Comprehensive LUP - 2018

Sunset Beach
Unified Development Ordinance
Town of
Town of Windsor:
Comprehensive CAMA
Land Use Plan
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION
A.Plan Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1
B.Planning Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2
C.Development of the Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3
D.Health, Wellness, and the Built Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3
E.Regional Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4
F.History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6
SECTION 2. COMMUNITY PROFILE
A.Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1
B.Health & Wellness Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1
C.Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4
1.Population Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4
2.Seasonal Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6
3.Population by Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6
4.Gender & Racial Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6
D.Housing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7
1.Dwelling Unit Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7
2.Dwelling Unit Type/Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8
3.Dwelling Unit Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8
4.Housing Cost/Affordability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9
E.Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10
1.Employment by Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10
2.Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-11
3.Vehicle Available & Travel Time to Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12
4.Educational Attainment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12
5.Quality of Life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-13
F.Community Profile Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-14
SECTION 3. ENVIRONMENT/EXISTING CONDITIONS
A.Health Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1
1.Medical Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1
2.Mental Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3
3.Adult and Senior Care Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4
4.Dental Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-5
5.Access to Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-5
B.Environmental Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6
1.Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6
Table of Contents
October 12, 2017 Page i
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
2.Geology and Topography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6
3.Water Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7
4.Flood Hazard Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-9
5.Manmade Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-15
6.Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-15
7.Environmentally Fragile Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-19
8.Areas of Resource Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-24
9.Chronic Wastewater Treatment System Malfunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-27
10.Public Health Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-27
11.Water Quality, Natural Hazards, and Natural Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-27
C.Existing Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-30
1.Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-30
2.Existing Land Use Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-30
D.Community Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-33
1.Law Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-33
2.Fire Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-35
3.Emergency Medical Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-35
4.Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-35
5.Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-37
6.Parks and Recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-37
7.Historic, Cultural, and Scenic Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-38
8.Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-41
9.Water System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-41
10.Sewer System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-42
11.Solid Waste Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-44
12.Electric Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-44
13.Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-44
14.Stormwater Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-44
E.Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-47
1.Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-47
2.Public Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-47
3.Bicycle, Pedestrian, and Multi-Use Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-47
4.Air Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-48
5.Rail and Port Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-48
6.Traffic Volume Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-48
F.Land Suitability, Preference, and Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-50
1.Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-50
2.Land Suitability Analysis Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-51
3.Objectives and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-51
4.Agriculture Suitability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-52
5.Conservation Suitability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-54
6.Urban Development Suitability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-56
Page ii October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
7.Land Use Conflict Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-58
G.Current Plans, Policies, and Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-61
1.Unified Development Ordinance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-61
2.Utilities Extension Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-62
3.Minimum Housing Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-62
4.Federal Flood Insurance Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-62
5.North Carolina State Building Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-62
6.Historic District Ordinance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-62
7.Town of Windsor CAMA Land Use Plan Update, 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-63
8.Town of Windsor Water Supply Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-63
9.Hazard Mitigation Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-64
H.Environment/Existing Conditions Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-65
SECTION 4. PROJECTIONS/FUTURE DEMAND
A.Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1
B.Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1
C.Housing Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3
D.Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5
E.Commercial Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5
F.Industrial Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5
G.Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-6
H.Recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7
1.Windsor Parks/Recreation Facilities Level of Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7
2.Elm Street Campground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-8
3.Windsor Greenway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9
I.Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-11
J.Water System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-11
L.Sewer System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-11
L.Solid Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-11
M.Police, Fire, and Rescue Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-11
N.Stormwater Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-12
O.Health and Wellness Assessment/Future Land Use Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-12
1.Chronic Disease Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-12
2.Food and Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-13
3.Access to Physical Activity and Recreation Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-15
4.Active Transportation Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-16
SECTION 5. FUTURE LAND USE
A.Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-1
B.Land Use Acreages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3
1.Commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3
2.Mixed Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-4
October 12, 2017 Page iii
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
3.Office/Institutional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-5
4.High Density Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-5
5.Medium Density Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-6
6.Rural Residential/Agricultural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-6
7.Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-7
8.Industrial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-8
SECTION 6. GOALS AND IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIES
A.Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-1
B.Policies Regarding Land Use and Development in AECs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-2
C.Land Use Plan Management Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-4
1.Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-4
2.Public Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-4
3.Land Use Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-6
4.Infrastructure Carrying Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-10
5.Natural Hazard Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-12
6.Water Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-13
7.Local Areas of Concern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-15
8.Health and Wellness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-18
SECTION 7. TOOLS FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT
A.Guide for Land Use Decision Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1
B.Existing Development Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1
C.Continuing Planning Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1
D.Land Use Plan Amendments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-3
E.Citizen Participation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-4
F.Required Periodic Implementation Status Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-4
TABLES
Table 1. Population Growth, 1990 to 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4
Table 2. Population by Age, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6
Table 3. Population by Race, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7
Table 4. Housing Characteristics, 2000 and 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7
Table 5. Dwelling Unit Type/Condition, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8
Table 6. Dwelling Unit Age, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8
Table 7. Housing Cost/Affordability, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9
Table 8. Windsor Employment and Wage by Industry, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10
Table 9. Bertie County Top 25 Employers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10
Table 10. Median Household Income, 2000 and 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-11
Table 11. Vehicle Availability and Travel Time to Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12
Table 12. Educational Attainment, 2000 to 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-13
Page iv October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Table 13. Bertie County Key Quality of Life Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-13
Table 14. Health Professionals per 10,000 Population Ratios (2013). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-5
Table 15. Town of Windsor Flood Hazard Acreage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-9
Table 16. Town of Windsor Hurricane Storm Surge Inundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-12
Table 17. Town of Windsor Prime Farmland Acreage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-17
Table 18. Town of Windsor Hydric Soils Acreage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-18
Table 19. Town of Windsor Wetland Acreage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-21
Table 20. Natural Heritage Natural Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-23
Table 21. NC Division of Water Quality Water Body Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-26
Table 22. Town of Windsor Water Bodies and Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-26
Table 23. Existing Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-31
Table 24. Town of Windsor Crime Data, 2007-2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-33
Table 25. Bertie County Public Schools Serving Windsor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-35
Table 26. Town of Windsor 2015 Water Use/Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-42
Table 27. Town of Windsor 2015 Sewer Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-42
Table 28. Land Use Analysis Attribute Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-50
Table 29. Land Use Preference and Conflict Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-59
Table 30. Northeast Region Population Projections, 2015-2045 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2
Table 31. Windsor Vacant Zoning Acreages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3
Table 32. Estimated Population Growth and Household Characteristics, 2010-2045 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3
Table 33. Full Service Groceries in Windsor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-14
Table 34. Town of Windsor Future Land Use Map Acreages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3
MAPS
Map 1. Regional Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5
Map 2. Socioeconomic Status (SES). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3
Map 3. North Carolina Population Change 2010-2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5
Map 4. North Carolina Net Migration 2010-2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5
Map 5. Surface Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8
Map 6. Flood Hazard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-10
Map 7. SLOSH - Fast Moving Hurricane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13
Map 8. SLOSH - Slow Moving Hurricane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-14
Map 9. Prime Farmland Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-17
Map 10. Hydric Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-18
Map 11 Wetlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-22
Map 12. Natural Heritage Program Natural Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-24
Map 13. River Basins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-28
Map 14. Existing Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-32
Map 15. Community Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-34
Map 16. Historic Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-40
Map 17. Water and Sewer Service Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-43
October 12, 2017 Page v
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Map 18. Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-49
Map 19. Agriculture Suitability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-53
Map 20. Conservation Suitability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-55
Map 21. Urban Development Suitability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-57
Map 22. Land Use Preference and Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-60
Map 23. Vacant Residential Parcels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-4
Map 24. Windsor Pedestrian Accessibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-6
Map 25. Population Vulnerable to Chronic Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-13
Map 26. Full-Service Grocery Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-14
Map 27. Proximity to Public Open Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-15
Map 28. Active Transportation Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-16
Map 29. Future Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2
FIGURES
Figure 1. Infectious Diseases Versus Chronic Diseases, 1880-2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-12
APPENDICES
Appendix A. Endangered/Threatened Species, Federal Species of Concern, & Candidate Species
Appendix B. NC DEQ Natural Heritage Program Heritage Data by County
Appendix C. Northeastern NC Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Strategies
Appendix D. Policy/Implementing Action Definition of Terms
Appendix E. Town of Windsor Soil Characteristics
Appendix F. Potential Enhancement Recommendations 2013 Parks & Recreation Master Plan
Page vi October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Matrix for Land Use Plan Elements - 15A NCAC 7B.0702
Page Reference(s)
Organization of the Plan
!Matrix that shows the location of the required elements as set forth in this Rule.vii to xii
Community Concerns and Aspirations
!Description of the dominant growth-related conditions that influence land use,
development, water quality and other environmental conditions in the
planning area.
1-3
!Description of the land use and development topics most important to the
future of the planning area including:
"Public Access
"Land Use Compatibility
"Infrastructure Carrying Capacity
"Natural Hazard Areas
"Water Quality
1-3
6-4
6-6
6-10
6-12
6-13
Community Vision
!Description of the general physical appearance and form that represents the
local government’s plan for the future. It shall include objectives to be
achieved by the plan and identify changes that may be needed to achieve the
planning vision.
1-3
Existing and Emerging Conditions
Population, Housing, and Economy
Discussion of the following data and trends:
!Permanent population growth trends using data from the two most decennial
Censuses.
2-4
!Current permanent and seasonal population estimates.2-4 to 2-6
!Key population characteristics including age and income.2-6, 2-7, 2-11
!Thirty-year projections of permanent and seasonal population in five-year
increments.
4-1, 4-2
!Estimate of current housing stock, including permanent and seasonal units,
tenure, and types of units (single-family, multi-family, and manufactured).
2-6 to 2-9
!Description of employment by major sectors and community economic activity.2-10 to 2-13
Natural Systems
Description of natural features in the planning jurisdiction to include:
!Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs) as set forth in Subchapter 15A NCAC
07H.
3-19 to 3-24
!Soil characteristics, including limitations for septic tanks, erodibility, and other
factors related to development.
3-15 to 3-18
October 12, 2017 Page vii
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Page Reference(s)
Natural Systems (continued)
!Environmental Management Commission (EMC) water quality classifications
and related use support designations.
3-7, 3-8, 3-25, 3-26
!Division of Marine Fisheries (DMF) shellfish growing areas and water quality
conditions.
3-25 to 3-30
!Flood and other natural hazard areas.3-9 to 3-10
!Storm surge areas.3-11 to 3-14
!Non-coastal wetlands, including forested wetlands, shrub-scrub wetlands and
freshwater wetlands.
3-20 to 3-22
!Water supply watersheds or wellhead protection areas.3-26
!Primary nursery areas.3-27
!Environmentally fragile areas, such as wetlands, natural heritage areas, areas
containing endangered species, prime wildlife habitats, or maritime forests.
3-20 to 3-24
!Additional natural features or conditions identified by the local government.N/A
Environmental Conditions
Discussion of environmental conditions within the planning jurisdiction to include
an assessment of the following conditions and features:
!Status and changes of surface water quality, including:
"Impaired streams from the most recent Division of Water Resources (DWR)
Basin Planning Branch reports.
"Clean Water Act 303 (d) list.
"Other comparable data.
3-7, 3-25 to 3-30
3-27
N/A
!Current situation and trends on permanent and temporary closures of
shellfishing waters as determined by the Report of Sanitary Survey by the
Shellfish Sanitation and Recreational Water Quality Section of the DMF.
3-26
!Areas experiencing chronic wastewater treatment malfunctions.3-26
!Areas with water quality or public health problems related to non-point source
pollution.
3-26
!Areas subject to recurrent flooding, storm surges, and high winds.3-9 to 3-14
!Areas experiencing significant shoreline erosion as evidenced by the presence
of threatened structures or public facilities.
3-23
!Environmentally fragile areas (as defined in Part (c)(2)(A)(ix) of this Rule) or
areas where resource functions are impacted as a result of development.
3-19 to 3-24
!Natural resource areas that are being impacted or lost as a result of
incompatible development. These may include, but are not limited to the
following: coastal wetlands, protected open space, and agricultural land.
3-19
Page viii October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Page Reference(s)
Existing Land Use and Development
!Map of existing land use patterns.
"Description of the existing land use patterns.
"Estimates of the land area allocated to each land use category.
"Characteristics of each land use category.
3-30 to 3-32
!Map of historic, cultural, and scenic areas designated by a state or federal
agency or by the local government.
"Descriptions of the historic, cultural, and scenic areas.
3-38 to 3-40
Community Facilities
Evaluation of existing and planned capacity, location and adequacy of community
facilities to include:
!Map of existing and planned public and private water supply service areas.
"Description of existing public and private water supply systems to include:
-Existing condition.
-Existing capacity.
-Documented overflows, bypasses, or other problems that may
degrade water quality or constitute a threat to public health as
documented by the DWR.
-Future water supply needs based on population projections.
3-43
3-41 to 3-42
4-11
!Map of existing and planned public and private wastewater service areas.
"Description of existing public and private wastewater systems to include:
-Existing condition.
-Existing capacity.
-Documented overflows, bypasses, or other problems that may
degrade water quality or constitute a threat to public health as
documented by the DWR.
-Future wastewater system needs based on population projections.
3-43
3-42
4-11
!Map of existing and planned multimodal transportation systems and port and
airport facilities.
"Description of any highway segments deemed by the NC Department of
Transportation (NCDOT) as having unacceptable service as documented on
the most recent NCDOT Transportation and/or Thoroughfare Plan.
"Description of highway facilities on the current thoroughfare plan or
current transportation improvement plan.
"Description of the impact of existing transportation facilities on land use
patterns.
"Description of the existing public stormwater management system.
"Identification of existing drainage problems and water quality issues
related to point source discharges of stormwater runoff.
3-49, 4-6, 4-10
3-47 to 3-49
4-6 to 4-7
4-7
3-44 to 3-46
3-44
October 12, 2017 Page ix
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Policy
Citation(s)
Page
Reference(s)
Future Land Use
Policies
!Policies that exceed the use standards and permitting requirements
found in Subchapter 7H, State Guidelines for Areas of Environmental
Concern.
N/A 6-2
Policies that address the Coastal Resources Commission’s (CRC’s)
management topics:
Public Access Management Goal:
Maximize public access to the beaches and the public trust waters of the
coastal region.
The planning objectives for public access are local government plan
policies that:
!Address access needs and opportunities.P.1, P.2, P.3,
P.4, I.1, I.2, I.4,
I.5, I.6
6-5
!Identify strategies to develop public access.P.2, P.3, P.4,
I.1, I.5
6-5
!Address provisions for all segments of the community, including
persons with disabilities.
P.2, I.5 6-5
!For oceanfront communities, establish access policies for beach areas
targeted for nourishment.
N/A N/A
Land Use Compability Management Goal:
Ensure that development and use of resources or preservation of land balance
protection of natural resources and fragile areas with economic development,
and avoids risks to public health, safety, and welfare.
The planning objectives for land use compatibility are local government
plan policies that:
!Characterize future land use and development patterns.P.5 to P.17,
P.19, I.7, I.9.
I.10
6-6 to 6-10
!Establish mitigation criteria and concepts to minimize conflicts.P.7, P.8, P.12,
P.13, P.15,
P.16, P.18,
P.19, P.21,
P.23, P.24,
P.25, P.26,
P.28, I.9, I.11,
I.13, I.16, I.17,
I.18, I.20
6-6 to 6-10
Page x October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Policy
Citation(s)
Page
Reference(s)
Infrastructure Carrying Capacity Management Goal:
Ensure that public infrastructure systems are sized, located, and managed so
the quality and productivity of AECs and other fragile areas are protected or
restored.
The planning objectives for infrastructure carrying capacity are local
government plan policies that:
!Establish service criteria.P.29, P.31,
I.22, I.23, I.25
6-10 to 6-11
!Ensure improvements minimize impacts to AECs and other fragile
areas.
P.30, I.25, I.26,
I.27
6-10 to 6-11
Natural Hazard Areas Management Goal:
Conserve and maintain barrier dunes, beaches, floodplains, and other coastal
features for their natural storm protection functions and their natural resources
giving recognition to public health, safety, and welfare issues.
The planning objectives for natural hazard areas are local government plan
policies that:
!Establish mitigation and adaptation concepts and criteria for
development and redevelopment, including public facilities.
P.40, P.42,
I.30, I.31, I.32,
I.33, I.35
6-12 to 6-13
!Minimize threats to life, property, and natural resources resulting from
erosion, high winds, storm surge, flooding, or other natural hazards.
P.39, P.44, I.35 6-12 to 6-13
Water Quality Management Goal:
Maintain, protect, and where possible, enhance water quality in all coastal
wetlands, rivers, streams, and estuaries.
The planning objectives for water quality are local government plan
policies that:
!Establish strategies and practices to prevent or control nonpoint
source pollution.
P.46, P.47,
P.53, I.37, I.41
6-14 to 6-15
!Establish strategies and practices to maintain or improve water quality P.48, P.49,
P.51, P.53,
I.38, I.39, I.41
6-14 to 6-15
October 12, 2017 Page xi
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Policy
Citation(s)
Page
Reference(s)
Future Land Use Map Page Reference(s)
!Map of future land uses that depicts the policies for growth and
development and the desired future patterns of land use and
development with consideration given to natural system constraints
and infrastructure.
"Descriptions of land uses and development associated with the
future land use map designations.
5-2
5-1 to 5-8
Tools for Managing Development
!Description of the role of plan policies, including the future land use
map, in local decisions regarding land use and development.
7-1 to 7-4
!Description of the community’s development management program,
including local ordinances, codes, and other plans and policies.
3-61 to 3-64, 7-1 to 7-4
Action Plan and Implementation Schedule
!Description of actions that will be taken by the local government to
implement policies that meet the CRC’s management topic goals and
objectives, specifying fiscal year(s) in which each action is anticipated
to start and finish.
6-4 to 6-18, 7-1 to 7-4
!Identification of specific steps the local government plans to take to
implement the policies, including adoption and amendment of local
ordinances, other plans, and special projects.
7-1 to 7-4
Page xii October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
A.Plan Purpose
North Carolina legislation encourages all jurisdictions to
have an adopted comprehensive plan. However, there are
broader and more important reasons to engage in the
planning process. Planning should begin with
understanding Windsor and its people and learning how to
care for them. Choices must be made about the natural,
manmade, and financial resources in the town.
Overall, this plan will accomplish the following objectives:
!Develop a clear vision statement for the Town of
Windsor;
!Address concerns of plan stakeholders & Windsor residents;
!Provide demographic/economic analysis and forecasts;
!Address land use, environment, public facilities, and transportation;
!Provide health & wellness initiatives;
!Provide compliance with CAMA Guidelines NCAC 7B.
The following provides a concise definition of a town-sponsored Comprehensive Plan:
A comprehensive plan is a statement by the community of what it is today, and what it would like
to be in the future. A comprehensive plan is an official public document adopted by the chief
legislative body.
This plan will include an assessment of existing conditions, projection of future needs for topics
relating to land use and development, and a comprehensive listing of goals and strategies. Because
the Town of Windsor is located in one of the twenty Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) counties,
the plan will also address issues relating specifically to coastal growth and development. Specifically,
this document will comply with 15A NCAC Subchapter 7B, “Land Use Planning Requirements,” as
amended February 1, 2016, and Subchapter 7H, “State Guidelines for Areas of Environmental
Concern,” as amended April 1, 2016.
The Town of Windsor Comprehensive Plan differs from a traditional plan in that its contents includes
health information gained from the 2010 Bertie County Community Health Assessment. Normally, a
traditional plan addresses demographics, housing, economy, existing physical environmental
conditions, transportation, and future land use - without any reference to health and wellness. This
Section 1. Introduction
We plan our days, weddings, and vacations to ensure
things don't go awry. Planning our built environment
for growth and development provides guidance to
community leaders and decision makers for a path
forward.Photo Courtesy of the Town of Windsor.
October 12, 2017 Page 1-1
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
plan includes components of the traditional planning model which are coordinated with identified
health issues/needs.
Health concerns involve a wide range of community issues which are addressed by the plan. Those
health topics include: recreation, public safety, clean water, active transportation (multi-modal), clean
air, emergency preparedness, adequate housing, active living, physical activity, overall environmental
health, infrastructure, and care for the aging.
B.Planning Process
The adoption of this plan by the Town of Windsor is not the end but rather the beginning of an
ongoing process. This process includes five (5) essential elements:
1.Study and Analysis. The Town of Windsor must study land use, population trends, the
economic base of the town, and physiographic features.
2.Plan or Policy Preparation. The comprehensive plan must provide a basic statement of how
the town will develop, in what direction, and at what pace.
3.Basic Goals. The Town of Windsor must consider basic goals including: Do we want to grow?
Do we want to be a center for high-tech industry? What balance do we want between growth
and preservation of the natural environment?
4.Implementation. To implement the plan, the town must use such tools as land use
regulations, capital improvements programs, and general guidelines for private development
and public investment.
5.Monitoring and Feedback. The town must continually evaluate how well the plan’s policies are
being carried out, whether the goals are realistic, and whether new, unanticipated conditions
have occurred. Feedback may become the basis for redesign of this plan.
Specifically, this plan will:
!Review historical data.
!Discuss principal issues.
!Define problems associated with growth.
!Define main trends and produce forecasts.
!Define healthy eating and active living issues/community needs.
!Define public, private, or public-private programs which should be implemented or improved.
!Define goals, policies, and implementing actions.
Page 1-2 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
C.Development of the Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
The development of this plan update was initiated in 2016 by the Windsor Board of Commissioners.
The town’s Planning Board was appointed by the Board of Commissioners to oversee plan
development. The Planning Board members are:
!David Jennette, Jr., Chairman
!Elizabeth Huff, Vice-Chairman
!Jack Curlings
!Carroll Williams
!Denise Johnson
!Ann Spivey
!Caroline Copeland
Throughout the process, the Planning Board endeavored to support the town’s vision statement.
Land use development, water quality, and other environmental conditions in the planning area are
influenced by continued out-migration from Bertie County and the repetitive flooding of the Town by
the Cashie River. Both of these issues result in depressed economic conditions. In addition, the
following CAMA issues will be discussed: public access, land use compatibility, infrastructure carrying
capacity, natural hazard areas, and water quality.
D.Health, Wellness, and the Built Environment
Public health and wellness is affected in many ways by the design of the built environment, which is
defined as the environment as humans have shaped it - including roadways, buildings, parks, and
neighborhoods. In Windsor, as in other places across the country, the design of our roadways,
residential developments, and settlement patterns all contribute to the relative health and wellness of
citizens. For the purposes of this plan, wellness is defined in the physical dimension as the need for
regular physical activity and physical development that encourages learning about diet and nutrition.
The diagram below summarizes the impact of land use and transportation systems on our built
environment. Land use and transportation planning lay the foundation for changes to our built
Town of Windsor Vision Statement
Windsor will expand its economic base, including tourism, retail and wholesale trade, real estate
and construction, and industrial development. Windsor will preserve its environmentally sensitive
areas and support responsible development along its shorelines. A balanced community will be
achieved which supports educational improvements, recreational opportunities, protection of its
historic resources and preservation of its small town atmosphere.
October 12, 2017 Page 1-3
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
environment, and in turn, the effects to our air and water quality, level of motor vehicle use, and ease
of access to open space amenities (physical activity opportunities).
In the United States, the automobile is often the dominant
force driving urban design. The vast demand for private
vehicular transportation regularly dictates the scale of our
streets, the relationship between buildings, and the speed at
which we experience our environment.
Land use decisions can also have an effect on the health and
wellness of individuals. Studies have shown that urban areas
with a range of land uses increase the walkability of an area
and subsequently lessen vehicular miles of travel. Traditional
zoning districts often restrict multiple uses making new
development single use in nature and thus contributing to a
lack of walkability and interconnectivity.
The creation of the health and wellness related elements in the comprehensive plan use multiple
academic and research based reports to establish an information base related to health and the built
environment. Local health related data has been gleaned from public health officials, and the 2010
Bertie County Community Health Assessment.
E.Regional Location
The Town of Windsor is located in south-central Bertie County, which is located in northeastern North
Carolina, in the Coastal Plain region of the state. The county is situated approximately 65 miles west
of the Atlantic Ocean. The nearest metropolitan area is Greenville, North Carolina which is located 35
miles to the south. The county is 75 miles from the Outer Banks, 100 miles east of Raleigh, and 90
miles southwest of Norfolk, Virginia.
Human Scale - A built environment more tailored to
the needs of pedestrians and cyclists versus the
automobile.Photo Courtesy of HCP, Inc.
Page 1-4 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Bertie County’s western border is shared with Halifax County. To the north, the county is bounded by
Hertford County, to the south by Martin County and the Roanoke River, and to the east by Chowan
County, the Chowan River, and the Albemarle Sound. The nearest interstate highway is Interstate 95,
50 miles west of the county. US Highways 13 and 17 run through the center of Bertie County. These
roads provide a direct connection with US 64, which leads to the Outer Banks to the east and Raleigh
to the west. US Highway 17 connects the county to Wilmington in the south; US Highway 11
connects the county to Southern Virginia to the north and Greenville, NC to the south.
Windsor is situated within the county at approximately the midway point between Raleigh/Wake
County, North Carolina to the west and the North Carolina coast to the east. US Highways 17 and 13
are the major roads that regionally connect with the Town. Map 1 depicts the Town's regional
location.
October 12, 2017 Page 1-5
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
F.History
The following history of the Town of Windsor is excerpted from the town’s website:
“In Bertie County from 1722 to 1769, the county seat was what we call Hoggard Mill. The first
courthouse, public warehouses, jail, grist mill, saw mill and various other commercial
buildings were located at Hoggard Mill. For many years court met and ships were loaded at
the Hoggard Mill section where the bridge stands today. The Cashie, leading up to Hoggard
Mill was very long and narrow. There was a landing lower down on the river know as Gray's
Landing. John, Lord Carteret, Earl of Granville, sold John Gray 1000 acres of Rose Field
Plantation. William Gray inherited this plantation and river landing from his father John. By
1750, the Cashie River had a large population and court activities. Trade shifted from Hoggard
Mill to Gray's Landing by the 1760's, so much that William Gray offered 100 acres of Rose Field
for the construction of a new town. The petition for a new town was presented to the
assembly in the state of North Carolina. The petition said that a certain tract of land at Gray's
Landing may be erected into a town. Since there was a courthouse already at what is now
know as Hoggard Mill or Cashie. The government
took petition under Advisement, and finally a
committee voted Gray's Landing as the best site on
which to build a new town. The main factors
affecting the committees decision was the crooked,
narrow condition of the river past Gray's Landing to
reach the courthouse at Hoggard Mills. The
committee returned a December 1767 report
favoring Gray's landing and thus on January 8, 1768,
the assembly passed an act to create New Windsor on
the Cashie River.
A group of commissioners were appointed to sell lots upon which the purchaser had two
years to build a suitable house at least 16 foot square and with a brick chimney. Upon the
establishment of the new town, an additional bill was introduced to move the courthouse and
prison to Windsor. However, this met with stiff opposition from the people at Hoggard Mill,
and for a number of years no decision was made.
In 1733, a new petition was introduced before the colonial assembly, to create a courthouse at
Windsor. In 1774, the assembly appointed a group of men to build a courthouse, prison and
county building in the town of Windsor. In 1775, Samuel Milbourn sold these commissioners
lot #98 to build the courthouse upon. This is the same location of the courthouse now
standing in Windsor.
Photo Courtesy of the Town of Windsor.
Page 1-6 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Since the Revolutionary War was at hand, the
courthouse building project had to be set aside for a
period of years. Records show that an extension was
granted on the courthouse in 1777, 1782 and 1784.
Samuel Milbourn was a tavern owner in Windsor and
he rented his tavern to the county to hold court for a
period of years. The courthouse in Windsor was
probably finished in the mid 1780's.
In 1769, a ferry from Windsor over to what is now Bertie, was operated. In 1776 this ferry, over
to Virginia's point was replaced with a drawbridge, one of the first in North Carolina. The first
business to appear in the new town of Windsor were mostly merchants, shipping and
receiving goods from England. The chief products exported were what we refer to as navel
products - tar, pitch, turpentine and products used in the ship building industry. Staves and
wheat products were also shipped out to England.
One of the earliest industries in Windsor was a brick mill. Samuel Milbourn had a brickyard in
the vicinity of king, Spring and Broad Streets. In 1788, another industry had been created in
Windsor when William Gray built a shipyard at what is now called county farm. Many small
vessels were built and repaired there.
By 1832, Windsor had grown until it had its own newspaper, The Windsor Herald. Numerous
businesses were listed in the advertisements of the paper- lawyers, medical students, free
medical doctors, carpenters, tailors, blacksmiths, ice houses, cotton merchants, turpentine
stills, printing offices and over twenty other dwellings. On the social side, most activities were
centered around churches and religion, but just north of Windsor, on what is now the Powell
& Stokes farm, there was a racetrack and every Sunday races were held. Most of the town
came out to bet on and watch the horses race. It became the scene of social gatherings in the
state.
Also by 1722, a Masonic lodge was born in Windsor, Chartered as Royal Edmond Lodge, IV. It
was renamed Charity Lodge in 1842. They have maintained their building in downtown
Windsor since 1843. It is one of the oldest continuous masonic lodges in the state.
Windsor's role in the Civil War was basically that of many of the small rural towns in the south,
they furnished whole companies commanded by elected officers from membership in this
county. Windsor was not spared from the ravages of the Civil war because after the fall of
Roanoke Island, several forces occupied the entire area. Frequently, troops came through
Windsor. There were several small scrimmages in and around Windsor and Edenton between
union and confederate forces. During the civil War, the price of everything available soared
Photo Courtesy of the Town of Windsor.
October 12, 2017 Page 1-7
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
out of sight. Food, clothing and metal products were all extremely scarce and only available
at extremely high prices. The cotton market dried up and they could not get cotton out to
England where it could be sold. Some small amounts of cotton were smuggled to England,
but farming was at a standstill. At the end of the war, the trade gradually built back up.
The development of several steamship lines, one
being Windsor and Plymouth steamship route, was
completed in 1874. Steamships began to carry the
products raised in this section out to Norfolk, Virginia
and Baltimore, Maryland. Fertilizers, farm supplies
and food supplies were brought in by steamship
lines. To travel to Norfolk by land was almost
impossible. The people traveled by boat on the
freight lines back and forth to productive cities.
In 1888, Windsor suffered a terrible fire. Almost an entire block of the town of Windsor was
destroyed. Most of the buildings were wood and once a fire started it was almost impossible
to put it out. The wind was blowing in such a way that a good portion of the town was
spared, but it was the most disastrous fire that Windsor ever had.
Soon by the early 1900's the railroads became a
connecting link between the steamship lines and
points north. Products including lumber from
various mills were brought by rail to Windsor making
it somewhat of a port of entry for the area. Over the
next few years more railroads were built causing the
steamship lines to become a thing of the past. The
railroads were responsible for the development of
the lumber industries and expedited the handling of
farm produce that was grown in the area.
Photo Courtesy of the Town of Windsor
Photo Courtesy of the Town of Windsor
Page 1-8 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
A.Introduction
This section provides a synopsis of the current population, housing, and economic conditions in
Windsor. Public Health and Wellness statistics have been summarized based on the 2010 Bertie
County Community Health Assessment. Demographic data is sourced from the US Census Bureau, NC
Office of State Budget & Management (NC OSBM), and the NC Department of Commerce, Division of
Employment Security.
B.Health & Wellness Issues
According to the 2013 Bertie County Community Health Assessment, the "Top 3 Most Important
Health Problems" were listed as the following:
1.Obesity/Overweight
2.Cancer
3.Diabetes
These three problems were identified in a survey conducted by members of the Albemarle Regional
Health Services Assessment Team, assisted by members of the region’s Healthy Carolinians coalitions
and community volunteers. Surveys were taken to places where people where gathered for other
purposes, for example, meetings, workplaces, waiting rooms, community events, etc. The design of
the built environment plays a role in both chronic disease and obesity. According to the Centers for
Disease Control (CDC), chronic diseases - such as heart disease, stroke, and diabetes - are among the
most common, costly, and preventable of all health problems in the United States.
Obesity is a leading cause of chronic disease in the United
States and increases the risk for a variety of chronic diseases
including heart disease, strokes, glucose intolerance, and
some forms of cancer. It is not a direct cause of most diseases,
but unfavorably alters the risk factor profile. For example,
obesity may lead to increases in blood pressure and blood
cholesterol, which in turn, can lead to cardiovascular disease
and strokes. According to the US Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC), in 2016, Bertie County’s obesity rate
was over 35%.
Section 2. Community Profile
“Chronic diseases – such as heart
disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes,
and arthritis – are the leading cause
of death and disability in the United
States.”
Source: Centers for Disease Control
October 12, 2017 Page 2-1
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Chronic disease differs from infectious disease (or communicable disease) in the way it occurs in
individuals. Infectious diseases usually occur because of contact with an affected host, while chronic
diseases may occur solely because of a sedentary lifestyle. Common infectious diseases of current
and past years include Tuberculosis, Ebola, Malaria, Measles, and HIV/AIDs.
Infectious diseases were once the primary cause of death in the United States a century ago, but
proper hygiene, environmental design, and immunization has led to the downfall of such disease in
the United States. In Bertie County, the primary causes of death are cancer and heart disease. In 2010,
members of the Three Rivers Healthy Carolinians met to identify leading community health problems.
Health concerns identified through the surveys, work groups, and stakeholder interviews were
presented. Three Rivers Healthy Carolinians developed community action plans prioritizing health
issues, strategies, and steps to implement change. The completed action plans included a description
of each health issue/problem and specified the proposed actions and community organizations that
will provide and coordinate the intervention activities. The plans also identified how progress
towards the outcome will be measured.
Obesity Mechanisms
Obesity results from a positive caloric balance, meaning that the intake of calories is greater than
caloric expenditure. Nutrition plays a direct role in determining caloric balance because it is the sole
variable when accounting for caloric intake. Caloric output, however, is dependent on three specific
variables. These include physical activity, resting metabolism, and the thermogenic effect of food.
Thermogenesis occurs when your body raises its core temperature. When your body increases its
heat or energy output, your metabolism increases and your fat cells are used as the main source of
energy. Of the three variables, physical activity is the most often altered in order to increase caloric
expenditure.
In general, obesity tends to be a multi-faceted problem with
no one solution to combat its occurrence. However, there are
certain segments of the population that are more likely to be
obese as it is more prevalent in the low socioeconomic status
(SES) segments of society. Investigations have shown similar
results in urban, suburban, and rural communities.
In addition, a childhood spent in poor social and economic conditions has been shown to lead to a
less healthy adulthood. In both adolescent boys and girls, low SES and parental education levels were
related to an unfavorable risk factor profile indicating a need for early intervention in low SES
communities.
To identify areas of Windsor that are considered low in socioeconomic status, GIS analysis was used.
Census estimates for educational attainment, employment, and income levels were combined to
locate these areas. Concentrations of low SES are shown on Map 2.
“Two of the four most common
causes of chronic disease include
lack of physical activity and poor
nutrition. Both causes can be
altered by lifestyle changes.”
Source: Centers for Disease Control
Page 2-2 October 12, 2017
KingKing
US 13-17US 13-17GranvilleGranvilleG ra b to w nGrabtown
Governors
Governors
Cooper Hill
Cooper Hill
V a u g h nVaughn US-13US-13ElmElmMardreMardreB
r
o
a
d
B
r
o
a
d
US-13 BypassUS-13 BypassQ
ueen
Q
ueen
B u d sBuds HaleHaleTaylor
Taylor
US-17 BypassUS-17 BypassY
o
r
k
Y
o
r
k
GrayGrayR
a
s
c
o
e
R
a
s
c
o
e
County FarmCounty Farm
Belm
ont
Belm
ont
G h e n tG h e n tPittPittRhodesRhodesCherryCherryHenryHenryPetersonPetersonCaleCalePintail
Pintail
Lam Plant
Lam Plant
Hoggard
Hoggard
Gatling
Gatling
C o ll eg eCollege TerryTerrySpiveySpiveyBarringerBarringerSpringSpringSunSunClarkClarkDundeeDundeeStokesStokes
LeeLeeTennyson
Tennyson
LeghornLeghornSterlingworth
Sterlingworth
Dalton
DaltonSchoolSchool
HillcrestHillcrest
Country Club
Country ClubHarrisHarrisDanDan ParkParkBooneBooneWindsor Oaks
Windsor OaksMountainMountain York
York
US-13
US-13
TobysTobysRussellRussellLegend
Cashie River
Roads
Windsor Corporate Limits
Windsor ETJSocioeconomic Status (SES)High SES
Low SES
Cashi
e Ri
ver
I 0 0.50.25 Miles Please note, educational attainment and median household income have beencombined to create the socioeconomic status layer (source: US Census Bureau).
Page 2-3
M a p 2: S o c i o e c o n o m i c S t a t u s (S E S )
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
C.Population
1.Population Growth
Windsor is part of North Carolina’s Northeast Region. The Northeast Commission is the regional
economic development organization for sixteen (16) counties running from Interstate 95 to the
Atlantic Coast, positioned just south of the Port of Virginia. The Northeast Commission establishes a
climate for job growth and economic improvement of the region by promoting the area for new
business and assisting with business expansions. The Commission also fosters an increase visitor
awareness of the many natural, historical, cultural and recreational opportunities found throughout
North Carolina’s Northeast by promoting travel and tourism opportunities within the region. The
Commission includes the counties of Beaufort, Bertie, Camden, Chowan, Currituck, Dare, Gates,
Halifax, Hertford, Hyde, Martin, Northampton, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Tyrrell, and Washington.
According to the US Census Bureau, the Northeast Region had a 2014 population of 363,786, a 14.8%
increase from the 1990 population of 316,792. By comparison, North Carolina’s population increased
by 47.2% from 1990 to 2014 (see Table 1). While population growth within Bertie County was
minimal, Windsor experienced a significant population increase, growing from 2,209 in 1990 to 3,546
in 2014, a 60.5% increase.
Table 1. Population Growth, 1990 to 2014
Area 1990 2000 2010 2014
% Change
‘90-‘00
% Change
‘00-‘10
% Change
‘10-‘14
% Change
‘90-‘14
Windsor 2,209 2,283 3,630 3,546 3.4%59.0%-2.3%60.5%
Bertie County 20,388 19,757 21,282 20,677 -3.1%7.7%-2.8%1.4%
Beaufort County 42,283 44,958 47,759 47,587 6.3%6.2%-0.4%12.5%
Camden County 5,904 6,885 9,980 10,127 16.6%45.0%1.5%71.5%
Chowan County 13,506 14,150 14,793 14,703 4.8%4.5%-0.6%8.9%
Currituck County 13,736 18,190 23,547 24,212 32.4%29.5%2.8%76.3%
Dare County 22,746 29,967 33,920 34,530 31.7%13.2%1.8%51.8%
Gates County 9,305 10,516 12,197 11,877 13.0%16.0%-2.6%27.6%
Halifax County 55,516 57,370 54,691 53,803 3.3%-4.7%-1.6%-3.1%
Hertford County 22,523 22,977 24,669 24,460 2.0%7.4%-0.8%8.6%
Hyde County 5,411 5,826 5,810 5,757 7.7%-0.3%-0.9%6.4%
Martin County 25,078 25,546 24,505 23,947 1.9%-4.1%-2.3%-4.5%
Northampton County 20,798 22,086 22,099 21,310 6.2%0.1%-3.6%2.5%
Pasquotank County 31,298 34,897 40,661 40,233 11.5%16.5%-1.1%28.5%
Perquimans County 10,447 11,368 13,453 13,507 8.8%18.3%0.4%29.3%
Tyrrell County 3,856 4,149 4,407 4,219 7.6%6.2%-4.3%9.4%
Washington County 13,997 13,723 13,228 12,837 -2.0%-3.6%-3.0%-8.3%
Northeast Region 316,792 342,365 367,001 363,786 8.1%7.2%-0.9%14.8%
North Carolina 6,626,118 8,049,313 9,535,483 9,750,405 21.5%18.5%2.3%47.2%
Source: US Census Bureau.
Page 2-4 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Most of the growth in the Northeast Region occurred in Camden, Currituck, Dare, Gates, Pasquotank,
and Perquimans counties. These counties are influenced by in-county urban growth and outward
growth from the Chesapeake, Virginia area. The remaining portions of the Northeast Region
experienced little consistent population growth. In fact, seven of the counties experienced
population growth of less than 15% while the remaining three experienced a population decline. The
population decline is the result of out-migration. This out-migration is evident throughout most of
eastern North Carolina. Maps 3 and 4 depict 2010-2013 population change and net migration for
North Carolina’s counties.
October 12, 2017 Page 2-5
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
2.Seasonal Population
Seasonal population in Windsor is negligible. In 2000 and 2010, only 20 units out of a 1,193 total units
(2010) as compared to 1,080 units in 2000 were considered “for seasonal, recreational, or occasional
use.” Significant growth in the seasonal population is not expected. Additionally, the explanation for
the existing seasonal units can be attributed to what is commonly known as “heir property.” An heir
property may be visited at varying rates of frequency; it is estimated that these units accommodate
approximately fifty (50) people at maximum occupancy.
3.Population by Age
As the population of the nation ages, so too does that of rural Eastern NC. In fact, rural areas face
many challenges in providing resources for the elderly. Over ninety percent of seniors (65+) have at
least one chronic disease, and more than 75% have at least two. To exacerbate the issue, in the next
thirty years, the portion of the population over the age of 65 is expected to more than double. By
2030, more than nine percent of the United States population is estimated to be over the age of 85.
The Town of Windsor, however, appears to have a young population profile, with its median age in
2000 at 41.7 years and in 2010, 38.6 years. Just over half of Windsor’s population (52.1%) is under the
age of 40 years. This figure is comparable to the county’s and the state’s population under the age of
40 (52.7% and 53.8%, respectively). Table 2 provides a detailed breakdown of age composition for the
town, Bertie County, and North Carolina.
Table 2. Population by Age, 2010
Windsor Bertie County North Carolina
Age Group Number %Number %Number %
Under 40 1,892 52.1%11,222 52.7%5,126,689 53.8%
40 to 64 1,139 31.4%6,404 30.1%3,174,715 33.3%
Over 65 599 16.5%3,656 17.2%1,234,079 12.9%
Total 3,630 100.0%21,282 100.0%9,535,483 100.0%
2010 Median Age 38.6 42.9 37.3
2000 Median Age 41.7 38.6 35.3
Source: US Census Bureau.
4.Gender & Racial Composition
The gender composition in Windsor has changed significantly from 2000 to 2010. In 2000, the male
population was 43.1% and the female 56.9%. According to the 2010 Census, 59.3% of the Windsor
population was male and 40.7% female.
Page 2-6 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
The 2010 Census shows that the racial composition in Windsor was 32.8% White, 62.6% African
American, and 4.7% Other. This racial mixture is different from that of the state as a whole (see
Table 3). Bertie County is one of the 10% of United States counties that are majority-minority; its
combined population of African American and other minority residents comprise almost 65% of the
total population. In 2000, the racial composition of Windsor was nearly identical to that of 2010 with
36.3% of the population White, 62.3% African American, and 1.4% other.
Table 3. Population by Race, 2010
Windsor Bertie County North Carolina
Race Number %Number %Number %
White 1,190 32.8%7,488 35.2%6,528,950 68.5%
Black or African American 2,271 62.6%13,296 62.5%2,048,628 21.5%
American Indian and Alaska Native 25 0.7%96 0.5%122,110 1.3%
Asian 71 2.0%103 0.5%208,962 2.2%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%6 0.0%6,604 0.1%
Some Other Race 6 0.2%96 0.5%414,030 4.3%
Two or More Races 67 1.8%197 0.9%206,199 2.2%
Total 3,630 100.0%21,282 100.0%9,535,483 100.0%
Source: US Census Bureau.
The US Census Bureau distinguishes Hispanic or Latino as terms to define region of origin, not a
person’s race, and uses the terms to describe any person, regardless of race, creed, or color, whose
origins are of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or of some other Hispanic
origin. Of Windsor’s total population (3,630), 40 people are of Hispanic or Latino origin.
D.Housing
1.Dwelling Unit Growth
Table 4 provides a history of dwelling unit growth for the Town of Windsor and the state from 2000 to
2010. Windsor experienced a 37.8% increase in dwelling units from 2000 to 2010. Simultaneously,
the state’s dwelling unit inventory increased by 20%.
Table 4. Housing Characteristics, 2000 and 2010
2000 Census 2010 Census
Windsor North Carolina Windsor North Carolina
Number %Number %Number %Number %
Owner-occupied 590 54.6%2,172,355 61.6%847 56.9%2,468,489 58.4%
Renter-occupied 348 32.2%959,658 27.2%485 32.6%1,157,690 27.4%
Vacant 142 13.1%391,931 11.1%156 10.5%603,373 14.3%
Total 1,080 100.0%3,523,944 100.0%1,488 100.0%4,229,552 100.0%
Source: US Census Bureau.
October 12, 2017 Page 2-7
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
2.Dwelling Unit Type/Condition
Approximately 78.0% of the year-round dwelling units in Windsor are detached, single-family units.
Approximately 10.5% of the dwellings units are manufactured homes. Table 5 provides detailed
information on housing type and condition. There are no housing units lacking complete plumbing
facilities and/or complete kitchen facilities in Windsor.
Table 5. Dwelling Unit Type/Condition, 2010
Windsor Bertie County North Carolina
Type and Condition Number % of Total Number % of Total Number % of Total
Type
Single-family, detached 1,160 78.0%6,327 64.9%2,754,734 65.1%
Single-family, attached 44 3.0%125 1.3%152,868 3.6%
Duplex 47 3.2%86 0.9%95,094 2.2%
3 or 4 units 17 1.1%42 0.4%120,154 2.8%
5 to 9 units 0 0.0%7 0.1%185,129 4.4%
10 to 19 units 0 0.0%5 0.1%171,697 4.1%
20 or more units 64 4.3%69 0.7%143,130 3.4%
Manufactured home or trailer 156 10.5%3,055 31.3%605,418 14.3%
Other 0 0.0%37 0.4%1,328 0.0%
Total 1,488 100.0%9,753 100.0%4,229,552 100.0%
Condition
Lack complete plumbing facilities 0 0.0%118 1.4%16,548 0.5%
Lack complete kitchen facilities 0 0.0%147 1.8%22,500 0.6%
Source: US Census Bureau.
3.Dwelling Unit Age
In 2010, over 70% of Windsor’s housing units were more than 30 years old (see Table 6). This
percentage is higher than both the county and state’s percentage of older housing units (57.1% and
43.8%, respectively). For comparison, in 2000, 57.3% of housing units in Windsor were more than 30
years old. The age of the housing inventory has increased significantly.
Table 6. Dwelling Unit Age, 2010
Windsor Bertie County North Carolina
Year Built Number %Number %Number %
2005 or later 45 3.0%173 1.8%242,715 5.7%
2000-2004 40 2.7%743 7.6%513,028 12.1%
1990-1999 193 13.0%1,867 19.1%896,428 21.2%
Page 2-8 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Windsor Bertie County North Carolina
Year Built Number %Number %Number %
1980-1989 126 8.5%1,397 14.3%725,467 17.2%
Prior to 1980 (over 30 yrs)1,084 72.8%5,573 57.1%1,851,914 43.8%
Total 1,488 100.0%9,753 100.0%4,229,552 100.0%
Source: US Census Bureau.
4.Housing Cost and Affordability
In 2010, the median home value in Windsor was $84,000 and Bertie County’s median home value was
$77,400 . Statewide, the median housing value is $149,100 - practically double that of housing units
in Windsor and Bertie County. It is difficult to obtain a precise picture of housing affordability in any
jurisdiction. However, most measures of housing affordability consider 30% of gross income an
allowable/affordable expenditure for housing. For homeowners, the cost includes mortgage
payments, taxes, insurance, and utilities. For renters, housing cost includes rent and utilities.
In 2010, 24.8% of homeowners in Windsor have a mortgage exceeding 30% or more of their income.
According to the 2000 Census, 23.9% of homeowners in the town allocated that level of income to
their mortgage - representing a slight increase (3.8%) in homeowners burdened by a large mortgage
payment over last decade.
The number of renters paying a significant portion of household income for living purposes also grew
from 2000 to 2010. In 2000, 34.9% of renters used more than 30% of their income to pay rent. By
2010, the percentage of renters burdened by their living costs increased to 60.3%, almost doubling
the amount of individuals facing difficulties paying rent. Across the state, this trend held true as
burdened mortgage owners and renters increased from 20.7% and 33.4%, respectively, to over 32% of
mortgage owners and close to half (48.9%) of all renters in 2010.
Table 7. Housing Cost/Affordability, 2010
Windsor Bertie County North Carolina
Number %Number %Number %
Median Housing Value $87,000 $77,400 $149,100
Mortgage Greater than 30% of Income 111 24.8%1,199 38.3%535,120 32.2%
Rent Greater than 30% of Income 236 60.3%1,045 70.7%509,691 48.9%
Source: US Census Bureau.
October 12, 2017 Page 2-9
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
E.Economy
1.Employment by Industry
According to the 2010 US Census, the Education Services, and Health Care and Social Assistance
sector has the largest number of employees in Windsor. Almost 40% of the workforce is employed in
the Education Services, and Health Care and Social Assistance industry, followed by the
Manufacturing industry, which employs approximately 16.7% of the workforce.
Table 8. Windsor Employment by Industry, 2010
Industry Number % of Total
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 44 2.9%
Construction 100 6.6%
Manufacturing 252 16.7%
Wholesale trade 38 2.5%
Retail trade 150 10.0%
Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 28 1.9%
Information 11 0.7%
Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing 21 1.4%
Professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and waste
management services
115 7.6%
Education services, and health care and social assistance 593 39.4%
Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services 55 3.7%
Other services, except public administration 22 1.5%
Public administration 78 5.2%
Total 1,507 100.0%
Source: 2010 US Census.
Perdue Products Incorporated is the single largest employer in the Bertie County. Other significant
employers are the Bertie County Board of Education, NC Department of Public Safety, Qsi, County of
Bertie, Vidant Medical Center, Solid Foundation, and Avoca, Inc., (see Table 9). Unemployment in
Bertie County has declined since January 2013, when it was 12.3%. The unemployment rate recorded
for January 2016, was slightly less at 8.0%.
Table 9. Bertie County Top 25 Employers (2015 4th Quarter)
Company Name Industry Employment Range
Perdue Products Incorporated Manufacturing 1,000+
Bertie County Board of Education Education & Health Services 500-999
NC Department of Public Safety Public Administration 250-499
Qsi Professional & Business Services 250-499
County of Bertie Public Administration 100-249
Page 2-10 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Company Name Industry Employment Range
Vidant Medical Center Education & Health Services 100-249
Solid Foundation Education & Health Services 100-249
Avoca, Inc.Manufacturing 100-249
Liberty Healthcare Group, LLC Education & Health Services 50-99
Home Life Care, Inc.Education & Health Services 50-99
Valley Protein, Inc.Manufacturing 50-99
Golden Peanut Company Natural Resources & Mining 50-99
White Oak Medical Transport Service Education & Health Services 50-99
Food Lion Trade, Transportation & Utilities 50-99
Heritage Collegiate Leadership Academy Education & Health Services 50-99
Bertie Ambulance Service, Inc.Education & Health Services 50-99
Brian Ctr Health & Retirement Education & Health Services 50-99
Bojangles Famous Chicken & Biscuits Leisure & Hospitality Below 50
Town of Windsor Public Administration Below 50
US Department of Agriculture Public Administration Below 50
Positive Step, Inc.Education and Health Services Below 50
Windsor House Education & Health Services Below 50
Livermans Metal Recycling, Inc.Professional & Business Services Below 50
Powell & Stokes, Inc.Trade, Transportation & Utilities Below 50
Republic Services, Inc.Professional & Business Services Below 50
Source: NC Department of Commerce, Division of Employment Security.
2.Income
In 2010, the median household income in Windsor was $32,596. The town still lags behind the state
and some of the more urban counties located in North Carolina’s Northeast Region. However,
Windsor’s median income is higher than that of Bertie County (see Table 10).
Table 10. Median Household Income, 2000 and 2010
Median Household Income Persons Below Poverty Level (%)
2000 2010 2000 2010
Windsor $25,256 $32,596 25.8%22.9%
Bertie County $25,177 $29,110 23.5%23.3%
Beaufort County $31,066 $40,653 19.5%17.2%
Camden County $39,493 $61,091 10.1%9.3%
Chowan County $30,928 $36,761 17.6%17.4%
Currituck County $40,822 $55,736 10.7%8.5%
Dare County $42,411 $53,889 8.0%10.5%
Gates County $35,647 $45,682 17.0%20.5%
Halifax County $26,459 $30,349 23.9%23.8%
Hertford County $26,422 $30,878 18.3%24.1%
October 12, 2017 Page 2-11
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Median Household Income Persons Below Poverty Level (%)
Hyde County $28,444 $38,265 15.4%20.4%
Martin County $28,793 $34,766 20.2%23.4%
Northampton County $26,652 $30,578 21.3%21.7%
Pasquotank County $30,444 $44,085 18.4%18.1%
Perquimans County $29,538 $43,041 17.9%18.0%
Tyrrell County $25,684 $32,215 23.3%21.9%
Washington County $28,865 $32,716 21.8%24.8%
North Carolina $39,184 $45,570 12.3%15.5%
Source: US Census Bureau.
The poverty rate in Windsor is consistent with many other counties in North Carolina’s Northeast
Region. It should also be noted that Bertie County is a Tier 1 County - a designation given to the forty
(40) most economically distressed counties in the state.
3.Vehicle Availability & Travel Time to Work
Over 15% of people in the occupied housing units in the town have no vehicle available for private
use compared to 10.1% for the county. In North Carolina as a whole, 6.5% of residents are faced with
this issue. In Bertie County, the travel time to work is similar to the state overall. Travel time to work
for Windsor residents is slightly less than that of the county and state.
Table 11. Vehicle Availability and Travel Time to Work, 2010
Windsor Bertie County North Carolina
Number %Number %Number %
Occupied Housing Units 1,332 100.0%8,160 100.0%3,626,179 100.0%
No Vehicles Available 205 15.4%828 10.1%234,435 6.5%
1 or More Vehicles 1,127 84.6%7,332 89.9%3,391,744 93.5%
Mean Travel Time to Work 18.3 25.7 23.4
Source: US Census Bureau.
4.Educational Attainment
Table 12 provides a summary of educational attainment for Windsor from 2000 to 2010. In 2010, 76%
of the town’s population 25 years old or older had a high school diploma or higher. In addition,
42.5% had some college or a complete college education. Relative to many other rural towns,
Windsor has a well-educated population.
Page 2-12 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Table 12. Educational Attainment, 2000 to 2010
2000 Census 2010 Census
Number % of Total Number % of Total
Less than 9th grade 205 13.4%224 9.4%
9th to 12th grade, no diploma 309 20.2%347 14.6%
High school graduate (includes equivalency)426 27.9%797 33.5%
Some college, no degree 220 14.4%495 20.8%
Associate’s degree 76 5.0%119 5.0%
Bachelor’s degree 201 13.2%285 12.0%
Graduate or professional degree 89 5.8%112 4.7%
Population 25 years and over 1,526 100.0%2,379 100.0%
Source: US Census Bureau.
5.Quality of Life
Quality of life factors are increasingly important to businesses when selecting their locations. Though
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is often a common factor in determining the economic performance
and living standards of our society, this is not always enough to provide a comprehensive picture of
how well-off the citizens in a particular society are. Table 13 summarizes some key quality of life
indicators for Bertie County.
Table 13. Bertie County Key Quality of Life Indicators
Taxes
FY2015-16 Property Tax Rate per $100 Value $0.84
FY2014-15 Annual Taxable Retail Sales ($mil)$79
2016 Tier Designation 1
Childcare
2015 Q1 Licensed Child Care Facilities 21
2015 Q1 Licensed Child Care Enrollment 437
Healthcare Providers
2013 Number of Physicians 9
2013 Physicians per 10,000 Population 4.4
2013 RNs per 10,000 Population 53.4
2013 Dentists per 10,000 Population 0.5
2013 Pharmacists per 10,000 Population 3.8
Source: NC Department of Commerce.
October 12, 2017 Page 2-13
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
F.Community Profile Summary
HEALTH AND WELLNESS
!In 2013, the three most important health problems were: obesity/overweight, cancer, and
diabetes.
!According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2016, Bertie County’s
obesity rate was over 35%.
!The leading causes of chronic disease are lack of physical activity and poor nutrition.
POPULATION
!From 1990 to 2014, the Northeast Region population increased only 14.8% compared to
47.2% for North Carolina.
!From 1990 to 2014, Windsor’s population increased 60.5%.
!Windsor’s 2010 median age was 38.6, compared to 37.3 for North Carolina.
!Windsor’s 2010 African American population comprised 62.6% of the town’s total
population, compared to 21.5% for the state.
Page 2-14 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
HOUSING
!In 2010, 56.9% of the town’s dwelling units were owner-occupied.
!In 2010, approximately 78% of the year-round dwelling units were detached, single-family
units.
!In 2010, 72.8% of the town’s dwelling units were 30 years old or older, compared to only
43.8% for the state.
!In 2010, 24.8% of homeowners had a mortgage cost at greater than 30% of income,
compared to 32.2% for the state.
!In 2010, 60.3% of renters had a gross rent greater than 30% of income, compared to 48.9%
for the state.
ECONOMY
!Almost 40% of the town’s 2010 workforce was employed in the education services, health
care and social assistance sector.
!Manufactured was the second largest sector at 16.7%.
!The agriculture/forestry sector was only 2.9% of total employment.
!In 2015, the largest individual employers were: Perdue Products, Bertie County Board of
Education, NC Department of Public Safety, and Qsi.
!In 2010, Windsor’s median household income was $32,956, compared to $45,570 for the
state.
!In 2010, 76% of the town’s population 25 years and over had a high school diploma or
higher.
!In 2010, 22.9% of the town’s population was below the poverty level, as compared to 15.5%
for North Carolina.
October 12, 2017 Page 2-15
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
A.Health Services
1.Medical Facilities
According to the 2010 Bertie County Community Health Assessment, the town/county has several
health resources, including Vidant Bertie Hospital, Albemarle Hospital, Chesapeake Regional Medical
Center, Vidant Chowan Hospital, Vidant Roanoke-Chowan Hospital, Outer Banks Hospital, Bertie Rural
Health Association, and the Bertie County Health Department. Additional resources such as nursing
homes, hospice care, and assisted living programs are also located throughout the area.
Vidant Bertie Hospital
Vidant Bertie Hospital is a non-profit,
six-bed facility located at 1403 South
King Street in Windsor. The hospital
provides surgical, 24-hour emergency
and diagnostic services, speciality
clinics, and primary care clinics
(family medicine and internal
medicine). The hospital’s primary
care physician practice operates the
Vidant Family Medicine - Windsor
and the facility has a telemedicine link with the Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina
University in Greenville, NC.
Albemarle Hospital
Albemarle Hospital, located in Elizabeth City (Pasquotank County), NC, is a regional not-for-
profit, 182-bed community hospital serving a seven-county region of more than 130,000
residents. With a medical staff of more than 100 physicians representing 30 medical
specialties, the hospital provides a complete range of care, including inpatient hospitalization,
advanced surgery, a rehabilitation program, a diagnostic center, same-day ambulatory
surgery, urgent and emergency care, and a regional oncology center, as well as a wide array of
community education and support groups. The Albemarle Hospital Foundation is supported
by hospital employees, physicians, and volunteers in efforts to develop and fund community
outreach programs like the Community Care Clinics, which serve the region’s indigent,
underinsured, and uninsured residents.
Section 3. Environment/Existing Conditions
Vidant Bertie Hospital in Windsor provides service to the town and
surrounding areas.Photo courtesy of Vidant Health
October 12, 2017 Page 3-1
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Chesapeake Regional Medical Center
Chesapeake Regional Medical Center provides a broad range of care to the people of
southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina through Chesapeake General Hospital
and its affiliate services. The hospital has a medical staff of nearly 600 members from every
major specialty and 310 all-private beds. Services include cancer services, cardiac care, home
health, hospice, community outreach, diabetes services, nutrition counseling, obstetrical
services, orthopedic services, outpatient testing, and women’s services.
Vidant Chowan Hospital
Vidant Chowan Hospital is located
in Edenton (Chowan County), NC,
and provides services and
programs to 45,000 people in four
counties. The facility offers a wide
range of services and health care
specialties provided by a medical
staff that includes practitioners in
primary care, pediatrics, internal
medicine, and surgery. Special
medical and surgical services at Vidant Chowan Hospital include intensive care, a surgical
center, emergency department, an expanded labor and delivery suite, and bone density
screening. The hospital also has a telemedicine link with the Brody School of Medicine at East
Carolina University in Greenville, NC.
The Outer Banks Hospital
The Outer Banks Hospital, located in Nags Head (Dare County), NC, is a private not-for-profit
acute care 21-bed hospital with services that include emergency services, inpatient and
outpatient surgery, labor and delivery, physical therapy, respiratory therapy, speech therapy,
laboratory, blood bank, and radiology. The hospital offers consultations with medical experts
in other locations via interactive television provided in conjunction with the East Carolina
University Brody School of Medicine. The Outer Banks Hospital is a partnership between
Vidant Health and Chesapeake Regional Medical Center .
Vidant Roanoke-Chowan Hospital
Vidant Roanoke-Chowan Hospital is a 124-bed, not-for-profit hospital located in Ahoskie
(Hertford County), NC. The facility provides a wide range of health services to about 39,000
residents in a four-county area. The medical staff includes primary care, pediatric and internal
Vidant Chowan Hospital provides outstanding services and quality
care to patients with a wide range of health needs.Photo courtesy of
Vidant Health
Page 3-2 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
medicine physicians, as well as specialists in orthopedics, general surgery, urology, cardiology
and obstetrics and gynecology.
Bertie County Rural Health Association
The Bertie County Rural Health Association is an administrative organization that runs two
year-round Federally-qualified health center clinics providing medical services to people in
Bertie County who otherwise confront financial, geographic, language/cultural, and other
barriers to adequate health care. The Bertie County Rural Health Association clinics are
located in Windsor and Lewiston, NC. Both community health centers offer primary medical
care services to the rural, underserved population. Everyone is eligible to use the health
services at the Rural Health clinics, and those without health insurance may be eligible to pay
on a sliding-fee scale or pay in part at the time of their visit and pay the rest of the cost later.
Bertie County Health Department
The Bertie County Health Department is part of the
Albemarle Regional Health Services (ARHS), a
seven-county regional, accredited Public Health
Department headquartered in Elizabeth City, NC.
Bertie County joined ARHS in 2002. Comprehensive
clinical services include Women’s Preventive
Health, Adult Health, Communicable Diseases
programming, Immunizations, School and
Community Health Education, Breast and Cervical
Cancer Control program, Diabetes Management,
Child Health, WIC, Albemarle Hospice, Albemarle Home Care, Albemarle Life Quest/Health
Promotion, Environmental Health, and Solid Waste Management Authority. Regional landfill
services are provided in the Bertie area. Bertie County Home Health agency is located within
the health department.
2.Mental Health
Local Management Entities (LMEs) are where people can go to find information on receiving mental
health, developmental disability, or substance abuse services. East Carolina Behavioral Health (ECBH)
oversees mental health services in a 19-county LME area, which includes the following counties:
Beaufort, Bertie, Camden, Chowan, Craven, Currituck, Dare, Gates, Hertford, Hyde, Jones, Martin,
Northampton, Pamlico, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Pitt, Tyrrell, and Washington. ECBH operates a
24/7/365 Access to Care line (1-877-685-2415) staffed by licensed clinicians to assist individuals in
need of services. ECBH has contracts with more than 350 providers of service throughout the
catchment area.
The Bertie County Health Department is located
at 102 Rhodes Avenue in Windsor.Photo courtesy
of Albemarle Regional Health Services
October 12, 2017 Page 3-3
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
North Carolina has a plan to change the way Medicaid pays for mental health, developmental
disabilities, and substance abuse services. The change is known as the 1915(b)/(c) Medicaid Waiver
and was expected to serve a total population of 500,000 by July 1, 2013. The goal of the change is to
make sure that people needing help are able to easily get high quality services. ECBH made the
change on April 1, 2012.
3.Adult and Senior Care Services
According to the 2013 Bertie County Community Health Assessment, the County has a several
facilities that cater to the needs of both adult and senior citizens throughout the town and county.
Nursing homes are facilities that provide nursing or convalescent care for three or more person
unrelated to the licensee. A nursing home provides long term care of chronic conditions or short
term convalescent or rehabilitative care of remedial ailments. There are two nursing homes in Bertie
County, both are located in Windsor, with a total of 142 certified beds.
Adult care homes are residences for aged and disabled adults who may require 24-hour supervision
and assistance with personal care needs. People in adult care homes typically need a place to live,
some help with personal care (such as dressing, grooming, and keeping up with medications), and
some limited supervision. These facilities, which are also called domiciliary homes, rest homes, or
family care homes, vary in capacity from 2 to 100. Adult care homes differ from nursing homes in the
level of care and qualifications of staff. As of March 2014, there were over 600 adult care homes
licensed by the State of North Carolina; two of these facilities are located in Bertie County. Windsor
House is licensed for 60 residents and Winston Gardens is licensed for 25 residents; both facilities are
located in Windsor.
Adult day care provides an organized program of services during the day in a community group
setting for the purpose of supporting the personal independence of older adults and promoting their
social, physical, and emotional well-being. There are several facilities in Windsor and the surrounding
communities that provide these services.
In addition, the Bertie County Council on Aging provides the following services to all Bertie County
senior citizens, aged 60 or older, and their spouses:
Congregate Nutrition
Home Delivered Meals
Transportation
In Home Respite
Senior Center
Senior’s Health Insurance Information Program (SHIIP)
AARP Tax Aide Volunteers
Wellness and Exercise
Health Services
Page 3-4 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
4.Dental Health
North Carolina ranks 47th in the nation in dentists per capita at 4.3 dentists per 10,000 population. In
fact, only eight North Carolina counties have dentist-to-patient ratios which exceed the national
average of 6.0 dentists per 10,000 population (Wake, Durham, Orange, Alamance, Guilford, Forsyth,
Mecklenberg, and New Hanover Counties). Seventy-nine North Carolina counties are recognized as
federally designated dental shortage areas.
Bertie County ranks well below the state average of dentists per capita at 0.5 dentists per 10,000
residents and is recognized as a federally designated dental shortage area. The East Carolina
University School of Dental Medicine is working to improve access to dentistry throughout eastern
North Carolina by building Community Service Learning Centers (CSLCs) in rural and underserved
areas across the state. CSLCs in Ahoskie and Elizabeth City currently serve patients. CSLCs in Sylva,
Lillington, Spruce Pine, and Davidson County are under construction. CSLCs are staffed by full-time
faculty, residents, dental hygienists, dental assistants, and business staff.
5.Access to Care
Bertie County falls significantly behind the state in all health professionals categories (see Table 14).
Of the other fifteen counties comprising the Northeast Region, all but two counties (Chowan and
Pasquotank) also rank below the statewide average for health professionals.
Table 14. Health Professionals per 10,000 Population Ratios (2013)
County Population*Physicians
Primary Care
Physicians Dentists
Registered
Nurses Pharmacists
Bertie 20,595 4.37 2.43 0.49 53.41 3.88
Beaufort 47,777 11.51 6.91 3.35 82.68 9.63
Camden 10,174 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.73 0.98
Chowan 14,815 22.27 8.77 2.70 109.35 8.10
Currituck 24,506 3.26 2.45 2.04 21.99 1.63
Dare 35,273 16.73 8.22 5.67 66.06 10.77
Gates 11,880 0.84 0.84 0.84 16.84 0.84
Halifax 54,705 13.22 6.52 2.05 82.30 8.38
Hertford 24,621 15.43 7.31 2.84 130.78 9.34
Hyde 5,806 1.72 1.72 0.00 55.12 0.00
Martin 23,750 8.42 5.47 2.11 66.53 9.68
Northampton 21,244 2.82 2.35 0.47 29.66 2.35
Pasquotank 39,458 26.86 9.38 2.79 119.87 10.39
Perquimans 13,771 2.18 1.45 1.45 12.34 3.63
Tyrrell 4,143 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.72 4.83
Washington 12,826 5.24 3.90 2.34 49.12 5.46
North Carolina 9,861,952 22.73 8.60 4.55 101.01 10.17
*Population Estimate.
Source: 2013 North Carolina Health Professions Data Book.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-5
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
B.Environmental Factors
1.Climate
Windsor/Bertie County is hot and humid in summer, but the coast is frequently cooled by sea breezes.
Winter is cool with occasional brief cold spells. Rains occur throughout the year and are fairly heavy.
Snowfall is rare. Annual precipitation is adequate for all crops.
In winter, the average temperature is 42 degrees F and the average daily minimum temperature is 30
degrees. The lowest temperature on record, which occurred on January 13,1962, is -1 degree. In
summer, the average temperature is 76 degrees and the average daily maximum temperature is 88
degrees. The highest recorded temperature, which occurred on August 1, 1980, is 105 degrees.
Of the total annual precipitation, about 27 inches usually falls in April through September. The
growing season for most crops falls within this period. In 2 years out of 10, the rainfall in April
through September is less than 22 inches. Thunderstorms occur on about 45 days each year, and
most occur in summer. The average seasonal snowfall is less than one inch.
The average relative humidity in mid-afternoon is about 60 percent. Humidity is higher at night, and
the average at dawn is about 85 percent. The sun shines 65 percent of the time possible in summer
and 60 percent in winter.
2.Geology and Topography
The Windsor area is underlain by the Cretaceous aquifer system and surficial (groundwaters which are
at or just below the surface) wells which top the Cretaceous System. Windsor obtains most of its
portable water from the Cretaceous system. This system is underlain by granite bedrock and is
located approximately 250 feet to 600 feet below the surface. The surficial wells which top the
Cretaceous aquifer are normally less than 500 feet deep. Recharge of the aquifer is primarily provided
by rainfall within the Windsor region. Approximately 20% of the area’s annual precipitation enters the
surficial aquifer. The major recharge area is generally located west of Windsor in the vicinity of the
transition from the coastal plan to the Piedmont. While the quality of water within the Cretaceous
system varies areally and vertically, the water is generally low in mineral content and suitable for all
municipal purposes.
During the 1980s, the Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Groundwater collected data
and monitored water levels in the region to determine groundwater conditions and the effects of
large withdrawals. At times, large withdrawals, primarily in Virginia, have resulted in some lowering
of the water level. However, water supplies have not been adversely affected and the groundwater
supply should continue to be adequate throughout the planning period. Long-range monitoring of
the groundwater supply by the Town of Windsor, other local units of government within the region,
and the state will be crucial to ensuring the continuation of an adequate water supply.
Page 3-6 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
The topography in Windsor’s planning jurisdiction does not pose a constraint to development. There
are low areas along the Cashie River which are discussed in the Flood Hazard section. The lowest
areas are at or slightly below sea level. Other areas within Windsor’s jurisdiction are generally flat to
gently sloping. Most elevations within Windsor’s jurisdiction are in the range of 10 to 20 feet above
mean sea level.
3.Water Resources
The Town of Windsor lies within the Roanoke River Basin. The following provides an overview of
water resource quality within the basin.
The Roanoke River Basin extends from its source in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia to the
Albemarle Sound in North Carolina, encompassing mountainous, piedmont, and coastal topography
as it flows generally east-southeastward. Its five subbasins constitute approximately 3,500 square
miles of drainage area and approximately 2,400 miles of streams and rivers in North Carolina, and
contains diversity with classified trout streams in the western portion and swamp classified waters in
the eastern portion. Seventeen counties and 42 municipalities are within the NC portion of the basin.
Within the Roanoke River Basin, the Town of Windsor falls within the Lower Roanoke River Subbasin.
This subbasin is the eastern most subbasin and empties into the Albemarle Sound. The watershed
contains a mix land use of forest, agriculture, and wetlands. There are 7 major NPDES permitted
facilities and 11 minor NPDES permitted facilities. The subbasin contains three Impaired streams.
All surface waters in North Carolina are assigned a primary classification by the NC Division of Water
Resources (DWR). All waters must at least meet the standards for Class C (fishable/swimmable) waters.
The other primary classifications provide additional levels of protection for primary water contact
recreation (Class B) and drinking water (Water Supply Classes I through V). Map 5 delineates the
Windsor surface water classifications which were applicable in September 2013. The following
describes the water classifications:
!Class B. Waters protected for all Class C uses in addition to primary recreation. Primary
recreational activities include swimming, skin diving, water skiing, and similar uses involving
human body contact with water where such activities take place in an organized manner or
on a frequent basis.
!Class C. Waters protected for uses such as secondary recreation, fishing, wildlife, fish
consumption, aquatic life including propagation, survival and maintenance of biological
integrity, and agriculture. Secondary recreation includes wading, boating, and other uses
involving human body contact with water where such activities take place in an infrequent,
unorganized, or incidental manner. The portion of the Cashie River that flows through
Windsor’s planning jurisdiction is classified as Class C.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-7
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
!Water Supply II (WS-II). Waters used as sources of water supply for drinking, culinary, or
food processing purposes where a WS-I classification is not feasible. These waters are also
protected for Class C uses. WS-II waters are generally in predominantly undeveloped
watersheds. All WS-II waters are HQW by supplemental classification. HQ waters are those
which are rated excellent based on biological and physical/chemical characteristics.
!Water Supply III (WS-III). Waters used as sources of water supply for drinking, culinary, or
food processing purposes where a more protective WS-I or II classification is not feasible.
These waters are also protected for Class C uses. WS-III waters are generally in low to
moderately developed watersheds.
!Water Supply IV (WS-IV). Waters used as sources of water supply for drinking, culinary, or
food processing purposes where a WS-I, II, or III classification is not feasible. These waters are
also protected for Class C uses. WS-IV waters are generally in moderately to highly developed
watersheds or Protected Areas.
Page 3-8 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
4.Flood Hazard Areas
Flooding is a localized hazard that is generally the result of excessive precipitation. It is the most
common environmental hazard, due to the widespread geographical distribution of rivers and coastal
areas, and the attraction of residents to these areas. However, in coastal regions, storm surge and
wind-driven waves are significant components of flooding. Floods can be generally considered in
two categories: flash floods, the product of heavy localized precipitation in a short time period over a
given location; and general floods, caused by precipitation over a longer time period and over a given
river basin. While flash floods occur within hours of a rain event, general flooding is a longer-term
event, and may last for several days. The primary types of general flooding are riverine flooding,
coastal flooding, and urban flooding.
Floodplains are divisible into areas expected to be inundated by spillovers from stream flow levels
associated with specific flood-return frequencies. The National Flood Insurance Program
(NFIP) uses flood zone designations to indicate the magnitude of flood hazards in specific areas. The
following are flood hazard zones located within the Town of Windsor and a definition of what each
zone means.
!Zone A. Special Flood Hazard Areas inundated by the 100-year flood, determined by
approximate methods; no base flood elevations are shown or flood hazard factors
determined.
!Zone AE. Special Flood Hazard Areas inundated by the 100-year flood, determined by
detailed methods; base flood elevations shown at selected intervals.
!Floodway. The channel of a river or other watercourse and the adjacent land areas that must
be reserved in order to discharge the base flood without causing any cumulative increase in
the water surface elevation. The floodway is intended to carry the dangerous and fast-moving
water.
The following summarizes floodplain acreage for Windsor:
Table 15. Town of Windsor Flood Hazard Acreage
Jurisdiction Acres % of Town Acreage
Corporate Limits 387.44 4.9%
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction 1,345.86 16.9%
Total 1,733.30 21.7%
Source: NC Flood Mapping Program.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-9
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
There is approximately 1,733 acres of flood hazard in the town (see Map 6). This equates to just over
twenty percent (21.7%) of the total land in Windsor. Most of the town’s flood area is located along the
Cashie River. Development throughout defined flood hazard areas in the town is regulated by the
Town of Windsor Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance. This Ordinance is enforced by the Bertie
County Inspections Department (through a contractual agreement with the town).
The Town of Windsor experienced extreme flooding during and following the Tropical Storm Nicole
event on or about September 30, 2010. This particular event, teamed with the devastating flooding
from Hurricane Floyd in September of 1999, and other hurricanes occurring in 1993, 1996, 1998, and
2003, have resulted in significant flood damage to many dwelling units in the Town of Windsor. The
flooding experienced by property owners after Tropical Storm Nicole ranged in depth from 18" to 48".
The town successfully applied for mitigation assistance following both Hurricane Floyd and Tropical
Storm Nicole to acquire and demolish several flood-prone structures in an effort to prevent
substantial flood damage from occurring again. In 2016, Hurricane Matthew flooded 81 structures
which are currently being considered for either buyout or elevation. Recurrent flooding in each of the
above-mentioned events occurred in almost all of the 100-year flood hazard area shown on Map 6.
There are currently seven (7) structures in Windsor identified by the National Flood Insurance
Page 3-10 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Program (NFIP) as a “Repetitive Loss Structure,” meaning that it has had two or more claims paid
against the National Flood Insurance Program. Flood insurance data about private property,
including repetitive loss properties, are protected under the Privacy Act of 1974 and cannot be
mapped. Refer to the Northeastern NC Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan which is incorporated herein
by reference for more information on repetitive loss areas.
Windsor is also at risk of flooding from storm surge inundation. Maps 7 and 8 show the general areas
of Windsor that may be affected by hurricane-generated storm surge based on the SLOSH (Sea, Lake,
Overland, Surges from Hurricanes) model. The SLOSH model was developed by the US Army Corps of
Engineers and the model is run by the National Hurricane Center. The model plots hurricane-related
flooding for slow and fast moving storms that may result from a number of characteristics including
wind speed, wind direction, time, and tide. Fast moving hurricanes are hurricanes that have a forward
velocity of greater than or equal to 15 miles per hour. Slowing moving hurricanes are hurricanes that
have a forward velocity of less than 15 miles per hour.
Hurricane intensity is measured using the Saffir-Simpson Scale, ranging from 1 (minimal) to 5
(catastrophic). The following scale categorizes hurricane intensity linearly based upon maximum
sustained winds, minimum barometric pressure and storm surge potential.
!Category 1: Winds of 74 to 95 miles per hour. Damage primarily to shrubbery, trees, foliage,
and unanchored mobile homes. No appreciable wind damage to other structures. Some
damage to poorly constructed signs. Storm surge possibly 3 to 5 feet above normal. Low-
lying roads inundated, minor pier damage, some small craft in exposed anchorage torn from
moorings.
!Category 2: Winds of 96 to 110 miles per hour. Considerable damage to shrubbery and tree
foliage; some trees blown down. Major damage to exposed mobile homes. Extensive
damage to poorly constructed signs. Some damage to roof materials of buildings; some
window and door damage. No major wind damage to buildings. Storm surge possibly 6 to 8
feet above normal. Coastal roads and low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 2 to 4
hours before arrival of hurricane center. Considerable damage to piers. Marinas flooded.
Small craft in unprotected anchorages torn from moorings. Evacuation of some shoreline
residences and low-lying island areas required.
!Category 3: Winds of 111 to 130 miles per hour. Foliage torn from trees; large trees blown
down. Practically all poorly constructed signs blown down. Some damage to roofing
materials of buildings; some window and door damage. Some structural damage to small
buildings. Mobile homes destroyed. Storm surge possibly 9 to 12 feet above normal. Serious
flooding at coast and many smaller structures near coast destroyed; larger structures near
coast damage by battering waves and floating debris. Low-lying escape routes inland cut by
rising water 3 to 5 hours before hurricane center arrives.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-11
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
!Category 4: Winds of 131 to 155 miles per hour. Shrubs and trees blown down; all signs
down. Extensive damage to roofing materials, windows, and doors. Complete failure of roofs
on many small residences. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Storm surge possibly 13
to 18 feet above normal. Major damage to lower floors of structures near shore due to
flooding and battering by waves and floating debris. Low-lying escape routes inland cut by
rising water 3 to 5 hours before hurricane center arrives. Major erosion of beaches.
!Category 5: Winds greater than 155 miles per hour. Shrubs and trees blown down;
considerable damage to roofs of buildings; all signs down. Very severe and extensive damage
to windows and doors. Complete failure of roofs on many residences and industrial buildings.
Extensive shattering of glass in windows and doors. Some complete building failures. Small
buildings overturned or blown away. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Storm surge
possibly greater than 18 feet above normal. Major damage to lower floors of all structures less
than 15 feet above sea level. Low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours
before hurricane center arrives.
The following table provides the inundation acreage in Windsor for varying hurricane categories. The
model estimates 11.3% of Windsor’s planning jurisdiction will be inundated by a Category 1 or 2 fast
moving hurricane, 1.3% will be inundated by a Category 3 fast moving storm, and 2.1% will be
inundated by a Category 4 or 5 fast moving storm. For slowing moving hurricanes, 11.6% of
Windsor’s planning jurisdiction will be inundated by a Category 1 or 2 hurricane, 5.2% will be
inundated by a Category 3 storm, and 5.9% will be inundated by a Category 4 or 5 storm.
Table 16. Town of Windsor Hurricane Storm Surge Inundation
Corporate Limits ETJ Planning Jurisdiction
Fast Moving Storm Acres % of Total Acres % of Total Acres % of Total
Categories 1 and 2 150.54 8.8%749.62 12.0%900.16 11.3%
Category 3 37.28 2.2%68.94 1.1%106.22 1.3%
Categories 4 and 5 64.17 3.8%105.36 1.7%169.53 2.1%
Total 251.99 14.7%923.92 14.8%1,175.91 14.8%
Corporate Limits ETJ Planning Jurisdiction
Slow Moving Storm Acres % of Total Acres % of Total Acres % of Total
Categories 1 and 2 160.47 9.4%761.18 12.2%921.65 11.6%
Category 3 154.86 9.1%256.65 4.1%411.51 5.2%
Categories 4 and 5 186.15 10.9%280.44 4.5%466.59 5.9%
Total 501.48 29.3%1,298.27 20.7%1,799.75 22.6%
Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Page 3-12 October 12, 2017
£¤17
£¤17
£¤13
£¤13
£¤17
KIN
G
COOPER HILLMARDREGRABTOWN
G
O
V
E
R
N
O
R
S
GRANVILLEELMQ
U
E
E
N
B U D S HALEPOWELL AND STOKESB
E
L
M
O
N
T
COUNTY FARMGRA YY
OR
KRA
S
C
OE
G H E N T
B L O U N T
B
R
OA
DCHERRYHENRYPETERSONLAM PLANT
PINTAIL
CALEWR
E
N
T
A
Y
L
O
R
HOGGARD
GATLIN
G
TE R R Y
GRANVILLE STBARRINGERSPIVEYHOGGARD MILLDUNDEERHODESCASHIECLARKBAZEMORELEGHORNVILLAGECONNER
HILLCREST
N E W H O P E
COLONIAL KI
NGY
O
R
K
M a p 7 : S L O S H - F a s t M o v i n g H u r r i c a n e
Legend
Windsor Town Limits
Windsor ETJ
Cashie River
SLOSH Model - Fast Moving Hurricane
Category 1 & 2
Category 3
Category 4 & 5
I
0 0.50.25 Miles
£¤BYP
17
£¤BYP
17£¤13 Cashie RiverCashi
e Ri
ver
Page 3-13
£¤17
£¤17
£¤13
£¤13
£¤17
KIN
G
COOPER HILLMARDREGRABTOWN
G
O
V
E
R
N
O
R
S
GRANVILLEELMQ
U
E
E
N
B U D S HALEPOWELL AND STOKESB
E
L
M
O
N
T
COUNTY FARMGRA YY
OR
KRA
S
C
OE
G H E N T
B L O U N T
B
R
OA
DCHERRYHENRYPETERSONLAM PLANT
PINTAIL
CALEWR
E
N
T
A
Y
L
O
R
HOGGARD
GATLIN
G
TE R R Y
GRANVILLE STBARRINGERSPIVEYHOGGARD MILLDUNDEERHODESCASHIECLARKBAZEMORELEGHORNVILLAGECONNER
HILLCREST
N E W H O P E
COLONIAL KI
NGY
O
R
K
M a p 8 : S L O S H - S l o w M o v i n g H u r r i c a n e
Legend
Windsor Town Limits
Windsor ETJ
Cashie River
SLOSH Model - Slow Moving Hurricane
Category 1 & 2
Category 3
Category 4 & 5
I
0 0.50.25 Miles
£¤BYP
17
£¤BYP
17£¤13 Cashie RiverCashi
e Ri
ver
Page 3-14
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
5.Manmade Hazards
There are some significant manmade hazards within the Town of Windsor. The greatest
concentrations of hazardous materials are the storage of gasoline and fuel oil. In addition to fuel
storage, chemicals and pesticides are stored at a limited number of areas. The EPA requires that
facilities report certain chemical substances located on site. Specifically, under this regulatory
requirement, facilities with chemicals on the EPA’s list of Extremely Hazardous Substances present in a
quantity equal to or in excess of their established Threshold Planning Quantity or a 500 pound
threshold (whichever number is less), as well as any hazardous chemical present on site in a quantity
equal to or greater than 10,000 pounds must be included on an annual report called the Tier II. This
report must be submitted by March 1st each year to the North Carolina Emergency Response
Commission, the Local Emergency Planning Committee, and the local fire department with
jurisdiction over the reporting facility. A list of the current Tier II reporters within the Town of
Windsor’s planning jurisdiction can be obtained from the North Carolina State Emergency Response
Commission.
Although there are no hazardous waste sites within the town’s corporate limits, the Division of Waste
Management has identified a hazardous waste site within the extraterritorial jurisdiction. The Powell
and Stokes, Inc., site (NONCD 000 2326) is located just within the town’s ETJ on NC 13 at the northern
edge of this jurisdiction. The site had a nitrate spill that contaminated the groundwater. The NC
Inactive Hazardous Sites Branch monitors the annual groundwater analytical results. A consistent
attenuating trend in the nitrate levels has been observed over the past years.
6.Soils
A detailed soils survey was issued for Bertie County in 1990. The Natural Resources Conservation
Service is updating and publishing soil surveys on a continuing basis. A current soils survey for Bertie
County is available via the Natural Resources Conservation Services Web Soil Survey
(http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/). The current soils survey identifies 30 soils series located in
the Town of Windsor. Twenty-two of the 30 soil series are considered very limited for septic tank
absorption fields. The soils series characteristics are summarized in Appendix E.
In terms of land use in relation to development and economic development, there are several factors
that should be acknowledged including environmentally sensitive areas and soils as well as areas
considered prime farmlands. The following sections provide an overview of these issues and their
impact on the town overall.
Prime Farmlands
The preservation of prime farmland is important to Windsor’s and Bertie County’s agricultural interest
and economy. Prime farmland is one of several kinds of important farmland defined by the US
Department of Agriculture. It is of major importance in meeting the nation’s short- and long-range
October 12, 2017 Page 3-15
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
needs for food and fiber. Because the supply of high-quality farmland is limited, the US Department
of Agriculture recognizes that responsible levels of government, as well as individuals, should
encourage and facilitate the wise use of the nation’s prime farmland.
Prime farmland, as defined by the US Department of Agriculture, is land that has the best
combination of physical and chemical characteristics for producing food, feed, forage, fiber, and
oilseed crops and is available for these uses. It could be cultivated land, pastureland, forest land, or
other land, but it is not urban or built-up land or water areas. The soil qualities, growing season, and
moisture supply are factors needed for the soil to economically produce sustained high yields of
crops when proper management techniques, including water management and acceptable farming
methods, are applied.
Generally, prime farmland has an adequate and dependable supply of moisture from precipitation or
irrigation, a favorable temperature and growing season, an acceptable salt and sodium content, and
few or no rocks. Prime farmland is permeable to water and air. It is not excessively erodible or
saturated with water for long periods, and it is either not frequently flooded during the growing
season or is protected from flooding. The slope ranges mainly from 0 to 6 percent. About 5,610
acres, or 70.4% of Windsor’s planning jurisdiction, meets the soil requirements for prime farmland.
This farmland normally occurs on uplands and stream terraces mainly in areas near major
drainageways. The main crops are corn, soybeans, tobacco, and wheat. The following soils are
identified as prime farmland (this list does not constitute a recommendation for a particular land use):
All Areas are Prime Farmland
!AtA Altavista fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes
!CrA Craven fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes
!CrB Craven fine sandy loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes
!DgA Dogue sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
!DgB Dogue sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes
!GoA Goldsboro sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes
!NoA Norfolk sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
!NoB Norfolk sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes
!WkA Wickham fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
!WkB Wickham fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes
Farmland of Statewide Importance
!BoB Bonneau loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes
!CnB Conetoe loamy sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes
!Lf Leaf loam
!Ln Lenoir fine sandy loam
!Wa Wahee sandy loam
!WkC Wickham fine sandy loam, 6 to 10 percent slopes
!WtD Winton fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes
Page 3-16 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Prime Farmland If Drained
!Au Augusta fine sandy loam
!Na Nahunta very fine sandy loam
!Ra Rains sandy loam
!Ch Chewacla loam, frequently flooded
Windsor’s prime farmland areas are delineated on Map 9. The following summarizes the prime
farmland acreage within the town’s jurisdiction.
Table 17. Town of Windsor Prime Farmland Acreage
Jurisdiction Acres % of Town Acreage
Corporate Limits 1,240.25 15.6%
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction 4,369.98 54.8%
Total 5,610.23 70.4%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-17
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Hydric Soils
Hydric soils, as defined by the US Department of Agriculture, are soils that are wet frequently enough
to periodically produce anaerobic conditions, thereby influencing the species composition or growth,
or both, of plants on those soils. Hydric soils may or may not be subject to 404 wetlands regulations.
Map 10 delineates hydric soils in the town’s jurisdiction. The following summarizes the hydric soils
acreage within the town’s jurisdiction.
Table 18. Town of Windsor Hydric Soils Acreage
Jurisdiction Acres % of Town Acreage
Corporate Limits 423.32 5.3%
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction 2,071.98 26.0%
Total 2,495.30 31.3%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Page 3-18 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
7.Environmentally Fragile Areas
Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC) are the foundation of the Coastal Resources Commission’s
permitting program for coastal development. An AEC is an area of natural importance. It may be
easily destroyed by erosion or flooding or it may have environmental, social, economic, or aesthetic
values that make it valuable.
The Coastal Resource Commission designates areas as AECs to protect them from uncontrolled
development that may cause irreversible damage to property, public health or the environment,
thereby diminishing their value to the entire state. Statewide, AECs cover almost all coastal waters
and less than 3% of the land in the 20 coastal counties. There are no environmentally fragile areas
where resource functions are being impacted as a result of development, this includes areas that are
being impacted or loss as a result of incompatible development.
Fragile areas are those areas that are not explicitly defined as AECs but that could cause significant
environmental damage or other diminution of quality of life if not managed. These include wetlands,
natural heritage areas, areas containing endangered species, prime wildlife habitats, or maritime
forests. These areas must be evaluated pursuant to State regulations at 15A NCAC 7H for the CAMA
Land Use Planning process.
This section of the plan evaluates the following AECs and fragile areas in Windsor: public trust areas,
coastal shorelines, wetlands, and significant natural heritage areas/ protected lands.
Public Trust Areas
The North Carolina Division of Coastal Management (DCM) defines public trust areas as the coastal
waters and submerged lands that every North Carolinian has the right to use for activities such as
boating, swimming, or fishing. These areas often overlap with estuarine waters, but they also include
many inland fishing waters. The following lands and waters are considered public trust areas:
!All waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands underneath, from the normal high water mark
on shore to the state’s official boundary three miles offshore;
!All navigable natural water bodies and the lands underneath, to the normal high watermark
on shore (a body of water is considered navigable if you can float a canoe in it). This does not
include privately-owned lakes where the public doesn’t have access rights;
!All water in artificially-created water bodies that have significant public fishing resources and
are accessible to the public from other waters; and
!All waters in artificially-created water bodies where the public has acquired rights by
prescription, custom, usage, dedication or any other means.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-19
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Public trust areas must be delineated by on-site analysis. Under CAMA regulations, all lands 30 feet
landward of public trust areas are subject to the restrictions specified for estuarine shorelines. In
Windsor, the waters of the Cashie River and its tributaries are considered public trust areas and inland
waters.
Coastal Shorelines
The Coastal Shorelines category includes estuarine shorelines and public trust shorelines. Estuarine
shorelines AEC are those non-ocean shorelines extending from the normal high water level or normal
water level along the estuarine waters for a distance of 75 feet landward. The areas support the
ecological function of estuaries and are highly vulnerable to erosion caused by wind or water and to
damage caused by development. Development along estuarine shorelines can exacerbate water
quality problems within estuarine waters and expedite the threats of shorefront erosion and flooding.
There are no estuarine waters or estuarine shorelines in Windsor’s planning jurisdiction.
Public trust shorelines AECs are those non-ocean shorelines immediately contiguous to public trust
areas, as defined in Rule 07H.0207(a), located inland of the dividing line between coastal fishing
waters and inland fishing waters as set forth in that agreement and extending 30 feet landward of the
normal high water level or normal water level. Public trust shorelines in Windsor are located along
the public trust areas of the Cashie River and its tributaries.
Wetlands
Wetlands are lands that are saturated or covered with a shallow layer of water for part of the year and
are not necessarily permanently wet. Many wetlands occur in areas where surface water collects or
where underground water discharges to the surface, making the area wet for extended periods of
time. Coastal wetlands are any marsh in a coastal area that regularly or occasionally floods by lunar or
wind tide, and that include certain plant species. Wetlands include a variety of natural systems such
as marshes, swamps, and pocosins. While they may not all look the same, they share certain
characteristics such as wetland vegetation, hydric soils, and hydrologic features.
Wetlands provide natural functions that benefit the area around them. Wetlands are critical for water
quality protection. Stormwater runoff that may have toxins washes into water bodies contaminating
them. Wetlands provide a buffer between the two that traps sediment, removes nutrients, and
detoxifies chemicals. Wetlands are also useful for flood protection by storing water and slowly
releasing it. Wetlands assist with the stabilization of shorelines to protect from erosion, and they also
provide a safe wildlife habitat.
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act establishes a program to regulate the discharge of dredged and fill
material into waters of the United States, including freshwater wetlands. Activities in waters of the
United States that are regulated under this program include fill for development, water resource
projects (such as dams and levees), infrastructure development (such as highways and airports), and
Page 3-20 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
conversion of wetlands to uplands for farming and forestry. The basic premise of the program is that
no discharge of dredged or fill material can be permitted if a practicable alternative exists that is less
damaging to the aquatic environment or if the nation’s waters would be significantly degraded. On-
site evaluation is needed to determine the exact locations of 404 wetlands.
Section 401 of the Clean Water Act states that any activity requiring a Federal 404 permit (a US Army
Corps of Engineers permit for the discharge of dredged or fill material) that results in a discharge to
waters or freshwater wetlands, then a 401 Water Quality Classification is also required. When the state
issues a 401 classification, this certifies that a given project will not degrade waters of the state or
otherwise violate water quality standards.
According to the North Carolina Coastal Regional Evaluation of Wetland Significance (NC-CREWS),
approximately 19.3% of the Windsor planning jurisdiction is considered to be a wetland. The
locations of these wetlands are delineated on Map 11. Almost all of the town’s wetlands are
freshwater forested/shrub wetlands. There are very limited amounts of freshwater emergent,
freshwater pond, and riverine wetlands.
Table 19. Town of Windsor Wetland Acreage
Type Town
Acres
% of Town
Acreage
ETJ
Acres
% of ETJ
Acreage
Total
Acres
% of Total
Acreage
Freshwater Emergent Wetland 11.60 0.7%64.08 0.8%75.69 0.8%
Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland 227.12 13.3%1,446.80 18.8%1,673.92 17.8%
Freshwater Pond 7.56 0.4%9.12 0.1%16.68 0.2%
Riverine 16.01 0.9%29.79 0.4%45.79 0.5%
Total 262.29 15.3%1,549.79 20.2%1,812.08 19.3%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-21
£¤17
£¤17
£¤13
£¤13
£¤17
KIN
G
COOPER HILLMARDREGRABTOWN
G
O
V
E
R
N
O
R
S
GRANVILLEELMQ
U
E
E
N
B U D S HALEPOWELL AND STOKESB
E
L
M
O
N
T
COUNTY FARMGR AYY
OR
KRA
S
C
OE
G H E N T
B L O U N T
B
R
OA
DCHERRYHENRYPETERSONLAM PLANT
PINTAIL
CALEWR
E
N
T
A
Y
L
O
R
HOGGARD
GATLIN
G
TE R R Y
GRANVILLE STBARRINGERSPIVEYHOGGARD MILLDUNDEERHODESCASHIECLARKBAZEMORELEGHORNVILLAGECONNER
HILLCREST
N E W H O P E
COLONIAL KI
NGY
O
R
K
M a p 1 1 : W e t l a n d s
Legend
Windsor Town Limits
Windsor ETJ
Freshwater Emergent WetlandFreshwater Forested/Shrub WetlandFreshwater PondRiverine
I
0 0.50.25 Miles
£¤BYP
17
£¤BYP
17
£¤13
Cashie RiverCashi
e Ri
ver
Page 3-22
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Natural Heritage Natural Areas/Protected Lands
Natural resource fragile areas are generally recognized to be of educational, scientific, or cultural
value because of the natural features of the particular site. Features in these areas serve to distinguish
them from the vast majority of the landscape. These areas include complex natural areas, areas that
sustain remnant species, pocosins, wooded swamps, prime wildlife habitats, or registered natural
landmarks.
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program of the Division of Parks and Recreation works to identify
and facilitate protection of the most ecologically significant natural areas remaining in the state.
Natural areas may be identified because they provide important habitat for rare species or because
they contain outstanding examples of the rich natural diversity of this state.
There is only one natural heritage area which is located in the Town of Windsor planning jurisdiction
(see Table 20 and Map 12). Appendix A provides a US Fish & Wildlife Services list of endangered/
threatened species in Bertie County. Appendix B provides a NC Heritage Program list of plant species
which exists in the County.
Table 20. Town of Windsor Natural Heritage Natural Area (Refer to Map 12)
Map Ref.#Natural Heritage Area Site Acres
% of Total
Planning
Jurisdiction
1 Roquist Creek/Cashie River Swamp 270.66 3.40%
Source: North Carolina GIA, North Carolina Parks & Recreation, Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Slopes in Excess of 12%
Areas of excessive slope are considered to be areas with slopes in excess of 12%. The topography in
Windsor is relatively flat; however, some areas along the Cashie River may be exceptions. According
to the Soil Survey of Bertie County, North Carolina , there is only one soil with the possibility of being
in excess of 12% in Windsor’s planning jurisdiction. Excess slope has had little impact on land use
and/or development within Windsor.
Excessive Erosion Areas
Excessive erosion of shoreline areas has not been a problem within Windsor’s planning jurisdiction.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-23
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
8.Areas of Resource Potential
Regional Significant Parks
There are several recreational facilities located within Windsor. They are identified in the Analysis of
Existing Community Facilities/Services. Both the Livermon Park and Mini Zoo and the Roanoke-
Cashie River Center are public parks located within the Town’s planning jurisdiction which have
regional significance.
Marinas and Mooring Fields
Marinas are defined as any publicly- or privately-owned dock, basin, or wet boat storage facility
constructed to accommodate more than ten boats and providing any of the following services:
permanent or transient docking spaces, dry storage, fueling facilities, haulout facilities, and repair
Page 3-24 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
service. Excluded from this definition are boat ramp facilities allowing access only, temporary
docking, and none of the preceding services.
A “freestanding mooring” is any means to attach a ship, boat, vessel, floating structure, or other water
craft to a stationary underwater device, mooring buoy, buoyed anchor, or piling (not associated with
an existing pier, dock, or boathouse). When more than one freestanding mooring is used in the same
general vicinity it is commonly referred to as a mooring field. The Town of Windsor has not regulated
the establishment of mooring fields within its planning jurisdiction and they have not been a
problem.
Floating Homes
A floating home or structure is any structure, not a boat, supported by a means of flotation, designed
to be used without a permanent foundation, which is used or intended for human habitation or
commerce. A structure will be considered a floating structure when it is inhabited or used for
commercial purposes for more than thirty days in any one location. A boat may be deemed a floating
structure when its means of propulsion has been removed or rendered inoperative and it contains at
least 200 square feet of living space area. Currently, there are no floating homes located within
Windsor’s planning jurisdiction.
Aquaculture
As defined under N.C. General Statute 106-758, aquaculture is the propagation and rearing of aquatic
species in controlled or selected environments, including, but not limited to ocean ranching.
Aquaculture has not been an issue in the Windsor planning jurisdiction.
Channel Maintenance
The Cashie River provides a route for fisherman and recreational boat traffic. Proper maintenance of
channels is very important to Windsor. If silt or other deposits fill in the channels, safe and efficient
movement of vessels could be impeded. At the present time, there is no channel maintenance
program in Windsor.
Marine Resources (Water Quality)
The North Carolina Division of Water Resources assigns water quality classifications to all named
waters of the State of North Carolina. The classifications are based upon the existing or contemplated
best usage of the various streams and segments of streams within a basin, as determined through
studies, evaluations, and comments received at public hearings. The state water classification system
is summarized in Table 21.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-25
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Table 21. NC Division of Water Resources Water Body Classifications
PRIMARY FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER CLASSIFICATIONS*
CLASS BEST USES
C and SC Aquatic life propagation/protection and secondary recreation
B and SB Primary recreation and Class C uses
SA Waters classified for commercial shellfish harvesting
WS Water Supply watershed. There are five WS classes ranging from WS-I through WS-V. WS
classifications are assigned to watersheds based on land use characteristics of the area. Each
water supply classification has a set of management strategies to protect the surface water
supply. WS-I provides the highest level of protection and WS-V provides the least protection. A
Critical Area (CA) designation is also listed for watershed areas within a half-mile and draining to
the water supply intake or reservoir where an intake is located.
SUPPLEMENTAL CLASSIFICATIONS
CLASS BEST USES
Sw Swamp Waters: Recognizes waters that will naturally be more acidic (have lower pH values) and
have lower levels of dissolved oxygen.
Tr Trout Waters: Provides protection to freshwaters for natural trout propagation and survival of
stocked trout.
HQW High Quality Waters: Waters possessing special qualities including excellent water quality, Native
or Special Native Trout Waters, Critical habitat areas, or WS-I and WS-II water supplies.
ORW Outstanding Resource Waters: Unique and special surface waters that are unimpacted by
pollution and have some outstanding resource values.
NSW Nutrient Sensitive Waters: Areas with water quality problems associated with excessive plant
growth resulting from nutrient enrichment.
* Primary classifications beginning with an “S” are assigned to saltwaters.
Source: NC Department of Environmental Quality
Water quality classifications vary slightly within Windsor’s planning jurisdiction. Table 22 provides a
listing of the water bodies within the Windsor planning jurisdiction that are classified by the NC
Division of Water Resources along with their assigned classification. There are no HQW/ORW waters
or shellfishing waters located within Windsor’s planning jurisdiction. Additionally, there are no water
supply watersheds or wellhead protection areas in Windsor.
Table 22. Town of Windsor Water Bodies and Classifications
Name of Stream Description Current Classification Stream Index #
Cashie River From source to a point 1.0 mile upstream
from Bertie County SR 1500
C; Sw 24-2-(1)
Source: NC Division of Water Resources.
Under section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act, states, territories and authorized tribes (included in the
term State here) are required to submit lists of impaired waters. These are waters that are too
polluted or otherwise degraded to meet water quality standards. There are currently no 303(d) waters
in Windsor. Additionally, non-point source surface runoff is not a significant contributor to local or
regional water quality issues.
Page 3-26 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Finfish, Finfish Habitat, and Primary Nursery Areas
The North Carolina Marine Fisheries Commission (MFC) has adopted definitions in rule for
anadromous spawning and nursery areas. Anadromous fish spawning areas are those areas where
evidence of spawning of anadromous fish has been documented by direct observation of spawning,
capture of running ripe females, or capture of eggs or early larvae [NCAC 31.0101(20)(C)].
Anadromous fish nursery areas are those areas in the riverine and estuarine systems utilized by post-
larval and later juvenile anadromous fish [NCAC 31.0101(20)(D)].
Wetlands are of great importance to fisheries production serving as sources of biological productivity,
directly and indirectly, nursery areas and reducing sedimentation/turbidity to improve water quality.
The waters of the Roanoke River basin are an important habitat for several anadromous fish species.
Anadromous species found in the basin include Shad, Striped Bass, and River Herring. According to
the NC Division of Water Resources, there are no primary nursery areas located within Windsor’s
planning jurisdiction.
9.Chronic Wastewater Treatment System Malfunctions
The Windsor Waste Treatment Plant sits in the southern portion of the Town’s corporate limits. The
facility has not experienced any chronic system malfunctions.
10.Public Health Hazards
There are no significant septic tanks issues in Windsor’s planning jurisdiction.
11.Water Quality, Natural Hazards, and Natural Resources
Basinwide water quality planning is a watershed-based approach to restoring and protecting the
quality of North Carolina’s surface waters. Basinwide water quality plans are prepared by the NC
Division of Water Resources (DWR) for each of the 17 major river basins in the state. Each basinwide
plan is revised at 5-year intervals. The Town of Windsor is located in the Roanoke River Basin. Water
quality has basinwide implications and does not start or stop at geo-political boundaries; therefore,
the Town of Windsor is affected by the water quality within the entire basin as a whole. The first
Basinwide Water Quality Plan for the Roanoke River Basin was completed in 1996, the second in 2001,
the third in 2006, and the fourth in 2012 (which remains the current, applicable plan). The following
are the goals of basinwide program:
!Identify water quality problems and restore full use to Impaired waters.
!Identify and protect high value resource waters.
!Protect unimpaired waters while allowing for reasonable economic growth.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-27
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
These goals are accomplished through the following objectives:
!Assure equitable distribution of waste assimilative capacity.
!Better evaluate cumulative effects of pollution.
!Improve public awareness and involvement.
As existing and future land uses are considered within Windsor, these goals should be kept in mind.
Windsor is located entirely within the Roanoke River Basin’s subbasin 03010107. The Roanoke River
Basin and subbasin 03010107 boundaries are shown on Map 13.
Page 3-28 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
The following provides a summary of existing conditions in the Roanoke River Basin and subbasin
03010107 along with the DWR recommendations from the 2012 Basinwide Plan:
Water Quality (Roanoke River Basin)
The Roanoke River begins in the Blue Ridge Mountains of northwestern Virginia and flows in a
generally southeastern direction for 400 miles before emptying into the Albemarle Sound in eastern
North Carolina. By the time it reaches the fall line near Roanoke Rapids, it has captured water from
nearly 8,000 square miles of land. From Roanoke Rapids to the coast, the river drains another 2,000
square miles, carrying more water than any other river in North Carolina. The North Carolina portion
of the basin (roughly 36% of the entire watershed) is composed of two major drainages: the Dan River
and its tributaries in the western section; and the Roanoke River from Virginia to the Albemarle Sound
in the eastern section. The Roanoke River enters North Carolina through John H. Kerr Reservoir and
then flows into Lake Gaston and Roanoke Rapids lake before regaining its riverine form.
The Roanoke River Basin encompasses all or portions of 17 counties and 42 municipalities. In 2010,
the overall population in the basin was 289,784. The most populated areas are located north of the
Winston-Salem/Greensboro area, and around the larger municipalities in the basin, such as Roanoke
Rapids, Eden, Williamston, and Plymouth.
Though some urban and suburban development has occurred in the Roanoke River basin, according
to 2006 data, the greatest portion of land cover in the basin has remained forest and, to a lesser
extent, agriculture-based. Also characteristic of activities throughout the state, nonpoint source
runoff and numerous small point source dischargers associated with development and agricultural
activities have potential to affect water quality in the basin.
Water Quality (Subbasin 03010107)
Windsor is located in subbasin 03010107. The subbasin is located entirely within the lower coastal
plain. Most of the streams are slow moving and often stop flowing in the summer months. This
subbasin is the least densely populated and has the lowest estimated population projection in the
entire river basin. Most of this subbasin is located in Bertie County, which is expected to decrease by
8% in population by 2020. There are four major and eight minor NPDES permitted facilities and three
registered animal operations in subbasin 03010107.
Use support ratings were assigned for waters in subbasin 03010107 in the aquatic life, recreation, fish
consumption, and water supply categories. All waters are Impaired on an evaluated basis in the fish
consumption category because of fish consumption advice that applies to the entire basin. In the
water supply category, all waters are Supporting on an evaluated basis based on reports from DEH
regional water treatment plant consultants.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-29
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
The following recommendations were provided in the Water Quality Management Plan for
waterbodies in Windsor.
Cashie River
2012 Recommendation. DWR will continue to monitor fish tissue in the Cashie River
and will work to identify sources of mercury.
Current Status and 2012 Recommendations. The Cashie River is Supporting for
aquatic life and recreation. Since 2002, the Cashie River has been on the Impaired Waters list
due to fish consumption advisory. This advisory was put in place by NCDHHS as a result of a
2003 study of mercury in fish tissue. This advisory has been lifted causing the river to be
removed from the list. A Statewide Mercury TMDL is also in development stages to address
this issue.
In the Roanoke River Basin, there are a variety of water quality stressors. These include, but are not
limited to, habitat degradation, low dissolved oxygen, turbidity, fecal coliform bacteria, dioxin, and
mercury in fish tissue. While some of these occur naturally, management of various land use activities
may be needed to maintain water quality. Actions that can reduce impacts to coastal waters are:
Stormwater Control Program Improvements and Growth Management Initiatives.
Natural Hazards/Natural Resources
For detailed information on natural hazards and natural resources in Windsor, refer to Sections 3.B.4
(page 3-9), 3.B.7 (page 3-19), and 3.B.8 (page 3-25). In addition, refer to Sections 3.C, Existing Land Use
(pages 3-31 and 3-32) and 3.F, Land Suitability, Preference, and Conflict (pages 3-50 to 3-60).
C.Existing Land Use
1.Introduction
The following discussion provides a traditional existing land use analysis for the Windsor planning
area. Existing land use conditions are classified by building types/uses and include eight categories:
Commercial, Office/Institutional, Single Family Residential, Multi Family Residential, Rural Residential/
Agriculture, Industrial, Recreational, and Vacant/Unimproved.
2.Existing Land Use Conditions
Within the total planning area, the majority of intensive land use has generally occurred along US 117
Bypass and the Downtown area. This trend has primarily occurred because of conditions such as
transportation corridors and location of the Central Business District and County Courthouse.
Page 3-30 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
A detailed existing land use survey was conducted involving several available data resources. A
comprehensive analysis involving Bertie County tax parcel data, aerial photography, and field
observations resulted in the development of a parcel-by-parcel account of existing conditions
throughout the Windsor planning area. Each piece of property was classified by the current use. The
following defines the characteristics of each existing land use category:
!Commercial - retail, service, and shopping establishments
!Office and Institutional - government and public service, church, offices, and schools
!Single-Family Residential - parcels accommodating a single-family detached or duplex
dwelling
!Multi-Family Residential - parcels with three or more dwelling units on a single parcel
!Rural Residential/Agricultural - all residential properties greater than five (5) acres, may
include some agricultural use
!Industrial - wastewater treatment facilities and sanitary sewer facilities
!Recreation - lands committed to public use for open or active recreational purposes
!Vacant - parcels void of any development and not committed to an agriculture or forestry use
!Right-of-Way - All state and town maintained roads, streets, and sidewalks.
Map 14 depicts the existing land use for Windsor and its extraterritorial jurisdiction. The land use
acreages are provided in Table 23. For comparison, Table 23 also provides the normal range of land
use acreages for eastern North Carolina communities (corporate limits). Windsor appears to have
higher than normal Office/Institutional land use and higher than normal Industrial land use. The
corporate limits vacant land use is lower than normal. As in most communities, residential land use
occupied the most acreage.
Table 23. Existing Land Use
Land Use Category
Corporate
Limits % of Total ETJ % of Total
Total
Planning
Area % of Total
Corporate
Limits % of
Land Use Range
Commercial 150.99 8.8%70.06 1.1%221.05 2.8%8% - 14%
Office and Institutional 299.13 17.5%41.56 0.7%340.69 4.3%7% - 9%
Single Family Residential 489.09 28.6%148.84 2.4%637.93 8.0%
20% - 30%Multi Family Residential 10.72 0.6%0.00 0.0%10.72 0.1%
Rural Residential/Agricultural 39.99 2.3%3,109.82 49.7%3,149.81 39.5%
Industrial 55.63 3.3%58.40 0.9%114.03 1.4%<1%
Recreation 88.05 5.2%45.15 0.7%133.20 1.7%
Vacant 351.92 20.6%2,509.70 40.1%2,861.62 35.9%30% - 45%
Right-of-Way 223.30 13.1%277.42 4.4%500.72 6.3%8% - 12%
Total 1,708.8 100.0%6,260.95 100.0%7,969.77 100.0%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-31
£¤17
£¤17
£¤13
£¤13
£¤17
KIN
G
COOPER HILLMARDREGRABTOWN
GOVERNORS
GRANVILLEELMQ
U
E
E
N
B U D S HALEPOWELL AND STOKESB
E
L
M
O
N
T
COUNTY FARMGRA YY
OR
KRA
S
C
OE
G H E N T
B L O U N T
B
R
OA
DCHERRYHENRYPETERSONLAM PLANT
PINTAIL
CALEWR
E
N
T
A
Y
L
O
R
HOGGARD
G
ATLIN
G
TE R R Y
GRANVILLE STBARRINGERSPIVEYHOGGARD MILLDUNDEERHODESCASHIECLARKBAZEMORELEGHORNVILLAGECONNER
HILLCREST
N E W H O P E
COLONIAL KI
NGY
O
R
K
M a p 1 4 : E x i s t i n g L a n d U s e
Existing Land Use
Commercial
Office & Institutional
Single-Family Residential
Multi-Family Residential
Rural Residential/Agricultural
Industrial
Recreation
Vacant
I
0 0.50.25 Miles
£¤BYP
17
£¤BYP
17
£¤13
Legend
Windsor Town Limits
Windsor ETJ
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
D.Community Facilities
Map 15 provides the locations of Windsor’s community facilities.
1.Law Enforcement
Law enforcement is provided to the area by the Town of
Windsor Police Department, located at 128 South King
Street. The department has one (1) Chief, one (1) Sergeant,
one (1) Detective, and seven (7) patrol officers. Officers have
their own cars and utilize radars and four (4) Mobile Data
Computers. In addition, there are six (6) in-car cameras. The
department responds to 3,000 to 4,000 calls per year.
Emergency calls to the department are dispatched through
Bertie County Communications.
According to crime data obtained from the State Bureau of Investigation, Windsor has seen decreases
in total offenses since 2007. The number of Aggravated Assault had the biggest decrease at 42.8%
followed by Larceny decreasing 9.3%. While there were increases since 2007 in the Robbery and
Motor Vehicle Theft crime categories, those categories experienced decreases between 2012 and
2014. Table 24 provides information regarding crime rates for the Town between 2007 and 2014.
Table 24. Town of Windsor Crime Data, 2007-2014
Crime 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Rape 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Robbery 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 0
Aggravated Assault 7 4 5 2 7 6 9 4
Burglary 17 22 18 13 19 8 10 18
Larceny 54 33 27 32 42 37 42 49
Motor Vehicle Theft 0 2 2 1 3 0 0 1
Total Offenses 79 63 54 49 73 53 62 73
Source: North Carolina State Bureau of Investigations.
The Windsor Police Department is located at 128
South King Street in Windsor, NC.Photo Courtesy
of the Town of Windsor.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-33
5
4
3
2 9
1
8
76
34
33
32 31
30 29
27
26
24
23
13
12
11 22
18
10
17161514
2120
19
KingKingMardreMardre
US 13-17US 13-17G ra b to w nGrabtown
Governors
Governors
GranvilleGranvilleUS-13US-13Greens Cross
Greens Cross
Cooper Hill
Cooper Hill
V a u g h nVaughn ElmElmB
r
o
a
d
B
r
o
a
d
US-13 BypassUS-13 BypassB u d sBuds HaleHaleTaylor
Taylor
US-17 BypassUS-17 BypassY
o
rk
Y
o
rkPowell and StokesPowell and StokesR
a
sc
o
e
R
a
sc
o
e
County FarmCounty Farm
Belm
ont
Belm
ont
G h e n tG h e n tPittPittRhodesRhodesCherryCherryHenryHenryPetersonPetersonWatsonWatsonCaleCalePintail
Pintail
Lam Plant
Lam Plant
Hoggard
Hoggard
H oflerH oflerTerryTerrySpiveySpiveySunSunClarkClarkPowellPowell
BazemoreBazemoreLeghornLeghornAskewAskew
HarrisHarrisDunlowDunlowCooperCooperDanDanSpringfieldSpringfieldWindsor Oaks
Windsor Oaks
York
York
25
Legend
Cashie River
Roads
Windsor Corporate Limits
Windsor ETJ
Pedestrian Destinations
Community Facilities
Grocery Retail
Medical Facilities
Physical Activity Location
Map 15: Community Facilities
0 0.50.25 MilesI
Page 3-34
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
2.Fire Services
The Town of Windsor Fire Department serves three (3) fire
districts: the Windsor Town District (comprised of the
corporate limits) and two (2) response districts. The
Department of Insurance (DOI) rating for the Windsor Town
District area is a Class 5. One of the response districts is a six
(6) mile response district and has a DOI rating of Class 9. The
other response district covers approximately 90 square miles
and is not rated. The fire station is located at 501 North King
Street in Windsor and houses two (2) engines, one (1) ladder
truck, one (1) tanker, and one (1) equipment truck. The
department has one (1) chief and 35 volunteers. The
volunteer staff includes two assistant chiefs, three captains,
three lieutenants, a treasurer, and a secretary. The department responds to approximately 200 calls
per year, the majority of which are motor vehicle crashes, with the remaining calls being grass or
structural fires. The department is also involved with public education programs for schools in the
area, as well as local businesses and organizations.
3.Emergency Medical Services
Emergency Medical Services are provided to residents of Windsor by the Bertie County Emergency
Services department. Bertie County provides paramedic service throughout the County with
operation bases in Aulander, Colerain, and Windsor.
4.Education
Windsor is served by the Bertie County School System. Windsor Elementary School serves grades K-5
and is located at 104 Cooper Hill Road in Windsor. Bertie Middle School serves grades 6-8 and is
located at 652 US Highway 13 North in Windsor. Bertie High/Bertie STEM High serves grades 9-12 and
is located at 715 US Highway 13 North in Windsor. Bertie Academy/Bertie Early College serves grades
7-12 and is located at 819 Governor’s Road in Windsor. Windsor is also served by Heritage Collegiate
Leadership Academy (charter school) which serves K-5 and Lawrence Academy (private) serving Pre-K
through 12th grade. The following table provides a summary of the schools that serve Windsor’s
school age children.
Table 25. Bertie County Public Schools Serving Windsor (2012-2013 School Year)
School Enrollment Staffing Capacity Recreational Facilities
Windsor Elementary 460 59 500 Gym and playground
Bertie Middle 638 78 900 Gym
Bertie High 528 95 1,800 Gym, football, baseball, softball fields
The Windsor Fire Department, through its
members, is dedicated to protecting life and
property through public safety education, fire
prevention, fire suppression and search/rescue.
Photo Courtesy of the Windsor Fire Department.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-35
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
School Enrollment Staffing Capacity Recreational Facilities
Bertie STEM High 166 13 Shared with Bertie High
Bertie Academy 23 10 50 Shared with Bertie Early College
Bertie Early College 115 22 Gym
Heritage Collegiate
Leadership Academy
315 46 320
Source: Bertie County Schools.
There are several opportunities for higher education in Bertie County, including Martin Community
College and Roanoke-Chowan Community College. The main campus of Martin Community College
(MCC) is located in Williamston and offers area residents a variety of degree programs ranging from
curriculum-based programs for degree completion to continuing education. In addition, the
community college offers training to start-up businesses through its Small Business Center (SBC) that
is part of the North Carolina Small Business Center Network (SBCN). Training is offered as seminars
and workshops, mostly at no charge. A Small Business Resource Center is available in the Williamston
campus library. In addition to books, periodicals, and other materials, the resource center includes
access to a personal computer for business planning and research. In 2007, Martin Community
College was ranked among the top 30 community colleges in the nation by the Washington Monthly
magazine. The magazine ranked MCC 19th in excellence in teaching methods linked to increased
student achievement. MCC’s Bertie Campus is located on Granville Street in Windsor. This 12,000
square foot facility includes a 20-seat networked computer lab and a multipurpose room with a
175-person seating capacity. Services provided at this multi-use center include adult basic skills, adult
high school education, and occupational and technical programming.
Roanoke-Chowan Community College is located in Ahoskie, NC, and currently has about 20 curricular
programs in which students may seek degrees, diplomas, and short term skills based certificates.
Most recently, the College has added an Associate of Fine Arts Degree in Visual Arts, in addition to
diplomas in high demand occupational training in Building Construction, Plumbing, and other
construction related technologies. The College offers a Lateral Entry Teacher Certificate tailored to
meet the need of public schools within the region desiring to fully credential educators who have
entered the classroom without the advantage of full unrestricted licensure. The Continuing
Education & Workforce Development Division meets business needs by setting up basic or
occupational related classes within local industries as well as developing Focused Industrial Training
(FIT) opportunities. Its Small Business component works on a one-to-one basis with individuals and
small companies wanting to start and or enhance a small business enterprise. The Hertford County
JobLink Career Center is also located on the R-CCC Campus.
Additionally, Chowan University, East Carolina University, Elizabeth City State University, and Shaw
University Cape Center are all within a 45-minute drive of Windsor.
Page 3-36 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
5.Library
The mission of the Albemarle Regional Library is to improve the
quality of life in Bertie, Gates, Hertford, and Northampton
counties by providing the best library services, collections, and
programs in accordance with the library's role as an educational
institution. The library system includes eight (8) library branches
with the main branch located in Winton, NC. The Town of
Windsor is served by the Lawrence Memorial Public Library
located on E. Dundee Street in Windsor. The library is open on
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Friday from 10:00 am to 6:00
pm, Thursday from 10:00 am to 8:00 pm, and Saturday from 9:00 am to 12:00 pm.
6.Parks and Recreation
The Town of Windsor has six (6) major recreation areas: Rotary Park, Elm Street Campground/
Treehouse Village, Livermon Park and Mini Zoo, Cashie Wetland Walk and Canoe Trail,
Roanoke/Cashie River Center, and Sutton Drive Tennis Courts. Rotary Park is primarily a passive open
space area which offers opportunities for fishing, walking, and nature viewing/bird watching. The
one-acre park is only accessible by foot or bicycle via King Street and currently has no parking spaces
available. The property was the site of the original wooden bridge that crossed the Cashie River to
bring commerce and visitors to the town. The Elm Street Campground is located just east of the
Cashie River and south of US 17. The campground is owned and operated by the town. There are
eleven (11) spots available for camping with electricity, water, and sewer hookups. The campground
caters mostly to recreational vehicle campers, but offers spots for tent campers as well as access to the
Cashie River via the Wildlife Resource Commission Boat Launch.
The Livermon Park and Mini Zoo is a unique attraction for
residents and visitors from across eastern North Carolina. The
facility spans approximately ten (10) acres and is connected to the
Cashie Wetland Walk and Canoe Trail. The facility is owned and
operated by the town and is free to visitors. The Mini Zoo includes
buffaloes, llamas, peacocks, alpacas, long horn sheep, ostriches,
emus, a zebra, and other animals available for viewing. The
recreation area offers picnic shelters, a restroom, basketball court,
and children’s playground area. The Cashie Wetlands Walk offers
visitors a trip into a natural wetlands environment with cypress
trees and other swampland flora. The Wetlands Walk entrance is
located on York Street adjacent to Livermon Park. The walk takes visitors to the edge of the Cashie
River. An observation deck allows views of several different species of endangered waterfowl as well
as other swampland animals in their natural habitats. Canoes and kayaks are available for $10 a day.
Lawrence Memorial Public Library in Windsor,
NC.Photo Courtesy of Albemarle Regional Library
The Cashie Wetlands Walk has a 1,800
foot handicapped walkway to the Cashie
River.Photo Courtesy of HCP.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-37
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
The Roanoke/Cashie River Center is located on Sutton Drive just south of Water Street (US 17
Business). The site spans approximately 7.5 acres and includes water access to the Cashie River. The
facility opened in 2000 and has a primary exhibits building, exhibit outbuildings on the grounds, and
a boardwalk/boat ramp along the river available to the public at no charge. An outdoor classroom is
available for educational opportunities or events. Cashie River boat tours are also offered free to
visitors every Saturday from April through October. In 2009, a structure was built on site to house the
Windsor Farmers Market. The Sutton Drive Tennis Courts are located on the corner of Nichols Street
and Sutton Drive. The courts were built six years ago and were resurfaced in July 2013. The facility
includes three courts, parking, and a covered seating area.
7.Historic, Cultural, and Scenic Areas
Windsor includes numerous historically significant sites. One of the town's most important assets is
the Windsor Historic District, which was approved for inclusion in the National Register of Historic
Places on July 29, 1991. The district is primarily located in Windsor's Central Business District and
generally defined as the area of King Street between Byrd and Water Streets, and Queen Street from
Camden Street to Water Street.
In addition to the Historic District, the following structures are of architectural or historic interest, or
are specifically listed in the National Register. Map 16 delineates the locations of the National Register
sites located within Windsor's planning jurisdiction.
National Register
Bertie County Courthouse, Windsor (5/10/1979)
Bertie Memorial Hospital, Windsor (6/22/2004)
Elmwood (Watson-Mardre House), Windsor vicinity (6/8/1982)
Freeman Hotel, Windsor (9/9/1982)
Rosefield, Windsor (8/26/1982)
Other Places of Architectural/Historic Interest
Earley House, 402 South Queen Street
The Inn at Gray's Landing, 401 South King Street
Gray-Gillam House, 305 South King Street
Mardre-Roscoe House, 208 South King Street
Freeman-Mizelle House, 101 West Granville Street
L.F. Pierce House, 304 North King Street
St. Thomas Episcopal Church, 207 West Gray Street
Spelling-Bond-Sutton House, 402 South King Street
Webb-Askew-Mizelle House, 308 South King Street
Matthews-Williford House, 204 South King Street
Dr. Henry Vaughan Dunstan's Office, 127 North King Street
Cherry House, 403 York Street
Page 3-38 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Other Places of Architectural/Historic Interest (continued)
E. S. Dail House, 313 King Street
Britton-Bell House, 407 South King Street
P. R. Gillam, Sr. House, 301 South King Street
Cashie Baptist Church, 203-205 South Queen Street
T. P. Gurley House, 111 South Queen Street
W. L. Lyon House, 102 South Queen Street
Pritchard-Gillam-Outlaw House, 103 South Queen Street
R. C. Bazemore General Store, 112-114 East Granville Street
Hoggard's Barber Shop, 109 East Granville Street
Windsor Small Business Center, 119 East Granville Street
Joyner and Associates, 129 East Granville Street
Butler House, 306 South King Street
One Room School House, North King Street
A. E. Bowen and Sons Wholesale, 209 North King Street
J. P. Freeman House, 310 North King Street
Dr. Rachel Lutton Boyce House, 212 North King Street
Powell and Stokes Warehouse, 204-206 North King Street
Masonic Lodge Building, 118 South King Street
Bertie Arts Council, 124 South King Street
Windsor Municipal Building, 128 South King Street
Richard W. Cooper Agency, 103 South King Street
J. B. Cherry Agency, 105 South King Street
Ivey Lane Florist, 119 South King Street
Spruill Building, 125-127 South King Street
Windsor Market Place Antiques, 129 South King Street
Wilson-Nicholls-Gillam-Hoggard House, 302 South King Street
Sheriff John W. Cooper House, 310 South King Street
In addition to the historic sites, there may be archaeologically significant sites scattered
throughout Windsor's planning jurisdiction. In particular, the Windsor area is considered an ancient
Indian habitat. As a result, anyone undertaking land-disturbing activities in Windsor should contact
the NC Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-39
^_
^_^_
^_
^_
£¤17
£¤17
£¤13
£¤13
£¤17
M a p 1 6 : H i s t o r i c P r o p e r t i e s
Legend
Windsor Town Limits
Windsor ETJ
Historic District
^_National Register
I 0 0.50.25 Miles
3
5
1
2
4
1. Rosefield2. Freeman Hotel3. Elmwood (Watson-Mardre House)4. Bertie County Courthouse5. Bertie Memorial Hospital
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
8.Administration
The Town of Windsor is governed by a Board of Commissioners-Administrator form of government.
The Administrative office is located at 128 South King Street. There are eleven departments and 31
employees. Following is a list of departments and the number of employees for each one.
!Governing Body 6 elected officials
!Administration 4 full-time
!Public Buildings 1 full-time
!Police 9 full-time, 5 part-time
!Fire 1 full-time, 1 part-time
!Streets 3 full-time
!Sanitation 4 full-time
!Recreation 1 full-time, 8 part-time
!Water 2 full-time
!Sewer 3 full-time
!Electric 3 full-time
9.Water System
The Town of Windsor currently owns and operates a potable water system which includes water
supply, storage, and distribution facilities serving residents and businesses within the Town Limits
and a few outside of the Town Limits. There are 1,071 residential and 314 commercial/industrial/
institutional water customers. Eighty-three (83) of those customers are outside the corporate limits.
Map 17 provides water and sewer infrastructure for Windsor’s planning jurisdiction. There are no
existing or planned private water supply service areas.
The water supply facilities include five (5) deep wells drawing water from the Castle Hayne Aquifer.
Those wells are located at Sutton Drive, Wall Street, Country Club Drive in the Industrial Park, and York
Street (2). The Sutton Drive well has a depth of 370 feet and a diameter of 8 inches; it has the ability to
pump at 250 gpm. The Wall Street well has a depth of 390 feet and a diameter of 10 inches; it has the
ability to pump at 300 gpm. The Country Club Drive well has a depth of 376 feet and a diameter of 12
inches; it has the ability to pump at 400 gpm. The York Street well site has two (2) wells; Well 6b has a
depth of 81 feet and a diameter of 6 inches while Well 6c has a depth of 364 feet and a diameter of 8
inches. The York Street wells have the ability to pump 200 gpm and 400 gpm, respectively.
The water system has a 1,368,000 mgd capacity to pump. Table 26 provides the 2013 water system
consumption by type of use. The distribution system includes one (1) elevated storage tank that has a
300,000 gallon capacity. The distribution main sizes include 12, 10, 8, and 6 inch mains. The system
includes 30 miles of water distribution lines. Groundwater is treated with zinc orthophosphate for
iron and is disinfected with a chlorine solution. There are no problems with the existing water system
October 12, 2017 Page 3-41
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
including quality, infrastructure, and capacity. Due to low population projections for the Town of
Windsor, there are no anticipated future water supply needs.
Table 26. Town of Windsor 2015 Water Use/Consumption
Type of Use Metered Connections
Metered Average Use
(MGD)*
Non-Metered
Connections
Non-Metered Estimated
Use (MGD)
Residential 1,071 0.113 0 0.000
Commercial 294 0.055 0 0.000
Industrial 1 0.015 0 0.000
Institutional 19 0.055 6 0.012
*Million gallons per day.
Source: 2015 Provisional Town of Windsor Water Supply Plan.
10.Sewer System
Windsor maintains a extended aeration sewage treatment plant with a design capacity of 1.15 mpd.
The sewer system has 1,459 sewer connection, including one bulk customer. The bulk customer is the
Town of Askewville; the Town of Windsor treats all of Askewville’s sewage. The sewer line is owned
and maintained by the Town of Askewville. The current flow in the system is approximately 584,000
gpd, 52.0% of the system’s capacity. The Town of Windsor has a NPDES permit to discharge treated
wastewater into Broad Branch, a tributary of the Cashie River. The current permit expired on May 31,
2017. The Town’s application for a new NPDES permit is pending approval by the NC Division of
Water Resources. There are no private package treatment plants operating within the town. There
are no problems with the existing sewer system, including quality, infrastructure, and capacity;
therefore, the Town has no plans to expand the system. According to the Bertie County
Environmental Health Director, there are no septic tank failures within the Town’s corporate limits or
occurrences of fecal coliform leaving the WWTP as a result of stormwater runoff. Table 27 provides
the 2012 sewage discharge by month. Due to low population projections for the Town of Windsor,
there are no anticipated future sewer needs.
Table 27. Town of Windsor 2015 Sewer Discharge
Month
Average Daily
Discharge (MGD)Month
Average Daily
Discharge (MGD)Month
Average Daily
Discharge (MGD)
January 0.829 May 0.523 September 0.559
February 0.807 June 0.651 October 0.727
March 0.731 July 0.523 November 0.770
April 0.610 August 0.501 December 0.770
Source: Town of Windsor 2015 Provisional Water Supply Plan.
Page 3-42 October 12, 2017
£¤17
£¤17
£¤13
£¤13
£¤17
Cas hi e Ri ver
Cashi
e Ri
ver
M a p 1 7 : W a t e r a n d S e w e r I n f r a s t r u c t u r e
I
0 10.5 Miles
£¤BYP
17
£¤BYP
17
¬«308
¬«308
*Water and sewer lineinfrastructures are not mappeddue to concerns related toHomeland Security.
Legend
Windsor ETJ
Windsor Town Limits / Water & Sewer Service Area
Parcels
Cashie River
Ser vice Areas O utside of Tow n Limits
Sewer
Water
Water & Sewer
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
11.Solid Waste Services
The Town of Windsor provides for the removal of household garbage, yard waste, and recyclables.
Pick up is once a week for residential and basic commercial customers. Large businesses that use
containers have pick up approximately twice a week. Once picked up by the Town, garbage is taken
to the Bertie County Landfill.
12.Electric Service
The Town of Windsor owns its own electrical distribution system and is responsible for the operation
and maintenance of that system. Electricity is purchased by the Town from North Carolina Dominion
Power. Electrical service is provided to between 2,070 customers.
13.Natural Gas
Natural gas service is provided to the Town by Piedmont Natural Gas.
14.Stormwater Management
Stormwater is generated by runoff from land and impervious areas such as paved streets, parking lots,
and building rooftops during rainfall and snow events. These surfaces often contain pollutants in
quantities that can adversely affect water quality and create flooding problems. When roads, parking
lots, sidewalks, homes, and offices replace the natural and permeable landscape, rainfall that would
once soak into vegetated ground is now stormwater runoff. One of the effects of increased runoff is
that this stormwater reaches streams and other water bodies because there is less opportunity for it
to infiltrate the ground, negatively affecting water quality. Velocities in streams increase causing
more erosion potential and base flow is lower during dry weather because of a lack of infiltration.
Existing Drainage Problems
The Town of Windsor’s stormwater drains into Cashie River which flows to the east ultimately into the
Albemarle Sound. The town currently maintains a stormwater system consisting of road side
drainage ditches and swales. Localized drainage is a concern for the town; however, the town’s most
significant flooding problems result from riverine flooding of the Cashie River. The town has
experienced significant flooding over the last 20 years from hurricane activity – most recently
Hurricane Matthew in 2016 – and has taken steps to mitigate damage through housing acquisition
and elevation projects. The town will continue to address localized flooding on a case-by-case basis,
while monitoring the impacts of flooding resulting from hurricanes and tropical storm activity. There
are no existing drainage problems or water quality issues related to point source discharges or runoff.
Page 3-44 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Water Quality
Stormwater runoff is a significant problem with respect to water quality. The major cause of any
impaired waters is fecal coliform bacteria. The possible sources include marinas and urban runoff.
EPA Regulation
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has begun implementation of Phase II of the Stormwater
Management Plan. The Town is not required to comply with Phase II stormwater regulations.
Coastal Stormwater Rules
In 2008, the NC Legislature adopted revised stormwater regulations that apply to all of the twenty
coastal CAMA-regulated counties. These rules are intended to increase stormwater management
standards throughout coastal areas, and in particular those sites within close proximity to shellfishing
(SA) waters.
The following summary defines what properties/projects within the Town of Windsor planning
jurisdiction will be subject to stormwater permitting under the newly adopted coastal stormwater
rules.
Properties located within ½ mile and draining to shellfishing (SA) waters :
Non-Residential Development will require a stormwater permit if:
The project requires a CAMA Major Permit
The project requires a Sedimentation & Erosion Control Permit (disturbs one acre or greater)
The project adds more than 10,000 square feet of built upon area (BUA)
Residential Development will require a stormwater permit if:
The project requires a CAMA Major Permit
The project requires a Sedimentation & Erosion Control Permit (disturbs one acre or greater)
The project disturbs less than one acre but meets the following criteria:
!Project adds more than 10,000 square feet of BUA; and
!Results in an overall site coverage over 12%.
Properties not located within ½ mile of defined SA waters :
Non-Residential Development will require a stormwater permit if:
The project requires a CAMA Major Permit
The project requires a Sedimentation & Erosion Control Permit (disturbs one acre or greater)
The project adds more than 10,000 square feet of built upon area (BUA)
October 12, 2017 Page 3-45
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Residential Development will require a stormwater permit if:
The project requires a CAMA Major Permit
The project requires a Sedimentation & Erosion Control Permit (disturbs one acre or greater)
Additionally, the summary above outlines what projects are subject to the new coastal stormwater
requirements. The permitting requirements for the various development types outlined above vary.
In general, properties requiring a stormwater permit through NCDEQ must meet the following
performance standard with respect to stormwater retainage and treatment: retain onsite the first 1.5
inches of rainfall or the runoff generated by the 1 year 24 hour storm whichever is greater. The
proposed system must also treat this runoff for 85% of all total suspended solids (TSS).
The town does not need to adopt any local ordinance requirements in order to establish compliance
with current state regulations. All current regulations are triggered by disturbance area on a project
by project basis. The town is currently requiring this through the project review process, and will
continue to do so.
North Carolina Shoreline Buffering
In August of 2000, the State of North Carolina developed a 30-foot buffering rule for all new
development in the 20 coastal counties governed by the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA). This
rule applies to all navigable waters, excluding the ocean, which has previously established setback
requirements. The development of this buffer does not restrict the construction of water dependent
structures, such as docks and boat ramps. The benefits of the buffering include the following:
(1)Flood Control – by reducing the velocity and providing a collection area for
stormwater runoff and precipitation. Buffers encourage water infiltration into the
ground, rather than flooding low-lying areas.
(2)Groundwater Recharge – buffers are also beneficial to recharging the groundwater
supply and promoting groundwater flow.
(3)Soil Erosion Prevention – vegetated buffers stabilize the soil and reduce
sedimentation.
(4)Conservation of Coastal Riparian Wildlife Habitats – these natural areas provide
breeding, nesting, and habitat, and protect wildlife from predication. Vegetated
buffers help increase the diversity of wildlife while providing site for foraging and
corridors for dispersal.
Page 3-46 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
E.Transportation
1.Roads
US Highways 13 and 17 and NC Highway 308 are the major transportation routes in Windsor. US
Highway 13 connects Windsor to Ahoskie on the north and to Williamston on the south. US Highway
17 connects the Town with Williamston to the south and Edenton to the east. NC Highway 308
crosses Bertie County in a north-south direction and connects Windsor with NC Highways 42 to the
west and 45 to the east. Windsor is located within the North Carolina Department of Transportation’s
(NCDOT) Division 1. According to the NCDOT 2012-2018 State Transportation Improvement Program,
there is one project planned within the Windsor area. The project includes the widening of US
Highway 13 to multi-lanes and a bridge replacement along the bypass.
2.Public Transportation
Choanoke Public Transportation Authority (CPTA) is a community transportation program dedicated
to meet the transportation needs of Bertie, Halifax, Hertford and Northampton Counties citizens.
CPTA provides local services Monday through Friday for trips to human service agencies, medical
appointments, community colleges, daycares, dialysis, Headstart, individual shopping trips, older
American nutrition sites and many other destinations. CPTA is funded by the North Carolina
Department of Transportation, Public Transportation Division and is a member of the North Carolina
Public Transportation Association, Inc.
3.Bicycle, Pedestrian, and Multi-Use Facilities
The Cashie Wetlands Walk and Canoe Trail offers visitors a trip into a natural wetlands environment
with cypress trees and other swampland flora. A pedestrian bridge provides handicap access by
boardwalk to the swamp floor and allows visitors to experience the wetlands first hand. The Wetlands
Walk has an 1,800 foot handicapped accessible walkway to the Cashie River and features a fishing pier
at its end. The Roanoke/Cashie River Center also offers a boardwalk along the river which is available
to the public. Providing more options for alternative travel choices is a goal the town wishes to
pursue. The Town has future plans for a proposed greenway which would connect the Elm Street
Campground to the downtown area via a ten foot asphalt multi-use path. The proposed facility
would connect to the sidewalk running parallel to King Street, just east of the bridge. The Town owns
several parcels along Elm Street and Maple Avenue. The proposed greenway would utilize several of
these vacant parcels to construct the facility. Refer to Section 4 for further information.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-47
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
4.Air Transportation
There are no airport facilities located within Windsor’s planning jurisdiction. Bertie County/Windsor
travelers utilize the services offered at nearby Pitt-Greenville Airport (40 miles away). US Air Express
serves the region from Pitt-Greenville Airport daily, providing connecting flights to the major airline
hubs at Charlotte, Raleigh-Durham, Baltimore, and Washington-Dulles airports. Connecting flight
schedules make one-day business trips possible to almost all metro areas east of the Mississippi River.
Raleigh-Durham International, Charlotte International, and Norfolk International airports each have
international flights to Europe and the Far East available daily. Raleigh-Durham is the East Coast hub
for American Airlines, while Charlotte is the hub for US Air.
The Martin County Airport is located approximately 24 miles from Windsor and has a paved 5,000 foot
lighted runway available for private and chartered planes. Fuel is also available. The recent upgrade
of the runway allows for almost all corporate jets to be able to utilize the county airport. Construction
of a parallel taxiway was completed in March of 2013. Other projects, including the addition of a
ramp extension and self service Avgas and jet fuel, were planned for Fall 2013. Services provided by
the airport include tie-downs (available nightly, weekly, or monthly), hangars, and fuel sales. Juliet-
Charlie Aviation also provides services to the airport. These include flight training, aerial application,
contract pilot services, ferry services, aircraft recovery, aerial photography, airplane detail, and call
ahead service.
Air cargo service is offered by several air freight carriers including Federal Express, Airborne Express,
Emery, and UPS, as well as US Air.
5.Rail and Port Facilities
There are no rail or port facilities located within Windsor’s planning jurisdiction.
6.Traffic Volume Maps
Map 18 provides an overview of the annual average daily traffic counts documented by NCDOT
throughout the town’s planning jurisdiction. These counts were documented in 2013, and provide an
effective snapshot of traffic volumes present within Windsor on a day-to-day basis. The most
significant traffic impact is clearly along the US 13/17 Bypass. This thoroughfare serves as a main
artery for the region, connecting Raleigh and Greenville with the Norfolk/Chesapeake region located
to the north across the Virginia state line. Aside from the Bypass, the town experiences a significant
volume of daily traffic along US 13/King Street. This route serves as both a connector to the Bypass
through the Central Business District, and as a collector street providing access to both commercial
and residential portions of Windsor’s planning jurisdiction.
Page 3-48 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Bertie County is within 35 to 45 minutes of Interstate 95, the state’s major North/South corridor. As
previously noted, US Highways 13 and 17 pass through Bertie County and are significant east coast
north-south routes. These routes allow easy access to all points north, south, east, and west. North
Carolina Highways 11, 42, 45, 305, and 308 also serve the county. There are currently no highway
segments having unacceptable levels of service. Additionally, based on the existing land use analysis
outlined in this plan, existing development patterns should not have an impact on the regional
thoroughfare plan during the planning period.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-49
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
F.Land Suitability, Preference, and Conflict
1.Introduction
Land use suitability, preference, and conflict refers to a process used to identify locations where a
particular land use type may yield the greatest benefit to a given jurisdiction. Such a process is
helpful in providing a tool for identifying lands that may be best suited for relatively intensive human
activity, conservation purposes, or productive agricultural lands, in addition to those locations poised
for future conflicting land uses. This process is gleaned from the Land Use Conflict Identification
Strategy (LUCIS) Model created by the University of Florida's GeoPlan Center.
These three land use typologies - urban, conservation, and agriculture - are inherently different in
both their financial obligations, ecological impacts, and productivity. Urban land uses, such as
commercial, retail, or residential development often require investments in roadway, water, and
sewer infrastructure and require services such as police and fire. These urban land uses are necessary
to sustain community cohesion and business function, but it is vital to identify - through processes
such as this - which areas of a community are best suited for such. Conservation lands may require
little municipal investment and services, but may also require landowner agreement to relinquish
future development rights. Further, agricultural lands produce food, fiber, and fuel, but are the most
susceptible to future urban development because they pose few development constraints. In fact,
from 2010 to 2011, North Carolina lost over 1,000 farms and 100,000 acres of prime farmland to
development. See Table 28 below for more information on differing attributes of the three land use
types used in this analysis.
Table 28. Land Use Analysis Attribute Types
Land Use
Municipal Investment &
Service Obligations Ecological Impact Land Productivity
Agriculture Moderate Moderate High
Conservation Minimal Minimal Moderate
Urban High High Minimal
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Establishing a land suitability analysis for each respective land use classification yields spatial locations
within Windsor's planning jurisdiction best and worst suited for each class. Each respective suitability
analysis should serve as tool for future decision making as it pertains to land use. Once this analysis is
competed, each suitability map is compared to one another to identify areas which may necessitate
compromise on the part of the community and land owners. These compromise areas are locations
that future conflict may arise as they may be highly suitable for all three land use typologies -
agriculture, urban, and conservation. The process for establishing each land suitability map and land
use conflict/preference areas are described in the following sections.
Page 3-50 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
2.Land Suitability Analysis Description
The land suitability analysis (LSA) is a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based tool for evaluating
the relative suitability of land for agriculture, conservation, and urban development. The end product
is a generalized map showing areas of the Windsor planning jurisdiction as having either low,
moderate, or high suitability for each land use typology. The analysis does not provide site-specific
results, nor does it make recommendations about how individual landowners may or may not use
their land.
Suitability, for the purpose of this analysis, can be primarily defined in terms of physical land
characteristics, proximity to supporting services/infrastructure, and environmentally sensitive areas.
Physical land characterizes such as poorly drained soils make land less suitable for urban
development, but may provide an ideal opportunity for conservation lands.
3.Objectives and Limitations
The results of each LSA will be used to support planning efforts throughout the Windsor planning
jurisdiction. Objectives of each LSA and appropriate uses of the final analysis include the following:
!Identify areas that are more or less suitable for each land use type on a coarse scale;
!Identify data gaps that may be filled during later planning stages;
!Develop a tool that will assist the city in the implementation of new policies;
!Provide a base for GIS analysis to be used in other long range planning projects.
Limitations of each LSA include the following:
!The LSA results are not a zoning map, but will be used to support planning processes in
Windsor;
!Results and analyses do not support site-specific planning;
!Each LSA does not make recommendations about how an individual landowner may or may
not use their land;
!Each LSA does not result in recommendations about where particular land uses (i.e.,
commercial vs. residential) should be concentrated;
!Results do not factor in projected population, carrying capacity, or commercial/housing
demand.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-51
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
4.Agriculture Suitability
The agriculture suitability was created to identify areas within Windsor's planning jurisdiction best
suited for agricultural production. To determine which areas of Windsor are most suited to
agriculture, the following spatial data components were combined in an overlay analysis to create
Map 19.
!Prime farmland soils, as defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), are soils that
are best suited to food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops. Such soils have properties that
favor the economic production of sustained high yields of crops.
!Farmland of statewide importance soils, as defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA), is land other than Prime Farmland which has a good combination of physical and
chemical characteristics for the production of crops.
!Undeveloped lands or lands categorized as rural residential/agriculture.
!Well-drained, non-hydric soils.
"Hydric soils, as defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, are soils that are wet
frequently enough to periodically produce anaerobic conditions, thereby influencing
the species composition or growth, or both, of plants on those soils.
Areas of Windsor's planning jurisdiction most suited for agricultural productivity are shown as green
on Map 19. Lands west of the Windsor corporate limits are well suited for agricultural purposes. The
majority of land within the corporate limits are not suitable for agricultural purposes, as many areas
are developed and lack non-hydric prime farmland soils.
Page 3-52 October 12, 2017
£¤17
£¤13
£¤17
£¤13-17
¬«308
COOPER HILL RDUS 17 HWY NS KIN G STG R A B T O W N R D
GOVERNORS RD
G R E E N S C R O S S R DUS 13 HWY NMARDRE RDWAKELON RDUS 13-17 HWY SRE
P
U
BLIC
A
N R
D
PLEASANT OAK RDHOGGARD MILL RDUS 17 BYPASSWO
O
D
A
R
D

R
D
VA UG HN LNUS 13-17 BYPASSN KI
NG
S
T
P O W E L L A N D S T O K E S R D
H A LE STCOUNTY FARM RDBE
L
MONT

S
T
S
QUE
E
N
S
T
JOHNSON MILL RDR
U
PERT EA
RL R
D
COBURN RDW ELM STS GRANVILLE STBROAD STPETERSON LNI
SSAC LNHENRY STBUCKLESBERRY RDWREN LNSPIVEY LNTOBYS LNTAF
T STBAZEMORE STCASHIE STRHODES AVESUN LNN KING STU S 1 7 H W Y N
U S 1 7 H W Y N
M a p 1 9 : A g r i c u l t u r e S u i t a b i l i t y
Town Limits
ETJ
Agriculture SuitabilityHigh SuitabilityModerate SuitabilityLow Suitability
I00.5 10.25
Miles
Page 3-53
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
5.Conservation Suitability
To complete the conservation suitability analysis, it was necessary to identify areas of the Windsor
planning jurisdiction that are considered environmentally sensitive and may provide ecological
benefits in the form of stormwater management and/or natural habitat for wildlife. These lands may
be suitable for permanent conservation through various conservation strategies such as easements.
The following spatial components were combined in an overlay analysis to create the conservation
suitability map.
!Wetlands, as classified by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
!Flood Hazard Areas.
"100 Year Flood Plain: Areas subject to a one percent or greater annual chance of
flooding in any given year. Digital flood data was compiled by the North Carolina
Flood Mapping program.
"Floodway: the channel of a river or other watercourse and the adjacent land areas that
must be reserved in order to discharge the base flood without cumulatively increasing
the water surface elevation more than a designated height.
!Existing parks and recreation land.
Land within Windsor's planning jurisdiction, most suited for conservation purposes (shown as green
on Map 20), are located along the Cashie River and include the wetland/flood hazard areas that run
adjacent to creeks and surface waters.
Page 3-54 October 12, 2017
£¤17
£¤13
£¤17
£¤13-17
¬«308
COOPER HILL RDUS 17 HWY NS KIN G STG R A B T O W N R D
GOVERNORS RD
G R E E N S C R O S S R DUS 13 HWY NMARDRE RDWAKELON RDUS 13-17 HWY SRE
P
U
BLIC
A
N R
D
PLEASANT OAK RDHOGGARD MILL RDUS 17 BYPASSWO
O
D
A
R
D

R
D
VA UG HN LNUS 13-17 BYPASSN KI
NG
S
T
P O W E L L A N D S T O K E S R D
H A LE STCOUNTY FARM RDBE
L
MONT

S
T
S
QUE
E
N
S
T
JOHNSON MILL RDR
U
PERT EA
RL R
D
COBURN RDW ELM STS GRANVILLE STBROAD STPETERSON LNI
SSAC LNHENRY STBUCKLESBERRY RDWREN LNSPIVEY LNTOBYS LNTAF
T STBAZEMORE STCASHIE STRHODES AVESUN LNN KING STU S 1 7 H W Y N
U S 1 7 H W Y N
M a p 2 0 : C o n s e r v a t i o n S u i t a b i l i t y
Town Limits
ETJ
Conservation SuitabilityHigh SuitabilityModerate SuitabilityLow Suitability
I00.5 10.25
Miles
Page 3-55
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
6.Urban Development Suitability
In order to identify lands most suitable for urban development, factors such as proximity to roadways
and water/sewer infrastructure were included. The following spatial components were combined in
an overlay analysis to create the urban development suitability (see Map 21).
!Proximity to schools.
!Proximity to parks/recreation facilities.
!Proximity to water/sewer infrastructure.
!Proximity to roadways.
!Lands outside of Flood Hazard Areas (100 year flood plain and floodway).
The majority of land classified as highly suitable for development is within the Windsor corporate
limits. The suitability analysis suggests that infill development will be necessary to accommodate
urban uses where they are most suited. Areas with particularly high suitability for urban
development, include land along Grabtown Road and in the town center.
Page 3-56 October 12, 2017
£¤17
£¤13
£¤17
£¤13-17
¬«308 US 17 HWY NCOOPER HILL RD
S KING ST
G R E E N S C R O S S R D
G R A B T O W N R D
GOVERNORS RD
US 13 HWY NMARDRE RDUS 13-17 HWY SWAKELON RDREPUBLICAN RD
PLEASANT OAK RDHOGGARD MILL RDUS 17 BYPASSVA UG HN LNUS 13-17 BYPASSN KI
NG
S
T
P O W E L L A N D S T O K E S R D
H A LE STWOO
D
A
R
D
R
D
COUNTY FARM RDBE
L
MONT

S
TRASCOE STS
QUE
E
N
S
T
JOHNSON MILL RDR
U
PERT EA
RL R
D
G H E N T S T
SUTTON DRW ELM STS GRANVILLE STBROAD STHENRY STBUCKLESBERRY RDH
O
G
G
A
R
D S
T WREN LNSPIVEY LNTOBYS LNBAZEMORE STCASHIE STRHODES AVESUN LNCLARK AVEU S 1 7 H W Y N
U S 1 7 H W Y N
M a p 2 1 : U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t S u i t a b i l i t y
Town Limits
ETJ
Urban Development SuitabilityHigh SuitabilityModerate SuitabilityLow Suitability
I00.5 10.25
Miles
Page 3-57
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
7.Land Use Conflict Areas
To identify land use conflict areas, all three suitability analyses were combined to create a composite
surface (see Map 22). The Land Use Preference and Conflict map depicts locations in Windsor's
planning jurisdiction that may necessitate compromise to accommodate one of the three land use
typologies - agriculture, conservation, or urban. These compromise or conflict areas should stem
discussion about Windsor's goals for future growth and development within its planning jurisdiction.
A description of each land use preference and conflict area is provided below.
!Agriculture Preference: Land most suitable for agriculture, less suitable for conservation and
urban development.
!Conservation Preference: Land most suitable for conservation, less suitable for agriculture and
urban development.
!Urban Preference: Land most suitable for urban development, less suitable for conservation
and agriculture.
!Agriculture - Conservation Conflict: Land most suitable for agriculture and conservation, less
suitable for urban development.
!Agriculture - Urban Conflict: Land most suitable for agriculture and urban development, less
suitable for conservation.
!Conservation - Urban Conflict: Land most suitable for conservation and urban development,
less suitable for agriculture.
!Maximum Conflict: Lands suitable for all classifications - agriculture, conservation, and urban
development.
!No Preference: Lands least suitable for all classifications - agriculture, conservation, and urban
development.
See Map 22 for more information.
The Conservation Preference category is the most significant land use preference/conflict area in
Windsor's planning jurisdiction, followed by the Urban Preference category. The Urban Preference
category spans much of Windsor's corporate limits. Areas of Agriculture Preference (shown as orange
on Map 22) are located directly east and west of the corporate limits, consistent with the Agriculture
Suitability map. Conservation Preference lands run adjacent to the Cashie River, bisecting the town
east and west. These areas consist primarily of wetlands and floodplain.
In terms of conflicting land uses, the Conservation-Urban Conflict category accounts for the largest of
these areas. Conservation-Urban Conflict lands run along US 17 and adjacent to the Cashie River.
Areas of Agriculture-Urban Conflict are shown as yellow on Map 22, and account for just over 1,100
acres (14.27%) of Windsor's planning jurisdiction. This category, suitable for both urban development
and agriculture, is concentrated west of the corporate limits. Agriculture-Conservation Conflict areas
span the periphery of the northeastern boundary of the ETJ.
Page 3-58 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Lands considered in Maximum Conflict, or highly suitable for all three categories, are scattered
throughout Windsor's planning jurisdiction. Concentrated areas of Maximum Conflict lands are
located just outside the corporate limits along roadways. Additionally, the majority of the Maximum
Conflict lands are undeveloped or underutilized (see Map 14, Existing Land Use). Lands considered as
No Preference account for a very small percentage of Windsor's planning jurisdiction.
Table 29. Land Use Preference and Conflict Areas
Land Use Preference & Conflict
Areas
Acres % of Total
Agriculture Preference 881.40 11.04%
Conservation Preference 2,161.64 27.08%
Urban Preference 1,210.54 15.17%
Agriculture-Conservation Conflict 578.74 7.25%
Agriculture-Urban Conflict 1,139.01 14.27%
Conservation-Urban Conflict 1,173.94 14.71%
Maximum Conflict 821.45 10.29%
No Preference 15.48 0.19%
Total 7,982.20 100.00%
*Acreage includes right-of-way.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-59
£¤17
£¤13
£¤17
£¤13-17
¬«308
COOPER HILL RDUS 17 HWY NS KIN G STG R A B T O W N R D
GOVERNORS RD
G R E E N S C R O S S R DUS 13 HWY NMARDRE RDWAKELON RDUS 13-17 HWY SRE
P
U
BLIC
A
N R
D
PLEASANT OAK RDHOGGARD MILL RDUS 17 BYPASSWO
O
D
A
R
D

R
D
VA UG HN LNUS 13-17 BYPASSN KI
NG
S
T
P O W E L L A N D S T O K E S R D
H A LE STCOUNTY FARM RDBE
L
MONT

S
T
S
QUE
E
N
S
T
JOHNSON MILL RDR
U
PERT EA
RL R
D
COBURN RDW ELM STS GRANVILLE STBROAD STPETERSON LNI
SSAC LNHENRY STBUCKLESBERRY RDWREN LNSPIVEY LNTOBYS LNTAF
T STBAZEMORE STCASHIE STRHODES AVESUN LNN KING STU S 1 7 H W Y N
U S 1 7 H W Y N
M a p 2 2 : L a n d U s e P r e f e r e n c e & C o n f l i c t
Town LimitsETJ
Land Use Conflict Areas
Agriculture PreferenceConservation Preference
Urban PreferenceAgriculture - Conservation Conflict
Agriculture - Urban ConflictConservation - Urban Conflict
Maximum ConflictNo Preference I00.5 10.25
Miles
Page 3-60
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
G.Current Plans, Policies, and Regulations
The Town of Windsor operates under the authority of a Mayor-Commissioner-Administrator form of
government. There are five Commissioners in addition to the Mayor. The Town Administrator is
responsible for town management, planning, and building inspection responsibilities. The Town has
an active seven-member Planning Board which reviews and comments on proposed developments.
There is also a nine-member Board of Adjustment. The Town Clerk serves as secretary to the Planning
Board and clerk to the Board of Adjustment.
The following provides a summary of the Town’s land use-related codes and regulations:
1.Unified Development Ordinance
The Town of Windsor Unified Development (UDO) Ordinance was adopted in 2011, and includes
amendments through 2016. The UDO is intended to coordinate with a comprehensive plan and is
designed to lessen congestion in the streets; to secure safety from fire, panic, and other dangers; to
promote health and the general welfare; to provide adequate light and air; to prevent the
overcrowding of land; to avoid undue concentration of population; to facilitate the adequate
provision of transportation, water, sewerage, schools, parks, and other public requirements; to control
development of floodprone areas and regulate stormwater runoff/discharge; to regulate signs; and to
establish proceedings for the subdivision of land. The UDO combines the town’s Zoning Ordinance,
Subdivision Ordinance, Mobile Home and Trailer Park Ordinance, and other development regulations
into one document. A total of twelve zoning districts are provided. They include the following:
RA-20 Single-Family Residential District
R-10 Single- and Two-Family Residential District
R-7 Single- and Two-Family Residential District
R-5 Single- and Two-Family Residential District
R-75 Residential District
R-15 Single-Family Residential District
R-5MH Single-Family Residential District
R-10MH Single-Family and Two-Family Residential District
O-I Office and Institutional District
C-1 Central Commercial District
C-2 Highway Commercial District
M-I Industrial District
The UDO, which is available at the Town of Windsor municipal building, should be referred to for lot
sizes/dimensional requirements and the definitions of allowable uses. In addition, the future land use
categories identified in this plan are coordinated with the UDO categories. The UDO is enforced by
the Town Administrator who also serves as the building inspector.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-61
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
2.Utilities Extension Policies
The Town maintains a mandatory water and sewer hook-up policy. The sewer policy applies to all
customers who generate sewage at an amount equal to an average domestic user. Hook-up is
mandatory for all customers located within 200 feet of sewer and water lines. Requests for the
extension of water and sewer lines are analyzed on a case-by-case basis. Fees are set at a higher rate
for customers located outside the corporate limits.
3.Minimum Housing Code
The Town of Windsor has a minimum housing code which was adopted in 1979. The code is enforced
by the Town Administrator who serves as the building inspector. The code has been an important
element in Windsor’s community development housing improvements programs.
4.Federal Flood Insurance Program
The Town of Windsor participates in the Federal Emergency Management Flood Program. The
building inspector (Town Administrator) coordinates the program and aids in ensuring compliance.
The current National Flood Insurance Program Flood Insurance Rate Maps were revised on February 4,
2009.
5.North Carolina State Building Code
The Town of Windsor enforces the North Carolina State Building Code for all new construction and
rehabilitation. As evidenced by the small number of building permits currently being issued, a full-
time building inspector is not required. Therefore, the Town Administrator serves as building
inspector.
6.Historic District Ordinance
The Windsor Historic District Ordinance was established in 1981. The ordinance requires that land
uses in the defined district remain consistent with the district’s historic theme. In 1991, the Town
succeeded in having the Windsor Historic District entered in the National Register of Historic Places.
Within the district, no major alteration, moving, destruction, remodeling, or restoration should occur
without notifying the Town of Windsor.
Page 3-62 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
7.Town of Windsor CAMA Land Use Plan Update, 2009
The Town of Windsor prepared CAMA-funded land use plan in 2009. This document responded to
the state’s 15A NCAC 7B planning guidelines and provided policy statements for areas of
environmental concern.
The 2009 Windsor CAMA Land Use Plan Update was prepared as a continuation of the CAMA land use
plan requirements as specified in 15A NCAC 7B. The 2009 plan supported the 15A NCAC 7H
requirements for areas of environmental concern and does not include any policies or implementing
actions which exceed the 15A NCAC 7H minimum use standards.
The following significant implementing actions were accomplished based on recommendations of
the 2009 CAMA Land Use Plan:
!Improved shoreline access along the Cashie River.
!Preserved the Cashie River Swamp forest area.
!Reduced substandard housing.
!Supported applicable 15A NCAC 7H minimum use standards for application in public
trust waters.
!Preserved the Windsor Historic District.
!Preserved the Central Business District.
!Regulated land use through enforcement of its zoning and subdivision ordinances.
The Town of Windsor Board of Commissioners and Planning Board have supported the 2009 Land Use
Plan and believe that the plan has been an effective planning tool. Current local ordinances were
amended, including an update to the Town’s Unified Development Ordinance, to ensure consistency
with the Land Use Plan. The Land Use Plan has been utilized as a guide for planning administration
and decision making.
8.Town of Windsor Water Supply Plan
A Local Water Supply Plan is an assessment of a water system’s current and future water needs and its
ability to meet those needs. North Carolina General Statutes 143-355(I) requires all units of local
government that provide or plan to provide public water service to prepare a Local Water Supply
Plan. Local governments are required to electronically submit an annual water use update based on
their water use and system conditions each year. The Town’s 2015 water supply plan is still under
review by the NC Division of Water Resources.
October 12, 2017 Page 3-63
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
9.Hazard Mitigation Plan
The Town of Windsor participates in the Northeastern NC Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan which was
adopted by the Town on June 8, 2017, and approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) on July 7, 2017, in response to Federal and State legislation. The Disaster Mitigation Act of
2000 (DMA2K), the Federal legislation, and Senate Bill 300, the State legislation, require that all local
governments have a FEMA approved Hazard Mitigation Plan in place in order to receive Hazard
Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) funding or Public Assistance (PA) funding following a natural
disaster. The plan identifies those hazards to which the participating jurisdictions are most
susceptible, analyzes the vulnerability of Windsor to those hazards (i.e., building development and
value, and number of people at risk), and analyzes the Town’s ability to respond to those hazards. The
primary output of the plan is the Mitigation Strategies that assist with the prevention of loss due to
hazards (see Appendix C).
Page 3-64 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
H.Environment/Existing Conditions Summary
HEALTH SERVICES
!All but two of the 15 counties in the Northeast Economic Region fall behind the state
average for health professionals (see Table 14, page 3-5).
!Bertie County lags well behind the state in all health professionals categories.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
!All surface waters within Windsor’s planning jurisdiction are classified as C (see page 3-7).
!21.7% of Windsor’s planning jurisdiction lies in the Cashie River 100-year flood hazard area
(see page 3-9).
!Approximately 11.6% of Windsor’s planning jurisdiction will be inundated by a Category 1
or 2 slow moving storm (see page 3-12).
!There are no hazardous waste sites within the town’s corporate limits and only one
identified site in the ETJ (see page 3-15).
!Approximately 70.4% of Windsor’s planning jurisdiction is considered prime farmland (see
page 3-17).
!Approximately 31.3% of Windsor’s planning jurisdiction contains hydric soils (see page
3-18).
!Approximately 19.3% of Windsor’s planning jurisdiction includes wetland soils (see page
3-21).
!There is only one significant natural heritage area, Cashie River Swamp, located within
Windsor’s planning jurisdiction (see page 3-23).
October 12, 2017 Page 3-65
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
COMMUNITY FACILITIES
!From 2007 to 2014, the annual total of criminal offenses declined by 8.2%.
!In spite of serving one fire district with a 6-mile response distance, the Town of Windsor Fire
Department maintains a DOI rating of Class 5.
!There are multiple opportunities for higher education within 45 minutes drive time from
Windsor.
!Martin County Community College is ranked among the Top 30 community colleges in the
nation.
!There are multiple local and regionally significant opportunities for active outdoor
recreation within the Town of Windsor.
!The Town has extensive historic resources.
!The Town of Windsor water system operates at 38.7% of the system’s capacity.
!The Town’s sewer system operates at 52% of capacity.
!Windsor experiences both localized and major storm event flooding.
TRANSPORTATION
!The Town of Windsor has excellent regional accessibility.
!The most significant traffic counts are located along US 13/17 Bypass.
LAND SUITABILITY
!Most of Windsor’s corporate limit area has an urban land preference classification.
!Most of Windsor’s extraterritorial jurisdiction has an agricultural preference classification.
Page 3-66 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
A.Introduction
This section addresses the Town of Windsor’s future demand, services, and facilities. Because of low
historical and projected population growth, the demand for new and/or expanded facilities and
services is minimal. Windsor’s population base will have to increase to generate and fiscally support
additional needs.
B.Population
The Town of Windsor’s location in northeastern North Carolina presents many growth challenges.
The northeast region is one of North Carolina’s most economically depressed regions and an area of
expected low population growth. Table 30 provides population forecasts through 2045 for Windsor
and Bertie County, in addition to all adjacent counties in the Northeast Region and North Carolina. Of
the 17 counties included, over half are expected to experience a population decrease. The total
Northeast Region is expected to have an average population rate increase of 3.31%.
In spite of the negative population growth in the area surrounding Windsor, the Town has managed
to sustain and slightly increase its population base (excluding prison population). Windsor’s
population is forecast to continue minimum population growth to 4,845 in 2045, an increase of
approximately 28%. One of the greatest challenges facing Windsor will be expanding its non-prison
population base.
Section 4. Projections/Future Demand
October 12, 2017 Page 4-1
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Table 30. Northeast Region Population Projections, 2015-2045
2015
Estimate
2020
Estimate
2025
Estimate
2030
Estimate
2035
Estimate
2040
Estimate
2045
Estimate
%
Change
‘15-‘20
%
Change
‘20-‘25
%
Change
‘25-‘30
%
Change
‘30-‘35
%
Change
‘35-‘40
%
Change
‘40 -‘45
%
Change
‘15-‘45
Beaufort County 47,712 47,712 47,712 47,712 47,713 47,713 47,713 0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%
Bertie County 20,367 19,077 17,791 16,502 15,216 14,031 12,938 -6.33%-6.74%-7.25%-7.79%-7.79%-7.79%-36.48%
Camden County 10,329 10,597 10,707 10,751 10,770 10,789 10,809 2.59%1.04%0.41%0.18%0.18%0.19%4.65%
Chowan County 14,670 14,670 14,670 14,671 14,670 14,669 14,667 0.00%0.00%0.01%-0.01%-0.01%-0.01%-0.02%
Currituck County 25,386 27,533 29,678 31,822 33,968 36,257 38,701 8.46%7.79%7.22%6.74%6.74%6.74%52.45%
Dare County 35,495 35,975 36,296 36,509 36,651 36,794 36,937 1.35%0.89%0.59%0.39%0.39%0.39%4.06%
Gates County 11,946 11,948 11,949 11,946 11,948 11,950 11,953 0.02%0.01%-0.03%0.02%0.02%0.03%0.06%
Halifax County 52,878 51,332 49,782 48,234 46,683 45,136 43,683 -2.92%-3.02%-3.11%-3.22%-3.31%-3.22%-17.39%
Hertford County 24,524 24,180 23,831 23,486 23,141 22,801 22,466 -1.40%-1.44%-1.45%-1.47%-1.47%-1.47%-8.39%
Hyde County 5,736 5,671 5,611 5,548 5,488 5,429 5,370 -1.13%-1.06%-1.12%-1.08%-1.08%-1.09%-6.38%
Martin County 23,603 23,059 22,514 21,967 21,420 20,711 20,195 -2.30%-2.36%-2.43%-2.49%-3.31%-2.49%-14.44%
Northampton County 21,065 20,311 19,557 18,800 18,046 17,322 16,628 -3.58%-3.71%-3.87%-4.01%-4.01%-4.01%-21.06%
Pasquotank County 39,890 40,240 40,273 40,275 40,276 40,276 40,276 0.88%0.08%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.97%
Perquimans County 13,544 13,645 14,068 14,567 15,082 15,616 16,169 0.75%3.10%3.55%3.54%3.54%3.54%19.38%
Pitt County 175,377 179,731 184,086 188,442 192,795 197,249 201,805 2.48%2.42%2.37%2.31%2.31%2.31%15.07%
Tyrrell County 4,135 4,136 4,137 4,135 4,132 4,129 4,126 0.02%0.02%-0.05%-0.07%-0.07%-0.07%-0.22%
Washington County 12,648 12,312 11,980 11,645 11,309 10,982 10,665 -2.66%-2.70%-2.80%-2.89%-2.89%-2.89%-15.68%
Northeast Region 539,305 542,129 544,642 547,012 549,308 553,894 557,146 0.52%0.46%0.44%0.42%0.83%0.59%3.31%
North Carolina 10,054,498 10,573,611 11,093,530 11,607,489 12,119,680 12,654,158 13,212,206 5.16%4.92%4.63%4.41%4.41%4.41%31.41%
Windsor 3,785 3,944 4,110 4,283 4,463 4,650 4,845 4.20%4.21%4.21%4.20%4.19%4.19%28.01%
NOTE: Seasonal population projections are not included because seasonal population is not a factor in Windsor.
Source: US Census Bureau and NC Office of State Budget and Management.
Page 4-2 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
The Town of Windsor currently has 342 acres of vacant land zoned for residential development (see
Table 31). Map 23 delineates the vacant land by zoning district. The R-10 MH and R-7 districts can
accommodate either single or multi-family development. The vacant residential property could
accommodate 1,546 to 1,932 single-family dwelling units which, at an average family size of 2.29
(2010 Census average family size), would accommodate a population of 3,540 to 4,424. (NOTE: The
range in single-family dwelling units allows for some consumption of land for streets and other
infrastructure which cannot be determined until final site design is approved). The R-10 MH and R-7
vacant land could accommodate approximately 1,265 multi-family dwelling units with a population
of 2,897. (NOTE: The single-family and multi-family populations are not additive. For example, some
multi-family construction would exclude single-family construction). The vacant land inventory will
accommodate any conceivable population growth through 2030.
Table 31. Windsor Vacant Zoning Acreages
Zoning Classification # Parcels Acreage
C-1 1 0.0285
C-2 14 8.1556
O-1 2 0.5432
R-10 140 70.9364
R-10MH 31 30.1373
R-5 17 4.1110
R-5MH 51 18.1369
R-7 84 85.2640
R-75 1 0.1747
RA-20 18 356.3985
Totals 342 573.8861
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
C.Housing Trends
Residential development will be minimal within the Town of Windsor throughout the planning
period. As of 2010, there were 156 (see Table 4, page 2-7) vacant year-round dwellings within the
town, and residential development has slowed over the last ten years. The table below provides a
summary of increased residential demand based on the population projections outlined within Table
25 (page 5-1) of the land use plan. The 2010 average household size for all units was 2.29 persons per
household. For forecast purposes, through 2045 this trend has been continued. The forecast growth
of households is provided in Table 32.
Table 32. Town of Windsor – Estimated Population Growth and Household Characteristics, 2010-2045
2010-
2015
2015-
2020
2020-
2025
2025-
2030
2030-
2035
2035-
2040
2040-
2045
Net Total
Change
Total Population Increase +155 +159 +166 +173 +180 +187 +195 +1,215
Persons per Households 2.29 2.29 2.29 2.29 2.29 2.29 2.29 N/A
# of Households 67 69 72 75 78 81 85 527
Source: Population forecast and persons per household – Office of State Planning, and Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
October 12, 2017 Page 4-3
£¤17
£¤17
£¤13
£¤13
£¤17
KIN
G
COOPER HILLMARDREGRABTOWN
GOVERNORS
GRANVILLEELMQ
U
E
E
N
B U D S HALEPOWELL AND STOKESB
E
L
M
O
N
T
COUNTY FARMGR AYY
OR
KRA
S
C
OE
G H E N T
B L O U N T
B
R
OA
DCHERRYHENRYPETERSONLAM PLANT
PINTAIL
CALEWR
E
N
T
A
Y
L
O
R
HOGGARD
GATLIN
G
TE R R Y
GRANVILLE STBARRINGERSPIVEYHOGGARD MILLDUNDEERHODESCASHIECLARKBAZEMORELEGHORNVILLAGECONNER
HILLCREST
N E W H O P E
COLONIAL KI
NGY
O
R
K
M a p 2 3 : V a c a n t R e s i d e n t i a l P a r c e l s
Legend
Windsor Town Limits
Windsor ETJ Vacant: Zoned Residential
R-10
R-10MH
R-5
R-5MH
R-7
R-75
RA-20
I
0 0.50.25 Miles
£¤BYP
17
£¤BYP
17
£¤13
Page 4-4
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
D.Economy
One of the greatest challenges facing Windsor will be the development of a vibrant and integrated
economy. There are many economic challenges which must be addressed including:
!The identify/recognition of Windsor
!Protection of natural resources as a basis for eco-tourism
!Provision of job training to develop a skilled labor force
!Protection of prime agricultural lands
!Support of entrepreneurialship in Windsor
Windsor is located directly off US 17. Its proximity to this key transportation route makes Windsor a
potentially key location for business. Eco-tourism may be the strongest and most valuable return on
investment available to Windsor. The Cashie River is being met with nearby development to allow
the town to further utilize the natural resource that it provides.
E.Commercial Land Use
Commercial development within Windsor primarily serves town residents; however, Windsor does
serve as a regional center for goods and services. Commercial development within Windsor is
expected to be minimal throughout the planning period, and will involve both infill and
redevelopment. Additionally, it is anticipated that the new NC Highway 13 will result in some new
retail commercial growth. A major focus will be attracting business/development to the Town’s
central commercial core.
F.Industrial Land Use
The Town of Windsor currently does not have any significant industrial operations. The Town will
continue to seek opportunities related to the development of light industrial operations; however,
industry within Bertie County is centered around agriculture, and this trend is expected to continue.
It should be noted that there are several large farming operations located within the town’s
extraterritorial jurisdiction. For the following reasons, Windsor desires to reduce the area of its
extraterritorial jurisdiction. Because of the revision of the North Carolina annexation statutes in 2012,
Windsor and other municipalities have effectively lost the ability to undertake forced annexation.
Dwindling fiscal resources make it increasingly difficult for Windsor to provide services. Windsor is
expecting minimal population growth within its planning jurisdiction.
October 12, 2017 Page 4-5
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
G.Transportation
During the planning period, the primary road improvement, as reported in the North Carolina
Department of Transportation’s (NCDOT) Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) 2012-2018
report (as updated May 2015), is the following:
ID No.Description Length (Miles)Total Project Cost Prior Years Cost
R-2506 US 13, from US 13 Business north of
Windsor to NC 42. Widen to multi-lanes
and replace bridge along bypass.
17.2 $99,465,000 $65,000
Map 24 delineates the existing sidewalk system in Windsor. Pedestrian facilities are seriously
deficient. Residential areas and recreational facilities are under-served. At the time of this plan
update, the Town was in the process of preparing a Comprehensive Bicycle & Pedestrian Plan.
Page 4-6 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
The existing transportation system has, and will continue to have, a significant impact on Windsor’s
commercial land use. Outside of the Town’s Central Business District, the primary commercial area is
scattered along the US 17 Bypass on the west side of Windsor. The majority of the Town’s
commercially zoned vacant land is located in this corridor. Most future commercial development is
expected to occur in this area. Caution must be taken to carefully control ingress and egress along
the corridor. The land use within the Town’s ETJ remains primarily rural agricultural with some
scattered residential usage. North Carolina secondary roads, US 13, and US 17 provide access to the
ETJ. There are no current land use/transportation issues within the ETJ. The existing road system is
expected to adequately serve the forecast future land use.
H.Recreation
The Town of Windsor completed a Parks and Recreation Master Plan in December 2013. The plan
includes an inventory of existing facilities, the results of a recreational needs survey, a level of service
analysis, and proposed future amenities. Findings in the plan included the need to expand
water-based recreation opportunities and park/recreation facilities that will serve children and teens.
It should be noted that the town's recreational facilities are a draw to not only residents, but also to
educational and tourists groups located across eastern North Carolina.
Information regarding the recently adopted Parks and Recreation Master Plan includes the level of
service analysis and proposed facilities. More detailed analysis and a comprehensive inventory and
suggested improvements can be found in the 2013 Parks and Recreation Master Plan, which is
incorporated herein by reference.
1.Windsor Parks/Recreation Facilities Level of Service
The figure below depicts the Parks/Recreation Facilities Level of Service for Windsor residents. Areas
not currently being served by a recreational facility include the northwest portion of town.
October 12, 2017 Page 4-7
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
2.Elm Street Campground
The Elm Street Campground is
located just east of the Cashie River
and south of US 17. The campground
is owned and operated by the town.
There are 11 spots available for
camping with electricity hookups.
The campground caters mostly to
recreational vehicle campers, but
offers spots for tent campers as well.
There is a small restroom and shower
facility available to campground
users.
Page 4-8 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
The town applied for a Division of Coastal Management grant to enhance water access along the
Cashie River adjacent to the Elm Street Campground. Specific improvements to the campground are
expected to be constructed in phases. Proposed improvements include, but are not limited to, a new
parking area, small boat launch, "tree house" viewing platform, walking/nature trail, new restroom
facilities, primitive campground sites, and a shaded playground area. See the rendering below for
more information. The Town recently added the following improvements: two (2) tree houses, a
comfort station, and handicap accessible facilities.
3.Windsor Greenway
Providing more options for alternative travel choices is a goal the town wishes to pursue. Currently,
the Elm Street Campground is only accessible by vehicle. The campground's location on the east side
of town limits its accessibility to downtown and other retail options. Providing an off-street multi-use
path that would connect the campground and wildlife ramp to Windsor's downtown would provide
both an amenity and an active transportation option for residents.
The proposed greenway is approximately 2,680 feet in length (see the figure on the next page). The
greenway would be constructed as a ten-foot (10') asphalt multi-use path and would take advantage
of several of the parcels purchased as part of the Hurricane Floyd buyout program. The proposed
facility would connect to the sidewalk running parallel to King Street, just east of the bridge.
October 12, 2017 Page 4-9
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
As noted above, the town owns several parcels along Elm Street and Maple Avenue. The proposed
greenway would utilize several of these vacant parcels such as the one shown below (left) to
construct the facility. The rendering below (right) depicts the proposed ten-foot multi-use path. See
figure below for the proposed greenway location.
Page 4-10 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
I.Education
The Town of Windsor is currently served by five (5) schools as noted on page 4-26 of the plan. These
facilities include: Windsor Elementary, Bertie Middle, Bertie High, Bertie Academy, and the Heritage
Collegiate Leadership Academy. Bertie County and the Town of Windsor are prepared to address any
future population growth. There continues to be a need for a new bus garage and transportation
maintenance building. The current facility is insufficient to support current needs.
J.Water System
There are no improvements to the Town’s water system currently planned. The focus will be on
maintaining the existing system. The town will continue to rely on its current groundwater services
with emergency/back-up supply provided by the Bertie County Water System. The population
projections in this plan have been considered.
K.Sewer System
The Town of Windsor will continue to rely on its current sewer treatment system. Currently, the
system is at 52.0% of its capacity. There are no problems with the existing sewer system, including
quality, infrastructure, and capacity; therefore, the Town has no plans to expand the system during
the planning period. The population projections in this plan have been considered.
L.Solid Waste
The Town of Windsor will continue curbside garbage service which will be delivered to the East
Carolina Landfill. The County Landfill still has over 15 years of life based on current capacity. The
landfill has a standing contract with the county for approximately 10 more years. The county will
address this contract at some point during the planning period to ensure that trash removal services
within the County are not compromised. The landfill also has land area available to extend well
beyond the current 15-year life span.
M.Police, Fire, and Rescue Services
The police, fire, and emergency medical services within the Town of Windsor are currently adequate
to support current demands. Based on the population growth rates provided in Table 30 (page 4-2), it
is not anticipated that these services will need to be expanded throughout the planning period. The
town will continue to monitor needs and will respond as deemed necessary.
The police department has several equipment and facility needs that need to be addressed during the
planning period. The police department continues to need a new facility. The town will review grant
opportunities relating to the potential development of this facility on an annual basis.
October 12, 2017 Page 4-11
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
N.Stormwater Management
As discussed in the existing conditions portion of the plan (pages 3-45 to 3-46), the Town of Windsor
enforces the NC Coastal Stormwater regulations in partnership with the NC Division of Water
Resources. The Town will continue these efforts and will consider establishing local non-point source
runoff regulations, if deemed necessary.
O.Health and Wellness Assessment/Future Land Use Impact
1.Chronic Disease Factors
Chronic disease differs from infectious disease (or communicable disease) in the way it occurs in
individuals. Infectious diseases usually occur because of contact with an affected host, while chronic
diseases may occur solely as a result of a sedentary lifestyle. Common infectious diseases of current
and past years include tuberculosis, Ebola, malaria, measles, and HIV/AIDs.
Infectious diseases were once the primary cause of death in the United States a century ago, but
proper hygiene, environmental design, and immunization has led to the downfall of such disease in
the United States (see Figure 1).
Whereas infectious diseases were the gravest health threats of an earlier era, the largest killers of our
time are chronic diseases such as heart disease and strokes, cancers, and diabetes, for which the
leading risk factors are obesity, physical inactivity, poor diets, and smoking. Map 25 delineates
population vulnerable to chronic disease.
Figure 1. Infectious Diseases Versus Chronic Diseases, 1880 - 2005
Page 4-12 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
2.Food and Nutrition
Food is essential for life. Yet unlike other enduring necessities - water, air, and shelter - food has not
been considered a priority for planning by state and local officials and decision makers. Increasing
access to and encouraging consumption of fresh, healthy foods are important ways to address
disease incidence and health care expenditures.
North Carolinians face a number of health challenges related to our food system. Food insecurity is
present across the state, which exists when an individual or family lacks adequate or consistent access
to the foods necessary to lead an active, healthy lifestyle.
Children's health and wellbeing are connected to diet, nutrition, and food security. Access to an
ample quantity and variety of fruits and vegetables at school, at home, and in the community is
critical. Access is especially important for school age children, given that poor dietary habits can
linger or worsen into the high school years and adulthood.
October 12, 2017 Page 4-13
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
In Windsor, there is one establishment that offers full service grocery items. For the purposes of this
assessment, a "full service grocery" is defined as an establishment that is open 7 days a week, offers a
variety of fresh fruits and vegetables at a competitive price, and accepts EBT (Electronic Benefits
Transfer) and WIC (Benefits for Women, Infants, and Children).
Table 33. Full Service Groceries in Windsor
Company Address
Food Lion 117 US Hwy. 13 Bypass
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Page 4-14 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
3.Access to Physical Activity and Recreation Facilities
Research shows that one of the number one ways to offset weight gain is through increased physical
activity. Coincidentally, individuals looking to increase physical activity encounter barriers when
access to recreational facilities is limited.
According to the Centers for Disease Control, the following is a list of items that can be accomplished
through increased or regular physical activity:
!Weight control;
!Reduced risk of cardiovascular disease;
!Reduced risk of Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome;
!Reduced risk of some cancers;
!Stronger bones and muscles;
!Improved mental health and mood;
!Improved ability to do daily activities and prevent fall (older adults);
!Increased chances of living longer.
Map 27 delineates access to active recreational facilities and public open space opportunities.
October 12, 2017 Page 4-15
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
4.Active Transportation Access
Active transportation options include travel modes that require an individual to expend energy to
reach his or her destination. Bicyclist and pedestrian are the two most common modes recognized as
active transport, but public transit riders also fit into this category.
Investments in transportation can either discourage or encourage use by non-motorized travelers.
Research suggests that providing pedestrian and cyclist infrastructure will increase use of
non-motorized facilities while also promoting physical activity and healthy lifestyles 1 . These
investments also make non-motorized travel safer and more viable transportation option. Map 28
shows where sidewalks are available to use to Windsor residents.
1Associations of Perceived Social and Physical Environmental Supports with Physical Activity and Walking
Behavior. Addy, C, Wilson, D and Kirkland, K. 2004, American Journal of Public Health, pp. 440-443.
Page 4-16 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
A.Introduction
The future land use map (Map 29) depicts application of the policies for growth and development and
the desired future patterns of land use and land development through 2030. The future land use map
should include the following:
!Area and locations planned for conservation or open space and a description of compatible
land uses and activities.
!Areas and locations appropriate for future development with descriptions of the following
characteristics:
"Predominant and supporting land uses that are encouraged in each area;
"Overall density and development intensity planned for each area; and
"Infrastructure required to support planned development in each area. (NOTE: The
locations of areas suitable for more intensive development are consistent with the
town’s existing/proposed infrastructure systems).
!The information depicted on the Land Use Preference and Conflict Map (Map 22).
The Town of Windsor Future Land Use Plan was drafted with consideration given to the following:
!The policies and implementing actions included in this plan.
!Land Suitability, Preference, and Conflict Analysis (Map 22).
!Preservation of existing residential neighborhoods.
!Key land use issues and vision statement (see pages 1-3).
!Preservation of the Central Business District.
!Preservation of the Historic District.
The future land use map is intended to depict where the various types of land uses will be acceptable,
not necessarily the demand in terms of acreage.
Section 5. Future Land Use
October 12, 2017 Page 5-1
£¤17
£¤17
£¤13
£¤13
£¤17
KIN
G
COOPER HILLMARDREGRABTOWN
GOVERNORS
GRANVILLEELMQ
U
E
E
N
B U D S HALEPOWELL AND STOKESB
E
L
M
O
N
T
COUNTY FARMGR AYY
OR
KRA
S
C
OE
G H E N T
B L O U N T
B
R
OA
DCHERRYHENRYPETERSONLAM PLANT
PINTAIL
CALEWR
E
N
T
A
Y
L
O
R
HOGGARD
GATLIN
G
TE R R Y
GRANVILLE STBARRINGERSPIVEYHOGGARD MILLDUNDEERHODESCASHIECLARKBAZEMORELEGHORNVILLAGECONNER
HILLCREST
N E W H O P E
COLONIAL KI
NGY
O
R
K
M a p 2 9 : F u t u r e L a n d U s e
Future Land Use
Commercial
Conservation
High Density Residential
Industrial
Medium Density Residential
Mixed Use
Office Industrial
Rural Residential/Agriculture
I
0 0.50.25 Miles
£¤BYP
17
£¤BYP
17
£¤13
Legend
Town Limits
Proposed ETJ
Windsor ETJ
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
B.Land Use Acreages
Table 34 summarizes the acreages for the future land uses depicted on Map 29. These acreages
reflect the desirable distribution of land uses as depicted on the map. The build-out of all land
outlined within the Town of Windsor’s corporate limits and ETJ will occur well beyond 2030.
Table 34. Town of Windsor Future Land Use Map Acreages
Corporate Limits ETJ Planning Jurisdiction
Land Use Acres % of Total Acres % of Total Acres % of Total
Commercial 74.95 4.4%116.29 1.9%191.24 2.4%
Mixed Use 61.01 3.6%0.00 0.0%61.01 0.8%
Office & Institutional 350.03 20.5%81.31 1.3%431.34 5.4%
High Density Residential 85.95 5.0%0.00 0.0%85.95 1.1%
Medium Density Residential 576.13 33.7%193.55 3.1%769.68 9.7%
Rural Residential/Agricultural 20.18 1.2%4,386.34 70.1%4,406.52 55.3%
Conservation 202.89 11.9%1,106.55 17.7%1,309.44 16.4%
Industrial 114.36 6.7%99.49 1.6%213.85 2.7%
Right-of-Way 223.30 13.1%277.42 4.4%500.72 6.3%
Total 1,708.80 100.0%6,260.95 100.0%7,969.75 100.0%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
This Land Use Plan includes eight separate future land use categories. Included in these eight future
land use categories are the following: Commercial, Mixed Use, Office/Institutional, High Density
Residential, Medium Density Residential, Rural Residential/Agricultural, Conservation, and Industrial
(see Map 29). These categories are intrinsically tied to the policy section of the plan.
The following sections will categorize/define the allowable uses and net density of land under each
category, as shown on the Future Land Use Map.
1.Commercial
Commercial areas are those intended for the retail sale of goods and services, including professional
services. This is a non-residential multiple use category that will provide a wide range of businesses
to serve the needs of the community and region.
Allowable Density: The objective lot density shall be 50% lot coverage by the principal
structure.
October 12, 2017 Page 5-3
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Impervious Surface:The maximum impervious surface coverage shall be consistent with North
Carolina Stormwater Regulations.
Maximum Building Height: No building in this category is permitted to exceed 50 feet.
Permitted Uses: Desirable land uses in this category include high volume/traffic generating
uses including retail and wholesale goods and services.
Uses Not Permitted: Residential uses and other uses which are not related to retail and
wholesale goods and services.
Applicable Zoning District: C-2.
2.Mixed Use
The Mixed Use land use category provides an environment where convenient shopping and service
facilities exist by promoting compact development of commercial, office, and service uses while
preserving Windsor’s historic character. This category is intended to correspond with the Central
Business/Historic District and surrounding residential and commercial areas. This area allows for a
rich mixture of diverse land uses while requiring review and approval of development proposals by
the Town.
Allowable Density: There is no minimum lot size. The residential density should not exceed
twelve (12) dwelling units per acre.
Impervious Surface:The maximum impervious surface coverage shall be consistent with North
Carolina Stormwater Regulations.
Maximum Building Height: The maximum building height is 50 feet.
Permitted Uses: Mixtures of commercial office, institutional, single-family, and multi-family
uses will be allowed. This will be an area of high density development.
Uses Not Permitted: Industrial uses will be prohibited.
Applicable Zoning Districts: C-1, C-2, O-I (NOTE: It is recommended that the UDO be revised to
incorporate specific flexible mixed-use provision).
Page 5-4 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
3.Office/Institutional
The Office/Institutional future land use category has two primary purposes:
!To provide a buffer between residential areas and commercial/industrial areas; and
!To provide office, institutional and multi-family land uses needing access to transportation
corridors.
The O&I category is primarily designed to accommodate a compatible mix of business, professional,
institutional, and multi-family uses, in addition to providing a desirable buffer between commercial
and low-density residential uses.
Allowable Density: Minimum lot size shall be 15,000 square feet with a residential density of
twelve (12) dwelling units per acre. Commercial use shall not exceed 50% lot coverage.
Impervious Surface: The maximum impervious surface coverage shall be consistent with North
Carolina Stormwater Regulations.
Maximum Building Height: No building in this category is permitted to exceed 35 feet.
Permitted Uses: This district is intended to provide a buffer between established residential
districts and commercial and industrial centers. Desirable land uses in this district include low
impact/traffic generating uses as follows: office space, medical/veterinary offices, home
occupations, churches, civic buildings, parks, municipal structures, and multi-family homes.
Uses Not Permitted: Primarily commercial and industrial development will be prohibited within
this district. As stated, the primary intent of this district is to minimize traffic generation and
noise associated with land uses generating either large volumes of consumer traffic and/or
industrial traffic related to the shipping or delivery of goods and materials, and to be utilized
as a buffer between incompatible uses.
Applicable Zoning Districts: O-I, Mixed Use/CBD District to be added to UDO.
4.High Density Residential
The High Density Residential future land use category is intended to encourage dense residential
development of mobile homes on individual lots, multi-family properties, mobile home park
developments, and single-family developments on small lots of at least 5,000 square feet in size.
Allowable Density: Densities will be eight (8) dwelling units per acre or fewer for single-family
and eleven (11) units per acre for multi-family units.
October 12, 2017 Page 5-5
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Impervious Surface: The maximum impervious surface coverage shall be consistent with North
Carolina Stormwater Regulations.
Maximum Building Height: No building in this category is permitted to exceed 35 feet.
Permitted Uses: Single-family, multi-family, recreational, and open space land uses.
Uses Not Permitted: All non-residential land uses will be prohibited.
Allowable Zoning Districts: R-5, R-7, R-75, R-5MH.
5.Medium Density Residential
The Medium Density Residential future land use category is primarily intended for residential
development of single-family homes on 10,000 square-foot lots.
Allowable Density: Densities will be six (6) dwelling units per acre, depending on lot size.
Impervious Surface: The maximum impervious surface coverage shall be consistent with North
Carolina Stormwater Regulations.
Maximum Building Height: The maximum building height shall be 35 feet.
Permitted Uses: Single-family residential (including duplexes), open space, recreation, and
conservation.
Uses Not Permitted: All non-residential land uses will be prohibited.
Allowable Zoning Districts: RA-10, R-10MH, R-15.
6.Rural Residential/Agricultural
The Rural Residential/Agricultural future land use category is intended to accommodate a compatible
mixture of single-family dwellings and agricultural uses at lower densities of approximately two (2)
units or fewer per acre.
Allowable Density: Minimum lot size of 20,000 square feet, or two (2) dwelling units per acre.
Impervious Surface: The maximum impervious surface coferage shall be consistent with North
Carolina Stormwater Regulations.
Maximum Building Height: The maximum building height is 35 feet.
Page 5-6 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Permitted Uses: Single-family residential, agricultural, open space, recreation, and
conservation.
Uses Not Permitted: All non-residential land uses will be prohibited.
Allowable Zoning District: R-20A.
7.Conservation
The Conservation category includes park lands and lands identified as least suitable and of low
suitability for development. The Conservation category is intended to provide for effective long-term
management of significant limited or irreplaceable areas. The Town’s policy statements and
implementing actions support the 15A NCAC 7H CAMA regulations for protection of AECs.
Allowable Density: The minimum lot size for development within the Conservation category is
20,000 square feet.
Impervious Surface: The maximum impervious surface coverage shall be consistent with North
Carolina Stormwater Regulations.
Maximum Building Height: The maximum building height for this category is 35 feet.
Permitted Uses: This category was established in response to environmentally sensitive and
natural hazard areas identified through the land suitability analysis and environmental
composite discussion earlier in this plan. Due to these factors, land use within this category
should consist of low density residential housing and recreational/open space with accessory
support uses. All development should be contingent on whether all environmental impacts
have been assessed, and potential effects of natural hazards taken into account.
Development within this category will primarily rely on on-site wastewater treatment
facilities.
Uses Not Permitted: Non-residential uses are not routinely permitted in this district. However,
proposals for non-residential development will be assessed on a case-by-case basis by making
a determination regarding a given adverse development impact on environmental
conditions.
Allowable Zoning Districts: RA-20 preferred. All uses in flood hazard areas must comply with
the Town of Windsor Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance, Article 15 of the Town of Windsor
UDO.
October 12, 2017 Page 5-7
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
8.Industrial
This land use category is intended to accommodate those industrial, wholesale, warehouse, and other
uses which by their nature do not create an excessive amount of noise, odor, smoke, dust, airborne
debris, or other objectionable impacts which might be detrimental to the health, safety, or welfare of
surrounding areas. Industrial areas indicated on the Land Use Plan should be buffered with either
Office/Institutional/Multi-Family or Conservation/Open Space land uses.
Allowable Density: There is no minimum allowable lot size.
Impervious Surface: The maximum impervious surface coverage shall be consistent with North
Carolina Stormwater Regulations.
Maximum Building Height: The maximum building height is 50 feet.
Permitted Uses: Industrial uses which are not detrimental to Windsor’s health, safety or welfare.
Uses Not Permitted: Heavy industrial uses, residential uses, and all other uses not related to
industry/manufacturing services.
Allowable Zoning District: M-1.
The Future Land Use Map indicates areas which are least suitable for development (refer to the Land
Suitability, Preference, and Conflict Analysis, page 3-50). This is an overlay, and the underlying land
use categories apply. However, the least suitable areas are those to which particular attention should
be paid by the Town during its review and approval of specific development proposals. Mitigative
action may be required to minimize adverse environmental impacts.
Page 5-8 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
A.Introduction
This section of the plan is intended to guide the development and use of land in Windsor’s planning
jurisdiction. The future land use map (see Section 5) and policies are intended to support the Town’s
and CAMA’s goals. Specifically, this section includes the Town of Windsor’s goals and land use
development policies. The future land use map and the specified development goals are based on
the Town of Windsor community concerns (identified on page 1-3 of this plan).
In addition, this document is intended to serve as Windsor‘s Comprehensive Plan and Future Land
Use Plan, replacing the August 27, 2009,Town of Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan . The future land
use plan or “map” is an essential tool for implementing land use planning. The map is intended to
serve as a guide for the Planning Board and Board of Commissioners when they review private
development proposals and make decisions on the location of public facilities.
The land use plan also provides a framework upon which zoning and subdivision regulations and the
capital improvements program should be based. In fact, the preparation of a land use plan and map
is mandated by legislation as a prerequisite for zoning. North Carolina General Statute 160A-383
states that:
“Zoning regulations shall be made in accordance with a comprehensive plan and
designed to lessen congestion in the streets; to secure safety from fire, panic, and
other dangers; to promote health and the general welfare; to provide adequate light
and air; to prevent the overcrowding of land; to avoid undue concentration of
population; and to facilitate the adequate provision of transportation, water,
sewerage, schools, parks, and other public requirements. The regulations shall be
made with reasonable consideration, among other things, as to the character of the
district and its peculiar suitability for particular uses, and with a view to conserving the
value of buildings and encouraging the most appropriate use of land throughout the
town’s planning jurisdiction.”
A land use plan is intended to accomplish three primary objectives. These objectives are as follows:
!To promote economic efficiency by coordinating the size and location of publicly provided
future community facilities with the location and intensity of future private residential,
commercial, and industrial activity.
Section 6. Goals and Implementing Strategies
October 12, 2017 Page 6-1
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
!To optimize resources by allocating land for its most suitable use. For example, a town may
want to encourage industrial development on sites accessible to existing water and sewer
lines and in areas with suitable soil conditions. Or, a town may choose to arrange land uses in
such a way as to protect environmentally sensitive areas.
!To provide a land use form that reflects the vision of the town’s residents, is unified, avoids
conflicting land uses, optimizes resources, preserves the town’s character and is pleasing:
providing open space, vistas, and distinguishable districts.
It is important that the Town of Windsor understands that merely completing the land use plan,
illustrating the Town’s vision for the future, does not ensure that its objectives will be met. The Town
must continuously work at accomplishing plan implementation and maintaining an effective
planning program.
B.Policies Regarding Land Use and Development in AEC’s
The Town of Windsor accepts state and federal law regarding land uses and development in
AECs. By reference, all applicable state and federal regulations are incorporated into this document.
No policies exceed the use standards and permitting requirements found in Subchapter 7H, State
Guidelines for Areas of Environmental Concern. However, Windsor does not consider the following
issues to be relevant/applicable within its planning jurisdiction:
!Outstanding Resource Waters
!Maritime Forests
!Development of Sound and Estuarine System Islands
!Peat or Phosphate Mining’s Impact on any Resource
!Beach Nourishment
The Areas of Environmental Concern and Fragile Areas within Windsor’s planning jurisdiction include
the following:
!Public trust areas as defined in 15A NCAC 7H.0207 public trust areas.
!404 jurisdiction determinations can only be made by Corps of Engineers personnel through
individual on-site analysis.
!Coastal shorelines as defined in 15A NCAC 7H.0209.
For the issuance of CAMA permits within areas of environmental concern, the state’s minimum
acceptable use standards are defined by 15A NCAC 7H. A local unit of government must adopt
policies which are, at a minimum, equal to and consistent with the state’s minimum use standards.
Windsor may adopt policies which are more stringent than the minimum use standards.
Page 6-2 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
The second area of land use plan application is that of establishing policies to guide the jurisdiction’s
local planning. This may apply both within areas of environmental concern where CAMA regulations
apply and in non-CAMA regulated areas of the Town. Under North Carolina legislation, land use plans
are not regulatory controls. Non-CAMA related recommendations must be implemented with local
land use ordinances such as zoning or subdivision ordinances. If this plan recommends that the
average residential density should be three dwelling units per acre within a particular area, then that
density must be achieved through local zoning ordinance or other regulatory control. (This should
not be confused with the interaction of the land use plan with the CAMA regulations and 15A NCAC
7H use standards.)
The final area of application is that of “Consistency Review.” Proposals and applications for state and
federal assistance or requests for agency approval or projects are normally reviewed against a
jurisdiction’s land use plan to determine if the project is consistent with local policies. Inconsistencies
of a project with local policies could serve as grounds for denial or revision of a project. For example,
an individual or agency may request state or federal funding to construct a 30-unit low-to-moderate
income housing project. If the proposed location of the project is within an area in which this land
use plan states that the residential density should not exceed two dwelling units per acre, the project
may be judged to be inconsistent with the local land use plan.
All policies and implementing actions are to be utilized by the State of North Carolina for
consistency review. Note the following:
!No policy is subordinate to another.
!All management topics have equal status.
!The future land use map may show some areas in a developed category which may also
include sensitive habitats or natural areas. The intent is that development should be
designed/permitted to protect these areas through utilization of concepts such as cluster
development. Development/project approval will be based on project design which avoids
substantial loss of important habitat areas.
!The US Army Corps of Engineers maintain jurisdiction over freshwater wetlands.
October 12, 2017 Page 6-3
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
C.Land Use Plan Management Topics
1.Introduction
A key objective of any comprehensive plan is the creation of a robust and achievable set of goals,
policies, and implementing actions. Implementation of these strategies is the responsibility of
Windsor community leaders, staff, and citizens. Decisions made as a result of this plan should serve to
enhance the quality of life for residents, support long-term economic growth, and promote viable
land use and development patterns. This plan serves as the Town’s overall comprehensive plan and
provides for compliance with the CAMA land use planning requirements.
CAMA land use plans must support the goals of CAMA, define the CRC’s expectations for the land use
policies, and provide a basis for land use plan review and certification. Goals, policies, and
implementing actions are provided for each of the following CAMA management topics: Public
Access, Land Use Compatibility, Infrastructure Carrying Capacity, Natural Hazard Areas, and Water
Quality, in addition to other areas of concern including Transportation and Economy. Each
management topic includes two components: a management goal and planning objectives. These
concerns and issues were utilized to develop the goals and objectives which are included in this plan.
Most of the implementing actions are continuing activities. In most situations, specific timelines are
not applicable. The policies and implementing actions frequently utilize the following words: should,
continue, encourage, enhance, identify, implement, maintain, prevent, promote, protect, provide,
strengthen, support, work. The intent of these words is defined in Appendix D .
Please note: Policies and Implementing Actions are numbered consecutively throughout this
document with the letter “P” denoting a policy and the letter “I” denoting an implementing action.
This plan is intended to support Windsor’s vision statement (page 1-3). No negative impacts are
anticipated by the implementation of the goals, policies, and implementing actions which are
included in this plan.
2.Public Access
Public access is important to the Town of Windsor for the provision of recreational access and as a
contributor to the Town’s tourism industry. The Town is strongly tied to its natural assets which is
reflected on the future land use map.
Management Goal 1: To ensure that the Town of Windsor will maximize public access to its
shorelines and public trust waters. Specifically, this goal includes developing facilities for additional
public trust water access. Strong consideration should be given to developing access facilities that
allow for progressive and continual ingress and egress of users for environmental protection and eco-
tourism development.
Page 6-4 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
Policies - Public Access:
P.1 The Town opposes any use which significantly interferes with the public’s right to navigate or
access the Cashie River or any other public trust waters.
P.2 The Town believes that, where possible, public shoreline access sites should be accessible to
persons with disabilities.
P.3 The Town supports new development and redevelopments that promote Windsor as an eco-
tourist and hunting/recreational destination. The Town intends for these developments to
protect and preserve the natural environment and supports the private and public
development of waterfront access through private funds and grant monies.
P.4 Windsor supports state/federal funding of piers for fishing, boating, or public estuarine access.
The Town also supports the preservation and maintenance of areas that have traditionally and
historically been used for public access.
Implementing Actions - Public Access:
I.1 The Town will consider applying for public access funding to extend the riverwalk located
along the Cashie River.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.2 The Town will consider partnering with private entities to secure funds for routine
maintenance of the Cashie Riverwalk.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.3 Windsor desires the Cashie River to be a navigable river. The Town will look for resources to
assist with debris removal, and channel depth maintenance.Schedule: Review Annually
I.4 The town will consider increasing advertising for the Livermon Park, Rotary Park, and the Elm
Street Campground in an effort to increase awareness about these facilities. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
I.5 Windsor will pursue funding under the North Carolina CAMA Shoreline Access funding
program for other eligible projects that provide access for its citizens, including persons with
disabilities. (15A NCAC 7M, Section .0300, Shorefront Access Policies).Schedule: Continuing
Activity.
I.6 The Town will continue to cooperate with the Clean Water Management Trust Fund in an
effort to acquire/reserve additional property along the Cashie River as open space.Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
October 12, 2017 Page 6-5
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
3.Land Use Compatibility
Land use compatibility has not historically been an issue in the Windsor planning jurisdiction.
Because of low population growth, major changes in the current land use patterns are not expected.
The Town desires to protect its sensitive natural and open space areas. The future land use map
reflects a continuation of current land use patterns.
Management Goal 2: The Town of Windsor will ensure that development and use of resources or
preservation of land minimizes direct and secondary environmental impacts, avoids risks to public
health, safety, and welfare, and is consistent with the capability of the land based on considerations or
interactions of natural and manmade features.
Policies - Residential:
P.5 Windsor supports maintaining an inventory of standard housing. The Town supports repair
and reconstruction of privately-owned dwelling units through private funds and/or grants.
P.6 Windsor supports the development of affordable housing options for low to moderate
income persons and seniors.
P.7 The Town supports the establishment of buffers between residential areas and non-
residential areas or adjacent thoroughfares. These buffers should be comprised of low
intensity land uses, and/or the establishment of landscaped buffers.
P.8 Windsor desires to protect established residentially-developed areas and discourages the
rezoning of existing residentially-developed or zoned areas to a non-residential classification
when reasonably possible. Such rezoning and amendments in land use classifications to the
future land use map should be carefully considered to be the best overall land development
policy.
P.9 Windsor supports creating a mix of uses offering the convenience of retail facilities to
property owners in an effort to reduce traffic flow on main thoroughfares.
P.10 Windsor supports densities that are appropriate to the services accessible to the area. Low
density land uses, such as residential agricultural and conservation, should be located in areas
that do not have public water or sewer service.
Implementing Actions - Residential:
I.7 The Town will apply for grant funding to rehabilitate substandard houses and clear
dilapidated houses for low to moderate income persons and the elderly. Some sources for
this funding are North Carolina Housing Finance Agency funding and United States
Department of Agriculture funding.Schedule: Review Annually
Page 6-6 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
I.8 The Town will prepare a pedestrian access study that identifies the locations of current
sidewalks, the need for sidewalk additions, and the need for walking/hiking trails. This study
will focus on tying together the town’s various recreational facilities. The Town will support
implementation of the 2013 Town of Windsor Parks and Recreation Master Plan (Appendix F
lists the recreation improvements which are recommended in the plan).Schedule: Fiscal
Year 2016-2017.
I.9 Windsor will allow the reconstruction of any residential structures demolished by natural
disasters when the reconstruction complies with all applicable local, state, and federal
regulations.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Policies - Commercial/Industrial:
P.11 Windsor supports commercial development along the Main Street Corridor and in other areas
consistent with the Town’s future land use map (see Map 29).
P.12 Windsor desires for new commercial developments to blend with surrounding
neighborhoods.
P.13 Windsor discourages industrial development within areas deemed as AECs within this plan.
This policy applies to both new industrial development and to expansion of existing industrial
facilities.
P.14 Windsor supports the recruitment and siting of environmentally compatible light industrial
and commercial establishments within its planning jurisdiction in areas that are already
similarly developed or in public or private industrial parks.
P.15 The Town supports the protection of agricultural operations.
P.16 Windsor desires industrial developments to be located adjacent to and/or with direct access
to major thoroughfares.
P.17 The Town supports the development of new industries that are accessible to existing public
water and sewer services.
P.18 The Town wishes to closely regulate industries which are noxious by reason of the emission of
smoke, dust, glare, noise, odor, and vibrations, and those which deal primarily in hazardous
products such as explosives.
P.19 Windsor will continue to work with Bertie County to establish a coordinated approached to
recruiting industrial operations within Windsor, as well as the County.
October 12, 2017 Page 6-7
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
P.20 The Town Windsor will continue to support the Downtown Main Street Program geared
towards revitalizing exterior building facades, as well as the overall aesthetic quality of King
Street.
P.21 Windsor will support mixed use development in the Central Business District.
Implementing Actions - Commercial/Industrial:
I.10 The Town will enforce its zoning regulations for type and location of commercial and
industrial development.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.11 Windsor will rely on its zoning ordinance and the CAMA permitting program, if required, with
regard to new industrial development and expansion of existing industrial facilities.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.12 Windsor will continue to seek grant funding from the NC Main Street Program to be utilized
for facade improvements in conjunction with the town’s downtown revitalization program.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.13 The Town will pursue grant funding to assist with the identification and “clean-up” of
brownfield sites.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Policies - Conservation:
P.22 The Town supports the preservation and maintenance of its environmentally sensitive areas,
while capitalizing on its natural resources through active promotion of eco-tourism and
outdoor recreation.
P.23 Except as otherwise permitted in this plan, residential, commercial, and industrial
development should not be supported in natural heritage areas or wetlands.
Implementing Actions - Conservation:
I.14 The Town will endeavor to educate the public about environmentally sensitive areas and
what actions they can take to help do their part in preservation. Education may be done
through public service announcements or through programs run within the Roanoke/Cashie
River Center.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.15 The Town will meet with appropriate agencies to discuss marketing the Town as a tourist
destination because of its natural resources.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Page 6-8 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
I.16 The Town will strive to protect Windsor’s fragile areas from inappropriate, unplanned, or
poorly planned development through the following:
(1)Limit certain land uses in the vicinity of historic sites and natural heritage areas
through enforcement of the Windsor zoning ordinance.Schedule: Continuing
Activity.
(2)Coordinate all housing code enforcement/ redevelopment projects/public works
projects with the NC Division of Archives and History to ensure the preservation and
identification of significant historic structures and archaeological sites. Significant
historic sites are identified on page 4-29 of this plan.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Policies - Stormwater Control:
P.24 The Town wishes for runoff and drainage from developments to be of a quality and quantity
that is as close to natural occurrences as is practicable.
P.25 The Town discourages the clear cutting of land for development.
P.26 Windsor supports reducing soil erosion, runoff, and sedimentation to minimize the adverse
effects on surface and subsurface water quality.
P.27 The Town supports the enforcement of all controls and regulations, specifically design
standards, tie-down requirements, construction and installation standards, elevation
requirements, flood-proofing, CAMA regulations, and FEMA regulations, to mitigate the risks
of lives and property caused by severe storms and hurricanes.
P.28 The Town of Windsor supports efforts to reduce pollutants in stormwater runoff within the
Cashie River, through the use of innovative stormwater management systems, such as low
impact development.
Implementing Actions - Stormwater Control:
I.17 The town will continue to monitor state stormwater policy, and respond to any new
regulations through update of the town’s zoning ordinance.Fiscal Year: Review Annually
I.18 The Town of Windsor will cooperate with the NCDOT, the North Carolina Division of Water
Resources, and other state agencies in mitigating the impact of stormwater runoff on all
conservation classified areas. The town will support the Division of Water Resources
stormwater runoff retention permitting process through its zoning permit system by verifying
compliance prior to issuance of a zoning permit.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
October 12, 2017 Page 6-9
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
I.19 The Town of Windsor will attempt to apply for grant funds, and utilize Powell Bill funds, to
improve stormwater drainage systems associated with existing rights-of-way.Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
I.20 The Town of Windsor will support existing state regulations relating to stormwater runoff
resulting from development (Stormwater Disposal Policy 15A NCAC 2H.001-.1003), including
coastal stormwater rules, through enforcement of the town’s subdivision ordinance.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Implementing Action - General:
I.21 The Town will pursue reduction of its extraterritorial jurisdiction as indicated on Map 29,
Future Land Use.Schedule: Fiscal Year 2017-2018.
4.Infrastructure Carrying Capacity
Diversification of the Town’s economy is dependent upon maintaining and improving the current
infrastructure systems. Currently, there are no major problems with the infrastructure systems. The
Town’s future capital improvements programming will reflect support for maintaining the current
systems.
Management Goal 3: To ensure that public systems and services are sized, located, and managed to
protect or restore the quality of areas of environmental concern or other fragile areas while providing
adequate levels of service to meet the needs of citizens.
Policies - Public Infrastructure Systems:
P.29 The Town encourages in-fill development in an effort to promote efficient use of land and
cost effectiveness for providing public services and to increase the Town’s population.
P.30 Windsor supports providing sufficient water and sewer service to promote economic
development and to alleviate public health problems.
P.31 The Town will not permit package sewer treatment plants within its corporate limits.
Pretreatment systems will be required where industrial facilities have the need for
pretreatment prior to entry into the public system.
Implementing Actions - Public Infrastructure Systems:
I.22 Windsor will consider revising water and sewer extension policies to ensure that
public/private cooperation in the provision of infrastructure to serve new development is
encouraged. This process may be utilized to support voluntary annexations.Schedule: Fiscal
Year Review as necessary.
Page 6-10 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
I.23 In cases where package treatment plants are approved (within the ETJ), the Town will require
a specific contingency plan specifying how ongoing private operation and maintenance of
the plant will be provided, and detailing provisions for assumption of the plant into a public
system should the private operation fail.Schedule: As plants are approved.
I.24 Windsor will amend the future land use map, when needed, to reflect any water and/or sewer
extension projects.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.25 Windsor will consult the future land use map when considering the locations of new public
facilities and private developments.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.26 The Town will rely on the Division of Water Resources to oversee the operation and
management of all package treatment plants in the ETJ, if applicable.Schedule: Continuing
Activity.
I.27 The Town will request the North Carolina Rural Water Association to prepare a wellhead
protection plan.Schedule: Fiscal Year 2018-2019.
Policies - Transportation:
P.32 Windsor supports limiting “strip” residential development along highways and certain roads
carrying heavy traffic and encourages service roads or an internal street pattern to eliminate
direct driveway connections to highways and roads.
P.33 Windsor supports the proper location of development along the US Highway 17 bypass
corridor and other major roads within the planning jurisdiction to provide safe ingress and
egress.
P.34 The Town encourages development plans that have an attractive appearance and utilize
green space or open areas to provide buffers between developments on US Highway 17
Bypass.
P.35 Windsor supports subdivision developments which utilize the North Carolina Department of
Transportation Traditional Neighborhood Development Street Design Guidelines. A
Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND) is a human scale, walkable community with
moderate to high residential densities, a mixed-use core, and a dense network of narrow
streets with reduced curb radii.
P.36 Windsor specifically supports the following transportation improvement project for Bertie
County: R-2506, US 13, from US 13 Business north of Windsor to NC 42. Widen to multi-lanes
and replace bridge along bypass.
October 12, 2017 Page 6-11
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
P.37 The Town supports maintaining an effective signage and addressing system for all streets,
roads, and highways.
Implementing Actions - Transportation:
I.28 The Town may pursue the planting of street trees along the US Highway 17 Bypass corridor.
Schedule: Fiscal Year 2017-2020.
I.29 Windsor will encourage the construction of acceleration/deceleration lanes for the entrances
to major commercial and residential developments.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
5.Natural Hazard Areas
The preservation of natural hazard areas is important to the Town’s quality of life and the economy.
Nature-based tourism is important to the Town of Windsor. The future land use map delineates
approximately 16.4% of the Town’s planning jurisdiction as conservation.
Management Goal 4: To preserve and maintain natural hazard areas and other coastal features for
their natural storm protection functions and their natural resources giving recognition to public
health, safety, and welfare issues.
Policies - Natural Hazard Areas:
P.38 The Town supports development projects that do not weaken or eliminate natural barriers to
erosion.
P.39 To minimize the hazards to life, health, public safety, and property, Windsor will discourage
development within flood hazard areas.
P.40 The Town supports the US Army Corps of Engineers 404 Wetlands program, the guidelines of
the Coastal Area Management Act, and the use of local land use ordinances to regulate
development of freshwater swamps, marshes, and 404 wetlands. The Town does not want
any development as defined by the Town’s zoning ordinance to result in any net loss of
wetlands.
P.41 The Town supports the construction of bulkheads if they fulfill the use standards set forth in
15A NCAC 7H.
P.42 Windsor supports relocation of structures endangered by erosion and flooding, if the
relocated structure will be in compliance with all applicable policies and regulations.
Page 6-12 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
P.43 Windsor recognizes the difficulty in predicting sea level rise and determining policy decisions
regarding it. Therefore, the Town will support cooperation with local, state, and federal
efforts to inform the public of the anticipated effects of sea level rise.
P.44 Windsor supports hazard mitigation planning. The Town participated in the FEMA-approved
Northeastern NC Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP), dated July 7, 2017, that is to be
updated every five years.The Land Use Plan and Hazard Mitigation Plan should be consistent
with one another. Should there ever be conflicting policies, the Land Use Plan takes
precedence. The Hazard Mitigation Plan strategies for the Town of Windsor included in the
2017 Regional HMP are included as policy herein (see Appendix C). Should a LUP policy be
found in conflict with the HMP, an amendment to the HMP shall be made and presented to
the State Hazard Mitigation Officer, NC Emergency Management, for incorporation into the
HMP.
Implementing Actions:
I.30 Windsor will cooperate with the US Army Corps of Engineers in the regulation and
enforcement of the 404 wetlands permit process.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.31 Windsor will coordinate all development within the special flood hazard area with the Town’s
Zoning and Code Enforcement personnel, North Carolina Division of Coastal Management,
FEMA, and the US Army Corps of Engineers.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.32 Windsor will continue to enforce its existing zoning and flood damage prevention regulations
found in the town’s zoning ordinance.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.33 Windsor permits redevelopment of previously developed areas, provided the projects comply
with all applicable policies, regulations, and ordinances.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.34 Windsor will enforce the density controls in the town’s zoning ordinance.Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
I.35 Windsor will utilize the future land use map to assist with controlling the locations and types
of development.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.36 Continue to participate in and support the County’s Hazard Mitigation planning efforts. This
effort will include working with Bertie County on the five-year update of the Northeastern NC
Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan.Schedule: Fiscal Year 2016-2017.
October 12, 2017 Page 6-13
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
6.Water Quality
Water quality is important to the Town’s quality of life and economic development. Water quality
impacts the Town’s natural assets and the activities of the Town’s population. Preservation of the
Town’s water quality demands a reduction of stormwater runoff.
Management Goal 5: To maintain, protect, and where possible, enhance water quality of public trust
waters.
Policies - Water Quality:
P.45 Windsor will allow additional boat ramp and waterfront access facilities provided they meet
local, state, and federal requirements.
P.46 The Town of Windsor opposes the construction of package treatment plants within its sewer
system service area, except in industrial facilities where pretreatment is necessary. The Town
opposes the installation of package treatment plants and septic tanks or discharge of waste in
any areas classified as freshwater wetlands (404) or natural heritage areas.
P.47 The Town supports the guidelines of the Coastal Area Management Act and the efforts and
programs of the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Coastal
Management and the Coastal Resources Commission to protect the public trust waters in
Windsor.
P.48 Windsor supports conserving its surficial groundwater resources.
P.49 Windsor supports regulation of underground storage tanks in order to protect its
groundwater resources.
P.50 Windsor opposes the disposal of any toxic wastes, as defined by the US Environmental
Protection Agency’s Listing of Hazardous Substances and Priority Pollutants (developed
pursuant to the Clean Water Act of 1977), within its planning jurisdiction.
P.51 Windsor supports the control of stormwater runoff to aid in the preservation of water quality.
The Town will support existing state regulations relating to stormwater runoff resulting from
development (Stormwater Disposal Policy 15 NCAC 2H.001-.1003).
P.52 Windsor supports implementation of the Roanoke River Basinwide Water Quality
Management Plan.
Page 6-14 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
P.53 The Town supports management of problem pollutants, particularly biological oxygen
demand and nutrients, in order to correct existing water quality problems and to ensure
protection of those waters currently supporting their uses.
Implementing Actions - Water Quality:
I.37 Windsor will work with the Roanoke/Cashie River Center to promote and educate citizens
about ways to reduce stormwater pollutants.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.38 The Town of Windsor will conserve its surficial groundwater resources by enforcing CAMA
and the NC Division of Water Resources stormwater runoff regulations and by coordinating
local development activities involving chemical storage or underground storage and
installation/abandonment with Bertie County Emergency Management personnel and the NC
Division of Water Resources. The Town will plan for an adequate long-range water supply. In
the planning process, Windsor will cooperate with adjacent local governments to protect
water resources.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.39 The Town will enforce its zoning ordinance to aid in protecting sensitive shoreline areas. It
will rely on state and federal agencies to promote and protect environmentally sensitive
areas.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.40 Windsor will rely on the technical requirements and state program approval for underground
storage tanks (40 CFR, Parts 280 and 281), and any subsequent state regulations concerning
underground storage tanks adopted during the planning period.Schedule: Continuing
Activity.
I.41 The Town of Windsor will encourage low impact development techniques.Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
7.Local Areas of Concern
The Town of Windsor wishes to integrate local areas of concern (cultural, historic, and scenic areas;
economic development; and general health and human services needs) with the overall goals of
CAMA in the context of land use planning.
Management Goal 6: To identify local concerns and issues and provide actions to address them.
Policies - Cultural, Historic, and Scenic Areas:
P.54 Windsor will protect its historic resources as a valuable cultural and economic asset.
P.55 The Town supports development that is consistent with the surrounding areas.
October 12, 2017 Page 6-15
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
P.56 The Town supports efforts to protect historic properties within its planning jurisdiction and to
perpetuate its cultural heritage.
Implementing Actions - Cultural, Historic, and Scenic Areas:
I.42 The Town will work with the US Army Corps of Engineers to coordinate local approval of
industrial projects with the “404” permitting process.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.43 Windsor will guide development so as to protect historic and potentially historic properties
within the Town.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.44 Windsor will coordinate all housing code enforcement and/or redevelopment projects with
the NC Division of Archives and History, to ensure that any significant architectural details or
buildings are identified and preserved.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.45 Windsor will coordinate all Town public works projects with the NC Division of Archives and
History, to ensure the identification and preservation of significant archaeological sites.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Policies - Economic Development:
P.57 Windsor supports activities that promote the Town as an eco-tourist destination.
P.58 Windsor supports North Carolina Department of Transportation projects to improve access to
the Town.
P.59 The Town encourages economic and community growth and development.
P.60 The Town encourages industrial and commercial development in areas with existing
infrastructure.
P.61 Windsor supports the extension of public infrastructure from existing systems and
encourages the use of central systems for new developments whether residential,
commercial, or industrial in nature.
Implementing Actions - Economic Development:
I.46 The Town of Windsor will work with the Chamber of Commerce and other services to recruit
companies to the area.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Page 6-16 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
I.47 Windsor will pursue the approval of the Town as a North Carolina certified retirement
community.Schedule: Fiscal Year 2017-2018.
I.48 The Town will continue to support “Downtown Windsor” to study downtown revitalization
efforts.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.49 Windsor will support the following in the pursuit of industrial development: New heavy
industrial developments should be located so that there is no adverse effect on the Town’s
ecosystem and be encouraged in areas where such uses can utilize available infrastructure.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Policies - General Health and Human Services Needs:
P.62 The Town desires to have a variety of recreational opportunities for its citizens.
P.63 Windsor supports a comprehensive program of both active and passive recreational
opportunities.
P.64 Windsor supports the continued public provision of public water, public sewer, street
maintenance and related drainage, police protection, fire protection, and solid waste disposal
to all citizens.
P.65 Windsor supports recycling efforts.
P.66 The Town supports local, state, and federal efforts to minimize the adverse impact of man-
made hazards.
P.67 Windsor supports the construction of water systems with adequate line sizes to ensure
adequate water pressure and fire protection.
Implementing Actions - General Health and Human Services Needs:
I.50 The Town of Windsor will consider design and funding sources for upgrading municipal
facilities.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.51 The Town will continue to enforce the flood hazard reduction provisions of the Windsor
zoning ordinance.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.52 The Town will prohibit the installation of underground storage tanks in the 100-year
floodplain.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
October 12, 2017 Page 6-17
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
I.53 Windsor will provide sufficient emergency services to all residents by ensuring the
implementation of the following:
(1)Require that all necessary infrastructure firefighting capability/capacity be provided in
new subdivisions and developments.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
(2)Continue to maintain an effective signage and addressing system for all streets, roads,
and highways.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Implementing Actions - Funding Options:
I.54 Windsor will continue to support state and federal programs that are deemed necessary, cost-
effective, and within the administrative and fiscal capabilities of the Town. These include:
(1)Community Development Block Grant Program
(2)Emergency Medical Services
(3)Coastal Area Management Act, including shoreline access funds
(4)Small Business Association
(5)Economic Development Administration Funds
(6)Rural Development/USDA
(7)Federal Emergency Management Program
(8)Parks and Recreation Trust Fund
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.55 Windsor will selectively support state and federal programs related to the Town. The Town,
through its boards and committees, will monitor state and federal programs and regulations.
It will use opportunities as they are presented to voice support for or to disagree with
programs and regulations that are proposed by state and federal agencies.Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
I.56 Windsor officials will continue to work with the Army Corps of Engineers and any other state
and federal agencies to ensure continued dredging and maintenance of river channels as
needed to keep these facilities open to navigation.Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Page 6-18 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
8.Health and Wellness
Health and wellness involves multiple inter-related subcategories including: General Health and
Wellness, Active Living and Healthy Eating, Healthy and Safe Physical Environments, and Aging in
Place. No health/wellness policies were included in the August 27, 2009,Town of Windsor CAMA
Core Land Use Plan. Implementing strategies only are provided for this section of the Comprehensive
Plan.All strategies are considered continuing activities unless otherwise noted.
Implementing Strategies - General Health and Wellness:
I.57 As Planning Board membership vacancies occur, recruit members who have interest and/or
expertise in public health.
I.58 Promote social cohesion through community programming by the Health Department,
faith-based organizations, or local non-profits.
Implementing Strategies - Active Living and Healthy Eating:
I.59 Work with the Bertie County Extension Office and the Bertie County Public Health Department
to achieve the following:
!Increase the opportunities for citizens to purchase and grow healthy foods in the
Town.
!Support new opportunities for distribution of locally and regionally produced foods.
!Work to address disparities in access to healthy foods in inadequately served
populations and neighborhoods.
I.60 Consider the establishment of zoning overlay districts, which may modify the regulations of
the underlying land use zone categories that guide the development of FRESH food stores to
promote and protect public health, safety, and general welfare. These general goals include,
among others, the following purposes:
!Encourage a healthy lifestyle by facilitating the development of FRESH food stores
that sell a healthy selection of food products.
!Provide greater incentives for FRESH food stores to locate in neighborhoods
underserved by such establishments.
!Encourage FRESH food stores to locate in locations that are easily accessible to nearby
residents.
A "FRESH food store" is a food store, where at least 6,000 square feet of floor area, or storage
space is utilized for retailing the sale of a general line of food and non food grocery products,
such as dairy, canned and frozen foods, fresh fruits and vegetables, fresh and prepared meats,
October 12, 2017 Page 6-19
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
fish and poultry, intended for home preparation, consumption, and utilization. Such retail
space utilized for the sale of a general line of food and non food grocery products shall be
distributed as follows:
!At least 3,000 square feet or 50% of such retail space, whichever is greater, shall be
utilized for the sale of a general line of food products intended for home preparation,
consumption, and utilization; and
!At least 2,000 square feet or 30% of such retail space, whichever is greater, shall be
utilized for the sale of perishable goods that shall include dairy, fresh produce, frozen
foods, and fresh meats of which at least 500 square feet of such retail space shall be
designated for the sale of fresh produce.
I.61 Consider incentivizing the development of neighborhood based retail and service outlets
aimed at addressing the daily needs for residents of adjacent neighborhoods. Facilities
should be developed in a manner that aims to ensure the following:
!Promotes compatibility with neighborhood character.
!Helps reduce vehicle trip lengths and frequency.
!Encourages convenient and ready access, particularly for pedestrians and cyclists.
!Serves as a gathering and meeting place within the community.
!Maintains a compact size.
I.62 Consider the development and adoption of a complete streets policy. This policy should
focus on providing a wide range of transportation options including: bicycle lanes and
sharrows, and pedestrian access facilities. Increased attention should be given to streets
programmed for resurfacing and/or expansion.
I.63 Consider street and sidewalk improvements adjacent to existing school sites. This effort shall
involve the installation of raised crosswalks to help reduce vehicle speeds and improved
pedestrian visibility. Curb extensions may also be considered to shorten pedestrian crossing
distance, eliminate parking on or near the crosswalk, and improve sight distance for
pedestrians.
I.64 Consider amending the zoning and subdivision regulations to require the establishment of
bicycle parking for new and redeveloped commercial, industrial, and institutional uses.
Schedule: Fiscal Year 2017-2018.
I.65 Consider engaging in the following in order to promote alternative means of transportation:
!Encourage clinics to teach safe cycling to school age children.
!Strategically place signs and provide maps outlining existing and proposed
pedestrian and bicycle routes.
Page 6-20 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
!Work with the Region 9 Active Routes to School Coordinator to assess schools within
Windsor most suited for enhanced pedestrian infrastructure to connect
neighborhoods.
I.66 Partner with Bertie County to apply for a NCDOT Division of Bicycle and Pedestrian
Transportation planning grant to complete countywide Greenways Master Plan.Schedule:
Fiscal Year 2018-2019.
I.67 Continue to support the proposed improvements outlined in the 2013 Parks and Recreation
Master Plan. Specifically, the town should seek funding to construct the proposed greenway
facility connecting the Elm Street Campground to downtown.
I.68 Consider creating a Community Garden Produce and Education Organization to establish,
maintain, and educate residents in areas in need of physical activity and healthy foods.
Implementing Strategies - Healthy and Safe Physical Environments:
I.69 Consider factoring issues relating to the promotion of public safety into the normal review
process for development proposals. Themes associated with Crime Prevention through
Environmental Design (CPTED) should be utilized to improve upon overall community safety
and appearance. This effort should address a range of issues including lighting, building
deterioration, increasing "eyes on the street", and open space design. The four principles of
CPTED are provided below:
!Surveillance - ensuring that places are casually observed by the public, "Eyes on the
Street."
!Territorial enforcement - ensuring and promoting sense of ownership of place.
!Access management - designing and providing safe pathways, routes, and entrances
that are well defined, well-lit and convenient.
!Quality environment - designing a quality environment that is well-maintained,
attractive, and provides for a range of activities to ensure high usage.
I.70 Consider the development of neighborhood pocket parks in underserved portions of the
town.
Implementing Strategies - Aging in Place:
According to the CDC, aging in place is defined as "the ability to live in one's own home and
community safely, independently, and comfortably, regardless of age, income, or ability level."
Specific strategies related to implementation are provided below.
October 12, 2017 Page 6-21
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
I.71 In order to provide a wide variety of housing choices and affordability, the Town should:
!Look for opportunities to provide housing choices that will support the aging and
retirement community.
!Explore different approaches to creating an ample workforce and financially
achievable housing stock within the county.
!Develop a community information strategy to promote housing options for seniors.
I.72 Promote aging-in-place as a preference for seniors with services such as home modification
and maintenance program.
I.73 Offer and promote awards for planning, designing and building age-friendly built
environments.
I.74 Provide adequate street and park furniture: benches, resting places and awnings for shade.
I.75 Encourage and support physical activity programs for seniors-fitness, strength, flexibility and
balancing activities.
Page 6-22 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
A.Guide for Land Use Decision Making
It is intended that this document be an integral part of the Town of Windsor decision making process
concerning future land use. This document should be consulted prior to any decision being made by
the Town of Windsor staff, Planning Board, and/or Board of Commissioners concerning land use and
development.
B.Existing Development Program
The existing management program includes the following plans/ordinances: 2011 Unified
Development Ordinance, 1981 Historic District Ordinance, 2009 CAMA Land Use Plan Update, 2015
Water Supply Plan, 2007 Strategic Plan, 2011 Bertie County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation
Plan, and 2014 Comprehensive Plan. The ordinances are administratively enforced/managed by the
Town of Windsor. The Town has a Planning Board and Board of Adjustment which provide legislative
and quasi-judicial oversight of the ordinances. The Town Board of Commissioners have final
adoption and approval authority for all ordinances.
C.Continuing Planning Process
This plan provides the framework upon which zoning and subdivision regulations and the capital
improvements programs should be based. In fact, the preparation of a land use plan and map is
mandated by North Carolina legislation as a prerequisite for zoning for both cities and counties.
Specifically, in implementing this plan, the following should serve as guiding land use/planning
principles:
!Consider the future land use map as part of the policies included in this plan.
!Consult this plan, including the future land use map, during the deliberation of all rezoning
requests and proposed text amendments.
!Consider the following in deliberation of all zoning petitions:
"All deliberations should consider this plan’s goals, implementing strategies, and
future land use map.
"All uses that are allowed in a zoning district must be considered. A decision to re-
zone or not to re-zone a parcel or parcels of property cannot be based on
consideration of only one use or a partial list of the uses allowed within a zoning
district.
Section 7. Tools for Managing Development
October 12, 2017 Page 7-1
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
"Requests for zoning changes should not be approved if the requested change will
result in spot zoning. Spot zoning is a form of discriminatory zoning whose sole
purpose is to serve the private interests of one or more landowners instead of
furthering the welfare of the entire community as part of an overall zoning plan. Spot
zoning is based on the arbitrary and inappropriate nature of a rezoning change rather
than, as is commonly believed, on the size of the area being rezoned.
"Zoning which will result in strip development should be discouraged. Strip
development is a melange of development, usually commercial, extending along
both sides of a major street. Strip development is often a mixture of auto-oriented
enterprises (e.g., gas stations, motels, and food stands), and truck-dependent
wholesale and light industrial enterprises. Strip development may severely reduce
traffic-carrying capacity of abutting streets by allowing for excessive and conflicting
curb cuts.
"Access management should be considered in all land use/zoning decisions.
"The concept of uniformity should be supported in all zoning deliberations. Uniformity
is a basic premise of zoning which holds that all land in similar circumstances should
be zoned alike; any different circumstances should be carefully balanced with a
demonstrated need for such different treatment.
"Specifically, the Planning Board and Board of Commissioners should ask the following
questions:
-Is the request in accordance with this plan? Zoning regulations shall be made
in accordance with the Town’s Comprehensive Plan (NCGS 160A-383). When
adopting or rejecting any zoning amendment, the Board of Commissioners
shall also approve a statement describing whether its action is consistent with
the Town’s Comprehensive Plan and any other officially adopted plan that is
applicable, and briefly explaining why the Board of Commissioners considers
the action taken to be responsible and in the public interest.
-Will the request have a serious adverse impact on traffic circulation and other
infrastructure?
-Will the request have an adverse impact on other Town services, including
police protection, fire protection, or public works?
-Will the request have an adverse impact on the Bertie County Schools?
-Is there a good possibility that the request, as proposed, will result in
lessening the enjoyment or use of adjacent properties?
Page 7-2 October 12, 2017
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
-Will the request, as proposed, cause serious noise, odors, light, activity, or
unusual disturbances?
-Does the request raise legal questions such as spot zoning, hardship, or
violation of precedents?
-Does the request adversely impact water quality or other natural resources?
Following adoption of this plan, the Town may implement the following to ensure effective citizen
participation:
!Encourage diverse public participation in all land use decisions and procedure development
processes and encourage citizen input.
!Publicize all meetings of the Planning Board and Board of Adjustment through newspaper
advertisements and public service announcements.
!Utilize broad-based advisory committees to assess and advise the Town on special planning
issues/needs.
!All Planning Department activities will be available on the Town’s website.
!At a minimum, update this plan every five to seven years.
D.Land Use Plan Amendments
At which time the Town of Windsor Comprehensive Plan needs to be amended, the Town will apply
the guidelines for Land Use Plan Amendments under Subchapter 7B, Section .0800 of the North
Carolina Administrative Code. A brief summary of those guidelines is provided below.
!The Land Use Plan may be amended as a whole by a single resolution or in parts by successive
resolutions. The successive resolutions may address geographical sections, Town divisions, or
functional units of subject matter.
!The Town must hold a public hearing of which the public has been properly notified.
!Copies of the proposed amendment(s) must be available for review at the Windsor Municipal
Building during designated hours.
!The executive secretary or a designated agent of the Coastal Resources Commission shall be
given notice of the public hearing, a copy of the proposed amendment(s), and a reason for
the amendment(s).
October 12, 2017 Page 7-3
Comprehensive CAMA Land Use Plan
!Amendments must be consistent with the Coastal Resources Commission’s Land Use Planning
Guidelines (15A NCAC 7B) and, if possible, with the Land Use Plans of adjacent jurisdictions.
!If possible, the Town will adopt the plan amendments expeditiously following the close of the
public hearing.
!The Town will provide the executive secretary of the Coastal Resources Commission with a
copy of the amended text or maps certification of adoption.
E.Citizen Participation
Following adoption of this plan, the Town of Windsor will implement the following to ensure
adequate citizen participation:
!The Town will encourage public participation in all land use decisions and procedure
development processes and encourage citizen input via its boards and commissions.
!The Town of Windsor will advertise all meetings of the Town’s Planning Board and Board of
Adjustment through newspaper advertisements and public service announcements.
!The Town will, at least annually, conduct a joint meeting of the Board of Commissioners and
the Town’s Planning Board to identify planning issues/needs.
!Ensure that the membership of all planning related and ad hoc advisory committees has a
cross section of the Town of Windsor’s citizenry.
F.Required Periodic Implementation Status Reports
The Town of Windsor shall submit an Implementation Status Report to the Division of Coastal
Management every two years from the date of initial certification by the CRC. This report will be
based on implementation actions that meet the CRC’s Management Topic goals and objectives, as
indicated in the action plan pursuant to Subchapter 07B .0702(e)(3). The Implementation Status
Report will also identify:
!All local, state, federal, and joint actions that have been undertaken successfully to implement
its certified land use plan;
!Any actions that have been delayed and the reasons for the delays;
!Any unforeseen land use issues that have arisen since certification of the land use plan; and
!Consistency of existing land use and development ordinances with current land use plan
policies.
Page 7-4 October 12, 2017
10/4/2016Appendix A
Appendix B: NCDEQ Heritage Data by County
TAXONOMIC_GROUP SCIENTIFIC_NAME COMMON_NAME STATE_STATUS FEDERAL_STATUS STATE_RANK GLOBAL_RANK HABITAT_COMMENT COUNTY COUNTY_STATUS
Freshwater Fish Acipenser brevirostrum Shortnose Sturgeon E E S1 G3 brackish water of large rivers and estuaries; spawns in freshwater areas Bertie Current
Freshwater Fish Acipenser oxyrinchus Atlantic Sturgeon SC E S2 G3 coastal waters, estuaries, large rivers Bertie Current
Butterfly Amblyscirtes carolina Carolina Roadside-Skipper W2 S3S4 G3G4
moist woods (mainly hardwoods) near cane; host plant -- cane
(<i>Arundinaria</i>)Bertie Historical
Butterfly Amblyscirtes reversa Reversed Roadside-Skipper SR S3 G3G4
flatwoods, savannas, pocosin borders, near cane; host plant -- cane
(<i>Arundinaria</i>)Bertie Current
Moss Amblystegium humile A Thin-net Moss W7 S2?G5 wet substrates Bertie Current
Bird Ammodramus henslowii susurrans Eastern Henslow's Sparrow SC FSC S1B,S1N G4T4 clearcut pocosins and other damp weedy fields[breeding evidence only]Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Andropogon virginicus var. decipiens Deceptive Bluestem W7 S1S2 G5T4 pinelands and disturbed areas Bertie Historical
Bird Anhinga anhinga Anhinga W2 S3B G5
wooded lakes or ponds, or open swamps (for nesting) [breeding evidence
only]Bertie Current
Freshwater Bivalve Anodonta implicata Alewife Floater T S2 G5 Chowan, Roanoke, Cape Fear, and Pee Dee drainages Bertie Current
Dragonfly or Damselfly Arigomphus villosipes Unicorn Clubtail W3 S3 G5 ponds, lakes, slow-flowing streams Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Asclepias purpurascens Purple Milkweed SR-T S1?G5?swamps, bottomlands, edges of moist woods Bertie Historical
Moss Atrichum cylindricum A Catherinea Moss W7 S2?G5
moist soils of ditches and stream banks in bottomlands and swamp
forests Bertie Historical
Natural Community
Brownwater Bottomland Hardwoods (High
Subtype)S2 G3G4 Bertie Current
Natural Community
Brownwater Bottomland Hardwoods (Low
Subtype)S2 G4?Bertie Current
Natural Community
Brownwater Bottomland Hardwoods (Swamp
Transition Subtype)S3 G3G4 Bertie Current
Natural Community Brownwater Levee Forest (High Levee Subtype)S3 G3G5 Bertie Current
Natural Community Brownwater Levee Forest (Low Levee Subtype)S3S4 G3G4 Bertie Current
Natural Community
Brownwater Levee Forest (Medium Levee
Subtype)S3S4 G4?Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Carex cherokeensis Cherokee Sedge E S1 G4G5 floodplains Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Carex crus-corvi Crowfoot Sedge SR-P S1 G5 swamp forests Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Carex jamesii James's Sedge SR-P S2 G5 rich woods, especially over mafic rocks Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Carex lupuliformis False Hop Sedge SR-P S1 G4 moist bottomlands, especially in calcareous or mafic areas Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Carya laciniosa Big Shellbark Hickory T S1 G5 brownwater river levees Bertie Current
Caddisfly Ceraclea cancellata a longhorned caddisfly SR S2 G5 Naked Creek, Roanoke River, Eliis Creek, Turnbull Creek Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Chasmanthium sessiliflorum Longleaf Spikegrass W1 S2S3 G5 hardwood forests Bertie Historical
Natural Community
Coastal Plain Semipermanent Impoundment
(Cypress-Gum Subtype)S4 G4G5 Bertie Current
Natural Community
Coastal Plain Semipermanent Impoundment
(Open Water Subtype)S4 G5 Bertie Current
Natural Community Coastal Plain Small Stream Swamp S4 G4?Bertie Current
Animal Assemblage Colonial Wading Bird Colony S3 G5 Bertie Current
Mammal Corynorhinus rafinesquii macrotis
Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat - Coastal
Plain subspecies SC FSC S3 G3G4T3
roosts in hollow trees, old buildings, and beneath bridges, usually near
water Bertie Current
Reptile Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4
wetland forests in the Coastal Plain; rocky, upland forests elsewhere
[NHP tracking only den/hibernacula sites and selected isolated
populations]Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Cynanchum laeve Smooth Swallowwort W7 S1 G5 bottomlands and disturbed areas Bertie Current
Natural Community Cypress--Gum Swamp (Blackwater Subtype)S4 G4?Bertie Current
Natural Community Cypress--Gum Swamp (Brownwater Subtype)S4 G5?Bertie Current
Natural Community Cypress--Gum Swamp (Intermediate Subtype)S3S4 G4 Bertie Current
Natural Community
Dry-Mesic Oak--Hickory Forest (Coastal Plain
Subtype)S3 G3G4 Bertie Current
Freshwater Bivalve Elliptio cistellaeformis Box Spike W3,W5 SU G4 Neuse, Lumber, Pee Dee drainages; Lake Waccamaw Bertie Current
Freshwater Fish Enneacanthus chaetodon Blackbanded Sunfish SR S3 G3G4 many drainages, particularly Lumber and Waccamaw Bertie Historical
Freshwater Fish Enneacanthus obesus Banded Sunfish SR S3 G5 most Atlantic drainages Bertie Current
Dragonfly or Damselfly Epitheca spinosa Robust Baskettail W3 S3?G4 ponds and lakes Bertie Current
Natural Community Estuarine Beach Forest S2?G2 Bertie Current
Freshwater Fish Etheostoma vitreum Glassy Darter W5 S3 G4G5 Chowan, Roanoke, Tar, and Neuse drainages Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Eurybia spectabilis Showy Aster SR-O S2?G5 pine barrens and woodland borders Bertie Historical
Reptile Farancia erytrogramma Rainbow Snake SR S3 G4 swamps, lakes, rivers, and other sluggish water Bertie Current
Dragonfly or Damselfly Gomphus dilatatus Blackwater Clubtail W3 S3?G5 rivers Bertie Current
Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T BGPA S3B,S3N G5
mature forests near large bodies of water (for nesting); lakes and sounds
(for foraging) [nesting sites only]Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Heteranthera multiflora Multiflowered Mud-plantain SR-P S1 G4 open pools in brownwater or blackwater river floodplains Bertie Historical
Vascular Plant Heteranthera reniformis Kidneyleaf Mud-plantain W7 S2?G5 muddy shores, bars, pools Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Hottonia inflata Featherfoil SR-O S1?G4 pools in blackwater or brownwater swamps, interdune ponds Bertie Current
Page 1
Appendix B: NCDEQ Heritage Data by County
TAXONOMIC_GROUP SCIENTIFIC_NAME COMMON_NAME STATE_STATUS FEDERAL_STATUS STATE_RANK GLOBAL_RANK HABITAT_COMMENT COUNTY COUNTY_STATUS
Vascular Plant Hypericum tubulosum Marsh St. John's-wort W7 S2?G4?wet sites, pools Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Isotria verticillata Large Whorled Pogonia W1 S2S3 G5 forests Bertie Historical
Vascular Plant Juncus caesariensis New Jersey Rush E FSC S1 G2G3 seepage bog Bertie Current
Freshwater Bivalve Lampsilis radiata Eastern Lampmussel T S3 G5 Chowan, Roanoke, Tar, Neuse, Cape Fear, Yadkin--Pee Dee drainages Bertie Historical
Vascular Plant Leersia lenticularis Catchfly Cutgrass SR-P S2?G5 low woods Bertie Current
Freshwater Bivalve Leptodea ochracea Tidewater Mucket T S2 G3G4 Chowan, Roanoke, and Tar drainages, and abundant in Lake Waccamaw Bertie Current
Freshwater Bivalve Ligumia nasuta Eastern Pondmussel T S2 G4 Chowan, Roanoke, Neuse, Tar, Cape Fear, and Yadkin--Pee Dee drainages Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Listera australis Southern Twayblade W1 S3 G4 moist hardwood forest, swamps, wet woods with acidic soils Bertie Current
Amphibian Lithobates kauffeldi Atlantic Coast Leopard Frog W3 SU GNR
freshwater wetlands, such as marshes and pond edges, in the
northeastern portion of the province; recently described and range is
poorly known Bertie Current
Natural Community Low Elevation Seep (Typic Subtype)S3 G3?Bertie Obscure
Vascular Plant Matelea decipiens Glade Milkvine SR-P S3 G5 thin woodlands over mafic or calcareous rocks Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Mertensia virginica Virginia Bluebells W7 S2 G5 rich forests on slopes and bottomlands Bertie Historical
Natural Community
Mesic Mixed Hardwood Forest (Coastal Plain
Subtype)S3 G3 Bertie Current
Mammal Mustela frenata Long-tailed Weasel W3 S3S4 G5 forests, brushy areas Bertie Current
Mammal Myotis austroriparius Southeastern Bat SC FSC S2 G3G4
roosts in buildings, hollow trees; forages near water; mainly in the
Coastal Plain Bertie Current
Mammal Myotis septentrionalis Northern Long-eared Bat SR T-4(d)S2 G2G3
roosts in hollow trees and buildings (warmer months), in caves and mines
(winter); mainly in the mountains Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Nelumbo lutea American Lotus W7 S2 G4 ponds, slow streams, natural lakes, estuarine rivers Bertie Historical
Butterfly Neonympha helicta Helicta Satyr SR S1?G3G4
sedgy wetlands, including sandhill seeps, pocosin ecotones, and drained
beaver ponds in the Sandhills, low pocosins in the northeast Coastal Plain,
and wet open swales in the Piedmont; host plants -- sedges (Alamance*,
Anson, Beaufort, Bertie*, Chatham*, Cumberland, Dare, Durham*,
Gaston*, Gates*, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Hoke, Hyde, Martin*,
Moore, Pitt, Richmond, Scotland, Washington)Bertie Historical
Natural Community
Nonriverine Swamp Forest (Cypress-Gum
Subtype)S2 G2G3 Bertie Current
Natural Community Nonriverine Swamp Forest (Mixed Subtype)S3 G3 Bertie Current
Natural Community Nonriverine Swamp Forest (Sweetgum Subtype)S2 G2?Bertie Current
Natural Community
Nonriverine Wet Hardwood Forest (Oak Flat
Subtype)S1 G2 Bertie Current
Natural Community
Nonriverine Wet Hardwood Forest (Oak-Gum
Slough Subtype)S1 G2G3 Bertie Current
Freshwater Fish Notropis chalybaeus Ironcolor Shiner W1 S2S3 G4
coastal plain rivers and creeks (Beaufort*, Bertie*, Bladen, Brunswick,
Carteret, Chowan*, Columbus, Craven*, Cumberland*, Duplin,
Edgecombe*, Gates*, Greene*, Halifax*, Harnett, Hertford, Hoke,
Johnston, Jones, Lenoir*, Martin, Moore*, Nash*, New Hanover*,
Northampton, Onslow, Pender*, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson*,
Scotland, Wake, Wayne*, Wilson*)Bertie Current
Reptile Ophisaurus attenuatus Slender Glass Lizard SR S2 G5
old fields, wooded edges, open woods (Beaufort, Bertie, Bladen,
Brunswick, Chatham, Cherokee, Chowan, Clay, Columbus, Durham,
Edgecombe, Franklin, Gates, Halifax, Harnett, Iredell, Johnston, Lenoir,
Orange, Pitt, Stanly, Vance, Wake, Warren, Wilson)�Bertie Historical
Crustacean Orconectes virginiensis Chowanoke Crayfish SC FSC S3 G3 streams and rivers in the Chowan and Roanoke drainages Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Parietaria pensylvanica Pennsylvania Pellitory W7 S2 G5 slopes and bottomlands, usually over calcareous or mafic rocks Bertie Historical
Vascular Plant Paspalum fluitans Horsetail Crown Grass SR-P S1 G5 drawdown riverbanks and seepage areas in swamp forests Bertie Historical
Vascular Plant Paspalum praecox var. praecox Early Crown Grass W1 S2S3 G4 limesink ponds and savannas Bertie Historical
Mammal Perimyotis subflavus Tricolored Bat SR S3 G3
roosts in clumps of leaves (mainly in summer), caves, rock crevices, and
other dark and sheltered places Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Phanopyrum gymnocarpon Swamp Panic Grass SR-O S1 G5 tidal and blackwater cypress-gum swamps Bertie Current
Bird Picoides borealis Red-cockaded Woodpecker E E S2 G3
mature open pine forests, mainly in longleaf pine [breeding evidence
only]Bertie Historical
Vascular Plant Prenanthes trifoliolata Three-leaved Rattlesnake-root W6 S4?G5 forests Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Ranunculus ambigens Water-plantain Spearwort SC-H SH G4 open wet areas Bertie Historical
Vascular Plant Ranunculus flabellaris Yellow Water-crowfoot SC-H S1 G5 pools in blackwater swamps Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Ruellia strepens Limestone Wild-petunia E S1 G4G5 low woods over marl Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Sabatia quadrangula Four-angle Sabatia W7 S2 G4G5
moist to mesic grassy glades, woodland borders, powerline clearings,
often with hardpan soils Bertie Historical
Mammal Sciurus niger Eastern Fox Squirrel W2 S3 G5 open forests, mainly longleaf pine/scrub oak Bertie Current
Bird Setophaga cerulea (syn. Dendroica cerulea)Cerulean Warbler SC FSC S2B G4
mature hardwood forests; steep slopes and coves in mountains, natural
levees in Coastal Plain [breeding season only]Bertie Current
Page 2
Appendix B: NCDEQ Heritage Data by County
TAXONOMIC_GROUP SCIENTIFIC_NAME COMMON_NAME STATE_STATUS FEDERAL_STATUS STATE_RANK GLOBAL_RANK HABITAT_COMMENT COUNTY COUNTY_STATUS
Amphibian Siren lacertina Greater Siren W3 S3 G5
lakes, ponds, and streams, especially where muddy or with weedy
vegetation Bertie Current
Moss Sphagnum russowii Russow's Peatmoss SR-D S1 G5 bogs Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Spirodela polyrrhiza Common Water-flaxseed W7 S2?G5 pools, stagnant waters Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Stachys tenuifolia Smooth Hedge-nettle SR-D S1 G5 swamp forests, edges of bottomlands Bertie Current
Dragonfly or Damselfly Stylurus amnicola Riverine Clubtail W3 S3 G4 rivers Bertie Current
Freshwater or Terrestrial Gastropod Succinea unicolor Squatty Ambersnail SR S1S2 G3G4 marshy areas near streams and lakes Bertie Current
Moss Thuidium allenii Fernmoss W7 S2?G3G5
on soil, logs, exposed roots, and tree bases in swamps, often just above
water line Bertie Historical
Natural Community
Tidal Freshwater Marsh (Broadleaf Pondlily
Subtype)S2 G4G5 Bertie Current
Natural Community
Tidal Freshwater Marsh (Mixed Freshwater
Subtype)S1 G2?Bertie Current
Natural Community
Tidal Freshwater Marsh (Southern Wild Rice
Subtype)S4 G3G5 Bertie Current
Natural Community Tidal Swamp (Cypress--Gum Subtype)S4 G3G4 Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Trichophorum caespitosum ssp. caespitosum Deerhair Bulrush SR-D S2S3 G5 high elevation rocky summits, moist cliffs Bertie Current
Vascular Plant Urtica chamaedryoides Dwarf Stinging Nettle E S1 G4G5 rich blackwater and brownwater levee forests Bertie Current
Bird Vireo gilvus Warbling Vireo SR S2B G5 groves of hardwoods along rivers and streams [breeding season only]Bertie Current
Freshwater or Terrestrial Gastropod Xolotrema caroliniense Blunt Wedge W3 S3?G4 wooded floodplains and slopes, mainly near the Fall Line Bertie Current
Page 3
SECTION 6.MITIGATION STRATEGIES
Table 6-2. Bertie County Mitigation Strategies
Number Strategy
Goal
Addressed
(see page 6-3)
Hazard
Addressed
(see page 3-1)
Applicable
Jurisdictions Priority Responsible Party/Dept.
Funding
Sources
B1 Revise/update regulatory maps upon completion of
FIRM update.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 1, 2, 3, 10, 11 Bertie Co., Askewville,
Aulander, Colerain,
Kelford, Lewiston-
Woodville,
Powellsville, Roxobel,
Windsor
High County Board of Commissioners
County Administration
Municipal Administrations
GF, NFIP
B2 Continue to develop a Geographic Information
System (GIS) to map current land uses and to map
proposed future land uses (CAMA Land Use Plan
Update) as an aid in assessing community
vulnerability
1, 2, 4, 6 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12
Bertie Co., Askewville,
Aulander, Colerain,
Kelford, Lewiston-
Woodville,
Powellsville, Roxobel,
Windsor
High County Administration
Municipal Administrations
GF, NCDEQ
B3 Consider participating in the Community Rating
System (CRS) to reduce flood insurance premiums for
citizens.
2, 5 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 11 Bertie Co., Askewville,
Aulander, Colerain,
Kelford, Lewiston-
Woodville,
Powellsville, Roxobel,
Windsor
Medium County Board of Commissioners
Municipal Administrations
GF, NCDPS,
NFIP
B4 Accomplish the following during the next CAMA Land
Use Plan update:
!Establish more specific growth guidelines and
policies and specifically delineate sensitive
environmental areas for protection;
!Adopt a more limited policy on the types of uses
allowed within flood hazard areas;
!Adopt a policy to not extend public services and
utilities into flood hazard or other environmentally
sensitive areas to discourage growth.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12
Bertie Co., Askewville,
Aulander, Colerain,
Kelford, Lewiston-
Woodville,
Powellsville, Roxobel,
Windsor
Medium County Board of Commissioners
Municipal Administrations
GF, NCDEQ
NORTHEASTERN NCREGIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 6-8 J July 7, 2017
SECTION 6.MITIGATION STRATEGIES
Number Strategy
Goal
Addressed
(see page 6-3)
Hazard
Addressed
(see page 3-1)
Applicable
Jurisdictions Priority Responsible Party/Dept.
Funding
Sources
B5 Consider adopting a zoning ordinance that:
!Establishes zoning districts and sets standards for
future development.
!Includes standards for clustering of residential lot
development to help preserve flood hazard areas
from development.
!Includes a flood hazard overlay zone to ensure that
inappropriate development is adequately
controlled.
1, 6 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
11
Bertie Co.Medium County Board of Commissioners
County Administration
GF, NCDPS
B6 Consider adopting subdivision regulations that
include minimum standards for property divisions.
1,6 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
11
Bertie Co.Medium County Board of Commissioners
County Administration
GF
B7 Review and update the flood damage prevention
ordinance to:
!Ensure maximum protection from flood hazard
events.
!Raise the minimum finished floor elevation to at
least 2' above base flood elevation (BFE) to provide
more flood protection for new or substantially
improved structures.
!Consider prohibiting any fill within the 100-year
floodplain to discourage development.
!Prohibit enclosures to the lower areas of elevated
buildings, including breakaway walls.
!Continue to require and maintain FEMA elevation
certificates for all permits for new buildings or
improvements to buildings on lots including any
portion of the 100-year floodplain.
1, 2, 5 1, 2, 3, 10, 11 Bertie Co., Askewville,
Aulander, Colerain,
Kelford, Lewiston-
Woodville,
Powellsville, Roxobel,
Windsor
High County Board of Commissioners
County Administration
Municipal Administrations
GF, NFIP
B8 Inventory existing lots and structures within flood
hazard areas to establish baseline data regarding
current state of development within flood hazard
areas.
5 1, 2, 3, 10, 11 Bertie Co., Askewville,
Aulander, Colerain,
Kelford, Lewiston-
Woodville,
Powellsville, Roxobel,
Windsor
Medium County Administration
Municipal Administrations
GF, NFIP
NORTHEASTERN NCREGIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 6-9 July 7, 2017
SECTION 6.MITIGATION STRATEGIES
Number Strategy
Goal
Addressed
(see page 6-3)
Hazard
Addressed
(see page 3-1)
Applicable
Jurisdictions Priority Responsible Party/Dept.
Funding
Sources
B9 Identify repetitive flood loss properties for acquisition
and relocation. Seek Federal and State funding
(voluntary program).
3 1, 2, 3, 10, 11 Bertie Co., Askewville,
Aulander, Colerain,
Kelford, Lewiston-
Woodville,
Powellsville, Roxobel,
Windsor
High County Administration
Municipal Administrations
GF, NFIP
B10 Establish a coordinating committee to ensure that all
parties responsible for stormwater management
within the county communicate to ensure maximum
cooperation in developing and maintaining
stormwater drainage systems.
1, 2, 6 1, 2, 3, 10, 11 Bertie Co., Askewville,
Aulander, Colerain,
Kelford, Lewiston-
Woodville,
Powellsville, Roxobel,
Windsor
High County Administration
Municipal Administrations
GF, NCDEQ,
NCDPS
B11 Establish and maintain a coordinated debris
inspection and removal program.
4 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9 10, 11, 12
Bertie Co., Askewville,
Aulander, Colerain,
Kelford, Lewiston-
Woodville,
Powellsville, Roxobel,
Windsor
High County Administration
Municipal Administrations
GF, NCDPS
B12 Review rebuilding activities in wake of recent
hurricanes and flooding and establish
policies/procedures for minimizing repetitive flood
losses.
1, 2, 5 1, 2, 3, 10, 11 Bertie Co., Askewville,
Aulander, Colerain,
Kelford, Lewiston-
Woodville,
Powellsville, Roxobel,
Windsor
High County Board of Commissioners
County Administration
Municipal Administrations
GF, NFIP,
NCDPS
B13 Advise/assist property owners in retrofitting homes
and businesses.
1, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 10, 11 Bertie Co., Askewville,
Aulander, Colerain,
Kelford, Lewiston-
Woodville,
Powellsville, Roxobel,
Windsor
High County Administration
Municipal Administrations
GF, SBA,
NCDPS
B14 Continue to support enforcement of the NC State
Building Code.
1, 2, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12
Bertie Co., Askewville,
Aulander, Colerain,
Kelford, Lewiston-
Woodville,
Powellsville, Roxobel,
Windsor
High County Building Inspections
Municipal Administrations
GF
NORTHEASTERN NCREGIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 6-10 July 7, 2017
SECTION 6.MITIGATION STRATEGIES
Number Strategy
Goal
Addressed
(see page 6-3)
Hazard
Addressed
(see page 3-1)
Applicable
Jurisdictions Priority Responsible Party/Dept.
Funding
Sources
B15 Support Bertie County in maintaining a hazard
warning system to alert citizens of the possibility of a
natural hazard event.
1, 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12
Bertie Co., Askewville,
Aulander, Colerain,
Kelford, Lewiston-
Woodville,
Powellsville, Roxobel,
Windsor
High County Emergency Management
County Board of Commissioners
Municipal Administrations
GF, NCDPS
B16 Continue to monitor trees and branches in public area
at risk of breaking or falling in windstorms, or any
other natural hazardous event.
1, 2 1, 4, 5 Bertie Co., Askewville,
Aulander, Colerain,
Kelford, Lewiston-
Woodville,
Powellsville, Roxobel,
Windsor
High County Administration
Municipal Administrations
GF, Electric
Service
Providers
NORTHEASTERN NCREGIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 6-11 July 7, 2017
Appendix D
Policy/Implementing Action
Definitions of Common Terms
1.Should:An officially adopted course or method of action intended to be followed to
implement the community goals. Though not mandatory as “shall,” it is still an obligatory
course of action unless clear reasons can be identified that an exception is warranted.
Town staff and Planning Board involved at all levels from planning to implementation.
2.Continue:Follow past and present procedures to maintain desired goal,usually with Town
staff involved at all levels from planning to implementation.
3.Encourage: Foster the desired goal through Town policies. Could involve Town financial
assistance.
4.Enhance:Improve current goal to a desired state through the use of policies and Town
staff at all levels of planning. This could include financial support.
5.Identify:Catalog and confirm resource or desired item(s)through the use of Town staff and
actions.
6.Implement: Actions to guide the accomplishment of the Plan recommendations.
7.Maintain: Keep in good condition the desired state of affairs through the use of Town
policies and staff. Financial assistance should be provided if needed.
8.Prevent:Stop described event through the use of appropriate Town policies,staff actions,
Planning Board actions, and Town finances, if needed.
9.Promote:Advance the desired state through the use of Town policies and Planning Boards
and staff activity at all levels of planning. This may include financial support.
10.Protect:Guard against a deterioration of the desired state through the use of Town policies,
staff, and, if needed, financial assistance.
11.Provide:Take the lead role in supplying the needed financial and staff support to achieve
the desired goal. The Town is typically involved in all aspects from planning to
implementation to maintenance.
12.Strengthen:Improve and reinforce the desired goal through the use of Town policies,staff,
and, if necessary, financial assistance.
13.Support:Supply the needed staff support,policies,and financial assistance at all levels to
achieve the desired goal.
14.Work:Cooperate and act in a manner through the use of Town staff,actions,and policies
to create the desired goal.
Appendix E: Town of Windsor Soil Characteristics
Map
Symbol Soil Series Dwellings with Basements Local Roads and Streets Septic Tank Absorption Fields Erosion
Total
Acreage % of Total
AtA*Altavista Very limited: flooding,
depth to saturated zone
Somewhat limited: low
strength, depth to saturated
zone, flooding
Very limited: depth to
saturated zone, seepage, slow
water movement, flooding
Slight 179.5 2.3%
Au*Augusta Very limited: flooding,
depth to saturated zone
Somewhat limited: low
strength, depth to saturated
zone, flooding
Very limited: depth to
saturated zone, slow water
movement, flooding
Slight
49.9 0.6%
BB*Bibb Very limited: flooding,
depth to saturated zone
Very limited: depth to
saturated zone, flooding
Very limited: flooding, depth
to saturated zone, seepage
Slight 190.9 2.4%
BoB*Bonneau Somewhat limited: depth
to saturated zone
Not limited Somewhat limited: depth to
saturated zone, slow water
movement
Slight 10.3 0.1%
Ch*Chewacla Very limited: flooding,
depth to saturated zone
Very limited: flooding, low
strength, depth to saturated
zone
Very limited: flooding, depth
to saturated zone, seepage,
slow water movement
Slight 2.6 0.0%
CnB Conetoe Not limited Not limited Very limited: seepage Slight 447.8 5.6%
CrA Craven Very limited: shrink-swell,
depth to saturated zone
Very limited: low strength,
shrink-swell
Very limited: slow water
movement, depth to
saturated zone, seepage
Slight 380.2 4.8%
CrB*Craven Very limited: shrink-swell,
depth to saturated zone
Very limited: low strength,
shrink-swell
Very limited: slow water
movement, depth to
saturated zone, seepage
Moderate 678.2 8.5%
CrC*Craven Very limited: shrink-swell,
depth to saturated zone
Very limited: low strength,
shrink-swell
Very limited: slow water
movement, depth to
saturated zone, seepage
Moderate 161.9 2.0%
DgA Dogue Very limited: shrink-swell,
depth to saturated zone
Very limited: low strength,
shrink-swell, depth to saturated
zone
Very limited: depth to
saturated zone, slow water
movement, seepage
Slight 186.8 2.3%
DgB Dogue Very limited: shrink-swell,
depth to saturated zone
Very limited: low strength,
shrink-swell, depth to saturated
zone
Very limited: depth to
saturated zone, slow water
movement, seepage
Moderate 67.0 0.8%
DgC*Dogue Very limited: shrink-swell,
depth to saturated zone,
slope
Very limited: low strength,
shrink-swell, slope, depth to
saturated zone
Very limited: depth to
saturated zone, slow water
movement, seepage, slope
Severe 11.7 0.1%
Map
Symbol Soil Series Dwellings with Basements Local Roads and Streets Septic Tank Absorption Fields Erosion
Total
Acreage % of Total
Dk*Dorovan Very limited: ponding,
subsidence, flooding,
depth to saturated zone
Very limited: ponding, depth to
saturated zone, subsidence,
flooding
Very limited: flooding,
ponding, depth to saturated
zone, subsidence, seepage
Slight 1,021.2 12.8%
GoA*Goldsboro Very limited: depth to
saturated zone
Not limited Very limited: depth to
saturated zone, slow water
movement
Slight 19.0 0.2%
Lf*Leaf Very limited: depth to
saturated zone, shrink-
swell
Very limited: depth to
saturated zone, low strength,
shrink-swell
Very limited: slow water
movement, depth to
saturated zone
Slight 758.4 9.5%
Ln*Lenoir Somewhat limited: depth
to saturated zone, shrink-
swell
Very limited: low strength,
shrink-swell, depth to saturated
zone
Very limited: slow water
movement, depth to
saturated zone
Slight 1,015.2 12.7%
Na*Nahunta Very limited: depth to
saturated zone
Very limited: low strength,
depth to saturated zone
Very limited: depth to
saturated zone, slow water
movement
Slight 6.7 0.1%
NoA Norfolk Somewhat limited: depth
to saturated zone
Somewhat limited: low strength Somewhat limited: depth to
saturated zone, slow water
movement
Slight 130.4 1.6%
NoB Norfolk Somewhat limited: depth
to saturated zone
Somewhat limited: low strength Somewhat limited: depth to
saturated zone, slow water
movement
Slight 83.9 1.1%
Ra*Rains Very limited: depth to
saturated zone
Very limited: depth to
saturated zone, low strength
Very limited: depth to
saturated zone, slow water
movement
Slight 54.5 0.7%
Ro*Roanoke Very limited: flooding,
depth to saturated zone,
shrink-swell
Very limited: depth to
saturated zone, flooding, low
strength, shrink-swell
Very limited: flooding, slow
water movement, depth to
saturated zone, seepage
Slight 912.1 11.4%
Se*Seabrook Very limited: flooding,
depth to saturated zone
Somewhat limited: flooding Very limited: depth to
saturated zone, seepage,
filtering capacity, flooding
Slight 97.8 1.2%
TaB Tarboro Very limited: flooding Somewhat limited: flooding Very limited: filtering capacity,
seepage, flooding
Slight 36.8 0.5%
Ud Udorthents Not limited Not limited Somewhat limited: slow water
movement
Slight 36.8 0.5%
Map
Symbol Soil Series Dwellings with Basements Local Roads and Streets Septic Tank Absorption Fields Erosion
Total
Acreage % of Total
Wa*Wahee Very limited: flooding,
depth to saturated zone,
shrink-swell
Very limited: low strength,
depth to saturated zone,
shrink-swell, flooding
Very limited: slow water
movement, depth to
saturated zone, seepage,
flooding
Slight 330.6 4.1%
WkA Wickham Very limited: flooding Somewhat limited: flooding Somewhat limited: slow water
movement, flooding
Moderate 197.7 2.5%
WkB Wickham Very limited: flooding Somewhat limited: flooding Somewhat limited: slow water
movement, flooding
Moderate 482.3 6.1%
WkC*Wickham Very limited: flooding Somewhat limited: flooding Somewhat limited: slow water
movement, flooding, slope
Moderate 62.1 0.8%
WmB Wickham Very limited: flooding Somewhat limited: flooding Somewhat limited: slow water
movement, flooding
Moderate 289.1 3.6%
WtD*Winton Somewhat limited: slope,
depth to saturated zone
Somewhat limited: slope Very limited: depth to
saturated zone, slow water
movement, slope
Moderate 38.1 0.5%
w Water 30.2 0.4%
TOTAL 7,969.7 100.0%
*Hydric soils.
Source: Soil Survey of Bertie County, North Carolina.
Appendix F
Potential Enhancement Recommendations
2013 Parks & Recreation Master Plan
The following provides potential enhancement recommendations presented for each of the Town’s
park/recreational facilities:
Rotary Park
!Vegetation clearing
!500' trail (structure soil trail - crusher fines under vibratory plate compactor)
!Pedestrian scaled lighting (6 spaced at 80')
!Historic placards
Elm Street Campground
!Unit Site Selection and Construction
"After clearing the trail/road,the design team should mark the perimeter of each unit
"Clear the marked perimeter of each unit
"Leave vegetation and trees between sites intact as buffers and barriers
"Be considerate of uneven ground and drainage issues for each site
"Rehabilitate existing RV sites
"Site #2 has the “living site” on the wrong side - should be to the right of the RV
"Include border around each RV site
"Incorporate vegetation inside existing RV loop fro added privacy
!Primitive Camping Unit Size
"Sites should be spacious with a level of privacy. May include camp furniture such
as picnic tables, grills, established fire pits, and lantern hangers.
"Unit size on average should be 25 x 25 ft or 625 square ft - good for the average
family (1.8 children)
-Camp units do not have to all be the same size and shape
-Variety of sizes will help accommodate different types of equipment and
campers
-Recommend one large group site
-Great for summer camps,boy scouts/girl scouts, family reunions,
organizational camp outs, etc.
-Include large fire pit for group camp site
"Recommend surfacing unit sites with reinforced material
!Unit Furniture
"Picnic tables
-Use side of table to label each camp unit
"Established fire pits/grills
-Ground level, tilt back grill set on cement
-Provides designated fire pits which alleviates clean-up challenges
-When grill grate is in upright position it should not be between the picnic
table and the campfire
-Should be placed 5 to 6 feet away from the picnic table
"Lantern hangers
!New Restroom/Shower Facility
"Full-service shower facility with men/women units
!Park Amenities
"Most RV parks offer a variety of amenities for its users. Amenities that are
recommended for this campground include:
-Dog pick-up stations
-Recreation area or sport courts (horseshoe pits)
-Interpretative signage
Livermon Park and Mini Zoo
!Upgrade restrooms
!New playground equipment
Cashie Wetland Walk and Canoe Trail
!Rehabilitation of concrete walk
!Connection to NC Birding Trail
!New canoes/kayaks (five in process)
!New wayfinding signage on canoe trail
!Directional signage for canoe trail
Roanoke/Cashie River Center
!River walk maintenance
!Additional canoe/kayak launch
Sutton Drive Tennis Courts
!Court resurfacing (complete)
!Additional trash receptacles
Proposed New Facilities
!Cashie Memorial Park
"Plans include a covered picnic area,a canoe/kayak launch,passive open space,and
a fishing area
!Windsor Greenway
"10-foot asphalt multi-use path