SnowCampQuarry-PreliminaryHydroReport-Rev1-Final-092218

PRELIMINARY HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION
FOR THE PROPOSED SNOW CAMP QUARRY
SNOW CAMP, ALAMANCE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Prepared for:
Mr. Chad M. Threatt
Alamance Aggregates, LLC
PO Box 552
Snow Camp, NC 27349
Prepared by:
Robert Christian Reinhardt, P.G.
Geologist - Hydrogeologist
Environmental Scientist
7620 Mine Valley Road
Raleigh, North Carolina, 27615
September 22, 2018
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PRELIMINARY HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION FOR
THE PROPOSED SNOW CAMP QUARRY
SNOW CAMP, ALAMANCE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Executive Summary
Geologists have completed a preliminary hydrogeologic study in the vicinity of the
proposed Snow Camp Quarry located between Clark Road and Quackenbush road,
approximately 2 miles south of the unincorporated town of Snow Camp in Alamance
County, North Carolina. The preliminary investigation is based on information provided
by Carolina Geological Services, Inc. and Snow Camp Property Investments to support
work in the preliminary permitting process for the proposed quarry. The scope of work
primarily included the compilation of existing data and the evaluation of new data and
field observations collected during site visits. This report describes the hydrogeology of
the area and potential impacts of quarry development on local ground- water resources.
Based on this preliminary study, the following conclusions were reached:
The proposed Snow Camp Quarry and any the water supply wells in the area receive
their groundwater from interconnected fractures in metamorphic or igneous bedrock.
In general, most of these fractures occur in the upper 30 to 50 feet of bedrock,
although water -bearing fractures could occur deeper in wells or in the quarry pit walls.
The majority of drilled water supply wells in the area tend to be constructed in fractured
bedrock although some shallow wells may be completed in the overlying saprolite. Well
yields tend to be approximately the same in both rock and sand wells, ranging from 1
to 30 gallons per minute. Most of the wells in the area are around 100 feet deep.
There are currently 2 inactive water supply wells and 1 active water supply well on the
subject property. The nearest active water supply well not on the subject property is
located approximately 500 feet west/southwest from the proposed quarry.
The geological data and literature indicate it is not likely that the water table in
residential water supply wells located more than 500 feet away from the proposed
Snow Camp Quarry pit wall would be adversely impacted by the quarry operation. Also,
it is not likely that groundwater levels will be influenced in any way by groundwater
withdrawals at the proposed quarry at a distance of 1,000 feet from the proposed
quarry walls. This conclusion is based on a review of available information obtained
during this preliminary investigation, including a comparison of conditions at other
quarries with similar geologic and hydrogeologic conditions. Comparative information
was reviewed from North Carolina Division of Environmental Quality files for the
Burlington quarry East Alamance quarry. A detailed hydrogeologic study of the
proposed Snow Camp Quarry area has not been performed. However, it is likely that
the impact to groundwater resources in the proposed Snow Camp Quarry area will be
similar to impacts experienced at these nearby quarries with similar geologic and
hydrogeologic conditions.
A limited fracture trace analysis was performed for the area surrounding the subject site
and determined the following: the fracture trace analysis gives some indication of the
M

PRELIMINARY HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION FOR
THE PROPOSED SNOW CAMP QUARRY
SNOW CAMP, ALAMANCE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
density and connectivity of significant fracturing in the shallow bedrock. The fracture
density appears to be low and based on the apparent displacement and cut-off of
foliation, the interconnectivity of the fracture sets does not likely extend over distances.
Therefore, one can expect little to no impact to groundwater resources beyond the
property boundaries. The existing water supply wells located on the property appear to
be ideally situated for conversion to monitoring wells and beginning a groundwater
monitoring program.
ff

PRELIMINARY HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION FOR
THE PROPOSED SNOW CAMP QUARRY
SNOW CAMP, ALAMANCE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Table of Contents
Page
ExecutiveSummary................................................................................................... ii
Introduction..............................................................................................................1
Scopeof Work..........................................................................................................1
Regional Geology and Hydrogeology..........................................................................2
Site Geology and Hydrogeology.................................................................................3
Fracture/Lineament Analysis......................................................................................4
Potential for Impact on Groundwater Resources.........................................................5
Mining in Fractured Crystalline Rock vs Mining in Coastal Plane Sediments ...................7
Conclusions and Recommendations............................................................................8
References...............................................................................................................9
AuthorQualifications...............................................................................................11
Tables
Table 1:
Outcrop Fracture and Foliation Measurements
Table 2:
In -active Supply Well Water Level Measurements
Table 3:
Mining Permits Reviewed for Snow Camp Quarry
Figures
Figure 1: Site Location -Area Topographic Map
Figure 2: Site Plan with Well and Out Crop Locations
Figure 3: Conceptual Groundwater Flow in Fractured Crystalline Rock in the
Piedmont of North Carolina
Figure 4: Area Geologic Map
Figure 4A: Geologic Map Legend
Figure 4: Approximate Borehole/Water Supply Well and Outcrop Locations
Figure 5: Lineament/Fracture Trace Approximation
Figure 6: Properties Within 1,000 Feet Of Proposed Mining Limit
Figure 7: Conceptual Groundwater Flow - Pumping From Confined vs Unconfined
Aquifers
1V

PRELIMINARY HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION FOR
THE PROPOSED SNOW CAMP QUARRY
SNOW CAMP, ALAMANCE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Page 1
PRELIMINARY HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION
FOR THE PROPOSED SNOW CAMP QUARRY
SNOW CAMP, ALAMANCE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Introduction
The proposed Snow Camp Quarry is located between Clark Road and Quackenbush
road, approximately 2 miles south of the unincorporated town of Snow Camp in
Alamance County, North Carolina (Figure 1). Robert C. Reinhardt, a North Carolina
Licensed Professional Geologist, was contracted by Carolina Geological Services, Inc. to
provide a general hydrogeologic description of the proposed quarry site, discuss the
possible impact of the quarry operation on local groundwater resources, and propose a
groundwater monitoring program for the site.
Scope of Work
The scope of services primarily included the compilation of existing data, the evaluation
of that data in light of new data and field observations collected during site visits, and a
brief report describing the hydrogeology of the area and potential impacts of quarry
development on nearby ground water resources. To the extent that the existing and
new data allowed, this report summarizes the hydrogeology of the new quarry site with
emphasis on the impact of mine dewatering on local surface water and groundwater
resources; and provides the framework for a groundwater monitoring program.
This project did not include the installation of monitoring wells, the sampling or
laboratory analysis of groundwater samples, or the collection of new data other than
field observations and measurements obtained during site visits.
Carolina Geological Services, Inc. (CGS) has provided maps showing the proposed
quarry area (Figure 2) and the location of existing water supply wells on the property.
Snow Camp Property Investments (SCPI), the property owners, provided drill core
extracted from the site. SCPI personnel accompanied this geologist to the proposed
quarry site to inspect rock outcrops on the property and inspect the existing water
supply wells. Published reports from Federal, State and County agencies regarding the
hydrogeology, soils, FEMA wetlands, and water availability of the area were searched
and reviewed.
This report provides a general hydrogeologic description of groundwater resources in
the vicinity of the proposed quarry and a generalized description of groundwater
conditions in the Piedmont physiographic region of North Carolina. Based on this

PRELIMINARY HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION FOR
THE PROPOSED SNOW CAMP QUARRY
SNOW CAMP, ALAMANCE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Page 2
review of existing information, this report illustrates the potential impact of
groundwater withdrawals from the proposed quarry operation on local groundwater
resources.
Regional Geology and Hydrogeology
The proposed Snow Camp Quarry site lies in the Piedmont physiographic province and
the eastern edge of the Carolina Slate Belt geologic terrane, and is located just west of
the Sanford and Durham Triassic Basins. The near -surface materials of the Piedmont
generally consist of a three -stage system that, from top to bottom, contains a regolith
zone, a transitional zone, and an underlying fractured bedrock zone (Heath, 1984;
Daniel, 1987; Harned, 1989). Figure 3 demonstrates the important elements of these
zones.
The uppermost zone, the regolith, is composed of saprolite (derived from in -place
weathering of bedrock), alluvium, and soil. This zone consists of an unconsolidated or
semi -consolidated mixture of clay and fragmental material ranging in grain size from silt
to boulders. Much of the area near the study site is also covered with a veneer of
coastal plain sediments. The upper zone can range from a few feet in thickness to 100
feet or more depending on the rock type and the geologic structure of the rock.
The transitional zone is where the unconsolidated material grades into bedrock. It
consists primarily of saprolite and variably weathered bedrock. Particle size ranges
from silt and clay to large boulders of un-weathered bedrock. The thickness of this
zone depends on the texture and composition of the rock. Together, the regolith and
transitional zones are usually less than 100 feet thick in the Piedmont (Daniel, 1987).
The deepest zone is fractured crystalline bedrock. The uppermost part of this zone
contains numerous closely spaced fractures. Fracture frequency and size in the bedrock
tend to decrease with depth. Generally, very few fractures occur in Piedmont bedrock
at depths greater than 400 feet (LeGrand, 1967).
Heath's (1984) concept of a generalized groundwater system for the Piedmont is
presented here as the conceptual hydrogeologic model for the subject area. The
fundamental components of this system are the regolith, the transitional, and the
fractured bedrock zones. The saturated regolith and transitional zones generally
provide the bulk of water storage within the Piedmont groundwater system (Heath,
1980). These zones serve as reservoirs supplying water to interconnected fractures
within the fractured bedrock zone. Most of the natural flow of the shallow groundwater
system occurs in the upper 30 to 50 feet of bedrock where fractures are concentrated,

PRELIMINARY HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION FOR
THE PROPOSED SNOW CAMP QUARRY
SNOW CAMP, ALAMANCE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Page 3
and the overlying saturated transitional zone. The primary porosity of the saturated
regolith and transitional zones, which occurs as voids between grains in the soil, sands,
saprolite, and weathered rock, can range from 35% to 55% (Daniel and Dahlen, 2002),
which allows a large groundwater storage volume. The porosity of the bedrock,
however, only occurs in open fractures and typically averages around 0.1% (Heath,
1980). The fractures in bedrock are not usually extensively connected, which tends to
limit the area of impact from a groundwater pumping system in fractured rock.
The groundwater flow system in the Piedmont is also directly connected to the surface
water system (Harned, 1989). Figure 3 schematically demonstrates this connection.
The direction of shallow groundwater flow is toward streams that act as discharge areas
for the groundwater flow system. Inter -stream areas are areas of recharge. Generally,
the shape of the water table mimics the topography of the land surface, although with
subdued relief, so that surface topography can be used to predict the natural direction
of groundwater flow.
Site Geology and Hydrogeology
The proposed Snow Camp Quarry site lies in the Piedmont physiographic province and
the eastern edge of the Carolina Slate Belt geologic terrane. The Pine Hill Branch Fault
and the South Fork Fault system lie approximately 1.8 miles east southeast and 2.3
miles southeast of the site, respectively (Schmidt, et. al., 2006). The quarry site is in
an area bounded to the northwest and southeast by parts of the Major Hill Structural
Block (Schmidt, et. al., 2006) and should likely be considered as part of the block.
Other, undesignated or un-named structural features are located northwest and
southeast of the site.
The geologic map included with the report "Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Snow
Camp-Saxapahaw Area, Central North Carolina" (Schmidt, et. al., 2006, U.S. Geological
Survey Open -File Report 2006-1259) (Figures 4/4A) characterizes the bedrock at the
site as a part of the Reedy Branch Tuff. Tuff is defined as an igneous rock consisting of
volcanic ejecta (as ash/cinder) that has consolidated in to solid crystalline rock. The
Reedy Branch Tuff is typically a crystal -rich rhyolite and dacite tuff which has under-
gone greenschist facies metamorphosis. It is remarkably uniform in both texture and
composition. Where near the intermediate to felsic volcanic complex, the younger
Reedy Branch Tuff is less altered and less deformed than the underlying rock. It is
everywhere metamorphosed in the greenschist facies (Schmidt, et. al., 2006).
The tuff consists of plagioclase and quartz crystals set in a fine grained matrix of
muscovite, biotite, chlorite, epidote, and other secondary minerals formed during
greenschist-facies metamorphism and by later hydrothermal alteration. Sericitization is

PRELIMINARY HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION FOR
THE PROPOSED SNOW CAMP QUARRY
SNOW CAMP, ALAMANCE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Page 4
abundant in the Reedy Branch Tuff and strong hydrothermal alteration has been
mapped in the northern portion of the proposed quarry property (Figure 4/4A)
(Schmidt, et. al., 2006). SCPI reports that the regolith zone overlying the fractured
bedrock was between 0 and 15 feet thick in the boreholes drilled on -site and an
inspection of core from the site confirms the site mineralogy and weathering to a depth
of about 12 feet below land surface (bls).
The source of most of the groundwater to the proposed quarry would be from water
filled fractures in regolith and the upper portions of the bedrock. The width and
frequency of fractures in bedrock decrease with depth. Although it is likely that more
water producing fractures will be encountered at shallower rather than deeper parts of
the future quarry, water producing fractures could be present down to the total
proposed depth of the quarry which is anticipated to eventually be over 200 feet bls.
The Alamance County GIS department indicates that is no county water supply system.
Water supplies to residences are from individual wells or shared wells in certain
subdivisions. Well construction information for the area was limited and was obtained
from two sources: a USGS database detailing groundwater monitoring in the central
Piedmont and the NC Division of Water Resources — Source Water Assessment Program
(SWAP) Report for the Alamance-Orange Water System (a small private water system).
Two wells listed in the USGS database were reviewed for this report. The wells were
generally constructed in the transition zone from regolith to fractured rock with casing
from land surface to competent rock, with screen intervals below the water table. The
wells range in depth from 40 feet to 50 feet. Well yields were not reported. The two
nearby wells listed in the SWAP report were both completed as open hole wells in
fractured rock. The wells were constructed with the casing grouted into the top of the
bedrock and extended to depths of 540 feet (Well #2) and 525 feet (Well #3). Yields
were reported at 140 gpm and 127 gpm, respectively. The higher yields of these wells
can likely be attributed to the storage capacity of the deep wellbore.
Fracture Trace/Lineament Analysis
As noted above, groundwater flow in fractured bedrock is restricted to interconnected
fractures. These fractures or joint sets frequently exhibit on land surface as connected
drainage patterns as the fractures provide a mechanism for deeper weathering of the
rock and create a zone of weakness that is more easily eroded by surface water.
Fracture traces visible on aerial photographs and topographic maps are natural linear
drainage, soil -tonal, and topographic alignment are probably the surface manifestation
of underlying zones of fracture concentration. This method of well -site location using
mapped linear features was first described by Lattman and Parizek (1964). Fracture

PRELIMINARY HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION FOR
THE PROPOSED SNOW CAMP QUARRY
SNOW CAMP, ALAMANCE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Page 5
trace or lineament mapping was defined by O' Leary and others (1976) as "extended
mappable linear or curvilinear features of a surface whose parts align in straight or
nearly straight relationships that may be the expression of folds, fractures or faults in
the subsurface". These features are mappable at various scales, from local to
continental, and can be utilized in mineral, oil and gas, and groundwater exploration
studies.
Lineaments mapped in the area of the proposed Snow Camp Quarry generally fall into
two categories: fault related and foliation related. The fault related fractures trend
roughly parallel to the Pine Hill Branch Fault system and the South Fork Fault system
noted above. Both of these fault systems strike approximately 500 northeast (Figure
4). Several outcrops of bedrock were identified on the subject property (Figure 2) and
were measured using a geologic compass app on an iPhone. The fracture strikes
ranged between 550 and 650 NE. The fracture dip (a measure of the vertical
component of a geologic structure) was steep, ranging between 710 and 790
south/southeast. These measurements were confirmed by the fracture trace analysis
performed for the site using connected drainage patterns as depicted on the area
topographic map (Figure 5). Table 1 presents the field measurements of the outcrop
fracture planes.
The foliation related fractures form along the repetitive layering found in metamorphic
rocks. The layers may be as thin as a sheet of paper, or over a meter in thickness.
Foliation is common in rocks affected by the regional metamorphism compression
typical of areas of tectonic activity. The foliation fractures in the proposed quarry area
appear to strike toward the northwest. Due to weathering of the outcrops, no
measurable foliation fractures were observed on the property.
The fracture trace analysis gives some indication of the density and connectivity of
significant fracturing in the shallow bedrock. The fracture density appears to be low
and based on the apparent displacement and cut-off of foliation, the interconnectivity of
the fracture sets do not likely extend over significant distances.
Potential for Impact on Groundwater Resources
A detailed hydrogeologic study of the proposed Snow Camp Quarry site has not been
performed. However, we assume at this time that the impact to groundwater resources
in the proposed quarry area will be similar to impacts experienced near quarries with
similar geologic and hydrogeologic conditions.

PRELIMINARY HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION FOR
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SNOW CAMP, ALAMANCE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Page 6
During the site reconnaissance, water levels were measured in 2 existing, in -active
water supply wells on the property near the southern and northern edges of the
property (Figure 2) (Table 2). Construction details or other information about the
wells such as total depth, casing depth, and yield were not available due to the
assumed age of the wells. The well designated as WSW-1 appears to be a drilled well
with an 8" diameter steel casing at land surface located at an old abandoned farmstead.
Depth to groundwater in that well was approximately 39 feet bls. The well designated
as WSW-2 is a hand dug well with a 4 foot square surface hole and bricked upper
portion. This well was located at an abandoned one room school house. There was a
drilled well adjacent to the dug well but the wellhead for that was not accessible. The
total depth of the dug well was measured at approximately 41 feet below the top of the
brick. Depth to water was measured at 29' bls. Water levels alone, without the
qualifying well information are of little use to this investigation. However, the drilled
water supply wells could likely be converted to monitoring wells and they are located at
prime spots for continued long term monitoring of the site.
State permit files were reviewed for two nearby quarries with similar geologic and
hydrogeologic conditions (Table 3): the Martin Marietta Burlington quarry, located
approximately 13 miles north northwest, and the Martin Marietta East Alamance quarry,
located approximately 18 miles north. The Burlington quarry has been in operation
since 1974 and the East Alamance quarry since 1988. Each quarry has received an
NPDES permit from the N.C. Division of Water Resources to discharge water from the
quarry pit and no violations have been reported for those permits. The water
discharged from the pits is a combination of groundwater and rainwater, however, the
majority of water in the pits is rainwater. Based on the average annual rainfall for the
Burlington area (http://usclimatedata.com), 1 acre of active quarry pit will receive
approximately 3,350 gallons of rainwater per day. As an example, the Burlington
quarry is permitted to discharge 340,000 gallons per day. The active mining area is 211
acres, yielding and average daily rainfall of about 700,000 gallons. Evaporation will
account for the loss of part of the rainwater in the pit and part of the water is used for
dust control and washing the crushed stone. The dust control and wash water seeps
back into the ground and is effectively recycled on the property. Reviews of the
permits for these quarries indicate that groundwater pumping from the pit is minimal.
Records for the East Alamance quarry show that pit water was only discharged to the
surface receptor after periods of heavy rainfall and that daily discharge didn't exceed
approximately 25,000 gallons per day. Based on this information, it is obvious that the
amount of groundwater being pumped is relatively small and the pumping does not
significantly impact groundwater conditions away from the quarry pit. Monitoring wells
installed at quarries with similar hydrogeologic conditions have shown little to no impact
800 feet from the pit.

PRELIMINARY HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION FOR
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SNOW CAMP, ALAMANCE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Page 7
We believe that information obtained for these other local quarries represents
conditions generally analogous to the proposed Snow Camp Quarry site. At this time,
we conclude it is likely that the water table in water supply wells located more than 800
feet away from the proposed quarry pit wall would not be adversely impacted by the
quarry operation. Also, based on our experience with other quarry operations, it is
likely that groundwater levels will not be influenced in any way by groundwater
withdrawals from at a distance of 1,000 feet from the proposed quarry walls. Figure 6
indicates the 1,000 foot radius around the proposed mining limit and properties within
the radius. Based on site observations, it does not appear that any active residential
supply wells are within the radius.
Mining in Fractured Crystalline Rock vs. Mining in Coastal Plain Sediments
During previous public hearings for mining permits in similar geologic conditions, this
geologist has noted that concerns were voiced about the wide ranging impacts to
groundwater and the causation of sinkholes due to mining activities. Since this site is
not located in the coastal plain and is not in a limestone terrain, there is a negligible
potential for sinkhole formation. The only fractured rock mining related sinkholes in
North Carolina that this geologist is aware of occurred over an old, abandoned gold
mine in Cabarrus County. Groundwater pumping for golf course irrigation drew the
water table down sufficiently to weaken a filled shaft in the old gold mine and the
collapse of the shaft created a sinkhole at land surface in the sub -division built adjacent
to the golf course. There does not appear to be a similar concern at this site.
The rock type, limestone vs. crystalline rock, is critical to the formation of geological
sinkholes. Eastern North Carolina limestone is typically quite porous and is very soluble.
Due to these aspects, cavities, and potentially caverns, can form in the limestone as it
dissolves in slightly acidic groundwater. As the water table is lowered below the top of
the limestone, the soils and sediments overlying the rock can collapse into these
cavities, eventually reaching land surface and forming a sinkhole.
The crystalline bedrock of the Piedmont is not soluble and is not likely to form cavities
where overlying materials can collapse to form sinkholes. Sinkholes formed in areas
underlain by crystalline bedrock are almost invariably due to a break in a water line or
storm drain line which causes a washout of the surrounding soils and results in a
localized sinkhole. Therefore, we can conclude that sinkholes are extremely unlikely to
form due to groundwater drawdowns in crystalline bedrock.

PRELIMINARY HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION FOR
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SNOW CAMP, ALAMANCE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Page 8
Concerning the wide ranging impact to the local aquifer system, rock mining in the
North Carolina Coastal Plain is carried out exclusively in areas underlain by a shallow
limestone. The limestone frequently occurs as a confined aquifer as opposed to the
unconfined nature of quarries and aquifers in the Piedmont. Alley and others (1999)
discuss the significantly different response of confined and unconfined aquifers to
pumping before the ground -water system returns to a new equilibrium. Their research
has shown that drawdowns in the confined aquifer are always larger than drawdowns in
the unconfined aquifer, and that significant measurable, drawdowns occur at much
larger distances from the pumping well in the confined aquifer. In their idealized
scenario, they determined that the total volume of the cone of depression in the
confined aquifer is about 2,000 times larger than the total volume of the cone of
depression in the unconfined aquifer for this example of a hypothetical infinite aquifer.
Thus, the depth of drawdown and the areal extent of the cone of depression in a
confined aquifer are orders of magnitude larger than those in an unconfined aquifer
(Figure 7) (Alley, et.al., 1999).
Conclusions and Recommendations
Geologists have completed a preliminary hydrogeologic study in the vicinity of the
proposed Snow Camp Quarry located between Clark Road and Quackenbush road,
approximately 2 miles south of the unincorporated town of Snow Camp in Alamance
County, North Carolina. The preliminary investigation is based on information provided
by Carolina Geological Services, Inc. and Snow Camp Property Investments to support
work in the preliminary permitting process for the proposed quarry. The scope of work
primarily included the compilation of existing data and the evaluation of new data and
field observations collected during site visits. This report describes the hydrogeology of
the area and potential impacts of quarry development on local ground- water resources.
Based on this preliminary study, the following conclusions were reached:
The proposed Snow Camp Quarry and any the water supply wells in the area receive
their groundwater from interconnected fractures in metamorphic or igneous bedrock.
In general, most of these fractures occur in the upper 30 to 50 feet of bedrock,
although water -bearing fractures could occur deeper in wells or in the quarry pit walls.
The majority of drilled water supply wells in the area will tend to be constructed in
fractured bedrock although some shallow wells may be completed in the overlying
saprolite. Residential well yields tend to be approximately the same in both rock and
sand wells, ranging from 1 to 30 gallons per minute. Local wells reviewed for this
report were from a USGS database and the NC Division of Water Resources Report for a
local private water system. The USGS database reports the wells were generally
constructed in the transition zone from regolith to fractured rock with casing from land

PRELIMINARY HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION FOR
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SNOW CAMP, ALAMANCE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Page 9
surface to competent rock and screen intervals below the water table. The wells were
40 to 50 feet deep and well yields were not reported. The two nearby wells listed in
the SWAP report were both completed as open hole wells in fractured rock. The wells
were constructed with the casing grouted into the top of the bedrock and extended to
depths of 540 feet (Well #2) and 525 feet (Well #3). Yields were reported at 140 gpm
and 127 gpm, respectively. These records provide a wide range for area wells. There
are currently 2 inactive water supply wells on the subject property. The nearest active
water supply well not on the subject property is located more than 1,000 feet from the
proposed quarry.
The geological data and literature indicate it is not likely that the water table in
residential water supply wells located more than 500 feet away from the proposed
Snow Camp Quarry pit wall would be adversely impacted by the quarry operation. Also,
it is not likely that groundwater levels will be influenced in any way by groundwater
withdrawals at the proposed quarry at a distance of 1,000 feet from the proposed
quarry walls. This conclusion is based on a review of available information obtained
during this preliminary investigation, including a comparison of conditions at other
quarries with similar geologic and hydrogeologic conditions. Comparative information
was reviewed from North Carolina Division of Environmental Quality files for the
Burlington quarry and East Alamance quarry. A detailed hydrogeologic study of the
proposed Snow Camp Quarry area has not been performed. However, it is likely that
the impact to groundwater resources in the proposed Snow Camp Quarry area will be
similar to impacts experienced at these nearby quarries with similar geologic and
hydrogeologic conditions.
A limited fracture trace analysis was performed for the area surrounding the subject site
and determined the following: the fracture trace analysis gives some indication of the
density and connectivity of significant fracturing in the shallow bedrock. The fracture
density appears to be low and based on the apparent displacement and cut-off of
foliation, the interconnectivity of the fracture sets does not likely extend over distances.
Therefore, one can expect little to no impact to groundwater resources beyond the
property boundaries. The existing water supply wells located on the property appear to
be ideally situated for conversion to monitoring wells and beginning a groundwater
monitoring program.
References
Alley, W.M., T.E. Reilly, O.L. Franke, 1999: Sustainability of Groundwater Resources:
U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1186.
Daniel, C.C., III, 1987; Statistical Analysis Relating Well Yield to Construction Practices

PRELIMINARY HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION FOR
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SNOW CAMP, ALAMANCE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
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and Siting of Wells in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge Provinces of North Carolina: U.S.
Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 86-4132.
Daniel, C.C. III and P.R. Dahlen, 2002; Preliminary Hydrogeologic Assessment and
Study Plan for a Regional Ground -Water Resource Investigation of the Blue Ridge and
Piedmont Provinces of North Carolina; U.S. Geological Survey Water -Resources
Investigations Report 02-4105
Harned, D.A., 1989; The Hydrogeologic Framework and a Reconnaissance of Ground -
Water Quality in the Piedmont Province of North Carolina with a Design for Future
Study: U.S. Geological Survey Water -Resources Investigations Report 88-4130.
Heath, R.C., 1980; Basic Elements of Ground -Water Hydrology with Reference to
Conditions in North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water -Resources Open -File Report
80-44.
Heath, R.C., 1984; Ground -Water Regions of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey
Water -Supply Paper 2242.
Lattman, L.H., and R.R. Parizek, 1964; Relationship between fracture traces and the
occurrence of ground water in carbonate rocks., Journal of Hydrology, v. 2., pp. 73-91.
LeGrand, H., 1988; Region 21 - Piedmont and Blue Ridge, in Back, W., J.S. Rosenshein,
and P.R. Seaber, Eds., Hydrogeology: The Geology of North America, Vol. 0-2.
Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado.
O'Leary, D. W., J.D. Friedman, & H.A. Pohn, 1976; Lineament, linear, lineation: Some
proposed new standards for old terms. Bulletin of the Geological Society ofAmerica, 87,
1463-1469.
Schmidt, Robert G., Gumiel, Pablo, and Payas, Alba, 2006, Geology and Mineral
Deposits of the Snow Camp-Saxapahaw Area, Central North Carolina: U.S. Geological
Survey Open -File Report 2006-1259
Source Water Assessment Program Report for ORANGE-ALAMANCE WATER SYSTEM
Community Water System, 2017, NCDEQ — Water Resources Division, Drinking Water
Protection Program, Source Water Assessment Program
https://www. ncwater.org/fi les/swa p/SWAP_Reports/0368020_9_13_2017_85_11. pdf
USGS Groundwater Data for North Carolina, USGS Water Resources of the South
Atlantic Water Science Center, https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nc/nwis/gw

PRELIMINARY HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION FOR
THE PROPOSED SNOW CAMP QUARRY
SNOW CAMP, ALAMANCE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Page 11
Author Qualifications: Robert Christian (Chris) Reinhardt, P.G.
EXPERIENCE SUMMARY
Mr. Reinhardt has more than 30 years of experience in geology and hydrogeology and has an
understanding of complex environmental and regulatory issues as well as strong technical
management qualifications with years of progressive and varied project experience. Mr.
Reinhardt has worked in 22 US states, performing hundreds of Phase I and Phase II
Environmental Site Assessments, UST removals, Comprehensive Site Assessments, Hazardous
Waste Site Assessments, and Remedial Feasibility Studies. He has worked in karst terraines,
coastal plain sediments, and fractured crystalline rock, has participated in stream and wetlands
restoration projects, mine permitting, and drilling projects for numerous municipal water supply
systems. He was instrumental in drafting the NC Guidelines for the Investigation and
Remediation of Soils and Groundwater at Petroleum Contaminated Sites. His work has given
him varied experience in mining and asphalt/concrete facilities, military sites, residential and
commercial development, petroleum and agricultural chemical sites, dry cleaners, and heavy
industrial sites, plus geologic support for geotechnical investigations.
Mr. Reinhardt trained dozens of field personnel for the environmental assessment of 292 square
miles of agricultural property acquired by the South Florida Water Management District for the
"River of Grass" restoration project. His experience also includes: managing the closure of a
PCB contaminated site in Colorado; the investigation of environmental and hydrogeologic
liabilities at about 50 active and in -active mines and greenfield sites in multiple states;
investigation and remediation of groundwater incidents at multiple asphalt plant sites;
environmental and geologic evaluation and borehole logging for caisson/foundation drilling at a
Hybrid Energy Center built on a re-claimed coal mine in southwest Virginia; geologic and
hydrogeologic design for a greenfield landfill site in western NC; and managing a municipal
solid waste landfill closure and methane gas investigation at a former landfill site in central NC.
LICENSE
NC Professional Geologist No. 1044
EDUCATION
Graduate Studies - Hydrogeology — East Carolina University - 1987/1988
BS Geology — Appalachian State University - 1986
TRAINING/CERTIFICATIONS
40 Hour HAZWOPER Training plus 8 Hour Annual HAZWOPER Refreshers
24 Hour OSHA HAZWOPER Supervisor Training
Registered Site Manager, NCDWM REC Program
New Miner Training—MSHA/NCDOL Certification Part 46 and Part 48
USEPA Course - Hazardous Waste Site Sampling
USEPA Course — Protection of Public Water Supplies from Groundwater Contamination
E3 Course — Groundwater Flow and Characterization in Fractured Rock
AEG/AIPG Course — Groundwater in Crystalline Rock

Tables

Table 1: Outcrop Fracture Measurements
Proposed Snow Camp Quarry
Snow Camp, Alamance County, North Carolina
Outcrop#
Latitude
Longitude
Strike
Dip
OC-1(Fracture)
N35.870409°
W79.419137°
N55°E
78°S
OC-2 (Fracture)
N35.869779°
W79.417383°
N62°E
72°SE
OC-3 (Fracture)
N35.872246°
W79.414307°
N65°E
71'SE
Table 2: Well and Borehole Measurements
Proposed Snow Camp Quarry
Snow Camp, Alamance County, North Carolina
Well #
Latitude
Longitude
Approx.
Land Surface
Elevation
Approx.
Depth
to Water
Casing Stick -Up
(Above Land
Surface)
Water Level
(Below Land
Surface)
WSW-1
N35.864687°
W79.420557°
642'
40'
1'
39'
WSW-2
N35.873155°
W79.415771°
633'
31'
2'
29'
Table 3: Alamance County - Active Quarry Mining Permits Reviewed
Proposed Snow Camp Quarry
Snow Camp, Alamance County, North Carolina
Select
Permittee
Permit
Permit
Location
River
Original
Address,
Mine
Permit
Quadrangle
Latitude
Longitude
Business
Revised
#
Name
Basin
Issue Date
City, State,
Status
Acres
Name
Measure
Measure
Name
Date
Zip
Martin
P O Box
Marietta
Burlington
Cape
30013
01-02
04/24/1974
07/15/2013
Active
350
Gibsonville
36.05833
-79.5094
Materials,
Quarry
Fear
Raleigh,
Inc.
NC 27622
Martin
P O Box
East
Marietta
Cape
30013
01-08
Alamance
03/04/1988
07/15/2013
Active
611
Burlington NE
36.1341
-79.3607
Materials,
Fear
Raleigh,
Quarry
Inc.
NC 27622

Figures

Data use subject to license. ml
© DeLorme. DeLorme Street Atlas USA® 2011 0 '%2 'I 'I'%2 2 2%2
www.delorme.com BAN �$ �� W1 Data Zoom 11-0
Parcel Boundary
Approximate Site Location
Robert Christian Reinhardt, PG
Proposed Snow Camp Quarry
Geology • Hydrogeology • Environmental Science
7620 Mine Valley Road, Raleigh, NC 27615
Base Map from
Scale: As Shown
DeLorme StreetAtlas
RCR Project No. 18 M 14 02
Figure 1
[e-mail]

OWSW — Water Supply Well Location
—x PROPOSED FENCING
W STORMWATER BASINS
L OC — Rock Out Crop Location
GRAPHIC SCALE
IMH�I
RMMFn a -\ A
11 END -ON ME FACE I IRIS DOCUMENT DOES A
REPRESENT A .NO., SURI NOR DOES IT COJEORM TO C.S.
47-30 AS AMENDED. MIS 15 A COMPILATION OF THE BEST AVAILAS
PULUC ISFUNWATION COMPRISED OF DEEDS. PLATS. AERIAL PHOTOS,
AND OS DATA. FUTURE S1UOE5. SURVEYS AND ENCNEENING ME
PLANNED AS NG PROTECT FROM ESSES.
CHRISTOPHER S. FAULK. rFLS L-5U13 DATE
A'R�•�OIr-
M
_ mrL­11.',jr
METRI
ENGINEERING 6
SURVEYING
mmrx.lMl o ».® ws MP1 M1A� NP AaeNIM. ABSOCLATES
SITE
/ IXp PAIN]
C
i
t 8
3
VICINITY MAP — NOT TO SCALE
NO s.
- PROPOSED INPERV10U5 AREA = 5.0 A
- HUNG S TO BE FILLED ONLY WM NCOEO APPROVAL
PER 4M / 40A PERMITTING
AREA OF OPERAIMS IS BUFFERED A MINIMUM OF
125FROM PROPERTY ORES
- TEMP Y LGHTING WTL RE USED FOR ANY REQUIRED
NIGHT OPERATIONS
- FINAL DI AND PLACEMENT 7 STORMWATER CONTROL
GEYTCES TO BE CONFIRMED BY APPROVED SEDIMENT AND
EROSIGN CONTROL PLAN
BERMS TO BE COINSTRUCTED S' +/- HIGH AND PLANTED
VATH LOBLOEI.Y PINE
- LOBLOLLY PINES TO BE 'DOUBLE -STAGGER' PLANTED PER
SCREENING GUIRMNES DESCRIBED IN ALWANCE COUNTY
ORDNANCE
ALL VEGETATIVE SCREENING MUST BE VERIFIED BY VISUAL
INSPECTION PRIOR 10 ISSUANCE OF AN OPERATIONS PERMIT
FOR THE FACILITY. PLEASE CALL 336-570-5053 TO
SCNECULE AN INSPECTON.
- INTENT -TO -CONSTRUCT PERMITS ME VALID FOR (1) YEAR
FROM M DATE OF ISSUANCE.
TWO (2) COPIES OF A POST DEVELOPMENT/ASBUILT PLAN
ARE REQUIRED TO BE FILED IMM THE ALAMANCE COUNTY
PLANNING DEPARTMENT AT ME COMPLETION OF CONSTRUCTION
AND 1. TO ISSUANCE OF M OPERATIONS PERMIT.
AN OPERATORS PERMIT BE BE REQUIRED PRIOR TO BEGINNING
OPERATION OF ME FACILITY. PLEASE CALL 3%-570-4053
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.
- OPERATIONS PERMITS ARE VAUD FOR THREE (3) YEARS.
PLEASE CONTACT THE ALAMANCE COUNTY PLANNING
OEPARTMENT AT 336-570-4053 TO RENEW THIS PERMIT
PRIDE TO EXPIRATION.
- LIGHTING TO BE INSTALLED PER LIGHTING PLAN DETAIL
SUBMITTED WEN SITE PLAN
ACCESS WAYS, WALKWAYS AND PARKING AREAS SHALL
BE LIGHTED ADEQUATELY BY LIGHTING FIXTURES NMICH
SHAAL BE SO INSTALLED AS 10 PROTECT THE STREET
AND NEIGH IND PROPERTIES FROM DIRECT CLARE M
HAZARDOUS INTERFERENCE OF ANY KIND, APPLICANTS
ARE M CIRACED TO USE EIGHT SHIELDING AND FIXTURES
MAT ARE APPROVED BY ME INTERNATIONAL DARK SKY
ASSUCI N HI AS THESE FIXFJR CONSERVE ENERGY,
REDUCE MOR HLY COSTS AND MINIMIZE THE IMPACT OF
LIGHT PCLLuTION ON SURROUNDING PROPERTIES,
(HDO SECTION 4, ITEM I)
125' OPERATIONAL SETBACK TO INCLUDE 50' SCREENING
BUFFER REQUIRED By RICO SECT 4 ITEM G. NATURAL
VEGETATION TO BE SUPPLEMENTED AS DESCRIBED IN KIDD
APPEND% 'A' PER 5UBMITUDD SCREENING PLAN SUBJECT TO
PROVAL CE PLANNING DIRECTOt
- STRUCTURES NOT TO EXCEEO 40'IN HEIGHT ABOVE NATURAL
ELEVATION MADE PER HIRE SECTION 41TEM B
- BUILDING ON PIO BIO272V TO RE REMOVED SUBJECT TO
PROPER OEM"VON PERMITS
FINAL APPROVAL AND OPERATION PERMITS WILL BE
GCFEDG£NT UPON R£CIEPT OF FINAL STATE AND FEDERAL
APPROVALS
HISTOFnC PROPERTIES TO REMAIN OR MADE AVAILABLE
FOR RELOCAl'ON UPON CONSULTABON WM HISTORICAL
MCFERTIES COMMISSION
SITE PLAN
ALAMANCE QUARRY &
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
334,7 +/— ACRES
NEWLIN TOWNSHIP, ALAMANCE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
OWNER(S): SNOW CAMP PROPERTY INVESTMENTS. LLC
30 NORTH COULD STREET. SUITE 6408
SHERIDAN, WY 82801
SUBMITTED: DECEMBER 04. 2017 SCALE: 1" = 2001
Property Boundary
Site Plan with Well and Out Crop Locations
Robert Christian Reinhardt, PG
Mining Limit
Proposed Snow Camp Quarry
1
Geology • Hydrogeology • Environmental Science
7620 Mine Valley Road, Raleigh, NC 27615
[e-mail]
Scale: As Shown
Plan Provided By Carolina
RCR Project No. 18-M-14-02
Figure 2
Geological Services,lnc.

' 01' _
itNolkh
ZONE
unsaturated
xma
VAVIaNa
RCGOLIDI
Rr7alat
sat�ratud
V%c
FkACTUPEP ACC :-�s.1
AWtr'7i m
ROVIr
W ATHERED
BEDROCK,
BOULDERS
PAWLATHERED
BEDROCK
smttrJ0114r
Bk AWK
STRf MF*
FR141~TV9f
- ----- -TOTchGE
%' 1+f4Cr .7—,I
S1Mkal:
�r
IN
rx C)Ft¢GK
No Scale
Conceptual Groundwater
Flow in Fractured Crystalline
Robert Christian Reinhardt, PG
Geology • Hydrogeology • Environmental
Source:
Daniel, C.C. III and Dahlen, P.R.,
Rock in the Piedmont of
4
Science
2002, U.S. Geological Survey Water-
North Carolina
7620 Mine Valley Road
Resources Investigations Report 02—
Raleigh, NC 27615
4105
RCR Project No.: 18-M-14-02
Figure 3
[e-mail]

g.2e.
)�
�
\
�««. \
<. , !
. . • .- � m ��—., s— d�a
®�,2
S
x��»
.
��L t
�16
00%%00� Parcel Boundary
Area Geologic Map
Robed Christian Reinhardt, PG
Proposed snow Camp Quarry
Geology • Hy mg dog •EnG ronmenlalScience
7620 MineV»Ip Road, Ral@Sk NC27615
Scale: J" -\46
U.S. Geological Survey Open-
RCRPr]oect No. lyv-1- 2
Figure4
peReport 20 E15g
?a82?b6Ro&+n&

WRRELATIoN OF 1HAF UNITS
LAfVMK
C*rrgrp-A)rrrU m irtferred fTOM VAkFed INrcI74n471'$00 r WV
-- - Fiwll—Po ilicah irdunn; L From lopogmphir readwres, jwinpo�,itian of unrldaersd Tcxk
ly re , ob&orvad tlxar =ws;, Ilrumunvrus r Aad on Lma)�ei mod 36d64e.7ltirlg Trtdrve
L7r7dCj.{S, r rKJ i oundairws of ftuppBd SOILS. U, uplihmmi iidl: D. dif7V115d5riyx-a Eik
IJ Mina cw prosperf shaft
Pit or QLLRMj
1 s%* Lcea im of 9Bni* menlimed in texi and calkm%M for arldy��Allalyeka]
rc%du given m labkr-s 1-7
DESCHUMON OF MAP UNTrS
VC11 ANIC ROCKS
® Reedy BrmKh Tuff IhleoproleroaoW-WrjWikcllk and davIde Al
conralning abundant vuilsedral to subiw mi ploglodase cryalah and
kswr gaanz phrna Lt in a vary fine grai Md rrkalrix of musomdre.
bWlte, dslorik, epidMg. takLle, 1"-skl[y, and anaiasc; tary"i5. 31
contains smell Lnekeaox al dark, rimgraiwA rods- mash of whieH are
anadler than 0.4 d [l cm); a sew nwy be as much as 6 in (16 eLN kxi!R:
some art W"11aT and some meTatarded
rl. Rw* Branch TvP lit is stiOgIv to wK-krgwly AuW to gwdr3Crkiiw
Reedy f3ranch Twlf li"Pt s MFM'A alccnd ro end, kcolly, k
slaxgly sheanai
aA dkwontlnu suit it up to a hew leeL Imebms thick al the base: or the
Reedy Branch Tuff that contali s abundant Tounded darts of a %wk4y of
vokank rocks in o clys l rich rrxrlxktz interpreted w be a debris flaw
wrearlornaelrly wmrivi the ddur alrala. L-0 Ily acnsl,56 of iwrr ar
nkbxeelest-techCidCM>bl•r[dthuff
Inteiroediale to LeWc vatunkc complex (Meoproferozekc -Mimd
bamIlle to ThWWIc huff and coarse pFocla k-, rocks. Ln pan fragment
rkch; cvnlalnr a few Iks and vo[caatkkstk rocks. The entire
assvnrbtdsc U msawaad Iu be Aler khm Tow Rgw6 Branch Tdl, The
regixml aormIw6m by OffiC w51h the AeTcrA'_j Forrrmalkon and Ute
Hypo Formation -or Hankl1%M Ls emotive
Tul115. coarse pyroelastk rocks, and lesser ffovrs and vokantala5llc
rocks -Mixed lights types and outcrop spacing preducLid further
ad>vishan in m Pon!g 4Vlww pns-s>bfe. ir4ioicl el rack types wcro
�rdppred separaWN. lire as internal stretlgrapk k segtxerW4 •-.-,
Teo Wh-d
A3ndesklc or hasakk rocks -Few outciops observed tut a long namm
axes of mark rock Is aqpesied by TTraalr and Eflandiype soils %aRec
1g601
5ittwes, pArfly Ekrurlvrrdeel rhya8les anti dat:WE I?vAW* wnslbtae
most ad the Yckanit racks In lh c? Cane Creek Mowmalns; eLrewL9serr
linear owrop ara-rs no more than 3 rM i5 km} fang- Thx Isolated
antes are interuaetcd w be urkrerraln by haws. dxnes, or swbby lenses.
Flew Wnding is prvwnk In A'i-'l half or the mlwm s PL=inal. There
noels include o,r.Wd-rih IapWi 6dfs chat ccmmb spate Ilthlr rrrkgmant6,
Lul[ Lhat contamis mmpacted and delornted shards- arvJ Iap11II tutls In
a1Ych fine defined glass has preserved paidm, of Ilovw Layering. Some
layers contain mkmspheTtilles
_ probmble debris flours earl of S,-u- Camp own nn.d y-S4.eral thin beds
al tpprlr aorsglonserate, txrhaps Iakeprs, crs.daln dlvcne .�alraais:
""Aa srr.ar d-I rat a rk-tr MH
-- Zry �4
Uncvn1ne
Hm" adjamvl iolhe Ludky Farms Quartz Mptaarute in w&d s.l wid M
Quarez�eercke-paragatHfe roa-4ighegroy lu gmyi. h--grCmLn, bflprdA
IntekTaodWte to "Ic wtcanle rumple. OrkgInal tlL k textures generally
remain recorgmitable. Comma* contains a Iraoe to several percent
pyrlle. Also mckdes poinssic akered rocks and apid vgich amend
rocky avllhln and Tsar dcyars- pvh;, PdIym grade Wcl vo4ank inch
washout hydret}uvrmal ahereflan; Inver oWdmit wish n i� tore mire
genera Sy ahnV
SlYeeots care-mne roc Fs--r3emrally gray to- wtlLle Inlemmilate to felAe
rwits That are Intensely Mued to very siliceous gwrU glanofels and
asaodniW pads a1 t ��nhs44te ar drlNo e t s yak. Awq, s-
narrcrals ardade d4otitatd, tdp6z. fnagibaim, ]§CA 1i3o. IowrrAluw,
and, test camnwA*, laallte. Quahrs-heated bwan mmman; unguul
Ilthk temuresge"ak laden a totally ohllteraed
WTRl1SIVE HOCKS
Unnmiamnrphosed grankakl rock {CarbodtlaroW-small areas d
9nnile. dacbe. and rhyoda w. quaTtrrrich and pokwikim-poor,
khr-CAWpd mid medic my earth. and rrW*bdcnury bearing grct:r«rttllw
nwwc die quartr{ppldot(•-aulRde w k Same areas are grrrurgiy
deuterbcaW ar Jgdrathcrmslly amered. Rounded and partly esnbaye,d
quartz phenocryst5 are aonrinon: traces o J polapskms kW5par occur as
rosAmnwnts on mkrofrxNrm. PwpyHdc ailerallon urns In9mriplete
and awls of the plagbaclrtq F1WTPP"$ retain Ihcir d KaW usdllalary
aeries. UrrmWpgd apophyses or uetnelansar0MMd gra,utatd ec64
have Intrudxd mmarr�mobmed plutonic flocks In sectors C and D, azd
the northern halters or sectors Gard H- curb as at skes h258, 6571,
6682. and 6707 MR. 2, so€lors ❑ and HI The unmelamarphosed
wgiIn ilic hornUundu quern mo nite 4 mIc G6101i (fig- 2, snclor Jl
,,,a, kkwidierl ULogOy tin rho baab of r6ar lwjosems rarsgng In tim
from cobbles to large boulder
Metamorphosed porphyrlllc daclre stock F-ambrlan4 or Mao-
prvaeromok}--Rock commonly contains pLNWasoa pheFKxry;i5 in a
reatrix of plagkKlmre ord kaer quaz12; nn po4ssabm ("par ass
rotookz& 1. £pidot—ich rack is A locally abundant Aorarian plwt a. Nu
outcrops were found: dlsinbullon was Inferred iron aonkmaet Roar
cobbles and a kx,a1 area oI ogwnz•nch soil. Frobably assoclated
mWme-Wh veins cut nearby Reedy @ranch Tuff RgRW r%t Ihm these
rusk arc p7pb*><y sKrvng4 ikmn ihaL wnic
Qvertx•�oAle•hamfels-snkantC rock W)ecltan complexes ♦ qea-
pzoierozDkc-Vok&Wc rock hornfeh col W mWlple apop)yses of
hrre akked plulonke rock arrd rmntourdy lexIttred porp Wry: unnLslve
cxnpomril ww equal or exceed homfels and volcanic rock. Fxcelknf
v-p46 ucs of Gnc valnal gowiz d rw In enact 6ndi thnr lww mi,.r
roof rack horafek end masses, separated by Iwrrdeh s ns, ate
present Iox 1.25 rnl Q Tirol along the bents of Cane Creek Ln wclor H
IMiRUSME ROCKS
M
CARUCITMITROUS
CAMDOMiA
NMPROTERQ2C1C
�p Am
KEOPRpFER0E91C
In ms[ve rocks, medtumgidmA, hHOd9onwrphkc gramtlar eo
penphyrWc JNeoproteraaaicl-GcnerRlly silkilled granite. Thyate.
daci+e..hW4*clo;. mxhyoe. mortz mona-w ile. q mrtz nrnPe odiprite.
grrarrs rrran:ogabbyo, graiwar&eritc, acid clmnz dwrriW. rn addition to
pidmary quarsr- ph*xlaw, and pahasshun reldspar, Inelamwo&
minerals fnclode epkdate, blotle- muscovite, and cNxite: graph6c and
ntyameWUc gggrwAIes of quartz and Wdspar are common In some
bmlim. A im woll alpaca wrldowanrl cmmw gwwts-ser:dle tint Ixal
preaokr alteralkoac the IaUer is Irrdtearad * hydrrAheriml IshoUk.
HorriWendc dewelWed locally during metamwphirsm at one site.
Abundant wa9-roek Incktslons and kadotkom In c mposltlm Indkate
that The rocks were modified by a55 miiation cd andesltic Tnaterlal from
11H; walls. Some mapped owslxts were infsrwd rrbm the e,ctom of
ApIAN. Cecil, mxt Hulena. says Il{aeter, 1960) ailh whirls likie ro its
r.� carrelale willII -�prf� GTratllie 171WSkm6 l0 the Cona Ciiw1 Mountains (Nec,
Y�J ow" -Thrice areas of ",pink to IlghH3jw. ntedlum-fux-
sralncd la vwphvrilic. pl,4pa asrrich grartr,phvric gooibc Ihat
pruLnl)ty rrrergc Al rlrrpdr Into a slralkrw plunprk burly: OW-Lr margins
grade into porphyries haw.. apline UraurAffLmses- Feldspar,
predcr inantly sodic plagioclase, kt dominam: pmasslum k4dspw Is
ntosxly incorpwaled in the common myrrTw. w. perihile, and irrmtdar
sranaplwric and swhk irilergFvAhs. Upidolc and puwle ly
rn Lwmr) phaard NuIlk arc prttidni.. We think that Uresc Taaitoid
indmimis we older than the Reedy Branch Turf
Undley Famis Qtmk= rdortaondfe Vgeoproteroaalcj—Medhun• to
emne•gralned Tock consirts of Jightylayqumtz and feldspar and *xM
20 perccrA awis mineral[ In gwin-&A ag mgm= Ihm apri rm bkxk in
hard spodmen, qamo04,,k 1pterm;s conra"K widely rnMmnirowd by
Ow awmiiellon of male wAA rocks- Also itwk des grarWe porphyry and
quartz manmgabbro. Thoroughly saussunlimotd; the greenschlst- to
amphiboike•l.new Iransltkm is indirwal by green amphibole in mmgy
kr W rrsefk mineral oAmwk. UrriLa of w= wnderiniu by this mdv
caa mi 6e Ink-ed rWm Ow A type
- Gabbrole sticks (Neoprotm)zow�-smal bides of gabwo. anon:
monzogabbro- hornblende gm3n2 monnargabbro, donte, and
han*krnde grmm. having chilled margins and acmes of a0mll kited xall
rocl.. r+lWarrrorr>1dc hoentldcrafe. kPkAMe, and FW ly fwrPed RPU's*srt
ifileLgmr are oarcerart; meraakrptiisnr beet wm in amphLWIio! fades.
CuneLiarrn gwrla and myTnwiute are preeem. Omcrap data were
collected Irom areas new Fousi Mine and other brdles dose in the
Snow Camp immi and the fwnhvr dls>nWdon of the rack vas Inferred
hrGrq 1bg prcrwtw gr ci,a*ac+BrlsiiC 4a�•;IJsan, tndck, Pad Iy1sx�Jcrrbwrg
s %Rtamer, 1960r
Schmidt, Robert G., Gumiel, Pablo, and Payas, Alba,
Geologic Map Legend
Robert Christian Reinhardt, PG
2006, Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Snow
Proposed Snow Camp Quarry
Geology • Hydrogeology • Environmental Science
Camp-Saxapahaw Area, Central North Carolina: U.S.
Geological Survey Open -File Report 2006-1259
7620 Mine Valley Road, Raleigh, NC 27615
[e-mail]
RCR Project No. 18-M-14-02
Figure 4A

ar•, - +� i �yY - _ ;- ��i,; 1. .>. .r
N 4 ,'1'�
q d :l i' J'::: -
R
Major Hill fix"
c... .,`'?A.'I r '.
o Proposed Quarry
Structural Block
Location
K .. i'
y
._
Pine Hill Branch
t� f• � Fault Strand
South Fork Fault
k System
-_ � -. - -' ' , ���", 'y ��~��,�, •. .,I ice,, ,'��,, d}. .. r - _ _--1�%1..
•' i
-r
..• fr
�- Parcel Boundary
Lineament -Fracture Trace Approximation
Robert Christian Reinhardt, PG
— — — - Fault Related Fractures
Proposed Snow Camp Quarry
Geology • Hydrogeology • Environmental Science
41
Foliation Related Fractures
7620 Mine Valley Road, Raleigh, NC 27615
[e-mail]
Scale: As Shown
USGS 7.5' Topo Quad
RCR Project No. 18-M-14-02
Figure 5
Snow Camp

ROOK
Approxima
x 7
proxima a 1000' Radius
N v Minin Limit
�Nningl_imi
O K/ f� 5
R
T 1 /�
H 1 /
1 I 4
I I
1 I 1� 1.
1 I 3
t� 2
01 tip
z
rl� C
Approximate
{ Permit Bounder
0PVs-f�nr�.,T
9�
�L
f
i
Scale: 1" = 1,600'
400 800 1200 5 TRL
Parcel ID
Parcel Address
Owner Name
Owner Address
Acres
Well/Septic*
1
102698
CLARK RD
MILLS, STEPHEN D, WENDIE ANN EGGLESTON
PO BOX 520, SNOW CAMP, NC 27349
67.715
No Record
2
102697
262 CLARK RD
JACKSON, NORMAN F JR
PO BOX 740, SNOW CAMP, NC 27349
7.285
No Record
3
102764
9065 WHITEHOUSE CT
MULROONEY, TIMOTHY J, MULROONEY, CELESTE M
9065 WHITEHOUSE CT, SNOW CAMP, NC 27349
10.5
Y / N
4
102769
1732 QUAKENBUSH RD
LEE, BRIAN J & CARRIE T
1732 QUAKENBUSH RD, SNOW CAMP, NC 27349
2.33
No Record
5
102799
1720 QUAKENBUSH RD
CAUSEY, PAMELA A REVOC TRUST
6144 SMITHWOOD RD, LIBERTY, NC 27298
68.92
No Record
6
102733
1503 QUAKENBUSH RD
STUART, DANNY RAY
1503 QUAKENBUSH RD, SNOW CAMP, NC 27349
66
No Record
7
102715
7561 SOUTHBROOK LN
FAIN, MICHAEL T & DANIELLE M
PO BOX 667, SNOW CAMP, NC 27349
9.65
No Record
Parcel Boundary
Properties Within 1,000 Feet
Of Proposed Mining Limit
Proposed Snow Camp Quarry
Robert Christian Reinhardt, PG
Geology • Hydrogeology •Environmental Science
7620 Mine Valley Road, Raleigh, NC 27615
[e-mail]
Scale: As Shown
*Source: Alamance County GIS Database
RCR Project No. 18-M-14-02
Figure 6

Pumping a single well in an
idealized confined aquifer.
Confined aquifers remain
°_. completely saturated during
pumping by wells (saturated
k.r thickness of aquifer remains
unchanged)
r' y Well dischargeA.
I I
I I I I
I � pra�u,.ry I
Pumping a srngie wen in an
idealized unconfined aquifer.
Dewatering occurs in cone of
depression of unconfined
aquifers during pumping by
wells (saturated thickness of
aquifer decreases).
Original ,?rolfid
water level (head%
before pumping
Confining tinik
(bw hydraulk.
C VIIYY
I4 IE
14 IE
I
I Confining
unit
Air
arourldi
gtwi)s
F-1
Well discharge
unsatu{ated zolka
}Valertabtp anclon na
Around-uratar level ,nn.=r-,
before pumping
I a,-
Salurated zom
I
moil,
{' nfirxnq unit
No Scale
Conceptual Groundwater
Flow Pumping From Confined
vs Unconfined Aquifers
Robert Christian Reinhardt, PGo
Geology H dro Environmental
� ' y g eolo � '
Science
7620 Mine Valley Road
Raleigh, NC 27615
[e-mail]
Source:
Alley, W.M., T.E. Reilly, O.L. Franke,
1999: Sustainability of Groundwater
Resources: U.S. Geological Survey
Circular 1186
RCR Project No.: 18-M-14-02 Figure 7