 5 Other Native Species
(See Table 6.11.a for nurse crop species to be added to these mixes)
3 Other
(total 4 species)
4 Other
(total 5 species)
5 Other
(total 6 species)
Switch Grasses (A)
3.5 lbs.
3.0 lbs.
2.5 lbs.
Indian Grasses (B)
7.0 lbs.
6.0 lbs.
5.0 lbs.
Deertongue (C)
6.0 lbs.
5.0 lbs.
4.0 lbs.
Big Bluestem (D)
7.0 lbs.
6.0 lbs.
5.0 lbs.
Little Bluestem (E)
7.0 lbs.
6.0 lbs.
5.0 lbs.
Sweet Woodreed (F)
2.5 lbs.
2.0 lbs.
1.5 lbs.
Rice Cutgrass (G)
6.0 lbs.
5.0 lbs.
4.0 lbs.
Indian Woodoats (H)
2.5 lbs.
2.0 lbs.
1.5 lbs.
Virginia Wild Rye (1)
6.0 lbs.
5.0 lbs.
4.0 lbs.
Eastern Bottlebrush Grass (J)
2.5 lbs.
2.0 lbs.
1.5 lbs.
Soft Rush (K)
2.5 lbs.
2.0 lbs.
1.5 lbs.
Sedges (L)
2.5 lbs.
2.0 lbs.
1.5 lbs.
NOTE:
With the native varieties, the seed mix should be in the range of 15 pounds per acre.
Depending on availability of native seeds adaptable to North Carolina, the percentage
of a particular variety used may be reduced or increased accordingly. Although
diversity is desirable, it is imperative that the primary crop develop and become an
effective protective cover. In addition to the native species mix, additional nurse crop
species must be included to provide immediate stabilization and an adequate ground cover.
Rev. 5/08 6.11.19

0
Example 6.1 La GUIDELINES FOR WRITING MINIMUM LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT SPECIFICATIONS
Following is an outline that demonstrates what should be included in specifications that will insure the long term
stabilization of disturbed sites in North Carolina. As noted before in this manual, each construction site in the
state is unique and has features that will require special provisions for revegetation and stabilization. The outline
provided below cannot address these individual sites. It is the responsibility of the design professional and the
financially responsible party to see that the specifications are edited to fit their site and to assure that permanent
stabilization is achieved.
General Provisions
A. Intent:
1. These specifications are prepared with the intent of promoting outstanding performance in long-
term stabilization. They are to be used as guidelines in establishing sediment control and vegetative standards
for the sites. Final technical decisions such as herbicides, fertilizer ratios, times of application and schedules
are to be determined by the Contractor, who has the responsibility to obtain soil test and to manage the
vegetation to achieve the desired results. The maintenance specifications must address maintenance for
sediment and erosion control vegetation during construction and for permanent/long-term stabilization.
B. Description of Work:
1. Perform all work necessary and required for the (insert period of contract) maintenance of the project as
indicated on the drawings, in the project manual, and specified herein.
2. Licensing:
a) Contractor shall provide verification of current, applicable pesticide applicator licensing for
each applicator that will handle pesticides on the contracted sites.
3. Contract Administration
a) Staffing: The Contractor shall provide adequate staffing, with the appropriate expertise, to
perform all required work.
b) Monthly Site Review meetings will be held. Attendees will include the Contractor's Project
Manager and Site Foreman and the property manager or other representative designated by the
financially responsible party. Result of site reviews will be documented and circulated to the
attendees and the owner by the contractor.
c) The Contractor will communicate with the proper person on a monthly basis to summarize
work performed and immediately notify the project manager of any failure of the site to remain
stabilized.
II. Materials
A. Soil Additives: Additives are to be applied per soils test taken prior to, during and after construction. (Use
this section to provide the types and quantities of fertilizers, lime, and other soil amendments called for in
the soils report. Include all soils test reports in the specifications document. This narrative or list should
include quantities, rates, mixes, organic information, manufacturer, sources, and other information
suggested in the soils test.)
6.11.20 Rev. 5/08

Practice Standards and Specifications
A. Pesticides:
1. Establish an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program for the site that relies on targeted insect and
disease control coupled with sound stabilization management and water management practices.
2. These specifications do not include pesticide treatments for infestations of Southern Pine Beetle, Gypsy
Moth, or Fire Ants. The contractor shall notify the Owner if these pests are observed on site.
3. All pesticides shall be applied by a North Carolina licensed applicator in accordance with all State and
Federal regulations and per manufacturer's recommendations.
B. Mulches: Mulch for areas not subject to erosion and over wash by storm water should be called out in
this section addressing its maintenance, replacement, removal and conversion to other uses. Those subject to
erosion and over wash by storm water must be addressed on the plans and in the calculations.
III. Execution
A. General:
1. Good long term stabilization is based on the proper maintenance, management and balance of nutrients,
soil moisture and general cultural practices. It is recognized that fewer fungicide and pesticide treatments as
well as lower fertility rates are required with a well managed, balanced landscape. The following section is
meant to promote this balance and therefore do not highlight specific quantitative standards. (Quantitative
standards should be addressed as site specific by the design professional in conjunction with the
owner and contractor.) Calendar references are general and are to be used only as a guide. Weather and
soil conditions that are most appropriate for a given process, procedure and/or area of the state shall be the
determining factor in scheduling work.
B. Soil Tests:
1. After the soil test prior to stabilization, tests shall be made yearly in the fall to determine the required soil
additives for all stabilized areas. If known nitrogen requirements are not specified by previous test, they
need to be determined by the subsequent soils test and the proper applications made. Fertilizer ratios may
be determined through analysis of the soil tests coupled with the contractor's experience and knowledge of
the site.
C. Mowing
1. Mowing for maintained turf/lawns
a. Mow areas intended for "groomed appearance" on a schedule during the growing season
and as required throughout the year to provide the desired appearance. (Establish a mowing
frequency here that addresses the specific plant species used and their growing habits.) This
frequency will be a minimum standard. Particular properties and their peculiar characteristics
as well as individual plant species may require mowing more often than the stated minimum
may be required. This should be noted in this section.
b. The range of turf species suggested for lawns in the three growing regions of North Carolina
vary as to optimum maintained height. The selected species should be maintained at a height
recommended by the seed producer. Do not cut too short and do not allow the turf to attain
a height that will cause the crop to decline or die. Consult individual seed producers and/or
packaging for recommended mowing heights.
c. Mow with a mulching mower to limit the amount of clippings removed, or mow and blow in
such a manner that clippings are not evident and not to adversely effect the growing capacity
Rev. 5/08 6.11.21

0
and/or health of the existing vegetation turf. It is important clippings are allowed to remain
spread throughout the lawn area, to the extent possible, so that they might aid in building a
more productive soil profile and root zone.
2. Mowing other stabilized areas to promote continued growth. Include mowing specification here for other
stabilized areas which require maintenance but not a "groomed" appearance. Also include specifications
for mowing areas where it is desirable for woody native volunteer vegetation to become established. This
should include attention to mowing stakes or other way of protecting the desired woody natives from the
mowing operation.
D. Watering
1. Irrigation System Maintenance and Monitoring: If stabilized areas are to be irrigated the design
professional should include specifications for the system, its maintenance and its operation in this section.
2. In the absence of an automatic or manual irrigation system, provisions for providing adequate water to
stabilized areas should be addressed in this section.
3. (Provisions should be made in this section for adjustments to application rates of water during
times of regulated droughts and/or periods of excessive rainfall.)
E. CONTROL OF INVASIVES: Competition from invasive species can be detrimental to the establishment
of the permanent vegetative cover. Left unchecked, these invasives can undermine a revegetation process in
a short period of time and eventually lead to unprotected soil and sediment damage. Make site observations
monthly to check for the presence of such species and, if found, treat them immediately with the appropriate
cultural practices and/or by the use of seasonally -appropriate and site appropriate herbicides.
F. Maintenance items including fertilization, mowing, continued soils testing, repair, mulching, matting and
soil preparation are to be addressed in the approved construction sequence and on the project bid list.
6.11.22 Rev. 5/08