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Executive Summary
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION TO THE LAND USE PLAN PROCESS
The Town of Ocean Isle Beach, like most coastal communities in southeastern North
Carolina and northeastern South Carolina, has seen steadily increasing growth and
development in its jurisdiction over the last thirty years. This increase in development has
been primarily attributed to increases in tourism and increases in the retiree population
relocating to coastal areas. The desire to live in and visit coastal areas has inevitably led to
certain types of development and land uses that place stress on those very characteristics
that make the coast a desirable place to be. Land use planning can play an integral part in
avoiding or mitigating some of the negative side effects of rapid development by
anticipating potential problems and establishing management goals and policies to support
growth.
The U.S. Congress initiated the first structured form of coastal land use planning in the
country with the passage of the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) in 1972. CZMA
encouraged coastal states to preserve their coasts by establishing programs to manage and
protect coastal resources. North Carolina passed its Coastal Area Management Act, known
as CAMA, in 1974. CAMA established the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC) to guide
growth and development in the 20 coastal counties. CAMA also provided a program
framework for regulating development activity in coastal areas and required local land use
planning in the 20 coastal counties.
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Executive Summary Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
THE FUNCTION AND UTILITY OF THE LAND USE PLAN
There are four key functions of a land use plan. First, a land use plan provides a source of
information for establishing public policy and making growth and development decisions.
The planning process helps provide knowledge and understanding of the local area's
population, demographics, economy, natural environment, community capacity for growth,
and overall development trends. Secondly, a plan's policies provide guidance for future
decision -making on public and capital investment, as well as zoning and other development
regulations. The third function of a plan is to provide a preview or predictor of future
government action. The public, local government staff, and developers are better informed
and able to understand and predict how a government will make decisions if a plan is in
place and its policies are followed. The fourth function of a plan and the on -going planning
process is to provide the general public, the Planning Board, staff, and elected officials the
opportunity to address and discuss issues important to the local area and to shape policies
and regulations to best meet the goals of the community.
THE CAMA PERMIT PROCESS
The Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) requires
permits for any development in specially designated areas
called Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC). In Ocean
Isle Beach, AECs are generally those areas that are in close
proximity to water (ocean, ICWW, creeks, etc.) or marsh
(wetlands). A CAMA permit must be acquired if a
development project meets all of the following conditions:
• The project is located within one of the 20 coastal counties of North Carolina;
• The project is considered "development" under CAMA;
• The project is within, or affects, an Area of Environmental Concern established by
the Coastal Resources Commission;
• The project does not qualify for an exemption.
WHAT QUALIFIES AS A CAMA REGULATED DEVELOPMENT PROJECT?
Besides construction of residential and commercial buildings in an Area of Environmental
Concern, "development" also generally includes activities such as dredging or filling coastal
wetlands or waters, and construction of marinas, piers, docks, bulkheads, oceanfront
structures and roads. The Coastal Area Management Act (NCGS 113A-103(5)(a)) defines a
development project as: "any activity in a duly designated area of environmental concern
involving, requiring or consisting of the construction or enlargement of a structure;
excavation; dredging; filling; dumping; removal of clay, silt, sand, gravel or minerals;
bulkheading; driving of pilings; clearing or alteration of land as an adjunct of construction;
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Executive Summary
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
alteration or removal of sand dunes; alteration of the shore, bank or bottom of the Atlantic
Ocean or any sound, bay, river, creek, stream, lake or canal".
WHAT IS AN AREA OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN (AEQ ?
According to the Division of Coastal
Management's (DCM) CAMA Handbook for
Development in Coastal North Carolina,
protecting and managing Areas of
Environmental Concern is the basis for the
CAMA permitting program. An AEC is generally
an area of natural significance, which requires
special management because it may be easily
destroyed by erosion, flooding, or human
activity; or it may have environmental, social,
economic, or aesthetic values that make it a valuable resource. The CRC designates
particular areas as AECs to protect them from unmanaged development, which may cause
irreversible damage to property, public health, or the environment. AECs cover almost all
`navigable' coastal waters and about 3 percent of the land in the 20 coastal counties. As
mentioned earlier, in Ocean Isle Beach the AECs are generally those areas that are in close
proximity to water (ocean, ICWW, creeks, etc.) or marsh (wetlands).
The Coastal Resources Commission has established the following categories of AECs:
• The Estuarine and Ocean System (coastal wetlands, public trust and estuary waters,
and estuarine shoreline);
• The Ocean Hazard System (ocean erodible setback area, un-vegetated beach area,
and inlet hazard area);
• Public Water Supplies (small surface water supply watershed and public water
supply well -fields); and
• Natural and Cultural Resource Areas (coastal complex natural areas, coastal areas
that sustain remnant species, unique coastal geologic formations, significant coastal
archaeological resources and significant coastal historical archeological resources).
A development project is likely in an AEC if it is:
• in, or on the shore of, navigable waters within the 20 CAMA counties;
• on a marsh or wetland;
• within 75 feet of the normal high water line along an estuarine shoreline;
• near the ocean beach (e.g. within 60'-120');
• near an inlet;
• within 30 feet of the normal high water level of areas designated as inland fishing
waters by the N.C. Marine Fisheries Commission and the N.C. Wildlife Resources
Commission;
• near a public water supply; or
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Executive Summary Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
• within 575 feet of Outstanding Resource Waters defined by the Environmental
Management Commission.
For more information on the CAMA Handbook for Development in Coastal North Carolina
and for mitigating steps required during development, please visit the Division of Coastal
Management website or contact the Ocean Isle Beach Planning Department.
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF CAMA PERMITS?
There are currently three types of development permits: major permits, general permits,
and minor permits. The Division of Coastal Management (DCM) makes permit decisions
after considering agency and public comments, and after determining whether a proposed
project meets CRC rules and is consistent with the policies of the local government's land
use plan.
The CAMA permit system is divided into major and minor permits based on the potential
impacts and size of a development project.
Major permits are necessary for activities that require other state or federal permits
(such as stormwater and sedimentation control), for projects that cover more than 20 acres,
or for construction covering more than 60,000 square feet. Applications for major permits
are reviewed by 10 state and 4 federal agencies before a decision is made.
Minor permits are required for projects, such as single-family houses, that do not require
major permits or general permits. Permits are reviewed, issued and administered to CRC
standards by local governments under contract with the Division of Coastal Management.
The Town of Ocean Isle Beach issues CAMA minor permits.
General permits are used for routine projects that usually have little or no threat to the
environment.
Some development may be authorized by an exemption certificate. Section 103(5)(b) of the
Coastal Area Management Act exempts the following activities from permitting
requirements:
• road maintenance within a public right-of-way;
• utility maintenance on projects that already have CAMA permits;
• energy facilities covered by other laws or N.C. Utilities Commission rules;
• agricultural or forestry production that doesn't involve the excavation or filling of
estuarine or navigable waters or coastal marshland (Note: these activities are not
exempt from permitting requirements under the state's Dredge and Fill Law);
• agricultural or forestry ditches less than 6 feet wide and 4 feet deep;
• emergency maintenance and repairs when life and property are in danger; or
• the construction of an accessory building usually found with an existing structure, if
no filling of estuarine or navigable waters or coastal marshland is involved.
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Executive Summary Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
COMMUNITY CONCERNS AND ASPIRATIONS
The identification of growth related concerns and aspirations by the public and local
leaders helps to determine the most problematic issues facing the community. These
community concerns and aspirations are based on public input, community survey results,
steering committee feedback, and discussion with Town staff.
Top 5 Public Input Priorities
The survey results and comments provided by respondents indicate significant issues that
are of importance to residents of Ocean Isle Beach. Based on the survey results, the top five
public input priorities were developed. It should be noted that these priorities are goals and
intentions of the survey respondents and are to serve merely as a resource. These priorities
are by no means a mandate for future funding or policy change. The priorities are listed in
order of significance.
1. Protect the beach and encourage continued storm damage reduction to ensure
future enjoyment of the Town's natural resources.
2. Prioritize the installation of bicycle and pedestrian facilities in an effort to enhance
the safety of non -motorized users for permanent and seasonal residents.
3. On the island, redevelop existing business centers and limit the construction of strip
malls and box stores.
4. Manage development density in both residential and commercial areas.
S. Increase parking availability and public access to amenities through facility
enhancement and land acquisition to support tourism and year-round coastal
lifestyle activities.
VISION STATEMENT
The Vision Statement of Ocean Isle Beach is intended to be a general and brief statement
about the Town's main preferences for future growth. The Vision Statement should be
based on a consensus of the views of community citizens and community representatives.
To maximize the utility and scope of the Vision Statement of Ocean Isle Beach, community
priority issues, local citizen input, and the preferences of the local government were all
considered during the statement creation process.
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Executive Summary
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
2016 Town of Ocean Isle Beach Vision Statement:
GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND POLICIES
INTRODUCTION
The goals, objectives, and policies are numbered as can be found in their respective
chapters of the plan. The Town has established a set of land use and development related
policies to act as guidelines during any official decision making process. These policies and
goals provide citizens, property owners, and developers with a predictability of official
actions. Each CAMA management topic is covered herein: Water Quality, Natural Hazard
Areas, Infrastructure Carrying Capacity, Public Access and Recreation, and Land Use
Compatibility.
It should be noted that these topic areas are developed as part of the Division of Coastal
Management's 7B Land Use Planning Guidelines.
Refer to Appendix A for Definitions of actions words contained within the policy section.
WATER QUALITYAND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Goal 3.1: Maintain, protect and where possible enhance the natural environment and
water quality in all coastal wetlands, rivers, streams, and estuaries.
Objective 3.1.A: Protect the Natural Environment of Ocean Isle Beach: The Town shall
take actions designed to protect and where possible enhance and restore the sensitive
natural resources located in and adjacent to the Town of Ocean Isle Beach.
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Executive Summary
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Policy 3.1.A.1: Surface Water Quality: The Town of Ocean Isle Beach shall
continue to take actions that protect and enhance the water quality of the estuarine
system.
Recommended Action 3.1.A.1.a: The Town will continue to partner with
Brunswick County Utilities to ensure that wastewater is treated at a tertiary
level to protect surface and groundwater quality.
Recommended Action 3.1.A.1.b: The Town will work with County and state
officials to improve the quality of surface waters that drain to the
Intracoastal Waterway.
Policy 3.1.A.2: Sewage Treatment: The Town will continue to partner with
Brunswick County Utilities for tertiary wastewater treatment within its
incorporated area as a means to preserve water quality.
Policy 3.1.A.3: Stormwater Runoff: The Town will continue to enforce the
stormwater management ordinance with requirements for engineered plans,
stormwater controls, and maintenance agreements for all new development and
redevelopment.
Policy 3.1.A.4: Reduction of Existing Stormwater Discharges: The Town shall
utilize structural and non-structural BMPs designed to reduce the quantity and
increase the quality of existing stormwater discharges.
Recommended Action 3.1.A.4.a: When state roads are repaired or
resurfaced, where practicable, the Town shall require the Department of
Transportation (DOT) to use infiltration systems and other structural or
nonstructural BMPs necessary to treat stormwater generated from road
surfaces. When Town roads are repaired or resurfaced, the Town shall seek
state funding to assist with its efforts to treat stormwater generated by road
surfaces using infiltration devices and other structural and nonstructural
BMPs.
Policy 3.1.A.S: Stormwater Discharges from Municipal Sources: Where
practicable, the Town shall eliminate stormwater discharges resulting from
municipal activities. Where elimination is not possible, the Town shall mitigate the
sources of stormwater discharges to the maximum extent practicable.
Recommended Action 3.1.A.S.a: The staff of the Public Utilities Department
shall expand its efforts to identify and eliminate stormwater discharges
resulting from the Town's municipal activities.
Policy 3.1.A.6: Low Impact Development (LID). The Town supports Low Impact
Development practices implemented in the Lockwood's Folly watershed and other
similar coastal watersheds. Such LID practices may include retaining/infiltrating
most of the runoff on -site, maximizing the use of permeable pavements, reducing
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Executive Summary
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
the amount of impervious coverage, and clustering housing to allow a profitable
development density while maximizing open space.
Policy 3.1.A.7: Development Along Finger Canals: Due to the sensitive nature of
the finger canals located within the Town, only single-family residential structures
are encouraged adjacent to the canals.
Policy 3.1.A.B: Estuarine System: The Town shall continue to give priority to
those uses which are compatible with appropriate management of the Estuarine
System; development occurring within the Town should be compatible so as to
minimize the likelihood of significant loss of private property and public resources.
Policy 3.1.A.9: Personal Watercraft and Public Trust Resources: The Town
shall seek to ensure the responsible use of jet skis and other watercraft within the
Public Trust Areas of Ocean Isle Beach to protect the marshes and other shallow
water estuaries where damage to the resource is likely.
Policy 3.1.A.10: Development of Sound and Estuarine System Islands: The
Town discourages the development of "conservation spoil" islands; however, the
Town believes that existing structures in the spoil easement area (generally now
known as Laurinburg, Monroe, Fairmont, Wilmington, Craven and Concord Street
areas) would be recognized and protected.
Policy 3.1.A.11: Commercial and Residential Fisheries: The Town supports
federal and state projects which increase the productivity of coastal and estuarine
waters. Projects such as dredging to increase flushing along tidal waters, oyster
reseeding programs, and properly constructed artificial reefs will be supported.
Policy 3.1.A.12: Shellfishing Waters: The Town supports and promotes the
activities of the State's Shellfish Management Program. The Town promotes
estuarine water quality through its soil erosion and sedimentation provisions and
by supporting the CAMA major permitting regulations.
Policy 3.1.A.13: Trawling Activities in Estuarine Waters: The Town of Ocean
Isle Beach urges the State of North Carolina to prohibit trawling and purse seine
fishing including fishing for menhaden within one nautical mile of the Ocean Isle
Beach coastline and to ban gill net fishing throughout the year.
Policy 3.1.A.14: Local Clean Up Efforts: The Town supports the "Big Sweep"
beach cleanup program through the local "Trash Bash" program and all similar
efforts to enhance the cleanliness of the natural environment.
Policy 3.1.A.15: Solid Waste Disposal & Recycling: The Town supports measures
to recycle and reduce the amount of solid waste generated by residents, visitors, and
businesses.
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Executive Summary Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Recommended Action 3.1.A.15.a: Implement an island -wide recycling
program to reduce solid waste generation (in effect as of January 2017).
Policy 3.1.A.16: Areas that Sustain Remnant Species: All development plans for
areas that contain remnant species will be carefully reviewed prior to the issuance
of development permits.
Policy 3.1.A.17: Prime Wildlife Habitats: The Town will continue to protect its
prime wildlife habitats by enforcing the CAMA major and minor permitting
program.
Policy 3.1.A.18: Turtle Nesting Areas: The Town shall work to protect habitat
areas used for turtle nesting.
Policy 3.1.A.19: Protection of Wetlands of Highest Functional Significance: It
is Town policy to protect freshwater wetlands, marshes, and 404 wetlands within its
planning jurisdiction in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.
Policy 3.1.A.20: Marsh Damage from Bulkhead Installation: Damage to existing
marshes or beaches by bulkhead installation, or seawalls should be minimized
where possible. Maintenance and repair of existing bulkheads is required.
NATURAL HAZARD AREAS
Goal 3.2: Conserve and maintain barrier dunes, beaches, flood plains, coastal wetlands,
and other coastal features for their natural storm protection functions and their natural
resources giving recognition to public health, safety, and welfare issues.
Objective 3.2.A: Protect Against Damage from Hurricanes, Severe Weather or Other
Hazards: The Town will be proactive in its efforts to minimize damage and threats to
public health and safety associated with hurricanes, severe weather, and other hazards and
work to implement the Southeastern NC Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan (2016).
Policy 3.2.A.1: Discouragement of Hazardous Development: The Town shall
use a variety of methods, including CAMA setback requirements and the Flood
Damage Prevention Ordinance, to discourage the development of property that can
be reasonably foreseen as potentially hazardous. This policy shall have deference
for the rights of private property owners.
Policy 3.2.A.2: Flood Prone Areas: All uses allowed in the Town's Zoning
Ordinance shall be permissible in the 100-year flood zones, provided that all new
construction and substantial improvements comply strictly to the Town's Flood
Damage Prevention Ordinance, which has been adopted in conjunction with Ocean
Isle Beach's participation in the National Flood Insurance Program.
Recommended Action 3.2.A.2.a: Ocean Isle Beach will continue to
participate in the National flood Insurance Program, enforce the Flood
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Executive Summary Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Damage Prevention Ordinance, and enforce height limits based upon base
flood elevations.
Policy 3.2.A.3: Flood Insurance: The Town shall take actions necessary to reduce
the cost of flood insurance to property owners by maintaining or improving the
Community Rating System Status (CRS).
Recommended Action 3.2.A.3.a: Continue to train Town staff on the steps
that can be taken to improve the CRS rating for Ocean Isle Beach.
Policy 3.2.A.4: Wave Action and Shoreline Erosion: Ocean Isle Beach will
continue compliance with the CAMA development permit process for estuarine
shoreline areas and the requisite development standards which may encourage
both shoreline stabilization and facilitation of proper drainage.
Recommended Action 3.2.A.4.a: The Town will continue to look for ways to
stabilize the Inlet Hazard Areas.
Policy 3.2.A.S: Land Acquisition: The Town supports the acquisition of property
that is unsuitable for development due to coastal hazards when such acquisition
serves a useful public purpose such as access to the beach or sound. Acquisition of
appropriate properties is also encouraged by federal and state agencies.
Policy 3.2.A.6: Funding for Land Acquisition and Coastal Amenities: The Town
shall investigate outside funding sources for land acquisition, public access, and
coastal amenities and shall encourage gifts and donations for tax credits as a
mitigation measure for future storm events.
Policy 3.2.A.7: High Winds: Ocean Isle Beach supports enforcement of the NC
State Building Code. The Town will continue to require construction design
standards to meet the minimum required wind loads.
Policy 3.2.A.B: Manmade Hazards: The Town of Ocean Isle Beach strives to
reduce the hazards of the airport thought implementation of its airport zoning
ordinance which restricts land uses and building heights in the surrounding vicinity.
Policy 3.2.A.9: Minimize Potential Fire Damage: Reduce the risk of damage from
urban fires as a result of future development.
Policy 3.2.A.10: Coastal Storm Damage Reduction: The Town of Ocean Isle
Beach supports all coastal storm damage reduction programs, including the use of
terminal groins and sandbag revetment. Such activities must be done in an
environmentally sensitive fashion and with respect to impacts on surrounding
properties.
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Executive Summary
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Recommended Action 3.2.A.10.a: Town officials will continue to lobby
federal, state, and county officials to provide financial support for coastal
storm damage reduction activities.
Recommended Action 3.2.A.10.b: The Town will develop a strategy for
sustainable, long-term sources for funding ongoing coastal storm damage
reduction in the event that federal or state funding for coastal storm damage
reduction projects is reduced.
Policy 3.2.A.11: 30-Year Beach Management Plan: The Town supports the
findings of the 2015 Ocean Isle Beach 30-Year Beach Management Plan.
Recommended Action 3.2.A.4.a: The Town will implement the
recommendations of the island -wide management program outlined in the
2015 30-Year Beach management Plan.
Recommended Action 3.2.A.4.b: The Town will initiate efforts to complete
the required environmental documents necessary for the receipt of permits
for construction of projects identified within the 30-Year Beach management
Plan.
Policy 3.2.A.12: Spoil Sites: Ocean Isle Beach will continue to provide direct
assistance to the US Army Corps of Engineers by helping obtain or provide spoil
sites for coastal storm damage reduction projects. Ocean Isle Beach is generally
supportive of keeping new development out of designated spoil sites; however, the
Town believes that existing structures in the original spoil easement areas should be
recognized and protected.
Policy 3.2.A.13: Bulldozing: The Town shall continue to enforce its ordinance on
the prohibition of beach bulldozing with the exception of the following
circumstances:
When such work is performed as a part of a hurricane or erosion protection
project or beach nourishment project sponsored by the town or any local,
state or federal governmental agency;
When such work is performed at the direction of the town for the purpose of
beach maintenance;
■ When such work is performed by any nongovernmental person or entity to
protect primary structures (not including walkways to the ocean beach,
swimming pools, or accessory use structures), that are imminently
threatened as a result of severe erosion of the ocean beaches or the sand
dune structure, but only upon receipt of a permit for such work from the
local CAMA permitting officer after a finding by such officer that the structure
is imminently threatened ("imminently threatened" means that the
foundation of the structure is less than 20 feet from the tow of the erosion
scarp and/or the sewer system is exposed); or
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Executive Summary
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
■ When such work is authorized by the board of commissioners following a
natural disaster or other extreme weather event. The property owner shall
file an application with the town setting forth the reasons why this action is
necessary to protect the property of the owner or is in the public interests. In
the event that the board authorizes the requested action, the board may
place any conditions or requirements upon the authorization that it deems to
be in the best interest of the town and public.
Policy 3.2.A.14: Emergency Response Plan: The Town shall update its Emergency
Response Plan yearly in concert with county and state emergency management
officials, and with input from Town residents. The plan shall encompass pre -storm
and immediate post storm activities and policies of the Town. Issues addressed in
the Hurricane Management Plan include:
■ Criteria for issuing building permits in a post storm setting
■ Orderly issuance of building permits in a post -storm setting
■ Sequence of restoration for public utilities and services
■ Public infrastructure repair and replacement
■ Beach re-entry
■ Debris pick-up
■ Damage assessment
■ Evacuation procedures
■ Recovery Task Force membership and duties
■ Public health and safety issues
Policy 3.2.A.15: Evacuation Shelters: In conjunction with the Brunswick County
Emergency Management Department, the Town will ensure that all evacuation
shelters are well -publicized, accessible, and meet national standards for public
safety and supplies.
Policy 3.2.A.16: Public Education: Ensure that the public is aware of the risks of
different types of natural hazards in order to reduce their personal exposure to
natural hazards.
Recommended Action 3.2.A.16.a: The Planning and Building Inspections
Department shall implement a public education program designed to help
inform the public about their exposure to natural hazards and actions they
can take to mitigate potential damage to public health, safety, and property
from natural disasters. This includes, but is not limited to:
Ensure the local library maintains documents about flood insurance,
flood protection, floodplain management, and natural and beneficial
functions of floodplains. Many documents are available free of charge
from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA);
Encourage builders, developers and architects to become familiar with
the NFIP's land use and building standards;
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Executive Summary Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Provide local real estate agents with handouts advising potential buyers
to investigate potential flood hazards for the property they are
considering purchasing;
Advertise the availability of flood insurance on an annual basis; and,
Post hazard related information on the Town's website and distribute
appropriate educational materials.
Objective 3.2.13: Post -Storm Recovery: In the period following a hurricane, severe
weather event, or other disaster, the Town will work as quickly as possible to restore
essential services related to public health, safety and welfare.
Policy 3.2.13.1: Municipal Emergency Center: The Town supports the concept of
an off -island emergency Town center to assist during the recovery process
associated with natural disasters.
Recommended Action 3.2.B.1.a: The Town has purchased land for the
construction of a new Town Hall on the mainland. It should be designed in a
manner that allows it to be used as an emergency Town center in the event
that the Island has to be evacuated.
Policy 3.2.B.2: Redevelopment of Developed Areas: It is the policy of the Town
to allow redevelopment of previously developed areas including the relocation of
endangered structures. It is the Town's policy that density allowances for
redevelopment areas conform to existing Town building and zoning requirements.
Policy 3.2.B.3: Mutual Aid: The Town shall maintain established mutual aide
agreements and where necessary develop new agreements to assist with post -storm
event clean-up, damage assessment, and reconstruction activities.
Policy 3.2.B.4: Staging Schedule for Reconstruction and Repair: The staging
schedule for the re-establishment of essential services and the reconstruction and
repair of properties damaged in a storm event depends on the severity of the storm
and the damage inflicted. The Town will work to restore essential services related
to public health, safety and welfare first. Properties suffering minor damage will be
issued permits as expeditiously as possible. Properties suffering major damage will
generally be allowed to implement temporary protective measures designed to
protect their property from further damage or to correct public safety problems.
Policy 3.2.B.5: Building Permits: The Town shall issue building permits as
expeditiously as possible to property owners who have received minor damage
after storm events. If a structure is damaged more than 50% of the value of the
structure, the property owner will have to rebuild or modify the structure to meet
current ordinances and building standards.
Policy 3.2.B.6: Public Infrastructure Repair and Replacement: The Town shall
maintain assessments of current infrastructure usage and need for expansion,
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Executive Summary
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
repair, or replacement. Following major storm events, the Town will work with all
applicable agencies to assess damage to public infrastructure at the earliest possible
time. Damage that affects public health and safety will be corrected as soon as
practicable. Damage to existing infrastructure will also be evaluated for potential
opportunities for repair or expansion consistent with existing capital improvement
and repair needs. Long term repair or replacement of infrastructure will be
prioritized based on resources available, impact on the integrity of the
infrastructure, mitigation of future hazard situations, the Town's capital
improvement program.
Policy 3.2.13.7: Electrical Outages: Reduce the frequency of electrical outages and
length of time such outages last after hurricanes and severe storm events.
Policy 3.2.13.8: Post -Storm Hazard Mitigation: Develop specific and timely
recommendations for implementing hazard mitigation measures contained in the
Southeastern NC Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan (2016) following a state or
federally declared natural disaster.
Recommended Action 3.2.13.8.a: In the event that the President declares
Ocean Isle Beach a disaster area, the Planning Department shall apply for
funding from the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) for priority
projects.
INFRASTRUCTURE CARRYING CAPACITY
Goal 4.1: To ensure that public infrastructure systems are appropriately sized, located and
managed so the quality and productivity of the Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC) and
other fragile areas are protected and restored.
Objective 4.1.A: Ensure that the location and capacity of public infrastructure is consistent
with the Town's growth and development goals.
Policy 4.1.A.1: Local Commitment to Providing Services to Development: It is
the policy of the Town that developers/owners share in the financial responsibility
of providing basic utility services such as water and sewer.
Policy 4.1.A.2: Operation of Water and Wastewater Facilities: The Town shall
ensure efficient uninterrupted operation of water and wastewater facilities for
Town residents.
Recommended Action 4.1.A.2.a: The Town will continue to work closely
with Brunswick County to ensure that there is adequate sewage treatment
capacity to serve year round and seasonal populations within the
incorporated area of Ocean Isle Beach.
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Executive Summary Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Recommended Action 4.1.A.3.a: Town officials will consider providing
hurricane floats and generator sockets at all pump stations to discourage
service loss in the event of power outage.
Policy 4.1.A.3: Maintaining Drinking Water Supplies: The Town will consider
modifying its water purchase agreement with the Brunswick County Utility
Department in the five to ten years to meet estimated growing demand.
Policy 4.1.A.4: Soils and Septic Tank Suitability: Growth and development will
not be permitted in the ETJ where septic tanks will not function and where sewer
service is not available. All septic tanks must be in compliance with State Health
Regulations as administered by the Brunswick County Health Department.
Policy 4.1.A.S: Maintaining Adequate Fire Protection: The Town will work with
the Brunswick County Utility Department to ensure that adequate water pressure is
available to meet fire suppression as needed to keep pace with the demands of the
growing seasonal population.
Policy 4.1.A.6: Bridge and Road Improvements: The Town supports state and
federal bridge and road improvement programs. The addition of a second bridge
from the mainland to the Island will help alleviate traffic congestion associated with
a growing seasonal population.
Recommended Action 4.1.A.6.a: Town officials will continue to work with
NCDOT and GSATS to help improve traffic conditions both on the island and
in surrounding areas as a result of a growing seasonal population, and
growing population on the mainland in areas near Ocean Isle Beach.
Recommended Action 4.1.A.6.b: Town officials will work diligently with
developers and NCDOT to incorporate transportation improvements into
new commercial and residential development projects.
Recommended Action 4.1.A.6.c: Town officials will continue to support the
following projects identified in the GSATS 203S Long Range Transportation
Plan:
Roadway Description Improvement
NC 179 BUS: Widen to a multi -lane
Widen to 4-Lane
facility from Ocean Isle Beach Road
Beach Dr. SW (SR 1184) to the NC 904 (Seaside W/Median &
Multipurpose Path
Road]. and multinurnose oath.
(Brick Landing New Bridge from Brick Landing Road
NEW (Bri
Rck (SR 1143) to Shallotte Blvd (SR New Bridge
1202).
Ocean Isle Beach Road (SR 1184): Widen to 4-Lane
Ocean Isle Beach Rd. Widen to a multi -lane facility from US W/Median
17 to NC 179 (Beach Drive).
EX-15

Executive Summary Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Pedestrian bridge adjacent to the
Ocean Isle Beach Odell Williamson Bridge (NC 904)
Pedestrian Bridge across the Bridge
Intracoastal Waterway in Ocean Isle
Beach
Policy 4.1.A.7: Golf Carts: The Town supports the use of street legal golf carts as a
functional means of reducing automobile traffic and parking demands at the beach.
Policy 4.1.A.8: Pedestrian and Bicycle Access: The Town encourages pedestrian
and bicycle access along the Island to help alleviate traffic problems and improve
public access to the shoreline.
Recommended Action 4.1.A.8.a: The Town will pursue federal and state
grant opportunities to construct sidewalks, walkways, and bike lanes at
strategic locations on the Island.
Recommended Action 4.1.A.8.b.: The Town shall consider partnering with
Brunswick County to implement the recommendations of the county's 2016
Greenway and Blueway Plan.
Policy 4.1.A.9: Bicycle & Pedestrian Plan: The Town supports the 2014 Bicycle
and Pedestrian Plan.
Recommended Action 4.1.A.9.a: Town officials will continue to implement
recommendations outlined in the Bicycle and Pedestrian Plan. The Town will
prioritize the installation of on -street bicycle lanes in favor of off-street
facilities.
Policy 4.1.A.10: Maintenance of Central Sewer System: The Town shall maintain
the ordinance which requires that all new development or redevelopment tie into
the centralized sewer system within town limits.
Policy 4.1.A.11: Rezoning Analysis: The Town shall conduct an analysis of
infrastructure before rezoning parcels to allow for more intensive development or
changing development standards to allow for higher densities and intensities. This
analysis shall determine if existing infrastructure can provide adequate service to
the Town as a whole in light of the proposed re -zonings or development standard
changes. The infrastructure analysis shall review water and sewer capacity, fire flow
capacity, public access and other infrastructure demands related to future
development.
EX-16

Executive Summary Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
PUBLIC ACCESS AND RECREATION
Goal 4.2: Maximize public access to the beaches and public trust waters of the Town of
Ocean Isle Beach and maximize recreational opportunities for residents and visitors.
Objective 4.2.A: Access for All Segments of the Community: Implement policies and
recommendations that assure satisfactory access to all segments of the community
including persons with disabilities.
Policy 4.2.A.1: Existing Public Access Facilities: Ocean Isle Beach will continue to
support public access to the oceanfront and other waterways by seeking State and
or Federal financial assistance to improve existing access facilities.
Recommended Action 4.2.A.1.a: When making improvements to existing
public access facilities, the following are considered to be priorities for
improvements:
• Improving handicapped access at existing public access sites;
• Add additional amenities such as showers and foot washes to one or
more public access sites at the eastern and western ends of the Island;
• Work with the state to ensure the boat ramp continues to operate in an
acceptable fashion and is maintained appropriately; and,
• Where practicable, increase public parking near existing public access
sites.
Policy 4.2.A.2: Expand Public Access Facilities: Ocean Isle Beach will continue to
work towards increasing public access to the Ocean and the Intracoastal Waterway
by seeking State and or Federal financial assistance to develop new access facilities.
Recommended Action 4.2.A.2.a: The following are considered to be
priorities for new public access facilities:
• Identify additional locations along the ICWW that could be developed to
improve public access.
• Identify additional boat dock facilities, including options for day docks
and transient public boat dock facilities.
Policy 4.2.A.3: Parking at Public Access Sites: Ocean Isle Beach will continue to
look for opportunities to increase the public parking associated with public access
sites on the Island.
Recommended Action 4.2.A.3.a: The Town will continue to examine
whether there are any other locations where a change in the traffic flow from
two-way to one-way traffic can be used to increase parking for beach access.
EX-17

Executive Summary Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Recommended Action 4.2.A.3.b: The Town shall identify Town owned
property that may provide suitable access to the ICWW, mark these sites, and
develop plans to improve these sites when practicable.
Recommended Action 4.2.A.3.c: The Town will study several
parking/right-of-way locations and prepare conceptual layouts that may
allow for additional parking spaces.
Policy 4.2.A.4: Marinas and private boat slips: The Town generally supports the
development of marinas and private boat slips within Ocean Isle Beach and the ETJ.
Policy 4.2.A.S: Dry Stack Storage Facilities: The Town generally supports the
development of dry stack storage facilities within the ETJ.
Policy 4.2.A.6: Dune Protection: Public pedestrian access is limited to designated
dune crossover areas in order to minimize damage to dunes and vegetation.
Walking on dunes or acting in any manner that causes damage to dunes and
vegetation is against state and local ordinances and is subject to fines. The Town,
through its CAMA minor permit program, may allow the construction of private
dune walkover structures to protect the dunes at private access points.
Policy 4.2.A.7: Supporting Federal and State Programs to Expand Access: The
Town is committed to county, state, and federal programs that maximize public
access to the beaches and public trust waters of the Town of Ocean Isle Beach. The
programs include, but are not limited to, the Coastal Area Management Act, the
North Carolina Public Beach and Waterfront Access Program, Federal channel
maintenance and inlet projects and beach renourishment projects.
Objective 4.2.B: Reduce User Conflicts: Reduce user conflicts in the public trust waters of
Ocean Isle Beach.
Policy 4.2.B.1: Floating Homes: The Town prohibits living aboard boats and
floating homes, is supporting of the State's policies on floating structures, and
believes that floating homes should not be allowed within the Town's Public Trust
Areas.
Policy 4.2.B.2: Off Road Vehicles: Off road vehicles (with the exception of Town or
Emergency vehicles) are not allowed outside public rights of way and private drives
at Ocean Isle Beach.
Policy 4.2.B.3: Safe Boating: The Town shall seek to increase public awareness of
safe boating rules.
Policy 4.2.B.4: Operation of Jet Skis and Personal Watercraft: The Town shall
seek to ensure the responsible use of Jet Ski's and other similar personal watercraft
in the public trust waters of Ocean Isle Beach.
EX-18

Executive Summary
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Objective 4.2.C: Maintaining Navigation Channels: Prevent uses that would directly or
indirectly impair or block existing navigational channels.
Policy 4.2.C.1: Upland Excavation for Marina Basins: The Town of Ocean Isle
Beach supports upland excavation for marina basins.
Policy 4.2.C.2: Maintenance of Navigation Channels: Ocean Isle Beach supports
the proper maintenance of channels and canals, particularly the Intracoastal
Waterway due to the impact of this channel on commercial and recreational
fisheries and general boating. The Town will continue to support the special tax
district for dredging and maintenance of concrete canals.
Policy 4.2.C.3: Blocking or Impairing Navigational Channels: Projects that would
directly or indirectly block or impair existing navigational channels shall be
prohibited. This includes but is not limited to projects that deposit spoils below
mean high water, extend piers beyond the established pier head line or any projects
determined to be detrimental to navigation of the public trust waters.
Objective 4.2.1): Recreation Access for Residents and Visitors: Provide a quality
recreation experience to both residents and visitors alike.
Policy 4.2.D.1: Parks and Recreational Facilities: The Town supports the
development, maintenance, and enhancement of its parks and recreational facilities
for the benefit of residents and visitors alike.
Recommended Action 4.2.D.1.a: The Town shall continue to promote the
use of the community center and consider options for relocation to more
expansive sites/facilities as necessary.
LAND USE COMPATIBILITY
Goal 5.1: Ensure that development and use of resources or preservation of land balances
protection of natural resources and fragile areas with economic development, avoids risks
to public health and welfare, and are consistent with the capability of the land.
Objective 5.1.A: Maintain the small town, family friendly atmosphere at Ocean Isle Beach
by encouraging architecture in keeping with the Town's character, traditional family
homes, neighborhood and locally oriented businesses, parks and natural areas.
Policy 5.1.A.1: New Development: All development shall adhere to the Town's
building and development regulations set forth in the Zoning and Subdivision
Ordinance.
Recommended Action 5.1.A.1.a: In order to accommodate future changes
in land use, the planning board should evaluate the following land use
EX-19

Executive Summary
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
designations and recommend appropriate zoning and subdivision changes to
the Town Board of Commissioners:
■ Work with the Planning Board to review all zoning districts for
potential incompatible permitted uses to ensure land use conflicts do
not arise in the future;
■ Review zoning districts for land on the mainland to determine
whether changes are needed to manage anticipated growth and
development; and,
■ Consider establishing reduced parking standards for non-residential
new construction and redevelopment within the C-2 zoning district;
and
■ Consider updating and modernizing the Zoning and Subdivision
Ordinances for clarity, organization, and general legibility.
Policy 5.1.A.2: Land Use Plan Consistency: Any official Town land use and
development related actions (e.g. re -zonings, text amendments, special use permits,
stormwater rules, etc.) shall remain consistent with the policies adopted in the Land
Use Plan and any other applicable plan. Any Town actions that are inconsistent with
such plans shall require a statement from the Town body approving such decisions,
as to why those decisions are necessary and in the community's interest, and how
any negative impacts will be mitigated.
Policy 5.1.A.3: Ordinance Revisions: All zoning ordinance amendments
requesting increased densities shall be scrutinized very carefully by both the
Planning Board and the Town Board of Commissioners to ensure that they do not
significantly increase the density of development on the Island and/or within the
general proximity of such. In general, density shall not be increased to allow for
multi-family/two-family development in a predominantly single-family area.
Policy 5.1.A.4: Types of Development Encouraged: The Town desires as much as
practicable that all development be designed and placed so as to be compatible with
the residential character of the Town.
Policy 5.1.A.5: Single-family Residential Development: The Town shall maintain
areas exclusively for conventional single-family on the island and the mainland.
Ocean Isle Beach shall retain the predominantly single-family residential character
of the island. Conversion of single-family homes to two-family and/or multi -family
residential uses shall be discouraged.
Recommended Action 5.1.A.5.a: The Town shall consider the
establishment of a new mainland zoning district for Single-family Residential
uses only and/or a modification of the permitted uses within and also
consider prohibiting non-residential, multi -family, and two-family residential
development in predominantly single-family residential areas on the island
EX-20

Executive Summary Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
through a modification of the permitted uses and/or a zoning map
amendment.
Policy 5.1.A.6: Multi -family Residential Development: The Town shall allow
multi -family development in designated and appropriate areas that currently exist
for such.
Recommended Action 5.1.A.6.a: The Town shall consider requiring that all
multi -family developments be approved through the Special Use permit
process outlined in the in the Zoning Ordinance.
Policy 5.1.A.7: Commercial Development: Intense commercial development,
beyond that necessary to serve tourists and residents, is not encouraged on the
Island. Retail shops, restaurants, and other tourism related businesses are uses that
are encouraged on the Island. The Town supports a wide range of commercial
development on the mainland along the corridor that provides access to the Odell
Williamson Bridge, particularly those businesses that provide needed services to
residents and visitors, provided that the impacts on traffic are minimized. New
construction hotels, motels, and beach resorts are strongly discouraged on the
island.
Recommended Action 5.1.A.7.a: The Town shall continue to administer
appearance standards, and in particular, for the aesthetics of Beach Drive/NC
179.
Policy 5.1.A.B: Heavy Industry: Heavy industry is discouraged within the Town's
planning jurisdiction due to limited land availability and the suitability of such.
Some light industry may be permitted on a case -by -case basis -on the mainland,
particularly in close proximity to the airport. Light industry includes small-scale
manufacturing, assembly, trade -work, service repair, and contractor operations.
Policy 5.1.A.9: Mineral Production -existing and Potential: Mineral production
and extraction activities of any kind, other than dredging for beach renourishment
or channel maintenance, shall not be permitted within the Ocean Isle Beach
Planning Jurisdiction.
Policy 5.1.A.10: Energy Facilities: The Ocean Isle Beach planning area is not a
suitable location for electric generating plants.
Policy 5.1.A.11: Energy Development: Outer Continental Shelf exploration for
petroleum products may be acceptable to the Town only if appropriate
environmental impact studies are conducted prior to the beginning of any
exploratory activities. Offshore wind energy facilities are discouraged in the event
that visual impacts will be realized by Town residents and visitors.
Policy 5.1.A.12: Development Impacts: The Town will allow residential and
related commercial development to occur as long as resource degradation does not
EX-21

Executive Summary
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
occur. To mitigate impacts, the Town will continue to require stormwater
management as necessary.
Policy 5.1.A.13: Coastal Wetlands: It shall be the policy of Ocean Isle Beach to
restrict land uses in coastal wetlands and freshwater marshes to those that ensure
wetland conservation and which do not affect their delicate balance. The Town shall
permit water dependent uses in coastal wetlands such as docks, boat ramps, piers,
utility easements, and culverts, consistent with the definition and use standards of
15 NCAC Subchapter 7H. Each proposed use will be evaluated for water
dependency. Unacceptable land uses in coastal wetlands may include, but would not
be limited to, restaurants, businesses, residences, apartments, motels, hotels,
floating structures, private roads, and parking lots.
Policy 5.1.A.14: Estuarine Shoreline: Residential, recreational, educational, and
commercial land uses are all appropriate types of use along the estuarine shoreline
provided all standards of 15NCAC Subchapter 7H relevant to estuarine shoreline
AECs are met, and the proposed use is consistent with the policies set forth in this
plan. The development of boat launching and docking facilities shall be supported as
a means of providing public water access provided that their development shall not
adversely impact estuarine resources or Public Trust Areas.
Policy 5.1.A.15: Ocean Hazard Areas: The Town supports State policies for ocean
hazard areas as set forth in Chapter 15NCAC subchapter 7H of the State CAMA
regulations. Suitable land uses in ocean hazard areas include ocean shoreline
erosion control activities, coastal storm damage reduction projects, dune
establishment and stabilization. Residential, commercial and recreational land uses
and parking lots for beach access are also acceptable uses in ocean hazard areas
provided they meet all general and specific standards of 15 NCAC Subchapter 7H.
Policy 5.1.A.16: Bulkheads, Groins, and Seawalls: Bulkhead installation, groins,
or seawalls must be built in compliance with CAMA's 7H and other state guidelines.
Maintenance and replacement of existing bulkheads will be permitted. The Town
supports the use of terminal groins as a means of erosion control.
Policy 5.1.A.17: Historic Resources: The Town supports and promotes the
Museum of Coastal Carolina and the preservation of other historic resources.
Recommended Action 5.1.A.17.a: When available, the Town may provide
modest financial support to the Museum of Coastal Carolina in the Town's
annual budget.
Recommended Action 5.1.A.17.b: The Town supports having the state
conduct a systematic survey of archeological and historic sites within the
Town and its ETJ.
EX-22

Executive Summary
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Policy 5.1.A.18: Significant Archaeological Resources: All development plans in
areas identified as having an archeological site will be carefully reviewed, the
applicant will be informed, and the North Carolina Division of Archives and History
will be contacted prior to the approval of the requested permits. The State Division
of Archives and History will be contacted if any additional archeological sites
previously not recorded are discovered.
Policy 5.1.A.19: Public Input: It is the policy of the Town to ensure that all
segments of the Ocean Isle Beach planning area have a full and adequate
opportunity to be informed and have the opportunity to participate in the planning
decision making process.
Recommended Action 5.1.A.19.a: The Town will continue to utilize
standing committees and boards to involve the public in planning decisions
whenever practicable.
Recommended Action 5.1.A.19.b: The Town will continue to utilize the
Town's website, cable access channel, social media, and other methods to
keep residents informed of planning and land use decisions whenever
practicable.
Policy 5.1.A.20: Commitment to State and Federal Programs: The Town
supports State and Federal programs such as CAMA, coastal storm damage
reduction, erosion control, public access, highway improvements, dredging, etc.
provided the Town finds these programs to be appropriate and consistent with
Town policies.
Policy 5.1.A.21: Land Use Plan Implementation Status Report: The Town shall
initiate review of the goals, policies, and contents of this plan every two years. Such
review will be conducted by the Planning Board two years following plan adoption.
An informal presentation and report of the accomplishments completed as a result
of the land use plan will be delivered to the Town Board of Commissioners by the
Planning Board Chairman. The Town shall prepare an implementation status report
for the Division of Coastal Management every two years.
Policy 5.1.A.22: Land Use Plan Update: The Town shall update the Land Use Plan
every 5-7 years to address changing dynamics, population growth, economic
development, and housing needs.
EX-23

Acknowledgements
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Town of Ocean Isle Beach
Town of Ocean Isle Beach
3 West Third Street
Ocean Isle Beach, NC 28469
Board of Commissioners
Debbie Smith, Mayor
Dean Walters, Mayor Pro-Tem
Carolyn Blythe
R. Wayne Rowell
Betty Williamson
Bob Williams
Planning Board
Don Kauffman, Chairperson
Robbie Smith, Vice -Chairperson
Becky Noble
Larry Cheek
Kris Crane
Ernest Crews
Frank Williamson
Land Use Plan Steering Committee
Daisy Ivey, Town Administrator
Justin Whiteside, Assistant Town Administrator/Planning Director
Keith Dycus, Planner II
Debbie Smith, Mayor
Dean Walters, Mayor Pro-Tem
R. Wayne Rowell, Commissioner
Don Kauffman, Planning Board Chairperson
Mark Robertson
Rube McMullan
Town Staff
Daisy Ivey, Town Administrator
Justin Whiteside, Assistant Town Administrator/Planning Director
Keith Dycus, Planner II
Technical Assistance By
Allen Serkin, AICP, CZO
Wes MacLeod, AICP, ASLA
Cape Fear Council of Governments

Acknowledgements
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
The preparation of this document was financed, in part, through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the 1972 Coastal
Zone Management Act (CZMA), as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean
and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
The Town of Ocean Isle Beach also provided funding and staff support for the planning
effort.
11

Table of Contents
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................................................................................EX-1
INTRODUCTION TO THE LAND USE PLAN PROCESS............................................................................................................................
EX-1
THE FUNCTION AND UTILITY OF THE LAND USE PLAN.....................................................................................................................
EX-2
THECAMA PERMIT PROCESS...............................................................................................................................................................
EX-2
What Qualifies as a CAMA Regulated Development Project?........................................................................................
EX-2
What is an Area of Environmental ConcernZ......................................................................................................................
EX-3
What are the types of CAMA Permits?....................................................................................................................................
EX-4
COMMUNITY CONCERNS AND ASPIRATIONS........................................................................................................................................
EX-5
VISIONSTATEMENT.................................................................................................................................................................................
EX-5
GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND POLICIES.......................................................................................................................................................
EX-6
Introduction......................................................................................................................................................................................
EX-6
Water Quality and Natural Environment............................................................................................................................. EX-6
NaturalHazard Areas.................................................................................................................................................................. EX-9
Infrastructure Carrying Capacity .......................................................................................................................EX-14
PublicAccess and Recreation..............................................................................................................................EX-17
LandUse Compatibility ........................................................................................................................................EX-19
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................................................................................................................................................I
FINIANCIALSUPPORT..................................................................................................................................................................................... II
TABLEOF CONTENTS..................................................................................................................................................................................... III
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................... 1-1
INTRODUCTION TO THE LAND USE PLAN PROCESS...............................................................................................................................1-1
THE FUNCTION AND UTILITY OF THE LAND USE PLAN........................................................................................................................1-2
THECAMA PERMIT PROCESS..................................................................................................................................................................1-2
What Qualifies as a CAMA Regulated Development Project?...........................................................................................1-2
What is an Area of Environmental Concern? . ......................................................................................................................... 1-3
What are the types of CAMA Permits?.......................................................................................................................................1-4
TOWNHISTORY...........................................................................................................................................................................................1-5
PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND COMMUNITY SURVEY RESULTS...............................................................................................................1-6
CommunitySurvey Results.............................................................................................................................................................1-7
PublicInput Meeting Results......................................................................................................................................................1-16
COMMUNITY CONCERNS AND ASPIRATIONS........................................................................................................................................
1-17
VISIONSTATEMENT.................................................................................................................................................................................1-18
HOWTo USE THIS PLAN........................................................................................................................................................................1-18
CHAPTER 2: COMMUNITY PROFILE............................................................................................................................... 2-1
POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS......................................................................................................................................2-2
Permanent/Year-Round Population..........................................................................................................................................2-2
PopulationBy Age.............................................................................................................................................................................2-4
Current Seasonal Population Estimates...................................................................................................................................2-4
Seasonal Estimate by Housing & Vacation Unit.................................................................................................................... 2-5
Day -Trip Visitors.............................................................................................
2-6
Peak Seasonal Overnight Population and Day -Trip Visitors............................................................................................ 2-6
PopulationProjections....................................................................................................................................................................2-7
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Table of Contents
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
HOUSING CHARACTERISITICS AND TRENDS............................................................................................................................................2-8
HousingUnits by Type.....................................................................................................................................................................
2-8
HousingTenure..................................................................................................................................................................................2-9
HousingUnit Trends.......................................................................................................................................................................2-10
HousingValue...................................................................................................................................................................................2-12
INCOME......................................................................................................................................................................................................
2-14
LOCALECONOMY......................................................................................................................................................................................
2-15
Seasonal Accommodation Activity...........................................................................................................................................2-16
SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................................................................................2-18
CHAPTER 3: NATURAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS........................................................................................................3-1
AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN................................................................................................................................................... 3-1
ESTUARINEAND OCEAN SYSTEM.............................................................................................................................................................. 3-2
EstuarineWater................................................................................................................................................................................. 3-2
EstuarineShoreline.......................................................................................................................................................................... 3-3
CoastalWetlands............................................................................................................................................................................... 3-3
PublicTrust Areas............................................................................................................................................................................. 3-4
OCEANHAZARD SYSTEM............................................................................................................................................................................3-4
OceanErodible Area.........................................................................................................................................................................3-5
InletHazard Area..............................................................................................................................................................................
3-5
UnvegetatedBeach Area................................................................................................................................................................
3-5
SOILCHARACTERISTICS..............................................................................................................................................................................3-5
HAZARDS......................................................................................................................................................................................................
3-6
FloodHazard Areas..........................................................................................................................................................................
3-6
FEMAFloodInsurance....................................................................................................................................................................
3-7
Hurricanes............................................................................................................................................................................................
3-8
StormSurge Areas...........................................................................................................................................................................3-10
Nor'easters.........................................................................................................................................................................................3-11
Tornadoes/Waterspouts..............................................................................................................................................................3-11
UrbanFires.........................................................................................................................................................................................3-12
WATERQUALITY......................................................................................................................................................................................
3-12
SHELLFISHING & PRIMARY NURSERY AREAS..................................................................................................................................
3-15
NON -COASTAL WETLANDS....................................................................................................................................................................
3-16
WATER SUPPLY AND WELLHEAD PROTECTION AREAS.....................................................................................................................
3-18
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRAGILE AREAS...................................................................................................................................................
3-18
NaturalHeritage Areas.................................................................................................................................................................3-18
Areas Containing Endangered Species....................................................................................................................................3-19
GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND POLICIES.......................................................................................................................................................
3-20
Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................................................3-20
Water Quality and Natural Environment..............................................................................................................................3-20
NaturalHazard Areas...................................................................................................................................................................3-23
CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY FACILITES................................................................................................. 4-1
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM STAUTS AND TRENDS....................................................................................................................................4-1
WaterSupply System....................................................................................................................................................................... 4-1
WaterDemand................................................................................................................................................................................... 4-2
WASTEWATER SYSTEM STATUS AND TRENDS.......................................................................................................................................4-4
WastewaterSystem.......................................................................................................................................................................... 4-4
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Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
WastewaterDemand....................................................................................................................................................................... 4-4
Treated Wastewater as a Resource............................................................................................................................................
4-5
STORMWATERSYSTEM...............................................................................................................................................................................4-6
TRANSPORTATIONSYSTEMS.....................................................................................................................................................................4-6
TrafficCounts......................................................................................................................................................................................
4-7
2035 Long Range Transportation Plan....................................................................................................................................
4-7
Non -Motorized Transportation...................................................................................................................................................4-9
PUBLICACCESS FACILITIES.......................................................................................................................................................................4-9
Exisiting Public Access Sites & Parking Facilities...............................................................................................................4-10
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL & RECYCLING...............................................................................................................................................
4-12
GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND POLICIES.......................................................................................................................................................
4-13
Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................................................4-13
Infrastructure Carrying Capacity .............................................................................................................................................4-13
PublicAccess and Recreation.....................................................................................................................................................4-15
CHAPTER 5: LAND USE AND GROWTH MANAGEMENT........................................................................................... 5-1
EXISTING LAND USE ANALYSIS................................................................................................................................................................. 5-1
Source of the Existing Land Use Analysis and Map..............................................................................................................
5-1
Land Uses Identified in the Planning Jurisdiction.................................................................................................................
5-1
EXISTING LAND USE IN THE PLANNING JURISDICTION.........................................................................................................................5-2
BUILD -OUT ANALYSIS.................................................................................................................................................................................5-4
IDENTFICATION OF LAND USE CONFLICTS..............................................................................................................................................5-5
FUTURELAND USE......................................................................................................................................................................................5-6
FUTURE LAND USE CLASSIFICATION GUIDELINES.................................................................................................................................5-6
IMPLEMETATION.........................................................................................................................................................................................5-6
HOW TO USE THE FUTURE LAND USE MAP AND GUIDELINES.........................................................................................5-7
MIXEDUSE...................................................................................................................................................................................................5-8
ISLANDCOMMERCIAL.................................................................................................................................................................................5-9
ISLAND MULTI -FAMILY RESIDENTIAL..................................................................................................................................................
5-10
ISLANDRESIDENTIAL..............................................................................................................................................................................
5-11
MAINLANDRESIDENTIAL........................................................................................................................................................................
5-12
CONSERVATION.........................................................................................................................................................................................
5-13
AIRPORT & FLIGHT PATH OVERLAY.....................................................................................................................................................
5-14
GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND POLICIES............................................................................................................................5-16
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................5-16
LandUse Compatibility ..........................................................................................................................................5-16
CHAPTER 6: TOOLS FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT............................................................................................. 6-1
ROLE OF THE LAND USE PLAN IN LOCAL DECISIONS......................................................................................................6-1
EXISTING DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM......................................................................................................6-3
Ocean Isle Beach's Land Development Regulations.............................................................................................6-3
ACTION PLAN AND IMPLEMENTATIONSCHEDULE.........................................................................................................6-5
Appendix A: Definitions and Acronyms
Definitions of Action and Descriptive Words Used in Policies...........................................................................A-1
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Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
List of Tables and Figures
TABLE 2.1 POPULATION GROWTH/DECLINE: 1980-2014...............................................................................................................2-2
TABLE 2.2 COASTAL MUNICIPALITY PERMANENT POPULATION GROWTH/DECLINE: 1990-2014..........................................2-3
TABLE 2.3 PERMANENT POPULATION BY AGE.......................................................................................................................................2-4
TABLE 2.4 HOTEL ROOMS - OCEAN ISLE BEACH..................................................................................................................................2-5
TABLE 2.5 2014 PEAK SEASONAL OVERNIGHT POPULATION - OCEAN ISLE BEACH....................................................................2-5
TABLE 2.6 30-YEAR POPULATION PORJECTION....................................................................................................................................2-7
TABLE 2.7 HOUSING UNITS BY TYPE - OCEAN ISLE BEACH & BRUNSWICK COUNTY....................................................................2-9
TABLE 2.8 HOUSING TENURE - OCEAN ISLE BEACH & BRUNSWICK COUNTY............................................................................. 2-10
TABLE 2.9 BUILDING PERMITS ISSUED: CORPORATE LIMITS (2005 To 2016)......................................................................... 2-12
TABLE 2.10 OWNER OCCUPIED HOUSING VALUE............................................................................................................................. 2-13
TABLE 2.11 MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME - OCCUPIED HOUSEHOLDS........................................................................................ 2-14
TABLE 2.12 EMPLOYMENT STATUS..................................................................................................................................................... 2-16
TABLE 2.13 EMPOLYMENT BY INDUSTRY............................................................................................................................................ 2-17
TABLE 2.14 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED NORTH CAROLINA BEACH COMMUNITIES .............................. 2-19
TABLE 3.1 HOUSING UNITS WITHIN A SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD AREA (TOWN LIMITS AND ETJ)..............................................3-6
TABLE 3.2 FLOOD INSURANCE POLICIES (AS OF JULY 31, 2016).....................................................................................................3-7
TABLE 3.3 LOSS STATISTICS FOR OCEAN ISLE BEACH, BRUNSWICK COUNTY & NORTH CAROLINA (1978-SEPT 2016)
.....3-8
TABLE 3.4 HURRICANES &THE SAFFIR-SIMPSON SCALE....................................................................................................................3-9
TABLE 3.5 APPROXIMATE IMPACT OF VARIOUS STORM LEVELS (ACRES IMPACTED)................................................................ 3-10
TABLE 3.6 FUJITA-PEARSON TORNADO SCALE.................................................................................................................................. 3-11
TABLE 3.7 RECEIVING STREAMS ADJACENT TO OCEAN ISLE BEACH............................................................................................... 3-14
TABLE 3.8 TYPES OF WETLANDS IN OCEAN ISLE BEACH, NC.......................................................................................................... 3-18
TABLE 4.1 WATER CONSUMPTION(2015)...........................................................................................................................................4-2
TABLE 4.2 PROJECTED POPULATION AND WATER DEMAND..............................................................................................................4-3
TABLE 4.3 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT SERVING OCEAN ISLE BEACH................................................................................4-4
TABLE 4.4 OCEAN ISLE BEACH WASTEWATER DISCHARGE(2015).................................................................................................4-5
TABLE 4.5 OCEAN ISLE BEACH GSATS 2035 LONG RANGE TRANSPORTATION PLAN PROJECTS..............................................4-8
TABLE 4.6 TOP 5 BICYCLE & PEDESTRIAN MASTER PLAN PROJECTS..............................................................................4-9
TABLE 4.7 PUBLIC BEACH ACCESS LOCATIONS & PARKING SPACES............................................................................................ 4-11
TABLE 5.1 PLANNING JURISDICTION CHARACTERISTICS.....................................................................................................................5-2
TABLE 5.2 EXISTING LAND USE IN THE PLANNING JURISDICTION.....................................................................................................5-3
TABLE 5.3 VACANT LAND BY ZONING DISTRICT...................................................................................................................................5-4
TABLE 5.4 FUTURE LAND USE IN THE PLANNING JURISDICTION.................................................................................................... 5-15
TABLE 6.1 SCHEDULE FOR IMPLEMENTING RECOMMENDED ACTIONS............................................................................6-5
FIGURE 2.1 HOUSING UNITS - YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT: OCEAN ISLE BEACH............................................................................ 2-11
FIGURE 2.2 NEW CONSTRUCTION PERMITS - OCEAN ISLE BEACH CORPORATE LIMITS............................................................ 2-11
FIGURE 2.3 NEW CONSTRUCTION PERMITS - OCEAN ISLE BEACH ETJ........................................................................................ 2-12
FIGURE 2.4 MEDIAN VALUE OF OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS - NC COASTAL COMMUNITIES..................................................... 2-13
FIGURE 2.5 MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME - NC COASTAL COMMUNITIES.................................................................................. 2-15
FIGURE2.6 BRUNSWICK COUNTY TOURISM....................................................................................................................................... 2-17
List of Maps
Please note, all maps are contained at the conclusion of each respective chapter unless otherwise described.
Map 1.1: Corporate Limits and Extra -territorial Jurisdiction...............................................................END OF CHAPTER 1
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Table of Contents Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Map 3.1: Areas of Environmental Concern(AECs).................................................................................... END OF CHAPTER 3
Map 3.2: Special Flood Hazard Areas.............................................................................................................. END OF CHAPTER 3
Map 3.3: Storm Surge Inundation (Fast Storm).......................................................................................... END OF CHAPTER 3
Map 3.4: Surface Water Classifications........................................................................................................... END OF CHAPTER 3
Map 3.5: Wetlands................................................................................................................................................... END OF CHAPTER 3
Map 3.6: Primary Nursery Areas & Significant Natural Heritage Areas .......................................... END OF CHAPTER 3
Map 4.1: Water Lines.............................................................................................................................................. END OF CHAPTER 4
Map 4.2: Wastewater Lines.................................................................................................................................. END OF CHAPTER 4
Map 4.3: Catch Basins and Stormwater Outfalls........................................................................................ END OF CHAPTER 4
Map 4.4: Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT).......................................................................................... END OF CHAPTER 4
Map 4.5: Public Access Sites................................................................................................................................ END OF CHAPTER 4
Map 5.1: Existing Land Use..................................................................................................................................END OF CHAPTER 5
Map 5.2: Vacant Land by Zoning District....................................................................................................... END OF CHAPTER 5
Map 5.3: Potential Land Use Conflicts............................................................................................................. END OF CHAPTER 5
Map 5.4: Future Land Use Classification Map.............................................................................................. END OF CHAPTER 5
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Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Matrix of Required Elements
Page
(A) Organization of the Plan: Include a matrix in the land use plan or
comprehensive plan that shows the location of the required elements.
viii
(B) Community Concerns and Aspirations. The purpose of this element is to
provide an understanding of the underlying planning needs and desires of
1-17
the community.
(1) Significant existing and emerging conditions: Describe the dominant
1-6 to 1-
growth-related conditions that influence land use, development, water
18
quality, and other environmental concerns in the planning area.
(2) Key issues: Describe the land use and development topics most
important to the future of the planning area. At a minimum, this
description shall include public access, land use compatibility,
1-6 to 1-
infrastructure carrying capacity, natural hazard areas, water quality,
18
and may also include local areas of concern as described in
Subparagraph D 2 Land Use Plan Management Topics) of the Rule.
(3) A community vision: Describe the general physical appearance and
form that represents the local governments plan for the future. Include
1-18
objectives to be achieved by the plan and identify changes that may be
needed to achieve the planning vision.
(C) Existing and Emerging Conditions. The purpose of this element is to
2-1 to 2-
provide a sound factual base necessary to support the land use and
20
development policies included in the plan. Describe the following:
(1) Population, Housing and Economy. Include discussion of the following
2-1 to 2-
data and trends:
18
a Population:
2-2 to 2-8
(i) Permanent population growth trends using data from the two
2-2 to 2-3
most recent decennial Censuses;
ii Current Permanent and Seasonal Estimates;
2-2 to 2-6
iii Key population characteristics;
2-2 to 2-8
(iv) Age;
2-4
(v) Income; and
2-14 - 2-
16
2-7 to 2-8
(vi) Thirty Year Projections of Permanent and Seasonal Population
in five years increments.
(b) Housing stock: Estimate current housing stock, including permanent
2-8 to l-
and seasonal units, tenure, and types of units (single-family,
14
multifamily, and manufactured).
(c) Local economy: Describe employment by major sectors and
2-16 to 2-
community economic activity.
18
(2) Natural Systems. Describe the natural features and discuss the
3-1
environmental conditions of the planning jurisdiction to include:
a Natural features
3-1
i Areas of Environmental Concern AECs ;
3-1 to 3-5
(ii) Soil characteristics, including limitations for septic tanks,
3-5 to 3-6
erodibility, and other factors related to development;
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Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
(iii) Environmental Management Commission (EMC) water quality
classifications (SC, SB, SA, HQW, and ORW) and related use
3-12 to 3-
support designations, and Division of Marine Fisheries (DMF)
16
shellfish growing areas and water quality conditions;
(iv) Flood and other natural hazards;
3-7 to 3-
12
v Storm surge areas;
3-10
(vi) Non -coastal wetlands including forested wetlands, shrub -scrub
3-16 to 3-
wetlands and freshwater marshes;
18
vii Water supply watersheds or wellhead protection areas;
3-18
(viii) Primary nursery areas;
3-15 to 3-
16
(ix) Environmentally fragile areas, such as, but not limited to
3-18 to 3-
wetlands, natural heritage areas, areas containing endangered
19
species, prime wildlife habitats, or maritime forests; and
N/A
(x) Additional natural features or conditions identified by the local
government.
b Environmental Conditions
(i) Water quality:
3-12 to 3-
14
(I) Status and changes of surface water quality, including
impaired streams from the most recent N.C. Division of
3-12 to 3-
Water Resources Basin Planning Branch Reports, Clean
14
Water Act 303 (d) List and other comparable data;
(II) Current situation and trends on permanent and temporary
closures of shellfishing waters as determined by the Report
3-15 to 3-
on Sanitary Survey by the Shellfish Sanitation and
16
Recreational Water Quality Section of the N.C. Division of
Marine Fisheries;
(III) Areas experiencing chronic wastewater treatment system
3-13
malfunctions; and
(IV) Areas with water quality or public health problems related
3-15 to 3-
to non -point source pollution.
16
ii Natural hazards:
(I) Areas subject to recurrent flooding, storm surges and high
3-6 to 3-
winds; and
11
(II) Areas experiencing significant shoreline erosion as
evidenced by the presence of threatened structures or public
3-4 to 3-5
facilities.
iii Natural resources:
(I) Environmentally fragile areas or areas where resource
3-18 to 3-
functions are being impacted as a result of development; and
19
(II) Valuable natural resource areas that are being impacted or
3-16 to 3-
lost as a result of incompatible development. These may
19
include, but are not limited to the following: coastal
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Table of Contents
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
wetlands, protected open space, and agricultural land.
(3) Existing Land Use and Development. Include a map and descriptions of
5-1 to 5-5
the following:
(a) Existing land use patterns, which may include the following
categories: Residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, public,
dedicated open space, vacant, agricultural, and forestry. Land use
5-2 to 5-5
descriptions shall include estimates of the land area allocated to
each land use and characteristics of each land use category.
(b) Historic, cultural, and scenic areas designated by a state or federal
5-5
agency or by local government.
(4) Community Facilities. Evaluate existing and planned capacity, location,
and adequacy of community facilities that serve the community's
4-1 to 4-
existing and planned population and economic base; that protect
12
important environmental factors such as water quality; and that guide
land development in the coastal area. These shall include:
(a) Public and private water supply and wastewater systems. Describe
existing public and private systems, including existing condition and
4-1 to 4-6;
capacity. Describe any documented overflows, bypasses, or other
Maps -
problems that may degrade water quality or constitute a threat to
End of
public health. Indicate future needs based on population
Chapter 4
projections. Map existing and planned service areas.
(b) Transportation systems. Map the existing and planned multimodal
systems and port and airport facilities. Describe any highway
4-6 to
segments deemed by the North Carolina Department of
-
Mappss -
Transportation (NCDOT) as having unacceptable service levels.
End of
Describe highway facilities on the current thoroughfare plan or
Chapter 4
facilities on the current transportation improvement plan. Describe
the impact of existing facilities on land use patterns.
(c) Stormwater systems. Describe the existing public stormwater
management system. Identify existing drainage problems and water
4-6
quality issues related to point -source discharges of stormwater
runoff.
(D) Future Land Use. This element of the plan is intended to guide the
5-6 to 5-
15;
development and use of land in a manner that achieves the goals of the
Maps -
CAMA through local government land use and development policies,
End of
including a future land use map.
Chapter 5
(1) Policies
5-16 to 5-
20
(a) Community Concerns and Aspirations and Existing and Emerging
Conditions shall be considered in the development of local
1-6
government land use plan policies as required in 713.0702 (b) and
(c).
(b) Policies shall be consistent with the goals of the CAMA, shall
1-2 to 1-4
address the CRC management topics for land use plans, and comply
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Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
with all state and federal rules.
(c) Policies that exceed use standards and permitting requirements
5-16 to 5-
found in Subchapter 7H, State Guidelines for Areas of
20
Environmental Concern, shall be identified in the plan.
(2) Land Use Plan Management Topics. The purposes of the CRC
management topics are to ensure that land use plans support the goals
of the CAMA, define the CRC's expectations for land use policies, and
4-15, 5-
provide a basis for land use plan review and certification. In addition to
16, 4-13,
the management topics outlined below, plans may also include policies
3-23, 3-20
to address local areas of concern. Each management topic includes two
components: a management goal and planning objectives.
(a) Public Access:
4-15 to 4-
18
(i) Management Goal: Maximize public access to the beaches and
public trust waters of the Town of Ocean Isle Beach and
4-15
maximize recreational opportunities for residents and visitors.
(ii) Planning Objectives: Policies that address access needs and
opportunities with strategies to develop public access and
provisions for all segments of the community, including persons
with disabilities. Policies that address the reduction of user
4-15 to 4-
conflicts in the public trust waters of the Town. Policies that
18
prevent uses that would directly or indirectly impair or block
existing navigation channels. Provide a quality recreation
experience to both residents and visitors.
(b) Land Use Compatibility:
5-16 to 5-
20
(i) Management Goal: Ensure that development and use of
resources or preservation of land balance protection of natural
resources and fragile areas with economic development, avoids
5-16
risks to public health, safety and welfare, and are consistent with
the capability of the land.
(ii) Planning Objectives: Policies that maintain the small town,
family friendly atmosphere of the Town by encouraging
5-16 to 5-
architecture in keeping with the Town's character, traditional
20
family homes, neighborhood, and locally oriented businesses,
arks, and natural areas.
(c) Infrastructure Carrying Capacity:
4-13 to 4-
15
(i) Management Goal: To ensure that public infrastructure systems
are appropriately sized, located, and managed so that quality
4-13
and productivity of AECs and other fragile areas are protected or
restored.
(ii) Planning Objectives: Policies that ensure that the location and
4-13 to 4-
capacity of public infrastructure is consistent with the Town's
15
growth and development goals.
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Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
(d) Natural Hazard Areas:
3-23 to 3-
28
(i) Management Goal: Conserve and maintain barrier dunes,
beaches, flood plains, and other coastal features for their natural
3-23
storm protection functions and their natural resources giving
recognition to public health, safety, and welfare issues.
(ii) Planning Objectives: Policies that minimize damage and threats
to public health and safety associated with hurricanes, severe
weather, and other hazards, and work to implement the
3-23 to 3-
Southeaster NC Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan (2016).
28
Following a hurricane, severe weather event, or other disaster,
the Town will work as quickly as possible to restore essential
services related to public health, safety, and welfare
(e) Water Quality:
3-20 to 3-
23
(i) Management Goals: Maintain, protect and where possible
enhance water quality in all coastal wetlands, rivers, streams,
3-20
and estuaries.
(ii) Planning Objectives: Policies that establish mitigation strategies
3-20 to 3-
designed to protect and where possible enhance and restore the
23
sensitive natural resources located in and adjacent to the Town.
(3) Future land use map. Depict the policies for growth and development,
and the desired future patterns of land use and land development with
End of
consideration given to natural system constraints and infrastructure.
Chapter 5
Include designations with descriptions of land uses and development.
(E) Tools for Managing Development. The purpose of this element is to
describe the management tools and actions the local government will use
6-1 to 6-6
to implement the land use plan.
(1) Guide for land use decision -making. Describe the role of the land use
plan policies, including the future land use map, in local decisions
6-1 to 6-4
regarding land use and development.
(2) Existing development program. Describe the community's existing
development management program, including local ordinances, codes,
6-5
plans, and policies.
(3) Action plan and implementation schedule. Describe the actions that will
be taken by the local government to implement policies that meet the
CRC's Management Topic goals and objectives. Specify the fiscal year(s)
in which each action is anticipated to start and finish. Describe the
6-5 to 6-
specific steps the local government plans to take to implement the
10
policies, including the adoption and amendment of local ordinances,
plans, and special projects. The action plan shall be used to prepare the
implementation status report for the land use plan.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION TO THE LAND USE PLAN PROCESS
The Town of Ocean Isle Beach, like most coastal communities in southeastern North
Carolina and northeastern South Carolina, has seen steadily increasing growth and
development in its jurisdiction over the last thirty years. This increase in development has
been primarily attributed to increases in tourism and increases in the retiree population
relocating to coastal areas. The desire to live in and visit coastal areas has inevitably led to
certain types of development and land uses that place stress on those very characteristics
that make the coast a desirable place to be. Land use planning can play an integral part in
avoiding or mitigating some of the negative side effects of rapid development by
anticipating potential problems and establishing management goals and policies to support
growth.
The U.S. Congress initiated the first structured form of coastal land use planning in the
country with the passage of the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) in 1972. CZMA
encouraged coastal states to preserve their coasts by establishing programs to manage and
protect coastal resources. North Carolina passed its Coastal Area Management Act, known
as CAMA, in 1974. CAMA established the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC) to guide
growth and development in the 20 coastal counties. CAMA also provided a program
framework for regulating development activity in coastal areas and required local land use
planning in the 20 coastal counties.
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Chapter 1: Introduction Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
THE FUNCTION AND UTILITY OF THE LAND USE PLAN
There are four key functions of a land use plan. First, a land use plan provides a source of
information for establishing public policy and making growth and development decisions.
The planning process helps provide knowledge and understanding of the local area's
population, demographics, economy, natural environment, community capacity for growth,
and overall development trends. Secondly, a plan's policies provide guidance for future
decision -making on public and capital investment, as well as zoning and other development
regulations. The third function of a plan is to provide a preview or predictor of future
government action. The public, local government staff, and developers are better informed
and able to understand and predict how a government will make decisions if a plan is in
place and its policies are followed. The fourth function of a plan and the on -going planning
process is to provide the general public, the Planning Board, staff, and elected officials the
opportunity to address and discuss issues important to the local area and to shape policies
and regulations to best meet the goals of the community.
THE CAMA PERMIT PROCESS
The Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) requires
permits for any development in specially designated areas
called Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC). In Ocean
Isle Beach, AECs are generally those areas that are in close
proximity to water (ocean, ICWW, creeks, etc.) or marsh
(wetlands). A CAMA permit must be acquired if a
development project meets all of the following conditions:
• The project is located within one of the 20 coastal counties of North Carolina;
• The project is considered "development" under CAMA;
• The project is within, or affects, an Area of Environmental Concern established by
the Coastal Resources Commission;
• The project does not qualify for an exemption.
WHAT QUALIFIES AS A CAMA REGULATED DEVELOPMENT PROJECT?
Besides construction of residential and commercial buildings in an Area of Environmental
Concern, "development" also generally includes activities such as dredging or filling coastal
wetlands or waters, and construction of marinas, piers, docks, bulkheads, oceanfront
structures and roads. The Coastal Area Management Act (NCGS 113A-103(5)(a)) defines a
development project as: "any activity in a duly designated area of environmental concern
involving, requiring or consisting of the construction or enlargement of a structure;
excavation; dredging; filling; dumping; removal of clay, silt, sand, gravel or minerals;
bulkheading; driving of pilings; clearing or alteration of land as an adjunct of construction;
11W

Chapter 1: Introduction
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
alteration or removal of sand dunes; alteration of the shore, bank or bottom of the Atlantic
Ocean or any sound, bay, river, creek, stream, lake or canal".
WHAT IS AN AREA OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN (AEQ ?
According to the Division of Coastal
Management's (DCM) CAMA Handbook for
Development in Coastal North Carolina,
protecting and managing Areas of
Environmental Concern is the basis for the
CAMA permitting program. An AEC is generally
an area of natural significance, which requires
special management because it may be easily
destroyed by erosion, flooding, or human
activity; or it may have environmental, social,
economic, or aesthetic values that make it a valuable resource. The CRC designates
particular areas as AECs to protect them from unmanaged development, which may cause
irreversible damage to property, public health, or the environment. AECs cover almost all
`navigable' coastal waters and about 3 percent of the land in the 20 coastal counties. As
mentioned earlier, in Ocean Isle Beach the AECs are generally those areas that are in close
proximity to water (ocean, ICWW, creeks, etc.) or marsh (wetlands).
The Coastal Resources Commission has established the following categories of AECs:
• The Estuarine and Ocean System (coastal wetlands, public trust and estuary waters,
and estuarine shoreline);
• The Ocean Hazard System (ocean erodible setback area, un-vegetated beach area,
and inlet hazard area);
• Public Water Supplies (small surface water supply watershed and public water
supply well -fields); and
• Natural and Cultural Resource Areas (coastal complex natural areas, coastal areas
that sustain remnant species, unique coastal geologic formations, significant coastal
archaeological resources and significant coastal historical archeological resources).
A development project is likely in an AEC if it is:
• in, or on the shore of, navigable waters within the 20 CAMA counties;
• on a marsh or wetland;
• within 75 feet of the normal high water line along an estuarine shoreline;
• near the ocean beach (e.g. within 60'-120');
• near an inlet;
• within 30 feet of the normal high water level of areas designated as inland fishing
waters by the N.C. Marine Fisheries Commission and the N.C. Wildlife Resources
Commission;
• near a public water supply; or
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Chapter 1: Introduction Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
• within 575 feet of Outstanding Resource Waters defined by the Environmental
Management Commission.
For more information on the CAMA Handbook for Development in Coastal North Carolina
and for mitigating steps required during development, please visit the Division of Coastal
Management website or contact the Ocean Isle Beach Planning Department.
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF CAMA PERMITS?
There are currently three types of development permits: major permits, general permits,
and minor permits. The Division of Coastal Management (DCM) makes permit decisions
after considering agency and public comments, and after determining whether a proposed
project meets CRC rules and is consistent with the policies of the local government's land
use plan.
The CAMA permit system is divided into major and minor permits based on the potential
impacts and size of a development project.
Major permits are necessary for activities that require other state or federal permits
(such as stormwater and sedimentation control), for projects that cover more than 20 acres,
or for construction covering more than 60,000 square feet. Applications for major permits
are reviewed by 10 state and 4 federal agencies before a decision is made.
Minor permits are required for projects, such as single-family houses, that do not require
major permits or general permits. Permits are reviewed, issued and administered to CRC
standards by local governments under contract with the Division of Coastal Management.
The Town of Ocean Isle Beach issues CAMA minor permits.
General permits are used for routine projects that usually have little or no threat to the
environment.
Some development may be authorized by an exemption certificate. Section 103(5)(b) of the
Coastal Area Management Act exempts the following activities from permitting
requirements:
• road maintenance within a public right-of-way;
• utility maintenance on projects that already have CAMA permits;
• energy facilities covered by other laws or N.C. Utilities Commission rules;
• agricultural or forestry production that doesn't involve the excavation or filling of
estuarine or navigable waters or coastal marshland (Note: these activities are not
exempt from permitting requirements under the state's Dredge and Fill Law);
• agricultural or forestry ditches less than 6 feet wide and 4 feet deep;
• emergency maintenance and repairs when life and property are in danger; or
• the construction of an accessory building usually found with an existing structure, if
no filling of estuarine or navigable waters or coastal marshland is involved.

Chapter 1: Introduction
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
TOWN HISTORY
In 1947, Mr. Odell Williamson began purchasing tracks of land that would eventually
comprise the Town of Ocean Isle Beach. These tracks of land were owned by various
families, including the Brooks family, the Stanley family, the Gore family, and the D. Stowe
Crouse family.
In 1949, Odell and his wife Virginia named the area Ocean Isle Beach. Prior to 1949, the
beach was called Hale Beach, named after Hale Swamp in Brunswick County. Hale Beach
was divided into three separate beaches - Little Beach on the east end, Gause's Beach in the
center, and Brooks Beach on the west end.
Shallotte Boulevard, on the east end of Ocean Isle, is the location where Odell Willliamson
and Manlon Gore built a four -car ferry in 1950. The ferry operated until 1959 when a swing
bridge was completed that year across the Intracoastal Waterway (ICWW).
On October 15, 1954, Hurricane Hazel hit Ocean Isle Beach. At the time, there were only 41
houses on the island. The houses were mostly on the east end of the Island and were built
directly on the ground. Only two houses would survive the storm. Only ten people lived on
Ocean Isle Beach as permanent residents at the time.
In the spring of 1955, the George Sloane Jr. family moved into the McLamb house that had
shifted off its foundation but had survived Hurricane Hazel. The Sloane family were the
only permanent residents on Ocean Isle Beach from 1955 to 1964 when the island still had
only clay roads. Mr. George Sloane Jr. built the first Ocean Isle Motel in the same spot that
the Ocean Isle Inn sits today.
According to the Sloane family, in 1955, ocean front lots were sold for as little as $500. In
1959, a swing bridge was built to replace the ferry, and a new Ocean Isle Beach sign was
erected on Highway 17. Population of the quiet Town would continue to increase from the
1970s through the 1980s. According to the census figures, in 1970, the Town had only 78
residents.
The swing bridge would eventually be replaced by the current high-rise bridge in 1986.
The completion of the high-rise bridge and an increase in housing units also resulted in
more population - with more than 530 residents by 1990. Since 1986, growth and
development in the Town has steadily increased. By 1990, there were nearly 2,000 housing
units in the Town. That number would continue to grow to what it is today, at over 3,300.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND COMMUNITY SURVEY RESULTS
Formulating policies based on community consensus covering a wide range of issues relies
on adequate public involvement. In addition to providing the public an opportunity to
provide their concerns on growth and development, a land use plan is intended to inform
the public on the importance of planning, the role their town government plays in
managing development, the possible impacts of unmanaged development, and the utility of
preserving natural resources.
One public input meeting and a public open house were held during the planning process.
The input meeting established a vision based on key elements to the establishment of goals
and policies. The public open house was held to discuss any concerns about the final draft
of the plan.
The most significant source of public input came as a result of the community survey. In
total, more than 800 respondents completed the survey. The short survey was distributed
to Ocean Isle Beach property owners and non-residents. The survey was available
primarily online, but was also available in hard copy format. The survey was designed to
determine the most significant priorities for Ocean Isle Beach and to reaffirm public
opinion regarding growth management and development.
In total, there were 843 responses to the community survey. Approximately 86% of the
respondents were property owners, thus giving credence to the survey results. Survey
responses of property owners are provided on the following pages. Any responses of non-
resident that differ from property owners will be explicitly stated in the summary.
1-6

Chapter 1: Introduction Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
COMMUNITY SURVEY RESULTS
Question 1: What kinds of new private development you would most like to see in
Ocean Isle Beach? (Please select as many as three)
Low -density single-family residences
Small businesses that serve the needs of
residents
Small businesses that serve the needs of 132
visitors
Grocery store and/or shopping centers 173
Health care providers 119
Entertainment (i.e. restaurants, 305
recreation, theaters, nightlife)
Multi -family residences (i.e. condos, E 15
townhomes, apartments)
Workforce housing (i.e. affordable to 48
teachers, firemen, retail employees, etc.)
Water -based opportunities/amenities 127
Senior housing/assisted living - 67
Other (please specify) _ 48
367
409
0 100 200 300 400 500
According to property owners, 409 respondents would like to see the development of small
businesses that serve the needs of residents. There were 367 counts that would like to see
low density single-family residences. Very few respondents, both property owners and
non-residents, want additional multi -family residences. Non-residents prefer low density
single-family residence, however, small businesses that serve the needs of residents closely
follows.
1-7

Chapter 1: Introduction
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Question 2: What do you consider to be the most important roles for the Town to
play in influencing the character of development in Ocean Isle Beach? (Please select
as many as three)
Reduce land use conflicts by managing the location of 275
single-family, multi -family, and commercial development
Manage the density and intensity of new development by 426
regulating the size and layout of lots and buildings
Protect the beach and encourage continued coastal
storm damage reduction and beach protection
Retain and enhance community appearance through
landscaping, sign, lighting, and architectural standards 444
Improve flexibility of Town regulations ■ 64
Other (please specify) . 46
605
100 200 300 400 500 600 700
The majority of property owners expressed that protecting the beach and continuing
coastal storm damage reduction were the most important roles for the Town to play in
influencing character development. This is congruent with the survey results from non-
residents. Based upon low respondent rates, both property owners and non-residents are
relatively satisfied with Town regulations, and further flexibility is not desired. The
responses of the property owners and non-residents show similar results, based on
percentages, for each option of question 2.
two

Chapter 1: Introduction
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Question 3: What do you consider most important to improve the quality of new
commercial development in Ocean Isle Beach? (Please select as many as three)
Landscaping in business districts M� 279
Signs and lighting in business districts 141
Architectural standards in the island business district M 412
Architectural standards in mainland business districts 353
Streamlined and flexible development regulations - 76
Sidewalks and multi -use paths 313
Public parking areas and on -street parking 159
Placement of buildings and parking on commercial 135
properties MMM
Other (please specify) 32
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
When asked what qualities of new commercial development should be considered,
property owners noted architectural standards on both the island and mainland business
districts should be weighted the heaviest. Non-residents consider architectural standards
in both business districts to be most important, however, they consider the mainland
business district to be of higher priority. Similar to the responses to question 2, both
property owners and non-residents are relatively satisfied with Town regulations.
1-9

Chapter 1: Introduction
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Question 4: What do you think are the most important growth and development
issues facing Ocean Isle Beach? (Please select as many as three)
Over -burdensome growth management and regulation - 86
Environmental protection
Density of development
Stormwater runoff 157
Coastal storm damage reduction and beach protection
Types of commercial development (mixed use, 165
standalone)
Housing types being developed - 109
Beach access and parking 185
Sidewalks and multi -use paths 154
Other (please specify) M 33
272
385
422
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Similar to the results of question 2, the majority of both property owners and non-
residents expressed concern regarding coastal storm damage and beach protection.
Property owners and non-residents are also concerned with the density of development in
the future. Overall, property owners and non-residents view these two issues to be the
most important for growth and development, which is in agreement with their responses
on what the most important roles the Town can play in development. As shown above,
property owners ranked Town regulation low in importance for growth and development.
The continuity of results between questions 2 and 4 affirms that the respondents recognize
what the most important problems are currently, which are coastal storm damage
reduction and beach protection, and what roles the Town can play to satisfy community
wants and needs.
1-10

Chapter 1: Introduction
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Question 5: What efforts do you believe are most important to the economy in Ocean
Isle Beach? (Please select as many as four)
Attract more shopping and restaurants 302
Attract national/regional chains and franchises - 138
Encourage coastal storm damage reduction and beach
protection
Improve access to jobs - 106
Encourage redevelopment of existing business centers 377
Attract more tourists and tourism -related businesses - 103
Encourage more permanent residents 319
Water -based opportunities/amenities - 147
Other (please specify) 0 33
484
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Survey respondents believe coastal storm damage reduction and beach protection to be the
most important to the economy of Ocean Isle Beach. This indicates a need to focus efforts
on appropriate mitigation and enhancement mechanisms for the oceanfront shoreline.
Other issues receiving a significant number of responses relate to the redevelopment of
existing business centers. Maintaining open space and managing stormwater runoff are
interrelated to environmental protection. Based on other survey responses, this question
indicates a desire to increase the number of permanent residents.

Chapter 1: Introduction
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Question 6: What do you consider to be the most important transportation issues for
the Town? (Please select as many as four)
Congestion on local roadways
Maintenance of existing roadways
Traffic safety 214
292
Parking availability/public access congestion 272
Roadway drainage
Lack of facilities for bicycles and pedestrians
Poor lighting 1 121
Other (please specify) FF 64
305
352
357
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Lack of bicycle and pedestrian facilities was identified by property owners as the most
important transportation issue in Ocean Isle Beach. As shown in question 3, respondents
ranked bike and pedestrian facilities as a high priority. Non-residents identified parking
availability and public access congestion as the most important transportation issue. Both
agreed that maintenance of existing roadways was the second most important
transportation issues. Respondents were least concerned about lighting in Ocean Isle
Beach.
1-12

Chapter 1: Introduction
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Question 7: What do you consider to be the most important issues related to the
Town's environment and natural resources? (Please select as many as three)
Maintaining a pristine beach 487
Reducing pet waste and litter _ 70
Land and wildlife conservation 278
Water quality of ocean and estuarine areas 268
Drinking water quality 206
Improving public access to environmental resources = 47
Beach erosion 418
Stormwater management for developed or redeveloping 174
properties
Education on coastal issues = 49
Other (please specify) 1 16
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Approximately 67% of property owners responded that the most important issue related
to the Town's environment and natural resources is maintaining a pristine beach. Nearly
60% of property owners expressed a concern regarding beach erosion and believe it is an
important environmental and natural resources issue. Non-residents responded in a
similar fashion, stating maintaining a pristine beach is their highest ranked opinion, with
beach erosion closely following. Based on these results, the Town should feel confident in
using priorities identified in the survey to set goals to protect the coastal environment
within the Town. Public access to environmental resources ranked low for both property
owners and non-residents.
1-13

Chapter 1: Introduction
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Question 8: What do you consider to be most important in creating recreational
opportunities? (Please select as many as four)
Constructing sidewalks and on -road bike lanes
Constructing off -road pedestrian and cycling greenways
Expanding park activities and programs 212
Additional community center programing and 168
community center expansion
Establishing more outdoor and/or seasonal events 250
Creating more public access locations for water -based
recreation (i.e. kayak/boat docking facilities)
Developing new locations for outdoor events 133
Creating more public parking 182
Other (please specify) - 37
298
378
410
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
The responses for this question show a high desire for increased bicycle and pedestrian
facilities, which is also in agreement with questions 3 and 6. Non-residents also agree that
these are the most important in creating recreational opportunities. The next most
important issue regarding recreational opportunities is additional public access for water -
based recreation. This is true for all respondents. The least concern for the respondents is
community center programming and community center expansion. Based on these results,
the Ocean Isle Beach community prides itself on enjoying the environmental beauty and
recreational opportunities offered.
1-14

Chapter 1: Introduction
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Question 9: Which statements describes your relationship to the Town of Ocean Isle
Beach?
Year -Round Resident: Property Owner 358
Year -Round Resident: Renter ' 6
Second Home Owner or Property Owner 361
Business Owner: Property Owner ' 8
Business Owner: Renter 13
Seasonal Visitor . 16
Extra -territorial Area (ETA)/Extra-territorial _ 47
Jurisdiction (ETJ) Resident
Other (please specify) - 44
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
According to all respondents of the survey, approximately 85% are year-round property
owners and second home or property owners. The respondents who answered "Other" are
primarily County residents. Of the 843 respondents, nearly 6% describe their relationship
to the Town as an Extra -territorial Jurisdiction resident.
1-15

Chapter 1: Introduction
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
• Swamp park - 2
• Green space for stormwater - 2
• Need for public boat dockage - 1
• Balance of full-time vs. seasonal -
• Maintaining the current balance of residential and commercial development - 1
• Examining feasibility of shuttle service or other means of mass transportation to
reduce traffic flow - 1
• Not too much traffic
• Single Family Residential importance
• Reduce or maintain impervious coverage
• Sea level rise monitoring
COMMUNITY CONCERNS AND ASPIRATIONS
The identification of growth related concerns and aspirations by the public and local
leaders helps to determine the most problematic issues facing the community. These
community concerns and aspirations are based on public input, community survey results,
steering committee feedback, and discussion with Town staff.
Top 5 Public Input Priorities
The survey results and comments provided by respondents indicate significant issues that
are of importance to residents of Ocean Isle Beach. Based on the survey results, the top five
public input priorities were developed. It should be noted that these priorities are goals and
intentions of the survey respondents and are to serve merely as a resource. These priorities
are by no means a mandate for future funding or policy change. The priorities are listed in
order of significance.
1. Protect the beach and encourage continued storm damage reduction to ensure
future enjoyment of the Town's natural resources.
2. Prioritize the installation of bicycle and pedestrian facilities in an effort to enhance
the safety of non -motorized users for permanent and seasonal residents.
3. On the island, redevelop existing business centers and limit the construction of strip
malls and box stores.
4. Manage development density in both residential and commercial areas.
S. Increase parking availability and public access to amenities through facility
enhancement and land acquisition to support tourism and year-round coastal
lifestyle activities.
1-17

Chapter 1: Introduction
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
VISION STATEMENT
The Vision Statement of Ocean Isle Beach is intended to be a general and brief statement
about the Town's main preferences for future growth. The Vision Statement should be
based on a consensus of the views of community citizens and community representatives.
To maximize the utility and scope of the Vision Statement of Ocean Isle Beach, community
priority issues, local citizen input, and the preferences of the local government were all
considered during the statement creation process.
2016 Town of Ocean Isle Beach Vision Statement:
HOW TO USE THIS PLAN
Ocean Isle Beach's Land Use Plan serves a variety of functions and the plan for the future
contains a broad range of:
• Goals: Desired ends toward which policies and programs of the Land Use Plan are
directed. Many of the goals reflect requirements set forth in the Division of Coastal
Management's (DCM's) Coastal Resource Commission (CRC) guidelines;
• Objectives: More specific and measurable than the general goals and in some cases a
goal has multiple objectives;
• Policies: A consistent set of principles or guidelines for making a variety of local
decisions designed to accomplish the goals and objectives. These policies guide
decisions by the Board of Commissioners, its appointed boards, and staff.
• Recommended Actions: Specific actions that can be taken to implement and advance
the plan's policies. Many of these recommended actions are non -regulatory in
nature and will be addressed through the Town's capital improvement program
(CIP) or through subsequent planning efforts.
1-18

Chapter 1: Introduction Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Collectively, the goals, objectives, policies, and recommended actions provide a long range
planning function but they also help guide day to day operations. The daily functions relate
primarily to the decisions of actions of elected and appointed officials and the Town's
administrative staff.
For the Board of Commissioners, the Land Use Plan contains Town policies and provides a
guide when making decisions regarding future land use and development, public access,
protecting the environment, mitigating natural and manmade hazards, or ensuring that the
Town's infrastructure and services are adequate to serve its year round population and the
influx of seasonal visitors. While the Land Use Plan's policies do not have the same status
as a local zoning ordinance, except in matters related to development or land uses within
Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs), the policies and recommended actions and the
future land use map help guide decisions on future ordinances and zoning decisions.
Moreover, North Carolina General Statutes (160A-383) require statements of consistency
with comprehensive plans or any other locally adopted plan(s) before adopting or rejecting
zoning text changes or map amendments. Amendments to this plan will be initiated and
approved by the Board of Commissioners/Planning Board and plan amendments will
require CRC's approval in accordance with its guidelines for land use plan amendments.
In addition to guiding development decisions, the Board of Commissioners may use the
Land Use Plan's policies and recommended actions when making decisions on the Town's
capital improvement program (CIP) and its annual operating budgets. Other Town boards
and committees will also use the Land Use Plan. The Town's Planning Board will use the
plan and its policies to determine the consistency of project plans and development
proposals with community goals and objectives. Its policies and recommendations will
also guide decisions on whether to grant or deny requests for such things as ordinance
amendments, conditional use permits, variance requests, or the approval of site plans.
Another important use of the Land Use Plan is for consistency determinations by the
Division of Coastal Management (DCM) for major permits issued pursuant to CAMA
regulations. Other state and federal agencies will use the plan to determine the consistency
of their projects and programs with the policies contained in this plan.
Lastly, the plan is a useful tool for developers and property owners because it provides
guidance on the types of land use and development that are desired within the community.
The plan's policies and recommendations may help developers to craft proposals that are
consistent with the Town's goals and objectives, thereby increasing the likelihood that
these projects will be approved. The plan also provides information that will help owners
and developers better understand the capabilities and limitations of their property or may
assist community members in supporting or opposing projects within the community.
1-19

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Management Act (CZMA), as amended, which is administered
by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management,
National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The
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Chapter 2: Community Profile Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
CHAPTER 2: COMMUNITY PROFILE
This section of the land use plan identifies important community characteristics and
demographic trends that warrant consideration when formulating policies and long-term
growth strategies.
In the discussion that follows, comparisons are drawn with the state of North Carolina,
Brunswick County, and other barrier beach communities summarized to help interpret this
data. The following analysis provides information on the population, housing, and
economic characteristics of Ocean Isle Beach. Such information is intended to allow Town
officials to make growth management decisions based on an understanding and knowledge
of where the Town has come from, where it is, and where it may be heading.
The current population size, both permanent and seasonal, and the level to which it will
change during the planning period can help estimate the development pressure that may
impact coastal resources. In addition, demands placed on community infrastructure (roads,
sewer, stormwater, community services, etc.) are directly related to growth in population
and development. As a result, town staff and officials can use the information contained
herein as a resource for decision making.
NOTE: Data and statistics contained in this chapter are derived from a number of sources.
Figures for years beyond 2014 are estimations and projections. Statistics from 2014 and
earlier are sourced from the US Census Bureau/American Community Survey and NC Office
of State Budget and Management. It should be noted that the North Carolina Office of State
Budget and Management (NCOSBM) provides annual population figures for each
municipality in the state. Typically, this number differs from the population figure sourced
from the US Census Bureau's American Community Survey. For example, the Town's 2014
population according to the NCOSBM is 597 while the US Census Bureau reports the
population for 2014 to be 659. For the purposes of this land use plan, population figures
will be based upon those established by the NCOSBM. Statistics, facts, and figures related to
age, housing, income, and employment will be sourced from the US Census Bureau's
American Community Survey. The NCOSBM does not provide statistics relating to housing,
income, or employment.
W1

Chapter 2: Community Profile Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS
PERMANENTIYEAR-ROUND POPULATION
Coastal municipalities have varying fluctuations of population throughout a given year.
Determining the impacts of the seasonal population can be difficult due to the range of
factors that must be considered in estimating the peak population. In addition, population
(year-round) figures established by the NC state demographer and the US Census Bureau
do not account for the seasonal population, thus requiring such figures to be estimated
based upon best available data. NOTE: The terms year-round population and permanent
population are used interchangeably throughout the chapter.
In Ocean Isle Beach, the permanent population increased from 138 to nearly 600 residents
from 1980 to 2014. The population did decline in the 90s, likely due to the storm events
(Hurricane Fran/Bertha) that occurred during that decade; however, the accuracy of the
1990 census data has also been called into question. Overall, the population within the
Ocean Isle Beach corporate limits increased by over 300% since 1980, outpacing that of
Brunswick County during the same time from a percentage standpoint. A more steady
increase in permanent population has been experienced over the last fifteen years - a trend
that is likely to continue as more and more individuals are attracted to the coastal lifestyle
and Brunswick County as a whole. In addition, the population with the Town's extra-
territorial jurisdiction (ETJ) has increased from 706 in 2000 to 1,249 in 2014 - an increase
of more than 75% (See Map 1: Corporate Limits and Extra -territorial Jurisdiction for the
ETJ boundary).
Table 2.1: Population Growth/Decline: 1980 - 2014
Source: NC OSBM.
Ocean
OceanAbsolute
Isle
Beach
Increase/DecreaseYear
Beach
Increase/DecreaseIsle
1980
138
60
76.90%
35,777
11,554
47.70%
1990
534*
396
286.96%
50,985
15,208
42.51%
2000
426
(108)
-20.22%
73,143
22,158
43.46%
2010
553
127
29.81%
107,431
34,288
46.88%
2014
597
44
7.96%
117,834
10,403
9.68%
1980-
459
332.61%
82,057
229.36%
2014
*The 1990 Census may not be accurate as it may have inflated the permanent population in Ocean Isle Beach
at the time.
Extra -Territorial Jurisdiction (ETJ) Population: 2000 - 706 persons; 2014 - 1,249 persons (Source: ESRI
Community Analyst).
W

Chapter 2: Community Profile
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Table 2.2: Coastal Municipality Permanent Population Growth/Decline: 1990 - 2014
Source: NC OSBM.
Municipality
Atlantic Beach
.91
Population
1,938
111
Population
1,793
2010
Population
1,498
2014
Population
1,510
Percent,
1990-
1
-22%
Bald Head Island
78
179
159
166
113%
Carolina Beach
3,631
5,112
5,715
5,918
63%
Caswell Beach
155
377
399
425
174%
Duck
N/A
450
370
386
-14%
Emerald Isle
2,434
3,485
3,669
3,717
53%
Holden Beach
642
791
577
603
-6%
Indian Beach
146
95
112
120
-18%
Kill Devil Hills
4,288
5,910
6,695
7,010
63%
Kitty Hawk
1,937
2,997
3,277
3,420
77%
Kure Beach
618
1,557
2,019
2,131
245%
Nags Head
1,838
2,700
2,760
2,916
59%
North Topsail
Beach
1,375
1,514
749
768
-44%
Oak Island
Ocean Isle Beach
N/A
6,668
6,797
7,135
7%
534
415
553
597
12%
Pine Knoll Shores
1,375
1,514
1,343
1,365
-1%
Southern Shores
1,447
2,218
2,721
2,864
98%
Sunset Beach
321
2,119
3,587
3,857
1,102%
Surf City
948
1,476
1,857
2,004
111%
Topsail Beach
362
473
369
390
8%
Wrightsville
Beach
2,797
2,592
2,478
2,504
-10%
Across the state, the overall year-round population in coastal municipalities listed in table
2.2 has nearly doubled over the last twenty-five years. Growth percentages and declines in
the year-round population are varied, but in general, most communities saw an increase in
the population of their permanent residents. Some municipalities, such as Sunset Beach,
experienced tremendous growth over that time period due to annexation of land and the
subsequent new residents that became part of the community. Ocean Isle Beach
experienced a modest growth rate of 12% from 1990 to 2014. As noted previously, impacts
from storm events likely resulted in a slower rate of growth in the permanent population
during that time.

Chapter 2: Community Profile Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
POPULATION BYAGE
In Ocean Isle Beach, the number of permanent residents that are above the age of 65 has
increased dramatically since the year 2000, from 85 persons to more than 250 in 2014.
Furthermore, the Town's median age is representative of the large retiree population at
61.9 years of age, compared to just 49.2 for Brunswick County and 37.8 for North Carolina.
Additionally in 2014, more than 50% of the year-round population was considered of
working age between the age of 25 and 64. From 2000 to 2014, the greatest increase in age
groups were in the 55-64 age cohort and 65 and above.
Table 2.3.: Permanent Population by Age
Source: US Census Bureau 2014 American Community Survey
Age
Group
0-4
111
8
Ocean Isle
Percent
Total
2%
Beach
2014Total
7
Percent
1%
111
4,005
Brunswick
Percent
Total
5%
County
2014
5,532
Percent
5%
5-19
27
7%
34
5%
13,136
18%
16,597
15%
20-24
30
7%
-
0%
3,471
5%
5,081
5%
25-54
172
41%
169
26%
29,411
40%
38,163
34%
55-64
93
22%
181
27%
10,740
15%
20,097
18%
65+
85
20%
268
41%
12,380
17%
27,436
24%
Total*
415*
100%
659*
100%
73,143*
100%
112,907*
100%
Median
Age
(2014)
61.9
49.2
*Note: The total population figures above differ from that of NCOSBM. As stated previously, US Census Bureau data is used
for age, housing, income, and employment statistics.
CURRENT SEASONAL POPULATION ESTIMATES
When planning for infrastructure, housing, commerce and recreation, it is important to
consider the impact of vacationers, visitors, and temporary residents visiting the
community on a seasonal basis. Typically, the seasonal population has the greatest impact
on services and resources from Memorial Day to Labor Day.
Persons who reside in the Town limits for the majority of the year, or refer to it as their
primary residence, make up the permanent population. Whereas, persons who temporarily
vacation or visit for at least one night in the planning area during the peak season comprise
the seasonal population. The permanent population plus the seasonal population
(including day-trippers) make up the peak population. The seasonal overnight population
accounts for only the permanent and seasonal population and not day -trip visitors. While
there is no standard method for tabulating seasonal population for a given jurisdiction,
there are few methods that can be used to estimate the population.

Chapter 2: Community Profile
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Seasonal population estimates are difficult to calculate with any precision and require
making assumptions based upon experience and an understanding of the underlying
population demographics, seasonal tourism industry, and the habits of beach goers.
SEASONAL ESTIMATE BY HOUSING & VACATION UNIT
According to census data, there were 2,256 vacant units categorized as seasonal use in the
year 2014. To establish the seasonal overnight population, average household size or
persons per unit must be utilized. One of the most frequently used techniques calculates the
seasonal overnight estimate on the number of housing units by determining what a typical
occupancy rate might be and how many people occupy a housing unit on average.
For the purposes of this analysis, vacant housing is treated similar to seasonal and
recreational housing in terms of the assumptions made about the number of persons per
unit. There are also 226 hotel rooms within the Town's corporate limits that contribute to
the seasonal overnight population.
The peak seasonal overnight estimate is derived by assuming 95% occupancy of the vacant
housing units. Again, this estimate should not be viewed as exact. Calculating seasonal
population figures is an imperfect science at best. Furthermore, the peak overnight seasonal
population is more likely to occur on summer holidays such as Memorial Day, July 4th, and
Labor Day.
Table 2.4.: Hotel Rooms - Ocean Isle Beach
Source: Brunswick County Chamber of Commerce and Ocean Isle Beach Planning/Inspections Department
Name of
Ocean Isle Inn
70
The Winds Oceanfront Inn & Suites
86
Islander Inn
70
Total:
226
Table 2.5.: 2014 Peak Seasonal Overnight Population - Ocean Isle Beach
Source: US Census Bureau 2014 American Community Survey and Ocean Isle Beach Planning/Inspections Department
2014 Peak Seasonal
Overnight Population Estimate*
Housing Units
Permanently Occupied Housing (360)
Persons per
1.66 + 1 guest per Unit
.
957**
Seasonal or Recreational Housing (2,256)
6.5
13,931
Vacant Housing (696)
6.5
4,298
Hotel/Motel Rooms (226)
3.5
791
Total
19,977
*For the estimate, the following assumptions were used to calculate the total number of persons: 1 guest per
permanent housing unit on average; 95 percent occupancy rate for seasonal recreational housing; 95 percent
occupancy for vacant housing; and, 100 percent occupancy rate for hotel rooms.
**The permanent population and seasonal increase is based upon the NCOSBM population of 597 + 1 additional
person per housing unit.
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Chapter 2: Community Profile Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
During the summer months, the peak seasonal overnight population in the Town of Ocean
Isle Beach is estimated to be 19,977 people. This equates to a peak seasonal overnight
population that is 33.46 times higher than the permanent population. On weekdays during
the summer and weekends with fewer visitors, the seasonal overnight population is likely
only to be 75% of the peak. Considering this assumption, the seasonal overnight population
may be closer to 14,983 persons on slower weekends. For the purpose of this analysis, it is
most important to determine the peak seasonal overnight population as this number of
persons account for the greatest impact on services and can be used to plan for conditions
that may exceed capacity for water, sewer, waste collection, police, or general Town
services. However, the Town's true peak population must also account for day visitors as
provided in the next section.
DAY -TRIP VISITORS
Another consideration when gauging seasonal population impact on community
infrastructure is the effect of day-trippers. Unlike estimates of overnight visitors, day-
trippers travel for brief stays in the community, typically for recreation and entertainment
activities. Day-trippers have an impact on traffic congestion, parking availability,
community services, and local businesses. Again, there is no standard method for
calculating day-trippers, but one of the best indictors for the number of day -trip visitors is
the number of parking spaces available for use. It is assumed, on a typical peak day during
the summer, the majority of vehicles visiting the Town for day -trip purposes are mostly full,
at four persons per vehicle. Using data from the Town, the number of day-trippers is
estimated as follows:
[1.5 shift of parking x 540 parking spaces (340 public spaces + 200 paid spaces)] x 4
persons per vehicle = 3,240 day -trip visitors per day
It is hard to estimate the peak number of beachgoers with precision because you run the
risk of double counting these individuals since many of the daily visitors are accounted for
in the assumptions used to estimate the seasonal population estimate. However, we do
know that beachgoers will need a place to park. There are 540 public parking spaces on
Ocean Isle Beach. If we assume an average of four people per car and that all of the spaces
turn over 1.5 times, an additional 3,240 people may travel to the beach by automobile in
any given weekend day or peak season holiday. Ocean Isle Beach continues to grow in day -
visitors due to friendly public access parking, unlike Holden Beach and Sunset Beach.
PEAK SEASONAL OVERNIGHT POPULATION AND DAY -TRIP VISITORS
Considering the peak seasonal overnight population estimates plus the day -trip visitor
estimate, the Town of Ocean Isle Beach is estimated to have 23,217 people in its
jurisdiction on a peak summer day.
we

Chapter 2: Community Profile Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
POPULATION PROJECTIONS
Much like seasonal and peak population estimates, population projections can vary widely
due to intervening factors such as the strength of the economy, availability of jobs, and
housing prices. Population projections identify potential challenges and needs that may
confront the community in the near future. Ocean Isle Beach is located in Brunswick
County, which is one of the fastest growing counties in NC, and one of the fastest growing
counties in the United States. Ocean Isle Beach is also close to the South Carolina state line
and the high growth area of North Myrtle Beach and Little River.
County population projections are provided by the North Carolina State Demographer
(NCOSBM); however, municipal population projections are not, thus requiring a third party
estimate of the projection. The State Demographer's population growth estimate for
Brunswick County indicates population increase will occur solely from migration into the
county, while natural growth from births will be offset by the natural population decline
from deaths. It is also assumed that this trend of all in -migration growth and zero natural
population growth will be the same for Ocean Isle Beach.
The Division of Coastal Management (DCM) recommends the use of the ratio approach to
develop population projections for municipalities. By utilizing the NC Office of State Budget
and Management (NCOSBM) population projections for Brunswick County, the population
projection for Ocean Isle Beach can be determined. In 2014, Ocean Isle Beach accounted for
0.5% of the population of Brunswick County. The Division of Coastal Management requires
that population projections be calculated for a 30-year horizon. However, for infrastructure
planning and other calculations based upon these projections, it is wise to use only a
twenty-year projection.
Table 2.6: 30-year Population Projection
Source: NCOSBM and Cape Fear COG.
Ocean Isle
2014
591
20152020
608
685
2025
162
2030
840
ixvs
917
1 1
994
1
1,067
Beach
Brunswick
117,834
121,577
137,032
152,488
167,945
183,402
198,860
213,319
County
Share
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
(2014)
The ratio method assumes that Ocean Isle Beach will always account for 0.5% of the
population of Brunswick County. Therefore, by using the equation below, the population
projection for the Town can be calculated for any given year.
Population of Ocean Isle Beach = 0.5% x Population of Brunswick County
In the year 2045:
1,067 (2045 pop.) = 0.5% (pop. ratio) x 213,319 (Brunswick Co. pop.)
2-7

Chapter 2: Community Profile
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
In 2035, the permanent population of Ocean Isle Beach is projected to be 917 people. This
is an increase of about 320 people or 53%. Whereas in 2045, the permanent population is
expected to be 1,067 people. Assuming this projection is accurate, the permanent
population will nearly double over the next thirty years. It should be noted that such a
substantial increase would only result from a significant amount of new residential
development and seasonal housing unit conversion to permanent/year-round use.
From 2010 to 2014, forty-four (44) new permanent residents were added to the Town's
population which equates to the addition of 11 new permanent residents a year. If the
population projections were calculated based upon the addition of 11 new residents a year,
then the permanent population in 2045 would be 927. However, basing the population
projection on growth from 2010 to 2014 is likely misleading as 2010 through most of 2013
were characterized by lower than normal growth as a result of the economic downturn.
Lastly, assuming a similar ratio of permanent to seasonal population, we can estimate that
the 2045 projected permanent population will be approximately 33.46 times less than the
peak seasonal overnight population. Using this assumption, it is estimated that
approximately 35,702 individuals will occupy the Town in the summer months of the year
2045. According to the calculation, 1,067 residents will be considered permanent while
34,635 will be considered seasonal residents/visitors.
HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS
Analyzing the types of existing housing stock enables the community, elected officials and
planners to get an overall picture of the range of housing opportunities available or needed
in the jurisdiction. Other housing attributes such as the building year of the structure,
owner versus renter occupation, and value, act as indicators to the nature and characteristic
of the existing housing stock.
HOUSING UNITS BY TYPE
From 2000 to 2014, the number of housing units in Ocean Isle Beach increased by more
than 30% or by nearly 800 units. According to census data, exactly 600 new single family
units were constructed between 2000 and 2014. The most significant increase, from a
percentage calculation, occurred from the increase in multi -family units that are located in
structures with five to nine units. Compared with Brunswick County, the Town experienced
a lower growth rate in total housing units from 2000 to 2014.
we

Chapter 2: Community Profile
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Table 2.7: Housing Units by Type - Ocean Isle Beach & Brunswick County
Source: US Census Bureau 2014 American Community Survey
Ocean
Housing Units
111
2014
', Change
Total, All Housing Units
2,515
3,312 31.69%
51,431
79,304
54.19%
Total All Single Family Units
1,767
2,367
33.96%
29,291
50,959
73.97%
Detached
1,743
2,327
33.51%
28,626
49,802
73.97%
Attached (Townhouse)
12
27
125.00%
665
1,157
73.98%
Multi -Family
746
943
26.41%
3,569
8,747
145.08%
Two to four units per
395
363
-8.10%
1,673
3,385
102.33%
structure
Five to nine units per
101
259
156.44%
1,001
2,366
136.36%
structure
Ten or more units per
250
321
28.40%
895
2,996
234.75%
structure
Mobile Homes
2
2
0.00%
18,458
18,731
1.48%
Other
-
-
113
57
-49.56%
HOUSING TENURE
As of 2014, only 10.9% of the housing units in Ocean Isle Beach were occupied year-round;
a low percentage for even for a coastal community. For example, the Town of Holden Beach
and Sunset Beach both have higher year-round occupancy rates at 18.4% and 35.6%
respectively. Compared with Brunswick County or North Carolina as a whole, the contrast
is even greater where 60.9% and 85.3% of housing units are occupied year-round.
In 2000, 91.6% of the housing in Ocean Isle Beach was considered vacant - slightly higher
than the 2014 percentage of 89.1% thus indicating a small increase in the share of
permanently occupied housing units. Furthermore, there was a greater increase, from a
percentage standpoint, in the number occupied housing units from 2000 to 2014 than in
vacant units. It is likely that the percentage of vacant housing units will continue to decline
if even by a small percentage, while the percentage of occupied housing units will continue
to increase. In fact, the conversion of vacant, seasonally occupied housing units, will likely
increase to account for new permanent residents in the future. However, the share of
housing units dedicated to seasonal use or considered vacant will likely always be greater
than the share of units occupied by year-round residents.
W

Chapter 2: Community Profile
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Table 2.8: Housing Tenure — Ocean Isle Beach & Brunswick County
Source: US Census Bureau 2014 American Community Survey
Ocean Isle Beach
Brunswick
Housing Units
111 2014
', Change 2000
2014
', Change
Total Housing Units
2,507 3,312
32.1% 51,431
79,304
54.2%
Occupied
209
360
72.2%
30,438
48,331
58.8%
Owner
Occupied
180
311
72.8%
25,013
36,390
45.5%
Renter
29
49
69.0%
5,425
11,941
120.1%
Occupied
Vacant
2,298
2,952
28.5%
20,993
30,973
47.5%
Seasonal,
recreational &
1,470
2,256
53%
15,540
21,990
42%
occasional use
All other vacant
828
696
-16%
5,453
8,983
65%
ETJ: As of 2014, there are 1,048 housing units in the ETJ, 548 of which are occupied.
HOUSING UNIT TRENDS
In Ocean Isle Beach, the eighties saw the greatest increase in housing units (see Figure 2.1).
During that time more than 1,100 new housing units or 34% of the entire housing stock
were constructed. From 1990 to 1999, nearly 800 new housing units were built, one -
hundred more than from 2000 to 2009. Approximately, 80% of the Town's housing stock is
less than 35 years old indicating a lack of dilapidated housing. Typically, when a significant
percentage of a community's housing stock is aged 30 years or more it is an indication of
potential substandard and/or dilapidated housing issues.
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Chapter 2: Community Profile
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Figure 2.1: Housing Units - Year Structure Built: Ocean Isle Beach
Source: US Census Bureau 2014 American Community Survey & Town of Ocean Isle Beach
Housing Units - Year Structure Built (1939 to 2014)
1939 or earlier -
1940 to 1959 M 29
1960 to 1969 � 164
1970 to 1979 496
1980 to 1989 1,128
1990 to 1999 793
2000 to 2009 683
2010 to 2014 � 98
200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200
According to Figure 2.1, 98 new housing units were built or permitted from 2010 to 2014.
Based on this trend, new housing growth was slower than the previous decade, but overall
in the past few years an increase in permit activity has been realized. Nevertheless, there is
a lag time between construction and occupancy. The results of the 2020 US Census should
provide data that will allow for a more accurate comparison between housing unit growth
in the first two decades of the 2000s.
Figure 2.2: New Construction Permits - Ocean Isle Beach Corporate Limits
Source: Ocean Isle Beach Planning/Building Inspections
New Construction Permits Issued: Corporate Limits
(2005 - 2015)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
25
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Single Family Commercial Multi Family
2-11

Chapter 2: Community Profile Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
In terms of trends, the number of permits issued for single-family construction hit a low in
2009 when only eight permits were issued. Since 2011, there has been an increase in the
number of permits issued for single-family construction, but the total number still lags
significantly behind the trend experienced during the housing boom of the early 2000s as
evidenced by the number of permits issued in 2005. The number of building permits issued
for commercial and multi -family development largely remained the same from 2005 to
2016. However, within the Town's ETJ, the number of single-family permits issued has
increased significantly over the last few years (see Figure 2.3).
Table 2.9: Building Permits Issued: Corporate Limits (2005 to 2016)
Source: US Census Bureau 2014 American Community Survey
I
Type of
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Total
Building
Single -
Family
Commercial
Multi -
Family
House
Moving
Figure 2.3: New Construction Permits - Ocean Isle Beach ETJ
Source: Ocean Isle Beach Planning/Building Inspections
New Construction Permits Issued: Extra -territorial Jurisdiction
(2005 - 2015)
50
40
30
20 19
10
0
2005
12
6
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Single -Family Mobile Home
HOUSING VALUE
45
2015
According to census data, the 2014 median value of owner occupied housing in the Town of
Ocean Isle Beach is $496,400. Nearly 50% of the owner -occupied housing units in the Town
are valued at $500,000 or more. This differs significantly from housing values in Brunswick
County overall or the state in general (see Figure 2.4 for more information). For example,
2-12

Chapter 2: Community Profile
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
only 8% of the county's entire owner -occupied housing stock is valued at $500,000 or
more.
Table 2.10: Owner Occupied Housing Value
Source: US Census Bureau 2014 American Communitv Survev
Housing Value
Less Than $50,000
Ocean Isle
2014
8
Beach
Percent Total
3%
Brunswick
2014
3,263
9%
$50-99,000
-
0%
4,750
13%
$100-149,999
5
2%
5,771
16%
$150-199,999
2
1%
6,414
18%
$200-299,999
48
15%
7,185
20%
$300-499,999
95
31%
6,121
17%
$500,000-999,9999
137
44%
2,615
7%
$1,000,000+
16
5%
271
1%
Total
311
100%
36,390
100%
Compared with all of North Carolina's coastal municipalities, owner -occupied housing
values are the third highest in Ocean Isle Beach. Only the Town of Wrightsville Beach and
the Village of Bald Head Island have higher median housing values, as shown in Fig. 2.4.
Figure 2.4: Median Value of Occupied Housing Units - NC Coastal Communities
Source: US Census Bureau 2014 American Community Survey
NC Beach Average
Wrightsville Beach
Topsail Beach
Surf City
Sunset Beach
Southern Shores
Pine Knoll Shores
Ocean Isle Beach
Oak Island
North Topsail Beach
Nags Head
Kure Beach
Kitty Hawk
Kill Devil Hills
Indian beach
Holden Beach
Emerald Isle
Caswell Beach
Carolina Beach
Bald Head Island
Atlantic Beach
Brunswick County
North Carolina
Median Value of Owner Occupied Housing (2014)
$380,465
$396,400
$331,100
$267,300
$450,200
$379,700
$496,400
$254,800
$270,600
$318,600
$363,600
$304,500
$252,800
$335,700
$420,200
$376,800
$414,000
$254,800
$684,200
$262,900
$179,800
$153,600
$774,700
$0 $100,000 $200,000 $300,000 $400,000 $500,000 $600,000 $700,000 $800,000 $900,000
2-13

Chapter 2: Community Profile Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
INCOME
In the Town of Ocean Isle Beach, household incomes are much higher than that of
Brunswick County. In fact, more than 40% of Ocean Isle Beach households have income
that exceeds $75,000 per year, whereas just 25% of Brunswick County households have
such. In addition, the median household income is more than 37% higher than that of the
county with both the median family and per capita incomes being higher as well.
Table 2.11: Median Household Income - Occupied Households
Source: US Census Bureau 2014 American Community Survey
Range
Less than $10,000
Ocean
NumberIncome
30
Percent
8%
NumberPercent
3,318
7%
$10,000 to $14,999
3
1%
3,119
7%
$15,000 to $24,999
12
3%
5,880
12%
$25,000 to $34,999
36
10%
5,781
12%
$35,000 to $49,999
56
16%
7,749
16%
$50,000 to $74,999
68
19%
9,274
19%
$75,000 to $99,999
44
12%
5,496
11%
$100,000 to $149,999
53
15%
5,251
11%
$150,000 to $199,999
14
4%
1,359
3%
$200,000 or more
44
12%
1,104
2%
Total Households 360 100% 48,331 100%
Median Household Income
$64,773
$46,955
Median Family Income
$81,591
$71,359
Per Capita Income
$54,870
$27,260
Among other coastal municipalities in North Carolina, the Town's median household
income is slightly below the average (see Figure 2.5). However, the Town's median
household income of $64,773 is still much higher than that of the state overall. This
indicates the presence of discretionary income that can support a limited number of retail
and commercial enterprises and allow for leisure activities. The median household income
in North Carolina in 2014 was $46,693.
2-14

Chapter 2: Community Profile Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Figure 2.5: Median Household Income — NC Coastal Communities
Source: US Census Bureau 2014 American Community Survey
Median Household Income (2014)
NC Beach Average
$65,485
Wrightsville Beach
$61,389
Topsail Beach
1 $49,712
Surf City
$63,656
Sunset Beach
1 $55,800
Southern Shores
1 $84,861
Pine Knoll Shores
$66,013
Ocean Isle Beach
$64,773
Oak Island
$47,761
North Topsail Beach
1 $57,813
Nags Head
1 $55,089
Kure Beach
$73,977
Kitty Hawk
$52,975
Kill Devil Hills
1 $54,861
Indian Beach
$116,250
Holden Beach
$68,281
Emerald Isle
$60,405
Caswell Beach
$74,219
Carolina Beach
1 $57,592
Bald Head Island
$96,000
Atlantic Beach
$48,271
Brunswick County
$46,955
North Carolina
$46,693
$0
$20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $100,000 $120,000 $140,000
LOCAL ECONOMY
Like many smaller coastal communities, the traditional local economy is predominantly
driven by seasonal tourism, coastal real estate, housing maintenance services, and
recreation. Ocean Isle Beach is also within twenty miles of North Myrtle Beach, which is
expanding as a regional commercial center with large-scale retail, recreation,
entertainment, and service industries. Other quickly growing areas with substantial
commercial activities near Ocean Isle Beach include Shallotte and the Wilmington
metropolitan area.
As described previously, there are very few year-round residents of the Town. This implies
that the local economy of Ocean Isle Beach is primarily dependent on seasonal tourism,
recreation, and rental housing activity for generating economic revenue.
2-15

Chapter 2: Community Profile
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
SEASONAL ACCOMMODATION ACTIVITY
While seasonal vacationers are vital to the local economy, the Town has very few traditional
motels, hotels, or resorts. Most of the seasonal rental activity is of single-family homes,
duplexes, and condos on the island portion of Town.
Of the year-round population aged 16 years and over, less than 50% are considered part of
the labor force. According to census data, individuals classified as "not in the labor force"
consist mainly of students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers interviewed in
an off-season who were not looking for work, institutionalized people, and people doing
only incidental unpaid family work (less than 15 hours during the reference week).
Accordingly, retired workers make up the most significant portion of the persons not
considered to be part of the Town's labor force.
Table 2.12: Employment Status
Source: US Census Bureau 2014 American Community Survey
Status
Civilian Labor Force
Ocean
Number b.
PercentEmployment
306 50,711
Employed
289
94% 44,038
86.84%
Unemployed
17
6% 6,673
13.16%
Not in Labor Force
320 44,044
Population 16 years of age and over
626 94,887
Of the employed labor force, the industry segment with the greatest number of employees
is in Finance, Real Estate, Rental and Leasing. The second largest industry segment is Retail
Trade. This differs significantly from Brunswick County where nearly 20% of the labor
force is considered part of the Educational, Health, and Social Services industry. Moreover,
in Ocean Isle Beach, the industry segments with the largest number of employees are
indicative of coastal or seasonally -based communities in North Carolina (Table 2.13).
2-16

Chapter 2: Community Profile
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Table 2.13: Employment by Industry
Source: US Census Bureau 2014 American Community Survev
Ocean
Isle Beach
Brunswick
Industry
2014
Percent Total
2014
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and
-
0.0%
426
1.0%
Mining
Construction
25
8.7%
4,910
11.1%
Manufacturing
24
8.3%
2,768
6.3%
Wholesale Trade
7
2.4%
679
1.5%
Retail Trade
48
16.6%
6,900
15.7%
Transportation, Warehousing and Utilities
8
2.8%
2,605
5.9%
Information
3
1.0%
906
2.1%
Finance, Real Estate, Rental and Leasing
52
18.0%
2,923
6.6%
Professional Scientific, Management,
Administrative, and Waste Management
44
15.2%
4,557
10.3%
Services
Educational, Health and Social Services
36
12.5%
8,601
19.5%
Arts, Entertainment, Recreation,
26
9.0%
5,104
11.6%
Accommodation and Food Services
Other Services (Except Public
9
3.1%
1,829
4.2%
Administration
Public Administration
7
2.4%
1,830
4.2%
Total Employed Persons 16+
289
100.0%
44,038
100.0%
Further evidence of the importance of the tourism to the Town is the financial impact
experienced throughout Brunswick County. Even when adjusting for inflation, the
economic impact of tourism in Brunswick County has experienced a meteoric rise over the
last twenty years. In 2013, the economic impact of tourism was nearly $500 million.
Figure 2.6: Brunswick County Tourism
Source: NC Commerce Travel Impact Model
Brunswick County Tourism Impact ($ millions)
$500.00
$450.00
$400.00
$350.00
$300.00
$250.00
$200.00
$150.00 $115.83
$100.00
$50.00
$470.58
cO O'y �`l' c� CD' F� O� c1 00 00 00 Oy OL O� ODc O� O� O^ 04> 00 y0 y� titi ti�
y� �O ti0 ti0 ti0 ti0 ti0 ti0 ' 'O ' �O -O ,y0 -0 �O �O ti0 �O LO �O y0
2-17

Chapter 2: Community Profile Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
SUMMARY
Based on the statistics contained within this chapter, and the comparative data provided in
Table 2.14, it is clear that the Town of Ocean Isle Beach is one of the more exclusive and
upscale coastal communities in North Carolina. Furthermore, the change in population
from the off-season to the peak season is likely one of the most substantial increases of all
coastal communities in the state, with a multiplying factor of more than 30 times the
permanent population. The balance of seasonal to permanent residents has remained
largely unchanged over the last twenty-five years as a result of more tempered annexation
policies than other coastal communities across the state. As with Brunswick County, the
Town will continue experience population growth over the next twenty to thirty years as
the coast of North Carolina continues to be huge draw for retirees and those seeking the
lifestyle offered by such.
• In Ocean Isle Beach, the permanent population increased from 138 to nearly 600
residents from 1980 to 2014.
• In Ocean Isle Beach, the percentage of the permanent population that is above the
age of 65 has increased dramatically since the year 2000, from 85 persons to more
than 250 in 2014.
• During the summer months, the peak seasonal overnight population in the Town of
Ocean Isle Beach is estimated to be 19,977 people. This equates to a peak seasonal
overnight population that is 33.46 times higher than the permanent population.
• In 2035, the permanent population of Ocean Isle Beach is projected to be 917
people. This is an increase of about 320 people or 53%.
• As of 2014, only 10.9% of the housing units in Ocean Isle Beach were occupied year-
round; a low percentage for even for a coastal community. For example, the Town of
Holden Beach and Sunset Beach both have higher year-round occupancy rates at
18.4% and 35.6% respectively, noting that Sunset Beach has a much larger
mainland/year-round population compared to Ocean Isle Beach.
• Within the Town's ETJ, the number of single-family permits issued has increased
significantly over the last few years.
• Compared with all of North Carolina's coastal municipalities, owner -occupied
housing values are the third highest in Ocean Isle Beach.
• Of the year-round population aged 16 years and over, less than 50% are considered
part of the labor force.
• Of the Town's employed labor force, the industry segment with the greatest number
of employees is in Finance, Real Estate, Rental and Leasing.
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Chapter 2: Community Profile
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Table 2.14: Demographic Characteristics of Selected North Carolina Beach Communities
Source: US Census Bureau 2014 American Community Survev and NCOSBM.
%
Labor
Percent
Median
Force
Median
Median
Per
Total
Value of
MunicipalityHousing
OwnerMedian
Age
1
16
OccupiedAges
Year
years &
Older
DetachedAll
North Carolina
37.8
85.3%
63.2%
$46,693
$57,328
$25,608
65.3%
$153,600
Brunswick
49.2
60.9%
53.6%
$48,331
$55,624
$31,264
62.8%
$179,800
County
Atlantic Beach
50.7
17.8%
64.7%
$48,271
$55,938
$31,264
31.3%
$262,900
Bald Head
63.7
8.0%
29.4%
$96,000
$95,750
$63,248
88.8%
$684,200
Island
Carolina Beach
43.0
46.5%
66.8%
$57,592
$86,023
$34,649
32.4%
$254,800
Caswell Beach
63.3
29.6%
39.3%
$74,219
$90,313
$45,989
49.0%
$414,000
Emerald Isle
52.5
26.6%
52.9%
$60,405
$82,177
$38,848
55.1%
$376,800
Holden Beach
62.0
18.4%
67.6%
$68,281
$76,389
$50,187
89.4%
$420,200
Indian beach
62.6
6.8%
43.3%
$116,250
$137,614
$52,451
8.2%
$335,700
Kill Devil Hills
38.5
45.5%
79.2%
$54,861
$58,250
$28,497
84.5%
$252,800
Kitty Hawk
47.6
48.5%
75.4%
$52,975
$60,056
$32,403
68.9%
$304,500
Kure Beach
54.2
46.3%
54.7%
$73,977
$79,286
$38,725
62.3%
$363,600
Nags Head
44.8
24.9%
65.0%
$55,089
$64,637
$37,885
83.4%
$318,600
North Topsail
42.1
22.3%
66.1%
$57,813
$61,447
$40,309
31.8%
$270,600
Beach
Oak Island
53.7
39.6%
53.8%
$47,761
$55,719
$30,462
81.9%
$254,800
Ocean Isle
61.9
10.9%
48.9%
$64,773
$81,591
$54,870
70.3%
$496,400
Beach
$40,205
Pine Knoll
61.6
36.2%
44.9%
$66,013
$81,923
54.1%
$379,700
Shores
Southern
53.5
49.4%
59.3%
$84,861
$97,604
$42,410
98.5%
$450,200
Shores
Sunset Beach
66.6
35.6%
38.9%
$55,800
$72,619
$42,736
56.8%
$267,300
Surf City
42.9
34.1%
63.6%
$63,656
$80,568
$38,032
63.4%
$331,100
Topsail Beach
59.0
18.1%
57.5%
$49,712
$79,028
$40,501
87.9%
$396,400
Wrightsville
33.9
42.8%
68.6%
$61,389
$98,125
$48,183
39.4%
$774,700
Beach
NC Beach
Municipal
52.9
30.4%
57.0%
$65,485
$79,753
$41,593
61.9%
$380,465
Average.
Ocean Isle
6tn
3ra
5tn
8tn Highest
9tn
2nd
8the
3ra
Beach Rank
Highest
Lowest
Lowest
Highest
Highest
Highest
Highest
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
CHAPTER 3: NATURAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
Protecting and enhancing Ocean Isle Beach's natural systems is critical to the quality of life
of residents and visitors. Previous land use plans demonstrate a strong commitment to
preserving the beautiful and abundant natural resources of the Town. Accordingly, any
residential, commercial or other development activities permitted by the Town of Ocean
Isle Beach shall be compatible with current regulations, development patterns, Areas of
Environmental Concern (AEC) and wetlands requirements. This section of the land use plan
describes and analyzes the natural features and environmental conditions within the
jurisdiction of the Town of Ocean Isle Beach.
One of the basic purposes of North Carolina's Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) is to
establish provisions capable of rational and coordinated management of coastal resources.
Development of local land use plans and the designation and regulation of AECs provide the
foundation for North Carolina's coastal resource management program. In combination,
these mechanisms allow state and local governments to preserve and enhance the state's
coastal resources. State guidelines have been adopted to ensure uniformity and
consistency in land use plans and in the regulation of AECs; local governments, however,
are granted significant flexibility when developing policies and taking actions to protect
them. Accordingly, an important component of the land use plan is to identify those AECs
present within the Town of Ocean Isle Beach's jurisdiction.
AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN
The State Guidelines for Areas of Environmental Concern (15A NCAC 7H, or regulations
governing development for AECs) require that local land use plans give special attention to
the protection of appropriate AECs. CAMA charges the Coastal Resources Commission
(CRC) with the responsibility for identifying the areas —water and land —in which
uncontrolled or incompatible development might result in irreversible damage. CAMA
further instructs the CRC to determine what development activities are appropriate in such
areas, and local governments are required to give special attention to these areas when
developing land use plans. An AEC is an area of natural importance designated by the CRC.
An AEC may be easily destroyed by erosion or flooding. It may also have environmental,
social, economic or aesthetic values worthy of protection. AECs have also been designated
for protection from uncontrolled development that causes irreversible damage to property,
public health or the environment.
To limit detrimental impacts on AECs, CAMA established a permitting program. The intent
of the permitting program is not to stop development, but rather to ensure the
compatibility of development with continued productivity and value of critical land, waters
and natural resources. Responsibility for the permitting program is shared between the
CRC and local governments. Local governments permit "Minor" development activities
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
while "Major" development activities require permits from the CRC (Division of Coastal
Management (DCM) personnel are the staff representatives of the CRC).
The CRC established four categories of AECs:
■ Estuarine and Ocean Systems
■ Ocean Hazard Systems
■ Public Water Supplies
■ Natural and Cultural Resource Areas
Two categories of AECs are not present within the Town of Ocean Isle Beach's jurisdiction,
public water supplies and natural and cultural resources areas. The two categories found
within the Town's jurisdiction are Estuarine and Ocean Systems, and Ocean Hazard
Systems. As a result, shoreline erosion is an important issue for residents in the Town of
Ocean Isle Beach.
ESTUARINE AND OCEAN SYSTEM
The estuarine and ocean system AEC is a broad category that includes the Town's sounds,
marshes and surrounding shorelines. The system includes the following components:
■ Estuarine waters;
■ Estuarine shorelines;
■ Coastal wetlands; and,
■ Public trust areas.
ESTUARINE WATER
Estuarine waters include all waters of the Atlantic Ocean with the boundary of North
Carolina and all waters of the bays, sounds, rivers and tributaries seaward of the dividing
line between coastal fishing waters and inland fishing waters (GS 113A-113(b)(2)). Ocean
Isle Beach's estuarine waters include the Intracoastal Waterway (ICWW), Shallotte River,
Eastern Channel, Old Sound Creek, canal waters and others. The Gold Mine Creek and
Gause Landing Creek are located in the Town's ETJ. Estuaries are extremely productive
natural systems. See Map 3.1 Areas of Environmental Concern.
Estuarine waters in and around Ocean Isle Beach provide important habitat for a diverse
range of shellfish, birds and other forms of marine wildlife. Important habitat features of
an estuarine system include its mud and sand flats, eel grass beds, salt marshes, submerged
vegetation flats and clam and oyster beds. They provide nursery areas and serve as habitat
for a variety of marine and benthic species. Generally speaking, development activities
which are water dependent and require water access and cannot function elsewhere (e.g.
simple access structures, structures to prevent erosion, boat docks, marinas, wharves and
mooring piling) may be allowed within this AEC.
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis
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ESTUARINE SHORELINE
The estuarine shoreline is the non -ocean shoreline, extending from the normal high water
level or normal water level along the estuarine waters, estuaries, sounds, bays, fresh and
brackish waters and public areas (15NCAC 71-1.0209). For non -Outstanding Resource
Waters (ORW), the estuarine shoreline is defined as 75-feet landward from mean high
water line (MHWL) [See Map 3.1]. For ORW waters the distance is 575 feet, however, there
are no ORW waters within Ocean Isle Beach. CAMA permits control development within the
shoreline areas. Generally, development in this area may not weaken natural barriers to
erosion, must have limited hard surfaces, and must take steps to prevent pollution of the
estuary by sedimentation and runoff.
COASTAL WETLANDS
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) defines wetlands as those areas inundated and
saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration to support a prevalence
of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands have
significant values that support the unique lifestyle and quality of life enjoyed by Ocean Isle
Beach residents and visitors. These values include:
■ Water Storage: wetlands are able to store heavy rain, surface runoff, and flood
waters, thereby reducing downstream flooding.
■ Shoreline Stabilization: ground cover and roots of wetland plants help hold soil
in place and prevent sedimentation and nutrient transport.
■ Water Quality: wetlands plants can enhance water quality by removing
pollutants from surface water runoff.
■ Wildlife and Aquatic Habitat: the variety of plants, hydrologic and soil
conditions associated with wetlands provide abundant food and cover for
animal populations and support a number of endangered species and other rare
plants and animals
■ Recreation and Education: the rich array of plants and animals supported by
wetlands provide significant consumptive and non -consumptive use values such
as hunting, fishing, bird watching, kayaking, etc.
CAMA defines coastal wetlands as any salt marsh or other marsh subject to regular or
occasional flooding by tides and contains some, but not necessarily all of the following
marsh plant species: Cord Grass, Black Needlebrush, Glasswort, Salt Grass, Sea Lavender,
Bulrush, Saw Grass, Cat -tail, Salt Meadow Grass, and Salt Reed Grass. This definition does
not include flooding by tides associated with hurricanes, tropical storms, or severe weather
events (15A NCAC 07H.0206).
According to mapping developed by the DCM, Ocean Isle Beach has coastal wetlands of the
brackish saltwater variety. There are 1,314.9 acres of wetlands within the Town's planning
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
jurisdiction. Throughout the corporate limits and the ETJ, 517 acres are coastal wetlands or
salt water marsh and 797.9 acres are non -coastal wetlands. See Map 3.1 Areas of
Environmental Concern. Coastal wetlands are considered to be unsuitable for all
development activities and other land uses that alter their natural functions.
PUBLIC TRUST AREAS
Public trust areas include coastal waters and the submerged tidal lands below the mean
high water line. The water and submerged tidal lands are held in trust for the public to use
through such activities as fishing, swimming, and boating. These areas will often overlap
with estuarine waters, but they also include many inland fishing waters. As general
guidance, the following lands and waters are considered to be public trust areas:
■ All waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands underneath, from the MHWL
seaward to the state's official boundary three miles offshore;
■ All tidally influenced waters below and associated submerged lands below the
MHWL;
■ All navigable natural water bodies and the lands underneath from the normal
high water line seaward (Navigable waters include anything you can float a
canoe in). This does not include privately owned lakes where the public doesn't
have access rights;
■ All water in artificially created water bodies that have significant public fishing
resources and are accessible to the public from other waters; and,
■ All waters in artificially created water bodies where the public has acquired
rights by prescription, custom, usage, dedication or any other means (CAMA
Handbook for development in coastal North Carolina).
Accordingly, the Town of Ocean Isle Beach's public trust waters include all estuarine
waters, their tributaries, and the Atlantic Ocean. Since the submerged tidal waters are held
in trust for the public, the state's policy is to ensure that the public is able to maintain
access to these waters. All development, structures, and land uses that interfere with the
public's right to the access and use of these waters is inconsistent with state policy.
Conversely, navigation channels, piers, marinas, and bulkheads to control erosion are
examples of uses that are frequently considered to enhance the public's use of these public
trust areas.
OCEAN HAZARD SYSTEM
Ocean Hazard AECs are areas where potential erosion and the adverse impact of sand, wind
and water make uncontrolled or incompatible development unreasonable and hazardous
to life and property. The Ocean Hazard category at Ocean Isle Beach includes three areas:
■ Ocean erodible area;
■ Inlet hazard area; and
■ Unvegetated beach area.
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
OCEAN ERODIBLE AREA
Ocean erodible areas are located along the beach strand where there is significant risk of
excessive beach erosion and significant shoreline fluctuation due to natural processes such
as hurricanes and tropical storms (15 NCAC 07H.0304). The seaward boundary of this area
is the mean low water line (MLWL).
The ocean erodible area is defined on a lot -by -lot basis due to the significant variation in
the first line of stable natural vegetation. The extent of the AEC is determined by
multiplying the long-term annual erosion rate by 60 (15 NCAC 7H.0304). The first line of
stable natural vegetation and/or the static vegetation line are utilized to determine the
required CAMA oceanfront setback for structures.
INLET HAZARD AREA
The inlet hazard area AEC covers the land at the eastern and western ends of the island
[See Map 3.1]. The Inlet Hazard Area extends inland a sufficient distance to encompass the
area where the state reasonably expects the inlet could migrate in the future (15 NCAC 7H
.0304). Development within the inlet hazard area must comply with three key use
standards: (1) it must comply with setbacks for the ocean hazard area found in the
preceding section; (2) the density for commercial and residential structures is limited to no
more than three units per acre; and, (3) only residential structures of four units or less, or
commercial structures less than 5,000 square feet or less, are allowed.
UNVEGETATED BEACH AREA
The final ocean hazard system AEC is the unvegetated beach area. This is defined as land
within the ocean hazard system where no stable natural vegetation is present. This area is
subject to rapid and unpredictable landform change from wind and wave action. Currently,
there is no unvegetated beach area within the Ocean Isle Beach planning jurisdiction.
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
Soils found on Ocean Isle Beach have limited development potential for onsite sewage
disposal systems (OSDS) due to poor filtration or being wet with poor filter. However,
these soil conditions are of limited importance because Ocean Isle Beach is served by a
central sewer system. Soils found on the Island include Newhan Fine Sand, consisting of
gently sloping, excessively drained sands located mostly along the oceanfront and along the
northern portion of the Island. These soils also consist of dredge spoil that are often found
along the edges of the mainland and in the areas where the canals were dredged to create
the current Island configuration. Corolla fine sands are present in small areas in the central
portion of the Island; these soils are typically nearly level, and are somewhat poorly
drained. Corolla soil is mostly found in native vegetation areas adapted to alternate wet
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
and dry periods. Tidal marsh soils are Bohicket silty clay loam, are nearly level, and are
very poorly drained. Generally, tidal marsh areas have limited suitability for development.
HAZARDS
The Town of Ocean Isle Beach is located along the southern coast of Brunswick County. It
is a barrier island bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and the ICWW. Due to its geographic
location, the Town is susceptible to a variety of natural and manmade hazards such as
flooding, hurricanes, nor'easters, severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, tsunamis, and urban
fires. These hazards are summarized in the following sections.
FLOOD HAZARD AREAS
The 100-year flood plain is the accepted benchmark for defining flood hazard areas. The
majority of Ocean Isle Beach lies within the 100-year flood plain [See Special Flood Hazard
Areas Map 3.21. The flood plain in Ocean Isle Beach is mapped including:
AEzones: Special flood hazard areas inundated by the 100-year flood (one
percent chance of a hundred year flood event); base flood elevations are
determined;
VE zones: Special flood hazard areas inundated by the 100-year flood (one
percent chance of a hundred year flood event); coastal floods with velocity
hazards (wave action); base flood elevations are determined.
The majority of Ocean Isle Beach is located in the VE zone. The central portion of the island
surrounding West Third Street is classified as AE. The eastern tip at the end of the island is
comprised of primarily AE zones. According to the 2016 Southeastern NC Regional Hazard
Mitigation Plan, there are 2,289 parcels with a total building value of $593,404,480 that are
impacted by a special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA). In addition, there are more than 1,200
undeveloped parcels that are also located within the SFHA.
Draft preliminary flood maps have been prepared for all of Brunswick County. Once
adopted, development within the Town shall be subject to the flood zones identified on the
new maps. According to the preliminary maps, substantial portions of the Island will
change from a coastal VE zone to a coastal AE zone. Furthermore, much of the portions of
the Island changing from VE zones to AE zones will include a reduction in the base flood
elevation from 17/18 feet to 12/13 feet. It is anticipated that the preliminary flood maps
will be adopted within the next calendar year.
Table 3.1: Housing Units within a Special Flood Hazard Area (Town Limits and ETJ)
Special Flood Hazard Area*
AE 239
VE 3,175
* Current flood maps. Source: Cape Fear Council of Governments GIS; Brunswick County GIS, NC Flood Maps.
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
FEMA FLOOD INSURANCE
According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), there are 4,406,664
flood insurance policies in force. Flood insurance is available in 19,859 participating
communities nationwide including Ocean Isle Beach, where 2,555 policies are in force
valued at $634,595,900. Since 1978, there have been 1,595 documented losses with
payments exceeding $7,679,138. However, the number of losses and total payments in
Ocean Isle Beach are significantly lower than neighboring beach towns of Holden Beach
and Oak Island (data is available only in aggregate from 1978 to present).
One way to help minimize these losses and lower flood insurance premiums is to
participate in the National Flood Insurance Program's (NFIP) Community Rating System
(CRS). The CRS is a voluntary incentive program that recognizes and encourages
community floodplain management activities that exceed the minimum NFIP requirements.
As a result, flood insurance premiums are discounted to reflect the reduced flood risk
resulting from the community actions meeting the three goals of the CRS: (1) reduce flood
losses; (2) facilitate accurate insurance rating; and (3) promote the awareness of flood
insurance.
For CRS participating communities, flood insurance premiums are discounted in
increments of five percent. A class 1 community receives a 45 percent premium discount,
while a Class 9 community gets a five percent discount (a Class 10 is not participating in the
CRS and receives no discount). The CRS classifications for local communities are based on
18 creditable activities, organized under four categories: (i) public information; (ii)
mapping and regulations; (iii) flood damage reduction; and (iv) flood preparedness. There
are 994 communities receiving flood insurance premium discounts based on their
implementation of local mitigation, outreach, and educational activities that go beyond
minimum NFIP requirements. While premium discounts are one benefit of participating in
the CRS, the real benefit is that these activities help save lives and reduce property damage.
Ocean Isle Beach participates in the CRS; the Town is a Class 8, which allows property
owners to receive a 10 percent savings on their flood insurance policy.
Table 3.2: Flood Insurance Policies (As of July 31, 2016)
Source: FEMA, Insurance Policies: httl2s:Z/bsa.nfil2stat.fema.gov/retorts/1011.htm
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Table 3.3: Loss Statistics for Ocean Isle Beach, Brunswick County &
North Carolina (1978 - September 2016)
Ocean Isle Beach
Total Losses
1,595
Total Payment
$7,679,138.24
Holden Beach
2,118
$11,884,180.73
Oak Island
2258
$19,141,796.49
North Carolina
76,736
$1,014,700,833.34
Source: FEMA, Loss Statistics: http://bsa.nfipstat.fema.gov/reports/1040.htm#37
HURRICANES
One of the main flooding threats is from hurricanes. A hurricane is a cyclonic storm that
originates in tropical ocean waters. As a hurricane develops, barometric pressure at its
center falls while its winds increase. Winds at or exceeding 39 miles per hour result in a
named tropical storm that is closely monitored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration's (NOAA's) National Hurricane Center [Table 3.4]. When winds exceed 74
miles per hour, it becomes a hurricane.
Hurricanes are judged by their power according to the Saffir-Simpson Scale. This measure
of the power of a hurricane classifies hurricanes according to a sliding scale from 1 to 5
(with category 5 storms as the most severe) [Table 3.4]. Since hurricanes derive their
strength from warm ocean waters, they generally deteriorate in intensity when they make
landfall. The forward momentum at the time of landfall can range from just a few miles per
hour to upwards of 40 miles per hour. The forward motion, combined with the
counterclockwise surface flow make the front right quadrant of the hurricane the most
dangerous in terms of damaging winds and storm surge.
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Table 3.4: Hurricanes & the Saffir-Simpson Scale
CategorySpeedWind
Types of Damage
Storm Surge•
Very dangerous winds will produce some
damage:
Well -constructed frame homes could have
Storm surge 3 to 5 feet
damage to roof, shingles, vinyl siding and
above normal. Low
1
74-96
gutters. Large branches of trees will snap and
lying roads inundated.
shallowly rooted trees may be toppled.
Minor pier damage.
Extensive damage to power lines and poles
likely will result in power outages that could
last a few to several days.
Storm surge 6 to 8 feet
above normal. Low
Extremely dangerous winds will cause
lying roads inundated.
extensive damage:
Low lying escape routes
Well -constructed frame homes could sustain
cut by rising water two
2
96-110
major roof and siding damage. Many shallowly
to four hours before
rooted trees will be snapped or uprooted and
storm's arrival.
block numerous roads. Near -total power loss is
Considerable pier
expected with outages that could last from
damage. Marinas
several days to weeks.
flooded. Evacuation of
some shoreline and low
lying areas required.
Storm surge 8 to 12 feet
Devastating damage will occur:
above normal. Serious
Well-built framed homes may incur major
flooding at coast and
damage or removal of roof decking and gable
many smaller structures
3
111-129
ends. Many trees will be snapped or uprooted,
near the coast
destroyed. Larger
blocking numerous roads. Electricity and water
structures near the
will be unavailable for several days to weeks
coast damaged by
after the storm passes.
battering waves and
floating debris.
Catastrophic damage will occur:
Storm surge 13 to 18
Well-built framed homes can sustain severe
feet above normal.
damage with loss of most of the roof structure
Major damage to lower
and/or some exterior walls. Most trees will be
floors of structures near
4
130-156
snapped or uprooted and power poles downed.
the shore due to
Fallen trees and power poles will isolate
flooding and battering
residential areas. Power outages will last weeks
by waves and floating
to possibly months. Most of the area will be
debris. Major beach
uninhabitable for weeks or months.
erosion.
Catastrophic damage will occur:
Storm surge possibly
A high percentage of framed homes will be
greater than 18 feet
destroyed, with total roof failure and wall
above normal. Major
5
157+
collapse. Fallen trees and power poles will
damage to lower levels
isolate residential areas. Power outages will last
of all structures less
for weeks to possibly months. Most of the area
than 15 feet above mean
will be uninhabitable for weeks or months.
sea level
Source: National Hurricane Center: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutsshws.php & Hurricane Zone.net
http://www.hurricanezone.netiarticles/saffirsimpsonscale.html
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
STORM SURGE AREAS
Since Ocean Isle Beach is located mostly within the 100-year floodplain, it is particularly
vulnerable to storm surges and corresponding erosion, wave action, flooding, high winds,
and beach washover associated with hurricanes. Storm surge is water pushed toward the
shore by the force of winds swirling around the hurricane or low- pressure meteorological
system. The advancing surge combines with the normal tides to create the hurricane storm
tide otherwise known as the storm surge. As a result, the MHWL can rise by 15 feet or
more. The rise in water level causes severe flooding in coastal areas, particularly when a
storm surge coincides with high tide. Wind and wave action is then superimposed on this
storm surge water level.
Wind is a major determinant in the classification of a hurricane. Any tropical storm with
sustained winds of 74 mph is classified as a hurricane. Hurricanes are judged by their
power according to the Saffir-Simpson scale. This measure of the power of a hurricane
classifies hurricanes according to a sliding scale from 1 to 5 (with category 5 storms as the
most severe). The speed and strength of the storm is important in estimating the impact of
the storm that can be determined by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) model. Waves and
currents associated with the storm surge may cause extensive damage. Water weighs
approximately 1,700 pounds per cubic yard; periods of prolonged wave action can
demolish any structure not specifically designed to withstand such forces. Table 3.5 shows
the acreage of land impacted by storm surge for a fast moving hurricane at various storm
levels. The areas subject to storm surges are depicted graphically on the Map of Storm
Surge Inundation from a Fast Moving Hurricane (SLOSH) in Map 3.3.
Storm
ETJ Additional Land
ETJ Total Land
Impacted
Level
Impacted (Acres)
(Acres)
Island Additional
Island Total
Storm
Level
Land Impacted
Land Impacted
(Acres)
(Acres)
1,432
:11,441
Source: SLOSH - NOAA; Cape Fear Council of Governments GIS.
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
NOR "EASTERS
Another type of storm event with the potential for damage and severe beach erosion is
what is known as a nor'easter. Unlike hurricanes, these storms are extra -tropical, deriving
their strength from horizontal gradients in temperature. Although nor'easters are more
diffuse and less intense than hurricanes, they occur more frequently, cover much larger
stretches of shoreline, and can last much longer. As a result, they can occur more
frequently than hurricanes and while their damage is less, they can cause coastal flooding,
wind damage, and severe beach erosion. A number of nor'easters have impacted North
Carolina in recent decades.
TORNADOESIWATERSPO UTS
The national weather service defines a tornado as a violently rotating column of air in
contact with the ground and extending from the base of a thunderstorm. The Fujita-
Pearson Tornado Scale rates tornadoes based on path, length, width, and intensity [Table
3.6]. Historical tornado activity on Ocean Isle Beach is 27% below the North Carolina state
average. Although tornadoes can occur throughout the year, most occur during the spring
months of March (13 percent), April (11 percent), May (22 percent), and June (14 percent).
Beginning in 2007, the Enhanced Fujita Scale, or EF Scale, replaced the now -obsolete Fujita
scale. The scale has been revised to reflect better examinations of tornado damage surveys,
so as to align wind speeds more closely with associated storm damage. "EF" categories
associated with the Enhanced Fujita Scale are listed in Table 3.6.
Tornadic waterspouts are tornadoes that form over water, or move from land to water.
They have the same characteristics as a land tornado. They are associated with severe
thunderstorms, and are often accompanied by high winds and seas, large hail, and frequent
dangerous lightning. If a waterspout moves onshore, the National Weather Service issues a
tornado warning, as some of them can cause significant damage and injuries to people.
Table 3.6: Fujita-Pearson Tornado Scale
EF-Scale
EF 0
Damage
Light
Winds (mph)
65-85
Path Length
<1
Mean Width
<0.01
EF 1
Moderate
86-110
1-3.1
0.01 - 0.03
EF 2
Considerable
111-135
3.2 - 9.9
0.04 - 0.09
EF 3
Severe
136-165
10 - 31
0.1- 0.31
EF 4
Devastating
166-200
32 - 99
0.32 - 0.99
EF 5
Incredible
>200
>100
>1
Source: NOAA. Fuiita
Tornado Scale: httn://www.SDc.noaa.gov/faa/tornado/f-scale.html
& NOAA. Enhanced
F Scale for Tornado Damage: httl2: //www.s12c.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/ef-scale.html
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis
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URBAN FIRES
Urban fires are a manmade hazard. They occur in populated areas and usually involve
buildings, structures, or outside areas. The potential for the spread of urban fires depends
upon surface and fuel characteristics, recent climatic conditions, and current
meteorological conditions, particularly wind. The likelihood of an urban fire in Ocean Isle
Beach is not much different than other Towns. However, the likelihood of an urban fire
spreading rapidly is high given the limited setbacks and the large number of structures
with wooden patio style sundecks, which can act as fuel to spread urban fires. Other
combustible items such as landscaping materials, stairs, lattices, HVAC mounting
structures, fences, and cars located in setbacks can further increase the likelihood of a fire
spreading to adjacent structures. Moreover, if a fire starts to spread, the fact that many
houses are located on dead end streets that are not easily accessible can hinder or delay
rescue and firefighting efforts.
WATER QUALITY
Surface waters should contain a balanced amount of nutrients and have normal
fluctuations in salinity and temperature. They should also have plenty of oxygen and little
suspended sediment so that marine life can breathe and receive enough sunlight to grow.
Monitoring changes in North Carolina's water quality is important. Data collected helps
scientists evaluate changing water quality conditions. Factors affecting water quality
include:
■ Nutrients: While essential for plants and animals, they can be harmful if there is
an overabundance;
■ Sediments: Can cloud the water and hamper the growth or even kill aquatic
plants;
■ Water temperature: Changes in normal water temperatures can affect when
animal and plants feed, reproduce and migrate;
■ Salinity: Changes in salinity can adversely affect a wide range of marine life;
■ Dissolved oxygen: Is essential for animals living within the estuary. Reduced
levels of dissolved oxygen (e.g., due to an algae bloom or eutrophic conditions)
can adversely affect marine life;
■ Contaminants and other pollutants: There are a variety of other contaminants
and pollutants that can adversely affect the growth, survival, and reproduction
of marine and benthic organisms.
As a strategy for the management of North Carolina's waters, the NC Department of
Environment Quality's (DEQ) Division of Water Resources (DWR) assigns classifications to
water bodies [See Map 3.4]. The primary classifications are:
■ SC: All tidal salt waters protected for secondary recreation such as fishing,
boating, and other activities involving minimal skin contact; fish and
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
noncommercial shellfish consumption; aquatic life propagation and survival;
and wildlife.
■ SB: Tidal salt waters protected for all SC uses in addition to primary recreation.
Primary recreational activities include swimming, skin diving, water skiing, and
similar uses involving human body contact with water where such activities
take place in an organized manner or on a frequent basis.
■ SA: Tidal salt waters that are used for commercial shellfishing or marketing
purposes and are also protected for all Class SC and Class SB uses. All SA waters
are also High Quality Waters (HQW) by supplemental classification.
Additional water quality classifications include:
■ High Quality Waters (HQW): Supplemental classification intended to protect
waters which are rated excellent based on biological and physical/chemical
characteristics through Division monitoring or special studies, primary nursery
areas designated by the Marine Fisheries Commission, and other functional
nursery areas designated by the Marine Fisheries Commission.
■ Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW): All outstanding resource waters are a
subset of High Quality Waters. This supplemental classification is intended to
protect unique and special waters having excellent water quality and being of
exceptional state or national ecological or recreational significance. No ORW are
located in Ocean Isle Beach's jurisdiction.
■ Swamp Waters (SW): Supplemental classification intended to recognize those
waters which have low velocities and other natural characteristics which are
different from adjacent streams.
■ Nutrient Sensitive Waters (NSW): Supplemental classification intended for
waters needing additional nutrient management due to being subject to
excessive growth of microscopic or macroscopic vegetation.
See Map 3.4 and Table 3.7 displaying the surface water classifications.
There are no areas within the jurisdiction of Ocean Isle Beach known to have chronic waste
treatment malfunctions. This is due to the centralized sewage treatment system. The
system has no chronic malfunctions and operates within its National Pollution Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permit conditions.
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis
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Table 3.7 Receiving Streams Adjacent to Ocean Isle Beach
Receiving Stream
StreamQuality
Classification
Support
Rating
Name
Shallotte River
Segment
From source to NC
SW, HQW
Supporting
Issues
Supporting
Highway 130
Aquatic Life due
to a Good -Fair
benthic rating.
These are not
classified as
shellfish waters.
Shallotte River
From NC Highway 130
SC
No data
US Highway 17
Shallotte River
From US Highway 17 to
SC, HQW
No data
the mouth of the Mill
Pond
Shallotte River
From the mouth of the
SA, HQW
Impaired for
Waters are
Mill Pond to the
shellfish
classified as SA,
Intracoastal Waterway
harvesting
but are impaired
for shellfish
harvesting due to
Division of
Environmental
Health shellfish
ratings.
Intracoastal
From the Cape Fear
SA, HQW
Impaired for
Waters are
Waterway (includes
River Basin Buoy to the
shellfish
classified as SA,
Island canals)
North Carolina -South
harvesting
but are impaired
Carolina State line
(partial, see figure
for shellfish
3.1)
harvesting due to
Division of
Environmental
Health shellfish
ratings.
Eastern Channel
From source to
SA, HQW
Impaired for
Waters are
Intracoastal Waterway
shellfish
classified as SA
including tributaries
harvesting
but are subject to
closure for shell -
fishing based on
Division of Marine
Fisheries
classification.
Bacterial
pollution from
stormwater
runoff is the
primary water
quality problem.
Source: 2014 303(d) list.
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
SHELLFISHING & PRIMARY NURSERYAREAS
There are a number of waters in and adjacent to the Town of Ocean Isle Beach that are
closed to shellfishing. These areas are illustrated graphically on the figure below as well as
on the NCDEQ Division of Marine Fisheries website. These closures are due primarily to
stormwater runoff and other nonpoint sources of pollution, both from within the Town of
Ocean Isle Beach and surrounding areas in the County located within the watershed.
} ` Closed shellfish areas are areas where
shellfish harvesting is prohibited by law
r due to unsafe levels of pollutants caused
by conditions such as wastewater
discharge and non -point source
stormwater run-off. Within the planning
jurisdiction of Ocean Isle Beach,
shellfishing is prohibited in portions of the
Intracoastal Waterway and Conditionally
Closed (shown in red hatching) in all
_- estuaries west of the black line seen in
jean Isle Inset I:lap image on left. Also see the image depicting
Beach the Conditionally Approved Open to the
east of the black line to Shallotte Inlet (no
hatching). Areas around Tubbs Inlet are
also Conditionally Approved Open. See the NCDEQ Division of Marine Fisheries website to
view the entire shellfish closure map.
Salt marshes and estuaries along the North Carolina coast also serve as nursery grounds for
90 percent of fish species. North Carolina was the first state to protect these fragile
ecosystems. The nursery system in North Carolina contains three categories:
Primary nursery areas;
Secondary nursery areas; and,
Special secondary nursery areas.
Primary nursery areas are found within the Town of Ocean Isle Beach. Primary nursery
areas are generally located in the upper portions of creeks and bays. These areas are
usually shallow with soft muddy bottoms and are surrounded by marshes and wetlands
[See Map 3.6]. Low salinity levels and abundance of food make these areas ideal for young
fish and shellfish. To protect juveniles, many commercial fishing activities are prohibited in
primary nursery areas including the use of trawl nets, seine nets, dredges, or any
mechanical devices used to harvest clams and oysters. Violators face substantial penalties.
There are approximately 750 acres of primary fish nursery areas within Ocean Isle Beach's
corporate limits.
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Secondary nursery areas are located in the lower portions of creek and bays. Young fish and
shellfish (primarily blue crabs and shrimp) move into these waters as they grow and
develop. Trawling is not allowed in secondary nursery areas.
Special secondary nursery areas are located adjacent to secondary nursery areas but are
closer to open waters of sounds and the ocean. When juvenile species are abundant, these
waters are closed to trawling for a majority of the year.
NON -COASTAL WETLANDS
Section 404 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act ("the Clean Water Act") defines
wetlands as "areas that are inundated or saturated by surface water or ground water at a
frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do
support, a prevalence of vegetation adapted to life in saturated soil conditions."
"Any person, firm, or agency (including Federal, state, and local government agencies)
planning to work in navigable waters of the United States, or discharge (dump, place,
deposit) dredged or fill material in waters of the United States, including wetlands, must
first obtain a permit from the Army Corps of Engineers (COE)." If an activity requires an
ACOE '404' permit, the state of North Carolina requires that a `401' water quality
certification be obtained as well. The '401' certification is basically a verification by the
state that a given project will not degrade waters of the State or otherwise violate water
quality standards.
Within the planning jurisdiction of the Town of Ocean Isle Beach, there are 797.9 acres of
non -coastal wetlands. The largest type of non -coastal wetland is managed pineland, which
makes up approximately 62% of the total non -coastal wetlands. Estuarine shrub/scrub and
pine flat both have the same amount of acres, together equaling approximately 24% of the
non -coastal wetlands in the area. The remaining types of non -coastal wetlands and their
acres can be found in Table 3.8.
A description of the types of wetlands found in the planning jurisdiction is below can be
seen on Map 3.5.
Bottomland Hardwood/Riverine Swamp Forest - Riverine forested or occasionally
scrub/shrub communities usually occurring in floodplains, that are semi -
permanently to seasonally flooded. In bottomland hardwood systems, typical
species include oaks (overcup, water, laurel, swamp chestnut), sweet gum, green
ash, cottonwoods, willows, river birch, and occasionally pines. In swamp forest
systems, typical species include cypress, black gum, water tupelo, green ash and red
maple.
Depressional Swamp Forest - Very poorly drained non-riverine forested or
occasionally scrub/shrub communities that are semi -permanently or temporarily
flooded. Typical species include cypress, black gum, water tupelo, green ash and red
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
maple. These are distinguished from riverine swamp forests in the data by having a
hydrogeomorphic (hgm) class of flat (f).
Hardwood Flat - Poorly drained interstream flats not associated with rivers or
estuaries. Seasonally saturated by a high water table or poor drainage. Species vary
greatly but often include sweet gum and red maple.
Pine Flat - Palustrine (non -tidal), seasonally saturated pine habitats on hydric
(saturated) soils that may become dry for part of the year, generally on flat or nearly
flat areas that are not associated with a river or stream system. This category does
not include managed pine systems.
Pocosin - Palustrine (non -tidal) scrub/shrub communities (i.e. non -Estuarine
Scrub/Shrub) dominated by evergreen shrubs, often mixed with pond or loblolly
pines. Typically occur on saturated, acid, nutrient poor, sandy or peaty soils; usually
removed from large streams; and subject to periodic burning.
Estuarine Forest - A forested wetland community subject to occasional flooding by
tides, including wind tides (whether or not the tide water's reach these areas
through natural or artificial watercourses). Examples include pine -dominated
communities with rushes in the understory or fringe swamp communities such as
those that occur along the Albemarle and Pamlico sounds.
Estuarine Shrub/Scrub - Any shrub/scrub vegetation dominated habitat subject to
occasional flooding by tides, including wind tides (whether or not the tidewaters
reach the marshland areas through natural or artificial watercourses).
Human Impacted Wetlands - Areas of human impact have physically disturbed the
wetland, but the area is still a wetland. Impoundments and some cutovers are
included in this category, as well as other disturbed areas such as power lines.
Managed Pineland - Seasonally saturated, managed pine forests occurring on hydric
soils. This wetland category may also contain non -managed pine forests occurring
on hydric soils. Generally these are areas that were not shown on National Wetland
Inventory maps. These areas may or may not be jurisdictional wetlands.
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis
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Table 3.8: Types of Wetlands in Ocean Isle Beach, NC
Types
Bottomland Hardwood/Riverine Swamp Forest
Acres
32.09
Percent of
Total
4.02%
Depressional Swamp Forest
2.29
0.29%
Hardwood Flat
4.41
0.55%
Headwater Swamp
12.24
1.53%
Pine Flat
97.72
12.25%
Pocosin
51.39
6.44%
Estuarine Shrub/Scrub
101.19
12.68%
Managed Pineland
494.80
62.01%
Freshwater Marsh
1.77
0.22%
Total
797.91
100%
Source: National Wetlands Inventory.
WATER SUPPLY AND WELLHEAD PROTECTION AREAS
There are no surface water supply waters or watersheds in the vicinity of Ocean Isle Beach.
Drinking water is provided by Brunswick County. See Chapter 4 for a discussion of the
water supply.
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRAGILE AREAS
Fragile areas are defined as sensitive areas that are easily destroyed by inappropriate or
poorly planned development. Fragile areas include: AECs; coastal wetlands; non -coastal
wetlands; sand dunes; ocean beaches and shorelines; estuarine waters; estuarine
shorelines; public trust waters; complex natural areas; prime wildlife habitats; areas that
sustain remnant species; areas with unique geologic formations; natural areas identified by
the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program; and archeological and historical resources as
well as other sensitive areas not currently protected under existing rules. Given its
location, almost all of Ocean Isle Beach is located within or adjacent to fragile areas. Many
of these areas have previously been discussed. This section describes natural heritage
areas and the areas containing endangered species.
NATURAL HERITAGEAREAS
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program inventories, catalogues, and facilitates
protection of the rarest and most outstanding elements of the natural diversity of our state.
This includes plants and animals that are rare, or natural communities that merit special
consideration as land use decisions are made. The information generated by this program
supports informed evaluations of the trade-offs between biological diversity and
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis
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development projects before plans are finalized. The information also facilitates the
establishment of priorities for protecting North Carolina's most significant natural areas.
There are no significant natural heritage areas identified within the planning jurisdiction of
Ocean Isle Beach. However, Brantley Island located east of 904 is a Natural Heritage Area
[See Map 3.6].
AREAS CONTAINING ENDANGERED SPECIES
Endangered species describe plant or animal species in danger of extinction within the
foreseeable future throughout a significant portion of its range. The term "threatened
species" is used when a plant or animal is deemed likely to become endangered within the
foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range. Areas that contain, or
are likely to contain, endangered species in the Town of Ocean Isle Beach include the dry
sand areas of the oceanfront beach, dunes, and the marshes along the estuarine shoreline.
Endangered animals identified on Ocean Isle Beach include various types of birds including
the piping plover, a variety of sea turtles, and other transitory wildlife. In order to help
preserve endangered wildlife, turtle nesting areas are marked each year in order to protect
the nests. It is important to keep in close contact with state and local agencies charged with
protecting endangered species and sightings of rare and endangered plants and animals
should be reported.
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND POLICIES
INTRODUCTION
The Town has established a set of land use and development related policies to act as
guidelines during any official decision making process. These policies and goals provide
citizens, property owners, and developers with a predictability of official actions. Town
policies in this chapter relate to natural systems. Two CAMA management topics are
covered in the policy section herein: Water Quality and Natural Hazard Areas.
It should be noted that these topic areas are developed as part of the Division of Coastal
Management's 7B Land Use Planning Guidelines.
Refer to Appendix A for Definitions of actions words contained within the policy section.
WATER QUALITYAND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Goal 3.1: Maintain, protect and where possible enhance the natural environment and
water quality in all coastal wetlands, rivers, streams, and estuaries.
Objective 3.1.A: Protect the Natural Environment of Ocean Isle Beach: The Town shall
take actions designed to protect and where possible enhance and restore the sensitive
natural resources located in and adjacent to the Town of Ocean Isle Beach.
Policy 3.1.A.1: Surface Water Quality: The Town of Ocean Isle Beach shall
continue to take actions that protect and enhance the water quality of the estuarine
system.
Recommended Action 3.1.A.1.a: The Town will continue to partner with
Brunswick County Utilities to ensure that wastewater is treated at a tertiary
level to protect surface and groundwater quality.
Recommended Action 3.1.A.1.b: The Town will work with County and state
officials to improve the quality of surface waters that drain to the
Intracoastal Waterway.
Policy 3.1.A.2: Sewage Treatment: The Town will continue to partner with
Brunswick County Utilities for tertiary wastewater treatment within its
incorporated area as a means to preserve water quality.
Policy 3.1.A.3: Stormwater Runoff: The Town will continue to enforce the
stormwater management ordinance with requirements for engineered plans,
stormwater controls, and maintenance agreements for all new development and
redevelopment.
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis
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Policy 3.1.A.4: Reduction of Existing Stormwater Discharges: The Town shall
utilize structural and non-structural BMPs designed to reduce the quantity and
increase the quality of existing stormwater discharges.
Recommended Action 3.1.A.4.a: When state roads are repaired or
resurfaced, where practicable, the Town shall require the Department of
Transportation (DOT) to use infiltration systems and other structural or
nonstructural BMPs necessary to treat stormwater generated from road
surfaces. When Town roads are repaired or resurfaced, the Town shall seek
state funding to assist with its efforts to treat stormwater generated by road
surfaces using infiltration devices and other structural and nonstructural
BMPs.
Policy 3.1.A.5: Stormwater Discharges from Municipal Sources: Where
practicable, the Town shall eliminate stormwater discharges resulting from
municipal activities. Where elimination is not possible, the Town shall mitigate the
sources of stormwater discharges to the maximum extent practicable.
Recommended Action 3.1.A.5.a: The staff of the Public Utilities Department
shall expand its efforts to identify and eliminate stormwater discharges
resulting from the Town's municipal activities.
Policy 3.1.A.6: Low Impact Development (LID). The Town supports Low Impact
Development practices implemented in the Lockwood's Folly watershed and other
similar coastal watersheds. Such LID practices may include retaining/infiltrating
most of the runoff on -site, maximizing the use of permeable pavements, reducing
the amount of impervious coverage, and clustering housing to allow a profitable
development density while maximizing open space.
Policy 3.1.A.7: Development Along Finger Canals: Due to the sensitive nature of
the finger canals located within the Town, only single-family residential structures
are encouraged adjacent to the canals.
Policy 3.1.A.8: Estuarine System: The Town shall continue to give priority to
those uses which are compatible with appropriate management of the Estuarine
System; development occurring within the Town should be compatible so as to
minimize the likelihood of significant loss of private property and public resources.
Policy 3.1.A.9: Personal Watercraft and Public Trust Resources: The Town
shall seek to ensure the responsible use of jet skis and other watercraft within the
Public Trust Areas of Ocean Isle Beach to protect the marshes and other shallow
water estuaries where damage to the resource is likely.
Policy 3.1.A.10: Development of Sound and Estuarine System Islands: The
Town discourages the development of "conservation spoil" islands; however, the
Town believes that existing structures in the spoil easement area (generally now
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
known as Laurinburg, Monroe, Fairmont, Wilmington, Craven and Concord Street
areas) would be recognized and protected.
Policy 3.1.A.11: Commercial and Residential Fisheries: The Town supports
federal and state projects which increase the productivity of coastal and estuarine
waters. Projects such as dredging to increase flushing along tidal waters, oyster
reseeding programs, and properly constructed artificial reefs will be supported.
Policy 3.1.A.12: Shellfishing Waters: The Town supports and promotes the
activities of the State's Shellfish Management Program. The Town promotes
estuarine water quality through its soil erosion and sedimentation provisions and
by supporting the CAMA major permitting regulations.
Policy 3.1.A.13: Trawling Activities in Estuarine Waters: The Town of Ocean
Isle Beach urges the State of North Carolina to prohibit trawling and purse seine
fishing including fishing for menhaden within one nautical mile of the Ocean Isle
Beach coastline and to ban gill net fishing throughout the year.
Policy 3.1.A.14: Local Clean Up Efforts: The Town supports the "Big Sweep"
beach cleanup program through the local "Trash Bash" program and all similar
efforts to enhance the cleanliness of the natural environment.
Policy 3.1.A.15: Solid Waste Disposal & Recycling: The Town supports measures
to recycle and reduce the amount of solid waste generated by residents, visitors, and
businesses.
Recommended Action 3.1.A.15.a: Implement an island -wide recycling
program to reduce solid waste generation (in effect as of January 2017).
Policy 3.1.A.16: Areas that Sustain Remnant Species: All development plans for
areas that contain remnant species will be carefully reviewed prior to the issuance
of development permits.
Policy 3.1.A.17: Prime Wildlife Habitats: The Town will continue to protect its
prime wildlife habitats by enforcing the CAMA major and minor permitting
program.
Policy 3.1.A.18: Turtle Nesting Areas: The Town shall work to protect habitat
areas used for turtle nesting.
Policy 3.1.A.19: Protection of Wetlands of Highest Functional Significance: It
is Town policy to protect freshwater wetlands, marshes, and 404 wetlands within its
planning jurisdiction in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.
Policy 3.1.A.20: Marsh Damage from Bulkhead Installation: Damage to existing
marshes or beaches by bulkhead installation, or seawalls should be minimized
where possible. Maintenance and repair of existing bulkheads is required.
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
NATURAL HAZARD AREAS
Goal 3.2: Conserve and maintain barrier dunes, beaches, flood plains, coastal wetlands,
and other coastal features for their natural storm protection functions and their natural
resources giving recognition to public health, safety, and welfare issues.
Objective 3.2.A: Protect Against Damage from Hurricanes, Severe Weather or Other
Hazards: The Town will be proactive in its efforts to minimize damage and threats to
public health and safety associated with hurricanes, severe weather, and other hazards and
work to implement the Southeastern NC Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan (2016).
Policy 3.2.A.1: Discouragement of Hazardous Development: The Town shall
use a variety of methods, including CAMA setback requirements and the Flood
Damage Prevention Ordinance, to discourage the development of property that can
be reasonably foreseen as potentially hazardous. This policy shall have deference
for the rights of private property owners.
Policy 3.2.A.2: Flood Prone Areas: All uses allowed in the Town's Zoning
Ordinance shall be permissible in the 100-year flood zones, provided that all new
construction and substantial improvements comply strictly to the Town's Flood
Damage Prevention Ordinance, which has been adopted in conjunction with Ocean
Isle Beach's participation in the National Flood Insurance Program.
Recommended Action 3.2.A.2.a: Ocean Isle Beach will continue to
participate in the National flood Insurance Program, enforce the Flood
Damage Prevention Ordinance, and enforce height limits based upon base
flood elevations.
Policy 3.2.A.3: Flood Insurance: The Town shall take actions necessary to reduce
the cost of flood insurance to property owners by maintaining or improving the
Community Rating System Status (CRS).
Recommended Action 3.2.A.3.a: Continue to train Town staff on the steps
that can be taken to improve the CRS rating for Ocean Isle Beach.
Policy 3.2.A.4: Wave Action and Shoreline Erosion: Ocean Isle Beach will
continue compliance with the CAMA development permit process for estuarine
shoreline areas and the requisite development standards which may encourage
both shoreline stabilization and facilitation of proper drainage.
Recommended Action 3.2.A.4.a: The Town will continue to look for ways to
stabilize the Inlet Hazard Areas.
Policy 3.2.A.S: Land Acquisition: The Town supports the acquisition of property
that is unsuitable for development due to coastal hazards when such acquisition
serves a useful public purpose such as access to the beach or sound. Acquisition of
appropriate properties is also encouraged by federal and state agencies.
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis
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Policy 3.2.A.6: Funding for Land Acquisition and Coastal Amenities: The Town
shall investigate outside funding sources for land acquisition, public access, and
coastal amenities and shall encourage gifts and donations for tax credits as a
mitigation measure for future storm events.
Policy 3.2.A.7: High Winds: Ocean Isle Beach supports enforcement of the NC
State Building Code. The Town will continue to require construction design
standards to meet the minimum required wind loads.
Policy 3.2.A.8: Manmade Hazards: The Town of Ocean Isle Beach strives to
reduce the hazards of the airport thought implementation of its airport zoning
ordinance which restricts land uses and building heights in the surrounding vicinity.
Policy 3.2.A.9: Minimize Potential Fire Damage: Reduce the risk of damage from
urban fires as a result of future development.
Policy 3.2.A.10: Coastal Storm Damage Reduction: The Town of Ocean Isle
Beach supports all coastal storm damage reduction programs, including the use of
terminal groins and sandbag revetment. Such activities must be done in an
environmentally sensitive fashion and with respect to impacts on surrounding
properties.
Recommended Action 3.2.A.10.a: Town officials will continue to lobby
federal, state, and county officials to provide financial support for coastal
storm damage reduction activities.
Recommended Action 3.2.A.10.b: The Town will develop a strategy for
sustainable, long-term sources for funding ongoing coastal storm damage
reduction in the event that federal or state funding for coastal storm damage
reduction projects is reduced.
Policy 3.2.A.11: 30-Year Beach Management Plan: The Town supports the
findings of the 2015 Ocean Isle Beach 30-Year Beach Management Plan.
Recommended Action 3.2.A.4.a: The Town will implement the
recommendations of the island -wide management program outlined in the
2015 30-Year Beach management Plan.
Recommended Action 3.2.A.4.b: The Town will initiate efforts to complete
the required environmental documents necessary for the receipt of permits
for construction of projects identified within the 30-Year Beach management
Plan.
Policy 3.2.A.12: Spoil Sites: Ocean Isle Beach will continue to provide direct
assistance to the US Army Corps of Engineers by helping obtain or provide spoil
sites for coastal storm damage reduction projects. Ocean Isle Beach is generally
supportive of keeping new development out of designated spoil sites; however, the
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Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis
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Town believes that existing structures in the original spoil easement areas should be
recognized and protected.
Policy 3.2.A.13: Bulldozing: The Town shall continue to enforce its ordinance on
the prohibition of beach bulldozing with the exception of the following
circumstances:
When such work is performed as a part of a hurricane or erosion protection
project or beach nourishment project sponsored by the town or any local,
state or federal governmental agency;
When such work is performed at the direction of the town for the purpose of
beach maintenance;
■ When such work is performed by any nongovernmental person or entity to
protect primary structures (not including walkways to the ocean beach,
swimming pools, or accessory use structures), that are imminently
threatened as a result of severe erosion of the ocean beaches or the sand
dune structure, but only upon receipt of a permit for such work from the
local CAMA permitting officer after a finding by such officer that the structure
is imminently threatened ("imminently threatened" means that the
foundation of the structure is less than 20 feet from the tow of the erosion
scarp and/or the sewer system is exposed); or
■ When such work is authorized by the board of commissioners following a
natural disaster or other extreme weather event. The property owner shall
file an application with the town setting forth the reasons why this action is
necessary to protect the property of the owner or is in the public interests. In
the event that the board authorizes the requested action, the board may
place any conditions or requirements upon the authorization that it deems to
be in the best interest of the town and public.
Policy 3.2.A.14: Emergency Response Plan: The Town shall update its Emergency
Response Plan yearly in concert with county and state emergency management
officials, and with input from Town residents. The plan shall encompass pre -storm
and immediate post storm activities and policies of the Town. Issues addressed in
the Hurricane Management Plan include:
■ Criteria for issuing building permits in a post storm setting
■ Orderly issuance of building permits in a post -storm setting
■ Sequence of restoration for public utilities and services
■ Public infrastructure repair and replacement
■ Beach re-entry
■ Debris pick-up
■ Damage assessment
■ Evacuation procedures
■ Recovery Task Force membership and duties
■ Public health and safety issues
3-25

Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Policy 3.2.A.15: Evacuation Shelters: In conjunction with the Brunswick County
Emergency Management Department, the Town will ensure that all evacuation
shelters are well -publicized, accessible, and meet national standards for public
safety and supplies.
Policy 3.2.A.16: Public Education: Ensure that the public is aware of the risks of
different types of natural hazards in order to reduce their personal exposure to
natural hazards.
Recommended Action 3.2.A.16.a: The Planning and Building Inspections
Department shall implement a public education program designed to help
inform the public about their exposure to natural hazards and actions they
can take to mitigate potential damage to public health, safety, and property
from natural disasters. This includes, but is not limited to:
■ Ensure the local library maintains documents about flood insurance,
flood protection, floodplain management, and natural and beneficial
functions of floodplains. Many documents are available free of charge
from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA);
■ Encourage builders, developers and architects to become familiar with
the NFIP's land use and building standards;
■ Provide local real estate agents with handouts advising potential buyers
to investigate potential flood hazards for the property they are
considering purchasing;
■ Advertise the availability of flood insurance on an annual basis; and,
■ Post hazard related information on the Town's website and distribute
appropriate educational materials.
Objective 3.2.13: Post -Storm Recovery: In the period following a hurricane, severe
weather event, or other disaster, the Town will work as quickly as possible to restore
essential services related to public health, safety and welfare.
Policy 3.2.13.1: Municipal Emergency Center: The Town supports the concept of
an off -island emergency Town center to assist during the recovery process
associated with natural disasters.
Recommended Action 3.2.13.1.a: The Town has purchased land for the
construction of a new Town Hall on the mainland. It should be designed in a
manner that allows it to be used as an emergency Town center in the event
that the Island has to be evacuated.
Policy 3.2.13.2: Redevelopment of Developed Areas: It is the policy of the Town
to allow redevelopment of previously developed areas including the relocation of
endangered structures. It is the Town's policy that density allowances for
redevelopment areas conform to existing Town building and zoning requirements.
3-26

Chapter 3: Natural Systems Analysis
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Policy 3.2.B.3: Mutual Aid: The Town shall maintain established mutual aide
agreements and where necessary develop new agreements to assist with post -storm
event clean-up, damage assessment, and reconstruction activities.
Policy 3.2.B.4: Staging Schedule for Reconstruction and Repair: The staging
schedule for the re-establishment of essential services and the reconstruction and
repair of properties damaged in a storm event depends on the severity of the storm
and the damage inflicted. The Town will work to restore essential services related
to public health, safety and welfare first. Properties suffering minor damage will be
issued permits as expeditiously as possible. Properties suffering major damage will
generally be allowed to implement temporary protective measures designed to
protect their property from further damage or to correct public safety problems.
Policy 3.2.B.5: Building Permits: The Town shall issue building permits as
expeditiously as possible to property owners who have received minor damage
after storm events. If a structure is damaged more than 50% of the value of the
structure, the property owner will have to rebuild or modify the structure to meet
current ordinances and building standards.
Policy 3.2.B.6: Public Infrastructure Repair and Replacement: The Town shall
maintain assessments of current infrastructure usage and need for expansion,
repair, or replacement. Following major storm events, the Town will work with all
applicable agencies to assess damage to public infrastructure at the earliest possible
time. Damage that affects public health and safety will be corrected as soon as
practicable. Damage to existing infrastructure will also be evaluated for potential
opportunities for repair or expansion consistent with existing capital improvement
and repair needs. Long term repair or replacement of infrastructure will be
prioritized based on resources available, impact on the integrity of the
infrastructure, mitigation of future hazard situations, the Town's capital
improvement program.
Policy 3.2.B.7: Electrical Outages: Reduce the frequency of electrical outages and
length of time such outages last after hurricanes and severe storm events.
Policy 3.2.B.8: Post -Storm Hazard Mitigation: Develop specific and timely
recommendations for implementing hazard mitigation measures contained in the
Southeastern NC Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan (2016) following a state or
federally declared natural disaster.
Recommended Action 3.2.B.8.a: In the event that the President declares
Ocean Isle Beach a disaster area, the Planning Department shall apply for
funding from the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) for priority
projects.
3-27

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Management Act (CZMA), as amended, which is administered
by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management,
National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The
Town of Ocean Isle Beach also provided funding and staff
support for the planning effort.
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National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The
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Map is to be used for general purposes
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Program, through funds provided by the 1972 Coastal Zone Map prepared by Cape Fear Council of
Management Act (CZMA), as amended, which is administered Atlantic Ocean
by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, Governments. Data sources: Brunswick Co., NC
National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The Floodmaps, NCDEQ, NCDOT, USGS.
Town of Ocean Isle Beach also provided funding and staff
support for the planning effort.
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National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The
Town of Ocean Isle Beach also provided funding and staff
support for the planning effort.
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COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS

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a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the 1972 Coastal Zone
Management Act (CZMA), as amended, which is administered
by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management,
National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The
Town of Ocean Isle Beach also provided funding and staff
support for the planning effort.
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Map is to be used for general purposes
only. Spatial data used to generate this
map was gathered from disparate
sources and represent a condition at a
fixed period in time. 100% accuracy of
spatial data to current circumstances
cannot be guaranteed. The Cape Fear
Council of Governments is not legally
responsible for the misuse of this map.
0 0.225 0.45 0.9
Miles
1 in = 0.48 miles
Map prepared by Cape Fear Council of
Governments. Data sources: Brunswick Co., NC
Floodmaps, NCDEQ, NCDOT, USGS.
(A CAPE FEAR
COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS

Chapter 4: Analysis of Community Facilities
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY FACILITIES
The CAMA planning guidelines encourage coastal communities to evaluate the location and
adequacy of community facilities that protect important environmental factors and that
attract land development in the coastal area. The facilities typically found in coastal
communities include:
• water supply systems;
• wastewater systems;
• stormwater systems;
• transportation systems;
• public access & parking facilities; and
• solid waste disposal & recycling.
This chapter provides analysis and information pertaining to each item listed above.
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM STATUS AND TRENDS
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
In Ocean Isle Beach, currently, the water supply system has 2,682 residential connections,
89 non-residential connections, and 534 irrigation connections. This is an 11% increase in
residential connections and a 49% increase in non-residential connections since 2009. The
finished storage capacity of the Town's water system is 500,000 gallons, which is a 10%
increase since 2009. The Town connected an additional 2 miles of water lines to the
distribution system since 2009. In total, there are approximately 32 miles of water lines
serving the Town, ranging in diameter from four to twelve inches (See Map 4.1).
The Town purchases water from the Brunswick County Utility Department, where the
primary water source is the Cape Fear River (Lower Cape Fear Water and Sewer
Authority). The Town's water is treated at the Northwest Water Treatment Plant
(Northwest WTP). Water supplied to the Northwest WTP is purchased from the Lower
Cape Fear Water and Sewer Authority, which pumps surface water from the King's Bluff
Reservoir, located up river from Lock and Dam No. 1 on the Cape Fear River.
In October of 2016, a break in the raw water main from the Cape Fear River (Kings Bluff
Raw Water Pump Station) that serves the Brunswick County Utility Department - and
subsequently the Town - resulted in mandatory water restrictions and a declared State of
Emergency across the county. However, once the water main was repaired, the water
restriction was lifted. The incident has led to inquiry about establishing backup systems
and an additional raw water main running parallel to the existing main to ensure a similar
occurrence does not happen in the future. Within the corporate limits, there are no private
«i

Chapter 4: Analysis of Community Facilities
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
water systems. The Town has had no water quality issues that were a threat to public
health nor were there any violations reported in 2015 at the Northwest WTP.
WATER DEMAND
Table 4.1 displays water consumption figures for 2015. According to data obtained from
the Ocean Isle Public Utilities Department, March accounted for the lowest max water
demand at 0.37 MGD and July, the greatest, at 1.42 MGD. Potable water demand is the
highest in July and the lowest in February. For planning purposes, the Ocean Isle Beach
Public Utilities Department must account for peak day usage. In 2015, the peak day usage
occurred in July 2015, with a total flow of 1.42 MGD - approximately 79% of total capacity.
Demand for irrigation peaks in July at nearly seven million gallons or 20% of total water
consumption for the month. Over the course of 2015, irrigation demand accounted for 18%
of the Town's total water consumption. It should be noted that water utilized for irrigation
purposes is also considered potable water, but is measured by a separate meter.
Table 4.1: Water Consumption (2015)
Source: NC Division of Water Resources Town of ocean isle Reach Cane Fear Council of Governments
Potable Water
Irrigation Usage
Total Water
Avg. Daily Million
Max Daily
Month -Year
Consumption
Gallons per Day
Gallons per 1.
Usage (gallons)
(gallons)
1
1
Jan-15 6,188,370
637,630
6,826,000
0.219
0.370
Feb-15 5,448,480
639,520
6,088,000
0.218
0.397
Mar-15
6,623,870
1,000,130
7,624,000
0.246
0.367
Apr-15
10,832,879
1,121,121
11,954,000
0.398
0.664
May-15
13,557,385
5,157,615
18,715,000
0.606
1.354
Jun-15
26,407,321
5,268,679
31,676,000
1.056
1.274
Jul-15
32,399,695
6,777,305
39,177,000
1.264
1.422
Aug-15
27,258,598
6,127,402
33,386,000
0.956
1.314
Sep-15
15,057,900
3,883,100
18,941,000
0.675
1.110
Oct-15
10,223,988
3,815,012
14,039,000
0.453
0.810
Nov-15
8,755,180
1,575,820
10,331,000
0.352
0.651
Dec-15
5,366,760
1,498,240
6,865,000
0.268
0.361
Average
Usage
14,010,036
3,125,131
17,135,167
0.583
0.841
Statistics
Total
Usage
168,120,426 37,501,574
205,622,000
N/A
N/A
Statistics

Chapter 4: Analysis of Community Facilities
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
The Town is also responsible for producing a Local Water Supply Plan. The Water Supply
Plan is reviewed by the North Carolina Division of Water Resources to ensure adequate
supplies are provided to avoid shortages and to be available during emergencies (i.e. fires).
According to the 2015 Local Water Supply Plan, Ocean Isle Beach has the capacity to meet
the anticipated demand through the year 2060 for all its existing and future customers -
including residents. This calculation includes estimated population projections for seasonal
and permanent residents, but is based only on the annual average daily usage (See Table
4.2). The Water Supply Plan anticipates that by the year 2060, future water demand will
only account for 60% of the available 1.8 million gallons per day (MGD). However, it should
be noted that this estimate is based upon the annual average daily demand (0.583 MGD),
and does not account for the peak day usage. As such, it is possible that the Town will
experience capacity issues in the event that the seasonal population projections come to
fruition. In July 2015, the peak day demand equates to 71.1 gallons per capita per day (max
daily usage / seasonal population = gallons per capita per day). Assuming that gallons per
capita per day remains unchanged (71.1), a seasonal population of 35,000 will result in a
peak day demand of 2.49 MGD, which will exceed the 1.8 MGD capacity. If 2.49 MGD of
capacity are needed, it will be necessary for the Town to purchase additional water from
the County to meet demand. According to County supply plans, there is sufficient capacity
that may be purchased to meet growing demand.
Table 4.2: Projected Population and Water Demand
Source: NC Division of Water Resources - Local Water Supply Plan
2015
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
Year -Round
550*
593
686
794
918
1,062
Population*
Seasonal
20,000
29,000
35,000
35,000
35,000
35,000
Population
Total Available
Supply (MGD)
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
Total Demand
0.583
0.626
0.718
0.821
0.941
1.077
(MGD)
Demand as
Percent of
32%
35%
40%
46%
52%
60%
Supply**
* The year-round population figures are sourced from the 2015 Local Water Supply Plan and differ from
those provided by CFCOG in Chapter 2.
**The percentage provided only accounts for annual average daily usage and does not account for peak
demand.
Future capital improvement projects for the water system include placing the current
mainland water connection main beneath the ICWW. The water main is currently located
on the bridge.

Chapter 4: Analysis of Community Facilities
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
WASTEWATER SYSTEM STATUS AND TRENDS
WASTEWATER SYSTEM
The Town began operating its wastewater treatment system in 1987 - one of the first of
the Brunswick County beach communities to do so. Connection to the public sewer system
is required for all residents and businesses within the Town. The sewer system has a total
of 2,526 connections. Brunswick County and the Town of Ocean Isle Beach reached an
agreement in 2012 whereby the Town conveyed the Ocean Isle Beach Wastewater
Treatment Plant (WWTP) to the County (See Map 4.2). This facility is permitted to treat
1.33 MGD.
WASTEWATER DEMAND
In 2015, a diversion pump station and force main were constructed that allows up to 0.296
MGD to be transferred to the West Brunswick Reclamation Facility for treatment -
effectively increasing the service area capacity.
Table 4.3: Wastewater Treatment Plant Serving Ocean Isle Beach
Source: NC Division of Water Resources, OIB Public Utility Department, Brunswick Con
*An additional 0.296 MGD of capacity was added as a diversion pump station in 2015, which makes up the
permitted capacity. The instantaneous design flow rate is 2.06 MGD.
**Due to inflow from a significant October rainfall event.
Table 4.4 shows the amount of wastewater discharged per month and on average per day
for Ocean Isle Beach in 2015. In July, the average daily discharge (0.75 MGD) was 55% of
total capacity, whereas the peak day seasonal discharge occurred on July 4th at 0.93 MGD or
69% of total capacity.
In 2015, Ocean Isle Beach had a higher total wastewater discharge in the month of October
due to 22 inches of rainfall. According to the Town's Public Services Director, the monthly
discharge for October (13.77 MGD) was nearly double the typical flow. The rainfall event
also resulted in the maximum daily discharge for 2015 at 1.69 MGD. Further, as a result of
Hurricane Matthew in October 2016, the system experienced a significant increase in
wastewater flow. The total flow amount is not known, however, due to power outage at the
meters during caused by the storm event. Significant rainfall events can increase
wastewater flows due to rainwater infiltration of manholes, faulty connections, and broken
or leaky pipes.
i 1,

Chapter 4: Analysis of Community Facilities
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Table 4.4: Ocean Isle Beach Wastewater Discharge (2015)
Source: OIB Public Utility Department
Month1
January
1
4.62
Daily 1(MGD)
0.154
Percent of Total Capacity
11.32%
February
3.84
0.128
9.41%
March
4.62
0.154
11.32%
April
7.35
0.245
18.01%
May
10.8
0.360
26.47%
June
16.86
0.562
41.32%
July
23.13
0.746
54.85%
August
15.42
0.514
37.79%
September
9.87
0.329
24.19%
October
13.77
0.459
33.75%
November
5.16
0.172
12.65%
December
4.23
0.141
10.37%
Average
Usage
Statistics
9.97
0.33
24.29%
Currently there are no plans for expansion of the OIB WWTP as wastewater may be
diverted from that plant to five other locations, which serves to increase the capacity of the
system serving the Town. In the future, the Town would like to install generators at each of
its pump stations.
TREATED WASTEWATER AS A RESOURCE
The Sea Trail WWTP, Ocean Isle WWTP, and the West Brunswick Regional WWTP are non -
discharge plants. Historically, once treated wastewater leaves a wastewater treatment
plant it is discharged into a stream or river. Brunswick County's older WWTPs do operate
this way, but all newer WWTPs have been permitted as non -discharge facilities. Rather
than discharging treated wastewater to a stream or river, a non -discharge WWTP uses the
highly treated wastewater for large-scale irrigation. The highly treated wastewater is
termed "Reuse Water." Brunswick County operates over 25 miles of reuse force mains that
supply reuse water for irrigation to eleven golf courses and 1,040 acres of dedicated tree
farms and turf farms at four different locations. Using reuse water for irrigation has several
advantages. One major advantage is that reuse water replaces potable water from the
County's water system that would have been used for irrigation. This reduces the peak
loading on the water system. Additionally, using reuse water for irrigation allows golf
courses to reduce the amount of fertilizer spread on the golf course.
4-5

Chapter 4: Analysis of Community Facilities
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
STORMWATER SYSTEM
The Town's stormwater ordinance became effective November 14, 2000. The stormwater
ordinance was adopted to administer and enforce stormwater quantity and quality, and to
create public education programs for Town citizens. Stormwater infrastructure is located
primarily on the island (See Map 4.3).
All new developments, regardless of size, are subject to the Town's Stormwater
Management Ordinance. The ordinance also requires new developments to sign a
maintenance agreement for their stormwater systems, prior to receiving a Certificate of
Occupancy for the site.
Three types of stormwater systems exist within the Town of Ocean Isle Beach: the Town
owned systems; systems owned and operated by the NC Department of Transportation
(DOT); and private systems. Private owners are required to have an engineered
stormwater system designed to capture the first 1.5 inches of rainfall. The Town -owned
stormwater system is a combination of catch basins piped to outfalls, swales and ditches,
and catch basins tied to underdrain systems.
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
The Odell Williamson Bridge across the ICWW is the only means of ingress and egress to
the Town of Ocean Isle Beach from the mainland. The two-lane bridge connects to a three -
lane road (NC 904) that intersects with First Street. First Street is the major thoroughfare
that runs from the west end to the east end of the beach. The road system is displayed
graphically on Map 4.4. In 2007/2008, the Town installed a roundabout at the intersection
of Causeway Drive and East First Street that improved traffic flow, while another
roundabout is slated for installation at the intersection of Beach Drive and Ocean Isle Beach
Road. Work on the roundabout is tentatively scheduled for completion in late 2017/early
2018.
The Odell Williamson Bridge on NC 904 is operated and maintained by the North Carolina
Department of Transportation (NCDOT). Based upon information provided by the NCDOT
Bridge Maintenance Unit, the Odell Williamson Bridge was constructed of pre -stressed
concrete in 1984. The bridge was designed for seven percent of traffic to be trucks and for a
maximum of SO -mph speeds. After the first year the bridge was complete (1985), the
annual average daily traffic (AADT) was 2,500 vehicles. The design year set at 2005 had an
estimated AADT of 5,000 vehicles; however, the 2004 AADT was 16,000 vehicles. It seems
that the bridge designer has underestimated the amount of traffic that the Odell Williamson
Bridge would receive. Although the design year AADT is set 20 years from the construction
date, the design life for the bridge project is typically 50 years or more.
The DOT Bridge Maintenance Unit inspects the bridge every two years; most recent
inspection was conducted in 2015. Currently, there are no scheduled bridge repairs or
Eve

Chapter 4: Analysis of Community Facilities
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
improvements. During periods of severe weather with sustained winds of 50-mph or
greater, the bridge is closed to traffic, and entry or exit to the Island is prohibited.
TRAFFIC COUNTS
The annual traffic count used for planning purposes is called the Annual Average Daily
Traffic Count (AADT). The AADT is the number of vehicles passing in both directions over a
single point on a roadway over the course of a year divided by the 365 days in a year. For
example, if 50,000 vehicles pass a single point on the road in a year, the AADT is 137
vehicles per day (50,000 / 365 = 137). It must be noted that these annual traffic counts are
averages, and certain peak season days may produce traffic counts well in excess of the
AADT count. Seasonal traffic counts are of particular concern in Ocean Isle Beach. However,
in 2008, the NCDOT Traffic Survey Group suspended standalone seasonal traffic counts. As
a result, only AADT counts are available. Peak volumes are included in the AADT, but are
not available separately for comparison purposes.
To evaluate transportation and roadway deficiencies, the AADT are typically compared to a
road's design capacity. Traffic on key segments of various roadways is counted and
calculated annually and compared to a standard road design capacity based on that
roadway's individual type. For example, a two-lane roadway has a different design capacity
than a roadway that has two -lanes with a center turn lane.
In Ocean Isle Beach, the highest AADT counts are found on Beach Drive (NC 179 BUS), Brick
Landing Road (SR 1143/NC 179) and Ocean Isle Beach Road (SR 1184) (See Map 4.4 for
more information).
None of the roadways within Ocean Isle Beach have an AADT which exceeds the current
capacity. However, if accounting for seasonal increases in population and traffic, then both
Beach Road and Ocean Isle Beach Road may exceed capacity or approach it during the
summer months. It should be noted that NCDOT designs roadways for AADT, not peak
traffic counts.
2035 LONG RANGE TRANSPORTATION PLAN
In 2012, Ocean Isle Beach became a member of the Grand Strand Area Transportation
Study (GSATS). The 2010 Census reported continued growth for the area and, for the first
time, the Myrtle Beach UZA (renamed the Myrtle Beach-Socastee SC/NC Urbanized Area)
extended into the southern portions of Brunswick County. As a result, in 2012, Ocean Isle
Beach became a member of GSATS. NCDOT, South Carolina Department of Transportation
(SCDOT), Brunswick County, and the Towns of Calabash, Carolina Shores, Holden Beach,
Ocean Isle Beach, Shallotte, Sunset Beach and Varnamtown have all entered into a
memorandum of understanding with GSATS to create a bi-state Metropolitan Planning
Organization (MPO). GSATS is responsible for the development of the area's Long Range
Transportation Plan (LRTP) and the identification and ranking of projects for funding
4-7

Chapter 4: Analysis of Community Facilities
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
through an adopted Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). The North Carolina
portion of the GSATS Study Area extends from the South Carolina state line northward to
the Lockwood Folly River and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to just beyond US 17 to
include the Town of Shallotte.
The development of the GSATS LRTP coincides with and complements NCDOT's
prioritization process. The Strategic Transportation Investments (STI) law created a
process to determine how NCDOT, in partnership with local governments, will fund and
prioritize transportation projects in the state of North Carolina. Under STI, all modes
compete for the same funding. This means that roadway projects compete with ferry
projects which will compete with public transportation projects, bicycle/pedestrian,
aviation, and rail.
The Strategic Prioritization Office of Transportation (SPOT) develops quantitative scores
for all projects. Only the highest scoring projects are selected to be included in the NCDOT
Statewide Transportation Improvement Plan (STIP). The STIP, which identifies the
transportation projects that will receive funding during a 10-year period, is a state and
federal requirement. Federal law requires it to be updated at least every four years.
NCDOT, however, updates it every two years. Ocean Isle Beach has no projects included in
the the 2018-2027 STIP draft. However, several projects are identified in the GSATS 2035
Long Range Transportation Plan. Those projects are described in Table 4.5.
Table 4.5: Ocean Isle Beach GSATS 2035 Long Range Transportation Plan Projects
Source: GSATS LRTP
Roadway
Description
NC 179 BUS: Widen to a
multi -lane facility from
Widen to 4-Lane
Beach Dr.
Ocean Isle Beach Road
OceanIle Be d
W/Median &
$16,556,948
(n
to the
Multipurpose Path
904 (Seaside Road), and
multipurpose path.
New Bridge from Brick
NEW (Brick Landing
Landing Road (SR 1143)
New Bridge
$38,211,948
Rd.)
to Shallotte Blvd (SR
1202).
Ocean Isle Beach Road
(SR 1184): Widen to a
Widen to 4-Lane
Ocean Isle Beach Rd.
multi -lane facility from
W/Median
$21,484,954
US 17 to NC 179 (Beach
Drive).
Pedestrian bridge
adjacent to the Odell
Ocean Isle Beach
Williamson Bridge (NC
Bridge
$9,500,000
Pedestrian Bridge
904) across the
Intracoastal Waterway
in Ocean Isle Beach

Chapter 4: Analysis of Community Facilities
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
NON -MOTORIZED TRANSPORTATION
Non -motorized transportation is increasingly important nationwide and particularly for
tourist destinations such as Ocean Isle Beach. Non -motorized transportation refers to
alternative travel choices such as cycling or walking. While non -motorized transportation
is often considered a leisure travel mode, it can also be utilized to travel from point A to B
for utilitarian purposes. In the past, residents have expressed interest in expanding options
for cycling and pedestrian travel in the Town. In 2014, Ocean Isle Beach adopted a
Comprehensive Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan. The planning process began with a
Kick -Off Meeting on February 5, 2014 and continued throughout the year. The Kick -Off
meeting was the first of four project Steering Committee meetings. Through this plan,
Ocean Isle Beach hopes to increase pedestrian and bicyclist safety, foster better access to
community destinations, create opportunities for active and healthy lifestyles and enhance
the quality of life in Ocean Isle Beach.
Table 4.6: Top 5 Bicycle & Pedestrian Master Plan Projects
Source: Ocean Isle Beach Bicycle & Pedestrian Plan
Street
Start/End
Crossing
Length
Length
Priority
Ranking
Name
PointGeneral
West 1st
Beaufort to
Multi -Use
1
Driftwood
5,816
1.10
North
Street
Causeway
Trail/Sidepath
East 1st
Causeway to
Multi -Use
2
Leland
5,531
1.050
North
Street
Leland
Trail Side ath
West 2nd
West End to
Multi -Use
3
_
5,383
1.02
North
Street
Beaufort
Trail Side ath
Leland to
East 1st
Multi -Use
4
Winston-
Winnabow
4,944
0.94
North
Street
Trail/Sidepath
Salem
West 2nd
Beaufort to
Multi -Use
5
_
1,421
0.27
North
Street
Driftwood
Trail Side ath
The table above illustrates the top five priority projects for Ocean Isle Beach's Bicycle and
Pedestrian Plan. Project ranking began with making a list of all of the network
recommendations proposed in the plan. The segments were then broken down at logical
points, such as at major crossings and at connections to existing facilities. In 2015, the
Town initiated a process to construct a multi -use path on the island; however, the project
has since been shelved. Due to right-of-way concerns, the Town is pursuing options for the
installation of on -street bicycle lanes in favor of the more costly multi -use path. The Town
hopes to further educate citizens on the benefits of non -motorized transportation in the
hopes of constructing future facilities.
PUBLIC ACCESS FACILITIES
The Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) considers public access facilities to be one of the
key components of a coastal community's infrastructure. This section of the Land Use Plan

Chapter 4: Analysis of Community Facilities
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
inventories public access facilities and identifies potential public access sights, so that the
Town may discuss and establish policies and objectives to further the goal of maximizing
and maintaining public access.
EXISTING PUBLICACCESS SITES & PARKING FACILITIES
There are 29 existing public access sites along the approximately 4 miles of oceanfront
beach in the Town Limits equating to one access site every 782 feet. There are five regional
beach access sites on the island, including (1 & 2) either side of the Ocean Isle Beach's Pier;
(3) Ferry Landing Park; (4)Beaufort Street; and (5) the Community Center. Regional sites
are designated by having 2 5 + parking spaces and having additional facilities like
restrooms, picnic tables and showers. The remaining public access sites on the island are
considered local sites used primarily as dune crossovers. Of the remaining public access
sites, half of them have parking spaces. See Table 4.7 and Map 4.5 for more information.
There are two formally -designated public access sites on the Intracoastal Waterway side of
the Island. One public access site is a boat ramp located under the Intracoastal Waterway
Bridge. The other public access site is a kayak ramp located at Ferry Landing Park on the
north end of the island.
FA 5

Chapter 4: Analysis of Community Facilities
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Table 4.7 Public Beach Access Locations & Parking Spaces
Source: Town of Ocean Isle Beach
Location VWHandicap Accessibility
Fourth St.
CAMA
Access
X
Parking Spaces
Columbia St.
Ferry Landing Park
Handicap
X
35
Shallotte Blvd
61
Durham St.
Handicap
X
Lumberton St.
X
High Point St.
X
391 E. First St.
X
Greensboro St.
Emergency
X
Winnabow St.
X
25
Chadbourn St.
X
25
Goldsboro St.
X
21
Leland St.
X
25
Raeford St.
Handicap/Full Wheelchair
X
18 + 12 Golf Cart
Newport St.
X
24
Concord St.
X
25
Monroe St.
Handicap/Full Wheelchair
X
33
Pier & Breakers
Emergency Access
X
Pier #1
100 (paid)
Pier #2
100 aid
Oxford St.
X
Shelby St.
X
Summerplace
X
14
Duneside Dr.
X
Isle Plaza
X
Driftwood Dr.
Handicap
X
Starboard St.
Emergency Access
X
Beaufort St.
Handicap/Full Wheelchair
X
31
Sandcastles
X
Oceanside West II
X
Total
537
With increasing numbers of visitors, there is a high demand for public parking spaces
during the summer months. Table 4.7 also illustrates the amount of parking spaces
available to the public. The Town of Ocean Isle Beach currently has a total of 537 parking
spaces to accommodate visitors.
4-11

Chapter 4: Analysis of Community Facilities Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL & RECYCLING
The Town of Ocean Isle Beach makes every feasible effort to minimize the generation of
waste, to recycle waste for which viable markets exist and to use recycled materials when
applicable. The Town contracts with Waste Industries Inc. for solid waste disposal and
curbside recycling.
All construction and demolition (C&D) materials are taken to the Brunswick County and
Sampson County landfills. Debris pick-up is also provided by the Town and taken to a
private facility.
An

Chapter 4: Analysis of Community Facilities Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND POLICIES
INTRODUCTION
The Town has established a set of land use and development related policies to act as
guidelines during any official decision making process. These policies and goals provide
citizens, property owners, and developers with a predictability of official actions. Town
policies in this chapter relate to infrastructure and community facilities. Two CAMA
management topics are covered in the policy section herein: Infrastructure Carrying
Capacity and Public Access and Recreation.
It should be noted that these topic areas are developed as part of the Division of Coastal
Management's 7B Land Use Planning Guidelines.
Refer to Appendix A for Definitions of actions words contained within the policy section.
INFRASTRUCTURE CARRYING CAPACITY
Goal 4.1: To ensure that public infrastructure systems are appropriately sized, located and
managed so the quality and productivity of the Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC) and
other fragile areas are protected and restored.
Objective 4.1.A: Ensure that the location and capacity of public infrastructure is consistent
with the Town's growth and development goals.
Policy 4.1.A.1: Local Commitment to Providing Services to Development: It is
the policy of the Town that developers/owners share in the financial responsibility
of providing basic utility services such as water and sewer.
Policy 4.1.A.2: Operation of Water and Wastewater Facilities: The Town shall
ensure efficient uninterrupted operation of water and wastewater facilities for
Town residents.
Recommended Action 4.1.A.2.a: The Town will continue to work closely
with Brunswick County to ensure that there is adequate sewage treatment
capacity to serve year round and seasonal populations within the
incorporated area of Ocean Isle Beach.
Recommended Action 4.1.A.3.a: Town officials will consider providing
hurricane floats and generator sockets at all pump stations to discourage
service loss in the event of power outage.
FA 5

Chapter 4: Analysis of Community Facilities
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Policy 4.1.A.3: Maintaining Drinking Water Supplies: The Town will consider
modifying its water purchase agreement with the Brunswick County Utility
Department in the five to ten years to meet estimated growing demand.
Policy 4.1.A.4: Soils and Septic Tank Suitability: Growth and development will
not be permitted in the ETJ where septic tanks will not function and where sewer
service is not available. All septic tanks must be in compliance with State Health
Regulations as administered by the Brunswick County Health Department.
Policy 4.1.A.5: Maintaining Adequate Fire Protection: The Town will work with
the Brunswick County Utility Department to ensure that adequate water pressure is
available to meet fire suppression as needed to keep pace with the demands of the
growing seasonal population.
Policy 4.1.A.6: Bridge and Road Improvements: The Town supports state and
federal bridge and road improvement programs. The addition of a second bridge
from the mainland to the Island will help alleviate traffic congestion associated with
a growing seasonal population.
Recommended Action 4.1.A.6.a: Town officials will continue to work with
NCDOT and GSATS to help improve traffic conditions both on the island and
in surrounding areas as a result of a growing seasonal population, and
growing population on the mainland in areas near Ocean Isle Beach.
Recommended Action 4.1.A.6.b: Town officials will work diligently with
developers and NCDOT to incorporate transportation improvements into
new commercial and residential development projects.
Recommended Action 4.1.A.6.c: Town officials will continue to support the
following projects identified in the GSATS 2035 Long Range Transportation
Plan:
Roadway Description Improvement
NC 179 BUS: Widen to a multi -lane Widen to 4-Lane
Beach Dr. facility from Ocean Isle Beach Road W/Median &
SW (SR 1184) to the NC 904 (Seaside Multipurpose Path
Road), and multipurpose path.
NEW (Brick Landing New Bridge from Brick Landing Road New Bridge
Rd.] fSR 11431 to Shallotte Blvd fSR 12021.
Ocean Isle Beach Road (SR 1184): Widen to 4-Lane
Ocean Isle Beach Rd. Widen to a multi -lane facility from US W/Median
17 to NC 179 (Beach Drive).
Pedestrian bridge adjacent to the
Ocean Isle Beach Odell Williamson Bridge (NC 904)
Pedestrian Bridge across the Bridge
Intracoastal Waterway in Ocean Isle
Beach
"

Chapter 4: Analysis of Community Facilities
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Policy 4.1.A.7: Golf Carts: The Town supports the use of street legal golf carts as a
functional means of reducing automobile traffic and parking demands at the beach.
Policy 4.1.A.B: Pedestrian and Bicycle Access: The Town encourages pedestrian
and bicycle access along the Island to help alleviate traffic problems and improve
public access to the shoreline.
Recommended Action 4.1.A.B.a: The Town will pursue federal and state
grant opportunities to construct sidewalks, walkways, and bike lanes at
strategic locations on the Island.
Recommended Action 4.1.A.B.b.: The Town shall consider partnering with
Brunswick County to implement the recommendations of the county's 2016
Greenway and Blueway Plan.
Policy 4.1.A.9: Bicycle & Pedestrian Plan: The Town supports the 2014 Bicycle
and Pedestrian Plan.
Recommended Action 4.1.A.9.a: Town officials will continue to implement
recommendations outlined in the Bicycle and Pedestrian Plan. The Town will
prioritize the installation of on -street bicycle lanes in favor of off-street
facilities.
Policy 4.1.A.10: Maintenance of Central Sewer System: The Town shall maintain
the ordinance which requires that all new development or redevelopment tie into
the centralized sewer system within town limits.
Policy 4.1.A.11: Rezoning Analysis: The Town shall conduct an analysis of
infrastructure before rezoning parcels to allow for more intensive development or
changing development standards to allow for higher densities and intensities. This
analysis shall determine if existing infrastructure can provide adequate service to
the Town as a whole in light of the proposed re -zonings or development standard
changes. The infrastructure analysis shall review water and sewer capacity, fire flow
capacity, public access and other infrastructure demands related to future
development.
PUBLIC ACCESS AND RECREATION
Goal 4.2: Maximize public access to the beaches and public trust waters of the Town of
Ocean Isle Beach and maximize recreational opportunities for residents and visitors.
Objective 4.2.A: Access for All Segments of the Community: Implement policies and
recommendations that assure satisfactory access to all segments of the community
including persons with disabilities.
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Chapter 4: Analysis of Community Facilities
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Policy 4.2.A.1: Existing Public Access Facilities: Ocean Isle Beach will continue to
support public access to the oceanfront and other waterways by seeking State and
or Federal financial assistance to improve existing access facilities.
Recommended Action 4.2.A.1.a: When making improvements to existing
public access facilities, the following are considered to be priorities for
improvements:
• Improving handicapped access at existing public access sites;
• Add additional amenities such as showers and foot washes to one or
more public access sites at the eastern and western ends of the Island;
• Work with the state to ensure the boat ramp continues to operate in an
acceptable fashion and is maintained appropriately; and,
• Where practicable, increase public parking near existing public access
sites.
Policy 4.2.A.2: Expand Public Access Facilities: Ocean Isle Beach will continue to
work towards increasing public access to the Ocean and the Intracoastal Waterway
by seeking State and or Federal financial assistance to develop new access facilities.
Recommended Action 4.2.A.2.a: The following are considered to be
priorities for new public access facilities:
• Identify additional locations along the ICWW that could be developed to
improve public access.
• Identify additional boat dock facilities, including options for day docks
and transient public boat dock facilities.
Policy 4.2.A.3: Parking at Public Access Sites: Ocean Isle Beach will continue to
look for opportunities to increase the public parking associated with public access
sites on the Island.
Recommended Action 4.2.A.3.a: The Town will continue to examine
whether there are any other locations where a change in the traffic flow from
two-way to one-way traffic can be used to increase parking for beach access.
Recommended Action 4.2.A.3.b: The Town shall identify Town owned
property that may provide suitable access to the ICWW, mark these sites, and
develop plans to improve these sites when practicable.
Recommended Action 4.2.A.3.c: The Town will study several
parking/right-of-way locations and prepare conceptual layouts that may
allow for additional parking spaces.
Policy 4.2.A.4: Marinas and private boat slips: The Town generally supports the
development of marinas and private boat slips within Ocean Isle Beach and the ETJ.
I

Chapter 4: Analysis of Community Facilities Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Policy 4.2.A.S: Dry Stack Storage Facilities: The Town generally supports the
development of dry stack storage facilities within the ETJ.
Policy 4.2.A.6: Dune Protection: Public pedestrian access is limited to designated
dune crossover areas in order to minimize damage to dunes and vegetation.
Walking on dunes or acting in any manner that causes damage to dunes and
vegetation is against state and local ordinances and is subject to fines. The Town,
through its CAMA minor permit program, may allow the construction of private
dune walkover structures to protect the dunes at private access points.
Policy 4.2.A.7: Supporting Federal and State Programs to Expand Access: The
Town is committed to county, state, and federal programs that maximize public
access to the beaches and public trust waters of the Town of Ocean Isle Beach. The
programs include, but are not limited to, the Coastal Area Management Act, the
North Carolina Public Beach and Waterfront Access Program, Federal channel
maintenance and inlet projects and beach renourishment projects.
Objective 4.2.B: Reduce User Conflicts: Reduce user conflicts in the public trust waters of
Ocean Isle Beach.
Policy 4.2.B.1: Floating Homes: The Town prohibits living aboard boats and
floating homes, is supporting of the State's policies on floating structures, and
believes that floating homes should not be allowed within the Town's Public Trust
Areas.
Policy 4.2.B.2: Off Road Vehicles: Off road vehicles (with the exception of Town or
Emergency vehicles) are not allowed outside public rights of way and private drives
at Ocean Isle Beach.
Policy 4.2.B.3: Safe Boating: The Town shall seek to increase public awareness of
safe boating rules.
Policy 4.2.B.4: Operation of Jet Skis and Personal Watercraft: The Town shall
seek to ensure the responsible use of jet Ski's and other similar personal watercraft
in the public trust waters of Ocean Isle Beach.
Objective 4.2.C: Maintaining Navigation Channels: Prevent uses that would directly or
indirectly impair or block existing navigational channels.
Policy 4.2.C.1: Upland Excavation for Marina Basins: The Town of Ocean Isle
Beach supports upland excavation for marina basins.
Policy 4.2.C.2: Maintenance of Navigation Channels: Ocean Isle Beach supports
the proper maintenance of channels and canals, particularly the Intracoastal
Waterway due to the impact of this channel on commercial and recreational
4-17

Chapter 4: Analysis of Community Facilities
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
fisheries and general boating. The Town will continue to support the special tax
district for dredging and maintenance of concrete canals.
Policy 4.2.C.3: Blocking or Impairing Navigational Channels: Projects that would
directly or indirectly block or impair existing navigational channels shall be
prohibited. This includes but is not limited to projects that deposit spoils below
mean high water, extend piers beyond the established pier head line or any projects
determined to be detrimental to navigation of the public trust waters.
Objective 4.2.D: Recreation Access for Residents and Visitors: Provide a quality
recreation experience to both residents and visitors alike.
Policy 4.2.D.1: Parks and Recreational Facilities: The Town supports the
development, maintenance, and enhancement of its parks and recreational facilities
for the benefit of residents and visitors alike.
Recommended Action 4.2.D.1.a: The Town shall continue to promote the
use of the community center and consider options for relocation to more
expansive sites/facilities as necessary.
I

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COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS

COLUMBUS CO
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The preparation of this document was financed, in part, through
a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the 1972 Coastal Zone
Management Act (CZMA), as amended, which is administered
by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management,
National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The
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Map prepared by Cape Fear Council of Governments.
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N,A CAPE FEAR
Ty COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS

Chapter 5: Land Use and Growth Management Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 CAMA Land Use Plan
CHAPTER S: LAND USE AND GROWTH MANAGEMENT
This chapter outlines existing development patterns in the Town of Ocean Isle Beach
planning jurisdiction and further classifies what is on the ground today. In addition, the
chapter provides a brief build -out analysis and delineation of available vacant land on the
island and mainland. To conclude, the future land use map and narrative outline desired
growth patterns and guidance for land use decisions over the next ten to twenty years.
Goals, policies, and recommended actions are provided relating to land use and
development at the end of the chapter.
EXISTING LAND USE ANALYSIS
This section provides the local elected officials, appointed boards, citizens, and local
planning staff with an overall 'picture' of the existing land use patterns in the planning
jurisdiction. An assessment of these patterns, and the identification of available areas for
development, can help forecasting where, what type, and how much development may
occur in the future.
This section will also assist in identifying current and potential land use conflicts, such as
residential uses in close proximity to environmentally sensitive areas or intense
commercial areas. In addition, vacant land where new development is expected and areas
where in -fill or redevelopment is feasible and/or desirable will be identified. The
information in this section will also assist in establishing the Town's Future Land Use Map.
SOURCE OF EXISTING LAND USE ANALYSIS AND MAP
The Existing Land Use Map (Map 5.1) and tables were created by the Cape Fear Council of
Governments using Brunswick County Tax Records updated on November 2016, full -color
orthophotos (map quality aerial photos) taken in 2015, and a review of a land use survey
conducted by Grand Strand Transportation Area Study (GSATS). A review of the previous
land use plan also provided data and support for the existing land use analysis.
LAND USES IDENTIFIED IN THE PLANNING JURISDICTION
The existing land uses in the planning jurisdiction include:
• Residential
1. Single -Family (Two-family included)
2. Multi -Family (3 or more dwelling units attached)
Commercial
1. Retail shops/stores (including grocery stores, pharmacies, etc.)
2. Offices/Professional services (including medical, etc.)
3. Entertainment (including pier, etc.)
4. Convenience stores
5-1

Chapter 5: Land Use and Growth Management Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 CAMA Land Use Plan
S. Restaurants (all food service)
6. Hotel/motel
• Airport
• Cemetery
• Church
• Recreational (park, golf course, clubhouse and/or common area)
• Public/Semi-Public (state, federal or local government owned)
• Vacant (undeveloped land)
• Utilities
• Marsh/Spoil (areas where development of the parcel is unlikely due to
environmental constraints)
• Unbuildable (land subject to coastal erosion)
EXISTING LAND USE IN THE PLANNING JURISDICTION
Table 5.1 re -caps the land, water, and size characteristics of the planning jurisdiction and
shows that approximately 2,820 acres in the entire planning jurisdiction (Corporate Limits
and ETJ) are "above the mean high water (MHW) line", meaning it is generally dry land and
not inundated during high tide.
A description of the vacant land by zoning jurisdiction is provided later in the chapter. An
estimation of potential development by vacant zoning jurisdiction can provide an
indication of future growth potential.
Table 5.1: Planning Jurisdiction Characteristics
Source: Cape Fear Council of Governments GIS, Brunswick County Tax Records
(Limits and ETJ)
Total Corporate Limits
AcreageArea (Approximations)
2,640
"Land Above Mean High Water"
1,570(60%)
"Water/Marsh/Spoil"
1,070 (40%)
Total ETJ
1,750
"Land Above Mean High Water"
1,250 (70%)
"Water/Marsh/Spoil"
500 (12%)
Total Planning Jurisdiction
4,390
The Existing Land Use Table (Table 5.2) provides a breakdown of the planning jurisdiction
by each particular land use category. The land use classifications are summarized by the
total number of parcels and respective acreage found on the island and the mainland. The
existing land use categories are also classified throughout the entire planning jurisdiction.
See Map 5.1 for more information.
5-2

Chapter 5: Land Use and Growth Management Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 CAMA Land Use Plan
Table 5.2: Existing Land Use in the Planning Jurisdiction
Source: Ca a Fear Council of Governments GIS, Brunswick County Tax Records, GSATS Land Use Survey
Land Use
Typeby
Area
Island Parcels
Mainland
Parcels
IWPO
Planning Jurisdiction
(Mainland & Island)
Parcel Percent
Parcel
PercentParcel
Percent
Acres
Acres
of
Acres
Count of Island
Count
Count
of Total
Mainland
Airport
0
0.00
0.00%
12
51.73
2.48%
12
51.73
1.52%
Cemetery
0
0.00
0.00%
1
1.00
0.05%
1
1.00
0.03%
Church
2
1.06
0.08%
0
0.00
0.00%
2
1.06
0.03%
Civic Club.
3
1.15
0.09%
1
0.76
0.04%
4
1.91
0.06%
Lodge, Hall
Commercial
65
21.30
1.63%
98
65.45
3.13%
163
86.75
2.55%
Marsh/Spoil
0
539.39
41.21%
5
37.94
1.82%
5
577.33
16.99%
Public/Semi-
6
1.22
0.09%
2
389.44
18.64%
8
390.66
11.49%
Public
Recreational
4
1.71
0.13%
5
63.53
3.04%
9
65.25
1.92%
Multi -family
67
58.60
4.48%
0
0.00
0.00%
67
58.60
1.72%
Residential
Single-family
2,511
369.26
28.21%
1,000
335.21
16.04%
3,511
704.47
20.73%
Residential
Unbuildable
323
95.13
7.27%
1
1.23
0.06%
324
96.36
2.84%
Utilities
2
0.24
0.02%
2
1.54
0.07%
4
1.78
0.05%
Vacant Land
559
219.79
16.79%
692
1,141.90
54.63%
1,251
1,361.69
40.05%
Total
3,542
11308.86
100.00%
1,819
2,089.73
100.00%
5,361
3,398.59
100.00%
*Water and right-of-way are not included in the acreage table above.
According to the existing land use analysis, vacant land accounts for the largest percentage
of land within the Ocean Isle Beach planning jurisdiction. Throughout the planning
jurisdiction there are 1,251 vacant parcels consisting of more than 1,300 acres of land.
However, the majority of the vacant land is found on the mainland, with only 219.79 acres
of vacant developable land located on the island. Single-family residential land uses
account for the greatest percentage of developed land on both the island and the mainland.
Commercial development is limited throughout the planning jurisdiction and only accounts
for 2.5% of Town's acreage.
5-3

Chapter 5: Land Use and Growth Management Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 CAMA Land Use Plan
BUILD -OUT ANALYSIS
Based on a schematic analysis of vacant land by zoning district, it is possible that within the
Town's planning jurisdiction (corporate limits & ETJ/island & mainland), an additional
9,275 dwelling units could be constructed at build -out with the Town's current regulations.
It should be noted that this calculation is based merely upon the total vacant acreage, and
with the assumption that it will be dedicated solely to residential uses. Current zoning rules
permit residential uses within all of the Town's commercial zoning districts. As such, it is
feasible that much of the commercial zoning districts will be developed for residential
purposes. As stated previously, the vast majority of developed land has been constructed
for residential purposes.
Table 5.3: Vacant Land by Zoning District
Source: Cape Fear Council of Governments GIS, Brunswick County Tax Records
Zoning District
C-1: Commercial Accommodations*
Acres
51.36
Potential Dwelling
308
C-2: Commercial Business*
13.04
89
C-2M: Commercial Causeway Mainland
45.58
373
C-3: Commercial highway district
454.74
3,728
R-1: Single-family Residential*
155.39
930
R-1M: Single-family and Two-family
Residential District Mainland
75.61
453
R-2M: Multi -family Residential District
Mainland
502.63
3,015
R-3: General Residential District
63.33
379
Total
1,361.68
9,275
*Island Zoning District.
On the island, there is approximately 220 acres of vacant land - the majority of which is
zoned primarily for single-family residential uses (R-1)(See Map 5.2). If all the vacant land
were developed for residential purposes at the maximum density allowed, then an
additional 1,327 residential units could be built. This would equate to an additional 8,625
persons - during the summer months - based upon an occupancy of 6.5 persons per unit.
When added to the current peak seasonal population (19,977), the total estimated peak
seasonal population at build -out is 28,602, which is less than the estimated year 2045 peak
seasonal population (35,702) provided in Chapter 2. Assuming there are no significant
changes to density regulations over the next thirty years, and no significant increase in
hotels/motels, then the peak seasonal population at build -out will likely be less than
30,000 persons - on the island. However, if a similar ratio or permanent to seasonal
residents continues (1 permanent to 33.46 seasonal) then changes to land use regulations
will be required to accommodate demand for residential housing.
5-4

Chapter 5: Land Use and Growth Management Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 CAMA Land Use Plan
IDENTIFICATION OF LAND USE CONFLICTS
This subsection identifies future land uses that may conflict with environmentally sensitive
areas. Identifying potential conflict with sensitive areas is done by comparing the existing
land uses identified in this Section with the natural features discussed in Chapter 3. Map 5 -
3: Potential Land Use Conflicts displays vacant lands in relation to wetlands and Areas of
Environmental Concern (AECs). As stated in Chapter 3, wetlands serve important and
useful functions. Wetlands maintain water quality by filtering pollutants and sediments,
prevent erosion and flooding from plant root systems that hold soils in place, and provide
wildlife habitat and scenic areas that increase property values and quality of life. Note:
there are no designated historic, cultural, or scenic areas in Ocean Isle Beach.
The most significant potential environmental land use conflicts exist on the mainland
where non -coastal wetlands are found on vacant land. Areas of Managed Pineland wetlands
are often found not to impose impacts to development; however, wetlands classified as
Pocosin may pose constraints due to potential designation as 404 wetlands. Portions of
vacant land just west of the Lowes shopping center displays acreage designated as Pocosin
and therefore may be environmentally constrained to future development.
On the island, there are very limited potential land use conflicts with vacant land. Vacant
lots on the eastern end of the island, and bordering the sound, may face wetland
development constraints if deemed 404 wetlands. Portions of the vacant tract of land,
north of Second/Fourth Streets, contains non -coastal wetlands classified as "Estuarine
Shrub/Scrub."
Minimal vacant lots exist within the Inlet Hazard Areas. Risks associated with inlet erosion
shall fall on the property owners of such lots and development. Further discussion
regarding development within Inlet Hazard Areas is found in Chapter 3. Vacant lots located
on the sound side or border estuarine waters will be required to provide a 30' vegetated
buffer to reduce sedimentation and stormwater flow into the adjacent coastal waters.
Note: Wetland lands discussed herein are not automatically designated 404 wetlands and
regulated by the Army Corps of Engineers. A Jurisdiction Determination is required for
such. However, if lands are designated as 404 wetlands, then costly mitigation measures
must take place for those lands to be developed.
5-5

Chapter 5: Land Use and Growth Management Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 CAMA Land Use Plan
FUTURE LAND USE
The Future Land Use Classification Map is created to provide guidance for zoning and land
use decisions. In Ocean Isle Beach, the Future Land Use Classification Map (Map 5.4) largely
resembles the Official Zoning Map and the existing land use pattern in the Town's planning
jurisdiction. This is primarily due to the minimal vacant land available and the established
pattern of growth that should remain for the foreseeable future. The map visually depicts
the Town's long range land use and development goals to be implemented by the Town.
The map is intended to show the community's planned future growth patterns in distinct
areas (i.e. the "future land use classification areas") within the Town's planning
jurisdiction. The map also shows the planned future boundaries of those respective areas
to ensure that incompatible uses or types of development do not encroach.
To be used in conjunction with the Future Land Use Classification Map are the Future Land
Use Classification Guidelines. The guidelines provide the desired land uses and
development characteristics for each respective area. While the Future Land Use
Classification Map and Guidelines establish goals and policy direction for various areas in
the Town's planning jurisdiction, it is the Town's Official Zoning Map and Zoning Ordinance
that codifies the actual development regulations within the planning jurisdiction. Where
the Future Land Use Classification Map and Guidelines differ from the Official Zoning Map
and development regulations, considerations for implementation of the tenets of this
chapter are provided.
FUTURE LAND USE CLASSIFICATION GUIDELINES
This section defines the future land use classification guidelines for Ocean Isle Beach. The
future land use classification includes seven (7) land use categories. North Carolina General
Statutes require that all rezoning decisions and ordinance amendments be reviewed for
consistency with the Town' Land Use Plan, including a statement by the Planning Board
and Board of Commissioners as to whether the amendment is or is not consistent with the
Land Use Plan.
The following narrative outlines the key desired development guidelines for each
individual future land use classification area depicted on the Future Land Use Classification
Map.
IMPLEMENTATION
To implement the guidelines outlined in this chapter, ordinance amendments should be
considered where the future land use classification description differs from the
requirements of the Zoning Ordinance. It is important to remember that the Future Land
Use Map and category descriptions are not regulatory in nature and are to be used as a tool
for revising existing development standards and guiding zoning -related decisions. The
Land Use Plan does not require that these changes be made, but rather offers guidance in
the event that there is a desire to revise development regulations.
5-6

Chapter 5: Land Use and Growth Management Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 CAMA Land Use Plan
HOW TO USE THE FUTURE LAND USE MAP AND GUIDELINES
Upon adoption of this plan, the Planning Board, Board of Commissioners, and citizens of
Ocean Isle Beach should reference this chapter in reviewing land use and development
related decisions and policy implementation. The Future Land Use Classification Map
should be amended if significant changes occur or are proposed to occur. This will aid in
consistency with changes to the Town's Official Zoning Map.
Each future land use classification (note: category is used interchangeably throughout this
chapter) contained in this chapter is described with a short narrative and supporting
development guidelines. To aid in clarity and to enhance legibility, each future land use
classification is given its own page. The color that identifies that future land use category
on the Future Land Use Classification Map is also provided on the page containing the
narrative and development guidelines.
5-7

Chapter 5: Land Use and Growth Management Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 CAMA Land Use Plan
MIXED USE
This future land use category provides access to commercial, retail, office, and limited
residential uses. These land uses are primarily accessed by the motor vehicle, particularly
along Beach Drive (NC 179). Internal circulation patterns, sidewalks, and bicycle facilities
should be considered for future development in this land use category in an effort to
encourage non -motorized travel. The preferred land use mix is primarily commercial, retail,
office, institutional, upper -story residential, and mixed residential uses. The expansion of
single-family residential development should be limited within this future land use category,
particularly along lots that have frontage on Beach Drive/NC 179. The intent of this future
land use category is to encourage a compatible mixture of uses that support permanent and
seasonal populations while reducing vehicular travel. More substantial commercial
development on larger lots is to be permitted in this future land use category.
Desired Uses:
• Commercial, Retail, Office, & Institutional
• Mixed Use
• Existing Platted Residential Uses:
o Single-family, two-family, and multi -family residential uses
• New Planned Unit Developments with limited frontage on Beach Drive/NC 179
Inappropriate Uses:
• Standalone single-family residential development not included as part of a previously
platted subdivision or Planned Unit Development
Implementation Considerations:
• Prohibition of standalone single-family residential development when not included
as part of a previously platted subdivision or Planned Unit Development
• Consideration for the Town to rezone commercial land to a residential district when
allocated for such. For example, if a new residential Planned Unit
Development/subdivision is to be approved in a commercial zoning district then the
Town should also consider rezoning such tract to a residential zoning district.
• Inclusion of Mixed Use and/or Upper Story Residential as a permitted or a special use
• Inclusion of bicycle and pedestrian facilities
• Establishment of an overlay district to enhance the appearance and aesthetics along
Beach Drive/NC 179

Chapter 5: Land Use and Growth Management Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 CAMA Land Use Plan
ISLAND COMMERCIAL
The Island Commercial future land use category is intended to support permanent and
seasonal populations inhabiting the island portion of Ocean Isle Beach. Commercial, retail,
office, and institutional development should be encouraged that will allow for pedestrian
and bicycle access. Due to high land value, parking for new construction/redevelopment may
be limited in favor of increased bicycle/pedestrian access. Sidewalk cafes, food markets, and
retail establishments that reduce travel to the mainland for necessities should be
encouraged. Entertainment related commercial uses are desired, whereas new construction
beach resorts and hotels/motels are discouraged. Locations where hotels, motels, and beach
resorts currently exist have been classified as Island Commercial on the Future Land Use
Classification Map. Adequate buffering should be applied where development within this
land use category abuts single-family residential uses.
Desired Uses:
• Commercial/Retail
• Office & Institutional
• Mixed Use
• Multi -family Residential and Two-family Residential Dwellings
• Water -based Commercial and Recreation
Inappropriate Uses:
• Industrial, manufacturing, and service establishments with open storage
• Automobile oriented uses such as gas stations or establishments with drive -through
operations
• New construction of beach resorts and hotels/motels
Implementation Considerations:
• Reduced parking standards for redevelopment/new construction
• Prohibition of commercial encroachment on existing residential neighborhoods
• Establishment of provisions for sidewalk cafes
• Inclusion of Mixed Use and/or Upper Story Residential as a permitted or special use
• Inclusion of bicycle and pedestrian facilities
• Establishment of provisions for increasing access to public trust waters
5-9

Chapter 5: Land Use and Growth Management Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 CAMA Land Use Plan
ISLAND MULTI -FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
This future land use category is located only on the island. Where existing multi -family
residential development currently exists, the land has been classified as Island Multi -Family
Residential on the future land use map. The Town should continue to allow multi -family
residential development in locations it currently exists. However, based on strong public
input concerns, expansion of multi -family development should be curtailed in favor of single-
family residential development. Accordingly, on the west end of the island, where multi-
family uses are permitted, the future land use map depicts only areas of existing multi -family
development as the desired land use pattern. Buffering and landscape material should be
utilized when multi -family residential development abuts single-family residential uses.
Desired Uses:
• Multi -family Residential uses
• Two-family Residential uses
• Single-family Residential uses
Inappropriate Uses:
• Commercial development, including hotels and motels
Implementation Considerations:
• Buffering and landscape material when Multi -family Residential uses abut lower
density residential uses
• Provisions for open space
• Inclusion of bicycle and pedestrian facilities
• Establishment of a new zoning district for Multi -family Residential uses/high density
residential uses only and/or conditional standards and supplemental regulations for
this use
• Establishment of provisions for increasing access to public trust waters
5-10

Chapter 5: Land Use and Growth Management Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 CAMA Land Use Plan
ISLAND RESIDENTIAL
On the island, the predominant land use pattern consists of single-family residential
development. Dispersed throughout the island are higher density residential uses,
particularly on the west end of the island as stated previously. The intent of this future land
use category is to protect, maintain, and encourage the continued development of single-
family residential detached dwellings for seasonal or permanent use. Infill development and
replacement of aging structures will occur within the Island Residential land use category.
Multi -family and two-family residential uses are discouraged within this land use category.
Desired Uses:
• Single-family Residential uses
Inappropriate Uses:
• Non-residential development
• Multi -family Residential uses
• Two-family Residential uses
Implementation Considerations:
Island Residential
• Preservation of existing Single-family Residential neighborhoods
• Encouragement of quality construction to mitigate potential storm damage
• Modification of the permitted uses within the island residential zoning districts to
prohibit non-residential, multi -family, and two-family residential development
• Establishment of provisions for increasing access to public trust waters
5-11

Chapter 5: Land Use and Growth Management Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 CAMA Land Use Plan
MAINLAND RESIDENTIAL
The Mainland Residential future land use category is the most substantial classification
located on the mainland. This future land use category supports single-family residential
development at varying degrees of density. The intent of this future land use category is to
preserve and protect existing single-family residential neighborhoods on the mainland. Two-
family and multi -family residential development shall not be allowed within this future land
use classification. Over time, the development of site -built housing should replace
manufactured housing in an effort to further reduce storm damage and to mitigate hazards.
Desired Uses:
• Single-family Residential uses
Mainland Residential
Inappropriate Uses:
• Non-residential development
• Multi -family Residential uses
• Two-family Residential uses
Implementation Considerations:
• Increased provisions for dedicated open space
• Establishment of standard requirements for the installation of bicycle and pedestrian
facilities in new subdivisions without option of exception
• Establishment of a new zoning district for Single-family Residential uses only and/or
a modification of the permitted uses within the mainland residential zoning districts
• Establishment of provisions for increasing access to public trust waters
5-12

Chapter 5: Land Use and Growth Management Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 CAMA Land Use Plan
CONSERVATION
The Conservation category is intended to preserve and protect fragile estuarine
environments from incompatible uses and to encourage public open space/recreational
opportunities. Coastal wetlands and saltwater marsh areas are included within this future
land use category. Public parks, docks, piers, and other water dependent uses may be
allowed that have minimal impacts to environmentally sensitive lands. Lands classified as
coastal wetlands should be preserved in perpetuity so as to protect the natural, scenic, and
recreational value of these areas.
Desired Uses:
• Preserved open space
• Nature trails
• Parks, piers, and docks
• Public access points
• Passive recreation areas
• Active recreation areas in suitable locations
Inappropriate Uses:
• Commercial or residential development
Implementation Considerations:
• Protection of fragile estuarine environments
• Preservation of coastal wetlands for recreation, natural habitat, fishing, boating, and
storm/flood mitigation
• Establishment of a new zoning district which restricts residential development and
limits uses to those that are contingent upon recreation or access to public trust
waters and/or conditional standards and supplemental regulations to address this
use
5-13

Chapter 5: Land Use and Growth Management
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 CAMA Land Use Plan
AIRPORT & FLIGHT PATH OVERLAY
The Airport future land use category is to support and encourage compatible land uses and
the continued operation of the Ocean Isle Beach/Odell Williamson Municipal Airport. Such
compatible uses include tourism -related air services, airplane service bays, light
industrial/manufacturing, and airplane storage. The purpose of the overlay designation is
to promote the safe conduct of aircraft in the vicinity of an airport, to prevent creation of
conditions hazardous to aircraft operation, to prevent loss of life and property, and to
encourage development which is compatible with airport characteristics. The airport Flight
Path Overlay District is detailed in the Town's Zoning Ordinance.
Desired Uses:
• Airplane service and operation
• Light industrial/manufacturing
• Airplane storage
• Tourism -related flight services
Inappropriate Uses:
• Residential development
Implementation Considerations:
• Limit height of buildings to fifty feet within the Flight Path Overlay with FAA approval
• Establishment of new zoning district for airport related uses and light
industrial/manufacturing uses
5-14

Chapter 5: Land Use and Growth Management Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 CAMA Land Use Plan
Breakdown of the percent of land in the jurisdiction allocated to the various land use
classification areas is provided in Table 5.2.
Table 5.4: Future Land Use in the Planning Jurisdiction
Source: Cape Fear Council of Governments G1S
Us'q
ype by
r1sland
Parcels
Mainland
Parcels
Planning jurisdiction
Island)1"and
isdiction
Percent of
Percent of
Percent of
Acres
Island
Acres
Mainland
Acres
Total
Airport
0.00
0.00%
49.83
2.37%
49.83
1.47%
Conservation
571.68
43.94%
38.81
1.84%
604.84
17.79%
Island
36.08
2.77%
0.00
0.00%
36.08
1.06%
Commercial
Island Multi-
66.08
5.08%
0.00
0.00%
66.08
1.94%
Family
Residential
Island
627.32
48.21%
0.00
0.00%
627.32
18.46%
Single -
Family
Residential
1,069.04
Mainland
0.00
0.00%
1,069.04
50.82%
31.45%
Residential
Mixed Use
0.00
0.00%
945.95
44.97%
945.95
27.83%
Total
1,301.16
100.00%
2,103.63
100.00%
3,399.14
100.00%
5-15

Chapter 5: Land Use and Growth Management Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 CAMA Land Use Plan
GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND POLICIES
INTRODUCTION
The Town has established a set of land use and development related policies to act as
guidelines during any official decision making process. These policies and goals provide
citizens, property owners, and developers with a predictability of official actions. Town
policies in this chapter relate land use and growth management. One CAMA management
topic is covered in the policy section herein: Land Use Compatibility.
It should be noted that these topic areas are developed as part of the Division of Coastal
Management's 7B Land Use Planning Guidelines.
Refer to Appendix A for Definitions of action words contained within the policy section.
LAND USE COMPATIBILITY
Goal 5.1: Ensure that development and use of resources or preservation of land balances
protection of natural resources and fragile areas with economic development, avoids risks
to public health and welfare, and are consistent with the capability of the land.
Objective 5.1.A: Maintain the small town, family friendly atmosphere at Ocean Isle Beach
by encouraging architecture in keeping with the Town's character, traditional family
homes, neighborhood and locally oriented businesses, parks and natural areas.
Policy 5.1.A.1: New Development: All development shall adhere to the Town's
building and development regulations set forth in the Zoning and Subdivision
Ordinance.
Recommended Action 5.1.A.1.a: In order to accommodate future changes
in land use, the planning board should evaluate the following land use
designations and recommend appropriate zoning and subdivision changes to
the Town Board of Commissioners:
■ Work with the Planning Board to review all zoning districts for
potential incompatible permitted uses to ensure land use conflicts do
not arise in the future;
■ Review zoning districts for land on the mainland to determine
whether changes are needed to manage anticipated growth and
development; and,
■ Consider establishing reduced parking standards for non-residential
new construction and redevelopment within the C-2 zoning district;
and
■ Consider updating and modernizing the Zoning and Subdivision
Ordinances for clarity, organization, and general legibility.
5-16

Chapter 5: Land Use and Growth Management Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 CAMA Land Use Plan
Policy 5.1.A.2: Land Use Plan Consistency: Any official Town land use and
development related actions (e.g. re -zonings, text amendments, special use permits,
stormwater rules, etc.) shall remain consistent with the policies adopted in the Land
Use Plan and any other applicable plan. Any Town actions that are inconsistent with
such plans shall require a statement from the Town body approving such decisions,
as to why those decisions are necessary and in the community's interest, and how
any negative impacts will be mitigated.
Policy 5.1.A.3: Ordinance Revisions: All zoning ordinance amendments
requesting increased densities shall be scrutinized very carefully by both the
Planning Board and the Town Board of Commissioners to ensure that they do not
significantly increase the density of development on the Island and/or within the
general proximity of such. In general, density shall not be increased to allow for
multi-family/two-family development in a predominantly single-family area.
Policy 5.1.A.4: Types of Development Encouraged: The Town desires as much as
practicable that all development be designed and placed so as to be compatible with
the residential character of the Town.
Policy 5.1.A.5: Single-family Residential Development: The Town shall maintain
areas exclusively for conventional single-family on the island and the mainland.
Ocean Isle Beach shall retain the predominantly single-family residential character
of the island. Conversion of single-family homes to two-family and/or multi -family
residential uses shall be discouraged.
Recommended Action 5.1.A.5.a: The Town shall consider the
establishment of a new mainland zoning district for Single-family Residential
uses only and/or a modification of the permitted uses within and also
consider prohibiting non-residential, multi -family, and two-family residential
development in predominantly single-family residential areas on the island
through a modification of the permitted uses and/or a zoning map
amendment.
Policy 5.1.A.6: Multi -family Residential Development: The Town shall allow
multi -family development in designated and appropriate areas that currently exist
for such.
Recommended Action 5.1.A.6.a: The Town shall consider requiring that all
multi -family developments be approved through the Special Use permit
process outlined in the in the Zoning Ordinance.
Policy 5.1.A.7: Commercial Development: Intense commercial development,
beyond that necessary to serve tourists and residents, is not encouraged on the
Island. Retail shops, restaurants, and other tourism related businesses are uses that
are encouraged on the Island. The Town supports a wide range of commercial
5-17

Chapter 5: Land Use and Growth Management Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 CAMA Land Use Plan
development on the mainland along the corridor that provides access to the Odell
Williamson Bridge, particularly those businesses that provide needed services to
residents and visitors, provided that the impacts on traffic are minimized. New
construction hotels, motels, and beach resorts are strongly discouraged on the
island.
Recommended Action 5.1.A.7.a: The Town shall continue to administer
appearance standards, and in particular, for the aesthetics of Beach Drive/NC
179.
Policy 5.1.A.8: Heavy Industry: Heavy industry is discouraged within the Town's
planning jurisdiction due to limited land availability and the suitability of such.
Some light industry may be permitted on a case -by -case basis -on the mainland,
particularly in close proximity to the airport. Light industry includes small-scale
manufacturing, assembly, trade -work, service repair, and contractor operations.
Policy 5.1.A.9: Mineral Production -existing and Potential: Mineral production
and extraction activities of any kind, other than dredging for beach renourishment
or channel maintenance, shall not be permitted within the Ocean Isle Beach
Planning Jurisdiction.
Policy 5.1.A.10: Energy Facilities: The Ocean Isle Beach planning area is not a
suitable location for electric generating plants.
Policy 5.1.A.11: Energy Development: Outer Continental Shelf exploration for
petroleum products may be acceptable to the Town only if appropriate
environmental impact studies are conducted prior to the beginning of any
exploratory activities. Offshore wind energy facilities are discouraged in the event
that visual impacts will be realized by Town residents and visitors.
Policy 5.1.A.12: Development Impacts: The Town will allow residential and
related commercial development to occur as long as resource degradation does not
occur. To mitigate impacts, the Town will continue to require stormwater
management as necessary.
Policy 5.1.A.13: Coastal Wetlands: It shall be the policy of Ocean Isle Beach to
restrict land uses in coastal wetlands and freshwater marshes to those that ensure
wetland conservation and which do not affect their delicate balance. The Town shall
permit water dependent uses in coastal wetlands such as docks, boat ramps, piers,
utility easements, and culverts, consistent with the definition and use standards of
15 NCAC Subchapter 7H. Each proposed use will be evaluated for water
dependency. Unacceptable land uses in coastal wetlands may include, but would not
be limited to, restaurants, businesses, residences, apartments, motels, hotels,
floating structures, private roads, and parking lots.
5-18

Chapter 5: Land Use and Growth Management Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 CAMA Land Use Plan
Policy 5.1.A.14: Estuarine Shoreline: Residential, recreational, educational, and
commercial land uses are all appropriate types of use along the estuarine shoreline
provided all standards of 15NCAC Subchapter 7H relevant to estuarine shoreline
AECs are met, and the proposed use is consistent with the policies set forth in this
plan. The development of boat launching and docking facilities shall be supported as
a means of providing public water access provided that their development shall not
adversely impact estuarine resources or Public Trust Areas.
Policy 5.1.A.15: Ocean Hazard Areas: The Town supports State policies for ocean
hazard areas as set forth in Chapter 15NCAC subchapter 7H of the State CAMA
regulations. Suitable land uses in ocean hazard areas include ocean shoreline
erosion control activities, coastal storm damage reduction projects, dune
establishment and stabilization. Residential, commercial and recreational land uses
and parking lots for beach access are also acceptable uses in ocean hazard areas
provided they meet all general and specific standards of 15 NCAC Subchapter 7H.
Policy 5.1.A.16: Bulkheads, Groins, and Seawalls: Bulkhead installation, groins,
or seawalls must be built in compliance with CAMA's 7H and other state guidelines.
Maintenance and replacement of existing bulkheads will be permitted. The Town
supports the use of terminal groins as a means of erosion control.
Policy 5.1.A.17: Historic Resources: The Town supports and promotes the
Museum of Coastal Carolina and the preservation of other historic resources.
Recommended Action 5.1.A.17.a: When available, the Town may provide
modest financial support to the Museum of Coastal Carolina in the Town's
annual budget.
Recommended Action 5.1.A.17.b: The Town supports having the state
conduct a systematic survey of archeological and historic sites within the
Town and its ETJ.
Policy 5.1.A.18: Significant Archaeological Resources: All development plans in
areas identified as having an archeological site will be carefully reviewed, the
applicant will be informed, and the North Carolina Division of Archives and History
will be contacted prior to the approval of the requested permits. The State Division
of Archives and History will be contacted if any additional archeological sites
previously not recorded are discovered.
Policy 5.1.A.19: Public Input: It is the policy of the Town to ensure that all
segments of the Ocean Isle Beach planning area have a full and adequate
opportunity to be informed and have the opportunity to participate in the planning
decision making process.
5-19

Chapter 5: Land Use and Growth Management Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 CAMA Land Use Plan
Recommended Action 5.1.A.19.a: The Town will continue to utilize
standing committees and boards to involve the public in planning decisions
whenever practicable.
Recommended Action 5.1.A.19.b: The Town will continue to utilize the
Town's website, cable access channel, social media, and other methods to
keep residents informed of planning and land use decisions whenever
practicable.
Policy 5.1.A.20: Commitment to State and Federal Programs: The Town
supports State and Federal programs such as CAMA, coastal storm damage
reduction, erosion control, public access, highway improvements, dredging, etc.
provided the Town finds these programs to be appropriate and consistent with
Town policies.
Policy 5.1.A.21: Land Use Plan Implementation Status Report: The Town shall
initiate review of the goals, policies, and contents of this plan every two years. Such
review will be conducted by the Planning Board two years following plan adoption.
An informal presentation and report of the accomplishments completed as a result
of the land use plan will be delivered to the Town Board of Commissioners by the
Planning Board Chairman. The Town shall prepare an implementation status report
for the Division of Coastal Management every two years.
Policy 5.1.A.22: Land Use Plan Update: The Town shall update the Land Use Plan
every 5-7 years to address changing dynamics, population growth, economic
development, and housing needs.
5-20

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Management Act (CZMA), as amended, which is administered
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National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The
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Atlantic Ocean
Town of
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oceanisle
B E A C H
2017 Land Use Plan
Map 5.1
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cannot be guaranteed. The Cape Fear
Council of Governments is not legally
responsible for the misuse of this map.
0 0.225 0.45 0.9
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/ Map prepared by Cape Fear Council of
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a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the 1972 Coastal Zone
Management Act (CZMA), as amended, which is administered
by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management,
National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The
Town of Ocean Isle Beach also provided funding and staff
At/antic Ocean
Town of
Ocean Isle Beach
oceanisle
B E A C H
2017 Land Use Plan
Map 5.2
Vacant Land by
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fixed period in time. 100% accuracy of
spatial data to current circumstances
cannot be guaranteed. The Cape Fear
Council of Governments is not legally
responsible for the misuse of this map.
0 0.225 0.45 0.9
Miles
1 in = 0.47 miles
Map prepared by Cape Fear Council of
Governments. Data sources: Brunswick Co.,
' OIB, NCDOT, USGS.
N�RTyA CAPE FEAR
COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS

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Program, through funds provided by the 1972 Coastal Zone
Management Act (CZMA), as amended, which is administered
by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management,
National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The
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be
1
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Spatial data used to generate this
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fixed period in time. 100% accuracy of
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a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the 1972 Coastal Zone
Management Act (CZMA), as amended, which is administered
by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management,
National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The
Town of Ocean Isle Beach also provided funding and staff
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CAPE FEAR
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COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS

Chapter 6: Tools for Managing Development Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
CHAPTER 6: TOOLS FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT
This section of the land use plan describes Ocean Isle Beach's procedures for administering
land development regulations and also provides a schedule for implementation of
recommended actions. This section has three major parts that describe the:
■ Role of the land use plan in local decisions: the role of the plan and the status of its
goals, objectives, policies, and recommended actions in Ocean Isle Beach's land use
and development decisions;
■ Existing development management program: Ocean Isle Beach's existing policies,
ordinances, codes, and regulations and how they will be coordinated and employed
to implement the plan's policies and recommended actions;
Action plan and implementation schedule: the priority policies and recommended
actions that will be taken to implement the plan with a general schedule to
accomplish these actions.
Collectively, these sections describe how Ocean Isle Beach's CAMA Land Use Plan will
manage future land use and development.
ROLE OF THE LAND USE PLAN IN LOCAL DECISIONS
Ocean Isle Beach's CAMA Land Use Plan serves a variety of functions and the plan for the
future contains a broad range of:
■ Goals: Desired ends toward which policies and programs of the Land Use Plan are
directed. Many of the goals reflect requirements set forth in the Division of Coastal
Management's (DCM's) Coastal Resource Commission (CRC) guidelines.
■ Objectives: More specific and measurable than the general goals and in some cases a
goal has multiple objectives.
■ Policies: A consistent set of principles or guidelines for making a variety of local
decisions designed to accomplish the goals and objectives. These policies guide
decisions by the Board of Commissioners, its appointed boards, and staff.
■ Recommended Actions: Specific actions that can betaken to implement and advance
the plan's policies. Many of these recommended actions are non -regulatory in
nature and will be addressed through the Town's capital improvement program
(CIP) or through subsequent planning efforts.
The goals, objectives, policies, and recommended actions provide a long range planning
function but they also help guide day to day operations. The daily functions relate
primarily to the decisions of actions of elected and appointed officials and the Town's
administrative staff.
6-1

Chapter 6: Tools for Managing Development Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
For the Board of Commissioners, the CAMA Land Use Plan contains Town policies and
provides a guide when making decisions regarding future land use and development,
public access, protecting the environment, mitigating natural and manmade hazards, or
ensuring that the Town's infrastructure and services are adequate to serve its year round
population and the influx of seasonal visitors. While the CAMA Land Use Plan's policies do
not have the same status as a local zoning ordinance, except in matters related to
development or land uses within Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs), the policies and
recommended actions and the future land use map contained in the plan help guide
decisions on future ordinances and zoning decisions. Moreover, general statutes require
statements of consistency with comprehensive plans or any other locally adopted plan(s)
before adopting or rejecting any local code, ordinance, or zoning changes or amendments.
Amendments to this plan will be initiated and approved by the Board of Commissioners
and will occur in accordance with the guidelines for land use plan amendments under
Subchapter 713 of the North Carolina Administrative Code. The land use plan can be
amended as whole by a single resolution or in parts by successive resolutions and is subject
to special state notice and advertising requirements for land use plan amendments.
In addition to guiding development decisions, the Board of Commissioners use the CAMA
Land Use Plan's policies and recommended actions when making decisions on the Town's
capital improvement program (CIP) and its annual operating budgets. The Board of
Commissioners will also review the implementation strategy and make periodic
adjustments based on budgetary considerations, emerging issues, problems or community
needs, or to coordinate with future planning efforts and ongoing projects. All changes to
the CAMA Land Use Plan's policies and recommended actions and this implementation
strategy will be forwarded to the DEQ's Division of Coastal Management (DCM) for its
subsequent approval.
The Town's Planning Board will use the plan and its policies to determine the consistency
of project plans and development proposals with community goals and objectives. For the
Board of Adjustment, its policies and recommendations will also guide decisions on
whether to grant or deny requests for such things as special use permits or the approval of
statutory vested rights.
The Town's administrative staff use the plan's policies and recommendations in a variety of
ways. Staff in the Planning and Building Inspections Department will use the policies and
recommendations when reviewing site plans and development proposals. Various Town
departments will use the policies and recommended actions to guide proposals for
development projects and plans for public services and facilities. Many of the plan's
policies and recommended actions also guide ongoing operations and programs within
other Town departments as well, particularly the Utilities Department and its efforts to
manage the town's infrastructure and address problems associated with stormwater
runoff. Accordingly, Town staff will use the implementation strategy to guide budget
preparation, the development of the CIP, and make reference to the plan when applying for
various sources of federal, state, and county grant funds.
6-2

Chapter 6: Tools for Managing Development
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
The Town's CAMA Land Use Plan will be used by other federal and state officials, in
particular DEQ's DCM. An important use of Ocean Isle Beach's CAMA Land Use Plan is for
consistency determinations by the DCM for major permits issued pursuant to CAMA
regulations.
The CAMA Land Use Plan will be of use to a variety of community members. The plan is a
useful tool for developers and property owners because it provides guidance on the types
of land use and development that are desired within the community. The plan's policies
and recommendations will also help developers to craft proposals that are consistent with
the Town's goals and objectives, thereby increasing the likelihood that these projects will
be approved. The plan also provides information that will help owners and developers to
better understand the capabilities and limitations of their property. The plan also provides
community members with information to reference when supporting or opposing projects
within the community.
EXISTING DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
All land development in Ocean Isle Beach is subject to a wide range of state and local
permits pursuant to a comprehensive set of state regulations and local ordinances. The
following sections summarize Ocean Isle Beach's major ordinances and the regulatory
provisions of the Town's development management program.
OCEAN ISLE BEACH"S LAND DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS
The Town of Ocean Isle Beach, like other municipalities in the state, has been granted
general statutory authority by the North Carolina General Statutes to enact necessary
ordinances designed to protect and promote the health, safety and the general welfare of
its citizens. Local plans and policies are enforced through ordinances adopted by the Board
of Commissioners, which is granted this authority by the Charter ratified December 4,
1959. Following is a listing of Town Ordinances and enforcement provisions related to
land use and development. These provisions are also applicable to the ETJ area.
Ocean Isle Beach Zoning Code: The zoning ordinance is the most prominent land
development regulatory tool used by the Town of Ocean Isle Beach to ensure that land is
developed in conformance with the designations contained in the Future Land Use
Classification Map contained in Chapter 5 (Map 5.4). The ordinance was originally adopted
in 1972. The ordinance regulates location and height of buildings, establishes minimum
building lot sizes, and establishes districts in which uses related to residential, commercial,
and institutional uses are either allowed or prohibited.
Subdivision Regulations: Since 1975, the Town of Ocean Isle Beach has enforced subdivision
regulations which guide the general design of newly developing areas within the Town's
jurisdiction. A subdivision is the division of any parcel or tract of land into two or more lots
for the purpose of development. The purpose of the subdivision regulations is to establish
6-3

Chapter 6: Tools for Managing Development
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
procedures and standards for the development and subdivision of land within the
territorial jurisdiction of the Town of Ocean Isle Beach.
Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance: The Town of Ocean Isle Beach administers a Flood
Damage Prevention Ordinance and participates in the Federal Flood Insurance Program.
First floor building elevation requirements vary in the Town, ranging from 13 to 17 feet in
the "AE" zone and from 15 to 23 feet in the WE" zone. The Flood Damage Prevention
Ordinance is enforced by the Building Inspector as part of the Town's building permit
program.
Building Code: The Town of Ocean Isle Beach has an active building inspections program
and enforces the NC State Building Code, including the codes concerning general
construction, plumbing, heating, electrical, fire, and gas, as well as the NC Uniform
Residential Building Code. The Town Building Inspectors issue building permits and
inspect construction to ensure strict compliance with all code enforcement.
Airport Height Zoning Ordinance: This ordinance was adopted to protect the airport
interests and to aid public safety by restricting height of objects and buildings near the
Ocean Isle Airport.
Dune Protection: Ocean Isle Beach protects its dunes by enforcing its CAMA permitting and
the Building Code provisions and by forbidding vehicular traffic on the beach as regulated
by the Traffic Code. Moreover, walkways are provided at each beach access and fences line
these walkways which guide pedestrian traffic from disturbing the dunes.
Sign Ordinance: Sign restrictions are included in the Zoning and General Ordinances.
Soil Erosion and Sedimentation: Ocean Isle Beach has a soil erosion and sedimentation
ordinance which regulates land disturbing activities to control accelerated erosion and
sedimentation in order to prevent the pollution of waterway systems and to prevent
damage to public and private property.
Stormwater Management Ordinance: Ocean Isle Beach has a stormwater management
ordinance that has requirements for engineered plans, stormwater controls, and
maintenance agreements for BMPs used on all new development.
Jet Ski Ordinance: In 1997, the Town of Ocean Isle Beach adopted a jet ski ordinance which
regulates the areas of operation for jet skis, the speed of jet ski operation, the age and
training requirements for jet ski operators, and the safety equipment required for jet ski
users.

Chapter 6: Tools for Managing Development
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
ACTION PLAN AND IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
The following table outlines a schedule to assist the Town in implementing the
recommended actions of this land use plan. The implementation schedule is to be used as
a resource for Town staff and officials. The schedule is not a mandate for the allocation of
funding nor does it require such.
Table 6.1: Schedule for Implementing Recommended Actions
F_ Action Item To be done in De-partment
Fiscal Year Responsibility
Water Quality and Natural Environment
The Town will continue to partner with
Planning &
Brunswick County Utilities to ensure that
Ongoing
Building
wastewater is treated at a tertiary level to
Inspections, Public
protect surface and groundwater quality.
Utilities
The Town will work with County and state
Planning &
officials to improve the quality of surface
Onoin
gg
Building
waters that drain to the Intracoastal
Inspections, Public
Waterway.
Utilities
When state roads are repaired or
resurfaced, where practicable, the Town
shall require the Department of
Transportation (DOT) to use infiltration
systems and other structural or
Planning &
nonstructural BMPs necessary to treat
Building
stormwater generated from road surfaces.
Ongoing
Inspections, Public
When Town roads are repaired or
Utilities
resurfaced, the Town shall seek state
funding to assist with its efforts to treat
stormwater generated by road surfaces
using infiltration devices and other
structural and nonstructural BMPs.
Where practicable, the staff of the Public
Utilities Department shall expand its efforts
to identify and eliminate stormwater
Ongoing
Public Utilities
discharges resulting from the Town's
municipal activities.
Implement an island -wide recycling
FY 2016-2017
Administration,
program to reduce solid waste generation.
Public Utilities
Natural Hazard
Areas
Ocean Isle Beach will continue to participate
Planning &
in the National flood Insurance Program,
Building
enforce the Flood Damage Prevention
Ongoing
Inspections, Public
Ordinance, and enforce height limits based
Works
upon base flood elevations.
6-5

Chapter 6: Tools for Managing Development
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Action Item To be done in
E
Department
Fiscal Year
Responsibility
The Town will continue to train staff on the
Planning &
Building
steps that can be taken to improve the CRS Ongoing
Inspections, Public
rating for Ocean Isle Beach.
Utilities
Planning &
The Town will continue to look for ways to
Ongoing
Building
stabilize the Inlet Hazard Areas.
Inspections, Public
Utilities
Town officials will continue to lobby federal,
state, and county officials to provide
Ongoing
Administration
financial support for coastal storm damage
reduction activities.
The Town will develop a strategy for
Administration,
sustainable, long-term sources for funding
Planning &
ongoing coastal storm damage reduction in
FY 2017-2022
Building
the event that federal or state funding for
Inspections, Public
coastal storm damage reduction projects is
Utilities
reduced.
The Town will implement the
Administration,
recommendations of the island -wide
FY 2017-2047
Planning &
Building
management program outlined in the 2015
Inspections, Public
30-Year Beach management Plan.
Utilities
The Town will initiate efforts to complete
Administration,
the required environmental documents
Planning &
necessary for the receipt of permits for
FY 2017-2022
Building
construction of projects identified within the
Inspections, Public
30-Year Beach management Plan.
Utilities
The Planning and Building Inspections
Department shall implement a public
education program designed to help inform
Planning &
the public about their exposure to natural
FY 2017-2018
Building
hazards and actions they can take to
Inspections
mitigate potential damage to public health,
safety, and property from natural disasters.
In the event that the President declares
Ocean Isle Beach a disaster area, the
Planning &
Planning Department shall apply for funding
Ongoing
Building
from the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program
Inspections
(HMGP) for priority projects.

Chapter 6: Tools for Managing Development
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Action Item To be done in Department
Fiscal Responsibility
Infrastructure CarryingCapacity,
The Town will continue to work closely with
Brunswick County to ensure that there is
Planning &
adequate sewage treatment capacity to
Ongoing
Building
serve year round and seasonal populations
Inspections, Public
within the incorporated area of Ocean Isle
Utilities
Beach.
Town officials will consider providing
Planning &
hurricane floats and generator sockets at all
Building
pump stations to discourage service loss in
FY 2017 - 2020
Inspections, Public
the event of power outage.
Utilities
Town officials will continue to work with
NCDOT and GSATS to help improve traffic
conditions both on the island and in
Planning &
surrounding areas as a result of a growing
Ongoing
Building
seasonal population, and growing
Inspections, Public
population on the mainland in areas near
Utilities
Ocean Isle Beach.
Town officials will work diligently with
developers and NCDOT to incorporate
Planning &
transportation improvements into new
Ongoing
Building
commercial and residential development
Inspections, Public
projects.
Utilities
Town officials will continue to support the
Planning &
projects identified in the GSATS 2035 Long
Ongoing
Building
Range Transportation Plan.
Inspections
The Town will pursue federal and state
Planning &
grant opportunities to construct sidewalks,
Ongoing
Building
walkways, and bike lanes at strategic
Inspections
locations on the Island.
The Town shall consider partnering with
Planning &
Brunswick County to implement the
Ongoing
Building
recommendations of the county's 2016
Inspections
Greenway and Blueway Plan.
Town officials will continue to implement
recommendations outlined in the Bicycle
Planning &
and Pedestrian Plan. The Town will
Ongoing
Building
prioritize the installation of on -street bicycle
Inspections
lanes in favor of off-street facilities.
6-7

Chapter 6: Tools for Managing Development
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Action Item To be done in Department
Fiscal Year Responsibility
Public Access and Recreation
When making improvements to existing
public access facilities, the following are
considered to be priorities for
improvements:
• Improving handicapped access at
existing public access sites;
• Add additional amenities such as
Planning &
showers and foot washes to one or more
FY 2017-2022
Building
public access sites at the eastern and
Inspections, Public
western ends of the Island;
Utilities
• Work with the state to ensure the boat
ramp continues to operate in an
acceptable fashion and is maintained
appropriately; and,
• Where practicable, increase public
parking near existing public access sites.
The following are considered to be priorities
for new public access facilities:
• Identify additional locations along the
Planning &
ICWW that could be developed to
FY 2017-2022
Building
improve public access.
Inspections, Public
• Identify additional boat dock facilities,
Utilities
including options for day docks and
transient public boat dock facilities
The Town will continue to examine whether
there are any other locations where a
Planning &
change in the traffic flow from two-way to
Ongoing
Building
one-way traffic can be used to increase
Inspections
parking for beach access.
The Town shall identify Town owned
Planning &
property that may provide suitable access to
Building
the ICWW, mark these sites, and develop
FY 2017-2018
Inspections, Public
plans to improve these sites when
Utilities
practicable.
The Town will study several parking/right-
Planning &
of-way locations and prepare conceptual
FY 2017-2018
Building
layouts that may allow for additional
Inspections
parkingspaces.
The Town shall continue to promote the use
Administration,
of the community center and consider
FY 2017-2022
Planning &
options for relocation to more expansive
Building
sites/facilities as necessary.
Inspections

Chapter 6: Tools for Managing Development
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Action Item To be done in Department
Responsibility
Land Use CompatibilityFiscal
Work with the Planning Board to review all
Planning &
zoning districts for potential incompatible
FY 2017-2018
Building
permitted uses to ensure land use conflicts
Inspections
do not arise in the future.
Review mainland zoning districts to
Planning &
determine whether changes are needed to
FY 2017-2018
Building
manage anticipated growth and
Inspections
development.
Consider establishing reduced parking
Planning &
standards for non-residential new
FY 2017-2018
Building
construction and redevelopment within the
Inspections
C-2 zoning district.
Consider updating and modernizing the
Planning &
Zoning and Subdivision Ordinances for
FY 2017-2019
Building
clarity, organization, and general legibility.
Inspections
The Town shall consider the establishment
Planning &
of a new mainland zoning district for Single-
FY 2018-2019
Building
family Residential uses only and/or a
Inspections
modification of the permitted uses within.
The Town shall consider prohibiting non-
residential, multi -family, and two-family
Planning &
residential development in predominantly
FY 2018-2019
Building
single-family residential areas on the island
Inspections
through a modification of the permitted uses
and/or a zoning map amendment.
The Town shall consider requiring that all
Planning &
multi -family developments be approved
FY 2017-2018
Building
through the Special Use permit process
Inspections
outlined in the in the Zoning Ordinance.
The Town shall continue to administer
Planning &
appearance standards, and in particular, for
Ongoing
Building
the aesthetics of Beach Drive/NC 179.
Inspections
When available, the Town may provide
modest financial support to the Museum of
Ongoing
Administration
Coastal Carolina in the Town's annual
budget.
The Town supports having the state conduct
a systematic survey of archeological and
Planning &
historic sites within the Town and its ETJ.
FY 2017-2022
Building
Inspections

Chapter 6: Tools for Managing Development
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
The Town will continue to utilize standing
committees and boards to involve the public Ongoing
in planning decisions whenever practicable.
The Town will continue to utilize the Town's
website, cable access channel, social media,
and other methods to keep residents Ongoing
informed of planning and land use decisions
whenever Dracticable.
Planning &
Building
Inspections
Planning &
Building
Inspections
6-10

Appendix A: Definitions and Acronyms Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
APPENDIX A: DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS
DEFINITIONS OF ACTION AND DESCRIPTIVE WORDS USED IN POLICIES
The following is a list of definitions for the 'action -words' used in the Town's policy
statements. This list is used to help in clarifying a policy's meaning and intent.
Consider: Implies permission to pursue a course of action or implies that a course of
action is probable and likely.
Continue: Follow past and present procedures to maintain desired goal, usually with
Town staff involved at all levels from planning to implementation.
Create: Bring about the desired goal, usually with Town staff and Planning Board
involved at all levels from planning to implementation. This could include financial
support by the Town.
Discourage: Inhibit an undesired course or action through Town regulation, staff
recommendation and decisions.
Encourage: Foster the desired goal through Town regulation, staff recommendation
and decisions.
Enhance: Improve current regulations and decisions towards a desired state
through the use of policies and Town staff at all levels of planning. This could
include financial support by the Town.
Ensure: To make certain or sure an action is implemented, usually with Town staff
involvement. Financial support by the Town should be provided if needed.
Identify: Catalog and confirm resource or desired item(s) through the use of Town
staff and actions.
Implement: Actions to guide the accomplishment of the Plan recommendations.
Maintain: Keep in good condition the desired state of affairs through the use of
Town regulations and practices by staff. Financial support by the Town should be
provided if needed.
May: Implies permission to pursue a course of action or implies that a course of
action is probable and likely. While "may" leaves room for flexibility for a range of
choices, it does not imply a "may" or "may not" status as used in policy statements.
Prevent: Stop described event through the use of appropriate Town regulations,
staff actions, Planning Board actions, and Town finances, if needed.
A-1

Appendix A: Definitions and Acronyms
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
Promote: Advance the desired state through the use of Town policies and codes and
Planning Board and staff activity at all levels of planning. This could include financial
support by the Town.
Protect: Guard against a deterioration of the desired state through the use of Town
policies and regulations, staff, and, if needed, financial support by the Town.
Provide: Take the lead role in supplying the needed financial and staff support to
achieve the desired goal. The Town is typically involved in all aspects from planning
to implementation to maintenance.
Shall: An obligation to carry out a course of action.
Should: An officially adopted course or method of action intended to be followed to
implement the community Goals. Though not as mandatory as "shall", it is still an
obligatory course of action unless clear reasons can be identified that an exception
is warranted.
Support: Supply the needed staff support, policies, and financial assistance at all
levels to achieve the desired goal.
Sustain: Uphold the current state through Town policies, decisions, financial
resources, and staff action.
Work: Cooperate and act in a manner through the use of Town staff actions, and
policies to create the desired goal.
Acronyms Used In the Report
AEC Areas of Environmental Concern
CAMA Coastal Area Management Act
CFCC
Cape Fear Community College
COE
Corps of Engineers, United States
CRAC
Coastal Resource Advisory Committee
CRC
Coastal Resource Commission
CRS Community Rating System
CZMA Coastal Zone Management Act
DCM Division of Coastal Management
kvu

Appendix A: Definitions and Acronyms Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
NC DEQ Department of Environmental Quality
DWR Division of Water Resources
DWQ Division of Water Quality
EMS
Emergency Medical Service
EMT
Emergency Medical Technician
ETJ
Extra -territorial Jurisdiction
FAR
Floor Area Ratio
FEMA
Federal Emergency Management Agency
GIS
Geographic Information System
HQW
High Quality Waters
ICWW
Intracoastal Waterway
LPO
Local Permit Officer
LUP
Land Use Plan
LUPSC
Land Use Plan Steering Committee
MG
Million Gallons
MGD
Millions of Gallons per Day
MHWL
Mean High Water Line
MLWL
Mean Low Water Line
MS4
Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System
N.A.
Not Applicable
NC
North Carolina
NCAC
North Carolina Administrative Code
NCDOT
North Carolina Department of Transportation
NFIP
National Flood Insurance Program
NPDES
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Nonpoint Source
NSW
Nutrient Sensitive Waters
A-3

Appendix A: Definitions and Acronyms
Town of Ocean Isle Beach 2017 Land Use Plan
ORW
Outstanding Resource Water
OSDS
Onsite Sewage Disposal System
PL
Public Law
SW
Swamp Waters
U.S.
United States
Nit