Core Land Use Plan - Amended

TOWN OF ATLANTIC BEACH
CORE LAND USE PLAN
Adopted by the Atlantic Beach Town Council: April 21, 2008
Certified by the Coastal Resources Commission: July 24, 2008
As Amended and Re-certified by the
Coastal Resources Commission: March 25, 2010
and
As Amended and Re-certified by the
Coastal Resources Commission: October 26, 2018
and
As Amended and Re-certified by the
Coastal Resources Commission: April 4, 2019
and
As Amended and Re-certified by the
Coastal Resources Commission: January 28, 2021
Prepared by:
Town of Atlantic Beach Staff
and
Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Wilmington, North Carolina
The preparation of this document was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Town of Atlantic Beach -i- Core Land Use Plan
TOWN OF ATLANTIC BEACH
CORE CAMA LAND USE PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

PREFACE .............................................................................................. i
SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................... 1
SECTION 2. HISTORY............................................................................ 2
SECTION 3. REGIONAL SETTING ............................................................... 8
SECTION 4. ATLANTIC BEACH COMMUNITY CONCERNS AND ASPIRATIONS ............. 11
A. KEY ISSUES/DOMINANT GROWTH-RELATED ISSUES .................................. 11
B. TOWN OF ATLANTIC BEACH COMMUNITY VISION ..................................... 12
SECTION 5. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING AND EMERGING CONDITIONS ....................... 14
A. POPULATION, HOUSING, AND ECONOMY .............................................. 14
1. Atlantic Beach Permanent Population ........................................ 14
a. Eastern Carolina Council of Governments, Region P .............. 14
b. Seasonal Population .................................................... 19
c. Atlantic Beach Population Profile .................................... 20
d. Population Summary ................................................... 22
2. Housing ........................................................................... 23
a. Housing Occupancy and Tenure ...................................... 23
b. Structure Age ........................................................... 24
c. Housing Conditions ..................................................... 26
d. Single and Multi-Family Units ......................................... 26
e. Year Householder Moved into Unit ................................... 27
f. Housing Summary ....................................................... 27
3. Employment and Economy ..................................................... 28
a. Introduction (General Economic Indicators) ........................ 28
b. Household Income ...................................................... 28
c. Employment by Industry ............................................... 29
d. Earnings by Industry .................................................... 30
e. Employment Commuting Patterns .................................... 31
f. Non-Residential Construction Activity ............................... 32
g. Industries ................................................................ 33
h. Employment and Economy Summary ................................ 33
4. Population Projections ......................................................... 34
Town of Atlantic Beach -i- Core Land Use Plan
PAGE
B. NATURAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS ........................................................... 38
1. Mapping and Analysis of Natural Features ................................... 38
a. Topography/Geology ................................................... 38
b. Climate ................................................................... 43
c. Flood Zones .............................................................. 43
d. Man-Made Hazards/Restrictions ...................................... 49
e. Soils ....................................................................... 52
f. Water Supply ............................................................ 55
g. Fragile Areas and Areas of Environmental Concern ................ 58
i. Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shorelines ................ 59
ii. Public Trust Areas ............................................. 61
iii. Coastal Wetlands .............................................. 62
iv. Ocean Beaches/Shorelines and Areas of
Excessive Erosion .............................................. 66
v. Protected Lands and Significant Natural
Heritage Areas ................................................. 70
vi. Outstanding Resource Waters ................................ 72
h. Areas of Resource Potential ........................................... 73
i. Regionally Significant Parks .................................. 73
ii. Marinas and Mooring Fields ................................... 73
iii. Floating Homes or Structures ................................ 77
iv. Channel Maintenance ......................................... 77
v. Marine Resources (Water Quality) ........................... 78
vi. Primary Nursery Areas, Anadromous Fish Spawning
Areas, Submerged Aquatic Vegetation...................... 79
2. Environmental Composite Map ................................................ 80
3. Water Quality .................................................................... 85
a. White Oak River Basin Watershed .................................... 86
b. Subbasin 03-05-03 ...................................................... 88
c. Registered Animal Operations in the White Oak River Basin . . 89
d. Population, Population Densities, and Growth Trends ............ 89
C. ANALYSIS OF LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT .......................................... 90
1. Introduction ...................................................................... 90
2. Land Use in Relation to Water Quality ....................................... 90
3. Existing Land Use ................................................................ 93
a. Introduction ............................................................. 93
b. Residential Land Use ................................................... 98
c. Commercial Land Use ................................................ 100
d. Other Land Uses ...................................................... 101
e. Vacant Land ........................................................... 103
D. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING COMMUNITY FACILITIES/SERVICES ........................ 103
1. Transportation ................................................................. 103
2. Health Care .................................................................... 106
3. Law Enforcement .............................................................. 107
Town of Atlantic Beach -i- Core Land Use Plan
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4. Fire/Emergency Medical Services (EMS) ................................... 108
5. Administration ................................................................. 109
6. Water Supply ................................................................... 109
7. Wastewater Disposal .......................................................... 111
8. Solid Waste Disposal .......................................................... 113
9. Schools .......................................................................... 113
10. Recreation ...................................................................... 114
11. Electric Service ................................................................ 115
12. Telephone Service ............................................................. 115
13. Internet Service ............................................................... 115
14. Cellular Telephone/Paging Service ......................................... 116
15. Cable Television ............................................................... 116
16. Stormwater Management/Drainage ......................................... 116
a. Introduction ........................................................... 116
b. Erosion and Sedimentation .......................................... 116
c. EPA Regulations ....................................................... 117
d. Construction Activities ............................................... 118
e. North Carolina Shoreline Buffering ................................ 118
f. Stormwater Management/Drainage as Related
to Atlantic Beach ..................................................... 119
E. CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES, AND REGULATIONS.................................... 122
1. Review of the 1993 Atlantic Beach CAMA Land Use Plan Update . . . 122
2. Beach and Shoreline Regulations ............................................ 137
3. Buildings and Building Regulations .......................................... 137
4. Planning and Development ................................................... 137
5. Streets and Sidewalks ......................................................... 138
6. Subdivision and Pre-Development Regulations ............................ 138
7. Zoning ........................................................................... 138
8. NCDOT Transportation Improvement Program ............................ 140
9. Crystal Coast Area Long-Range Transportation Plan ..................... 141
10. Water Department Policies .................................................. 141
11. Marina Ordinance .............................................................. 141
12. Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance and Community Rating System
(Repetitive Loss) Plan ......................................................... 142
13. Mobile Homes and Mobile Home Park Ordinance ......................... 142
14. Recreational Vehicle Parks ................................................... 143
15. Carteret County Emergency Operations Plan for Multi-Hazards
and Standard Operating Procedures ........................................ 143
16. Erosion and Sediment Control Ordinance .................................. 143
17. Dune Protection Ordinance .................................................. 143
18. Privatization Feasibility Study and Design/Build/Own Action Plan . 144
19. Town of Atlantic Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan ........................... 144
20. Public Access - Preliminary Recreation Assessment ...................... 144
PAGE
Town of Atlantic Beach -i- Core Land Use Plan
21. Economic Analysis and Profile for Development Opportunities
within the Circle Area ........................................................ 145
22. Coastal Habitat Protection Plan (CHPP) .................................... 145
23. Circle Development District Ordinance .................................... 145
F. LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS .......................................................... 146
SECTION 6. PLAN FOR THE FUTURE ....................................................... 150
A. FUTURE DEMANDS ...................................................................... 150
1. Introduction .................................................................... 150
2. Residential Land Use .......................................................... 150
3. Commercial Land Use ......................................................... 153
4. Industrial Land Use ............................................................ 155
5. Transportation ................................................................. 155
6. Education ....................................................................... 158
7. Recreation ...................................................................... 158
8. Water System .................................................................. 159
9. Wastewater Disposal/Sewer System ........................................ 159
10. Stormwater Management/Drainage ......................................... 160
11. Solid Waste ..................................................................... 162
12. Law Enforcement .............................................................. 162
13. Fire/Rescue Services .......................................................... 162
B. LAND USE/DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND IMPLEMENTING ACTIONS ................. 162
C. EXISTING DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM .................................................. 163
D. POLICIES/FUTURE IMPLEMENTING ACTIONS ........................................ 163
E. GUIDE FOR LAND USE DECISION MAKING ............................................ 163
1. Introduction .................................................................... 163
2. Policies Regarding Land Use and Development in AECs .................. 166
F. LAND USE PLAN MANAGEMENT TOPICS .............................................. 166
1. Introduction .................................................................... 166
2. Impact of CAMA Land Use Plan Policies on Management Topics . . . 167
G. PUBLIC ACCESS ......................................................................... 167
H. LAND USE COMPATIBILITY ............................................................. 169
I. INFRASTRUCTURE CARRYING CAPACITY ............................................. 181
J. NATURAL HAZARD AREAS .............................................................. 183
K. WATER QUALITY ........................................................................ 186
L. LOCAL AREAS OF CONCERN ........................................................... 190
M. FUTURE LAND USE ...................................................................... 195
1. Introduction .................................................................... 195
2. Land Use Categories and Acreage ........................................... 198
a. Conservation .......................................................... 198
b. Mixed Use - Commercial ............................................. 199
c. Mixed Use - Residential .............................................. 200
d. Residential ............................................................. 200
PAGE
Town of Atlantic Beach -i- Core Land Use Plan
e. Least Suitable Land Overlay ........................................ 203
f. Overlay Districts ...................................................... 203
g. Urban Waterfront Overlay District ................................. 204
h. Land Use Compatibility Matrix ...................................... 204
3. Land Demand Forecast and Infrastructure Carrying Capacity ........... 206
a. Water System ......................................................... 208
b. Sewer System ......................................................... 208
SECTION 7. TOOLS FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT ........................................ 210
A. GUIDE FOR LAND USE DECISION MAKING ............................................ 210
B. EXISTING DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM .................................................. 210
C. ADDITIONAL TOOLS..................................................................... 210
D. LAND USE PLAN AMENDMENTS ........................................................ 211
E. ACTION PLAN/SCHEDULE .............................................................. 212
1. Citizen Participation .......................................................... 212
2. Action Plan/Schedule ......................................................... 213
F. RESOURCE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN/POSITIVE AND
NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON LAND USE PLAN POLICIES.................................. 214
TABLES

Table 1
Table 2

Table 3
Region P Total Population and Percentage Change, 1970-2000 . . .
Town of Atlantic Beach and Carteret County, NC Summary of Year-
Round Population Growth by Township and Municipality, 1970-2000
Town of Atlantic Beach, NC Permanent, Seasonal, and Total Peak
14

16
Population, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Table 4 Town of Atlantic Beach and North Carolina Age Composition, 2000 20
Table 5 Town of Atlantic Beach and North Carolina Education
Attainment, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21
Table 6 Town of Atlantic Beach and North Carolina Racial Composition . . . 22
Table 7 Town of Atlantic Beach and Carteret County Housing Occupancy and
Tenure, 1990 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23
Table 8 Town of Atlantic Beach Housing Structure, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Table 9 Town of Atlantic Beach Building Permit Activity, 1999-2004 . . . . . 25
Table 10 Town of Atlantic Beach, Carteret County, and North Carolina
Housing Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26
Table 11 Town of Atlantic Beach, Carteret County, and North Carolina Units
in Structure and Mobile Home Count, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26
Table 12 Town of Atlantic Beach Year Householder Moved into Unit . . . . . . 27
Table 13 Town of Atlantic Beach and Carteret County Summary of Economic
Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28
Town of Atlantic Beach -vi- Core Land Use Plan
PAGE

Table 14 Town of Atlantic Beach Household Income, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Table 15 Town of Atlantic Beach Employment by Industry, 2000 . . . . . . . . 30
Table 16 Carteret County and North Carolina Earnings by Industry, 2000 . . . 30
Table 17 Town of Atlantic Beach Travel Times to Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Table 18 Town of Atlantic Beach Non-Residential Building Permit Activity . . 32
Table 19 Region P Population Projections, 2000-2030 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Table 20 Town of Atlantic Beach, NC Permanent, Seasonal, and Total Peak
Population Projections, 2000-2030 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table 21 Climatic Conditions by Month by Atlantic Beach, NC . . . . . . . . . . 43
Table 22 Town of Atlantic Beach Land Area by SFHA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Table 23 Town of Atlantic Beach Storm Surge Inundation at Different
Magnitude Storm Events Based on SLOSH Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Table 24 Town of Atlantic Beach Registered Underground Storage Tanks . . . 49
Table 25 Town of Atlantic Beach Prevalence of Soil Types and Range of
Slopes Within Each Soil Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Table 26 Town of Atlantic Beach Soil Types and Septic Tank Conditions . . . 55
Table 27 Town of Atlantic Beach Coastal Wetlands by Type and Aerial Extent 64
Table 28 Town of Atlantic Beach Regional Beach Access Sites . . . . . . . . . . 73
Table 29 Town of Atlantic Beach Marina Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Table 30 Town of Atlantic Beach Environmental Composite Map Layers . . . 84
Table 31 Town of Atlantic Beach Land Use Acreage by Class . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Table 32 Subbasin 03-05-03 Area, Population, and Land Cover . . . . . . . . . 88
Table 33 Town of Atlantic Beach Existing Land Use, February 2005 . . . . . . 95
Table 34 Town of Atlantic Beach Motor Vehicle Counts, 2004 ....................... 104
Table 35 Town of Atlantic Beach Average Daily and Maximum Day Water
Usage by Month, 2002 .......................................................... 111
Table 36 Town of Atlantic Beach Package Treatment Plants, 2005 ................. 112
Table 37 Carteret County Public Schools Serving the Town of Atlantic Beach 114
Table 38 Land Suitability Analysis Criteria ............................................. 147
Table 39 Town of Atlantic Beach and ETJ Land Suitability Analysis, 2005 . . 148
Table 40 Town of Atlantic Beach Future Land Use Acreages......................... 198
Table 41 Future Land Use Plan Compatibility Matrix.................................. 205
Table 42 Estimated Build Out Acreage (Through 2025) ............................... 207
Table 43 Town of Atlantic Beach Policy Analysis Matrix .............................. 215
Town of Atlantic Beach -vii- Core Land Use Plan
PAGE

MAPS
Map 1 Town of Atlantic Beach Regional Location Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Map 2 Bogue Banks Municipalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Map 3 Population Growth 1990 to 2000 North Carolina Counties . . . . . . . 18
Map 4 Town of Atlantic Beach 14-Digit Hydrologic Code . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Map 5 Town of Atlantic Beach Flood Hazard Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Map 6 Town of Atlantic Beach SLOSH Hurricane Storm Surge Inundation . 46
Map 7 Town of Atlantic Beach Locations of Confirmed Leaks from
Underground Storage Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Map 8 Town of Atlantic Beach Soil Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Map 9 Town of Atlantic Beach Areas of Environmental Concern Wetlands 63
Map 10 Town of Atlantic Beach Significant Natural Heritage
Areas/Protected Lands and Erosion Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Map 11 Town of Atlantic Beach Water Quality and Primary Nursery Areas . 81
Map 12 Town of Atlantic Beach Environmental Composite . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Map 13 North Carolina River Basins and Subbasins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Map 14 Town of Atlantic Beach Existing Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Map 15 CDD Circle Development District .............................................. 102
Map 16 Town of Atlantic Beach Annual Average Daily Traffic Count, 2005 . 105
Map 17 Town of Atlantic Beach Community Facilities/Existing Infrastructure 110
Map 18 Town of Atlantic Beach Areas of Stormwater Concern .................... 121
Map 19 Town of Atlantic Beach Land Suitability Analysis ........................... 149
Map 20 Town of Atlantic Beach Future Land Use .................................... 197

GRAPHS

Graph 1 Town of Atlantic Beach Permanent Population Growth, 1970-2000 15
Graph 2 Town of Atlantic Beach Age Composition, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Graph 3 Town of Atlantic Beach Building Permit Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Graph 4 Town of Atlantic Beach Non-Residential Building Permit Activity . . 32

APPENDICES
Appendix I Town of Atlantic Beach Citizen Participation Plan
Appendix II Town of Atlantic Beach Absentee Property Owners Survey Results
Appendix III Town of Atlantic Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Strategies
Appendix IV Town of Atlantic Beach Definitions of Common Terms
Town of Atlantic Beach -viii- Core Land Use Plan
TOWN OF ATLANTIC BEACH
CORE CAMA LAND USE PLAN

MATRIX OF REQUIRED ELEMENTS

CAMA CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(a) Organization of the Plan pages i, ii,
and 1
(b) Community Concerns and Aspirations
(1) Significant Existing and Emerging Conditions

page 11
(2) Key Issues page 11
(3) A Community Vision page 12
(c) Analysis of Existing and Emerging Conditions
(1) Population, Housing, and Economy
(A) Population:
(i) Permanent population growth trends using data
from the two most recent decennial Censuses;
(ii) Current permanent and seasonal population
estimates;
(iii) Key population characteristics;
(iv) Age; and
(v) Income

pages 14-19

pages 19-20

pages 20-23
(B) Housing Stock:
(i) Estimate of current housing stock, including
permanent and seasonal units, tenure, and types
of units (single-family, multi-family, and
manufactured); and
(ii) Building permits issued for single-family, multi-
family, and manufactured homes since last plan
update
pages 23-28

page 25
(C) Local Economy pages 28-34
(D) Projections pages 34-37
Town of Atlantic Beach -ix- Core Land Use Plan

CAMA CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(2) Natural Systems Analysis
(A) Mapping and Analysis of Natural Features
(i) Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs);
(ii) Soil characteristics, including limitations for
septic tanks, erodibility, and other factors related
to development;
(iii) Environmental Management Commission water
quality classifications and related use support
designations, and Division of Environmental
Health shellfish growing areas and water quality
conditions;
(iv) Flood and other natural hazard areas;
(v) Storm surge areas;
(vi) Non-coastal wetlands including forested wetlands,
shrub-scrub wetlands, and freshwater marshes;
(vii) Water supply watersheds or wellhead protection
areas;
(viii) Primary nursery areas, where mapped;
(ix) Environmentally fragile areas; and
(x) Additional natural features or conditions
identified by the local government.

pages 58-73
pages 52-55

pages 78-79

pages 43-49
page 65
pages 55-58
pages 78-82
pages 66-70
pages 70-77
(B) Composite Map of Environmental Conditions:
(i) Class I
(ii) Class II
(iii) Class III
pages 80-85
Town of Atlantic Beach -x- Core Land Use Plan

CAMA CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(C) Environmental Conditions
(i) Water Quality:
(I) Status and changes of surface water quality,
including impaired streams from the most
recent NC Division of water Quality Basinwide
Water Quality Plans, 303(d) List and other
comparable data;
(II) Current situation and trends on permanent
and temporary closures of shellfishing waters
as determined by the Report of Sanitary
Survey by the Shellfish Sanitation Section of
the NC Division of Environmental Health;
(III) Areas experiencing chronic wastewater
treatment system malfunctions; and
(IV) Areas with water quality or public health
problems related to non-point source
pollution
(ii) Natural Hazards:
(I) Areas subject to storm hazards such as
recurrent flooding, storm surges, and high
winds;
(II) Areas experiencing significant shoreline
erosion as evidenced by the presence of
threatened structures or public facilities; and
(III) Where data is available, estimates of public
and private damage resulting from floods and
wind that has occurred since the last plan
update
(iii) Natural Resources:
(I) Environmentally fragile areas or areas where
resource functions may be impacted as a
result of development; and
(II) Areas containing potentially valuable natural
resources
pages 85-89
(3) Analysis of Land Use and Development
(A) A map of land including the following: residential,
commercial, industrial, institutional, public,
dedicated open space, agriculture, forestry, confined
animal feeding operations, and undeveloped;
page 96
Town of Atlantic Beach -xi- Core Land Use Plan

CAMA CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(B) The land use analysis shall including the following:
(i) Table that shows estimates of the land area
allocated to each land use;
(ii) Description of any land use conflicts;
(iii) Description of any land use-water quality
conflicts;
(iv) Description of development trends using
indicators; and
(v) Location of areas expected to experience
development during the five years following plan
certification by the CRC and a description of any
potential conflicts with Class II or Class III land
identified in the natural systems analysis
pages 90-103
page 95
(C) Historic, cultural, and scenic areas designated by a
state or federal agency or by local government
page 70
(D) Projections of future land needs pages 206-207
(4) Analysis of Community Facilities
(A) Public and Private Water Supply and Wastewater
Systems

pages 109-113
(B) Transportation Systems page 103-105
(C) Stormwater Systems pages 116-121
(D) Other Facilities pages 105-116
(5) Land Suitability Analysis
(A) Water quality;
(B) Land Classes I, II, and III summary environmental
analysis;
(C) Proximity to existing developed areas and
compatibility with existing land uses;
(D) Potential impacts of development on areas and sites
designated by local historic commission or the NC
Department of Cultural Resources as historic,
culturally significant, or scenic;
(E) Land use and development requirements of local
development regulations, CAMA Use Standards and
other applicable state regulations, and applicable
federal regulations; and
(F) Availability of community facilities, including water,
sewer, stormwater, and transportation
pages 146-149
Town of Atlantic Beach -xii- Core Land Use Plan

CAMA CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(6) Review of Current CAMA Land Use Plan
(A) Consistency of existing land use and development
ordinances with current CAMA Land Use Plan policies;
(B) Adoption of the land use plan’s implementation
measures by the governing body; and
(C) Efficacy of current policies in creating desired land
use patterns and protecting natural systems
pages 122-146
(d) Plan for the Future
(1) Land Use and Development Goals:
(A) Community concerns and aspirations identified at the
beginning of the planning process;
(B) Needs and opportunities identified in the analysis of
existing and emerging conditions
(C) Land development patterns that are inconsistent with
the natural systems analysis or the land suitability
analysis

pages 150-162

page 196
(2) Policies:
(A) Shall be consistent with the goals of the CAMA, shall
address the CRC management topics for land use
plans, and comply with all state and federal rules;
(B) Shall contain a description of the type and extent of
analysis completed to determine the impact of CAMA
Land Use Plan policies on the management topics, a
description of both positive and negative impacts of
the land use plan policies on the management topics,
and a description of the policies, methods, programs,
and processes to mitigate any negative impacts on
applicable management topics;
(C) Shall contain a clear statement that the governing
body either accepts state and federal law regarding
land uses and development in AECs or, that the local
government’s policies exceed the requirements of
state and federal agencies.
pages 162-166
(3) Land Use Plan Management Topics.
(A) Public Access pages 157-169
(B) Land Use Compatibility pages 169-180
(C) Infrastructure Carrying Capacity pages 181-183
(D) Natural Hazard Areas pages 183-186
(E) Water Quality pages 186-190
(F) Local Areas of Concern pages 190-195
Town of Atlantic Beach -xiii- Core Land Use Plan

CAMA CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(4) Future Land Use Map
(A) 14-digit hydrological units encompassed by the
planning area;
(B) Areas and locations planned for conservation or open
space and a description of compatible land use and
activities;
(C) Areas and locations planned for future growth and
development with descriptions of the following
characteristics:
(i) Predominant and supporting land uses that are
encouraged in each area;
(ii) Overall density and development intensity
planned for each area;
(iii) Infrastructure required to support planned
development in each area
(D) Areas in existing developed areas for infill,
preservation, and redevelopment;
(E) Existing and planned infrastructure, including major
roads, water, and sewer
In addition, the plan shall include an estimate of the cost of
any community facilities or services that shall be extended
or developed. The amount of land allocated to various uses
shall be calculated and compared to the projection of land
needs. The amount of land area thus allocated to various
uses may not exceed projected needs as delineated in Part
(c)(3)(A)(iv) - Projection of Future Land Needs.
pages 195-205

pages 206-209
(e) Tools for Managing Development
(1) Guide for Land Use Decision-Making
(2) Existing Development Program
(3) Additional Tools.
(A) Ordinances:
(i) Amendments or adjustments in existing
development codes required for consistency with
the plan;
(ii) New ordinances or codes to be developed
(B) Capital Improvements Program
(C) Acquisition Program
(D) Specific Projects to Reach Goals
(4) Action Plan/Schedule
pages 210-218
page 210
page 210
page 210

page 212
Town of Atlantic Beach i Core Land Use Plan
PREFACE

WHY IS A PLAN NEEDED?

This plan is intended to fulfill the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) requirements for
the preparation of a Core CAMA Land Use Plan. This plan is organized to adhere to the
15A NCAC 7B requirements. The matrix following the table of contents specifies
how/where compliance with 15A NCAC 7B is accomplished. The reader should review
Section VII: Tools for Managing Development which begins on page 210.

This is a Core Land Use Plan. The Core Plan is defined as follows:

Core Plan: This plan addresses all of the plan elements in Rule .0702 of
Section 7B (Elements of CAMA Core and Advanced Core Land Use Plans) in
a complete and thorough manner. These are summarized as follows:
(1) Organization of the Plan, (2) Community Concerns and Aspirations,
(3) Analysis of Existing and Emerging Conditions with the jurisdiction, and
(4) Plan for the Future. This type of plan is the standard CAMA Land Use
Plan required for all 20 coastal counties.

The reader should not attempt to understand the plan by reading only several sections
of the document. All sections of the plan are inter-related. However, significant sections
of the plan include the following:

■ Analysis of Existing and Emerging Conditions, page 14.

■ Analysis of Land Use and Development, page 90.

■ Land Suitability Analysis, page 146.

■ Plan for the Future, page 150.

■ Tools for Managing Development, page 210.
Town of Atlantic Beach ii Core Land Use Plan
In addition to the CAMA requirements, there are other reasons to plan. Atlantic Beach
has a great deal of influence on the way in which the town develops. The buildings,
facilities, and improvements provided by Atlantic Beach affect the daily lives of its
citizens, give form to the town, and stimulate or retard the development of privately-
owned land. In addition, the workings of the real estate market help determine the uses
of private land, but these uses are regulated by Atlantic Beach. The town has an
opportunity to coordinate the overall pattern of physical development.

Atlantic Beach is inescapably involved in questions of physical development. At almost
every meeting of the Board of Commissioners, development decisions must be made
concerning rezoning, street improvements, sites for public buildings, and so on. Atlantic
Beach — and particularly the legislative body made up of lay citizens — needs some
technical guidance in making these physical development decisions. Atlantic Beach needs
an instrument that establishes long-range, general policies for the physical development
of the community in a coordinated, unified manner, and which can be continually
referred to in deciding upon the development issues that come up every week. The
comprehensive plan is such an instrument.

Once this plan is adopted, the town must realize that the plan is not the end of the
process. Atlantic Beach must continuously work at accomplishing plan implementation
and establishing an effective planning program. The town must view the preparation
of this document as the first step in a continually evolving process.

The policies and implementing actions section of this plan, pages 167 to 195 includes
numerous recommendations for new regulatory ordinances and revisions to existing
regulatory ordinances. These revisions are essential to the successful implementation of
this document.
Town of Atlantic Beach 1 Core Land Use Plan
SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION

This fiscal year 2004/2005 - 2005/2006 Core CAMA Land Use Plan is prepared in
accordance with the requirements of the North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act
(CAMA). Specifically, this document complies with Subchapter 7B, “CAMA Land Use
Planning Requirements,” of the North Carolina Administrative Code, as amended,
August 1, 2002.

The 7B guidelines provide that each of the twenty coastal counties and municipalities
within those counties prepare and adopt a Core CAMA Land Use Plan that meets the
planning requirements adopted by the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC). If a county
chooses not to prepare a plan, the guidelines specify that the CRC will prepare and adopt
a CAMA Land Use Plan for that county and municipalities within the county which choose
not to prepare their own plan. Municipalities not preparing their own plan will be
included in the plan for the county in which the municipality is located.

At the beginning of the preparation of this document, the Town of Atlantic Beach adopted
a Citizen Participation Plan which is intended to ensure that all interested citizens have
an opportunity to participate in the development of this plan through both oral and
written comments. A copy of the Citizen Participation Plan is included as Appendix I.
The citizen input received during the development of this plan has greatly influenced the
final contents of the plan and its policies.

The Town of Atlantic Beach guided the development of this plan. The Atlantic Beach
Planning Board was composed of the following members:

Joe Tarascio, Chairman Vada Palma
Larry Burke Trace Cooper
Tom Outlaw Dewey L. Bordeaux, III
Karen Koenig Jim Bailey
Norman Livengood Ellen Womer

Following adoption of the plan by the Atlantic Beach Board of Commissioners, it was
submitted to the CRC for certification. Certification of the plan was achieved on July 24,
2008.
Town of Atlantic Beach 2 Core Land Use Plan
SECTION 2. HISTORY

The following history of Atlantic Beach was prepared by James N. “Cap’n Jim” Willis III.
It is an excellent summary and has been utilized verbatim.

“The resort that is now Atlantic Beach, North Carolina was first visualized in the 1870s by
Appleton Oaksmith, one of the most colorful characters of mainland Carteret County. His
vision for east Bogue Banks was that of a new resort by the sea. He first chose Fort
Macon, but was unsuccessful. He then turned his attention to the area which now
comprises all of Atlantic Beach and a portion of east Pine Knoll Shores. He soon acquired
title to all of this property in the names of two straw ladies, his wife, Augusta, and her
sister, Ellen Mason. But alas, Oaksmith was not to achieve his dream, for on July 4, 1879,
he lost four of his daughters in a tragic accident and lost the will to fulfill his dream.

“It remained for John J. Royal of Morehead City and Winfield S. Chadwick of Beaufort to
begin the construction of Oaksmith’s vision. In 1887, they built the first bathing pavilion
on Bogue Banks in the location of present day Club Colony. They had a ready-made
clientele that Oaksmith did not visualize, the patrons of the new Atlantic Hotel across
Bogue Sound in Morehead City. The old Atlantic Hotel in Beaufort had been destroyed by
the hurricane of 1879 and in 1880 the Morehead City Hotel Company constructed the "New
Atlantic Hotel" in Morehead City at the terminus of the Atlantic and North Carolina
Railroad in order to make hotel accommodations in the area more convenient for the
former patrons of the old Atlantic Hotel. They were quite successful, since many of the
old Atlantic customers became patrons of the new hotel. Many of its guests desired to
bathe in the ocean surf, but there was no bathing pavilion on the ocean side of Bogue
Banks to accommodate them. So, Royal and Chadwick provided one, and the resort of
Atlantic Beach was begun. Patrons of the Hotel flocked to the newly accessible beach in
droves, and a brisk ferry trade to the Banks ensued.

Royal Pavilion
Town of Atlantic Beach 3 Core Land Use Plan
“In 1898 Royal and Chadwick split their holdings, with Chadwick getting the east portion
and Royal the west. Royal then built his own pavilion on a much grander scale in the
location of today’s Sportsman’s Pier. This was the beginning of the development that
became known eventually as Money Island Beach. After Royal’s death in 1909 the
development passed through many hands, and a hotel was eventually built near the
present site of Courie’s Villa. This new beach development, begun by Royal, thrived over
the years while the original pavilion declined in popularity. This resort had many names
over the years including Atlantic View Beach, Ocean Beach, and finally Money Island
Beach.
Money Isle, Beach Side Villa Queen Hotel

Money Isle Bath House Complex from North

“In 1922, another bathing pavilion and ballroom was opened just east of the present
Triple-S Pier by V. Asbury. The development was known as Asbury Beach and the
following year was reserved exclusively for blacks, since these were the days of
segregation.

“In 1926 an event occurred that signaled the eventual decline of Money Island Beach and
the demise of Chadwick’s and Asbury’s pavilions. In that year a group of Morehead City
and Beaufort investors formed two corporations, one to buy and develop a new resort on
Bogue Banks and the other to build a modern bridge across Bogue Sound to this new
development. By the summer of 1928 both goals had been achieved and the new
“Atlantic Beach” opened for business. This new resort was located west of the Royal
Pavilion in an area that became known as the “Circle”. Initially it contained two
bathhouses (formerly known as bathing pavilions), one each for men and women,
separated by a large ballroom style dance hall called the Pavilion. There were also
several accessory buildings constructed nearby along with an office building in the center
Town of Atlantic Beach 4 Core Land Use Plan
of unopened West Bogue Boulevard at its intersection with West Drive. All structures
were oriental in design, and referred to as Pagoda, a feature that distinguished them from
all past and future construction. More importantly, this new beach was accessible by
motor car while the others were not. Thus, the new "Atlantic Beach", which could be
reached by motor car, prospered, while the older less accessible developments declined.

Pagoda Pavilion

1928 Poster
Bridge with Pagoda Toll Booth
“This oriental style beach was short lived, however, for on July 20, 1929 fire destroyed
all but the little office building. This building was later moved to an oceanfront lot on
West Boardwalk and served as the summer residence of the beach managers for many
years. Today it is a private residence and is known as the Pagoda House. It is the oldest
documented structure in present day Atlantic Beach.

Pagoda Temple - Aerial Pagoda Temple - Note Upswept Roof Corners
Town of Atlantic Beach 5 Core Land Use Plan
“In the autumn of 1929 the great depression occurred and the owners of the Atlantic
Beach property defaulted on their loans. The property finally ended up in the ownership
of the Manufacturers Bank and Trust Company of New York. The company sent Robert
Cordon down to review the property for a possible reconstruction of the development.
Upon receiving a favorable report from Cordon, the officials of the company formed a new
corporation, the Atlantic Beach and Bridge Company, to rebuild the resort proper and
operate the bridge. The bridge was a toll bridge from its opening and remained so until
sold to the State of North Carolina in 1934.

“Two new bathhouses, a dance hall named the Casino, and several assorted drink stands
were built in 1930, and the beach reopened for business.

Circle Beach, 1930

“In the fall of the following year construction was begun on the Atlantic Beach Hotel on
the site of the present Crab’s Claw and Town Beach Access. At that time Newman Willis,
who had worked at the resort since it opened in 1928 and was later to become the town’s
first mayor, was hired as caretaker of the new hotel. In November of 1931 he and his new
bride, “Miss Etta”, moved to Atlantic Beach and became the first permanent residents
who stayed. They spent the first year in the little office building that had not burned,
since the hotel was still under construction. In 1934 their son, James N. “Cap’n Jim”
Willis III, was born, and he became the first person to call Atlantic Beach home from
birth.

Newman Willis, Atlantic Beach Hotel “Miss Etta”
Mayor
Town of Atlantic Beach 6 Core Land Use Plan
“During the thirties, the tract of land surrounding the “circle” was platted with lots and
streets extending out to the east and west of the “Circle”. The streets running east and
west were called Boulevards and named for local geographical features, and those running
north and south were called Avenues and named in honor of towns and cities in North
Carolina. Lots were sold, and in 1932 the first cottage in the new “Atlantic Beach” was
built by Ed Batchelor from Greenville, NC, on the lot just west of the future Seashore
Club.
Atlantic Beach Map, 1934
“Cottages were also built in Money Island Beach in the 1920’s and 1930’s, but we are not
sure of the dates of construction of those that remain. The Batchelor cottage was
destroyed by fire along with the Seashore Club many years ago. A boardwalk was also
constructed along the oceanfront from one end of the property to the other. In front of
the “Circle” the boardwalk was wider than the east and west portions and the planking
ran parallel with the ocean shoreline. In the spring of 1940 the boardwalk here was
rebuilt and the planking placed perpendicular to the shoreline. Thus old photos of the
“Circle” during this time period can be dated pre or post 1940 by the orientation of the
boardwalk planking.”

Circle Boardwalk, 1931-32 Boardwalk, 1941-42
Town of Atlantic Beach 7 Core Land Use Plan
During the post-war period through the 1990s, the attractions centered around “The
Circle” area and relatively extensive public beach access helped the Town solidify its
reputation as a location where hard-working families, primarily from Central and East-
Central North Carolina, could come and spend an affordable day, a weekend, or a week
at the beach. Commercial and residential development oriented towards tourists, such
as restaurants and motels, expanded up and down Fort Macon Road and the Town grew
west all the way to its current boundary with the Town of Pine Knoll Shores in the 1990s
and east to Fort Macon State Park. Many cottages were replaced by duplexes and mobile
homes during this period, to allow for more and more seasonal and permanent residents.

The town simultaneously became a destination for retirees from throughout the region
and the Country and numerous condominium developments sprang up during the 1970s,
1980s, and 1990s primarily to serve these newcomers, as well as for rentals to seasonal
visitors.
Town of Atlantic Beach 8 Core Land Use Plan
SECTION 3. REGIONAL SETTING

Atlantic Beach is located on Bogue Banks in southern Carteret County. The town is
situated on the eastern end of Bogue Banks across Bogue Sound from Morehead City,
approximately 150 miles southeast of Raleigh, North Carolina (the state capital).

Atlantic Beach’s location is accessible to large portions of North Carolina’s population,
making it an easy tourist destination. Surrounding cities and towns (with distance in
miles) include: Jacksonville (45 miles), New Bern (35 miles), Greenville (79 miles), Kinston
(70 miles), Goldsboro (96 miles), Wilson (110 miles), and Rocky Mount (120 miles).
Located between the Atlantic Ocean and Bogue Sound, the town is almost completely
surrounded by water. Map 1 depicts the town’s regional location.

Atlantic Beach’s location on Bogue Banks is significant. Bogue Banks offers a unique
coastal environment in North Carolina. The island is occupied by Atlantic Beach, Pine
Knoll Shores, Indian Beach, and Emerald Isle. The following summarizes Bogue Banks’
acreage and the acreage of its municipalities:

Municipalities Acres

Atlantic Beach 1,650.6
Emerald Isle 3,207.3
Indian Beach 322.5
Pine Knoll Shores 1,289.0
6,469.4
Unincorporated 844.1
Bogue Banks 7,313.5

Please note that throughout this document, total Atlantic Beach land area will vary
between 1,650.6 acres (total town limits) and 1,325.9 acres (total parcels) due to the fact
that 146.4 acres are water and 178.3 acres are right-of-way. The most appropriate
figures have been used.

The Bogue Banks municipalities are confronted with many similar developmental and
environmental problems. Bogue Banks and its municipalities are depicted on Map 2.

MAP 1
Town of Atlantic Beach,
Carteret County, North Carolina
Regional Location

0 25
Miles
50 100 150
_^

Legend
Corporate Limits
Carteret County
County Boundaries
NC DOT Roads
Atlantic Beach
Carteret County,
North Carolina

0 0.25
Miles
0.5 1 1.5 2

E Page 9

Miles
0 1 2 4 6

MAP 2
Town of Atlantic Beach
Land Use Plan
Bogue Banks Municipal i ties
Legend
Carteret County
Atlantic Beach
Emerald Isle
Indian Beach
Pine Knoll Shores
Hydrology

Page 10
O
Town of Atlantic Beach 11 Core Land Use Plan
SECTION 4. ATLANTIC BEACH COMMUNITY
CONCERNS AND ASPIRATIONS

A. KEY ISSUES/DOMINANT GROWTH-RELATED ISSUES

This document will attempt to assess all issues and concerns that may affect the growth
and natural environment in the Town of Atlantic Beach over the 5-year planning period.
Due to resource and time limitations, however, primary, or “key” issues must be
identified and prioritized. These key issues are those that the Town will spend additional
resources in analyzing, assessing and developing goals, policies, objectives, and
implementing tasks to address over the planning period.

In order to identify these issues, the Town held an Issues Identification Meeting on
February 1, 2005. This meeting was widely advertised, through direct solicitation of
citizens with known interests in civic affairs and representatives of organizations with
interest in these affairs (including representatives of State agencies responsible for CAMA
Plan oversight). Additionally, a notice was sent to a randomly selected 10% of all
landowners in the Town (43 landowners of approximately 435) and was advertised in the
Carteret County News-Times newspaper.

At the meeting, the Town’s planning consultants, Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.,
provided an overview of the CAMA Land Use Planning process and then led the assembled
group of approximately 15 persons in a “brainstorming” session to identify issues that the
group adjudged to be significant to the Town of Atlantic Beach’s growth and environment
over the planning period. These issues were then listed on large writing pads and affixed
to the wall of the Atlantic Beach Town Hall Boardroom where the meeting was held. At
the end of the meeting, participants received 10 “votes” and identified their 10 top issues
(1 vote per issue - no “multi-voting” with multiple votes per issue). The results are
recorded below:

Key Issues identified at the February 1, 2005 Issues Identification Meeting

Town Meeting

# of Votes Rank Issue Absentee Ranking
8 1 Beach Maintenance 1
7 2 Beach Renourishment Efforts (especially from Brandt Island) 4
6 3 Density of Future Development 2
6 4 Development of Sewer System 3
6 5 Tree Ordinance/Tree Protection 10
5 6 Commercial and Residential Redevelopment 7
5 7 Development Regulations 5
Town of Atlantic Beach 12 Core Land Use Plan
Town Meeting

# of Votes Rank Issue Absentee Ranking
5 8 Recreational Opportunities (Active and Passive) 9
5 9 Stormwater Management in Town 8
5 10 Water Supply/Water System 6
3 11 Need for/Preservation of Native Plantings/Vegetation
3 12 Public Boat Access
3 13 Reduction of Commercial Areas in Some Parts of Town
3 14 Reuse of Public Facilities and Town Buildings
2 15 Public Beach and Sound Access
2 16 Transportation Improvements
1 17 Coastal Habitat Protection Plan (CHPP)

NOTE: The top ten “Key” or “primary” issues are in bold.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc., and the Town of Atlantic Beach Planning Department.

The top ten issues identified were flagged for additional analysis and consideration in the
remainder of this document.

Additionally, surveys were mailed out to 494 absentee property owners. A total of 211
completed questionnaires were received; and 10 survey responses were generated from
the web-site posting of the survey. The table above provides a comparison of these
results to the ranking from the Town meeting; see Appendix II for additional results as
well as comments received from the absentee property owners survey.

B. TOWN OF ATLANTIC BEACH COMMUNITY VISION

Since its establishment, the Town of Atlantic Beach has always served as an open, public
destination for all visitors and residents to come and enjoy the unique amenities offered
by a community located on a natural barrier island. It is the vision of the Town to
preserve its all-inclusive past while continuing to promote the community as a desirable
location to visit, live, work, and play.

The Town desires to balance its year-round residential areas, second home areas with low
rental use, and its vital tourist population. The need to buffer these uses is necessary as
is allowing and encouraging appropriate commercial development to service these
populations. The protection of our environmental assets is of the highest importance as
the sound and ocean are what make all of us desire to be here. A high quality of life must
be maintained and a small town atmosphere preserved.
Town of Atlantic Beach 13 Core Land Use Plan
Atlantic Beach’s mission is to establish development and redevelopment patterns that
preserve and promote its residential neighborhoods and commercial business areas while
protecting the vital natural resources that make Atlantic Beach a truly unique destination.
Atlantic Beach will achieve this through enhancement of Town services and infrastructure;
protection of the Town’s wetlands, maritime forests, and natural areas of the Atlantic
Ocean and Bogue Sound; and through the encouragement of private investment that
utilizes creativity to promote sustainable development that is beneficial to all visitors and
residents of the Town.

The following issues are important to the Town’s future:

■ Protection of environmental assets.

■ Preserving a small town atmosphere.

■ Prudent economic development.

■ Partnerships.

■ Balance needs of permanent, visitor, and seasonal population.

■ Encouraging mixed-use, including entertainment uses.

■ Open access to the beach and sound areas.

■ Encourage non-automobile transit improvements.

■ Enhancement of town services and infrastructure.

■ Sustainable development through encouragement of creative private investment.

■ Vibrant and diverse community.
Town of Atlantic Beach 14 Core Land Use Plan
SECTION 5: ANALYSIS OF EXISTING AND EMERGING CONDITIONS

A. POPULATION, HOUSING, AND ECONOMY

1. Atlantic Beach Permanent Population

Because Atlantic Beach is impacted by the region in which it is located and
Carteret County as a whole, both the Eastern Carolina Council of Governments (Region P)
and Carteret County population data have been analyzed. The regional and county
population trends support growth trends in Atlantic Beach when growth within the region
and Carteret County is strong.

a. Eastern Carolina Council of Governments, Region P

North Carolina is divided into 18 regions for the purpose of coordinating
planning efforts between neighboring counties. Atlantic Beach and Carteret
County are located in Region P. This region also includes Craven, Jones, Onslow,
Pamlico, Wayne, Greene, Lenoir, and Duplin counties. Table 1 provides a
summary of population changes and growth percentages for Region P counties and
North Carolina. According to the 2000 Census, Carteret County was the fastest
growing county in Region P and had achieved a 2000 population of 59,383.

Table 1: Region P
Total Population and Percentage Change, 1970-2000

Percent Change
Overall
County 1970 1980 1990 2000 ‘70-‘80 ‘80-‘90 ‘90-‘00 ‘70-‘00

Carteret 31,603 41,092 52,553 59,383 30.0% 27.8% 12.9% 87.9%
Craven 62,554 71,043 81,613 91,523 13.5% 14.8% 12.1% 46.3%
Duplin 38,015 40,952 39,995 40,063 7.7% -2.3% 0.1% 5.3%
Greene 14,967 16,117 15,384 18,974 7.6% -4.5% 23.3% 26.7%
Jones 9,779 9,705 9,414 10,381 -0.8% -3.0% 10.3% 6.2%
Lenoir 55,204 59,819 57,274 59,636 8.3% -4.4% 4.1% 8.0%
Onslow 103,126 112,784 149,838 150,355 9.3% 32.8% 0.3% 45.7%
Pamlico 9,467 10,398 11,368 12,934 9.8% 9.3% 13.7% 36.6%
Wayne 85,408 97,054 104,666 113,329 13.6% 7.8% 8.3% 32.7%
Region P 410,123 458,964 522,105 556,578 12.2% 14.1% 6.5% 36.4%
North
Carolina
5,084,442 5,880,095 6,632,448 8,049,313 15.6% 12.8% 21.4% 65.5%

Source: US Census Bureau.
Town of Atlantic Beach 15 Core Land Use Plan

941
Carteret County’s population increased from 31,603 in1970 to 59,383 in
2000, an increase of 87.9%. This rate of increase was well above Region P’s
increase of 36.4% and North Carolina’s increase of 65.5%. Most of the county’s
growth has occurred in the beach communities and along the sound shoreline
areas.

Table 2 provides a summary of the 1970-2000 Carteret County population
growth by township. The Morehead City Township, which includes the
municipalities of Atlantic Beach, Morehead City, Pine Knoll Shores, and Indian
Beach, had an overall population increase of 99.1% from 1970 to 2000. During the
30-year period, the total township population increased from 11,929 to 23,748.
Thus, the Morehead City Township was responsible for 11,819 people, or 42.5% of
Carteret County’s total population growth from 1970 to 2000. The township had
the largest total population increase of any of the county’s townships.

Atlantic Beach had a population increase from 1970 to 2000 of 1,481
people, an increase of 493.7%. However, from 1990 to 2000, Atlantic Beach
experienced a population decrease from 1,938 to 1,781, a decrease of -8.1%.
Within the county, only Emerald Isle experienced a higher growth rate. Most of
the town’s population growth occurred from 1980 to 2000. Graph 1 summarizes
the permanent population growth from 1970 to 2000. Map 3 depicts net migration
for the North Carolina counties.

Graph 1: Town of Atlantic Beach
Permanent Population Growth, 1970-2000

2000
1938
1781

1500

1000

500

300

0
1970 1980 1990 2000

Year Population
Town of Atlantic Beach 16 Core Land Use Plan

Table 2: Town of Atlantic Beach and Carteret County, NC
Summary of Year-Round Population Growth by Township and Municipality, 1970-2000

Township Municipality or Area Year-Round Population Percentage Change

Overall
1970 1980 1990 2000 ‘70-‘80 ‘80-‘90 ‘90-‘00 ‘70-‘00

1) Atlantic Total Township 814 810 804 817 -0.49% -0.62% 1.5% 0.4%
2) Beaufort Beaufort 3,368 3,826 3,808 3,771 13.60% -0.47% -1.0% 11.9%
Unincorporated Area 2,279 3,166 4,205 3,894 13.93% 32.82% -7.4% 40.1%
Total Township 6,147 6,992 8,013 7,665 13.75% 14.60% -4.3% 24.7%
3) Cedar Island Total Township 290 333 385 324 14.83% 15.62% -15.8% 11.7%
4) Davis Total Township 456 492 535 412 7.89% 8.74% -22.9% -9.6%
5) Harkers Island Total Township 1,639 1,910 2,237 1,525 16.53% 17.12% -31.8% -6.9%
6) Harlowe Total Township 762 956 1,190 1,272 25.46% 24.48% 6.9% 66.9%
7) Marshallberg Total Township 525 580 646 528 10.48% 11.38% -18.3% 0.6%
8) Merrimon Total Township 330 426 542 657 29.09% 27.23% 21.2% 99.1%
9) Morehead City Atlantic Beach 300 941 1,938 1,781 213.67% 105.95% -8.1% 493.7%
Indian Beach 0 54 153 95 N/A 183.33% -37.9% N/A
Morehead City 5,233 4,359 6,046 7,691 -16.70% 38.70% 27.2% 46.9%
Pine Knoll Shores 0 646 1,360 1,524 N/A 110.53% 12.1% N/A
Unincorporated Area 6,396 9,803 10,985 12,657 53.27% 12.06% 15.2% 197.8%
Total Township 11,929 15,803 20,482 23,748 32.48% 29.61% 15.9% 99.1%
10) Newport Newport 1,735 1,883 2,516 3,349 8.53% 33.62% 33.1% 93.03%
Unincorporated Area 2,191 3,586 4,817 4,977 63.67% 34.33% 3.3% 127.16%
Total Township 3,926 5,469 7,333 8,326 39.30% 34.08% 13.5% 112.07%
Town of Atlantic Beach 17 Core Land Use Plan

Table 2 (continued)

Township Municipality or Area Year-Round Population Percentage Change

Overall
1970 1980 1990 2000 ‘70-‘80 ‘80-‘90 ‘90-‘00 ‘70-‘00

11) Sea Level Total Township 347 540 773 461 55.62% 43.15% -40.4% 32.85%

12) Smyrna Total Township 517 637 782 679 23.21% 22.76% -13.2% 31.33%

13) Stacy Total Township 257 322 401 206 25.29% 24.53% -48.6% -19.84%

14) Straits Total Township 1,166 1,520 1,948 2,686 30.36% 28.16% 37.9% 130.36%

15) White Oak Cape Carteret 616 944 1,008 1,214 53.25% 6.78% 20.4% 97.08%

Emerald Isle 122 865 2,434 3,488 609.02% 181.39% 43.3% 2,759.02%

Cedar Point 0 0 628 929 N/A N/A 47.9% N/A

Unincorporated Area 1,758 2,493 2,413 4,442 41.81% -3.21% 84.1% 152.67%

Total Township 2,496 4,302 6,483 10,073 73.36% 50.70% 55.4% 303.57%

Total Municipalities 11,374 13,518 19,891 23,842 18.85% 47.14% 19.8% 109.62%

Total Unincorporated Areas 20,229 27,574 32,662 35,537 36.31% 18.45% 8.8% 75.67%

Total County 31,603 41,092 52,553 59,383 30.03% 27.90% 12.9% 87.89%

The NC Office of State Planning provides the following population estimates: Carteret County 2005 population estimate - 62,766; Atlantic Beach 2004
population estimate - 1,791.

Source: NC State Data Center; extrapolation of data for unincorporated areas by Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.

MAP 3
Population Growth 1990-2000
North Carolina Counties

0 15
Miles
30 60 90 120

Legend
kj
Atlantic Beach
Carteret County, NC
kj Atlantic Beach, Carteret County
Population Change
High Growth, High Net In-Migration
Modest Growth, Net In-Migration
Low Growth, Net In-Migration
Low/Modest Growth, Net Out-Migration
Population Loss, Net Out-Migration
Extreme Natural Increase, Net Out-Migration Page 18
Town of Atlantic Beach 19 Core Land Use Plan
b. Seasonal Population

Atlantic Beach has a significant seasonal population. In 2000, the peak
seasonal population was 27,431, which was 15.1 times the permanent year-round
population. Table 3 defines the town’s peak seasonal population and relationship
to the permanent population from 1970 to 2000. The peak seasonal population has
not grown as rapidly during the last 30 years as has the permanent year-round
population. From 1970 to 2000, the permanent year-round population increased
by 493.7%, while the peak seasonal population increased by 367.9%.

Table 3: Town of Atlantic Beach, NC
Permanent, Seasonal, and Total Peak Population, 1970-2000

Percentage Change
Overall
Population 1970 1980 1990 2000 ‘70-‘80 ‘80-‘90 ‘90-‘00 ‘70-‘00

Permanent 300 941 1,958 1,781 213.7% 108.1% -9.0% 493.7%
Peak Seasonal 5,475 13,017 20,755 25,620 137.8% 59.5% 23.4% 367.9%
Total Peak
Seasonal
Population
5,775 13,958 22,713 27,401 141.7% 62.8% 20.6% 374.5%

Source: 1996 Land Use Plan; Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.

Day visitation significantly increases Atlantic Beach’s population during the
summer tourist season. Day visitation is defined as visitors traveling to the beach
and departing on the same day; therefore, not increasing the overnight peak
seasonal population. The town conservatively estimates that on the three major
tourist holidays of the year including Memorial Day, Fourth of July, and Labor Day,
the town’s population soars to over 45,000 persons.

This estimate is justified through a calculation utilizing peak seasonal
population, and traffic count data. Based on the 2002 average daily traffic counts
(12,600) of vehicles coming onto Atlantic Beach over the South Atlantic Beach
Causeway, it is estimated that the average daily increase in visitation is 25,200
persons. This estimate assumes that two persons are traveling in each vehicle.
Additionally, traffic traveling through Atlantic Beach to other towns along Bogue
Banks have been subtracted from this estimate. If this figure is added to the peak
seasonal population, the peak average daily visitation to Atlantic Beach for the
year 2000 would be 50,820. If this is reduced by ten percent to account for error,
the resulting estimate is 45,198; therefore, verifying the town’s estimate.
Town of Atlantic Beach 20 Core Land Use Plan
c. Atlantic Beach Population Profile

In 2000, the majority of Atlantic Beach’s population was 35 years old or
older (70.9%). Of the total population, 36% was 55 years or older. The age of the
total population of Atlantic Beach has been increasing. From 1990 to 2000, the
median age of the town’s population increased from 31.3 to 48.7 years. This
increase is attributed to the in-migration of retired people. Table 4 provides a
summary of the age composition of the town. The distribution of male/female
population changed little from 1990 to 2000. In 1990, the male population
comprised 53.3% of the total population. By 2000, male population had decreased
slightly to 52.8% of the total population. Graph 2 depicts the age distribution.

Table 4: Town of Atlantic Beach and North Carolina
Age Composition, 2000

Atlantic Beach North Carolina
2000 2000
2000 % of Total 2000 % of Total

0 to 14 years 132 7.4% 1,653,429 20.5%
15 to 34 years 387 21.7% 2,330,854 29.0%
35 to 54 years 622 34.9% 2,372,270 29.5%
55 to 64 years 316 17.7% 723,712 9.0%
65 to 74 years 213 12.0% 533,777 6.6%
75 years and over 111 6.3% 435,271 5.4%
Total Population 1,781 100.0% 8,049,313 100.0%

Male Population

941

52.8%

3,942,695

49.0%
Female Population 840 47.2% 4,106,618 51.0%
Median Age 48.7 35.3

Source: 2000 US Census.
Town of Atlantic Beach 21 Core Land Use Plan

Graph 2: Town of Atlantic Beach
Age Composition, 2000

35.0%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%

Age Range

The population of Atlantic Beach has an unusual comparison to educational
attainment for the State of North Carolina as a whole. In 2000, the town lagged
behind the state in educational attainment for high school graduates or lower
grades. However, above the high school level, Atlantic Beach ranked ahead of
North Carolina. This is attributed to the strong in-migration of the retired
population. Table 5 provides a summary of educational attainment.

Table 5: Town of Atlantic Beach and North Carolina
Education Attainment, 2000 (Based on Persons 25 Years Old or Older)

Atlantic Beach North Carolina
Total % of Total Total % of Total
th Less than 9 Grade 43 2.8% 413,495 7.8%
th th 9 to 12 Grade, no diploma 109 7.2% 741,229 14.0%
High School Graduate (includes
equivalency)
354 23.3% 1,502,978 28.4%
Some College, no degree 428 28.2% 1,080,504 20.5%
Associate Degree 119 7.8% 358,075 6.8%
Bachelor’s Degree 328 21.6% 808,070 15.3%
Graduate/Professional Degree 138 9.1% 378,643 7.2%
Total Population 25 Years and Older 1,519 100.0% 5,282,994 100.0%

Source: 2000 US Census.
Town of Atlantic Beach 22 Core Land Use Plan
Atlantic Beach has very little minority population. Table 6 provides a
summary of the 2000 racial distribution. Only 2% of the town’s population was
non-white. Of the non-white population, only 0.6% was African-American. This
represents a slight decline from 1990 when 10.3% of the town’s population was
African-American.

Table 6: Town of Atlantic Beach and North Carolina
Racial Composition, 1990-2000

Atlantic Beach North Carolina
Total % of Total Total % of Total

2000 Population 1,781 100.0% 8,049,313 100.0%
White 1,746 98.0% 5,804,656 72.1%
Black or African-American 11 0.6% 1,737,545 21.6%
American Indian or Alaska Native 4 0.2% 99,551 1.2%
Other Race 8 0.4% 186,629 2.3%
Hispanic or Latino (or any race)* 12 0.8% 378,963 4.7%

*In the 2000 Census, the Hispanic race was not considered an ethnic group. However, this is the
number of individuals who reported being of Hispanic origin.

Source: 2000 US Census.

d. Population Summary

■ From 1970 to 2000, Atlantic Beach experienced a population
increase of 493.7%; however, total population decrease by 8.1%
from 1990 to 2000.

■ The Morehead City Township, which includes Atlantic Beach, is the
fastest growing township in Carteret County.

■ Most of the town’s population growth has been the result of in-
migration.

■ 2000 peak seasonal population was 27,431, 15.1 times the
permanent year-round population.

■ Atlantic Beach’s peak day population (day visitors and seasonal/
permanent residents) is estimated at 45,000 in 2004.
Town of Atlantic Beach 23 Core Land Use Plan
■ During the 1990s, Atlantic Beach’s median age increased rapidly
from 31.3 to 48.7.

■ Atlantic Beach’s permanent population ranks ahead of the state’s
population in college degree achievement.

■ Atlantic Beach has a very small minority population.

2. Housing

a. Housing Occupancy and Tenure

The dwelling units within Atlantic Beach are predominantly comprised of
vacant units. Based on the 2000 US Census, 79.7% of all housing units within
Atlantic Beach are vacant, and 20.3% are occupied. This statistic stresses how
much Atlantic Beach relies on vacationers and citizens who use these units as a
second home. Additionally, 89.7% of the vacant homes are considered to be for
seasonal, recreational, or occasional use. For occupied housing units, the average
monthly housing cost for Atlantic Beach residents is $1,000 dollars. Table 7 below
provides a summary of housing occupancy and tenure for Atlantic Beach and
Carteret County.

Table 7: Town of Atlantic Beach and Carteret County
Housing Occupancy and Tenure, 1990 and 2000

Town of Atlantic Beach Carteret Co.
1990 2000 2000
Total % of Total Total % of Total % of Total
Total Housing Units 4,599 4,744
Vacant: 3,664 79.7% 3,756 79.2% 38.6%
For rent* 259 7.1% 101 2.7% 5.0%
For sale only* 61 23.6% 38 1.0% 1.6%
Rented or sold, not occupied* 0 0.0% 61 1.6% 0.6%
For Seasonal, recreational or
occasional use*
3,288 89.7% 3,490 92.9% 29.3%
For Migrant Workers* 0 0.0% 2 0.1% 0.0%
Other vacant* 56 1.5% 64 1.7% 2.0%
Occupied: 935 20.3% 988 20.8% 61.4%
Owner-Occupied** 574 61.4% 638 64.6% 45.6%
Renter-Occupied** 361 38.6% 350 35.6% 15.8%
Mean Monthly Housing Cost:*** $1,000
With a Mortgage 220 Without a Mortgage 151
*Indicates breakdown of vacant household types.
**Indicates breakdown of occupied household types.
***These figures represent owner occupied units in Atlantic Beach only for the year 2000
Source: US Census Bureau.
Town of Atlantic Beach 24 Core Land Use Plan
b. Structure Age

Since 1970, Atlantic Beach has experienced rapid housing growth.
Approximately 74% of the town’s housing stock has been constructed since 1970.
The two tables below outline residential construction activity dating to the early
1900s. Table 8 provides a breakdown of years housing units were constructed from
1900 to 1998, while Table 9 and Graph 3 is a comprehensive report of building
permit activity from 1998 to September 2004. Demolition activity has also been
included since 1998. Due to the fact that Atlantic Beach’s appeal as a vacation
destination was fully realized in the late 1960s, housing construction increased
rapidly from 1970 to 1990, and has since slowed down due to the lack of
undeveloped land. This trend can be primarily attributed to the lack of vacant
land remaining subsequent to the housing boom that took place over the 30-year
period from 1970 to 1990.

Table 8: Town of Atlantic Beach
Housing Structure, 2000

Year Number of Structures % of Total

1995 to 1998 403 8.8%
1990 to 1994 381 8.3%
1980 to 1989 1,261 27.5%
1970 to 1979 1,285 28.0%
1960 to 1969 820 17.9%
1950 to 1959 307 6.7%
1940 to 1949 96 2.1%
1939 or earlier 33 0.7%
Total Structures 4,586 100.0%
Median Year Structure Built 1979
Source: US Census Bureau.
Town of Atlantic Beach 25 Core Land Use Plan
Table 9: Town of Atlantic Beach
Building Permit Activity, 1999-2004

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Construction
Single-family

28

11

15

17

30

23
Multi-family 3 2 0 8 15 10
Mobile homes 22 17 9 11 16 8
Hotel/condominium 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 53 30 24 36 61 41
Demolitions
Single-family 6 1 2 2 2 0
Multi-family 0 0 0 0 0 2
Total 6 1 2 2 2 2

Source: Town of Atlantic Beach.

Graph 3
Town of Atlantic Beach
Building Permit Activity

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Total # of Building Permits

Single Family Multi-Family Mobile Homes Hotel/Condominium Year of Issuance
Town of Atlantic Beach 26 Core Land Use Plan
c. Housing Conditions

The housing stock within Atlantic Beach is in good condition, and compares
favorably with Carteret County and North Carolina overall. Housing units within
Atlantic Beach have an average of 4.7 rooms per unit, approximately 44% of all
units have three plus bedrooms. This is significantly lower than the percentage
for Carteret County and North Carolina overall. This is mainly due to the large
number smaller condominium units within the Atlantic Beach. Table 10 provides
a summary of housing conditions for Atlantic Beach, Carteret County, and North
Carolina overall.

Table 10: Town of Atlantic Beach, Carteret County, and North Carolina
Housing Conditions

Atlantic Beach Carteret County North Carolina

Average Rooms Per Unit 4.7 5.3 5.5
Percent with no bedroom 0.5% 0.5% 1.1%
Percent with 3+ bedrooms 44.0% 62.6% 60.8%
Percent lacking complete kitchen facilities 0.3% 0.4% 1.1%
Percent lacking complete plumbing 0.3% 0.5% 1.1%
Percent occupied with telephones 96.8% 59.6% 86.2%

Source: US Census Bureau.

d. Single and Multi-Family Units

Two housing types make up the majority of the housing units within
Atlantic Beach: single-family homes and mobile homes. There are several large
mobile home parks located within the town’s jurisdiction that are predominantly
utilized as vacation or second homes. Multi-family units make up 21.1% of the
residential units in Atlantic Beach, while mobile homes comprise 27.9%. The
composition of Atlantic Beach’s housing stock underscores the town’s reliance on
seasonal residents and visitors.

Table 11: Town of Atlantic Beach, Carteret County, and North Carolina
Units in Structure and Mobile Home Count, 2000

Town of Atlantic Beach
Units in Structure Total % of Total
Carteret County
% of Total
North Carolina
% of Total
1-unit, detached 1,460 30.8% 55.7% 64.4%
1-unit, attached 776 16.4% 4.5% 3.0%
2 units 183 3.9% 3.7% 2.5%
3 or 4 units 270 5.7% 2.9% 3.2%
5 to 9 units 322 6.8% 2.5% 4.3%
10 to 19 units 57 1.2% 1.1% 3.2%
Town of Atlantic Beach 27 Core Land Use Plan
Table 11 (continued)

Town of Atlantic Beach
Units in Structure Total % of Total
Carteret County
% of Total
North Carolina
% of Total
20 units or more 353 7.4% 3.9% 2.9%
Mobile home 1,323 27.9% 25.7% 16.4%
Boat, RV, van, etc. 0 0.0% 0.0% 0.2%
Total 4,744 100% 100.0% 100.0%

Source: US Census Bureau.

e. Year Householder Moved Into Unit

This demographic provides an interesting view of how the permanent
population and owner occupants has increased over time. Table 12 provides a
summary of the year that owner occupant householders moved into residential
units within Atlantic Beach. Approximately ninety-one percent (90.7%) of all
owner occupants have moved to Atlantic Beach since 1990.

Table 12: Town of Atlantic Beach
Year Householder Moved Into Unit

Year Total % of total
Total Occupied Units 988 100.0%
1999 to March 2000 237 24.0%
1995 to 1998 292 29.6%
1990 to 1994 202 20.4%
1980 to 1989 165 16.7%
1970 to 1979 74 7.5%
Before 1970 18 1.8%
Median year householder moved into unit 1995

Source: US Census Bureau.

f. Housing Summary

■ There are 4,599 total dwelling units within Atlantic Beach. Of
these, approximately 80% (3,664) are considered vacant and 20%
(935) are occupied.

■ There are 4,831 residential structures within Atlantic Beach as of
2004; 74% of these have been constructed since 1970. This total
has been quantified using a combination of the 2000 US Census and
building permit activity provided by the Town of Atlantic Beach.
Town of Atlantic Beach 28 Core Land Use Plan
■ Residential structures within Atlantic Beach on average have 4.7
rooms per unit, and 44% have three or more bedrooms.

■ Out of the 4,744 reported in the 2000 US Census, 30.8% are single-
family homes and 27.9% are mobile homes.

■ Approximately 90.7% of all owner occupant householders have
moved into their homes on Atlantic Beach since the year 1990.

3. Employment and Economy

a. Introduction (General Economic Indicators)

The economy within Atlantic Beach relies almost entirely on the tourism
industry. Due to this fact, a large number of the town’s permanent citizens are
working in occupations not available within the town’s jurisdiction. Table 13
provides a summary of economic indicators for Atlantic Beach and Carteret
County. The per capita income for residents of the town in 1999 was $31,339,
compared to $21,260 for Carteret County. Additionally, the mean income for the
town is also higher than that of the county. Unemployment is slightly higher for
Atlantic Beach than the county; however, it should be noted that residents of the
town generally do not rely on jobs within the beach community for work. Many
residents work on the mainland in Beaufort, Morehead City, or other areas in
Carteret County.

Table 13: Town of Atlantic Beach and Carteret County
Summary of Economic Indicators

Year Atlantic Beach Carteret County

Per Capita Income 1999 $31,339 $21,260
Mean Income 1999 $55,707 $49,509
Unemployment Rate 2000 3.2% 2.9%
% of population in labor force 2000 63.3% 60.0%
Poverty Rate 2000 7.3% 10.7%

Source: NC Department of Commerce and 2000 US Census.

b. Household Income

According to the 2000 US Census, the median income for Atlantic Beach’s
citizens is $38,312, compared to $39,184 for North Carolina overall. The
permanent population within Atlantic Beach is composed of many retirees, which
Town of Atlantic Beach 29 Core Land Use Plan
reduces the household income and may be responsible for the median income
falling below that of the state. Approximately fifty-four percent (53.7%) of the
town’s citizens make $35,000 or more annually. Table 14 provides a summary of
household income for the permanent population of Atlantic Beach.

Table 14: Town of Atlantic Beach
Household Income, 2000

North Carolina
Total % of Total % of Total
Less than $10,000 62 6.2% 5.9%
$10,000 to $14,999 69 6.9% 4.6%
$15,000 to $24,999 160 16.1% 11.8%
$25,000 to $34,999 169 17.0% 13.1%
$35,000 to $49,999 168 16.9% 18.7%
$50,000 to $74,999 161 16.2% 22.9%
$75,000 to $99,999 93 9.4% 11.1%
$100,000 to $149,999 78 7.9% 7.6%
$150,000 to $199,999 4 0.4% 2.1%
$200,000 or more 29 2.9% 2.2%
Total Families 993 100.0% 100.0%
Median Income $38,312 $39,184
Source: 2000 US Census.

c. Employment By Industry

Table 15 provides a summary of employment by industry for Atlantic
Beach. As stated above, many of the jobs listed in this table are not located
within town, but are jobs that citizens commute to on the mainland. The largest
employer of citizens living in Atlantic Beach is retail trade, comprising 17% of the
total jobs. This can also be attributed to the fact that the town is a tourist
destination, and that the economy centers around tourism. The second largest
employer is the construction industry, which is a result of the rapid growth and
development that is taking place in the region.
Town of Atlantic Beach 30 Core Land Use Plan
Table 15: Town of Atlantic Beach
Employment By Industry, 2000

Industry # Employed % Employed
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Mining 7 0.7%
Construction 135 14.4%
Manufacturing 21 2.2%
Wholesale Trade 37 3.9%
Retail Trade 159 17.0%
Transportation, Warehousing, and Utilities 40 4.3%
Information 21 2.2%
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, and Rental and Leasing 104 11.1%
Professional, Scientific, Management, Administrative, and
Waste Management Services
74 7.9%
Education, Health, and Social Services 150 16.0%
Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, Accommodation, and Food
Services
90 9.6%
Other Services (except Public Administration) 36 3.8%
Public Administration 64 6.8%
Total Persons Employed 16 Years and Over 938 100.0%
Source: US Census Bureau.

d. Earnings By Industry

The data provided for average weekly earnings by industry in Table 16 is
for Carteret County, with a comparison to North Carolina overall. This data is not
available at the municipal level, so the data for the county has been substituted.
Government jobs in the county provide the highest average weekly wage for
Carteret County residents at $579.53 per week. Overall, the wages for North
Carolina are significantly higher than Carteret County. The average weekly wage
for North Carolina overall is $204 dollars higher than that of Carteret County.

Table 16: Carteret County and North Carolina
Earnings by Industry, 2000

Average Weekly Earnings
Carteret County North Carolina
Industry

Agriculture $381.20 $416.35
Construction $430.72 $598.43
Finance/Insurance/Real Estate $437.14 $907.31
Government $579.53 $622.30
Manufacturing $412.41 $716.21
Town of Atlantic Beach 31 Core Land Use Plan
Table 16 (continued)

Average Weekly Earnings
Carteret County North Carolina
Industry
Retail Trade $265.09 $336.64
Wholesale Trade $453.71 $783.87
Service $390.79 $580.23
Transportation/Communications/Public Utilities $552.30 $775.01

Source: 2000 US Census.

e. Employment Commuting Patterns

Table 17 provides a summary of commuting time to work for the Atlantic
Beach permanent population. This data legitimizes the claim that a majority of
town residents have jobs on the mainland. Approximately fifty-three (53.3%)
percent of town residents have a commuting time of 15 minutes or more. The
mean travel time to work is 21.2 minutes for all residents.

Table 17: Town of Atlantic Beach
Travel Times to Work

Travel Time in minutes Total % of Total
Less than five minutes 78 8.4%
5 to 9 minutes 180 19.3%
10 to 14 minutes 177 19.0%
15 to 19 minutes 182 19.5%
20 to 24 minutes 78 8.4%
25 to 29 minutes 29 3.1%
30 to 34 minutes 107 11.5%
35 to 39 minutes 15 1.6%
40 to 44 minutes 6 0.6%
45 to 59 minutes 12 1.3%
60 to 89 minutes 35 3.8%
90 minutes or more 33 3.5%
Total 932 100.0%
Total workers 16 years and
over 982
Mean travel time: 21.2
Source: 2000 US Census.
Town of Atlantic Beach 32 Core Land Use Plan
Parking
Industrial
Commercial
O&I
f. Non-Residential Construction Activity

Table 18 and Graph 4 provide a summary of non-residential building permit
activity dating back to 1995. Since 1995, the largest number of non-residential
permits were issued for the construction of commercial operations. Permits issued
for commercial operations include businesses such as amusement, social, and
recreational operations; service stations and repair garages; and stores and
customer service operations. Office and institutional structures made up a
majority of the remaining construction activity dating back to 1995.

Table 18: Town of Atlantic Beach
Non-Residential Building Permit Activity

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Total
Construction
O&I 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 1 2 1 9
Commercial 1 0 3 3 0 2 2 1 2 0 14
Industrial 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Parking 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Total 2 0 4 6 0 2 3 2 4 1 24
Demolitions
Other 5 4 1 2 0 0 3 2 11 8 36
Total 5 4 1 2 0 0 3 2 11 8 36

Source: Town of Atlantic Beach.

Graph 4: Town of Atlantic Beach
Non Residential Building Permit Activity

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

# of Permits Year
Town of Atlantic Beach 33 Core Land Use Plan
g. Industries

The major industry within Atlantic Beach is tourism. Specific data
regarding tourism is not available at the municipal level so county data collected
from the NC Department of Commerce was used. Carteret County is ranked 12th

in travel impact among the 100 North Carolina counties. In 2003, domestic
tourism in Carteret County generated an economic impact of $224.26 million, a
70% increase since 1990. State and local tax revenues from travel amounted to
$25.82 million creating a $422 tax savings to county residents. Travel generated
a $49.91 million payroll. More than 3,310 jobs within the county are directly
attributable to travel and tourism.

Carteret County consistently leads North Carolina in commercial seafood
landings. A 1994 study by the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries found
that commercial fishing in Carteret County generated an estimated $46 million in
sales of goods and services, and an additional $24 million in value added, for a
combined impact of approximately $70 million. Nearly $14 million in employee
compensation was paid to n early 5,000 workers employed full or part-time in the
commercial seafood industry in 1994.

In addition, recreational saltwater fishing adds an additional $130 million
in sales of goods and services and employs over 600 people with an annual payroll
exceeding $12 million.

h. Employment and Economy Summary

■ The per capita income for Atlantic Beach residents is $31,339 and
the mean income is $55,707.

■ The median household income for citizens of Atlantic Beach was
$38,312 according to the 2000 US Census, and 53.7% of the town’s
residents take in an annual income of $35,000 or more.

■ The largest employer of Atlantic Beach residents is the retail trade
industry, accounting for seventeen percent (17%) of the total jobs
reported in the census for persons employed age sixteen and over.

■ Government jobs pay the highest average weekly wage to
permanent residents of Atlantic Beach. This data is based on
information for Carteret County overall, due to the fact that this
information is not available at the municipal level.

■ Approximately fifty-three percent of all Atlantic Beach residents
have commuting time of fifteen minutes or more to work.
Town of Atlantic Beach 34 Core Land Use Plan
■ The largest number of non-residential building permits have been
granted for commercial construction dating back to 1990.

■ Tourism is the major industry within Atlantic Beach.

■ Domestic tourism generated an economic impact of $224.26 million
in 2003.

■ Carteret County is ranked 12th in the state for travel impact.

■ In Carteret County more than 3,310 jobs are directly attributable
to travel and tourism.

■ Commercial fishing still has a presence in Atlantic Beach; however,
the number of individuals relying on this industry has decreased
over the last five to ten years.

4. Population Projections

Table 19 provides Region P population projections through year 2030. These
projections were prepared by the North Carolina Office of State Planning.

Table 19
Region P Population Projections, 2000-2030

Year-Round Population Percentage Change

‘00-
Location 2000 2010 2020 2030 ‘10
‘10-
‘20
‘20-
‘30
Overall
‘00-‘30
Carteret 59,383 63,939 67,762 69,962 7.6% 5.9% 3.2% 17.8%
Craven 91,523 96,583 101,059 103,865 5.5% 4.6% 2.7% 13.4%
Duplin 40,063 58,044 68,899 80,764 44.8% 18.7% 17.2% 101.5%
Greene 18,974 22,558 26,332 30,130 18.8% 16.7% 14.4% 58.7%
Lenoir 59,636 59,951 60,794 61,143 0.5% 1.4% 5.7% 2.7%
Jones 10,381 10,661 11,276 11,744 2.7% 5.8% 4.2% 13.1%
Onslow 150,355 164,883 173,617 180,615 9.6% 5.3% 4.0% 20.1%
Pamlico 12,934 13,735 14,663 15,271 6.1% 6.7% 4.1% 18.0%
Wayne 113,329 119,977 128,554 136,495 5.8% 7.1% 6.1% 20.4%
Region P 556,578 610,331 652,956 689,989 9.7% 7.0% 5.7% 24.2%
North
Carolina
8,049,313 9,491,372 10,943,973 12,467,232 17.9% 15.3% 13.9% 54.8%

Source: North Carolina Office of State Planning.
Town of Atlantic Beach 35 Core Land Use Plan
All counties in Region P are projected to have population growth through 2030.
The rates of growth range from a low of 2.7% in Lenoir County to a high of 101.5% in
Duplin County. Carteret County is expected to experience an overall rate of growth of
17.8% by 2030. It is expected that the majority of this growth will occur in the Morehead
City Township and Emerald Isle.

Neither the North Carolina Office of State Planning nor the North Carolina State
Demographic Office or any other State agency produces municipal population projections
in North Carolina. Furthermore, population projections in a community with large
seasonal populations are notoriously difficult to make with accuracy, due to the fact that
most housing units frequently vary in tenure between seasonal occupancy, rental
occupancy, and permanent occupancy.

Nonetheless, permanent and seasonal population projections for the Town through
the year 2030 is essential in predicting the need for critical infrastructure and land for
residential and commercial development.

This plan projects an average annual permanent population growth rate of 2.89%
per year in the Town through the year 2030, starting from the 2000 US Census population
of 1,781 permanent residents, resulting in a 2030 permanent population of 3,304.
Table 20 reflects these projections. This projection is based on the following data and
assumptions:

■ Due to the very limited availability of currently undeveloped and
developable raw land in the Town limits, the inability of the Town to
annex more raw land, and numerous regulatory and other restraints,
significantly increased overall density of residential redevelopment is
highly unlikely. Therefore we have assumed that only another fifty (50)
acres of land will be converted from its current use (e.g., vacant,
commercial) to residential use and that this land and current residential
areas will have the same effective density as is currently found in
residential areas of the Town today (2005) - 7.41 units per acre on
average. With these assumptions, the Town can only absorb another 370
units above its current 4,744 units. Therefore, we assume that
approximately 42 units per year will be added in the Town (based on the
1995-2004 average from building permit data) through 2010 when the
approximate limit of 5,114 residential units will be reached.

■ Based on US Census figures for the year 2000, only 20.5% of residential
units in the Town are permanently (i.e., more than six continuous months
per year) occupied. Society-wide demographic trends related to the
impending retirement of the “baby-boom” generation (born between 1946
Town of Atlantic Beach 36 Core Land Use Plan
and 1964) indicate that more and more currently “seasonal” housing units
will be converted to “permanent” units as retirees flock to permanently
settle in coastal Sunbelt locations such as Atlantic Beach. Therefore, the
percentage of residential units in the Town that are permanently, rather
than seasonally, occupied is projected to increase by 0.5 percentage points
per year through 2030, resulting in 35.5% of the units in the Town being
permanently occupied by 2030.

■ The average number of persons per housing unit is anticipated to stay the
same as in 2000 at 1.82 persons per household. The housing vacancy rate
of housing units, currently at 5.70%, is anticipated to be reduced by .05%
per year until it reaches 5.00% in 2015 and is assumed to stay constant at
5.00% through 2030. These assumptions are based on broad trends in the
area towards older and smaller households and real estate averages
regarding vacancy rates.

■ It should be noted that the Town believes that US Census population
enumerations chronically underestimate the number of permanent
residents in the Town, due to the fact that many residents do have
secondary residences and they may wish to retain legal residence in these
secondary residences for a variety of reasons, despite the fact that they
spend more than six months each year in Atlantic Beach.

Peak daily (i.e., overnight visitors plus daytime only visitors) seasonal population
for 2000 is estimated at 32,218 and peak overnight seasonal population is estimated at
12,448 in 2000. The number of daytime only visitors is expected to grow by
approximately 27.3% by 2030, while the number of overnight guests is expected to remain
very close to static. Seasonal population projections through 2030 are depicted on Table
20 below. Seasonal population projections are based on the following data and
assumptions:

■ Based on traffic studies and a large body of anecdotal local evidence,
Memorial Day weekend is assumed to be, in most years, the peak weekend
for visitors to the Town.

■ The total number of units available for seasonal use is assumed to be the
total number of units minus permanent units minus vacant units. One-
hundred percent occupancy of these designated “seasonal units” is
assumed at the peak weekend.

■ Two (2) guests are assumed per permanent residence during the peak
weekend.
Town of Atlantic Beach 37 Core Land Use Plan

■ Three (3) guests are assumed per seasonal residence during the peak
weekend.

■ Daytime-only visitors were estimated by examining the difference between
average annual daily traffic (AADT) counts on Fort Macon Road near the
Atlantic Beach Causeway and traffic counts on the peak weekend
(Memorial Day, 2004). The AADT at this site was approximately 17,000
vehicles, while the peak traffic count was approximately 26,000 vehicles.
Assuming every two vehicles counted reflected one vehicle (one incoming
trip and one outgoing trip), and that each vehicle had an average of two
(2) passengers, there were 9,000 daytime only visitors in 2000 at the peak
weekend.

■ The NC Office of State Planning is projecting a 24.2% increase in the
population of “Region P” planning region from 2000 to 2030. This area
includes Carteret, Craven, Duplin, Greene, Lenoir, Jones, Onslow, Pamlico,
and Wayne counties. We have assumed that daytime-only visitors will
increase at approximately the same rate as “Region P,” with some
additional visitors (approximately 3%) coming from beyond this area.
Therefore, we have assumed that average daytime visitors will increase by
0.81% per year for each year through 2030.

Table 20: Town of Atlantic Beach, NC
Permanent, Seasonal, and Total Peak Population Projections, 2000 - 2030

Year
Permanent
Population Estimate
% Pop. Growth
Previous 5 Years
Peak Seasonal
Overnight Visitors
Peak Daytime
Only Visitors
Total Peak Day
Population
2000 1,770 N/A 12,448 9,000 23,218
2005 2,074 17.16% 12,913 9,369 24,355
2010 2,373 14.45% 13,240 9,753 25,367
2015 2,606 9.80% 13,143 10,153 25,902
2020 2,839 8.93% 13,015 10,570 26,423
2025 3,071 8.20% 12,887 11,003 26,962
2030 3,304 7.58% 12,759 11,454 27,517

Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Town of Atlantic Beach 38 Core Land Use Plan
B. NATURAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

1. Mapping and Analysis of Natural Features

The purpose of this section of the CAMA Land Use Plan Update is to describe,
analyze, and map the natural features and environmental conditions currently found in
the Town of Atlantic Beach and to assess their capabilities and limitations for
development.

As required by CAMA
regulations at Chapter 15A of
t h e N o r t h C a r o l i n a
Administrative Code, a
primary unit of analysis to be
used is the 14 -digit
hydrological unit code (HUC)
delineated by the Natural
Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS). The entire
T o w n a n d p l a n n i n g
jurisdiction of Atlantic Beach
is located within HUC
number 03020106030082,
the boundaries of which are
provided on Map 4. Please
see the adjacent text box for
a definition of the HUC and a
d e s c r i p t i o n o f i t s
significance.

a. Topography/Geology

The Town of Atlantic Beach ranges in elevation from sea level at the coast
to approximately 45 feet above sea level at some primary dune areas. The
majority of the dune areas are between 10 and 20 feet above sea level. The
highest elevation in a developed area is approximately 20 feet above sea level,
just east of the Atlantic Beach Circle.

Whereas large areas of the Town have been filled for development, a
majority of the Town is completely level and slopes range primarily from zero to
four percent throughout Town. Within dune areas, slopes can range up to 30
percent, with the steepest slopes found in the Beaches-Newhan, Fripp fine sand,
and Newhan fine sand complex soils (see Map 8, page 54).
What are Hydrological Units?

The United States is divided and sub-divided into successively
smaller hydrologic units which are classified into six levels. The
first of these four are established by the U.S. Geological Survey
and are as follows: regions, sub-regions, accounting units, and
cataloging units. The hydrologic units are arranged within each
other, from the smallest (cataloging units) to the largest
(regions). Each hydrologic unit is identified by a unique
hydrologic unit code (HUC) consisting of two to eight digits
based on the four levels of classification in the hydrologic unit
system.

The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has further
subdivided the aforementioned cataloging units into smaller
units - the 11-digit HUC (watershed) and the 14-digit HUC (sub
watershed or local watershed). This smallest level of analysis -
the 14-digit HUC - is the best level of analysis since it allows for
the assessment of localized conditions and impacts, particularly
in regards to water quality.

03020106030030 03020106030040

03020106030020 03020106030070

03020106030060

03020106030080
03020106040010

030201060

03020106040022

0 0.5
Miles
1 2 3 4

MAP 4
Town of Atlantic Beach
Land Use Plan
14-Digit Hydrologic Code Page 39
Town of Atlantic Beach 40 Core Land Use Plan
The Town of Atlantic Beach (and all of Carteret County) is underlain by a
thick wedge of sedimentary deposits of the Pleistocene era. This material,
however, is overlain by approximately 80 to 120 feet of shell fragments,
calcareous materials and loamy soils, with a thick layer of limestone below 120
feet. The upper reaches of this limestone layer are probably part of the Yorktown
geological formation of the Pliocene era.

Two primarily limestone aquifers underlay Atlantic Beach and serve as the
source of its water supply - the Yorktown and Castle Hayne aquifers, which will be
discussed in further detail in Section 5(B)(1)(f) below.

The primary ramifications of the Town’s topography and geology are:

1) The susceptibility of the Town’s beaches to erosion due to the
effects of alongshore sediment transport and other features of the
coastal geomorphology of the Town. Without beach nourishment,
the Town can expect continued erosion into the indefinite future.
In 1998, the North Carolina Division of Coastal Management (DCM)
estimated the natural (i.e., without beach nourishment) average
erosion rate of the Town’s beaches as 2 feet per year (Source:
Long-Term Average Annual Shoreline Change study, DCM, 1998).

2) The flat, low-lying topography of the Town coupled with its
location directly on the Atlantic Ocean exposes the Town to
significant risks from hurricanes and other tropical/extra-tropical
weather systems and the potential impacts of sea level rise or
tsunamis. Hurricane and other weather system impacts on flooding
will be discussed in detail in section 5(B)(1)(c) below.

Flooding resulting from sea level rise may be a long-term problem
for the Town of Atlantic Beach. Over the last 100 years, the sea
level has risen approximately one foot. Most experts agree that
the rate of sea level rise will increase over the next 100 years. The
most reliable current estimate of sea level rise over the next
century is approximately 2 feet, with a maximum increase of as
much as 4 to 7 feet. (Source: The Probability of Sea Level Rise.
James G. Titus and Vijay Narayanan. 1995. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. 186 pp. EPA 230-R95-008).
Town of Atlantic Beach 41 Core Land Use Plan
An increase of that magnitude (i.e., 4 to 7 feet) would be a serious
problem for Atlantic Beach. Approximately 50% or more of the
Town could be inundated. The impact of sea level rise has serious
adverse transportation and access implications for all of Bogue
Banks. Many inland Carteret County roads could be inundated and
impede access to Bogue Banks.

In addition to transportation, sea level rise could have serious
implications for the construction of public utilities. The following
excerpt from the Environmental Impact Statement, Town of
Atlantic Beach Wastewater Treatment and Disposal provides an
example of the potential effects of sea level rise on the Town's
plans to construct a wastewater treatment plant and collection
system:

"The present rate of rise in sea level has been reported to be
approximately 23 cm/100 years (Orrin Pilkey, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina). Other estimates of higher rates of rise in sea level are
not uncommon. Since the life of a typical treatment plant is anticipated
to be approximately 20-25 years and the life of a typical collection system
40-50 years, the present rate of rise is not expected to significantly affect
these components. Discharge is not anticipated to be significantly
affected by the anticipated rise in sea level. Land application sites could
be significantly affected in the long run by a rise in sea level since the
number of days the water table would be at minimum depth below the
land surface should be reduced, thereby reducing the number of days
during which land application could be accomplished. The life of
irrigation equipment is typically 10-15 years. Irrigation equipment is
moveable and may be relocated if necessary. The rise in sea level will
have far greater impacts on land use than on any of the three alternatives
under consideration. Artificial methods of lowering the water table could
be employed at land application sites if necessary due to problems
encountered by a rise in sea level." (Note: 23 cm is approximately nine
inches.)

The rate of sea level rise should be carefully monitored.

3) The aforementioned Castle Hayne aquifer, because of its geological
composition, is susceptible to salt water intrusion. This condition
is exacerbated by the expected sea level rise described above.
Town of Atlantic Beach 42 Core Land Use Plan
Salt water is present in the eastern portion
of the Castle Hayne aquifer. The top of the
salt water ranges from 250 to 800 feet
below ground surface. There does not
appear to be any impermeable strata
separating the fresh and salt water. The US
Marine Corps base at Camp Lejeune in
Onslow County, the Town of Wrightsville
Beach in New Hanover County, and the PCS
Phosphate mining operations in Beaufort
County have witnessed increases in chloride
concentrations in groundwater which had
been fresh water.

Because of the concerns regarding salt
water intrusion and aquifer recharge rates,
approximately 2,500 square miles of the
Castle Hayne aquifer, including the portion
underlying Carteret County, have been
designated as a capacity use area by the NC
Groundwater Section due primarily to large
groundwater withdrawals by the PCS
Phosphate mine near Aurora and to
increased withdrawals associated with
urban development. A capacity use area is
defined as an area where the use of water
resources threatens to exceed the
replenishment ability to the extent that
regulation may be required (see text box to
the left).

According to DWR Hydrologist Nat Wilson,
since PCS Phosphate shifted its mining
operations and decreased pumping
activities from approximately 68 MGD in
1990 to 35 MGD in 2003, the cone of
depression centered on the mine has
lessened, showing that the aquifer is capable of recharging itself fairly quickly. Wilson
said these developments indicate that it may be possible to manage the resources of the
Castle Hayne aquifer by methods other than limiting withdrawals (Source: Water
Resources Research Institute). In any case, salt water intrusion will continue to be a
serious problem confronting the town, and must be closely monitored.
What are the CCPCUA Water Withdrawal
Rules?

The Central Coastal Plain Capacity Use Area
(CCPCUA) rules took effect on August 1, 2002,
administered by the NC Division of Water
Resources. The rules regulate water
withdrawals within a 15-county area of east-
central North Carolina, including the Town of
Atlantic Beach.

Who Must Comply with the Rules?
All those within the region who withdraw more
than 10,000 gallons per day of groundwater
and/or surface water.

What Does the New Rule Require?
* Users of more than 10,000 gallons per
day of groundwater and/or surface
water must register and report their
annual water use.
* Users of more than 100,000 gallons per
day of groundwater must apply for a
water use permit, and those permitted
users of the Cretaceous Aquifer System
in critical areas must reduce
withdrawals in staged amounts over
the next 16 years (at years 6, 11, and
16).
* Well pump intakes must be placed
above the top of the aquifer from
which water is withdrawn.
* Permitted users must monitor and
report water levels and withdrawal
amounts to the State.
* Owners of mines, sandpits, and
quarries are required to apply for
withdrawal permits and develop
dewatering or depressurization
monitoring plans. (Source: NC Rural
Town of Atlantic Beach 43 Core Land Use Plan
b. Climate

Owing to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean, the climate of Atlantic Beach
is mild throughout the year (see Table 21 below). The sea breezes along the coast
during the hot summers and the mild winters make this an ideal climate. Cover
crops and hardy vegetables can be grown during the winter, and outdoor work can
be carried on. The ground very seldom freezes and then only a thin crust forms
which thaws very quickly. The snowfall is very light and lasts only a short time.

The average annual rainfall is 51.26 inches. It is well distributed
throughout the year.

Table 21: Climatic Conditions by Month at Atlantic Beach, NC

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Average temp. (F) 46.3 47.9 54.1 61.3 69.4 76.4 80.5 79.6 75.4 65.8 57.3 49.6
High temperature (F) 57.0 59.0 65.1 72.0 78.8 84.9 88.6 88.0 84.5 76.5 68.3 60.3
Low temperature (F) 35.5 36.8 43.0 50.6 59.9 67.8 72.3 71.1 66.2 55.1 46.3 38.9
Precipitation (in) 5.4 4.0 4.3 2.9 4.7 4.0 5.9 7.5 6.5 4.4 4.1 4.5
Days with precip. 11 10 10 8 9 10 13 12 10 8 8 9
Wind speed (mph) 10.1 10.4 10.7 10.7 9.6 9.2 8.7 8.1 8.7 8.9 9.0 9.5
Morning humidity (%) 81 80 81 80 83 84 86 88 88 86 83 81
Afternoon humidity (%) 61 57 56 53 59 63 66 66 64 59 58 60
Sunshine %) 53 56 62 69 66 65 64 63 62 62 60 54
Days clear of clouds 10 9 10 11 8 7 6 7 9 12 11 10
Partly cloudy days 6 6 8 8 11 11 11 11 10 7 7 7
Cloudy days 15 13 14 11 12 12 13 12 12 11 11 14
Snowfall (in) 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

Source: National Weather Service.

c. Flood Zones

Approximately 95% of Atlantic Beach lies within Special Flood Hazard Areas
(SFHAs). A SFHA is defined as a land area with a greater than 1% chance per year
of flooding and is also known as a “floodplain” (Source: Federal Emergency
Management Agency or “FEMA”). SFHA are indicated on Flood Insurance Rate
Maps (FIRMs), which are considered the most reliable and consistent source for
delineating SFHAs and are the source used to determine whether or not the
purchase of flood insurance is mandatory for developed properties with
mortgages. According to FEMA, a home located within an SFHA has a 26% chance
of suffering flood damage during the term of a 30-year mortgage.
Town of Atlantic Beach 44 Core Land Use Plan
SFHAs are broken into “A” zones and “V” zones. “A” zones are areas
subject to risk of flooding by standing or relatively static flood waters, while “V”
zones are areas subject to wave action. Shaded X is a supplemental flood hazard
area in which there is a 0.2% per year chance of flooding, also known as the “500-
year floodplain” (Source: FEMA). Flood hazard areas are depicted graphically on
Map 5 and characterized in Table 22 below.

Table 22: Town of Atlantic Beach
Land Area by SFHA

Flood Hazard Areas Acres % from Total
A zone 1,037.6 62.9%
V zone 195.9 11.9%
Shaded X 341.2 20.7%
X (Outside of SFHA) 75.9 4.6%
TOTAL 1,650.6 100.0%
*Please note that road rights-of-way and water are included in this figure.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.

The greatest threat of flooding in the Town of Atlantic Beach is from storm
surge. The majority of Atlantic Beach's land area lies below ten feet above mean
sea level and is potentially subject to storm surge related flooding. Storm surge
is ocean overwash associated with hurricanes or other tropical or extra-tropical
weather events.

Oceanana Fishing Pier in Atlantic Beach
during Hurricane Isabel, September 2003
(Source: Carteret County News-Times)
Map 6 shows the general areas
of Atlantic Beach which may be
affected by hurricane-generated
storm surge based on the SLOSH (Sea,
Lake, and Overland Surges from
Hurricanes) model developed by the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA), which
computes storm surge heights from
tropical cyclones, such as hurricanes.
The SLOSH model estimates the
extent of storm surge inundation for
“fast -moving ” storms (forward
velocity greater than 15 miles per
hour) and for “slow-moving” storms
(forward velocity less than 15 miles
per hour).

1 inch = 1,625 feet

Feet

Legend
0 1,000 2,000 4,000 6,000

MAP 5

Town of Atlantic Beach
Land Use Plan
Flood Hazard Areas

Corporate Limits
Hydrology
Flood Hazard
AE
SHADED X
VE
X (outside of SFHA)

Page 45
A T L A N T I C O C E A N
W Fort Macon Dr
E Terminal Blvd Mobile Dr Center Dr ayview Blvd Marina Village
Bayview Blvd

1 inch = 1,625 feet

Feet
Legend
Corporate Limits
Hydrology
SLOSH Model - Slow Moving Storm
0 1,000 2,000 4,000 6,000

MAP 6
Town of Atlantic Beach
Land Use Plan
SLOSH-
Hurricane Storm Surge Inundation
Fast and Slow Moving Storms

Category 1 and Category 2
Category 3
Category 4 and Category 5
SLOSH Model- Fast Moving Storm
Category 1 and Category 2
Category 3
Category 4 and Category 5

Page 46
W Fort Macon Dr
E Terminal Blvd
A T L A N T I C O C E A N Mobile Dr Center Dr Marina Village
Town of Atlantic Beach 47 Core Land Use Plan
Table 23 below provides a tabular representation of the area in the Town
inundated by storm surge flooding at different category events.

Table 23: Town of Atlantic Beach
Storm Surge Inundation at Different Magnitude Storm Events based on SLOSH Model

Fast Storm Inundation

Acres*
% of Total
Town Land Area
Category 1/2 1,102.9 66.8%
Category 3 1,241.4 75.2%
Category 4/5 1,409.0 85.4%

Slow Storm Inundation

Acres*

% of Total
Town Land Area
Category 1/2 611.3 37.0%
Category 3 891.7 54.0%
Category 4/5 1,246.8 75.5%

*Please note that road rights-of-way and water are included in these figures.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.

The various categories of storm surge areas and a description of expected
damages are provided below:

Category 1. Winds of 74 to 95 miles per hour. Damage primarily to
shrubbery, trees, foliage, and unanchored mobile homes. No appreciable wind
damage to other structures. Some damage to poorly constructed signs. Storm
surge possibly 4 to 5 feet above normal. Low-lying roads inundated, minor pier
damage, some small craft in exposed anchorage torn from moorings.

Category 2. Winds of 96 to 110 miles per hour. Considerable damage to
shrubbery and tree foliage; some trees blown down. Major damage to exposed
mobile homes. Extensive damage to poorly constructed signs. Some damage to
roofing materials of buildings; some window and door damage. No major wind
damage to buildings. Storm surge possibly 6 to 8 feet above normal. Coastal
roads and low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 2 to 4 hours before
arrival of hurricane center. Considerable damage to piers. Marinas flooded.
Small craft in unprotected anchorages torn from moorings. Evacuation of some
shoreline residences and low-lying island areas required.

Category 3. Winds of 111 to 130 miles per hour. Foliage torn from trees;
large trees blown down. Practically all poorly constructed signs blown down.
Some damage to roofing materials of buildings; some window and door damage.
Town of Atlantic Beach 48 Core Land Use Plan
Some structural damage to small buildings. Mobile homes destroyed. Storm surge
possibly 9 to 12 feet above normal. Serious flooding at coast and many smaller
structures near coast destroyed; larger structures near coast damaged by battering
waves and floating debris. Low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 3 to
5 hours before hurricane center arrives.

Category 4. Winds of 131 to 155 miles per hour. Shrubs and trees blown
down; all signs down. Extensive damage to roofing materials, windows, and doors.
Complete failure of roofs on many small residences. Complete destruction of
mobile homes. Storm surge possibly 13 to 18 feet above normal. Major damage
to lower floors of structures near shore due to flooding and battering by waves and
floating debris. Low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours
before hurricane center arrives. Major erosion of beaches.

Category 5. Winds greater than 155 miles per hour. Shrubs and trees
blown down; considerable damage to roofs of buildings; all signs down. Very
severe and extensive damage to windows and doors. Complete failure of roofs on
many residences and industrial buildings. Extensive shattering of glass in windows
and doors. Some complete building failures. Small buildings overturned or blown
away. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Storm surge possibly greater than
18 feet above normal. Major damage to lower floors of all structures less than 15
feet above sea level. Low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 3 to 5
hours before hurricane center arrives.

Please note that the above data regarding storm surge presume a “direct
hit” by the eye of the storm at Atlantic Beach. Actual inundation areas, damages
and impacts will likely be less severe than the model if the Town receives a
“glancing blow” from a storm.

The Town adopted a Hazard Mitigation Plan in January 2005. The plan is
designed to enable the Town to be more prepared for natural disasters. The goals
and mitigation implementation measures of that plan are included as Appendix III.
If either the Land Use Plan or the Hazard Mitigation Plan are revised, a review of
each plan for consistency is necessary.

Atlantic Beach also experiences intermittent flooding from high intensity
rainfall and storm water runoff. The soil associations shown on Map 8 provide an
indication of the locations of high water table areas. The water table depths,
flooding frequency, and permeability rates for various soil types are provided in
section 5(B)(1)(e) below regarding soils.
Town of Atlantic Beach 49 Core Land Use Plan
d. Man-Made Hazards/Restrictions

The Town of Atlantic Beach does not have any sites that have a quantity
of hazardous materials sufficient to require reporting to the State, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), or the County Emergency Management
Office.

The only man-made hazards located in Atlantic Beach are fuel storage
tanks located at marinas, retail stores, and service stations that are engaged in
selling fuel. Because the town relies on groundwater for its water supply, the
underground fuel tanks could pose a threat. Table 24 below provides a list of
facilities with underground storage tanks registered with the Groundwater Section
of the North Carolina Division of Waste Management, Department of Environment
and Natural Resources. Table 24 also indicates facilities with identified UST leaks
and Map 7 provides a graphic depiction of the location of these sites.

Table 24: Town of Atlantic Beach
Registered Underground Storage Tanks

UST
Number

Facility Name

Facility Address
Known Petroleum
Leak? (Y or N)
0-007527 Holiday Inn (Jim Dandy) Salter Path Rd Y
0-023551 Town of Atlantic Beach
Complex
125 West Fort Macon Rd Y
0-004613 Scotchman #57 303 Morehead Ave Y
0-032592 White Sand Mini Mart 701 Salter Path Rd Y
0-011143 Kwik Mart #9 (The Pantry
908)
605 East Fort Macon Rd Y
0-026913 Scotchman #140 Fort Macon Rd Y
0-000205 Former Walter’s Exxon
Station
122 West Fort Macon Rd Y
0-023502 Scotchman #189 2510 West Fort Macon Rd Y
0-007194 Fort Macon Marina Fort Macon Rd N
0-007370 USCG Base Ft. Macon P.O. Box 237 N
0-011143 The Pantry 918 605 East Fort Macon Rd N
0-007520 Crows Nest Yacht Club,
Inc.
407 Atlantic Beach
Causeway
N
0-004858 Sea Water Marina 400 Atlantic Beach
Causeway
N
0-007512 Town of Indian Beach Salter Path Rd N
0-032592 Handy House 5 Fort Macon Rd N
0-036649 Island Cove 2500 West Fort Macon Rd N
0-031783 Fort Macon State Park 2300 East Fort Macon Rd N
Town of Atlantic Beach 50 Core Land Use Plan
Table 24 (continued)

UST
Number

Facility Name

Facility Address
Known Petroleum
Leak? (Y or N)
0-031490 Pilot House/DBA
Jungleland
Salter Path Rd N
0-025125 Atlantic Beach Causeway 300 Atlantic Beach
Causeway
N
0-033219 Triple S Partnership 1151 East Fort Macon Rd N
0-032899 Morehead City-Pine Knoll
Shores
Roosevelt Dr N
0-021492 Atlantic Beach RMS Cedar Ln N

Source: Walter Plekan, Hydrogeologist, UST Section, DENR January, 2005.

North Carolina’s underground storage tank program is administered by the
Division of Waste Management’s UST Section in the North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). The UST Section enforces UST
regulations and manages funds used to perform cleanups of petroleum UST
discharges or releases. The program was initiated in 1988 in response to growing
reports of USTs leaking petroleum into soil and drinking water supplies. All tank
removal and efforts to remove ground and groundwater contamination should be
coordinated with the UST Section of DENR.

Additionally, the NC Division of Waste Management’s Underground Storage
Tank (UST) Section has the following recommendations for new developments:

■ Remove any abandoned or out-of-use USTs. The UST Section should
be notified of any USTs to be permanently closed or installed.

■ Any UST installed within 500' of a public water supply well or within
500' of any surface water classified as HQW, ORW, WS-I, WS-II, or
SA must be secondarily contained.

■ Any releases from USTs must be reported to the local UST section.

■ Any soils excavated during demolition or construction that show
evidence of chemical or petroleum contamination, such as stained
soil, odors, or free product must be reported immediately to the
local Fire Marshall to determine whether explosion or inhalation
hazards exist. Contaminated soils must be properly disposed and
the final disposition of soils must be reported to the local UST
section.
s Av e

0-023551
0-004613

_^

0-000205

_^_^
0-026913

_^ _^

Wilson Ave

_^ _^

_^
0-023502
0-011143
0-007527 0-032592

1 inch = 1,625 feet

Feet

Legend
0 1,500 3,000 6,000 9,000

MAP 7
Town of Atlantic Beach
Land Use Plan
Locations of Confirmed Leaks from
Underground Storage Tanks

Corporate Limits
NC DOT Roads
_^ Underground Storage Tanks
Hydrology

Page 51
A T L A N T I C O C E A N
W Charlotte Ave
E Bogue Blvd
E Terminal Blvd
Atlantic Blvd Mobile Dr Dogwood St Lee Dr Brooks St Dune

Town of Atlantic Beach 52 Core Land Use Plan
■ Any above ground fuel tanks must be installed and maintained in
accordance with applicable local, state, and federal regulations.

■ Any chemical or petroleum spills to the land surface or “waters of
the state” must be contained and the area of impact properly
restored. Spills of significant quantity must be reported to the NC
Division of Water Quality.

There was no offshore oil exploration or drilling underway in 2005.
However, future exploration and/or drilling could pose a threat for the Atlantic
Beach shoreline if it were to occur.

The North Carolina Division of Waste Management’s Superfund Section
investigates uncontrolled and unregulated hazardous waste sites by identifying
risks, prioritizing them for clean up, and directing cleanup. The Section urges
developers to examine site maps to locate the proximity of CERCLIS
(Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Information
System) or hazardous waste sites to proposed project locations. There are no
hazardous waste sites identified in Atlantic Beach, but one is located close to the
Town. That site, the ANT US Coast Guard Fort Macon Station Site (NC5 690 308
262), is located 3.2 miles east of Atlantic Beach. The site has been removed from
the CERCLIS list and the NC Inactive Hazardous Sites Branch granted it a status of
No Further Action.

e. Soils

The most reliable information regarding soils in the Town of Atlantic Beach
comes from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and National Cooperative
Soil Survey (NCSS) soil survey completed in 1978. All data in this section is derived
from this source unless otherwise noted.

According to the aforementioned USDA/NCSS survey, there are 11 different
soil associations located within Atlantic Beach. These associations are delineated
on Map 8. Table 25 provides a tabular representation of the soil coverages
depicted on Map 8, as well as the range of slopes found and the flooding
prevalence in each soil association.
Town of Atlantic Beach 53 Core Land Use Plan
Table 25: Town of Atlantic Beach
Prevalence of Soil Types and Range of Slopes Within Each Soil Type

Map
Symbol

Soil Name/Range of Slopes/Flood Prevalence

Acres

% from Total
Bn Beaches-Newhan complex, 0 to 30 percent
slopes
79.2 6.0%
CH Carteret sand, frequently flooded 58.1 4.4%
CL Carteret sand, low, frequently flooded 224.1 16.9%
Co Corolla fine sand 34.4 2.6%
Cu Corolla-Urban land complex 181.6 13.7%
Du Duckston fine sand, frequently flooded 103.4 7.8%
Fr Fripp fine sand, 2 to 30 percent slopes 70.9 5.3%
Nc Newhan fine sand, 2 to 30 percent slopes 145.5 11.0%
Nd Newhan fine sand, dredged, 2 to 30 percent
slopes
10.4 0.8%
Ne Newhan-Corolla complex, 0 to 30 percent
slopes
177.8 13.4%
Nh Newhan-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent
slopes
133.3 10.1%
w Water 106.9 8.1%
TOTAL 1,325.6* 100.0%

*Please note that road rights-of-way and water are excluded from consideration.
Source: Soil Survey of Carteret County, North Carolina, USDA/NCSS, 1978.

Most soils within Atlantic Beach are poorly suited for development. The
Beaches-Newhan complex, Carteret sand (both high and low), and Duckston fine
sand associations, collectively accounting for 34.6% of the land area in the Town,
are hydric soils. Hydric soils are those that formed under conditions of saturation,
flooding or ponding long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic
conditions in the upper part.

Although areas with hydric soils are not necessarily wetland areas, they
almost always have consistently wet conditions that make the installation of septic
systems difficult and costly, and are poorly suited for the construction of
dwellings, streets, or roads due to their propensity to flood. Whereas the Town
of Atlantic Beach relies exclusively on septic systems and package treatment
plants for wastewater disposal, the prevalence of such a large amount of wet soils
constitutes a significant limitation to the density and intensity of development.
Bayview Blvd

1 inch = 1,625 feet

Feet
Legend
Corporate Limits Du
Hydrology Fr
0 1,000 2,000 4,000 6,000

MAP 8
Town of Atlantic Beach
Land Use Plan
Soil Classification
Soil Classification
Bn
CH
CL
Co
Cu
Nc
Nd
Ne
Nh
Water

Page 54
W Fort Macon Dr
E Terminal Blvd
A T L A N T I C O C E A N Mobile Dr Center Dr Marina Village
Town of Atlantic Beach 55 Core Land Use Plan
All of the remaining non-hydric soils are very loamy soils that percolate
quickly and thus risk contamination to the underlying water supply aquifers (see
Table 26). Therefore, mound systems, package treatment systems and other
similar systems are necessary for waste disposal, which raises the cost of
development. Furthermore, if these systems are improperly designed, maintained
or operated, it can result in groundwater contamination and diminution in water
quality in nearby estuaries and sounds. The issue of wastewater disposal will be
explored in more detail in Section V(1)(E)(7) of this plan.

Table 26: Town of Atlantic Beach
Soil Types and Septic Tank Conditions

Map
Symbol Soil Name/Description Septic Tank Conditions
Bn Beaches-Newhan complex, 0 to 30
percent slopes
Severe: poor filter, high slopes
CH Carteret sand, frequently flooded Severe: flooding, ponding, poor
filter
CL Carteret sand, low, frequently
flooded
Severe: flooding, ponding, poor
filter
Co Corolla fine sand Severe: wetness, poor filter
Cu Corolla-Urban land complex Severe: wetness, poor filter
Du Duckston fine sand, frequently
flooded
Fr Fripp fine sand, 2 to 30 percent
slopes
Nc Newhan fine sand, 2 to 30 percent
slopes
Nd Newhan fine sand, dredged, 2 to 30
percent slopes
Ne Newhan-Corolla complex, 0 to 30
percent slopes
Nh Newhan-Urban land complex, 0 to 8
percent slopes
Severe: flooding, ponding, poor
filter
Severe: poor filter, slope
Severe: poor filter, slope
Severe: poor filter, slope
Severe: poor filter
Severe: poor filter, slope
Source: Soil Survey of Carteret County, North Carolina, USDA/NCSS, 1978.

f. Water Supply

As mentioned in Section 5(1)(A) above, the Town of Atlantic Beach relies
on groundwater for its water supply (see text box for discussion of groundwater).
Two primarily limestone aquifers underlay Atlantic Beach and serve as the source
of its water supply - the Yorktown and Castle Hayne aquifers. Water supply wells
have been constructed to penetrate both aquifers.
Town of Atlantic Beach 56 Core Land Use Plan

Groundwater - What Is it?

The ground beneath our feet is not completely solid. It
is more like a sponge with pores of many shapes and
sizes. When rain falls, it soaks into the ground and
moves throughout this pore space. Pore space may
account for up to 50 percent of the total volume of some
soils.

Near the soil surface, in the unsaturated zone, the pores
contain a combination of air and water. Further down is
the saturated zone where all of the pore space is fil led
with water. This water is called groundwater. The
water table is the boundary between the saturated zone
and the unsaturated zone. A well must reach down
below the water table, into the saturated zone, to
obtain groundwater.

Groundwater

Aquifers and Confining Beds
The word aquifer comes from the Latin for “water
bearing” and is used for any geologic formation that
contains water in sufficient quantity and with sufficient
mobility to be useful as a water source (for example, a
layer of sand or gravel).

When water mobility is very limited (such as in a layer of
clay or silt), the formation is called a confining bed or an
aquitard.

Recharge and Discharge
Aquifer recharge is the movement of water from the
surface down into an aquifer. In a recharge area, the
net movement of water is downward. Recharge usually
occurs in the upland areas between streams.

On the other hand, a discharge area is an area where the
net movement of water is toward the surface.
Groundwater discharge usually occurs in low areas close
to streams and through the banks and beds of streams.
The Yorktown aquifer lies
below the surficial aquifer in the
northern half of the coastal
plain. The Yorktown is thin
toward the west, sometimes less
than 20 feet. It thickens
eastward, to as much as 300 feet
in Dare County. The Yorktown is
mostly fine sand, silty and
clayey sand, and clay with shells
and beds of shells throughout.

The Yorktown aquifer is
an important source of water in
the northeastern part of the
State where deeper aquifers are
too salty. It is not used as much
in the western part of the State,
since more productive sources
are available.

The Castle Hayne
aquifer, underlying the eastern
half of the coastal plain, is the
most productive aquifer in the
state and the primary water
source for the Town. It is
primarily limestone and sand.
The Castle Hayne aquifer is
noted for its thickness (more
than 300 feet in places) and the
ease of water movement within
it, both of which contribute to
high well yields. It lies fairly
close to the surface toward the
south and west, deepening
rapidly toward the east.
Chloride content exceeds 250
parts per million east of a line between Gates and Carteret counties. Water in the
Castle Hayne aquifer ranges from hard to very hard because of its limestone
composition. Iron concentrations tend to be high near recharge areas but decrease
as the water moves further through the limestone.
Town of Atlantic Beach 57 Core Land Use Plan
COMBE MARTIN

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At Atlantic Beach, the Castle Hayne aquifer is subject to salt water
intrusion. Because of the potential for salt water intrusion, approximately 2,500
square miles of the Castle Hayne aquifer, including the portion underlying Carteret
County, have been designated as a capacity use area (CCPCUA, see page 42) by
the NC Groundwater Section due to large groundwater in the Central Coastal
Plain. As mentioned on page 42, a capacity use area is defined as an area where
the use of water resources threatens to exceed the replenishment ability to the
extent that regulation may be required. Therefore, wells are not permitted to
pump more than 2.018 million gallons per day as permitted under CCPCUA.

Exacerbating the risk of salt water intrusion are declining water levels in
the Castle Hayne aquifer. These declining water levels are due to dewatering
activities attributable to industrial activities, particularly mining, and urbanization
in areas that overlay the aquifer, particularly those areas west and north of
Atlantic Beach such as Kinston, Goldsboro, Greenville and New Bern (see page 42
for additional information on this phenomenon). Water levels in the Cretaceous
and Upper Aquifers, aquifers above and adjacent to the Castle Hayne, are
declining between 1 and 9 feet per year on average (see graphic below).

Capacity Use Area and Areas of Declining Water Quantity
and/or Quality in the Central Coastal Plain of North Carolina
Source: NC Division of Water Quality.

WAKE WASHINGTON

JOHNSTON UFORT HYDE
WAY
LICO

ARTERET

Town of Atlantic Beach 58 Core Land Use Plan
As the above graphic indicates, salt water encroachment, dewatering and
declining water levels are not, at the present time, a significant concern to the
Town of Atlantic Beach, but could become so over time without vigilant
monitoring and regulation of groundwater supplies, particularly from the Castle
Hayne aquifer. This is particularly true since the August, 2004, report from the
NC Division of Water Quality entitled “Central Coastal Plain Capacity Use Area
Status Report” encourages urbanizing communities in the Coastal Plain to consider
developing “alternate aquifers,” especially the Castle Hayne, and reducing
reliance on the Cretaceous and Upper (surficial) aquifers referenced above. Any
such efforts should be carefully monitored and evaluated for their potential
impact on the available water supply in the Town of Atlantic Beach.

Municipal water service in the Town will be addressed in Section V(1)(E)(6)
of this Plan.

g. Fragile Areas and Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC)

CAMA establishes “Areas of Environmental Concern” (AECs) as the
foundation of the Coastal Resources Commission's permitting program for coastal
development. An AEC is an area of natural importance: It may be easily destroyed
by erosion or flooding; or it may have environmental, social, economic, or
aesthetic values that make it valuable.

The Coastal Resources Commission designates areas as AECs to protect
them from uncontrolled development that may cause irreversible damage to
property, public health or the environment, thereby diminishing their value to the
entire state. Statewide, AECs cover almost all coastal waters and less than 3% of
the land in the 20 coastal counties.

Fragile areas are those areas that are not explicitly defined as AECs but
that could cause significant environmental damage or other diminitution of quality
of life if not managed. These include wetlands, natural heritage areas, areas
containing endangered species, prime wildlife habitats, or maritime forests.
These areas must be evaluated pursuant to State regulations at 15A NCAC 7H for
the CAMA Land Use Planning process.

In this section, the Town will evaluate the following AECs and fragile areas
in the Town of Atlantic Beach: estuarine waters and shorelines, public trust areas,
coastal wetlands, ocean beaches and shorelines, areas of excessive erosion,
natural resource fragile areas, and outstanding resource waters.
Town of Atlantic Beach 59 Core Land Use Plan
i. Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shorelines (AEC)

An “estuary” can be defined as "a semi-enclosed coastal body of
water which has a free connection to the open sea and within which sea
water is measurably diluted with fresh water derived from land drainage."
Estuaries basically serve as transition zones between fresh and salt water
and are protected from the full force of ocean wind and waves by barrier
islands, mudflats, and/or sand. As illustrated in the text box below,
estuaries provide significant environmental and economic benefits to the
Town of Atlantic Beach.

All waters of Bogue Sound
north of the Town of Atlantic
Beach qualify as an estuarine
water AEC under CAMA
regulations (NC Division of Water
Quality Stream Index #20-36-
(8.5), White Oak Basin).

For regulatory purposes,
the inland, or upstream,
boundary of estuarine waters is
the same line used to separate
the jurisdictions of the Division
of Marine Fisheries and the
Wildlife Resources Commission.
However, many of the fish and
shellfish that spend parts of
their lives in estuaries move
between the "official" estuarine
and inland waters.

Estuarine shorelines are
land areas leeward of mean high
tide that are immediately
adjacent to or bordering
estuarine waters. These areas
support the ecological function
of estuaries and are highly
vulnerable to erosion caused by
wind or water and to damage
caused by development.
Why are Estuaries Important?

The lands and waters of the estuarine system are home to
fish nursery areas, spawning areas, shellfish beds, and
other habitats essential to North Carolina's commercial and
recreational fishing industries.

More than 90% of North Carolina's commercial and
recreational seafood species (such as shrimp, flounder, and
crabs) depend on the protective habitat and nutrients
found in coastal wetlands and estuarine waters for much of
their lives.

The stems, roots, and seeds of many coastal wetland plants
provide food and nesting materials for waterfowl and other
wildlife.

Marsh plants guard against erosion and flood damage: Their
leaves and stems dissipate wave energy, and their root
systems bind soil. The nutrients and decayed plant
material the marsh plants produce also contribute to the
productivity of the estuarine system.

Estuarine plants trap debris and excess nutrients and help
regulate the flow of fresh water into the estuary,
maintaining the system's balance.

Estuarine shorelines act as natural barriers to erosion
and flooding. Certain soil formations and plant
communities along estuarine shorelines also help slow
erosion.

Natural buffers along the shoreline protect the water from
excess sediment and pollutants, and they protect nearby
developments from flooding and erosion.

Estuarine waters and public trust areas are important for
tourism, because they support commercial and recreational
fishing, boating, swimming, and other recreational
activities.
Town of Atlantic Beach 60 Core Land Use Plan
Under CAMA rules, all lands 75 feet leeward from the mean high
tide are classified as estuarine shorelines and are subject to CAMA
development regulations at 15A NCAC 7H.0205-.0208, as follows:

■ The location, design and construction of your project must give highest
priority to conserving the biological, economic and social values of coastal
wetlands, estuarine waters and public trust areas, and protect public
rights of navigation and recreation in public trust areas.

■ Your project should be designed and located to cause the least possible
damage to the productivity and integrity of:

coastal wetlands;
shellfish beds;
submerged grass beds;
spawning and nursery areas;
important nesting and wintering areas for waterfowl and other wildlife;
and
important natural barriers to erosion, such as marshes, cypress fringes,
and clay soils.

■ Your project must follow the air and water quality standards set by the NC
Environmental Management Commission. Generally, development will not
be permitted if it lowers water quality for any existing uses of the water
(such as shellfishing, swimming or drinking). For more information,
contact the NC Division of Air Quality or the Division of Water Quality.

■ Your project must not significantly increase siltation or erosion, which can
smother important habitats, block sunlight from aquatic plants, and choke
fish and shellfish.

■ Your project must not create a stagnant body of water, which can affect
oxygen levels and accumulate sediments and pollutants that threaten fish
and shellfish habitats and public health.

■ You must time the construction of your project to have the least impact
on the life cycles and migration patterns of fish, shellfish, waterfowl and
other wildlife. The life cycles of animals that depend on the estuarine
system are especially sensitive during certain times of the year. For more
information, contact the Coastal Management office nearest you.

■ Your project must not cause major or irreversible damage to valua ble
archaeological or historic resources. Archaeological resources, such as the
remains of Native and Early American settlements, shipwrecks and Civil
or Revolutionary War artifacts, provide valuable information about the
history of the coastal region and its people. Information on the location
of these sites is available from the NC Division of Archives and History in
the Department of Cultural Resources.
Town of Atlantic Beach 61 Core Land Use Plan
■ Your project must not reduce or prevent the use of, and public access to,
estuarine waters and public trust lands and waters.

■ Your project must comply with the local land use plan.

The waters of Bogue Sound adjacent to the Town are rated “Class
SA” by the NC Division of Water Quality (DWQ). This means that they are
high quality waters suitable for shellfishing and recreational use. This
means that stormwater controls are required under CAMA. No domestic
discharges are permitted in these waters.

The relationship between land use and water quality in estuarine
and ocean waters near Atlantic Beach will be discussed in more detail in
Section V(J) of this Plan.

ii. Public Trust Areas

The North Carolina Division of Coastal Management (DCM) defines
“Public Trust Areas” as the coastal waters and submerged lands that every
North Carolinian has the right to use for activities such as boating,
swimming, or fishing. These areas often overlap with estuarine waters, but
they also include many inland fishing waters. The following lands and
waters are considered public trust areas:

■ all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands underneath, from
the normal high water mark on shore to the state's official
boundary three miles offshore;

■ all navigable natural water bodies and the lands underneath, to the
normal high watermark on shore (a body of water is considered
navigable if you can float a canoe in it). This does not include
privately owned lakes where the public doesn't have access rights;

■ all water in artificially created water bodies that have significant
public fishing resources and are accessible to the public from other
waters; and

■ all waters in artificially created water bodies where the public has
acquired rights by prescription, custom, usage, dedication or any
other means.
Town of Atlantic Beach 62 Core Land Use Plan
Although public trust areas must be delineated by on-site analysis,
all submerged lands adjacent to Atlantic Beach along Bogue Sound and the
Atlantic Ocean should be considered public trust areas.

Under CAMA regulations, all lands 30 feet leeward of public trust
areas are subject to the restrictions specified in Section V(B)(g)(I) above
for estuarine shoreline areas.

iii. Coastal Wetlands

Coastal Resources Commission rules define “Coastal Wetlands” as
any marsh in the 20 coastal counties (including Carteret County and
Atlantic Beach) that regularly or occasionally floods by lunar or wind tides,
and that includes one or more of the following 10 plant species:

■ Spartina alterniflora: Salt Marsh (Smooth) Cord Grass
■ Juncus roemerianus: Black Needlerush
■ Salicornia spp.: Glasswort
■ Distichlis spicata: Salt (or Spike) Grass
■ Limonium spp.: Sea Lavender
■ Scirpus spp.: Bulrush
■ Cladium jamaicense: Saw Grass
■ Typha spp.: Cattail
■ Spartina patens: Salt Meadow Grass
■ Spartina cynosuroides: Salt Reed or Giant Cord Grass

Coastal wetlands provide significant environmental and economic
benefits to Atlantic Beach. They protect against flooding, help maintain
water quality, provide habitat to wildlife, and serve as part of the
estuarine system described on page 58 of this plan.

In 2003, DCM classified and mapped coastal wetlands based on an
analysis of several existing data sets, including aerial photographs and
satellite images of coastal areas in North Carolina, including Atlantic
Beach. Even though the presence of wetlands must be established by an
on-site delineation and investigation of plants, DCM produced an excellent
representation of wetlands in the Town, and throughout coastal North
Carolina (see Map 9).

Tryon St

1 inch = 1,625 feet

Feet

Legend
0 1,000 2,000 4,000 6,000 Corporate Limits
Hydrology
Wetlands
Cleared Estuarine Shrub/Scrub
Cutover Estuarine Shrub/Scrub
Cutover Maritime Forest
Estuarine Shrub/Scrub
Maritime Forest
Salt/Brackish Marsh
MAP 9
Town of Atlantic Beach
Land Use Plan
Areas of Environmental Concern
Wetlands

Page 63
Atlantic Blvd
A T L A N T I C O C E A N
E Bogue Blvd
E Terminal Blvd
E Boardwalk Mobile Dr Dogwood St Lee Dr Center Dr Shore Dr Bayview Blvd Dunes Ave Marina Village
Town of Atlantic Beach 64 Core Land Use Plan

Coastal Wetland Plant Species in North Carolina
(Source: NCDCM, “CAMA Handbook for Development in Coastal North Carolina,” 2002).

According to NCDCM’s 2003 Coastal Wetlands Inventory,
approximately 26.1% of the Town’s land area, or 430.841 acres, are coastal
wetlands (see Table 27).

Table 27: Town of Atlantic Beach
Coastal Wetlands by Type and Aerial Extent

Wetlands Acres % of Total Town
Acreage*

Cleared Estuarine Shrub/Scrub 6.417 0.4%
Cutover Estuarine Shrub/Scrub 4.881 0.3%
Cutover Maritime Forest 13.046 0.8%
Estuarine Shrub/Scrub 129.983 7.9%
Maritime Forest 34.059 2.1%
Salt/Brackish Marsh 242.455 14.7%
TOTAL 430.841 26.1%
*Based on total town acreage of 1,650.6, which includes road rights-of-way and water.
Source: NCDCM Wetlands Inventory, 2003.
Town of Atlantic Beach 65 Core Land Use Plan
The following provides the DCM descriptions of the various wetland
areas found in the Town of Atlantic Beach:

Salt/Brackish Marsh - Any salt marsh or other marsh subject to
regular or occasional flooding by tides, including wind tides (whether or
not the tide waters reach the marshland areas through natural or artificial
watercourses), as long as this flooding does not include hurricane or
tropical storm waters. Coastal wetland plant species include: smooth
cordgrass, black needlerush, glasswort, salt grass, sea lavender, salt marsh
bullrush, saw grass, cattail, salt meadow cordgrass, and big cordgrass.

Maritime Forest - A forested community characterized by its
stunted growth due to the stresses imposed by its proximity to salt spray
from the ocean. Typical vegetation includes live oak, red maple, and
swamp tupelo.

Estuarine Shrub/Scrub - Any shrub/scrub dominated community
subject to occasional flooding by tides, including wind tides (whether or
not the tide waters reach these areas through natural or artificial
watercourses). Typical species include wax myrtle and eastern red cedar.

Cutover Wetland - Areas for which satellite imagery indicates a lack
of vegetation. These areas are likely to still be wetlands; however, they
have been recently cut over. Vegetation in these areas may be
regenerating naturally, or the area may be in use for silvicultural
activities. Note that marshes cannot be considered cutover.

Cleared Wetland - Areas of hydric soils for which satellite imagery
indicates a lack of vegetation. These areas are likely to no longer be
wetlands.

Areas identified as coastal wetlands are subject to CAMA
regulations as specified in Section V(B)(g)(I) above for estuarine shoreline
areas.

Freshwater swamps and inland, non-tidal wetlands are not in the
CAMA permit jurisdiction, unless the CRC specifically designates them as
AECs. However, these wetlands are protected by Section 404 of the
federal Clean Water Act. An Army Corps of Engineers “Section 404" permit
(USACE 404) may be required for projects taking place in these wetlands.
Site-specific delineation of potential wetlands, under USACE wetland
delineation guidelines, in order to determine whether a specific proposed
Town of Atlantic Beach 66 Core Land Use Plan
development project requires a USACE 404 permit. There are several
different types of USACE 404 permits, which will be discussed in greater
length in Section V(E) of this Plan. In general, however, the basic premise
of the USACE 404 program is that no discharge of dredge or fill material
can be permitted if a practicable alternative exists that is less damaging
to the aquatic environment or if the nation’s waters would be significantly
degraded.

It should be noted that for purposes of this plan we have relied
exclusively on State collected and analyzed data. The Town feels,
however, that some areas not identified as Coastal Wetlands, such as the
Hoop Hole Creek property on Fort Macon Road, should be considered for
inclusion in the future and encourages the State to review and update its
Coastal Wetlands inventory as soon as possible. This will help the Town,
citizens, and developers know which areas will require special
consideration in future development and which areas should be preserved
and protected if possible.

iv. Ocean Beaches/Shorelines and Areas of Excessive Erosion

Ocean beaches and shorelines are lands consisting of
unconsolidated soil materials (i.e., sand) that extend from the mean low
water line landward to a point where either (a) the growth of vegetation
occurs, or (b) a distinct change in slope or elevation alters the
configuration of the land form, whichever is farther landward.

The entire southern boundary of the Town of Atlantic Beach -
approximately 4.62 miles of shoreline - is an ocean beach. This entire area
constitutes an Ocean Hazard AEC as defined by CAMA. The Ocean Hazard
AEC covers North Carolina's beaches and any other oceanfront lands that
are subject to long-term erosion and significant shoreline changes. The
seaward boundary of this AEC is the mean low water line.

The landward limit of the AEC is measured from the first line of
stable natural vegetation and is determined by adding:

■ a distance equal to 60 times the long-term, average annual erosion
rate for that stretch of shoreline to

■ the distance of erosion expected during a major storm.
Town of Atlantic Beach 67 Core Land Use Plan
Whereas the NC Coastal Resources Commission (CRC) has
determined the average annual erosion rate in the Town of Atlantic Beach
to be 2.0 feet per year, the approximate width of the AEC in Atlantic
Beach is about 145 feet from the first line of stable, natural vegetation
leeward of the shoreline. The specific location of the Ocean Hazard AEC
must be determined by a CAMA permitting official.

The following requirements apply to all development in the Ocean
Hazard AEC (15A NCAC 7H .0306):

■ Your development must be located and designed to protect human lives
and property from storms and erosion, to prevent permanent structures
from encroaching on public beaches and reduce the public costs (such as
disaster relief aid) that can result from poorly located development.

■ Your development must incorporate all reasonable means and methods to
avoid damage to the natural environment or public beach accessways.
Reasonable means and methods include: limiting the scale of the project
and the damage it causes; restoring a damaged site; or providing
substitute resources to compensate for damage.

■ No growth-inducing development paid for (in any part) by public funds will
be permitted if it is likely to require more public funds for maintenance
and continued use – unless the benefits of the project will outweigh the
required public expenditures.

■ Your project should be set as far back from the ocean as possible. At
minimum, all buildings must be located behind the crest of the primary
dune, the landward toe of the frontal dune, or the erosion setback line -
whichever is the farthest from the first line of stable natural vegetation.

■ Your project must not remove or relocate sands or vegetation from
primary or frontal dunes. These dunes help protect structures from
erosion, flooding and storm waves, and they help maintain North
Carolina's barrier islands and beaches.

■ If you want to move a building that is in an ocean hazard area, you will
need a CAMA permit. Buildings relocated entirely with private funds
should be relocated as far landward as possible. Buildings relocated with
public funds must meet all AEC standards, including the setback
requirement.

■ Your project must meet all local minimum lot-size and setback
requirements. Counties and towns often require a setback from roads,
property lines, or dunes. For more information, contact your local building
inspector.
Town of Atlantic Beach 68 Core Land Use Plan

■ Your project must comply with the local CAMA land use plan. A land use
plan contains a community's goals, management policies, and a map
classifying land according to the types of development allowed.

■ You must not place a mobile home within the high hazard flood area
unless it is in a mobile home park that existed before June 1, 1979. Not
only are mobile homes likely to be damaged by coastal storms, they are
also likely to damage other buildings during storms.

■ You may not interfere with or block the public's ability to reach, use, and
enjoy the resources that belong to all the people of the state. These
resources include the wet sand beaches and waters. No development is
allowed seaward of the vegetation line, because the public has a right to
use the sandy beach. Development also may not block established
pathways to the beach.

■ Your project must not cause major or irreversible damage to valuable
archaeological or historic resources. Information on the location of these
sites is available from the NC Division of Archives and History in the
Department of Cultural Resources.

■ The construction of publicly funded projects, such as sewers, water lines,
roads, bridges and erosion control works, will be permitted only if they:

-- greatly benefit the public, nation or state;
-- don't promote additional development in ocean hazard AECs;
-- won't damage natural buffers to erosion, wave wash and flooding;
-- won't otherwise increase existing hazards.

■ Meet all setback requirements for all development in the Ocean Hazard
AEC.

Ocean Hazard AEC Setback Requirement Schematic (Source: NCDCM, “CAMA
Handbook for Development in Coastal North Carolina,” 2002)
Town of Atlantic Beach 69 Core Land Use Plan
The CRC updates long-term
erosion rates about every five years,
using aerial photographs to examine
shoreline changes. General maps of
erosion rates are available free from the
Division of Coastal Management;
detailed erosion rate maps are available
for inspection at all Coastal
Management field and local permitting
offices (also see Map 10, page 71).

In the aforementioned CRC
erosion rate study from 1998, the
authors note that the 2.0 foot per year
average erosion rate is “artificially low”
due to the influence of beach
renourishment in Atlantic Beach. In
other words, without ongoing beach
renourishment, the erosion rate of the
ocean beach at Atlantic Beach could be
much higher. The significance of this
fact for the future economic well-being
and safety of the Town of Atlantic
Beach can hardly be understated.

In 1961, the outer channel of Beaufort Inlet was deepened to 35
feet from its natural depth of 15 to 18 feet. Twice since, the channel has
been further deepened and lengthened. It is now maintained at a 45 foot
depth. Sand that otherwise would have flowed westward along Bogue
Banks fills in this channel. Each year the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
(USACE) removes 700,000 to 1,000,000 cubic yards of this sand and
deposits it at its off-shore site on Brandt Island. Conservative estimates
placed the total amount of sand dumped at this site to be at least 33
million cubic yards of sand.

The USACE has determined that the eastern end of Bogue Banks
(i.e., Fort Macon State Park) and the ocean shoreline along Atlantic Beach
is the least cost locale for disposal of the dredge sand from Beaufort Inlet
and USACE has therefore used this sand to renourish Atlantic Beach
approximately every 8 to 10 years since 1973.
Why Should We Protect Ocean Beaches
and Shorelines?

At the edge of the ocean, ocean hazard AECs get
the full force of any storm. Waves, wind and
water can quickly change the shape of a shoreline,
creating or filling inlets, flattening nearby dunes,
eroding beaches and battering nearby structures.
No oceanfront development can be absolutely safe
from destructive natural forces, but development
in ocean hazard areas can be carefully designed
and located to minimize the risk to life and
property, as well as to reduce the cost of relief
aid.

Oceanfront beaches and dunes help protect
buildings and environments behind them by
absorbing the force of wind and waves, while the
dense root networks of dune plants trap and
anchor sand. Left uncontrolled, development can
destroy these dunes and their vegetation,
increasing the risk of damage to structures from
erosion, flooding and waves.
Town of Atlantic Beach 70 Core Land Use Plan
This program operates at no direct cost to North Carolina or Town
taxpayers. As of the writing of this Plan, a new renourishment project is
underway. Since November 2004, USACE contractors have placed 2.2
million cubic yards of sand on about 2.25 miles of beach between the
Triple S Pier and the west end of the Ocean Ridge subdivision under this
program.

v. Protected Lands and Significant Natural Heritage Areas

“Protected Lands” are areas dedicated to conservation and open
space based uses that are protected from development by regulation or by
ownership by governments or non-profit organizations. NCDCM has
identified these areas through the assistance of the NC Center for
Geographic Information and Analysis (NCGIA).

In 1998, the North Carolina Coastal Federation (NCCF) used a $2.52
million grant from the NC Clean Water Management Trust Fund (CWMTF)for
the acquisition and preservation of a 35.85-acre site near Hoop Hole Creek.
The maritime forest, wetlands, and saltwater marshes at this site are an
effective riparian buffer between the urban development of Atlantic Beach
and the clean waters and a healthy shellfish resource of Bogue Sound (see
Map 10). The ownership of the property by NCCF ensures that the property
will be dedicated as open space in perpetuity.

The Hoop Hole Creek property is the only area within the corporate
limits of Atlantic Beach recognized as “protected,” and its 35.85 acres
represent 2.2% of the Town’s total area.

Although not located within the Town’s corporate limits, Fort
Macon State Park should be mentioned as a protected land. Located at the
eastern end of Bogue Banks directly to the east of the Town limits, the
398-acre park is surrounded on three sides by water—the Atlantic Ocean,
Beaufort Inlet, and Bogue Sound. This area of undisturbed natural beauty
is the perfect place to explore salt marches and estuaries vital to the
coastal ecosystem. The park is also home to a Civil War fort with a unique
history.

The Park is owned by the State of North Carolina and managed by
the NC Division of Parks and Recreation. The site harbors numerous flora
and fauna and is particularly notable for its aquatic life. Sea urchins, sea
stars, and coral may be spotted on or under rocks or other objects in the
shallow water. Park flora includes live oak, yaupon, cedar and black locust.

E Bogue Blvd
E Terminal Blvd

Tryon St

1 inch = 1,625 feet

Feet
Legend
Corporate Limits
Hydrology
Setback Factors
2 Feet/Year
2.5 Feet/Year
Significant Natural Heritage Areas
0 1,000 2,000 4,000 6,000 BRANDT ISLAND
FORT MACON STATE PARK
HOOP HOLE CREEK MARITIME FOREST
Protected Lands
HOPE HOLE CREEK
FORT MACON STATE PARK

MAP 10
Town of Atlantic Beach
Land Use Plan
Significant Natura l Heritage Areas/ Protected Lands
and Erosion Rates

Page 71
Atlantic Blvd s Av E Boardwalk
A T L A N T I C O C E A N Mobile Dr Dogwood St Lee Dr Center Dr Shore Dr Bayview Blvd e Dune Marina Village
Town of Atlantic Beach 72 Core Land Use Plan
“Significant Natural Heritage Areas” are areas containing
ecologically significant natural communities or rare species. The North
Carolina Natural Heritage Program of the NC Division of Parks and
Recreation (NCDPR) identifies and helps facilitate the protection of these
areas. DCM has identified these areas through the assistance of the NC
Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (NCGIA).

A 14.97-acre portion of the aforementioned Hoop Hole Creek
property contains a maritime forest that is considered a Significant Natural
Heritage area by NCDPR, due to its rich estuarine habitat for aquatic life
(see Map 10). This property represents 0.9% of the total land area in the
Town.

vii. Outstanding Resource Waters

All surface waters in North Carolina are assigned a primary
classification by the NC Division of Water Quality (DWQ). “Outstanding
Resource Waters” (ORW) is a supplemental classification intended to
protect unique and special waters having excellent water quality and being
of exceptional state or national ecological or recreational significance. To
qualify, waters must be rated “Excellent” by DWQ and have one of the
following outstanding resource values:

■ Outstanding fish habitat or fisheries,
■ Unusually high level of waterbased recreation,
■ Some special designation such as NC or National Wild/Scenic/
Natural/Recreational River, National Wildlife Refuge, etc.,
■ Important component of state or national park or forest, or
■ Special ecological or scientific significance (rare or endangered
species habitat, research or educational areas).

No new or expanded wastewater discharges are allowed although
there are no restrictions on the types of discharges to these waters. There
are also associated stormwater runoff, building density, best agricultural
practices, and landfill siting controls enforced by the Division of Water
Quality.

Atlantic Beach is not adjacent to any waters classified as ORW by
the Division of Water Quality. However, it should be noted that the Town
is adjacent to the high quality waters (HQW) and shellfish harvesting
waters of Bogue Sound.
Town of Atlantic Beach 73 Core Land Use Plan
h. Areas of Resource Potential

i. Regionally Significant Parks

There are no parks of regional or statewide significance within the
corporate limits of Atlantic Beach. There are, however, three regional
beach access sites within the Town. Regional beach access sites are
defined by the NC Division of Coastal Management as public beach access
sites that are generally the largest of the access sites and that have clear
signage, ample parking, and often have other facilities such as restrooms,
showers and picnic tables.

Table 28: Town of Atlantic Beach
Regional Beach Access Sites

Location Parking Spaces Available/Other Amenities
NC Highway 58 at New Bern Avenue 50 spaces/Restroom and Showers
West Drive at Central Boulevard 303 spaces/No Restroom or Showers
West Drive at Atlantic Boulevard 64 spaces/No Restroom or Showers
Source: NC Division of Coastal Management.

Additional public beach access sites are discussed in Section
V(D)(10) regarding recreational facilities in Town.

Fort Macon State Park should also be mentioned as a significant
regional park. Even though it is not technically in the corporate limits of
the Town, the park has approximately 1.4 million visitors per year and was
determined to be one of the top 25 vacation destinations in North Carolina
by the NC Department of Commerce in 2004. This environmentally and
historically significant facility provides tremendous economic benefit to
the Town by attracting these visitors.

ii. Marinas and Mooring Fields

“Marinas” are defined as any publicly or privately owned dock,
basin, or wet boat storage facility constructed to accommodate more than
ten boats and providing any of the following services: permanent or
transient docking spaces, dry storage, fueling facilities, haulout facilities,
and repair service. Not included in this definition are facilities that only
allow boat access or temporary docking and that do not include the
services provided by marinas specified above.
Town of Atlantic Beach 74 Core Land Use Plan
To receive a CAMA permit to construct a marina, a marina must
meet the general CAMA rules for coastal wetlands, estuarine waters and
public trust areas specified above as well as the specific rules below:

■ Marinas should be built in non-wetland sites or in deep waters that do not
require dredging. They must not disturb valuable shallow-water or
wetland habitats, except for dredging necessary for access to high-ground
sites. Marinas should be designed to protect the environment as much as
possible. The following are four alternatives for siting marinas, ranked in
order of Coastal Resources Commission preference:

1) An upland site that requires no alteration of wetlands or other
estuarine habitats and has adequate water circulation to prevent
the accumulation of sediment and pollutants in boat basins and
channels;
2) An upland site that causes no significant damage to fisheries or
wetlands and requires dredging for access only;
3) An open water site that does not require dredging or wetland
alteration and is not a primary nursery area; and
4) An open water site that requires dredging in less productive
habitat, but not deeper than any connecting channels.

■ Marinas that require dredging may not be in primary nursery areas or in
areas that require dredging a channel through nearby primary nursery
areas to deeper waters. DCM will consider maintenance dredging in
primary nursery areas for existing marinas on a case-by-case basis.

■ Marinas that require dredging must provide acceptable disposal ar eas to
accommodate future maintenance dredging.

■ Marinas may not be enclosed within breakwaters that hinder the water
circulation needed to maintain water quality. Breakwaters that obstruct
or alter the circulation of estuarine waters can accumulate sediment and
pollutants and accelerate erosion on nearby shorelines. This could
threaten marine life and public health, and it requires more frequent
maintenance dredging.

■ Marinas serving residential developments and built in public trust waters
must be limited to 27 square feet of public trust area for every one linear
foot of adjacent shoreline. The square-footage limit shall not apply to
fairways between parallel piers or any portion of the pier used only for
access from land to the docking spaces.

■ Marinas may not be located within areas where shellfish harvest for human
consumption is a significant use, or in adjacent areas if the proposed
marina will cause closure of the harvest areas. Construction or
enlargement of a marina must not lead to the closure of an open
shellfishing area.
Town of Atlantic Beach 75 Core Land Use Plan

■ Marinas should minimize interference with public waters by using a
mixture of dry storage areas, public launching facilities, and docking
spaces.

■ Marinas may not be built without written confirmation that the proposed
location is not subject to a submerged lands lease or deed. (State law
requires that marina owners receive an easement from the State Property
Office.)

■ Marina basins must be designed to promote flushing: basin and channel
depths should gradually increase toward open water and must not be
deeper than connecting waters. When possible, an opening shall be
provided at opposite ends of the basin to promote flow -through
circulation.

■ Marinas must be designed to minimize adverse effects on boat traffic,
federally maintained channels, and public rights to use and enjoy state
waters.

■ Marinas must meet all applicable requirements for stormwater
management.

■ Boat maintenance areas must be designed so that all scraping,
sandblasting, and painting is over dry land and so that pollutants such as
grease, oil, paint and sediments do not flush into estuarine waters. Grease
and sediment traps can protect water quality at the marina and
throughout the estuarine system.

■ Marinas shall post a notice prohibiting the discharge of waste f rom boat
toilets and explaining the availability of information on pumpout services.
If dumped overboard, marina sewage can present a threat to marine life
and public health.

■ Marinas must comply with all other applicable standards for docks and
piers, bulkheading, dredging, and spoil disposal.

■ Marina replacement may be allowed if all rules are met to the maximum
extent practicable.

■ New marinas over public trust bottoms are subject to the North Carolina
Environmental Policy Act and must undergo a NCEPA review.

■ Upland development associated with marinas must comply with coastal
shoreline rules, which require that structures with non-water-dependent
uses be located at least 30 feet from the water, unless the structures are
located in a designated urban waterfront.
Town of Atlantic Beach 76 Core Land Use Plan
A “freestanding mooring” is any means to attach a ship, boat or
other water craft to a stationary underwater device, mooring buoy, buoyed
anchor, or piling not associated with an existing or proposed pier, dock, or
boathouse. When more than one freestanding mooring is used in the same
general vicinity, it is known as a “mooring field”. CAMA has regulations for
the safe siting and operation of moorings and mooring fields at 15A NCAC
7H.0208 (b) (10) or 7H.2200.

Because of its waterfront location, there are a number of marinas
and mooring sites in the Town of Atlantic Beach. Public and private
marina and mooring field sites in or around Atlantic Beach are listed in
Table 29 below. According to the NC Division of Shellfish Sanitation, there
are approximately 1,019 marina slips in and near the Town.

Table 29: Town of Atlantic Beach
Marina Sites

Name # of Slips*
Spooners Creek Yacht Harbor 85
70 West Marina 8
Spooners Creek North 29
Miami Street Docks (formerly Daniels Marina) 35
Taylor Boat Works 15
Harbor Master Marina 31
Morehead City Docks/Geer Oil Docks 23
Dockside Marina 77
Leeward Harbor 33
Portside Marina 19
Russell Yachts 6
Radio Island Yacht and Boating Club 43
Radio Island Marina 32
Island Marina 88
Morehead Sports Marina 20
Crows Nest Marina** 51
Fort Macon Marina** 15
Anchorage Marina** 125
8½ Marina** 118
Triple S Marina (Market and Marina Village)** 65
Seawater Marina 30
Causeway Marina** 12
Mud Bucket/Divocean Docks** 10
Capt. Stacy Fishing Center** 8
Sand Spur Marina 12
Bluffs Condominium Marina/Docks 29
TOTAL 1,019

*Estimate of Slips is Approximate.
**Marinas located within Atlantic Beach.
Source: Shannon Jenkins, NC Division of Shellfish Sanitation.
Town of Atlantic Beach 77 Core Land Use Plan
iii. Floating Homes or Structures

A floating home or structure is any structure, not a boat, supported
by means of floatation and designed to be used without a permanent
foundation which is used for human habitation or commerce. A structure
is considered a floating home or structure if it is inhabited or used for
commercial purposes for more than 30 days in any one location. A boat
may be deemed a floating structure if its means of propulsion has been
removed or rendered inoperative and it contains at least 200 square feet
of living area. There are several floating homes located on the west side
of the Atlantic Beach Causeway. These homes pre-date the CAMA
permitting process. These types of uses/structures conflict with Town
policy and would not be permitted under current Town and CAMA
regulations. These structures, if destroyed, cannot be rebuilt.

iv. Channel Maintenance

The Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (AIWW) passes through Bogue
Sound north of the Town of Atlantic Beach. The AIWW is a series of
federally (i.e., USACE) maintained navigation channels that extend from
Norfolk, VA to Miami, FL. For much of its length, the system consists of
naturally deep estuaries, rivers, and sounds. These natural stretches are
connected by man-made cuts through land areas and shallows, many of
which require periodic dredging to maintain their depths. The authorized
project depth of the AIWW is 12 ft (at low tide) from Norfolk, VA to Ft.
Pierce, FL (Source: Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway Association).

Two channels striking south and west, respectively, from the AIWW
at unlighted can buoy #3 serve the Atlantic Beach area. The easternmost
of these channels is subject to shoaling; as of mid-2004, it carried 6-foot
depths at low water.

Recent cutbacks in the USACE budget for channel maintenance of
the AIWW threaten the safe navigability of the AIWW and should be
carefully monitored.

There are numerous navigable channels maintained within Atlantic
Beach with access to the AIWW. At low tide, navigation into and out of
Atlantic Beach must go through these marked channels. The waters of
Bogue Sound are generally very shallow even at high tide. Therefore,
maintenance of these marked channels is essential for recreational and
commercial boaters.
Town of Atlantic Beach 78 Core Land Use Plan
A general CAMA permit can be obtained from the regional CAMA
office for maintenance dredging of channels, canals, boat basins, and
ditches in estuarine waters, public trust areas, and estuarine shorelines,
as long as the maintenance doesn't remove more than 1,000 cubic yards of
material.

NORTH CAROLINA WATER QUALITY BASICS

WHAT ARE SURFACE WATER CLASSIFICATIONS?
Surface Water Classifications are designations applied to surface
water bodies, such as streams, rivers and lakes, which define the
best uses to be protected within these waters (for example
swimming, fishing, drinking water supply) and carry with them an
associated set of water quality standards to protect those uses.
Surface water classifications are one tool that state and federal
agencies use to manage and protect all streams, rivers, lakes,
and other surface waters in North Carolina. C lassifications and
their associated protection rules may be designed to protect
water quality, fish and wildlife, the free flowing nature of a
stream or river, or other special characteristics.

HOW DO THEY AFFECT ME?
Before you buy property, plan a new development project,
construct a new road or undertake other land use activities, you
should check with local, state, and federal agencies about the
assigned surface water classification for the waterbody on your
property. Many of the newer classifications, especially those
designed to protect drinking water supplies and certain high
quality waters, have protection rules which regulate some land
or disturbance other human activities.

WHY DO THEY SOMETIMES OVERLAP?
Many streams, rivers, and lakes may have several classifications
applied to the same area. This is because surface waters are
classified to protect different uses or special characteristics of
the waterbody. For example, a stream or specific stream
segment may be classified as Class WS-III Tr HQW by the NC
Division of Water Quality (DWQ). This protects it as a drinking
water supply (WS-III), as Trout Waters (Tr), and as High Quality
Waters (HQW). The stream segments upstream or downstream
may have different classifications based on other water uses or
stream characteristics.

STREAM'S CLASSIFICATION?
DWQ classifies all surface waters. A waterbody's classification
may change at the request of a local government or citizen. DWQ
reviews each request for a reclassification and conducts an
assessment of the waterbody to determine the appropriateness
of the reclassification. DWQ also conducts periodic waterbody
assessments which may result in a recommendation to reclassify
the waterbody. In order for a waterbody to be reclassified it
must proceed through the rule-making process.
v. Marine Resources
(Water Quality)

In North Carolina,
the water quality of each
stream mile of water is
evaluated and rated by the
NC Division of Water
Q u a l i t y (D W Q )(s e e
adjacent text box). DWQ
categorizes Bogue Sound
north of Atlantic Beach
(DWQ Stream Index # 20-
36-(8.5)) as “HQW” or
“high quality water”. HQW
i s a s u p p l e m e n t a l
classification intended to
protect waters with quality
higher than state water
quality standards. This is
because the waters of
Bogue Sound north of
Atlantic Beach are also
rated “SA” which means
that the Sound has salty or
brack i sh wate rs of
excellent quality that
contain active shellfish
beds and other commercial
fishing. “SA” waters are
also suitable for all
recreational uses, such as
boating or swimming.
Town of Atlantic Beach 79 Core Land Use Plan
While all waters of Bogue Sound north of Atlantic Beach are
designated SA, not all waters are currently supporting commercial
shellfishing use. There are four areas within Atlantic Beach that are
identified as prohibited shellfish areas: the Hoop Pole Creek area, the
McClamrock Slough area, the Fish-N-Lake area (around Atlantic Beach
Causeway and Old Causeway Road), and the Bogue Sound/Atlantic Beach
area east of the Causeway.

Because of the HQW and SA designations, several development
restrictions exist, as follows:

1) Stormwater best management practices and lower density uses are
required under CAMA for projects that may affect Bogue Sound
(approximately 1 dwelling unit per acre unless specific stormwater
controls allow higher density as approved by CAMA).

2) No domestic or industrial wastewater discharges are permitted into
these waters.

The local CAMA permitting official should be consulted for specific
requirements, as they may vary based on the specific development
proposal.

The Atlantic Ocean south of Atlantic Beach (Stream Index # 99-(4))
is also rated by DWQ, and has been designated “SB” for water quality.
This means that salt surface waters exist and are used for, and suitable
for, recreation, including frequent or organized swimming. More limited
stormwater controls are required under CAMA than the stormwater
controls required under SA/HQW and there are no categorical restrictions
on wastewater discharges.

vi. Primary Nursery Areas, Anadromous Fish Spawning Areas,
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation

“Anadromous” fish are those that migrate up rivers (or into
estuaries) from the sea to breed in fresh water. The North Carolina Marine
Fisheries Commission (MFC) defines anadromous fish spawning areas as
those where evidence of spawning of anadromous fish has been
documented by direct observation of spawning, capture of running ripe
females, or capture of eggs or early larvae as established under NCAC 15A
3I.0101 (20)C.
Town of Atlantic Beach 80 Core Land Use Plan
Anadromous fish nursery areas are those areas in the riverine and
estuarine systems used by juvenile anadromous fish as established at NCAC
15A 3I.0101 (20)D.

The primary fish nursery areas and anadromous fish spawning areas
near the Town of Atlantic Beach are depicted on Map 11. The two primary
nursing areas near the Town are across Bogue Sound within Broad Creek
and Gales Creek. The only nearby spawning areas are within the White
Oak River, Pettiford Creek, and the Newport River.

Under provisions of the North Carolina Fisheries Reform Act of 1997,
the North Carolina Marine Fisheries Commission disallowed trawling in
approximately 200,000 acres of submerged areas designated as Submerged
Aquatic Vegetation (SAV). These vast grassbeds provide protection and also
serve as nursery areas for fish, scallops, crabs, and shrimp.

None of this restricted SAV is within close proximity to Atlantic
Beach.

2. Environmental Composite Map

In 2002, the NC Coastal Resources Commission adopted revisions to the land use
planning guidelines regulating CAMA plans [15A NCAC 7B]. One of the primary
modifications to these guidelines was in the area of land suitability analysis. Essentially
stated, the new guidelines ask local governments to do more analysis of the planning
area’s supply of land that is suited for development. This analysis should place more
emphasis on how local governments address natural system constraints in land use
planning.

This new requirement was borne of a recognition of the fact that all land use
development is heavily influenced by attractive and repellent forces caused by the
natural and built environments. For example, the presence of a public sewer line near
a particular parcel of land will, all other things being equal, attract the dense
development allowed by a sewer system. On the other hand, the presence of a
wastewater treatment plant will discourage most types of development in immediately
adjacent areas.

Section V(E) of this plan will present a land suitability analysis (LSA) based on a
number of factors, including compatibility with existing land uses and development
patterns, existing land use policies, and the availability of community facilities, as well
as natural system constraints.

¡[ #*

#*
#*
#*
#*

#*

#*

1 inch = 6,500 feet

Feet
Legend
Corporate Limits
Primary Nursery Areas
0 4,200 8,400 16,800 25,200 Anadromous Fish Spawning Areas
#* Ambient Water Quality Monitoring Stations
¡ Fish Sampling Community Sites
Hydrology

MAP 11
Town of Atlantic Beach
Land Use Plan
Water Qual ity and
Prima ry Nursery Areas

Page 81 s P Pa rad ise Ba y

But first, pursuant to CAMA regulatory requirements, we have developed an
Environmental Composite Map for the Town of Atlantic Beach that will be used in
conjunction with the LSA to provide a guide to the Town for the most appropriate use of
land. The Environmental Composite Map was popularized by Scottish landscape architect
and urban planner Ian McHarg following his 1969 classic work, Design with Nature.
McHarg argued that the natural landscape - its constraints and its positive features -
should be the most significant factor considered when planning for and siting future land
use development. In order to do this, McHarg posited, multi-layered maps must be
developed that depicted the various natural features of land masses. Advances in
Geographic Information System (GIS) technology in the 1990s and 2000s have made using
McHarg’s approach more feasible and precise.

The Environmental Composite Map (Map 12) breaks down land masses within the
Town into three different categories based on natural features and environmental
conditions. The categories utilized are as follows:

Class I – Land that contains only minimal hazards and limitations that can
be addressed by commonly accepted land planning and development
practices. Class I land will generally support the more intensive types of
land uses and development.

Class II – Land that has hazards and limitations for development that can
be addressed by restrictions on land uses, special site planning, or the
provision of public services, such as water and sewer. Land in this class
will generally support only the less intensive uses, such as low density
residential, without significant investment in services.

Class III – Land that has serious hazards and limitations. Land in this class
will generally support very low intensity uses, such as conservation and
open space.

An overlay analysis was performed, breaking the Town into one-acre cells utilizing
only map layers determined to be environmental factors. The layers used, and their
assigned classes, are outlined in Table 30.

Town of Atlantic Beach 82 Core Land Use Plan
Bayview Blvd

1 inch = 1,625 feet

Feet

Legend
Corporate Limits
0 1,150 2,300 4,600 6,900 Hydrology
Environmental Composite
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3

MAP 12
Town of Atlantic Beach
Land Use Plan
Environmental Composite

Page 83
W Fort Macon Dr
E Terminal Blvd
A T L A N T I C O C E A N Mobile Dr Center Dr
Town of Atlantic Beach 84 Core Land Use Plan
Table 30: Town of Atlantic Beach
Environmental Composite Map Layers

Layer Class I Class II Class III
Coastal Wetlands
Exceptional or Substantial Non-Coastal Wetlands
Beneficial Non-Coastal Wetlands
Estuarine Waters
Soils with Slight or Moderate Septic Limitations
Soils with Severe Septic Limitations
Flood Zones
Storm Surge Areas
HQW/ORW Watersheds
Water Supply Watersheds
Significant Natural Heritage Areas
Protected Lands

For a given cell, the computed value of the cell will be determined by the highest
class theme that contains the cell. For example, if a cell is in a coastal wetland (Class
III) and in a storm surge area (Class II) and intersects a soil with a slight or moderate
septic limitation (Class I), the cell value will be Class III. In other words, if a cell does not
meet the criteria for Class III, but qualifies as Class II, it has Class II for a value. If a cell
does not qualify for either Class III or Class II, then it is Class I by default. This order
enables the modeler to leave out themes that are not associated with Classes II or III to
simplify the model (yielding the same results).

Table 31 provides a summary of the land use acreages by class for the Town.

Table 31: Town of Atlantic Beach
Land Use Acreage by Class

Environmental Composite Acres % from Total

Class 1 256.4 19.3%
Class 2 621.6 46.9%
Class 3 447.9 33.8%
Total 1,325.9* 100.0%

*Please note that road rights-of-way and water are excluded from consideration.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.

As Table 31 indicates, the majority (almost 68%) of the land area in the Town is
located in either the most suitable or moderately suitable classifications.
Town of Atlantic Beach 85 Core Land Use Plan
Although the type of analysis presented in this section should serve as a valuable
tool in determining the most appropriate use of land in the Town of Atlantic Beach, it has
significant limitations that should be acknowledged, as follows:

■ The environmental composite map only allows land areas to be analyzed
on one-acre blocks. This level of aggregation is too large to effectively
assess each developable site within the Town for environmental conditions.
For example, within the Town of Atlantic Beach, a 10,000 square foot
parcel (approximately 1/4 acre) can be developed for four (4) residential
units.

■ The Environmental Composite Map, as the name suggests, only analyzes
environmental factors when considering the appropriateness of land
development. Environmental development constraints, while significant
to consider, should always be considered in conjunction with the other
forces that attract or repel development, such as the availability of
community facilities and consumer demand for different types of land
development. The LSA provided in Section V(E) of this plan provides this
more comprehensive analysis of land suitability for development.

3. Water Quality

Water quality in and near the Town of Atlantic Beach is considered at many points
in this Plan. However, because of the significant relationship between land use and water
quality, a section focusing specifically on local and regional water quality is included
here, prior to detailed discussions of existing and future land use. This Plan will primarily
analyze water quality on the watershed and subbasin level.

A watershed is the area of land
where all of the water that is under it or
drains off of it goes into the same place.
Geographer John Wesley Powell put it
best when he said that a watershed is:

"that area of land, a bounded hydrologic
system, within which all living things are
inextricably linked by their common
water course and where, as humans
settled, simple logic demanded that they
become part of a community." (Source:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency).

Pictorial Representation of a Watershed (Source:
Lane County, Oregon, Council of Governments)
Town of Atlantic Beach 86 Core Land Use Plan
The Town of Atlantic Beach is located wholly in the White Oak River watershed and
(significantly) at the outfall of the watershed (see Map 13).

Subbasins are geographic areas that represent part of a watershed, made up of a
combination of drainage areas and/or distinct hydroponic features, all draining to the
primary watershed. The Town of Atlantic Beach is located in the Newport River subbasin,
also known by its USGS designation, subbasin number 03-05-03 (see Map 13).

In North Carolina, water quality is assessed primarily at the watershed or river
basin (i.e., “basinwide”) level, due to the interconnectedness of watersheds described
above. Basinwide water quality plans are prepared by the North Carolina Division of
Water Quality (DWQ) for each of the seventeen major river basins in the State and
updated at five-year intervals. The basinwide plan for the White Oak River Basin was
developed by DWQ in February, 1997 and updated in September, 2001. This document
will be referred to as “BWP” in this Plan.

The goals of the BWP are as follows:

■ Identify water quality problems and restore full use to impaired waters;
■ Identify and protect high value resource waters;
■ Protect unimpaired waters while allowing for reasonable economic growth;
■ Develop appropriate management strategies to protect and restore water
quality;
■ Assure equitable distribution of waste assimilative capacity for dischargers;
and
■ Improve public awareness and involvement in the management of the
state’s surface waters.

The North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP), in conjunction with
the BWP, developed a Basinwide Wetlands and Riparian Restoration Plan (BWRRP) in 1998
to identify the need and opportunity for stream, riparian and buffer restoration in the
White Oak Basin where water quality has been or likely could be degraded. This
document will be referenced as the NCWRP.

a. White Oak River Basin Watershed

The White Oak River Basin is a 1,264-square mile watershed area that
drains four separate river systems and their tributaries: the New River, the White
Oak River, the Newport River, and the North River. It also drains the entirety of
Core, Back, and Bogue Sounds, the latter being the location of Atlantic Beach
(Source: NCWRP, page 3).

WATAUGA

NEW
MAP 13
Town of Atlantic Beach
Land Use Plan
North Carolina
River Basins and Subbasins

ROANOKE

CHOWAN

LITTLE
TENNESSEE

FRENCH
BROAD

CATAWBA
BROAD

YADKIN

NEUSE
PASQUOTANK

TAR-PAMLICO

HIWASSEE SAVANNAH

LUMBER

CAPE FEAR WHITE OAK _^

Legend
14 Digit Hydrologic Code
River Basins
Subbasins
_^ Town of Atlantic Beach

0 20
Miles
40 80 120 160

1 inch = 19 miles
White Oak River Basin
03-05-01 03-05-04
03-05-02
03-05-03
_^
Town of
Atlantic Beach Page 87
Town of Atlantic Beach 88 Core Land Use Plan
Aquatic Life:
Total: 15.1 mi./5,788.1 ac.
Total Supported: 5,847.9 mi.
Total Impaired: 140.2 ac.
Total Not Rated: 15.1 mi.
Recreation:
Total: 11.2 mi./17,912.9 ac.
Total Supported: 11.2 mi./17,764.7 ac
Total Impaired: 148.1 ac.
Shellfish Harvesting:
Total: 5.2 mi./23,867.4 ac.
Total Supported: 19,357.1 ac.
Total Impaired: 5.2 mi./14,410.3 ac.
DWQ has developed a draft third edition of its 5-year basin plan for the
White Oak River Basin. The draft was available in January 2007. Some of the
information provided here has been obtained from DWQ’s draft 2006 basin plan.

The basin contains much of Onslow and Carteret Counties and small
portions of Craven and Jones Counties, and includes a total of 16 municipalities,
including the larger and fast-growing City of Jacksonville, as well as the Towns of
Beaufort, Morehead City, Emerald Isle, and Newport.

It also contains five subbasins, 417 miles of streams, over 130,000 acres of
estuarine waters and 91 miles of Atlantic Coastline.

b. Subbasin 03-05-03

Subbasin 03-05-03 is comprised of central Carteret County from the
Croatan National Forest to Beaufort and Beaufort Inlet and contains the Town of
Atlantic Beach, all of Bogue Banks, and Cape Carteret, Newport, and Morehead
City. Table 32 provides an overview of the population and land use present in the
subbasin.

Table 32: Subbasin 03-05-03
Area, Population, and Land Cover
Land and Water Area (square miles)
Total area: 228
Land Cover (%)
Forest/Wetland:

59
Land area: 168 Surface Water: 26
Water area: 60 Urban: 4
Cultivated Crops: 6.5
Population Statistics
2000 Est. Population: 14,846 persons
Pop. Density: 65 persons per sq. mi.
Pasture: 4
Monitored Water Body Statistics

As Table 32 indicates, the subbasin is heavily forested and only contains
one developed area north of Morehead City - the Town of Newport. Although
there are indications of nutrient inputs in the upper Newport River, as well as
elevated levels of fecal coliform bacteria, the water quality in the subbasin is
Town of Atlantic Beach 89 Core Land Use Plan
generally good, with 11,236 of 34,146 acres of estuarine waters being classified
by DWQ as Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW).

There are eight (8) facilities permitted to discharge wastewater into the
subbasin under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) with
a total permitted flow of approximately 4.75 million gallons per day (MGD).

c. Registered Animal Operations in the White Oak River Basin

The presence of animal operations is significant to water quality, since
these operations typically produce large amounts of waste that can negatively
affect water quality. This is particularly true in subbasin 03-05-03 where fecal
coliform contamination has been a significant concern, due to the impact on
shellfishing and recreation described above.

According to the draft BWP, there are two swine operations with a total of
951 animals within Subbasin 03-05-03. These operations are located near Newport
on the mainland of Carteret County. While the number of operations remained
constant between 1998 and 2004, the number of animals decreased significantly
from 3,375 animals in 1998 to the 951 cited above.

d. Population, Population Densities, and Growth Trends

According to the 2006 draft BWP, the 2000 population of the basin was
estimated to be 311,680, or approximately 3.9% of the State’s 2000 population.
The majority of this population resides in Onslow County. The current density of
the basin is 131 persons per square mile.

For subbasin 03-05-03, the total estimated 2000 population was 14,846, an
increase of approximately 30.2% over the estimated 1990 population of 11,404.
This number reflects only the permanent population and does not reflect the huge
seasonal populations in Morehead City and the towns along Bogue Banks, including
Atlantic Beach.

This population increase is reflected in the increase in urban land cover in
the White Oak River Basin watershed from approximately 52 acres in 1982 (4% of
land area) to 95 acres in 1997 (8% of land area) - an 81% increase. The vast
majority of this increase comes from the mainland, since Atlantic Beach is very
nearly built out to its maximum urbanized land cover, although densities could
increase in the future. During this same period, forested lands shrunk by 9.7%
from 379 acres to 342 acres.
Town of Atlantic Beach 90 Core Land Use Plan
C. ANALYSIS OF LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT

1. Introduction

The Division of Coastal Management Land Use Plan Guidelines (15A NCAC 7B.0207)
require that existing land uses and water uses be mapped. The land and water use maps
in conjunction with the land suitability map, page 149 should be utilized as working
documents and serve as a basis for the development of the future land use map(s).
Specifically, this plan should address the following:

■ Significant land use compatibility problems;

■ Significant water use compatibility problems including those identified in
any water supply plan appendix and those identified in the applicable
Division of Environmental Management basinwide plan;

■ Significant problems that have resulted from unplanned development and
that have implications for future land use, water use, or water quality;

■ An identification of areas experiencing or likely to experience changes in
predominant land uses;

■ Significant water quality conditions and the connection between land use
and water quality.

2. Land Use in Relation to Water Quality

This section will serve to take a closer look at how land use in the Town of Atlantic
Beach relates to water quality. This section has been compiled with information provided
by the 2006 draft BWP.

It should be noted that the results of the monitoring efforts are not intended to
provide precise conclusions about pollutant budgets for specific watersheds. Since the
assessment methodology is geared toward general conclusions, it is important not to
manipulate the data to support policy decisions beyond the accuracy of the data.

Two primary methods of water quality testing were performed in the Town of
Atlantic Beach. The details of this methodology are described below so that the
information on the results of this testing can be better understood. The methods utilized
were Benthic Macroinvertebrate Monitoring (BMM) and the Ambient Monitoring System
(AMS). DWQ also observes water bodies for the existence of algal blooms, which are an
indication of poor water quality. Locations of BMM and AMS monitoring stations are
provided on Map 11 (page 81).
Town of Atlantic Beach 91 Core Land Use Plan
Benthic macroinvertebrates are organisms, primarily aquatic insect larvae, which
live in and on the bottoms of rivers and streams. The use of macroinvertebrate data has
proven to be a reliable water quality monitoring tool because most macroinvertebrates
are immobile and sensitive to subtle changes in water quality. Benthic communities also
respond to, and show the effects of, a wide array of potential pollutant mixtures.

The Ambient Monitoring System (AMS) is a network of stream, lake, and estuarine
(saltwater) water quality monitoring stations (about 420 statewide) strategically located
for the collection of physical and chemical water quality data (or parameters). Water
quality parameters are arranged by freshwater or saltwater water body classification and
corresponding water quality standards.

Prolific growths of phytoplankton, often due to high concentrations of nutrients,
sometimes result in “blooms” in which one or more species of alga may discolor the water
or form visible mats on the water's surface. Blooms may be unsightly and deleterious to
water quality causing fish kills, anoxia, and taste and odor problems.

The results of monitoring at the AMS and BMM stations depicted on Map 11,
together with the water quality monitoring efforts at and near shellfish grounds by the
North Carolina Division of Environmental Health/Shellfish Sanitation office (DEH SS)
indicate that relatively dense land use with little buffering of the Sound, poorly controlled
stormwater discharges, and the presence of many poorly functioning septic systems is
having a negative effect on water quality.

As noted in Section (V)(B)(1)(h)(v) above, the waters of Bogue Sound north of
Atlantic Beach are classified as “SA” or suitable for commercial shellfish harvesting - a
categorization limited to only the highest quality estuarine waters in the State.
Unfortunately, there are four areas in Atlantic Beach that are closed to shellfish
harvesting due to fecal coliform bacteria contamination, a component of human and
animal fecal waste matter.

All waters are impaired on an evaluated basis in the fish consumption category
because of elevated mercury levels. No freshwater was Impaired in this subbasin, except
for fish consumption.

The 2001 BWP made the following recommendations regarding water quality in
subbasin 03-05-03 that are applicable to the Town of Atlantic Beach:

■ Bogue Sound Reclassifications: The bacteriological water quality of Bogue
Sound north of the Town continues to decline. Therefore, DWQ has
indicated that they may recommend an expansion of the areas of Bogue
Sound closed to shellfishing, depending on the frequency of temporary
closures caused by spikes in recorded fecal coliform counts.
Town of Atlantic Beach 92 Core Land Use Plan
■ Stormwater Pumping: DWQ and the Division of Environmental Health /
Shellfish Sanitation office (DEH SS) are “monitoring” the Town’s discharge
of pumped stormwater onto beaches and estuarine areas and this
discharge’s impact on shellfish harvesting waters. This stormwater
pumping can negatively impact shellfish harvesting and fish spawning
areas. The discharge of pumped stormwater onto beaches and
recreational waters results in a public advisory being released and a sign
posted at the discharge site that discourages swimming.

The BWP also makes the following recommendations regarding land use planning
to improve water quality in the White Oak River basin:

■ Minimize number and width of residential streets
■ Minimize size of parking areas
■ Place sidewalks on only one side of residential streets
■ Minimize culvert pipe and hardened stormwater conveyances
■ Vegetate road right-of-ways to increase infiltration
■ Plant and protect natural buffer zones along streams and tributaries
Other recommended items include:
■ Controlling stormwater runoff
■ Protecting wetland areas through land use plans

The 2006 draft BWP provided the following local initiatives for the subbasin:

■ Land aquisition projects in this subbasin through North Carolina Coastal
Federation (NCCF) total 118 acres and include Hoop Pole Creek in Atlantic
Beach, Emerald Isle Woods in Emerald Isle, and Sugarloaf Island in
Morehead City. NCCF is investigating the possibility of the acquisition of
conservation easements on about 7,000 acres of land north of the Newport
River to protect water quality in the Newport and preserve forested
habitat. This is a high priority in the oyster plan.

■ NCCF has partnered on four stormwater projects in this basin, located at
Emerald Isle Woods (2001), Morehead City Visitor’s Center (2004), Carteret
Community College (2006), and Hoop Pole Creek (2007).

■ Living Shoreline Projects provide shoreline stabilization while also restoring
wetland habitat area and providing a stormwater buffer. Living shorelines
projects in this subbasin are located at the NC Maritime Museum in
Beaufort (2001), Duke University Marine Lab in Beaufort (2002), NC
Town of Atlantic Beach 93 Core Land Use Plan
Aquarium at Pine Knoll Shores (2002), and four private locations in
Morehead City, Beaufort, Pine Knoll Shores, and Salter Path.

■ Oyster habitat area has been restored through NCCF at Hoop Pole Creek in
Atlantic Beach. Four distinct oyster reef areas have been restored through
different projects from 1998-2006. These projects also included
educational opportunities for local students and research opportunities for
local universities.

■ A shoreline stabilization and habitat restoration project was completed at
Carteret Community College in 2006. This project included sections of
living shoreline, offshore breakwaters, oyster reef habitat, and a
stormwater bmp.

■ This subbasin is targeted for conservation by Onslow Bight Conservation
Forum.

It should be noted that the NC Division of Water Quality determined that its
current coastal stormwater rules have not been adequately effective towards addressing
water quality impacts to public trust waters. Additionally, DWQ’s review of scientific
studies has resulted in a determination that local governments simply deferring to state
and federal rules to address water quality issues still results in impaired local water
quality based on the following conclusions:

■ Areas with impervious surfaces of 10% or greater can be linked to local
stream degradation.
■ Biological diversity has been shown to drop when impervious surface areas
increase beyond 10-15%.
■ Stream stability is affected when impervious surfaces approach 10% in an
area.
■ Estuaries generally degrade with impervious surfaces of greater than 10%.
■ Sensitive fish species loss increase after about 12% impervious surface.

3. Existing Land Use

a. Introduction

As was stated in the Town’s 1993 CAMA Land Use Plan update, the Town
of Atlantic Beach was originally chartered in 1937 and from that time until
approximately 1960, the Town developed a small commercial core known as “The
Circle” (West Drive/Central Drive/East Drive). Most development in the Town was
commercial development near The Circle catering to the traffic from day visitors
Town of Atlantic Beach 94 Core Land Use Plan
to the Town. Very little residential development existed and the vast majority of
land in the current corporate limits was vacant.

Between approximately 1960 and 2000, numerous land use changes
occurred that substantially defined the current form of the Town today, as
follows:

■ Substantial Bogue Sound water and wetland areas were bulkheaded and
filled for development.

■ NC Highway 58 (Ft. Macon Road) leading to the mainland bridge developed
with continuous strip commercialization.

■ “The Circle," was primarily developed with commercial development.
During the late 1960s, significant deterioration began and continued
through the 1990s. No significant redevelopment occurred.

■ The town has developed with small overcrowded lots that do not have the
capacity/size to adequately accommodate extensive septic tank usage.

■ Development spread east and west of the original town core, leaving very
little vacant land for development.

In order to characterize current (existing) land use and to help characterize
land development trends since the late 1990s, existing land uses in the Town of
Atlantic Beach were mapped by conducting a windshield survey of the Town.
Windshield surveys were conducted by Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. (HCP), in
October, 2004 and January, 2005. The results of this survey were transferred to
a parcel base map provided to HCP by the Carteret County Tax Office. The
referenced windshield survey was supplemented by an analysis of aerial
photography and data by Town Planning Director Lee Smith performed in February,
2005, in conjunction with HCP.

The following categories of land use were used during this survey:

■ Single-Family Residential includes all detached single-family homes on
individual lots.

■ Multi-Family residential structures are those with two or more dwelling
units, including apartments, townhouses, and condominiums.
Town of Atlantic Beach 95 Core Land Use Plan
■ The Mobile Home category includes single mobile homes on individual lots.
This category does NOT include modular homes which are built to the NC
State Building Code and are considered Single-Family Residential units.

■ The Mobile Home Park category includes mobile homes located on a site
owned by one individual where lots are rented. Recreational
vehicle/travel trailer parks are also included here.

■ The Commercial use category consists of retail sales and service
establishment, including tourist-oriented recreational businesses. Motels
are also included as commercial uses.

■ Office/Institutional uses include (non-retail) offices with related areas
(including governmental offices), and churches.

■ Utilities includes major wastewater and water facilities, privately- and
publicly-owned.

■ Recreation includes areas exclusively used for recreation that are
accessible to the public.

■ Vacant land areas are those which currently are not in use.

Table 33 presents a summary of existing land uses and Map 14 depicts these
land uses graphically.

Table 33: Town of Atlantic Beach
Existing Land Use, February, 2005

Land Use Category Parcels Acres % of Total Acres
Commercial 176 129.315 7.83%
Mobile Home 124 21.760 1.32%
Mobile Home Park 118 88.835 5.38%
Multi-Family 1,974 180.188 10.92%
Office and Institutional 8 7.128 0.43%
Recreation 5 1.315 0.08%
Single-Family Residential 1,589 351.800 21.31%
Utilities 10 79.286 4.81%
Vacant 426 466.321 28.25%
Right-of-way N/A 178.322 10.81%
Water N/A 146.310 8.86%
TOTAL 4,430 1,650.580 100.00%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc., and the Town of Atlantic Beach Planning Department.
Bayview Blvd

1 inch = 1,625 feet

Feet

Corporate Limits

Legend
Multi-Family
0 1,125 2,250 4,500 6,750 9,000
Hydrology
Existing Land Use
Commercial
Mobile Home
Mobile Home Park
Office and Institutional
Single-Family Residential
Recreation
Utilities
Vacant
MAP 14

Town of Atlantic Beach
Land Use Plan
Exist ing Land Use

Page 96
W Fort Macon Dr
E Terminal Blvd
A T L A N T I C O C E A N Mobile Dr Center Dr
Town of Atlantic Beach 97 Core Land Use Plan
The most significant land use changes since the 1993 CAMA Land Use Plan
Update can be summarized as follows:

■ All areas west of Cedar Lane to the Pine Knoll Shores corporate limits have
been annexed into the Town of Atlantic Beach. All areas in the eastern
part of Town to the Fort Macon State Park boundary have also been
annexed. These annexations increased the land area of the Town
(excluding right-of-way) by approximately 275 acres.

■ The stock of vacant, developable land has continued its decade long
decrease. Although 35.17% of land in the Town is considered “vacant”, the
vast majority of this land is non-developable due to Federal, State, or
Town development restrictions. Holland Consulting Planners estimates
that only approximately 50 acres of land in Town is vacant and readily
developable under current development regulations.

■ Despite the lack of public sewerage, land values throughout the Town have
increased dramatically in the last 10 years, especially in the last 2 to 3
years. This has had the effect of substantially increasing the value of new
development and limiting the development of housing affordable to low
and moderate income homeowners or renters.

For example, the tax valuation of the 28 single-family residences (including
mobile homes) permitted in the year 2000 was approximately $2.75
million, or $98,288 per unit. The tax valuation of the 35 single-family
residences permitted in the year 2004 was approximately $7.40 million, or
$211,428 per unit.

■ Although substantial redevelopment has not occurred as of this writing
(February, 2005), the large increase in land values noted above indicates
that the Town is poised to experience a significant increase in such
development. This is particularly true near “The Circle” area, where a
significant redevelopment project will be underway by mid-2005 (see
discussion below).

Significant developments for each land use are presented below.
Town of Atlantic Beach 98 Core Land Use Plan
b. Residential Land Use

Atlantic Beach provides distinct residential variety. The residential areas
range from moderate density, single-family, predominantly year-round residential
areas to high density seasonal mobile home parks. The various types of residential
areas are summarized as follows:

■ Moderate density predominantly year-round residential areas: The two
areas most notably fitting this description are the residential areas
extending from NC 58 north to Shoreline, Forest Knoll, and Hoop Pole
Creek Drives, and the residential areas constructed on fill north of Davis
Boulevard. Overall, only about 20.8% of all housing units in the Town are
occupied year-round.

■ Moderate density seasonal single family residential development
constructed on fill areas extending into Bogue Sound: These areas have
been primarily developed within the last 30 years. However, the
development of new units adjacent to Bogue Sounds has almost come to
a halt due to Federal and State development regulations in the area.

■ Moderate to high density, high value oceanfront properties: This
development is scattered along the town's ocean shoreline, but is primarily
concentrated along Ocean Ridge Drive, East and West Boardwalk, and
Glenn Street.

■ "Old Atlantic Beach" residential areas are generally situated between
NC 58, West Fort Macon Road/oceanfront properties/Cedar Lane
area/Wilson Avenue area. The dwelling units within these area vary
greatly in size and condition. Many units are beginning to show age and
signs of deterioration. The area has much of the character of old North
Carolina Outer Banks beach communities. Most units within this area were
constructed prior to 1960, with many being built in the 1940s and 1950s.

■ Medium to high density multi-family condominium units are scattered
throughout Atlantic Beach. Most of these units have been constructed
within the last 25 years, with approximately 50% having been built since
1980. The architectural styles vary widely, resulting in much visual
inconsistency in the town's landscape. The greatest concentrations of this
development are located along NC 58 between the Lee Drive area and the
NC/Ocean Ridge Drive intersection, and along the south side (ocean side)
of NC 58 east of Commerce Way.
Town of Atlantic Beach 99 Core Land Use Plan
■ High density mobile home parks comprise almost 7% of the town's total
land area. The parks serve mainly seasonal owners or renters. The
majority of the mobile homes are over ten years old and were not built to
withstand hurricane force winds. If the town succeeds in installing a
central sewer system, it is expected that increased land values may cause
many of the mobile home parks to become candidates for redevelopment.
The mobile home parks are located in the following areas and are
delineated on the existing land use map: Mobile Drive, NC 58 on Hoop Pole
Creek opposite Dunescrape Villas, Davis Boulevard, North Shore Drive I and
II, Oceanna, and Triple Ess Marina. In total, there are currently 20
operating mobile home parks in the Town, with approximately 1,000
mobile home units.

■ Mobile homes on single family lots are scattered throughout many areas of
Atlantic Beach. However, there are concentrations of mobile homes
situated on individual lots in the following areas: Money Island Drive
Subdivision, Money Island Beach Subdivision, Coastal Mobile Estates, Beach
Mobile Home Court, Knollwood Banks, and the Triple-Ess Shores
Subdivision. These areas are characterized by small lots (generally 6,000
square feet or less) resulting in high density. Congestion is further
generated in the Money Island Beach Subdivision because the streets were
constructed so as to not tie in with adjacent town streets. Therefore,
access in and out of the development is primarily limited to one street.
There are approximately 225 to 250 mobile homes on individual lots in the
Town.
■ In 2005, the approximate average residential densities were:
Single-Family 7 dwelling units per acre
Multi-Family 7 dwelling units per acre
Mobile Home Parks 9 dwelling units per acre
All Residential 8.5 dwelling units per acre

These densities are not expected to increase. If central sewer service
becomes available, it is expected that some mobile home parks may be
converted to other residential uses which should result in an overall
decrease in residential density. It is unusual to have the same residential
density for both single and multi-family development. This is primarily the
result of small, high density single-family lots in the older sections of town.
Town of Atlantic Beach 100 Core Land Use Plan
c. Commercial Land Use

Little change occurred in the town's commercial land use since the Town’s
1993 CAMA Land Use Plan Update.

The commercialization along the Causeway and NC Highway 58 exhibits
some of the less desirable aspects of strip commercialization, including almost
continuous points of vehicle ingress and egress, no service roads, extensive
signage, small commercial lot development, and traffic congestion resulting from
both local traffic and vehicles traveling through the area to reach points west of
Atlantic Beach. However, the Causeway area is one of the trademarks of the
Atlantic Beach landscape. Some improvements including improved traffic control,
decreased signage, service roads, parking, landscaping, and the removal of
overhead wiring would significantly improve the area.

Also significant is that the design of much of this strip commercialization,
described above, leads to conflicts with single-family and lower-density multi-
family (2 to 4 units) development, particularly north of NC 58.

Atlantic Beach's oldest and most recognizable commercial area is “The
Circle." This area is delineated on Map 15. Since the 1960s, the "Circle" has been
the victim of deteriorating buildings, traffic congestion, and a proliferation of bars
and alcoholic beverage control problems. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the
town began a vigorous effort to redevelop the Circle area. An aggressive program
of acquiring buildings which were severely deteriorated and/or the location of
establishments with ABC licenses was begun. In 1992, the town acquired control
of 4.1 acres of land within “The Circle.”

In 2004, the Town established the Circle Development District (“CDD”, see
Map 15). The CDD is designed to re-establish and preserve the area as the primary
civic, retail, office, institutional, cultural and entertainment center for the
community. It intends to achieve this by providing a development location and
atmosphere where building improvements, streetscape, lighting, landscaping,
parking, and public improvements preserve “The Circle” as the premier
destination for residents and visitors of Atlantic Beach. Building design, parking,
transportation, and improvements in the District will focus and be designed for the
comfort and enjoyment of the pedestrian while still allowing for a well balanced
flow of automobile traffic. Infill opportunities with higher density development
respecting the historic fabric of the area are envisioned. Mixed-use development
in the form of multi-family dwelling units on the upper floors of buildings with
commercial or non-residential uses on lower floors is strongly encouraged. Higher
densities of use are visualized being focused around the key, central area
Town of Atlantic Beach 101 Core Land Use Plan
commercial/institutional hub of “The Circle.” Densities and building height and
mass should decrease gradually toward the edges of the development district to
provide transition between the lower density neighborhoods and the more intense
uses appropriate for a community center. General public parking facilities are
recommended and encouraged in addition to the creation of single use private
parking lots (Source: Town of Atlantic Beach, Ordinance Number 04-09-01).

Development is scheduled to proceed in mid-2005. The development of
this mixed-use CDD, if successful, could spur further attempts at mixed-use
development, where appropriate.

Since 1993, the town's motel/hotel usage has changed very little. Old
motels and hotels continue to be located along the Causeway and NC 58.

d. Other Land Uses

Almost 80 acres, or approximately 6% of the Town’s area, are devoted to
public water utility (e.g., well and tank sites) or large package treatment plants
for wastewater operated by individual multi-family developments (e.g., condo
associations). About 75% of this total is taken up by the aforementioned package
plants. In the event of community sewerage being installed in the Town, this land
could be redeveloped over time to a higher use.

Approximately 20 acres is currently occupied by Town buildings/offices and
Town-owned parking lots, much of which is located in desirable locations near
“The Circle” District. A Town-owned parking lot near “The Circle” area is a
prominent example of valuable Town-owned property, along with the current
Town Hall on Kinston Street.

As the Town encourages growth and redevelopment in “The Circle”
district, pressures may develop to sell or redevelop numerous Town-owned
properties. While such sales or redevelopment may benefit “The Circle” district
or other areas of the Town, the desire to encourage redevelopment must be
weighed against the impact of such redevelopment on the quality and cost of
providing governmental services.

Only 1.3 acres of land is designated as recreational, primarily regional
beach access sites owned by the Town and only 7 acres, or approximately 0.5% of
the total Town land area was office or institutional. This was primarily churches
and Town offices. Some office uses can be found within the larger commercial
developments (e.g., Coral Bay and Atlantic Station Shopping Centers), but these
uses are considered commercial for the purpose of the Existing Land Use map.

Map 15

Page 102
Town of Atlantic Beach 103 Core Land Use Plan
e. Vacant Land

As noted above, approximately 466 acres of the Town, or 35.17% of the
land in the Town is considered vacant. It should be noted, however, that the vast
majority of this “vacant” land should be considered undevelopable. Based on the
best estimates of Holland Consulting Planners, Inc., only approximately 50 acres
of land in the Town (3.25% of all land) is currently developable under current
Federal, State, and local development regulations. The reasons for this are
primarily as follows:

■ Some “vacant” land is permanently protected from development by deed
restriction, such as the 35-acre Hoop Hole Creek site owned by the North
Carolina Coastal Federation.

■ The majority of the land depicted on Map 14 as “vacant” are areas that are
undevelopable because of the fact that they are protected wetlands, many
of which stay wet for large portions of the year. These are areas north of
NC Highway 58 that abut Bogue Sound. Approximately 275 to 300 acres of
the area depicted as vacant on the Town’s existing land use map would fall
under this category.

■ Approximately 50 acres of land are in private recreation areas (e.g., those
associated with multi-family developments) and sideyards that are
currently vacant and that could be developed, but that are highly unlikely
to be developed in the five to seven year planning timeframe.

A more detailed discussion of development trends affecting vacant land
will be provided in Section V(G) of this Plan.

D. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING COMMUNITY FACILITIES/SERVICES

1. Transportation

NC Highway 58 (East and West Fort Macon Road) and the Atlantic Beach Causeway
(State Road 1182) are the town's only major thoroughfares. The town is connected to the
mainland by the Atlantic Beach/Morehead City Bridge. These roadways are all owned and
maintained by the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT).

The Causeway and Fort Macon Road are extremely congested during peak summer
months. On Memorial Day, 2004, the NCDOT conducted a traffic count at the Sea Water
Marina off the Atlantic Beach Causeway (NCDOT, Bogue Banks Pedestrian and Bicycle
Safety Review, 2004). According to NCDOT, the design capacity of the road is 29,500
average daily traffic. NCDOT recorded 32,162 cars passing on Fort Macon Road at the Sea
Water Marina on May 30, 2004.
Town of Atlantic Beach 104 Core Land Use Plan
Despite this fact, the NCDOT Transportation Improvement Plan for Carteret County
(2004-2010) does not anticipate any NCDOT roadway improvements in the Town through
the 2010 planning horizon. The only project anticipated is sidewalk installation along
West Fort Macon Road from Ocean Ridge Drive to the corporate limits, to be completed
in 2005 for a total cost of $120,000.

Because of the seasonal nature of the Town’s population, traffic loads vary
significantly between seasons. Map 16 depicts the average annual daily traffic counts
(AADT) for major intersections in the Town for 2005, as provided by the NCDOT. Table 34
presents the volume of traffic (i.e., number of cars) at major thoroughfares in Town as
recorded by the NCDOT on Memorial Day weekend (May 29-31) of 2004. Therefore,
Table 34 should represent something close to “peak” or maximum traffic loads.

Table 34. Town of Atlantic Beach
Motor Vehicle Counts, Memorial Day Weekend, 2004

Number of Vehicles Passing Location on
Location of Traffic Count Peak Day of Memorial Day Weekend, 2004
Coral Bay Club 17,303
Coral Bay Shopping Center 26,395
Durham Avenue 25,369
Raleigh Avenue 23,833
Beaufort Avenue/Center Drive 16,841
Bayview Boulevard 14,972
Oceanna Drive 15,346
8 ½ Marina and Condos 11,555
Henderson Boulevard 10,604
Sea Water Marina 32,162
Channel Marker Restaurant 31,635

Source: NCDOT, Bogue Banks Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Review, 2004.

The Streets Division of the town’s Public Works Department is primarily responsible
for the maintenance of the Town’s 17.06 miles of streets. This maintenance includes
paving, patching, storm drainage, and the installation or replacement of street signs. In
2004, the Town received Powell Bill funding in the amount of $70,672. Many of the roads
in the older residential sections are in need of repair and/or resurfacing.

W Fort Macon Dr Center Dr Bayview Blvd

16000
kj

16000
kj

kj 7100

kj 15000

1 inch = 1,625 feet

0 1,125
Feet
2,250 4,500 6,750 9,000

MAP 16
Town of Atlantic Beach
Land Use Plan
North Carol ina
Department of Transportation
Annual Average Dai ly Traff ic Count 2005

Legend
Corporate Limits
kj Traffic Count Points
Hydrology

Page 105
E Terminal Blvd
A T L A N T I C O C E A N Mobile Dr
Town of Atlantic Beach 106 Core Land Use Plan
2. Health Care

Carteret General Hospital (CGH) located at 3500 Arendell Street in Morehead City,
about 2 miles from the Town, is the primary source of emergency and critical care for
citizens of Atlantic Beach. Some relevant information regarding CGH follows:

■ Fifty-six active staff physicians, 45 consulting physicians and 12 visiting/
courtesy physicians cover a comprehensive range of specialties.

■ A Cancer Care Center provides medical oncology for patients who require
chemotherapy and a full service radiation therapy center equipped with a
state-of-the-art linear accelerator and simulator. The medical oncology
clinic is provided through collaboration between the East Carolina
University School of Medicine Oncology department and Carteret General
Hospital.

■ Specialty outpatient clinics are offered at the hospital for neurology and
autologous blood transfusions. Sophisticated technologies provided include
nuclear medicine, CT scanning, mobile lithotrypsy, laser surgery, and
laparoscopic surgery.

■ The hospital has 117 beds with an average of 87 inpatients each day and
performs over 410 surgeries each month. In addition, over 4,000 outpatient
tests or treatments are provided each month.

■ Approximately 23,000 patients are treated in the Emergency Department
and over 570 babies are delivered annually in the Brady Birthing Center.

■ The AllWell program, a collaboration between Carteret General Hospital
and the Carteret County Health Department, provides successful wellness
programs for area employers. This division offers numerous community
and industrial health and education programs.

■ The Taylor Extended Care Facility provides skilled nursing services for
residents who require long-term care. The facility accommodates 104
residents on Nelson's Bay.

■ Carteret Home Health and Hospice of Carteret County are divisions of
Carteret General Hospital. These mergers have allowed outstanding
continuity of care and assistance for patients as they move from hospital
to home.
Town of Atlantic Beach 107 Core Land Use Plan
In the Town limits, there is only one doctor’s office, an urgent care clinic called
Med Center One that is privately-owned and treats minor emergencies and offers primary
general medical care. The facility is located on Atlantic Beach Causeway and offers an
in-house X-ray service and a dispensing pharmacy for patients of record. Med Center One
provides services on a walk-in basis.

Numerous primary care physicians can be found in Morehead City, Beaufort,
Emerald Isle and Pine Knoll Shores. There is one dental practice in the Town at 501
Atlantic Beach Causeway run by Dr. J.E. Cameron and staffed with three associated
dentists, and there are numerous dentists available in Morehead City and Beaufort.

3. Law Enforcement

The Atlantic Beach Police Department (ABPD) is a full service law enforcement
agency responsible for the enforcement of all laws and the investigation of any crimes
within the town limits of Atlantic Beach. The Department is composed of 18 full-sworn
police officers, 6 civilian support staff members, and 10 part-time sworn officer positions
that are used during the peak season. The Police Department is divided into three
sections: Administration, Patrol, and Support Services. Emergency response is available
through 9-1-1.

The Department has 19 patrol vehicles, one utility trailer with lights, cones and
other emergency equipment, a Polaris All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV), and a 21-foot Marine
Patrol vehicle, primarily used for monitoring the Sound.

According to Captain Reeme of the Atlantic Beach Police Department, the
Department also sponsors the Town’s Community Watch program, focused on
neighborhood crime reduction through citizen involvement with the police, and the
National Night Out program, focused on educating the public on crime reduction through
exhibits and entertainment on one night each year in the fall. The Department, through
the Community Watch program, also works with business owners to raise funds for
rewards and recognition of community leaders in crime reduction efforts. Finally, the
Department sponsors the Citizen’s Police Academy program that helps train and educate
citizens on police procedures.

The ABPD also relies on assistance from the Carteret County Sheriff’s Department
in cases where outside assistance is necessary.
Town of Atlantic Beach 108 Core Land Use Plan
4. Fire/Emergency Medical Services (EMS)

The Atlantic Beach Fire/EMS Department’s mission is to “provide protection to life
and property of the citizens of the Town of Atlantic Beach from adverse effects of fire,
medical emergencies and dangerous conditions created by either man or nature.”

The Career Staff consists of a Fire Chief, three Shift Captains, and nine additional
shift personnel. Each shift consists of three personnel led by a Captain working 24 hours
on and 48 hours off. This staff is supplemented by 15 volunteer firefighters. The
Department maintains one ladder vehicle, one engine, two rescue vehicles, and a car for
the Chief.

The Department also provides EMS and Rescue services and maintains two
ambulances staffed with paramedics. Since 2002, the Department has expanded its
rescue services to the community and has become one of the premiere fire departments
in the region through its specialization in numerous rescue disciplines. According to
Captain Mike Simpson, all Department personnel are qualified as “North Carolina Rescue
Technicians,” which is a certification that serves as a foundation of other rescue
certifications and which means that all Department personnel are qualified in vehicle and
machinery rescue and extrication as well as other basic rescue techniques. Additionally,
the Department is certified in Surface Water (i.e., flood and swift water) Rescue and
Ocean/Surf Rescue, one of only four fire departments in the State to earn this latter
certification.

The Department was also certified by the North Carolina Fire and Rescue
Commission at the Medium Rescue Level, which means that they have advanced training
and equipment for all types of technical rescues. The Department is the only fire/rescue
department in Carteret County to have obtained this level of certification. The
Department also has staff certified in all manner of specialized rescue techniques, such
as confined space rescue, rope rescue, and high angle rescue. In 2006, the Department
plans to have a dive rescue team in place.

The Department maintains an automatic assistance agreement with the Town of
Pine Knoll Shores, meaning the Department is dispatched to any significant fire in Pine
Knoll Shores. The Pine Knoll Shores Fire Department provides reciprocal service. The
Department also maintains a mutual aid agreement with the County that either party can
utilize when local resources are insufficient for a given situation.

The Town’s ISO Fire rating is 4, down from 5 in 1996 (on a scale of 1 to 10, with
1 being the best), due to the improvement and installation of fire hydrants at the west
end of Town.
Town of Atlantic Beach 109 Core Land Use Plan
5. Administration

Atlantic Beach operates under a Council-Manager form of government with a full-
time Town Manager and five governmental departments: Administration and Finance (6
employees), Public Works (15 employees), Planning and Inspections (3 employees), Police
(21 employees - 16 Sworn Officers and 5 Support Personnel*), and Fire/EMS (13
employees). On land use planning matters, the Town Council is supported by a Planning
Board and Board of Adjustment.

*NOTE: Differential from Law Enforcement section is based on full-time equivalent
positions.

6. Water Supply

The Town of Atlantic Beach operates its own water supply system, drawn from
groundwater of the Castle Hayne aquifer underlying the Town. The extent of the system
is depicted on Map 17. The system is supplied by six deep wells, located at sites
throughout the Town (see Map 17 - Existing Infrastructure/Community Facilities). Water
storage is provided by two elevated and one below ground storage tanks which have a
total storage capacity of 1,500,000 gallons.

The water supply is of good quality and the supply has been consistent. Treatment
provides softened fluoridated water. Based on the Town’s 2002 Local Water Supply Plan
submitted to the North Carolina Division of Water Resources, the system can produce 1.74
million gallons in a 12-hour period. The system's water treatment capacity is 2,500
gallons per minute, or 2.5 million gallons per day.

In 2002, maximum daily use per day varied from a low of 482,000 gallons per day
in February to 1,645,000 gallons per day in July, or approximately 65.8% of system
capacity on the peak day of the year. Total water usage for 2002 was 239.3 million
gallons, up only slightly from 1996 totals. Peak monthly usage of approximately 36.5
million gallons (July or August) has remained roughly constant for approximately 10 years,
due to the fact that new water connections are increasingly rare due to near “build-out”
under existing zoning and development demands. Table 35 provides average and
maximum daily water usage by month for the year 2002.

10 6^_
W Charlotte Ave
! ! E Bogue Blvd
E Bogue B!lvd
E Terminal Blvd
!
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! S Raleigh Ave N Kinston Ave !

Community Facilities
1. Well Site #1
2. Well Site #2
3. Well Site #3
4. Well Site #4
5. Well Site #5
6. Elevated Water Storage Tanks
7. Below Ground Water Storage Tank
8A. Regional Shoreline Access Site
8B. Regional Shoreline Access Site
8C. Regional Shoreline Access Site
9. Boat Ramp
10. Town Hall/Police Department
11. Fire Department

!

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! 11_^
10_^

_^ _^
8C 8A

1_^
6_^ _^ 7
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^_! !
7

!! !!
8_^C 8A

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1 inch = 1,625 feet

Feet
Legend
0 850 1,700 3,400 5,100

MAP 17
Town of Atlantic Beach
Land Use Plan
Communi ty Faci l ities and
Existing Infrastructure
Corporate Limits
_^ Community Facilities
Existing Water Lines
Hydrology

Page 110

!
! !

!
!
!
!
! ! ! !
! ! ! ! !
!
!
!
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! ! !
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! ! ! ! !
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A T L A N T I C O C E A N ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Bay! view Blvd ! ! ! ! S Raleigh Ave ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
Town of Atlantic Beach 111 Core Land Use Plan
Table 35. Town of Atlantic Beach
Average Daily and Maximum Day Water Usage by Month, 2002

Average Daily Use Maximum Day Use
Month (in MGD) (in MGD)
January 0.373 0.571
February 0.378 0.482
March 0.450 0.842
April 0.595 0.843
May 0.782 1.510
June 1.023 1.624
July 1.181 1.645
August 0.959 1.313
September 0.673 1.071
October 0.599 0.999
November 0.490 0.681
December 0.344 0.500

Source: Town of Atlantic Beach, 2002 Local Water Supply Plan.

In addition to the available water capacity discussed above, water pressure is
sufficient to provide for adequate fire protection.

7. Wastewater Disposal

The Town of Atlantic Beach does not have a central sewer system. Most
residences and businesses rely on septic tank usage for sewage disposal. Because of the
extremely high density of development, serious groundwater and estuarine water
pollution has occurred as the result of septic tank failures. The Carteret County Health
Department monitors and regulates the operation of all septic systems. An up to date list
of septic failures is available through the Health Department. Both commercial and
residential septic tanks in fill areas have had high failure rates.

The filled areas created by pumping dredge material over coastal wetlands
account for approximately 50% of the town's land area. These septic tank failures pose
a significant threat to adjacent estuarine waters. In addition to the fill areas, the older
central portions of Atlantic Beach were developed with very high density and undersized
septic systems with little or no room for repair or renovation.

The seriousness of the town's sewage disposal problem is summarized by the
following excerpt from the Environmental Impact Statement, Town of Atlantic Beach
Wastewater Treatment and Disposal.

"Septic tank systems located in low-lying areas with high water tables such as
those areas immediately east and west of the Atlantic Beach Causeway in the
center of Atlantic Beach represent a severe threat to water quality. Development
Town of Atlantic Beach 112 Core Land Use Plan
in these areas has been constructed along man-made "finger canals." These areas
were once marsh areas that were dredged and filled by man in order to create
prime waterfront property. The technique of excavating the finger canals and
placing the spoil material on top of the adjacent marsh has resulted in creating an
environment unsuitable for septic tank systems. The compressed layer of organic
"muck" and high groundwater conditions typical of these type developments have
led to serious water quality problems in adjacent waterways. An EPA study (Waste
Source and Water Quality Studies - Surf City, NC and Vicinity) of similar
developments documented that during periods of rainfall septic tank leachate
arises out of the ground and runs overland to the adjacent waterways. Dissolved
oxygen problems were documented in the same study from the combination of
organic loading and poor "flushing" qualities of the finger canals. More
importantly, coliform bacteria problems were documented to have resulted in the
closure of numerous acres of adjacent shellfishing waters. The waters adjacent
to residential developments in Atlantic Beach have been closed to shellfishing.
The existing septic tanks adjacent to these waters are very likely contributors to
the closures."

Approximately 50% of the Town’s residences are provided sewage treatment by a
privately-operated sewage treatment plant, or “package” plants. Almost all of these
units were located in condominium projects. Although these systems tend to operate
better and are more closely regulated than smaller septic tanks used by one or two
families, many of these private systems have experienced failures. The failures have
resulted in odor and raw sewage overflow problems, especially during periods where the
ground has been saturated and the water table high. Table 36 provides a list of package
plants in the Town.

Table 36. Town of Atlantic Beach
Package Treatment Plants, 2005

Treatment Plant Location
Tar Landing Condominiums
Southwinds Condominiums
A Place at the Beach Condominiums
Seaspray Condominiums
Sands Villa Condominiums
8½ Marina Condominiums
Peppertree Resort
Sugar Loaf
Dunescape Villas
Island Beach & Racquet Club

Source: Town of Atlantic Beach Planning and Inspections Department.
Town of Atlantic Beach 113 Core Land Use Plan
In 2001, Infrastructure Management Group, Inc. (IMG), of Bethesda, Maryland,
completed a privatization feasibility study for the development of a Town-wide sewerage
(wastewater collection and treatment) system to be operated by a private vendor. This
Plan looked at the economic and environmental feasibility of such a system and found it
to be feasible on both accounts.

IMG completed a Design/Build/Own Action Plan for a Wastewater System that
would have allowed them to assist the Town in taking proposals from private firms to
design, build, and operate a Town-wide wastewater collection and treatment facility in
the Town. The Town has opted not to address installation of a central sewer system in
this manner. This will be discussed further in the Future Demands section of this plan.

8. Solid Waste Disposal

Residential refuse collection and recycling service is provided by Waste Industries,
a private contractor. Collection is provided once per week from November through
March. Twice per week service is provided from April through October. Businesses are
required to contract individually with private waste collectors. Condominium
developments and mobile home parks have the option of utilizing bulk containers. Once
per week pick-up service is provided year-round for glass, steel, aluminum, paper, and
plastic recyclables. Participation in the recycling program is voluntary.

Beginning in 1994, a regional landfill at Tuscarora, west of New Bern in Craven
County, operated cooperatively by Carteret, Craven, and Pamlico counties through the
Coastal Regional Solid Waste Management Authority (CRSWMA) replaced the Carteret
County landfill in Newport. Waste disposal costs increased considerably upon opening of
the Tuscarora facility. The Town must pay CRSWMA $34.00 a ton for waste disposal at the
Tuscarora facility, and is $13.50 a month for residential customers.

CRSWMA also operates a transfer station at the site of the old Carteret County
landfill in Newport for household hazardous waste, such as paint, used oil, and auto
batteries.

9. Schools

Atlantic Beach is served by the Carteret County School System. Kindergarten
through third grade students attend Morehead City Primary School. Grades 4 and 5 attend
Morehead City Elementary School at Camp Glen and Grades 6 through 8 attend Morehead
City Middle School. All three of these schools are located in Morehead City, roughly two
miles from Atlantic Beach.
Town of Atlantic Beach 114 Core Land Use Plan
High school students (Grades 9 through 12) attend West Carteret High School,
approximately five miles away in Morehead City. Table 37 provides detailed information
on the schools serving Atlantic Beach.

Table 37. Carteret County Public Schools Serving the Town of Atlantic Beach, 2005

Facility Enrollment Staff/Teachers
Morehead City Primary School (K-3) 681 120
Morehead City Elementary School
at Camp Glen (4-5)
361 45
Morehead City Middle School (6-8) 582 66
West Carteret High School (9-12) 1,198 134

Source: Carteret County Public School System.

Due to the construction of the new Morehead City Primary School in 1994, all
above listed schools are well under capacity for the planning time frame (i.e., through
2010 to 2012).

Cape Lookout High School (Grades 9-12) in Morehead City and the Tiller School
(Grades 1-6) in the Beaufort area are charter public schools and thus attract students
from across Carteret County, including the Town of Atlantic Beach. Adult secondary
education, including General Equivalency Degrees (GED) for adult students can be
obtained from Carteret Community College.

According to the 2000 U.S. Census, there were approximately 140 children of
school age (ages 5 to 18) in Atlantic Beach in the year 2000.

There are also a number of private schools in nearby communities, including
Beaufort Christian Academy (Baptist, Beaufort), Carteret Academy (Non-Denominational
Christian, Morehead City), St. Egbert Elementary (Roman Catholic, Morehead City), and
Gramercy Christian School (Non-Denominational Christian, Newport).

Beyond the secondary school level, there are three community colleges located
in reasonably close proximity to Atlantic Beach -- Carteret Community College in
Morehead City, Coastal Carolina Community College in Jacksonville, and Craven
Community College in New Bern.

10. Recreation

The Town does not own any non-shoreline related recreational sites. The Town
owns and maintains three regional shoreline access sites available to Town residents; one
at NC Highway 58 at New Bern Avenue which has 50 parking spaces, restrooms and
Town of Atlantic Beach 115 Core Land Use Plan
showers and two more at West Drive at Central Boulevard and at West Drive at Atlantic
Boulevard. These latter facilities have ample parking (303 and 64 spaces respectively)
and shower/bathroom facilities. The remaining 11 local public shoreline access sites are
unimproved and lack dedicated parking facilities. A map of these sites is available from
the DCM website at http://www.nccoastalmanagement.net.

Other recreational opportunities include one privately-owned fishing pier,
numerous privately-owned boat ramps, tennis courts and swimming pools, and the Fort
Macon State Park located east of Atlantic Beach. Atlantic Beach does not employ any
recreation personnel, except for lifeguards during the summer season.

Many residents of the Town use recreational facilities in and near Morehead City,
particularly Shevans Park (owned and operated by Carteret County), which is a 2-acre
neighborhood park with tennis courts and a playground, Swinson Park (also owned by the
County), a 34-acre regional park with adult and youth ballfields, tennis courts, basketball
courts, picnic shelters, playgrounds and related facilities, and Rotary Park, a 15-acre park
featuring soccer and basketball facilities owned by Morehead City.

A 1999 study conducted by the Town with the assistance of East Carolina University
found that a large majority of Town citizens do not favor public spending on additional
recreation facilities (refer to Appendix A of the Town of Atlantic Beach Public Access -
Preliminary Recreation Assessment).

11. Electric Service

The majority of Atlantic Beach is provided electrical service by Progress Energy
Carolinas (formerly Carolina Power and Light). A small area in the west end of Atlantic
Beach is provided service by the Carteret-Craven EMC. The town has never experienced
any significant power shortage problems or "brown-outs," except following major
hurricanes/windstorms due to equipment damage.

12. Telephone Service

Local telephone service is provided by Embarq. The town has not experienced any
significant problems with telephone service availability.

13. Internet Service

High-speed internet service is available through Time Warner Cable, Sprint, Inc.,
DSL service, or through satellite internet service provided by numerous providers,
including Earthlink.
Town of Atlantic Beach 116 Core Land Use Plan
14. Cellular Telephone / Paging Service

Cellular telephone and paging services are available town-wide from a number of
service providers with offices in Morehead City and/or Beaufort, including Alltel, Sprint,
AT & T Wireless, Nextel, US Cellular, and SunCom.

15. Cable Television

Cable television service is provided by Time Warner Cable, with offices in
Newport. Satellite television is available through DirectTV and other service providers.

16. Stormwater Management/Drainage

a. Introduction

Stormwater discharges are generated by run-off from land and impervious
areas such as paved streets, parking lots, and building rooftops during rainfall and
snow events. They often contain pollutants in quantities that can adversely affect
water quality and create flooding problems. When roads, parking lots, sidewalks,
homes, and offices replace the natural and permeable landscape, rainfall that
would once soak into vegetated ground is now available for storm water runoff.
As surfaces become more and more impermeable, water simply moves across
them. These impermeable surfaces connect to form a stormwater super highway.
One of the effects of this water super highway is that more and more stormwater
reaches streams because there is less opportunity for it to infiltrate the ground.
Peak flows also increase, transporting runoff from large areas rapidly. Velocities
in streams increase causing more erosion potential, and lastly, base flow is lower
during dry weather because of a lack of infiltration. Using a traditional analysis,
such as the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) stormwater model, TR
55, or the United States Corps of Engineers’ (USCE) many versions of HEC, it can
be shown that peak flows alone can increase by as much as four times from pre-
post development conditions. Flooding is the result of this urbanization.

b. Erosion and Sedimentation

Erosion and sedimentation have long been recognized as water quality
concerns. The North Carolina legislature passed laws to curb sedimentation in
1973; however, sedimentation remains the number one pollutant in NC waters.
In the 1990s, the focus of the Piedmont and Eastern NC watersheds turned towards
excess nutrients in surface waters. The excess was due to extensive farming
operations in the area. Fertilizers contain nutrients for plants to grow, but if
excess fertilizer is inadvertently applied to pavement, these nutrients enter the
Town of Atlantic Beach 117 Core Land Use Plan
waters during runoff periods causing harm to water quality. Even proper amounts
of applied fertilizer can allow nutrients to enter streams in other ways, such as
atmospheric deposition, wildlife and pet waste, and septic system malfunctions.

There are numerous ways to reduce pollutant loading. Proper application
of fertilizer and proper maintenance of septic systems can reduce loading.
Structural devices can also help curb this problem. These structural devices,
known as Best Management Practices (BMPs), can be constructed to treat runoff,
thereby reducing the amount of pollutant that enters the waterways. These BMPs
include wet ponds, stormwater wetlands, infiltration trenches, wells, sand filters,
bioretention rain gardens, rubble spreaders, riparian buffers, and reinforcing
grassy swells.

c. EPA Regulations

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has begun implementation of
Phase II of the Stormwater Management Plan. These policies apply to
municipalities with populations greater than 10,000 and/or with densities of 1,000
per square mile. For municipalities that meet these parameters, submittal of a
stormwater management plan is required. Phase II regulations also apply to
entities designated under the 1990 census as a Small MS4 (Small Municipal
Separate Storm Sewer System). MS4's are defined as a publicly-owned conveyance
or system of conveyances designed or used for collecting and conveying
stormwater. MS4's are not combined with sewer and are not part of a publicly-
owned treatment facility. Municipally-owned MS4's can include counties, towns,
airports, federal properties, hospitals, schools, etc. Small community MS4's are
regulated if they discharge into impaired or sensitive US waters. In addition,
counties classified as a Tier 4 or Tier 5 county are regulated. At this time, the
Town of Atlantic Beach is not required to meet the new EPA Phase II Stormwater
Management Program regulations, but expects to be required to meet all Phase
II requirements in the near future (i.e., 5 to 7 year planning period for this Plan).

The EPA has developed guidelines for implementing the Phase II
Stormwater Management Program. The stormwater pollution problem has two
main components: the increased volume and rate of runoff from impervious
surfaces and the concentration of pollutants in the runoff. Both components are
directly related to new developmental and urbanizing areas. Both components
also cause changes in the hydrology and water quality that result in a variety of
problems, such as habitat modification, increased flooding, decreased aquatic
biological diversity, and increased sedimentation and erosion. Effective
management of stormwater runoff offers a multitude of possible benefits.
Benefits include protection of wetlands and aquatic eco-systems, improved quality
Town of Atlantic Beach 118 Core Land Use Plan
of receding water bodies, conservation of water resources, protection of public
health through flood control, and improved operation and hydraulic characteristics
of streams receiving run-off; all of which can cause higher peak flow rates that
increase frequency and duration of bank full and sub-bank full flows. Increased
occurrences in downstream flooding can also be reduced by lowering base flood
levels, such as with traditional flood control methods that rely on the detention
of the peak flows. They are generally not targeted to the reduction of flooding
and in many cases have exacerbated the problems associated with changes in
hydrology and hydraulics. The EPA recommends an approach that integrates
control of stormwater peak flows and the protection of natural channels to sustain
physical and chemical properties of aquatic life.

The EPA has outlined six steps for the development of BMP’s for a
stormwater management plan. The six steps are as follows:

(1) Public Education and Outreach on Stormwater Impacts
(2) Public Involvement and Participation
(3) Elicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
(4) Construction Site and Stormwater Runoff Control
(5) Post-Construction Stormwater Management, and New Development
or Redevelopment
(6) Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal
Operations

d. Construction Activities

Stormwater runoff from construction activities can have a significant
impact on water quality, contributing sediment and other pollutants exposed at
construction sites. The NPDES Stormwater Program requires operators of both
large and small construction sites to obtain authorization to discharge stormwater
under a NPDES construction stormwater permit. In 1990, the Phase I Stormwater
Management Program regulations addressed large construction operations that
disturbed five (5) or more acres of land. The NPDES program also addresses small
construction activities – those that disturb less than five acres of land – which were
included in the Phase II final rule. Construction activities that disturb over one
acre of land are required to develop and implement a stormwater pollution
prevention plan specifically designed for the construction site. The development
implementations of the plan follow the basic phases listed below:

(1) Site Planning and Design Development Phase
(2) Assessment Phase
(3) Control Selection/Design Phase
Town of Atlantic Beach 119 Core Land Use Plan
(4) Certification/Verification/Approval Phase
(5) Implementation/Construction Phase
(6) Final Stabilization/Termination Phase

e. North Carolina Shoreline Buffering

In August 2000, the State of North Carolina developed a 30 foot buffering
rule for all new development in the 20 coastal counties governed by the Coastal
Area Management Act (CAMA). This rule applies to all navigable waters, excluding
the ocean, which has previously established setback requirements. The
development of this buffer does not restrict the construction of water dependent
structures, such as docks and boat ramps. The benefits of the buffering include
the following:

(1) Flood Control – by reducing the velocity and providing a collection
area for stormwater runoff and precipitation. Buffers encourage
water infiltration into the ground, rather than flooding low-lying
areas.
(2) Groundwater Recharge – buffers are also beneficial to recharging
the ground water supply and promoting ground water flow.
(3) Soil Erosion Prevention – vegetated buffers stabilize the soil and
reduce sedimentation.
(4) Conservation of Coastal Riparian Wildlife Habitats – these natural
areas provide breeding, nesting, and habitat, and protect wildlife
from predication. Vegetated buffers help increase the diversity of
wildlife while providing site for foraging and corridors for dispersal.

f. Stormwater Management/Drainage as Related to Atlantic Beach

Atlantic Beach experiences drainage problems throughout the town. These
problems all result from low elevation and depressed areas that do not have any
natural drainage. A particularly serious problem exists at the Wilson Avenue/East
Terminal Boulevard intersection. However, the town has taken mitigative action
to substantially reduce the problem. The Town has attempted to address this
problem through the installation of 11 stormwater pumps to quickly remove
standing water from closed drainage basins. These pumps remove water from
developed residential and commercial areas to between the first and secondary
dune lines where it can be filtered and safely discharged to the sea or to Bogue
Sound.
Town of Atlantic Beach 120 Core Land Use Plan
It should be noted, however, that the Town has very limited options in
effectively dealing with stormwater management/drainage concerns, due to the
generally high water table and the extremely limited amount of available land on
which to detain or retain stormwater runoff.

The above-referenced stormwater pumps, while somewhat effective in
reducing stormwater-related flooding and standing water, contribute to elevated
fecal coliform levels in Bogue Sound that contribute to the closure of shellfish
beds. Stormwater runoff quantity is increased and water quality decreased by
landscaping practices that focus on sod and non-native vegetation, rather than
xeriscaping and use of local vegetation.

The installation of a sanitary sewer system town-wide would allow the
Town to install ditches/swales along major roadways to help capture and filter
stormwater and undertake other stormwater management BMPs. Under current
conditions, this practice has the effect of interfering (either directly or through
removing repair areas) with existing septic systems in the vast majority of areas
of the Town (i.e., those areas without package wastewater treatment systems).

Flooding is most serious during strong summertime conventional storms.
Because of the porous soils, the standing water normally seeps into the ground in
several hours. The town does not have a master drainage plan.

Stormwater runoff into the estuarine canals located within the town adds
to the pollution from malfunctioning septic tanks. Many of the canals have little
or no "flushing" action. Therefore, pollution is allowed to accumulate without any
regular cleansing.

Map 18 depicts areas of particular drainage/stormwater management
concerns.

MAP 18

Town of Atlantic Beach
Land Use Plan
Areas of Stormwater Concern
Legend
Corporate Limits
Areas of Stormwater Concern
Hydrology

Page 121
A T L A N T I C O C E A N Mobile Dr Dogwood St Shore Dr Bayview Blvd Ocean Blvd
Town of Atlantic Beach 122 Core Land Use Plan
E. CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES, AND REGULATIONS

The Town of Atlantic Beach has a strong and active planning program. The town employs
a full-time planning director, an inspections director, and an administrative assistant. A
variety of local codes and ordinances have been adopted to regulate land use. These
controls are managed by the Planning staff and legislated by the Town Council with the
advice and support of the Planning Board.

The Town technically has an extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ) which extends one mile in
to the Atlantic Ocean and one mile in to Bogue Sound. The ETJ in the Bogue Sound is
coterminous with the Morehead City ETJ. The Bogue Sound ETJ is zoned RS-Recreational
Sound, while the ocean ETJ area has the same zoning as the zoning of the adjacent land
area. Policies listed below are also applicable in this ETJ area unless otherwise noted.

The following provides a description of each of the town's land use-related codes,
ordinances, and planning documents:

1. Review of the 1993 Atlantic Beach CAMA Land Use Plan Update

Atlantic Beach's existing land use plan was certified by the Coastal Resources
Commission on May 27, 1994. Policies from that plan are included on the following pages
and are organized based on their status of completion as “Accomplished/Ongoing” or “Not
Accomplished.” The list is a verbatim reproduction of the text from the 1993 Town of
Atlantic Beach Land Use Plan Update. As such, there may be duplications in the text.
Some of the statements may be inconsistent with current circumstances and
requirements. However, they were not changed in order to accurately reflect the
contents of the 1993 plan.

ACCOMPLISHED/ONGOING

Resource Protection Policy Statements

Soils: The following soils policies will be enforced to mitigate septic tank problems and
improve problems associated with poor soil conditions.

■ It is town policy that soils are a limitation to development under the following
situations: (1) if the lot to be developed is within 150 feet of estuarine waters;
(2) if the soils on the lot, as mapped by the Soil Conservation Service, are rated
as severe or very severe for septic systems use; or (3) if the waste treatment
system to be used in connection with the development is to be a septic system or
ground disposal system.
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The town supports a public sewer system for the entire town; however, until such
a system is constructed, the town intends to limit development and protect the
estuarine resources of the town through limitations on development in the
estuarine shoreline area. It is town policy to require large lot sizes for future
development, to require maximum practical distance between septic systems and
estuarine waters, and to limit the clearing of vegetation. The town supports the
current policies of the Coastal Resources Commission as regards development in
this area of environmental concern (AEC). The town supports the enforcement of
county health regulations.

The town will revise its zoning ordinance and subdivision regulations to implement
this policy while designing and constructing a town-wide sewage collection and
treatment system as soon as may be practical.

■ Atlantic Beach acknowledges and endorses the 404 wetlands permit process as
defined by the Corps of Engineers' 1987 Manual for Wetlands Identification.

■ Enforce current regulations of the N.C. State Building Code and support Carteret
County Health Department in matters relating to septic tank installation/
replacement in areas with soils restrictions.

Flood Hazard Areas:

■ The town supports programs designed to foster development and building
practices that will minimize flood damage from storms and erosion. The town
supports the Federal Flood Insurance Program.

■ Atlantic Beach will continue to enforce its existing zoning and flood damage
prevention ordinances and follow the storm hazard mitigation plan. (See Storm
Hazard Mitigation, Post-Disaster Recovery, and Evacuation Plans.)

■ Atlantic Beach will continue to support and implement the community rating
system which allows for reduced flood insurance rates.

Groundwater/Protection of Potable Water Supplies:

■ Atlantic Beach will conserve its surficial groundwater resources by supporting
CAMA and N.C. Division of Environmental Management stormwater runoff
regulations, and by coordinating local development activities involving chemical
storage or underground storage tank installation/abandonment with Carteret
County Emergency Management personnel and the Groundwater Section of the
N.C. Division of Environmental Management.
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■ Atlantic Beach supports a regional multi-jurisdictional study of the limestone
aquifer underlying Carteret County. Such a study would aid in determining the
optimum locations for wells and the long-term viability of the town's water supply.
The issue of salt water intrusion should be addressed by the study.

■ Atlantic Beach will encourage and support water conservation efforts. This will
include limiting the maximum output of each town well to a rate which will ensure
that the town's water conservation policies will be met. Motels and rental units
will be encouraged to post notices encouraging water conservation by tourists.
The town will also encourage the use of water conservation devices for all
residential and commercial users.

■ Atlantic Beach will support efforts by Carteret County to ensure that aquifer
recharge areas are adequately protected.

■ The town's water supply is derived from six wells that draw from a deep aquifer.
The aquifer is recharged on the mainland, therefore, little or no danger of
pollution of the water supply from surface development exists. However, the
town recognizes the potential for well contamination from salt water intrusion due
to overpumping of individual wells and will continue to take measures to avoid
such consequences. The town supports state and federal groundwater research,
monitoring, and management programs.

■ The town will investigate a new water rate structure that will further encourage
water conservation.

Stormwater Runoff:

■ Atlantic Beach recognizes the value of water quality maintenance to the
protection of fragile areas and to the provision of clean water for recreational
purposes. The town will support existing state regulations relating to stormwater
runoff resulting from development (Stormwater Disposal Policy 15 NCAC
2H.001-.1003).

■ In Atlantic Beach, no storm drains or drainage ditches shall be constructed which
discharge directly into estuarine waters, or public trust waters. Some form of
water retention area or settling basin must be provided. The town will encourage
the use of "best management practices" to minimize the rapid release of pollutants
to coastal waters through stormwater runoff. Examples of these practices include
using pervious or semi-pervious materials, such as turf stone or gravel for
driveways and walks; retaining natural vegetation along marsh and waterfront
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areas to retain its natural filtering properties; and allowing stormwater to
percolate into the ground, rather than discharging it directly to coastal waters.

■ Atlantic Beach will investigate the development of a town-wide stormwater
control ordinance. The town will be consistent with state regulations in exercising
the ordinance.

Man-made Hazards:

■ Atlantic Beach supports the technical requirements and state program approval
for underground storage tanks (Chapter 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations,
Parts 280 and 281), and any subsequent state regulations concerning underground
storage tanks adopted during the planning period.

■ With the exception of bulk fuel storage tanks used for retail sales, individual
heating fuel storage tanks, and publicly owned fuel storage tanks, Atlantic Beach
opposes the bulk storage of man-made hazardous materials within its jurisdiction.
The Atlantic Beach zoning ordinance prohibits above ground fuel storage tanks in
all zones except for three retail zoning districts. In addition, fuel storage is
regulated by Chapter 8, Article 8-18, of the town's fire prevention ordinance.

■ Atlantic Beach is opposed to the establishment of toxic waste dump sites within
Carteret County.

■ Atlantic Beach supports the Carteret County policy of opposing any low level
military training flights that are not in compliance with the minimum safe
altitudes for aircraft operation as described in the Federal Aviation Regulations,
Part 91. It is understood that the county does not have any authority to regulate
the area or elevation of military flights.

Solid Waste:

■ Atlantic Beach supports Carteret County's participation in a regional multi-county
approach to solid waste management.

■ Atlantic Beach will cooperate with any efforts to educate people and businesses
on waste reduction and recycling. The town vigorously supports recycling and
supports setting up practical collection methods and education efforts to achieve
a high degree of county-wide recycling.
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Cultural/Historical Resources: There do not appear to be any nationally significant
historic or archaeological sites within Atlantic Beach. However, in order to protect any
discovered sites, especially in the area of the Fort Macon State Park, Atlantic Beach will:

■ Notify Archives & History prior to the town's undertaking any development in
previously undisturbed sites.

■ The Town of Atlantic Beach will investigate the historical significance of fishing,
whaling, pirates, and the development of the shag dance to determine what, if
any, actions should be taken to preserve/highlight the significance of these
activities to the town.

Miscellaneous Resource Protection

Package Treatment Plant Use: The Town of Atlantic Beach will support the construction
of package treatment plants that are approved and permitted by the State Division of
Environmental Management and by the Carteret County Health Department/Division of
Health Services. If any package plants are approved, Atlantic Beach supports requirement
of a specific contingency plan specifying how ongoing private operation and maintenance
of the plant will be provided, and detailing provisions for public assumption of the plant
should the private operation fail. Additionally, it is the town's policy that existing
package treatment plants continue to operate but must be tied into the municipal sewage
treatment system upon its completion.

Marina and Floating Home Development:

■ Atlantic Beach considers boating activities an extremely important part of its
tourist industry and overall economy. Subject to the policies stated herein, the
town does not oppose the construction of both open water and upland marinas.

■ The Town of Atlantic Beach supports the development of additional commercial
open water and upland marinas within its jurisdiction in accordance with the
conditions and restrictions of local ordinances including the construction of marina
facilities designed and operated for the residents of a private residential
development.

■ The construction of all marinas, docks and piers shall minimize or eliminate
adverse effects on coastal wetlands and subaquatic vegetation and comply with
15A NCAC 7H minimum use standards.

■ Atlantic Beach will allow construction of dry stack storage facilities for boats
associated either with or independent of marinas. All applicable zoning,
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subdivision, and other regulations must be satisfied. Water access to dry stack
storage facilities should not disturb active shellfishing areas or subaquatic
vegetation.

Development of Sound and Estuarine Islands: The town's policy is that sound and
estuarine islands should not be developed, and therefore are classified as Conservation
by the Land Classification Map, except Money Island which is zoned RSW.

Ocean Hazard Areas:

■ Atlantic Beach will support only uses within the ocean hazard areas which are
allowed by 15A NCAC 7H and are consistent with the town's zoning and land
protection ordinances.

■ Atlantic Beach supports the deposit of dredge spoil by the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers on the beach and relocation as the preferred erosion control measures
for ocean hazard areas.

■ The town finds that the frontal and secondary dunes are important to the town;
they protect development from storm damage and wind erosion; they are
aesthetically pleasing and are attractive to future development. It is town policy
to protect the secondary dunes and other components of the dune system while
allowing development of these areas. The town will encourage future developers
to use planned unit development in these areas. This type development should
be designed to shift the heaviest portion of development to areas that are less
fragile or sensitive, hence conserving those areas that are more fragile. At the
same time, site development can ultimately contain the same or sometimes more
units than are allowed under conventional districts of the zoning ordinance. It is
town policy to require large lot sizes in these areas and to limit the amount of cut
and fill and the clearing of the vegetation.

■ The town supports state requirements pertaining to shoreline stabilization in
ocean hazard areas.

■ Atlantic Beach will support the limited adjustment of the CAMA setback line in
association with ongoing deposit of sand from dredge spoil projects and the
establishment of new permanent dune and vegetation lines. However, it is
understood that this policy will not impact permit decisions regarding CAMA
setback line in ocean hazard areas unless the Coastal Resources Commission
modifies the State use standards for this AEC.
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Inlet Hazard Areas: There are no inlet hazard areas within Atlantic Beach's planning
jurisdiction. In event of blow-out, inlets may be filled or returned to original condition.

Bulkhead Construction: Except for ocean hazard areas, Atlantic Beach does not oppose
bulkhead construction within its jurisdiction as long as construction fulfills the use
standards set forth in 15A NCAC 7H. The town is opposed to bulkhead construction in
ocean hazard areas.

Sea Level Rise: Atlantic Beach recognizes the uncertainties associated with sea level rise.
Although the rate of rise is difficult to predict, the town will implement the following
policies:

■ Atlantic Beach will cooperate with county, state, and federal efforts to inform the
public of the anticipated effects of sea level rise.

■ Atlantic Beach will continuously monitor available information on sea level rise
and revise as necessary all local building and land use related ordinances to
establish setback standards, long-term land use plans, density controls, buffer
vegetation protection requirements, and building designs which will facilitate the
movement of structures.

■ Atlantic Beach will allow the construction of bulkheads which satisfy 15A NCAC 7H
in all areas to protect structures and property from rising sea level.

Maritime Forests:

■ The maritime forest is an important natural resource to the town. The maritime
forest and shrub thicket maintain the stability of the land in the face of wind and
water erosion. The forest and shrub thicket are important to the attractiveness
of the town and the island. It is town policy to protect as much of this resource
as possible while allowing for a moderate amount of development which would not
be destructive to the uniqueness of this resource. The town will encourage future
developers to use planned unit development in and around these maritime forest
areas. It is the goal of this policy to shift development from wooded areas to the
periphery or cleared areas without interfering with developers' expectations
concerning the number of dwelling units or commercial structure or the amount
of commercial building space they will realize from a tract or parcel. It is town
policy to require large lot sizes in these areas and to limit the amount of clearing
of vegetation to only so much as is necessary to site a home and provide access.
Further, it is the town's policy that the overall benefits resulting from public
improvement projects of town-wide significance may outweigh the desire to
preserve as much maritime forest as possible. For example, the clearing of
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maritime forest to construct a wastewater treatment plant designed to serve the
entire town would be justified because of the overriding benefits that would
accrue to the public at large.

■ Atlantic Beach will consider the adoption of a tree removal ordinance to regulate
the cutting of trees.

Resource Production and Management Policies

Recreation Resources:

■ All lands classified as conservation, except estuarine shoreline areas, are
considered valuable passive recreation areas. Development will be allowed which
is consistent with the policies contained in this plan, town codes and ordinances,
and the 15A NCAC 7H use standards.

■ Atlantic Beach supports the development of additional estuarine and ocean
shoreline access areas to ensure adequate shoreline access within all areas of the
town. The town will cooperate with municipalities and state and federal agencies
to secure such access. Areas that have traditionally been used by the public will
be given special attention.

■ Atlantic Beach will support the development of non-shoreline access general use
year-round recreational facilities.

Productive Agricultural Lands: There are no productive agricultural lands found in
Atlantic Beach; therefore, no policy statement is necessary.

Productive Forest Lands: Commercial forestry is not currently a significant use within the
town. A modest amount of land in and near the town is wooded, most of this in maritime
forest or shrub thicket. The commercial harvesting of these areas is unrealistic. The
town views its forested areas as a resource that needs protection and not a resource that
should be subject to harvest.

Aquaculture Activities: Aquaculture is considered the cultivation of aquatic plants and
animals under controlled conditions. The following policy shall apply:

■ Atlantic Beach will encourage all aquaculture activities which meet applicable
federal, state and local policies, and will carefully evaluate all requests for
approval of aquaculture activities.
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■ Atlantic Beach objects to any discharge of water from aquaculture activities that
will degrade in any way the receiving waters. The town objects to withdrawing
water from aquifers or surface sources if such withdrawal will endanger water
quality or water supply from the aquifers or surface sources.

■ Atlantic Beach will support only aquaculture activities which do not alter
significantly and negatively the natural environment of coastal wetlands, estuarine
waters, public trust areas, and 404 wetlands as shown on the Land Classification
Map.

Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Development Impacts on Resources:

■ Atlantic Beach has adopted an ordinance governing bulkheading along the
estuarine shoreline and the zoning ordinance limits lot coverage to 40%, thus 60%
of residential lots remain open.

■ Residential and commercial development which meets 15A NCAC 7H minimum use
standards, Atlantic Beach zoning requirements, and the policies contained in this
plan will be allowed in estuarine shoreline, estuarine water, and public trust
areas. Industrial development will not be allowed in estuarine shoreline,
estuarine water, and public trust areas. In other areas of the town, light
manufacturing activities which are permitted by the town's zoning ordinance will
be allowed within Atlantic Beach.

■ Atlantic Beach opposes the construction of any privately owned signs in the coastal
wetlands, estuarine waters, and public trust areas. Publicly owned instructional
signage will be permitted.

■ Atlantic Beach will vigorously enforce Article VIII of the town's zoning ordinance
which establishes stringent requirements for lot clearing.

■ Atlantic Beach will vigorously enforce Article X of the town's zoning ordinance
which establishes stringent requirements for the preservation and protection of
sand dunes and the vegetation thereon.

■ The town realizes the importance of coastal wetlands to the life cycle of plants
and animals, including sport and commercial fisheries. The town supports state
policies for the wetlands as stated in federal and state legislation and as embodied
in the regulations for coastal wetland areas of environmental concern. The town
will consider enactment of local measures designed to complement the state's
actions while preserving these areas from future development which may
irreparably damage this resource.
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■ In recognition of the importance of estuarine waters for fisheries and related
industries as well as aesthetics, recreation and education, Atlantic Beach shall
promote the conservation and quality of this resource in accordance with state
AEC regulations. Appropriate uses may include simple access channels, structures
which prevent erosion, navigation channels, boat docks, piers, and mooring
pilings. Atlantic Beach supports and is actively pursuing the construction of a
wastewater collection and treatment system in accordance with the bond
referendum passed in March, 1985.

■ Atlantic Beach supports state AEC regulations for public trust areas. Atlantic
Beach shall protect those established rights of the public in these areas by
promoting their conservation and management. In the absence of overriding
public benefit, any land use which significantly interferes with the public right of
navigation or other public trust rights which apply in the area shall not be allowed.
Projects which would directly or indirectly block or impair existing navigation
channels, increase shoreline erosion in non-ocean hazard areas, private deposition
of spoils below mean high tide, cause adverse water circulation patterns, violate
water quality standards, or cause degradation of shellfish waters shall, in general,
not be allowed. Uses that may be allowed in public trust areas shall not be
detrimental to the public trust rights and the biological and physical functions of
the estuary. Examples of such uses include the development of navigational
channels, the use of bulkheads to prevent erosion, or the building of piers or
docks.

Marine Resource Areas:

■ With the exception of the construction of signs and floating structures, and
stormwater runoff policies, Atlantic Beach supports the use standards for
estuarine waters and public trust areas as specified in 15A NCAC 7H.0208.

■ Atlantic Beach reserves the right to review and comment on policies and
requirements of the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries which govern
commercial and recreational fisheries and activities, including trawling activities.

Mineral Production Areas: The mining of the secondary dunes system, or any other dunes
or land within the town's planning jurisdiction, is considered an inappropriate use.

Off-Road Vehicles: Article II of the Beach and Shore Regulations of the Atlantic Beach
Town Code regulates vehicular traffic, off-road vehicles, in the beach area. Vehicular
traffic is prohibited between 12:01 a.m. on Friday before Easter Sunday and 12:00
midnight on the Wednesday following Labor Day. However, vehicles operated by
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commercial fishermen issued a valid state fishing license are exempt. The town will
continue to regulate off-road vehicles through enforcement of Article II of the Town Code.

Economic and Community Development Policy Statements

General: Although higher than average density development and/or redevelopment is
likely to occur in some areas of Atlantic Beach, it is the town's goal to achieve a lower
overall density through continued enforcement of its land use regulations. It is the town's
intention to use its available sewer capacity (once a community-wide sewer system is
obtained) and its zoning authority to control and limit future residential and commercial
density levels. It is the town's desire for residentially and commercially zoned areas to
remain primarily in 1992 locations. Intrusion of commercial development into
residentially zoned areas will not be permitted; however, residential uses infiltrating
commercial areas are allowed on a limited basis through the special use provisions of the
town zoning ordinance. No heavy industrial development will be allowed in Atlantic
Beach.

Water Supply: The Atlantic Beach water supply is adequate and does not present any
constraint to redevelopment/development which is permitted by the town's zoning
ordinance. Atlantic Beach has extended water service to all areas of the town including
the west end area. The addition of wells and storage tanks will be supported by the town
as necessary to ensure an adequate water supply. However, it shall be the town's policy
to promote water conservation by encouraging the use of residential and commercial
water saving devices and by making appropriate modifications to the existing water rate
structure.

Sewer System: Atlantic Beach supports the construction of a sewage disposal system and
a central sewer collection system to eliminate the town's sewage treatment problems.
This may be accomplished by the town acting independently of other jurisdictions or
through a regional effort.

Energy Facility Siting and Development:

■ There are no electric generating or other power generating plants located in or
proposed for location within Atlantic Beach' planning jurisdiction. The town will
not support the location of permanent energy generating facilities within its
planning jurisdiction.

■ The Town of Atlantic Beach opposes any offshore exploration for or production of
oil or natural gas.
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■ Atlantic Beach supports Carteret County's policy of reviewing proposals for
development of non-nuclear electric generating plants within Carteret County on
a case-by-case basis, judging the need for the facility by the county against all
identified possible adverse impacts. Atlantic Beach objects to all nuclear power
plant construction. Atlantic Beach reserves the right to comment on the impacts
of any energy facility proposed for location within Carteret County.

Redevelopment of Developed Areas:

■ It is town policy to promote, foster, and encourage the redevelopment of old,
poorly designed and underutilized areas. Redevelopment is preferred and deemed
more important than development of currently undeveloped areas. Many
developed areas are in poor condition with poor road design, lack of vegetation,
dilapidated housing, mixed uses, etc. The town will continue a program of strict
enforcement of the minimum code as a means to improve the quality of existing
development.

■ Atlantic Beach will take an active supervisory role in all future redevelopment
projects. All projects are required to consider the town's environmental policies
and to address the town's other public needs, especially its needs for a sound
street system and for public access to the beaches.

■ Atlantic Beach will allow the reconstruction of any structures demolished by
natural disaster or by other causes in accordance with all applicable federal, state
and local regulations.

■ Atlantic Beach supports adoption by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development of stricter standards for the construction of mobile homes which are
to be located in the coastal zone. Such standards should increase wind resistant
capabilities to a level consistent with that which is required for conventional site
built housing.

■ Atlantic Beach supports regular deposit of dredge spoil on the beach by the U. S.
Army Corps of Engineers, and considers such projects essential to the continuing
redevelopment process within the town.

■ Atlantic Beach will consider, on a case-by-case basis, the expenditure of local
funds to acquire unbuildable lots in hazardous areas. Donations of such lots will
be accepted.
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Estuarine Access: Atlantic Beach supports the state's shoreline access policies as set forth
in 15A NCAC, Subchapter 7M. The town will conform to CAMA and other state and federal
environmental regulations affecting the development of estuarine access areas.

Types and Locations of Desired Industry: Industrial development will not be allowed in
estuarine shoreline, estuarine water, and public trust areas. In other areas of town, light
manufacturing activities which are permitted by the town's zoning ordinance will be
allowed.

Community Facilities: Atlantic Beach will support the development of the following
community facilities:

■ New municipal administration building/police department/fire station complex as
circumstances dictate.
■ Construction of a sewage collection and treatment system.
■ Expansion of the town's water system to include supply wells and storage tanks.
■ Stormwater drainage facilities.
■ Construction of additional shoreline access facilities.
■ State and local transportation facilities, including roads.
■ Construction of general use year-round recreational facilities.
■ Extension of electrical utilities.

Commitment to State and Federal Programs: Atlantic Beach is receptive to state and
federal programs, particularly those which provide improvements to the town. The town
will continue to support fully such programs, especially the following: North Carolina
Department of Transportation road and bridge improvement programs, environmental
protection, tourism, planning, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers regulatory and permitting
efforts, dredging and channel maintenance by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the North
Carolina shoreline access grant program, flood insurance, and federal and state projects
which provide efficient and safe boat access for commercial and sport fishing.

Assistance in Channel Maintenance: The town encourages private participation in the
vegetation of beach areas. The town encourages the deposit of dredge spoil on the beach
by the Corps of Engineers. The town further states its desire that the Corps of Engineers
maintain all navigation channels coming into Atlantic Beach proper.

Tourism:

■ Atlantic Beach will support North Carolina Department of Transportation projects
to improve access to and within Carteret County and Atlantic Beach.
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■ Atlantic Beach will support projects that will increase public access to shoreline
areas.

■ Atlantic Beach will continue to support the activities of the North Carolina Division
of Travel and Tourism; specifically, the monitoring of tourism-related industry,
efforts to promote tourism-related commercial activity, and efforts to enhance
and provide shoreline resources.

■ Atlantic Beach will continue to support the activities of the Carteret County
Tourism Development Bureau.

■ The town's development priorities and goals of environmental and resource
protection clearly state its strong desire to encourage and promote tourism. This
policy is implemented through the network of other policies contained in this plan.

Transportation:

■ Atlantic Beach supports the development and adoption of a county-wide
thoroughfare plan.

■ Atlantic Beach supports the construction of a third bridge between Bogue Banks
and the mainland.

■ Atlantic Beach will work with the North Carolina Department of Transportation to
ensure that all road hazards are clearly marked or corrected. The town will
identify and report hazards to the NCDOT.

■ Atlantic Beach supports the widening of U.S. 58 to provide four lanes.

■ Atlantic Beach supports the development of bike paths and pedestrian walks and
crossings within the town.

Development/Growth Objectives: Through enforcement of the policies contained in this
plan, and enforcement of local codes and ordinances, Atlantic Beach will endeavor to
accomplish the following growth objectives:

■ Support development of a central sewer collection and treatment system.
■ Protect maritime forest and dunes areas.
■ Reduce overall average residential density.
■ Redevelop deteriorated residential and commercial areas.
■ Maintain an adequate water supply.
■ Improve traffic flow, especially on N.C. 58.
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■ Continuing regular, periodic deposit of dredge spoil projects in conjunction with
the Corps of Engineers.

Land Use Trends: Atlantic Beach's land use trends have been identified in the previous
sections of this plan. However, they are summarized as follows:

■ Increasing traffic congestion.
■ Increasing pressure for a central sewer collection and treatment system.
■ Continuing development of maritime forest areas.
■ Increasing demand for services as the result of increasing peak population.
■ Continuing residential development at a moderate rate.
■ Limited commercial growth/development.

These land use trends should be monitored by the town and controlled through existing
local, state, and federal land use regulations including CAMA, "404" regulations, sanitary
regulations, and the town's subdivision and zoning ordinances and building inspection
program. This plan contains policies designed to deal with the identified land use trends.

NOT ACCOMPLISHED

Resource Protection Policy Statements

Solid Waste: Atlantic Beach will adopt ordinances with severe penalties for illegal
dumping.

Miscellaneous Resource Production

Marina and Floating Home Development:

■ The Town of Atlantic Beach supports revisions to the zoning ordinance or adoption
of a separate ordinance to prohibit floating homes and live-aboard boats.

■ Existing marinas, docks and piers may be reconstructed to their prior size so long
as all local ordinances and other applicable policies of this plan are satisfied and
met when reconstruction occurs.

Development of Sound and Estuarine Islands: The town's policy is that sound and
estuarine islands should not be developed, and therefore are classified as Conservation
by the Land Classification Map, except Money Island which is zoned RA-1.
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Resource Production and Management Policies

Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Development Impacts on Resources:

■ In addressing future rezoning applications for commercial housing, townhouse, or
multi-family housing, the town will consider, among other factors, the following:
(1) a preference to have commercial and other intense land uses that generate a
substantial amount of traffic and other off-site impacts develop as self-contained
areas having minimal ingress and egress to main traffic routes; (2) a preference
to have the uses described above locate with entrances and exits along streets and
roads that are perpendicular to the nearest main traffic route; and (3) a
preference to redevelop areas in poor condition.

2. Beach and Shoreline Regulations

These regulations are included in Chapter 5 of the Municipal Code. Usage of beach
and shoreline areas is regulated, including prohibition of glass containers and metal cans,
surfing, vehicular traffic, and issuance of permits for beach traffic.

3. Buildings and Building Regulations

Chapter 6 of the Municipal Code includes these regulations. The town has adopted
and enforces the North Carolina state building, plumbing, heating, electrical, and
residential codes. The chapter also establishes requirements for a uniform numbering
system for all buildings.

4. Planning and Development

Atlantic Beach's planning program is established by Chapter 18 of the Municipal
Code, with responsibility over enforcement of zoning and subdivision regulations
administered through the Planning and Inspections Department. The chapter establishes
both the Planning Board and Board of Adjustment. Responsibilities for both boards are
defined. In addition, the chapter establishes the following:

■ Implementation and enforcement program for minor (CAMA) development
permits.

■ Soil, erosion, and sedimentation control.

■ Group housing regulations, including controls for condominiums,
townhouses, and apartments.

■ Construction permits.
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5. Streets and Sidewalks

The use and maintenance of streets and sidewalks is regulated by Chapter 16 of
the Municipal Code. Damage to streets, bridges, lights, and signs is regulated and
prohibited. In addition, controls on the moving of buildings upon or across public streets
or sidewalks are provided.

6. Subdivision and Pre-Development Regulations

Chapter 18 of the Municipal Code provides the Town of Atlantic Beach subdivision
regulations. Specifically, the subdivision regulations require that:

■ Town services shall not be provided until a final subdivision plat is
approved;

■ No streets or utilities shall be accepted until a final subdivision plat is
approved;

■ No construction permits shall be issued until a final subdivision plat is
approved.

7. Zoning

The Atlantic Beach zoning ordinance is included in Chapter 18 of the Municipal
Code. The purposes of the zoning ordinance, as stated in Section 18.1.4. of the Unified
Development Ordinance (effective October 23, 2017), are as follows:

“The purpose of this Ordinance is to protect the public health, safety,
morals, and general welfare of the citizens and landowners of the Town of
Atlantic Beach, and to implement the policies and objectives of Town-
adopted plans addressing the Town’s growth and development.”

The zoning ordinance includes the following eleven zoning districts. Each parcel
of land in the Town is included in one of the following districts:

RSC – Residential Single-family Conservation – The RSC district is established to
accommodate one single-family detached dwelling per lot in a manner that protects
sensitive environmental features like existing trees, coastal habitat, and wetlands.

RSN – Residential Single-family Narrow yard – The RSN district is established to
accommodate single-family detached dwellings at densities of eight units an acre, along
with parks, open space, and customary accessory uses.

RSW – Residential Single-family Wide yard – The RSW district is established to
accommodate single-family detached dwellings at densities around seven units an acre,
along with parks, open space, and customary accessory uses.

Town of Atlantic Beach 139 Core Land Use Plan
RSM – Residential Single-family Manufactured – The RSM district is established to
accommodate single-family detached dwellings (including individual manufactured
homes on their own lots) at densities of eight units an acre, along with parks, open
space, minor utilities, and customary accessory uses.

RSD – Residential Single-family & Duplex – The RSD district is established to
accommodate a mix of single-family detached and duplex dwellings, along with parks,
open space, minor utilities, and customary accessory uses.

RMF – Residential Multi-Family – The RMF district is established to accommodate a
wide range of residential uses, including single-family detached, duplex, triplex, and
quadplex dwellings, along with parks, open space, institutions, minor utilities, and minor
visitor accommodations uses.

MUN – Mixed Use Neighborhood – The MUN district is established to accommodate
a blend of mixed uses at a neighborhood scale. The district accommodates most forms of
residential development, numerous institutional uses, and a wide range of commercial
uses.

MHI – Mixed use High Intensity – The MHI district is established to provide areas,
which, due to their location, natural features and access, have an extremely high
potential for both permanent and tourist types of residential development. Commercial
uses are permitted and shall be oriented to tourist related activities which reflect a
family atmosphere.

CIR – Commercial Circle – The CIR district is established to preserve and protect
the traditional core of the Town as the primary civic, business, and cultural destination
for visitors and residents. Vertically integrated mixed uses with retail and other street-
activating uses on the ground floor of buildings with residential and office uses on the
upper floors are appropriate in the CIR district.

CPY – Commercial Periphery – The CPY district is established to accommodate a diverse
range of high and medium intensity retail, service, and office uses in a coordinated
fashion that provides goods and services to both year-round residents and tourists. Upper
story residential is permitted but other forms of single-family or multi-family
development are prohibited.

COR – Commercial Corridor – The COR district is established to accommodate a diverse
range of commercial uses serving both residents and tourists.

8. NCDOT Transportation Improvement Program (TIP), Division 2, 2004-
2010

The TIP is developed on a yearly basis by the North Carolina Department of
Transportation (NCDOT) and contains funding information and six year schedules for
various transportation divisions including: highways, aviation, enhancements, public
transportation, rail, bicycle and pedestrians, and the Governor's Highway Safety Program.
The only TIP project in the Town of Atlantic Beach is a project to construct sidewalks
from Ocean Ridge Drive to the corporate limits under a NCDOT Enhancement Project.
Town of Atlantic Beach 140 Core Land Use Plan
This project is expected to begin construction in 2005 and cost approximately $120,000
(Project Number E-4734).

9. Crystal Coast Area Long-Range Transportation Plan

This document has been under development since 2001 and is still (March, 2005)
in final draft form. It is being developed by NCDOT to serve as a long term (i.e., through
2025) transportation and thoroughfare plan for Beaufort, Morehead City, Cape Carteret,
Cedar Point, Emerald Isle, Indian Beach, Pine Knoll Shores, and Atlantic Beach. The Plan
encourages traffic signal analysis/coordination, the construction/installation of pedestrian
and bicycle paths, and the widening or upgrading of 13 major thoroughfares, none of
which are in the Town. The Plan does, however, encourage widening of US Highway 70
at numerous locations between Raleigh and Atlantic Beach, thus improving access to the
Town.

10. Water Department Policies

In 1993, the Town created Section 21 and 22 of its Water Supply policy to establish
water tap fees and impact fees for homeowners and businesses wishing to tap into the
Town’s Potable Water Supply System. The intent of the tap fees was simply to cover the
cost of tap installation, up to 2" service connections (beyond that size the owner must pay
a contractor to install a tap). Fees range from $350 to $1,200 depending on tap size.

The intent of the impact fee is to maintain and upgrade its water system for fire
protection, supply and storage capacity, and to meet health and safety regulations
established by State and Federal agencies. Impact fees are over and above any other fees
required by the Town of Atlantic Beach for connection to the municipal water system, and
shall be required for all new or modified services.

11. Marina Ordinance

In 1978, the town adopted a marina ordinance. The ordinance defines marinas as
establishments providing storage for more than six boats, wet or dry facility. A site plan
is required which meets the ordinance requirements for minimum lot size, width, depth,
side yard, and rear yard. The site plan must be prepared by a registered engineer, and
include parking and storage areas, driveways, signs, lighting, pollution control, and dock
construction.

In 1988, this ordinance was incorporated into Article V of Chapter 6 of the Town’s
Code of Ordinances (Buildings and Building Regulations)
Town of Atlantic Beach 141 Core Land Use Plan
12. Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance and Community Rating System
(Repetitive Loss) Plan

In 1978, the town adopted the flood damage prevention ordinance in order to
comply with the National Flood Insurance Program. Specifically, the ordinance requires
the following:

■ All new residential construction or improvements greater than 50% of
structure's market value must be elevated to or above 100-year base flood
elevations.

■ Commercial buildings must be elevated above base flood elevations or
floodproofed.

■ Anchorings and pilings designs must be certified by a registered engineer
or architect, or must be in full compliance with the NC State Building
Code.

■ No alterations of frontal dunes or fill for structural support is allowed in "V"
or velocity zones except as may specifically be allowed under CAMA
regulations. (Source: 1988 Atlantic Beach Land Use Plan.)

The Town currently has a Community Rating System rating of eight which means
that it takes extra efforts to minimize the risk of flooding in the Town and which awards
its citizens approximately a ten percent reduction in their flood insurance premiums.

In 2001, the Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance was incorporated into Section 18-
102 (Zoning) of the Town’s Code of Ordinances, and is now administered through the
Planning and Inspections Department.

13. Mobile Homes and Mobile Home Park Ordinance

The Atlantic Beach mobile homes and mobile home park ordinance was adopted
in 1986. This ordinance regulates mobile home park development, mobile homes within
parks, and mobile homes placed on individual residential lots in subdivisions. Design
standards for mobile home parks are established and plans for mobile home parks are
required. The mobile home park plans must provide the following: site plan defining all
features, stormwater drainage plan, description of recreation areas, indication of water
supply, definition of sewage disposal method, and site development standards.

In 2001, the provisions of this ordinance were incorporated into Chapter 18
(Zoning) of the Town’s Code of Ordinances and is now administered through the Planning
and Inspections Department.
Town of Atlantic Beach 142 Core Land Use Plan
14. Recreational Vehicle Parks

A recreational vehicle parks ordinance was adopted in 1987. The ordinance
regulated parks intended to provide temporary dwelling spaces for travel trailers, motor
homes, tent campers, and truck-mounted camper. Standards for the following are
included: minimum park area, minimum lot area and width, minimum distance between
campers, driveway/parking standards, stormwater drainage, water supply, sewage
disposal, and solid waste disposal.

In 2001, the provisions of this ordinance were incorporated into Chapter 18
(Zoning) of the Town’s Code of Ordinances and is now administered through the Planning
and Inspections Department.

15. Carteret County Emergency Operations Plan for Multi-Hazards and
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)

In 1992, the Town of Atlantic Beach adopted the Carteret County SOP. This
manual provides standard operating procedures to be implemented in the event of a
hurricane or other natural disaster, in conjunction with the County, and the Towns of Pine
Knoll Shores, Indian Beach, and Emerald Isle. Procedures include: evacuation, operation
of the Carteret County emergency operations center, damage assessment, post-disaster
recovery, disaster assistance, temporary housing, tornadoes, winter storms,
transportation accidents/mass casualties, and plane crashes.

16. Erosion and Sediment Control Ordinance

The Erosion and Sedimentation Ordinance of Atlantic Beach was passed in 1985
with the main intent of regulating certain land disturbing activities in order to control the
accelerated erosion and sedimentation amounts that can damage the watercourses of the
area as well as damage public and private properties. The ordinance requires property
owners to apply for permits and submit plans for control of erosion and sedimentation for
specified land disturbing activities of ½ acre or greater. The ordinance has been
expanded somewhat to give the town limited enforcement over projects containing less
than ½ acre for properties along the waterways (Source: Town of Atlantic Beach Hazard
Mitigation Plan).

17. Dune Protection Ordinance

In 2001, the Town of Atlantic Beach passed a dune protection ordinance to
preserve the protective quality of the remaining dune structures within the town. The
regulations prohibit any damage or destruction to any dune within the town. Certain
reconstruction or relocation efforts are permitted to allow for the development of a lot;
Town of Atlantic Beach 143 Core Land Use Plan
however, the dune must retain its entire height and mass upon relocation (Source: Town
of Atlantic Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan).

18. Privatization Feasibility Study and Design/Build/Own Action Plan:
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities for the Town of Atlantic
Beach

In 2001, Infrastructure Management Group, Inc. (IMG), of Bethesda, Maryland,
completed a privatization feasibility study for the development of a Town-wide sewerage
(wastewater collection and treatment) system to be operated by a private vendor. This
Plan looked at the economic and environmental feasibility of such a system and found it
to be feasible on both accounts.

IMG is currently completing a Design/Build/Own Action Plan for a Wastewater
System that will allow them to assist the Town in taking proposals from private firms to
design, build, and operate a Town-wide wastewater collection and treatment facility in
the Town. Proposals could be solicited as early as 2006, but no final decisions on a
timeline have been made as of this date (March, 2005).

19. Town of Atlantic Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan

Developed by the Town Planning Director and adopted in January 2005, the Hazard
Mitigation Plan (HMP) identifies potential natural hazards that may affect the Town,
identifies the extent of the risk the Town faces from these hazards, and adopted goals,
policies and procedures to help minimize these risks over the long term.

This Plan was required by Federal and State laws adopted in the year 2000 that
require all local governments to have a hazard mitigation plan in place as a condition of
disaster recovery and hazard mitigation assistance after November 2004. The HMP has
been approved by the State and is under final review by FEMA as of this writing (March,
2005).

20. Public Access - Preliminary Recreation Assessment

In 1998, the Town was awarded a grant from the North Carolina Department of
Environmental and Natural Resources (DENR) to develop a preliminary assessment of
recreation needs and desires. This assessment was completed in 1999, and relied largely
on extensive surveys of the Town’s citizens and many public meetings. The primary
finding of the assessment was that a large majority of property owners in Town felt that
the Town’s ocean and beach accesses and boat ramps were adequate and they did not
want Town funds to be used for the construction of indoor or outdoor recreational
facilities.
Town of Atlantic Beach 144 Core Land Use Plan
21. Economic Analysis and Profile for Development Opportunities Within
the Circle Area

Developed in January 2002, by Town Planning staff, this analysis presented basic
information about current conditions in the “Circle Area,” including regulatory
restrictions, property values, tax receipts and expenditures, and opinions of nearby
homeowners, and presented several redevelopment options for the area. This analysis
presented much information useful for the subsequent development of the Circle
Development District Ordinance (see below).

22. Coastal Habitat Protection Plan (CHPP)

The North Carolina General Assembly passed the Fisheries Reform Act in 1997
which contained the directive to protect and enhance habitats supporting coastal
fisheries. In response to this directive, the Legislature directed the North Carolina
Division of Marine Fisheries to develop a plan that would help meet the aforementioned
legislative goal and to serve as the factual basis for possible regulations/guidelines/rules
to be adopted by the State’s fisheries’ regulatory bodies.

This plan was completed in draft form in December 2004. The over 600 page
document does the following:

1. Document the ecological role and function of aquatic habitats for coastal
fisheries.
2. Provide status and trends information on the quality and quantity of
coastal fish habitat.
3. Describe and document threats to coastal fish habitat, including threats
from both human activities and natural events.
4. Describe the current rules concerning each habitat.
5. Identify management needs.
6. Develop options for management action using the above information.

This document should be carefully reviewed and its impact on rule-making/
regulation closely monitored by the Town, because of its potentially broad impact on land
use in coastal areas.

23. Circle Development District Ordinance

In September 2004, the Town adopted the Circle Development District Ordinance
(CDDO), which was, according to the CDDO “designed to re-establish and preserve the
Circle area as the primary civic, retail, office, institutional, cultural and entertainment
center for the community.” Towards this goal, the CDDO allowed a dense mix of
development and land uses within the Circle Development District, with the intent of
providing a hub of activity that was walkable and that encouraged similar development
Town of Atlantic Beach 145 Core Land Use Plan
in adjacent areas, lessening the reliance on the automobile to access recreational and
commercial opportunities. Developer Fred Bunn, of Wilson, North Carolina, will soon
begin extensive construction in this area, pursuant to CDDO guidelines.

F. LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS

A thorough analysis of all impediments to development, as well as existing community
facilities, has been completed in Sections V(B), V(D), and V(E) of this Plan. These same
sections also analyzed factors that attract development, such as the presence of
transportation, water, and waste disposal capabilities. All of these variables factor into
suitability for development for a specific piece of property. In order to assess what affect
the various man-made and environmental constraints will have on development
throughout the Town of Atlantic Beach, an overlay analysis was performed. This overlay
analysis is a GIS-based process geared toward evaluating the suitability of land for
development. The procedure is very similar to the practice developed by Ian McHarg, the
Scottish urban designer, in which geospatial data layers are referenced to each other in
an effort to determine what portions of a land mass appear to be the most favorable sites
for a specific land use.

The overall process utilized Arcview GIS software with the Spatial Analyst extension along
with data layers provided by the North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and
Analysis (NCCGIA). The analysis takes into consideration a number of factors, including
natural systems constraints, compatibility with existing land uses and development
patterns, existing land use policies, and the availability of community facilities. The end
product of this analysis is a land suitability map that shows underutilized land that is
suited or not suited for development (see Map 19). This map can be used as a foundation
for the discussion and formation of town-wide land use policy and should be compared to
the future land use map (see Section VI(D)).

Land suitability analysis involves the application of criteria to the landscape to assess
where land is most and least suitable for development of structures and infrastructure.
A computer application is not essential for this analysis, but greatly simplifies the process.

There are eight key steps to completing the overlay analysis:

(1) Define criteria for the analysis
(2) Define data needed
(3) Determine what GIS analysis operations should be performed
(4) Prepare the data
(5) Create a model
(6) Run the model
(7) Analyze results
(8) Refine model as needed
Town of Atlantic Beach 146 Core Land Use Plan
All of these steps have been completed and, as noted above, the end product is displayed
on Map 19. There were no additions or adjustments to the default layer sets and
weighting factors provided by the Division of Coastal Management to the town for the
existing land suitability analysis map. Prior to producing the map, data was compiled and
each data layer in conjunction with criteria was assigned a weight. The town was then
divided into one-acre squares. Each of these one-acre squares of land was given a score
based on how that respective piece of property related to each data layer. The score for
each data layer was multiplied against that given layer’s weight. The scores for each
layer were added together to determine a suitability rating for that one-acre square of
property. The suitability rating falls into four primary categories: least suitable, low
suitability, medium suitability, and high suitability.

The following table summarizes all data layers used, including the criteria and weight
assigned to each layer.

Table 38: Land Suitability Analysis Criteria

Criteria and Rating

Layer Name Least
Suitable
Low
Suitability
Medium
Suitability
High
Suitability
Assigned
Weight
0 -2 1 +2
Coastal Wetlands Exclusion* Inside -- Outside --
Exceptional & Substantial
Non-Coastal Wetlands
Exclusion* Inside -- Outside --
Estuarine Waters Exclusion* Inside -- Outside --
Protected Lands Exclusion* Inside -- Outside --
Storm Surge Areas Weighted -- Inside -- Outside 2
Soils (Septic Limitations) Weighted -- Severe Moderate Slight 2
Flood Zones Weighted -- Inside -- Outside 2
HQW/ORW Watersheds Weighted -- Inside -- Outside 1
Natural Heritage Areas Weighted -- <500' -- >500' 1
Hazardous Substance Disposal
Sites
Weighted -- <500' -- >500' 1
NPDES Sites Weighted -- <500' -- >500' 1
Wastewater Treatment Plants Weighted -- <500' -- >500' 1
Discharge Points Weighted -- <500' -- >500' 1
Land Application Sites Weighted -- <500' -- >500' 1
Developed Land Weighted -- >1 mi .5 - 1 mi <.5 mi 1
Roads Weighted -- >1 mi .5 - 1 mi <.5 mi 2
Water Pipes Weighted -- >.5 mi .25 - .5 mi <.25 mi 3
Sewer Pipes Weighted -- >.5 mi .25 - .5 mi <.25 mi 3

*Data layers that are slated as exclusion have a suitability of 0 or 1, meaning that if a specific one-acre piece
of property falls within one of these areas, it is automatically considered least suitable for development.
Source: NCCGIA and CAMA.
Town of Atlantic Beach 147 Core Land Use Plan
Overall, land in the Town of Atlantic Beach is predominantly suitable for development.
Table 39 below provides a summary of land suitability acreage based on the results of the
overlay analysis. Currently undeveloped areas adjacent to or near Bogue Sound are
generally the least suitable areas for development, due to environmental constraints and
lack of infrastructure, while the remainder of the Town is primarily of medium or high
suitability for development.

Table 39: Town of Atlantic Beach and ETJ
Land Suitability Analysis, 2005

Acres % from TOTAL

Least 580 35.13%
Low 86 5.21%
Moderate 484 29.32%
High 501 30.35%
TOTAL 1,651* 100.00%
*Please note that road rights-of-way and water are included in this figure.
Source: NCCGIA and Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.

E Bogue Blvd
E Terminal Blvd

Tryon St

1 inch = 1,625 feet

Feet
Legend
Corporate Limits
Hydrology
0 1,125 2,250 4,500 6,750 9,000

MAP 19
Town of Atlantic Beach
Land Use Plan
Land Suitabi lity Analysis
Land Suitability Analysis
Least Suitable
Low Suitability
Moderate Suitability
High Suitability

Page 149
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A T L A N T I C O C E A N
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Town of Atlantic Beach 150 Core Land Use Plan
SECTION 6. PLAN FOR THE FUTURE

A. FUTURE DEMANDS

1. Introduction

One of the primary purposes of this land use plan is to project the demand for
various types of land uses and for infrastructure in the future, so that the Town can
provide a sufficient regulatory environment (e.g., zoning compatible with future land use
needs) and sufficient infrastructure to accommodate future growth in a responsible and
sustainable fashion. This section of the plan projects future demands for land use and
infrastructure based on future growth projections as well as predicted demographic and
economic changes.

2. Residential Land Use

As noted in Section 5(C) of this Plan, approximately 42 new residential units have
been permitted per year, on average, by the Town from the year 2000 through the year
2004. None of the residential units permitted since 2000 have been in buildings with more
than four (4) units, with the majority being one and two unit structures, including a large
number of mobile homes (approximately 25% of all permitted units since 2000). The vast
majority of these newly permitted units have also been on individual “infill” lots in
existing developed areas, rather than large conversions of raw land to residential
development.

Also as noted in Section 5(C) of this Plan, there are only approximately 50 acres
of currently developable raw land in the Town appropriate for residential development;
and various regulatory, economic, and practical considerations preclude a gross
residential density of the Town much greater than the current 8.31 units per acre.

Therefore, without any significant changes in infrastructure, economic conditions,
or regulatory conditions (e.g., zoning requirements, CAMA permitting requirements), the
Town can accommodate approximately 415 new residential units before total buildout (in
addition to the 350 units approved for the Fred Bunn/Circle Redevelopment Project).
This means that at the current pace of residential development (42 new residential
units/year), all raw land readily available for residential development will be used within
10 years (i.e., no later than 2015).

Several factors, however, indicate that the future of near-term development (e.g.,
2006 through 2013) in the Town of Atlantic Beach may be quite different from the recent
past, as follows:
Town of Atlantic Beach 151 Core Land Use Plan
■ A significant and persistent increase in property values and an increased
number of real estate speculators in the market makes the development
of one-and-two-family units increasingly less cost-effective, and thus less
likely, except for luxury/waterfront units. Demand for both higher density
and luxury residential units will increase significantly during the planning
period (5 to 7 years).

Current zoning regulations and generally small lot sizes in the Town favor
the development of three-and-four unit residential developments, with the
potential to disrupt the primarily single-family nature of many
neighborhoods in Town and to strain the capacity to serve this
development with current infrastructure (e.g., roads, septic tanks, etc.).
Under current regulations, only 7,200 square feet (.165 of an acre) are
needed for duplex development and only 14,400 square feet are needed
for the development of a quadplex (i.e, 4 units) in most zoning districts.

#* The decreasing availability of large (i.e., minimum of 2 acres under current
requirements) parcels with proper environmental/site conditions, the
above-referenced high land values, the high costs of redeveloping existing
sites, the potential impact of the Fred Bunn/Circle Redevelopment
project, and the uncertainty over the potential for sewer system
development may temporarily stall the development of high density
residential units, despite the clear demand for such units.

Over the medium term (3 to 5 years), demand for such units is likely to
overcome the aforementioned impediments, as costs of development in
comparable beachfront communities such as Carolina Beach or Kure Beach
becomes prohibitively expensive. This means that demand for
redevelopment of existing developed areas will increase significantly
through the planning period (i.e., through 2013).

■ An increasing percentage of residents will be year-round or nearly year
round, as opposed to seasonal, with the impending retirement or semi-
retirement of the large “baby boom” generation. This suggests the need
for larger residential units and residential units closely accessible to
amenities associated with permanent residency in an area (e.g., health
care facilities, pharmacies, financial services offices, etc.).

These factors suggest the following action items that should be taken by the Town of
Atlantic Beach in order to help guide residential development to the most appropriate
areas in Town and to help establish the density and intensity of residential development:
Town of Atlantic Beach 152 Core Land Use Plan
■ The Town should enact fair and consistent standards for the development
of multi-family units. Under current zoning regulations, the Town allows
a 4-unit development to be developed on as little as 14,400 square feet,
while a 5-unit development requires at least 10,000 square feet. Such a
revision may result in a development pattern that allows for residential
densities more commensurate with land values and prevents
encroachment of 3 and 4 unit developments into primarily single- family
neighborhoods.

■ The Town should consider designating additional appropriate areas with
zoning classifications similar to the Circle Development District and
consider revising development regulations to encourage dense, mixed-use
development in these areas. The Town should also simultaneously consider
restricting dense/intense development in districts where the Town wishes
to encourage and/or preserve lower density development.

Additional study is recommended in order to identify the most suitable
areas for these proposed changes. The most suitable areas for mixed-use
zoning designation are those where this type of development is compatible
with existing adjacent development, is accessible to necessary
infrastructure, and is in areas most likely to experience economic pressure
to redevelop in a more dense and intense fashion. Analysis associated with
this plan suggests that a total of approximately 5,715 residential units are
the maximum number of residential units sustainable based on current
infrastructure and Federal/State/local development regulations. Any
rezonings should consider this an approximate guideline when considering
necessary future densities and intensities of development.

■ The Town should work, through the Planning and Public Works
Departments, to carefully consider zoning and development regulation
modifications prior to the final design and planning stage of any public
sewerage system.

Although we do not believe that public sewerage will significantly increase
the overall residential density of the Town, the significant land valuation
increases brought on by sewer installation and the significantly increased
density that can be developed on a land site will affect the distribution
of the Town’s overall residential density. In other words, the installation
of public sewerage in the Town will likely make high density residential
development and higher value low/medium density development
considerably more attractive (i.e., than they are currently without public
sewerage).
Town of Atlantic Beach 153 Core Land Use Plan
Any such zoning/development regulation modifications should be made in
close concert with the Town’s Public Works Department to ensure that
they do not affect the feasibility/profitability of the system if the system
is approved by the Town for installation. Any such modifications, however,
should ensure that dense/intense land uses are sited in the most
appropriate locations.

■ The Town should ensure that hotels/motels converted to condominiums
(known as “condotels”) are carefully regulated and managed. The trend
towards hotel to condo conversion is being driven by a strong residential
market, low interest rates, a lack of supply in condominium rooms to meet
demand, lower grade hotels that are not earning adequate returns and a
strong visitor industry that is doing well with both rates and occupancy
(Source: F. Kevin Aucello, vice president and principal at CB Richard Ellis).
A condotel is simply a hotel where the ownership of the hotel has been
condominiumized from one owner to an owner for each of the rooms and
common areas of the hotel. Though the ownership is separated, the
property is still run as a standard hotel. Although this practice often
results in significant upgrades to the “condotel” sites, it presents some
concerns about infrastructure capacity and conflicts between permanent/
semi-permanent residents and transient guests.

3. Commercial Land Use

As has been noted previously in this Plan, the commercial development in the
Town of Atlantic Beach is largely focused on the service of tourists, with a large
proportion of tourist-related businesses (e.g., night clubs, restaurants, other
entertainment centers, and souvenir shops). The Town has approximately 129 acres in
commercial use, approximately 80% of which are commercial enterprises wholly or
substantially reliant on tourism for income (Source: Holland Consulting Planners, 2005
Existing Land Use Survey).

As with many areas of the nation and the State, commercial development has
occurred in a linear or strip fashion, along Fort Macon Road and Atlantic Beach Causeway.
Both of these linear commercial strips have created some conflicts between adjacent non-
commercial developments, as commercial development has encroached on residential
districts.

The following factors will affect commercial land use during the 5 to 7 year
planning period:
Town of Atlantic Beach 154 Core Land Use Plan
■ A combination of factors may lead to an overall reduction in the square
footage of commercial development in the Town, as follows:

— Significantly increased land values make large, “stand-alone”
tourist-oriented retail/entertainment businesses more difficult to
justify economically; and

— The Town has an increasingly aging and antiquated commercial
building stock; and

— The range of retail and other commercial opportunities in the
Morehead City Area continues to expand; and

— Very little land zoned commercial and currently undeveloped exists
in the Town; and

— Redevelopment cost of existing commercial facilities is high; and

— An increasingly permanent, older and wealthier population and
tourist base will demand a different mix of goods and services than
that currently provided in Town.

■ Even though businesses in the Town also serve the Pine Knoll Shores, Indian
Beach and Salter Path areas, the population of the area (including the
Town) will not be large enough during the planning period to attract
commercial concerns larger than a supermarket, pharmacy, or tourist-
oriented restaurants/entertainment facilities.

The factors described above suggest that the Town should consider, through
modification of existing zoning and development regulations, encouraging the location of
smaller and specialized retail, office, and institutional (e.g., health care, financial
services) commercial uses that can be readily incorporated into mixed-use residential/
commercial uses.

This type of “mixed-use” development provides the following advantages to the
Town:

■ Minimizes (or does not significantly worsen) traffic congestion
■ Concentrates the visual impact of commercial development
■ Maximizes the access to new development
■ Has the greatest potential market for pass-through and walk-in traffic
■ Minimizes encroachments on existing residential neighborhoods and other
incompatible land uses
Town of Atlantic Beach 155 Core Land Use Plan
■ Allows and encourages the redevelopment of existing commercial
development to its highest and best use

The Town should also consider investigating the need for a new zoning district for
intense entertainment and other tourism-related uses, such as water parks, miniature golf
and large restaurants, in order to avoid conflicts with both existing residential areas and
the emerging mixed use developments aforementioned. In general, these types of uses
are currently allowed by Special Use Permit in the Resort Commercial (RC) zone.

The area in and near the Coral Bay/Atlantic Station Shopping Centers are and
should remain the primary, regional (i.e., eastern Bogue Banks) commercial hub for
commercial services oriented towards permanent residents (e.g., supermarket, pharmacy,
etc.) during the planning period.

4. Industrial Land Use

The Town has two uses classified as industrial: Light Industrial (including uses
such as self-storage facilities and boat/vehicle storage) and Heavy Industrial (including
uses such as seafood packing and processing). Light industrial uses are permitted in the
COR district and permitted as a special use in the CPY district. Heavy industrial uses are
permitted as a special use in the COR district.

Intense land uses that could generate noise or odors incompatible with residential
uses - such as marinas/boat docks and gas stations - do exist in the Town, but are limited
to the COR, CPY, and MHI districts and subject to site design requirements that minimize the
potential for negative impacts to adjacent or nearby residential development.

5. Transportation

As noted in Section 5(D) of this Plan, the NC Department of Transportation
(NCDOT) does not anticipate any significant roadway improvements for the Town through
at least 2010, despite severe traffic congestion on Fort Macon Boulevard (NC Highway 58)
and the Atlantic Beach Causeway during the peak of the tourist season (e.g., weekends
from Memorial Day to Labor Day).

Relief of these congested roadway conditions through roadway improvements,
however, is unlikely during the planning period (through 2012), for the following reasons:

A planned third bridge from the mainland to Bogue Banks, initially called for to connect
the Salter Path/Indian Beach area to the mainland and included in the 1993-1999 NCDOT
Transportation Improvement Plan (TIP) was not constructed, due in part to local
opposition, cost-effectiveness concerns, and environmental concerns. This plan is
unlikely to be resurrected during the planning period.
■ Any expansion of either Fort Macon Boulevard or the Atlantic Beach
Town of Atlantic Beach 156 Core Land Use Plan
Causeway would be very costly and disruptive to existing development,
due to the lack of significant additional right-of-way along these routes
and high land costs.

■ The tremendous seasonal variation in the level of service (LOS) on Fort
Macon Boulevard and the Atlantic Beach Causeway makes roadway
improvements difficult to justify in terms of cost-effectiveness. LOS is a
method of characterizing the relationship of travel demand to roadway
capacity used by transportation planners. Six distinct levels-of-service are
possible, with letter designations ranging from LOS A, which represents the
best operating conditions, to LOS F, which represents the worst operating
conditions. LOS D indicates “practical capacity” of a roadway, or the
capacity at which the public begins to express dissatisfaction. Various
LOSs are depicted on page 157.

On weekends during the summer months, Fort Macon Boulevard and the
Atlantic Beach Causeway often reach LOS E or LOS F. During the off-season
(November through February), however, LOS A or LOS B are often achieved
on these roadways.

For the above-listed reasons, the Town should consider studying the effectiveness
of seasonal trolley service and/or other methods of transportation system improvement
that do not involve significant investments in new roadway infrastructure as a method of
reducing the seasonal traffic loads and/or reducing the increase in seasonal traffic loads.

Despite the lack of significant transportation system improvements immediately
in Town, the current draft of the Crystal Coast Area Long-Range Transportation Plan
includes the following policy recommendations that should benefit the Town:

■ Widening and other improvements to US Highway 70 at numerous locations
between Raleigh and the Town. These improvements, if implemented, will
encourage visitation to the Town from the Piedmont/Triangle area.

■ Widening of portions of NC Highway 58 (Fort Macon Boulevard) that are
currently two lanes to three. These improvements would help ensure that
“bottlenecks” of traffic passing through the Town were reduced.
Town of Atlantic Beach 157 Core Land Use Plan

Graphic Representation of Various Roadway Levels of Service
Town of Atlantic Beach 158 Core Land Use Plan
6. Education

As noted earlier in this Plan, the construction of the Morehead City Primary School
to serve students from grades K through 3 in 1994 has provided sufficient capacity in all
Carteret County Public Schools serving the Town through the planning period (i.e.,
through 2012).

Despite the projected increase in permanent population in the Town, the number
of persons in the school-age population (i.e., ages 6 through 18) are not expected to
increase significantly during the planning period and will not generate the need for
additional school capacity.

7. Recreation

As has been previously discussed in this Plan, the Town does not own or operate
any non-shoreline related recreational sites. Furthermore, a 1999 study conducted by the
Town in conjunction with East Carolina University found that a large majority of the
Town’s citizens do not favor spending public monies on a Town-sponsored recreation
program or facilities, as the County and Morehead City provide numerous non-shoreline
related facilities available for use of the Town’s citizens. As the Town’s permanent
population and demographics (i.e., increasingly older and more wealthy) change over the
planning period, however, the demand for recreation facilities and programs should be
carefully monitored.

The Town maintains three regional and 11 local public shoreline access sites (see
pages 114-115 of this Plan for additional details). The three (3) regional shoreline access
sites have a total of 417 parking spaces and one of these facilities has restroom/shower
facilities. The 11 local public access sites are primarily located at the terminus of the
Town’s north-to-south streets which dead-end at the ocean. The town has used state
grants to build dune-crossovers and walkways at these street ends, but there are parking
spaces at only a select few. Current public shoreline access is sufficient to meet
minimum CAMA and Section 33 (Beach Renourishment) program requirements regarding
public shoreline access.

Despite the fact that shoreline access in Town meets minimum standards for
shoreline access, the Town has long prided itself on its ability to provide the average
citizen with access to the shore. With approximately 25,000 to 30,000 persons in Town
on peak weekends, existing shoreline access sites are inadequate to meet demand,
especially in regards to parking and facilities (e.g., shower/restrooms) and additional
public access sites should be strongly considered.
Town of Atlantic Beach 159 Core Land Use Plan
Historically, the primary source of public shoreline access have been privately-
owned but publicly-accessible fishing piers. As recently as 2005, there were three of
these private piers – Triple S, Oceanna, and Sportsman’s. These piers were in operation
for decades and provided public access to the shoreline and safe, convenient spots for
fishing at a very modest cost. Additionally, these piers served as “anchors” of small,
tourism-based, commercial hubs, providing convenience services, souvenirs, dining and
related services to visitors and residents alike. With the recent, and dramatic, increase
in property values in the Town, only one remains – Oceanna.

The likelihood that shoreline access could be restricted at the last fishing pier and
at other “semi-public” access sites in Town indicates that a Comprehensive Shoreline
Access Plan is needed as soon as possible to evaluate the following questions and
concerns:

A) What are the minimum standards for public shoreline access acceptable to
the Town, especially considering regulatory requirements regarding public
access and the expected diminution of “semi-public” shoreline access?

B) What is the best mix of legally, financially, and politically supportable
planning options (e.g., regulation, density bonuses or other incentives, fee
simple purchase, required easement dedication, etc.) that will ensure an
adequate level of public shoreline access in the Town?

8. Water System

As with most public services in the Town, use varies significantly based on season.
Even at peak usage, however, the Town’s water system experienced a peak of 1.64 million
gallons per day (July 2002), or 65.8% of system capacity. System capacity and water
pressure have been determined to be sufficient to meet the demand for new service
connections and increased permanent residency through the planning period (i.e.,
approximately 2025), based on the infrastructure carrying capacity analysis, see page 206.

9. Wastewater Disposal/Sewer System

As has been stated earlier in this Plan, the Town does not currently have a
centralized, public sewer system. As was also noted earlier, a Design/Build/Own Action
Plan for a centralized, Town-wide wastewater collection and treatment system has been
completed by Infrastructure Management Group, Inc. (IMG) of Bethesda, Maryland. IMG
has already conducted an initial economic and environmental feasibility analysis of a
community-wide sewer system in Town and found it to be feasible of both accounts.
However, the Town has opted not to address installation of a central sewer system in this
manner.
Town of Atlantic Beach 160 Core Land Use Plan
Until a central sewer system is developed, privately operated, on-site treatment
facilities called “package plants” and individual septic tanks will continue to provide
wastewater disposal in the Town. The only private wastewater treatment systems
currently anticipated during the planning period are package plants to address
development within “The Circle” redevelopment area (see Map 15).

As indicated earlier in this Section of the Plan, the Town already has a gross
residential density of approximately 8.3 housing units per acre and the Town has a
significant coverage of impervious (i.e., hardened surfaces that do not allow seepage of
rain water) surfaces. From a land use perspective, a centralized sewer system will
increase land values and allow for greater site density. The Town should carefully
evaluate its zoning ordinance in advance of the implementation of any centralized sewer
system and ensure that desired density levels are not exceeded. As suggested earlier in
this Plan, it is unlikely that the State would permit a centralized sewer system that
presumes a higher gross density than currently exists in the Town, so distributing densities
to the most appropriate and desired areas of Town is essential. The Town is currently
working with WK Dickson on the preparation of a feasibility study and wastewater master
plan to identify the options that are available to the town with regards to a central sewer
system. As part of this effort, the Town will solicit substantial public input through the
mailing of questionnaires and public hearings. It is too early at this point to determine
whether the Town will move forward with the development of a Town-wide sewer system.
Subsequent to the completion of the wastewater master plan, the Town should be able
to make a more informed decision on this issue.

If the Town’s Zoning Ordinance is modified to ensure that current growth densities
are not exceeded, a centralized sewage treatment system should provide a net benefit
to the Town. This is due to the fact that failing private wastewater disposal systems are
a significant contributor to high fecal coliform counts and a source of other pollutants,
affecting the estuaries adjacent to the Town. Finally, a sewage system will increase
property values in the Town, which will support the Town’s long-term economic well-
being.

10. Stormwater Management/Drainage

The quality and quantity of stormwater runoff is a serious concern in the Town.
As was mentioned on page 91 of this Plan, the bacteriological water quality of Bogue
Sound and the viability of shellfishing beds near the Town continue to decline, primarily
due to the pollutant-and-nutrient laden stormwater discharges and wastewater system
failures. Although the Town is not currently required to manage/treat stormwater and
the fact that on-site septic systems, flat topography and minimal land available for
stormwater retention/detention systems makes stormwater and drainage management
Town of Atlantic Beach 161 Core Land Use Plan
logistically difficult, some efforts to manage the quantity and quality of stormwater are
warranted during the planning period.

The development of a centralized sewer system in the Town should provide a
significant opportunity to improve stormwater management, due to the fact that land
abutting and in Town rights-of-way currently used as septic drainfields and/or repair areas
can be used to assist in collecting and settling stormwater. Additionally, pollutant
discharges directly from on-site wastewater systems should be eliminated.

The Town should seriously consider additional efforts to manage stormwater,
including the following:

A) Adoption of a stormwater management ordinance and development of a
stormwater management program that contains the following components:

i) Implement site development regulations to ensure reduction in
nitrogen and phosphorous loads for new development; and
ii) Identify locations currently discharging significant loads of nitrogen
and phosphorus and implement retrofitting opportunities; and
iii) Implement a public education campaign.

B) Adoption of a stormwater utility ordinance and implementation of a
stormwater utility. A stormwater utility would allow the Town to charge
a small (generally 3 to 7 dollars per month to residential units, 50 to 100
dollars per month to commercial) fee to each existing water customer
based on their approximate contribution to the Town’s stormwater runoff
problem. These funds, in turn, can be used to assist the Town in
implementing a stormwater management program. Although grant funds,
such as the Clean Water Management Trust Fund and the Wetland
Restoration Program, are available to assist in the implementation of the
above, it is likely that the Town will need additional trained and qualified
staff and consulting assistance to implement the requirements of the
above regulations over the 5 to 7 year planning period.

Currently, the Town is under contract with WK Dickson to prepare a comprehensive
stormwater master plan. This effort will identify all stormwater problem areas within the
Town (including those areas that result in pumped stormwater) and establish potential
solutions for each identified area. These solutions will be ranked in terms of feasibility
based on cost and benefit. In identifying which stormwater projects should be completed
first, water quality and adverse environmental impacts will be taken into account.
Town of Atlantic Beach 162 Core Land Use Plan
11. Solid Waste

The Town’s contract with Waste Industries for residential refuse collection, Town-
contracted and voluntary recycling services, and private, individually negotiated contracts
for waste disposal for businesses should be in effect through the 2012 planning period.
The regional landfill at Tuscarora, opened in 1994, has sufficient capacity to handle the
Town’s waste disposal needs through the planning period.

12. Law Enforcement

According to Major Reeme of the Town’s Police Department, the Department has
only very minor capital and staffing needs during the 5 to 7 year planning period. These
include routine equipment purchases and the procurement of six (6) mobile data
terminals for police cruisers, to improve communications with the Department’s dispatch
and headquarters.

The Town currently has 18 sworn officers to serve a permanent population of
approximately 1,900 persons and a peak seasonal population of approximately 25,000.
The national average for Cities and Towns under 10,000 population is 3.2 officers per
1,000 population, which is obviously exceeded during off-season for the Town (Source:
Federal Bureau of Investigation). The current staffing level is well justified, however,
based on the seasonal population of the Town and relatively high incidence of crimes that
can be associated with seasonal visitors.

13. Fire/Rescue Services

According to Captain Simpson of the Atlantic Beach Fire/EMS Department, no
significant changes are needed in regards to equipment and personnel during the planning
period. The Department does plan to have a dive rescue team in place in 2006. The
thirteen (13) paid firefighters and fifteen (15) volunteer firefighters should be adequate
throughout the planning period (e.g., through 2012).

B. LAND USE/DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND IMPLEMENTING ACTIONS

This section of the will guide the development and use of land in Atlantic Beach. The
future land use maps and policies are intended to support Atlantic Beach’s and CAMA’s
goals. Specifically, this section includes goals, land use development policies, and the
future land use map for the town. The future land use map and the specified
development goals are based on the community concerns (identified on pages 11 and 12
of this plan) and the future needs/demands (identified in Section V (G) of this plan).
Town of Atlantic Beach 163 Core Land Use Plan
C. EXISTING DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

The Town of Atlantic Beach maintains an active planning program which includes a staffed
planning department, planning board, board of adjustment, and the Board of
Commissioners. All of these will be actively involved in the implementation of this plan.
Section 5.E., page 122 of this document specifies/describes existing plan, policies and
regulations which will be instrumental in the implementation of this document. The
planning decisions are based on and coordinated with these documents. The extensive
list of land use related documents is indicative of the town’s sensitivity to
growth/development issues. The development of all land use related documents have
been coordinated with applicable state and federal laws and regulations.

D. POLICIES/FUTURE IMPLEMENTING ACTIONS

It is intended that the policies included in this plan are consistent with the goals of CAMA.
This plan addresses the CRC management topics for land use plans and complies with all
state and federal rules and regulations. The following will serve as a guideline to assist
in assuring that this land use plan will direct the development and use of land in a manner
that is consistent with the management goal(s), planning objective(s), and land use plan
requirements of this document. All policies/implementing actions shall be used for
consistency review by appropriate state and federal agencies. It should be noted that the
land use plan categories associated with the Future Land Use Map (page 197) are
intrinsically tied to the policies created during the development of this plan.

E. GUIDE FOR LAND USE DECISION MAKING

1. Introduction

Specifically, in implementing this plan, the Atlantic Beach Planning Board and
Board of Commissioners will:

■ Consult the Land Use Plan during the deliberation of all land use related issues,
including the review of subdivision plats and site plans.

■ Consider the following in deliberation of all zoning petitions:

- Consider the policies and implementing actions of this plan and all
applicable CAMA regulations in their decisions regarding land use and
development (including 15A NCAC 7H).

- All uses that are allowed in a zoning district must be considered. A
decision to re-zone or not to re-zone a parcel or parcels of property cannot
be based on consideration of only one use or a partial list of the uses
allowed within a zoning district.
Town of Atlantic Beach 164 Core Land Use Plan
- Zoning decisions will not be based on aesthetic considerations.

- Requests for zoning changes will not be approved if the requested change
will result in spot zoning. Spot zoning is a form of discriminatory zoning
whose sole purpose is to serve the private interests of one of more
landowners instead of furthering the welfare of the entire community as
part of an overall zoning plan. Spot zoning is based on the arbitrary and
inappropriate nature of a re-zoning change rather than, as is commonly
believed, on the size of the area being re-zoned.

- Zoning which will result in strip development should be discouraged. Strip
development is a melange of development, usually commercial, extending
along both sides of a major street. Strip development is often a mixture
of auto-oriented enterprises (e.g., gas stations, motels, and food stands),
and truck-dependent wholesale and light industrial enterprises along with
the once-rural homes and farms that await conversion to commercial use.
Strip development may severely reduce traffic-carrying capacity of
abutting streets by allowing for excessive and conflicting curb cuts.

- The concept of uniformity should be supported in all zoning deliberations.
Uniformity is a basic premise of zoning which holds that all land in similar
circumstances should be zoned alike; any different circumstances should
be carefully balanced with a demonstrated need for such different
treatment. Properly designed mixed use development is not considered to
be at variance with the concept of uniformity.

- Zoning regulations should be made in accordance with the Atlantic Beach
Land Use Plan and designed to lessen congestion in the streets; to secure
safety from fire, panic, and other dangers; to promote health and the
general welfare; to provide adequate light and air; to prevent the
overcrowding of land; to avoid undue concentration of population; and to
facilitate the adequate provision of transportation, water, sewerage,
schools, parks and other public requirements. The regulations shall be
made with reasonable consideration, among other things, as to the
character of the district and its peculiar suitability for particular uses, and
with a view to conserving the value of buildings and encouraging the most
appropriate use of land in Atlantic Beach’s planning jurisdiction.

- Specifically, the Planning Board and Board of Commissioners should ask the
following questions:

 Does Atlantic Beach need more land in the zone class requested?
Town of Atlantic Beach 165 Core Land Use Plan
 Is there other property in the town that might be more
appropriate for this use?

 Is the request in accordance with the Atlantic Beach land use
plan? All zoning text and map amendments shall be consistent
with the land use plan.

 Will the request have a serious impact on traffic circulation,
parking space, sewer and water services, and other utilities?

 Will the request have an impact on other town services, including
police protection, fire protection, or the school system?

 Is there a good possibility that the request, as proposed, will
result in lessening the enjoyment or use of adjacent properties?

 Will the request, as proposed, cause serious noise, odors, light,
activity, or unusual disturbances?

 Does the request raise serious legal questions such as spot zoning,
hardship, violation of precedents, need for this type of use?

 Does the request adversely impact any CAMA AEC’s or other
environmentally sensitive areas including water quality?

It is intended that this plan will serve as the basic tool to guide development/growth in
Atlantic Beach subject to the following:

■ Atlantic Beach’s ordinances should be revised from time to time to be
consistent, as reasonably possible, with the recommendations of this plan.

■ Land development regulations should be designed: to lessen congestion in
the streets; to secure safety from fire, panic, and other dangers; to
promote health and the general welfare; to provide adequate light and air;
to prevent the overcrowding of land; to avoid undue concentration of
population; to facilitate the adequate provision of transportation, water,
sewerage, schools, parks, and other public requirements; to protect
Atlantic Beach’s AEC’s; and to support redevelopment in the Circle area.

■ Atlantic Beach will coordinate all development proposals with appropriate
state and/or federal agencies.
Town of Atlantic Beach 166 Core Land Use Plan
2. Policies Regarding Land Use and Development in AEC’s

Except for policy P.16, Atlantic Beach accepts state and federal law regarding land
uses and development in AEC’s. By reference, all applicable state and federal regulations
are incorporated into this document. The AEC’s within Atlantic Beach’s planning
jurisdiction are identified in Section 5.B.1.g., page 58. However, Atlantic Beach does not
consider the following issues to be relevant at this time:

■ Outstanding Resource Waters
■ Development of Sound and Estuarine System Islands
■ Peat or Phosphate Mining’s Impact on any Resource

All policies and implementing actions are to be utilized by the State of North
Carolina for consistency review. Note the following:

■ No policy is subordinate to another.
■ All management topics have equal status.
■ The future land use map may show some areas in a developed category
which may also include sensitive habitats or natural areas. The intent is
that development should be designed/permitted to protect these areas
through utilization of concepts such as cluster development.
Development/project approval will be based on project design which
avoids substantial loss of important habitat areas.

F. LAND USE PLAN MANAGEMENT TOPICS

1. Introduction

The purposes of the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC) management topics are
to ensure that CAMA Land Use Plans support the goals of CAMA, to define the CRC’s
expectations for the land use planning process, and to give the CRC a substantive basis
for review and certification of CAMA Land Use Plans. Each of the following management
topics (Public Access, Land Use Compatibility, Infrastructure Carrying Capacity, Natural
Hazard Areas, Water Quality, and Local Areas of Concern) include three components: a
management goal, a statement of the CRC’s planning objective, and requirements for the
CAMA Land Use Plan. These policies apply to all of Atlantic Beach’s planning jurisdiction.
The local concerns which should be addressed in this plan are identified on pages 11 and
12. These concerns and issues were utilized to develop the goals and objectives which
are included in this plan. Most of the policies and implementing actions are continuing
activities. In most situations, specific timelines are not applicable. Refer to page 213 for
a list of those policies/implementing actions which have a specific schedule. The policies
and implementing actions frequently utilize the following words: should, continue,
Town of Atlantic Beach 167 Core Land Use Plan
encourage, enhance, identify, implement, maintain, prevent, promote, protect, provide,
strengthen, support, work. The intent of these words is defined in Appendix IV. Please
note: Policies and Implementing Actions are numbered consecutively throughout this
document with the letter “P” denoting a policy and the letter “I” denoting an
implementing action.

2. Impact of CAMA Land Use Plan Policies on Management Topics

The development of this land use plan has relied heavily on the CAMA-prescribed
existing suitability analysis which is included in Section 5.F of this document. It is
intended that this document is supportive of the CAMA regulations for protection of AEC’s
(15A NCAC 7H). This plan is intended to support the Atlantic Beach vision statement
which was developed based on the key issues identified on pages 11 and 12 of this
document and the CAMA AEC regulations. No negative impacts are anticipated by the
implementation of the goals, objectives, and policies which are included in this plan.
Also, please refer to Tools for Managing Development, page 210.

Note: Unless specifically excepted, it is intended that all policies are consistent
with (do not exceed) applicable state and federal requirements when state and federal
requirements apply.

G. PUBLIC ACCESS

1. Management Goal

Atlantic Beach will protect, maintain and improve its existing shoreline access
facilities for both ocean access and sound facilities.

2. Planning Objective

Atlantic Beach will endeavor to maintain adequate shoreline access for both year-
round residents and seasonal users.

3. Land Use Plan Requirements

Atlantic Beach’s policies/implementing actions will focus on providing adequate
public access. The following summarizes the town’s policies/implementing actions for
public access.
Town of Atlantic Beach 168 Core Land Use Plan
Policies

P.1 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports the redevelopment of the “Circle” area as an
action supportive of the town’s provision of shoreline access.

P.2 - Atlantic Beach supports the frequency of shoreline access sites as defined by 15A
NCAC 7M, Section .0300, Shorefront Access Policies. The Town also supports the
preservation and maintenance of areas that have traditionally been used for public use
(pedestrian and motorized boat access) and working waterfront areas.

P.3 - Atlantic Beach supports providing shoreline access for persons with disabilities.

P.4 - Atlantic Beach supports state/federal funding for piers for crabbing and fishing.

P.5 - Atlantic Beach supports the utilization of local, state, and federal funds for the
acquisition of additional shoreline access sites.

P.6 - Atlantic Beach supports the donation of land for additional and expanded shoreline
access sites.

Implementing Actions

I.1 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will update its 1999 Public Access - Preliminary
Recreation Assessment and request Division of Coastal Management funding for the
preparation of the plan. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2008-2009.

I.2 - Atlantic Beach will pursue private sources of funding for the development of
shoreline access facilities, including the donation of land. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.3 - Atlantic Beach may pursue funding under the North Carolina CAMA Shoreline Access
funding program (15A NCAC 7M, Section .0300, Shorefront Access Policies). Schedule:
Continuing Activity.

I.4 - Atlantic Beach will pursue funding from the North Carolina Wildlife Commission for
the provisions of soundside boat ramps. Emphasis should be placed on the west end of
town. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.5 - The town’s public access sites should be clearly marked. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.

I.6 - Atlantic Beach will make all improved shoreline access facilities handicapped
accessible. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Town of Atlantic Beach 169 Core Land Use Plan
I.7 - The town will prepare a map for public distribution which clearly indicates the
location of all shoreline access sites and associated public parking. Copies of the map will
be placed in local businesses for distribution. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2008-2009.

I.8 - Atlantic Beach will pursue options for the increase of off-street parking for shoreline
access sites. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.9 - Atlantic Beach will continue to monitor the number of access sites with the demand
and consider expansion when feasible. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

H. LAND USE COMPATIBILITY

1. Management Goal

Atlantic Beach will support land uses which are mutually compatible and which
minimize adverse environmental impacts; avoid risks to public safety/welfare; and
consider the limitations of land suitability.

2. Planning Objectives

Atlantic Beach’s planning program/efforts will provide guidance to the local
decision process while balancing development with a concern for protection of the town’s
natural resources.

3. Land Use Plan Requirements

Atlantic Beach’s land use compatibility policies and implementing actions support
the development, preservation of land uses as depicted on the future land use map.
These actions reflect a desire for balanced residential and non-residential preservation
and growth.

Policies - Residential

P.7 - Atlantic Beach supports the preservation of the “cottage” areas which are depicted
on the Future Land Use Map, Map 20.

P.8 - Atlantic Beach supports residential development within commercial mixed-use areas
as depicted on the future land use map.

P.9 - Atlantic Beach supports residential development which meets the 15A NCAC 7H
minimum use standards.
Town of Atlantic Beach 170 Core Land Use Plan
P.10 - Atlantic Beach supports revisions to the North Carolina state statutes which would
allow the local imposition of impact fees or special legislation to allow them within the
town’s planning jurisdiction. Note: Impact fees would be levied against land developers
to establish a revenue source to support the additional demand for services generated by
the people occupying the proposed developments such as roads, water and sewer
infrastructure, and recreational facilities.

P.11 - Atlantic Beach will continuously monitor the impact which the construction of a
central sewer system will have on the town.

P.12 - Atlantic Beach will restrict dense/intense development in areas where the town
wishes to encourage/preserve lower density development.

Implementing Actions - Residential

I.10 - Atlantic Beach will review its zoning and subdivision ordinances to ensure
consistency with the recommendations included in this plan (see pages 152, 153, and
154). The town’s zoning ordinance must be revised to attain the densities which are
delineated on the Future Land Use Map, page 197. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2007-2008.

I.11 - Atlantic Beach will support residential development at the following residential
densities which are reflected on the future land use map:

(1) Low-density residential/7-8 units per acre.

(2) Medium-density residential/8-12 units per acre.

(3) High-density residential/8-12 units per acre.

(4) Mixed use residential/8-21 units per acre.

(5) Mixed use commercial/8-50 units per acre.

(6) Conservation/open space - 1 unit per acre Schedule: Continuing
Activity.

I.12 - In the “cottage” districts, the Town of Atlantic Beach will maintain buildings at the
existing size, height, and density through enforcement of its zoning ordinance (see
Cottage District discussion on page 203). Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Town of Atlantic Beach 171 Core Land Use Plan
I.13 - Atlantic Beach will permit residential development to occur in response to market
needs provided that the following criteria are met:

(1) Due respect is offered to all aspects of the environment.

(2) If deficient community facilities and services are identified, the town will
attempt to improve such to the point of adequately meeting demands.

(3) Additional residential development will concurrently involve planning for
improvements to community facilities and services if excess capacity does
not exist within those facilities and services.

(4) Residential development is consistent with other Atlantic beach policies
and the land use map as contained in this plan update.

This implementing action will be enforced through the Atlantic Beach zoning and
subdivision ordinances. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.14 - All re-zoning and subdivision approvals will consider the existing and future land use
suitability maps and analyses which are included in this plan. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.

I.15 - Atlantic Beach will review its zoning and subdivision ordinances and consider
establishing floor area ratio requirements to ensure that development is consistent with
the density requirements of this plan. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2007-2008.

The following defines floor area ratio: Floor area ratio is determined by dividing the gross
floor area of all buildings on a lot by the area of that lot.

Comment. The floor area ratio (FAR) was
developed as a more refined and adaptable
measure of intensity than building coverage. It
expresses in one measure, instead of several, the
mathematical relation between volume of
building and unit of land. However, FAR cannot
replace more traditional bulk controls entirely.
Often, it is not a sufficient height control nor
does it regulate the placement of the building on
the site.
Town of Atlantic Beach 172 Core Land Use Plan
I.16 - It is town policy to promote, foster, and encourage the redevelopment of old,
poorly designed and underutilized areas. Redevelopment is preferred and deemed more
important than development of currently undeveloped areas. Many developed areas are
in poor condition with poor road design, lack of vegetation, dilapidated housing, mixed
uses, etc. The town will continue a program of strict enforcement of the minimum code
as a means to improve the quality of existing development. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.

I.17 - Atlantic Beach will take an active supervisory role in all future redevelopment
projects. All projects are required to consider the town’s environmental policies and to
address the town’s other public needs, especially its needs for a sound street system.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.18 - Atlantic Beach will allow the reconstruction of any structures demolished by natural
disaster or by other causes in accordance with all applicable federal, state and local
regulations. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.19 - Atlantic Beach supports adoption by the U. S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development of stricter standards for the construction of mobile homes which are to be
located in the coastal zone. Such standards should increase wind resistant capabilities
to a level consistent with that which is required for conventional site built housing.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.20 - The Town supports rezonings that are appropriate for the area. Requests for zoning
changes will not be approved if the requested change will result in spot zoning. Spot
zoning is a form of discriminatory zoning whose sole purpose is to serve the private
interests of one of more landowners instead of furthering the welfare of the entire
community as part of an overall zoning plan. Spot zoning is based on the arbitrary and
inappropriate nature of a re-zoning change rather than, as is commonly believed, on the
size of the area being re-zoned. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

Policies - Commercial/Industrial

P.13 – (This policy was removed with the amendment certified October 26, 2018.)

P.14 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports commercial/mixed-use redevelopment of “The
Circle” area.

P.15 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports the concept of commercial/residential mixed
use in all mixed use commercial areas as shown on the future land use map, see page 197.
Town of Atlantic Beach 173 Core Land Use Plan
P.16 - The Town of Atlantic Beach opposes the construction of any privately-owned signs
(including commercial signs) in areas of environmental concern as defined by 15A NCAC
7H. (It should be noted that this policy exceeds 7H development standards.)

P.17 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will support commercial development within AECs
which meets the 15A NCAC 7H minimum use standards, Atlantic Beach zoning and
subdivision requirements, and all policies contained within this plan.

P.18 - The Town of Atlantic Beach desires that new commercial development blend with
surrounding neighborhoods. The concept of uniformity should be supported in all zoning
deliberations. Uniformity is a basic premise of zoning which holds that all land in similar
circumstances should be zoned alike; any different circumstances should be carefully
balanced with a demonstrated need for such different treatment. Properly designed
mixed use development is not considered to be at variance with the concept of
uniformity.

P.19 - The Town of Atlantic Beach has concerns with potential offshore drilling and will
oppose drilling operations and onshore support facilities for such operations. The Town
recognizes that this policy is not enforceable outside of State and local waters.

P.20 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will oppose the construction of any nuclear power
plants within Carteret County.

P.21 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will support commercial/recreational fishing and
marinas as significant contributors to the local economy.

Implementing Actions - Commercial/Industrial

I.21 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will enforce its zoning regulations for type and location
of commercial land uses (see the future land use map, Map 20). Schedule: Continuing
Activity.

I.22 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will review its zoning and subdivision ordinance and
revise as necessary to ensure consistency with the policies and implementing actions
included in this plan. This review will focus on the following:

■ Significant land use compatibility problems;
■ Significant water use compatibility identified problems including those in
the applicable Division of Environmental Management basinwide plan;
■ Significant problems that have resulted from unplanned development and
that have implications for future land use, water use, or water quality;
Town of Atlantic Beach 174 Core Land Use Plan
■ An identification of areas experiencing or likely to experience changes in
predominant land uses;
■ Significant water quality conditions and the connection between land use
and water quality. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2007-2008.

I.23 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will rely on its zoning and subdivision ordinances and
the CAMA permitting process to protect AECs. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.24 - All commercial development efforts will be coordinated with the Town of Atlantic
Beach Planning Board. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.25 - Commercial development will be coordinated with the Town of Atlantic Beach
updated shoreline access plan. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.26 - In guiding commercial development, the Town of Atlantic Beach will support the
following locational guidelines:

■ Encourage renovation of commercial areas including emphasis on “The
Circle” area.
■ Encourage location of new commercial/retail uses in vacant commercial
buildings.
■ Encourage mixed residential/commercial and recreational development.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.27 - The Town of Atlantic Beach Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post-Disaster Recovery, and
Evacuation Plan provides policies for responding to hurricanes or other natural disasters.
Those policies address reconstruction needs. The town will allow the reconstruction of
any commercial structures demolished by natural disaster when the reconstruction
complies with all applicable local, state, and federal regulations. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.

I.28 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will review and possibly amend its zoning ordinance to
reduce/control pollution from commercial development. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2007-
2008.

I.29 - During its review of proposed commercial development, the Town of Atlantic Beach
will consider the following: (1) a preference to have commercial and other intense land
uses that generate a substantial amount of traffic and other off-site impacts develop as
self-contained areas having minimal ingress and egress to main traffic routes; (2) a
preference to have the uses described above located with entrances and exits along
streets and roads that are perpendicular to the nearest main traffic route; and (3) a
preference to redevelop areas in poor condition. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Town of Atlantic Beach 175 Core Land Use Plan
I.30 - The Town discourages zonings and rezonings that will result in strip development.
Strip development is a melange of development, usually commercial, extending along
both sides of a major street. Strip development is often a mixture of auto-oriented
enterprises (e.g., gas stations, motels, and food stands), and truck-dependent wholesale
and light industrial enterprises along with the once-rural homes and farms that await
conversion to commercial use. Strip development may severely reduce traffic-carrying
capacity of abutting streets by allowing for excessive and conflicting curb cuts. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.

Policies - Conservation

P.22 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports 15A NCAC 7H for the protection of all AECs.

P.23 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports the regulation of off-road vehicles in the
beach/ocean hazard areas.

P.24 - The Town of Atlantic Beach opposes all projects which would block or impair
existing navigation channels, increase shoreline erosion in non-ocean hazard areas,
private deposition of spoils below mean high tide, cause adverse water circulation
patterns, violate water quality standards, or cause degradation of shellfish waters.

P.25 - In the event of a “blow-out,” the Town of Atlantic Beach supports inlets being
filled or returned to their original condition.

P.26 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports preservation of its maritime forest areas.

P.27 - The Town of Atlantic Beach opposes the location of floating homes within its
jurisdiction. This policy exceeds state requirements.

P.28 - Except for Money Island, the Town of Atlantic Beach opposes the development of
sound and estuarine islands. This policy exceeds state requirements.

P.29 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports the construction of all marinas, docks, and
piers which minimize or eliminate adverse effects on coastal wetlands and subaquatic
vegetation and comply with 15A NCAC 7H minimum use standards. Marina development
standards are outlined on pages 73-76.

P.30 - Except as otherwise permitted in this plan, the Town of Atlantic Beach will not
support residential and commercial development in coastal wetlands.
Town of Atlantic Beach 176 Core Land Use Plan
P.31 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will support residential and commercial development
which meets 15A NCAC 7H use standards in estuarine shoreline, estuarine water, and
public trust areas.

P.32 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will support the preservation and maintenance of its
environmentally sensitive areas while promoting tourism and capitalizing on its natural
resources. The Town will rely on NCDENR regulations to ensure that development has a
minimal impact on environmentally sensitive areas. The Town will continue to employ
a local permit officer to enforce these regulations.

P.33 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports state and federal regulations for the
preservation/protection of freshwater (404) and coastal wetlands.

Implementing Actions - Conservation

I.31 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will review its zoning and subdivision ordinances to
ensure compliance with policies P.21 through P.32. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2007-2008.

I.32 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will utilize printed materials and public service
announcements to educate the public about environmentally sensitive areas and what
actions may be taken to support preservation. Schedule: Continuing Activity

I.33 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will review all development proposals to ensure the
protection of Hoop Hole Creek (see page 70). Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.34 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will enforce/pursue the following actions to regulate
floating homes and both open water and upland marina development:

(1) Atlantic Beach considers boating activities an extremely important part of
its tourist industry and overall economy. Subject to the policies stated
herein and the town’s zoning ordinance, the town does not oppose the
construction of both open water and upland marinas. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.

(2) The Town of Atlantic Beach supports revisions to the zoning ordinance or
adoption of a separate ordinance to prohibit floating homes and live-
aboard boats. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2007-2008.

(3) The construction of all marinas, docks and piers shall minimize or
eliminate adverse effects on coastal wetlands and subaquatic vegetation
and comply with 15A NCAC 7H minimum use standards (see page 73).
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Town of Atlantic Beach 177 Core Land Use Plan
(4) Atlantic Beach will allow construction of dry stack storage facilities for
boats associated with or independent of marinas. Dry stack storage is
generally defined as the storing of multiple boats out of the water and off
of the ground. Marinas store boats in the water. All applicable zoning,
subdivision, 15A NCAC 7H, or other regulations must be satisfied. Water
access to dry stack storage facilities should not disturb shellfishing waters
or subaquatic vegetation. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

(5) Existing marinas, docks and piers may be reconstructed to their prior size
so long as all local ordinances and other applicable policies of this plan are
satisfied and met when reconstruction occurs. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.

I.35 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will protect ocean hazard areas by the following
actions:

(1) Atlantic Beach will support only uses within the ocean hazard areas which
are allowed by 15A NCAC 7H and are consistent with the town’s zoning and
land protection ordinances. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

(2) Atlantic Beach supports the deposit of dredge spoil by the US Army Corps
of Engineers on the beach and relocation as the preferred erosion control
measures for ocean hazard areas. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

(3) The Town of Atlantic Beach will vigorously enforce Article X of the town’s
zoning ordinance which establishes stringent requirements for the
preservation and protection of sand dunes and vegetation thereon.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.

(4) The town supports state requirements pertaining to shoreline stabilization
in ocean hazard areas. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

(5) Atlantic Beach will support the limited adjustment of the CAMA setback
line in association with ongoing deposit of sand from dredge spoil projects
and the establishment of new permanent dune and vegetation lines.
However, it is understood that this action will not impact permit decisions
regarding CAMA setback line in ocean hazard areas unless the Coastal
Resources Commission modifies the State use standards for this AEC.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Town of Atlantic Beach 178 Core Land Use Plan
I.36 - Except in ocean hazard areas, the Town of Atlantic Beach will not oppose bulkhead
construction within its jurisdiction as long as construction fulfills the use standards set
forth in 15A NCAC 7H and the town zoning ordinance. The town is opposed to all bulkhead
construction in ocean hazard areas. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.37 - Atlantic Beach recognizes the uncertainties associated with sea level rise. Although
the rate of rise is difficult to predict, the town will support the following actions:

(1) The Town of Atlantic Beach will cooperate with county, state, and federal
efforts to inform the public of the anticipated effects of sea level rise.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.

(2) The Town of Atlantic Beach will continuously monitor available information
on sea level rise and revise as necessary all local building and land use
related ordinances to establish setback standards, long-term land use
plans, density controls, buffer vegetation protection requirements, and
building designs which will facilitate the movement of structures.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.

(3) Atlantic Beach will allow the construction of bulkheads which satisfy 15A
NCAC 7H in all areas, except ocean hazard areas, to protect structures and
property from rising sea level. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.38 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will implement the following to protect maritime
forests:

(1) The Town of Atlantic Beach will require large lot sizes in maritime forest
areas and limit the amount of clearing of vegetation to only as much as
necessary to site a home and provide access. This will be supported by the
town’s zoning and subdivision ordinance. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

(2) The Town of Atlantic Beach will enforce Article VIII of the town’s zoning
ordinance which establishes stringent requirements for lot clearing.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.

(3) The Town of Atlantic Beach will review and strengthen its dune protection
ordinance. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2008-2009.

Policies - Stormwater Control

P.34 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports reducing soil erosion, runoff, and
sedimentation to minimize adverse effects on surface and subsurface water quality.
Town of Atlantic Beach 179 Core Land Use Plan
P.35 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports the improvements of surface water quality to
protect fragile areas and to provide clean water for recreational purposes.

P.36 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports the use of “best management practices” to
minimize the rapid release of pollutants into coastal waters (see page 116, Erosion and
Sedimentation).

P.37 - The Town of Atlantic Beach recognizes comments that were made to the CRC by
DWQ regarding coastal stormwater rules. DWQ concluded that its current coastal
stormwater rules have not been adequately effective towards addressing water quality
impacts to public trust waters. Additionally, DWQ’s review of scientific studies resulted
in a determination that local governments’ simply deferring to state and federal rules to
address water quality issues still results in impaired local water quality based on the
following conclusions:

■ Areas with impervious surfaces of 10% or greater can be linked to local
stream degradation.
■ Biological diversity has been shown to drop when impervious surfaces
increase beyond 10-15%.
■ Stream stability is affected when impervious surfaces approach 10% in an
area.
■ Estuaries generally degrade with impervious surfaces of 10% or greater.
■ Sensitive fish species loss increases after about 12% impervious surface.

Therefore, the Town of Atlantic Beach supports reducing impervious surface areas for
existing and proposed developments.

Implementing Actions - Stormwater Control

I.39 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will adopt a local stormwater control ordinance. The
ordinance will support the following basic phases:

(1) Site Planning and Design Development Phase,
(2) Assessment Phase,
(3) Control Selection/Design Phase,
(4) Certification/Verification/Approval Phase,
(5) Implementation/Construction Phase,
(6) Final Stabilization/Termination Phase.
(7) Incorporation of the following EPA objectives:
■ Public Education and Outreach on Stormwater Impacts.
■ Public Involvement and Participation.
■ Elicit Discharge Detection and Elimination.
Town of Atlantic Beach 180 Core Land Use Plan
■ Construction Site and Stormwater Runoff Control.
■ Post-Construction Stormwater Management, and New Development
or Redevelopment.
■ Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal
Operations.
Schedule: Fiscal Year 2008-2009.

I.40 - The stormwater control ordinance will require xeriscaping (native vegetation) in
estuarine shoreline areas. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.41 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will support existing state regulations relating to
stormwater runoff resulting from development (Stormwater Disposal Policy 15 NCAC
2H.001-.1003) through enforcement of the town’s subdivision ordinance. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.

I.42 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will cooperate with the NCDOT, the North Carolina
Division of Water Quality, and other state agencies in mitigating the impact of stormwater
runoff on all conservation classified areas. The town will support the Division of Water
Quality stormwater runoff retention permitting process through its zoning permit system
by verifying compliance prior to issuance of a zoning permit. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.

I.43 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will attempt to apply for grant funds, and utilize Powell
Bill funds, to improve stormwater drainage systems associated with existing rights-of-way.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.44 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will support existing state regulations relating to
stormwater runoff resulting from development (Stormwater Disposal Policy 15 NCAC
2H.001-.1003) through enforcement of the town’s subdivision ordinance. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.

I.45 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will emphasize elimination of stormwater drainage
problems for those areas delineated on Map 18. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.46 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will support the State of North Carolina shoreline buffer
rules in the review and approval of all development proposals (see page 118). Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
Town of Atlantic Beach 181 Core Land Use Plan
I. INFRASTRUCTURE CARRYING CAPACITY

1. Management Goal

The Town of Atlantic Beach supports the construction of adequate infrastructure
systems throughout the town including water, sewer, and transportation systems.

2. Planning Objective

The Town of Atlantic Beach’s planning objective is to support infrastructure
systems which are compatible with the town’s environmentally sensitive areas including
AECs and fragile areas.

3. Land Use Plan Requirements

The Town of Atlantic Beach’s infrastructure carrying capacity policies and
implementing actions are intended to provide for the town’s peak population. The
following provides the policies/implementing actions for infrastructure carrying capacity.

Policies

P.38 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports efforts to determine if the provision of central
sewer service (collection and treatment) throughout the town is the proper method of
wastewater treatment for the town. For the purposes of this plan, service areas will
encompass the Town’s entire corporate limits.

P.39 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports maintenance of its central water supply
system including wells and storage tanks.

P.40 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports transportation projects which will improve the
efficiency of its transportation system including pedestrian and bicycle access safety.

Implementing Actions

I.47 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will pursue all available state and federal funding to
continue the study of viable options for the establishment of economically
feasible/environmentally acceptable central sewer service. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.

I.48 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports the construction of package treatment plants
that are approved and permitted by the State Division of Environmental Management and
by the Carteret County Health Department/Division of Health Services. If any package
Town of Atlantic Beach 182 Core Land Use Plan
plants are approved, Atlantic Beach supports the requirement of a specific contingency
plan specifying how ongoing private operation and maintenance of the plant will be
provided, and detailing provisions for public assumption of the plant should the private
operation fail. Additionally, it is the town’s policy that existing package treatment plants
continue to operate but must be tied into the municipal sewage treatment system upon
its completion. The town will revise its zoning and subdivision ordinances to require that,
as part of the development approval process, ongoing operational plans be provided and
provisions for incorporation of package treatment plants into a central sewer system be
specifically approved. Schedule: Continuing Activity and revise zoning and subdivision
ordinances Fiscal Year 2007-2008.

I.49 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will promote water saving devices and incorporate
appropriate modifications to its existing water rate structure. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2008-
2009.

I.50 - Atlantic Beach will conserve its surficial groundwater resources by supporting CAMA
and NC Division of Environmental Management stormwater runoff regulations, and by
coordinating local development activities involving chemical storage or underground
storage tank installation/abandonment with Carteret County Emergency Management
personnel and the Groundwater Section of the NC Division of Environmental Management.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.51 - Atlantic Beach will encourage and support water conservation efforts. This will
include limiting the maximum output of each town well to a rate which will ensure that
the town’s water conservation policies will be met. Motels and rental units will be
requested to post notices encouraging water conservation by tourists. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.

I.52 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will support efforts by Carteret County to ensure that
aquifer recharge areas are adequately protected. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.53 - The Town of Atlantic Beach recognizes the potential for well contamination from
salt water intrusion due to over pumping of individual wells. The town will continuously
investigate measures which may be taken to avoid such consequences. Atlantic Beach will
support state and federal groundwater research, monitoring, and management programs.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.54 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will pursue NC Department of Transportation Bicycle
and Pedestrian Planning Grant Funds to develop a comprehensive pedestrian/bicycle plan.
Schedule: Fiscal Year 2009-2010.
Town of Atlantic Beach 183 Core Land Use Plan
I.55 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will support the transportation improvements identified
in Section VI, Plan for the Future - A.5., Transportation, page 155. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.

I.56 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will review its zoning and subdivision ordinances to
ensure support of mixed use development which will aid in reducing adverse impacts from
traffic (see page 155). Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.57 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will support the development of a third bridge from the
mainland to Bogue Banks, initially called for to connect the Salter Path/Indian Beach area
to the mainland and included in the 1993-1999 NCDOT Transportation Improvement Plan
(TIP). Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.58 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will consider studying the feasibility and cost-
effectiveness of seasonal trolley service, water taxi service, pedestrian improvements,
and/or other methods of transportation system improvement that do not involve
significant investments in new roadway infrastructure as a method of reducing the
increase in seasonal traffic loads. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.59 - The Town will ensure that zoning regulations are made in accordance with the
Atlantic Beach Land Use Plan and designed to lessen congestion in the streets; to secure
safety from fire, panic, and other dangers; to promote health and the general welfare;
to provide adequate light and air; to prevent the overcrowding of land; to avoid undue
concentration of population; and to facilitate the adequate provision of transportation,
water, sewerage, schools, parks and other public requirements. The regulations shall be
made with reasonable consideration, among other things, as to the character of the
district and its peculiar suitability for particular uses, and with a view to conserving the
value of buildings and encouraging the most appropriate use of land in Atlantic Beach’s
planning jurisdiction. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

J. NATURAL HAZARD AREAS

1. Management Goal

The Town of Atlantic Beach will conserve and maintain its barrier dunes, beaches,
floodplains, storm surge areas, coastal wetlands, estuarine shorelines, and other coastal
features (refer to 15A NCAC 7H) for their natural protection features. Refer to the
Conservation policies and implementing actions on pages 175 to 178.
Town of Atlantic Beach 184 Core Land Use Plan
2. Planning Objective

The Town of Atlantic Beach will acknowledge and protect all natural hazard areas
in its review and approval of proposals for development, including redevelopment
activities.

3. Land Use Plan Requirements

The Town of Atlantic Beach recognizes that the protection of its natural hazard
areas is essential to the community’s public health, safety, welfare, and economic
stability. The following are Atlantic Beach’s policies/implementing actions for natural
hazard areas.

Policies

P.41 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports the protection of its natural hazard areas
which are defined in this plan and by 15A NCAC 7H. Please refer to the Conservation
policies on page 175.

P.42 - Atlantic Beach supports the relocation of structures endangered by erosion, if the
relocated structure will be in compliance with all applicable Federal, State, and local
policies and regulations.

P.43 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports its hazard mitigation plan which was adopted
in January 2005 (refer to page 144). The goals and mitigation implementation measures
that were developed as part of the plan are included as Appendix III. The land use plan
and the hazard mitigation plan should be consistent with one another. Should they ever
be inconsistent, the land use plan will take precedence.

P.44 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports beach renourishment efforts at least once
every eight to ten years. NOTE: Implementation of this policy is essential for the
following reasons, including protection of natural hazard areas:

■ Protection from land loss, due to erosion.
■ Elimination of the need for hardened/engineered erosion protection
structures, such as jetties and seawalls.
■ Increased public safety, due to protection of private property and roads
needed for use by emergency services in a storm/disaster event.
■ Recreational benefits, due to increased shoreline availability.
■ Increased business and tax revenues due to attractiveness and availability
of beachfront.
■ Enhanced property values.
Town of Atlantic Beach 185 Core Land Use Plan
■ Increased property tax revenues.
■ Job creation.
■ Improvement of habitat for sea turtles, shore birds, and shoreline
vegetation, if projects are properly designed.
■ Aesthetic benefits.

P.45 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports programs designed to foster development and
building practices that will minimize flood damage from storms and erosion.

P.46 - The Town of Atlantic Beach acknowledges and endorses the 404 wetlands permit
process as defined by the Corp of Engineers’ 1987 Manual for Wetlands Identification.

Implementing Actions

I.60 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will permit the redevelopment of developed areas
provided all applicable policies, regulations, and ordinances are complied with. All
redevelopment should be designed to withstand natural hazards. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.

I.61 - Atlantic Beach will continue to enforce its existing zoning and flood damage
prevention ordinances and follow the storm hazard mitigation plan. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.

I.62 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will support and implement the community rating
system which allows for reduced flood insurance rates. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.63 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will utilize the future land use map and its zoning
ordinance to control development. The land use map and any zoning changes will be
coordinated with the land suitability map (see Map 19, page 149). Schedule: Continuing
Activity.

I.64 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will continue to enforce its dune protection ordinance
(see page 143) and revise the ordinance when necessary to ensure continued
effectiveness. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.65 - To regulate development in natural hazard areas, the Town of Atlantic Beach will
support the densities indicated on the future land use map, page 197. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.

I.66 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will continue to enforce its Beach and Shoreline
Regulations and update them as necessary to ensure their continued effectiveness (see
page 137). Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Town of Atlantic Beach 186 Core Land Use Plan
I.67 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will support the implementing actions for sea level rise
contained in I.37, page 178. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

K. WATER QUALITY

1. Management Goal

In keeping with the Town of Atlantic Beach vision statement (see page 12), the
town will protect its environmental assets to preserve sound and ocean water quality.
This includes consideration of the waters in all coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, and
both natural and man-made drainage corridors.

2. Planning Objective

The Town of Atlantic Beach’s water quality planning objective is to adopt/enforce
implementing actions which will support the White Oak River Basin water quality
management plan and to maintain water quality and improve/eliminate impaired waters.

3. Land Use Plan Requirements

The following policies/implementing actions are intended to control nonpoint
discharges and to protect shellfishing waters. The reader should refer to I.15, floor area
ratio requirements, page 171; the conservation policies/implementing actions, page 175;
and the stormwater policies/implementing actions, page 178.

Policies

P.47 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports the goals of the White Oak River Basin Water
Quality Management Plan (see page 85).

P.48 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will oppose all aquaculture activities which will have
a negative impact on water quality.

P.49 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports the guidelines of the Coastal Area
Management Act and the efforts and programs of the NC Department of Environment and
Natural Resources, Division of Coastal Management and the Coastal Resources Commission
to protect/preserve the coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, estuarine shorelines, 404
wetlands, and public trust waters of the Town.

P.50 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports commercial and recreational fishing and will
cooperate with other local governments and state and federal agencies to control
pollution to improve water quality so that commercial and recreational fishing will
increase.
Town of Atlantic Beach 187 Core Land Use Plan
P.51 - The Town of Atlantic Beach recognizes the value of water quality maintenance to
the protection of fragile areas and supports the control of stormwater runoff to aid in the
preservation of water quality. The Town will support existing state regulations relating
to stormwater runoff resulting from development (Stormwater Disposal Policy 15 NCAC
2H.001-.1003 and CAMA rule 15A NCAC 7H.0205-.2008, see page 60). The Town also
supports development of more stringent impervious surface requirements based on
comments presented by DWQ to the CRC (see policy P.37, page 179).

P.52 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports the policy that all public and private projects
will be designed to limit stormwater runoff into coastal waters and areas of environmental
concern, see Map 9, page 63.

P.53 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports the following actions by the General Assembly
and the Governor:

■ Sufficient state funding should be appropriated to initiate a program of
incentives grants to address pollution of our rivers from both point sources
and nonpoint sources.

■ An ongoing source of state funding should be developed to provide
continuous support for an incentives grant program.

■ The decision-making process for the award of incentives grants should
involve river basin organizations representing local governments and other
interest groups in the review of all applications for state funding.

■ The ongoing effort of the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources to develop administrative rules implementing the White Oak
River Basin Management Strategy should continue to involve local
government officials in the development, review, and refinement of the
proposal.

Implementing Actions

I.68 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will require the preparation/approval of a water quality
control statement for all proposed developments. The statement will specifically define
how the following will be addressed:

■ Use watershed-based land use planning.
■ Protect sensitive natural areas, including coastal wetlands.
■ Establish buffer network.
■ Minimize impervious cover in site design.
Town of Atlantic Beach 188 Core Land Use Plan
■ Limit erosion during construction.
■ Maintain coastal growth measures.
■ Restoration of impaired waters.
■ Management of the cause and sources of pollution to ensure the protection
of those waters currently supporting their uses allowing for reasonable
economic growth.
■ Reduction of nutrients in Atlantic Beach waters.
■ Reduction of bacterial contamination sources to all waters.

This implementing action requirement will be addressed in the update of the Town’s
zoning and subdivision ordinances (I.31, page 176) and in the adoption of a stormwater
control ordinance (I.39, page 179). Schedule: Fiscal Year 2007-2008 and Fiscal Year 2008-
2009).

I.69 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will revise its zoning ordinance to regulate aquaculture
activities. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2007-2008.

I.70 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will revise its zoning ordinance to regulate mooring
fields(see pages 73-77 for definitions of mooring fields and floating homes). Schedule:
Fiscal Year 2007-2008.

I.71 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will review and amend the local zoning ordinance with
regard to underground chemical and gasoline storage regulations to ensure a minimum of
risk to local groundwater resources. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2007-2008.

I.72 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will continuously enforce, through the development and
zoning permit process, all current regulations of the NC State Building Code and NC
Division of Health Services relating to building construction and septic tank
installation/replacement in areas with soils restrictions. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.73 - Through its public awareness program (see I.32, page 176 and I.51, page 182) and
preparation of a stormwater control ordinance (see I.39, page 179), the Town of Atlantic
Beach will support the following water quality and water conservation related actions:

■ Avoid planting turf in areas that are hard to water such as steep inclines
and isolated strips along sidewalks and driveways.

■ Use the garbage disposal sparingly. Compost instead and save gallons
every time.

■ Plant during the spring and fall when the watering requirements are lower.
Town of Atlantic Beach 189 Core Land Use Plan
■ Use a layer of organic mulch around plants to reduce evaporation and save
hundreds of gallons of water a year.

■ Divide your watering cycle into shorter periods to reduce runoff and allow
for better absorption every time you water.

■ Only water your lawn when needed. You can tell this by simply walking
across your lawn. If you leave footprints, it is time to water.

■ Adjust your lawn mower to a higher setting. Longer grass shades root
systems and holds soil moisture better than a closely clipped lawn.

■ Use porous materials for walkways and patios to keep water in your yard
and prevent wasteful runoff.

■ Direct downspouts and other runoff towards shrubs and trees, or collect
and use for your garden.

■ Water your summer lawns once every three days and your winter lawn once
every five days.

■ Reduce the amount of grass in your yard by planting shrubs, and ground
cover with rock and granite mulching.

■ Don’t water your lawn on windy days. After all, sidewalks and driveways
don’t need water.

■ When watering grass on steep slopes, use a soaker hose to prevent
wasteful runoff.

■ While fertilizers promote plant growth, they also increase water
consumption. Apply the minimum amount of fertilizer needed.

■ Next time you add or replace a flower or shrub, choose a low water use
plant for year-round landscape color and save up to 550 gallons each year.

■ Landscape with Xeriscape trees, plants and groundcovers. Call your local
conservation office for more information about these water thrifty plants.

■ Water only as rapidly as the soil can absorb the water.
Town of Atlantic Beach 190 Core Land Use Plan
■ Aerate your lawn. Punch holes in your lawn about six inches apart so
water will reach the roots rather than run off the surface.

Schedule: Continuing Activity and implementing action I.39, page 179.

I.74 - The Town will consider revising its zoning ordinance to provide for parking
requirements for compact cards in larger developments (developments with 25 or more
spaces). Schedule: Fiscal Year 2007-2008.

L. LOCAL AREAS OF CONCERN

1. Management Goal

The Town of Atlantic Beach supports local concern policies/ implementing actions
which will strengthen the Town’s planning program and respond to the overall goals of
CAMA.

2. Planning Objective

The planning objective is to address local concern policies and implementing
actions which may not be specifically addressed in the CAMA Land Use Plan guidelines.

3. Land Use Plan Requirements

The following policies/implementing actions focus on areas of local concern to
specifically address cultural, historical, and scenic areas; economic development; general
health and human services needs; redevelopment; and funding options.

Policies - Cultural, Historical, and Scenic Areas

P.54 - The Town of Atlantic Beach does not have any nationally significant historic sites
within its jurisdiction, but it will strive to protect any discovered sites.

P.55 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will support preservation of the cultural significance
of “The Circle” area.

P.56 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will support preservation /protection of the Fort Macon
State Park.

P.57 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will support preservation/protection of the estuarine,
inlet, and ocean shoreline areas as valuable scenic assets.
Town of Atlantic Beach 191 Core Land Use Plan
P.58 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports the North Carolina Aquarium in Pine Knoll
Shores in their efforts to provide a regional and cultural destination.

Implementing Actions - Cultural, Historical, and Scenic Areas

I.75 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will emphasize the protection of scenic areas in the
update of its 1999 Public Access - Preliminary Recreation Assessment (see I.1). Schedule:
Fiscal Year 2008-2009.

I.76 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will guide/encourage development and redevelopment
to protect any historic properties identified within the Town. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.

I.77 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will coordinate all Town public works projects with the
NC Division of Archives and History to ensure the identification and preservation of
significant archaeological sites. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

Policies - Economic Development

P.59 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports the economic development efforts of the
Carteret County Tourism Development Authority.

P.60 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports redevelopment of “The Circle” area as
essential to the Town’s economic growth.

P.61 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports the following development/growth objectives
as crucial to effective economic development:

■ Supports feasibility studies relating to the development of a central sewer
collection and treatment system.
■ Protect maritime forest and dunes areas.
■ Maintain existing overall average residential density.
■ Redevelop deteriorated residential and commercial areas.
■ Maintain an adequate water supply.
■ Improve traffic flow, especially on NC 58.
■ Continuing regular, periodic deposit of dredge spoil projects in conjunction
with the Corps of Engineers.

Implementing Actions - Economic Development

I.78 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will review its zoning and subdivision ordinances and
revise, if necessary, to accommodate redevelopment of “The Circle” area. Schedule:
Fiscal Year 2007-2008.
Town of Atlantic Beach 192 Core Land Use Plan
I.79 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will support the activities of the NC Division of Travel
and Tourism. Specifically, the monitoring of tourism-related industry, efforts to promote
tourism-related commercial activity, and efforts to enhance and provide shoreline
resources. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.80 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will support mixed-use development through its zoning
ordinance. The ordinance will be reviewed and amended, as necessary, to support mixed-
use (residential/non-residential) development. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2007-2008.

I.81 - The Town of Atlantic Beach is receptive to state and federal programs, particularly
those which provide improvements to the Town. The Town will continue to support fully
such programs, especially the following: North Carolina Department of Transportation
road and bridge improvement programs, environmental protection, tourism, planning, the
US Army Corps of Engineers regulatory and permitting efforts, dredging and channel
maintenance by the US Army Corps of Engineers, the North Carolina shoreline access grant
program, flood insurance, and federal and state projects which provide efficient and safe
boat access for commercial and sport fishing. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.82 - The Town of Atlantic Beach considers tourism to be the cornerstone of its economy
and will implement the following to improve opportunities for tourism:

■ The Town will continue to support the activities of the Carteret County
Tourism Development Bureau and the North Carolina Division of Travel and
Tourism.

■ The Town’s development priorities and goals of environmental and
resource protection clearly state its strong desire to encourage and
promote tourism. This policy will be implemented through the network of
conservation-related policies contained in this plan.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.

Policies - General Health and Human Service Needs

P.62 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will support the development of the following
community facilities:

■ New municipal administration building/police department/fire station
complex as circumstances dictate.
■ Expansion of the town’s water system to include supply wells and storage
tanks.
■ Stormwater drainage facilities.
■ Construction of additional shoreline access facilities.
Town of Atlantic Beach 193 Core Land Use Plan
■ State and local transportation facilities, including roads.
■ Construction of general use year-round recreational facilities.
■ Extension of electrical utilities.

P.63 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will implement its Hazard Mitigation Plan to improve
public safety in the event of a natural disaster.

P.64 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports a comprehensive recreational program to
provide a broad range of recreation facilities for its citizens.

P.65 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will support waste recycling efforts.

P.66 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will continue to support a private contract for
collection of residential refuge and disposal of solid waste at the Tuscarora regional
landfill (see Section 6.A.11, page 162).

P.67 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports mutual aid in the form of Fire/EMS service
with Carteret County and area municipalities.

Implementing Actions - General Health and Human Services Needs

I.83 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will prepare a specific capital improvements plan (CIP)
with emphasis on services/facilities which will affect growth, development, and human
services needs. This will support policies P.61 to P.66. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2009-2010.

I.84 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will provide sufficient emergency services to all
residents by ensuring the implementation of the following:

(1) Require that all necessary infrastructure firefighting capability/capacity
be provided in new developments. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

(2) Continue to maintain an effective signage and addressing system for all
streets and roads. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.85 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will appoint a community appearance committee to
establish guidelines and procedures for community appearance awards and to address the
problem of litter on beaches and along roads. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2008-2009 and
Continuing.
Town of Atlantic Beach 194 Core Land Use Plan
I.86 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will selectively support state and federal programs
related to the Town’s general health and human services needs. The Town, through its
boards and committees, will monitor state and federal programs and regulations. It will
use opportunities as they are presented to voice support for or to disagree with programs
and regulations that are proposed by state and federal agencies. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.

I.87 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will, through its public information efforts, educate
people and businesses on waste reduction and recycling. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

Policies - Redevelopment

P.68 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will promote, foster, and encourage the redevelopment
of old, poorly designed and underutilized areas. Redevelopment is preferred and deemed
more important than development of currently undeveloped areas. Many developed areas
are in poor condition with poor road design, lack of vegetation, dilapidated housing,
mixed uses, etc.

P.69 - The Town of Atlantic Beach supports redevelopment of “The Circle” area.

Implementing Actions - Redevelopment

I.88 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will continue a program of strict enforcement of the
minimum code as a means to improve the quality of existing development. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.

I.89 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will take an active supervisory role in all future
redevelopment projects. All projects are required to consider the Town’s environmental
policies and to address the Town’s other public needs, especially its needs for a sound
street system and for public access to the beaches. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.90 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will allow the reconstruction of any structures
demolished by natural disaster or by other causes in accordance with all applicable
federal, state, and local regulations. Schedule: Continuing Activity.

I.91 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will consider, on a case-by-case basis, the expenditure
of local funds to acquire unbuildable lots in hazardous areas. Donations of such lots will
be accepted. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Town of Atlantic Beach 195 Core Land Use Plan
Policies - Funding Options

P.70 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will selectively support state and federal programs
related to the Town. The Town, through its boards and committees, will monitor state
and federal programs and regulations. It will use opportunities as they are presented to
voice support for or to disagree with programs and regulations that are proposed by state
and federal agencies.

Implementing Actions - Funding Options

I.92 - The Town of Atlantic Beach will continue to support state and federal programs that
are deemed necessary, cost-effective, and within the administrative and fiscal
capabilities of the Town. These include, but are not necessarily limited to:

(1) Emergency Medical Services
(2) Coastal Area Management Act, including shoreline access funds
(3) Small Business Association
(4) Economic Development Administration Funds
(5) Federal Emergency Management Program
(6) Parks and Recreation Trust Fund
(7) NC Clean Water Management Trust Fund
(8) NC Division of Water Quality Section 319
Schedule: Continuing Activity.

M. FUTURE LAND USE

1. Introduction

The future land use map (Map 20) depicts application of the policies for growth
and development and the desired future patterns of land use and land development. The
areas indicated as low suitability are not intended to prohibit development but are
intended to indicate areas where a more careful review of proposed development
should be undertaken. A more careful review could include additional steps because of
the nature of the area, i.e., requiring elevations if it is in a floodplain, ensuring wetlands
are protected. 15A NCAC 7B requires that the future land use map include the following:

■ Areas and locations planned for conservation or open space and a
description of compatible land uses and activities.
■ Areas and locations planned for future growth and development with
descriptions of the following characteristics:
■ Predominant and supporting land uses that are encouraged in each
area;
Town of Atlantic Beach 196 Core Land Use Plan
■ Overall density and development intensity planned for each area;
and
■ Infrastructure required to support planned development in each
area.
■ Land use which reflects existing and planned infrastructure.
■ Reflect the information depicted on the Composite Map of Environmental
Conditions (Map 12) and Map of Land Suitability Analysis (Map 19).

There may be areas on the Future Land Use Map that are considered least suitable
for development (resulting from the Environmental Composite Map - Map 12 and the Land
Suitability Analysis - Map 19) which have been assigned a Future Land Use category other
than Conservation/Open Space. In those cases, they are considered least suitable
because of their location in a floodplain, wetland area, or an Area of Environmental
Concern. For those undeveloped parcels in an AEC or with wetlands coverage, the Town
will make every effort to ensure that any development that occurs will be located outside
of the sensitive areas or that the negative impact to the environment is minimal, if any.
For those undeveloped parcels with all or portions located within a floodplain, the Town
will encourage the location of development on the portions outside of the floodplain,
including elevation.

The Town of Atlantic Beach Future Land Use Plan was drafted in consideration of
the following:

■ Preservation of existing residential neighborhoods.
■ Protection of environmental assets.
■ Limiting of potential land use conflicts.
■ Encouraging mixed-use, including entertainment uses.
■ Existing zoning land use patterns. However, the existing zoning ordinance
should be revised to support the land use densities indicated on the future
land use map.
■ Open access to the beach and sound areas.
■ Achieve/sustain a vibrant and diverse community.
■ Enhancement of Town services and infrastructure.
■ Encourage non-automobile transit improvements.

The future land use map delineates Atlantic Beach’s future land use districts.
These districts are defined in the following section.
Town of Atlantic Beach 198 Core Land Use Plan
2.Land Use Categories and Acreage
The future land use categories and acreages are provided in Table 40. The future
land use map depicts a desired pattern of land uses, which are generally consistent with
the Land Suitability Analysis. The land use categories have been coordinated with
Atlantic Beach’s zoning districts. The zoning districts specify allowable uses for each land
use category. Refer to the Town’s zoning ordinance for specific uses allowed in each
district. The land use categories are intrinsically tied to the policy section of this plan.
Table 40. Town of Atlantic Beach
Future Land Use Acreages
Future Land Use Categories Residential Density
Corresponding Existing
Zoning Districts Acres
Conservation/Open Space 1 unit per acre RSC 296.57
Mixed-Use Commercial 8-50 units per acre CIR, COR, CPY 101.99
Mixed-Use Residential 8-21 units per acre MHI, MUN 450.20
Residential - Low Density 7-8 units per acre RSN, RSW, RSM 403.95
Residential - Medium Density 8-12 units per acre RSD 43.77
Residential - High Density 8-12 units per acre RMF 29.55
Right-of-way 175.7
Water/Marsh/Dunes 191.57
Total 1693.3
*The CIR district is limited in area, but can allow up to 50 residential units per acre.
The descriptions of each zoning district specified for each land use category are
provided on pages 139 and 140. The following summarizes land use categories by type
and the corresponding zoning district(s).
a.Conservation
The Conservation designation is located on the north side of the island in
areas of environmental concern. The designation is intended to be used for the
protection and preservation of these environmentally sensitive lands through
minimizing development potential.
Corresponding zoning districts: RSC
Town of Atlantic Beach 199 Core Land Use Plan
Permitted uses: Single-family detached dwellings and group homes.

Not permitted uses: All uses not listed above

Allowable density: One unit per acre
Maximum height: 45 feet
Minimum lot size: 1 acre
Maximum lot coverage: 10%
b. Mixed Use - Commercial

Commercial land uses in Atlantic Beach are primarily located along the
Atlantic Beach Causeway and Fort Macon Drive. The majority of future
commercial development will be part of a mixed use initiative and be located
along Atlantic Beach Causeway and on West Fort Macon Road for approximately
five blocks west of the Causeway and on East Fort Macon Road for approximately
two blocks east of the Causeway.

Corresponding zoning districts:

CIR, COR, CPY

Permitted uses: Nearly all types of residential, institutional, commercial, and
industrial uses. Note: Not all uses listed above are permissible in all three
zoning districts.

Not permitted uses: Manufactured homes or manufactured home parks,
townhouses, and recreational vehicle parks.

Allowable densities:
COR – Single family – 8 units per acre
Multi-family – 17 units per acre
CIR – 50 units per acre
CPY – 8 units per acre

Maximum height: COR and CPY – 55 feet
CIR – 45 feet to 185 feet

Minimum lot size: –
COR – Single family – 6,000 s.f. per unit
Multi-family – 2,500 s.f. per unit
All other uses – None
Town of Atlantic Beach 200 Core Land Use Plan
CIR and CPY – None

Maximum lot coverage:
CPY and COR – 75%
CIR – 40% without stormwater management system, no
maximum lot coverage when stormwater management
system meeting current standards is present

c. Mixed Use - Residential

Mixed Use - Residential is located predominantly along the frontage of
Fort Macon Road.

Corresponding zoning districts:
MUN, MHI

Permitted uses: All types of residential uses, some institutional uses like day
cares and parks, and some commercial uses like marinas and hotels. Note: Not
all uses listed above are permissible in both zoning districts.

Not permitted uses: Industrial uses and high impact commercial establishments
such as strip retail development.

Allowable densities:
Single family – 8 units per acre
Multi-family – 21 units per acre

Maximum height:
MUN – 45 feet
MHI – 55 feet

Minimum lot size: –
Single family – 5,000 s.f. per unit
Multi-family – 2,000 s.f. per unit
All other uses – 10,000 s.f.
Maximum lot coverage: May not exceed 40%

d. Residential

Residential land uses have been divided into three separate land use
categories based on associated variable residential densities. These categories
Town of Atlantic Beach 201 Core Land Use Plan
include high, medium, and low density residential. The location of residential
land uses by density was based on existing residential development patterns and
constraints to development (i.e., floodplains and wetlands).

i. High Density Residential

Corresponding zoning districts: RMF

Permitted uses: Single and multi-family residences, utilities,
and parks/open spaces.

Not permitted uses: Industrial uses

Allowable densities: Single-family - 8units/acre
Multi-family - 12units/acre

Maximum height: 45 feet

Minimum lot size:
Single family – 5,000 s.f. per unit
Multi-family – 3,600 s.f. per unit

Maximum lot coverage: May not exceed 40%.

ii. Medium Density Residential
Corresponding zoning districts: RSD
Permitted uses: Single family and duplex residential uses
Not permitted uses: All non-residential development and
residential development with more than two units
Allowable densities: Single family - 8units/acre
Multi-family - 12units/acre

Maximum height: 45 feet

Minimum lot size: Single family – 5,000 s.f.
Duplex – 7,200 s.f.

Maximum lot coverage: May not exceed 40%

Town of Atlantic Beach 202 Core Land Use Plan
iii. Low Density Residential

Corresponding zoning districts:
RSN, RSW, RSM

Permitted uses: Single-family detached residences and
manufactured homes. Note: Not all uses listed above are
permissible in all zoning districts.

Not permitted uses: All non-residential uses and residential uses
with more than one unit

Allowable densities:
RSW – 7 units per acre
RSN and RSM – 8 units per acre

Maximum height: 45 feet

Minimum lot size:
RSW Single family – 6,000 s.f.
All other uses – 12,000 s.f.
RSN Single family – 5,000 s.f.
& RSM All other uses – 10,000 s.f.

Maximum lot coverage: May not exceed 40%

Notes related to zoning district requirements listed above:

(1) Maximum lot coverage as noted above assumes that a given property owner will
develop an on-site stormwater management system which will manage the first
two inches of precipitation for a given rain event.

(2) Developments that will incorporate greater than five units in a single structure
and/or two or more buildings on a single lot will require Major Site Plan
approval.

(3) The minimum lot size requirements listed above are based on an Ordinance
adopted October 23, 2017.

(4) Maximum building height listed above is for usable heated square footage only.
Proposed developments may incorporate an additional five feet to a respective
structure’s maximum building height for the addition of ornamental elements.
This additional five feet may not be usable square footage.
Town of Atlantic Beach 203 Core Land Use Plan
e. Least Suitable Land Overlay

The Future Land Use Map (Map 20, page 197) includes a least suitable land
overlay. These areas parallel the areas that are least suitable as identified during
the land suitability analysis (Map 19, page 149). Development of any areas located
within the overlay should be sensitive to protection of the environmentally
sensitive areas. These areas may have additional regulations for development, if
development is allowed.

f. Overlay Districts

Guidelines for development of Cottage Overlay Districts are as follows:

■ Promote renovation of existing structures.

■ Establish Zoning Ordinance language to grandfather existing
building footprints or lot coverage if a property owner
renovates/expands a structure. This policy will apply even if the
cost of improvements exceeds 50% of the structures fair market
value.

■ In the event a structure is removed from a lot, setback, lot
coverage, and building height regulations of the underlying zoning
district will apply.

areas:
The future land use map identifies the following Cottage Overlay district

District Acreage

Club Colony District 21.496
Money Island District 19.357
Old Atlantic Beach East 23.856
Old Atlantic Beach West 30.623
Total 95.332

The identified acreages are included in the land use acreages specified in
Table 40. All of the Cottage Districts are located in residential land use
categories. The Cottage Districts are not specified in the Town of Atlantic Beach
zoning ordinance. These areas are not designated historic districts. However, the
character, building scale, and architectural style reflect “old Atlantic Beach.” It
is the Town’s intent to preserve the scale/appearance of these areas. To
accomplish this, revisions to the Town’s zoning and subdivision ordinances may be
Town of Atlantic Beach 204 Core Land Use Plan
required. Potential revisions will be considered during the Fiscal Year 2007-2008
update of the Town’s zoning and subdivision ordinances.

The future land use map emphasizes mixed-use development. Such
development is considered essential to the redevelopment which is expected to
occur in Atlantic Beach. The desired mix of residential and non-residential use are
specified for the mixed-use land use categories in Table 40. Approximately 141.25
acres, or 8.6%, of Atlantic Beach’s total area is delineated for mixed-use
development. NOTE: the specified mix of uses is an objective. To accomplish
the mixed-use objectives, revision to the Town’s zoning and subdivision
ordinances will be required in Fiscal Year 2007-2008.

g. Urban Waterfront Overlay District

The Town of Atlantic Beach will seek urban waterfront designation under
15A NCAC 7H.0209, Urban Waterfronts, for the Atlantic Beach Causeway
subsequent to certification of this plan by the Coastal Resources Commission
(CRC).

h. Land Use Compatibility Matrix

Each of the land use categories is supported by zoning districts contained
in the Town’s existing Zoning Ordinance. Table 41 provides a comparison of the
land use categories and the Town’s existing zoning districts. The reader is
cautioned that this is an “overview” and detailed analysis must be based on
careful review of the Zoning Ordinance. The existing Zoning Ordinance must be
revised to coincide with some of this information.

Table 41. Future Land Use Plan Compatibility Matrix
Consistency Review of Future Land Use Map Designations and Existing Zoning Districts

Zoning Districts RSC CIR CPY COR MHI MUN RMF RSD RSN RSW RSM
Min. Lot Size (SF) 1 acre None None Note 1 Note 3 Note 3 Note 2 Note 2 5,000 6,000 5,000
Max. Bldg. Height (ft.) 45 45-185 55 55 55 45 45 45 45 45 45
Max. Lot Coverage (%) 10% Note 4 75% 75% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40%

Designations/Average Density
(du per acre)

Mixed Use-Commercial/8-50 x g g g x x x x x x x
Mixed Use-Residential/8-12 x c x g g g x x x x x
High Density Residential/8-12 x g x g g g g c x x x
Med. Density Residential/8-12 x c x g x x c g x x x
Low Density Residential/7-8 x x x g x x x x g g g
Conservation/1 g x x g x x x x x x x

g = generally consistent; c = conditionally consistent; x = inconsistent

Note 1:Single family = 6000sf/unit, Multi-family = 2,500sf, All other uses = no minimum lot size
Note 2: Single family = 5000sf/unit, Multi-family = 3,600sf
Note 3: Single family = 5000sf/unit, Multi-family = 2,000sf, All other uses = 10,000sf
Note 4: 40% without stormwater management system, no maximum lot coverage when stormwater management system meeting
current standards is present

Town of Atlantic Beach 205 Core Land Use Plan
Town of Atlantic Beach 206 Core Land Use Plan
3. Land Demand Forecast and Infrastructure Carrying Capacity

The Town of Atlantic Beach faces many obstacles with respect to future growth
and development throughout its jurisdiction. The town does not currently have much
buildable vacant land remaining; however, large scale redevelopment projects are either
in the planning stage, or being discussed. The most substantial redevelopment effort will
take place within the “Circle District” (see Map 15), and has been established as a special
district within the town’s existing zoning ordinance. Redevelopment of this area is still
in the planning stages, and it is still unclear as to how this area will be developed with
respect to land use. On the Future Land Use Map, this area has been shown as Mixed Use
Commercial. The “Circle” at Atlantic Beach has traditionally served as the civic and
cultural center for the Town. For this purpose, the Circle Development District is
designed to re-establish and preserve the area as the primary civic, retail, office,
institutional, cultural and entertainment center for the community.

One of the primary concerns of Atlantic Beach citizens with respect to land use is
to either maintain existing densities or reduce density where possible. Establishing a
solution to this concern is difficult due to the fact that the town is nearly built out. Based
on data established through the Existing Land Use Map (Map 14, page 96), there are
currently 466 vacant acres of land within the town’s corporate limits, comprising
approximately 35% of its total jurisdiction. Based on the districts outlined on the Future
Land Use Map (Map 20, page 197), approximately 314 (67.4%) of these acres are
designated as Conservation/Open Space. This leaves only 152 acres of vacant buildable
land within the town for future development.

The vacant land that does remain within Atlantic Beach falls entirely within two
distinct future land use districts: Low Density Residential (7-8 units per acre) and Medium
Density Residential (8-12 units per acre). The densities outlined for these districts are to
be interpreted as minimum and maximum allowable densities. For the purposes of this
plan, the town would like to maintain an average single-family residential density of
approximately five units per acre. The town is fully aware of the problems that existing
residential density have generated with respect to water quality. These concerns have
been documented within the existing community facilities (sewer system) and water
quality sections of the plan. Although it is nearly impossible to rectify densities with
respect to existing properties, the town can aim to reduce density on the development
of new properties, as well within substantial redevelopment projects.

At this time, the town is issuing an average of approximately 20 single-family
residential building permits annually dating back to fiscal year 2000. At this rate, the
town can expect to see an increase of 100 housing units every five years throughout the
infrastructure planning period horizon of 2025. Through 2025 that would result in 400
additional housing units. In an effort to maintain a reasonable density, if you assume an
average single-family housing density of five units per acre, as noted above, there is
enough vacant land remaining within town to support the construction of approximately
Town of Atlantic Beach 207 Core Land Use Plan
758 additional single-family homes, in excess of the 400 estimated based on historical
building permit activity.

Due to the high likelihood for redevelopment, the infrastructure carrying capacity
discussion has been based on three primary factors: existing conditions (see Existing Land
Use Map, Map 14); future development (single-family residential construction); and
redevelopment (“Circle District” and redevelopment of existing mobile home and mobile
home park properties). It is assumed based on current market demand that all mobile
homes, whether stand alone or within a mobile home park, will be redeveloped during the
planning period (2025). Based on the factors outlined above, Table 42 below has been
included to establish an estimated number of residential and nonresidential units that can
be expected upon build out of Atlantic Beach. It is difficult at this time to determine
what and how portions of the town will be redeveloped, outside of the “Circle District”
and mobile home park areas. The most significant factor currently acting as an
impediment to development is the lack of a central sewer system. The town has
struggled with this issue for years, and the current situation is discussed in both the
existing community facilities and future demands section of the plan.

Table 42
Estimated Build Out Acreage*(Through 2025)

Land Use

Existing
Units

Redevelopment
Units
New
Construction
Units

Total Units**
Average
Units Per
acre
Mobile Homes 242 0 0 242 N/A
Residential 3,563 513*** 400 4,476 5
Commercial/
Mixed Use
176 545**** 0 721 50****
Office &
Institutional
8

8 0 8 N/A
Total 3,989 1,058 400 5,447 N/A

*Only land use units (structures) that will have an impact on infrastructure carrying capacity have been
included.
**Total Units does not include redeveloped mobile homes.
***This figure assumes total redevelopment of all mobile home properties to single-family homes or medium
density multi-family units at an average density of five units per acre. This will result in an increase of 513
new residential units based on a total acreage of 151.1 currently occupied by either individual mobile homes
or mobile home parks.
****This figure is based on the redevelopment of the town’s established “Circle District”. This district is 10.9
acres in size, and therefore, proposed units (545) have been based on the maximum allowable units for this
future land use district as currently established in the Town’s Circle Development District Ordinance. It is
anticipated that development within this area will be utilized to the maximum density allowed, pending
approval of an on-site wastewater treatment system that will support the development. The maximum
allowable density within this district is 50 units/acre. The 545 units will be considered mixed use/commercial
for the purposes of the infrastructure forecast listed above. This forecast is based on the maximum allowable
density and it is not anticipated that maximum will be achieved. The number of units permitted within the
CDD varies depending on a respective property’s square footage and maximum building height. For a
determination on density for a specific property, refer to the Town’s Circle Development District Ordinance.
At this time, it is difficult to determine how many units will be residential versus non-residential; therefore,
the average daily water use/wastewater treatment capacity will be based on commercial development.
*****This acreage figure includes the Mixed Use Residential district as indicated on the Future Land Use Map.
Town of Atlantic Beach 208 Core Land Use Plan
a. Water System

As discussed earlier in the plan, Atlantic Beach’s water system capacity is
currently 2.5 million gallons per day. Utilization of this capacity fluctuates substantially
due to seasonal population fluctuations. During the slow season (winter months), the
average daily water usage is approximately 482,000 gallons per day (GPD), while during
peak summer months water usage reaches as high as 1,645,000 GPD. During summer
months the town’s water system operates at approximately 65.8% of total capacity. In
order to assess what impact new development and redevelopment will have on available
system capacity, estimates of increased demand based on Table 42 above have been
compiled. These estimates have been based on average daily usage estimate for various
land uses as established by the American Water Works Association (AWWA). Estimated
average daily usage rates are as follows:
Water System Average Daily Usage Rates(Gallons Per Day)
Residential: 170
Non Residential: 100
Based on these estimates, the town can expect to see the following
increases in water system capacity demand due to the land use forecast outlined in
Table 42 above.

Type of Development Increased Units Increased Demand (GPD)
New Residential Units 913 155,210
New Nonresidential Units 545 54,500
Total 209,710

According to this table, assuming buildout based on the criteria outlined
above, the town can expect to see an increase in water system demand of 209,710 GPD.
This would result in a total of approximately 1,854,710 GPD demand during peak summer
months. Under this scenario, 74.2% of the town’s water system will be utilized, leaving
nearly 30% of overall plant capacity to account for additional redevelopment efforts.

b. Sewer System

As has been discussed throughout this plan, the Town of Atlantic Beach is
well aware of its problems related to wastewater treatment. At this time, the town is
still researching its options with respect to establishing town-wide central sewer service.
Until an alternative is identified, the town will continue to rely on both private septic
systems, and on-site wastewater treatment system (package plants). The town will
continue to work with both the Carteret County Health Department and NC DENR to
Town of Atlantic Beach 209 Core Land Use Plan
ensure that failing systems are kept to a minimum. If the town were to establish a town-
wide sewer system, it estimated that this system’s capacity should at a minimum be 2.0
million gallons per day. The American Water Works Association states that approximately
95% of a given jurisdictions’ potable water supply gets channeled through the wastewater
treatment plant. Assuming the water demand estimates outlined above, it would at least
require 2.0 million GPD to support the town at buildout; however, the town should aim
to establish capacity between 2.5 and 3 million gallons per day assuming permits for the
system can be secured. This will assist in assuring that demand due to redevelopment
efforts will be met. It is anticipated that if central sewer system were to be established
land values would increase drastically, requiring redevelopment to take place at higher
densities.
Town of Atlantic Beach 210 Core Land Use Plan
SECTION 7. TOOLS FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT

A. GUIDE FOR LAND USE DECISION MAKING

This plan is expected to be an integral part of the Town of Atlantic Beach’s decision
making process concerning future land use. This document should be consulted prior to
any decision being made by the Atlantic Beach staff, Planning Board, and/or Town Council
concerning land use and development.

The intent of this decision making process is defined by the following excerpt from 15A
NCAC 7B:

“Land development generally takes place as the result of a series of decisions by
private individuals and government. If left entirely to chance, the resulting
pattern of development in a locality may not be in the best interest of the overall
community. In order to promote community interest for both present and future
generations, a Land Use Plan shall be developed, adopted, and kept current by
local governments in the coastal area. The Land Use Plan is a framework that
guides local leaders as they make decisions affecting development. Businesses,
investors, new residents, and other private individuals, as well as other levels of
government, also use the plan to guide their land use decisions. Use of the plan
by these groups leads to more efficient and economical provision of public
services, protection of natural resources, sound economic development, and
protection of public health and safety.”

B. EXISTING DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

The Town of Atlantic Beach existing development program is summarized in Section 5.E,
Current Plans, Policies, and Regulations (page 122). These documents have been
implemented by the Town of Atlantic Beach and have provided the foundation for the
Town’s planning program.

C. ADDITIONAL TOOLS

The Town of Atlantic Beach will utilize the following additional tools to implement this
plan:

■ Conduct annual training sessions for the Town of Atlantic Beach Planning Board
and Board of Adjustment.

■ The Planning Department staff, in concert with the Planning Board, shall prepare
an annual report assessing the effectiveness of plan implementation. This report
shall be presented to the Town Council.
Town of Atlantic Beach 211 Core Land Use Plan

■ At a minimum, update the Land Use Plan and implementation process every six to
seven years.

■ In Fiscal Year 2007-2008, revise the Town’s zoning and subdivision ordinances to
support the policies and implementing actions contained in this plan.

■ The Town of Atlantic Beach will, at least annually, conduct a joint meeting of the
Town Council and the Planning Board to identify planning issues/needs.

■ Amendment or adjustment to existing development codes and adoption of new
ordinances are specified in the policies and implementing actions section of this
plan. This includes adoption of a Capital Improvements Plan.

D. LAND USE PLAN AMENDMENTS

At which time the Town of Atlantic Beach CAMA Core Land Use Plan needs to be amended,
the Town will apply the guidelines for Land Use Plan Amendments under Subchapter 7B,
Section 0.400 of the North Carolina Administrative Code. A brief summary of the
amendment process is provided below.

■ The Land Use Plan may be amended and only the amended portions will be
submitted to the CRC. If half or more of the policies are amended, a new locally
adopted plan will be submitted to the CRC.

■ The Town must hold a public hearing of which the public has been properly
notified.

■ Copies of the proposed amendment(s) must be available for review at the Town’s
Planning Department during designated hours.

■ The Executive Secretary or a designated agent of the Coastal Resources
Commission shall be give notice of the public hearing, a copy of the proposed
amendment(s), and a reason for the amendment(s) no less than 30 days prior to
the public hearing. After the public hearing, the local government shall provide
the Executive Secretary or her/his designee with a copy of the locally adopted
amendment no earlier than 45 days and no later than 30 days prior to the next
CRC meeting for CRC certification.

■ Amendments must be consistent with the Coastal Resources Commission’s Land
Use Planning Guidelines (15A NCAC 7B) and, if possible, with the Land Use Plans
of adjacent jurisdictions. The local resolution of adoption shall include findings
Town of Atlantic Beach 212 Core Land Use Plan
which demonstrate that amendments to policy statements or to the Future Land
Use Plan Map have been evaluated for their consistency with other existing
policies.

■ If possible, the Town will adopt the plan amendments expeditiously following the
close of the public hearing.

■ All amendments to the text or maps shall be incorporated in context in all
available copies of the plan and shall be dated to indicate the dates of local
adoption and CRC certification.

■ The Town shall provide one copy of the amendment to each jurisdiction with
which it shares a border and Carteret County within 90 days of certification.

■ The Town will provide the Executive Secretary of the Coastal Resources
Commission with a copy of the amended text or maps, and certification of
adoption within seven (7) days of adoption.

E. ACTION PLAN/SCHEDULE

1. Citizen Participation

For the preparation of this plan, the Town of Atlantic Beach adopted a citizen
participation plan on September 20, 2004. A copy of that plan is included as Appendix I.
Following adoption of this plan, the Town of Atlantic Beach will implement the following
to ensure adequate citizen participation:

■ The Town will encourage public participation in all land use decisions and
procedure development processes and encourage citizen input via its
boards and commissions.

■ The Town of Atlantic Beach will advertise all meetings of the Town’s
Planning Board and Board of Adjustment through newspaper
advertisements and public service announcements.

■ All Planning Department activities will be outlined on the town’s web-site.
The site will include this plan.

■ Ensure that the membership of all planning related and ad hoc advisory
committees has a broad cross section of Atlantic Beach’s citizenry.
Town of Atlantic Beach 213 Core Land Use Plan
2. Action Plan/Schedule

The following describes the priority actions that will be taken by the Town of
Atlantic Beach to implement this CAMA Core Land Use Plan and the fiscal year(s) in which
each action is anticipated to begin and end. This action plan will be used to prepare the
implementation status report for the CAMA Land Use Plan.

Policy References

Implementing Actions
Schedule
Begin End
P.1 - P.6 The Town of Atlantic Beach will update its 1999 Public
Access - Preliminary Recreation Assessment and request
Division of Coastal Management funding for the preparation
of the plan.
FY2008 FY2009
P.1 - P.6 The town will prepare a map for public distribution which
clearly indicates the location of all shoreline access sites
and associated public parking. Copies of the map will be
placed in local businesses for distribution.
FY2008 FY2009
P.7 - P.12
P.13 - P.21
P.22 - P.33
P.38 - P.40
P.47 - P.53
P.59 - P.61
Atlantic Beach will review its zoning and subdivision
ordinances to ensure consistency with the recommendations
included in this plan.
FY2007 FY2008
P.22 - P.33 The Town of Atlantic Beach will review and strengthen its
dune protection ordinance.
FY2008 FY2009
P.34 - P.37
P.47 - P.53
The Town of Atlantic Beach will adopt a local stormwater
control ordinance.
FY2008 FY2009
P.38 - P.40 The Town of Atlantic Beach will promote water saving
devices and incorporate appropriate modifications to its
existing water rate structure.
FY2008 FY2009
P.38 - P.40 The Town of Atlantic Beach will pursue NC Department of
Transportation Bicycle and Pedestrian Planning Grant Funds
to develop a comprehensive pedestrian/bicycle plan.
FY2009 FY2010
P.54 - P.58 The Town of Atlantic Beach will emphasize the protection of
scenic areas in the update of its 1999 Public Access -
Preliminary Recreation Assessment.
FY2008 FY2009
P.62 - P.67 The Town of Atlantic Beach will prepare a specific capital
improvements plan (CIP) with emphasis on services/facilities
which will affect growth, development, and human services
needs.
FY2009 FY2010
P.62 - P.67 The Town of Atlantic Beach will appoint a community
appearance committee to establish guidelines and
procedures for community appearance awards and to
address the problem of litter on beaches and along roads.
FY2008 FY2009
Town of Atlantic Beach 214 Core Land Use Plan
F. RESOURCE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN/POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE
IMPACTS ON LAND USE PLAN POLICIES

The Town of Atlantic Beach believes that the policies, management goals, planning
objectives, and land use plan requirements contained in this document will have positive
impacts for the Town. However, the following could have some negative impacts:

■ Infrastructure improvements which may extend through sensitive environmental
areas.

■ Potential infringement of growth on sensitive areas.

■ Increased stormwater runoff.

■ Overall impact of growth on the capacity of Atlantic Beach’s facilities.

The management objectives, policies, and implementing actions address the issues
associated with these possible negative impacts. Mitigating policies are stated in the
conservation policies, page 175; stormwater control policies, page 178; infrastructure
carrying capacity policies, page 181; and water quality policies, page 186.

Table 43 provides an analysis matrix which summarizes this plan’s policies and identifies
them as beneficial, neutral, or detrimental.
Town of Atlantic Beach 215 Core Land Use Plan

Table 43
Town of Atlantic Beach
Policy Analysis Matrix – Land Use Plan Management Topics

Management Topics
Policy Benchmarks – Indicate whether policy beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D)

Public Access

Land Use Compatibility
Infrastructure Carrying
Capacity

Natural Hazards

Water Quality

Local Concerns

Land Use and
Development Policies
• more planned access
locations
• upgrades to existing
access locations
• increase pedestrian
access
• comply with state access
standards to enhance
opportunities for state
funding
• reduction in habitat
loss and fragmentation
related to impacts of
land use and
development
• reduction of water
resource and water
quality degradation
• balance growth demands
with protection of the
environment
• water, sewer, and other key
community facilities and
services being available in
required locations at
adequate capacities to
support planned community
growth and development
patterns
• during construction of
infrastructure systems,
AECs and other fragile
areas should be protected
• transportation improvements
should support the efficiency
of traffic flow and pedestrian
safety
• land uses and
development patterns
that reduce vulnerability
to natural hazards
• land uses and
development patterns
that take into account
the existing and planned
capacity of evacuation
infrastructure
• minimize development
in floodplains, AECs,
wetlands, and other
fragile areas
• land use and
development criteria
and measures that
abate impacts that
degrade water quality
• coordinate water
quality efforts with
Carteret County
• preservation of
cultural, historic,
and scenic areas
• support of economic
development
• development of
human resources
• preservation of the
town’s rural
character
• decrease residential
density within town
Public Access:
P.1

B

B

N

N

N

B
P.2 B B N N N B
P.3 B N N N N B
P.4 B N N N N B
P.5 B B N N N B
P.6 B N N N N B
Land Use Compatibility:
P.7

N

B

B

N

N

B
P.8 N B B N N B
P.9 N B B N B B
P.10 B N B N B B
P.11 N B B N B B
P.12 N B N B B N
P.13 N B N B B B
Town of Atlantic Beach 216 Core Land Use Plan

Table 43 (continued)

Management Topics
Policy Benchmarks – Indicate whether policy beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D)

Public Access

Land Use Compatibility
Infrastructure Carrying
Capacity

Natural Hazards

Water Quality

Local Concerns

Land Use and
Development Policies
• more planned access
locations
• upgrades to existing
access locations
• increase pedestrian
access
• comply with state access
standards to enhance
opportunities for state
funding
• reduction in habitat
loss and fragmentation
related to impacts of
land use and
development
• reduction of water
resource and water
quality degradation
• balance growth demands
with protection of the
environment
• water, sewer, and other key
community facilities and
services being available in
required locations at
adequate capacities to
support planned community
growth and development
patterns
• during construction of
infrastructure systems,
AECs and other fragile
areas should be protected
• transportation improvements
should support the efficiency
of traffic flow and pedestrian
safety
• land uses and
development patterns
that reduce vulnerability
to natural hazards
• land uses and
development patterns
that take into account
the existing and planned
capacity of evacuation
infrastructure
• minimize development
in floodplains, AECs,
wetlands, and other
fragile areas
• land use and
development criteria
and measures that
abate impacts that
degrade water quality
• coordinate water
quality efforts with
Carteret County
• preservation of
cultural, historic,
and scenic areas
• support of economic
development
• development of
human resources
• preservation of the
town’s rural
character
• decrease residential
density within town
P.14 B N N N B B
P.15 N B N N B B
P.16 N N N B B B
P.17 N N N D N N
P.18 N B N N N B
P.19 N N N N B B
P.20 N N B B B B
P.21 N N N N D B
P.22 N B N N B B
P.23 B N N N B B
P.24 B N N B B B
P.25 B B B B B B
P.26 B B N N B B
P.27 N N N N B B
P.28 B B B B B B
P.29 B N N D D B
Town of Atlantic Beach 217 Core Land Use Plan

Table 43 (continued)

Management Topics
Policy Benchmarks – Indicate whether policy beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D)

Public Access

Land Use Compatibility
Infrastructure Carrying
Capacity

Natural Hazards

Water Quality

Local Concerns

Land Use and
Development Policies
• more planned access
locations
• upgrades to existing
access locations
• increase pedestrian
access
• comply with state access
standards to enhance
opportunities for state
funding
• reduction in habitat
loss and fragmentation
related to impacts of
land use and
development
• reduction of water
resource and water
quality degradation
• balance growth demands
with protection of the
environment
• water, sewer, and other key
community facilities and
services being available in
required locations at
adequate capacities to
support planned community
growth and development
patterns
• during construction of
infrastructure systems,
AECs and other fragile
areas should be protected
• transportation improvements
should support the efficiency
of traffic flow and pedestrian
safety
• land uses and
development patterns
that reduce vulnerability
to natural hazards
• land uses and
development patterns
that take into account
the existing and planned
capacity of evacuation
infrastructure
• minimize development
in floodplains, AECs,
wetlands, and other
fragile areas
• land use and
development criteria
and measures that
abate impacts that
degrade water quality
• coordinate water
quality efforts with
Carteret County
• preservation of
cultural, historic,
and scenic areas
• support of economic
development
• development of
human resources
• preservation of the
town’s rural
character
• decrease residential
density within town
P.30 B B N B B N
P.31 N N N D N B
P.32 B B N N B B
P.33 N N B N B B
P.34 N B N B B B
P.35 B N N N B B
P.36 N N B B B B
P.37 N N B B B B
Infrastructure Carrying
Capacity:
P.38

N

B

B

N

B

B
P.39 N B B N N B
P.40 B B B N N B
Natural Hazards:
P.41

B

B

N

B

N

B
P.42 N B N B N B
P.43 N B B B N B
Town of Atlantic Beach 218 Core Land Use Plan

Table 43 (continued)

Management Topics
Policy Benchmarks – Indicate whether policy beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D)

Public Access

Land Use Compatibility
Infrastructure Carrying
Capacity

Natural Hazards

Water Quality

Local Concerns

Land Use and
Development Policies
• more planned access
locations
• upgrades to existing
access locations
• increase pedestrian
access
• comply with state access
standards to enhance
opportunities for state
funding
• reduction in habitat
loss and fragmentation
related to impacts of
land use and
development
• reduction of water
resource and water
quality degradation
• balance growth demands
with protection of the
environment
• water, sewer, and other key
community facilities and
services being available in
required locations at
adequate capacities to
support planned community
growth and development
patterns
• during construction of
infrastructure systems,
AECs and other fragile
areas should be protected
• transportation improvements
should support the efficiency
of traffic flow and pedestrian
safety
• land uses and
development patterns
that reduce vulnerability
to natural hazards
• land uses and
development patterns
that take into account
the existing and planned
capacity of evacuation
infrastructure
• minimize development
in floodplains, AECs,
wetlands, and other
fragile areas
• land use and
development criteria
and measures that
abate impacts that
degrade water quality
• coordinate water
quality efforts with
Carteret County
• preservation of
cultural, historic,
and scenic areas
• support of economic
development
• development of
human resources
• preservation of the
town’s rural
character
• decrease residential
density within town
P.44 B B B B B B
P.45 N B B B N B
P.46 N B N B B B
Water Quality:
P.47

N

B

N

B

B

B
P.48 N B N B B B
P.49 N B N B B B
P.50 N B N B B B
P.51 N B B B B B
P.52 N B N B B B
P.53 N B N B B B
Local Concerns:
P.54

B

N

N

N

B

B
P.55 B N B B N B
P.56 B N B N N B
P.57 B B N N B B
P.58 B N N N N B
Town of Atlantic Beach 219 Core Land Use Plan

Table 43 (continued)

Management Topics
Policy Benchmarks – Indicate whether policy beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D)

Public Access

Land Use Compatibility
Infrastructure Carrying
Capacity

Natural Hazards

Water Quality

Local Concerns

Land Use and
Development Policies
• more planned access
locations
• upgrades to existing
access locations
• increase pedestrian
access
• comply with state access
standards to enhance
opportunities for state
funding
• reduction in habitat
loss and fragmentation
related to impacts of
land use and
development
• reduction of water
resource and water
quality degradation
• balance growth demands
with protection of the
environment
• water, sewer, and other key
community facilities and
services being available in
required locations at
adequate capacities to
support planned community
growth and development
patterns
• during construction of
infrastructure systems,
AECs and other fragile
areas should be protected
• transportation improvements
should support the efficiency
of traffic flow and pedestrian
safety
• land uses and
development patterns
that reduce vulnerability
to natural hazards
• land uses and
development patterns
that take into account
the existing and planned
capacity of evacuation
infrastructure
• minimize development
in floodplains, AECs,
wetlands, and other
fragile areas
• land use and
development criteria
and measures that
abate impacts that
degrade water quality
• coordinate water
quality efforts with
Carteret County
• preservation of
cultural, historic,
and scenic areas
• support of economic
development
• development of
human resources
• preservation of the
town’s rural
character
• decrease residential
density within town
P.59 B N N N N B
P.60 B N N N N B
P.61 N B B N B B
P.62 B B B B B B
P.63 N B B B N B
P.64 B N B N N B
P.65 N N B N N B
P.66 N N B N N B
P.67 N N B B N B
P.68 N B B B B N
P.69 N B B B B N
P.70 B B B B B B
Town of Atlantic Beach 220 Core Land Use Plan
Notes to the Policy Analysis Matrix:

1. Public Access

P.1(B) through P.6(B) - Policies P.1 through P.6 address the provision of public
access within Atlantic Beach. These policies are intended to support the improvement
of existing facilities and to provide additional facilities which will comply with NC CAMA
Standards. State funding is necessary to the provision of facilities and state access
standards will be followed. Locational decisions for facilities will be based on the
availability of land, environmental conditions, and fiscal resources.

2. Land Use Compatibility

P.7(B) and P.12 (B) - Atlantic Beach supports policies which will preserve the
history and cultural heritage of the Town. Overall development densities should not
increase.

P.8(B) and P.9(B) – Atlantic Beach supports residential development in mixed-use
areas and areas of environmental concern.

P.10(B) – The Town of Atlantic Beach supports actions to require proposed
development to mitigate the impacts it creates.

P.11(Potentially D) – The construction of a central sewer system could stimulate
development at increased densities and require greater support services. The impacts
must be continuously monitored and appropriate mitigative actions taken.

P.13(B) – The Town of Atlantic Beach opposes all industrial development except
for light industrial development which is compatible with the town’s sensitive
environment.

P.14(B) through P.21(B) – Atlantic Beach supports commercial development which
is compatible with its sensitive environmental areas and residential development. This
includes energy generation facilities.

P.22(B) through P.33(B) – The Town of Atlantic Beach policies for land use
compatibility which are associated with conservation support the 15A NCAC 7H minimum
use standards for areas of environmental concern. The reader should review policies
P.34-P.37 and the associated implementing actions I.36-I.43 for discussion of stormwater
concerns/control. The Town of Atlantic Beach recognizes that preservation of
environmental sensitive areas is crucial to its economic development, especially the
tourist industry.
Town of Atlantic Beach 221 Core Land Use Plan
P.34(B) through P.37(B) – These policies address stormwater control. It is
important that the reader analyze these policies in concert with the implementing actions
I.36-I.43. In addition, the reader should review the Water Quality policies P.47-P.53. The
Town of Atlantic Beach emphasizes stormwater control in both the policies and
implementing actions contained in this plan.

3. Infrastructure Carrying Capacity

P.38 (Potentially D) – This policy is potentially detrimental because it could
stimulate increased density of development, in particular, residential development. The
development of long-range plans for central sewer service must take this into
consideration.

P.39(B) and P.40(B) – The Town of Atlantic Beach supports development of a
central sewer system and continuation/maintenance of its central water system. The
associated implementing actions acknowledge that development of a central sewer
system is under study. Policy 40 addresses improvement of the Town’s transportation
system. Emphasis is placed on diversifying the transportation system through
implementing actions I.50, I.51, I.52, I.53, and I.54.

4. Natural Hazard Areas

P.41(B) through P.46(B) – The natural hazard area policies for Atlantic Beach
focus on protection of the areas of environmental concern as defined by 15A NCAC 7H,
support of the Town’s hazard mitigation plan, and beach renourishment. The reader
should also refer to the land use compatibility conservation policies P.22 through P.33.

5. Water Quality

P.47(B) through P.53(B) – These policies reflect a basic goal of the land use plan
to improve water quality.

6. Local Areas of Concern

P.54(B) through P.58(B) – These policies reflect the Town’s desire to protect its
cultural, historic, and scenic areas.

P.59(B) through P.69(B) – These policies reflect the Town’s desire to support
economic development efforts, general health and human services needs, and
redevelopment efforts.

P.70(B) – This policy reflects the Town’s desire to pursue potential funding sources
to aid in implementation of this plan.

APPENDIX I

TOWN OF ATLANTIC BEACH
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN

PREPARATION OF A CORE LAND USE PLAN
PHASE I

The Town of Atlantic Beach has received a Coastal Area Management Act grant for preparation of a Core Land
Use Plan, Phase I. Adequate citizen participation in the development of the plan is essential to the
preparation of a document responsive to the needs of the citizens of the Town of Atlantic Beach. To ensure
such input, the following citizen participation program will be utilized by the Town.

The Atlantic Beach Town Council appoints the Atlantic Beach Planning Board to work with the Town's
planning consultant to ensure that the final product will be a plan suitable for adoption by the Town.

Specifically, the planning consultant and the Planning Board will be responsible for ensuring accomplishment
of the following:

• Conduct initial orientation session with project team; develop and adopt the Citizen
Participation Plan; conduct public inf ormation meeting; and conduct a Town-wide meeting
to identify community aspirations, issues, and needs. In addition, prepare analysis of
existing and emerging conditions; prepare existing land use map and existing facilities &
infrastructure map; review analysis of existing and emerging conditions and existing
environmental conditions and hazards; complete analysis of community facilities.

• Finalize forecast of future land use needs; prepare composite environmental conditions map;
prepare/review land suitability analysis and map; review existing CAMA plan, local
regulations, and other plan documents.

The following schedule will be utilized for Phase I:

1. August, 2004
– Begin data collection and analysis.

2. September / October, 2004
– Conduct public information meeting.
– Town Council adopt the Citizen Participation Plan.
– Conduct initial meeting with Planning Board and review Citizen Participation Plan
and process for preparing the land use plan.
– Conduct Town-wide issues identification meeting.

3. November, 2004 to April, 2005 – Prepare preliminary draft land use plan which will include
analysis of existing conditions, land suitability analysis, natural systems analysis, and
community facilities analysis. Conduct monthly meetings with the Planning Board.

4. May, 2005 – Present draft of Phase I to the Planning Board and Town Council.

5. June, 2005 – Conduct open house; present plan to the Town Council.

All meetings of the Planning Board and Town Council at which the Plan will be discussed will be advertised
in a local newspaper. The public information meeting, Town-wide meeting, and public hearing will also be
advertised in a local newspaper. In addition, public service announcements will be mailed to local radio
stations and posted in the Municipal Building and other public buildings as directed by the Planning Board
and Town Council. All meetings will be open to the public. The Town will encourage and consider all
economic, social, ethnic and cultural viewpoints. No major non-English speaking groups are known to exist
in the Town of Atlantic Beach.

This plan was adopted by resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Atlantic Beach, North Carolina on
September 20, 2004.

TOWN OF ATLANTIC BEACH
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN

PREPARATION OF A CORE LAND USE PLAN
PHASE II

The Town of Atlantic Beach has received a Coastal Area Management Act grant for preparation of a Core Land
Use Plan, Phase II. Adequate citizen participation in the development of the plan is essential to the
preparation of a document responsive to the needs of the citizens of the Town of Atlantic Beach. To ensure
such input, the following citizen participation program will be utilized by the Town.

The Atlantic Beach Town Council has appointed the Town of Atlantic Beach Planning Board to work with the
Town's planning consultant to ensure that the final product will be a plan suitable for adoption by the Town.

Specifically, the planning consultant and the Planning Board will be responsible for ensuring accomplishment
of the following:

• Adopt and implement Citizen Participation Plan for Phase II.
• Revise preliminary plan based on public review.
• Complete plan for the future (including future land use map and tools for managing
development).
• Present the draft plan to the Town Council.
• Submit plan to state/DCM for review; provide plan to adjacent jurisdictions for review;
conduct public information hearings.
• Review plan based on state and local review; conduct public hearing; Town Council adoption;
submit for CRC certification.

The following schedule will be utilized for Phase II:

1. September, 2005
– Update Citizen Participation Plan
– Begin preparation of Phase II portion of LUP

2. October, 2005 - January, 2006
– Hold monthly meetings with Planning Board
– Revise preliminary plan based on public review

3. February, 2006 – Provide plan to adjacent jurisdictions to review

4. March, 2006 – Submit plan (with any revisions) to the Atlantic Beach Planning Board for
review and preliminary approval

5. April, 2006 – Submit draft plan to state for DCM review

6. May, 2006
– Revise plan based on state and local review
– Conduct public hearing for Town Council to adopt plan
– Submit to CRC for certification

All meetings of the Planning Board and Town Council at which the Plan will be discussed will be advertised
in a local newspaper. The public hearing will also be advertised in a local newspaper. In addition, public
service announcements will be posted at the Town Hall and other public buildings as directed by the Planning
Board and Town Council. All meetings will be open to the public. The town will encourage and consider all
economic, social, ethnic and cultural viewpoints. No major non-English speaking groups are known to exist
in the Town of Atlantic Beach.

APPENDIX II
TOWN OF ATLANTIC BEACH
2005-2006 CAMA CORE LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
ABSENTEE PROPERTY OWNER SURVEY RESULTS

1. Atlantic Beach should continue to focus on redevelopment efforts within “The Circle.”

Total
Agree No Opinion Disagree
162 26 31

2. Atlantic Beach is witnessing a reduction in commercial businesses and commercial business areas.
The town should focus on recruiting and retaining commercial development and implement
measures to protect the commercial districts within the town.

Total
Agree No Opinion Disagree
137 40 42

3. In light of the recent increased restrictions regarding stormwater runoff control currently being
implemented in a majority of towns and counties across the state, the Town should continue to
take a proactive approach to stormwater control. This could include a stormwater control
ordinance with fees charged to property owners.

Total
Agree No Opinion Disagree
86 41 92

4. Atlantic Beach should support a central sewer system, even if additional taxes or fees are required.

Total
Agree No Opinion Disagree
138 19 62
Absentee Mail-Out Responses
Agree No Opinion Disagree
155 26 28

Website Responses
Agree No Opinion Disagree
7 0 3

Absentee Mail-Out Responses
Agree No Opinion Disagree
130 38 41

Website Responses
Agree No Opinion Disagree
7 2 1

Absentee Mail-Out Responses
Agree No Opinion Disagree
80 39 90

Website Responses
Agree No Opinion Disagree
6 2 2

Absentee Mail-Out Responses
Agree No Opinion Disagree
134 19 56

Website Responses
Agree No Opinion Disagree
4 0 6

5. Traffic volume along NC Highway 58 has reached a critical point. The town should identify
solutions and allocate resources to relieve traffic flow and congestion problems.

Total
Agree No Opinion Disagree
142 45 32

6. The town should make it a priority to slow the rate of high density residential growth.

Total
Agree No Opinion Disagree
175 22 22

7. Public boat access should be a priority of the town and resources should be used to improve and
increase the number of public boat access locations.

Total
Agree No Opinion Disagree
109 53 57

8. The town should focus on creating additional public beach and sound access locations, including
expenditures to establish locations that provide automobile parking.

Total
Agree No Opinion Disagree
108 33 78

Please note: 494 surveys were mailed out to absentee property owners; 211 responses were received.
Additionally, 10 survey responses were generated from the web-site posting of the survey.
Absentee Mail-Out Responses
Agree No Opinion Disagree
136 44 29

Website Responses
Agree No Opinion Disagree
6 1 3

Absentee Mail-Out Responses
Agree No Opinion Disagree
165 22 22

Website Responses
Agree No Opinion Disagree
10 0 0

Absentee Mail-Out Responses
Agree No Opinion Disagree
107 49 53

Website Responses
Agree No Opinion Disagree
2 4 4

Absentee Mail-Out Responses
Agree No Opinion Disagree
102 33 74

Website Responses
Agree No Opinion Disagree
6 0 4

9. Ranking of key issues: The following issues were identified and ranked by permanent residents
of the Town at a public meeting held on February 1, 2005. Absentee property owners as identified
by Carteret County tax records were asked to rank each issue identified from 1 to 10, with 1 being
the most important need and 10 being the least important need. Following are the results of the
ranking:

ABSENTEE MAIL-OUT RESPONSES
SCORE KEY ISSUE RANK
742 Beach maintenance 1
800 Density of future development 2
827 Development of sewer system 3
851 Beach renourishment efforts (especially from Brandt Island) 4
883 Development regulations 5
971 Water supply/water system 6
1100 Commercial and residential development 7
1228 Stormwater management in Town 8
1292 Parks and recreational opportunities (active and passive) 9
1536 Tree ordinance/tree protection 10
WEBSITE RESPONSES
SCORE KEY ISSUE RANK
33 Density of future development 1
39 Development regulations 2
41 Beach maintenance 3
43 Beach renourishment efforts (especially from Brandt Island) 4
56 Water supply/water system 5
58 Commercial and residential development 6
61 Stormwater management in Town 7
68 Parks and recreational opportunities (active and passive) 8
68 Development of sewer system 9
83 Tree ordinance/tree protection 10

10. Comments:
ABSENTEE MAIL-OUT RESPONSES

• We would like to see the town keep condo development to a pace the town can absorb without
it becoming a “Myrtle Beach.” Focus on beach access, boating, and the small clean town it has
been in the past. Developers have no consideration on what the future looks like.

• I don’t think is right for a home on the ocean to grow a tree so big and tall it is impossible for
people on the second row of homes to see the ocean.

• I feel if you don’t get our sewer system fixed, we are going to be in real trouble. Building more
condo or townhouses, bringing in more people with the same sewer system, still flooding in the
sound at times now. What are all you intelligent people thinking? I have only a 12 years
education, even I know what’s going to happen.

• “Rumor has it” that there is an abundance of condo projects planned for the area. Please keep in
mind that the infrastructures must be adequate to accommodate this increase in population.

• The growth of the Island is way out in front of controls for stormwater and sewer. This causes
problems for those of us that for prior years had no problems with these issues.

• The town has a drainage problem!

• The town should cease any plans to restrict re-building on any existing lots/home regardless of size
of lot. Existing structures should be grandfathered in and allowed to rebuild in case of fire or
other disaster.

• Keep this as a non-commercial, family, non-overdeveloped beach.

• There are too many high density condo type developments on the beach already. This type of
development has created problems in area of septics (need for sewers), water supply, traffic, and
has also restricted ocean/sound access. Commercial/recreational entities no longer exist for the
year-round or vacationing families. The current beach accesses are over subscribed, poorly
managed, and are now used as little more than dog runs/littered with dog droppings. The circle
was once a thriving arcade area and nigh spot – “a destination for summer visitors.” Now it is a
waste land, barren and clean, but without charm. Circle suggestions: (1) a merry go round; (2)
band shell - for summer; (3) salt water wading pool; (4) sailing lagoon for children’s boats or
radio/remote boats; (5) some permanent cement type tables and benches with built-in checker
boards for checkers or chess; (6) an old fashion ice cream stand or parlor/decorated Pepsi era
historic; (7) a promenade or boardwalk area; (8) shuffleboard courts; (9) bacci ball court; (10) an
outdoor roller rink with dress code and organ music (could also be used as outdoor dance area
event ‘shag nights’. The overdevelopment of the beach by the “condo” building has created a
shortage of recreation for children and adults alike. Atlantic Beach was known as the “Atlantic
City” of the south before Atlantic City became a gambling meca. It has become a character-less
wall of condos and has lost its “CHARM.” The “charm” of places like Cape May, NJ; Point Pleasant,
NJ; Tarpon Sp, FL; Key West, FL is that there has been a successful blend of old and new. This
blend is need for Atlantic Beach - it lacks (lost its beach/character) to condo development.

• Deeply concerned about the effects of current land use modifications on long term land owners
and our ability to upgrade these projects.

• With the tear down of the Triple S pier and the building of homes in that area, it concerns me that
there will be no beach access for the people who are residents or have residences along the road
leading to the ocean. There would be no need for a “public” access with parking, but an access
for residents.

• The most important problem to be addressed is stormwater runoff. In the East Boardwalk area,
the summer of 2005 was wrought with constant flooding, causing damage to property and health
risks due to the town pumping much of the water to the beach. Additionally, the town should
implement and enforce an appearance clause to improve the visual and aesthetic look of the town.
As many of the lots are small in town, provisions have to be made to allow existing homeowners
to improve and maintain their properties as needed.

• You need more handicapped access to the beach area. I am electric chair bound and cannot use
a manual chair because the bones are so fragile. My 30 year old son is chair bound due to cerebral
palsy. My 85 year old mother is also chair bound. We purchased the cottage approximately 45
years ago and would enjoy our stays if beach access were more available.

• Failure of current stormwater and development regulations.

• The Circle (grove) is going to be overdeveloped - three high rise condos. Will there be any beach
for families that come to spend the day? Atlantic Beach is overdeveloped also – we are going to
“sink!” Slow it down; the lots are too small!

• There are a lot of changes in store for Atlantic Beach and while I am glad to see the Circle
revitalized, the density issue is a real concern. Change is good but it needs to be well-planned.
Developers do not need to be in control and call the shots even though there is much room for
improvement. (Let’s get AB on par with Wrightsville). Trailers need to slowly disappear in favor
of homes; condos but not high rise. There should be room for necessary business but good zoning
is absolutely needed for us all.

• Quit planting palm trees; use local trees. Why try to look like Myrtle Beach? If Chamber of
Commerce would slow down, not encourage tourists and newcomers, few of the above problems
would exist. Voluntary newcomers are what we need not coerced ones.

• Please find a way to encourage Wally Coury to clean up his properties near Sportsmans Pier. This
is an embarrassment to our visitors to our town.

• I’m very concerned about the overdevelopment of Atlantic Beach which is why I am not sure about
a central sewer system. I’m also concerned about the loss of family recreation, i.e., the rides and
Putt-Putt at the Circle and Jungleland. I wish the city had required Fred Bunn to at least keep a
Putt-Putt in his development. We are also losing the piers! This is terrible!

• Sewer system is only beneficial to large developers and high density housing initiatives. Most
existing homeowners are NOT in favor of higher taxes and fees to support sewer and stormwater
projects that have no benefit to them. The loss of commercial/retail space within Atlantic Beach
is becoming a critical issue. It continues to change the cultural nature of Atlantic Beach. If
commercial space (restaurants, retail, etc.) are not available, residential development and quality
of life for residents will be negatively impacted. The loss of commercial space must be reversed
(e.g., Sportsman’s Pier, Atlantic Station, etc.).

• Please restrict growth of high density population. A sewer system will bring more development,
more problems, and greater costs to the taxpayer. The less populated the beaches are, the more
pleasant the experience of being in Atlantic Beach.

• Very disappointed in Atlantic Beach allowing the recent boom in close density of residential
building. The town lied several years ago when they said Atlantic Beach would not turn into
another Myrtle Beach. There is nothing for out-of-towners to come to, no more ocean piers, no
place to access the beach. The two places left are already full on weekends. If you do not own
ocean property, you cannot get to the ocean. Atlantic Beach is no longer a family town, but tax
revenue hungry. Not a nice place to live anymore.

• What I am most interested in is growth with nice restaurants and things like Myrtle Beach has for
people to do. It seems Atlantic Beach is not bringing those things to the community! Also
something needs to be done to keep main channels open in the sound.

• Residential development needs to be restricted. Island is capable of holding only so many people.
Development of Circle does not need high rise condos. Need to maintain commercial development
in Circle. Everyone I talk with is satisfied with septic tank system and does not think we need
sewer system. It is a good thing that city has purchased Food Lion property – would be a good
location to move city offices, etc. Need to maintain marsh areas and not let them be filled in for
residential use as some have done – continue beach renourishment from Brandt Island and not let
others get this sand as there is only a certain amount.

• 100% against what’s going to be done with the high rise condos in the Circle.

• I’m from Eastern North Carolina and love Atlantic Beach. It’s been a family beach. Now with the
piers being torn down and condos in their place, I feel it’s being turned into a smaller Myrtle
Beach. If buildings continue to be built on this narrow island, I can envision in years to come the
sinking (of an inch or so) of the land. Where is all this sewage from more condos going to go? We
only have so much land!! We expect the town’s Planning Board to protect the land for us and our
grandchildren. We feel Big Money is more important than protecting our environment.

• Density such as new development west of Atlantic Station is out of control. Distance between new
construction should be at least 10 feet as it originally was at Atlantic Beach.

• We need traffic lights in high density areas. Public beach access and parking should be at the
Circle. Bring back a Ferris Wheel (which was a symbol of Atlantic Beach). Regulations to stop this
from becoming another Myrtle Beach.

• Utilize parking meters to defray costs of creating additional public beach and sound access
locations.

• I find it interesting that there is no reference to needed pedestrian/bike improvements, e.g.,
extension of sidewalks and addition of crosswalks. I do not view AB as very pedestrian-friendly,
and efforts should be made to improve in this regard.

• Beach renourishment/maintenance and waste management are critical to the future and
development of the Crystal Coast. Let Atlantic Beach lead the way.

• I am extremely concerned about Amusement/Activities leaving Atlantic Beach (Jungleland and “The
Circle”). I am also concerned about sewer and OVERDEVELOPMENT – too many houses on too
little land – too many bad septic tanks and problems. I feel the completion of sidewalks needs to
be a priority and bikes should be allowed on them as an alternative to automobiles (may alleviate
some car congestion!)_ Also need more public beach access AND parking for it.

• We need to consider making people with rental properties keep them up – clean and neat – yards
neat and clean – void of trash and old junk. As example, across from us on corner on West
Boardwalk.

• Encourage tasteful development. Create sewer system. Upgrade redevelopment.

• Sidewalks along 58 – finish the project to city limits.

• Without commercial business, residential expansion cannot offer attraction for family
participation. With regard to stormwater runoff, there are grants available that should be pursued,
charges to property owners should be last resort. I support property tax increase to support bond,

or other revenue source pay off. Traffic problems seem to only exist during the peak tourist time.
This is true for any tourist town.

• One of the most pressing issues regarding planning for the future of Atlantic Beach to me is the
rate at which growth is occurring (particularly housing). With the exception of increased town
revenue, it seems that this rapid growth has only negative effects, i.e., traffic congestion, increased
stormwater runoff, and enhanced sewer problems. I hope the town can somehow preserve some
of the quaintness and sanity that has been enjoyed for many years.

• A study should be administered to determine what is most important – the removal of stormwater
runoff and the effect it would have on the septic tank systems on the beach. If stormwater is
disposed of properly, will existing septic tanks working properly? At this time and with future
growth, runoff water should take priority before future commercial and residential growth and
sewage system is considered. Feel very strongly that the new building in the Circle area are too
tall. Ruin the effect of the beach area. Poor judgement and bad mistake! The appeal of Atlantic
Beach is the “small town” feel. Don’t want to see another Myrtle Beach!

• I understand that Jungleland is being torn down. If this is true, what recreation places will be
available for young children and teens. Atlantic Beach will not be a popular choice for vacation
without things for them to do. Better start looking into a place for kids to play.

• Particular attention to density of future development is essential. The whole world cannot move
comfortably and safely to Atlantic Beach. Bigger is not always better!

• Atlantic Beach must start planning and budgeting for the water way and canal maintenance. This
is one of the major attractions for Atlantic Beach and should be maintained.

• There should be a moratorium on high density housing and condos. Cramming big houses and
condos on tiny lots is going to cause big problems – demands on the government town services
– water, sewage, traffic, etc. – everyone will have to pay for the excesses of a few developers who’s
additional population will stretch the town’s resources over the limit as well as environmental
degradation, for both pollution and aesthetics. We have and are destroying the reasons people
come to our beach. We now have fresh water runoff percolating through the sand to the ocean
at low tide as seen by the green algae evident in the rivelets of draining water. I wonder where
its coming from? YOU GUESS!! STOP – HIGH DENSITY – NOW

• No more high density developments. No more high rise buildings. Development of shopping strip
of old Food Lion.

• We have owned our beach cottage for 30+ years. The flooding problem worsens each year. The
pumps that the town has installed to accommodate rainwater runoff cannot handle the water even
during hard summer storms. I have to wear boots to come in and out on occasion. My
neighborhood suffers from flooding, mosquitos, and odors – most of my neighbors are long time
residents. People want to buy us out and demolish our houses. We just want to make things
liveable. “Ophelia” caused flooding everywhere. I am still recovering from that.

• Commercial property should be self supporting. Over two -family housing should be regulated to
restrict density. Houses over three stories should be restricted.

• Would like to see a govt run fishing pier near Fort Macon. With the closing of piers on the island,
few and fewer will remain. Disappointed in the destruction of the Triple S pier and miniature golf
course on the island. Also more high density development will only add more congestion. Would
like to see sewer run all the way up to north Atlantic Beach city limits.

• Atlantic Beach needs less condos and more family activities to bring vacation people here because
now that Jungleland and the Circle are gone, what is here for them after the beach. Soon the piers

will be gone and fishing as we know it will be to. We need to fix this before it bites us. Condos
are great but we need more than housing.

• Inconsistency of building permit decisions and punishment of violators. Lack of enforcement of
leash laws.

• The town needs to demonstrate progress in rebuilding (or development) of the Circle. Just tearing
down old structures is not enough. The public support for the town’s “Circle Redevelopment” will
quickly erode if the Circle sits empty much longer.

• I am definitely against high density development such as high rises – that’s why I’m against
development of a sewer system – it will lead to higher density. Please don’t turn Atlantic Beach
into Myrtle Beach – keep it a small town family oriented beach. I’m tired of Atlantic Beach being
a public servant for Fred Bunn! My family has had property in Carteret County since 1945 and I
hate what’s happening to it.

• Replace activities for young people that development has taken away. Children don’t have much
to do!!

• No large condos at the Circle – short stay rooms and not too many (100) small units! Public beach
house for changing clothes and bathrooms at the Circle. Upgrade your own buildings to quality
building (police, fire, etc.) to set the mark on what you expect for others to look like. Be an
example! Improve landscaping where possible.

• More landscaping coming over the bridge to Atlantic Beach and a Welcome Center.

• Pedestrian access should be improved in the crossing of 58. It is almost impossible to cross at
intersection of AB causeway and Fort Macon Road (especially with grandchildren in tow). I know
it is a DOT related problem etc., but it would cut down on traffic. Residents that I know that live
on the sound side drive their cars to the Circle because they can’t cross the street.

• There should be large recycling containers provided for condos, apartments. Now everything is
thrown in the refuse collectors – smaller for resident’s houses. The town does a poor job on
enforcing pedestrian crosswalk violations by drivers. You take your life in hand when you try to
cross. Also, little value received for Carteret County taxes! Thanks for the opportunity for input.

• Non-resident property owners should have vote as to what goes on with the Town of Atlantic
Beach local government. We do pay taxes and utilities. Thank about it. Thanks.

• Develop the Circle so that we can have good restaurants that overlook the ocean. They should
have large outside areas. Let’s get rid of the bars and attract a better class of people. A dance hall
at the ocean would be great.

• I really hope that the charm of Atlantic Beach can be saved. I would hate to see high rise condos
and multi-million dollar homes take over all the older smaller homes and mom & pop motels. I
feel every one should have a chance to enjoy our beautiful coast. Maybe families can’t afford to
rent 8-bedroom homes but can afford to stay at the Caribee Inn. Even the “tacky” trailers (that’s
what my friends call them) have a certain charm and a place for average families to spend some
time together at their own piece of heaven at Atlantic Beach.

• As you come into Atlantic Beach and shop at the main stop light, you should be able to look out
at the Circle and see beauty. Maybe US, NC, and Atlantic Beach flags flying – a nice brick marker
with “Welcome to Atlantic Beach,” etc. Flowers, shrubs, etc. Maybe park benches and small trees
around swings sets for children.

• More transportation options. Continue landscaping efforts.

• Atlantic Beach will never be what it was if you design a sewer system.

• While I support continued redevelopment of “The Circle,” I am concerned with the parking impact
on surrounding property owners. As one of the owners, I would ask what the Town of Atlantic
Beach will do to stop users of traditional beach access at the Circle from parking at surrounding
property; this would impact rental clients parking and infringe on those property owner’s rights.

• We have been coming to Atlantic Beach for 20 years and have seen many changes. Now we own
our house for four years and are planning on retiring there. The center of town needs a lot of
attention “traffic” congestion. Water quality should be worked on to get better each year. Try to
stop putting houses so close together.

• The “Circle” needs to remain an attraction for families and day trippers.

• Due to development, public beach access is beginning to be a problem.

• We, the town, need additional beach access that includes parking. I’ve watched the town evolve
over the past 40 years, some good and not so good changes have occurred. The loss of beach
access is by far the most devastating to the family beach experience. I would propose that all new
development provide access with parking for the property owners of the town, no charge. A
formula needs to be implemented based on size of development and number of proposed
inhabitants and/or business use volume. Pier parking and access is all but evaporated due to
development. This loss of access and parking needs to be corrected.

• Traffic congestion on 58 is a huge problem. I think if there were a few more traffic lights it would
better pace the congestion.

• The infrastructure of Atlantic Beach is great. I develop land all over North Carolina and have never
run into a group of town officials as good as Atlantic Beach. My only concern is that the Town
Board does not understand the needs of the town due to the growth that is expected. As far as
the Circle is concerned, please move slowly so as to keep the integrity of Atlantic Beach.

• We are one of the property owners hit particularly hard by the stormwater problems. Creative
efforts and solutions have met with little success. Anything we might do to fill our property and
solve our problems will seem to result in creating a major problem for neighbors. Assistance from
the town or ideas and solutions is certainly welcome.

• Area sewer system, in my mind, should be the priority. As regulations and demands increase, this
will be a very important factor.

• With the land and housing prices reaching the levels they are, the average person will not be able
to afford a stay at the beach. So that the ocean resource is not lost to the average person, more
public beach access will have to be developed.

• The beaches and water must be kept environmentally clean. If a sewer plant is the answer, make
it an efficient one and charge homeowners. A polluted beach and sound would be of no use to
anyone.

• “The Circle” - town should focus on trying to provide for all citizens, not just privatized
development, would hope something can ben done to provide for children’s need for
entertainment. Public sewer must be done at all cost as long as cost is effective – everyone knows
it will take extra taxes.

• Public boat ramp locations – Where are they? Where do you park your vehicle and trailers?
Nothing for kids to do at Atlantic Beach.

• First, a comment. It seems, through the wording of the Mayor’s letter...”a willingness to
share”...and the caveat in almost every question regarding “fees,” “expenditures,” “resources,” that
there is already an internal agenda in place regarding these issues – could that be so? That said,
I believe the town has done a good job in the past. I believe, however, if the sewer problem is not
solved that it will control all other issues regarding density, commercial development, sound and
ocean water quality, etc. eventually.

• They are building those high rise townhouses too close together on too small a lot. One story or
two story single-family house on a lot, not a 3-story high rise. The whole development will go in
a fire. You can reach out your arms and touch the houses. When I built there was a 10 foot
minimum setback from the property line. That would put at least 20 feet between each house.

• Maximize cooperation with other towns for mutual benefit, such as beach renourishment.

• Atlantic Beach has long been a “family and fishing” oriented area. Unfortunately, it is evolving into
a wealthy area and much of the charm and quaintness is going by the wayside. Personally I don’t
think “The Circle” should be turned into Fred Bunn’s idea of a shopping mall. The “Pavillion” was
a place where families went after spending the day fishing or at the beach. The big picture needs
to be addressed. The public areas are fast becoming part of the private sector and local businesses
cannot survive. Atlantic Beach needs to maintain its integrity and not become another Myrtle
Beach.

• The island needs a third bridge. Town needs program to keep channels open west of the bridge.

• Some measure should be taken to make at least one remaining pier a state park or funded
somehow to keep one permanently. Stop planting trees not native to this area. We are not
Florida. We must slow the high density residential growth.

• Dredge the canals to the ICW.

• No common sewer system, septic tanks when they are well maintained do a great job in waste
removal. Reduce the number of high density homes. No more space should be allowed for them.
We are losing the identity of Atlantic Beach. More parks and rec areas would help with tourism.

• We don’t want to see commercial fishermen with their vehicles on the beach – restrict access to
protect fishing for residents/tourists. Water quality and controlled growth are very important.

• Although I have completed this survey, it is too late. The city officials have given this once
beautiful town away to developers. Where is recreation for our children and grandchildren?
Where is the joy of pier fishing in our town? It is a very sad day for Atlantic Beach.

• As a property owner at Island Quay, we are on the way to paying a large sum of money per
residence for a new water and sewer system. If the City of Atlantic Beach put this into place,
would Island Quay residence we excluded? If not, we need to be considered for the money spent
for our own system. Island Quay/Sands Villa Board needs to be contacted with what the intent
would be.

• I’m not sure what efforts are currently underway in the town. It seems as if we are being asked
our opinion after the fact. Plans are already underway to build 10 story buildings in the Circle.
I think that’s too tall. Three stories should be max. Ten story buildings should create quite a
traffic nightmare. The Triple S pier is being torn down as I write (a sad day). Where will all the
fishermen go to fish? The motels where they stayed are being converted to condotels and are
being marketed as within walking distance to the pier that all knew was scheduled to be torn
down. When is a motel not a motel? Trees and vegetation are being stripped out to make way
for cluster developments creating stormwater runoff issues. Jungleland – one of the few

recreational areas is to be torn down. I would like to see building height restrictions in well -
planned communities with a balance of vegetation and landscaping. I would like to see the piers
protected for public use.

• The Carteret County Chamber is concerned that hotels being purchased for condo development
minimizes the tourist industry and its revenue. As a five month resident, I am concerned that we
will not continue getting beach renourishment by the Corps of Engineers if we do not have public
access to the beach. What is the use of sewer at sea level with no where to pump it? If we
continue to see houses with almost adjoining decks, we will loose our marsh areas. Zoning should
be #1 priority – brush and crepe myrtles should be preserved and used only for the widening of
Fort Macon NC 58 highway. The environmentalist defeated pumping anything to First Colony
Farms for sewer and stormwater runoff. Though important is usually to expensive to collect, treat
and put out for irrigation.

• I feel we should slow down and control high density development. The town commissioners
should be more concerned with what the citizens of Atlantic Beach want and stop catering to
developers who don’t even care about our lifestyle and community.

• See attached typewritten comments.

WEBSITE RESPONSES

• In my opinion there are four priority issues to focus on: (1) sewer system; (2) stormwater
management; (3) insuring the continued renourishment of the beach; and (4) maintaining the Town
as a “family” spot and discouraging high rises in town. If the Town can find a way to accomplish
these goals, the large majority of residents will benefit and Atlantic Beach will move forward as a
great place to live.

• Keep property tax in line or better yet reduce them.

• Continue redevelopment in “The Circle.” Try to retain commercial businesses with adjoining
parking. Continue efforts in beach renourishment.

• Most pressing need to me is having sidewalks, bike paths, parks, cafes within walking/biking
distance of my home on Ocean Ridge.

• There are too many high density condo type developments on the beach already. This type of
development has created problems in areas of septics (need for sewer) water supply, traffic, and
has also restricted ocean and sound access. Commercial/recreational entities no longer exist for
the year round or vacationing families. The current beach accesses are over suscribed, poorly
managed and are now used as little more than dog runs/and littered with dog droppings - the
Circle was once a thriving arcade area and night spot - "A destination for summer visitors" now it
is a wasteland - barron clean - but without charm. Circle suggestions:

-Merry-go-round,
-Band shell for summer concerts,
-Fresh water wading pool,
-Sailing lagoon for childrens boats or remote boats,
-Some cement tables and benches with built-in checker boards for checkers or chess,
-An old fashion ice cream stand or parlor/decorated Pepsi era historic,
-A promenade or boardwalk area,
-Shuffle board courts,
-Baci ball courts,
-An outdoor roller rink with dress code & organ music,
-Could also be used as outdoor dance area events "shag night".

The overdevelopment of the beach by 'condo' building has created a shortage of recreation for
children and adults alike. Atlantic beach was known as the "Atlantic City" of the South before
Atlantic City became a gambling area. It has become a character-less wall of condo's and has lost
its "CHARM". The 'charm' of places like Cape May, NJ., Point Pleasant, NJ., Tarpon Sp. Fla., Key
West, Fla., is that there has been a blend of Old and New. This blend is needed for Atlantic Beach.
It lacks (lost its beach/character) to condo development.

PS. The view of Atlantic Beach from the crest of the bridge SHOULD NOT BE A WALL OF CONDO’S
– If condos go through than flanting the view or framing the view would be more desirable.
Arcade parking area.

• Beach access and parking needs to become a priority with the Circle redevelopment and closing
of commercial firms with beach access (piers), the property owners of non -oceanfront homes are
losing beach access at an alarming rate. Many of the town’s access points have very limited
parking and few facilities. The loss of beach access can significantly impact revenues for local
businesses, particularly restaurants and grills. Tax dollars should not be used to fund beach
renourishment if the taxpayer does not have access to the beach they paid for. High density
development needs to be severely limited. This type of development will bring problems such as
increased crime rates, both personal and property crimes, increased congestion, increased costs
for town services, a less pedestrian friendly environment, more parking issues, and countless other
problems. High density development may be done well, but the lack of adequate planning of such
developments with the sole purpose of developers taking advantage of a strong real estate market
will bring these issues. High density development only needs to be allowed when there is
attention paid to increasing a sense of community and improving livability for all of these who live
in or visit Atlantic B each. High density development allowed as it has been will only magnify the
problems the town is experiencing. The town needs to focus on eliminating stormwater runoff.
The runoff is too damaging to wildlife and may present a health hazard to all who use the public
waterways.

• I do not support a sewer system. I do support maintenance/inspections of current systems every
3-5 years. Damage or inoperability of 1 small system is not nearly as damaging as one large system
failing. Roads are already a huge concern with the large traffic volume during the summer. To
allow more development without allowing the road structures/systems to catch up is not fair to
anyone. Traffic is just frustrating.

• AB should be proud of the diverse affordability it has always had. It has always been able to offer
something within everyone’s budget whether it was a house, a trailer on a leased lot, or a vacation
rental. You should not have to be wealthy to enjoy what this wonderful place has to offer but
unfortunately this is becoming more a reality. Town leaders must control development and not
let the development control them. The best leaders are those who are not afraid to say no once
in a while because at times it is necessary. Overdevelopment comes with demands that will have
to be addressed and will come with a cost of even more than money. AB has always been a great
place for day trips. This should be encouraged and the people that come should be made to feel
welcome. There must be more public parking and beach access. These day trips are what made
us fall in love with AB to start with.

Town of Atlantic Beach, North Carolina
Hazard Mitigation Plan
Appendix Ill

Section IV
Mitigation Strategy

Mitigation Goal 1: Improve public awareness
Public awareness and community education are extremely cost effective strategies that can
be utilized to address all hazards. Knowledge of existing programs and procedures can
greatly assist the local government and its citizens in preparation for a natural hazard
before, during, and after the event. However, for the process of education to be an effective
tool, it has to reach as many people as possible. To this extent, the Town of Atlantic Beach
has identified multiple means of information dissemination.

The list of methods to achieve the goal of public awareness is unlimited and can include but
is not limited to written text, radio/television advertisements, open public meetings or
seminars. All have a unique way of disseminating information, however all have their
limitations. To best mitigate these limitations and to reach as many segments of the general
population as possible, the Town of Atlantic Beach has adopted a plan that utilizes several
techniques in disseminating public information.

Mitigation Objective 1.1 Educate new home buyers/owners and members of the
construction industry about hazards prevalent to the area of
Atlantic Beach.

Mitigation Implementation Measures

1.1.1 Educate contractors about principles for quality development and redevelopment
through written materials and better distribution of construction trade material
already available.

1.1.2 Explore Town-sponsored or co-sponsored with other Bogue Banks island
communities, hazard mitigation seminars for the all citizens stressing the need for
individual preparedness as well as the community's responses for all hazards
significant to the Town of Atlantic Beach.

1.1.3 Providt: m:v,., home an<l pr0pcrty hnyers with inforrnation on natural ha:lards ur!i4ue
to a barrier island or to the Town of Atlantic Beach. Provide information on quality
0 0 0 1 11
U."\.I" Y \,,/l 0"!-''."l.1".'J.Vn4 i\-. "U.n,l d .J..\,,;d"V'Y" "V'J. 0"}' me n.I.t a'"°' nYY,.\.,I..Il. lU<>.c- sa.,fL.e hJ. oJm..&..1".\,,,'1Jb U. ·s1n"V 'S.;"J ma1·..1....iU-, e.&n. au". ce•

Mitigation Objective 1.2 Publicize the documents associated with emergency
response and mitigation.

Mitigation Implementation Measures

1.2.1 Continue to offer to all members of general public information about the Town's
Emergency Management Ordinance and relevant emergency response actions the
Town and the public can take in the event of a natural hazard. Coordinate these
efforts with local television and radio networks as part of their public service
announcement requirements.

SectionN Page N-2 Adopted
3/7/05

Town of Atlantic Beach, North Carolina
Hazard Mitigation Plan
Section IV
Mitigation Strategy

1.2.2 Provide lists of Town department responsibilities in the event of natural hazards in
order to supply the public with more direct lines of communication to address their
particular need. Make available department contacts when possible and promptly
update as they change. Coordin ate these efforts with local television and radio
networks as part of their public service announcement requirements.

1.2.3 Disperse information about the Town of Atlantic Beach Severe Weather Plan to
specifically address affects from Hurricanes, Nor'easters, a nd severe winter storms.
Highlight relevant emergency response and preparedness actions the public can take
in the periods prior to storm.

1.2.4 Make available the Town's Community -Based Hazard Mitigation Plan and relevant
mitigation measures the public can take. In addition, provide a response/reply
section where residents can comment on the effectiveness of the current plan and
where they can make suggestions for future revisions on the plan. Continue to hold
public hearings on updates and amendments to the plan.

1.2.5 Explore possibilities of making all of the materials or documents available through
links on the Town's website at WWWAtlanticBeach -NC.com.

Mitigation Objective 1.3 Maintain and publicize a current action plan for emergency
response.

Mitigation Implementation Measures

1.3.1 Continue to update the Town of Atlantic Beach Emergency Management Ordinance
and the Town of Atlantic Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan on an annual basis. The
Hazard Mitigation document should contain detailed information on respon sible
departments and parties along with associated contact information, while the
Emergency Management Ordinance should provide specific language to the policies
and! •rro ,;;,1m·es.av!'lih h1eto thP. 1'rmm to >1n rlress _re r,rP: g e,n r.;' <::ihrnJion<::, _

!Jitigation Objective L4 Coordinate with other local governments and state agencies ··
to inform Citizens and visitors of current evacuation routes.

Mitigation Implementation Measures

1.4.1 Maintain evacuation routes in the event of a hazardous e vent. This should not be
limited to routes off the island, but rather should include routes from the region and
area.

1.4.2 Have available to citizens and visitor maps of evacuation routes which will facilitate
the evacuation of Atlantic Beach in case of a haza rdous event.

Section IV Page IV-3 Adopted
317105
Section IV Page IV-4 Adopted
3/7/05

Town of Atlantic Beach, North Carolina
Hazard Mitigation Plan
Section IV
Mitigation Strategy

1.4.3 Provide information as to the policies and procedures for bridge closure and re-
opening policies which will facilitate the evacuation and re-entry of Atlantic Beach
and other communities in case of a hazardous event.

Mitigation Goal 2: Minimize the effects of natural hazards on town
residents and town infrastructure
As stated throughout this hazard mitigation plan, advance planning and preparation are key
to lessening the impacts of a natural hazard. While the Town of Atlantic Beach may not be
able stop an event from occurring, they can take proactive measures to prepare for the
inevitable event. In an effort to advance·and continue this approach to mitigation the Town
must insure that all infrastructure and town equipment is in proper working order at all
times. Emergency back up systems should also be in place and should include but not be
limited to generators, communications equipment, and emergency vehicles. Since there are
many reasons equipment can fail it is of vital importance that said equipment is maintained,
updated, and replaced as needed.

Mitigation Objective 2.1 Decrease the potential for the loss of critical utilities during
major storm events.

Mitigation Implementation Measures

2.1.1 Continue to require that all water line extensions be made to town standards which
are designed to protect from inundations from stormwater or flooding.

2.1.2 Continue to require new development to bury electric and cable lines underground
to protect them from possible damages from wind or blowing debris.

Mitigation Objective 2.2 Maintain existing infrastructure and emergency equipment.

Mitigation Implementation Mea·sures

,,. • · ._J_.. --· .
. .. -- ·- .. -·-· - .,.. . . - -
2.2.1 Evaluate and monitor the status of existing water distribution infrastructure and its
susceptibility.to the affects of the most high profile natural hazards.

2.2.2 Design standards for new water well construction and line extensions to be as
resistant to inundation from flooding and storm surge as reasonably possible.
Improve or upgrade existing facilities to be in compliance with recommendations.

2.2.3 Evaluate and monitor backup generators, equipment, communications, and vehicles
necessary for the distribution of potable water. Test equipment on a regular basis,
not only for maintenance, but to confirm that the equipment continues to match the
needs of critical facility emergency operations.

2.2.4 Educate the general public on water conservation techniques during drought
conditions, but more importantly during and after disastrous events.
Section IV Page IV-5 Adopted
3/7/05

Town of Atlantic Beach, North Carolina
Hazard Mitigation Plan
Section IV
Mitigation Strategy

Mitigation Objective 2.3 Inventory and maintain emergency equipment necessary for
services before, during, and after event.

Mitigation Implementation Measures

2.3.1 Identify all departments critical to emergency efforts before, during, and after
hazardous event. Inventory equipment necessary to carry out essential functions
and ensure functionality and maintenance of equipment.

Mitigation Objective 2.4 Jmplemen! a GISIGPS Setup for the Town.

Mitigation Implementation Measures

2.4.1 Purchase GPS/GIS setup equipment and provide trammg to all pertinent town
personnel on equipment to record town infrastructure including water meters, taps,
valves, hydrant locations etc. to better locate emergency areas and disconnect points
to minimize interruption of services to the least amount of town residents.

Mitigation Goal 3: Minimize the impact of natural hazards on the built
environment of the Town of Atlantic Beach.

The Town of Atlantic Beach currently employs several strategies that assist in this goal
including the enforcement of the NC State Building Codes, participation in the National
Flood Insurance Program, and enforcement of predevelopment subdivision and zoning
regulations. While enforcement" of regulations is often a cumbersome and u npopular
function of a local government, the regulation of building and development codes can be
one of the most important factors available for pre-hazard planning.

When structures are not built to appropriate standards of the area, they become at risk to the
. natural hazards indica_tive of the..area. In addition, during a storm or natural event, a
da age·d struc becomes a ris.k to other buildings as the debris is moved around by ·wind
and water. In the Town of Atlantic Beach the NC State Building Codes apply to all new
construction or buildings undergoing substantial alteration or reconstruction. Although the
Town of Atlantic Beach is almost completely built out, the development of land is regulated
by the Subdivision ordinance which determines the amount of development that can occur,
and by the Zoning Ordinance which determines the type of development.

Mitigation Objective 3.1 Improve the resistance of structures in the community
against natural hazards.

Mitigation Implementation Measures

3.1.1 Continue to enforce the NC State Building Code. Require that new structures or
structures undergoing significant renovation meet code requirements for coastal
areas in accordance with the prescribed Codes.
Page IV-6 Section IV Adopted
3/7/05

Town of Atlantic Beach, North Carol ina
Hazard Mitigation Plan
Section IV
Mitigation Strategy

3.1.2 Continue to participate in the National Flood Insurance Program in order to have
more suitable construction within the towns identified floodplains, and to offer the
ability of flood insurance to the residents of the Town of Atlantic Beach.

Mitigation Objective 3.2 Decrease the potential for structural damage from wind
event debris.

Mitigation Implementation Measures

3.2.1 Continue to take a proactive , approach in investigating danger ous damaged
structures. The Town should take quick action in requiring prompt improvements
to damaged structures, or condemn structures that have been abandoned and/or
damaged greater than 50% of their appraised value.

Mitigation Objective 3.3 Reduce the impact of Natural Hazard Events through land
planning and site development locations.

Mitigation Implementation Measures

3.3.1 Further develop policies within the Floodplain management ordinance that limits
development within the flood prone areas of the t own or requires structures (o be
constructed to higher standards.

3.3.2 Continue the monitoring and updating of "repetitive loss" properties, and when
funding becomes available the town should engage in the possible acquisition of
certain parcels.

3.3.3 Strengthen subdivision regulations to limit development on marginal parcels of land
while possibly allowing greater development in areas more suitable to greater
densities.

3.3.4 Require the placement of utilities within all subdivisions to be placed underground
(electric and cable inciuded) at standards appropriate for coastal barrier island
regions .

3.3.5 Strength zoning regulations that direct higher density development to the areas less
susceptible to hazards while prohibiting, or at a minimum, limiting the areas more at
risk tu less intense uses or densities.

3.3.6 Record and maintain in the GIS system tax parcel and floodplain information of all
at risk parcels in order to assure development constraints are identified and stricter
development regulations are provided to the applicant prior to work commencing.

3.3.7 Record and maintain repetitive loss properties for multiple hazards in same fashion
as identified in implementation measure 3.3.5.
Section IV Page IV-7 Adopted
3/7/05

Beach
Town of Atlantic Beach, North Carolina
Hazard Mitigation Plan Section IV
Mitigation Strategy

Mitigation Goal 4: Improve the town's communication network in order
to better disseminate information.
Improving the town's communication network is not limited to the various town
departments and how they communicate with each other, but also in cludes how well the
town is able to communicate with its citizens and visitors. The Town of Atlantic Beach
currently operates its own 911 emergency dispatch center for incoming and outgoing
emergency calls from individual citizens. The town also maintains a site on the world wide
web as a means of informing its citizenry. In terms of interdepartmental communication,
the town operates its own network facility and web hosting through several private
contractors.

Mitigation Objective 4.1 Improve E-911 :System to provide more consistent service to
residents and visitors of Atlantic Beach.

Mitigation Implementation Measures

4.1.1 Work with Sprint (contracted telecommunications provider) to provide automatic
rollover to county backup system rather than manually havin g to call and notify
them of rollover necessity.

4.1.2 Explore technologies that can increase or improve the service of cell phone users
dialing 911 within the town.

4.1.3 Upgrade computer equipment in dispatch to allow for faster transm1ss10n of
information and to lessen downtime due to repairs of aging equipment.

Mitigation Objective 4.2 Improve electronic communication between
departments and staff as well as with general public.

Mitigation Implementation Measures
town

4.2.1 Consolidate Town Hall computer network to work as a single networking system
rather than as several individual networks. Firewalls may be established for
individual department security reasons, but network should be single system.

4.2.2 Develop a single IT Department or contact charged with all maintenance and
upgrades to Town Hall computer equipment as well as contacts and contracts with
providers to ensure consistent, dependable, economical delivery of service.

4.2.3 Consolidate resources of ISP services with a single entity rather than having
fragmented services with multiple providers.

4.2.4 Continue distribution of Sea Breeze the Town of Atlantic - quarterly newsletter
mailed to property owners and residents of Atlantic Beach. Include information
about natural hazards and ways to prepare for such as often as possible.
Section IV Page IV-8 Adopted
3/7/05

Town of Atlantic Beach, North Carolina
Hazard Mitigation Plan
Section IV
Mitigation Strategy

4.2.5 Upgrade the town webpage to provide pertinent hazard information and to provide
immediate information before, during, and after a storm or event.

Mitigation Goal 5: Minimize to the fullest extent the impacts of flooding
to the built environment of the Town of Atlantic
Beach.
Atlantic Beach is located on a barrier island surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean and Bogue
Sound. Except for a few locations with older established dune structures, it generally has a
flat topography and is highly susceptible to flooding. Flooding can lead to structural
damage as well as damage to natural resources. During the Town's Community Capability
Assessment it was found that the Town has devised several strategies in the Floodplain
Management Plan, Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance, Zoning Ordinance, and their
Stormwater Management Plans to address the impacts of flooding on the natural and
structural resources of the community. The aim of the following two goals is to continue
addressing the potential for damage to the structural and natural environments of the Town
of Atlantic Beach. Mitigation goal five focuses mainly on the impacts to the structural
environment while goal 6 will focus on the natural resources.

Mitigation Objective 5.1 Maximize efforts to limitjlooding in areas of development.

Mitigation Implementation Measures

5.1.1 Develop a town wide Stormwater management plan to affectively address the
periodic inundations of water that occur in town with heavy spring and summer
showers.

5.1.2 Require stormwater management plans to be submitted and constructed with all new
development occurring within the Town of Atlantic Beach.

5.1.3 In town projects begin the utilization of various pervious surfaces as a way to assist
in the control of stormwater pooling. Atlantic Beach has already begun to use this
strategy in limited instances to reduce the amount of impervious surface being used
in the community but the methods should be expanded to the fullest extent possible.
5.1.4 Revise development ordinances to encourage the utilization of alternatives to
impervious surfaces such as asphalt or concrete. While this should include utilizing
the use of various pervious surfaces in parking lots in recreational areas near the
floodplain.
Section IV Page IV-9 Adopted
3/7/05

Town of Atlantic Beach, North Carolina
Hazard Mitigation Plan
Section IV
Mitigation Strategy

Mitigation Goal 6: Minimize to the fullest extent the impacts of flooding
to the natural environment of the Town of Atlantic
Beach.

Mitigation Objective 6.1 Protect the creeks, marshes and surrounding ecosystems
from the effects of stormwater runoff

Mitigation Implementation Measures

6.1.1 Utilizing GIS and available res urces better locate and map wetlands and marsh
areas in order to provide protections to existing filter areas.

6.1.2 Revise the development ordinances to encourage and incorporate shoreline
vegetation protection along the ABC's in order to protect the character and to help
mitigate flooding.

6.1.3 Revise the development ordinances to encourage shoreline vegetation protection
along canal front lots in addition to bulk heading requirements to further promote
erosion control measures and to offer better water runoff filtration.
6.1.4 Town will provide a natural, vegetative toxin/pollutant filter at the end of all Town
owned roads and streets ending along the sound or ocean fronts.

6.1.5 Revise the development ordinances to encourage and incorporate sand fencingalong
the ocean front lots to promote dune repl enishment and establishment.

6.1.6 Encourage the planting of vegetation along beach dune structures to protect dunes
from the affects of wind and water erosion.

Mitigation Goal 7: Minimize the impacts of erosion on the island
espeda!l.y along the. be.achfront and the watenvays !lj
the sound and canals. - ···

Being an island community the affects of erosion are a fact of life never far from the minds
of the citizens and town leaders of Atlantic Beach. Coastal erosion is, quite often, an effect
of tropical cyclones, wave action, nor'easters and flooding, and is of great concern to the
property owners with beachfront and sound front property. In contrast for residents with
canal front property the affe<.:ts of erosion typically involve the filling in or blockage of the
canals due to sedimentation settling. Understanding the importance of the water dependent
properties and the canals is a main concern to the leaders of Atlantic Beach and efforts are
ongoing to fight the affects of erosion.

The Town of Atlantic Beach is an active participant in beach renourishment projects and
will most likely undertaking another project in the 2004-2005 calendar year. The Town
also initiates small scale channel dredging projects to ensure open flow of boating traffic

Town of Atlantic Beach, North Carolina
Hazard Mitigation Plan
Section IV
Mitigation Strategy

throughout the town. There are also many activities that can be used to reduce the impacts
of erosion and to even prevent it from occurring.

Mitigation Objective 7.1 Minimize the risk of erosion through policy development

Mitigation Implementation Measures

7.1.1 Continue to prioritize beach nourishment as a means of mitigating coastal beach
eros10n.

7.1.2 Revise the development ordinances to encourage and incorporate sand fencing along
the ocean front lots to promote dune replenishment and establishment.

7.1.3 Develop a Beach Management Plan which will include annual monitoring of literal
drift erosion, to address the long -term issue of beach erosion.

7.1.4 Revise the development ordinan ces to encourage shoreline vegetation protection
along canal front lots in addition to bulk heading requirements to further promote
erosion control measures and to offer better water runoff filtration.

7.1.5 Explore the possibility of a Canal Management Plan which would include annual
monitoring of sedimentation fill at the mouths of all canals and periodic monitoring
of all canals to determine the amount of sedimentation occurring within the canal
areas.

Mitigation Goal 8: Minimize the impact of drought

Preparing for drought situations can be somewhat difficult since drought is typically the
result of the long term affects of several conditions: heat and lack of rain. This makes the
potential for drought difficult to predict not to mention that there is little to nothing that can
be done·to make it-rain or c0ntrol the tcnrµeraturcs. Also drought cond:ition ,v H imitcd·- -·
to political ju..-i.sdiction lines and are matters of regional concern. Therefore, the best
it:dmique for mitigating drought become regi onal resource protection and conservation
policies combined with public awareness and community education.

Mitigation Objective 8.1 Minimize the impact of drought through policy development.

Mitigation Implementation Measures

8.1.1 Develop local Water Sho rtage Response Guidelines (in different phases) as a part of
the Town of Atlantic Beach's water distribution plan.

8.1.2 Work with Carteret County, Carolina Water, and other local communities of Bogue
Banks to distribute materials about the hazards of drought a ncl. the policies of the
regional water authorities plans to address such.

Section IV Page IV-10 Adopted
3nl05

Section IV Page IV-11 Adopted
3/7/05

Town of Atlantic Beach, North Carolina
Har.ard Mitigation Plan
Section IV
Mitigation Strategy

8.1.3 Work with above listed communities and utilities to distribute materials on how to
conserve water during periods of drought but also during times of adequate water
supplies.

Mitigation Objective 8.2 Reduce the level of potable water depletion.
Mitigation Implementation Measures

8.2.1 The Town sh ould continue to explore the possibilities of a wastewater/stormwater
reuse program. A stormwater runoff system and a centralized sanitary sewer system
are infrastrncture items that the town needs to actively pursue. Technology is
available that would allow for the reuse of the treated discharge for irrigation and
other such uses, thus allowing for potable drinking water to be conserved.

8.2.2 Inform residents of possible depletion risks due to the affects of other natural events
such as hurricanes or flooding. Provide suggestions and techniques to better prepare
a resident or building in the event of other hazards.

Mitigation Goal 9: Protect groundwaterresources

Groundwater is a valuable resource that if ignored could lead to larger un -repairable
problems in the future. Various documents prepared in thee past for the Town of Atlantic
Beach have indicated that the current policy allowing septic tanks within the community
has led to a high potential for the contamination of groundwater and other natural resources
of the town. For decades, the Town has considered and studied the possibility of the
construction of a centralized sanitary sewerage system although to date no plans have been
·enacted.

,""'

': --...."... .. .
In order to protect the vulnerable aquifer from contamination, the Town should do all it can
to prevent seepage of wastes and toxic elements into the ground. This can be accomplished
by restricting the underground storage of harmful chemicals and toxic wastes including
- cwage·. The-entire Dogilc Banks community·can·assi"S"t•m- thc'P rv?-ect run-=of i t?'t"."gr 0-u:1.<lwate1'-
by cooperating with other local and county governments to ensure a pure potable water
- supply. Sine Atlantit: Beach has ·explored the·possibility·of a town wide sanitary sewerage·--
system, they should take a leadership role in these efforts and consider a possible regional
system supplying this service to the entire island.

Mitigation Objective 9.1 Minimize the risk of ground water contamination.

Mitigation Implementation Measures

9.1.1 The Town shall continue its work with other appropriate utilities in the region to
provide for a continued pure supply of potable water.

9.1.2 Implement a central wastewater collection system. Studies conducted by the Town
have shown that the highest risk to groundwater and to the water of Bogue Sound is

--- ..
Section IV Page IV-12 Adopted
3/7/05

Town of Atlantic Beach, North Carolina
Hazard Mitigation Plan
Section IV
Mitigation Strategy

the septic tank system currently being used to handle the Town's, and the islands
wastewater.

9.1.3 Explore the creation of a Regional wastewater authority to handle all sanitary
sewerage collection on the island of Bogue Banks. This centralized system could
drastically reduce the level of pollutants entering the sound, and could be cost
mutually cost effective system for all communities and their citizens on the island.
9.1.4 Develop a Wastewater Management Ordinance to assist in the control and
governance of the central wastewater system. This ordinance should include a list of
polenlially hazardous materials whose deposit into the central wastewater system
should be prohibited. ·

9.1.5 Develop a Stormwater Management Ordinance to include a list of potentially
hazardous materials that should not be deposited into local drainage systems or
surface waters.

Mitigation Goal 10: Minimize the Impacts of Severe Thunderstorms
A major element of severe thunderstorms is the wind produced and localized flooding that
can occur with heavy inundations of water in a short period of time. Strategies for both
conditions have been identified in earlier parts of this plan, and the suggestions for
mitigation of severe storms will be similar if not identical. A less recognized condition of
severe thunderstorms however has to do with the driving conditions that can be severely
limited during a large storm. Individuals will rarely if ever leave their homes in even a
hurricane, however plenty of advanced warning is available to the threat of such a storm. A
severe storm can "pop up" and often catch drivers while on the road. Educating the public
of the importance of vehicle maintenance and driving conditions is a key factor to
mitigating this concern.

Mitigation Objective 10.1 Increase driver awareness of safely operating vehicles
during thunderstorms or severe downpours.
•·' - ..... - . ·· 0 -. -···"' - ·.·-··- . ... .....,_c.... _ - - - -

Mitigation Implementation Measures- --
·- ··- ··---··
.,.,... . ·- --- . ;-=·-- :--· ·- ......... :..·_: .. ::...·:·.

. . •· _ ...·,.• ...... --·-"' ...
10.1.1 To improve driver awareness develop and distribute informational brochures on
road safety during severe thunderstorms.
10.1.2 Have the Atlantic Beach Police Department hold an open house or seminar to stress
the importance of vehicle maintenance, especially tire wear, and its affects on
driving conditions during inclement weather.

Mitigation Objective 10.2 Increase driving safety during thunderstorms

Mitigation Implementation Measures

10.2.1 Implement a stormwater management program that will assist in diverting water off
town roadways in the event of periodic localized heavy rains.
Section IV Page IV-13 Adopted
3/7/05

Town of Atlantic Beach, North Carolina
Hazard Mitigation Plan
Section IV
Mitigation Strategy

10.2.2 Assure reflective tape or paint markings along streets are in good condition, and
replace as necessary. Work with the NCDOT to encourage likewise along all state
roads and highways.

Mitigation Goal 11: Minimize the impacts of tornadoe·s and waterspouts on
life and property.
Tornadoes and waterspouts are typically generated by and seen during a severe
thunderstorm therefore the strategies for addressing tornadoes and waterspouts are similar
to and can be in conjunction with the strategies for thunderstorms.

The largest impact of tornadoes and waterspouts is the destruction caused by the excessive
winds produced. In earlier goals identified within this plan the issue of reducing structural
damage as a result of high wind is addressed through the contin ued implementation of the
North Carolina State Building Code. Earlier goals also address community education and
public information which provide the community with needed information on how to
prepare and mitigate for this hazard. The most important aspect however, is letting the
public know when a system producing tornadoes is near.

Mitigation Objective 11.1 Maximize Citizen Preparedness for Tornadoes.

Mitigation Implementation Measures

11.1.1 Develop and distribute informational brochures on tomados, waterspouts, and the
signs of severe thunderstorms.

11.1.2 Utilize the resources of the NOAA Facility located in nearby Morehead City to
become more aware of the factors or conditions causing tornadoes and waterspouts.

11.1.3 Educate the general public to the importance of weather alert radios and systems
that can operate on alternative power and can provide up to the moment information
regarding tlie locat iomr of seVei'e storms aHd. possible tohiadoes.· ··· ·· --· -- -

Mitigation Goa/ 12·: Minimize Risk ofFire·

As earlier identified in this study the affects of a large natural fire hazard would have a very ·
limited possibility of causing much damage within the Town of Atlantic Beach. However,
current development patterns of the town have created situations that fires could cause
considerable damage to multiple structures in the event of a large fire occurring in a
building and spreading to adjacent structures.

The Town of Atlantic Beach has a very well equipped and professional fire department. It
should be a priority of the town to continue its training and development of this department
in an effort to provide the highest level of service to its residents.
Section IV Page IV-14 Adopted
3/7/05

Town of Atlantic Beach, North Carolina
Hazard Mitigation Plan
Section IV
Mitigation Strategy

Mitigation Objective 12.1 lvfaintain a current action plan for fire response.

Mitigation Implementation Measures

12.1.1 Maintain fire event preparedness.

12.1.2 Maintain reciprocal mutual aid agreements with surrounding communities for fire
protection.
Mitigation Objective 12.2 Utilize the best available technology to identify and fight
fires.

Mitigation Implementation Measures

12.2.1 Explore and seek access to all potential sources of information and communication
regarding early fire detection.

12.2.2 Evaluate and improve information to the general public as to how to best sight a fire
and report it to the appropriate agency.

12.2.3 Continue the preventative maintenance efforts to ensure the fire hydrants and
equipment are working properly.

12.2.4 Continue training efforts of the department, and expand where feasible.

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;_::.. ,:;_ .·. · - - -

Appendix IV
Policy/Implementing Action
Definitions of Common Terms

1. Should: An officially adopted course or method of action intended to be followed to
implement the community goals. Though not mandatory as “shall,” it is still an obligatory
course of action unless clear reasons can be identified that an exception is warranted.
Town staff and Planning Board involved at all levels from planning to implementation.

2. Continue: Follow past and present procedures to maintain desired goal, usually with Town
staff involved at all levels from planning to implementation.

3. Encourage: Foster the desired goal through Town policies. Could involve Town financial
assistance.

4. Enhance: Improve current goal to a desired state through the use of policies and Town
staff at all levels of planning. This could include financial support.

5. Identify: Catalog and confirm resource or desired item(s) through the use of Town staff
and actions.

6. Implement: Actions to guide the accomplishment of the Plan recommendations.

7. Maintain: Keep in good condition the desired state of affairs through the use of Town
policies and staff. Financial assistance should be provided if needed.

8. Prevent: Stop described event through the use of appropriate Town policies, staff actions,
Planning Board actions, and Town finances, if needed.

9. Promote: Advance the desired state through the use of Town policies and Planning Board
and staff activity at all levels of planning. This may include financial support.

10. Protect: Guard against a deterioration of the desired state through the use of Town
policies, staff, and, if needed, financial assistance.

11. Provide: Take the lead role in supplying the needed financial and staff support to achieve
the desired goal. The Town is typically involved in all aspects from planning to
implementation to maintenance.

12. Strengthen: Improve and reinforce the desired goal through the use of Town policies,
staff, and, if necessary, financial assistance.

13. Support: Supply the needed staff support, policies, and financial assistance at all levels to
achieve the desired goal.

14. Work: Cooperate and act in a manner through the use of Town staff, actions, and policies
to create the desired goal.