20240122_WOTUS_Review

DAVEY
Resource Group
January 19, 2024
Mr. Tony Johnson
Vulcan Materials Company
11020 David Taylor Drive, Suite 400
Charlotte,NC 28262
Dear Mr. Johnson:
Subject: Limited Desktop and On-Site Review for Waters of the United
States VMC Enka Quarry—Proposed Expansion Area
This letter report summarizes the results of a Limited Desktop and On-site Review for Waters of the US
(WOTUS)conducted by Davey Resource Group, Inc. (DRG)on behalf of Vulcan Materials Company
(Vulcan),within the area designated as Project Area(Lat: 35.5383683939,Long: -82.6778394188),
approximately 12.5 acres(see attached Figure 1). Per your direction,DRG performed a Limited Desktop
and On-site Review for WOTUS to provide an opinion on the presence or absence of potential
jurisdictional aquatic features within the defined Project Area. DRG Staff visited the site on January 16,
2024.Our on-site evaluation included limited assessments of the three parameters(soils,hydrology,and
vegetation)that identify the limits of jurisdictional wetlands as defined in the 2012 Regional Supplement
to the Corps of Engineers(COE)Wetland Delineation Manual: Eastern Mountains and Piedmont Region
(Version 2.0)and NC DWQ Stream Identification Form Version 4.11.
The following is a summary of our findings.
DRG reviewed supporting information from publicly available databases to identify potential WOTUS
within the Project Area.According to the online and published sources of the Natural Resources
Conservation Service(NRCS)Buncombe County Soil Survey the Project Area is comprised entirely of
non-hydric soils.
Neither the historical Buncombe County Soil Survey or the National Wetlands Inventory(NWI)show
evidence of WOTUS within the Project Area.
No NHD (National Hydrography Dataset) features or FEMA National Flood Hazard Layer(NFHL)were
located within the Project Area.
DRG queried the COE-developed Antecedent Precipitation Tool (APT)to gain an understanding of
typical climate conditions in the Project Area vicinity.The APT is used to demonstrate typical versus
atypical climatic conditions for the Project Area.The analysis indicated the on-site visit on January 16,
2024 was conducted during a period that was above normal precipitation range for the 30-day rolling
total.The APT indicates approximately 5+inches of rainfall occurred in the previous seven to ten days
prior to our January 16,2024 on-site visit, but no prescription within 48 hours of our on-site visit.The
overall analysis indicated the on-site visit was conducted during normal climatic conditions.
Daveyresourcegroup.com/Carolinas•Phone:[phone]
3101 Poplarwood Court,Suite 120,Raleigh,NC 27604

DAVEY IL
Resource Group
Based upon observations noted at the time of our limited on-site review, it is our opinion that the Project
Area consists entirely of upland with no WOTUS observed. Please refer to the attached Photo Location
and Field Data Map,COE Data Form,NC DWQ Stream ID Forms, and Photo Log depicting the Project
Area.
The results of our findings are our best professional judgment at the time of the desktop,current WOTUS
regulations, and on-site review.These findings are only to be considered preliminary and are for planning
purposes only,as our findings have not been verified by any regulatory agency.
DRG appreciates the opportunity to provide you with this letter report and assist you with your project. If
you have any questions regarding this report,please feel free to contact Kevin Thomas at(410)259-4745
or kevin.thomasna Davey.com.Thank you for allowing DRG the opportunity to assist you with this
evaluation.
Sincerely,
Kevin Thomas,PWS&LSS Nick Dominic
Principal Consultant Environmental Scientist
Davey Resource Group,Inc.
www.daveyresourcegroup.com
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Attachments Included:
• Figures 1 —7(Desktop Review Figures and Field Data Map)
• Antecedent Precipitation Tool Figure;
• Photo Log;
• COE Wetland Determination Data Form; and
• NC DWQ, Stream Identification Forms
Daveyresoureegroup.com/Carolinas•Phone:[phone]
3101 Poplarwood Court,Suite 120,Raleigh,NC 27604

Date Saved:
s 1/12/202410:15 AM
Date Exported:
1/12/202410:15 AM
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35.5387241552eN
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_ Project kea
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VMC Enka Quarry 0 375 750 1,500 2,250 3,000 N
Feet
DANEY Figure 3: Aerial Map l inch elwis 750 feet
Sole Applies to Tabled(11.17')Print
Resource Group Buncombe
Co,stigatlon;Waters of the United States
BunWmbe Co NC

Map Symbol Unit Description Hydric Status Aaes i• , �. _ +; �,.'t Date Swed:
Mry�n I4, 1/12/2024 10:15 AM
CkC2 Clifton day bam,8-15%slopes,moderately eroded No 0.6 ® 0fD - � .;r - - -
EVD2 Evard-Cowee coplex,15-30%slopes,moderately eroded No 0.2 ®dhlf !l' — v �^ _ Date Exposed:
Pt Pits,quarry 4f, 11.7 - - _,w i� ,F 1/121202410:19 AM
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ENV
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Center
Coordinates;
82.;71281tes;
°W
35.5387241552°N
1 rr
Watershed
Information
HUC 8 Name:Upper
French Broad
10: 55010105
HUC 0 y i HUC 12:03
f -
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Hominy Creek
Uukun
idatcrials Company
Legend
Project Area
Quarry Boundary
Sail Unit
VMC Enka Quarry 0 375 750 1,500 2,250 3,000 N
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Sale Applies to Tabloid(11-17")Pdnt
Resource Group Buncombe
Co, tigatlon;WatersoftheUnitedttates
Buncombe Co,NC

MaPSymbal Unit Descripuan Hydrie Status Aaea
CkC2 Clifton day bum,8-15%slopes,moderately eroded No 0.6 1/12/2024 10:15 AM
- -
EvD2 Evard-Cowee coplex,15-30%slopes,moderately eroded No 0.2 `•UtE Us ( ' i r Date UrE Exported:
-_—._-. • ValM1 1/12/202410:20
Pf Pits,quarry No 11.7 - --- - "'— - - — � Sources:
TBO '-- .r•'Y•. 1. USDA,NRCS Soil
Survey Geographic
TpB (S$URGD)Database
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82.6712815816°W
ux Creek i1 ! ,. 35.5387241552°N
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IMormatlon
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French Broad
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Hominy Creek
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Project Arear—'E161 �.. ...II ° •s
carry Bounds
VMC Enka Quarry 0 375 750 1,500 2,250 3,000
nN
Feet
DAVEY . Figure 4b: Published Soils Map 1 Inch equals 70feet e
Scale Applies to Tabloid(11.17')Point
Resource Group Ecological Investigation;Waters of the United States
Buncombe CD,NC

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,� 1 i P ` :yq4 ♦•a'.. - '� "4-:e--.--+^ '�'i�•wt _,l�o� a( F 1 4F�T r 82.6712815816-W
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VMC Enka Quarry 0 375 750 1,500 2.250 3,000 N
DAVEYJM. Figure 5: NWI, NHD, FEMA Map 1 Inch e0uals 750 met N
Feet n
Co,N
Resource Group Ecological Investigation;Waters of the United States Scale Applies to Tabloid(11.1T)Pont
Buncombe Co,NC

1 Date Saved:
1/12/202410:15 AM
Date Exported:
1/1 212 02 4 10:33 AM
Souam:
1.NC Spatial Data
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Watershed
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HUC 3 Name:Upper
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at
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DAVEY . Figure 6: LiDAR DEM Map Iiam Nuals Feet 750 feet A
Sole Applies to T3bad(11-17')Print
Resource Group Ecologiol
Buncombe Co,NC

Date Saved:
1/12/2024 11:23 AM
Date Ex :
1/18/20224433:29 PM
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82.6712815816°W
35.5387241552°N
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HUC :06010105
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VMC Enka Quarry 0 375 750 1,500 2,250 3,000 N
Feet
DAY EY . Figure 7: Photo Location and Field Data Map 1 inch eauals750dfeet
(1 A
Sole Apples to Tabloid(11.17')Print
Resource Group Ecological Investigadon;Waters of the United States
Buncombe Co,INC

Antecedent Precipitation vs Normal Range based on NOAA's Daily Global Historical Climatology Network
— Daily Total
~� — 30-Day Rolling Total
8 2024-01-16 30-Year Normal Range
7
6
fn
C
V 5
C
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4—
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Cr- 3-
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2023- 7
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Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2024 2024 2024 2024 2024
Coordinates 35.542395,-82.680679 30 Days Ending 30-%Ile (in) 700%Ile (In) Observed(in) Wetness Condition Condition Value Month Weight Product
Observation Date 2024.01-16 222401-16 2.785433 4.131496 8.358268 Wet 3 3 9
Elevation(RI 2105,288 2023-12-17 2.176772 4.128347 2.811024 Normal 2 2 4
Drought Index(PDSO Not available 2023-11-17 1.564173 3.796851 0.602362 Dry 1 1 1
WelrWIMP H2O Balance Wet Season Result I Normal Conditions-14
Weather Station Name Coordinates Elevation(R) Distance(mi) Elevation A Weighted A Days Normal Days Antecedent
sauree and tables made by the
Antecedent Preapnauon Tool CANDLER 1 W 35.5453.-82.6986 2240.158 1.027 134.87 0.601 11300 84
US Army Corps VMwa 2.0 CANDLER 1.3 N 35.5546.-82.693 2224.081 0.716 16.077 0.334 12 5
of Engineers. CANDLER 1.9 NE 35.5586,-82.6722 2229.987 1.746 10.171 0.803 1 0
Developed C.S_Ater;Corps ofEn¢meers and
ENKA 35.5408,-82.6536 2049.869 2.549 190.289 1.632 29 0
LS-Army Eel and BENT CREEK 35.5044,-82.5967 2109.908 6.389 130.25 3,707 30 0
'ERDC
-� Daelopin tCenrnr Linear Interpolation N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 1

Vulcan Enka Quarry—Mine Expansion Area Photo Log
DAVEY .
DRG Project#: ENV0001112 Resource Group
Photo Site #I Typical Site Conditions Photo Site#2 Typical Site Conditions
Photo Site #3 Typical Site Conditions Photo Site#4 Typical Site Conditions
Note: All photos taken January 16, 2024.

Vulcan Enka Quarry — Mn Expansion Area Photo Log «\
DaVEY-
n oPrAe% EN v mee Resource Group
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Photo Site r Typical Site Dom;_ ym1
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All photos taken January 2024.

Vulcan Enka Quarry — Mine Expansion Area Photo Log y
DAVEY
DRG Project#: ENV0001112 Resource Group
c
n
`( P-I ,oils SCP-2 soils
"-'P6i:'ICY
A'
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1 N ' Yy
DP-1 UP Upland Soils
Note: All photos taken January 16,2024.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers OMB control#:0710-xarxn,Exp:Pending
WETLAND DETERMINATION DATA SHEET—Eastern Mountains and Piedmont Region Requirement Control Symbol EXEMPT.,
See ERDC/EL TR-07-24;the proponent agency is CECW-CO-R (authority:AR 335-15,paragraph 5-2a)
Project/Site: VMC Enka Mine Expansion Area City/County: Enka/Buncombe Sampling Date: 1/16/2024
Applicant/Owner: Vulcan Materials Company/Tony Johnson State: NC Sampling Point: DP 1 UP
Investigator(s): Kevin Thomas,PWS&NC LSS&Nick Dominic Section,Township,Range: Enka,NC
Landform(hillside,terrace,etc.): Hillslope Local relief(concave,convex,none): None Slope(%): 5
Subregion(LRR or MLRA): LRR N Lat: 35.540139 Long:-82.679502 Datum: NAD 83
Soil Map Unit Name: Pits,Quarry NWI classification: N/A
Are climatic/hydrologic conditions on the site typical for this time of year? Yes X No (If no,explain in Remarks.)
Are Vegetation No ,Soil No ,or Hydrology No significantly disturbed? Are"Normal Circumstances"present? Yes X No
Are Vegetation No ,Soil No ,or Hydrology No naturally problematic? (If needed,explain any answers in Remarks.)
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS—Attach site map showing sampling point locations,transects, important features,etc.
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes X No Is the Sampled Area
Hydric Soil Present? Yes No X within a Wetland? Yes No X
Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes No X
Remarks:
The Antecedent Precipitation Tool(APT)indicated,at the time of the field observations,the site was recovering from a drought during November
and December.However,due to 5+inches of rainfall in the previous 7 days the weighted average indicated conditions at the time of observations
were normal,trending towards wetter conditions.
HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology Indicators: Secondary Indicators(minimum of two required)
Primary Indicators(minimum of one is required:check all that apply) _Surface Soil Cracks(B6)
Surface Water(Al) True Aquatic Plants(1314) _Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface(B8)
High Water Table(A2) Hydrogen Sulfide Odor(Cl) _Drainage Patterns(610)
Saturation(A3) Oxidized Rhizospheres on Living Roots(C3) _Moss Trim Lines(1316)
Water Marks(61) Presence of Reduced Iron(C4) _Dry-Season Water Table(C2)
_Sediment Deposits(132) Recent Iron Reduction in Tilled Soils(C6) _Crayfish Burrows(C8)
Drift Deposits(133) Thin Muck Surface(C7) _Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery(C9)
Algal Mat or Crust(84) Other(Explain in Remarks) _Stunted or Stressed Plants(D1)
Iron Deposits(65) Geomorphic Position(D2)
Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery(67) Shallow Aquitard(D3)
Water-Stained Leaves(69) Microtopographic Relief(134)
Aquatic Fauna(B13) X FAC-Neutral Test(D5)
Field Observations:
Surface Water Present? Yes No x Depth(inches):
Water Table Present? Yes No x Depth(inches):
Saturation Present? Yes No x Depth(inches): Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes No X
includes capillary fringe)
Describe Recorded Data(stream gauge,monitoring well,aerial photos,previous inspections),if available:
Remarks:
ENG FORM 6116-4-SG,JUL 2018 Eastern Mountains and Piedmont—Version 2.0

VEGETATION(Four Strata)-Use scientific names of plants. Sampling Point: DP 1 UP
Absolute Dominant Indicator
Tree Stratum (Plot size: 30 ) %Cover Species? Status Dominance Test worksheet:
1. Platanus occidentalis 50 Yes FACW Number of Dominant Species
2. Fraxinus pennsylvanica 20 Yes FACW That Are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 5 (A)
3. Total Number of Dominant
4. Species Across All Strata: 7 (B)
5. Percent of Dominant Species
6. That Are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 71.4% (A/B)
7. Prevalence Index worksheet:
70 =Total Cover Total%Cover of: Multiply by:
50%of total cover: 35 20%of total cover: 14 OBL species x 1 =
Sapling/Shrub Stratum (Plot size: 15 ) FACW species x 2=
1. Platanus occidentalis 20 Yes FACW FAC species x 3=
2. Fraxinus pennsylvanica 15 Yes FACW FACU species x 4=
3. UPL species x 5=
4. Column Totals: (A) (B)
5. Prevalence Index =B/A=
6. Hydrophytic Vegetation Indicators:
7. 1-Rapid Test for Hydrophytic Vegetation
8. X 2-Dominance Test is>50%
9. 3-Prevalence Index is s3.0'
35 =Total Cover 4-Morphological Adaptations'(Provide supporting
50%of total cover: 18 20%of total cover: 7 data in Remarks or on a separate sheet)
Herb Stratum (Plot size: 5 ) Problematic Hydrophytic Vegetation'(Explain)
1. Lonicera japonica 30 Yes FACU 'Indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must
2. Alliaria petio/ata 5 No FACU be present,unless disturbed or problematic.
3. Definitions of Four Vegetation Strata:
4• Tree-Woody plants,excluding vines,3 in.(7.6 cm)or
5. more in diameter at breast height(DBH),regardless of
6 height.
7• Sapling/Shrub-Woody plants,excluding vines,less
8. than 3 in.DBH and greater than or equal to 3.28 ft
9 (1 m)tall.
10. Herb-All herbaceous(non-woody)plants,regardless
11. of size,and woody plants less than 3.28 ft tall.
35 =Total Cover Woody Vine-All woody vines greater than 3.28 it in
50%of total cover: 18 20%of total cover: 7 height.
Woody Vine Stratum (Plot size: 30 )
1. Celastrus orbiculatus 20 Yes FACU
2. Vitis riparia 10 Yes FACW
3.
4.
5.
Hydrophytic
30 =Total Cover Vegetation
50%of total cover: 15 20%of total cover: 6 Present? Yes X No
Remarks:(Include photo numbers here or on a separate sheet.)
ENG FORM 6116-4-SG,JUL 2018 Eastern Mountains and Piedmont-Version 2.0

SOIL Sampling Point: DP 1 UP
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.)
Depth Matrix Redox Features
(inches) Color(moist) 00 Color(moist) % Type Loc Texture Remarks
0-6 10YR 4/3 80 10YR 6/6 20 Loamy/Clayey Loam
6-16 2.5Y 4/3 90 10YR 6/6 10 Loamy/Clayey Gravelly loam
'Type: C=Concentration,D=Depletion,RM=Reduced Matrix,MS=Masked Sand Grains. 21-ocation: PL=Pore Lining,M=Matrix.
Hydric Soil Indicators: Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils3:
Histosol(Al) Polyvalue Below Surface(S8)(MLRA 147,148) 2 cm Muck(A10)(MLRA 147)
_Histic Epipedon(A2) Thin Dark Surface(S9)(MLRA 147,148) Coast Prairie Redox(A16)
_Black Histic(A3) Loamy Mucky Mineral(F1)(MLRA 136) (MLRA 147,148)
Hydrogen Sulfide(A4) Loamy Gleyed Matrix(F2) Piedmont Floodplain Soils(1719)
Stratified Layers(A5) Depleted Matrix(F3) (MLRA 136,147)
_2 cm Muck(A10)(LRR N) Redox Dark Surface(176) Red Parent Material(F21)
—Depleted Below Dark Surface(A11) Depleted Dark Surface(177) (outside MLRA 127,147,148)
Thick Dark Surface(Al 2) Redox Depressions(F8) Very Shallow Dark Surface(F22)
Sandy Mucky Mineral(S1) Iron-Manganese Masses(F12)(LRR N, Other(Explain in Remarks)
_Sandy Gleyed Matrix(S4) MLRA 136)
_Sandy Redox(S5) Umbric Surface(F13)(MLRA 122,136) 3Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and
_Stripped Matrix(S6) Piedmont Floodplain Soils(F19)(MLRA 148) wetland hydrology must be present,
Dark Surface(S7) Red Parent Material(F21)(MLRA 127,147,148) unless disturbed or problematic.
Restrictive Layer(if observed):
Type:
Depth(inches): Hydric Soil Present? Yes No X
Remarks:
Variegated colors due to mottles,not redox
ENG FORM 6116-4-SG,JUL 2018 Eastern Mountains and Piedmont—Version 2.0

NC Division of Water Quality-Methodology for Identification of Intermittent and
Perennial Streams and Their Origins v.4.11
NC DWQ Stream Identification Form Version 4.11
Date:1.16.2024 Project/site:VMC Enka-Mine Expansion Area Latitude:35.538145
Evaluator:Kevin Thomas,PWS&NC LSS/Nick Dominic County:Buncombe Longitude:-82.677840
Total Points: Stream Determination(circle one) Stream ID:
Stream is at least intermittent 11 S C P-1
if>_19 or perennial if>_30* Ephemeral
A. Geomorphology (Subtotal= 5.5 Absent Weak Moderate Strong
1 a.Continuity of channel bed and bank 0 1 •) 20 3
2.Sinuosity of channel along thalweg 0 1 • 2 3
3. In-channel structure:ex.riffle-pool,step-pool, 0 © 1 0 2 3
ri le- ool se uence
4.Particle size of stream substrate 0 1 • 2 3()
5.Active/relict floodplain 0 • 1 20 3
6.Depositional bars or benches 0 • 1 20 3
7.Recent alluvial deposits 0 • 1 2 3
8. Headcuts 0 • 1 20 3
9.Grade control 0 -0 0. • 1 Q 1.5
10.Natural valley 00 1 0. 1 • 1.5
11.Second or greater order channel No=0 • Yes=3
a artificial ditches are not rated;see discussions in manual
B. Hydrology Subtotal
12.Presence of Baseflow 0 10 20 3 Q
13.Iron oxidizing bacteria 0 • 10 20 3
14.Leaf litter 1.50 1 0. • 0
15.Sediment on plants or debris 0 • 0.50 1 1.5
16.Organic debris lines or piles 0 • 0.50 10 1.5
17.Soil-based evidence of high water table? No=0 • Yes=3
C. Biology Subtotal= 5
18.Fibrous roots in streambed 3 2 • 10 0
19.Rooted upland plants in streambed 3 . 2 1 Q 0
20.Macrobenthos(note diversity and abundance) 0 • 1 2 3
21.Aquatic Mollusks 0 • 1 20 3
22.Fish 0 • 0.5C 10 1.5
23.Crayfish 0 • 0.5 1 1.5
24.Amphibians 0 • 0.5 1 1.5
25.Algae 0 • 0.50 10 1.5
26.Wetland plants in streambed FACW=0.75C)OBL=1.500ther=00
*perennial streams may also be identified using other methods.See p.35 of manual.
Notes: Sail - Sapinlite Color=
Sketch:

a
NC Division of Water Quality-Methodology for Identification of Intermittent and
Perennial Streams and Their Origins v.4.11
NC DWQ Stream Identification Form Version 4.11
Date:1.16.2024 Project/Site:VMC Enka-Mine Expansion Area Latitude:35.540125
Evaluator:Kevin Thomas,PWS&NC LSS/Nick Dominic County:Buncombe Longitude:-82.679606
Total Points: Stream Determination(circle one) Stream ID:
Stream is at least intermittent 13 S C P-2
if a 19 or perennial if a 30* Ephemeral
A. Geomorphology Subtotal= 5.5 ) Absent Weak Moderate Strong
la'Continuity of channel bed and bank 0 1 • 20 3
2.Sinuosity of channel along thalweg 0 1 • 2 3
3. In-channel structure:ex.riffle-pool,step-pool, 0 © 1 2 Q 3
ripple-pool sequence
4. Particle size of stream substrate 0 1 • 2 3(j
5.Active/relict floodplain 0 • 1 20 3
6.Depositional bars or benches 0 • 1 2 3
7.Recent alluvial deposits 0 • 1 20 3
8. Headcuts 0 1 • 2 3
9.Grade control 0 • 0. 1 1.5
10.Natural valley 00 0. • 1 0 1.5
11.Second or greater order channel No=0 • Yes=3
a artificial ditches are not rated;see discussions in manual
B. Hydrology Subtotal
12.Presence of Baseflow 0 lO 10 20 3 0
13. Iron oxidizing bacteria 00 1 • 20 3
14.Leaf litter 1.50 1 0. • 0
15.Sediment on plants or debris 0 0 0.50 1 1.5
16.Organic debris lines or piles 0 0 0.50 10 1.5
17.Soil-based evidence of high water table? No=0 • Yes=3
C. Biology Subtotal= 5
18.Fibrous roots in streambed 3 2 • 1 0
•19.Rooted upland plants in streambed 3 2 10 0
20.Macrobenthos(note diversity and abundance) 0 • 1 2 3
21.Aquatic Mollusks 0 0 10 2 3
22.Fish 0 • 0.5 10 1.5
23.Crayfish 0 • 0.5 1 1.5
24.Amphibians 0 • 0.5 10 1.5
•25.Algae 0 +----0.5() 10 1.5
26.Wetland plants in streambed FACW=0.7500BL= 1.500ther=0 0
'perennial streams may also be identified using other methods.See p.35 of manual.
Notes: Approx 80' below beadc'it small seer)witb Ee 09 and small pnols of water
Sketch: