63-92 East Carolina University

Permit Class Permit Number
NEW 63-92
STATE OF NORTH_ CAROLINA
Department of Environment, Health & Natural Resources EJU:N
(��jandi I _� I! Coastal Resources Comiission
2 6 1992 Ii
for
X Major Development in an Area of Environmental Concern
pursuant to NCGS 113A-118
X Excavation and/or filling pursuant to NCGS 113-229
Issued m East Carolina University, Inst. for Coastal & Marine Res., Greenville, NC 27858
auibD' developmentin Hyde county az Wysocking Bay, marshland near Gibbs Landing,
off of S 1117 ac rearrested in the permittee's aoplication dazes rec' d 6/11 /92,
This permit, issued on June 19, 1992 , is subject to compliance with the application (where consistent
with the permit), all applicable regulations, special conditions and notes set forth below. Any -violation of these teffis may be
subject to a fine, imprisonment or civil action; or may cause the permit to be null and void-
1) No spoil will be placed on any marsh outside of the twelve retention
frames as proposed in the research project.
2) The DCM reserves the right to require, if deemed necessary, that all
spoil materials be removed from the marsh and the area returned ro
pre -project contours on or before the expiration date of this permit. If
additional time is needed for further research, a written request must be
submitted to the DCM prior to the expiration date. This request will be
reviewed and a determination will be made at that timeasto additional
permit requirements.
3) All wooden structures, e. g., retention frames and platform, must also be
disassembled and removed from the site on or before the expiration date
of the permit.
This permit action may be appealed by the permittee or
other qualified persons within twenty (20) days of the
issuing date. An appeal requires resolution prior to work
initiation or continuance, as the case may be.
This permit must be accessible on -site to Department
personnel when the project is inspected for compliance.
Any maintenance work or project modification not
covered hereunder requires further Departmental approval.
All work must cease when the permit expires on
December 31, 1995
In issuing this permit, the State of North Carolina agrees
that your project is consistent with the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program.
Signed by the authority of the Secretary of DEHNR and the
Chairman of the Coastal Resources Commission.
Roger N. Schectes, Director
Division of Coastal Management
This permit and its conditions are hereby accepted -
Signature of Permittee

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East Carolina University Permit #'63-92
Page 2 of 2
ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS
NOTE: The Division of -Environmental Management authorized this
experimental project under Section 401 Water, Quality Certification
No. 2736 issued on June 8, 1992.
NOTE: The Corps of Engineers approved the project activity under a
Nationwide, Permit. `

� 3
APPLICATION TRANSMITTAL/PROCESSING RECORD �l
A) Applicant: �0 1l U�Lt9l �l -(ti � LUf1A-l-L-�.� County: L Location of Project: tJ e �" ti { i -ni,(,`( --t-7C_�L -C
_bAc, utL,A�
Date Application Received Complete by Field: L-1 IC -9-A
Field Recommendation: Attached x To be Forwarded
Field Representative: D(=(LICfDistrict Office: iJJC���_tt P
' District Manager Review: a= /M =
B) Date Application Received in Raleigh: Fee Rec'd: $
Public Notice Rec'd: End of Notice Date:
Adj. Rip. Prop Notices Rec'd:
Application Assigned to: _
C) 75 Day Deadline:
Mail Out Date:
D)
Federal Due Date:
Permit Final Action: Issue
Deed Rec'd:
on
150 Day Deadline:
State Due Date:
Fed. Comments Rec'd on
Deny Draft on
AGENCY
DATE COMMENTS
RETURNED
OBJECTIONS
YES NO
NOTES
Coastal Management District Office
Division of Comm. Assistance
Land Quality Section
Div. of Env. Management
State Property Office
Div. of Archives & History
Div. of Env. Health
Div. of Highways
Wildlife Resources Commission
Div. of Water Resources
ABn
Div. of Marine Fisheries

MEMORANDUM i '
MAY 0 5 1992
TO: David Gossett i. J
FROM: John Crew
DATE: 16 April 1992
SUBJECT: ECU Application for Research Project in Coastal Wetlands,
Gibbs Landing, Wysocking Canal, Hyde Co.
This proposal is for research to determine what effects a regeneration, if any,
occur when thin layers of soil material are deposited in 'u7 ncus marsh. A 696.96
sq. ft. area will be involved upon which sixteen (16) 1" x 4" frames will be
installed.
This proposal comes under the auspices of the CRC March 1987 certified Hyde Co.
LUP update. The policy section of the plan (pg. 44-78) provides the following
guidance on proposals of this nature:
Coastal Wetlands
In line with the CAMA definitions, Hyde County prefers to use the term
"marshlands" instead of wetlands. "Marshlands" is more descriptive of the
areas included as an Area of Environmental Concern, which are regularly
flooded marsh areas often containing specific marsh plant species. The
first priority of uses of land in these areas should be the allowance of
uses which promote conservation of the existing marshlands. Second in
priority will be uses which require water access. All acceptable uses
such as utility easements, fishing piers, and docks, will be required to
adhere to the use standards under the North Carolina Administrative Code
(15 NCAC 7H). Geographic descriptions of marshlands are contained on page
18, Section I, of this document.
The project seems to be located within the Conservation Class in the Hyde Co.
land classification map. This class provides for the following (Pg. 82):
Conservation
The "conservation" class provides for effective long-term management of
significatn limited or irreplaceable areas. This management may be needed
because of its natural, cultural, recreational, productive or senic
values. This class should be limited to lands that contain: major
wetlands, essentially undeveloped shorelands that are unique, fragile, or
hazardous for development, wildlife management areas or areas that have a
high probability for providing necessary habitat conditions; publicly
owned water supply watersheds and aquifers. However, there may be high
ground areas within the conservation class that may be suitable for
development. Each application for development shall be reviewed on a case
by case basis.

MEMORANDUM
ECU Application
16 April 1992
Page 2
In Hyde County, the environmentally sensitive areas identified as Areas of
Environmental Concern (AECs), i.e., Coastal Marshlands (which includes a
rather extensive area along the immediate shorelines of the Long Shoal
River and the Pamlico Sound in the northeast and east, around to the Pungo
River and some of its tributaries in the western part of the County's
mainland), Estuarine Waters, Estuarine Shorelines, and Public Trust Areas,
are classified as "conservation". Also included in this classification
are the State and Federally owned and managed wildlife refuge areas,
gamelands, and the Cape Hatteras National Seashore Recreation Area.
Assuming this proposal meets the standards set forth in 15NCAC 7H, I assume it
is not inconsistent with the Hyde Co. LUP.
cc: John Parker
Pres Pate

East Carolina University
Hyde County
CONDITIONS
1. No spoil will be placed on any marsh outside of the twelve retention frames
as proposed in the research project.
2. All spoil materials must be removed from the marsh and the area returned to
pre -project contours on or before the expiration date of this permit. If
additional time is needed for further research a written request must be
submitted to the DCH prior to the expiration date. This request will be
reviewed and a determination will be made at that time as to additional
permit requirements.
3. All wooden structures e.a. retention frames and platform, must also be
disassembled and removed from the site on or bcfore the expiration date of
the permit.
David L. Gossett - Washington Office - lu April 1992

DIVISiOiV OK COASTAL MANAGEMENT
FIELD INVESTIGATION REPORT
1. APPLICANT'S NAME East Carolina University
2. LOCATION OF PROJECT SITE Hyde County, Iake Landing Township, adjacent to
SR 1117, Gibbs Landing, canal to wysocking Bay
PHOTO INDX: 1989: No photo 1984: No photo
STATE PLANE COORDINATES- X: 2871400 Y: 625800 Middletown UL
3. INVESTIGATION TYPE: DREDGE & FILL X CAMA X
4. INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURE:
(A) DATES OF SITE VISIT 3-25-92
(B) WAS APPLICANT PRESER Yes -
5. PROCESSING PROCEDURE: APPLICATION RECEIVED 4-10-92
OFFICE Washington
6. SITE DESCRIPTION:
(A) LOCAL LAND USE PLAN Hyde County
LAND CLASSIFICATION FROM LUP Conservation
DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS IDENTIFIED IN LUP Review is being conductec
by D M planning staff to determine permit consistency
(B) AEC(S) INVOLVED: OCEAN HAZARD ESTUARINE SHORELINE
COASTAL WETLANDS X PUBLIC TRUST WATERS_
ESTUARINE WATERS X OTHER
(C) WATER DEPENDENT: YES x NO
(D) INTENDED USE: PUBLIC PRIVATE X COMMERCIAL
(E) TYPE OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT: EXISTING NA
PLANNED NA
(F) TYPE OF STRUCTURES: EXISTING None
PLANNED 16-6.6' square boxes, each 1" x 4", 4' x 2.5' platform
(G) ESTIMATED ANNUAL RATE OF EROSION NA SOURCE NA
7. HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
AREA
(A) VEGETATED WETLANDS DREDGED FILLED OTHER
Jtmcus roemeriarnis I + 412.5 sq.tr—
(B) NON -VEGETATED WETLANDS:
(C) OTHER:
Open water area + 3 cubic yards
(D) TOTAL AREA DISTURBED: + 3 cubic yards + 472.5 sq.ft.
8. PROJECT SUMMARY: The applicant is proposing a research project which involves
the thin layer deposition of dredqed material onto coastal wetlands.

Environmental setting
Researchers from East Carolina University have chosen a site in Hyde County
adjacent to a canal which connects to Wysocking Bay to conduct research to
determine what effects, if any, thin layers of spoil materials will have on the
regeneration of coastal wetlands marsh. The site which has been selected is a 14
acre tract which is predominately vegetated by dense Juncus roemerianus marsh.
Only a 696.96 sc.ft. area of the entire 14 acre site will be involved in the
research. The site selected will be located = 73.0' from the west side of the
canal which connects to the bay. Attachments in the application package show
the exact location of the research.
Project proposal
The applicant is proposing to evaluate the short term effects of thin layer
dredge spoil deposition on Juncus roemerianus marsh.
This will be accomplished by placing 16 retention frames each constructed of 1"
x 4" lumber in the marsh in a configuration as shown on the attached plat. Each
frame will be 6.6' square. The project proposal is to randomly select four of
the squares as controls in which no spoils will be placed. Four of the squares
will be randomly selected in which 2 cm of spoils will be placed, four will be
selected for 4 cm, and four will be selected for 10 cm. Spoils will b obtained
by pumping from the adjacent canal. These procedures are discussed in greater
detail in the attached research proposal. Also discussed in the proposal are
the various hypotheses, objectives and expected results of the project.
Other construction at the site will consist of placement of a 4.0' long x 2.5'
wide x 5.5' high platform in the marsh to place a water level recorder. A hole
1.0' in diameter by 3.0' deep will be due to place the recorder weight and
float.
Environmental impact
The *.-elect as proposed will involve the placement of dredged spoil material
varying from 2 cm to 10 cm in depth atop 472.5 sq.£t. of Juncus roemerianus
marsh. Also the project area will be impacted by foot traffic and the movement
of materials and pumping equipment at the site. The placement of the water
level recorder platform should have an insignificant environmental impact. Some
short term turbidity will exist in the canal system during pumping operations.
David L. Gossett - Washington Office - 16 April 1992

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Please type or print. Carefully describe all anticipated
development activities, including construction, excava-
tion, filling, paving, land clearing, and stonnwatcr con-
trol. If the requested information is not relevant to your
project, write N/A (not applicable). Items 1-4 and 8-9
must be completed for all projects.
1 APPLICANT
a. Name East Carolina University
Address Inst. for Coastal & Marine Resources
City Greenville State NC
Zip 27858 Day phone [phone]
Landowner orb_ Authorized agent
Experimental Analysis of the Effects of
b. Project name (if any) Thin -layer Deposition of
Dredged Materials on the Juncus roemgrianis
Marsh on Wysockin Bay, NC.
c. If the applicant is notIte landowner, also give the
owner's name and address.
Mr. & Mrs. H.L. Gibbs
Rt. 1 Box 152
Engelhard, NC 27824
2 LOCATION OF PROPOSED
PROJECT
a. Street address or secondary road number
SR 1117
If you plan to build a marina, also complete and
attach Form DCM-MP-2.
b. Is the proposed activity maintenance of an
existing project, new work, or both?
c. Will the project be for community, private, or
commercial use?
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -sponsored
project (scientific research)
d. Describe the planned use of the project.
F.valnatinn of the ahnrt-_1-Prm pffprta of
_thin -layer rirFdgp anvil ripinaitinn nn
marsh ec oleo
4 LAND AND WATER
CHARACTERISTICS
a. Size of entire tract 14 arrpa
b. Size of individual lot(s) NA
c. Elevation of tract above mean sea level or
National Geodetic Vertical Datum
d. Soil type(s) and texture(s) of tract
Marsh with peat substrate
e. Vegetation on tract T„nr„a rnpmPri an tyS
,
Diatirhlia anirata TCnartin n tPna
b. City, town, community, or landmark
Gibbs Landing, Lake Landing Township .f-. Man-made features now on tract None
c. County Hyde Co.
d. Is proposed work within city limits or planning
.jurisdiction? NO
e. Name of body of water nearest project
Wysocking Bay
3 DESCRIPTION AND PLANNED USE
OF PROPOSED PROJECT
a. Describe all development activities you propose (for
example, building a home, motel, marina, bulkhead,
91' piCr). Experimental application of
cubic y s. o r g materra onto
Qui—
sq. yds. sq. meters of marshland
g. What is the CAMA Land Use Plan Classification of
the site? (Consult the local land use plan.)
X Conservation Transitional
Developed _ Community
Rural Other
h. How is the tract zoned by local government?
i. How are adjacent waters classified?
SA
j. Hasa professional archaeological survey been
carried out for the tract? . Nn_ If so, by whom?
3/91

5 UPLAND DEVELOPMENT
Complete this section if the project includes any land
development. ,
a. Type and number of buildings, facilities, or
structures proposed NA
b. Number of lotsorparcels NA
c. Density (Give the number of residential units and the
units per acre.) NA
d. Size of area to be graded or disturbed
NA
e. If the proposed project will disturb more than one
acre of land, the Division of Land Resources must
receive an erosion and sedimentation control plan at
least 30 days before land disturbing activity begins.
If applicable, has a sedimentation and erosion
control plan been submitted to the Division of Land
Resources?_ NA
f. Give the percentage of the tract within 75 feet of
mean high water to be covered by impermeable
surfaces, such as pavement buildings, rooftops.
NA
g. List the materials, such as marl, paver stone, asphalt,
or concrete, to be usseAd for paved surfaces.
h. If applicable, has a stormwater management plan
been submitted to the Division of Environmental
Management? NA
i. Describe proposed sewage disposal and/or waste
water treatment facilities.
NA
j. Have these facilities received state or local approval?
NA
k. Describe existing treatment facilities. It
NA
1. Describe location and type of discharges to waters of
the state (for example, surface runoff, sanitary
wastewater, industrial/commercial effluent, "wash
down"). NA
in. Water supply source
n. If the project is oceanfront development, describe
the steps that will be taken to maintain established
public beach accessways or provide new access.
o. If the project is on the oceanfront, what will be the
elevation above mean sea level of the first habitable
Hoot? NA
6 EXCAVATION AND FILL
INFORMATION
a. Describe below the purpose of proposed excavation
or fill activities (excluding bulkheads, which are
covered in Section 7).
Access channel
(MLW) or WWL)
Boat basin
Other (break-
water, pier,
boat ramp,
rocketty) WkIR ELYVeL
ktcartllm
Fill placed in
wetland or below
MHW
Upland fill
areas
Length Width Depth
0 5)dS
2.2 yd
;
(2# m)
(2 m)
5 ryY'> e 33
b. Amount of material to be excavated from below
water level in cubic yards 3 cubic vds.
c. Typeofmaterial silt & organic material
d. Does the area to be excavated include marshland,
swamps, or other wetlands?
c. High ground excavation, in cubic yards
None
3/91

f. Dimensions of spoil disposal area
52.5 sa. vds.
g. Location of spoil disposal area Marsh adjacent
to access canal at Gibbs Landing
h. Do you claim title to the disposal area? No
If not, attach a letter granting permission from the
owner.
Will a disposal area be available for future
maintenance? NA
If so, where?
j. Does the disposal area include any marshland,
swamps, or water areas?
Marshlands
k. Will the fill material be placed below mean high
water? No
1. Amount of fill in cubic yards NA
m: Type of fill material NA
n. Source of fill material NA
o. Will fill material be placed on marsh or other
wetlands? Yes
p. Dimensions of the wetland to be filled
52.5 sa vds
q. How will excavated or fill material be kept on site
and erosion controlled?
IZ sq. yds. plots will be delimited
wi x lumber
r. What type of construction equipment will be used
(for example, dragline, backhoe, or hydraulic
dredge)?. suction Pump powered by R_Hp
gasoline motor
s. Will wetlands be 4ssed in transporting equipment
to project site? . If yes, explain steps that will
be takentolessen enLvironmental impacts.
ti 40 a �4. Fe w
Vrwt e0--y Ak--* +o Aep za, i• n/ bs
ha MA.
7 SHORELINE STABILIZATION
a. Length of bulkhead or riprap
b. Average distance waterward of mean high water or
normal water level NA
c. Shoreline erosion during preceding 12 months, in
rpm NA
d. Type of bulkhead material
e. Amount of fill, in cubic yards, to be placed below
mean high water NA
f. Type of fill material
8 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
In addition to the completed application form, the follow-
ing items must be submitted:
A copy of the deed (with state application only) or other
instrument under which the applicant claims title to the
affected property. If the applicant is not claiming to be
the owner of said property, then forward a copy of the
deed or other instrument under which the owner claims
title, plus written permission from the owner to carry out
the pmjecL
An accurate work plat (including plan view and cross
sectional drawings) drawn to scale in black ink on an 8
1/2 x 11 white paper. (Refer to Coastal Resources
Commission Rule 710203 for a detailed description.)
Please note that original drawings are preferred and
only high quality copies will be accepted. Blue -line
prints or other larger plats are acceptable only if 18 high
quality copies are provided by applicant. (Contact the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers regarding that agency's
use of larger drawings.) A site or location map is a part
of plat requirements and it must be sufficiently detailed
to guide agency personnel unfamiliar with the area to the
site. Include county road (SR) numbers, landmarks, and
the like.
A stormw•ater management plan, if applicable, that
may have been developed in consultation with the
Division of Environmental Management.
A list of the names and complete addresses of the
adjacent waterfront (riparian) landowners. These
individuals have 30 days in which to submit comments
on the proposed project to the Division of Coastal
Management and should be advised by the applicant of
that opportunity.

Name Leon Ballance
Address Rt 1 Bo�1��
FngPlhard NC 27824
Name
Address
Name
Address
A list of previous state or federal permits issued for
work on the project tract. Include permit numbers,
permittee, and issuing dates.
A check for $250 made payable to the Department of
Environment, Health, and Natural Resources to cover
the costs of processing the application.
A signed AEC hazard notice for projects in oceanfront
and inlet areas.
A statement on the use of public funds. If the project
involves the expenditure of public funds, attach a state-
ment documenting compliance with the North Carolina
Environmental Policy Act (N.C.G.S. 113A-1 to 10).
9 CERTIFICATION AND PERMISSION
TO ENTER ON LAND
Any permit issued in response to this application will
allow only the development described in the application.
The project will be subject to conditions and restrictions
contained in the permit.
I certify that to the best of my knowledge, the proposed
activity complies with the State of North Carolina's ap-
proved Coastal Management Program and will be con-
ducted in a manner consistent with such program.
I further certify that I.am authorized to grant, and do in
fact, grant permission to representatives of state and
federal review agencies to enter on the aforementioned
lands in connection with evaluating information related
to this permit application and follow-up monitoring of
project.
This is the _2_�_dayof PAAru�u 19.
X D'InniI -R. 6r✓
Landowner or Authorized agent
3/91

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Figure 1. Vincity map for the proposed work near Wysocking Bay, North Carolina, with
project location noted. Source: Hyde County Map, pg. 74-75, North Carolina County Maps,
C. I Puetz, County Maps, Lyndon Station, WI, 53944.

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Table 1. Location co-ordinates for experimental plots. Distances
are measured from a wooden survey stake placed at the seaward
side of the conjunction of the main canal (from which dredged
material will be excavated) and a dead-end canal perpendicular to
main canal. The stake is 109.5 m (359.2 ft) from the southeastern
abutment a bridge on S.R. 1117 at Gibb's Landing, Hyde County,
N.C. This location was chosen to facilitate re -location of the
survey plots in the field.
Distance
along the
Distance
from the
canal to
a point
canal to
the NE
perpendicular to the
corner of
the
plots
experimental
plot
M
FT
M
FT
PLOT
#
1
16.2
53.1
19.8
64.9
PLOT
#
2
34.2
112.2
20.3
66.6
PLOT
#
3
49.1
161.0
22.7
74.5
PLOT
#
4
62.9
206.3
21.4
70.2
PLOT
#
5
70.8
232.2
21.6
70.8
PLOT
#
6
84.4
276.8
22.6
74.1
PLOT
#
7
97.8
320.8
25.5
83.6
PLOT
#
8
115.6
379.2
30.4
99.7
PLOT
#
9
124.3
407.7
23.1
75.8
PLOT
#
10
133.6
438.2
18.8
61.7
PLOT
#
11
151.7
497.6
17.9
58.7
PLOT
4
12
162.4
532.7
21.7
71.2
PLOT
#
13
176.8
579.9
22.6
74.1
PLOT
#
14
196.1
643.2
20.1
65.9
PLOT
#
15
211.7
694.4
24.6
80.7
PLOT
#
16
222.7
730.5
23.6
77.4
For the actual distance from the bridge to the points on the
canal that are perpendicular to the experimental plots, add
109.5 m (359.2 ft) to these values.

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APR 2 7 1992
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF THIN -LAYER DISPOSAL OF
DREDGED MATERIALS ON A JUNCUS ROEMERIANUS MARSH ON WYSOCKING
BAY, NORTH CAROLINA
A proposal to the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
Waterways Experiment Station, Coastal Ecology Group
Submitted through the University of North Carolina Office of Sea Grant
by
Joseph J. Luczkovich
David B. Knowles
Principal Investigators
Institute for Coastal and Marine Resources and
Department of Biology
East Carolina University
Greenville, NC 27858
Amount requested: $ 29,997
Charles E. Bland, Ph. D.
Chairman, Department of Biology
Diane M. Jacobs, Ph. D.
Associate Vice Chancellor for Research
William H. Queen, Ph. D.
Director, ICMR
Carolyn fiampton, Ph. D.
Assistant Dean for Research

SEA GRANT PROJECT SUMMARY
Title: Experimental Analysis of the Effects of Thin -layer Disposal of Dredged
Materials on a Juncus roemerianus Marsh on Wysocking Bay, North
Carolina
P. I.: Joseph J. Luczkovich and David B. Knowles
Affiliation: Department of Biology and Institute for Coastal and Marine Resources,
East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858
Funds Requested: $ 29,997
Objectives- The objective of the proposed research is to determine the effects of
thin -layer dredge disposal on marsh flora and fauna.
Methodology: Dredged materials will be deposited in three different thicknesses (2, 4,
and 10 cm) on 2 X 2 in experimental plots established in a Juncus
marsh. Sixteen experimental plots will be established with four
replicates for each thickness, and four unaltered controls. Samples of
marsh vegetation, invertebrates, and fishes will be taken before and after
dredge deposition at bi-monthly intervals to determine mortality of
plants and the recolonization processes of animals.
Rationale: Impacts of deposition of dredged materials must be understood if proper
disposal procedures are to be established. One disposal procedure, thin -
layer disposal, may have no negative impact if the layer of dredged
material applied is sufficiently thin. This experimental study will
determine the thickness at which the dredged material begins to cause
detectable changes in marsh flora and fauna.
Suggested Peer
Reviewers: Dr. Grant Gilmore Dr. Steve Broome
Department of Fish Biology Department of Soil Science
Harbor Branch Oceanographic NC State University
Ft Pierce, FL 34946 Raleigh, NC 27695
[phone] [phone]

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF THIN -LAYER DISPOSAL OF
DREDGED MATERIALS ON A JUNCUS ROEMERIANUS MARSH ON WYSOCKING
BAY, NORTH CAROLINA
Joseph J. Luczkovich, Visiting Assistant Professor/Assistant Scientist, Department of Biology
and Institute for Coastal and Marine Resources, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
27858
David B. Knowles, Lecturer, Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville,
NC, 27858
INTRODUCTION
Disposal of sediments dredged from navigation canals and channels is a problem for the
Army Corps of Engineers and estuarine managers (National Research Council, 1985).
Currently, dredged sediments are deposited in upland areas as landfill, made into dredge spoil
islands, or used as beach renourishment sources (Parnell and Soots, 1974; Reilly and Bellis,
1983; National Research Council, 1985). Unless specially permitted, disposal of dredge spoil
in surrounding wetlands is prohibited under provisions of Section 404 of the 1977 Clean
Water Act Amendments. Additionally, dredge spoil disposal is not allowed in certain high
quality estuarine waters (Section 401 of the Clean Water Act Amendments). Because of these
requirements, disposal of dredged materials can be quite costly.
One alternative for the disposal of dredged material that is currently being evaluated by the
Army Corps of Engineers is its deposition in a "thin -layer" on the adjoining marsh surface (P.
Wilber, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS,
personal communication). The term "thin -layer" has not been adequately defined; dredge
operators claim that "thin layer' is 2" (5 cm) deep with the JETSPRAY barge -mounted,
high-pressure hydraulic dredge that slurries bottom sediments before spraying them onto the
marsh along both sides of a canal, but this depth is somewhat variable (P. Wilber, personal
communication). More importantly, the depth to which sediment and dredged materials can be
applied to a marsh without an effect on the biota is unknown. If the community composition
of plants and animals remain unaltered by "thin -layer" deposition, the spraying of dredged
materials onto wetlands may supplant costly and logistically difficult transport to upland areas
for deposition. Ecological studies that examine the effects of "thin -layer" deposition inF
existing marshes are few (Knowles and Luczkovich, in prep.).
1

Studies of natural and human -induced disturbances may provide some information concerning
the changes in plant and animal communities due to deposition of dredge spoil in and around
saltmarshes (Woodhouse, et al. 1972, Parnell and Soots, 1974; Eleuterius and Caldwell 1981;
Lewis 1982; LaSalle et al. 1991; Moy and Levin 1991). Unfortunately, many of these marsh -
related dredge -disposal studies were done outside of existing marshes; many were in created
marshland on spoil islands (see review in Parnell and Soots, 1974). However, in at least one
instance, a study of the impacts associated with dredged sediment materials deposited in an
irregularly flooded Juncus roemerianus marsh in North Carolina was done (Kuenzler and
Marshall, 1973). In this case, mosquito ditches were created and the dredged materials were
placed in relatively deep spoil piles along the bank of the ditches. The spoil piles were
colonized by ten species of marsh and shrubby plant species, including Juncus roemerianus,
Distichlis spicata, Spartina patens, Iva frutescens, Baccharis halimifolia, and BmWchia
frutescens. Presumably the original marsh vegetation was killed. Knowles (1989) studied the
effects of storm -induced marsh plant wrack deposition, a natural disturbance, to a Juncus
roemerianus marsh in North Carolina, and reported that recolonization of marsh plant species
depended upon hydroperiod, with the most rapid recolonization occurring after 2 years on
elevated sites with a short hydroperiod. Species re -colonizing these naturally disturbed areas
were Juncus roemerianus, Distichlis spicata (at long hydroperiod sites), and Juncus,
Distichlis, Panicum virgatum, and Pluchea purpurascens at the higher sites (short
hydroperiod).
The direct effects of "thin -layer" dredged material disposal are not known because 1) few
"thin -layer" disposal projects have been permitted in the past and 2) biological studies have
not been done with adequate pre- and post -dredge sampling. The only study of the biological
effects to date is our recent survey at Lake Landing Canal, near Wysocking Bay, NC, which
occurred approximately nine years after the dredging of the canal and the "thin layer' disposal
of the dredged materials on the adjacent Juncus marsh. Unfortunately, this study lacks
baseline biological sampling, so that differences among sprayed and unsprayed areas could be
be attributed to natural variation and not to dredging (Knowles and Luczkovich, in prep.). An
experimental study with pre- and post- dredging biological sampling is required to adequately
separate the effects of thin -layer dredged materials deposition from site -to -site variation in
plant and animal species composition and Juncus production. In this study, we propose to
experimentally investigate the effects of thin -layer dredged material disposal on organisms in
an irregularly flooded Juncus marsh in North Carolina.
Site History
A Juncus roemerianus-dominated marsh near Wysocking Bay, NC has been selected as a
study site (Figure 1). Thin -layer disposal was permitted previously in a different Juncus
ON)

marsh on Lake Landing Canal on Wysocking Bay iri February 1982 using the JETSPRAY
system, the first site in the nation to be so treated. In a recent survey of that site (October -
November 1991), significantly lower plant biomass, lower stem density, higher elevation,
higher bulk density of soils, and different plant community composition were found in areas
that had been sprayed with dredged materials than in nearby reference areas (Knowles and
Luczkovich, in prep). These effects were especially large at a site where deposition was
relatively thick (20 cm), although smaller effects were observed at a site that received thinner
deposition (5 cm). These deposition levels were variable and measured imprecisely in 1982
and no biological sampling was conducted at the time of the dredging operation. The 1991
surveys were made in the same general areas as the deposition area, based on eyewitness
accounts (Personal Communication, David Gossett, North Carolina Division of Coastal
Management). .
Hypotheses
In order to ascertain the short-term effects of thin -layer dredge spoil deposition in a Juncus
roemerianus-dominated marsh, we will vary sediment depth experimentally in replicate
treatment plots. The depth treatments of the plots will be 2 cm, 4 cm, 10 cm above the
existing marsh surface. Sediment deposition to these depths is within the range of depths
possible during thin -layer dredging operations due to the imprecision of the dredging
equipment in applying dredge spoil evenly across the marsh. An important consideration that
will require long-term monitoring is the effect of repeated depositional events on the same
marsh as canals accumulate additional sediments and require periodic dredging; it is beyond
the scope of this study to address the issue of repeated deposition events. Based on
knowledge of other irregularly flooded marsh systems (Knowles, 1989; Brinson, in press), we .
established the following hypotheses to be tested:
Hypothesis 1: Juncus roemerianus mortality (shoot density) increases (or survival decreases)
with depth of deposition of dredged materials. Increased depth of dredged material imposes
additional stress on Juncus roemerianus, a species that is intolerant to disturbances which
may depress its leaves to the marsh surface (Knowles 1989).• 1
Hypothesis 2: Juncus roemerianus productivity, (biomass added/unit time) decreases with
depth of dredged materials. Physiological stresses imposed by the deposition of dredged.
material may slow the growth rate of newly emerged Juncus roemerianus leaves and increase
senescence of older, standing leaves.
i]

N A T A M U S K E E T
C
I"-�
Bann+
Figure 1. Vincity map for the proposed work near Wysocking Bay, North Carolina, with
project location noted. Source: Hyde County Map, pg. 74-75, North Carolina County Maps,
C. J. Puetz, County Maps, Lyndon Station, WI, 53944.
4

Hypothesis 3: Community composition (expressed as shoot density and biomass of the
constituent plant species and their relative abundance) changes with depth of dredged
materials:
Juncus roemerianus declines
Distichlis spicata increases
Spartina patens increases
Spartina alterniflora increases
i.e., if Juncus roemerianus declines, sub -dominant species may no longer be held in check by
competition.
Hypothesis 4: The seed bank in the dredged material will introduce more competitor species,
namely Phragmites sp., in the experimental plots. What -species are present in the seed bank
in the dredged material? Is Phragmites sp., generally considered to be a pestilent species,
present in the seed bank? Phragmites sp. has been observed to colonize disturbed areas in
freshwater and brackish marshes in North Carolina and elsewhere along the eastern coastal
marshes (Phillips 1987, LaSalle, et al. 1991). It may outcompete and displace Juncus
roemerianus and other species now present on at the study site. Phragmites sp. is present
along Lake Landing canal further inland, thus a potential seed source exists within the
drainage area of the canal.
Hypothesis 5: The organic fraction (%) of surface sediment will decline with increases in
dredge spoil depth. Changes in the proportion of organic to inorganic soil within the
depositional area should initially increase the relative fraction of inorganic soil; will this
increase still be evident at the end of the study or will the dredged material assimilate into the
pre-existing surface sediments?
Hvpothesis 6: Fish and invertebrate abundance declines with increasing dredge material
depth. Fish and invertebrate utilization of the marsh may be impeded by increased marsh
surface elevation, thus decreased hydroperiod.
Hypothesis 7: Marsh surface elevation will increase with dredge spoil deposition. Will the
elevated marsh surfaces created by the depositional treatments be maintained throughout the
duration of the study? Some settling and compaction of the dredge spoil may occur during
the course of the study.
Hypothesis 8: Hydroperiod declines as marsh surface elevation increases due to the
application of dredge spoil. Hydoperiod is an important forcing function in irregularly
flooded marshes affecting plant and animal species composition, plant productivity, and soil
chemistry. _ ,
P

OBJECTIVES
The objective of the study is to determine the effects of three layers of dredged materials
spoil deposition on the plant, invertebrate, and fish communites present in the Juncus marsh
at the Wysocking Bay site. We will complete the set-up of,the experiment, sample the plant
invertebrate and fish communities present at the site before and after dredge placement within
each experimental plot, and determine any changes in these communities associated with
dredged material deposition during the year following the award of money. If money and time
are available in future years, the sampling will be repeated to determine the colonization of
the treated marsh plots by plants and any changes in the animal communities over a long-term
basis.
METHODOLOGY
Experimental plots will be 2.0 in X 2.0 in, 20 - 30 in away from the edge of a canal that
parallels Lake Landing Canal, but that has not been dredged for at least a decade (Figure 2).
This canal is not large enough to be used regularly by commercial fishing boats but has been
used occasionally as an alremate.access canal to Wysocking Bay. Sediments in the canal are a
mixture of inorganic silt with particulate organic matter (POM) and macro -organic matter
(MOM). Sixteen plots will be established approximately 10 in apart, but selectively placed in
stands of Juncus roemerianus with similar composition of subdominant plants (Distichlis
spicata, and/or Spartina patens). After initial samples have been taken, sediments from the
canal bottom will be hydraulically moved with a portable trash pump. The dredged material
will be pumped onto each of the plots to the desired nominal depths of 2 cm, 4 cm, and 10
cm, with four replicate plots per treatment..There will be four unaltered control plots. The
sediment will be held within the treatment plots to the desired height by wooden barrier
around the perimeter. Each plot will be measured for elevation after initial deposition. A
surveyor's stadia rod will be systematically placed at 10 locations within each plot to
ascertain slight variations in depositional depth. Deposition of materials will begin sometime
early in the growing season (March 1992 - October 1992) for Juncus marshes in North
Carolina. The experimental design is a one -factor randomized block design, with four
replicate blocks arranged horizontally along the canal. Within each of the four blocks, the
four treatments are represented (Figure 3). ,
Vegetation mortality and Productivity
A "permanent" 1 mz quadrant of each 4 m2 experimental plot will be sampled using non-
destructive sampling techniques thus enabling long-term monitoring (Figure 3). Four 20-cm
X 20-cm quadrats will be established within this quadrant for non-destructive sampling.
Changes in species composition, mean leaf length of Juncus roemerianus, and shoot density
may be tracked during this study and in subsequent years. Measurements will be taken prior
to deposition of dredge material (March er.April 1992) and at bi-monthly intervals thereafter.
In the remaining portion of the plots samples will be harvested prior to deposition of dredged
materials at the beginning of the growing season (March or April 1992) and at bi-monthly
6

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the canal.
7

Flo
❑ 2
Block 1
❑ 4
❑ 10
Block 2
EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS (2 m X 2 m)
CANAL
Depth of dredged material in cm
❑ DETAIL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLOT
2
❑ o Permanent quadrant
❑ 4
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❑ 10
❑ o
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❑ o
❑ 2
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® 2.0 m
❑ •
20 cm X 20 cm quadrat
❑ = clipped plots/fish traps
• = core samples
= pitfall trap
Figure 3. A diagram of the experimental design and a representative plot showing sample
locations within a plot.
0

intervals during the growing season (June 1992, August 1992, and October 1992). Plant
biomass, shoot density, and stem length will be measured in 4 randomly chosen 20 cm X 20
cm quadrats out of a possible 75 quadrats by harvesting all above -ground vegetation (Figure
3). The ratio of live (green) leaf length to senescent (yellow or brown) leaf material will be
compared as an indicator of plant vigor.
We will tag 10 Juncus roemerianus leaves in the permanent quadrant with numbered tygon
tubing rings and measure changes in leaf length (i.e., productivity) at bi-monthly intervals., In
ordei to tag age -specific cohorts, only newly emerged leaves (< 30 cm) will be tagged. All
cohorts will be harvested at the end of the study for biomass comparisons.
Seed bank and sediment analysis of dredge material
Subsamples of the dredged material will taken to a greenhouse and seed -bank experiments
will be conducted to determine if viable seeds are being introduced to the treatment sites via
dredge deposition. Additionally, the composition of the dredged sediment will be
characterized for particle size and organic content.
Organic fraction of soil and maintenance of dredged material depth in experimental
--plots
Bulk density and percent loss on ignition will be measured soon after deposition (after the
dredged material has settled) and at the end of the field phase of the study (October 1992).
Depth of the dredged material will be periodically measured to determine. whether_ the dredged
material becomes compacted or removed from the experimental plots by flood events.
Invertebrate colonization of dredge material
Invertebrate samples will be taken with a 3-inch (7.5-cm) diameter PVC core sampler at five
randomly selected 20 X 20 cm sample locations within a plot (Figure 3). The core sampler
will be pushed down 5-cm into the marsh surface. The core sampler will be placed around
any'marsh vegetation extending above the marsh surface. Water, plants, and, sediments will be
retained in a 500 µ mesh sieve in the field. All samples will then be preserved by adding 10
% buffered formalin and rose bengal stain. Later in the laboratory, the samples, will be
picked -,,sorted and identified. Cores will be taken prior to the addition of dredged materials,
one month after the deposition of dredged materials and bimonthly therafter until the end of
the growing season (October -November 1992). Larger invertebrates (e.g., fiddler crabs, Uca
sp.) will be collected in two pitfall traps at each plot (see Fish Utilization below).
9

Fish utilization of experimental plots
Fish traps (two per 2 in x 2 in experimental plot) designed for use in irregularly flooded
Juncus roemerianus-dominated marshes (Figure 4) will be placed in the two of the clipped
20X 20 cm regions in the destructive sampling zone (see Figure 3). These inexpensive traps
(made from PVC for the -frame and covered with 1-min mesh fiberglass screening) have an
elongated vertical opening (2-cm wide) through which fish can enter no matter what the level
of the water on the marsh. These traps have been used previously by us at this site and at
other irregularly flooded marshes to capture fishes effectively. In addition, two pitfall traps
(20-cm diameter, 15-cm deep) per experimental plot will be placed in the 20-cm X 20-cm
region from which initial core samples will be taken. Traps will be checked on a bi-monthly
basis after being left in place for 24 hours at each site. Fish and macroinvertebrates will be
identified to species and enumerated.
Marsh elevation and hydroperiod
A water level recorder will be placed at the study site to provide a continuous record of
hydroperiod for the duration of the study. Elevation of all experimental plots at the end of
the study (November 1992) will be determined using standard topographic levelling
techniques. Elevations will be measured in each plot within two months of sediment
deposition and at the end of the growing season. By comparing plot elevations to water level
records we will be able to determine the surface flooding regime of each experimental plot.
EXPECTED RESULTS
If dredge spoil deposition imposes additional stresses on the plant community, stress tolerant
species may replace those species that are more intolerant of additional stress. Based on
observations at Cedar Island marsh, Juncus roemerianus responds negatively (increased
mortality) to disturbance, especially in locations experiencing long hydroperiods. In these sites
Distichlis spicata appears to be the principal replacement species. At more elevated sites;
Spartina patens and the dicot species Borrichia frutescens and Pluchea purpurascens become
more prevalent. These changes may not be evident during the first growing season following
dredge spoil deposition, but may be quantified during subsequent visits to the site if
permanent experimental plots are maintained. We will, therefore, focus our plant community
studies on plant mortality and differential survival rates among plant species and among
treatments of dredge spoil depositional depths.
Physiological stress resulting from spoil deposition would decrease Juncus roemerianus
productivity. However, if the above -ground shoot density of Juncus roemerianus is reduced,
new shoots may experience more vigorous growth due to the application of the mineral
sediments.
FSC

20 cm
75 cm
PVC pipe
i screening
Figure 4. A diagram of the fish traps to be used in the study. The traps remain open to -fish at
any water level on the marsh. Two traps will be placed on each experimental plot and the
trapped fish removed 24 hours laWr with a dipnet or by lifting the trap from the water.
11

If viable seeds are being introduced to the experimental plots, they may not germinate under
natural marsh conditions. Thus, these seeds probably will not contribute to the colonization of
any denuded areas. Seed germination by the principal plant species on peat substrates has
been rarely observed except under very specific germination conditions (i.e. no silt, reduced
salinity, and no shading) (Knowles 1989). If, however, enough sport material is deposited
such that hydroperiod is shortened and sufficient rainfall reduces soil salinity, Borrichia
frutescens, Pluchea purpurascens, and Phragmites sp. may colonize denuded sites if seeds of
these species are in the deposition material.
As this dredge material settles or is possibly relocated by flood events, differences among all
plots based on soil composition and elevation may be moderated. Wheredeposition of
dredged material is thin these differences should be less; more exaggerated differences should
be evident where deposition is thicker.
Fish and invertebrates are predicted to decrease with increased deposition of dredged material.
The length of the hydroperiod is likely to be shorter for the plots with 10 cm of dredged
material than with 0 cm, with 2 cm and 4 cm falling in between. Because fish and
invertebrates are highly mobile, they will probably move on and off the plots, and the marsh
surface, in response to changes in water level. It may be necessary to remove all or a portion
of the wooden barriers around the plots after the dredged material has settled to prevent
trapping of fish and invertebrates behind the barriers.
RELEVANCE TO NORTH CAROLINA
There is a need to maintain navigable canals for boat traffic near marshes and wetlands in
North Carolina. Such waterways provide access to coastal waters for commercial and
recreational fishermen, boaters, and commercial transportation, and are thus important in
North Carolina's coastal economy. Many such waterways pass through a wetland or marsh,
and the bulk of these (40,700 ha, or 63 W of the total area of coastal marshes) are Juncus
roemerianus marshes in North Carolina (Wilson, 1962). Existing regulations in North
Carolina under the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) prohibit the deposition of fill or
dredged materials in a marsh and requite transport of any dredged materials to an upland site.
Such transport is expensive, cumbersome, and may create additional ecological disturbance.
Thin -layer dredge disposal, if demonstrated to cause little or no ecological disturbance to the
marsh, would significantly reduce costs and disturbance to other upland areas. Thin -layer
dredged materials disposal was pemutted in North Carolina in 1982 near the proposed
Wysocking Bay site, the first site in the nation to be so treated. This study would determine if
the effects of thin -layer disposal causes a reduction in plant production, a change in plant
communities, invertebrate abundances, or fish utilization of saltmarsh habitats. The data will
be useful to coastal zone managers and regulators in North Carolina- The proposed research
will determine the extent to which marshes and dredging activity can coexist in North
Carolina's productive coastal zone. - ' --
12

RELEVANCE TO OTHER WORK
There are few descriptive studies of the effects thin -layer deposition and no experimental
studies on this technique. Most previous work of dredging effects on marsh organisms has
concerned the colonization of dredge -spoil islands (Eleuterius and Caldwell, 1981; Cammen,
1976; LaSalle et al., 1991). Typically, these dredge -spoil islands sites were colonized by
Spartina alterniflora in the intertidal zone and Spartina patens, Distichlis spicata or Scirpus
robustus at higher elevations (Eleuterius and Caldwell, 1981; LaSalle et al., 1991). In one site
in Mississippi, Juncus roemerianus became dominant after 10-20 years (Eleuterius and
Caldwell, 1981). Phragmites australis colonized higher elevation sites on South Carolina
dredge spoil islands (LaSalle et al, 1991).
Long-term effects of thin layer disposal are poorly known, because the first such attempts at
thin -layer dredge disposal took place in the 1980's in North Carolina. Our recent survey of
the fast site treated with thin -layer dredge spoil addition suggests that there are some long-
term effects on plant biomass and community composition especially where sediment
accumulation was deep (Knowles and Luczkovich, in prep). Future work should be directed
at determining the no -effect depths of deposition in other locations, in tidal Spartina spp.
marshes, with different sediment types comprising the dredged materials, and the effects of
repeated application of the dredged materials on the same marsh.
13

REFERENCES
Brinson, M.M. (ed.). In press. Ecology of an Irregularly Flooded Brackish Marsh in Coastal
North Carolina. Open File Report, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington D.C.
Cammen, L. M. 1976. Macroinvertebrate colonization of Spartina marshes artifically established
on dredge spoil. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 4: 357-372.
Christian, R.R., W.B. Bryant, Jr., and M.M. Brinson. 1990. Juncus roemerianus production and
decomposition along gradients of salinity and hydroperiod. Marine Ecology Progress Series
68:137-145.
Eleuterius, L.N. and J.D. Caldwell. 1981. Colonization patterns of tidal marsh plants and
vegetational succession on dredge spoil in Mississippi. Pages 58-73 in R.H. Stovall (ed.),
Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Conference on Wetland Restoration and Creation.
Hillsborough Community College, Tampa, Florida, USA.
Hook, P.B. 1988. Influence of hydrology and related variables on primary productivity along an
environmental gradient in an irregularly flooded brackish marsh. M.S. Thesis, East Carolina
University, Greenville, North Carolina. 234 pp.
Knowles, D.B. 1989. Vegetation patterns and wrack -initiated disturbance in a nontidal brackish
marsh in North Carolina. M.S. Thesis. East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina. 134
PP•
Knowles, D. B. and J. J. Luczkovich. In preparation. Changes in the community structure of a
Juncus roemerianus-dominated marsh nine years after thin -layer deposition of dredged material.
Paper in the Society of Wetlands Scientists Annual Meeting Program, to be presented in New
Orleans June 1992.
Knowles, D.B., W.L. Bryant, and E.C. Pendleton. In press. Wrack as an agent of disturbance in
an irregularly flooded brackish marsh. In M.M. Brinson (ed.), Ecology of an Irregularly Flooded
Brackish Marsh in Coastal North Carolina. Open File Report, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Washington D.C.
Kuenzler, E. J. and H. L. Marshall. 1973. Effects of mosquito control ditching on estuarine
ecosystems. Water Resoureces Research Institute of the University of North Carolina, Report 81.
Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. 83 pp.
LaSalle, M.W., M.C. Landin, and J.G.Sims. 1991. Evaluation of the flora and fauna of a Spartina
alterniflora marsh established on dredged material in Winyah Bay, South Carolina. Wetlands
11(2):191-208.
Lewis, R.R. 111. 1982. Restoration of a Needlerush (Juncus roemerianus Scheele) I Marsh
Following Interstate Highway Construction II. Results after 22 months. Pages 69-83 in F.J. Webb
(ed.), Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Conference on Wetland Restoration and Creation.
Hillsborough Community College, Tampa, Florida, USA.
14

Moy, L.D. and L.H. Levin. 1991. Are Spartina marshes a replaceable resource? A functional
approach to evaluation of marsh creation efforts. Estuaries 14(1): 1-16.
National Research Council. 1985. Dredging Coastal Ports: An assessment of the issues. National
Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 212 pp.
Parnell, J. F. And R. F. Soots. '1975. Proceedings of a conference on management of dredge
islands in North Carolina Estuaries. UNC Sea Grant Program Publication No.: UNC-SG-75-01.
141 pp.
Phillips, J.D. 1987. Shoreline processes and establishment of Phragmites australis in a coastal
plain estuary. Vegetatio 71:139-144.
Reilly, Francis J., Jr. and Vincent J. Bellis. The ecological impact of beach nourishment with
dredged materials on the intertidal zone at Bogue Banks, North Carolina. U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers Miscellaneous Report No. 83-3. 74 pp.
Wilson, K. A. 1962. North Carolina wetlands: their distribution and management. North Carolina
Wildlife Resources Commission, Raleigh, NC. 169 pp.
Woodhouse, W.W., Jr., E.D. Seneca, and S.W. Broome. 1972. Marsh building with dredge spoil
in North Carolina. Agricultural Experiment Station, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
North Carolina, USA. Bulletin 445. 28.pp.
15

WORK SCHEDULE
1992 1993
PROJECT ACTIVITIES MAR - MAY JUN -AUG SEP -NOV DEC -FEB
f. OBTAIN CAMA PERMIT
2. BUY SUPPLIES
i
3. SET UP EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS
4.TAKE PREDREDGE SAMPLES
5. PUMP DREDGE SPOIL ON PLOTS
6. TAKE POSTDREDGE SAMPLES
7. ANALYZE SAMPLES IN LABORATORY
8.PREPARE REPORTS
PROJECTED BUDGET
$ 7,499
$7,499
$7,499
$7,500

HOAR FORM 90-/ NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC T OF COMMERCE
U-7f1 ADMINISTRATION
SEA GRANT BUDGET
FORM APPROVED:
O.M.B. NO. 41-R2779
EXPIRES: 12-31_e1
GRANTEE
East Carolina University
Greenville, NC 27858
GRANT/PROJECT NUMBER
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS
Joseph J. Luczkovich
David B. Knowles
DURATION (menrh.)
12 months
1992 - 1993
A. SALARIES AND WAGES
1. SENIOR PERSONNEL
MAN -MONTHS
SEA GRANT FUNDS
GRANTEE SNARE
a. (Co) Principal In ve sti ar or
2
7,222
b. Associates (Faeult r staff)
2
6 000
Sub Total
13,222
2. OTHER PERSONNEL
a. Professionals
b. Research associates
e. Research asst. grad. students
d. Prof. school students
e. Pre -Sac. students
f. Secretarial -clerical
g. Technical -shop
h.
Total Salaries and Wages
15,722
B. FRINGE BENEFITS (*Ten charged as direct cut)
3,006
Total Salaries, Wages, and Fringe Benefits (A and B)
8, 8
C. PERMANENT EOUIPMENT
D. EXPENDABLE SUPPLIES AND EOUIPMENT
E. TRAVEL
1 . Domestic - U. S. and its Possessiuns (Inc. Puerto Rico) ).
I
2. International 2.
I
Total Travel
is
F. PUBLICATION AND DOCUMENTATION COSTS
G. OTHER COSTS
1. Computer Coats
250
2. Uommunications
3. Rental of Other Equipment
00
4•Fees for NCDCM CAMA permits
300
s.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Total Other Costs
TOTAL DIRECT COSTS fA throuah G)
23,928
INDIRECT COSTS
(On C.a.ov. 38.6 15,722
6,069
fOlt C.n u 9. of
-
Total Indirect Coat,
6,069
TOTAL COSTS
29,997
ROUNDED TO
29,997
t
HOAR FORM 90-4
17

CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME: Joseph J. Luczkovich
TELEPHONE: [phone] (office)
[phone] (home)
BORN: Scranton, PA on 6 July 1956
EDUCATION: 1987 - Ph.D. in Biological Science, The Florida State University,
Tallahassee, FL
1982 - M. S. in Ecology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey,
New Brunswick, NJ
1978 - B. S. in Biology, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA
EMPLOYMENT: 1990-92 - Visiting Assistant Professor/Assistant Scientist, East Carolina
University, Greenville, NC
1989-90 - Postdoctoral Research Associate, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, NC
1988-89 - Lecturer, Fisheries Department, Humboldt State University,
Arcata, CA
1987-88 - Postdoctoral Fellow, Harbor Branch Foundation, Fort Pierce, FL
PERTINENT
PUBLICATIONS: Luczkovich, J. J., G. Watters, and B. L. 011a. 1991. Seasonal variation in
usage of a common shelter resource by juvenile inquiline snailfish (Liparis
inquilinus) and red hake (Urophycis chuss) after settlement from the
plankton. Copeia 1991: 1104-1109.
Luczkovich, J. J. 1988. The role of prey detection in the selection of prey
by pinftsh Lagodon rhomboides (Linnaeus). J. Exper. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 123:
15-30.
Steiner, W. W., J. J. Luczkovich, and B. L. 011a. 1982. Activity, Shelter
Usage, Growth and Recruitment of Juvenile Red Hake Urophycis chuss.
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Set. 7: 125-135.
18

CURRICULUM VITAE .
NAME:
David B. Knowles
TELEPHONE:
[phone] (office)
[phone] (home)
BORN:
Wilson, NC on 11 May, 1956
EDUCATION:
1989 - M.S. in Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville; NC
1982 - Teaching Certification in Secondary School Education, Atlantic
Christian College (Barton College), Wilson, NC
1979 - B.S. in Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC
•
• EMPLOYMENT:
1991-1992 - Lecturer - Department of Biology, East Carolina University,
Greenville, NC
-
1989-1991 - Research Technician II - Institute for Coastal and Marine
Resources, Greenville, NC
1989- - Field Biologist - Coastal Zone Resources, Inc. (environmental
consultant), Wilmington, NC
1986-1989 Research Assistant/Teaching Assistant - Department of
Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
1982-1985 - Secondary School Teacher - Person County (NC) Public
School System, Roxboro, NC
PERTINENT
PUBLICATIONS:
Knowles, D.B. and Roger A. Rulifson. In Review. Development of a fish
protection device for lowhead hydroelectric sites. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service Technical Report.
Knowles, D.B. In press. Vegetation' analysis of Cedar Island marsh. In:
M.M. Brinson (editor). Ecology of a nontidal brackish marsh in North
Carolina. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Open File Report.
Knowles,, D.B., Wade L. Bryant, and Edward.Q. Pendleton. In Press.
Wrack as an agent of disturbance in an irregularly flooded brackish marsh.
In: M.M. Brinson (editor). Ecology of a nontidal brackish marsh -in North
Carolina. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Open File Report
19