20230523_ADI_Received_Wildlife_Study

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Log Number 4-2-23-367 Comments and
Responses RECEIVED
MAY 2 3 2023
1. Federally Listed Species
Under section 7 of the Act, federal agencies must consult with the U.S. Fish and VV11B PWQWAbITY
(Service)when any action the agency carries out,funds, or authorizes (federal nAklPlV46ai?I hbr a
species listed as threatened or endangered under the Act, or any critical habitat designated for it. It is the
federal action agency's responsibility to make this determination. At this time, it is unclear if the proposed
mine project will have a federal nexus and be subject to section 7 consultation.
If a federal nexus is established, below is a list of species known from Cleveland County that should be
considered in a biological assessment and/or biological evaluation prepared for this project.
Species Status
Dwarf-flowered heartleaf Hexastylis naniflora T
Tricolored bat Perimyods subllavus PE
1 PE= proposed endangered, and T=threatened.
If there is no federal nexus for the proposed activities, then section 7 consultation is not required.
However, section 9 of the Act(Prohibited Acts) (a)(1)(B) still applies and explicitly states that it is
unlawful for any person—including private and public entities—to"take" individuals of an endangered
species and, by regulation, a threatened species (16 U.S.C. §1533(d).
Response: This permit modification is a continuance of the modification approved April 20, 2018,
to allow minimal land disturbance for conducting pre-mine activities such as preparing drilling rig
pads, and associated support areas such as lay-down yards and access paths which may result in
minor land disturbances. Drill pads are approximately 40'x 80'.Access paths may be required from
within the existing internal road network and would not exceed 30' in width. Lay-down areas, as
needed, are proposed not to exceed 100'x 100'. No excavation or mining of materials is included in
this permit modification.A total of 18.5 acres(3.01%)of the 614.31-acre permit area will be affected.
A survey for the Dwarf-flowered heartleaf was conducted on all Albemarle owned property
(approximately 1403 acres)including the East Mine permit area in 2022.Approximately 100 acres of
suitable dwarf-flowered heartleaf habitat are present and were surveyed in the Project area. No
dwarf-flowered heartleaf populations were observed during presence/absence surveys conducted
during the plant's flowering season in 2022.
The Tricolored bat was detected during acoustic surveys on the Albemarle owned property in 2022.
This species is a proposed candidate species. During the spring, summer, and fall, it primarily
roosts among live and dead leave clusters of live and recently dead deciduous hardwoods trees.
During winter it hibernates in caves, culverts, and abandoned water wells. Foraging is both in
treetops and closer to the ground. The proposed permit modification has an affected area of 18.5
acres. Disturbance is limited to herbaceous areas and no large trees will be removed for this permit
modification.The proposed activity will not result in a "take" of this species.
2. Erosion and Sedimentation Control.
Construction activities near aquatic resources, streams, and wetlands have the potential to cause bank
destabilization, water pollution, and water quality degradation if measures to control site runoff are not
properly installed and maintained. In order to effectively reduce erosion and sedimentation impacts, best
management practices specific to the extent and type of construction should be designed and installed
prior to land-disturbing activities and should be maintained throughout construction. Natural fiber matting

(coir) should be used for erosion control as synthetic netting can trap animals and persists in the
environment beyond its intended purpose. Land disturbance should be limited to what can be stabilized
quickly, preferably by the end of the workday. Once construction is complete, disturbed areas should be
revegetated with native riparian grass and tree species as soon as possible. For maximum benefits to
water quality and bank stabilization, riparian areas should be forested; however, if the areas are
maintained in grass,they should not be mowed. The Service can provide information on potential sources
of plant material upon request. A complete design manual that is consistent with the requirements of the
North Carolina Sedimentation and Pollution Control Act and Administrative Rules, can be found at the
following website: https://deg.nc.00v/aboutldivisions/enerov-mineral-land-resources.
Response: Erosion and sediment control has been provided for the proposed activities.This
includes designs consistent with the requirements of the North Carolina Sedimentation and
Pollution Control Act and Administrative Rules.These designs include silt fencing and straw
wattles as indicated on the Mine Map (s). Disturbed areas will be seeded and mulched with the
following native seed mixtures:
North Carolina Steep Slope Mix(ERNMX-310)
Native Habitat Strip Mne Mix(ERNMX-111)
Native Steep Slope Mix with annual rye(ERNMX-181)
Native Steep Slope Mix with grain (ERNMX-181-2)
3. Invasive Exotic Species.
We are concerned about the introduction and spread of invasive exotic
species in association with the proposed project. Without active management, including the
revegetation of disturbed areas with native species, project corridors will likely be sources of(and
corridors for)the movement of invasive exotic plant species. Exotic species are a major
contributor to species depletion and extinction, second only to habitat loss. Exotic species are a
factor contributing to the endangered or threatened status of more than 40 percent of the animals
and plants on the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened IMldlife and Plants.1 It is
estimated that at least 4,000 exotic plant species and 2,300 exotic animal species are now
established in the United States, costing more than $130 billion a year to control.2 Additionally,
the United States Government has many programs and laws in place to combat invasive species
(see www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov). Specifically, Section 2(a)(3)of Executive Order
13112-Invasive Species (February 3, 1999) directs federal agencies to"not authorize, fund, or
carry out actions that it believes are likely to cause or promote the introduction or spread of
invasive species in the United States or elsewhere." Despite their short-term erosion control
benefits, many exotic species used in soil stabilization seed mixes are persistent once they are
established, thereby preventing the reestablishment of native vegetation. Many of these exotic
plants3 are also aggressive invaders of nearby natural areas, where they are capable of displacing
established native species. Therefore, we strongly recommend that only species native to the
natural communities within the project area be used in association with all aspects of this project.
Response: Previous mining activities ended in the 1980's (over 40 years ago), since that time the
permit area has revegetated naturally into forested, and herbaceous uplands and fringe wetlands
on man-made lakes and impoundments. Native seed mixes will be used for erosion and sediment
control.

North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission Permit No. 23-01
Comments and Responses
We have records of the federally proposed endangered tricolored bat(Perimyotis subflavus), state special
concern timber rattlesnake(Crotalus horridus)and seagreen darter(Etheostoma thalassinum) near the
site.The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service also lists the threatened dwarf-flowered heartleaf(Hexastylis
naniflora)and the candidate monarch butterfly(Danaus plexippus)as potentially occurring at the site if
suitable habitat is present. The lack of records from the project area does not imply or confirm the
absence of federal or state protected species; we are unaware of any protected-species surveys having
occurred within or adjacent to the project area. The tricolored bat is known to occur in Cleveland County.
We recommend contacting the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS)to ensure that
any issues related to this species are addressed.
Response:The U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has provided comments on the proposed modification
and have been addressed in a comment-response format. A Threated and Endangered Species
survey was conducted on all Albemarle owned property in 2022(Attached). No federally protected
species were found on the project. However, the Tricolored bat was detected during acoustic
surveys, but its current status is Potential Candidate for listing as Endangered. No state listed
species were observed during the 2022 survey.
1.We recommend maintaining a 50-foot undisturbed, native forested buffer around Executive Club
Lake and South Creek Reservoir because they drain to streams. We prefer maintaining a
minimum 100-foot undisturbed, native,forested buffer along perennial streams, particularly
Kings Creek and its unnamed tributaries. We also recommend maintaining a 50-foot undisturbed,
native forested buffer around wetlands and intermittent streams that occur south of 1-85.
Response: There are no buffer requirements for the river basin and Cleveland County does not
have a buffer requirement. The applicant has proposed a 50' buffer adjacent to wetlands and
waterways and a 25' buffer is proposed adjacent to man-made impoundments for protection of
water resources. In addition, robust sediment and erosion control devices will be utilized for
further protection of water resources.
2.Avoid tree clearing activities during the maternity roosting season for bats(May 15—August 15)
because of the decline in populations of several tree-roosting bat species.
Response: The proposed clearing is limited to herbaceous and brushy/shrubby areas. No large
trees are proposed to be cut as a part of this permit modification.
3.We do not recommend seeding with tall fescue, Kobe lespedeza, lespedeza, Bahiagrass, common
Bermuda,and redtop even though NC Department of Environmental Quality has these species on
their seeding specifications. These species are non-native plants and/or invasive. Instead,we
recommend rye, browntop, oats,wheat, and/or clover for temporary seeding, and native grasses
and other plants for permanent vegetative cover.A list of alternatives to non-native species has
been attached. Specifically,this project would be ideal for planting native,wildflower seed mixes
that will create pollinator habitat within the reclaimed areas.
Response: The proposed seeding has been modified. Disturbed areas will be seeded with the
following native seed mixtures:

r
North Carolina Steep Slope Mix(ERNMX-310)
Native Habitat Strip Mne Mix(ERNMX-111)
Native Steep Slope Mix with annual rye(ERNMX-181)
Native Steep Slope Mix with grain (ERNMX-181-2)
4.The use of biodegradable and wildlife-friendly sediment and erosion control devices is
strongly recommended.Natural fiber matting is recommended over matting made of or
containing plastic that can impinge and entrap small animals. Silt fencing that has been reinforced
with plastic or metal mesh should be avoided as it impedes the movement of terrestrial wildlife
species.
Response: Erosion and sediment control has been provided for the proposed activities.This
includes designs consistent with the with the requirements of the North Carolina Sedimentation
and Pollution Control Act and Administrative Rules.These designs include silt fencing and straw
wattles as indicated on the Mine Map(s).

Federally and State-Listed Species
Report for the Kings Mountain
Lithium Mine, Cleveland County,
North Carolina
DECEMBER 2022
PREPARED FOR
Albemarle U.S., Inc.
PREPARED BY
SWCA Environmental Consultants

FEDERALLY AND STATE-LISTED SPECIES REPORT
FOR THE KINGS MOUNTAIN LITHIUM MINE,
CLEVELAND COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Prepared for
Albemarle U.S., Inc.
348 Holiday Inn Drive
Kings Mountain, North Carolina 28086
Attn: Trevor Chesal
Prepared by
SWCA Environmental Consultants
113 Edinburgh South Drive, Suite 120
Cary, North Carolina 27511
[phone]
www.swca.com
SWCA Project No. 70316
December 2022

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Federally and State-Listed Species Report for the Kings Mountain Lithium Mine, Cleveland County, North Carolina
December 2022
CONTENTS
1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Location........................................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Project Area Description............................................................................................................... 1
2 Methods.................................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Desktop Analysis..........................................................................................................................4
2.2 Field Surveys................................................................................................................................4
3 Results....................................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Habitat..........................................................................................................................................5
3.1.1 Forested Upland..................................................................................................................5
3.1.2 Herbaceous Upland.............................................................................................................6
3.1.3 Palustrine Emergent Wetland.............................................................................................6
3.1.4 Palustrine Forested Wetland...............................................................................................6
3.1.5 Palustrine Shrub-Scrub Wetland.........................................................................................6
3.2 Federally Listed Species...............................................................................................................6
3.2.1 Northern Long-eared Bat....................................................................................................7
3.2.2 Tricolored Bat.....................................................................................................................8
3.2.3 Little Brown Bat.................................................................................................................8
3.2.4 Dwarf-Flowered Heartleaf..................................................................................................8
3.2.5 Monarch Butterfly...............................................................................................................9
3.3 State-Listed Species......................................................................................................................9
3.3.1 Regulatory Background......................................................................................................9
3.3.2 Species List.........................................................................................................................9
4 Summary and Conclusions................................................................................................................17
5 Literature Cited..................................................................................................................................18
Appendices
Appendix A. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Information for Planning and Consultation Resource List
Appendix B.North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Resource Report
Tables
Table 1. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Federally Listed Species with Potential to Occur within the
ProjectArea....................................................................................................................................7
Table 2. State-listed species for Cleveland County and their potential to occur........................................ 10
i

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Federally and State-Listed Species Report for the Kings Mountain Lithium Mine, Cleveland County, North Carolina
December 2022
1 INTRODUCTION
On behalf of Albemarle Corporation(Albemarle), SWCA Environmental Consultants(SWCA)has
prepared an assessment of federally and state-listed species for the Kings Mountain Lithium Mining
Project(Project)located in southeastern Cleveland County,North Carolina.This assessment addresses
plant and animal species protected under the Endangered Species Act of 1973,as amended(ESA),as well
as North Carolina state-listed species protected under Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Wildlife
Species of Special Concern of the State of North Carolina(North Carolina General Statutes 113-331). A
desktop review in combination with field observations were used to determine the potential for listed
plants and wildlife to occur in the Project area.
1.1 Location
The Project is on private land owned or leased by Albemarle and consists of approximately 1,403 acres
(Project area). The Project is located approximately 2 miles south of downtown Kings Mountain,North
Carolina,and is located on the U.S.Geological Survey(USGS) Kings Mountain,North Carolina,
7.5-minute quadrangle(Figure 1). The Project area is divided by Interstate-85(I-85),with the main parcel
on the north side of the highway and two smaller parcels on the south side of the highway. The main
parcel is bordered by South Battleground Avenue(Highway 216), Parkgrace Road,and Tin Mine Road to
the west;Quarry Road to the north;and I-85 to the south and east.
1.2 Project Area Description
The main parcel is mostly developed/disturbed and includes Albemarle's lithium salts and compound
processing facility and Albemarle's Global Technical Center.The west side along South Battleground
Avenue includes an active drive-in theater, remnants of a textile mill,old school building,and
recreational vehicle campground. Five utility rights-of-way(ROWs)cross the northern and central
portions of the parcel.The parcel directly south of I-85 is mostly undeveloped,but previously disturbed
by mining. The Kings Mountain Gateway Trail goes around the northern and eastern boundaries of this
parcel with an access point and parking area off Galilee Church Road.Additionally,three utility ROWs
cross the parcel running northeast—southwest.The Albemarle East Property,east of York Road,is
undeveloped with only a few unpaved roads for access. Undeveloped land in the three parcels consists
primarily of upland forest and wetland habitats.
The Project area is surrounded by residential,commercial,and industrial development to the north,west,
and south(Figure 2). The Martin Marietta mine borders the Project area to the north.To the east is
primarily undeveloped land associated with Crowders Mountain State Park.
1

Federally and State-Listed Species Report for the Kings Mountain Lithium Mine, Cleveland County, North Carolina
December 2022
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KINGS MOUNTNN LRHIUM MME Project Area Cle�e`.und Dmnry,NC
USGS Map
USGS 75 IJWdldpgle:
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Figure 1. Project location.
2

Federally and State-Listed Species Report for the Kings Mountain Lithium Mine, Cleveland County, North Carolina
December 2022
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KINGS"OUNTAIN LITHUM MINE CkuNand County,NC a 2 W
Project Area USGS 7.5,Quadran4e.
Aerial Imagery Mgs Mou,yW1n,NC,350B1-B3 ,
Map NAD 1W3 StuteWane North
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35.21VN87.mB3°W, N
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ssetmo esx:a�^.Is vim 1:70,000
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Figure 2.Aerial imagery of the Project area.
3

Federally and State-Listed Species Report for the Kings Mountain Lithium Mine, Cleveland County, North Carolina
December 2022
2 METHODS
The following categories were used to define the potential for protected species to occur:
• Very low:The Project area is outside the known range of the species or is within the range, but
there is no suitable habitat or the species is historical.
• Low: The Project area is located within the known range of the species,but there is limited
suitable habitat or the species has not been observed in the vicinity.
• Moderate: Known species' range includes the Project area,and suitable habitat is present.
• High:There are known species occurrences within the Project area.
2.1 Desktop Analysis
A preliminary desktop analysis was completed for the Project prior to field surveys by using a
combination of existing information obtained from available public sources, including reports, published
literature,online databases,and geographic information system (GIS)data. The following publicly
available data sources were used to complete a desktop analysis.
• U.S. Geological Survey(USGS)National Land Cover Database(USGS 2019a)
• Natural Resources Conservation Service(NRCS)Web Soil Survey maps(NRCS 2022)
• USGS National Hydrology Dataset(USGS 2019b)
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS)National Wetlands Inventory maps(USFWS 2022a)
• USFWS list of threatened and endangered species within the Project area and county
(USFWS 2022b,2022c)
• North Carolina Natural Heritage Program(NCNHP)data and planning tools(NCNHP 2020,
2021,2022a,2022b)
• North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission(NCWRC)state-listed species information
(NCWRC 2022)
These sources were used to characterize the resources in the Project area and surrounding area.
2.2 Field Surveys
Several field surveys were completed by SWCA in spring and summer 2022,including a general field
reconnaissance,comprehensive wetland delineation,migratory bird nest surveys,aquatic surveys, bat
acoustic surveys,a monarch butterfly(Danaus plexippus)habitat assessment,and presence/absence
surveys for the federally listed dwarf-flowered heartleaf(Hexastylis naniflora). Biologists covered most
of the 1,403-acre Project area over approximately 40 days of various biological surveys and used
information gathered on habitat conditions to assess the potential for listed species to occur.
4

Federally and State-Listed Species Report for the Kings Mountain Lithium Mine, Cleveland County,North Carolina
December 2022
3 RESULTS
3.1 Habitat
Factors such as elevation,soil type,and vegetation cover are taken into account when determining a
species' potential to occur. Elevation in the Project area ranges from approximately 755 to 1,074 feet
above mean sea level (amsl). The Project area generally drains towards lower elevations to the south.The
highest elevation in the surrounding area is Crowders Mountain State Park,at approximately 1,700 feet
amsl.
Eighteen mapped soil types are depicted within the Project area(NRCS 2022). Soils consist primarily of
Udorthents, loamy,0 to 15 percent slopes(27%of Project area); Uwharrie silt loam,2 to 8 percent slopes
(14%of Project area); Uwharrie-Tatum complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes(8.5%of Project area);and
Tatum-Montonia complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes(6.3%of Project area). Most of the soils within the
Project area are classified as well drained,and approximately 5.4%are considered hydric soils(NRCS
2022). Hydric soils are soils that are saturated or inundated with water long enough to have a higher
likelihood of supporting wetland conditions(NRCS 2018).
The Project area is located within the Kings Creek(hydrologic unit code[HUC] 0305010509)and
Buffalo Creek(HUC 0305010508)watersheds of the Broad River Basin(North Carolina Department of
Environmental Quality 2022).The Broad River is located approximately 15 miles west-southwest of the
Project area. Kings Creek,a tributary of the Broad River, runs through the Project area. SWCA scientists
conducted a field investigation to delineate wetlands and waterbodies within the Project area in February
and March 2022. SWCA biologists identified 60 wetlands(59.52 acres total),80 waterways(67,940
linear feet total),and 12 waterbodies(ponds, lakes,mining pits). Details are provided in the wetland and
waterbody delineation report(SWCA 2022a).
The landscape has been significantly altered on the main site parcels(both north and south of 1-85)due to
historic mining. Land cover maps(USGS 2019a) indicate the Project area consists primarily of deciduous
forest,mixed forest,and evergreen forest with smaller portions of pasture/herbaceous,medium-to high-
intensity development,open water(e.g., ponds,lakes,mining pits),and wetland habitats. Field surveys
confirmed that most of these land-cover types are fairly accurate,and SWCA recorded dominant species
within each habitat.Outside of developed areas and open water, habitat in the Project area falls into five
major categories as described below.
3.1.1 Forested Upland
The forested upland community is the dominant habitat present in the Project area.Approximately
1,000 acres of forested uplands(i.e.,deciduous,mixed,and evergreen forest)are present in the Project
area. Dominant trees include American sweetgum (Liquidambar styi-aciflua), loblolly pine(Pinus taeda),
tulip tree(Liriodendron tulipifera),American beech(Fagus grandifolia),black cherry(Prunus serotina),
red maple(Ater rubrum),white oak(Quercus alba),red oak(Quercus rubra),mockernut hickory(Caiya
lomentosa),and chestnut oak(Quercus montana). Understory species commonly observed in the forested
areas are flowering dogwood(Cornus florida),greenbrier(Smilax spp.),blackberry(Rubes spp.),
spicebush(Lindera benzoin),and various successional hardwoods(oaks,hickories,sweetgum, maples).
Many of the forests are secondary forests that have not been logged in the past 25 years,while some
forests in the western and central portions were logged between 2006 and 2008.
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Federally and State-Listed Species Report for the Kings Mountain Lithium Mine, Cleveland County, North Carolina
December 2022
3.1.2 Herbaceous Upland
The herbaceous upland and edge communities consist of non-wetland areas dominated by non-woody
vegetation.Dominant herbaceous species include broom-sedge(Andropogon virginicus),wild
garlic/onion(Allium spp.), Kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensis),goldenrod(Solidago spp.),
clover(Trffiolium spp.),hemp dogbane(Apocynum cannabinum),Japanese honeysuckle
(Lonicera japonica), American burnweed(Erechtites hieraciifolia),wild strawberry
(Fragaria virginiana),and southern crabgrass(Digitaria ciliaris). Herbaceous uplands are found
primarily within the maintained utilities ROWs.Approximately 100 acres of herbaceous uplands are
present in the Project area.
3.1.3 Palustrine Emergent Wetland
The emergent wetland communities consist of a prevalence of hydrophytic non-woody vegetation less
than 3 feet in height. Dominant herbaceous species include giant cane(Arundinaria gigantea), bushy
bluestem(Andropogon glomeratus),lamp rush(Juncus effusus),cottongrass bulrush(Schpus cyperinus),
lesser poverty rush(Juncus tenuis),fowl bluegrass(Poa palustris),shallow sedge(Carex lurida),and
goldenrod species. Based on delineations,approximately 6 acres of palustrine emergent wetlands are
present in the Project area(SWCA 2022a).
3.1.4 Palustrine Forested Wetland
The forested wetland community consist of a prevalence of hydrophytic woody species over 20 feet tall.
The tree strata are dominated by red maple,American sycamore(Platanus occidentalis),water oak
(Quercus nigra),sugarberry(Celtis laevigata),American elm (Winus americana),and American
sweetgum. Based on wetland delineations,approximately 43 acres of forested wetlands are present in the
Project area(SWCA 2022a).
3.1.5 Palustrine Shrub-Scrub Wetland
The shrub-scrub wetland communities consist of a prevalence of hydrophytic woody vegetation less than
20 feet tall.The shrub-scrub strata are dominated by brookside alder(Alnus serrulata),American
sycamore,black willow(Salix nigra),Chinese privet(Ligustrum sinense),and red maple. Based on
delineations,approximately 10 acres of palustrine shrub-scrub wetlands are present in the Project area
(SWCA 2022a).
3.2 Federally Listed Species
Species are designated by the USFWS as threatened,endangered,proposed,candidate,or under review
under the ESA. Federally listed threatened and endangered species are protected from "take."Take is
defined as`'to harass, harm,pursue,hunt,shoot,wound, kill,trap, capture,or collect,or to attempt to
engage in any such conduct."Two federally listed threatened species,one candidate,one proposed,and
one species currently under review were identified in the USFWS Information for Planning and
Consultation resource list(Appendix A)as having potential to occur in the Project area or vicinity(Table
1). Under the ESA,the USFWS can also propose and designated critical habitats for threatened or
endangered species. There are no USFWS-designated critical habitats for federally listed species within
the Project area(USFWS 2022b).
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Federally and State-Listed Species Report for the Kings Mountain Lithium Mine, Cleveland County, North Carolina
December 2022
Table 1. USFWS Federally Listed Species with Potential to Occur within the Project Area
Common Name Listed Status Habitat Potential to Occur within
(Scientific Name) Project Area
Northern long-eared bat Endangered* Summer roosting in trees with loose bark Low;on edge of range and
(Myotis septentrionalis) over 3 inches in diameter,winters in caves, not detected during 2022
forages in forest understory. bat acoustic surveys.
Tricolored bat Proposed endangered During the spring,summer,and fall High;detected during 2022
(Perimyotis subflavus) (i.e.,non-hibernating seasons),it primarily bat acoustic surveys.
roosts among live and dead leaf clusters of
live or recently dead deciduous hardwood
trees.During winter,it hibernates in caves,
culverts,and abandoned water wells.
Forages both in tree tops and closer to
ground.
Little brown bat Under review Roosts include trees,buildings,wood piles, Low;not detected during
(Myotis lucifugus) and under rocks.Forages around water 2022 bat acoustic surveys.
sources,forest edge.
Monarch butterfly Candidate Prairies,meadows,grasslands,and Low;very limited suitable
(Danaus plexippus) roadsides with milkweed(Asclepias spp.) habitat along utility ROWs;
and flowering plants. individuals not identified
during 2022 habitat
surveys.
Dwarf-flowered heartleaf Threatened Acidic soils along bluffs and adjacent Low;suitable habitat
(Hexastylis naniflora) slopes,boggy areas next to streams and observed;however,this
creek heads,and along slopes of nearby species was not identified
hillsides and ravines.Endemic to upper during presence/absence
Piedmont of North Carolina and South surveys in 2022.
Carolina.
Source:USFWS(2022b).
*reclassification from threatened to endangered becomes effective January 30,2023.
3.2.1 Northern Long-eared Bat
The range of the northern long-eared bat(Myotis septentr-ionalis)extends throughout most of southern
Canada and the eastern and Midwestern United States(excluding parts of the southeast United States);
the species is primarily associated with North American forests(USFWS 2015). Foraging occurs over
open fields near caves and forests where the bats roost(USFWS 2015).Caves and mines are used for
winter hibernation,and the bats require very high humidity associated with selected hibernacula. After
hibernation,the bats are found in wooded or semi-wooded habitats for the duration of the summer
months. The northern long-eared bat utilizes crevices and loose bark on trees(>3.0 inches in diameter at
breast height)for roosting,although it is considered to be opportunistic(USFWS 2015).Northern
long-eared bat populations are declining due primarily to white-nose syndrome.
The Project area is on the southeastern edge of the known range of the northern long-eared bat. On
November 30,2022,the USFWS published a final rule reclassifying this species from threatened to
endangered status under the ESA.The rule is set to become effective January 30,2023. Prior to that,
USFWS will be finalizing consultation tools and a recovery outline.
Northern long-eared bats are not likely to hibernate in the Project area because of the lack of suitable
habitat(i.e., no caves or mines).Approximately 736 acres of suitable roosting habitat are within the
Project area; however,the potential for occurrence of the northern long-eared bat is low since Kings
Mountain is on the extreme southeastern edge of this species' range. In summer 2022,acoustic detectors
were deployed at 15 locations within suitable roosting habitat,for a total of 99 detector nights, following
7

Federally and State-Listed Species Report for the Kings Mountain Lithium Mine, Cleveland County, North Carolina
December 2022
the USFWS(2022d) Range-wide Indiana Bat and Northern Long-eared Bat Survey Guidelines.Northern
long-eared bat was not detected during the acoustic bat surveys(SWCA 2022b).
3.2.2 Tricolored Bat
Tricolored bats(Perimyotis subflavus)are on the decline from white-nose syndrome in North Carolina.
Whereas they used to be common from the mountains to the coastal plain,they are now common only in
patches and uncommon everywhere else. Some tricolored bats may migrate long distances,but most
retreat to caves and mines to hibernate in winter. In the summer,tricolored bats can be found in a variety
of habitats, from woodlands to small towns and farms,though usually not heavily populated areas. They
may roost in trees or sometimes in old buildings,culverts,or tunnels. Tricolored bats roost in foliage of
live trees and may form small maternity colonies during the pup-rearing season(North Carolina Bat
Working Group 2013).The smallest bat in North America,the tricolored bat flies slowly in the evening to
forage over openings,water,and farm fields.
Due to its decline from white-nose syndrome,tricolored bats are considered"rare or uncommon"in North
Carolina.Tricolored bats have not been previously documented in Cleveland County; however,variable
survey efforts are likely to contribute to lacking records(LeGrand et.al 2022;NCNHP 2022b). In
September 2022,the USFWS proposed to list the tricolored bat as an endangered species in response to
observed population declines resulting primarily from white-nose syndrome(Federal Register 87:56381).
A final decision regarding the listing status of the species is expected in the fall of 2023.The tricolored
bat was detected throughout the Project area during the acoustic bat surveys(SWCA 2022b).
3.2.3 Little Brown Bat
The little brown bat(Myolis lucifugus)has a widespread range in North America from Alaska-Canada
boreal forests south through most of the contiguous United States and into central Mexico(USFWS
2022e). In the winter, little brown bats primarily hibernate in caves and cave-like structures. In summer,
they can be found in trees,artificial structures,and bat houses,and under rocks and in piles of wood.
Foraging habitat includes areas with streams and other bodies of water,particularly in woodlands near
water.
This species was once abundant but has declined, particularly in eastern North America,due to
white-nose syndrome.This species is also subject to mortality by turbines at wind energy facilities.The
USFWS is currently reviewing the status of the little brown bat as a result of these described threats.The
little brown bat was not detected during the acoustic bat surveys(SWCA 2022b).
3.2.4 Dwarf-Flowered Heartleaf
The federally threatened dwarf-flowered heartleaf is a perennial woodland herb generally found in acidic
soils along bluffs and adjacent slopes, in boggy areas next to streams and creek heads,and along the
slopes of nearby hillsides and ravines(USFWS 2017).This plant is usually associated with mountain
laurel(Kabnia latifolia)or American pawpaw(Asimina triloba)(Krings et al.2021).The flowering
period is March 1 through May 31.
Approximately 100 acres of potentially suitable habitat for the dwarf-flowered heartleaf are present in the
Project area consisting of forested slopes adjacent to stream sides. Most of the suitable habitat(87%)is on
the Albemarle East Property. SWCA botanists conducted presence/absence surveys within potentially
suitable habitat on May 2-5, 23,24, 2022. Several populations of the little heartleaf(Hexastylis minor),a
common Hexastylis species, were observed during the surveys. No dwarf-flowered heartleaf individuals
were observed(SWCA 2022c).
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3.2.5 Monarch Butterfly
The monarch butterfly is a candidate for listing across most of the United States and is known to occur
within North Carolina during migration from its overwintering habitat in Mexico.The USFWS will
decide whether the monarch butterfly should be listed under the ESA in 2024. Monarch breeding habitat
includes agricultural fields; pastureland; prairie remnants; and urban and suburban residential gardens,
trees,and roadsides. This species is highly dependent on the presence of milkweed(Asclepias spp.)for
breeding and a diversity of flowering nectar plants for foraging(Monarch Joint Venture 2022; USFWS
2020,2022f). Unsuitable habitat includes areas such as grasslands dominated by invasive grass species,or
woody thickets too dense to support herbaceous flowering vegetation.
In spring and summer 2022, approximately 39 acres of potential monarch butterfly habitat were surveyed
to assess the suitability of the habitat for monarch(SWCA 2022d). Surveys focused on utility ROWS that
may provide open herbaceous habitat with nectar plants. Butterfly milkweed(Asclepias luberosa)and
common milkweed(Asclepias syriaca)were observed during summer surveys,but these host plants were
generally uncommon with sparse distribution where observed. Many of the areas surveyed were densely
populated with briers(Rubus spp.)and lacked the open, herbaceous habitat preferred by monarch
butterflies.Overall, 25 acres were low quality and 13 acres were moderately suitable for monarch. Based
on the data review and field reconnaissance,the potential for monarch butterflies to occur within the
Project area is low due to the limited quantity and quality of the habitat.No monarch individuals were
observed during 2022 spring and summer surveys.
There is a butterfly garden on the north side of the Project area along the Kings Mountain Gateway Trail.
The garden was not part of the survey but is known to provide approximately 1 acre of suitable habitat for
monarch butterflies.
3.3 State-Listed Species
3.3.1 Regulatory Background
In North Carolina,endangered,threatened,and special concern animals(referred to as"state-listed"
for this report)are protected by the NCWRC via the North Carolina Endangered Species Act of 1987;
and plants are legally protected by the North Carolina Plant Conservation Program via the North Carolina
Plant Protection and Conservation Act of 1979.The Acts also state that they do not limit the rights of a
landowner in the lawful management of his/her land. Generally,state-listed plants are protected from
collection,selling,and poaching on private property without permission from the property owner and a
permit from the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services.Overall,state-listed
plants and animals receive little protection on private land if illegal development activities are avoided.
State endangered species are those determined by the NCWRC to be in jeopardy. State threatened species
are likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant
portion of its range. State special concern species are determined by the NCWRC to require monitoring
but may be taken under adopted regulations. Significantly rare designations indicate rarity and need for
population monitoring and conservation action. Significantly rare is a non-regulatory NCNHP
designation,and species are not legally protected but have been included in the assessment below.
3.3.2 Species List
The list of state-listed species for Cleveland County was reviewed to assess whether the species have
potential to occur in the Project area(Table 2)(NCNHP 2022a,2022b). Five species are considered
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Federally and State-Listed Species Report for the Kings Mountain Lithium Mine, Cleveland County, North Carolina
December 2022
historical in the county,which,according to NCNHP,are species either extirpated,that have not been
found in recent surveys,or that have not been surveyed recently enough to be confident they are still
present,but there is still some expectation that the species may be rediscovered. Occurrences are regarded
as historical after 20 to 40 years depending on the species and the amount of habitat alteration in the area.
A county status of"historical" in Table 2 should not be regarded as a definitive statement that the species
is gone from the county but rather indicates that its continued existence is uncertain.
According to occurrence records provided by NCNHP(2022a,2022b), no state-listed threatened,
endangered,or special concern plant or animal species have been identified within the Project area
(Appendix B). Five state-listed species have been observed within 1 mile of the Project area. Four of
these species observations occurred within Crowder Mountain State Park(timber rattlesnake [Crotalus
horridus],Carolina pygmy rattlesnake [Sistrurus miliarius miliarius],dwarf juniper[Juniperus communis
var.depressa],and bear oak [Quercus ilicifolia]). The other species observed within 1 mile of the Project
area,oldfield deermouse(Peromyscus polionolus), has not been recorded since 1977.
Table 2.State-listed Species for Cleveland County and their Potential to Occur
Common Name Scientific Name State Listing Status County Status Potential to Occur
Birds
Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Threatened Current Very low;lack of rivers and lakes
Loggerhead shrike Lanius ludovicianus Special Concern Current Low;lack of open lands
Bam owl Tyto alba Special Concern Current Low;lack of open lands
Mammal
Oldfield deermouse Peromyscus pollonotus Special Concern Historical Very low;last observed in 1977
and lack of habitat
Northern long-eared Myotis septentrionalls Threatened Current Low;on edge of range,not
bat identified during 2022 bat
acoustic surveys
Little brown bat Myotis lucifugus Significantly Rare Current Low;not detected during 2022
bat acoustic surveys
Reptile
Timber rattlesnake Crotalus homdus Special Concern Current Moderate;recorded within 1 mile
of Project and suitable habitat
Carolina pygmy Sistrurus miliarius miliarius Special Concern Historical Low;recorded within 1 mile in
rattlesnake 1990,limited suitable habitat
Crustacean
Carolina foothills Cambarus johni Significantly Rare Current Low;not detected during 2022
crayfish aquatic surveys
Broad River stream Cambarus lenati Significantly Rare Current Low;not detected during 2022
crayfish aquatic surveys
Broad River spiny Cambarus spicatus Special Concern Current Low;not detected during 2022
crayfish aquatic surveys
Fish
Carolina quillback Carpiodes sp.cf.cyprinus Significantly Rare Current Very low;not detected during
2022 aquatic surveys
Seagreen darter Etheostoma thalassinum Significantly Rare Current Low;not detected during 2022
aquatic surveys
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Common Name Scientific Name State Listing Status County Status Potential to Occur
Mollusks
Dwarf threetooth Triodopsis fulciden Special Concern Current Low;not known to occur in the
vicinity
Plants
American bittersweet Celastrus scandens Endangered Current Low;potential habitat observed,
but not identified during
presence/absence surveys
Smooth sunflower Helianthus laevigatus Special Concern- Historical Low;potential habitat observed,
Vulnerable but not identified during
presence/absence surveys
Dwarf-flowered Hexastylis naniflora Threatened Current Low;potential habitat observed,
heartleaf but not identified during
presence/absence surveys
Dwarf juniper Juniperus communis var. Threatened Current Low;recorded within 1 mile but
depressa lack of suitable habitat
Rough blazing-star Liatris aspera Special Concern- Historical Low;no basic soils with high pH
Vulnerable present
Spotted phacelia Phacelia maculata Endangered Current Low;lack of rivers,not near
known occurrences
Dwarf chinquapin oak Quercus prinoides Endangered Historical Very low;lack of suitable rocky
slope habitat,historical
Bear oak Quercus ilicifolia Endangered Current Low;recorded within 1 mile but
not known in Cleveland County,
lack of suitable habitat
Pursh's wild petunia Ruellia purshiana Special Concern— Current Very low;lack of suitable habitat,
Vulnerable very rare in the southwestem
Piedmont
Source:NCNHP(2022a,2022b)
3.3.2.1 BALD EAGLE
The bald eagle(Haliaeetus leucocephalus)is one of the largest raptors in North America and was listed
under the ESA until 2007. The eagle is still federally protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and
the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act.The bald eagle prefers habitat near lakes,large rivers,and
shorelines of sounds and bays(NCWRC 2022). It perches and nests in tall,isolated trees.Nests can be up
to 8 feet wide and 20 feet deep. Pairs often return to the same nest each year and layer new nest material
over the old.
The bald eagle is not expected to nest or forage in the Project area due to a lack of the habitat required by
this species.According to the NCWRC(personal communication,Clint Barden, Biologist,NCWRC,with
Simon King, SWCA Environmental Consultants,July 29,2022),the closest nesting pair was documented
in 2021 at Moss Lake approximately 6.5 miles northwest of the Project area. Bald eagles may still be
present,but the area was not surveyed in 2022.According to the eBird database,there are no records
within the Project area and a low(0%-10%) frequency of reporting in the Kings Mountain area(eBird
2022). No eagles were observed during any of the spring and summer 2022 biological surveys. While
bald eagles could occasionally fly over the Project area,there are no large waterbodies nearby that would
attract them to the vicinity.Therefore,the bald eagle has a very low potential to occur.
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Federally and State-Listed Species Report for the Kings Mountain Lithium Mine, Cleveland County, North Carolina
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3.3.2.2 LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE
The loggerhead shrike(Lanius ludovicianus)is a songbird that inhabits large open areas with short
vegetation and well-spaced shrubs or low trees,particularly those with spines or thorns(Cornell Lab of
Ornithology 2019).They frequent agricultural fields, pastures,old orchards,riparian areas,desert
scrublands,savannas,prairies,golf courses,and cemeteries. Loggerhead shrikes are often seen along
mowed roadsides with access to fence lines and utility poles,which they use for viewing prey when
foraging. Populations are declining, likely due to changes in agricultural practices and the use of certain
pesticides(NCWRC 2020)
The NCWRC(2022)states that this species can be"locally fairly common"in Cleveland County, likely
due to the high amount of agricultural land in the county,where this species has open fields and fences to
support its behavior. However,according to the eBird database,there are no records within the Project
area and a low(00/6-2%)frequency of reporting in the Kings Mountain area(eBird 2022).The Project
area lacks open fields,and potential habitat is limited to the ROWs with open habitat for foraging and
utility poles for perching.No loggerhead shrikes were observed during the spring and summer 2022
biological surveys.Therefore,this species is not expected to occur.
3.3.2.3 BARN OWL
Barn owls(Lanius ludovicianus)generally occur in open country areas with farmland and where there are
barns or abandoned buildings for nesting(Cornell Lab of Ornithology 2019;NCWRC 2022).They also
nest in woodland areas or within city limits where there are good open areas for foraging,although this is
less typical.This species likely occurs in parts of Cleveland County with high amounts of agricultural
land.The recent population decline is attributed to habitat loss due to changes from agriculture and open
land to urban developed land.
According to the eBird database,there are no records within the Project area and a low(0%-2%)
frequency of reporting in the Kings Mountain area(eBird 2022). The Project area lacks large open areas
for hunting.Nest in forested or urban habitats near their hunting grounds. The Project area is largely
forested,and the open areas that do exist are mainly disturbed areas associated with the mine.No barn
owls observed during spring and summer 2022 biological surveys; however,this species is mostly active
at night.Overall,the barn owl has a low potential to occur.
3.3.2.4 OLDFIELD DEERMOUSE
The oldfield deermouse is a burrowing species that strongly favors sandy soils in brushy and weedy
grasslands and fields(LeGrand et al.2022).This species can occur along the sandy borders of cultivated
fields,as well as overgrown sites. The deermouse tends to avoid wet habitats and forests.The oldfield
deermouse can be locally common in South Carolina but is rare in North Carolina.
According to the Cleveland County inventory,this rare species has been confirmed only from Rutherford
County and from evidence of its distinctive mounds along the median of I-85 in southeastern Cleveland
County in 1977(NCNHP 2003,2022a).The Project area lacks the grasslands and weedy fields with
sandy soils preferred by this mouse. Due to its historic status and lack of suitable habitat in the Project
area,the oldfield deermouse is not expected to be present.No species-specific surveys were conducted.
3.3.2.5 NORTHERN LONG-EARED BAT
See Section 3.2.1.
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3.3.2.6 LITTLE BROWN BAT
See Section 3.2.3.
3.3.2.7 TIMBER RATTLESNAKE
The timber rattlesnake is a large venomous snake that feeds on rodents and birds. Most timber
rattlesnakes rely on their camouflage for protection and are reluctant to rattle or bite(NC Partners in
Amphibian and Reptile Conservation 2022). In North Carolina,this snake is most common in the
mountains and the Coastal Plain. Their populations are declining due to agriculture and development.
Timber rattlesnakes are often found in wooded rocky hillsides or in mature hardwood forests with many
downed logs and a layer of leaves and humus.This species is difficult to observe in the field due to its
secretive nature,strong camouflage abilities,and generalized habitat.
Timber rattlesnake has not been recorded in the Project area but was observed within 1 mile at Crowders
Mountain State Park in 2019(NCNHP 2003,2022b).The state park contains suitable timber rattlesnake
habitat, including numerous rock outcroppings with surrounding forests,which is not found in the Project
area. Based on habitat suitability,there is a moderate potential for this snake to occur on the Albemarle
East Property and a low potential on the main parcel. The Project area generally lacks the predictive areas
to locate this species such as exposed rock outcroppings with surrounding mature forests.No timber
rattlesnakes were observed during the spring,summer,or fall 2022 biological surveys that included a
diversity of habitats such as mature forests and floodplains. However,species-specific presence/absence
surveys were not conducted because the secretive nature of the species makes the snake difficult to detect,
likely leading to inconclusive results.
3.3.2.8 CAROLINA PYGMY RATTLESNAKE
The Carolina pygmy rattlesnake is the smallest species of rattlesnake in the United States. In North
Carolina,this snake is found in pine flatwoods,pine/oak sandhills,and other pine/oak forests in the
southeastern Coastal Plain and Sandhills(NC Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation 2022).
The Carolina pygmy rattlesnake is very rare in the Piedmont but has been observed on dry,rocky
locations in the Crowders Mountain/Kings Mountain area.
The Project area generally lacks the dry,rocky habitat that this species is known to use in the Piedmont.
The Albemarle East Property is close to historic(1990s)observations at Crowders Mountain State Park,
but dry rocky habitat,steep slopes,and higher elevations are very limited. There is a low potential for
this snake to occur on portions of the Albemarle East Property,but it is not expected to occur on the main
parcel.No Carolina pygmy rattlesnakes were observed during the spring, summer,or fall 2022 biological
surveys;however,no species-specific surveys were conducted.
3.3.2.9 CAROLINA FOOTHILLS CRAYFISH
The Carolina foothills crayfish(Cambarus johni) in known only from headwater streams in the Yadkin-
Pee Dee,Catawba,and Broad River basins of the Blue Ridge Foothills and Upper Piedmont Plateau
(NCWRC 2022). Streams are typically 3 to 4 meters wide with sandy substrates,beneath undercut banks,
and in leaf packs and root wads.Threat and trends have not been assessed, but the species' wide range is
indicative of a secure status for a state endemic(NatureServe 2022).
The upper reaches of Kings Creek and South Creek and larger streams on the Albemarle East Property
have potential suitable habitat. However,both Kings Creek and South Creek have upstream industrial or
residential development, which generally reduces crayfish diversity abundance(NatureServe 2022). This
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Federally and State-Listed Species Report for the Kings Mountain Lithium Mine, Cleveland County, North Carolina
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species was not found within Kings Creek or other waterbodies surveyed during the 2022 aquatic
assessment(SWCA 2022e).
3.3.2.10 BROAD RIVER STREAM CRAYFISH
The Broad River stream crayfish(Cambarus lenati)occurs in small to medium streams in the Broad
River drainage.This species is found only in the headwaters of the First Broad River subdrainage,which
is in the northern portion of the river basin(NCNHP 2003;NCWRC 2022). It is not known to occur in the
Kings Creek subdrainage.This species was not found within Kings Creek or other waterbodies surveyed
during the 2022 aquatic assessment(SWCA 2022e).
3.3.2.11 BROAD RIVER SPINY CRAYFISH
The Broad River spiny crayfish(Cambarus spicalus)occurs in small to medium streams with debris in
the channel and along margins(NCWRC 2022). It is known to occur in the First Broad River and North
Pacolet subdrainages of the Broad River drainage,which are west of the Project area(NCNHP 2003;
NCWRC 2022). It is not known to occur in the Kings Creek subdrainage.This species was not found
within Kings Creek or other waterbodies surveyed during the 2022 aquatic assessment(SWCA 2022e).
3.3.2.12 CAROLINA QUILLBACK
The Carolina quillback(Carpiodes cyprinus) is restricted to the Broad,Catawba,and Yadkin River
basins. This species is found in warm,low-to moderate-gradient reaches of most major rivers, including
upper portions of associated reservoirs(South Carolina Department of Natural Resources 201 5a).The
Project area lacks the large,deep,and slow-moving streams and rivers preferred by this species,and
therefore,this species is not expected to be present. This species was not found within Kings Creek or
other waterbodies surveyed during the 2022 aquatic assessment(SWCA 2022e).
3.3.2.13 SEAGREEN DARTER
The seagreen darter(Elheosloma lhalassinum) is endemic to North Carolina and South Carolina and is
restricted to the Broad and Catawba River basins. This species is found in rock, rubble,or gravel riffles in
large creeks and rivers with moderate to swift currents(South Carolina Department of Natural Resources
2015b). Within the Project area,this species has a low potential to occur in the upper portions of Kings
Creek and South Creek,as well as a few of the larger streams on the Albemarle East Property. This
species was not found within Kings Creek or other waterbodies surveyed during the 2022 aquatic
assessment(SWCA 2022e).
3.3.2.14 DWARF THREETOOTH
The dwarf threetooth(Triodopsis fiilciden)is a small terrestrial snail species. It is endemic to North
Carolina in the southwestern Piedmont in Burke,Catawba, Cleveland,and Lincoln Counties(NatureServe
2022).There is little information available about this species due to lack of research. Based on the very
broadly defined habitat(NCNHP 2020),suitable habitat is potentially present in the more dense,moist
forests along South Creek and on the on the Albemarle East Property.No species-specific surveys were
conducted due to lack of information on this species.
3.3.2.15 AMERICAN BITTERSWEET
American bittersweet(Celastrus scandens)is a high-climbing or sprawling woody vine reaching 30 feet.
Habitat includes woodlands,stream banks, rocky hillsides,thickets,fence rows,and roadsides. In North
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Federally and State-Listed Species Report for the Kings Mountain Lithium Mine, Cleveland County, North Carolina
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Carolina,the species is typically only found on moist slopes with rich soils over mafic rocks in mesic and
rich cove forests. Mafic rocks are igneous rocks with a high content of magnesium,iron,and often
calcium that typically weather into deeper, higher-pH(less acidic)soils that can be rich and productive
(US Forest Service 2022). It generally does not grow along forested borders where the invasive Asiatic
bittersweet(C. orbiculatus)grows.The native American bittersweet is being replaced in the northeastern
United States by the more aggressive Asiatic bittersweet,which has escaped from cultivation(University
of Texas 2012). Potentially suitable habitat is present along sloped areas adjacent to streams on the
Albemarle East Property and along the upper portions of South Creek and a tributary on the main parcel.
The flowering period is May through June,but this plant can be identified by its showy scarlet fruit in the
fall.
Between October 24-28,2022, SWCA biologists conducted surveys to confirm the presence or absence of
American bittersweet in potential suitable habitat(Appendix C, Figure 1).No American bittersweet was
observed within the 79.3-acre survey area. The invasive Asiatic bittersweet was observed along some
forested edges of the Gateway Trail on the Albemarle Main Site—South of I-85 property. The bittersweet
observed had five or greater seeds per fruit,broadly obovate leaves,and fruits scattered along the
branches,which are all characteristics of Asiatic bittersweet,not American bittersweet(LeGrand et al.
2022; USGS 2007). Based on the surveys, it is unlikely the American bittersweet is present within the
Project area.
3.3.2.16 SMOOTH SUNFLOWER
Smooth sunflower(Helianthus laevigatus)occurs locally in Maryland,West Virginia, Virginia,western
North Carolina,and northern South Carolina.Although smooth sunflower has a somewhat restricted
range, it is abundant in glades,barrens,and along roadsides within that range,especially in Virginia
(NatureServe 2022). In North Carolina and South Carolina,all occurrences are in disturbed areas on
slate-derived soils. The principal threats to this species are fire suppression,succession to woody species,
and invasion by exotic plant species.Other threats include development,herbicide use,and mowing
during the flowering and growing seasons.This sunflower has a potential to occur in suitable habitat
along woodland edges and within the existing ROWs.This plant grows up to 7 feet tall and flowers
August through November.
Between October 24-28,2022, SWCA biologists conducted surveys to confirm the presence or absence of
smooth sunflower in potential suitable habitat(Appendix C. Figure 1). Habitats surveyed included both
open and dense ROWs,and open areas adjacent to on-site roads and the Gateway Trail.No smooth
sunflower individuals were observed within the 68.7-acre survey area.Another Helianthus species,the
small wood sunflower(Helianthus microcephalus)was observed in a few areas within ROWs and along
the edges of the Gateway Trail.The observed Helianthus species had longer leaf stalks(> 1 cm,typically
1-3 cm)and lacked the typical"rubbery"texture of H. laevigatus(LeGrand et al.2022). Based on the
surveys, it is unlikely the smooth sunflower is present within the Project area.
3.3.2.17 DWARF-FLOWERED HEARTLEAF
See Section 3.2.4.
3.3.2.18 DWARF JUNIPER
The dwarf juniper(Juniper coinmunis) is a low-spreading,evergreen shrub,with bluish berry-like fruits
and no flowers. This species is widely distributed throughout the United States; however, it is rare and
local in the southwestern Piedmont,where it occurs only in a restricted set of habitats(very dry
west-facing slopes).The variety in North Carolina(Juniper communis var.depressa) is found in thin,
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Federally and State-Listed Species Report for the Kings Mountain Lithium Mine, Cleveland County, North Carolina
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rocky soils on slopes around granitic domes and rocky summits(LeGrand et al.2022). Dwarf juniper is
susceptible to juniper blight.
Dwarf juniper was recorded within 1 mile of the Project area at Crowder Mountain State Park in 2003 and
2018(NCNHP 2022a,2022b). This is one of only three populations known in the state(NCNHP 2003).
The Project area lacks the required rocky slope habitat,and this species is not expected to be present in
the Project area.No species-specific surveys were conducted due to lack of suitable habitat.
3.3.2.19 ROUGH BLAZING-STAR
Rough blazing-star(Liatris aspera)is found in dry soil of prairies and plains,openings in rocky
woodlands,and along power lines and roadsides through these habitats.This species prefers basic soils
with high pH(LeGrand et al. 2022). This flower is rare in the southwestern Piedmont. It is found in dry
and often rocky places in the southwestern part of the state(LeGrand et al. 2022).All recorded
occurrences in Cleveland County are either extirpated,have not been found in recent surveys,or have not
been surveyed recently enough to be confident they are still present. Rough blazing-star has lavender
flowers August through September and fruits starting early October.
The Project area contains acidic soils(NRCS 2022),which are unlikely to support this species.
The Project area also generally lacks open,dry habitats. Therefore,rough blazing-star is not expected to
be present.No species-specific surveys were conducted due to lack of suitable habitat.
3.3.2.20 SPOTTED PHACELIA
The spotted phacelia(Phacelia maculata)is an annual herb found in granite flatrocks and bottomland
openings that flowers in April.The spotted phacelia is moderately widespread from south-central North
Carolina south to Georgia and west to Mississippi. It is most abundant in the southwestern part of its
range and very rare in North Carolina(NatureServe 2022). There are only two known occurrences in
North Carolina along a river in Cleveland County,where it occurs in openings in bottomland forests
(LeGrand et al.2022). The source does not state which river it is located along; however,there are no
rivers within the nearby Project vicinity. This plant is not expected to be present in the Project area as it is
considered very rare and there is a lack of suitable habitat.No species-specific surveys were conducted
due to lack of suitable habitat.
3.3.2.21 DWARF CHINQUAPIN OAK
The dwarf chinquapin oak(Quercits prinoides)is a deciduous shrub,typically 5 to 6 feet tall (LeGrand et
al. 2022). It grows in dry or mesic edge or opening habitat in acidic soils. Most records are from dry
acidic slopes with openings or other early succession vegetation,often with rocky areas.This species is
very rare and strongly declining in the Piedmont. Declines are likely due to fire suppression. All recorded
occurrences in the county are from the 1950s,and this species has not been found in recent surveys
(NCNHP 2003).Therefore, it is considered historic in Cleveland County.The Project area lacks rocky
slopes.and dwarf chinquapin oak is not expected to be present.No species-specific surveys were
conducted due to lack of suitable habitat.
3.3.2.22 BEAR OAK
Bear oak is a small deciduous tree,typically only reaching 15 to 20 feet tall. These trees are typically
found as scattered individuals or very small stands(LeGrand et al.2022). In North Carolina it is restricted
to thin,dry,acidic soils near the highest elevations of a ridge or mountain. Bear oak is not known to occur
in Cleveland County but has been recorded within I mile at higher elevations in Crowder Mountain State
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December 2022
Park in 2003 (NCNHP 2022a, 2022b).The populations in the park are experiencing shading from
competing vegetation leading to declines from competition with other woody species(NCNHP 2003).
The Project area lacks suitable rocky outcrop,mountainous habitat,and bear oak is not expected to be
present in the Project area. According to LeGrand et al.(2022), it is unlikely new sites will be discovered
for this species.No species-specific surveys were conducted due to lack of suitable habitat.
3.3.2.23 PURSH'S WILD PETUNIA
Pursh's wild petunia(Ruellia purshiana) is a perennial herb restricted to dry to somewhat mesic,high-pH
soil in partly shaded conditions(LeGrand et al.2022). It favors glades and barrens,woodland borders,
open woods,and other similar sites. In the Piedmont,this species blooms in May.There are disturbed
areas on the main site north of I-85 that are relatively similar to the barren,open forest habitat preferred
by this species.However,based on field observation of that area, it would be unlikely to support this
plant. Soils within the Project area are acidic,ranging from 4.6 to 6.2 pH(NRCS 2022).Therefore,this
species is not expected to be present in the Project area.No species-specific surveys were conducted due
to lack of suitable habitat.
4 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
No federally listed species have been identified within the Project area.The northern long-eared bat was
not detected during acoustic surveys,and the site is on the extreme southeastern edge of its range.
Although suitable habitat is present,the dwarf-flowered heartleaf was not identified during
presence/absence surveys.The limited potential monarch butterfly habitat within the Project area is
mostly low quality and there is very little milkweed present to support this species.Tricolored bat was
detected throughout the Project area during acoustic surveys. This bat is not state or federally listed, but
the USFWS has proposed listing this species as endangered under the ESA.
Timber rattlesnake,American bittersweet,and smooth sunflower are state-listed species that have
potential to occur based on suitable habitat. However,surveys did not find American bittersweet or
smooth sunflower to be present.Surveys were not conducted for timber rattlesnake due to the lack of
predictive survey areas within the Project area(e.g.,rock outcrops)and the secretive nature of the species.
However,numerous biological surveys were conducted throughout a diversity of habitats(e.g.,forests,
floodplains)in the Project area during the spring, summer,and fall of 2022,and no timber rattlesnakes
were observed. Additionally, the most suitable habitat for timber rattlesnake is on the Albemarle East
Property,which is expected to remain relatively undeveloped.Therefore, it is unlikely for this species to
be encountered during Project activities.All other state-listed species have a low or very low potential to
occur,primarily due to lack of suitable habitat.
17

Federally and State-Listed Species Report for the Kings Mountain Lithium Mine, Cleveland County, North Carolina
December 2022
5 LITERATURE CITED
Cornell Lab of Ornithology.2019.All About Birds. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca,New York.
Available at: https://www.allaboutbirds.org.Accessed August 2022.
eBird.2022.eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance [web application]. eBird,
Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca,New York. Available at: http://www.ebird.org.Accessed
August 2022.
Krings,A., S.Goyette, D. Suiter.,and M. Samuels.2021. Rare plants of North Carolina. Available at:
https:Hprojects.ncsu.edu/cals/plantbiology/ncsc/rare/.Accessed April 2022.
LeGrand, H., B. Sorrie,and T. Howard.2022. Vascular Plants of North Carolina[Internet]. Raleigh(NC):
North Carolina Biodiversity Project and North Carolina State Parks.Available from
https://authl.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/index.php. Accessed August 2022.
LeGrand, H., L.Gatens, E.Corey,and T. Howard. 2022. Mammals of North Carolina:their Distribution
and Abundance[Internet]. Raleigh(NC):North Carolina Biodiversity Project and North Carolina
State Parks. Available from https://authi.dpr.ncparks.gov/mammals/accounts.php.
Monarch Joint Venture.2022. Monarch Habitat Evaluator. Available at
https:Hmonarchjointventure.org/mjvprograms/
science/roadsidehabitat/habitat-evaluator-tool#:-:text=Overview,using%20the%20 Rap id%20
Assessment%20protocol.
Natural Resources Conservation Service(NRCS).2018. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United
States, Version 8.2. Edited by J.F. Berkowitz,G.W. Hurt,and L.M. Vasilas. U.S. Department of
Agriculture,NRCS, in cooperation with the National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils.
.2022. United States Department of Agriculture. Web Soil Survey. Available at
http://websoilsurvey.nres.usda.gov/.Accessed April 2022.
NatureServe.2022.NatureServe Explorer. Available at https:Hexplorer.natureserve.org/. Accessed
September 2022.
NC Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation.2022.Amphibians and Reptiles of North Carolina.
Available at https:Hherpsofnc.org/
North Carolina Bat Working Group.2013. Bats of North Carolina. Available at
https://www.ncbwg.org/bats-of-north-carolina/. Accessed September 2022.
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality.2022. Find Your HUC in North Carolina.
Available at: https://ncdenr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/PublicInformation/index.
html?appid=ad3a85aOc6d644aOb97cd069db238ac3#!. Accessed May 2022.
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program(NCNHP).2003.An Inventory of the Significant Natural Areas
of Cleveland County,North Carolina. Prepared by N.C.Natural Heritage Program Office and
Foothills Conservancy of North Carolina. April.
.2020. List of Rare Animal Species of North Carolina.Available at: https://www.ncnhp.org/
publications/nhp-publications/rare-animal-list.Accessed May 2022.
18

S
Federally and State-Listed Species Report for the Kings Mountain Lithium Mine, Cleveland County, North Carolina
December 2022
.2021. List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina.Available at: https://www.ncnhp.org/
publications/nhp-publications/rare-plant-list.Accessed May 2022.
.2022a. Natural Heritage Element Occurrences,Natural Areas,and Managed Areas Within a One-
mile Radius of the Project Area,Albemarle Main Boundary, Project No.00070316-000-RDU.
February 9,2022
.2022b. Species/Community Search.Cleveland County. Available at: https://www.ncnhp.org/
data/speciescommunity-search. Accessed August 2022.
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission(NCWRC). 2020. Loggerhead shrike species profile.
https://www.ncwi ldl ife.org/Portals/O/Learning/documents/Profiles/Birds/Loggerhead-Shrike-
Profile.pdf
. 2022.North Carolina Species. Available at: https://www.ncwildlife.org/Learning/Species.
Accessed August 2022.
South Carolina Department of Natural Resources.2015a. Supplemental Volume: Species of Conservation
Concern—Quillback(Carpoides cyprinus). Available at: https://www.dnr.sc.gov/
swap/supplemental/freshwaterfish/quillback2015.pdf. Accessed August 2022.
. 2015b. Supplemental Volume: Species of Conservation Concern- Seagreen Darter(Elheosloma
thalassinum).Available at:
https://www.dnr.sc.gov/swap/supplemental/freshwaterfish/seagreendarter2015.pdf. Accessed
August 2022.
SWCA Environmental Consultants(SWCA).2022a. Wetland and Waterbody Delineation Report for the
Albemarle Kings Mountain Lithium Mining Project, Cleveland County,North Carolina. April.
.2022b. Bat Survey Report for the Albemarle Kings Mountain Lithium Mining Project,Cleveland
County,North Carolina. September.
.2022c. Dwarf-flowered Heartleaf Survey Report for the Albemarle Kings Mountain Lithium
Mining Project, Cleveland County,North Carolina. September.
. 2022d. Monarch Habitat Assessment for the Albemarle Kings Mountain Lithium Mining Project,
Cleveland County,North Carolina. September.
.2022e. Aquatic Assessment for the Albemarle Kings Mountain Lithium Mining Project,
Cleveland County,North Carolina. September.
University of Texas. 2016. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Plant Database.Available at
https://www.wildflower.org/plants/. Accessed September 2022.
U.S. Forest Service(USFS). 2022. Rock Types: Granitic Bedrock and Granitic Gneiss Bedrock.
Available at Rock Types I Forest Trail Explorer(nctrails.org).
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS). 2015. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants;
Threatened Species Status for the Northern Long-Eared Bat With 4(d)Rule; Final Rule and
Interim Rule. Federal Register 80(63): 17974-18033.Available at littps://www.govinfo.gov/
content/pkg/FR-2015-04-02/pdf/2015-07069.pdf. Accessed April 2022.
19

Federally and State-Listed Species Report for the Kings Mountain Lithium Mine, Cleveland County, North Carolina
December 2022
.2017. Dwai- flowered heartleaf(Hexastylis nanifla-a). Available at:https://www.fws.gov/
raleigh/species/es—dwarf-flowered heartleaf.html. Accessed April 2022.
. 2020. Monarch(Danaus plexippus) Species Status Assessment Report,version 2.1.Available
at: https:Hecos.fws.gov/ServCat/DownloadFile/191345. Accessed June 2021.
. 2022a. National Wetland Inventory(NWI)Surface Waters and Wetlands. Available at:
https:Hfwsprimary.wim.usgs.gov/wetlands/apps/wetlands-mapper/. Accessed February 2022.
.2022b. Information for Planning and Consultation(IPaC)—Explore Resources. Project Area
List.Available at: https:Hipac.ecosphere.fws.gov/location/
52KWJIY2SZGELBJ5RMERHQX2CE/resources.Accessed February 2022.
. 2022c. Listed species believed to or known to occur in Cleveland,North Carolina.
https:Hecos.fws.gov/ecp/report/species-listings-by-current-range-county?fips=37045. Accessed
April 2022.
. 2022d. Range-wide Indiana Bat and Northern Long-eared Bat Survey Guidelines. March 2022.
Available at https://www.fws.gov/library/collections/range-wide-indiana-bat-and-northern-long-
eared-bat-survey-guidelines.Accessed June 2022.
.2022e. Little Brown Bat. https://www.fws.gov/species/little-brown-bat-myotis-lucifugus.
Accessed September 2022.
.2022f. Species Profile for monarch butterfly(Danaus plexippus). https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/
species/9743.Accessed April 2022.
U.S. Geological Survey(USGS). 2007.American and Oriental Bittersweet Identification.Available at:
2007-2 Identifying Bittersweet.pub(usda.gov).Accessed October 2022.
. 2019a.National Land Cover Database(NLCD).Available at:
https://www.usgs.gov/data/national-land-cover-database-nlcd-2019-products. Accessed March
2022.
.2019b.National Hydrography Dataset(ver. USGS National Hydrography Dataset Best
Resolution(NHD)for Hydrologic Unit(HU)4-2001 (published 20191002)). Available at
https://www.usgs.gov/national-hydrography/access-national-hydrography-products. Accessed
February 2022.
20

r
APPENDIX A
USFWS IPaC List

2/9/22,4:11 PM IPaC:Explore Location resources
IPaC U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
IPaC resource list
This report is an automatically generated list of species and other resources such as critical habitat
(collectively referred to as trust resources) under the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (USFWS)
jurisdiction that are known or expected to be on or near the project area referenced below.The list
may also include trust resources that occur outside of the project area, but that could potentially be
directly or indirectly affected by activities in the project area. However, determining the likelihood
and extent of effects a project may have on trust resources typically requires gathering additional
site-specific(e.g., vegetation/species surveys) and project-specific(e.g., magnitude and timing of
proposed activities) information. t
Below is a summary of the project information you provided and contact information for the USFWS
office(s)with jurisdiction in the defined project area. Please read the introduction to each section
that follows (Endangered Species, Migratory Birds, USFWS Facilities, and NWI Wetlands) for
additional information applicable to the trust resources addressed in that section.
Location
Cleveland County, North Carolina
♦' `�y CraeF 0
10
knips _.
_ 80ip�Cr.6% AD UI1FHI it
Almon
ult 1
Local office
Asheville Ecological Services Field Office
L [phone]
1B [phone]
160 Zillicoa Street
Asheville, NC 28801-1082
http7//www.fws.gov/nc-es/es/county—fr.html
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Endangered species
This resource list is for informational purposes only and does not constitute an analysis of
project level impacts.
The primary information used to generate this list is the known or expected range of each species.
Additional areas of influence (AOI)for species are also considered. An AOI includes areas outside of
the species range if the species could be indirectly affected by activities in that area (e.g., placing a
dam upstream of a fish population even if that fish does not occur at the dam site, may indirectly
impact the species by reducing or eliminating water flow downstream). Because species can move,
and site conditions can change, the species on this list are not guaranteed to be found on or near
the project area. To fully determine any potential effects to species, additional site-specific and
project-specific information is often required.
Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act requires Federal agencies to 'request of the Secretary
information whether any species which is listed or proposed to be listed may be present in the area
of such proposed action"for any project that is conducted, permitted, funded, or licensed by any
Federal agency. A letter from the local office and a species list which fulfills this requirement can
only be obtained by requesting an official species list from either the Regulatory Review section in
IPaC(see directions below) or from the local field office directly.
For project evaluations that require USFWS concurrence/review, please return to the IPaC website
and request an official species list by doing the following:
1. Draw the project location and click CONTINUE.
2. Click DEFINE PROJECT.
3. Log in (if directed to do so).
4. Provide a name and description for your project.
5. Click REQUEST SPECIES LIST.
Listed species?and their critical habitats are managed by the Ecological Services Program of the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the fisheries division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA Fisheries2).
Species and critical habitats under the sole responsibility of NOAA Fisheries are not shown on this
list. Please contact NOAA Fisheries for species under their jurisdiction.
1. Species listed under the Endangered Species Act are threatened or endangered; IPaC also shows
species that are candidates, or proposed, for listing. See the listing status page for more
information. IPaC only shows species that are regulated by USFWS (see FAQ).
2. NOAA Fisheries, also known as the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), is an office of the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration within the Department of Commerce.
The following species are potentially affected by activities in this location:
Mammals
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2/9/22,4:11 PM III Explore Location resources
NAME STATUS
Northern Long-eared Bat Myotis septentrionalis Threatened
Wherever found
No critical habitat has been designated for this species.
https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/saec i es/9045
Insects
NAME STATUS
Monarch Butterfly Danaus plexippus Candidate
Wherever found
No critical habitat has been designated for this species.
hht ps://ecos.fvvs.gov/ecW5pecies/9743
Flowering Plants
NAME STATUS
Dwarf-flowered Heartleaf Hexastylis naniflora TI e dr
Whero critical
h V�
No critical habitat has been designated for this species. �
https://ecos.fws.gov ecp species/74458
Critical habitats
Potential effects to critical habitat(s) in this location must be analyzed along with the endangered
species themselves.
THERE ARE NO CRITICAL HABITATS AT THIS LOCATION.
Migratory birds
Certain birds are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Acts and the Bald and Golden Eagle
Protection Actz.
Any person or organization who plans or conducts activities that may result in impacts to migratory
birds, eagles, and their habitats should follow appropriate regulations and consider implementing
appropriate conservation measures, as described below.
1.The Migratory BirdTreaty Act of 1918.
2.The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act of 1940.
Additional information can be found using the following links:
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2/9/22,4:11 PM IPaC:Explore Location resources
• Birds of Conservation Concern http://www.fws gov/birds/man gement/man ged-species/
birds-of-conservation-concern.php
• Measures for avoiding and minimizing impacts to birds
hip://www.fws.gov/birds/ma nagement/project-assessment-tools-and-guidance/
conservation-measures.php
• Nationwide conservation measures for birds
hhttp://www.fws.gov/migratorvbirds/pdf/management/nationwidestandardconservationmeasures.pdf
The birds listed below are birds of particular concern either because they occur on the USFWS Birds
of Conservation Concern (BCC) list or warrant special attention in your project location. To learn
more about the levels of concern for birds on your list and how this list is generated, see the FAQ
below.This is not a list of every bird you may find in this location, nor a guarantee that every bird on
this list will be found in your project area. To see exact locations of where birders and the general
public have sighted birds in and around your project area, visit the E-bird data mapping too (Tip:
enter your location, desired date range and a species on your list). For projects that occur off the
Atlantic Coast, additional maps and models detailing the relative occurrence and abundance of bird
species on your list are available. Links to additional information about Atlantic Coast birds, and
other important information about your migratory bird list, including how to properly interpret and
use your migratory bird report, can be found below.
For guidance on when to schedule activities or implement avoidance and minimization measures to
reduce impacts to migratory birds on your list, click on the PROBABILITY OF PRESENCE SUMMARY at
the top of your list to see when these birds are most likely to be present and breeding in your
project area.
NAME w C
BREEDING SEASON(IF A
-BREED
O BREEDING SEASON IS INDICATED
FOR A BIRD ON YOUR LIST,THE
BIRD MAY BREED IN YOUR
---
PROJECT AREA SOMETIME WITHIN
THE TIMEFRAME SPECIFIED,
` WHICH IS A VERY LIBERAL
ESTIMATE OFTHE DATES INSIDE
WHICH THE BIRD BREEDS
ACROSS ITS ENTIRE RANGE.
"BREEDS ELSEWHERE" INDICATES
_._....----------.........................
__.._._...
THAT THE BIRD DOES NOT LIKELY
-..---.._.........................................
..
BREED IN YOUR PROJECT AREA.)
Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Breeds Sep 1 to Jul 31
This is not a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC)in this area, but
warrants attention because of the Eagle Act or for potential
susceptibilities in offshore areas from certain types of development
or activities.
fps://ecos.fws.gov/ecpLspecies/1 626
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2/g/22,4:11 PM IPaC:Explore Location resources
Eastern Whip-poor-will Antrostomus vociferus Breeds May 1 to Aug 20
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC)throughout its range in
the continental USA and Alaska.
Kentucky Warbler Oporornis formosus Breeds Apr 20 to Aug 20
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern(BCC)throughout its range in
the continental USA and Alaska.
Prairie Warbler Dendroica discolor Breeds May 1 to Jul 31
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern(BCC)throughout its range in
the continental USA and Alaska.
Prothonotary Warbler Protonotaria citrea Breeds Apr 1 to Jul 31
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern(BCC)throughout its range in
the continental USA and Alaska.
Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus Breeds May 10 to Sep 10
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern(BCC)throughout its range in
the continental USA and Alaska.
Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina Breeds May 10 to Aug 31
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern(BCC)throughout its range in
the continental USA and Alaska. f* �, J
Probability of Presence Summary
The graphs below provide our best understanding of when birds of concern are most likely to be
present in your project area. This information can be used to tailor and schedule your project
activities to avoid or minimize impacts to birds. Please make sure you read and understand the FAQ
"Proper Interpretation and Use of Your Migratory Bird Report" before using or attempting to
interpret this report.
Probability of Presence ( )
Each green bar represents the bird's relative probability of presence in the 10km grid cell(s)your
project overlaps during a particular week of the year. (A year is represented as 12 4-week months.)
A taller bar indicates a higher probability of species presence. The survey effort(see below) can be
used to establish a level of confidence in the presence score. One can have higher confidence in the
presence score if the corresponding survey effort is also high.
How is the probability of presence score calculated?The calculation is done in three steps:
1.The probability of presence for each week is calculated as the number of survey events in the
week where the species was detected divided by the total number of survey events for that
week. For example, if in week 12 there were 20 survey events and the Spotted Towhee was
found in 5 of them,the probability of presence of the Spotted Towhee in week 12 is 0.25.
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f r
2/9/22,4:11 PM IPaC:Explore Location resources
2.To properly present the pattern of presence across the year, the relative probability of presence
is calculated. This is the probability of presence divided by the maximum probability of presence
across all weeks. For example, imagine the probability of presence in week 20 for the Spotted
Towhee is 0.05, and that the probability of presence at week 12(0.25) is the maximum of any
week of the year. The relative probability of presence on week 12 is 0.25/0.25 = 1; at week 20 it is
0.05/0.25 =0.2.
3.The relative probability of presence calculated in the previous step undergoes a statistical
conversion so that all possible values fall between 0 and 10, inclusive. This is the probability of
presence score.
To see a bar's probability of presence score, simply hover your mouse cursor over the bar.
Breeding Season ( )
Yellow bars denote a very liberal estimate of the time-frame inside which the bird breeds across its
entire range. If there are no yellow bars shown for a bird, it does not breed in your project area.
Survey Effort(1)
Vertical black lines superimposed on probability of presence bars indicate the number of surveys
performed for that species in the 10km grid cell(s)your project area overlaps. The number of
surveys is expressed as a range, for example, 33 to 64 surveys.
To see a bar's survey effort range, simply hover your mouse cuff_s or over the bar.
No Data (—)
A week is marked as having no data if there w ents for that week.
Survey Timeframe ie"
Surveys from only the last 10 years are used In order to ensure delivery of currently relevant
information. The exception to this is areas off the Atlantic coast, where bird returns are based on all
years of available data, since data in these areas is currently much more sparse.
probability of presence breeding season I survey effort —no data
SPECIES ' ,h-- FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
E
N -
Vul rabla(This is
not a Bird of
Conservation
Concern(BCC)in
this area,but
warrants attention
because ofthe
Eagle Act or for
.................................
otential
susceptibilities in
offshore areas
.........................._..-..
from certain types
of development or
activities.)
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Eastern Whip- ---. _ . . . . . _ . __ . . _ - --
poor-will
BCC Rangewide
...........................................
(CON)(This is a
..........
Bird Bird of
Conservation
Co
......_..... _......_.._.._.
ncee rn(BCG)
throughout its
. ........
range in the
....__....--'-"--
continental............
and Alaska.)
Kentucky Warbler }+-- —+ +»+-« }-I-4 � }---
BCC Rangewide
T..............__. ....his_.._._..._.
(CON)(T is. a
Bird of
Conservation
Concern its
throughouttit its 4/
range in the
continental USA
and Alaska) I'�` `♦
Prairie Warbler --� _ —_.�—
__ . _
BCC Rangewide - yyy
(CON)(This is a
Bird of 0000
Conservation 0
Concern(BCC)
throughout its
range in the
continental USA
and Alaska.)
Prothonotary - i .- i " I I -
Warbler
BCC Rangewide
(COBird of drThis is a
Bird of
Conservation
Concern(BCC)
throughout its
range in the
continental USA
and Alaska.)
.._...._.-....
Red-headed I -- --r- -�--•-�-"- 'F-I--I--+- h --__Woodpecker
BCC BCC Rangewide
(CON)(This is a
Bird of
Conservation
Concern(BCC)
throughout its
range in the
continental USA
...._............
—__._.._._...
and Alaska.)
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M/22,4:11 PM IPaC:Explore Location resources
Wood Thrush ®® 11__ Al -1__
BCC Rangewide
(CON)............._......._.._.
(This is a
....._. .
Bird of
Conservation
Concern(BCQ
throughout its
range in the
continental USA
...............--._.._........
and Alaska.)
....._............_.............
Tell me more about conservation measures I can implement to avoid or minimize impacts to migratory birds.
Nationwide Conservation Measures describes measures that can help avoid and minimize impacts to all birds at
any location year round. Implementation of these measures is particularly important when birds are most likely to
occur in the project area.When birds may be breeding in the area, identifying the locations of any active nests and
avoiding their destruction is a very helpful impact minimization measure.To see when birds are most likely to
occur and be breeding in your project area,view the Probability of Presence Summary.Additional measures or
permits may be advisable depending on the type of activity you are conducting and the type of infrastructure or
bird species present on your project site.
What does IPaC use to generate the migratory birds potentially occurring in my specified location?
The Migratory Bird Resource List is comprised of USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern(BCC).and other species
that may warrant special attention in your project location. /"O V.
10*1
The migratory bird list generated for your project is derived from'dattaapprovided by the Avian Knowledge Network
(AKN).The AKIN data is based on a growing collection of survev, banding,and citizen science datasets and is
queried and filtered to return a list of those birds reported as occurring in the 10km grid cell(s)which your project
intersects,and that have been identified as warranting special attention because they are a BCC species in that
area,an eagle(Eagle Act requirements may apply), or a species that has a particular vulnerability to offshore
activities or development.
Again,the Migratory Bird Resource list includes only a subset of birds that may occur in your project area. It is not
representative of all birds that may occur in your project area.To get a list of all birds potentially present in your
project area, please visit the AKN Phenol ogy Too .
What does IPaC use to generate the probability of presence graphs for the migratory birds potentially
occurring in my specified location?
The probability of presence graphs associated with your migratory bird list are based on data provided by the
Avian Knowledge Network(AKN).This data is derived from a growing collection of survev, banding, and citizen
science datasets .
Probability of presence data is continuously being updated as new and better information becomes available.To
learn more about how the probability of presence graphs are produced and how to interpret them,go the
Probability of Presence Summary and then click on the"Tell me about these graphs" link.
How do I know if a bird is breeding,wintering, migrating or present year-round in my project area?
To see what part of a particular bird's range your project area falls within(i.e. breeding,wintering, migrating or
year-round),you may refer to the following resources:The Cornell Lab of Ornithology All About Birds Bird Guide, or
(if you are unsuccessful in locating the bird of interest there),the Cornell Lab of Ornithology Neotropical Birds
https://ipac.ecosphere.fws.govnocation/52KWJIY2SZGELBJ5RMERHQX2CE/resources 8111

2/9/22,4:11 PM IPaC:Explore Location resources
guide. If a bird on your migratory bird species list has a breeding season associated with it, if that bird does occur
in your project area,there may be nests present at some point within the timeframe specified. If"Breeds
elsewhere" is indicated,then the bird likely does not breed in your project area.
What are the levels of concern for migratory birds?
Migratory birds delivered through IPaC fall into the following distinct categories of concern:
1. 'BCC Rangewide" birds are Birds of Conservation Concern(BCC)that are of concern throughout their range
anywhere within the USA(including Hawaii, the Pacific Islands, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands);
2. 'BCC- BCR" birds are BCCs that are of concern only in particular Bird Conservation Regions(BCRs)in the
continental USA; and
3. "Non-BCC-Vulnerable" birds are not BCC species in your project area, but appear on your list either because
of the Eagle Act requirements(for eagles)or(for non-eagles)potential susceptibilities in offshore areas from
certain types of development or activities(e.g.offshore energy development or longline fishing).
Although it is important to try to avoid and minimize impacts to all birds, efforts should be made, in particular,to
avoid and minimize impacts to the birds on this list, especially eagles and BCC species of rangewide concern. For
more information on conservation measures you can implement to help avoid and minimize migratory bird
impacts and requirements for eagles, please see the FAQs for these topics.
Details about birds that are potentially affected by offshore projects
For additional details about the relative occurrence and abundance of both individual bird species and groups of
bird species within your project area off the Atlantic Coast, please visit the Northeast Ocean Data Portal.The Portal
also offers data and information about other taxa besides birds that may be helpful to you in your project review.
Alternately,you may download the bird model results files underlying the portal maps through the NOAA NCCOS
Integrative Statistical Modeling and Predictive Mapping of Marine Bird Distributions and Abundance on the Atlantic
Outer Continental Shelf project webpage.
Bird tracking data can also provide additional details about occurrence and habitat use throughout the year,
including migration. Models relying on survey data may not include this information. For additional information on
marine bird tracking data, see the Diving Bird Studv and the nanotag studies or contact Caleb Spjegej or Pater
Loring.
What if I have eagles on my list?
If your project has the potential to disturb or kill eagles,you may need to obtain a permit to avoid violating the
Eagle Act should such impacts occur.
Proper Interpretation and Use of Your Migratory Bird Report
The migratory bird list generated is not a list of all birds in your project area, only a subset of birds of priority
concern.To learn more about how your list is generated,and see options for identifying what other birds may be
in your project area, please see the FAQ"What does IPaC use to generate the migratory birds potentially occurring
in my specified location". Please be aware this report provides the"probability of presence"of birds within the 10
km grid cell(s)that overlap your project; not your exact project footprint. On the graphs provided, please also look
carefully at the survey effort(indicated by the black vertical bar)and for the existence of the"no data" indicator(a
red horizontal bar).A high survey effort is the key component. If the survey effort is high,then the probability of
presence score can be viewed as more dependable. In contrast,a low survey effort bar or no data bar means a lack
of data and,therefore, a lack of certainty about presence of the species.This list is not perfect; it is simply a
starting point for identifying what birds of concern have the potential to be in your project area,when they might
be there, and if they might be breeding(which means nests might be present).The list helps you know what to
look for to confirm presence,and helps guide you in knowing when to implement conservation measures to avoid
https://ipac.ecosphere.fWs.gov/location/52KWJIY2SZGELBJ5RMERHQX2CE/msources 9/11

2/9/22,4:11 PM IPaC:Explore Location resources
or minimize potential impacts from your project activities,should presence be confirmed.To learn more about
conservation measures,visit the FAQ"Tell me about conservation measures I can implement to avoid or minimize
impacts to migratory birds" at the bottom of your migratory bird trust resources page.
Facilities
National Wildlife Refuge lands
Any activity proposed on lands managed by the National Wildlife Refuge system must undergo a
'Compatibility Determination' conducted by the Refuge. Please contact the individual Refuges to
discuss any questions or concerns.
THERE ARE NO REFUGE LANDS ATTHIS LOCATION. "+
Fish hatcheries {
THERE ARE NO FISH HATCHERIES ATTHIS LOCATION.
oe� n
Wetlands in the National Wetlands Inventory
Impacts to NWI wetlands and other aquatic habitats may be subject to regulation under Section 404
of the Clean Water Act, or other State/Federal statutes.
For more information please contact the Regulatory Program of the local U.S.Army Corps of
Engineers District.
WETLAND INFORMATION IS NOTAVAILABLE ATTHIS TIME
This can happen when the National Wetlands Inventory(NWI) map service is unavailable, or for very
large projects that intersect many wetland areas. Try again, or visit the NWI map to view wetlands at
this location.
Data limitations
The Service's objective of mapping wetlands and deepwater habitats is to produce reconnaissance level
information on the location,type and size of these resources.The maps are prepared from the analysis of high
altitude imagery.Wetlands are identified based on vegetation,visible hydrology and geography.A margin of error
is inherent in the use of imagery;thus, detailed on-the-ground inspection of any particular site may result in
revision of the wetland boundaries or classification established through image analysis.
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2/g/22,4:11 PM IPaC:Explore Location resources
The accuracy of image interpretation depends on the quality of the imagery,the experience of the image analysts,
the amount and quality of the collateral data and the amount of ground truth verification work conducted.
Metadata should be consulted to determine the date of the source imagery used and any mapping problems.
Wetlands or other mapped features may have changed since the date of the imagery or field work.There may be
occasional differences in polygon boundaries or classifications between the information depicted on the map and
the actual conditions on site.
Data exclusions
Certain wetland habitats are excluded from the National mapping program because of the limitations of aerial
imagery as the primary data source used to detect wetlands.These habitats include seagrasses or submerged
aquatic vegetation that are found in the intertidal and subtidal zones of estuaries and nearshore coastal waters.
Some deepwater reef communities(coral or tuberficid worm reefs)have also been excluded,from the inventory.
These habitats, because of their depth,go undetected by aerial imagery.
Data precautions
Federal,state,and local regulatory agencies with jurisdiction over wetlands may define and describe,\vii6tla[r4ds in a
different manner than that used in this inventory.There is no attempt, in either the desigpgr pradudt of this
inventory,to define the limits of proprietary jurisdiction of any Federal,state,or local',gov6rnrrteneor to establish
the geographical scope of the regulatory programs of government agencies, Persons intending to engage in
activities involving modifications within or adjacent to wetland areas should'teek thexadvice of appropriate federal,
state,or local agencies concerning specified agency regulatory progtam4 and proprietary jurisdictions that may
affect such activities.
https:/Iipac.ecosphere.fws.gov/location/52KWJIY2SZGELBJ5RMERHQx2CE/resources 11/11

APPENDIX B
NCNHP Report

Roy Cooper,Governor
■s■
-ems NC DEPARTMENT OF D.Reid Wilson,Secretary
on win NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES Misty Buchanan
Deputy Director,Natural Heritage Program
NCNHDE-17108
February 9, 2022
Simon King
SWCA Environmental Consultants
4001 Winecott Drive
Apex, NC 27502
RE: Albemarle Main Boundary; 00070316-000-RDU
Dear Simon King:
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP) appreciates the opportunity to provide
information about natural heritage resources for the project referenced above.
Based on the project area mapped with your request, a query of the NCNHP database indicates that
there are no records for rare species, important natural communities, natural areas, and/or
conservation/managed areas within the proposed project boundary. Please note that although there
may be no documentation of natural heritage elements within the project boundary, it does not
imply or confirm their absence; the area may not have been surveyed. The results of this query
should not be substituted for field surveys where suitable habitat exists. In the event that rare
species are found within the project area, please contact the NCNHP so that we may update our
records.
The attached 'Potential Occurrences' table summarizes rare species and natural communities that
have been documented within a one-mile radius of the property boundary, The proximity of these
records suggests that these natural heritage elements may potentially be present in the project area
if suitable habitat exists.Tables of natural areas and conservation/managed areas within a one-mile
radius of the project area, if any, are also included in this report.
If a Federally-listed species is found within the project area or is indicated within a one-mile radius of
the project area, the NCNHP recommends contacting the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)for
guidance. Contact information for USFWS offices in North Carolina is found here:
hhttps//www.fws.aov/offices/pirectory/ListOffices.cfm?statecode=37.
Please note that natural heritage element data are maintained for the purposes of conservation
planning, project review, and scientific research, and are not intended for use as the primary criteria
for regulatory decisions. Information provided by the NCNHP database may not be published
without prior written notification to the NCNHP, and the NCNHP must be credited as an information
source in these publications. Maps of NCNHP data may not be redistributed without permission.
The NC Natural Heritage Program may follow this letter with additional correspondence if a
Dedicated Nature Preserve, Registered Heritage Area. Land and Water Fund easement, or Federally-
listed species are documented near the project area.
If you have questions regarding the information provided in this letter or need additional assistance,
please contact Rodney A. Butler at rod nev.butler(o)ncdcr.aov or 919-707-8603.
Sincerely,
NC Natural Heritage Program
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES
J,� I.:I V, IgPIE'- 6C!f f.nl.En;H N[270 1:,l M dER,L.E. fill'. •.,11 P.::I! rk 274o,
t,� OFC'1ib 'a' r,.-D • FAX i: - 'C'T:'

Natural Heritage Element Occurrences, Natural Areas, and Managed Areas Within a One-mile Radius of the Project Area
Albemarle Main Boundary
Project No. 00070316-000-RDU
February 9, 2022
NCNHDE-17108
Element Occurrences Documented Within a One-mile Radius of the Project Area
Taxonomic EO ID Scientific Name Common Name Last Element Accuracy Federal State Global State
Group Observation Occurrence Status Status Rank Rank
Date Rank
Mammal 38341 Peromyscus polionotusOld field Deermouse 1977 H 4-Low --- Special GS Sl
Concern
Natural 1261 Low Mountain Pine --- 2010 NR 4-Low --- --- G3G4 S2?
Community Forest (Montane Pine
Subtype)
Vascular Plant 17711 Pycnanthemum torreyi Torrey's Mountain-mint 1935-07-23 H 4-Low --- Significantly G2 S1
Rare
Throughout
No Natural Areas are Documented Within a One-mile Radius of the Project Area
Managed Areas Documented Within a One-mile Radius of the Project Area
Managed Area Name Owner Owner Type
City of Kings Mountain Open Space City of Kings Mountain Local Governrent
City of Kings Mountain Open Space City of Kings Mountain Local Government
City of Kings Mountain Open Space City of Kings Mountain Local Government
City of Kings Mountain Open Space City of Kings Mountain Local Government
Crowders Mountain State Park NC DNCR, Division of Parks and Recreation State
Definitions and an explanation of status designations and codes can be found at httns,//ncnhde natureserve ora/help.Data query generated on February 9.2022:source:NCNHP,04,January 2022.
Please resubmit your information request if more than one year elapses before project initiation as new information is continually added to the NCNHP database.
Page 2 of 3

NCNHDE-17108: Albemarle Main Boundary
I
y
I
1
N
W k
February 9,2022 1:39,070
E] Project Boundary 0 0.325 0.65 1.3 m.
Buffered Project Boundary 0 0.5 1 2 km
Managed Area(MAREA) wt�a.em.nenr.<mm...Imam.i�t l a.11.Guco.uses,
FPU,NM NNCMJ,C nllim IGN.NaE 4m NI,G�Wunm Survq,CN 3iW.
MEtI,1.C.111ry MpV ICE OMSI.Wp COnpp Wplt.eM IM GI5
usr.�wlmulnh
Page 3 of 3

Roy Cooper,Governor
/,=,//■
////* NC DEPARTMENT OF D.Reid Wesson,Secretary
�i•//C NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES
Misty Buchanan
Deputy Director,Natural Heritage Program
NCNHDE-17109
February 9, 2022
Simon King
SWCA Environmental Consultants
4001 Winecott Drive
Apex, NC 27502
RE: Albemarle Separate Parcel; 00070316-000-RDU
Dear Simon King:
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP) appreciates the opportunity to provide
information about natural heritage resources for the project referenced above.
A query of the NCNHP database indicates that there are records for rare species, important natural
communities, natural areas, and/or conservation/managed areas within the proposed project
boundary. These results are presented in the attached 'Documented Occurrences' tables and map.
The attached 'Potential Occurrences' table summarizes rare species and natural communities that
have been documented within a one-mile radius of the property boundary. The proximity of these
records suggests that these natural heritage elements may potentially be present in the project area
if suitable habitat exists, Tables of natural areas and conservation/managed areas within a one-mile
radius of the project area, if any, are also included in this report.
If a Federally-listed species is documented within the project area or indicated within a one-mile
radius of the project area, the NCNHP recommends contacting the US Fish and Wildlife Service
(USFWS) for guidance. Contact information for USFWS officess in North Carolina is found here:
httos//www.fws.goy/­offices/Directory/L stOffices.cfm?statecode=37.
Please note that natural heritage element data are maintained for the purposes of conservation
planning, project review, and scientific research, and are not intended for use as the primary criteria
for regulatory decisions. Information provided by the NCNHP database may not be published
without prior written notification to the NCNHP, and the NCNHP must be credited as an information
source in these publications. Maps of NCNHP data may not be redistributed without permission.
Also please note that the INC Natural Heritage Program may follow this letter with additional
correspondence if a Dedicated Nature Preserve, Registered Heritage Area, Land and Water Fund
easement, or an occurrence of a Federally-listed species is documented near the project area.
If you have questions regarding the information provided in this letter or need additional assistance,
please contact Rodney A. Butler at rodnev butler(alncdcr.gov or 919-707-8603.
Sincerely,
NC Natural Heritage Program
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES
Or 1.1 V. r,•'d. ,: r:, . B'I' . . '.-(NTI(.c,.1.Id.dl_rl(_i7:,1'1
( OFC ^ " ): • FAX A _ .

Natural Heritage Element Occurrences, Natural Areas, and Managed Areas Intersecting the Project Area
Albemarle Separate Parcel
Project No. 00070316-000-RDU
February 9, 2022
NCNHDE-17109
No Element Occurrences are Documented within the Project Area
There are no documented element occurrences (of medium to very high accuracy) that intersect with the project area. Please note, however, that although the
NCNHP database does not show records for rare species within the project area, it does not necessarily mean that they are not present: it may simply mean that
the area has not been surveyed. The use of Natural Heritage Program data should not be substituted for actual field surveys if needed, particularly if the project
area contains suitable habitat for rare species. If rare species are found, the NCNHP would appreciate receiving this information so that we may update our
database.
No Natural Areas are Documented within the Project Area
Managed Areas Documented Within Project Area
Managed Area Name Owner Owner Type
City of Kings Mountain Open Space City of Kings Mountain Local Government
NOTE. If the proposed project intersects with a conservation/managed area.please contact the landowner directly for additional information.If the project intersects with a Dedicated Nature Preserve
(DNP),Registered Natural Heritage Area(RHA).or Federally-listed species.NCNHP staff may provide additional correspondence regarding the project.
Definitions and an explanation of status designations and codes can be found at httos,//ncnhde.natureserve.ora/help.Data query generated on February 9,2022;source:NCNHP,04,January 2022.
Please resubmit your information request if more than one year elapses before project initiation as new information is continually added to the NCNHP database.
Page 2 of 5

Natural Heritage Element Occurrences, Natural Areas, and Managed Areas Within a One-mile Radius of the Project Area
Albemarle Separate Parcel
Project No. 00070316-000-RDU
February 9, 2022
NCNHDE-17109
Element Occurrences Documented Within a One-mile Radius of the Project Area
Taxonomic EO ID Scientific Name Common Name Last Element Accuracy Federal State Global State
Group Observation Occurrence Status Status Rank Rank
Date Rank
Butterfly 12302 Satyrium favonius Northern Oak 2001-05-15 C? 3-Medium --- Significantly G4G5T S2S3
ontario Hairstreak Rare 4
Natural 18325 Dry Oak--Hickory 2010 B? 4-Low --- --- G4G5 S4
Community Forest (Piedmont
Subtype)
Natural 8178 Low Elevation Rocky --- 2010 A 2-High --- --- G3? S2
Community Summit (Acidic
Subtype)
Natural 1261 Low Mountain Pine 2010 NR 4-Low --- --- G3G4 S2?
Community Forest (Montane Pine
Subtype)
Natural 5921 Piedmont Monadnock --- 2010 AB 2-High --- --- G3G4 S3
Community Forest (Typic Subtype)
Reptile 34819 Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake 2019-08-20 E 3-Medium --- Special G4 S3
Concern
Reptile 504 Sistrurus miliarius Carolina Pigmy 1990-Fall H? 3-Medium --- Special G5T4T S2
miliarius Rattlesnake Concern 5
Vascular Plant 516 Asplenium bradleyi Bradley's Spleenwort 2006-11-09 B 3-Medium --- Significantly G4 S2
Rare
Peripheral
Vascular Plant 19543 Fothergilla major Large Witch-alder 1919-05 H 4-Low --- Significantly G3 S3
Rare
Throughout
Vascular Plant 23605 Juniperus communis Dwarf Juniper 2003-08-15 E 3-Medium --- Threatened G5T5 51
var. depressa
Vascular Plant 3853 Juniperus communis Dwarf Juniper 2003-08-15 E 3-Medium --- Threatened G5T5 Sl
var. depressa
Vascular Plant 23408 Juniperus communis Dwarf Juniper 2018-06-15 E 2-High --- Threatened G5T5 Sl
var. depressa
Page 3 of 5 '

Element Occurrences Documented Within a One-mile Radius of the Project Area >
Taxonomic EO ID Scientific Name Common Name Last Element Accuracy Federal State Global State
Group Observation Occurrence Status Status Rank Rank
Date Rank
Vascular Plant 17711 Pycnanthemum torreyl Torrey's Mountain-mint 1935-07-23 H 4-Low --- Significantly G2 Sl
Rare
Throughout
Vascular Plant 1485 Quercus ilicifolia Bear Oak 2003-08-15 E 3-Medium --- Endangered GS S2
Vascular Plant 863 Thermopsis mollis Appalachian Golden- 2001-06-15 E 2-High --- Significantly G3G4 S2
banner Rare
Throughout
Natural Areas Documented Within a One-mile Radius of the Project Area
Site Name Representational Rating Collective Rating
Crowders Mountain State Park and Vicinity R2 (Very High) C2 (Very High)
Managed Areas Documented Within a One-mile Radius of the Project Area
Managed Area Name Owner Owner Type
City of Kings Mountain Open Space City of Kings Mountain Local Government
City of Kings Mountain Open Space City of Kings Mountain Local Government
Crowders Mountain State Park INC DNCR, Division of Parks and Recreation State
Crowders Mountain State Park Dedicated Nature NC DNCR, Division of Parks and Recreation State
Preserve
Definitions and an explanation of status designations and codes can be found at https//ncnhde natireserye pro/help.Data query generated on February 9,2022:source:NCNHP,04,January 2022.
Please resubmit your information request if more than one year elapses before project Initiation as new Information is continually added to the NCNHP database.
Page 4 of 5

NCNHDE-17109: Albemarle Separate Parcel
N ,� �.
lNGS ID 4 .
February 9,2022 1:31,323
❑ Project Boundary 0 0.275 ass tl MI
Buttered Project Boundary 0 0.425 0.85 t 7 km
NHP Natural Area NHNA s��,.++ r,� m:w anm� •m.Tw. �uwm�i com.rrieo,usr.::,
( ) rnn,xvs,msau�a.oiG...�<;n.�K.nnvMw.omo-.�n.v'orvm,r:�i.i..w�.
ri::
EJManaged Area(MAREA) °w1p'......
Page 5 of S

APPENDIX C
Survey Map

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m
ALEENfARLE KINGS MOUNTA1N 0 American Bittersweet Habitat Survey Area Cleveland County,INC o 1,000
MINE ❑SGS 1.5'Quadrangle: �pflpf$
Appendix Smooth Sunflower Habitat Survey Area Mngs Mountain,NC,35081.83 o 2so 50
NAO 1983 aM Zone V N ----
F ig u re 1 35.2141-N 81.348-W
Project N �I
Smooth A
Sunflower and a ze.1 E.nAm ,$pmm0 1:24,000
American aN=rcmp•(2p2=
a uppft eo +m"'0 �� y �/� A
Bittersweet p qrd No... Wf`rA
LBY .7.31%TE S W01
Survey Areas Apn)0319 iE-$pecey pynOxxw(u cOxSui(nn.•