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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCabarrus shots 24-26 7-24-24 Blasting Report Report Number 24 Vumn Quarry: Cabarrus Date 6/18/24 Materials Company Type of shot: Production Material: Granite Time of blast 11:04 AM Material Specific Gravity: 2.81 Material Density(tons/yd): 2.37 Weather Temperature 82 °F Wind from N at 0 mph Conditions Partly Cloudy and Calm Blast Location LAT/LONG (degrees) N 35.409626 W 80.706592 Bench Level 485 Nearest occupied dwelling Location LAT/LONG Location N 35.410319 W 80.710639 (neither owned or leased) I Penske Distance from shot: 1229 feet Direction NW Seismograph Service Provider: I SAULS LAT/LONG Location N 35.410011 W 80.710250 Model: NOMIS Operator: Michael Broadbent Distance from shot: 1096 feet Direction NW Seismograph Location: west Berm V PPV 0.175 ips Air Overpressure 114 dB #Holes per 8ms delay: 1 Max Ibs per delay: 526.39 lbs. Scaled Distance to nearest dwelling: 53.6 EXPLOSIVE Supplier Product Weight lbs.) Bulk Explosives oNo centre Gold 43,411.00 Cap Type Quanti Booster Type QuantityWeight(lbs.) Initiation Systems 30'UNITRONIC DETONATOR 86 112 LS PENTEX 87 44.00 65'UNITRONIC DETONATOR 88 3/4 LB PENTEX 87 6b.00 Product Quantity(cases, rolls,sticks,etc.) Weight(Ibs.,if applicable) Packaged Product Total Explosive Weight: 43,520.00 Ibs. Holes A Avg. Row Hole Size Burden Spacing Benvgch Height Hole Subdrill Deck Length Tons (inches) Row in (feet) (feet) (feet) Depth (feet) (if applicable) ffaetl 1 6 7 1 14 14 46 49 3 5,533 2 6 8 14 14 46 49 3 6,324 3 6 10 14 14 46 49 3 7,905 4 6 10 14 14 46 49 3 7,905 5 6 10 14 14 46 49 3 1 1 7,905 6 6 10 14 14 46 49 3 7,905 7 6 10 14 14 46 49 3 7,905 8 6 10 14 14 46 49 3 7,905 9 6 11 14 14 46 49 3 8,695 Total#of holes: 86 Powder Factor: 1.56 tons/lb Totai: 67,979 tons BLASTER INFORMATION AND COMMENTS Workplace Inspection: YES VI Blaster protection during blast: OUTSIDE BLAST AREA(REMOTE) #of persons on loading crew: 6 Blast mats used:I Comments: Decked hole#14 due to seam. Blaster in charge: LANE BROWN Quarry Superintendant/Designee:1 Justin Fes erman Blaster License#: I U260 SC Blaster Signature: y1,� Superintendant/Designee Signature: VUl[an Detailed Hole Loading Chart Report Number 24 Materials Company Quarry: Cabarrus Date 6/18/24 Explosive weight: 43,520.00 lbs. Gallons of oil (if applicable): gal. (including boosters) Oil weight: lbs. Total explosive weight w/oil: lbs. Hole/Deck Depth Stemming Rise/Air Delay Total pounds per Max pounds per delay 526.39 # (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ms) hole/deck 1 49 14 5 125 464.46 Typical Hole Diagram 2 49 12 5 100 495.43 3 49 12 5 75 495.43 4 49 13 5 50 479.94 Stemming 5 49 12 5 34 495.43 Type: 67 6 49 12 5 25 495.43 7 49 14 5 0 464.46 Amount(minimum) 8 _ 49 15 5 42 448.98 _ 9 _ 49 15 5 109 448.98 T PLUS 50% OF BROKEN UP 10 51 18 5 151 433.50 11 51 16 5 176 464.46 12 51 16 5 268 464.46 13 51 16 5 360 464.46 14 51 30 0 452 325.12 15 51 18 5 569 433.50 16 51 19 5 661 418.01 17 49 11 5 217 510.91 18 49 11 5 192 510.91 19 49 11 5 167 510.91 20 49 11 5 142 510.91 Length of Hole(feet) 21 49 11 5 117 510.91 22 49 11 5 92 510.91 49 23 49 11 5 67 510.91 24 49 11 5 309 510.91 25 49 11 5 284 610.91 26 49 11 5 259 510.91 27 49 12 5 234 495.43 28 49 11 5 209 510.91 29 49 11 5 184 510.91 30 49 11 5 159 510.91 31 49 12 5 134 495.43 32 49 11 5 401 510.91 33 49 11 5 376 510.91 34 49 11 5 351 510.91 _ 35 49 11 5 326 510.91 36 49 11 5 301 510.91 37 49 11 5 276 510.91 38 49 11 5 251 510.91 39 49 11 5 226 510.91 40 49 11 5 201 510.91 41 49 11 5 493 510.91 42 49 11 5 468 510.91 Floor Elevation (feet) 43 49 11 5 443 510.91 44 49 11 5 418 510.91 46 45 49 11 5 393 510.91 46 49 11 5 368 510.91 Sub-drill (feet) 47 49 11 5 343 510.91 48 49 11 5 318 510.91 3 49 49 11 5 293 510.91 50 49 11 1 5 51 510.91 Vulcan Detailed Hole Loading Chart Report Number 24 heecertsiac �v Quarry: Cabarrus Date 6/18/2024 Hole/Deck Depth Stemming Rise/Air Delay Total pounds per # ft ft. ft. ms hole/deck _ 51 _51_ 12 5 560 526.39 52 51 12 5 535 526.39 _ 53 51 12 5 510 526.39 54 _ 51 12 5 485 526.39 _ 55 _ 51 12 5 460 526.39 56 51 12 5 435 526.39 57 51 12 5 410 526.39 58 51 12 5 385 526.39 59 51 12 5 677 526.39 60 51 12 5 652 526.39 61 51 12 5 627 526.39 62 51 12 5 602 526.39 63 51 13 5 577 510.91 64 51 12 5 552 526.39 65 51 12 5 527 526.39 66 51 12 5 502 526.39 67 51 12 5 477 526.39 68 51 12 5 794 526.39 69 51 12 5 769 526.39 70 51 12 5 744 526.39 71 51 12 5 719 526.39 72 51 13 5 694 510.91 73 51 12 5 669 526.39 74 51 12 5 644 526.39 75 51 12 5 619 526.39 76 51 12 5 594 526.39 77 51 12 5 911 526.39 78 51 12 5 886 526.39 79 51 12 5 861 526.39 80 51 12 5 836 526.39 81 51 13 5 811 510.91 82 51 12 5 786 526.39 83 51 12 5 761 526.39 84 51 12 5 736 526.39 85 51 12 5 711 526.39 86 51 13 5 686 510.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 _ 0.00 _ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A/ 3a,yogl o Shot Grid ?l W $' e s9 2- PREDICTED SCALE DISTANCE: �✓ SHOT GRID COORDINATES: DISTANCE TO NEAREST DWELLING: zt DIRECTION TO NEAREST DWELLING: ,AJ r �s^ n' ?" C) r M h � osZ� t=J'� _ J 00 D c `'ate lrtJ'°� ® n� �: ° �Q c�Cffi� c'l� Sauls Seismic, LLC Nouns Seismographs.Inc. Company: WLCAN. CABARRUS QUARRY r4116 Unit N:11034 6/18/2024 at 11:04:34 Event#2433 Location:250 ODELL SCHOOL RD 35 410012 -80.710271 Operator.Michael Broadbent Notes: Record Duration:3.0 sec Sample Rate: 1024/.sec Distance:n/a Wgt. Per Delay:n/a Scaled Distance:n1a Last Calibration 17Aug23 Seismic Air Gain: 1 Trigger:0.0300 in/s Gain: 1 Air Trigger: 120 dBL Channel Radial Transverse Vertical Measurement Value Trigger>>>Peak Velocity(ints) 0.1200 0.1750 0.1050 psi 0.0015233 1124.0 Frequency(Hz) 39.3 42.6 26.9 dBL 114.4 Displacement(in) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0006 Hz 2.2 Acceleration(g's) 0.077 0.121 0.046 Trigger>>>Peak 851.6 835.9 549.8 Waveform Analysis / Frequency Plot Semmin Scale:0.32 inbldiv. USBM Limits(RI 8507, 1980)OSMRE(CFR 30, 1987) Air Scale:0.00131psildiv V'ociTy(irosl R NJ1 �(yew,+1rW '1 � V^i"Krv..•..._n�-,..,,-._ �._.._____.___..`._ .—...�I`l_—. V ?M�t _ _ - 0.1 fi�TTT �pT V RW VV g V A RRR v R V R� VRVRV I 0.01 Os is 2s 3s 1 10 I00 Frequency(Hz) Blasting Report Report Number 25 Vulcan Quarry: Cabarrus Date 6/27/24 Materials Company Type of shot: Production Material: Granite Time of blast 11:16 AM Material Specific Gravity: 2.81 Material Density(tons/yd3): 2.37 Weather I Temperature 79 °F Wind from NE at 10 mph Conditions Cloudy and ---Light Breeze Blast Location LAT/LONG(degrees) N 35.413462 W 80.706344 Bench Level 610 Nearest occupied dwelling _ ocation LAT/LONG Location N 35.415681 W 80.708889 neither owned or leased) I Fisher V Distance from shot: 1108 feet Direction NW !N h Service Provider: DEEP RTH LAT/LONG Location N 35.415861 W 80.707889 Model: NOMIS Operator: Lee Johnson Distance from shot: 988 feet Direction NW Seismo ra h Location: I Cessna Rd SMP PPV 0.305 ips Air Overpressure 120 dB #Holes per 8ms delay: 1 Max Ibs per delay: 728.32 lbs. Scaled Distance to nearest dwelling: 41.0 EXPLOSIVES Supplier Product Weight(lbs. Bulk Explosives oNOS Centre Gold 43,960.00 Cap Type Quantity Booster Type Qu ntity Weight(Ibs.) Initiation Systems 80'UNITRONIC DETONATOR 64 3/4 LB PENTEX e4 48.00 30'UNITRONIC DETONATOR 64 112 LB PENTEX 64 32.00 Product Quantity(cases,rolls,sticks,etc.) Weight(Ibs.,if applicable) Packaged Product Total Explosive Weight: 44,040.00 lbs. BLAST DESIGN Hole Size Holes Burden Spacing Aug' Hoe Subdrill Deck Len Row inches n Bench Height e) (inches) Row (feet) (feet) (feet) g Depth (feet) applicable) gth Tons 1 6 7 14 14 55 58 3 6,616 2 6 7 14 14 55 58 3 6,616 3 6 7 14 14 56 59 3 6,736 4 6 7 14 14 57 60 3 6,856 5 6 7 14 14 58 61 3 6,977 6 1 6 1 7 14 1 14 1 59 1 62 1 3 7,097 7 6 7 14 14 !60 0 63 3 7.217 8 6 7 14 14 0 63 3 7,217 9 6 8 14 14 63 3 8,248 Total#of holes: 64 Powder Factor: 1.44 tons/lb Total: 63,580 tons -BLASTER INF RMATI N A DCOMMENTS Workplace Inspection: YES Blaster protection during blast: OUTSIDE BLAST AREA(REMOTE) V #of persons on loading crew: 6 Blast mats used: NO V Comments: Blaster in charge: LANE BROWN Quarry SuperintendanUDesignee: Justin Fesperman Blaster License#: 0260 SC Blaster Signature: SuperintendanUDesignee Signature: VUI[gn Detailed Hole Loading Chart Report Number 25 Materials Company Quarry: Cabarrus Date 6/27/24 Explosive weight: 44,040.00 lbs. Gallons of oil (if applicable): gal. (including boosters) Oil weight: lbs. Total explosive weight w/oil: lbs. Hole/Deck Depth Stemming Rise/Air Delay Total pounds per Max pounds per delay 728.32 # (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ms) hole/deck 1 63 13 5 _ 786 697.33 Typical Hole Diagram 2_ _ 63 14 5 669 661.83 3 63 14 5 552 681.83 4 62 13 5 435 681.83 W Stemming 5 61 13 5 343 666.33 Type: 67 6 60 13 5 251 650.84 7 59 12 5 159 650.84 _ _ Amount(minimum) 8 58 _ 12 5 67 6_35.3_4 9 58 13 5 0 619.85 T PLUS 50% OF BROKEN UP _ 10 58 12 5 25 635.34 _ 11 _ 58 12 5 _ 50 635.34 _ 12_ 58 12 5 175 635.34 13 _ _ 58 12 5 100 _ 635.34 14 58 12 5 125 635.34 15 58 12 5 150 635.34 16 58 1 10 5 92 666.33 _ 17 58 10 5 117 666.33 18 58 10 5 142 666.33 19 58 10 5 167 666.33 20 58 10 5 192 666.33 Length of Hole (feet) 21 58 11 5 217 650.84 22 59 10 5 184 681.83 58'-63' 23 59 10 5 209 681.83 24 59 10 5 234 681.83 30' Unitronic 25 59 10 5 259 681.83 1/2# Pentex 26 59 10 5 _284 681.83 27 59 11 5 309 666.33 28 60 10 5 276 697.33 29 60 10 5 301 697.33 30 60 10 5 326 697.33 31 60 10 5 351 697.33 32 60 10 5 376 697.33 33 60 11 5 401 681.83 34 61 11 5 368 697.33 35 61 11 5 393 697.33 36 61 11 5 418 697.33 37 61 11 5 443 Of33 38 61 11 5 468 _ 697.33_ 39 61 11 5 493 697.33 80' Unitronic 40 62 12 5 _460_ _ _ 697._33 3/4# Pentex 41 62 11 5 485 712.82 42 62 11 5 510 712.82 Floor Elevation (feet) 43 62 11 5 535 712.82 44 62 11 5 660 712.82 55'-60' 45 62 11 5 585 712.82 _ 46 63 12 5 577 712.82 Sub-drill (feet) 47 63 11 5 602 728.32 48 63 12 5 627 712.82 3 49 63 12 5 652 712.82 _ 50 63 12 5 677 712.82 VuIean Detailed Hole Loading Chart Report Number 25 MalarOls Company Quarry: Cabarrus Date 6/27 /2024 Hole/Deck Depth Stemming Rise/Air Delay Total pounds per # ft. ft. ft. ms hole/deck 51 63 11 5 702 728.32 52 63 _ 12 -- 5 __694 _ __ 712.82 _ _ 53 63 11 6 _ 719 728.32 54 63 14 5 744 __ 681.83 55 63 12- 5 766 712.82 _ 56 _63 '-----11- -- 5 -794 728.32 ---_ 57 63_-_ -_-11 5 - 819_ 728.32 _811__ 712.82 _ 59 63 _ 12_ _ 5 __836__ 112.82 _ __ 61 - _ 63 13 5 886 697.33_ 62 _ - 63 --- 12 - --5 -911 --- ----712.82 - 63 63 11 5 936_ 728.32 64 _ _63 _11 i 5 961 726.32 - --- - ---- ---0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 _ 0.00 -- 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -_ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 _ 0.00 -_-_ 0.00 0.00 0.00 _ 0.00 _ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00___ 0.00 _ 0.60 0.00 -------0.00 -- - - - ------ ----0.00 --- 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 _ - -_- 0.00 - - ------ - -- ---_ 0.00 - --- ------- --- _ 0.00 - ------- ---- 0.00 - Shot Grid .c91�i.�!l�tJ(n1 PREDICTED SCALE DISTANCE: SHOT GRID COORDINATES: DID DIRECTION TO NEAREST DWELLING: S� l7p. 6 Q Q f CJ 09 AIN CS cr �J^=�i�yr�.�_\!.� ��' V/QI tlx:/ I �`iiR� ��If _ �®✓ `II.j(�l ` � - MIA lz g/ C I � ' owe T _ OeepEarth L O G I C Vulcan Materials: Cabarrus Number:002 Loc: CessnandSMP Date: 0 24 Seismograph Time:e: 11:16 Seismograph GPS: 35d24m57.10sN,80d42m28.40sW White Mini-Seis SN:3759 Deep Earth Logic: John Babcock (540-974-1029) Seis.Trigger:0.0250 in/sec Air Trigger: 126.4 Sample Rate: 1024 Duration:6.0 Seconds Pre-Trigger:0.50 Seconds Gain:2.Ox Voltage:6.8 Peaks and Frequencies Graph Information PPV Maximum: 0.305 in/sec(0.4766 sec) Duration: -0.500 s To: 6.000 s Acoustic: 120 dBL @ 2.6 Hz(1.0771 sec) Acoustic Scale: 126 dBL Radial: 0.305 in/sec @ 26.9Hz(0.4766 sec) Seismic Scale: 0.40 in/sec(0.100 in/sec/div) Vertical: 0.290 in/sec @ 23.2Hz (0.4502 sec) Time Intervals: 1.00 sec Transverse: 0.190 in/sec @ 17.6Hz(0.8760 sec) Acceleration: 0.152 g Displacement: 0.00246 in Last Calibration Date: 5/24/2024 Cal 0.96 OK A jjy Cal 0.500 OK R Cal 0.500 OK V Cal 0.500 OK T -0.50 0.50 1.50 2.50 3.50 4.50 5.50 Particle Velocity Versus Frequency- OSM Limits (CFR 30, 1987) 10 Radial 10 10 Transverse 1.0 1.0- 1.0 x � xx x x �� � xx A ,�c x x Ax x X AX X ' ), x 0.10 �cX xxx 0.10 x XXX X 0.10 x X xx xx x x xc X X xx x X XXx x xX* x xxxxx xx x X x x X X x X )X X X xXxX X= X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X X( XX X X X X X X X X X Xx XX" X X =X( X XXX X XX X X 0.011 10 100 0.011 10 100 0.011 10 100 Frequency(Hz) Whito M itnRaraiva Blasting Report Report Number 26 UUI[nn Quarry: Cabarrus Date 7/3/24 Materials Company Type of shot: Production Material: Granite Time of blast 10:01 AM Material Specific Gravity: 2.81 Material Density(tons/yd3): 2.37 Weather Temperature 80 °F Wind from N at 0 mph Conditions Partly Cloudy and Calm Blast Location LAT/LONG(degrees) N 35.413160 W 80.702220 Bench Level 539 Nearest occupied dwelling Location LAT/LONG Location N 35.417744 W 80.702389 neither owned or leased Souck . Distance from shot: 1673 feet Direction NW Seismograph Service Provider: SALILS LAT/LONG Location N 35.417164 W 80.701750 Model: NOMIS Operator: Michael Broadbent Distance from shot: 1467 feet Direction NE Seismograph Location: Back Gate PPV 0.070 ips Air Overpressure 114 dB #Holes per Elms delay: 1 Max Ibs per delay: 487.18 lbs. Scaled Distance to nearest dwelling: 75.8 EXPLOSIVES Supplier Product Weight(Ibs.) Bulk Explosives ONOS centre cold 20,486.00 Ca T e QuantityBoosterT a Quantit Weight(Ibs.) Initiation Systems 30'UNITRONIC DETONATOR 43 t/2 LB Pl N 43 22.00 50-UNITRONIC DETONATOR 43 3/4 LB PENTEX 43 32.00 Product Quantity(cases, rolls,sticks,etc.) Weight(Ibs.,if applicable) Packaged Product Total Explosive Weight: 20,540.00 lbs. Avg.BLAST DESIGN Row Hole Size Hanes Burden Spacing BenchvHeight Hole Subdrill Deck Length Tons (inches) Row (feet) (feet) (feet) Depth (feet) (f applicable) 1 6 8 14 14 41 44 3 5,636 2 6 7 14 14 41 44 3 4,932 3 6 7 14 14 41 44 3 4,932 4 6 7 14 14 41 44 3 4,932 5 6 7 14 14 41 44 3 4,932 6 6 7 14 14 41 44 1 3 4,932 Total#of holes: 43 Powder Factor: 1,47 tons/lb Total: 30,295 tons _ BLASTER INFORMATION AND COMMENTS Workplace Inspection:1 YES V Blaster protection during blast. OUTSIDE BLAST AREA(REMOTE) V #of persons on loading crew: 5 Blast mats used: No Comments: Blaster in charge: LANE BROWN Quarry Superintendant/Designee: Justin Fesperman Blaster License#: 0260 SC Blaster Signature: Superintendant/Designee Signature: �� _ Vulcan Detailed Hole Loading Chart Report Number 26 MawisisCompany Quarry: Cabarrus Date 7/3/24 Explosive weight: 20,540,00 lbs. Gallons of oil (if applicable): gal. (including boosters) Oil weight: lbs. Total explosive weight w/oil: lbs. Hole/Deck Depth Stemming Rise/Air Delay Total pounds per Max pounds per delay 487.18 # (ft.) (ft.) (ft.) (ms) hole/deck 1 44 11 3 477 471.46 Typical Hole Diagram _ 2_ 44 11 3 385 471.46 3 44 11 3 293 471.46 4 44 11 3 176 471.46 Stemming 5 44 11 3 109 471.46 Type: 67 6 44 11 3 42 471.46 .+► 7 44 17 3 0 377.17 { Amount(minimum) 8 44 13 3 25 440.03 9 44 11 3 50 471.46 T PLUS 50% OF BROKEN UP 10 44 14 F3j 75 440.03 11 44 11 100 471.46 12 44 12 125 455.75 _ 13 44 10 67 487.18 14 44 10 92 487.18 15 44 10 3 117 487.18 16 44 10 3 142 487.18 17 44 10 3 167 487.18 18 44 10 3 134 487.18 19 44 10 3 159 487.18 20 44 10 3 184 487.18 Length of Hole (feet) 21 44 10 3 209 487.18 22 44 11 3 234 471.46 44 23 44 10 3 226 487.18 24 44 10 3 251 487.18 OMS 25 44 10 3 276 487.18 26 44 10 3 301 487.18 27 44 10 3 326 487.18 28 44 10 3 318 487.18 29 44 10 3 343 487.18 30 44 10 3 368 487.18 _ 31 44 10 3 393 487.18 32 44 10 3 418 487.18 33 44 10 3 410 487.18 34 44 10 3 _ 435 487.18 35 44 10 3 460 _ 487.18 _ 36 44 10 3 485 487.18 37 44 10 3 510 487.18 38 44 10 3 502 487.18 39 44 10 3 527 487.18 OMS _40 44 10 3 552 487.18 41 44 10 _ 3 577 487.18 42 44 10 3 602 487.18 Floor Elevation (feet) 43 44 12 3 201 455.75 0.00 41 0.00 0.00 Sub-drill (feet) 0.00 0.00 3 0.00 0.00 Shot Grid PREDICTED SCALE DISTANCE: SHOT GRID COORDINATES: _ 4 DISTANCE TO NEAREST DWELLING: �J ECTI N TO NEAREST DWELLING: :Z6 fq 404L 00 �-?e vi 17( UN f S �I10 4,15� yG� S rj 1177 Zs -2LA 4eZ2.U L . 53cN Sauls Seismic, LLC Nomis Seismographs. v4.1.1.6 Company: VULCAN CABARRUS QUARRY Unit#: 13.575 _ _ _ 7/3/2024 at 10:0_1:19 Event # 112 sA17163,-80.af017 _ Operator.-Michael Broadbent Location: BACK GATE 35.417163,-80.701753 P Record Duration: 3.0 sec Notes: Sample Rate. 1024,vec Distance:n/a Wgt.Per Delay:n/a Scaled Distance. n/a l Last Calibration: 04.1on24 Seismic Air Gain: 2 Trigger: 0.0300 ids Gain: 1 Air Trigger: 125 dB Channel Radial Transverse Vertical Measurement Value Trigger>>>Peak Velocity(in/s) 0.0575 0.0700 0.U575 psi 0.0014870 1221.7 Frequency(Hz) 12.1 26.9 21.3 dBL 114.2 Displacement(in) 0.0008 0.0004 0.0004 Hz 4.6 Acceleration(g's) 0.011 0.031 0.020 Trigger>>>Peak 341.8 353.5 525.4 Waveform Analysis / Frequency Plot USBM Limits(RI 8507, 1980)OSMRE(CFR 30, 1987) Seismic Scale:0.08 ixlsldiv Air Scale:0.00232 psi/div Vtlncity(in�sl 1 i 1 V - - 0.1 . . O V T TF TT Y/ �LVR V* TTfi T T V N V IR vT T{i t T T A V VRV R . T V ? RTVT O¢yR Yg R _ I 0.0 R R VR Rr T R?T W T Os is 2s 3s 1 10 100 Frequencv(Hz)