CAMA Core Land Use Plan-2008 (2)

VILLAGE OF BALD HEAD ISLAND
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CAMA CORE LAND USE PLAN
Adopted by the Village of Bald Head Island Village Council: April 11, 2008
Certified by the Coastal Resources Commission: May 22, 2008
Prepared by:
ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
Wilmington, North Carolina
The preparation of this document was financed in part through a grant provided by the North
Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management
Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

VILLAGE OF BALD HEAD ISLAND
' CAMA CORE LAND USE PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE .
PREFACE.............................. ........... ............. .......i
SECTION I. INTRODUCTION . ..........................................
SECTION II. HISTORY .................... .... . ................... ....
2
SECTION III. REGIONAL SETTING ......... ............ ....... .... .....
5
SECTION IV. BALD HEAD ISLAND CONCERNS/ASPIRATIONS .....................
7
A. KEY ISSUES ....... ................ .. ..........................
7
:. B. VILLAGE OF BALD HEAD ISLAND COMMUNITY VISION ....................
8
SECTION V.. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING AND EMERGING CONDITIONS
9
A. POPULATION, HOUSING, AND ECONOMY .........:...:..........:.....
9
Village of Bald Head Island Permanent Population .................... ..
9
a. Village of Bald Head Island and Brunswick County ..................
9
b. Population Profile . .... .......... .... .. ..........
C. Population Summary .............. ......................
14
. 2. Housing ...................................... ............
.15
a. Housing Occupancy and Tenure ....... . ....................
15.
b. Age of Structure .......................................... 1.
16
C. Housing Conditions ... ....:........ ...................
1.8.
d. Units in Structure .........................................
19
e. Housing Summary ....................... ...... , ........
20
3. Employment and Economy ........................................
21.
a. General Economic Indicators ............ _ ..................
21
b. Household Income .........................................
21
c. Employment by Industry ........ ........... ..............
22
d. Employment Commuting Patterns .............................
23
e. Industries ...............................................
24
f. Employment and Economy Summary ........... .... .
24
4. Population Projections .....................................:.....
25
B. NATURAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS ....................` .............. .....
25
Mapping and Analysis of Natural Features . ........... "...............
25
a. Topography ............... ..........................
25
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE -i-'

b. Climate .................................................
26
C. Flood Zones/Storm Surge ..................................
27
d. Man-made Hazards ........................................
34
e. Soils ........................... ................ ....
35
f. Water Supply .... ...................... ...... .......
37
g. Fragile Areas .............................................
38
i. Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shorelines ...............
38
ii. Public Trust Areas ................. ..•......... ..
40
iii. Coastal Wetlands ............. .....................
41
iv. Ocean Beaches and Shorelines & Inlet Hazard Areas .......•
45.
V. Protected Land and Significant Natural Heritage Areas .....
49
vi. Outstanding Resource Waters ..........................
53
h. Areas of Resource Potential .................................
53
i. Regionally Significant Parks ............................
.53
ii. Marinas and Mooring Fields ............................
54
iii. Floating Homes ..................................
54
iv.. Channel Maintenance ...............................
54
V. Marine Resources (Water Quality) .....................
55
2.
Environmental Composite Map ....................................
58
3.
Environmental Conditions ........................................
61
a. Introduction ....... ........... .........................
61
b. Cape Fear River Basin .....................................
63
C. Hydrologic Unit 03030005 (Subbasin 03-06-17) .................
63
d. Summary of Water Quality Subbasin 03-06-17 ..................
64
i. Introduction .......................................
64
ii. Registered Animal Operations/Population Density within
Cape Fear River Basin ...............................
67
iii. Growth Trends .....................................
68
e. Wastewater Treatment Facilities .................... . .........
69
f. Natural Hazards ..........................................
69
g. Natural Resources ........................................
70
C. ANALYSIS OF LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT ..........................
71
I.
Existing Land Use .........:.....................................
71
2.
Land Use Conflicts ..............................................
74
3.
Development Trends ............................................
75
4.
Historical, Cultural, and Scenic Areas ....................:..........
76
5.
Land Use in Relation to Environmental Composite Map .................
76
6.
Land Use Demand Forecast .......................................
77
D. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING COMMUNITY FACILITIES/SERVICES ...............
78
1.
Transportation.................................................
78
2.
Health Care ...... ....................... ........ ........
79
3..
Police Department ...............................:..............
80
4.
Fire/EMS Services ................................................
80
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE A-

5. _ Administration ..... ..................... ..... ......... 81
6. Water System . .. .................... 81
7. Sewer System ...................... ...................... 82
8. Solid Waste ............ ..... 84
9. Schools . .............. .................. ............... 84
10. Recreation .................... ............................... 85
II. Post Office ....................................................... 85
12. Electric Service ................................................. 86
13. Stormwater Management ............... ..... ................. 86
a. Introduction ............................. ............. 86
b. Existing Drainage Problems ................................. 86
C. Water Quality Problems ..................................... 87
d. EPA Regulations .......................................:.. 87
e. .'Construction Activities ........ .. ....... 89
f. North Carolina Shoreline Buffering ........................... 89
E LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS (LSA) ........... ............ .... 90
F. CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES, AND REGULATIONS ........................ 93
I. Introduction................................................... 93
2. Buildings and Building Regulations (Chapter 6) ........................ 93
3. Environment (Chapter 10) ........................................ 94
4. Floods (Chapter. 14) .................................... ... 94,
5. Stormwater Management (Chapter 22) ............................. 95
6. Streets, Sidewalks,.and Other Public Places (Chapter 24) .............. 95
7. Subdivisions (Chapter 26) ......................................... 95
8. Utilities (Chapter 30) .............................................. 96
9. Zoning Ordinance (Chapter 32) ..... .... ....................... 96
10. Village of Bald Head Island Hazard Mitigation Plan ...................... 98
11. Village of Bald Head Island Stormwater Management Ordinance ........ 99
12. Village of Bald Head Island - Vision 2010 ............. .......:..... 99
13. -Village of Bald Head Island 2002 Long Range Plan ...................... 99
14. Review of the 1996 Brunswick County CAMA Land Use Plan .... .... 100
SECTION VI: PLAN FOR THE FUTURE ....................................... 103
A. FUTURE DEMANDS .................................................
103
I.
Introduction ................................................
103
2.
Housing Trends ................... ......... ... ......
103
3.
Commercial ...............................:..................
104
4.
Transportation .... .... ..... ...... ........... ........
104
5.
Public Land Use ... ..................... ...................
105
6.
Recreation .................................................
105
7.
Water System .................................................
106
8.,
Sewer System ......... ................. ... .......: ....
106
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE -iii-

9. —
Administration................................................
107
10.
Fire/EMS Services ... .......................................
107
11.
Police Department ...............................................
107
12.
Stormwater Management .......................................
107
B.
LAND
USE/DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND IMPLEMENTING ACTIONS ........
108
C.
POLICIES/IMPLEMENTING
ACTIONS .....................................
108
I.
Introduction..................................................
108
2.
Policies Regarding Land Use and Development in AECs ..............*..
III
D.
LAND
USE PLAN MANAGEMENT TOPICS ..............................
112
I.
Introduction ....................................... ..........
112
2.
Impact of CAMA Land Use Plan Policies on Management Topics .........
112
3.
Public Access .................................. .............
113
4.
Land Use Compatibility ...................................... I.114
S.
Infrastructure Carrying Capacity ..................................
119
6.
Transportation................................................
121
7.
Natural Hazard Areas ..........................................
123
8.
Water Quality .................................................
126
9.
Local Areas of Concern .........................................
131
E.
FUTURE LAND USE PLAN ............................................
136
I.
Introduction ..... ............................. .. ...........
136
2.
Future Land Use Map ...........................................
137
a. Introduction ............................................
137
b. Future Land Use Acreages .................................
139
3.
Descriptions of Future Land Use Categories ...........................
140
4.
Land Use -in Relation to Zoning ............... ..'................
145
5.
Land Demand Forecast (Carrying Capacity & Density/Intensity Analysis) ..
145
6.
Summary of General Principles Used to Develop the Land Use Plan ......
147
SECTION VII. TOOLS FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT ....................... 148
A. GUIDE FOR LAND USE DECISION MAKING ............................. 148
B. EXISTING DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM ................................. 148
C. ADDITIONAL TOOLS ................................................ 148
D. ACTION PLAN/SCHEDULE........................................... 148
1. Citizen Participation ........... •............... .. , ............ 148
2. Action Plan/Schedule ....................... .. ........:...... 149
E. RESOURCE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN/POSITIVE
AND NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON LAND USE PLAN POLICIES ........ .......... 151
TABLES
Table I Village of Bald Head Island and Brunswick County Population Growth by
County and Municipality ........................................ 9
Table 2 Village of Bald Head Island Seasonal Population, 2003 ............... .11
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE -iv-

Table "3
Village of Bald Head Island and Brunswick County Racial Composition ..
12
Table 4
Village of Bald Head Island and Brunswick County Age Composition ...
13
Table 5
Village of Bald Head Island and Brunswick County Educational.
Attainment, 2000...............................................
14
Table 6
Village of Bald Head Island and Brunswick County Housing Occupancy -
and Tenure,1990 and 2000 ............... ..................
15
Table 7
Village of Bald Head Island Housing Structure, 2000 ..................
16
Table 8
Village of Bald Head Island Building Permit Data ....................
17
Table 9
Village of Bald Head Island Improved and Unimproved Properties ..
18
Table 10
Village of Bald Head Island, Brunswick County, and North Carolina
Housing Conditions ...... - ................. ................
19
Table I I
Village of Bald Head Island and Brunswick County Units in Structure and
............. .........................
Mobile Home Count ..........................................
19
Table 12
Village of Bald Head Island Year Householder Moved into Unit ........
.20
Table 13
Village of Bald Head Island, Brunswick County, and North Carolina
Summary of Economic Indicators ... ........ ....... .......
21
Table 14
Village of Bald Head Island and Brunswick County Household Income ..
22
Table 15
Village of Bald Head Island Employment by Industry, 2000 ............
22
Table 16
Village of Bald Head Island Travel Times to Work ..................
23
Table 17
Village of Bald Head Island Permanent and Seasonal Population
Projections,2000-2025 ........................................
25
Table 18
Village of Bald Head Island Flood Zones in Acres ...................
30
Table 19'.
Village of Bald Head Island Storm Surge Inundation Acreage ..........
34
Table 20
Village of Bald Head Island Soil Conditions ...... _. .......:......
35
Table 21
Village of Bald Head Island Coastal Wetlands by Type and Aerial Extent
42
Table 22
Village of Bald Head Island Significant Natural Heritage Areas and
Protected Lands ............................ ......*.......
50.
Table 23
NC Division of Water Quality Water Body Classifications ............
55
Table 24
Village of Bald Head Island Listing of Water Bodies ..................
. 56..
Table 25
Village of Bald Head Island Environmental Composite Map Layers .....
58
Table 26
Village of Bald Head Island Environmental Composite Acreage ........
59
Table 27
Characteristics of Subbasin 03-06-17 .............................
64
Table 28
Cape Fear River Basin - Subbasin 03-06-17 Registered Animal
67
Operations.................................................
Table 29
Cape Fear River Basin Population Density .........................
67
Table 30
Village of Bald Head Island Developable Land Use Acreage within Flood
Hazard Areas ........................... .. . .... .... .
70
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE -v-

Table 31 Village of Bald Head Island Existing Land Use .:.................... 72
Table 32 Village of Bald Head Island Zoning Classification of Undeveloped
Properties........... ........... .........................
lb
Table 33
Village of Bald Head Island Undeveloped Land in Relation to
Environmental Composite Analysis (Class 1-III) .....................
77
Table 34
Village of Bald Head Island Residential Land Use Demand Estimates ....
78
Table 35-
Schools Serving the Village's School Age Children ..................
84
Table 36
Land Suitability Analysis Criteria Table ...........................
91
Table 37
Village of Bald Head Island LSA Acreage ..........................
93
Table 38
Village of Bald Head Island Future Land Use Acreages ...............
140
Table 39
Village of Bald Head Island Infrastructure System Demand Based on
Residential Land Demand Forecast ........... ..........I.......
147
Table 40
Village of Bald Head Island Policy Analysis Matrix ...................
152
MAPS
Map I Village of Bald Head Island Regional Location Map . I ................. 6
Map 2 Village of Bald Head Island Flood Hazard ......................... 29
Map 3 Village of Bald Head Island SLOSH Model Storm Surge - Fast Moving ... 31
Map 4 Village of Bald Head Island SLOSH Model Storm Surge -.Slow Moving .. 32
Map 5 Village of Bald Head Island Soils Classification ...................... 36
Map 6 Village of Bald Head Island AECs - Wetlands ....................... 43
Map 7 Village. of Bald Head Island Long -Term Average Annual Shoreline Change
and Setback Factors.. ....................................
47
Map 8
Village of Bald. Head Island Protected Lands .......................
51
Map 9
Village of Bald Head Island Significant Natural Heritage Areas .........
52
Map 10
Village of Bald Head Island Locations of Water Bodies ...............
57
Map I I
Village of Bald Head Island Environmental Composite ...............
60
Map 12
Village of Bald Head Island North Carolina River Basins and Subbasins ..
62
Map 13
Village of Bald Head Island Existing Land Use ......................
73 .
Map 14
Village of Bald Head Island Existing Infrastructure ...................
83
Map 15
Village of Bald Head Island Areas of Stormwater Concern ............
88
Map 16
Village of Bald Head Island Land Suitability Analysis .................
92
Map 17
Village of Bald Head Island Future Land Use Map ...................
138
CHARTS
Chart I Village of Bald Head Island Age Composition .. 13
Chart 2 Village of Bald Head Island Year Structure Built ..................... 17
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE -vi-

APPENDICES
Appendix I
Village of Bald Head Island Citizen Participation Plan
Appendix II
Village of Bald Head Island Issues Identification
Appendix III
Village of Bald Head Island Property Owners Survey Results
Appendix IV
Village of Bald Head Island Hazard Mitigation Plan Mitigation Strategies
Appendix V
Policy/Implementing Action Definitions of Common Terms
Appendix VI
Operational (On -Site) Systems Maintained by Utilities Department
Appendix VII
Information Regarding South and West Beach Damages

MATRIX OF REQUIRED ELEMENTS
ELEMENT
CAMA CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(a) Organization of the Plan
page i and
(b) Community Concerns and Aspirations
(1) Significant Existing and Emerging Conditions
page 7
(2) Key Issues
page 7
(3) A Community Vision
page 8
(c) Analysis of Existing and Emerging Conditions
(1) Population, Housing, and Economy
pages 9-15
(A) Population:
(i) Permanent population growth trends using data from
page 9
the two most recent decennial Censuses;"
(ii) Current permanent and seasonal population estimates;
page I I
(iii) Key population characteristics;
pages I 1-12
(iv) Age; and
page 13
(v) Income
(B) Housing Stock:
(i) Estimate of current housing stock, including permanent
pages 15-21
and seasonal units, tenure, and types of units (single-
family, multi -family, and manufactured); and
(ii) Building permits issued for single-family, multi -family,
page 17
and manufactured homes since last plan update
(C) Local Economy
pages 21-24
D Projections
page 25
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE -viii-

CAMA CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(2) Natural Systems Analysis
pages 25-57
(A) Mapping and Analysis of Natural Features
(i) Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs);
pages 38-49
(ii) Soil characteristics, including limitations for septic tanks,
pages 35-36
erodibility, and other factors related to development;
(iii) Environmental "Management Commission water quality
pages 55-57
classifications and related use support designations, and
Division of Environmental Health shellfish growing areas
and water quality conditions;
(iv) Flood and other natural hazard areas;
pages 27-30
(v) Storm surge areas;
pages 30-34
(vi) Non -coastal wetlands including forested wetlands,
shrub -scrub wetlands, and freshwater marshes;
(vii) Water supply watersheds or wellhead protection areas;
page 37
(viii) Primary nursery areas, where mapped;.
(ix) Environmentally fragile areas; and
pages 38 -
(x) Additional natural features or conditions identified by
pages 49-55
the local government.
(B) Composite Map of Environmental Conditions:
pages 58-60
(i) Class
(ii) Class II
iii Class III

ICAMA CORE LAND USE ELEMENT I DISCUSSED I
(C) Environmental Conditions
(i) Water Quality: pages 63-68
(1) Status and changes of surface water quality,
including impaired streams from the most recent
NC Division of water Quality Basinwide Water
Quality Plans, 303(d) List and other comparable
data;
(II) Current situation and trends on permanent and
temporary closures of shellfishing waters as
determined by the Report of Sanitary Survey by the
Shellfish Sanitation Section of the NC Division of
Environmental Health;
(111) Areas experiencing chronic wastewater treatment
system malfunctions; and
(IV) Areas with water quality or public health problems.
related to non -point source pollution
(ii) Natural Hazards: pages 69-70
(1) Areas subject to storm hazards such as recurrent
flooding, storm surges, and high winds;
(11) Areas experiencing significant shoreline erosion as
evidenced by the presence of threatened structures
or public facilities; and
(111) Where data is available, estimates of public and
private damage resulting from floods and wind that
has occurred since the last plan update
(iii) Natural Resources: page 70
(1) - Environmentally fragile areas or areas where
resource functions may be impacted as a result of
development; and
(11) Areas containing potentially valuable natural
resources
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE -x-

ELEMENT _
CAMA CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(3) Analysis of Land Use and Development
(A)
A map of land including the following: residential, .
page 73
commercial, industrial, institutional, public, dedicated open
space, agriculture, forestry, confined,animal feeding
operations, and undeveloped;
(B)
The land use analysis shall including the following:
(i) Table that shows estimates of the land area allocated to
page 72
each land use; ,
(ii), Description of any land use conflicts;
page 74
(iii) Description of any land use -water quality conflicts;
(iv) Description of development trends using indicators; and
page 75
(v) Location of areas expected to experience development
pages 76-77
during the five years following plan certification by the
CRC and a description of any potential conflicts with
Class II or. Class III land identified in the natural systems
analysis
(C)
Historic, cultural, and scenic areas designated by a state or
page 76
federal agency or by local government
(D)
Projections of future land needs
pages 77-78
(4) Analysis of Community Facilities
(A)
Public and Private Water Supply and Wastewater Systems
pages 81-83
(B)
Transportation. Systems
pages 78-79
(C)
Stormwater Systems
pages 86-90
(D)
Other Facilities
pages 79-86
(5) Land Suitability Analysis
pages 91-93
(A)
Water quality;
(B)
Land Classes I, II, and III summary environmental analysis;
(C)
Proximity to existing developed areas and compatibility
with existing land uses;
(D)
Potential impacts of development on areas and sites
designated by local historic commission or the NC
Department of Cultural Resources as historic, culturally
significant, or scenic;
(E)
Land use and development requirements of local
development regulations, CAMA Use Standards and other
applicable state regulations, and applicable federal
regulations; and _
(F)
Availability of community facilities, including water, sewer,
stormwater, and transportation
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE -xi

ELEMENT
CAMA CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(6) Review of Current CAMA Land Use Plan
pages 93-102
(A)
Consistency of existing land use and development
ordinances with current CAMA Land Use Plan policies;
(B)
Adoption of the land use plan's implementation measures by
the governing body; and
(C)
Efficacy of current policies in creating desired land use
patterns and protecting natural systems
(d) Plan for the Future
pages 103-147
(1) Land Use and Development Goals:
(A)
Community concerns and aspirations identified at the
beginning of the planning process;
(B)
Needs and opportunities identified in the analysis of existing
and emerging conditions
(2) Policies:
pages 1 12-136
(A)
Shall be consistent with the goals of the CAMA, shall address
the CRC management topics for land use plans, and comply
with all state and federal rules;
(B)
Shall contain a description of the type and extent of analysis
completed to determine the impact of CAMA Land Use Plan
policies on the management topics, a description of both
positive and negative impacts of the land use plan policies on
the management topics, and a description of the policies,
methods, programs, and processes to mitigate any negative
impacts on applicable management topics;
(C)
Shall contain a clear statement that the governing body
either accepts state and federal law regarding land uses and
development in AECs or, that the local government's
policies exceed the requirements of state and federal
agencies.
(3) Land Use Plan Management Topics.
(A)
Public Access
page 113
(B)
Land Use Compatibility
page 114
(C)
Infrastructure Carrying Capacity
page 119
(D)
Natural Hazard Areas
page 123
(E)
Water Quality
page 126
F
Local -Areas of Concern
page 131
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE -xii-

ELEMENT
CAMA CORE LAND USE ELEMENT DISCUSSED
(4) Future Land Use Map pages 137-145
(A) 14-digit hydrological units encompassed by the planning
area;
(B) . Areas and locations planned for conservation or open space
and a description of compatible land use and activities;
(C) Areas and locations planned for future growth and
development with descriptions of the following
characteristics:
(i) Predominant and supporting land uses that are
encouraged in each area;
(ii) Overall density and development intensity planned for
each area;
(ii i) Infrastructure required to support planned development
in each area
(D) Areas in existing developed areas for infill, preservation,
and redevelopment;
(E) Existing and planned infrastructure, including major roads,
water, and sewer
In addition, the plan shall include an estimate of the cost of any pages 145-147
community facilities or services that shall be extended or
developed. The amount of land allocated to various uses shall be
calculated and compared to the projection of land needs. The
amount of land area thus allocated to various uses may not exceed
projected needs as delineated in Part (c)(3)(A)(iv) - Projection of
Future Land Needs.
(e) Tools for Managing Development
(1)
Guide for Land Use Decision -Making
page 148
(2)
Existing Development Program
page 148
(3)
Tools.
page 148
_Additional
(A) Ordinances:
(i) Amendments or adjustments in existing development
codes required for consistency with the plan;
(ii) New ordinances or codes to be developed
(B) Capital Improvements Program
(C) Acquisition Program
(D) Specific Projects to Reach Goals
(4)
Action Plan/Schedule
pages 148-150
(5)
Resource Conservation Management Action Plan/Positive and
pages 151-161
Negative Impacts of Land Use Plan Policies
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE -xiii-

PREFACE
A. WHY IS A PLAN NEEDED?
This plan is intended to fulfill the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) requirements for the
preparation of a CAMA Core Land Use Plan. This plan is organized to adhere to the 15A NCAC
713 requirements.
In addition to the CAMA requirements, there are other reasons to plan. The Village of Bald Head
Island has a great deal of influence on the way in which the village develops. The buildings,
facilities, and improvements provided by the Village of Bald Head Island affect the daily lives of its
citizens, give form to the village, and stimulate or retard the development of privately -owned land.
In addition, the workings of the real estate market help determine the uses of private land, but
these uses are regulated by Bald Head Island. The village has an opportunity to coordinate the
overall pattern of physical development.
Once this plan is adopted, the village must realize that the plan is not the end of the process. The
Village of Bald Head Island must continuously work at accomplishing plan implementation and
establishing an effective planning program. The village must view the preparation of this
document as the first step in a continually evolving process.
B. WHAT IS CAMA?
CAMA is the North Carolina -Coastal Area Management Act (N.C.G.S. 113A-100, et seq.), which
establishes . a cooperative program of coastal area management between local and state
governments. The Act, originally passed in 1974 and since amended, states that local governments
shall have the initiative for planning, while the state government establishes areas of environmental
concern. With regard to planning, the state government is directed to. act primarily in a
supportive, standard -setting, and review capacity, except in situations where local governments
do not elect to exercise their initiative.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE i

In addition, the CAMA establishes the Coastal Resource Commission within the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, whose duties include approval of Coastal Habitat Protection
Plans and designation of Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC). After designation of these areas,
the Commission is responsible for issuing all permits (Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Coastal Services Center).
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE ii

SECTION I. INTRODUCTION
This Fiscal Year 2004/2006 CAMA Land Use Plan is prepared in accordance with the requirements
of the North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA).. Specifically, this document
complies with Subchapter 7B, "CAMA Land Use Planning Requirements," of the North Carolina
Administrative Code, as amended, August I, 2002.
The 7B guidelines provide that each of the twenty coastal counties prepare and adopt a CAMA
Land Use Plan that meets the planning requirements adopted by the Coastal Resources
Commission (CRC). If a county chooses not to prepare a plan, the guidelines specify that the CRC
will prepare and adopt a CAMA Land Use Plan for that county.
In general, 7B requires that a plan include analysis of existing and emerging conditions, a plan for
the future including specific land use/development goals/policies, and -tools for managing
development. The management tools must specify the actions which the Village of Bald Head
Island will take to ensure implementation of this plan. Hereinafter, the Village of Bald Head Island
will be referred to as the Village.
At the beginning of the preparation of this document, the Village adopted a Citizen Participation
Plan which is intended to ensure that all interested citizens have an opportunity to participate in
the development of this plan through both oral and written comments. A copy of the Citizen
Participation Plan is included as Appendix I.
Following adoption of the plan by the Bald Head Island Village Council, it was submitted to the .
CRC for certification. Certification of the plan was achieved on May 22, 2008.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE

SECTION 11. HISTORY
The Village's history is peppered with colorful people and connections. Through the years, the
island has been a breeding ground for wild boar, a prime hangout for bootleggers, a supplier of
materials for cedar pencils, a Civil War fort, a nesting ground for loggerhead turtles, and a produce
farm and fruit orchard. Pirates, lighthouse keepers, Indians, river pilots, ruffians, soldiers, farmers,
and entrepreneurs of all types have come and gone, and yet, the Village's essence is unchanged.
This can only be because the island itself is a living thing, with its own integrity and spirit, its wild
beauty more or less disregarding man's inclination to tinker.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, when pirates ruled the waters off the coast of North Carolinawith
greed and terror, the Village was a favorite refuge and base for these notorious buccaneers. In
all, the waters surrounding Cape Fear were a hideaway for hundreds of pirates, the most famous
of which were Edward Teach, better known as Blackbeard, and Stede Bonnet, the gentleman
pirate.
Bonnet, the so-called "Gentleman Pirate" from Barbados, was an educated retired military officer
who turned to piracy in 1717 as a second career in order to escape what one historian tactfully
referred to as "the discomforts he found in a married state." During his short stint as a pirate,
Bonnet terrorized the Carolina and Virginia coasts aboard his sailing sloop Revenge with 10 guns
and 70 men. For a brief time, Bonnet even linked up with Blackbeard, a pirate who never carried
the title "gentleman." In 1718 Blackbeard was cornered and killed -aboard his sloop, Adventure,
by two warships sent by the governor of Virginia. Just three weeks later, Bonnet was captured at
Bonnet's Creek in Southport by Colonel William Rhett of South Carolina and hanged near
Charlestown. Their deaths marked a dramatic end to the Golden Age of Piracy in North Carolina.
Long before pirates ever discovered the Village's nooks and crannies, Native Americans hunted
Bald Head Island and fished its surrounding waters in the spring and summer while maintaining
permanent settlements on the mainland. The island was, in effect, a seasonal retreat for the
Native Americans when supplies of corn or grain began running low.
Early river pilots were responsible forgiving the Village its unique and descriptive name. Eager to
offer their navigational services to ships approaching the entrance to the. Cape Fear River, they
took up watch on a high dune headland on the southwest point of the island. According to local
lore, the headland was worn bare of vegetation, making it stand out in contrast to the forest
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 2

behind it. This "bald" headland served as a reference point for ships entering the river, and the" -
name Bald Head Island has endured.
The year 1817 saw the construction of the island's most revered landmark and symbol, Old Baldy
Lighthouse. Still the island's only "highrise," Old Baldy lighthouse was the second of three
lighthouses built on Bald Head Island, and is the only one remaining. In 1903, the lighthouse was
decommissioned when the Cape Fear Light was erected on the eastern end of the island, but it
still serves as a prominent day marker for mariners. Due to restoration efforts by the Old Baldy
Foundation and the generosity of hundreds of contributors, visitors to North Carolina's oldest
lighthouse can climb up her 108 steps for a spectacular panoramic view of Bald Head Island.
The foundation of the. Cape Fear Light can still be seen at the end of Federal Road across from
three lightkeeper's cottages known as Captain Charlie's Station, after Captain Charles Norton
Swan, a lighthouse keeper who lived with his family on Bald Head Island from 1903 until 1933.
Captain Charlie's Station is listed in the National Register of Historic Places, and still commands
a sweeping view of the dunes and sea at the island's southeastern point.
In addition to lightkeepers, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries the island was home to
members of the U.S. Lifesaving Service, the predecessor to the modern day Coast Guard. Several
buildings on the southeastern shore of the island overlooking Frying Pan Shoals served as
equipment storage and housing for the servicemen. The only remaining Lifesaving Station
structure is a boathouse that was moved from the beachfront to back among the dunes where it
is now a private residence.
Another symbol of the past presence of lightkeepers and lifesaving servicemen on the island is the
Old Boat House on Bald Head Creek, built in 1903 to store supplies and boats. A dramatic change
in the shape of the creek channel over the last ninety years makes it appear to have moved several
hundred yards.
The most notable feature on the 1864 Blackford map (established by B.L. Blackford) was Fort
Holmes, located on the Bald Head promontory at the southwest corner of the island. Most of
what we know regarding the fort can be gathered from a detailed sketch of its layout prepared
in 1865. In addition, several firsthand accounts prepared by officers at Fort Holmes are extant.
The fort had been hurriedly erected in 1863 and 1864 as part of a defense system for the lower
Cape Fear. The string of forts from Bald Head to Wilmington kept the river, the "lifeline of the
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 3

Confederacy," open for blockade runners. Given the presence of two navigable entrances, that
at Bald Head and a second above Smith Island at New Inlet, the river was ideal for such traffic.,
The sketch of Fort Holmes prepared by Federal occupation forces in 1865 indicates that the
.earthen breastworks extended the width of the island from the lighthouse to the southwest tip
at Bald Head. A road to the opposite end of the island ran through the upper part of the fort. The
earthen works, it was noted, were reinforced with palmetto and oak logs. Four batteries
extended along the east side of the fort. The fifth and largest, Battery Holmes, with bombproof
magazines, was at the island's southwesternmost point. A flagstaff was positioned on the Bald
Head promontory. Quarters and storehouses were located in several spots inside the fort.
Despite subtle shifts in sand and sea, Bald Head Island remains much as it was centuries ago. It still
serves as a natural sanctuary for educators and students interested in coastal ecology, a home for
a special breed of permanent residents that share a kinship of spirit with the hardy, independent
lightkeepers and, servicemen of days long past, and a refuge for vacationers seeking privacy and
rejuvenation in a beautiful, relaxed setting.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 4

SECTION III. REGIONAL SETTING
The Village is the southernmost of North Carolina's cape islands, and is located at the mouth of
the Cape Fear River. The island sits off of the North Carolina Coast adjacent to the City of
Southport and Oak Island. Reaching the island involves a 20-minute passenger ferry ride which
transports you from the ferry terminal at Indigo Plantation and Marina in Southport, N.C., to the
harbor at the Village. This trip covers a distance of two nautical miles.
In order to reach the ferry terminal you must travel down NC Highway 211 to Southport.
Southport is located 30 miles south of Wilmington, N.C., and 60 miles north of Myrtle Beach, S.C.
From points west, Interstate 40 and Highway 74/76 link the region directly with 1-95. Entering
Southport on Route 211 (Howe Street), turn right onto West 9th Street and continue to the ferry
landing. The ferry service to and from the Village runs year round on a consistent basis. Map I
provides the regional location and ferry route for the Village.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 5

Source: North Carolina Center for Geographic Information,
Brunswick County GIS, Holland Consulting Planners
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
OF .
A�
MAP 1
Legend
NC County Boundary
Brunswick County
Village Corporate Limits
Southport Corporate Limits
^� Bald Head Island Ferry Route
'ti NC DOT Roads
Village of Bald Head Island
ol�aa� Consulting Planners, Inc.
Regional Location Page

SECTION IV. BALD HEAD ISLAND CONCERNS/ASPIRATIONS
A. KEY ISSUES
-On January 17, 2005, the Village conducted a publicly advertised meeting with the purpose of
identifying key issues and concerns for the Village. The intent of this effort was to identify issues
related to the Village that can be addressed in the context of this plan. All permanent Village
residents were mailed a letter inviting them to attend the meeting, and advertisements were also
run in the local newspaper and on the Bald Head Island Association public cable channel.
Approximately 30 people attended the meeting. The following provides the top ten issues (see
Appendix II for a complete listing):
Rank
Issue
Score
1
Protect maritime forests
25
2*
Beach erosion
22
2*
Address carrying capacity and future needs of the Island. Build -out?
22
3
Water quality in Bald Head Creek
21
4
Need to address redevelopment of a public restroom/shower facility at East Beach
18
5
Wildlife management
16
6*
Allow for adequate commercial development
13
6*
Preservation of vegetation and dune lines (Live Oaks)
13
6*
Protect conservation areas
13
6*
Coordinate LUP with restrictive covenants
13
7
Stormwater management
11
8*
Maintenance of ferry basin
10
8*
Protection of water table (foreign water affecting aquifer)
10
9*
Restriction of gas powered engines
•9
9*
Processing of waste
9
9*
Address utilities
9
— Size (7)
— Disposal of treated reuse quality wastewater of golf courses (2)
10
Preservation of the dune ridge
8
*Indicates a tie score.
Additionally, surveys were mailed out to 1,348 absentee property owners. A total of 473
completed questionnaires were received. Results of the responses to the village meeting and
absentee property owners were very similar. See Appendix III for a comparison of these results
as well as the tabulation of additional questions from the absentee property owners survey.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 7

B. VILLAGE OF BALD HEAD ISLAND COMMUNITY VISION
Bald Head Island is a residential, family oriented community and
major family vacation destination committed to living in harmony
with nature while being supportive of activities and services necessary
to enhance the quality of life on the Island.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 8

SECTION V. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING AND
EMERGING CONDITIONS
A. POPULATION, HOUSING, AND ECONOMY
1. Village of Bald Head Island Permanent Population
a. Village of Bald Head Island and Brunswick County including all municipalities
The permanent population for the Village remains quite low; however, growth has been
consistent since the Village's incorporation in 1985. Between 1990 and 2000, the population
increased by 121.8%. The 1990 Census was the first year that a population count was prepared
for the Village. According to estimates from the North Carolina Office of State Planning, an
additional 32 permanent residents moved to the island between 2000 and 2003, boosting the total
population to 205 residents. Although the growth in terms of total population has been low, the
percentage growth rate experienced in the Village has been rapid. In terms of percentage growth
rate, the Village was the fourth fastest growing municipality in Brunswick County between 1990
and 2001 Table I below provides a detailed breakdown of population growth and growth rates
for the Village as well as all municipalities within Brunswick County.
Table I: Village of Bald Head Island and Brunswick County
Population Growth by County and Municipality
Total Population
% Change
2003
Overall
Municipality
1990
2000
Estimate
190-100
'00-'03
'90203
Bald Head Island
78
173
205
121.8%
18.5%
162.8%
Belville
66
363
407
450.0%
12.1%
516.7%
Boiling Spring Lakes
1,650
2,972
3,427
80.1%
15.3%
107.7%
Bolivia
228
148
151
-35.1 %
2.0%
-33.8%
Calabash
179
711
1,334
297.2%
87.6%
645.3%
Carolina Shores
1,031
1,482
2,120
43.7% .
43.0%
105.6%
Caswell Beach
175
370
425
1 1 1.4%
14.9%
142.9%
Holden Beach
626
787
836
25.7%
6.2%
33.5%
Leland
1,801
1,938
4,703
7.6%
142.7%
161.1 %
Long Beach*
3,816
0
0
-100.0%
0.0%
N/A
Navassa
445
479
1,570
.7.6%
227.8%
252.8%
Northwest
611
671
727
9.8%
8.3%
19.0%
Oak Island*
0
6,571
7,120
. 0.0%
8.4%
N/A
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 9

Table I: Village of Bald Head Island and Brunswick County
Population Growth by County and Municipality (Continued)
Municipality
1990
Total Population
2000
`
2003
Estimate
190-100
% Change
'00-'03
Overall
'90-'03
Ocean Isle Beach
523
426
448
-18.5%
5.2%
-14.3%
Sandy Creek
243
246
262
1.2%
6.5%
7.8%
Shallotte
1,073
1,381
1,662
28.7%
20.3%
54.9%
Southport
2,369
2,351
2,558
-.8%
8.8%
8.0%
St. James"
0
804
1,610
0.0%
100.2%
N/A
Sunset Beach
311
1,824
1,967
486.5%
7.8%
532.5%
Varnamtown
404
481
513
19.1 %
6.7%
27.0%
Yaupon Beach"'
734
0
0
-100.0%
0.0%
N/A
Total Municipalities
16,363
24,178
32,045
47.3%
33.0%
95.80/0
Total Unincorp. Areas
34,622
48,963
49,765
41.6%
1.5%
43.7%
Total County
50,985
73,141
81,810
43.5%
11.9%
60.5%
'Long Beach and Yaupon Beach merged to form the Town of Oak Island on 7/ 1 / 1999.
"*This municipality was incorporated between the 1990 and 2000 Census. NOTE: The Town of Saint James paid for
a special census to be completed as a result of some annexations that occurred after the 2000 Census was taken. The
special census, dated June 10, 2004, reflects a census count of 1,831 persons. Municipalities may challenge a census
count within three years of when the census is taken in order to have the population changed. The special census for
Saint James was completed after that time period and, therefore, the official decennial census count was not changed.
However, the state demographer gave Saint James an updated census count of 1,814. This figure was based on the
town's boundaries, including the 2001 annexed areas (This information was obtained from the NC State Data Center).
Source: US Census Bureau & NC Office of State Planning.
Table 2 summarizes peak seasonal population in the Village. The Village relies heavily on
seasonal visitors. During the summer months, population on the island increases substantially, and
resources of the Village are stretched. The information provided in this table is taken from several
different sources. The calculations provided for marina boat slips are based on data obtained from
the dockmaster operating the Bald Head Island Marina. According to the dockmaster, there are
150 boat slips at the marina. All of these slips have full hookups, meaning that water and electric
service is provided to all slips. During peak summer months, it is estimated that 25 of these slips
are utilized for overnight visitors. According to the dockmaster, each boat typically houses an
average of 4.5 persons. The only other means of getting to Bald Head Island is by the ferry. Based
on this, peak seasonal population figures have been based on total available parking at the ferry
terminal located at Indigo Plantation. There are currently 1,138 total parking spaces at this facility.
During peak summer months, these lots are generally full. In order to establish a peak seasonal
population estimate, an average of four persons per car was utilized. By using this methodology,
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 10

foot traffic into the Village will be accounted for; however, construction workers and other
personnel utilizing the construction ferry terminal have not been included. Additionally, parking
spaces utilized by permanent residents and employees were subtracted from this figure. In order
to determine how many parking spaces are occupied by permanent residents, an average of 1.5
.cars per household was utilized. There are approximately 88 homes within the Village that are
occupied by permanent residents. Parking spaces that are occupied by Village employees have
also been subtracted. Accounting for these two groups results in 973 parking spaces available for
seasonal visitors and residents. Based on these calculations, the total peak seasonal population for
2003 is 4,210.
Table 2: Village of Bald Head Island
Seasonal Population, 2003
Housing Type Number of Units Persons Per Unit Seasonal Population
Parking Spaces 973 4.00 3,892
Marina Boat Slips 25 4.50 113
Total 4,005
Permanent Population
Peak Seasonal Population
205
4,005
Total Peak Population 4,210
*It should be noted that when parking at Indigo Plantation is not sufficient, additional parking is available at Southport
Elementary School, as well as the old Roses Parking Lot. These parking spaces are not accounted for in these figures.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
b. Population Profile
As of 1990 the US Census reported that the population in the Village was one hundred
percent Caucasian. The 2000 Census reported that there is some racial diversity now on the
island. The permanent population is still predominantly Caucasian, making up 95.4% of the
population, but there is a small African American population (3.0%), as well as one American
Indian and two individuals of two or more races. The gender breakdown of the permanent
population is fairly evenly split with 89 males (51.4%) and 84 females (48.6%). The following table
is a comprehensive summary of racial composition in the Village and Brunswick County.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE I I

Table 3: Village of Bald Head Island and Brunswick County
Racial Composition, 1990-2000
Village of Bald Head Island Brunswick Coun
Total
Percentage
Percentage
1990 Population'
78
100.0%
100.0%
White
78
100.0%
81.1 %
Black
0
0.0%
18.1 %
Asian or Pacific Islander
0
0.0%
0.2%
American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut
0
0.0%
0.5%
Other
0
0.0%
0.2%
2000 Population"
173
100.0%
100.0%
White
165
95.4%
82.3%
Black or African American
5
3.0%
14.4%
Asian or Pacific Islander
0
0.0%
0.3%
American Indian and Alaska Native
1
0.6%
0.7%
Some Other Race
0
0.0%
1.3%
Two or More Races
2
1.2%
1.0%
Male
89
51.4%
49.1 %
Female
84
48.6%
50.9%
"Racial breakdown available for the 1990 Census.
"Racial breakdown available for the 2000 Census.
Source: 2000 US Census.
A majority of the permanent population living within the Village can be considered middle
aged according to the 2000 US Census. Approximately 72% of the population is between the ages
of thirty-five and sixty-four. The population has aged slightly since 1990, with the fifty-five to sixty-
four age brackets increasing by 14%. This increase can also be attributed to in -migration
experienced over the same period. The school age population in the Village has increased by six
individuals between 1990 and 2000. However, the percentage of total population for this age
range remained at approximately 5%. The retired age population decreased slightly during this
same period. Table 4 provides a detailed breakdown of age composition for the Village and
Brunswick County.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 12

Table 4: Village of Bald Head Island and Brunswick County
Age Composition, 1990 and 2000
Village of Bald Head Island Brunswick County
1990 1990 2000 2000 1990 2000
Total % of Total Total % of Total % of Total % of Total
0 to 14 years
15 to 34 years
y 35 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 to 74 years
75 and over
Total population
Median age
School Age Population (5-18)
Working Age Population (16-64)
Retired Population (65+)
Source: 2000 US Census.
Chart 1: Village of Bald Head Island_
Age Composition
40.0%
35.0%
D
2S.0%
0
c
20.0%
u
a
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
4
5.1 %
10
5.8%
7
9.0%
7
4.0%
33
42.3% .
60
34.7%
18
23.1 %
64
37.0%
15
19.2%
26
15.0%
1
1.3%
6
3.5%
78
100.0%
n/a
n/a
4
5.1 %
58
74.4%
16
20.5%
173
100.0%
56.3
n/a
9
5.2%
131
75.7%
32
18.5%
19.4%
17.6%
27.5%
22.2%
25.9%
28.6%
12.5%
14.7%
10.3%
11.1%
4.4%
5.8%
100.0%
100.00/0
n/a
42.2
18.3%
18.0%
64.4%
65.5%
14.7%
16.9%
k z-
YnT�.
1 Arr
0 to 14 years IS to 34 years. 3S to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 and over
Age Range
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 13

The permanent population within'the Village is well educated. According to the 2000 US
Census, 69% of residents have completed their Bachelor's Degree or higher. It should be noted
that this is based on individuals 25 years of age and over. Out of 150 persons recorded in this
count, only 38 did not obtain some form of college degree. The following table summarizes the
educational attainment for Village residents.
Table 5: Village of Bald Head Island
Educational Attainment, 2000
Based on Persons 25 Years Old or Older
Less than 9" grade
Ninth to twelfth grade, no diploma
High school graduate
Some college, no degree
Associate degree
Bachelor's degree
Graduate/Professional degree
Total population 25 years and over
Percent High School Graduate or higher
Percent Bachelor's degree or higher
Source: 2000 US Census.
Village:
C. 'Population Summary
Brunswick North
Village of Bald Head Island County Carolina
Total % of Total % of Total % of Total
0
0.0%
6.3%
7.8%
0
0.0%
15.4%
14.0%
10
6.7%
33.2%
28.4%
28
18.7%
22.5%
20.5%
9
6.0%
6.5%
6.8%
64
42.7%
11.0%
15.3%
39
26.0%
5.1 %
7.2%
150
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
78.3%
78.1 %
68.7%
16.1 %
22.5%
The following provides a summary of the population demographic information for the
► The permanent population in the Village increased by 127 individuals or 162.8%
between 1990 and 2003.
► The total peak seasonal population for the Village is 4,210.
► The permanent population within the Village is predominantly Caucasian (95.40/0);
the remaining population is predominantly African American comprising 3% of the
total population.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 14

► A majority of the Village population is between the ages of thirty-five and sixty-four
(72%).
► Approximately 69% of Village residents age 25 and over have received an
education equivalent to a Bachelor's Degree or higher.
2. Housing
a. Housing Occupancy and Tenure
The Village exists primarily as a second home community and is a well known tourist
and/or seasonal destination. Because of this, a majority of the housing stock is comprised of vacant
housing units. Based on the 2000 Census, 87.1 % of the Village's total housing stock is comprised
of vacant housing. Approximately 95.5% of the vacant housing units are considered to be either
for rent or are second homes. The following table summarizes housing occupancy and tenure for
the Village, as well as Brunswick County.
Table 6: Village of Bald Head Island and Brunswick County
Housing Occupancy and Tenure, 1990 and 2000
Total Housing Units
Vacant:
For rent*
For sale only*
Rented or sold, not occupied*
For seasonal, recreational or occasional use*
For migrant workers*
Other vacant*
Villa¢e of Bald Head Island
1990 % of Total
2000 % of Total
100.0%
100.0%
90.1%
87.1%
1.1%
28.3%
3.7%
2.7%
0.0%
1.7%
94.6%
67.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.6%
0.0%
Brunswick County
2000 % of Total
100.0%
40.8%
10.2%
4.7%
1.9%
74.0%
0.1%
9.2%
Occupied:
9.9%
12.9%
59.2%
Owner -Occupied**
94.9%
90.8%
82.2%
Renter -Occupied**
5.1 %
9.2%
17.8%
*Indicates breakdown of vacant household types.
**Indicates breakdown of occupied household types.
Source: US Census Bureau.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 15

b. , .. Age of Structure
Table 7 and Chart 2 provide a summary of residential construction activity dating back to
the early 1900s. Based on this information, it is very clear that Bald Head was discovered during
the seventies. Once the picturesque island was established as not only a destination but a
residential development, construction increased substantially. Between the years of 1980 and
1989, approximately 34% of the island's entire housing stock was constructed.
Table 8 is a summary of residential building permit activity dating back to 1992. This
information was provided by the Village of Bald Head Planning and Inspections Department.
According to this information there have been 775 total building permits issued since 1992. Since
the year 2000 43.8% or 340 of these permits have been issued. This clearly shows that residential
development continues to increase on the island.
Table 7: Village of Bald Head Island
Housing Structure, 2000
Year % of Total
1999 to March, 2000
1995 to 1998
1990 to 1994
1980 to 1989
1970 to 1979
1960 to 1969
1950 to 1959
1940 to 1949
1939 or earlier
Total Structures
Median Year Structure Built
Source: US Census Bureau.
5.6%
36.0%
15.4%
33.8%
8.6%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
100.0%
1992
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 16

Chart 2: Village of Bald Head Island
Year Structure Built
1939 or earlier
1940 to 1949
1950 to 1959
1960 to 1969
v
eo
c
1970 to 1979
m
1980 to 1989
1990 to 1994
1995to 1998
1999 to March 2000
0.0% `" 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0%
Percent of Structures Constructed
Table 8: Village of Bald Head Island
Building Permit Data 1992-November 2004
Year
# of Residential
Building Permits
1992
31
1993
15
1994
61
1995
110
1996
61
1997
52
1998
55
1999
50
2000
62
2001
63
2002
88
2003
71
2004
56
Total
775
Source: Village of Bald Head Island Planning and Inspections Department.
C
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 17

The following table provides a breakdown of improved and unimproved properties
throughout the Village. The data is further broken down by land use. This information accounts
for all development within each of these stages.
Table 9: Village of Bald Head Island
Improved and Unimproved Properties
Residential
Improved
Unimproved
% Developed
Stage 1
700
826
45.9%
Stage II
188
299
38.6%
Middle Island
26
81
24.3%
Total
914
1,206
43.1 %
Commercial
Improved
Unimproved
% Developed
Stage I*
" 19
27
41.3%
Stage II
Middle Island
Total
0 14.62 acres** 0.00/0
0 0 0.0%
19 27 55.6%
Acreage ODen Soace Unimproved
Stage 1 135
Stage II 32
Middle Island 19
Total 186
*Improved commercial properties in Stage I consist of properties that are located in the Harbor, Maritime Market
Way, and Edward Teach Extension.
*"Stage II commercial properties are shown in acres due to the fact that none of the commercial properties have been
subdivided. The Shoals Club is considered a recreational property, and is not reflected in the commercial figures.
Source: Village of Bald Head Island.
C. Housing Conditions
The housing stock within the Village is in outstanding condition. Based on the tables above,
it is clear that a majority of the residential structures on the island are of fairly new construction.
This not only results in more structurally sound homes, but ensures that they have been built
under more recent building codes. Building codes have been updated over time to better deal
with strong winds and storm surge associated with tropical storm events. Residential units within
the Village average 5.4 rooms per unit. Approximately 77% of the residences have three or more
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 18

bedrooms. The following table summarizes a few key statistics regarding housing conditions with
comparisons to Brunswick County and North Carolina overall.
Table 10: Village, of Bald Head Island, Brunswick County, and North Carolina
Housing Conditions
Village of Bald Head Island
Brunswick County
North Carolina
Average Rooms Per Unit
5.4
5.3
5.5
Percent with no bedroom
0.3%
0.7%
1.1 %
Percent with 3+ bedrooms
76.5%
62.5%
60.8%
Percent lacking complete kitchen facilities
0.0%
0.7%
1.1 %
Percent lacking complete plumbing
0.3%
0.9%
1.1%
Percent occupied with telephones
100.0%
96.2%
86.2%'
*The average rooms per unit does not include crofters. Crofters are single units with plumbing fora bathroom
situated separate from the primary residence. These are typically located over garages.
Source: US Census Bureau.
d. Units in Structure
Nearly the entire housing stock within the Village (90%) is comprised of single-family
residential construction. Additionally there are a small number of multi -family units located on the
island. Table I I summarizes the units in structure count for housing construction in the Village,
as well as Brunswick County.
Table 1 I: Village of Bald Head Island and Brunswick County
Units in Structure and Mobile Home Count, 2000
Village of Bald Head Island Brunswick County
Units in Structure % of Total % of Total
I -unit, detached
I -unit, attached
2 units
3 or 4 units
5 to 9 units
10 to 19 units
20 units or more
Mobile home
Boat, RV, van, etc.
Total
Source: US Census Bureau.
87.60/6
55:70/6
2.096
1.3%
5.8%
1.2%
4.696
2.1 %
0.0%
1.9%
0.0%
I.I%
0.0%
0.6%
N/A
35.9%
0.0%
0.2%
100.0%
100.0%
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 19

The demographic information presented in Table 12 is an interesting account of when
owner occupants moved into their homes. This is not only an additional indicator of population
growth but provides the reader with a brief account of when sharp increases in permanent
population and owner -occupant housing development occurred. According to this information,
43.4% of owner -occupants moved to the island between 1995 and 1998. A total of 67 residential
units became home to year round residents between the years 1990 and 2000.
Table 12: Village of Bald Head Island
Year Householder Moved Into Unit
Year
Total
% of total
Total Occupied Units
90
100.0%
1999 to March 2000
18
19.7%
1995 to 1998
39
43.4%
1990 to 1994
23
25.0%
1980 to 1989
8
9.2%
1970 to 1979
2
2.6%
Before 1970
0
0.0%
Median year householder moved into unit
1996
Source: US Census Bureau.
e. Housing Summary
The following provides a summary of significant points identified through the housing
demographics discussion:
► A majority of the housing units in the Village (87.10/6) are vacant; of these 67.2%
are considered to be for seasonal, recreational, or occasional use.
► The median for the year in which residential structures have been built within the
Village is 1992.
► Since the year 2000, 340 residential building permits have been issued by the
Village Planning and Inspections department.
► Residential housing units on average have 5.4 rooms per -unit, and 76.5% have
three or more bedrooms.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 20

► Nearly the entire housing stock (89.6%) within the Village is comprised of single-
family residential homes.
3. Employment and Economy
a. General Economic Indicators -
Table 13 provides a summary of general economic indicators for the Village, as well as
Brunswick County and North Carolina. According to this table, the per capita income for the
Village residents is $45,585. The Village's per capita income is over twice that of the state and
Brunswick County. The percent of the population currently in the workforce is approximately
56.7%. This percentage is comparable to that of Brunswick County. It is difficult to determine
how accurate these economic indicators are for the Village, due to the methodology used to
calculate the census. This information should be viewed as estimates only.
Table 13: Village of Bald Head Island, Brunswick County and North Carolina
Summary of Economic Indicators
Per Capita Income
Mean Income
Unemployment Rate
% of Population in labor force
Year
Bald Head Island
Brunswick County
North Carolina
2000
$45,585
$19,857
$20,307
2000
$73,392
$43,808
$50,814
2000
3.3%
2.6%
3.4%
2000
56.7%
57.7%
65.7%
*Per capita income is calculated by totaling all reported annual incomes for permanent Bald Head Island residents and
dividing that figure by the total population. This figure may appear low due to the fact that approximately 19% of the
Village's total population are of retirement age and are no longer producing an annual income.
Source: NC Department of Commerce & US Census Bureau.
b. Household Income
Household income for the Village is much higher than that of Brunswick County. It is clear
that the income range for Village residents is fairly high. This is evidenced by property values
across the island. Approximately 80.2% of the households on the island report an annual income
in excess of $50,000 per year. The median income of Village residents is $62,083, compared to
$35,888 for Brunswick County. Table 14 provides a comprehensive breakdown of household
income for the Village and Brunswick County.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 21

Table 14: Village of Bald Head Island and Brunswick County
Household Income, 2000
Village of Bald Head Island
Brunswick County
Total
% of Total
% of Total
Less than $10,000
4
4.9%
10.3%
$10,000 to $14,999
2
2.5%
7.7%
$15,000 to $24,999
1
1.2%
15.5%
$25,000 to $34,999
0'
0.0%
15.2%
$35,000 to $49,999
9
1 1.1 %
18.0%
$50,000 to $74,999
31
38.3%
18.6%
$75,000 to $99,999
7
8.6%
7.4%
$100,000 to $149,999
15
18.5%
4.6%
$150,000 to $199,999
3
3.7%
1.2%
$200,000 or more
9
1 1.1 %
1.5%
Total Families
81
100.0%
100.0%
Median Income
$62,083
$35,888
Source: 2000 US Census.
C. . Employment By Industry
Table 15 provides a breakdown of employment by industry for Village residents. This table
accounts for all permanent residents age sixteen or over. Based on this information the largest
employer of Village residents is the finance, insurance, real estate, and rental and leasing industry.
This group of businesses account for 30.0% of the jobs for eighty individuals age sixteen or over
reported to be in the work force. Other notable industries providing employment of Village
residents are: professional, scientific, management, administrative, and waste management
services; and retail trade.
Table 15: Village of Bald Head Island
Employment By Industry, 2000
Industry
# Employed
Employed
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Mining
0
0.0%
Construction
5
6.3%
Manufacturing
3
3.8%
Wholesale Trade
3
3.8%
Retail Trade
8
10.0%
Transportation, Warehousing, and Utilities
.2
2.5%
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 22

Table IS: Village of Bald Head Island
Employment By Industry, 2000 (continued)
Industry
# Employed
% Employed
Information
1
1.3%
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, and Rental and Leasing
24
30.0%
Professional, Scientific, Management, Administrative, and Waste
19
23.8%
Management Services
Education, Health, and Social Services
1
1.3%
Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, Accommodation, and Food
2
2.5%
Services
Other Services (except Public Administration)
0
0.0%
Public Administration
12
15.0%
Total Persons Employed 16 Years and Cher
80
100.0% .
Source: US Census Bureau.
d. Employment Commuting Patterns
Table 16 provides asummary of commuting patterns forVillage residents. The information
provided in this table is slightly inaccurate because it does not factor the ferry transit time into the
overall commute. The table represents driving time only. Taking this into account, it is difficult
to determine how many of the individuals who reported a commuting time of ten minutes or less
are commuting to work on the island. It is known, however, that there are very few businesses
and offices operating on the island. One notable statistic in this table is that 43.8% of the 80
individuals reported to be currently working are working out of their home.
Table 16: Village of Bald Head Island
Travel Times to Work
Travel Time
Total
% of Total
Total workers 16 years and over
80
Did not work at home
45
1 1.1 %
Travel Time:
5
31.1 %
Less than five minutes
14
24.4%
5 to 9 minutes
I I
22.2%
10 to 14 minutes
10
8.9%
15 to 19 minutes
4
0.0%
20 to 24 minutes
0
0.0%
25 to 29 minutes
0
0.0%
30 to 34 minutes
0
0.0%
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 23

Table 16: Village of Bald Head Island
Travel Times to Work (Continued)
Travel Time
35 to 39 minutes
40 to 44 minutes
45 to 59 minutes
60 to 89 minutes
90 minutes or more
Mean travel time to work
Worked at home
Source: 2000 US Census.
e. Industries
Total % of Total
0.
0.0%
0
0.0%
0
0.096
0
0.0%
1
2.2%
14.1
35
43.8%
There is no industrial activity within the Village corporate limits. There is some commercial
activity, but this is primarily limited retail trade including: grocery, hardware, and restaurants.
Additionally, golf cart repair and servicing is also available within the Village. Other than retail
trade, the only other non residential construction activity involves the marina, country club, multi-
family common areas, Bald Head Island Conservancy, office space, and town -owned facilities.
f. Employment and Economy Summary
The following is a summary of the economic data that has been discussed in this section:
► The per capita income for the Village's residents is $45,585.
► Out of the total families recorded in the 2000 Census within the Village,
approximately 80% reported an annual house hold income of $50,000 or greater.
► The largest employer of the Village's working age population is the finance,
insurance, real estate, and rental and leasing industries. This figure only takes into
account the occupations of permanent residents.
► Approximately 4496 of the Village's working population reported working out of
their homes.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 24

4. Population Projections
The following table provides permanent and peak seasonal population estimates for the Village.
These estimates are based on population growth trends experienced since the Village
incorporated in 1985. The overall population growth in terms of numbers has been modest;
however, the population percentage growth rate has been fairly rapid. This trend is expected to
continue. If these trends do continue, the permanent population on Bald Head is expected to
reach 665 individuals by the year 2025. This would result in an 284.3% increase from the 2000
Census report.
The estimates -for peak seasonal population have been compiled based on average population
growth dating back to 1990. The peak seasonal population estimates assume that these population
growth trends will continue. Additionally, a 2003 estimate of peak seasonal population has been
established based on available parking at Indigo Plantation, and estimates of usage at the Village's
marina.
Table 17: Village of Bald Head Island
Permanent and Seasonal Population Projections, 2000-2025
2000
2007
2010
2020
2025
% Change '00-'25
Permanent Population
173
210
319
428
537
210.4%
Peak Seasonal Population
N/A
4,215
5,537
7,284
9,789
132.2%*
*Percentage change is for 2003-2025.
Source: US Census Bureau, North Carolina Office of State Planning, Village of Bald Head Island.
B. NATURAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
1. Mapping and Analysis of Natural Features
a. Topography
Bald Head Island is a semi -tropical barrier island located off the southern coast of
Brunswick County, North Carolina. The Village is unique in that the island is home to many
tropical plant species and birds that generally do not thrive in an environment located this far
north. Barrier islands are a phenomenon that are still not fully understood by scientists. Barrier
islands are fragile, constantly changing ecosystems that are important for coastal geology and
ecology. These islands are separated from the mainland by a shallow sound. Barrier islands are
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 25

often found in chains along the coastline and are separated from each other by narrow tidal inlets.
The Village is separated from the mainland by the Cape Fear River to the east and Corn Cake Inlet,
also known as New Inlet, to the north. This inlet has been filled in over the years due to the
shifting of the beach, and completely closed in 1999 as a result of Hurricane Floyd. Elevations on
the island range from sea level to 38 feet. This determination was made based on a contour map
with elevation intervals of two feet. This shows a significant change in elevation across the Village's
jurisdiction for a coastal barrier island.
A Typical Barrier Island
Barrier islands serve two'main functions.
First, they protect the coastlines from severe �
vegetation occurs within this area
storm damage. Second, they harbor several
habitats that are refuges for wildlife. In fact, -the
salt marsh ecosystems of the islands and the
coast help to purify runoffs from mainland
streams and rivers. Bald Head Island fits this
overall description of a barrier island system.
The island is home to a wide variety of wildlife saltmarsh over -wash dune beach open
including several endangered species. (mud flat) water
b. Climate
The Village's climate is marked by hot and humid summers, and cool winters with
occasional cold spells. During summer months, the area is cooled by offshore breezes. Rain
typically falls throughout the year and can be quite heavy at times. The Village is extremely
vulnerable to tropical storms and the flooding associated with them because of the unique location
of the barrier island. In the event of a cyclonic storm event, the island is situated between the
turbulent waters of the Cape Fear River to the west, and the open Atlantic Ocean to the east and
south, which exacerbates the problem of erosion along coastal portions of the island.
In winter, the average temperature in the Village is approximately 47°F, and the average
daily minimum temperature is 37°F. The coldest recorded temperature on record for the region
was 90F occurring in 1977. During summer months, the average temperature is 78°F. The highest
temperature on record for summer months was. 103°F. Approximately 600/0 of all annual
precipitation within the Village typically falls between the months of April and September.
Thunderstorms typically occur on roughly 45 days annually. Snowfall in the area is rare; however,
snow and winter storm events do occasionally occur.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE Z6

C. Flood Zones/Storm Surge
Coastal flooding associated with tropical storm systems and nor'easters is asignificant issue
for the Village. Coastal flooding is the inundation of land areas along the oceanic coast by sea
waters over and above normal tidal action. Such flooding can originate from the ocean front
and/or adjacent sounds or riverine areas. Factors that contribute to these verity of coastal flooding
include: tidal cycles, persistence and behavior of the storm that is generating the flooding,
topography, shoreline orientation, and bathymetry (ocean floor contour) of the area.
The most significant concern for the Village with regards to coastal flooding is the storm
surge that is generated by tropical storm events, including tropical storm systems and hurricanes.
A storm surge is a dome or bulge of water that is caused by wind and pressure forces. It is a rise
above the normal water level along a shore that is caused by strong onshore winds and/or reduced
atmospheric pressure. The surge height is the difference of the observed water level minus the
predicted tide.
A storm surge is caused by powerful coastal storms that move toward or adjacent to the
coastline. It may be worsened by higher than normal astronomical tide levels. Two factors key in
the development of a storm surge:
Low barometric pressure reduces the weight of the air on the ocean surface causing a
slight rising (I to 2 feet) of the surface of the water. This rising creates a dome and a new
balance of forces.
Wind sweeps around the dome of water and induces currents that spiral toward the
center of the storm. The force of the winds induces high waves that travel away from the
storm. Wind is the dominant force at landfall, often bringing violent wave action far inland.
The battering of these waves causes damage beyond mere flooding.
There are two different sets of data that will be used in the context of this plan to
determine what portions of the Village fall within a flood hazard area: Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) designated flood zones; and National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) Storm Surge Inundation Model.
The Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMS) for Brunswick County are currently being updated
in response to inaccuracies in the data exposed during Hurricane Floyd in 1999. On September
15, 2000, the first anniversary of the Hurricane Floyd disaster, FEMA and the State of North
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 27

Carolina announced a historic agreement to develop a model program to maintain accurate flood
hazard information for the State. As part of this program, the flood maps for the County are
currently under revision. The portion of the County that falls within the Lumber River Basin has.
already been completed.
'The Village, however, falls within the Cape Fear River Basin. The overall flood map
updates are adopted on a county -by -county basis. The Cape Fear River Basin flood maps are
expected to be complete and ready for review over the next few months. Once these maps are
completed and have been through the formal review process, Brunswick County will move to
adopt the updated County FIRM's. Once adopted, this plan will be updated to reflect data and
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) locations outlined on the new FIRMS.
It should be noted that in order. to get secured financing to buy, build, or improve
structures in Special Flood Hazard Areas you will be required to purchase flood insurance. Lending
institutions that are federally regulated or federally insured must determine if the structure is
located in a SFHA and must provide written notice requiring flood insurance.
Table 18 provides a summary of the acreage within the Village that falls within various flood
zones outlined on existing FIRMS. Additionally, Map 2 provides the locations of these flood zones.
The following provides an explanation of how FEMA defines each of the Special Flood Hazard
Areas or flood zones designations that encompass portions of the Village:
Zone AE: Zone AE is the flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to the I % annual
chance floodplains that are determined in the Flood Insurance Study by detailed or limited
detailed methods. In most instances, whole -foot Base Flood Elevations derived from the
detailed hydraulic analyses are shown at selected intervals within this zone.
Zone VE: Zone VE is the flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to the I % annual
chance coastal floodplains that have additional hazards associated with storm waves.
Whole -foot Base Flood Elevations derived from the detailed hydraulic analyses are shown
at selected intervals within this zone.
Shaded X: Areas of 0.2% annual chance flood; areas of I % annual chance flood with
average depths of less than one foot or with drainage areas less than one square mile; and
areas protected by levies.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 28

PJ�
�e)
Cj
1 inch equals 1,800 feet
Feet
0 1,150 2,300 4,600 6,900 9,200
Source: North Carolina Center for Geographic Information,
Federal Emergency Management Agency
Q
U
O
U
Q
Cape Fear
E.vF•�r. MAP 2
UI
Village of
Bald Head Island
Land Use Plan
Flood Hazard
Legend
11110 Village of Bald Head Island Corporate Limits
Bald Head Island Ferry Route
Hydrology
Flood Zones
Not in Flood Hazard Area
AE
SHADED X
VE
0
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
Page 29

Table 18: Village of Bald Head Island
Flood Zones in Acres
% of Total Town
Flood Zone Acres Acreage
AE 571.64 22.8%
Shaded X .115.94 4.6%
VE 1,814.50 72.5%
Total Acres in Floodplain 2,502.08 100.0%
Total Village Acres 3,128.00
Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency.
A majority of the Village's jurisdiction falls within either the velocity (VE) or one hundred
year (AE) flood hazard area. There is a significant portion of the island that is designated as falling
within the five hundred year (X) flood hazard area. This portion of the Village is generally aligned
with an elevated ridge centrally located across the eastern side of the island. This ridge ranges in
elevation from 18 to 38 feet above sea level. The Village has submitted a letter of appeal
protesting the proposed flood zone change along the shoreline of Bald Head Island Creek from
an AE zone to a VE zone.
NOAA National Weather Service forecasters model storm surge using the SLOSH (Sea,
Lake and Overland Surges from Hurricanes) model. The SLOSH model is a "diagnostic" model in
that the hurricane's track, size, and intensity must be specified before the model is run. When
these parameters are put into the model, a model wind field is produced, which in turn gives the
surface stresses. The stresses act as the driving forces to move the water. Friction, the surface
wind stress, and the pressure gradient cause the water to pile up along the coast.
Generally, shallow areas will experience greater storm surges than areas with.a shelf that
drops off rapidly. NOAA has run the SLOSH model for coastal areas of the United States assuming
average parameters in order to determine the general locations of storm surge impact associated
with fast and slow moving hurricanes. Table 19 provides a summary of the impact that varying
storm events will have on the Village. Maps 3 and 4 show the location of the storm surge
inundation.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 30

V.OE• MAP 3
0
>SLA� Village of
Bald Head Island
Land Use Plan
SLOSH MODEL
Storm Surge -
Fast Moving Hurricane
0
Village of Bald Head Island Corporate Limits
Bald Head Island Ferry Route
Hydrology
SLOSH -Fast Moving Hurricane
Category 1 and 2
Category 3
Category 4 and 5
0
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
KYCF
jf_ffolland Planners, Inc.
Page 31

OF' p MAP 4
0
x
> m
fS�AN Village of
Bald Head Island
Land Use Plan
SLOSH MODEL
Storm Surge -
Slow Movinq Hurricane
Legend
Village of Bald Head Island Corporate Limits
' Bald Head Island Ferry Route
Hydrology
SLOSH -Slow Moving Hurricane
Category 1 and 2
Category 3
Category 4 and 5
M
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
Page 32

The data in these models is broken down by storm magnitude. The following provides a
summary of hurricane strength according to the Saffir-Simpson Scale:
Category 1: Winds of 74 to 95 miles per hour. Damage primarily to shrubbery, trees,
foliage, and unanchored mobile homes. No appreciable wind damage to other structures.
Some damage to poorly constructed signs. Storm surge possibly 3 to 5 feet above normal.
Low-lying roads inundated, minor pier damage, some small craft in exposed anchorage
torn from moorings.
Category 2: Winds of 96 to 110 miles per hour. Considerable damage to shrubbery and
tree foliage; some trees blown down. Major damage to exposed mobile homes.
Extensive damage to poorly constructed signs. Some damage to roof materials of
buildings; some window and door damage. No major wind damage to buildings. Storm
surge possibly 6 to 8 feet above normal. Coastal roads and low-lying escape routes inland
cut by rising water 2 to 4 hours before arrival of hurricane center. Considerable damage
to piers. Marinas flooded. Small craft in unprotected anchorages torn from moorings.
Evacuation of some shoreline residences and low-lying island areas required.
Category 3: Winds of I I I to 130 miles per hour. Foliage torn from trees; large trees
blown down. Practically all poorly constructed signs blown down. Some damage to
roofing materials of buildings; some window and door damage. Some structural damage
to small buildings.. Mobile homes destroyed. Storm surge possibly 9 to 12 feet above
normal. Serious flooding at coast and many smaller structures near coast destroyed; larger
structures near coast damage by battering waves and floating debris. Low-lying escape
routes inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours before hurricane center arrives.
Category 4: Winds of 131 to 155 miles per hour. Shrubs and trees blown down; all signs
down. Extensive damage to roofing materials, windows, and doors. Complete failure of
roofs on many small residences. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Storm surge
possibly 13 to 18 feet above normal. Major damage to lower floors of structures near
shore due to flooding and battering by waves and floating debris. Low-lying escape routes
inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours before hurricane center arrives. Major erosion of
beaches.
Category 5: Winds greater than 155 miles per hour. Shrubs and trees blown down;
considerable damage to roofs of buildings; all signs down. Very severe and extensive
damage to windows and doors. Complete failure of roofs on many residences and
industrial buildings. Extensive shattering of glass in windows and doors. Some complete
building failures. Small buildings overturned or blown away. Complete destruction of
mobile homes. Storm surge possibly greater than 18 feet above normal. Major damage -
to lower floors of all structures less than 15 feet above sea level. Low-lying escape routes
inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours before hurricane center arrives.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 33

Table 19: Village of Bald Head Island
Storm Surge Inundation Acreage (Fast & Slow Moving Hurricanes)
Fast Moving Slow Moving
% of Total Village % of Total Village
Hurricane Strength Acreage* Acreage . Acreage* Acreage
Category I - 2 2,450 78.3% 2,434
Category 3 2,599 83.1 % 2,588 82.70/6,
Category 4 - 5 2,749 87.9% 2,657 84.9%
Total Village Acres 3,128
*It should be noted that all acreage falling within a Category I - 2 storm surge area will also fall within the storm surge
boundary of a Category 3 storm. The same applies to a Category 5 storm.
Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
The Village adopted a Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) in response to federal and state
legislation. The plan is designed to enable the Village to be more prepared for natural disasters
by establishing goals, policies, and implementing actions, which have been included as Appendix
IV. When either the HMP or the Land Use Plan are revised, a review of each document is
necessary to ensure consistency.
d. Man -Made Hazards
There are no man-made hazards located within the Village. It should be noted, however,
that there are two underground storage tanks located at the Bald Head Island Limited Marina
Facility. These tanks are documented and inspected by the North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR) Underground Storage Tanks Program. The UST
Section enforces UST regulations and manages funds used to perform cleanups of petroleum UST
discharges or releases. The program was initiated in 1988 in response to growing reports of USTs
leaking petroleum into soil and drinking water supplies. All tank removal and efforts to remove
ground and groundwater contamination should be coordinated with the UST Section. According
to NCDENR, there have been no reported problems associated with the underground storage
tanks at this facility.
Although there are no man-made hazards immediately within the Village, the western side
of the island is immediately adjacent to a shipping channel that is utilized by cargo ships accessing
the NC State Port Facility in Wilmington. The location of this shipping channel has a minimal
impact with regards to development within the Village. One benefit to the Village is that when this
channel is periodically dredged, the least cost option for disposal of the spoil is on the south and
east facing beaches of the island. The Village currently has a contract with the US Army Corps of
Engineers to receive this sand through 2006.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 34

e. Soils
There are four different soil series within the Village's jurisdiction. Observations regarding
the soils and soils conditions were taken from the Soil Survey of Brunswick County, North
Carolina, which was issued in November 1986. All of the four soil series identified within the
Village are considered to have severe conditions for septic tank usage. When making
determinations regarding the installation of septic tanks, the County soil survey should not be
utilized. The soil survey is intended for use only as a general reference, and not for site specific
determinations. Slight elevation and soil condition changes can have a drastic effect on the
permeability of soils, and in turn the suitability for septic tank installation. There is not a substantial
number of individual septic tank systems installed within the Village. Residential developments on
the island are moving toward the use of advanced package treatment facilities.
Of the four soil series identified, two are comprised entirely of hydric soils. The definition
of a hydric soil is a soil that formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or ponding long
enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part. The
concept of hydric soils includes soils developed under sufficiently wet conditions to support the
growth and regeneration of hydrophytic vegetation. Soils that are sufficiently wet because of
artificial measures are included in the concept of hydric soils. Also, soils in which the hydrology
has been artificially modified are hydric if the soil, in an unaltered state, was hydric. Some series,
designated as hydric, have phases that are not hydric depending on water table, flooding, and
ponding characteristics. The presence of hydric soils is significant due to the fact that these soils
are typically poorly suited for development. Additionally, these soils may meet the definition of
404 wetland areas if found in combination with certain 404 vegetation and require permitting by
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Wilmington office prior to any disturbance. Map 5 shows the
location of all soil types within the Village, and the following table provides a summary of the soil
conditions.
Table 20: Village of Bald Head Island
Soil Conditions
Soil
Acreage
Septic Tank Conditions
Flooding Frequency
BO - Bohicket
893.7
Severe: flooding, ponding, peres slowly
Frequent
Co - Corolla
583.5
Severe: wetness, poor filter
Rare
Du - Duckston
63.2
Severe: flooding, wetness, poor filter
Occasional
NeE - Newhan
1,051.6
Severe: poor filter, slope
None
Water
536.6 ,
N/A
N/A
Total
3,128.6
Source: Soil Survey of Brunswick County, North Carolina.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 35

f. Water Supply
Water is by far the most abundant natural resource in Brunswick County, as well as Bald
Head Island. The water supply for the Village comes. from a combination of sources. There is a
main trunk line that extends onto Bald Head Island from Caswell Beach to the southeast. This line
is operated by the Brunswick County Utilities Department. The water from this system is taken
from the Castle Hayne Aquifer. The Village owns and maintains the water line which extends to
Caswell Beach. The water line is metered on the mainland, and the Village purchases all utilized
water resources from Brunswick County.
The Castle Hayne aquifer, underlying the eastern half of the coastal plain, is the most
productive aquifer in the state and the primary water source for the county's water system. It is
primarily limestone and sand. The Castle Hayne aquifer is noted for its thickness (more than 300
feet in places) and the ease of water movement within it, both of which contribute to high well
yields. It lies fairly close to the surface toward the south and west, deepening rapidly toward the
east. Water in the Castle Hayne aquifer ranges from hard to very hard because of its limestone
composition. Iron concentrations tend to be high near recharge areas but decrease as the water
moves further through the limestone.
Throughout the low lying and coastal areas of Brunswick County, the Castle Hayne aquifer
is subject to salt water intrusion. Because of the potential for salt water intrusion, approximately
2,500 square miles of the Castle Hayne aquifer, including portions underlying Brunswick County,
have been designated as a capacity use area by the NC Groundwater Section. A capacity use area
is defined as an area where the use of water resources threatens to exceed the replenishment
ability to the extent that regulation may be required. Therefore, wells are not permitted to pump
more than 2.018 million gallons per day.
In addition to the water supplied through the county's system, the Village of Bald Head
Island, operates a series of wells across the island that are tapped into the semi -confined aquifer
running beneath the Village. These wells average about sixty feet in depth. Operation of these
wells is crucial in the event that the county water source is cutoff. The well system on the island
is sufficient to support current demand; however, if the county line is shut down, water
conservation measures must be considered. The aquifer beneath the Village is also vulnerable to
issues associated with salt water intrusion as discussed above pertaining to the Castle Hayne
Aquifer.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 37

g. Fragile Areas
CAMA establishes "Areas of Environmental Concern" (AECs) as the foundation of the
Coastal Resources Commission's permitting program for coastal development. An AEC is an area
.of natural importance: It may be easily destroyed by erosion or flooding; or it may have
environmental, social, economic, or aesthetic values that make it valuable.
The Coastal Resources Commission designates areas as AECs to protect them from
uncontrolled development that may cause irreversible damage to property, public health or the
environment, thereby diminishing their value to the entire state. Statewide, AECs cover almost
all coastal waters and less than 3% of the land.in the 20 coastal counties.
Fragile areas are those areas that are not explicitly defined as AECs but that could cause
significant environmental damage or other degradation of quality of life if not managed. These
include wetlands, natural heritage areas, areas containing endangered species, prime wildlife
habitats, or maritime forests. These areas must be evaluated pursuant to State regulations at 15A
NCAC 7H for the CAMA Land Use Planning process.
This section will evaluate the following AECs and fragile areas within the Village: estuarine
waters and shorelines, public trust areas, coastal wetlands, ocean beaches and shorelines, areas
of excessive erosion, natural resource fragile areas, and outstanding resource waters.
i. Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shorelines (AEC)
Estuaries are transition zones between fresh and salt water, usually where a river
or stream flows into the ocean. Estuaries are protected from the full force of ocean waves and
wind by barrier islands, mudflats, or sand. The sheltered waters support an abundance and
diversity of plant and animal life, including marine mammals, shore birds, fish, crabs, clams and
other shellfish, and reptiles. A number of marine organisms, including many of the commercially
valuable fish species, depend on the estuaries for spawning, nursing, or feeding.
Besides serving as an important habitat for wildlife, estuaries also serve as a water
filtration system by removing sediments, nutrients, and pollutants before they reach the ocean.
The filtration process creates cleaner water, which is of benefit to both marine life and people who
inhabit the surrounding areas. Estuaries also are important sources of flood control, with porous
salt marsh soils and grasses absorbing flood waters and dissipating storm surges. Like barrier
islands, they provide natural barriers between the land and the ocean. The Village's entire
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 38

jurisdiction falls adjacent to the estuarine waters of Middle Island. Due to the increased
development occurring throughout the Village, protection of these waters will be a focus
throughout the context of this plan.
Estuarine shorelines are shorelines immediately adjacent to or bordering estuarine
waters. The areas are immediately connected to the estuary and are very vulnerable to heavy
erosion caused by wind and water. In shoreline areas not contiguous to waters classified as ORW
by the Division of Water Quality, all land 75 feet leeward from the normal water level. are
considered to be estuarine shorelines. The Village is not adjacent to any Outstanding Resource
Waters. Development along estuarine shorelines can exacerbate water quality problems within
estuarine waters, and expedite the threats of shorefront erosion and flooding.
Under CAMA rules, all estuarine shorelines are subject to CAMA development
regulations at 15A NCAC 7H.0205-,0208, as follows:
► The location, design and construction of the project must give highest
priority to conserving the biological, economic and social values of coastal
wetlands, estuarine waters and public trust areas, and protect public rights
of navigation and recreation in public trust areas:
► The project should be designed and located to cause the least possible
damage to the productivity and integrity of:
-- coastal wetlands;
-- shellfish beds;
-- submerged grass beds;
-- spawning and nursery areas;
-- important nesting and wintering areas for waterfowl and other
wildlife; and
-- important natural barriers to erosion, such as marshes, cypress
fringes, and clay soils.
► The project must follow the air and water quality standards set by the N.C.
Environmental Management Commission. Generally, development will not
be permitted if it lowers water quality for any existing uses of the water
(such as shellfishing, swimming, or drinking).
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 39

► The project must not significantly increase siltation or erosion, which can
smother important habitats, block sunlight from aquatic plants, and choke
fish and shellfish.
► The project must not create a stagnant body of water, which can affect
oxygen levels and accumulate sediments and pollutants that threaten fish
and shellfish habitats and public health.
► Construction of the project must be timed to have the least impact on the
life cycles and migration patterns of fish, shellfish, waterfowl and other
wildlife. The life cycles of animals that depend on the estuarine system are
especially sensitive during certain times of the year.
► The project must not cause major or irreversible damage to valuable
archaeological or historic resources. Archaeological resources, such as the
remains of Native and Early American settlements, shipwrecks and Civil or
Revolutionary War artifacts, provide valuable information about the history
of the coastal region and its people. Information on the location of these
sites is available from the N.C. Division of Archives and History in the
Department of Cultural Resources.
► The project must not reduce or prevent the use of, and public access to,
estuarine waters and public trust lands and waters.
► The project must comply with the local land use plan. A land use plan is a
"blueprint" developed by local leaders to help guide decisions that affect the
growth of the community. CAMA requires each of the 20 coastal counties
to prepare a local land use plan and update it according to CRC guidelines.
More than 70 cities and towns have adopted their own plans.
ii. Public Trust Areas
The public trust area is comprised of submerged lands waterward of the mean high
water line in tidal, coastal, or navigable waters adjacent to the Village. On the ground, the public
trust area extends from the water up to a prominent debris line or high water mark. In general,
if an area is regularly wet by the tides, it is probably safe to assume that it is in the public trust area.
The public trust area is also sometimes referred to as tidelands, and can be generally defined as
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 40

"public beach." In almost every case, private property ends and public trust property begins at the
mean high water line. The following provides a detailed description of areas that are considered
public trust areas:
► all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands underneath, from the normal
high water mark on shore to the state's official boundary three miles
offshore;
► all navigable natural water bodies and the lands underneath, to the normal
high watermark on shore (a body of water is considered navigable if you
can float a canoe in it). This does not include privately -owned lakes where
the public does not have access rights;
► all water in artificially created water bodies that have significant public
fishing resources and are accessible to the public from other waters; and
► all waters in artificially created water bodies where the public has acquired
rights by prescription, custom, usage, dedication, or any other means.
These areas are significant because the public has rights in these areas, including
navigation and recreation. The public trust areas also support valuable commercial and sports
fisheries, have aesthetic value, and are important resources for economic development. All of the
land within the Village that falls immediately adjacent to waters of the Cape Fear River, estuarine
areas throughout Middle Island, and the Atlantic Ocean are considered public trust areas. Under
CAMA regulations, all lands 30 feet leeward of public trust areas are subject to the restrictions
specified above for estuarine shoreline areas.
Coastal Wetlands
Coastal Resources Commission rules define "Coastal Wetlands" as any marsh in the
20 coastal counties that regularly or occasionally floods by lunar or wind tides, and that includes
one or more of the following ten plant species:
► Spartina alterniflora: Salt Marsh (Smooth) Cord Grass
► Juncus roemerianus: Black Needlerush
► Salicornia spp.: Glasswort
► Distichlis spicata: Salt (or Spike) Grass
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 41

► Limonium spp.: Sea Lavender .
► Scirpus spp.: Bulrush
► Cladium jamaicense: Saw Grass
► Typha spp.: Cattail
► Spartina patens: Salt Meadow Grass
► Spartina rynosuroides: Salt Reed or Giant Cord Grass
Coastal wetlands provide significant environmental and economic benefits to the
Village. They protect against flooding, help maintain water quality, provide habitat to wildlife, and
serve as part of the estuarine system.
In 2003, DCM classified and mapped coastal wetlands based on an analysis of
several existing data sets, including aerial photographs and satellite images of coastal areas in North
Carolina, including all portions of Brunswick County. Even though the presence of wetlands must
be established by an on -site delineation and investigation of plants, DCM produced an excellent
representation of wetlands in the Village, and throughout coastal North Carolina. The location
of all wetlands identified within the Village are shown on Map 6.
According to NCDCM's 2003 Coastal Wetlands Inventory, approximately 18.8%
of the Village's land area, or 271.6 acres, are coastal wetlands (see Table 21).
Table 21: Village of Bald Head Island
Coastal Wetlands by Type and Aerial Extent
% of Total Town
Wetlands
Acres
Acreage
Cleared Depressional Swamp Forest
0.01
0.001%
Cleared Estuarine Shrub/Scrub
0.19
0.020%
Cutover Depressional Swamp Forest
0.01
0.001 %
Cutover Estuarine Shrub/Scrub
5.79
0.540%
Depressional Swamp Forest
0.24
0.020%
Estuarine Forest
18.22
1.700%
Estuarine Shrub/Scrub
153.37
14.300%
Managed Pineland
. 3.93
0.370%
Salt/Brackish Marsh
890.48
83.050%
Total
1,072.24
100.000%
Source: NCDCM Wetlands Inventory, 2003.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 42

<.OF.-O MAP
0
SLANG Village of
Bald Head Island
Land Use Plan
Areas
of Environmental Concern -
Wetlands
end
Village of Bald Head Island Corporate Limits
Bald Head Island Ferry Route
Hydrology
Wetlands
K Cleared Depressional Swamp Forest
Cleared Estuarine Shrub/Scrub
Cutover Depressional Swamp Forest
Cutover Estuarine Shrub/Scrub
Depressional Swamp Forest
Estuarine Forest
Estuarine Shrub/Scrub
Managed Pineland
Salt/Brackish Marsh
0
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
ol�� Consulting Planners, Inc.
Page 43

The following provides the DCM descriptions of the various wetland areas found
in the Village. These descriptions are followed by the modifiers cleared and cutover as indicated
in the table above:
Depressional Swamp Forest - Very poorly drained non-riverine forested or
occasionally scrub/shrub communities that are semi -permanently or temporarily
flooded. Typical species include cypress, black gum, water tupelo, green ash, and
red maple.
Estuarine Shrub/Scrub - Any shrub/scrub dominated community subject to.
occasional flooding by tides, including wind tides (whether or not the tide waters
reach the marshland areas through natural or artificial watercourses). Typical
species include wax myrtle and eastern red cedar.
Estuarine Forest -Aforested wetland community subject to occasional flooding
by tides, including wind tides (whether or not the tide waters reach these areas
through natural or artificial watercourses). Examples include pine -dominated
communities with rushes in the understory or fringe swamp communities.
Managed Pineland - Seasonally saturated, managed pine forests (usually loblolly
pine) occurring on hydric soils. This wetland category may also contain non -
managed pine forests occurring on hydric soils. Generally these are areas that
were not shown on National Wetlands Inventory maps. These areas may or may
not be jurisdictional wetlands. Since this category is based primarily on soils data
and 30 meter resolution satellite imagery, it is less accurate than the other
wetland categories. The primary criteria for mapping these areas are hydric soils
and a satellite imagery classification of 'pine forest'.
Salt/Brackish Marsh - Any salt marsh or other marsh subject to regular or
occasional flooding by tides, including wind tides (whether or not the tide waters
reach the marshland areas through natural or artificial watercourses), as long as
this flooding does not include hurricane or tropical storm waters. Coastal wetland
plant species include: smooth cordgrass, black needlerush, glasswort, salt grass,
sea lavender, salt marsh bullrush, saw grass, cattail, salt meadow cordgrass, and
big cordgrass.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 44

above:
The following provides the definition of the modifiers used in the wetlands table
Cleared Wetland - Areas of hydric soils for which satellite imagery indicates a
lack of vegetation in both 1988 and 1994. These areas are likely to no longer be
wetlands.
Cutover Wetland - Areas for which satellite imagery indicates a lack of
vegetation in 1994. These areas are likely to still be wetlands; however, they have
been recently cut over. The vegetation in cutover areas may be regenerating
naturally, or the area may in use for silvicultural activities.
iv. Ocean Beaches and Shorelines & Inlet Hazard Areas (Areas of Excessive
Erosion
Ocean beaches and shorelines are lands consisting of unconsolidated soil materials
that extend from the mean low water line landward to a point where either (1) the growth of
vegetation occurs, or (2) a distinct change in slope or elevation alters the configuration of the land
form, whichever is farther landward. The entire southern length of the Village is an ocean beach.
The Village contains approximately 5.5 miles of ocean erodible areas and high hazard flood areas.
This entire area constitutes an Ocean Hazard AEC as defined by CAMA. The
Ocean Hazard AEC covers North Carolina's beaches and any other oceanfront lands that are
subject to long-term erosion and significant shoreline changes. The seaward boundary of this AEC
is the mean low water line.
The landward limit of the AEC is measured from the first line of stable natural
vegetation and is determined by adding:
► a distance equal to 60 times the long-term, average annual erosion rate for
that stretch of shoreline to
P. the distance of erosion expected during a major storm.
The average annual erosion rates and the respective setback limits for each
boundary is shown on Map 7. The erosion rates, and in turn the setbacks, vary substantially along
the shoreline of the Village. On Map 7, there are two different sets of setback requirements. One
set applies to lots that were platted under prior setback requirements as set by NCDCM. These
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 45

setbacks are referred to as grandfathered setback requirements. The second set indicates the
current requirements and applies to newly established lots. When a lot is subdivided, the setback
requirements that are in place at that time will apply in perpetuity unless a particular lot is
subdivided at a later date when new requirements are in place. The CRC updates these long-term
-erosion rates about every five years using aerial photographs to examine shoreline changes.
.General maps of erosion rates are available free from the Division of Coastal Management;
detailed erosion rate maps are available for inspection at all Coastal Management field and local
permitting offices.
The following requirements apply to all development in the Ocean Hazard AEC
(I SA NCAC 7H .0306):
► The development must be located and designed to protect human lives and
property from storms and erosion, to prevent permanent structures from
encroaching on public beaches and reduce the public costs (such as disaster
relief aid) that can result from poorly located development.
► The development must incorporate all reasonable means and methods to
avoid damage to the natural environment or public beach accessways.
Reasonable means and methods include: limiting the scale of the project
and the damage it causes; restoring a damaged site; or providing substitute
resources to compensate for damage.
► No growth -inducing development paid for (in any part) by public funds will
be permitted if it is likely to require more public funds for maintenance and
continued use — unless the benefits of the project will outweigh the
required public expenditures.
► The project should be set as far back from the ocean as possible. At
minimum, all buildings must be located behind the crest of the primary
dune, the landward toe of the frontal dune, or the erosion setback line -
whichever is the farthest from the first line of stable natural vegetation.
► The project must not remove or relocate sands or vegetation from primary
or frontal dunes. These dunes help protect structures from erosion,
flooding, and storm waves, and they help maintain North Carolina's barrier
islands and beaches.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 46

The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
t
A
��
a�
1�
Q
Feet
0 1,000 2,000 4,000 6,000
V
((jMAP 7
Village of
Bald Head Island
Land Use Plan
Long-term
Average Annual Shoreline Change
and Setback Factors
' Legend
Village of Bald Head Island Corporate Limits
J Brunswick County
�i Streets
Setback Factor
-41k,0 2.0 Ft./Yr
3.0 Ft./Yr
3.5 Ft./Yr
4.0 Ft./Yr
I4%wp 5.0 Ft./Yr
7.0 FLNr
6.0 Ft./Yr
9.0 Ft./Yr
12.0 Ft./Yr
15.0 Ft./Yr
Grandfathered Setbacks
4 *� 60 Feet (STAGE 1)
4 *. 120 Feet (STAGE 11)
4 *, 210 Feet (STAGE 11)
g 250 Feet (STAGE II)
® Hydrology
® Inlet Hazard Area
H
9
prive
120 Feet D
a ni
n
O
0
cn
a�
Source: North Carolina Division of Coastal Management

► Moving a building that is in an ocean hazard *area will require a CAMA
permit. Buildings relocated entirely with private funds should be relocated
as far landward as possible. Buildings relocated with public funds must meet
all AEC standards, including the setback requirement. .
► The project must meet all local minimum lot -size and setback
requirements. Counties and towns often require a setback from roads,
property lines, or dunes.
► The project must comply with the local CAMA land use plan. A land use
plan contains a community's goals, management policies, and a map
classifying land according to the types of development allowed.
► A mobile home must not be placed within the high hazard flood area unless
it is in a mobile home park that existed before June 1, 1979. Not only are
mobile homes likely to be damaged by coastal storms, they are also likely
to damage other buildings during storms.
► The public's ability to reach, use, and enjoy the resources that belong to all
the people of the state must not be interfered with or blocked. These
resources include the wet sand beaches and waters. No development is
allowed seaward of the vegetation line, because the public has a right to use
the sandy beach. Development also may not block established pathways
to the beach.
► The project must -not cause major or irreversible damage to valuable
archaeological or historic resources. Information on the location of these
sites is available from the N.C. Division of Archives and History in the
Department of Cultural Resources.
► The construction of publicly -funded projects, such as sewers, water lines,
roads, bridges and erosion control works, will be permitted only if they:
-- greatly benefit the public, nation, or state;
-- do not promote additional development in ocean hazard AECs;
-- will not damage natural buffers to erosion, wave wash, and flooding;
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 48

-- will not otherwise increase existing hazards.
► Meet all setback requirements for all development in the Ocean Hazard
AEC.
Inlet hazard areas are portions of land that lie adjacent to . turbulent waters
associated with inlet navigation channels Land adjacent to the inlet hazard area is extremely
vulnerable to inlet migration, rapid and severe changes in watercourse, flooding and strong tides.
The location of the inlet hazard area along the western coast of the island is shown on Map 7.
Erosion rates along this portion of beach are extremely high. The US Army Corps of Engineers
has just completed a channel maintenance project for this inlet. As part of this project
approximately 1.2 million cubic yards of. sand was placed on South Beach. This channel is dredged
on a periodic basis every three to five years. Restrictions regarding development along the
shoreline adjacentto the inlet hazard area follow the same provisions as shorelines within an ocean
hazard area, however, the following additional restrictions apply:
► Permanent structures can be permitted at a density of no more than one
commercial or residential per 15,000 square feet of land area.
► Only residential structures of four units or less or non-residential units of
less than 5,000 square feet total floor area will be allowed.
V. Protected Land and Significant Natural Heritage Areas
Natural resource fragile areas are generally recognized to be of educational,
scientific, or cultural value because of the natural features of the particular site. Features in these
areas serve to distinguish them from the vast majority of the landscape. These areas include
complex natural areas, areas that sustain remnant species, pocosins, wooded swamps, prime
wildlife habitats, or registered natural landmarks.
Within the Village, the State of North Carolina recognizes three primary sites as
protected lands. These include the Bald Head Woods Coastal Reserve, comprising the maritime
forest centrally located on the island, and the Bald Head Island Natural Area, which comprises the
estuarine waters adjacent to Middle Island, as well as the large parcel at Cape Fear on the island's
southeastern point. Additionally, the NC Division of Parks and Recreation has also identified four
Significant Natural Heritage Areas that fall within the jurisdiction of the Village. These include
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 49

central Bald Head Island, Bluff Island and East Beach, the Lower Cape Fear Aquatic Habitat, and
Middle Island. For more information about Middle Island, see Section VI(E)(2)(b) - Future Land
Use Acreages. The locations of all these areas are shown on Maps 8 and 9. The maritime forest
is a state -defined conservation area, and falls under the state's jurisdiction. The remaining
protected lands, either fall under the jurisdiction of the Smith Island Land Trust or are overseen
by the Bald Head Island Conservancy.
The Smith Island Land Trust is a non-profit organization that was formed in 1996.
The organization's mission is as follows: "to acquire and preserve historically and ecologically
significant lands on Smith Island for the benefit of current and future generations." The Smith
Island Land Trust merged with the Bald Head Island Conservancy in 2002. In conjunction, these
two entities work to maintain and conserve the natural and pristine environment that exists
throughout the Village. Since 1996, the Smith Island Land Trust has secured two large tracts of
land totaling 24 acres, and have received private donations of an additional 25 lots that will remain
in their natural state in perpetuity. The intent of these actions is to alleviate development density
in an effort to preserve the ecological environment and water quality throughout the Village, as
well as Bluff Island. To provide additional protection, the Conservation Trust of North Carolina
has placed conservation easements on these properties. The Bald Head Island Conservancy has
ongoing efforts to acquire additional properties and conservation easements throughout the Village
to further this cause. The acreage figures for these areas are summarized in Table 22.
Table 22: Village of Bald Head Island
Significant Natural Heritage Areas and Protected Lands
Area
Acres
% of Total
Town Acres
Bald Head Woods Coastal Reserve
191.1
6.1 %
Bald Head Island Natural Area
1,143.3
36.5%
Bald Head Island SNHA
1,753.1
56.0%
Bluff Island and East Beach SNHA
49.1
1.6%
Lower Cape Fear River Aquatic
51.7
1.7%
Habitat SNHA
Middle Island SNHA
1,026.3
32.8%
Source: North Carolina Parks and Recreation Department and CGIA.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 50

Source: Village of Bald Head Island
Inspections and Planning Department,
North Carolina Center for Geographic Information
1 inch equals 1,800 feet
0 1,125 2,250 4,500 6,750
I Feet
9,000
o �O
c>3
Q)
U
0
a`� OF - 1 MAP 8
-� v
a
fsLnN� Village of
Bald Head Island
Land Use Plan
Protected Lands
Legend
Village of Bald Head Island Corporate Limits
Bald Head Island Ferry Route
Hydrology
Protected Lands
Bald Head Island Natural Area
Bald Head Woods Coastal Reserve
Silt Tracts
Smith Island Land Trust Tract
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
/ Page 51

V.Vc`` OF • i MAP 9
> m
fSLANo Village of
Bald Head Island
Land Use Plan
Significant
Natural Heritage Areas
egend
112 Village of Bald Head Island Corporate Limits
^Z % Bald Head Island Ferry Route
Hydrology
Significant Natural Heritage Areas
BALD HEAD ISLAND
BLUFF ISLAND AND EAST BEACH
LOWER CAPE FEAR RIVER AQUATIC HABITAT
MIDDLE ISLAND
06 Smith Island Land Trust Tract 1
Smith Island Land Trust Tract 2
Smith Island Land Trust Tract 3
Smith Island Land Trust Tract 4
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
Page 52

vi. Outstanding Resource Waters
All surface waters in North Carolina are assigned a primary classification by the NC
Division of Water Quality (DWQ). Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW). is a supplemental
-classification intended to protect unique and special waters having excellent water quality and
being of exceptional state or national ecological or recreational significance. To qualify, waters
must be rated "Excellent" by DWQ and have one of the following outstanding resource values:
► Outstanding fish habitat or fisheries,
► Unusually high level of waterbased recreation,
► Some special designation such as NC or National Wild/Scenic/
Natural/Recreational River, National Wildlife Refuge, etc.,
► Important component of state or national park or forest, or
► Special ecological or scientific significance (rare or endangered species
habitat, research or educational areas).
No new or expanded wastewater discharges are allowed; although there are no
restrictions on the types of discharges to these waters. There are also associated stormwater
runoff, building density, best agricultural practices, and landfill siting controls enforced by the
Division of Water Quality.
The Village is not adjacent to any waters classified as ORW by the Division of Water
- Quality.
h. Areas of Resource Potential
i. Regionally Significant Parks
There are no public parks of regional or statewide significance within the corporate
limits of the Village, aside from the state -defined protected areas discussed above. There are,
however, regional beach access sites located throughout the Village's jurisdiction. Regional beach
access sites are defined by the NC Division of Coastal Management as public beach access sites
that are generally the largest of the access sites and that have clear signage, ample parking, and
often have other facilities such as restrooms, showers and picnic tables.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 53

ii. Marinas and Mooring Fields
Marinas are defined as any publicly- or privately -owned dock, basin, or wet boat
storage facility constructed to accommodate more than ten boats and providing any of the
following services: permanent or transient docking spaces, dry storage, fueling facilities, haulout
facilities, and repair service. Excluded from this definition are boat ramp facilities allowing access
only, temporary docking and none of the preceding services. There is one large marina facility
located within the Village that is owned by the Bald Head Island Club and leased to BHI
Transportation and to the BHI Club. The marina slips have recently undergone expansion, and
there are currently 150 yacht club boat slips. Of the 150 boat slips at the marina, approximately
90 are under a year round lease agreement. This leaves 60 slips available for overnight and/or
weekly use. All slips provide electric and water services. Several of the slips also have cable
service available. This marina accommodates both long term and short term rentals. It is not
anticipated that additional marina facilities will be constructed within the Village.
A "freestanding mooring" is any means to attach a ship,. boat, vessel, floating
structure, or other water craft to a stationary underwater device, mooring buoy, buoyed anchor,
or piling (as long as the piling is not associated with an existing or proposed pier, dock, or
boathouse). When more than one freestanding mooring is used in the same general vicinity, it is
commonly referred to as a mooring field. There are no mooring fields within the Village.
iii. Floating Homes
A floating home or structure is any structure, not a boat, supported by means of
flotation, designed to be used without a permanent foundation, which is used or, intended for
human habitation or commerce. A structure will be considered a floating structure when it is
inhabited or used for commercial purposes for more than 30 days in any one location. A boat may
be deemed a floating structure when its means of propulsion has been removed or rendered
inoperative and it contains at least 200 square feet of living space area. There are currently no
floating homes within the Village.
iv. Channel Maintenance
There are navigable channels that run into the Village that are utilized by residents,
as well as the island's ferry system. The BHI Marina Entrance serves as the gateway to the island,
and maintenance of this channel is an integral part of day-to-day operations on the island.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 54

Additionally, the US Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for maintenance of the shipping
channel located off the western end of the Village. One benefit to the Village is that when this
channel is periodically dredged, the least cost option for disposal of the spoil is on the south and
east facing beaches of the island. The Village will continue to support this policy unless it is
determined that the channel needs deepening. It should be noted that the Village opposes
deepening of this channel unless it is shifted west. The Village currently has a contract with the
US Army Corps of Engineers to receive this sand through 2006.
V. Marine Resources (Water OualitY) -
The North Carolina Division of Water Quality (DWQ) monitors approximately one-
third of the state's stream miles for water quality. For stream miles not monitored, DWQ uses
professional judgement to evaluate whether the streams are supporting their designated uses. The
State categorizes miles of stream as Fully Supporting, Support Threatened, Partially Supporting or
Not Supporting. Partially Supporting and Not Supporting mean that a stream is supporting only
part or none of its designated uses. These streams are considered by the State to be impaired.
Support Threatened means that though the stream is currently supporting its full uses, there is
reason to believe it may not support them in the future. The following table provides a detailed
breakdown of water quality classifications as defined by the North Carolina Division of Water
Quality.
Table 23: NC Division of Water Quality
Water Body Classifications -
PRIMARY FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER CLASSIFICATIONS*
CLASS
BEST USES .
C and SC
Aquatic life propagation/protection and secondary recreation
B and SB
Primary recreation and Class C uses
SA
Waters classified for commercial shellfish harvesting
WS
Water Supply watershed. There are five WS classes ranging from WS-1 through WS-V. WS
classifications are assigned to watersheds based on land use characteristics of the area. Each water
supply classification has a set of management strategies to protect the surface water supply. WS-1
provides the highest level of protection and WS-V provides the least protection. A Critical Area (CA)
designation is also listed for watershed areas within a half -mile and draining to the water supply intake
or reservoir where an intake is located.
SUPPLEMENTAL CLASSIFICATIONS
CLASS
BEST USES
SW
Swamp Waters: Recognizes waters that will naturally be more acidic (have lower pH values) and have
lower levels of dissolved oxygen. .
Tr
Trout Waters: Provides protection to freshwaters for natural trout propagation and survival of stocked
trout.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 55

Table 23: NC Division of Water Quality
Water Body Classifications (Continued)
CLASS BEST USES
HQW High Quality Waters: Waters possessing special qualities including excellent water quality, Native or
Special Native Trout Waters, Critical habitat areas, or WS-1 and WS-II water supplies.
ORW Outstanding Resource Waters: Unique and special surface waters that are unimpacted by pollution and
have some outstanding resource values.
NSW Nutrient Sensitive Waters: Areas with water quality problems associated with excessive plant growth
resulting from nutrient enrichment.
'Primary classifications beginning with an "S" are assigned to saltwaters.
Source: NC Division of Water Quality.
There are only 13 different water bodies or segments immediately adjacent to
Village. Table 24 provides a listing of all water bodies that are classified by the NC Division of
Water Quality. Also included are their stream index number and assigned classification. Map 10
identifies the location of these water bodies.
Table 24: Village of Bald Head Island
Listing of Water Bodies
Name of Stream
Description
Stream Index
Number
Class
Cape Fear River
From a line across the river from Snows Point (through
18-(87.5)
SA; HQW
Snows Marsh) to Federal Point to Atlantic Ocean
Buzzard Bay
Entire bay
18-88-8-2
SA; HQW
Muddy Slough
Entire slough
18-88-8-2-1
SA; HQW
Still Creek
From Muddy Slough to Buzzard Bay
18-88-8-2-2
SA; HQW
Burris Creek
From Muddy Slough to Buzzard Bay
18-88-8-2-3
SA; HQW
Cedar Creek
From Cape Fear River to Buzzard Bay
18-88-8-2-4
SA; HQW
Cape Creek
From source to Cape Fear River
18-88-8-3
SA; HQW
Bay Creek
From source to Cape Creek
18-88-8-3-1
SA; HQW
Deep Creek
From source to Bay Creek
18-88-8-3-1-1
SA; HQW
Bald Head Creek
From source to Cape Fear River
18-88-8-4
SA; HQW
Fishing Creek
From source to Bald Head Creek
18-88-8-4-1
SA; HQW
Bald Head Island
All waters of the basin and entrance channel
18-88-8-5
SC:#
Marina Basin
Atlantic Ocean
The waters of the Atlantic Ocean contiguous to that
99-(3)
SB
portion of the Cape Fear River Basin that extends from the
edge of the White Oak River Basin to the southwestern
end of Smith Island at a point called Bald Head
Source: NC Division of Water Quality.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 56

��.CF.7 MAP 10
lSLAN� Village of
Bald Head Island
Land Use Plan
Locations of Water Bodies
Legend
Village of Bald Head Island Corporate Limits
Fisheries Nursery Areas
Hydrology
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
KYCP
,E-Zolland Planners, Inc.
Page 57

2. Environmental Composite Map
Under the updated CAMA Planning Guidelines, there is a requirement for the preparation of an
Environmental Composite Map. The preparation of this map involves an overlay analysis of
_geographic data layers involving natural features and environmental conditions. The layers are
classified into three categories based on their environmental sensitivity. The intent of this analysis
is to break the jurisdiction into three separate land classifications in aneffort to identify what
portions of land are most and least suitable for future development with respect to environmental
conditions and sensitive areas. A land suitability analysis will also be performed in the context of
this plan that will incorporate community facilities into an analysis similar to the environmental
composite map. The following table details the Geographic Information System (GIS) data that
was utilized in the preparation of the environmental composite map.
Table 25: Village of Bald Head Island
Environmental Composite Map Layers
Layer
Class I
Class II
Class III
Coastal Wetlands
✓
Exceptional or Substantial Non -Coastal Wetlands
✓
Beneficial Non -Coastal Wetlands
✓
Estuarine Waters
✓
Soils with Slight or Moderate Septic Limitations
✓
Flood Zones
✓
Storm Surge Areas
✓
HQW/ORW Watersheds
✓
Water Supply Watersheds
✓
Significant Natural Heritage Areas
✓
Protected Lands
✓
In order to make this analysis more useful, a slightly different approach was taken in compiling this
map. NC Division of Coastal Management has provided the Village with a model that breaks the
Village's jurisdiction into one -acre cells. Breaking the planning jurisdiction into these one -acre cells
distorts the outcome of this analysis, mainly because a majority of the lots within the Village are
smaller than one -acre in total area. In order to produce an environmental composite map that
more accurately depicts the true nature and location of environmentally sensitive areas within the
Village, a different approach was taken.
In orderto establish accurate data layers for Environmental Composite Classes 1-3, all data related
to each class was simply merged into a single GIS data layer. The result of this operation was the
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 58

creation of three independent datasets that include the boundaries of each GIS layer defined for
Classes 1, 2, and 3.
Table 25 above lists all of the GIS data that was utilized in the preparation of the environmental
composite map. Additionally, this table lists whether each data layer was classified as Class I, II,
or III. This classification corresponds to the development potential of a defined area with respect
to environmentally sensitive areas located throughout the corporate limits of the Village. The
following provides a definition of the three classes:
Class I — Land that contains only minimal hazards and limitations that can be
addressed by commonly accepted land planning and development practices. Class
land will generally support the more intensive types of land uses and development.
Class II — Land that has hazards and limitations for development that can be
addressed by restrictions on land uses, special site planning, or the provision of
public services, such as water and sewer. Land in this class will generally support
only the less intensive uses, such as low density residential, without significant
investment in services.
Class III — Land that has serious hazards and limitations. Land in this class will
generally support very low intensity uses, such as conservation and open space.
Map I I displays the outcome of the environmental composite overlay analysis. This map was
compiled by merging all of the GIS data listed under each of the classes above. All data listed
under Class III was merged to form the boundaries shown on the environmental composite map.
This process was repeated for Classes I and II. Table 26 provides a summary of the land area
within the Village that falls within each of the defined classes.
Table 26: Village of Bald Head Island
Environmental Composite Acreage
Acreage
% of Total
Class 1
0.0
0.0%
Class II
1,238.5
50.1 %
Class III
1,234.5
49.9%
Total
2,473.0
100.0%
Source: NC Division of Coastal Management, Holland Consulting Planners, Inc., and Brunswick County GIS.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 59

��.oF. y MAP 11
0
rS�AN� Village of
Bald Head Island
Land Use Plan
Environmental Composite
'Legend
1112 Village of Bald Head Island Corporate Limits
Bald Head Island Ferry Route
Hydrology
Environmental Composite
No Class I located on Bald Head
Class II
Class III
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Aq—
ol�� Consulting Planners, Inc.
Page 60

3. Environmental Conditions
a. Introduction
A river "basin," or watershed, is the entire land area drained by a river. All life that resides
within the defined boundaries of a particular river basin are linked by this water course. Due to
this linkage, any pollution that occurs in a basin, even if it occurs far away from the river itself, can
eventually wind up in the river, and in turn affect water quality throughout the basin.
In response to this issue, the NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources
launched the Basinwide Water Quality -Planning Program. The Village falls completely within the
Cape Fear River Basin, and therefore falls under the recommendations and analysis included in the
Cape Fear River Basinwide Water Quality Plan. The Cape Fear River Basinwide Water Quality
Plan was adopted by the Division of Water Quality in 1996 with updates occurring in 2000 and
2005. The following are the goals of DWQ's basinwide program:
► Identify water quality problems and restore full use to Impaired waters.
► Identify and protect high value resource waters.
► Protect unimpaired waters while allowing for reasonable economic growth.
These goals are accomplished through the following objectives:
► Collaborate with other agencies to develop appropriate management strategies.
► Assure equitable distribution of waste assimilative capacity.
► Better evaluate cumulative effects of pollution.
► Improve public awareness and involvement.
As existing and future land uses are considered within the Village, these goals should be
kept in mind. More detailed water quality information is available for municipal jurisdictions at the
subbasin level. Subbasins are geographic areas that represent part of a watershed, made up of a
combination of drainage areas and/or distinct hydroponic features, all draining to the primary
watershed. Within the Cape Fear River Basin, the Village is located entirely within subbasin
03-06-17. The Cape Fear River Basin and subbasin boundaries are shown on Map 12.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 6I

sy
fD
0)
N
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
USLAV�'�
IVIf11-' 1North CarolinaN
River Basins and Subbasins w ,�
Land Use Plan
S
Village of Bald Head Island
Miles
0 30 60 120 180 240
Source: North Carolina Center for Geographic Information
ol�� Consulting Planners, Inc.
Legend
O Village of Bald Head Island Corporate Limits
0 River Basins
Subbasins
Subbasin 03-06-17

b. Cape Fear River Basin
The Cape Fear River Basin is the largest river basin in the State of North Carolina. The
basin encompasses 9,149 square miles and covers atotal of 26 different counties. There are 6,386
miles of rivers and streams traversing through the river basin. The Cape Fear River Basin forms
at the confluence of the Deep and Haw rivers adjacent to the border of the Chatham/Lee County
line.
Within this river basin, there are several large urban centers including: Greensboro, High
Point, Burlington, Chapel Hill, Durham, Fayetteville, and Wilmington. The Fort Bragg Military Base
is also centrally located within the Cape Fear River Basin. Rapid growth within and adjacent to
these urban areas has resulted in significant impacts on water quality throughout the Cape Fear
River Basin. According to information provided in the 2005 Cape Fear Basinwide Water Quality
Plan, almost I I % of the land within the basin was considered urban and built up by the Natural
Resources Inventory. Comparatively, the Natural Resources Inventory reported that 6.3% of land
was urban and built up in 1982. Swine operations are also detrimental to water quality within the
Cape Fear River Basin. This basin alone is home to approximately 54% of the state's overall swine
operations. These operations are scattered throughout the river basin, although a majority of
them are located inland away from coastal and estuarine waters.
The Cape Fear River Basin supports awide variety of aquatic ecosystems, as well as many
species of aquatic and recreational fish. These include wetlands, estuaries, blackwater rivers, and
rocky streams, all of which support varying aquatic wildlife including 30 endangered species.
C. Hydrologic Unit 03030005 (Subbasin 03-06-17)
Most federal government agencies, including the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the US
Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), use a system of defining watersheds that is
different from that used by the Division of Water Quality (DWQ) and many other state agencies
in North Carolina. Under the federal system, the Cape Fear River Basin is made up of six
hydrologic areas referred to as hydrologic units. Each hydrologic unit is defined by an 8-digit
number. DWQ has a two -tiered system in which the state is subdivided into 17 river basins with
each basin further subdivided into subbasins. The Village falls within Hydrologic Unit 03030005
(Lower Cape Fear River), which is broken down into three subbasins by the North Carolina
Division of Water Quality. Subbasin 03-06-17 encompasses the extreme southern portion of the
Cape Fear River Basin including the Village and the City of Southport.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 63

The Village is not a major contributor to water quality problems within subbasin 03-06-17
of the Cape Fear River Basin. Development within the Village has been steady over the years, but
as growth has occurred careful steps have been taken to ensure the long term environmental
quality of the island and its surrounding waters. Rapid growth and urban expansion on the
mainland portions of Brunswick County have had a much more substantial impact on water quality
within the subbasin, as well as the entire Cape Fear River Basin. The following section is an
excerpt from the 2005 Cape Fear River Basinwide Plan that summarizes the condition of water
quality within Subbasin 03-06-17. This excerpt also includes recommendations for improving
water quality. Water quality ratings for specific water bodies within and around the Village were
discussed earlier in the plan (page 56).
d. Summary of Water Quality Subbasin 03-06-17
I. Introduction
Subbasin 03-06-17 is located in the outer coastal plain and in estuarine regions of
the basin. The subbasin contains portions of the City of Wilmington, City of Southport, and the
Village. Most tributaries in this subbasin are backwater and slow moving or tidal. The primary
land uses are forest and agriculture. However, Wilmington and surrounding suburban areas also
contribute to nonpoint source pollution. There are currently no defined Outstanding Resource
Waters (ORW) within or adjacent to the corporate limits of the Village. The following table
provides a summary of population and land cover characteristics for subbasin 03-06-17.
Table 27: Characteristics of Subbasin 03-06-17
Land and Water Area (sq. miles):
Total Area 547
Land Area 498
Water Area 49
Land Cover (%):
Forest/Wetland
74.7%
Surface Water
9.3%
Urban
4.1 %
Cultivated Crop
7.6%
Pasture/Managed Herbaceous
4.3%
Source: NC Division of Water Quality 2005 Cape Fear River Basinwide Water Quality Management Plan.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 64

There are 4 I individual NPDES wastewater discharge permits in subbasin 03-06-17
with a permitted flow of 99.9 MGD. The largest of them are International Paper (50 MGD),
Progress Energy (3.5 MGD), New Hanover County WWTP (4 MGD), Notshside WWTP (16
MGD), and Southside WWTP (12 MGD).
Use support ratings were assigned for waters in the subbasin in the aquatic life,
recreation, fish consumption, and water supply categories. All waters are Impaired on an
evaluated basis in the fish consumption category because of fish consumption advice that applies
to the entire basin. In the water supply category, all WS classified waters (1.6 miles) are
Supporting on an evaluated basis based on reports from DEH regional water treatment. plan
consultants. The stressor for Impaired waters in subbasin 03-06-17 is Fecal Coliform Bacteria.
In the aquatic life .category, 97.8 stream miles (31.2%), 407 freshwater acres
(32.50/6), and 20,592 estuarine acres (87.8%) were monitored during this assessment period.
There were 6,457 estuarine acres (27.5%) identified as Impaired in this category.
In the recreation category, 21,188.9 estuarine acres (90.4%),44.1 freshwater miles
(14.1 %), and 10.3 coastline miles (45.2%) were monitored during the assessment period. There
were 96.6 estuarine acres (< I %) and 4.7 coastline miles (20.6%) identified as Impaired in this
category.
In the shellfish harvesting category, 8,286.1 estuarine acres (100%) were monitored
during the assessment period. There were 2,061.6 estuarine acres (24.8%) identified as Impaired
in this category.
The Division of Water Quality has concluded that current coastal stormwater rules
have not adequately addressed water quality impacts to public trust waters. Additionally, DWQ's
review of scientific studies has resulted in adetermination that local governments' simply deferring
to state and federal rules to address water quality issues still results in impaired local water quality
based on the following conclusions:
► Areas that have impervious surfaces of 10% or greater can be linked to
local stream degradation.
► Biological diversity has been shown to drop when areas of impervious
surface increase beyond 10-15%.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN ' PAGE 65

► Stream stability is affected when impervious surface approaches 10% in an
area
► Estuaries generally degrade when areas have 10% impervious surface
areas.
► Sensitive fish species loss increases with 12% impervious surface.
2005 Recommendations:
The following recommendations were provided in the Basinwide Water Quality
Management Plan for water bodies within Bald Head Island.
Bald Head Creek. From source to the Cape Fear River (79.9 acres) is Impaired
for shellfish harvesting because this segment is classified by DEH SS as prohibited in growing area
B-2. Bald Head Creek will be added to the 303(d) list of Impaired waters.
Cape Fear River. The 2000 basinwide plan recommended that a TMDL be
developed for dissolved oxygen and that the TM DL be used to guide wasteload allocations for new
and expanding discharges. The Cape Fear River from Polly Gully Creek to ICWW (11.3 miles) is
Impaired for shellfish harvesting because these segments are classified by DEH SS as prohibited
in growing areas B- I and B-4. Segment 18-(87.5)a is Supporting aquatic life and recreation
because no criteria were exceeded at sites BA722 and S-43. Segment 18-(87.5)B is Supporting,
shellfish harvesting and aquatic life because this area is approved and no criteria were exceeded
at site BA734.
DWQ is developing a TMDL to address the low dissolved oxygen in these
segments. TMDL targets and allocations will be addressed as part of the process. Modeling
efforts will include a watershed model of the Northeast Cape Fear River and hydrodynamic and
water quality modeling of the estuary. The TMDL was scheduled to be submitted to EPA in late
2005. Until the TMDL is approved by EPA, new and expanding discharges will be carefully
considered on a case -by -case basis. The NPDES compliance process will be used to address the
significant permit violations noted above.
Fishing Creek. From source to Bald Head Creek (7.9 acres) is Impaired for
shellfishing harvesting because this segment is classified by DEH SS as prohibited in growing area
B-1. Fishing Creek will be added to the 303(d) list of Impaired waters.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 66

ii. Roistered Animal Operations/Population Density within Cape Fear River
Basin
The following table provides a summary of registered swine operations within Cape
Fear River subbasin 03-06-17. The numbers only reflect those operations required by law to be
registered. There are no registered cattle or poultry operations in the subbasin or adjacent to the
Village.
Table 28. Cape Fear River Basin - Subbasin 03-06-17
Registered Animal Operations
Swine*
Subbasin No. of Facilities No. of Animals Total Steady State Live Weight*"
03-06-17 7 40,866 - 6,381,110
*There are no other registered animal operations located within subbasin 03-06-17.
**Steady State Live Weight (SSLW) is the result, in pounds, after a conversion factor has been applied to the number
(head count)of swine, cattle, or poultry on a farm. The conversion factors, which come from the Natural Resource
Conservation Service (NRCS) guidelines, vary depending on the type of animals on the farm and the type of operation
(for example, there are five types of hog farms). Since the amount of waste produced varies by the size of the animal,
SSLW is the best way to compare the sizes of the farms.
Source: NC Division of Water Quality 2005 Cape Fear River Basinwide Water Quality Plan.
Table 29 provides population density by subbasin for the Cape Fear River Basin.
This information is useful in determining what streams are likely to be affected by population
growth.
Table 29. Cape Fear River Basin
Population Density, 2000
Population Density
Subbasin
(Persons/Sq. Mile)
03-06-01
352
03-06-02
441
03-06-03
508
03-06-04
181
03-06-05
419
03-06-06
315
03-06-07
257
03-06-08
510
03-06-09
180
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 67

Table 29. Cape Fear River Basin
Population Densities, 2000 (continued)
Population Density
Subbasin
(Persons/Sq. Mile)
03-06-10
101
03-06-11
98
03-06-12
82
03-06-13
162
03-06-14
03-06-15
03-06-16
03-06-17
03-06-18
03-06-19
03-06-20
03-06-21
03-06-22
03-06-23
03-06-24
Total
166
344
85
143
173
63
42
113
66
148
361
197
Source: NC Division of Water Quality 2005 Cape Fear River Basinwide Water Quality Plan.
Growth Trends
Between 1990 and 2000, the population within the Cape Fear River Basin increased
an estimated 19.4%. The Cape Fear River Basinwide Water Quality Plan projects percent growth
between 2000 and 2020 for counties in the basin. Since river basin boundaries do not coincide
with county boundaries, these numbers are not directly applicable to the Cape Fear River Basin.
They are estimates of county -wide population changes.
Population growth trends for, the basin between 2000 and 2020 indicate eight
counties with growth rates in excess of 30% and ten counties with growth rates of 20% to 30%,
with a total population increase in the basin of 28.9%. According to the Water Quality Plan,
Brunswick County is expected to experience a 35.2% population increase between 2000 and
2020. Growth rates and demographic information specific to the Village has been discussed earlier
in the plan.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 68

e. Wastewater Treatment Facilities
Originally the Village relied solely on private septic tank systems for the disposal and
treatment of wastewater. As development increased within the Village, it became very apparent
that an alternative method would be required due to the rapid increase in development that
occurred between 1980 and 1990. In response to concerns related to wastewater treatment, Bald
Head Island Utilities installed two 50,000 gpd package treatment plants, and began installing central
sewer system lines throughout main thoroughfares of the Village. Bald Head Island Utilities, Inc.,
was the original owner of the utilities. The Village has acquired the water and sewer utility
systems and assumed responsibilities regarding oversight and maintenance of the system.
This system became antiquated over time, so the two plants were replaced by a single
batch processing plant that is capable of serving the entire Village. The Village is working toward
running the central sewer system to all portions of its corporate limits; however, this process is
taking time. Although a majority of the Village is currently served, several private septic systems
still exist. Eventually it is anticipated that all properties will be served by the system, except those
located at Middle Island. For more information about Middle Island, see Section VI(E)(2)(b) Future
Land Use Acreages. Currently, the Village's policy is to extend sewer service to properties as they
are developed or when property owners experience problems with their on -site septic systems.
It is anticipated that over time this will result in the sewer extension to all portions of Stage I and
Stage II, as well as Middle Island. It is anticipated that all properties within the Village will be on
central sewer by the year 2027.
According to the Brunswick County Health Department, the private septic tank systems
that do still exist within the Village are operating properly and do not pose athreat to water quality
conditions within or adjacent to the Village.
f. Natural Hazards
The Village is very vulnerable to the effects of natural hazards in the form of hurricanes,
coastal flooding, and nor'easters. One of the most significant impacts of these events is the
flooding and beach erosion that occurs. The Village has a proactive approach to dealing with the
issue of beach erosion; however, there is no straight forward approach to ensuring the safety of
personal property when a hurricane and/or flooding event occurs. The locations of both flood
zones and storm surge inundation areas have been discussed in detail earlier in the plan (refer to
page 27). These two areas aim to define boundaries around portions of land that will potentially
flood in storm events of varying magnitude.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 69

In order to further define how significant an impact a major storm event may have on the
Village, the following table provides the acreage within the AE and VE flood zones by land use
type. These two flood zones are considered to be high hazard areas, where there is a one percent
annual chance of a flooding event. The primary distinction between these two zones is that
-properties within the VE zone are also vulnerable to coastal wave action. All properties within
these two zones are required to carry federal flood insurance. Additionally, development within
these areas must comply with the Village's Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance, which has
provisions for construction and finished floor elevation to increase the safety of a structure if a
flooding event occurs. Table 30 provides the Village's acreage that falls within the AE and VE flood
zones by land use. According to this table, 693 or 84.5% of the housing units within the Village
fall within or are immediately adjacent to a flood hazard area. This includes both single- and multi-;
family housing units.
Table 30: Village of Bald Head Island
Developable Land Use Acreage within Flood Hazard Areas
Land Use
Acres
% of Total
Association Owned Properties
125.5
6.3%
Commercial
12.7
0.6%
Government
9.0
0.5%
Multi -Family Residential
12.3
0.6%
Office & Institutional
2.2
0.1 %
Right -of -Way
104.4
5.3%
Recreation
116.2
5.9%
Single -Family Residential
195.2
9.8%
Utilities
9.9
0.5%
Vacant
1,396.2
70.4%
Total
1,983.6
100.0%
NOTE: There are 654.8 undevelopable acres within the Village. These areas are comprised of wetlands, estuarine
areas, and other water bodies.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc., Brunswick County GIS, and Bald Head Island.
g. Natural Resources
The Village is home to many natural resources including significant natural heritage areas,
wetlands, public trust areas, and state -defined protected lands. These areas have been discussed
in detail earlier in the plan. This discussion begins on page 25 of the plan and includes maps
showing the locations of all natural resources and areas of environmental concern within the
jurisdiction of the Village.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 70

C. ANALYSIS OF LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT
I. Existing Land Use
.In order to address future development within the Village, it is necessary to establish a snapshot
of what is currently developed within the Village's jurisdiction. Conducting a detailed land use
survey allows for a review of existing land use patterns. This survey will assist in identifying land
use patterns and trends that exist within the Village's planning jurisdiction. This process will serve
two main purposes: identifying key conflicts in land use and addressing the issue of future housing
demand. This review will provide a solid foundation for decisions regarding future land use and
policy development.
A detailed land use survey was conducted for the entire planning jurisdiction of the Village. This
survey was completed through the use of aerial photography, county tax data, and on -site
windshield surveys. The existing land use map was then submitted to the Village Planning and
Inspections Department for review to address any errors. Land use within the Village was broken
into the following land use categories:. multi -family residential, commercial, office & institutional,
recreational, single-family residential, governmental, utility, right-of-way, and undeveloped.
The following provides a summary of what types of facilities are included in each of the land use
categories listed above:
Multi -Family Residential - all residential structures with two or more attached
dwelling units on a single property.
Commercial - This land use category includes private business operations located
throughout the Village. These include restaurants, the marina, retail shopping
facilities, and any commercially operated overnight accommodations (bed &
breakfast operations)
Office & Institutional - These properties include all professional office -related
uses, as well as any institutional uses. Institutional uses include churches,
membership organization meeting facilities.
Recreational - Recreational land uses on the land use map correspond to all
public/private recreational facilities. In the case of the Bald Head Island Golf
Course, the entire complex has been shown as recreational. The clubhouse and
pro shop facilities, although a commercial establishment, have been classified as
recreational, due to the fact that they are a service facility tied to the golf course.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 71

Single -Family Residential - This land use category includes all single-family
residential dwellings.
Governmental - This includes all structures that support government activities.
This includes administration buildings, as well as police and fire department
facilities.
Utility - This land use category is reserved for all properties that have utility
system components or other infrastructure components situated on them.
Right -of -Way - This land use category includes all land utilized for the Village's
road infrastructure network.
Undeveloped - All vacant land falls under this category.
Map 13 provides an overview of existing land use within the Village based on the land use
categories listed above. The following table provides a breakdown of land use acreage that
corresponds to the existing land use map. All data regarding land use acreage have been provided
for the Village's total jurisdiction.
Table 31: Village of Bald Head Island
Existing Land Use*
Land Use
Acreage
% of Total
Association Owned Properties
115.7
4.896
Commercial
14.2
0.696
Government
14.0
0.696
Multi -Family Residential
15.7
0.696
Office & Institutional
2.4
0.1 %
Right -of -Way
149.3
6.2%
Recreation
134.7
5.5%
Single -Family Residential
240.5
9.90/0
Utilities
21.0
0.996
Vacant
1,696.6
69.9%
Water
23.2
1.0%
Total
2,427.2
100.0%
*The existing land use map is intended to show existing uses. The map does not take into account who owns the
property, or whether there is public access to a given property.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc., Brunswick County GIS, and Village of Bald Head Island.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 72

�`'��' MAP 13
s
fSLAN�
OF
Village of
Bald Head Island
Land Use Plan
Existing Land Use
Legend
92 Village of Bald Head Island Corporate Limits
Existing Land Use
Association Owned Property
Commercial
Government
Multi -Family
Office & Institutional
Recreation
Single -Family Residential
Utilities
GVacant
' Bald Head Island Ferry Route
Hydrology
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
0
ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
Page 73

2. Land Use Conflicts
Land use conflicts often exist within a municipality's planning jurisdiction resulting from a variety
of circumstances. Issues leading to land use conflicts can result from a lack of proper land use
controls, demand for increased development, and situations beyond the municipality's control.
The Village has been very conscious of these issues over the past, and has addressed many
problems related to land use conflicts through adoption of local ordinances and installation of
infrastructure. Although steps have been taken to address potential problems that may be
detrimental to environmental conditions, several conflicts still exist within the Village planning
jurisdiction. These issues are summarized as follows:
Residential Development within Flood Hazard Areas. The Village lies on a
barrier island and is extremely vulnerable to coastal flooding associated with
tropical storm events. The Village's vulnerability to flood hazards is discussed in
detail beginning on page 27. As with other barrier island communities, this fact has
not slowed development. The Village aims to ensure the safety of all property
within its jurisdiction through proper land use controls. All residential structures
are subject to requirements outlined in the Village's Flood Damage Prevention
Ordinance, as well as the North Carolina State Building Code.
Encroachment of residential and urban type uses into forested areas. The
Village is situated in the center of a maritime forest. As discussed in the natural
systems analysis portion of the plan, the entire island is considered a protected land
by the State of North Carolina. From the Village's origin, there has been a focus
on preserving the maritime forest wherever feasible. The large Bald Head Woods
Coastal Reserve centrally located on the island will never be developed, along with
many other properties that have been established as conservation areas under the
Smith Island Land Trust. The Village aims to protect the natural setting throughout
the island by preserving the forest where possible, and promoting moderate
density development. Additionally, there is a provision in the PUD ordinance that
states where the peripheral property line is the boundary between the Planned
Unit Development and the State of North Carolina Maritime Preserve, the
required minimum setback shall be 20 feet. The issue of preserving the forest in
light of continued development pressures will be addressed in the policy statement
section of the plan.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 74

3. Development Trends
The Village is a very unique municipality in that the entire jurisdiction exists primarily as a planned
development. Because of this, development trends throughout the Village's jurisdiction are very
predictable. From its origin, the Village has been developed as a residential community intended
to support year round residents, as well as second homeowners and seasonal visitors. All
nonresidential development within the Village's corporate limits exists solely to .support the
residents and visitors to the island. This includes governmental structures, retail commercial
operations, recreational facilities, and utility facilities.
According to the land use survey conducted as part of the plan, approximately 59% of the Village's
total parcels remain vacant. With the exception of several large conservation easements, nearly
all of these vacant parcels have been platted for single-family residential development. These
parcels are scattered throughout the Village's jurisdiction. It is anticipated that a majority of these
vacant parcels will be developed as single-family residential homes, although some multi -unit
complexes may be developed in conjunction with planned unit developments.
In order to provide a forecast of how vacant land will be developed throughout the Village's
jurisdiction, an overlay analysis was performed based on the existing land use survey and the
Village's zoning map. Based on this analysis, the zoning district of each undeveloped parcel has
been identified. Table 32 provides a summary of how all vacant parcels will be developed, if this
development follows existing zoning patterns.
Table 32: Village of Bald Head Island
Zoning Classification of Undeveloped Properties
Zoning District
Parcels
% of Total
Vacant Parcels
Acreage by
Land Use
% of Total
Vacant Acreage
PD- 1
760
60.0%
406.3
41.5%
PD-2
323
25.5%
367.4
37.5%
PD - 2C
41
3.2%
39.6
4.1 %
PD - 3
51
4.0%
14.2
1.5%
PD - 3C
13
1.0%
5.8
0.6%
PD-3C- 1
6
0.5%
9.8
1.0%
PD-4
67
5.3%
134.4
13.7%
PD - NC
5
0.4%
1.7
0.2%
Total
1,266
100.0%
979.3
100.0%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc., and Village of Bald Head Island.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 75

Refer to page 97 for a summary of the zoning districts included in the table, above, as well as the
intended use of each zoning district as defined in the Village's zoning ordinance.
According to this information, 1,078 or 86.7% of the Village's undeveloped land is zoned for
moderate density single-family development. It is difficult to judge how rapidly this development
will take place. The Village planning and inspections office has issued an average of 68 building
permits per year over the last five years. It is anticipated that development of all vacant parcels
will continue at this rate across the Village's jurisdiction. It is not expected that rapid development
will occur in specific portions of the Village's jurisdiction.
In addition to falling under the land use controls established for the zoning districts designated
above, approximately 407 acres of vacant property also fall within the Maritime Forest Protection
Overlay District. The standards for this overlay district are intended to establish restrictions on
development beyond those outlined in a property's primary zoning district. These restrictions are
intended to promote development that is compatible with the environmentally sensitive nature
of the Bald Head Island and Middle Island maritime forest. For more information about Middle
Island, see Section VI(E)(2)(b) Future Land Use Acreages. The overall purpose of this district is
to protect natural features and functions of the area in the interest of health, safety and general
welfare of the residents and visitors of the Village.
4. Historical, Cultural, and Scenic Areas
There are several Protected Lands and state -defined Natural Heritage areas that fall within the
planning jurisdiction of the Village. These areas have been thoroughly discussed in the Natural
Systems Analysis portion of this plan beginning on page 25. All fragile areas are discussed and maps
detailing the locations of these areas are provided.
S. Land Use in Relation to Environmental Composite Map
The environmental composite map (Map 1 1) was discussed beginning on page 58 of the plan. This
map is intended to break the Village's jurisdiction into varying classes in accordance with
environmentally sensitive areas. For a detailed discussion of how this map was compiled and what
the various classes mean, refer to Section B(2). The following table provides a summary of how
the undeveloped parcels in the Village relate to the classes established on the environmental
composite map. If a parcel was located in more than one class as defined in the environmental
composite analysis, the most environmentally sensitive class was assigned to that parcel.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 76

Table 33: Village of Bald Head Island
Undeveloped Land in Relation to Environmental Composite Analysis (Class 1-I11)
Environmental Composite Map Acreage by Land Use % of Total Vacant Acreage
Class 1 0.00 0.0%
Class II
Class III
Total
571.76 33.00/6
1,161.17 67.0%
1,732.93 100.0%
Source: NC Division of Coastal Management and Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
6. Land Use Demand Forecast
In order to gauge the rate of growth within the Village, it is necessaryto establish estimates of how
rapidly development is expected to occur. Many times land use demand is established based on
the growth rate of a jurisdiction's population. The Village, as well as other barrier island
communities, faces a different situation than a typical inland municipality.
One issue is that there is no space to grow. The Village has no means through which to expand.
The Village cannot establish an extraterritorial jurisdiction, which would establish land use control
over land beyond the Village's primary corporate limits. Another issue is that the Village is
growing rapidly and the amount of vacant land available for development is diminishing rapidly.
Approximately 59% of the Village's total platted tax parcels remain undeveloped. Of the 1,291
vacant parcels, 1,078 or 87% are zoned for single-family residential development.
The Village does not have a problem supporting the permanent or seasonal population in terms
of housing. There is more than adequate housing to support these two populations. As the
housing stock increases, so will the peak seasonal population until total build out occurs. Due to
the unique nature of development within the Village, residential development estimates have been
established based on building permit activity over the last five years. Over the last five years, an
average of 68 residential building permits have been issued annually. Table 34 provides asummary
of these estimates. The land demand forecast, outlined below, have only been compiled for
residential land use throughout the Village's corporate limits. Development of non-residential
structures is expected to be minimal through build -out of the Village's developable acreage. Non-
residential development, as indicated on the Future Land use Map, will be in the form of mixed
use nodes. These mixed use nodes will combine commercial, office & institutional, and residential
uses in an effort to minimize the impact of varying land uses.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 77

Table 34: Village of Bald Head Island
Residential Land Use Demand Estimates
2005** 2010 2015 2020 2025
Residential Acreage 256.2 358.2 460.2 562.2 664.2
(Single- and Multi -Family)*
Residential Unit Increase 820 1,160 1,500 1,840 2,180
*Residential acreage increase is based on the average lot size of all remaining undeveloped land within the Village's
jurisdiction. The average lot size is 0.3 acre. Unbuildable land was eliminated prior to calculating the average lot size
for vacant properties.
**Figure based on the existing land use survey.
***It should be noted that the land demand forecast outlined above have been compiled independently of population
forecast noted on page 25. In comparing the two forecasts, it appears that at peak season the average household size
will remain at approximately five (5) persons.
Sources: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc., and Village of Bald Head Island Planning Department.
D. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING COMMUNITY FACILITIES/SERVICES
I. Transportation
The Village is a very unique location in that no automobiles are permitted on the island for
personal transportation. Travel to and from the Village is provided by a private ferry system that
operates year round. The ferry system is operated by the primary developer on the island, Bald
Head Island Limited, and provides residents and visitors with round trip service originating from
Indigo Plantation located in Southport, NC. The road network present throughout the Village
does support passenger vehicles and full size vehicles are allowed in the Village by permit only.
These vehicles are generally present on the island to support construction activity. The vehicles
are transported to the island by barge. There are several trucks that remain on the island year
round to support municipal operations, including emergency management and police operations.
The roads within the Village are not state maintained. A majority of the road network throughout
the Village is maintained by the Village. There are several right-of-ways that fall under the
jurisdiction of Property Owners Associations; however, over time some of these roads may be
dedicated to the Village. Once this transaction is complete, the Village assumes all maintenance
responsibility in these areas. For all municipally maintained rights -of -way, the Village receives state
street -aid or Powell Bill allocations for the purposes of maintaining, repairing, constructing,
reconstructing, or widening of local streets. Powell Bill funds are distributed on both a per capita
(based on permanent population) and a total mileage basis. For fiscal year 2004, the per capita
distribution was $23.43, while the per mile distribution was $1,718.80. Additionally, the speed
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 78

limit throughout the Village is eighteen miles per hour. Because the speed limit is below the state
minimum for a municipality, speed limit and other traffic related laws are enforced through Village
Ordinances.
2. Health Care
There are no medical facilities within the corporate limits of the Village. There are systems in
place to emergency evacuate a patient, if necessary. A summary of the fire/EMS operations within
the Village will be provided below. The closest hospital, as well as emergency medical facilities,
is located in Southport.
J. Arthur Dosher Memorial Hospital in Southport, founded in 1930, provides comprehensive
medical care to residents of Southport and the Smithville Township. The hospital is owned by the
Smithville Township taxpayers and is managed by an elected seven member Board of Trustees.
Dosher Memorial Hospital and the Skilled Nursing Center are both accredited by the Joint
Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. The laboratory and Cardiopulmonary
Service are accredited by the College of American Pathologists. The Diagnostic Imaging
Department is accredited by the American College of Radiology in Mammography and the hospital
has been certified in Mammography by the Food and Drug Administration. The hospital is licensed
for 36 acute care beds and 64 nursing center beds and has a staff of 300.
Last year the hospital served 11,624 patients in the Emergency Room, over 2,000 outpatients in
the OR, 500 inpatients in the OR, 83,000 outpatients in Lab Services, 33,000 inpatients in Lab
Services, 5,400 outpatients in Cardiopulmonary, 30,000 inpatients in Cardiopulmonary, 26,000
outpatients in Diagnostic Imaging, and 4,000 inpatients in Diagnostic Imaging. Following are
services provided at the facility:
► Acute Nursing Care
► Cardiopulmonary and Respiratory Therapy
► Diagnostic Imaging
► Emergency Services
► Lab Services
► Nutritional Counseling
► Skilled Nursing Center
► Social Services
► Therapy Services (Speech, Physical, and Occupational)
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 79

► OR Procedures and Surgeries (General, Gynecology, Ophthalmology, Orthopedic,
Otolaryngology, and Urology)
► Cardiac Rehabilitation - (2005)
There are also a large number of specialists with offices located in Southport. These include
dentists, family practice doctors, general practice doctors, and physical therapy. The Village
fire/EMS department works in cooperation with Airlink, the emergency response evacuation
service run through New Hanover Regional Medical Center. There are several evacuation spots
located through the corporate limits of the Village.
3. Police Department
The Village operates a 12 person full-time police department located in a 3,200 square foot facility
at 253 Edward Teach Wynd Extension. The department employs I I sworn officers and one
administrative assistant. At least two police officers are on duty at all times, and staffing levels are
increased during peak summer months. Al emergency response calls to the department are
routed through the Brunswick County Emergency 911 call center. The Village police department
does not house any jail facilities. All custody arrests are transported to the Brunswick County
Detention Center. The following provides a summary of the operations vehicles utilized by the
department:
► 3 gas powered four wheel drive trucks
► 2 electric powered golf carts
► 3 bicycles
4. Fire/EMS Services
The Village Fire and Emergency Management operations center is located immediately adjacent
to the police department at 251 Edward Teach Wynd Extension. The department employs seven
full-time and eight part-time firefighters. Al firefighters are also paramedics. The department is
also assisted by4 I local volunteers. The Village is under a'mutual aid agreement with departments
on both Oak Island and the City of Southport. If needed, fire trucks from Oak Island are
transported by barge, while fireman are transferred to the island by the US Coast Guard. Fireman
from the Southport Fire Department are transferred to the island by ferry if their services are
required. The Village Fire Department receives service from Airlink, an air ambulance service that
operates out of New Hanover Regional Medical Center. There are several sites located
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 80

throughout the island that serve as landing sites for the Airlink helicopters. The following provides
a listing of all service equipment utilized by the Village Fire/EMS department:
► 1,250 GPM Ladder Truck
► 1,250 GPM Pumper Truck
► 1,500 GPM Pumper (Fire Truck)
► 2 Ambulances (housed at the Village Fire Department)
► I Ambulance (located at Indigo Plantation)
► I seven man Zodiac Inflatable Rescue Boat
► I beach rescue truck
► I command vehicle
S. Administration
The Village utilizes a mayor -council-manager form of government. The Village currently has 33
full-time employees. The following provides a summary of governmental organizations and
employees.
► Administration/Building Inspections 9
► Fire/EMS 7
► Police Department 12
► Public Works 5
6. * Water System
The Village operates a community public water system that serves all but 14 of the Village's
residents. The water system operates off a series of 16 wells throughout the Village that are
tapped into a semi -confined aquifer underneath the island. The water from these wells is treated
and served to all residential and nonresidential units. A major water line from the Brunswick
County Water System also ties into the Village of Bald Head Island Utilities water system from Oak
Island. This county water supplies on average 42% of the water currently utilized by Village
residents during any given period of time.
In the event that this county water line is damaged or shut down, the Village must rely on the
water supplied by the local well system. The water provided by these wells is sufficient to support
current demand. In peak summer months, however, water conservation measures may have to
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 81

be taken if the county water line is not in operation. Map 14 provides a view of the water system
that currently exists on Bald Head Island: It should be noted that the Village Fire Department has
a boosting station that will increase fire flow.
7. Sewer System
The Village recently acquired both the water and sewer systems from Bald Head Island Utilities,
Inc. The North Carolina Division of Water Quality has jurisdiction over all wastewater treatment
facilities. located throughout the Village. In the .I 970s and early 1980s, a majority of the residential
units on the island relied heavily on private septic tank systems or cluster systems. Cluster
.systems, also known as mound fields, are septic systems where several units are tied to one large
septic tank, which utilizes a single drain field.
Prior to the utilities acquisition, Bald Head Island Utilities, Inc., developed two independent
wastewater treatment facilities to address concerns regarding the traditional septic systems.
These two plants have been shut down and converted to lift stations since the construction of the
new Batch Processing Plant in 1996, which now handles a majority of the waste treatment
throughout the Village. The most significant portion of the Village not served by Village of Bald
Head Island Utilities central sewer system is Middle Island, which still relies on private septic tank
systems. For more information on Middle Island, see Section VI(E)(2)(b) Future Land Use
Acreages.
The batch processing plant now serving the Village is an innovative system that allows for extreme
fluctuations in wastewater flow. Traditional sewage treatment plants require constant wastewater
flow in order to keep the system up and running. This new system allows the utilities department
to shut down portions of the system during winter months. As peak summer months arrive, the
system can be revived at a fairly rapid pace, allowing the Village to deal with the additional
wastewater flows generated during summer months. The new system works extremely well, and
is currently operating well below maximum capacity. It is estimated that approximately 94% of
the Village's residential and nonresidential units are currently being served by the central
treatment system. The following summarizes the existing system capacity for the Village's
wastewater treatment system: Capacity - 400,000 gpd; Peak Season Capacity Utilized - 152,000
gpd; Off Season Capacity Utilized - 52,000 gpd.
Appendix VI outlines the units that still rely on private septic systems for wastewater treatment.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 82

.or.' MAP 14
0
s
s`AN° Village of
Bald Head Island
Land Use Plan
Existing Infrastructure
Legend
Village of Bald Head Island Corporate Limits
Existing Water Lines
Existing Sewer Lines
Hydrology
0
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
Page 83

8. Solid Waste
Solid waste disposal services are provided by Waste Industries. The Village is billed for the service,
and in turn recoups the cost through property tax revenues. Trash pickup is provided in the
Village once per week during winter months (Labor Day through Memorial Day), and twice per
week during summer months. Yard debris is picked up once per month during winter months
(first Wednesday) and twice per month during the summer (first and third Wednesday).
9. Schools
The Village is served by the Brunswick County School System. Students in grades K-12 must take
the public ferry to Indigo Plantation, in order to receive either private or public transportation to
their respective school. Brunswick County school bus service is provided to/from the Indigo
Plantation Ferry Terminal. Southport Elementary School serves grades K-5. The school is located
at 701 West 9`h Street. Village students in grades 6-8 attend South Brunswick Middle School and
students in grades 9-12 attend South Brunswick High School. Both the middle and high schools
are in nearby Boiling Spring Lakes. Table 35 provides a summary of the schools that serve the
Village's school age children.
Table 35: Schools Serving the Village's School Age Children
School
Enrollment
Staff
Recreational Facilities
Southport Elementary School
594
93
Playground, gym
Grades K-5
South Brunswick Middle School
907
99
Gym, soccer field, baseball/softball field,
Grades 6-8
fitness walk
South Brunswick High School
1,050
90
Gym, auxiliary gym, track, football field,
Grades 9-12
baseball/softball fields, tennis courts
Source: Brunswick County School System.
Higher education is offered in nearby Southport at a Brunswick Community College (BCC) annex
facility. The community college offers a variety of continuing education classes including: Art,
Southport -Brunswick County History, Computer, Basic Law Enforcement, Calligraphy, and Sign
Language. Village residents are also in close proximity to the BCC main campus where one can
earn an Associate Degrees in Applied Science or a technical certificate. The University of North
Carolina at Wilmington (UNCW) is also within commuting distance to the Village's residents.
UNCW is a major four-year university, and is part of the University of North Carolina system.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 84

10. Recreation
The Village does not operate any municipal park facilities. A majority of the recreational facilities
provided throughout the Village are operated by one of several property owners' associations that
operate within the Village. Additionally, the Bald Head Island Golf Course and Country Club
provides golfing, tennis courts, and a swimming pool for members, as well as visitors. The Village
does have public beach access points through its corporate limits. These public access points
provide easements that the general public may utilize to access the beach. A majority of these
municipal accesses provide parking areas for golf carts and bicycles. There is also a public creek
access that is maintained and operated by the Village. This creek access provide residents with
a place to store small boats and kayaks. Kayaks may also be rented for daily use by visitors to the
Village. Provision of a municipal recreational facility is a concern of the Village, and this issue will
be addressed in the policy statement section of the plan.
The Shoals Club is a private facility providing recreational opportunities that is available to Village
residents. The club offers an oceanfront clubhouse, dining areas, lounge, fitness room, shower
and locker facilities, swimming pools, and direct beach access. Membership in the Bald Head
Island Club is required prior to establishing membership in the Shoals Club.
11. Post Office
In late 1989 and early 1990, negotiations were being formulated to handle the transport and
delivery of the United States Postal Service Mail to Bald Head Island, NC. The growth and rapid
development of the Village created this need for its permanent residents. Representative Redwine
proposed House Bill 608, which was ratified June 20, 1991, in the General Assembly of North
Carolina. This act allowed the Village to operate a United States Post Office facility, under
contract with the United States Postal Service. This act applied to the Village of Bald Head Island
only. Today, the Village's Contract Postal Unit has grown along with the development of Bald
Head Island.
The United States Postal Service places the mail from Southport on the I I a.m., ferry originating
from the Indigo Ferry Landing. The ferry arrives at the Marina Ferry Landing at 1 1:30 a.m. The
Public Works Department unloads the mail and transports it to the Village Post Office as soon as
possible.
All Registered mail and packages, Express mail and packages, Priority mail and packages, First Class
mail and packages, Wall Street Journals and other daily papers are distributed before I p.m. The
window hours are from I p.m., to 3 p.m., Monday through Friday, except for Federal Holidays.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 85

The Postmaster for the CPU must close the window at 3 p.m., and leave on the 3:30 p.m., ferry
arriving at the Indigo Ferry Landing at approximately 4 p.m. The Southport USPS closes at 4:30
p.m. All mail transactions from Bald Head Island must be taken to the loading dock at the back of
the Post Office in Southport before 4:15 p.m. Except for Registered Mail, Express Mail,
International Express Mail, Global Priority, Customs mail and packages, this must be taken to a
Window Clerk for electronic scanning.
12. Electric Service
All residences and businesses within the Village's planning jurisdiction receive electric service from
Progress Energy.
13. Stormwater Management
a. Introduction
Stormwater is pure rainwater plus anything the rain carries along with it. In urban areas,
rain that falls on the roof of a house, or collects on paved areas like driveways, roads, and
footpaths is carried away through a system of pipes that is separate from the sewerage system.
Unlike sewage, stormwater is not treated. In some cases it is filtered through traps, usually located
at the end of the pipe system, but it still flows directly from streets and gutters into the Cape Fear
River and ocean, straight from the street to waterways inhabited by fish and other aquatic animals
and plants in these estuarine environments. There are three main types of Stormwater pollution:
litter, such as cigarette butts, cans, paper, or plastic bags; chemical pollution, such as detergents,
oil, or fertilizers; and 'natural' pollution, such as leaves, garden clippings, or animal droppings.
b. Existing Drainage Problems
An issue that the Village is constantly dealing with is stormwater management. There are
many areas within the corporate limits that experience localized flooding and ponding of water
subsequent to significant rains and storm events. The location of these stormwater problem areas
are outlined on Map 15. Problems related to stormwater management are generally situated
within the Stage I or western portion of the Village's corporate limits. The Village has taken a
proactive approach to dealing with the problems that have been experienced with stormwater
drainage. A study and proposed design for a municipal storm sewer system was prepared by Cape
Fear Engineering in 2000. This report is intended to deal with stormwater issues within the Stage I
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 86

portion of the Village. The report cites general recommendations for collecting and treating
stormwater generated within this portion of the Village. For further details regarding this study,
refer to the report document entitled Design Report for Stormwater Controls at Bald Head Island,
Stage One. This document is available at Village Hall. At this time, the village is preparing to
review the existing plan and work with McKim & Creed and Coastal Land Design to move forward
with implementation.
C. Water Quality Problems
Stormwater runoff is a significant problem with respect to water quality. Water quality
within and adjacent to the corporate limits of the Village has been discussed in detail in the Natural
Systems Analysis (Page 25) and Environmental Conditions (Page 61) sections of the plan. The
Village does not currently have a comprehensive stormwater management system, but as noted
will be installing a system to address stormwater runoff throughout large portions of the Village's
corporate limits. This system will not only collect stormwater, but will treat the water prior to
disposing of it into the adjacent water bodies. Addressing this problem through development of
a stormwater management system will help reduce the impact the Village's runoff is having on the
waters of the Cape Fear River, as well as the Atlantic Ocean.
d. EPA Regulations
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has begun implementation of Phase II of the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). These policies apply to municipalities
with populations greater than 10,000 and with densities of 1,000 per square mile. For
municipalities that meet these parameters, submittal of a stormwater management plan is
required. Phase II regulations apply to all entities that meet these criteria based on both the 1990
and 2000 census. This will apply only if the entity is operating a Small MS4 (Small Municipal
Separate Storm Sewer System). An MS4 is defined as a publicly -owned conveyance or system of
conveyances designed or used for collecting and conveying stormwater. MS4's are not combined
with sewer and are not part of a publicly -owned treatment facility. At this time, the Village is not
required to meet the new EPA Phase II Stormwater Management Program regulations.
The Village may be required to submit a stormwater management permit application under
Phase III of the NPDES program. It is more likely, however, that the Village will fall under the
jurisdiction of the Brunswick County Comprehensive Stormwater Management Program.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 87

c 'OF'� MAP 15
a
0
> m
a
0
-SLAN� Village of
Bald Head Island
Land Use Plan
Areas of
Stormwater Concern
Legend
Village of Bald Head Island Corporate Limits
Areas of Stormwater Concern
S Stormwater Easements
Stormwater Outfall Pipes
Bald Head Island Ferry Route
Note:
All easements reflected on the attached map
have not been recorded or deeded to the Village.
M
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
ol�� Consulting Planners, Inc.
Page 88

e. Construction Activities
Stormwater runoff from construction activities can have a significant impact on water
quality, contributing sediment and other pollutants exposed at construction sites. The NPDES
Stormwater Program requires operators of both large and small construction sites to obtain
authorization to discharge stormwater under an NPDES construction stormwater permit. In
1990, the Phase I Stormwater Management Program regulations addressed large construction
operations that disturbed five (5) or more acres of land. The NPDES program also addresses small
construction activities — those that disturb less than five (5) acres of land — which were included
in the Phase II final rule. Construction activities that disturb over one (1) acre of land are required
to develop and implement a stormwater pollution prevention plan specifically designed for the
construction site. The development implementations of the plan follow the basic phases listed
below:
(1) Site Planning and Design Development Phase
(2) Assessment Phase
(3) Control Selection/Design Phase
(4) Certification/Verification/Approval Phase
(5) Implementation/Construction Phase
(6) Final StabiIization/Termination Phase
f. North Carolina Shoreline Buffering
In August 2000, the State of North Carolina developed a 30 foot buffering rule for all new
development in the 20 coastal counties governed by the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA).
This rule applies to all navigable waters, excluding the ocean, which has previously established
setback requirements. The development of this buffer does not restrict the construction of water
dependent structures, such as docks and boat ramps. The benefits of the buffering include the
following:
(1) Flood Control — by reducing the velocity and providing a collection area for
stormwater runoff and precipitation. Buffers encourage water infiltration into the
ground, rather than flooding low-lying areas.
(2) Groundwater Recharge — buffers are also beneficial to recharging the groundwater
supply and promoting groundwater flow.
(3) Soil Erosion Prevention — vegetated buffers stabilize the soil and reduce
sedimentation.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 89

(4) Conservation of Coastal Riparian Wildlife Habitats — these natural areas provide
breeding, nesting, and habitat, and protect wildlife from predication. Vegetated
buffers help increase the diversity of wildlife while providing site for foraging and
corridors for dispersal.
E. LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS
Athorough analysis of all impediments to development, aswell as existing community facilities, has
been completed in the preceding sections. All of these variables factor into suitability for
development for a specific piece of property. In order to assess what affect the various man-made
and environmental constraints will have on development throughout the Village, an overlay analysis
was performed. This overlay analysis is a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based process
geared toward evaluating the suitability of land for development. The procedure is very similar
to the practice developed by Ian McHarg, in which geospatial data layers are referenced to each
other in an effort to determine what portions of a land mass appear to be the most favorable sites
for a specific land use.
The overall process utilized Arcview GIS software with the Spatial Analyst extension along with
data layers provided by the North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis
(NCGIA). The analysis takes into consideration a number of factors, including natural systems
constraints, compatibility with existing land uses and development patterns, existing land use
policies, and the availability of community facilities. The end product of this analysis is a land
suitability map that shows underutilized land that is suited or not suited for development (see Map
16). This map can be used as a foundation for the discussion and formation of village -wide land
use policy and should be compared to the future land use map.
Land suitability analysis involves the application of criteria to the landscape to assess where land
is most and least suitable for development of structures and infrastructure. A computer
application is not essential for this analysis, but greatly simplifies the process. There are eight key
steps to completing the overlay analysis:
(1) Define criteria for the analysis
(2) Define data needed
(3) Determine what GIS analysis operations should be performed
(4) Prepare the data
(5) Create a model
(6) Run the model
(7) Analyze results
(8) Refine model as needed
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 90

All of these steps have been completed, and as noted above, the end product is displayed on
Map 16. There were no additions or adjustments to the default layer sets and weighting factors
provided by the Division of Coastal Management to the Village for the existing land suitability
analysis map. Prior to producing the map, data was compiled and each data layer in conjunction
with criteria was assigned a weight. The Village was then divided into one -acre squares. Each of
these one -acre squares of land was given a score based on how that respective piece of property
related to each data layer. The score for each data layer was multiplied against that given layer's
weight. The scores for each layer were added together to determine a suitability rating for that
one -acre square of property. The suitability rating falls into four primary categories: least suitable,
low suitability, medium suitability, and high suitability.
The following table summarizes all data layers used, including the criteria and weight assigned to
each layer.
Table 36. Land Suitability Analysis Criteria Table
Criteria and Rating
Least
Low
Medium
High
Assigned
Layer Name
Suitable
Suitability
Suitability
Suitability
Weight
0
-2
1
+2
Coastal Wetlands
Exclusion*
Inside
--
Outside
--
Exceptional & Substantial Non-
Exclusion*
Inside
-
Outside
--
Coastal Wetlands
Estuarine Waters
Exclusion*
Inside
-
Outside
--
Protected Lands
Exclusion*
Inside
--
Outside
--
Storm Surge Areas
Weighted
--
Inside
--
Outside
2
Soils (Septic Limitations)
Weighted
--
Severe
Moderate
Slight
2
Flood Zones
Weighted
--
Inside
--
Outside
2
HQW/ORW Watersheds
Weighted
--
Inside
--
Outside
I
Natural Heritage Areas
Weighted
--
<500'
--
>500'
1
Hazardous Substance Disposal Sites
Weighted
--
<500'
--
>500'
I
NPDES Sites
Weighted
--
<500'
--
>500'
1
Wastewater Treatment Plants
Weighted
--
<500'
--
>500'
1
Discharge Points
Weighted
--
<500'
--
>500'
1
Land Application Sites
Weighted
--
<500'
--
>500'
1
Developed Land
Weighted
--
> 1 mi
.5 - 1 mi
<.5 mi
I
Roads
Weighted
--
> 1 mi
.5 - 1 mi
<.5 mi
2
Water Pipes
Weighted
--
>.5 mi
.25 - .5 mi
<.25 mi
3
Sewer Pipes
Weighted
--
>.5 mi
.25 - .5 mi
<.25 mi
3
*Data layers that are slated as exclusion
have a suitability
of 0 or 1,
meaning that if a specific one
-acre piece of property
falls within one of these areas, it is automatically
considered least suitable for development.
Source: NCGIA and CAMA.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN
PAGE 91

t\
GQR
1 inch equals 1,800 feet
0 1,500 3,000
11 11K
151
I
I Feet
9,000
VA
o a�
Q)
V
0
V��.OF.' MAP 16
0
'SLAM° Village of
Bald Head Island
Land Use Plan
Land Suitability Analysis
Legend
1110 Village of Bald Head Island Corporate Limits
f Bald Head Island Ferry Route
Land Suitability Analysis
Least Suitable
Low Suitability
Moderate Suitability
to High Suitability
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
&W-611and Consulting Planners, Inc.
Source: North Carolina Center for Geographic Information, Cape Fear /
Brunswick County GIS, Holland Consulting Planners
Page 92

Overall, land in the Village is moderately suitable for development. Table 38 provides a summary
of land suitability acreage based on the results of the overlay analysis.
Table 37. Village of Bald Head Island LSA Acreage
Suitability
Acreage
% of Total
Least Suitable
1,642
52.5%
Low Suitability
568
18.2%
Medium Suitability
704
22.5%
High Suitability
215
6.9%
Total
3,129
100.0%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners (April, 2003); North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis.
F. CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES, AND REGULATIONS
1. Introduction
The Village has adopted a comprehensive Municipal Code that addresses a wide range of topics
with respect to development, environmental protection, and daily operations. This code serves
as the primary tool for construction and future development for the Village's planning and
inspections department. The code is enforced by the Village Administration, as well as the Village
Council and Planning Board. The Village Code addresses the following topics: Administration;
Animals; Buildings and Building Regulations; Civil Emergencies; Environment; Fire Prevention and
Protection; Floods; Offenses and Miscellaneous Provisions; Parks and Recreation; Solid Waste
Management; Stormwater Management; Streets, Sidewalks, and other Public Places; Subdivisions;
Traffic and Vehicles; Utilities; and Zoning. The following provides a summary of all Village Codes
that relate to land use and future development/redevelopment.
2. Buildings and Building Regulations (Chapter 6)
Chapter 6 of the Municipal Code includes these regulations. The town has adopted and enforces
the North Carolinastate building, plumbing, heating, electrical, and residential codes. This chapter
also outlines the procedures related to applying for and obtaining a building permit for
construction. Additionally, the general duties and powers of the Village's inspections department
are outlined in this chapter.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 93

3. Environment (Chapter 10)
Chapter 10 of the Village Code addresses issues related to protection of environmentally sensitive
areas. Specifically, this chapter provides provisions for the process of identifying and removing
junked vehicles, dune protection, and groin protection. The Village has adopted a dune protection
ordinance to ensure the safety of the frontal dune line which runs along oceanfront portions of the
Village's corporate limits. According to this ordinance, it is unlawful to disturb or infringe on any
frontal dune areas except at marked public access points, which are located throughout the Village.
It is also illegal to construct a dune crossing or oceanfront access without the issuance of a building
permit and CAMA permit from the Village Building Inspector. The groin protection ordinance is
intended to protect the geo-textile tube installed on the east and west facing beaches of the
Village. These tubes are installed to stabilize the beach, and are imperative to slowing down the
effects of beach erosion.
4. Floods (Chapter 14)
The Village is a standard member of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). The NFIP has
recently completed updated floodplain maps, and these maps are in the final review stage prior
to adoption. The floodplain maps have been discussed further in the Natural Systems Analysis
Constraints section of the plan.
In accordance with regulations under the NFIP, the Village has an updated Flood Damage
Prevention Ordinance. The purpose of the new ordinance is as follows:
(1) Restrict or prohibit uses which are dangerous to health, safety, and property due
to water or erosion hazards, orwhich result in damaging increases in erosion, flood
heights or velocities;
(2) Require that uses vulnerable to floods, including facilities which serve such uses, be
protected against flood damage at the time of initial construction;
(3) Control the alteration of natural floodplains, stream channels, and natural
protective barriers which are involved in the accommodation of flood waters;
(4) Control filling, grading, dredging, and all other development which may increase
erosion or flood damage; and
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 94

(5) Prevent or regulate the construction of flood barriers which will unnaturally divert
floodwaters or which may increase flood hazards to other lands.
S. Stormwater Management. (Chapter 22)
This ordinance is intended to address the issue of stormwater management throughout the
Village's planning jurisdiction. • It is important to take a proactive approach to dealing with
stormwater for the protection of both surface and ground water within and adjacent to the
corporate limits of the Village. This ordinance contains language outlining all standards for
development as outlined by NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources and NCDCM.
The intent of this ordinance is summarized as follows:
(1) Regulate existing developments, new development, and construction activities in
accordance with state requirements and institute additional mandatory
requirements to prevent careless pollution of surface waters, groundwaters, and
the creation of additional floodprone areas;
(2) Establish the authority of the Village to administer and enforce stormwater
regulations;
(3) Create public education programs so that the citizens of the Village will have
knowledge of how to reduce and prevent pollution from their homes and
businesses.
6. Streets, Sidewalks, and Other Public Places (Chapter 24)
The use and maintenance of streets, sidewalks, and all other public access locations is regulated
by Chapter 24 of the Village Code. Damage to streets, bridges, lights, and signs is regulated and
prohibited. Additionally, the use of vehicles and the standards related to motorized vehicles are
also outlined in this ordinance.
7. Subdivisions (Chapter 26)
Chapter 26 of the Village Code provides the Village's subdivision regulations. The following
excerpt from the subdivision ordinance provides the purpose of the subdivision regulations:
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 95

"The purpose of this chapter is to regulate and control the subdivision of land
within the limits of the Village in order to promote the public health, safety, and .
general welfare of the community. They are designed to lessen congestion in the
streets and roadways; to further the orderly layout and use of land; to ensure
proper legal description and proper monumenting of subdivided lands; to secure
safety from fire, panic and other dangers; to provide adequate light and air; to
prevent the overcrowding of land and avoid undue concentration of population; to
facilitate adequate provisions for transportation, water, sewerage, open space,
recreational areas, and other public requirements; and to facilitate the further
resubdivision of larger tracts into small parcels of land."
Specifically, the subdivision regulations require that:
► Town services shall not be provided until a final subdivision plat is approved;
► No streets or utilities shall be accepted until a final subdivision plat is approved;
► No construction permits shall be issued until a final subdivision plat is approved.
8. Utilities (Chapter 30)
Chapter 30 of the Village Code establishes regulations regarding the installation of utility lines
throughout the Village's planning jurisdiction. It is unlawful to install or construct above ground
utility lines at any location throughout the corporate limits unless a property owner falls under one
of the exemptions outlined under Section 30-34 of the Village Municipal Code.
9. Zoning Ordinance (Chapter 32)
The Village zoning ordinance is included in Chapter 32 of the Municipal Code. The purposes of
the zoning ordinance, as stated in the Section 32-1 of the ordinance, are as follows:
"(1) Secure safety from fire, panic, and other dangers; (2) Promote health and
general welfare; (3) Provide adequate air and light; (4) Prevent the overcrowding
of land; (5) Avoid undue concentration of population; (6) Facilitate the adequate
provisions of public requirements; (7 Conserve the value of buildings and
encourage the most appropriate use of land throughout the Village; and (8) Protect
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 96

the -areas ecology through full cooperation with the County, State, and Local
- authorities."
The zoning ordinance includes the following seven land use districts, and two overlay districts.
Each parcel of land in the Village is included in at least one of the following districts:
PD - 1. Planned Development I District is established as a district in which the
principal use of land is for dwellings. It is encouraged that this land be utilized
primarily for single-family residential development. Uses in this district shall not
include any commercial or trade activity except that associated with a golf course
or clubhouse. It is the intent of this district to preserve the natural environment
as much as possible.
PD - 2. Planned Development 2 District is established as a district in which the
principal use of land is for residential dwellings. Uses compatible with those outline
in PD I are promoted. It is also the intent of this district to protect the natural
environment by limiting maximum lot coverage, providing common areas adjacent
to all lots, clustering residential nodes, and preserving a sizeable maritime forest
area without intrusions.
PD - 2C. Planned Development 2 Commercial District is established as a district
in which the principal uses of land are for commercial, municipal, and utility service
areas for the entire island.
PD - 3. Planned Development 3 District is established as a district in which the
principal use of land is residential but with some offices allowed and bed and
breakfast without commercial restaurant facilities.
PD - 3C. Planned Development 3 Commercial District is established as a district
in which the principal use of land is for mixed uses which includes residential uses,
commercial services, offices, marina and marina related uses, club facilities,
transient inn uses and leisure activities and their attendant uses.
PD - 4. Planned Unit Development 4 District is established as a district in which
the principal use of land is for single-family residential dwellings on large lots,
leisure activities, and the protection of the natural environment.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 97

NC. The Neighborhood Commercial District is primarily intended to
accommodate very low intensity office, and personal service uses within residential
areas. The district is established to provide convenient locations for businesses,
which serve the needs of Island residents and visitors without disrupting the
character of the neighborhood. The 'neighborhood commercial district is a
transitional land use zoning district in which the principal use of land is residential
with some office and service uses allowed to serve the surrounding residential
districts and in which traffic and parking congestion can be reduced to a minimum
in order to preserve residential values and promote the general welfare of the
surrounding residential districts.
PD-3C-1. The Lighthouse -Chapel Overlay District is established in order to
permit development that is compatible with the pastoral environment of this
district.
MFPO. The Maritime Forest Protection Overlay District is established in order
to permit development that is compatible with the environmentally sensitive nature
of the Bald Head Island and Middle Island maritime forests, and to preserve land
in a natural state where such land is considered to be a vital link in the local
groundwater replenishment cycle and where the destruction of natural vegetation
could have a harmful effect on the stability of the soil and its resistence to erosion.
10. Village of Bald Head Island Hazard Mitigation Plan
Developed by the Village Planning Director, the Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) identifies potential
natural hazards that may affect the Village, identifies the extent of the risk the Village faces from
these hazards, and adopted goals, policies and procedures to help minimize these risks over the
long term.
This Plan was required by Federal and State laws adopted in the year 2000 that require all local
governments to have a hazard mitigation plan in place as a condition of disaster recovery and
hazard mitigation assistance after November 2004. The HMP has been approved by the State and
is under final review by FEMA as of this writing (April, 2005).
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 98

1 I. Village of Bald Head Island Stormwater Management Ordinance
The central environmental goals of the Village of Bald Head Island are to restore and preserve
water quality and the natural ecological functions of the surface and ground waters that are
included in its planning area and to reduce the potential for flooding residential areas. In order to
meet these important goals, the Village of Bald Head Island Stormwater Ordinance was adopted
for the following purposes:
(1) To regulate existing developments, new developments, and construction activities
in accordance with State requirements and to institute additional mandatory
requirements to prevent careless pollution of surface waters, ground waters, and
the creation of additional flood prone areas.
(2) To establish the authority of the Village to administer and enforce stormwater
regulations.
(3) To create public education programs so that the citizens of the Village will have
knowledge of how to reduce and prevent pollution from their homes and
businesses.
12. Village of Bald Head Island - Vision 2010
Vision 2010 was a joint effort between the Village, Bald Head Island Limited, the Bald Head Island
Association, the Bald Head Island Conservancy, and other interested parties. Members of each
entity served on the steering committee for the process. This was a first attempt at coordination
between all interest groups on the island. The visioning plan was broken into four separate
segments including: roads and transportation; recreation, environment, tourism, and resource
conservation; public facilities, utilities, and services; and community design and land use.
Committees worked on establishing visioning statements under each of these categories. The
input received through this process will be utilized as a basis for developing a comprehensive plan
to address the long range needs of the community.
13. Village of Bald Head Island 2002 Long Range Plan
The long range planning sub -committee for the Village established an update to the Village long
range plan in 2002. Priorities established in the Vision 2010 visioning process were utilized in
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 99

working through the updated long range plan. This planning document identifies strengths and
weaknesses that exist throughout the planning jurisdiction of the Village, and establishes goals for
addressing identified weaknesses. As of May 2006, the committee has completed the update of
this document: Policies outlined in the long range plan will be addressed in the policy statement
section of this plan.
14. Review of the 1996 Brunswick County CAMA Land Use Plan
In 1997, Brunswick County completed its current CAMA land use plan update. The Village
currently falls under the jurisdiction of this plan. Within the context of this plan, policy statements
were established specific to the Village. The Coastal Resources Commission certified this
document on November 20, 1998. The current plan addresses a variety of issues, with a focus
on resource protection policies, resource production and management policies, economic and
community development policies, continuing public participation and coordination policies, and
storm hazard mitigation & post disaster recovery policies.
The following summarizes the policy statements from the Brunswick County Plan that were
established for the Village. All policy statements from the plan have been implemented.
I . The Village of Bald Head Island supports the concept of a family oriented island developed
in harmony with nature, promoting responsible development with respect for the
environment.
2. Educational programs and other efforts targeted to property owners and visitors will be
utilized in order to further Bald Head Island's goal of preserving the beauty of its beaches,
creeks, maritime forest, and other natural resources which make it unique.
3. The Village of Bald Head Island supports state and federal laws designed to manage
development in Ocean Hazard Areas of Environmental Concern as well.as Estuarine
Shoreline Areas of Environmental Concern.
4. The Village of Bald Head Island realizes the importance of its shoreline from an aesthetic
and economic standpoint. The Village will establish a shoreline management plan to
evaluate methods of beach and dune stabilization. The Village supports all State and
Federal programs for beach stabilization and encourages the active funding of these
programs.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 100

5. The Village of Bald Head Island supports efforts to maintain a high level of water quality in
order to enhance fisheries resource and recreational value of its waters.
6. Protection of sea turtle nesting areas will continue to be enforced through recognized
ordinances.
7. The Village of Bald Head Island recognizes its natural resources as one of its greatest
assets. To help preserve these resources the development of a maritime forest
management plan and consistent open space plan have become a point of focus.
8. Bald Head Island restricts the use of vehicles powered by internal combustion engines,
because of the fragile nature of its unique habitat, in order to prevent adverse
environmental impacts. Bald Head Island will continue to enforce its Internal Combustion
Engine Ordinance, which prohibits the use of internal combustion engines on the Island
with certain exceptions.
9. Bald Head Island advocates a strong local government that supports effective community
planning and appropriate land use controls.
10. Bald Head Island will attempt to facilitate the expansion of public services and facilities to
meet the needs of existing and future populations, as resources allow.
11. Bald Head Island supports innovative transportation programs related to improved road
and water transportation system improvements, including an enhanced emergency
transportation system.
12. Residential and commercial development in accordance with applicable Village ordinances
is encouraged.
13. Bald Head Island supports and encourages the restoration and/or appropriate adaptive
reuse of significant and architecturally important historic and cultural structures and sites.
14. Bald Head Island supports a completed and well -maintained infrastructure, including the
development of a state of the art solid waste collection system.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 101

15. Bald Head Island supports regional intergovernmental planning as it relates to
transportation, emergency services, etc. Bald Head Island encourages improved regional
cooperation covering all local government units including Brunswick County area
municipalities, neighboring counties, and the State.
1'6. Measures to enhance public safety will be supported, such as regulation of golf cart safety,
as well as enhanced emergency medical service programs. Bald Head Island encourages _
equitable application of county resources to all municipalities, specifically emergency
services such as EMT -paramedic and fire protection.
17. The Village of Bald Head Island supports continued public participation in Village
government. Every effort will be made to improve channels of communication to property
owners and residents to obtain input and ideas at the front-end of the decision making
process.
18. The Village of Bald Head Island believes that the core of strong local government is active
citizen involvement and open communication between Village representatives and their
constituents. The Village will continue to support efforts to further this purpose, such as
the establishment of Village committees, including but not limited to: Finance, Beach,
Roads and Transportation, Public Safety, and Public Works.
19. The Village of Bald Head Island will continually pursue methods and procedures to
minimize the loss of life and property during major storm events. This includes
establishment of an Emergency Mitigation Plan to effectively plan for evacuation/security
measures, as well as provide an orderly method of post -disaster clean up and recovery.
20. The Village of Bald Head Island shall continue to enforce the North Carolina Building Code,
which establishes design/construction standards to meet resistive factors such as high wind
velocity. The Village will also continue to comply with CAMA regulations, whose standards
dictate setbacks for structures particularly susceptible to storm surge.
21. Bald Head Island, in cooperation with County and State officials, continues to explore the
safest, most expedient and efficient evacuation routes for citizens. Continued cooperation
with appropriate officials to ensure proper implementation of emergency planning will be
pursued.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 102

SECTION VI. PLAN FOR THE FUTURE
A. FUTURE DEMANDS
-1. Introduction
This portion of the plan will focus on the future needs and demands facing the Village over the
course of the planning period. The Village faces a unique set of challenges in balancing increased
growth with the protection of the island's unique atmosphere and fragile plant and animal
habitats. The Village has been established and maintained with this problem at the forefront of
discussions regarding future growth. Through the development of goals, policies, and
implementing actions in the context of this plan, the Village will establish a specific course of action
that will assist the citizens and administration in overcoming these challenges.
In addition to environmental protection, the Village must also address the provision of public
services to a growing permanent and seasonal population base. Every year, the number of
available housing units throughout the Village increases, which has a drastic effect on the number
of individuals visiting the island during peak summer months. Although permanent population
increase has been modest over the last 10 to 15 years, the popularity of the Village as a seasonal
and vacation destination has substantially increased. This presents the Village administration with
the issue of addressing this growth with adequate police protection, infrastructure carrying
capacity, fire/EMS protection, recreational opportunities, and transportation facilities.
The goals, policies, and implementing actions section of this plan will address these demands
balanced by protection of sensitive areas of environmental concern.
2. Housing Trends
As evidenced by the existing land survey (page 71) a majority of the developed land (32%) within
the corporate limits of the Village is comprised of single-family residential housing. Residential
development far exceeds any other use in terms of percentage of total land use. This trend is
expected to continue into the future. A majority of the land within the Village has been subdivided
to accommodate residential development. Most of the large tracts of land that still remain
undeveloped are either tied to the maritime forest, or are protected under the Smith Island Land
Trust.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 103

There is still a great deal of vacant land throughout the Village; however, this land has already been
subdivided, and a substantial number of these lots have been sold to private investors. Of the
remaining 1,725 acres of developable vacant land, approximately 87% is zoned for single-family
residential development. It is difficult to predict how rapidly this land will be developed, although
in recent years residential construction has been steady. Since 2000, the Village has issued an
average of 68 building permits per year. It is expected that residential growth will remain
consistent throughout the planning period, and that seasonal population will continue to grow as
a result of this development. There are currently no deficiencies in terms of the quality or
availability of housing within the Village. Additionally, build out of vacant property is not expected
to occur during the planning period (2025).
3. Commercial
Commercial development within the Village is intended to serve the needs of visitors and
permanent residents. Until recently, commercial development was very sparse. However, there
has been some commercial development in an effort to provide access to additional goods and
services without having to traverse to the mainland. Most of the commercial development within
the Village is located immediately adjacent to the marina and ferry terminal, or along Edward
Teach Wynd.
It is expected thatthe new commercial developmentwill occur in these areas; however, there may
be some low intensity commercial/office space development in the Cape Fear Station
Development. There is a small portion of land within the Cape Fear Station Development that has
a zoning classification compatible with commercial development. It is not clear at this time
whetherthis will occur; however, there has been some interest in providing retail space within this
portion of the Village. Commercial development throughout the Village will be minimal during the
planning period. New commercial structures will mainly involve small retail facilities, restaurants,
and office space.
4. Transportation
As stated in the community facilities section of the plan, the Village is responsible for maintaining
and constructing most of the public right-of-ways within the corporate limits. All roads not
maintained by the Village fall under the jurisdiction of a property owners association. Over time,
these roads may be dedicated to the Village if the roads meet required standards. There are no
major road projects currently planned within the Village. The road network within the corporate
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 104

limits of the Village is complete; and any additional right-of-way will come as a result of future
private development.
The most notable change in the current transportation system will be moving the Bald Head Island
Limited Ferry Terminal from Indigo Plantation to Deep Point in Southport. This transition will
provide a more contiguous and user friendly parking and ferry terminal for Village residents and
visitors. It is anticipated that the new ferry terminal will be developed as a mixed use development
with commercial and office space available. The travel time to and from the island will remain
approximately the same.
S. Public Land Use
Public land use is not expected to change substantially during the planning period. No significant
construction or land acquisition is anticipated. The Village will continue to maintain and improve
its existing public facilities. In particular, the Village will focus on improving the quality of its
infrastructure systems and public access sites.
6. Recreation
There are currently no recreational facility plans for the Village of Bald Head Island. Public
recreational facilities within the Village consist of walking trails within the maritime forest, public
beach access points, and the public boat ramp and creek access. The Village is working to upgrade
and maintain all existing public beach access points. The Village is installing rope and pole barriers
at several of the beach access points located along South Beach. This effort is intended to protect
the dunes and dune vegetation recently erected and planted in conjunction with beach
renourishment efforts.
The Village is also in the process of establishing an Island -wide pedestrian trail system. This effort
is being headed up by the long-range planning committee. The trail system is intended to utilize
existing municipal right-of-ways and easements to create a contiguous trail system throughout the
Island.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 105

7. Water System
The Village's municipal water system runs off a series of 16 wells throughout the Village, and is
capable of producing 170 GPM of potable water. The Village does not anticipate the need to
increase the volume of their reverse osmosis water treatment plant system. The Village is now
tied into a county water line that traverses to the island via Oak Island. While operational, this
water line, in.conjunction with the existing RO system, is capable of providing an adequate water
supply even during peak summer months.
The water line that traverses from Oak Island was recently ruptured during dredging efforts off
the southwest corner of the Village. In the event that this water line breaks, the Village has
established a water shortage supply handbook. This handbook establishes a priority system for
water customers during times of water shortages. The Brunswick County water line is now
functional again, and it is not anticipated that there will be additional problems in the future.
As outlined on page 81, the Village's maximum water plant capacity is 170 gallons per minute. The
water line that the Village installed and tied into the Brunswick County water system is intended
to provide the water capacity required through build -out of the Village's corporate limits.
Currently, the Village's system operates at capacity and is supplemented by the county line. The
county line provides approximately 42% of the Village's water supply at any given time.
8. Sewer System
Currently the Bald Head Island sewer plant has a permitted maximum capacity of 400,000 GPD.
It is estimated that during peak summer months the most significant flows reach approximately
200,000 GPD. At this time, it is not anticipated that the plant's capacity will be increased in the
near future. According to the plant supervisor, the plan is to increase the plant's capacity to
800,000 GPD in approximately ten years. Planning for this expansion is anticipated to begin
around the year 2013.
There are still approximately 50 on -site septic systems in place throughout the Village's corporate
limits. All cluster systems, as discussed in the community facilities section of the plan, have been
eliminated. It is anticipated that eventually all of these units will also be served by the system. The
Village closely monitors these systems, and determines when it will be necessary to tie in these
homes and eliminate the remaining septic tank systems. Middle Island is not currently served by
the central sewer system, and it is not anticipated that they will tie into the system.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 106

9. Administration
The Village does not anticipate substantial changes to its current administrative structure.
10. Fire/EMS Services
There are no significant changes anticipated within the Village of Bald Head Island Fire and EMS
Service Department. The Department relies on pumper trucks and an excellent system of fire
hydrants. Water pressure is not anissue for the Village. There is a 450,000 gallon elevated tank
that assists with water pressure and the Department has an emergency fire pump available, if it
is needed. The water system for the Village has adequate capacity for fire protection. The
Department is in the process of purchasing a new 2006 Rescue Pumper with a capacity of 1,000
gallons. The Department is also purchasing a new beach rescue vehicle. The only personnel
changes anticipated during the planning period will be the addition of an Administrative Captain.
11. Police Department
As with the Fire and EMS Department, there are no significant changes anticipated within the
Village Police Department. The department is anticipating the purchase of two all terrain vehicles
to be used for beach patrols, and this will require the hiring of two additional part-time officers.
The department has also recently acquired a26-foot Zodiac Patrol Boat thatwill be utilized during
hurricane events to protect the boat harbor from people entering the Village, as well as patrolling
Bald Head Creek. The Police Department also operates on a three year cycle for the purchase
of a new truck to replace obsolete models currently in service.
12. Stormwater Management
Stormwater management was discussed in the community facilities section of the plan. At this
time, implementation of these improvements has not yet begun. Coastal Land Design is currently
in the process of working through data compiled during the initial study, and anticipates moving
forward with the project over the next 12 to 24 months. This effort will result in a comprehensive
Flood Management Plan.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 107

B. LAND USE/DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND IMPLEMENTING ACTIONS
This section of the plan is intended to guide the development and use of land within the Village of
Bald Head Island. The future land use maps and policies are intended to support the Village's and
CAMA's goals. Specifically, this section includes Village goals, land use development policies, and
the future land use maps. The future land use maps and the specified development goals are based
in part on the Village of Bald Head Island community concerns (identified on page 7 of this plan)
and the future needs/demands (identified in Section VI(A) of this plan). The Village is somewhat
unique in that the planning jurisdiction has been planned and platted based on the developer's
(Bald Head Island Limited) master plan. At this time, the vacant tracts that remain are comprised
of single-family residential and commercial tracts. The future land use map will work in
conjunction with the intended uses of property throughout the Village. One variation will be the
establishment of conservation areas in areas considered hazardous or environmentally sensitive.
C. POLICIES/IMPLEMENTING ACTIONS
1. Introduction
It is intended that the policies included in this plan are consistent with the goals of CAMA. This
plan will address the CRC management topics for land use plans and comply with all state and
federal rules and regulations. The following will serve as a guideline to assist in assuring that this
land use plan will guide the development and use of land in a manner that is consistent with the
management goal(s), planning objective(s), and land use plan requirements of this plan. These
policies/implementing actions will be applied throughout the Village's planning jurisdiction. All
policies/implementing actions shall be used for consistency review by appropriate state and federal
agencies.
Resource conservation and impact analysis issues are addressed throughout the policies and
implementing actions included in this plan. However, the following conservation related policies
and implementing actions are emphasized:
► Public Access, page 113.
► Conservation, page 117.
► Stormwater Control, page 118.
► Natural Hazard Areas, page 123
► Water Quality, page 126.
► Cultural, Historical, and Scenic Areas, page 132.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 108

Specifically, in implementing this plan, the Village Planning Board and Village Council will continually
do the following:
► Consult the Land Use Plan during the deliberation of all re -zoning requests.
► Consider the following in deliberation of all zoning petitions:
► Consider the policies and implementing actions of this plan and all applicable CAMA
regulations in their decisions. regarding land use and development (including I SA
N CAC 7H).
► All uses that are allowed in a zoning district must be considered. A decision to
re -zone or not to re -zone a parcel or parcels of property cannot be based on
consideration of only one use or a partial list of the uses allowed within a zoning
district.
P. Zoning decisions will not be based on aesthetic considerations.
► Requests for zoning changes will not be approved if the requested change will
result in spot zoning. Spot zoning is a form of discriminatory zoning whose sole
purpose is to serve the private interests of one or more landowners instead of
furthering the welfare of the entire community as part of an overall zoning plan.
Spot zoning is based on the arbitrary and inappropriate nature of a re -zoning .
change rather than, as is commonly believed, on the size of the area being re-
zoned.
► The concept of uniformity should be supported in all zoning deliberations.
Uniformity is a basic premise of zoning which holds that all land in similar
circumstances should be zoned alike; any different circumstances should be
carefully balanced with a demonstrated need for such different treatment.
► Zoning regulations should be made in accordance with the Village Land Use Plan
and designed to secure safety from fire, panic, and other dangers; to promote
health and the general welfare; to provide adequate light and air; to prevent the
overcrowding of land; to avoid undue concentration of population; and to facilitate
the adequate provision of transportation, water, sewerage, open space, and other
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 109

public requirements. The regulations shall be made with reasonable consideration,
among other things, as to the character of the district and its peculiar suitability for
particular uses, and with a view to conserving the value. of buildings and
encouraging the most appropriate use of land throughout the Village's planning
jurisdiction.
► Specifically, the Planning Board and Village Council should ask the following
questions:
► Does the Village need more land in the zone class requested?
► Is there other property in the Village that might be more appropriate for
this use?
► Is the request in accordance with the Village land use plan? It should be
noted that no CAMA permits (major or minor) shall be issued for any
proposal that is inconsistent with any of the policies noted within the Land
Use Plan.
► Will the request have a serious impact on overall traffic circulation, sewer
and water services, and other utilities?
► Will the request have an impact on other Village services, including police
protection and fire protection?
► Is there a good possibility that the request, as proposed, will result in
lessening the enjoyment or use of adjacent properties?
► Will the request, as proposed, cause serious noise, odors, light, activity, or
unusual disturbances?
► Does the request raise serious legal questions such as spot zoning, hardship,
violation of precedents, or need for this type of use?
► Does the request adversely impact any CAMA AEC's or other
environmentally sensitive areas including water quality?
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 1 1 O

It is intended that this plan will serve as the basic tool to guide development/growth in the Village.
subject to the following:
► The Village Land Development Ordinances, when applicable, should be revised from time
to time to be consistent, as reasonably possible, with the recommendations of this plan and
the evolving nature of the Village's growth and development policy.
► Land development regulations should be designed: to ensure safe and efficient
transportation; to secure safety from fire, panic, and other dangers; to promote health and
the general welfare; to provide adequate light and air; to prevent the overcrowding of land;
to avoid undue concentration of population; and to facilitate the adequate provision of
transportation, water, sewerage, and other public requirements.
► The Village will coordinate all development proposals that fall subject to CAMA regulations
with appropriate State and/or Federal agencies.
2. Policies Regarding Land Use and Development in AEC's
The Village accepts state and federal law regarding land uses and development in AEC's.
By reference, all applicable state and federal regulations are incorporated into this document. All
policies and implementing actions are to be utilized bythe State of North Carolinafor consistency
review. Note the following:
► No policy is subordinate to another.
P. All management topics have equal status.
► The future land use map may show some areas in a developed category which may also
include sensitive habitats or natural areas. The intent is that development should be
designed/permitted to protect these areas through utilization of concepts such as cluster
development. Development/project approval will be based on project design which avoids
substantial loss of important habitat areas. .
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE I I I

D. LAND USE PLAN MANAGEMENT.TOPICS
1. Introduction
The purposes of the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC) management topics are to ensure that
CAMA Land Use Plans support the goals of CAMA, to define the CRC's expectations for the land
use planning process, and to give the CRC a substantive basis for review and certification of CAMA
Land Use Plans. Each of the following management topics (Public Access, Land Use Compatibility,
Infrastructure Carrying Capacity, Transportation, Natural Hazard Areas, Water Quality, and Local
Areas of Concern) include three components: a management goal, a statement of the CRC's
planning objective, and requirements for the CAMA Land Use Plan. These policies apply to the
entire Village. The local concerns which should be addressed in this plan are identified on page
7. These concerns and issues were utilized to develop the goals and objectives which are included
in this plan. Additionally, the survey results obtained through the absentee property owner
questionnaires will also be taken into account. Most of the implementing actions are continuing
activities. In most situations, specific timelines are not applicable. Refer to page 149 for a list of
those implementing actions which have a specific schedule. The policies and implementing actions
frequently utilize the following words: should, continue, encourage, enhance, identify, implement,
maintain, prevent, promote, protect, provide, strengthen, support, work. The intent of these
words is defined in Appendix V. Please note: Policies and Implementing Actions are numbered
consecutively throughout this document with the letter "P" denoting a policy and the letter "I"
denoting an implementing action.
2. Impact of CAMA Land Use Plan Policies on Management Topics
The development of this land use plan has relied in some part on the CAMA-prescribed existing
land suitability analysis which is included in Section V(E) of this document. Reliance on this map
is based in large part on the intent that this document is supportive of the CAMA regulations for
protection of AEC's (I SA NCAC 7H). This analysis was performed to identify pockets of land that
are particularly poorly suited for development with respect to environmentally sensitive areas.
This plan is intended to support the Village vision statement which was developed under the
Community Vision 2010 long range planning process. No negative impacts are anticipated by the
implementation of the goals, objectives, and policies which are included in this plan.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 112

Note: It is intended that all policies are, at a minimum, consistent with applicable State and Federal
requirements when State and Federal requirements apply. If a policy goes beyond federal
requirements, it shall be interpreted as a policy established by the Village of Bald Head Island.
3. Public Access
a. Management Goal
The Village will maximize public access to the beaches and the public trust waters
bordering its primary corporate limits.
b. Planning Objective
The Village will develop comprehensive policies that provide beach and public trust water
access opportunities for the public along the shoreline and estuarine areas within the planning
jurisdiction.
C. Land Use Plan Requirements
The following are the Village's policies/implementing actions for waterfront access.
Policies:
P. I The Village supports the Brunswick County Economic Development Commission
and recreational related developments that protect and preserve the natural
environment while promoting the Village as a family vacation destination. It
supports the private and public development of public waterfront access through
private funds and grant monies.
P.2 The Village supports providing shoreline access for persons with disabilities.
P.3 The Village supports the frequency of shoreline access as defined by 15A NCAC
7M, Section .0300, Shorefront Access Policies.
PA The Village supports state/federal funding of piers for crabbing and fishing, as,well
. as other facilities to serve the public at beach and estuarine access sites.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 113

P.5 The Village supports the development of estuarine access areas to ensure adequate
shoreline access within all areas of the Village.
Implementing Actions:
1.1 The Village will prepare a shoreline access and public facilities plan and request
Division of Coastal Management funding for the preparation of the plan. Schedule:
Fiscal Years 2007-2009.
1.2 The Village will pursue funding under the North Carolina CAMA Shoreline Access
funding program (15A NCAC 7M, Section .0300, Shorefront Access Policies).
Schedule: Fiscal Years 2007-2010.
1.3 The Village will pursue private sources of funding for the establishment of additional
properties to be protected under the Smith Island Land Trust, including donation
of land. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.4 The Village will cooperate with state and federal agencies as well as private interest
to secure estuarine access areas, including Bald Head Creek, to ensure adequate
shoreline access within all areas of the Village. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
4. Land Use Compatibility
a. Management Goal
The Village will ensure that development and use of resources or preservation of land
minimize direct and secondary environmental impacts, avoid risks to public health, safety, and
welfare, and are consistent with the capability of the land based on considerations of interactions
of natural and manmade features.
b. Planning Objectives
i. The Village will adopt and apply local development policies that balance
protection of natural resources and fragile areas with continued growth and
development.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 114

ii. The Village's policies will provide clear direction to assist local decision
making and consistency findings for zoning, divisions of land, and public and
private projects.
C. Land Use Plan Requirements
The following are the Village's policies/implementing actions for land use compatibility:
Policies - Residential:
P.6 The Village supports discouraging the re -zoning of existing residentially -developed
or zoned areas to a non-residential classification in an effort to maintain the overall
residential character of the Village. Such re -zoning and amendments in
classifications to the future land use map should be carefully balanced with a
demonstrated need for such proposed development that will be the best overall
land development polity for the Village.
P.7 The Village supports quality development reflecting the spectrum of housing needs
ranging from single-family homes to multi -family and cluster type developments.
P.8 The Village supports the approval of growth to coincide with the provision of public
facilities and services.
P.9 The Village supports wooded buffers along thoroughfares while allowing for
maximum sight line visibility at intersections.
P.10 The Village supports providing adequate conservation/open space buffers between
areas designated for residential development as indicated on the future land use
map and any adjacent non-residential land use, including commercial and utility
areas.
P.1 I The Village supports the ability of all Property Owners Associations (POA) to
establish restrictive covenants throughout its planning jurisdiction. Proposals for
development or redevelopment should not only comply with Village land
development policies and ordinances, but should also abide by all restrictions
established under a given properties respective POA restrictive covenants.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 115

Implementing Actions - Residential:
1.5 All re -zoning and subdivision approvals will consider the future land use and land
suitability maps and analyses which are included in this plan. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.
1.6 The Village will permit residential development to occur in response to market
needs provided that the following criteria are met:
(1) . Current codes and ordinances in conjunction with NCDCM oversight will
ensure that due respect is offered to all aspects of the environment.
(2) If deficient community facilities and services are identified, the Village shall
attempt to improve such to the point of adequately meeting demands.
(3) Additional residential development shall concurrently involve planning for
improvements to community facilities and services if excess capacity does
not exist within those facilities and services.
(4) Residential development is consistent with other Village policies and the
Future Land Use Map as contained in this plan update.
This implementing action will be enforced through the Village zoning and
subdivision ordinances. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.7 The Village will consider revisions to the zoning ordinance for non-residential sites
to ensure adequate buffering and landscaping to separate residential and
incompatible non-residential uses, and adequate regulation of off -site lighting, hours
of operation, and vehicular access and parking locations. Schedule: Fiscal Years
2007-2009.
1.8 The Village will regulate through its zoning and subdivision ordinance the
development of conflicting land uses in areas where non-residential development
is permitted. The Village will aim to minimize these impacts through promoting
mixed use development (see page 142). Schedule: Continuing Activity.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 116

Policies Commercial:
P.12 The Village supports commercial development consistent with the Village's future
land use map and current zoning ordinance.
P.13 The Village opposes the establishment of any industrial operations within its
planning jurisdiction.
P.14 The Village opposes additional private or public solid waste collection sites within
the Village's planning jurisdiction.
Implementing_ Actions - Commercial:
1.9 The Village will enforce its zoning regulations and rely on state permitting agencies
to ensure that all commercial development within or adjacent to Areas of
Environmental Concern is carried out properly. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.10 The Village will review its zoning and subdivision ordinances to ensure compliance
with policies P. 13-P.16. Schedule: Fiscal Years 2008-2009.
Policies - Conservation:
P.15 Except as otherwise permitted in this plan, residential, commercial, and
office/institutional development should not be supported in natural heritage areas,
conservation areas, or coastal wetlands. Residential and commercial development
which meets 15A NCAC 7H use standards will be allowed in estuarine shoreline,
estuarine water, and public trust areas. In all other areas, development will be
allowed that is consistent with applicable local, state, and federal regulations.
P.16 The Village will support larger lots in conservation classified areas as designated on
the future land use map through enforcement of the Village subdivision and zoning
ordinances in zoned areas.
P.17 The Village aims to maintain its character as an eco-friendly residential community.
Commercial development should be permitted only in areas outlined on the future
land use map.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 117

P.18 It is the policy of the Village to "encourage the construction of dune walkover
platforms at all private beach access points. If individual walkovers are not
established, then property owners will be required to utilize municipal dune
crossings for beach access.
P. 19 ' The Village recognizes that major updates and revisions need to be made to the
current landscaping ordinance to address tree trimming and removal procedures.
Implementing Actions - Conservation:
1.11 The Village will continue to promote the Smith Island Land Trust program in an
effort to preserve additional portions of the Island as conservation/open space.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.12 The Village will review its zoning and subdivision ordinances to ensure compliance
with policies P.17-P.19. Schedule: Fiscal Years 2008-2009.
Policies - Stormwater Control:
P.20 The Village supports reducing soil erosion, runoff, and sedimentation to minimize
the adverse effects on surface and subsurface water quality.
P.21 The Village supports the enforcement of all controls and regulations, specifically
design standards, tie -down requirements, construction and installation standards,
elevation requirements, flood -proofing, CAMA regulations, and FEMA regulations,
and locally adopted Hazard Mitigation Plan, deemed necessary by the Village
Council to mitigate the risks to lives and property caused by severe storms and
hurricanes.
P.22 The Village supports the Brunswick County National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) Phase II stormwater management program, due to
its role in reducing the impact of stormwater runoff to waterbodies throughout the
county.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 118

Implementing Actions - Stormwater Control:
1.13 The Village will consider adopting and enforcing asoil erosion and sediment control
ordinance. Schedule: Fiscal Years 2008-2010.
1.14 The Village will review its stormwater control ordinance and include updates
regarding regulations for water detention and/or retention facilities in new
developments as new state and federal policy requires. Schedule: Fiscal Years
2007-2008.
1.15 The Village supports ongoing planning and capital improvement efforts to address
the drainage problem associated with flooding from tropical storm events.
Schedule: Fiscal Years 2007-2009
1.16 The Village will seek grant funding from state and federal agencies for assistance in
funding capital improvement projects that will aid the Village in alleviating flooding
and storm drainage problems which exist throughout the Village. Schedule: Fiscal
Years 2007-2009.
5. Infrastructure Carrying Capacity
a. Management Goal
The Village will ensure that public infrastructure systems are appropriately sized, located,
and managed so the quality and productivity of AECs and other fragile areas are protected or
restored. It is acknowledged that to achieve the infrastructure carrying capacitygoals, policies, and
implementing actions, some utility lines may have to extend through some environmentally
sensitive areas.
b. Planning Objective
The Village will establish level of service policies and criteria for infrastructure consistent
with the projections of future land needs.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 119

C. . Land Use Plan Requirements
Please refer to Map 14 for delineation of the water and sewer service areas. The following
are the Village's policies for infrastructure carrying capacity.
Policies:
P.23 The Village supports providing adequate community services and facilities which
meet the needs of the Village's citizens and businesses.
P.24 The Village supports providing sufficient water and sewer service to promote
continued growth and to alleviate public health problems created by the absence
of public water and sewer services in the Village. Extensions of central, sewer
service will be provided as required.
P.25 The Village supports the extension of water services from existing systems and
encourages the use of central systems for new developments whether residential,
commercial, or office/institutional in nature. It also supports the continued public
provision of solid waste disposal, law enforcement, and educational services to all
citizens of the Village.
P.26 The Village supports the ongoing maintenance and use of properly permitted septic
tank systems and the enforcement of District Health Department regulations and
local development regulations regarding lot sizes and waste disposal system
placement until FY2027, whereby all existing systems must be connected to the
Village's Central Sewer System.
P.27 The Village supports the provision of public recreational facilities and areas and will
pursue grant funds and private donations for public open space and recreation
facilities.
Implementing Actions:
1.17 The Village will rely on its existing land use and development ordinances to regulate
development and may amend or modify regulations to encourage or require the
provision of central water service to lots or parcels proposed in new
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 120

developments. This change will reflect the current policy of the Village of Bald
Head Island Utilities. Schedule: Fiscal Years 2007-2008.
1.18 The Village will consult the future land use map when considering new public
facilities and private development. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.19 The Village will rely on the NC Division of Water Quality and the Brunswick
County Department of Environmental Health to oversee the proper operation,
management, and maintenance of all wastewater treatment facilities within
portions of the Village where sewer is not available. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.
1.20 The Village will consider adopting an operating and capital financing plan for the
development of water and sewer system extensions and upgrades in preparation
for future demand. Schedule: Fiscal Years 2006-2008.
1.21 The Village will provide sufficient emergency management personnel and facilities
to adequately serve the projected peak seasonal population growth. Schedule:
Annually.
1.22 The Village will coordinate the development of any Village facilitywith all applicable
property owners' associations in order to maximize the potential quality, access,
and use of these facilities. Additionally, the Village will consider taking over
jurisdiction and maintenance of POA facilities, if requested, assuming that these
facilities comply with Village standards and requirements. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.
6. Transportation
a. Management Goal
The Village will achieve a safe, efficient, reliable, environmentally -sound, and economically
feasible road system within the Village.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 121

b. Planning Objective
The Village will provide a safe and efficient road system throughout the Village's planning
jurisdiction.
C. Land Use Plan Requirements
Policies:
P.28 The Village supports interconnected street systems for residential and non-
residential development.
P.29 The Village supports limited access from development along all roadways to
provide safe ingress and egress.
P.30 The Village supports maintaining an effective signage and addressing system for all
right-of-ways including private drives and access streets.
P.31 The Village supports state and federal funding for maintenance/dredging of the
Intracoastal Waterway including the ferry channel which is utilized as the primary
transportation route to and from the mainland.
P.32 The Village will maintain strict enforcement of its regulations against gas powered
engines. Gas powered engines should be limited to emergency management/police
vehicles, as well as all required contractor traffic including solid waste removal
vehicles.
P.33 The Village supports the developer's careful monitoring of the ferry basin to ensure
safe travel into and out of the basin. This will serve to maintain safe, consistent,
and efficient travel to and from the mainland.
P.34 The Village will aim to ensure the safe operation of watercraft within waters
immediately adjacent to its jurisdiction. .Specifically, the Village will enforce its
regulations regarding watercraft in Bald Head Creek. This policy specifies that
there shall be no boat with a horsepower rating greater than 25 or greater than 16
feet in length stored or launched from the Village's boat access.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 122

1.23 , The Village will continue to consider the dedication of all street right-of-ways for
Village maintenance. Dedication of all existing and proposed streets will be
determined on a case -by -case basis, and will be determined based on whether the
respective street right-of-way meets the design specifications of the Village.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.24 The Village will periodically review its ordinances regarding the restriction.of gas
powered engines as growth continues, in an effort to minimize the impacts of noise
and water pollution throughout the Village's planning jurisdiction. Schedule:
Annually.
1.25 The Village will establish a no wake zone at the mouth of Bald Head Creek. This
will be implemented through the installation of buoys and signage specifying where
this zone will begin. This rule will be primarily. enforced by NC Marine Fish and
Wildlife, as well as the Brunswick County Sheriffs Department. Schedule: Fiscal
Years 2007-2008.
1.26 The Village will consider options for establishing a public. Inter -Island
Transportation System. This system will focus on alleviating traffic from areas of
the Village where traffic flow has historically been a problem. Schedule: Ongoing.
7. Natural Hazard Areas
a. Management Goal
The Village will conserve and maintain shorelines, floodplains, major dune ridges, and other
coastal features for their natural storm protection functions and their natural resources giving
recognition to public health, safety, and welfare issues.
b. Planning Objective
The Village will develop policies that minimize threats to life, property, and natural
resources resulting from development located in or adjacentto hazard areas, such as those subject
to erosion, high winds, storm surge, flooding, or sea level rise.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PACE 123

C. Land Use Plan Requirements
The following are the Village's policies/implementing actions for natural hazard areas.
Policies:
P.35 The Village supports the installation of properly engineered and permitted
bulkheads.
P.36 The Village supports the US Army Corps of Engineers' regulations and the
applicable guidelines of the Coastal Area Management Act and the use of local land
use ordinances to regulate development within or immediately adjacent to
freshwater swamps, marshes, and 404 wetlands.
P.37 The Village supports relocation of structures endangered by erosion, if the
relocated structure will be in compliance with all applicable policies and regulations.
P.38 The Village recognizes the uncertainties associated with sea level rise. The rate of
rise is difficult to predict. Thus, it is difficult to establish policies to deal with the
effects of sea level rise. The Village supports cooperation with local, state, and
federal efforts to inform the public of the anticipated effects of sea level rise.
P.39 The Village supports the land use densities that are specified on page 140 (Future
Land Use) of this plan. Through enforcement of the zoning ordinance, these
densities will minimize damage from natural hazards and support the hazard
mitigation plan.
PAO The Village continues to believe the US Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for
the damages to South and West Beach and the Village infrastructure resulting from
the sloughing and shoaling of the South Beach Shoreline into the federal navigation
channel caused by the deepening of the channel pursuant to the Wilmington
Harbor Deepening Project, NC-96 Act ("The Deepening Project"). The Village
supports the remediation provided by the Sand Management Plan (see Appendix
VII), as interpreted by Colonel James W. DeLony's letter of June 9, 2000 (see
AppendixVll), that was incorporated into the Environmental Assessment to obtain
a Finding of No Significant Impact for the Deepening Project and a Consistency
Determination from the NC Division of Coastal Management (see Appendix VII)
for the Deepening Project. The Village also relies upon the Settlement Agreement
BALD HEAD ISuwD LAND USE PLAN PAGE 124

entered into between the Village and the US Army Corps of Engineers dated
March 24, 2005 (see Appendix VII), and the requirements for communication and
cooperation required therein. The Village opposes any further deepening of the
federal navigation channel and believes the Corps needs to explore additional
measures to protect South and West; Beach from the effects of the 2000-2001
Deepening Project.
PA I The Village recognizes the significance of protecting the primary dune line along
oceanfront portions of the Village, as well as the inter -Island dune ridge system.
The Village supports continued efforts to protect these dunes through a proactive
dune stabilization and protection program.
P.42 The Village will continue to enforce its requirement for a landscape permit in an
effort to protect all existing dunes, berms, vegetative cover, and tree species.
Furthermore, it is imperative that the inner island dune ridge system, which
traverses east to west across the island, be preserved.
Implementing Actions:
1.27 The Village supports hazard, mitigation planning. The Village's Hazard Mitigation
Plan may be viewed at the Village Hall during normal office hours. The Land Use
Plan and the Hazard Mitigation Plan should be consistent with one another. Should
there be conflicting policies, the Land Use Plan takes precedence. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
1.28 The Village will continue to enforce its Floodplain Ordinance and participate in the
National Flood Insurance Program. It will rely on the North Carolina Department
of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Coastal Management to
monitor and regulate development in areas up to five feet above mean high water
susceptible to sea level rise and wetland loss. Subdivision regulations will be
enforced — requiring elevation monuments to be set so that floodplain elevations
can be more easily determined. Schedule: Reviewed Annually.
1.29 The.Village will monitor development proposals for compliance with Section 404
of the Clean Water Act and will continue to enforce local land use ordinances to
regulate development within or adjacent to freshwater swamps, marshes, and 404
wetlands. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 125

1.30 In the event of a natural disaster, the Village permits redevelopment of previously
developed areas, provided all applicable policies, regulations, and ordinances are
complied with. Redevelopment, including infrastructure, should be designed to
withstand natural hazards. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.31 . The Village will enforce the density controls in the zoning ordinance and subdivision
ordinance in potential redevelopment areasto control growth intensity. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
1.32 In response to possible sea level rise, the Village will review all local building and
land use related ordinances and consider establishing setback standards, density
controls, bulkhead restrictions, buffer vegetation protection requirements, and
building designs which will facilitate the movement of structures in the event that
sea level rise poses a threat to existing development. Schedule: Fiscal Years
2009-2010.
1.33 The Village will utilize the future land use maps to control development. These
maps are coordinated with the land suitability map and existing infrastructure maps.
Schedule: Annually.
1.34 The Village will vigorously enforce its rights to protect its beaches and
infrastructure under the Sand Management Plan, Colonel Del-ony's June 9, 2000
letter, the Consistency Determination of the Division of Coastal Management, and
the March 24, 2005 Settlement Agreement. Schedule: Fiscal Years 2007-2010.
1.35 The Village will continue its dune stabilization efforts by continuing to install rope
and pole fence enclosures around the primary dune line along oceanfront portions
of the Village. This effort will also involve the planting of sea oats and Bitter
Panicum to increase the stability of the dune line. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
8. Water Quality
a. Management Goal
The Village will maintain, protect, and where possible; enhance water quality in all coastal
wetlands, rivers, streams, and estuaries. This should include a means of addressing the complex
problems of planning for increased development and economic growth while protecting and/or
restoring the quality and intended uses of the basin's surface waters.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 126

b. Planning Objective
The Village will adopt policies for surface waters within the Village to help ensure that
water quality is maintained if not impaired and improved if impaired.
C. Land Use Plan Requirements
The following provides the Village's policies/implementing actions on water quality.
Policies:
P.43 The Village supports the guidelines of the Coastal Area Management Act and the
efforts and programs of the North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources, Division of Coastal Management and the Coastal Resources
Commission to protect the coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, estuarine
shorelines, and public trust waters of the Village.
P.44 The Village supports conserving its surficial groundwater resources.
P.45 The Village supports commercial and recreational fishing in its waters and will
cooperate with other local governments and state and federal agencies to control
pollution of these waters to improve conditions so that commercial and
recreational fisheries will not be depleted. It also supports the preservation of
nursery and habitat areas.
P.46 The Village opposes the disposal of any toxic wastes, as defined by the .US
Environmental Protection Agency's Listing of Hazardous Substances and Priority
Pollutants (developed pursuant to the Clean WaterAct of 1977), within its planning
jurisdiction.
P.47 The Village recognizes the value of water quality maintenance to the protection of
fragile areas and to the provision of clean water for recreational purposes and
supports the control of stormwater runoff to aid in the preservation of water
quality. The Village will support existing state regulations relating to stormwater
runoff resulting from development (Stormwater Disposal Policy 15 NCAC 2H.001-
.1003). Additionally, the Village supports all efforts of the Brunswick County
NPDES Phase II stormwater management program.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 127

P.48 The Village supports regulation of underground storage tanks within the marina
area for storing fuel in order to protect its groundwater resources. The Village will
continue to rely on the NCDENR UST Division to regulate this policy.
P.49 The Village supports the policy that all State of North Carolina projects should be
designed to limit to the extent possible stormwater runoff into coastal waters.
P.50 The Village supports implementation of the Cape Fear River Basin Water Quality
Management Plan.
P.51 The Village supports protection of those waters known to be of the highest quality
or supporting biological communities of special importance.
P.52 The Village supports management of problem pollutants, particularly biological
oxygen demand and nutrients, in order to correct existing water quality problems
and to ensure protection of those waters currently supporting their uses. This
effort should focus on residential development adjacent to Bald Head Creek.
P.53 The Village opposes the installation of package treatment plants and septic tanks
or discharge of waste in any areas classified as coastal wetlands, freshwater
wetlands (404), or natural heritage areas. This policydoes not applyto constructed
wetlands.
P.54 The Village supports the following actions by the General Assembly and the
Governor:
Sufficient state funding should be appropriated to initiate a program of
incentives grants to address pollution of our rivers from both point sources
and nonpoint sources.
— An ongoing source of state funding should be developed to provide
continuous support for an incentives grant program.
— The decision -making process for the award of incentives grants should
involve river basin organizations representing local governments and other
interest groups in the review of all applications for state funding.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 128

— The ongoing effort of the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources to develop administrative rules implementing the Cape Fear
River Basin Management Strategy should continue to involve local
government officials in the development, review, and refinement of the
proposal.
P.55 The Village does not support the location of floating homes within its jurisdiction.
P.56 The Village supports the following goals of the NC Coastal Habitat Protection
Program (CHPP):
— . Document the ecological role and function of aquatic habitats for coastal
fisheries.
Provide status and trends information on the quality and quantity of coastal
fish habitat.
— Describe and document threats to coastal fish habitat, including threats
from both human activities and natural events.
— Describe the current rules concerning each habitat.
Identify management needs.
Develop options for management action using the above information.
P.57 The Village supports the efforts of the Bald Head Island Conservancy to monitor,
and research methodologies to improve water quality throughout the Village's
planning jurisdiction.
P.58 The Village of Bald Head Island will comply .with all Phase 11 Stormwater
Requirements, if the Village becomes a named community under the program by
the NC Environmental Management Commission.
Implementing Actions:
1.36 The Village will complywith CAMA and NC Division of Water Quality stormwater
runoff regulations. This will include implementation of an NPDES Phase II program
when the Village becomes a named community. Schedule: Fiscal Years 2007-
.2009.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 129

1.37 The Village will enforce its zoning and subdivision regulations to aid in protecting
sensitive shoreline areas. It will rely on state and federal agencies to promote and
protect the Cape Fear River, as well as other nursery and habitat areas adjacent to
the Village. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.38 The Village will rely on the technical requirements and state program approval for
underground storage tanks (40 CFR, Parts 280 and 281), and any subsequent state
regulations concerning underground storage tanks adopted during the planning
period. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.39 The Village will continuously enforce, through the development and zoning permit
process, all current regulations of the NC State Building Code and North Carolina
Division of Health Services relating to building construction and septic tank
installation/replacement in areas with soils restrictions. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.
1.40 The Village will implement the following actions through local ordinances to
improve water quality (Note: these actions are especially significant in areas
adjacent to Bald Head Creek):
— Use watershed -based land use planning
— Minimize impervious cover in site design
— Limit erosion during construction
— Maintain coastal growth measures
— Restoration of impaired waters
— Reduction of nutrients in the Village waters. Schedule: Review local
ordinances annually.
1.41 Preservation of wetlands is important to the protection/improvement of water
quality in the Village. The following will be implemented:
— Coordinate all development review with the appropriate office of the US
Army Corps of Engineers and the Soil Conservation Service. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 130

Require that wetland areas be surveyed and delineated on all preliminary
and final subdivision plats. Schedule: Fiscal Years 2007-2008.
1.42 In responding to the requirements of the Phase II program, the Village will outline
and implement a five-year stormwater management program aimed at reducing
pollutants into receiving waterbodies. This program will focus on improving water
quality in order to maintain adjacent waterbodies for the purposes of recreation
and shellfishing. Specifically, this program will address the following minimum
control measures (MCMs) in relation to stormwater management:
— Public Education and Outreach
— Public Participation
Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
— Construction Site Runoff
Post Construction Runoff Control
— Municipal Operations
Schedule: Fiscal Year 2007-2008.
9. - Local Areas of Concern
a. Management Goal
The Village will integrate local concerns with the overall goals of CAMA in the context of
land use planning.
b. Planning Objective
The Village will identify and address local concerns and issues, such as cultural and historic
areas, scenic areas, economic development, or general health and human services needs.
C. Land Use Plan Requirements
The following provides the Village's policies/implementing actions on local areas of concern.
Al policies are continuing activities.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 131

Policies - Cultural, Historic, and Scenic Areas:
P.59 The Village supports local, state, and federal efforts to protect historic properties
within its borders and to perpetuate its cultural heritage. This specifically refers to
the following recognized historic properties within the Village: Bald Head Creek
Boathouse, Bald Head Island Lighthouse, Fort Holmes.
Implementing Actions - Cultural, Historic, and Scenic Areas:
1.43 The Village will guide development so as to protect historic and potentially historic
properties in the Village and to perpetuate the Village's cultural heritage.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.44 The Village will coordinate all Village public works projects with the NC Division
of Archives and History, to ensure the identification and preservation of significant
archaeological sites. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Policies - Economic Development:
P.60 Visitors are important to the Village and will be supported by the Village.
P.61 The Village will encourage both residential and mixed use (commercial/
residential/office.& institutional) development while aiming to protect the Village's
resources and preserve its environmentally friendly atmosphere. Support for
commercial development is limited to those areas specified on the future land use
map.
P.62 The Village will encourage moderate mixed use development in areas with existing
infrastructure that does not infringe on existing medium density residential areas.
P.63 . The Village supports the extension of water services from existing systems and
encourages the use of central systems for new developments.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 132

Implementing Actions - Economic Development:
1.45 The Village will continue to support the activities of the Brunswick County
Economic Development Commission. Schedule: Annual Membership.
1.46 The Village will support projects that will increase public access to shoreline areas.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Policies - General Health and Human Services Needs:
P.64 The Village supports the continued public provision of solid waste disposal, law
enforcement, and educational services to all citizens of the Village.
P.65 In an effort to improve health conditions, the Village supports the following water
and sewer policies:
— The Village supports the extension of central water service into all areas of
the Village shown on the land suitability analysis map as suitable for
development, including the construction of lines to and through
conservation areas to serve development which meets all applicable state
and federal regulations.
— The Village is aware that inappropriate land uses near well fields increase
the possibility of well contamination. Land uses near groundwater sources
are regulated by the North Carolina Division of Water Quality, Public
Water Supply Section through NCAC Subchapter 2L and Subchapter 2C.
The Village recognizes the importance of protecting potable water supplies,
and therefore supports the enforcement of these regulations.
— The Village supports all efforts to secure available state and federal funding
for the construction and/or expansion of public and private water/sewer
systems.
The Village supports the construction of water systems with adequate line
sizes to ensure adequate water pressure and fire protection.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 133

- The Village will continue to ensure provision of water services to Village
residents and will continue the process of studying the role of Village
government in providing sewage treatment facilities for rapidly growing
areas of the Village, including the construction of lines to and through
conservation areas to serve development which meets all applicable state
and federal regulations. The Village will secure federal and state grants,
when feasible, to help carry out this policy.
Implementing Actions - General Health and Human Services Needs:
1.47 Floodplain regulation is a concern in the Village. To accomplish protection of public
health and service needs, The Village will:
Continue to enforce the flood hazard reduction provisions of the Village
Land Development Ordinances. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Prohibit the installation of underground storage tanks in the 100-year
floodplain. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Zone for open space, recreational, residential (at densities outlined under
future land use), or other low -intensity uses within the floodplain.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.48 To effectively manage the Village's investment in existing and proposed community.
facilities and services, the Village will develop a specific capital improvements plan
(CIP) with emphasis placed on services and facilities which affect growth and
development. Schedule: Fiscal Years 2007-2009.
1.49 The Village will provide sufficient emergency services to all residents. The Village
will implement the following:
— Require that all necessary infrastructure firefighting capability/capacity be
provided in new subdivisions and developments. Schedule: Review
Annually.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 134

Continue to maintain an effective signage and addressing system for all
streets, roads, and highways. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.50 The Village will manage the deer population within the Village in consultation with
NC Wildlife and Fisheries and the BHI Conservancy. Schedule: Annually.
Implementing Actions - Funding Options:
1.51 The Village will continue to support state and federal programs that are deemed
necessary, cost-effective, and within the administrative and fiscal capabilities of the
Village. Schedule: Continuing Activity. These include:
Community Development Block Grant Program
— Area Agency on Aging
— Emergency Medical Services
- Coastal Area Management Act, including shoreline access funds
Small Business Association
Economic Development Administration Funds
— Federal Emergency Management Program
MEDICAID
Crisis Intervention
1.52 The Village will selectively support state and federal programs related to the
Village. The Village, through its boards and committees, will monitor state and
federal programs and regulations. It will use opportunities as they are presented
to voice support for or to disagree with programs and regulations that are
proposed by state and federal agencies. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.53 The Village officials will continue to work with the Army Corps of Engineers and,
any other state and federal agencies to ensure continued dredging and maintenance
of channels and rivers as needed to keep these facilities open to navigation. These
efforts shall complywith applicable state and federal regulations. Providing borrow
or spoil areas and provision of easements for work will be determined on case -by -
case basis. The Village encourages spoil material being placed on those areas
where beach renourishment efforts are necessary. Channel maintenance has major
economic significance and is worthy of state and federal funding. Schedule:
Program Reviewed Annually.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 135

E. FUTURE LAND USE PLAN
I . Introduction
The future land use plan or "map" is an essential tool for implementing land use planning. The map
is intended to serve as aguide for the Village Council and Planning Board when they review private
development proposals and make decisions on the location of public facilities. The land use plan
also provides the framework upon which zoning and subdivision regulations and the capital
improvements program should be based.
A land use plan is intended to accomplish three primary objectives. These objectives are as
follows:
► To promote economic efficiency by coordinating the size and location of future
publicly -provided future community facilities with the location and intensity of
future private residential and commercial development activity.
► To optimize resources by allocating land for its most suitable use. For example, a
village may want to focus high density residential development into areas that will
not affect traffic flow, or impede sight lines and views from single-family residential
areas.
► To provide a land use form that reflects the vision of the Village's residents, is
unified, avoids conflicting land uses, optimizes resources, preserves the Village's
character and is pleasing: providing open space, vistas and distinguishable districts.
It is important that the Village understands that merely completing the land use plan, illustrating
the Village's vision for the future, does not ensure that its objectives will be met. It should be
noted however, that as discussed earlier in the plan', the Village is unique in that it is a planned
community. Due to this fact land uses throughout a majority of the Village's planning jurisdiction
have already been determined. The Future Land Use map (page 138) expresses these
development preferences which are in line with the Village's zoning regulations and districts.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 136

2. Future Land Use Map
a. Introduction
The future land use map (Map 17) depicts application of the policies for growth and
development as outlined in this plan, as well as the desired future patterns of land use and land
development. Future infrastructure is not indicated on this map mainly due to the fact that a
majority of the Village's planning jurisdiction currently receives both water and sewer service. The
Future Land Use Plan Map was compiled utilizing a combination of existing land use, zoning
regulations, and input from the Land Use Plan Committee. This map depicts how the Village will
develop through total buildout. It is not anticipated that the uses as depicted will change. The
future land use map must include the following:
► 14-digit hydrological units encompassed by the planning area.
► Areas and locations planned for conservation or open space and a description of
compatible land uses and activities.
► Areas and locations planned for future growth and development with descriptions
of the following characteristics:
Predominant and supporting land uses that are encouraged in each area;
Overall density and development intensity planned for each area; and
Infrastructure required to support planned development in each area
► Existing and planned infrastructure, including major roads, water, and sewer.
► Reflect the information depicted on the Composite Map of Environmental
Conditions (Map 1 1) and Map of Land Suitability Analysis (Map 16).
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 137

9 <�.OF.B
0
MAP 17
s
>sLAN
Village of
Bald Head Island
Land Use Plan
Future Land Use
Legend
110 Village of Bald Head Island Corporate Limits
Bald Head Island Ferry Route
Hydrology
Stage I
O Stage II
Stage 1 and 2
® Middle Island
Future Land Use
AOP
Conservation
Government
LDR
Medium Density Residential 2
Medium Density Residential I
iMixed Use
PUD
REC
i SILT Tracts
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
Page 138

b. Future Land Use Acreages
Table 38 provides a summary of the estimated future land use acreages. Based on the
results of the land suitability analysis, some areas are committed to the conservation category on
.the future land use map. The areas depicted as conservation on the map and corresponding
acreages listed below will never be built upon. It should also be noted that the Smith Island Land
Trust tracts shown on the map will also be preserved and remain as open space in perpetuity (for
an explanation of the Smith Island Land Trust tracts located throughout the Village see page 50).
The future land use plan map depicts areas for development which are geographically consistent
with the land suitability map (Map 16, page 92), and local ordinances. The future land use acreages
are broken down into four categories or regions: Stage I, Stage 11, Middle Island, and Other. The
purpose of this is to show how these areas are intended to be developed. The following provides
a brief description of each areas development characteristics:
Stage 1: This was the original portion of the Village to be developed. This area is
characterized by medium density single-family residential lots. There is some
multi -family development in this area, but is not common. The ferry harbor and
boat basin are also located within Stage I.
Stage 11: This was the second phase of Bald Head Island to be developed and
extends to the island's southeastern point. A large portion of Stage II is comprised
of the Cape Fear Station PUD (shown on the future land use map), which is a
mixed use development currently under construction.
Middle Island: Stage I and II discussed above were originally subdivided and
developed by Bald Head Island Limited. This is the entity that controls the ferry
which provides access to and from the island, and operated the water and sewer
system that was recently acquired by the Village. Middle Island however, is
controlled by a different entity without ties to Bald Head Island Limited. This area
was developed with a focus on large lots (minimum lot size of 20,000 square feet)
and reliance on private wastewater treatment facilities. This portion of the island
is being developed at a slightly slower pace than Stages I and II.
Other: Areas that fall outside of the districts outlined above. This is comprise
primarily of conservation areas and undeveloped land.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 139

Table 38. Village of Bald Head Island
Future Land Use Acreages
Association Owned Properties
Conservation
Government
Low Density Residential
Medium Density Residential
Medium Density Residential 11
Mixed Use
PUD
Recreational
Smith Island Land Trust
Total
Stage I
Stage 2
Middle Island
Other
TOTAL
% of Total
92.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
92.1
4.1 %
0.7
114.6
4.3
1,022.8
1,142.4
50.2%
19.7
4.6
0.0
7.0
31.3
1.4%
0.0
0.4
84.3
0.0
84.7
3.7%
0.0
36.2
0.0
0.0
36.2
1.6% .
437.6
29.7
0.0
0.0
467.3
20.6%
23.7
26.0
0.0
0.0
49.7
2.2%
0.0
173.4
0.0
0.0
173.4
7.6%
153.7
0.0
0.6
0.0
154.3
6.8%
5.6
29.9
6.6
0.0
42.1
1.9%
733.1
414.8
95.8
1,029.8
2,273.5
100.0%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
3. Descriptions of Future Land Use Categories
The following provides a description for each future land use category established on the Future
Land Use Map. These categories are intrinsically tied to the policies set in this plan.
Association Owned Property. This district is defined as all properties that are owned and
maintained by various property owners associations (POA) located throughout the Village's
jurisdiction. These properties will remain under the ownership of a respective POA unless a
request is made for transfer of ownership for a subject property to the Village. Determinations
on whether the Village will accept ownership, and the resulting maintenance responsibilities
associated with this transfer, will be made on a case -by -case basis.
Allowable Density: Development within this district will be prohibited .and therefore no
density thresholds have been established.
Maximum Building Height: N/A.
Permitted Uses: Recreational walking paths, educational signage, wooden walkways
(slatted), navigational signage (within wetlands).
y
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 140

Uses Not Permitted: Any construction involving the establishment of stick-built/block
structures and/or paved access paths.
Conservation. The conservation district was established with a focus on preserving the
environmentally sensitive portions of the Village. The boundaries of this district correspond to
portions of the Village determined to be least suitable for development through the land suitability
analysis conducted earlier in the plan (see page 92). This area, as shown on the Future Land Use.
Map, is comprised largely of wetlands and the protected Bald Head Woods maritime forest.
These portions of the Village will remain untouched and will be preserved as open space in
perpetuity.
Allowable Density. Development within this district will be prohibited and therefore no
density thresholds have been established.
Maximum Building Height: N/A.
Permitted Uses: Recreational walking paths, educational signage, wooden walkways
(slatted), navigational signage (within wetlands).
Uses Not Permitted: Any construction involving the establishment of stick-built/block
structures and/or paved access paths.
Government. This district is intended to define all properties that are utilized by the Village
government for the purposes of administration and/or, provision of public services. Examples of
facilities located within this district include Village Hall, Village fire and police services, and parcels
utilized for the provision of public utilities.
Allowable Density. 6.2 units per acre (minimum lot size 7,000 square feet).
Maximum Building Height: 45 feet.
Permitted Uses: This district is reserved for development related to the provision of
government services. Development shall include: water and sewer system facilities,
expansion of town government facilities, public recreation areas, public access facilities,
public works facilities, stormwater management system facilities, transportation systems,
educational facilities.
Uses Not Permitted: Mixed use/commercial development, single-family and multi -family
residential development, private recreational facilities, private transportation systems.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 141

Mixed Use. This district is located in areas where nonresidential development including
commercial, planned development district, and-office/professional uses are to be focused. These
are portions of the Village where existing zoning will permit this type of development. At some
point, mixed use residential/commercial development may be incorporated into these areas. Due
to the medium density residential character of the island, commercial development needs to be
cluster into specific locations so that the impact on surrounding neighborhoods is minimal.
Additionally, the increased traffic flow generated by nonresidential development needs to be
directed towards major thoroughfares traversing through the Village, and away from local access
streets.
Allowable Density: Dependant on master plan to be reviewed and approved by Village
Planning Board.
Maximum Building Height: 45 feet.
Permitted Uses: This district is intended to support a range of uses in an effort to establish
mixed use nodes aimed at providing a pedestrian -friendly commercial center that does not
conflict with adjacent residential areas. This development shall include: retail/commercial
structures, mixed use development (i.e. residential above commercial/office space),
government support services, recreation facilities, open space areas, transportation
systems, parking areas.
Uses Not Permitted Single-family residential is discouraged within this district but not
prohibited. This district is intended to provide a centralized area for the development of
non-residential development to support permanent and seasonal residents.
Cape Fear Station PUD. This district corresponds to the boundaries of the Cape Fear Station
Planned Unit Development as approved by the Bald Head Island Village Council. A large portion
of this property is being developed as single-family residential homes; however, due to flexibility
related to development within a PUD the Cape Fear Station PUD will have single-family, multi-
family, commercial/office space, and recreational uses once completed. In some instances
residential and nonresidential uses may be combined into a single structure. Buildout of this
development is expected to fall in line with the master plan currently on file with the Village
planning and inspections office.
Allowable Density: Densities vary and are outlined on the approved Cape Fear Station PUD
on file at the Village planning and inspections department.
Maximum Building Height: 45 feet.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 142

Permitted Uses: This district consists of a planned community development aimed at
providing a mix of uses including light commercial/office space, single-family and multi-
family residential development, and open space/recreational areas. This plat has been
approved. by the Village, and construction is expected to transpire as indicated on the
approved master plan.
Uses Not Permitted: Specific uses within this district are. not prohibited; however, any
significant changes to the master plan on file with the Village will require approval by the
Planning Board and Village Council
Recreational. This land use category involves all land that is occupied by the Bald Head Island
Club golf course and clubhouse.
Allowable Density: Density thresholds have not been established for this district.
Development within this district is expected to be minimal.
Maximum Building Height: 45 feet.
Permitted Uses: Development within this district shall be related directly to the Bald Head
Island Club and the attached golf course facilities. This development shall include:
expansions to the clubhouse facilities, golf course maintenance facilities, golf course
support structures, golf course fairways and buffers, transportation systems required for
golf course access, village stormwater management system components.
Uses Not Permitted: Mixed use/commercial development not related to the Bald Head
Island Club, single-family and multi -family residential development.
Residential. This land use district accounts for all existing and proposed single-family residential
development outside of the Cape Fear Station PUD. Residential land use throughout the Village
is predominantly comprised of single-family homes; however, there are a few multi -family
developments. As development moves forward, the trend toward single-family residential
structures within the residential district is expected to continue. On average, lot sizes within the
residential district range from Medium Density 1 (7,OOO square feet or .16 acres) to Medium
Density 2 (9,500 square feet or .22 acres) depending on what zoning district a specific property
falls into. An exception to this general rule are those properties located within Middle Island. This
area was developed with a focus on low density development, and has a minimum lot size of
20,600 square feet (.46 acres), which is considered Low Density. A majority of the land
throughout the Village's jurisdiction has already been subdivided in preparation for development
based on historical and existing Village land development code. There are a few tracts yet to be
subdivided; however, future subdivision and subsequent development of these tracts is expected
to be in line with the rest of the Village's planning jurisdiction.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 143

Allowable Density: Medium Density I — 4.3 units per acre (minimum lot size 9,500 sq. ft.) .
Medium Density 2 — 6.2 units per acre (minimum lot size 7,000 sq. ft.)
Low Density — 2.1 units per acre (minimum lot size 20,000 sq. ft.)
Maximum Building Height: 45 feet.
Permitted Uses: Medium Density I — single-family residential development (this includes
multi -family in the form of townhouses and condominiums with access to the Village's
central sewer system); non-residential development as permitted by the Village Planning
Board (should consist of low impact non-residential development which conforms with
surrounding residential areas).
Medium Density 2 - single-family detached dwellings (central sewer service required).
Low Density —single-family detached dwelling (on -site wastewater treatment permitted).
Uses Not Permitted: non-residential development (mixed use/commercial) with the
exception of low impact non-residential development within the Medium Density I district
as permitted by the Village Planning Board.
Smith Island Land Trust. These tracts, as indicated on the Future Land Use Map, will essentially
be treated as conservation areas. As discussed on page 49 of the plan (Protected Lands and
Significant Natural Heritage Areas), these areas are protected bythe Smith Island Land Trustwhich
was merged with the Bald Head Island Conservancy in 2002. The conservancy has assumed the
role of overseeing the protection of the properties, and it is anticipated that these areas will remain
in their natural state.
Allowable Density. Development within this district will be prohibited and therefore, no
density thresholds have been established.
Maximum Building Height: N/A.
Permitted Uses: Development within this district is prohibited.
Uses Not Permitted. Development within this district is prohibited.
Right -of -Way. This land use category includes all major and minor thoroughfares running
throughout the Village's planning jurisdiction. There are roads that do not fall under the Village's
jurisdiction, however, these areas have been included under the Association Owned Property land
use category. The Village does have a policy that outlines the process through which the Village
will assume ownership and maintenance responsibility of privately -owned streets (refer to
Transportation Policies, page 122).
Water. All inter -island waterbodies have been included in this land use category. A majority of
this area falls within the Bald Head Island Club golf course property.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 144

4. Land Use in Relation to Zoning
The following provides a summary of how the future land use categories above correspond to the
Village's existing zoning district. Refer back to page 97 for description of the intended uses within
.each of these districts.
LAND USE CATEGORIES and CORRESPONDING ZONING CLASSIFICATIONS:
Association Owned Property — PD-
Conservation — PD-1, PD-2, PD-3, PD-4
Government — PD-1, PD-2, PD-2C, PD-3C- I
Mixed Use — PD-2, PD-2C, PD-3, PD-3C
Cape Fear Station PUD — PD-2, PD-2C, PD-4
Recreational - PD-1, PD-4
Residential — PD-1, PD-2, PD-2C, PD-3, PD-3C, PD-3C-1, PD-4, PD-NC
Smith Island Land Trust — PD-1, PD-2, PD-4
*Zoning districts are defined beginning on page 97 of the plan.
*Not all land within the Village has been zoned. Large conservation tracts on the North side of the Village's
jurisdiction remain unzoned, and will never be built on.
S. Land Demand Forecast (Carrying Capacity & Density/Intensity Analysis)
Typically this section is intended to develop a forecast of how a jurisdiction is expected to develop
over the next twenty years, through 2025. In the case of the Village, this effort does not seem to
be very applicable. There are several reasons for making this statement. The most important
reason for conducting these forecast is to address infrastructure carrying capacity needs through
the planning period and beyond, in an effort to ensure that jurisdictions are prepared to address
these needs. As town's and county's continue to feel the pressures of increased development,
water and sewer availability become increasingly important issues. The Village, however, is acutely
aware of their jurisdiction's infrastructure needs, and have devised a plan to support the these
needs through buildout of the entire island.
As discussed in the Future Demands section of, the plan (page 103), the Village has recently
acquired the water and sewer systems from Bald Head Island Utilities. The acquisition of these
utilities now puts the Village in control of ongoing maintenance and future improvements, but the
day-to-day operation of these utilities and operations personnel will remain in place. According
to Utilities officials currently employed by the Village, the plan is to increase the Village's sewer
plant capacity from 400,000 GPD up to 800,000 GPD by the year 2027. The Village of Bald Head
Island Utilities is currently researching how much the sewer plant capacity needs to be increased
in order to support build -out of the corporate limits. A determination regarding the cost of these
improvements has not been made. Once these improvements have been made, and all DENR
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 145

permits have been secured, it is expected that this will support the entire,Village's sewer needs
through build -out. Additionally, due to the presence of a Brunswick County water line extending
to the Village from Caswell Beach, there is not expected to be any issues related to water capacity.
This trunk line supplements the Village's existing water system which operates off wells located
throughout the Village's jurisdiction. It is anticipated that the current water system will be more
than sufficient to support build -out.
The only exception to this rule is the Middle Island area. These properties, mainly due to their
size, will continue to rely on private septic tank systems for wastewater treatment. The Village
plans to extend sewer to Middle Island during the planning period.
Housing unit forecast through the year 2025 have been compiled and are included on page 78 of
the plan. These forecast were generated based on the issuance of 68 residential building permits
on average per year dating back to 1995 (see Table 8, page 17). This steady trend is expected to
continue and by the year 2025 it is anticipated that there will be approximately 2,180 residential
dwelling units within the Village's corporate limits.
The forecasted residential growth estimates outlined in Table 34 (page 78) make assumptions
regarding the development of housing units throughout the Village's corporate limits. It is difficult
to make a determination regarding the number of new structures or operations under these land
use categories based on acreage and minimum lot size calculations; therefore, the forecasts have
been based on an average lot size of 0.3 acres combined with an average building permit issuance
rate of 68 per fiscal year. Table 39 summarizes the estimated infrastructure capacity demands
through the year 2025. Average usage rates for each land use, category have been established as
follows. The rates outlined in this table are average usage rates as reported by the American
Water Works Association (AWWA). The sewer usage rates assume that 95% of all potable water
use will be channeled through a respective jurisdictions wastewater treatment system.
Water System Average Daily Usage Rates (Gallons Per Day)
Residential:
170
Commercial:
100
Office & Institutional:
100
Industrial:
200
Sewer System Average Daily Usage Rates (Gallons Per Day)
Residential:
161
Commercial:
95
Office & Institutional:
95
Industrial:
190
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 146

Current Infrastructure System Capacity and Usage:
Water System:
System Capacity: 170 GPM (244,800 GPD)
Capacity Utilized:170 GPM (244,800 GPD)
*supplemented by the Brunswick County Water System
-Sewer System (peak season):
System Capacity: 400,000 GPD
Capacity Utilized:152,000 GPD
Table 39. Village of Bald Head Island
Infrastructure System Demand Based on Residential Land Demand Forecast (see Table 34)
2005 (existing units)
2010
2015
2020
2025
Residential Unit
820
340
340
340
340
Increase
Increased Water
N/A
57,800 GPD
57,800 GPD
57,800 GPD
57,800 GPD
System Demand
Total Water System
139,400 GPD
197,200 GPD
255,000 GPD
312,800 GPD
370,600 GPD
Capacity Required
Total Sewer System
132,430 GPD
187,340 GPD
242,250 GPD
297,160 GPD
352,070 GPD
Capacity Required
*In the year 2025 it is anticipated that Village of Bald Head Island will rely on the Brunswick County Water system for
the production of approximately 147,869 GPD (42%) of water to serve the Village's municipal water supply.
Based on the estimates above the Village should have all sewer system upgrades in place no later than 2020.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
6. Summary of General Principles Used to Develop the Land Use Plan
The Village of Bald Head Island Land Use Plan was drafted with consideration given to the
following:
► Key land use issues
► Existing plans for the development of public facilities
► Development constraints
► Existing zoning patterns
► Limiting potential land use conflicts
► Preservation of existing single-family residential neighborhoods
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 147

SECTION VII. TOOLS FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT
A. GUIDE FOR LAND USE DECISION MAKING
This document should be an integral part of the Village's decision making process concerning
future land use. The plan should be consulted prior to any decision being made by Village staff,
Planning Board, and/or Village Council concerning land use and development.
B. EXISTING DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
The existing management program includes the following ordinances: Village of Bald Head Island
Land Use Ordinance (includes zoning and subdivision regulations, and flood damage prevention
ordinance), North Carolina Building Code, National Flood Insurance Program, and the 1997
Brunswick County Land Use Plan. Preparation of the 1997 Land Use Plan was coordinated with
the land use related codes.
C. ADDITIONAL TOOLS
The Village of Bald Head Island will utilize the following additional tools to implement this plan:
► The Village Planning Director shall prepare an annual report assessing the effectiveness of
plan implementation. This report shall be presented to the Village Council.
► At a. minimum, update the Land Use Plan and implementation process every five years.
D. ACTION PLAN/SCHEDULE
I. Citizen Participation
For the preparation of this plan, the Village Council adopted a citizen participation plan on
September 17, 2004. A copy of that plan is included as Appendix I. Following adoption of this
plan, the Village will implement the following to ensure adequate citizen participation:
► The Village will encourage public participation in all land use decisions and
procedure development processes and encourages citizen input via its boards and
committees.
► The Village will advertise all meetings of the Planning Board and Board of
Adjustment through newspaper advertisements and notice postings.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 148

► The Village will utilize advisory committees to assess and advise the Village on
special planning issues/needs.
► The Village will, at least annually, conduct a joint meeting of the Village Council and
the Village's Planning Board to identify planning issues/needs.
► The Village's website will be updated to include this plan.
► All public hearings for changes to land use related ordinances which affect AECs
shall include in the notice a specific description of the impact of the proposed
change on the AECs.
► Ensure that the membership of all planning related and ad hoc advisory committees
has a broad cross section of the Village's citizenry.
2. Action Plan/Schedule
The following describes the priority actions that will betaken by the Village of Bald Head
Island to implement this CAMA Core Land Use Plan and the fiscal year(s) in which each action is
anticipated to begin and end. This action plan will be used to prepare the implementation status
report for the CAMA Land Use Plan.
Schedule
Begin
End
Policy References
Implementing Actions
P.I -P.5
The Village will prepare a shoreline access and public facilities plan and
FY2007
FY2009
request Division of Coastal Management funding for the preparation of
the plan.
P.1-P.5
The Pillage will pursue funding under the North Carolina CAMA
FY2007
FY2010
Shoreline Access funding program.
P.6-P. I I
The Village will review and revised as necessary its zoning and
FY2007
FY2009
P.12-P.14
subdivision ordinances to address the policies contained in this Land
P.15-P.19
Use Plan.
P.20-P.22
The Village will consider adopted and enforcing a soil erosion and
FY2008
FY2010
sediment control ordinance.
P.20-P.22
The Village will review its stormwater control ordinance and include
FY2007
FY2008
updates regarding regulations for water detention and/or retention
facilities in new developments as new state and federal policy requires.
P.20-P.22
The Village supports ongoing planning and capital improvement efforts
FY2007
FY2009
to address the drainage problem associated with flooding from tropical
storm events.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 149

Schedule
Begin
End
Policy References
Implementing Actions
P.20-P.22
The Village will continue to seek grant funding from state and federal
FY2007
FY2009
agencies for assistance in funding capital improvement projects that will
aid the Village in alleviating flooding and storm drainage problems
which exist throughout the Village. '
P.23-P.27
The Village will rely on its existing land use and development
FY2007
FY2008
ordinances to regulate development and may amend or modify
regulations to encourage or require the provision of central water
service to lots or parcels proposed in new developments.
P.23-P.27
The Village will consider. adopting an operating and capital financing
FY2006
FY2008
plan for the development of water and sewer system extensions and
upgrades in preparation for future demand.
P.28-P.34
The Village will establish a no wake zone at the mouth of Bald Head
FY2007
FY2008
Creek. This will be implemented through the installation of buoys and
signage specifying where this zone will begin.
P.35-P.42
In response to sea level rise, the Village will review all local building and
FY2009
FY2010
land use -related ordinances and consider establishing setback
standards, density controls, bulkhead restrictions, buffer vegetation
protection requirements, and building designs which will facilitate the
movement of structures in the event that sea level rise poses a threat
to existing development.
P.35-P.42
The Village will work with the US Army Corps of Engineers to ensure
FY2007
FY2010
that the existing six -year cycle for beach renourishment is maintained.
P.43-P.58
The Village will comply with CAMA and NC Division of Water Quality
FY2007
FY2009
stormwater runoff regulations. This will include implementation of an
NPDES Phase II program when the Village becomes a named
community.
P.43-P.58
The Village will require that wetland areas be surveyed and delineated
FY2007
FY2008
on all preliminary and final subdivision plats.
P.43-P.58
In responding to the requirements of the Phase II program, the Village
FY2007
FY2008
will oudine and implement a five-year stormwater management
program aimed at reducing pollutants into receiving waterbodies. This
program will focus on improving water quality in order to maintain
adjacent waterbodies for the purposes of recreation and shellfishing.
P.64-P.65
To effectively manage the Village's investment in existing and proposed
FY2007
FY2009
community facilities and services, the Village will develop a specific
capital improvements plan with emphasis placed on services and
facilities which affect growth and development.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 150

E. RESOURCE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN/POSITIVE AND
NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF LAND USE PLAN POLICIES
The Village believes that the policies, management goals, planning objectives, and land use plan.
requirements contained in this document will have positive impacts for the Village. However, the
following could have some negative impacts:
► Transportation improvements in sensitive and non sensitive areas.
► Potential infringement of growth on sensitive areas.
► Increased stormwater runoff.
► Possible degradation of water quality.
The management objectives, policies, and implementing actions address the issues associated with
these possible negative impacts. Mitigating polices are stated in the conservation policies, page
1 17; stormwater control policies, page 1 18; infrastructure carrying capacity, page 120; and water
quality, page 127.
Table 40 provides an analysis matrix which summarizes this plan's policies and identifies them as
beneficial, neutral, or detrimental.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 151

Table 40: Village of Bald Head Island
Policy Analysis Matrix — Land Use Plan Management Topics
Policy Benchmarks — Indicate whether policy beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D)
Infrastructure Carrying
Management Topics
Public Access
Land Use Compatibility
Capacity
Natural Hazards
Water Quality
Local Concerns
• more planned access
• reduction in habitat
• water, sewer, and other key
• land uses and
• land use and
• preservation of
locations
loss and fragmentation
community facilities and
development patterns
development criteria
cultural, historic, and
• upgrades to existing
related to impacts of
services being available in
that reduce vulnerability
and measures that
scenic areas
access locations
land use and
required locations at adequate
to natural hazards
abate impacts that
• support of economic
• increase pedestrian
development
capacities to support planned
• land uses and
degrade water quality
development
access
• reduction of water
community growth and
development patterns
• coordinate water
• development of
• comply with state access
resource and water
development patterns
that take into account
quality efforts with
human resources
standards to enhance
quality degradation
• during construction of
the existing and planned
Brunswick County
• preservation of the .
opportunities for state
• balance growth demands
Infrastructure systems,
capacity of evacuation
town's rural
funding
with protection of the
AECs and other fragile
infrastructure
character
environment
areas should be protected
• minimize development in
• decrease residential
transportation improvements
floodplains, AECs,
density within town
should support the efficiency
wetlands, and other
Land Use and
of traffic flow and pedestrian
fragile areas
Development Policies
safety
Public Access:
P.1
B
B
B
N
B
B
P.2
B
B
N
N
N
B
P.3
B
N
N
N
N
B"
PA
B
B
N
N
N
B
P.5
B
N
N
N
N
B
Land Use Compatibility:
P.6
N
B
B
B
N
B
P.7
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.8
B
B
B
B
B
B
P.9
N
B
B
N
B
B
P.10
N
B
B
B
B
B
P.II
N
N
N
N
N
B
P.12
N
B
B
N
N
B
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 152

Table 40 (continued)
Policy Benchmarks— Indicate whether policy beneflcial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D)
Infrastructure Carrying
Management Topics
Public Access
Land Use Compatibility
Capacity
Natural Hazards
Water Quality
Local Concerns
• more planned access
• reduction in habitat
• water, sewer, and other key
• land uses and
• land use and
• preservation of
locations
loss and fragmentation
community facilities and
development patterns
development criteria
cultural, historic, and
• upgrades to existing
related to impacts of
services being available in
that reduce vulnerability
and measures that
scenic areas
access locations
land use and
required locations at adequate
to natural hazards
abate impacts that
• support of economic
• Increase pedestrian
development
capacities to support planned
• land uses and
degrade water quality
development
access
• comply with state access
• reduction of water
resource and water
community growth and
development patterns
development patterns
that take into account
• coordinate water
quality efforts with
• development of
human resources
standards to enhance
quality degradation
• during construction of
the existing and planned
Brunswick County
• preservation of the
opportunities for state
• balance growth demands
Infrastructure systems,
capacity of evacuation
town's rural
funding
with protection of the
AECs and other fragile
infrastructure
character -
environment
areas should be protected
• minimize development in
• decrease residential
• transportation improvements
floodplains, AECs,
density within town
should support the efficiency
wetlands, and other
Land Use and
of traffic flow and pedestrian
fragile areas
Development Policies
safety
P.13
N
B
N
B
B
B
P.14
N
B
D
B
B
B
P.15
N
B
N
B
B
N
P.16
N
B
N
B
B
N.
P.17
N
B
B
N
B
N
P.18
B
B
N
N
B
D
P.19
N
B
N
B
N
B
P.20
N
N
N
N
B
B
P.21
N
B
N
B
N
N
P.22
N
B
N
N
B
D
Infrastructure Carrying
Capacity.
P.23
I B
N
B
B
B
B
P.24
I N
B
B
N
B
B
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 153

Table 40 (continued)
Policy Benchmarks — Indicate whether policy beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D)
Infrastructure Carrying
Management Topics
Public Access
Land Use Compatibility
Capacity
Natural Hazards
Water Quality
Local Concerns
• more planned access
• reduction in habitat
• water, sewer, and other key
• land uses and
• land use and
• preservation of
locations
loss and fragmentation
community facilities and
development patterns
development criteria
cultural, historic, and
• upgrades to existing
related to Impacts of
services being available in
that reduce vulnerability
and measures that
scenic areas
access locations
land use and
required locations at adequate
to natural hazards
abate impacts that
• support of economic
• increase pedestrian
development
capacities to support planned
• land uses and
degrade water quality
development
access
• reduction of water
community growth and
development patterns
• coordinate water
• development of
• comply with state access
resource and water
development patterns
that take into account
quality efforts with
human resources
standards to enhance
quality degradation
• during construction of
the existing and planned
Brunswick County
• preservation of the
opportunities for state
• balance growth demands
infrastructure systems,
capacity of evacuation
town's rural
funding
with protection of the
AECs and other fragile
infrastructure
character
environment
areas should be protected
• minimize development in
• decrease residential
• transportation improvements
floodplains, AECs,
density within town
should support the efficiency
wetlands, and other
Land Use and
of traffic flow and pedestrian
fragile areas
Development Policies
safety
P.25
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.26
N
N
D
N
N
B
P.27
B
B
N
N
N
B
P.28
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.29
N
B
B
N
N
N
P.30
N
B
B
B
N
B
P.31
B
N
B
B
N
B
P.32
N
N
B
N
B
B
P.33
B
N
N
B
N
B
P.M
N
N
B
N
N
B ..
Natural Hazards:
P.35
N
N
N
B
N.
B
P.36
B
N
N
B
N
B
P.37
N
B
N
e
N
B
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 154

Table 40 (continued)
Polity Benchmarks — Indicate whether policy beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D)
Infrastructure Carrying
Management Topics
Public Access
Land Use Compatibility
Capacity
Natural Hazards
Water Quality
Local Concerns
• more planned access
• reduction in habitat
• water, sewer, and other key
• land uses and
• land use and
• preservation of ,
locations
loss and fragmentation
community facilities and
development patterns
development criteria
cultural, historic, and
• upgrades to existing
related to impacts of
services being available in
that reduce vulnerability
and measures that
scenic areas
access locations
land use and
required locations at adequate
to natural hazards
abate impacts that
• support of economic
• increase pedestrian
development
capacities to support planned
• land uses and
degrade water quality
development
access
• reduction of water
community growth and
development patterns
• coordinate water
• development of
• comply with state access
resource and water
development patterns
that take Into account
quality efforts with
human resources
standards to enhance
quality degradation
• during construction of
the existing and planned
Brunswick County
• preservation of the
opportunities for state
• balance growth demands
infrastructure systems,
capacity of evacuation
town's rural
funding
with protection of the
AECs and other fragile
infrastructure
character
environment
areas should be protected
• minimize development in
• decrease residential
• transportation improvements
should support the efficiency
floodplains, AECs,
wetlands, and other
density within town
Land Use and
of traffic flow and pedestrian
fragile areas
Development Policies
safety
P.38
N
N
B
B
N
N
P.39
N
B
B
B
N
B
P.40
B
N
N
N-
N
B
P.41
N
B
N
B
N
B
P.42 .
N
B
N
B
B
B
Water Quality:
P.43
B
N
N
B
B
B
P.44
N
N
B
N
N
B
PAS .
B
'N
N
N
B
B
P.46
N
N
N
N
B
N
P.47
N
N
B
N
B
B
P.48
N
B
N
B
B
N
P.49
N
N
N
N
B.
N
P.50
N
B
N
N
B
N
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 155

Table 40 (continued)
Policy Benchmarks — Indicate whether policy beneficial
(B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D)
Infrastructure Carrying
Management Topics
Public Access
Land Use Compatibility
Capacity
Natural Hazards
Water Quality
Local Concerns
• more planned access
• reduction in habitat
• water, sewer, and other key
• land uses and
• land use and
• preservation of
locations
loss and fragmentation
community facilities and
development patterns
development criteria
cultural, historic, and
• upgrades to existing
related to impacts of
services being available in
that reduce vulnerability
and measures that
scenic areas
access locations
land use and
required locations at adequate
to natural hazards
abate impacts that
• support of economic
• increase pedestrian
development
capacities to support planned
• land uses and
degrade water quality
development
access
• reduction of water
community growth and
development patterns
• coordinate water
• development of
• comply with state access
resource and water
development patterns
that take Into account
quality efforts with
human resources
standards to enhance
quality degradation
• during construction of
the existing and planned
Brunswick County
• preservation of the
opportunities for state
• balance growth demands
infrastructure systems,.
capacity of evacuation
town's rural
funding
with protection of the
AECs and other fragile
infrastructure
character
environment
areas should be protected
• minimize development in
• decrease residential
• transportation improvements
should support the efficiency
floodplains, AECs,
wetlands, and other
density within town
Land Use and
of traffic flow and pedestrian
fragile areas
Development Policies
safety
P.51
B
N
N
N
B
B
P.52
N
N
N
N
B
B
P.53
N'
B
B
B
B
N
P.54
N
B
N
B
B
N
P.55
N
B
N
B
B
N
P.56
B
B'
N
B
B
B
P.57
B
N
N
B
B
N
P.58
N
N
B
N
B
N
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 156.

Table 40 (continued)
Policy Benchmarks — Indicate whether policy beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D)
Infrastructure Carrying
Management Topics
Public Access
Land Use Compatibility
Capacity
Natural Hazards
Water Quality
Local Concerns
• more planned access
• reduction in habitat
• water, sewer, and other key
• land uses and
• land use and
• preservation of
locations
loss and fragmentation
community facilities and
development patterns
development criteria
cultural, historic, and
• upgrades to existing
related to impacts of
services being available in
that reduce vulnerability
and measures that
scenic areas
access locations
land use and
required locations at adequate
to natural hazards
abate impacts that
• support of economic
• increase pedestrian
development
capacities to support planned
• land uses and
degrade water quality
development
access,
• reduction of water
community growth and
development patterns
• coordinate water
• development of
• comply with state access
resource and water
development patterns
that take into account
quality efforts with
human resources
standards to enhance
quality degradation
• during construction of
the existing and planned
Brunswick County
• preservation of the
opportunities for state
• balance growth demands
infrastructure systems,
capacity of evacuation
town's rural
funding
with protection of the
AECs and other fragile
infrastructure
character
environment
areas should be protected
• minimize development in
• decrease residential
• transportation Improvements
should support the efficiency
floodplains, AECs,
wetlands, and other
density within town
Land Use and
of traffic flow and pedestrian
fragile areas
Development Policies
safety
Local Concerns:
P.59
N
B
N
N
N
B
P.60
B
N
N
N
N
B
P.61
B
B
B
N
N
B
P.62
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.63
N
N
B
N
N
B
P.64
N
B
B
B
B
B
P.65
N
B
B
N
B
B
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 157

Notes to the Policy Analysis Matrix.
Public Access -
P.1 (B) - P.5 (B) - Policies P.I through P.5 address public access within Bald Head Island's
planning jurisdiction. These policies are intended to improve existing access facilities and provide
for acquisition or donation of additional public access sites in compliance. with NC CAMA
standards. The town does not include specific locational access site standards. Locational
decisions will be based on land availability, environmental conditions, and available funding. State
funding will be essential, therefore, state access standards will be followed.
2. Land Use Compatibility
P.6 (B) - P.7 (B), P.10 (B) - These policies are intended to reinforce the Village's goal. of
maintaining the moderate density residential character of the Village. Single family residential low
impact development is what the Village was founded upon, and therefore these policies statements
will serve to ensure that future growth does not have an adverse impact on this trend.
P.8 (B) - This policy states the Village's understanding that community facilities and services must
keep pace with rapidly increasing development.
P.9 (B) - The Village promoted the establishment of wooded buffers along major thoroughfares
to protect adjacent residential areas, however these buffers should not impeded on visibility at
traffic intersections.
P.1 I (N) - This policy recognizes the importance of Property Owners Associations (POA's) to the
sound and uniform development of the Village. POA codes work in conjunction with municipal
ordinances to ensure that residential and non residential development is in conformity with
adjacent properties.
P.12 (B) P.13 (B) - These policies express the Village's desire to limit nonresidential
development to very specific portions of the island. The Village feels that commercial
development should be focused in portions of the Village that will not have any adverse impacts
on adjacent residential neighborhoods. The Village also prohibits the development of any industrial
operation or noxious commercial operations.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 158

P.15 (B) - P.19 (B) - The policies outline the views of the Village with respect to protecting the
natural environment that exist throughout its jurisdiction. Significant steps have been taken over
the years to ensure that the maritime forest, and overall natural beauty of the island is protected
from rapid development. These efforts are supported through programs such as the Bald Head
Island Conservancy and the Smith Island Land Trust.
P.20 (B) - P.22 (B) - These policies state the Village's support of stormwater management and
control in an effort to reduce impacts on adjacent properties as development moves forward.
Stormwater is a significant issue for the Village especially following tropical storm events. Based
on these policies, the Village will continue to research solutions for reducing and managing
stormwater runoff.
3. Infrastructure Carrying Capacity
P.23 (B) - P.25 (B) - These policies state the Village's intention of continuing to provide an
adequate level of public infrastructure and community service to its permanent and seasonal
residents. The Village is unique in that population levels shift substantially form winter to summer
months. These policies ensure that the Village will continue to monitor its public service facilities
and programs to ensure that they are meeting the required demands.
P.26 (B) - This policy recognizes that certain portions of the Village do not currently have access
to the municipal central sewer system. In an effort to extend this service to as many customers
as possible, the Village may consider requiring all new developments to tie into the central system.
This will be enforced through making revisions to the Village's existing land development code.
P.28 (B) - Many citizens within the Village would like to see an increase in the availability of public
recreational facilities. The Village will consider the establishment of such facilities during the
planning period.
4. Transportation
P.28 (B) - P.30 (B), P.32 (B) - These policies state that the Village will aim to provide a safe,
efficient, and well planned transportation network throughout its jurisdiction. The Village is unique
in that all roads on the island are private and not open to private automobiles. Due to this fact the
Village faces a unique challenge in regulating the use of golf carts, while overseeing the use of
commercial trucks and delivery vehicles.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 159

P.31 (B), P.33 (B) - The Village must continue to ensure that the Intracoastal Waterway, Ferry
Channel and Ferry Basin remain dredged and navigable. This is the only means of travel to and
from the municipality, and. is essential to providing public safety and a means of access to the
mainland.
P.34 (B)' The Village will carefully monitor the use of motorized watercraft within Bald Head
Creek. Use of engines in excess of 25 horsepower not only poses athreat to property and public
safety, but also contributes to the degradation of water quality in the creek.
S. Natural Hazard Areas I
P.35 (B) - P.36 (B) - The Village recognizes these two construction and development as outlined
in these two policies may have potentially harmful effects on the environment. The Village does .
not currently oppose this development, as long as projects are approved and permitted by NC-
DENR, the.Village Planning and Inspections Office, and all other applicable State and Federal
agencies.
P.37 (B) - P.39 (B) - These states the Village's recognition of the dynamic environment that exist
on a barrier island community. Due to these hazards these policies have been adopted to not only
protect property owners, but also to ensure that the Village is prepared for the effects of sea level
rise, and the potential damage caused by tropical storm events.
P.40 (B) - This policy underscores the policies outlined in P.35 and P.37, which aim to ensure that
a safe means of transportation to and from the island are maintained. Additionally, it is important
that the Cape Fear River Channel remain clear and dredged to ensure the vitality of the regional
economy.
PA I (B) - P.42 (B) - These policies state the importance and dedication that the Village has to
protecting the'primary dune line traversing through the center of the island. Maintenance of this
dune line is imperative to the survival of the island as a habitable barrier island. One of the most
important issues that needs to be enforced, is the regulation fo removing trees and brush that
anchor the dune system, and protects it from wind and water erosion.
6. . Water Quality
P.43 (B) - P.58 (B) - Al[ policies listed in this section, outline the Village's dedication to improving
and maintaining water quality within all waterbodies adjacent to its jurisdiction. As tourist
destination, and environmentally sensitive area, water quality is a very important issue to the
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 160
a

Village's citizens and property owners. The Village will continue to monitor water quality through
the Bald Head Island Conservancy, and seek ways to minimize water pollution as development
moves forward.
7. Local Areas of Concern
P.59 (B) - The Village is very aware of the historic resources that are located throughout its
jurisdiction. These resources are a key part of the character and charm that make the Village such
a desirable destination. This policy acknowledges that fact, establishes the stance that the town
intends to protect these resources.
P.60 (B) - The Village recognizes the importance of tourism, and will continue to welcome
seasonal visitors.
P.61 (N) - P.62 (N) - Commercial development within the Village should be focused into areas
as indicated on the Future Land Use Map. The Village does not discourage commercial
development, but would like to focus this development into areas within the Village that will not
have adverse impacts on residential neighborhoods.
P.63 (B) - This policy ties back to the infrastructure statements made earlier in the plan. The
Village does not currently provide service to all residents. This is a goal of the Village, and all new
development will be connected to the Village's central sewer system if possible. At this time this
policy does not apply to those properties located on Middle Island.
P.64 (B) - P.65 (B) - These policies are fairly general statements of the Village's intent to provide
a high level of public service to its citizens. These services include: fire/EMS, infrastructure
services, solid waste removal, stormwater management, and transportation.
BALD HEAD ISLAND LAND USE PLAN PAGE 161

APPENDIX I
VILLAGE OF BALD HEAD ISLAND
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN
PREPARATION OF A CORE LAND USE PLAN
PHASE I
The Village of Bald Head Island has received a Coastal Area Management Act grant for preparation
of a Core Land Use Plan, Phase I. Adequate citizen participation in the development of the plan is
essential to the preparation of a document responsive to the needs of the citizens of the Village of
Bald Head Island. To ensure such input, the following citizen participation program will be utilized
by the Village.
The Bald Head Island Village Council will appoint a Village of Bald Head Island Land Use Plan
Committee (LUPC) to work with the Village's planning consultant to ensure that the final product will
be a plan suitable for adoption by the Village. The committee will include representatives from the
Planning Board and Village Council.
Specifically, the planning consultant and the LUPC will be responsible for ensuring accomplishment
of the following:
• Develop and adopt the Citizen Participation Plan; conduct public information
meeting; and conduct a meeting to identify community concerns, key planning issues,
and aspirations. In addition, prepare analysis of existing and emerging conditions.
• Complete analysis of existing and emerging conditions; prepare natural systems
analysis and analysis of land use and development (including Existing Land Use Map).
• Prepare community facilities analysis; prepare/review land suitability analysis and
map; review existing CAMA plan, ordinances, and policies.
The following schedule will be utilized for Phase I:
1. September, 2004
— Conduct public information meeting.
— Village Council adopt the Citizen Participation Plan.
2. October, 2004
Conduct initial meeting with LUPC and review Citizen Participation Plan and
process for preparing the land use plan.
— Conduct Village issues identification meeting.
3. November, 2004 to April, 2005 — Prepare preliminary draft land use plan which will
include analysis of existing conditions, land suitability analysis, natural systems
analysis, and community facilities analysis. Conduct monthly meetings with the LUPC.
4. May, 2005 — Present draft of Phase I to the Planning Board.

J
5. June, 2005 - Present draft of Phase I to the Village Council.
All meetings of the LUPC and Village Council at which the Plan will be discussed will be advertised
in a local newspaper. The public information meeting, Village meeting, and public hearing will also
be advertised in a local newspaper. In addition, public service announcements will be mailed to local
radio stations and posted at the Village Hall and other public buildings as directed by the LUPC and
Village Council. All meetings will be open to the public. The Village will encourage and consider all
economic, social, ethnic and cultural viewpoints. No major non-English speaking groups are known
to exist in the Village of Bald Head Island.
8/30/04
E.\Planning\I.and Use\Bald Head Island\CPP.wpd

VILLAGE OF BALD HEAD ISLAND
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN
PREPARATION OF A CORE LAND USE PLAN
PHASE 11
The Village of Bald Head Island has received a Coastal Area Management Act grant for preparation
of a Core Land Use Plan, Phase 11. Adequate citizen participation in the development of the plan is
essential to the preparation of a document responsive to the needs of the citizens of the Village of
Bald Head Island. To ensure such input, the following citizen participation program will be utilized
by the Village.
The Bald Head Island Village Council has appointed the Village of Bald Head Island Land Use Plan
Committee (LUPC) to work with the Village's planning consultant to ensure that the final product will
be a plan suitable for adoption by the Village. The committee will include representatives from the
Planning Board and Village Council.
Specifically, the planning consultant and the LUPC will be responsible for ensuring accomplishment
of the following:
• Adopt and implement Citizen Participation Plan for Phase 11.
• Revise preliminary plan based on public review.
• Complete plan for the future (including future land use map and tools for managing
development).
• Present the draft plan to the Village Council.
• Submit plan to state/DCM for review; provide plan to adjacent jurisdictions for review;
conduct public information hearings.
• Review plan based on state and local review; conduct public hearing; Village Council
adoption; submit for CRC certification.
The following schedule will be utilized for Phase II:
1. August - September, 2005
Update Citizen Participation Plan
— Begin preparation of Phase 11 portion of LUP
2. October, 2005 -January, 2006
Hold monthly meetings with LUPC
Revise preliminary plan based on public review
3. February, 2006 — Provide plan to adjacent jurisdictions to review
4. March, 2006 — Submit plan (with any revisions) to the Bald Head Island Planning Board
for review and preliminary approval
5. April, 2006 — Submit draft plan to state for DCM review

6. May, 2006
Revise plan based on state and local review
Conduct public hearing for Village Council to adopt plan
— Submit to CRC for certification
All meetings of the LUPC and Village Council at which the Plan will be discussed will be advertised
in a local newspaper. The public hearing will also be advertised in a local newspaper. In addition,
public service announcements will be posted at the Village Hall and other public buildings as
directed by the LUPC and Village Council. All meetings will be open to the public. The Village will
encourage and consider all economic, social, ethnic and cultural viewpoints. No major non-English
speaking groups are known to exist in the Village of Bald Head Island.
7/14/05

APPENDIX If
VILLAGE OF BALD HEAD ISLAND_
CORE LAND USE PLAN
ISSUES IDENTIFICATION (RANKED IN PRIORITY ORDER)
Rank
Issue
Score
1
Protect maritime forests
25
2*
Beach erosion
22
2*
Address carrying capacity and future needs of the Island. Build -out?
22
3
Water quality in Bald Head Creek
21
4
Need to address redevelopment of a public restroom/shower facility at East
Beach
18
5
Wildlife management
16
6*
Allow for adequate commercial development
13
6*
Preservation of vegetation and dune lines (Live Oaks)
13
6*
Protect conservation areas
13
6*
Coordinate LUP with restrictive covenants
13
7
Stormwater management
11
8*
Maintenance of ferry basin
10
8*
Protection of water table (foreign water affecting aquifer)
10
9*
Restriction of gas powered engines
9
9*
Processing of waste
9
9*
Address utilities
— Size (7)
— Disposal of waste of golf courses (2)
9
10
Preservation of the dune ridge
8
11
Adequate provision of emergency services
7
12*
Effect of condominiums, rentals, and time shares on Island
6
12*
Establish minimum and maximum building (residential) square footage
6
12*
Protect AECs
6
13
Waste management in and around public areas
5
14*
List East Beach as a conservation area
3
14*
Corn Cake Inlet filling and connecting to Fort Fisher
3
15*
Address the concern over stormwater contaminants
1
15*
Education effort to address landscaping and protection of vegetated areas
1
15*
Address the establishment of additional landing sites for public safety vehicles
1
16
Development of a branch library
0
*Indicates a tie score.
MAR 0 12005

APPENDIX III
Village of Bald Head Island
Land Use Plan Survey Results
1. The Village needs to provide more public access recreational facilities and programs to its
citizens.
Disagree
No Opinion
Agree
257
83
133
2. The Village should increase its efforts to improve surface water quality (i.e., creeks, marshes, and
estuarine areas).
3
Disagree
No Opinion
A ree
54
112
307
The Village is taking the proper steps to maintain the quiet, residential, and eco-friendly
environment throw bout the Village in response to increased development pressures.
Disa ree
No Opinion
Agree
79
122
272
4. In light of the recent increased restrictions regarding stormwater runoff control currently being
implemented in a majority of towns and counties across the state, the Village should continue to
take a pro -active approach to stormwater control.
Disagree
No Opinion
Agree
23
65
385
5.
The Village should aim to establish more local retail establishments within areas where zoning
will permit commercial growth.
Disagree
No Opinion
Agree:::]
153
28
292
6. The Village should work with developers, citizens, and state grant funding agencies to provide
better facilities at beach access locations.
Disagree
No Opinion
Agree
169
82
222
7. The Village is currently taking adequate steps to protect the Village's valuable natural resources
such as: the Maritime Forest, Bald Head Creek, Fishing Grounds, Shellfishing Beds, and Wetland
areas.
Disagree
No Opinion
A ree
70
181
222
8. The Village infrastructure facilities are adequate to handle the permanent and seasonal population
increase that will be experienced over the next ten vears.
Disagree
No Opinion
Agree
221
172
80
The Village should provide more public bathroom facilities throughout the corporate limits.
Disagree
No Opinion
Agree
195
81
197

10. Ranking of key issues: The following issues were identified and ranked by permanent residents
of the Village at a public meeting held on January 17, 2005. Absentee property owners were
asked to rank each issue identified from 1 to 17, with 1 being the most important need and 17
being the least important need. Following are the results of the ranking (1613 being the most
important need and 5839 being the least important need):
SCORE
KEY ISSUE _
RANK
1613
•
Mitigate beach erosion
I
2575
•
Protect the maritime forest
2
2683
•
Preservation of vegetation and dune lines (live oaks)
3
2916
•
Preservation of dune ridge
4
3153
•
Address carrying capacity and future needs of the island (build -out)
5
3479
•
Protect conservation areas and easements
6
3820
•
Protection of water table (foreign water affecting aquifer)
7
3891
•
Water quality in Bald Head Creek
8
3901
•
Restriction of gas powered engines
9
3932
•
Coordinate land use plan and restrictive covenants
10
4019
•
Processing of waste
11
4250
•
Stormwater management
12
4606
•
Wildlife management
13
4615
0
Maintenance of ferry basin
14
4846
•
Address utilities
15
— size
— disposal of golf course waste
5047
•
Allow for adequate commercial development
16
5839
0
Need to address redevelopment of a public restroom/shower facility
17
at East Beach

Appendix IV
Village of Bald Head Island Hazard Mitigation Plan
Mitigation Strategy
This section of the Plan summarizes study conclusions, outlines community goals and
objectives, and describes the action plan to reduce vulnerability to the effects of natural
hazards on Bald Head Island. Mitigation objectives are designed to support community
goals while further defining the parameters for development of mitigation actions.
Mitigation actions describe specific steps that are to be undertaken to achieve the state
objectives and are intended to serve as benchmarks for evaluating progress on plan
implementation. ,
With limited financial and staff resources to dedicate to hazard mitigation, it is essential
that those hazards with the highest likelihood of occurrence and greatest potential
impact receive the highest investment of Island resources.
This section of the plan takes a look at all the information that has been collected and
reviewed by the HMP Steering Committee. From the data collected a series of
mitigation goals has been formulated in order to reduce the vulnerability of the effects of
the natural hazards that have been identified in Step #1. Each of the following strategies
can be classified in one of five categories:
1. Category 1 — Prevention— activities that keep problems from getting worse and
may include zoning & subdivision ordinances, floodplain regulations, stormwater
management, and shoreline/fault zone setbacks.
2. Category 2 — Property Protection — protection of existing structures by modifying
the building to withstand a natural hazard or removing structures from hazardous
locations and may include relocation, acquisition, building elevation and
windproofing.
3. Category 3 — Natural Resource Protection — activities to reduce the impacts of
natural hazards by preserving and/or restoring natural areas. This may include
areas such as floodplain, wetlands, and dunes. Examples of mitigation
strategies are floodplain protection policies, beach and dune preservation and
riparian buffers.
4. Category 4 — Structural Projects — protection to lessen the impact of a natural
hazard by modifying that environment and might include levees/dams,
diversions, beach nourishment, and reservoirs.
5. Category 5 — Public Information — activities that let anyone in the area know
about the potential natural hazard and consists of outreach projects, real estate
disclosure, warning systems and library.

Looking at the categories above the HMP Steering Committee has identified the
following the goals and objectives for Hazard Mitigation:
1. Reduce personal injury, loss of life, and property damage resulting from natural
hazards.
2. Reduce damage to equipment, public and private infrastructure, and public and
private buildings resulting from natural hazards.
3. . Continue to monitor development to ensure adherence to federal, state, and
local laws and current construction standards.
4. Continue to work with the Army Corps of Engineers for future beach nourishment
projects.
5. Maintain a responsive post -hurricane damage assessment team and reduce
recovery time to allow residents, property owners, and visitors to promptly return
to the Island.
6. Reduce post -disaster clean up, repair and construction timeframe.
7. Maintain public facilities in a proper functioning order.
8. Continued reduction of fire risk on the Island.
9. Protect the environmentally sensitive areas of Bald Head Island.
Next is a list of new policies, programs, ordinances or initiatives, assigned responsibility,
and target date for completion that have been identified by the HMP Steering Committee
that will mitigate natural hazards.
1. Improve Stormwater drainage on Bald Head Island — The Village of Bald
Head Island is in the process of implementing its Stormwater Improvement Plan.
This plan will help reduce the level of floodwater on the Island after a major rain
event. Areas on the Island that have significant standing water following a
severe rain event shall continue to be identified and addressed. Assistant
Manager, Public Works Committee, Public Works Department (present — 2006)
2. Maintain the Lowest Possible Residential Fire Rating — The NC Response
Rating System (formerly the ISO rating system) currently rates the Village at the
lowest possible residential fire rating of six (6). The chief of Emergency Services
maintains that there is adequate water supply, appropriate number of hydrants,
and that hydrants are properly located to ensure sufficient fire suppression.
Communications shall be updated as necessary to provide for the most efficient
dispatch and response time as is possible. The necessary inventory of safety
and rescue vehicles, equipment, certified personnel, and updated training shall be
maintained Chief of Emergency Services (on -going)

3. Enforce the Dunes Protection Ordinance — Prevent dune degradation by
restricting access over the dune ridge thus preserving the dunes' natural barrier.
Police Department Personnel, Building Inspector (on -going)
4. Install 911 Phones at Central Locations and Beach Accesses - The
acquisition and installation of 911 telephones at beach accesses and other key
locations in order to reduce response time to fire, medical emergencies, and
safety concerns. Chief of Emergency Services (as needed)
5. Offer Homeowners Free Safety and Fire Inspections — Inspect homes upon
request for safety and fire hazards and make recommendations to homeowner
to improve safety and reduce fire hazard vulnerability. Emergency Services
Personnel (on -going)
6. Safety Training — Provide complimentary CPR and first aid classes to the public
in an effort to increase the number of persons trained in these life saving
techniques. Subsequently, response time is reduced due to an increased
number of trained responders., Chief of Emergency Services, Emergency
Services Personnel (on -going)
7. Reduce Fire Risk — Maintain and enforce stringent outdoor burning ordinance
to reduce the risk of wildfire and structural fire. Chief of Emergency Services,
Emergency Services Personnel (on -going)
8. Property Acquisition — With current property values, the ability of the Village to
purchase. land that is located within vulnerable areas is severely limited.
Therefore, non-profit organizations, such as The Smith Island Land Trust (SILT),
contribute indirectly to hazard mitigation. SILT obtains, through donations or
purchase, property that will remain natural and undeveloped. These properties
are typically located in hazard areas. The Village will also look for opportunities
to acquire, elevate, and/or demolish those repetitive loss properties that have
been identified. Also, the Village will continue to monitor the availability of
property which could be dedicated to or acquired by the Village. Village
Manager, Tax Administrator, Finance Director, Assistant Village Manager (on-
going)
9. Educate Contractors and Builders on Construction Methods that can
Reduce Damage from Natural Hazards — Offer an educational resource for
contractors and builders to learn new construction methods and techniques,
which will reduce structural damage from a natural hazard. Building Inspector
(on -going, last Wednesday of each month)

Worksheet #5: Geographic Planning Area Policies
(COPY THIS FORMAND COMPLETE FOR EACH DESIGNATED PLANNINGAREA IN YOUR COMMUNITY.)
GEOGRAPHIC PLANNING AREA: THE VILLAGE OF BALD HEAD ISLAND
Policy
Type of Mitigation
Type(s) of
Funding
Benchmarks
(includes new initiatives,
Strategy
Hazard This
(amount and
source; local
Responsible Pa
P ��
and Indicators
Priority
continuation and support of
existing policies, and
(Preventive, Property
Protection, Natural Resource
Policy Will
match
Start & Completion
of Progress
Ranking
(High, Medium,
recommended
Protection, Structural
Target
required?)
Dates
(Monitoring and
Evaluation)
Low)
policy changes)
Projects, Public Information)
Village of Bald Head
EMS, Admin, Bldg.
Island Emergency
All
All
Local
Insp, Police, Public
Monitoring and
Mitigation Plan
Works
Evaluating
High
(BHIEMP)
On -going
Village of. Bald Head
Island Zoning
All
All
Local
Planning
Monitoring
Medium
Ordinance
Bldg. Insp.
On -going
Village of Bald Head
Island Subdivision
All
All
Local
Planning
Monitoring
Low
Regulations
Bldg. Insp.
On -going
Village of Bald Head
Stormwater Management
All
Flood
Local
Planning
Monitoring
High
Plan
Bldg. Insp.
2005-2006
Brunswick County
Land -Use Plan
All
All
Local
Planning
In 2-year, 2 phase
Medium
Bldg. Insp.
to write own plan
Completed 1997
Maintain Lowest
Preventive & Property
Wildfire
Local
EMS, Planning _
Monitoring
High
Residential Fire Rating
Protection
Bldg. Insp.
On -going
Source: Keeping Natural Hazards from Becoming Disasters — A Mitigation Planning guidebook for Local Governments, North Carolina Division of Emergency Management,
May 2003, p.73.

4
Worksheet #5: Geographic Planning Area Policies
(COPY THIS FORM AND COMPLETE FOR EACH DESIGNATED PLANNINGAREA IN YOUR COMMUNITY,)
GEOGRAPHIC PLANNING AREA: THE VILLAGE OF BALD HEAD ISLAND
Policy
Type of Mitigation
Strategy
Type(s) of
Funding
Benchmarks and
Priority
(includes new initiatives,
continuation and support of
(preventive Property
Hazard This
(amount and
source; local
Responsible Party/
Indicators of
Ranking
existingProtection
policies and
� Natural
POIIGy WIII
match
start & Completion
Progress
9
(High, Medium,
recommended
Resource Protection,
Target
g
required?)
Dates
(Monitoring and
Low)
policy changes)
StructuralProjects, Public
Evaluation )
Information
Improve Stormwater
Preventive & Property
Hurricanes &
Local
Admin, Public Works
Present - 2006
High
drainage
Protection
Flooding
Committee &Dept.
Enforcement of Dunes
Preventive, Property
Hurricanes &
Local
Police Dept. & Bldg.
On -going
Medium
Protection Ordinance
Protection & Natural
Flooding
Insp.
Resource Protection
,Installation of 911
Preventive
Wildfires
Local
EMS
As needed
Medium
phones at central
locations and beach
accesses
Free Safety and Fire
Preventive & Property
Wildfires
Local
EMS
On -going
Medium
Inspections to
Protection
Homeowners
Safety Training
Preventive
A11
Local
EMS
On -going
Medium
Reduce Fire Risk
Preventive & Property
Wildfires
Local
EMS
On -going
Medium
Protection
Source: Keeping Natural Hazards from Becoming Disasters — A Mitigation Planning guidebook for Local Governments, North Carolina Division of Emergency Management,
May 2003, p.73.

Worksheet #5: Geographic Planning Area Policies
(COPY THIS FORM AND COMPLETE FOR EACH DESIGNATED PLANNING AREA IN YOUR COMMUNITY.)
GEOGRAPHIC PLANNING AREA: THE VILLAGE OF BALD HEAD ISLAND
Policy
Type of Mitigation
Type(s) of
Funding
Benchmarks and
(includes new initiatives,
Strategy
Hazard This
(amount and
source; local
Responsible Pa
p �n
Indicators of
Priority
continuation and support of
pp
existing policies, and
(Preventive, Property
Protection, Natural Resource
Policy Will
match
Start &Completion
Progress
Ranking
(High, Medium,
recommended
Protection, Structural
Target
required?)
Dates
(Monitoring and
Evaluation)
Low)
policy changes)
Projects, Public Information)
Property Acquisition
Preventive & Property
Hurricanes &
State &
Village Mngr, Tax
On -going
Low
Protection
Floods
Federal
Admin, Finance Dir.
& Asst. Village Mngr.
Educate Contractors &
Preventive & Property
All
Local
Bldg. Insp.
On -going
Medium
Builders on
Protection
Construction Methods to
reduce damage from
hazards
Source: Keeping Natural Hazards from Becoming Disasters - A Mitigation Planning guidebook for Local ciovernments, worm uaronna liivision of emergency management,
May 2003, p.73.

Appendix V
Policy/Implementing Action
Definitions of Common -Terms
1. Should: An officially adopted course or method of action intended to be followed to
implement the community goals. Though not mandatory as "shall," it is still an obligatory
course of action unless clear reasons can be identified that an exception is warranted.
Village staff and Planning Board involved at all levels from planning to implementation.
2. Continue: Follow past and present procedures to maintain desired goal, usually with
Village staff involved at all levels from planning to implementation.
3. Encourage: Foster the desired goal through Village policies. Could involve Village financial
assistance.
4. Enhance: Improve current goal to a desired state through the use of policies and Village
staff at all levels of planning. This could include financial support.
5. Identi : Catalog and confirm resource or desired item(s) through the use of Village staff
and actions.
6. Implement: Actions to guide the accomplishment of the Plan recommendations.
7. Maintain: Keep in good condition the desired state of affairs through the use of Village
policies and staff. Financial assistance should be provided if needed.
8. Prevent: Stop described event through the use of appropriate Village policies, staff
actions, Planning Board actions, and Village finances, if needed.
9. Promote: Advance the desired state through the use of Village policies and Planning
Boards and staff activity at all levels of planning. This may include financial support.
10. Protect: Guard against a deterioration of the desired state through the use of Village
policies, staff, and, if needed, financial assistance.
11. Provide: Take the lead role in supplying the needed financial and staff support to achieve
the desired goal. The Village is typically involved in all aspects from planning to
implementation to maintenance.
12. Strengthen: Improve and reinforce the desired goal through the use of Village policies,
staff, and, if necessary, financial assistance.
13. Support: Supply the needed staff support, policies, and financial assistance at all levels to
achieve the desired goal.
14. Work: Cooperate and act in a manner through the use of Village staff, actions, and policies
to create the desired goal.

Appendix VI
VILLAGE OF BALD HEAD ISLAND
Operational (On -Site) Systems
Maintained by Utilities Department
STREET
ADDRESS
TOTAL UNITS
Seagull Trail
#11, #16, #17, #20
4
Cape Fear Trail
#11, #17, #21, #27, #33, #41
6
Royal Tern Court
#8
1
Morning Warbler Trail
#33
1
Starrush Trail
#11
1
Silversides Trail
#2, #3, #4, #5, #7, #17, #21
7
Laughing Gull Trail
#11, #15, #18, #20
4
Stede Bonnet Wynd
#301, #305
2
Clapper Rail Court
#2
1
Edward Teach Wynd
#109, #122
2
Three Flipper Trail
#26
1
Dogwood Trail
#14
1
Fort Holmes Trail
#37, #64
2
Earl of Craven
#7
1
North Bald Head Wynd
#102
1
Red Cedar Trail
#23
1
Progress Energy Building
#254 Edward Teach Extension
1
STREET
PRIVATE SEWER SYSTEM
Maintained by Owner or Others
ADDRESS
37
TOTAL UNITS
North Bald Head Wynd
#106
1
Morning Warbler Trail
#35
1
Laughing Gull Trail
#7, #23
2
Silversides .
#9
1
Bay Tree Trail
#7
1
Middle Island Plantation
Properties with Septic System
36
42

Appendix VII

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT
This SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT is entered into this theb day of LL 2005, by
and among the Village of Bald Head Island ("Village" or "Plaintiff') and the United States Army
Corps of Engineers ("the Corps" or "Defendant") (collectively the "Parties").
WHEREAS, the Village contends that the Corps is responsible for damages caused by the
certain acts and omissions further detailed in the Second Amended Complaint in Civil Action No:
7:03=CV-243 FL(1) (all capitalized terms not otherwise defined in this Settlement Agreement shall
be as defined in this Second Amended Complaint), such damages including, but not limited to, the
continued sloughing and shoaling of the South Beach shoreline into the modified Navigation.
Channel that results in severe erosion of certain portions of the South Beach sboreline causing the
consequent inundation of; damage to, and now closure of, South Bald Head Wynd and the
infrastructure for Village water, sewer, and electrical utilities.
WHEREAS, the Corps does not agree with these contentions and does not believe that
sufficient study has been undertaken to determine the extent, if any, of a causal link between its
channel dredging activities in the vicinity of South Beach, and the erosion of the South Beach
shoreline and related damage.
WHEREAS, the Village has received assurances that the Corps will fulfill its obligations
detailed in the Environmental Assessment - Preconstruction Modifications of Authorized
Improvements, particularly the Appendix A - Sand Management Plan ("the Sand Management
Plan"), dated February 2000, including the removal of beach quality material from the navigation
channel and subsequent disposal on the South Beach area of the Village of Bald Head, as
specified in the construction contract referred to as Clean Sweep, and originally intended to occur
in F'Y 2004. The Village has also received assurances that the Corps will regularly meet and
consult with the Village regarding the schedule and location for placement of beach quality sand
on the Village South Beach shoreline for those future occasions when the Sand Management
Plan contemplates disposal on Bald Head Island.
WHEREAS, the Village and the Corps have agreed to a schedule for monitoring,
meetings and consultations between the Corps and the Village, including such experts and
consultants as the Village may from time to time employ, regarding appropriate response to any
further beach sloughing.
-1-

WHEREAS, the Village and the Corps desire that they work together to solve the
problem of South Beach sloughing and shoaling into the Navigational Channel and wish to do so
through mutual communication and cooperation and, ifpossible, to avoid further litigation.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises stated.and the terms and
conditions hereinafter set forth, the parties agree:
1. , The Corps commenced the Clean Sweep contract in November 2004 and
completed the work on January 25, 2005. This work included the excavation of material from
the Wilmington Navigation Channel and the placement of all beach quality sand thus excavated
onto South Beach, with the fill taper beginning at station 47+00 and the full design section
continuing eastward to station 125+00 with a five hundred foot transition to existing shoreline at
station 130+00, a location that was determined in consultation with the Village.
2. The dredging and sand disposal contractors employed by the Corps completed all
work for the phase of Clean Sweep between station 47+00 and station 110+00, including beach -
fill, beach -tilling, and removal of all equipment, temporary grade stakes and beach -fill pipelines,
- by January 20, 2005. During the time between January 20, 2005 and April 30, 2005, this area
will not be available to the Corps, but will be exclusively available to the Village to allow
installation and completion of a groin field (discussed below) before the April 30, 2005 deadline
set by permit.
3. The Village agrees and intends to reconstruct a soft groin field consisting of
approximately sixteen (16) sand filled tube groins spaced roughly 400 feet apart along
approximately 6,600 feet of shoreline between stations 47+50 and 104+00. Construction of this
new sand filled tube groin field is slated to begin in Fiscal Year 2005, however, construction of
the groin field is contingent upon the following:
a. The Corps' placement schedule for beach quality material onto the
westernmost portion of the south beach shoreline as part of Clean Sweep. This work was
accepted as complete from the contractor as of January 25, 2005. Therefore, groin field
construction will take place between January 20'b and April 30`", 2005.
b. The Corps' placement of a minimum effective design beach berm width of
200' at elevation +8' NGVD along the westerninost segment of south beach within the limits of
the proposed groin field. The filled beach foreshore will extend seaward therefrom at an expected
slope o£20 H:lV (TYP) . This work was accepted as complete from the contractor as of January
25, 2005.
4. ' Dredging schedule for FY 2005 Clean Sweep Beach Disposal.
a. In order to minimize the potential for impacts to the Point, the Corps
required that material be removed from Baldhead Shoal Navigation Channel Reach 1, the area
immediately adjacent to the Point, as the last order of dredging work for its dredging contractor.
-2-

b. In order to further minimize potential impacts associated with the
Navigation Channel dredging in the vicinity of the Point, the Corps did not require its contractor
to perform redundant dredging in order to meet the authorized channel width for the Baldhead
Shoal Channel Reach 1.
C. Further, the Corps informed its dredging contractor of the Village's plan to
install a new sand filled tube groin field and required its contractor to coordinate with the
Village's groin field construction contractor in order to facilitate synchronization of the beach
quality sand placement and sand filled tube grout field construction. In addition, the Village
assisted the Corps' contractor in the selection of suitable temporary beach access location for
equipment, personnel etc. outside the limits of the groin field if possible. The Corps required its
dredging contractor to pay for and repair any damage to the new sand filled tube groin field
arising from its fault or negligence.
5. Project Milestones for Monitoring
The following milestones were established by the parties for (a) conducting monitoring activities
in response to placement of material from the Clean Sweep Beach Disposal contract on South
Beach in FY2005 and (b) making decisions about future plans for maintenance of navigation in
the vicinity of Village:
a. Contract Milestones:
Contract Award September 21, 2004
Issuance of Notice to Proceed October 26, 2004
Preconstruction Conference October 26, 2004
Commencement of Dredging & Beach Disposal November 16, 2004
Beach Disposal Complete (Sta.46+00 to Sta 110+00)
Sufficient to Allow Groinfield Construction to Commence January 21, 2005
Remaining Beach Disposal Complete January 25, 2005
b. Post -construction Milestones: Monitoring by the Corps of the Navigation Channel will
commence in March 2005 (60 days after final acceptance of the Navigation Channel). These
hydrographic surveys will occur on a regular basis, with the time elapsed between surveys not to
exceed 60 days. Each monitoring event will consist of a full channel survey of three channel
segments: the Smith Island Channel, Baldhead Shoal Channel 1 and Baldhead Shoal Channel 2.
The channel surveys for Channels I & 2 will extend a minimum of 250 ft beyond the east
channel line or to the minimum depth for safe operation of the survey boat. The physical
surveying data for each channel segment will be processed by Navigation Branch within 5 days
of receipt of the data. Within 2 days thereafter, Navigation Branch will provide hardcopy and
electronic files to the chiefs of the Corps' Coastal H&H Section and Design Section, and to such
independent contractor as the Village may designate, for review, Within 10 calendar days of
receipt, the Chief of Engineering will meet with the Corps' Project Manager and representatives
from its Navigation Branch, Coastal Section and Design Section to provide an assessment of the
findings. Within 3 days after this meeting, the Corps' Project Manager will provide or make
available the most recent navigation survey findings to John Morris, who represents the State of
-3-

North Carolina as the non -Federal sponsor; the Cape Fear River Pilots; the Brunswick Beaches
Consortium; Village of Bald Head Island and the Towns of Caswell Beach and Oak Island..
Copies of each survey will be transmitted to the Village, both to the Village Manager and to such
independent contractor as the Village may designate, within 2 business days of completion.
Proper representatives of the Corps shall promptly meet with the Village and/or its consultants to
discuss each survey.
C. Subsequent Decision -making: There will be a meeting or meetings with the Village, the
Project Delivery Team ("PDT"), and other participants as may be appropriate and feasible to
determine whether the three channel segments of interest can be maintained for safe navigation
for a minimum of two years without maintenance dredging. The minimum dimensions needed
for safe navigation will be deemed to be a bottom width of no less than 500 feet at a depth of no
less than - 42 feet MLW. In the event there is a consensus that these minimum dimensions
cannot be maintained for at least two years, then the Corps, in concert with the non -Federal cost -
sharing sponsor, will consider options to continued maintenance of the problem areas.
Specifically, it will assess alternative means of maintaining safe navigation, to include, but not be
limited to, an alignment alteration in the vicinity of Jaybird Shoal, westward of the current
authorized alignment. The potential use of structures shall be considered. A consideration of
alternatives to the current maintenance program will likely require preparation of an
Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact (EA/FONSI), together with a
Post Authorization Change (PAC) Report. In order to accommodate the possibility that some
alternative may become the preferred plan of action for the next maintenance dredging cycle in
these channels, it will be necessary to continence the EA/FONSI and PAC coordination a
minimum of 12 months prior to the anticipated solicitation date for the next maintenance
contract. Any proposed change will be fully coordinated with the Cape Fear River Pilots,
interested agencies and the public, consistent with the Corps' normal practices for coordination
of such documents. Implementation of any recommended plan of action in future Federal fiscal
years beyond FY2005 is contingent on the required Federal and non Federal funds being made
available in future fiscal year budgets.
6. Minimum Survey of Village Beach Erosion.
At least twice each calendar year a monitoring survey shall be performed, one by the
Corps and one by the Village, to observe and record the erosion of the Village beaches and to
gather data regarding the effects of any channel dredging upon the Village beaches, and the
effects upon any efforts to retain sand disposed of on the beaches (e.g. the sand filled tube groin
field). Following each survey, the Village and the Corps shall meet to discuss the results of those
surveys and to discuss whether the measures contemplated in this agreement are effective for
their desired purpose (to retain disposed of material on the shoreline, which in turn may have a
side benefit of providing stabilization of the erosion area of the affected Village beaches). If the
efforts contemplated by this agreement are not achieving their purpose, the Village and the Corps
agree to consider additional action to achieve that purpose including, but not limited to:
a. Applying for such additional authorization and approvals as may be needed to
institute further action, including permits for the construction of stabilizing structures intended to
-4-

prevent channel induced beach erosion and authorization, permits and approvals for any
necessary alteration in channel alignment;
b. Seeking such additional funding as may be necessary to institute further action.
The Corps agrees to implement any alternative it determines to be reasonable, and for which it
has the necessary authority, funding, and permits or other approvals.
7. This agreement contemplates that further maintenance of the Navigational
Channel will proceed in the manner contemplated by the Sand Management Plan, i.e. with the
Village and Caswell Beach/East Oak Island receiving beach quality sand in future years as per
the schedule established in the Sand Management Plan. The Village, and the Corps agree that,
prior to future disposal of beach quality sand on the Village beaches pursuant to the Sand
Management Plan, the Parties shall meet and confer regarding the timing, facilitation and
location of such placement, so as to maximize the beneficial effect of such placement.
8. Interim Dredging.
Should it become necessary, for safety reasons, to conduct interim dredging in the
vicinity of the Baldhead Shoal, the Corps agrees to notify the Village as soon as is practicable, in
no event later than the date upon which such dredging work is put out for bid, but ideally as soon
as surveys or other observations suggest to the Corps that such interim dredging may be
necessary, and to work with the Village to conduct such interim dredging in such a manner as to
minimize the negative effect of such dredging on the Village and its beaches.
9. The parties acknowledge that this is a settlement of disputed claims and that the
agreement and actions set forth herein are by way of settlement and are not an admission of
liability by the Corps, nor are they a limitation to the remedies that may be sought by the Village
in the event of default of this agreement.
10. The Village agrees to dismiss, without prejudice, the claims contained in the
Second Amended Complaint.
11. The Village's agreement to this settlement is contingent upon the Corps' express
waiver of any and all statutes of limitation, and of any defense oflaches, and defense based upon
the doctrines of estoppel or res judicata as might applicable to future claims by the Village
against the Corps, including renewal of the claims contained in the Second Amended Complaint
filed by the Village on March 18, 2005, arising from the Corps activities in the vicinity of Bald
Head Island, Jaybird Shoals, and Bald Head Shoals during the Wilmington Harbor — 96 Act
Deepening Project. This waiver shall extend to and including December 31, 2010.
12. The parties agree they have been represented in these discussions by attorneys of
their own choosing and that they have had adequate time to discuss this settlement with their
respective attorneys.
511

13. If any term of this Settlement Agreement is determined by a court of competent
jurisdiction to be unenforceable, then the remaining terms of the Settlement Agreement which
are capable of construction and capable of providing meaningful relief to the Village and to the
Corps without the unenforceable terms), shall be deemed severable and valid.
This agreement is made this theaday of 2005.
THE LA E O HEAD
By,
Nam : on Middleton
THE UNTIED STATE
CO OF ENGINE
By
arks R.. Alexander, Jr.
Colonel, U.S. Army
District Engineer, Wilminzton
SIGNATURES CONTINUE ON THE FOLLOWING 2 PACES
-6-

STATE OF NORT14 CAROLINA
COUNTY OFui�.�
T, Acu+Q er/ L • I-adPe a Notary Public of the County and
State aforesaid, certify thatron Ad �6 personally appeared before me this day and
acknowledged the execution of the foregoing instrument.
WITNESS my hand and official stamp or seal, this on day of Mud% . 2005.
qiotaryftubleic'
My Commission Expires: -C -
[NOTARY SEAL]
7

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
COUNTY OF
Notary Public of the County and
State aforesaid, certify that.0hat la WGC &^i lly appeared before me this day and
aclmowledged the execution of the foregoing instrument.
WITNESS my hand and official stamp or seal, this Vidayof� • 2005.
Notary Public
My Commission Expires: dOCI
[NOTARY SEAL]
3

APPENDIX A
SAND MANAGEMENT PLAN
tea?

WILMINGTON HARBOR
SAND MANAGEMENT PLAN.
OCEAN ENTRANCE CHANNELS
AND INNER HARBOR FROM SNOWS MARSH
THROUGH HORSESHOE SHOAL CHTNELS
I. General. Deepening of Wilmington Harbor will involve the removal of lame quantities
of material including beach quality sand. Most of the- beach quality material to be
removed during deepening will come from the Ocean Entrance Channels consisting of the
following ranges: Baldhead Shoal; Smith Island; Baldhead — Caswell; Southport; Battery
Island, and Snows Marsh seaward of station 10+00. These ranges are shown on. Figure 1.
Beach quality sands will also be removed from portions of the Inner Harbor channel
extending from the, upper 1000 feet of the Snows Marsh Range through the Horseshoe
Shoal Range. These Inner Harbor channel ranges are also shown on Figure 1. A
maximum of 6.0 million cubic yards of beach quality material will be removed from the
lower portion of the Snows Marsh Range seaward through the Baldhead Shoal Range.
Approximately 0.6 miIlion cubic yards of beach quality material will be removed from the
upper Snows Marsh Range through the Horseshoe Shoal Range. Sand management plans
for these two segments of the harbor are developed below for both the new work material;
i.e., the beach qualitymaterial to be removed during deepening; and future maintenance of
these harbor segments that will involve the removal of littoral shoal material.
Ocean Entrance Channels - Sand Management Plan
2. Introduction. The sand management plan for the ocean entrance channels addresses
dredging and disposal issues associated with the realigned Baldhead Shoal Channel as well
as the Smith Island, Baldhead — Caswell, Southport, Battery Island, Lower Swash, and
Snows Marsh Channels. Construction of the ocean entrance channels into Wilmington
Harbor will entail the removal of approximately 15.5 million cubic yards of material, up to
6..0 million cubic yards of which is beach quality sand. Beach quality sand exists
throughout all of the entrance channel except the new Baldhead Shoal Channel. Within the
Baldhead Shoal Channel, beach quality sand is located between stations 0+00 and 120+00.
Between station 0+00 and approximately 66+00, the entire channel prism is considered to
be beach quality material. Between station 66+00 and 120+00, beach quality material is
layered with the material lying above elevations ranging from -30 to -41 feet MLLW.
Material below these depths contains a high percentage of clay and silt and is not suitable X
for beach disposal. Seaward of station 120+00, the new work material contains highC
concentrations of silt and clay and is not suited for placement on the beach. The beach o
quality material will be dredged primarily from the portion of Jay Bird Shoal which
overlays the west side of the realigned bar channel and from Baldhead Shoal. Baldhead
Shoal forms the east boundary of the existing channel, however, the realigned bar channel
will cut across the seaward portion of this shoal. The present alignment of the ocean bar
channel and that of the new bar channel are shown on Figure 1. As shown on Figure 1,
the new bar channel passes through the eastern side of the existing Ocean Dredged
Material Disposal Site (ODMDS).

3. The Brunswick County beach towns of Bald Head Island,. Caswell Beach, Oak Island,
and Holden Beach have expressed an interest in receiving, the beach quality material.
Linder Section 933 of the Water Resources Development. Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-
662), the Federal Government can cost share up to 50 percent of the added cost of
depositing the material on the beach providing certain criteria are met. The primary
requirement for Federal participation is that any added cost for placing sand on a particular
beach segment must be economically justified. A base disposal plan associated with the
least costly means of placing the beach quality material and a Section 933 disposal plan are
discussed in the following paragraphs. In addition, a disposal plan for the annual
maintenance material is presented following the disposal plan for th6 new work material.
4. Plan Formulation — Ocean Entrance Channels New Work Material Disposal PIan.
The disposal plan for the new work material contained in the 1996 project feasibility report
had all of the material from the Lower Big Island Range through the existing Baldhead
hoal Channel going to the ODMDS. It should be mentioned that the disposal plan in the
feasibility reportid not include consideration of the realigned Baldhead Shoal Channel.
The alignment of the new Baldhead Shoal Channel came from a recommendation
contained in a Value Engineering Study that demonstrated significant construction cost
savings could be realized by avoiding rock in the existing Baldhead Shoal Channel. In any
event, increased utilization of the existing ODMDS. for disposal of maintenance and new
work material has resulted in the existing ODMDS for Wilmington Harbor approaching
full capacity. This combined with the passage of the realigned Baldhead Shoal Channel
through the existing ODAIDS has necessitated the development of a new ODMDS. The
new ODMDS, which is being developed in cooperation with the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA), is located approximately 5 males offshore of the existing ODNIDS as
shown on Figure 1. The new ODMDS is expected to be available for use by the end of
2001, consequently, the existing ODMDS must have sufficient capacity to accommodate
the new work and maintenance material expected to be removed though the year 2001.
5. The remaining capacity of the existing ODMDS was estimated assuming that the area
could be filled to an average elevation of 26 feet below mean lower low water (mllw). All
future placement of dredge material in the existing ODMDS will take place west of the
new channel alignment. In addition, no material would be placed in a 2,500-foot wide
corridor parallel to and west of the new entrance channel in order to reduce the chance
deposited material will move into and shoal the new channel (see Figure 1). The size of
the corridor through the ODMDS is needed to prevent the return of deposited material into
the channel and was based on the distance between the western toe of the existing ODMDS
and the existing ocean entrance channel, which, as shown on Figure 1, is about 2,500 feet.
Based on these assumptions, the remaining capacity of the existing ODMDS is
approximately 17.8 million cubic yards.
6. Deepening of the Wilmington Harbor project is scheduled to begin in May 2000 with
the award of a contract to construct the offshore portion of the Baldhead Shoal Channel
seaward of station 120+00. The material to be removed from this segment of the new
channel, which totals about 6.6 million cubic yards, contains significant quantities of silt
and clay and will have to be deposited in the existing ODMDS. The contract for the
2

landward segment of Baldhead Shoal Channel and the other ocean entrance channels,
which will include up to 6.0 million cubic yards of beach quality sand and 2.8 million
cubic yards of material not suited for placement on the beach, will be awarded near the end
of calendar year 2000. Work on the inner portions of the project from upper Snows Marsh
Ranee to Horseshoe Shoal Rance that contains 0.6 million cubic vards will also be
performed in early 2001. The economic and engineering viability of options for the
disposal of the beach quality material to be removed from upper Snows Marsh to
Horseshoe Shoal is presented later in the section of this report entitled " Inner'Harbor —
Sand Management Plan." Finally, a contract for removal of rock and other sediments from
the Big Island Range will be awarded in 2000. as a test to help determine contract scopes
for rock removal from other sections of the harbor. All of the material from the Big Island
Range (approximately 2.2 milIion cubic yards) will be deposited in the ODMDS. In
summary, construction of the deeper channel between 2000 and 2001 will involve the
removal of approximately 18.2 million cubic yards of material with all of this material
scheduled to be placed in the existing ODMDS.
7. During the new ocean entrance channel construction period, periodic maintenance of
the existing ocean entrance channel will have to continue as will the. maintenance of the
interior portions of the harbor. This maintenance material, which averages around 800,000
cubic yards per year from the entrance channel and'000,000 cubic yards from the interior p
channels, is normally placed in the ODMDS. In addition to the Wilmington Harbor
maintenance material, material removed for maintenance of the Military Ocean Terminal at ;
Sunny Point (MOTSU) is also normally placed in the ODMDS. Maintenance of MOTSU
averages 1 million cubic yards per year. Thus, the combined volume of new work and E
maintenance material to be removed from Wilmington Harbor and MOTSU between 2000 {.
and 2001 could total 22.4 miLion cubic yards, exceeding the remaining capacity of the
existing ODMDS by more than 4.6 million cubic yards.
8. Base Disposal Plan -New Work Material. With the capacity of the existing a ODMDS
insufficient to accommodate the dredged material disposal volume requirements through
2001, the logical solution is to place up to 6.0 million cubic yards of beach quality material
on adjacent beaches. The only other option would be to delay the construction of the
harbor deepening project by at least one year which is not acceptable to the State of North
Carolina, the project sponsor. Placement of up to 6.0 million cubic yards of new work
material on the beach would reduce th volume of maten to be placed in the existing
ODMDS through the year 2001 to 16.4 million cubic yards, effectively depleting- the
remaining capacity of the existing OD.NIDS. Once the new ODMDS becomes operational,
all future dredge material requiring ocean disposal will be placed in the new area.
9. The disposal of up to 6.0 million cubic yards of new work beach quality material'
would be distributed along 16,000 feet on Bald Head Island and 25,000 feet on Oak Island -
Caswell Beach. Deposition on Bald Head Island would occur along 2,000 feet of West
Beach, which faces the Cape Fear River Entrance, and along 14,000 feet of South Beach.
Disposal on Oak Island -Caswell Beach would begin at the west boundary of the Fort
Caswell Baptist Assembly grounds and proceed west. The 25,000-foot disposal area on
Oak Island -Caswell Beach would extend the fill to the east end of the sea turtle habitat area
3

on Oak Island. These disposal areas are shown on Figure 2. The sea turtle habitat, which is
basically a beach fill with a small dune feature to prevent nesting. sea turtles from crossing
into the ocean front road, will be constructed under authority of Section 1135 of the Water
Resources Development 'Act of 1986. Construction of the sea turtle habitat will be
completed in April 2001. The combined total of new work material to be deposited on
Bald Head Island under the base plan would be 2,580,000 cubic vards. The balance of the
new work beach quality material (up to 3,420,000 cubic yards) would be equally
distributed along the 25,000-foot disposal area on Oak Island -Caswell Beach. The base
plan beach fill placement characteristics associated with placement of up to 6.0 miIIion
cubic yards of new work material are presented in Table 1. Based on the characteristics of
the sediment to be removed, about 83 percent of the dredged material is expected to remain
in place. The lower placement rates used on `'Vest Beach and at the west end of South
Beach are intended to reduce the possibility of increased sediment transport from the
disposal area back into the navigation channel. Following initial adjustments, the deposited
T material will begin to erode at a rates comparable to or slightly faster than the erosion rates
experienced on the existing beach. The base disposal plan addresses provisions for the
disposal of up to 6.0 million cubic yards of beach quality material, however, the maximum
volume may be reduced by 20 to 30 percent depending on the final quantitative and
qualitative sand analysis and actual dredging operations associated with the dredging
contractors decisions to obtain the total allowable overdepth.
Table 1
Base PIan Beach Disposal Characteristics
Location
Length
Disposal
Initial
Adjusted
Initial
Net
along
Rate
Placement
Placement
Placement
In -place
Shoreline
(cubic yds
Width
Width
Volume
Volume
(feet)
Per ft)
Range
Range.
(cubic yds)
(cubic yds)
(feet)
(feet)
Bald Head
16,000
2,580,000
Island
West
Beach
2,000
120
190 to 210
95 to 105
240,000
200,000
South
2,000
120
190 to 210
95 to 105
240,000
200,000
Beach
South
12,000
175
280 to 300
140 to 150
2,100,000
1,734,000
Beach
Oak Is -
25,000
137
220 to 240
110 to 120
3,420,000
2,839,000
Caswell
Beach
Totals
41,000
i
6,000,000
4,973,000
4

10. Section 933 Disposal Plan -- New Wort: Material. The Brunswick County beach
.towns of Bald Head Island, Caswell Beach, Oak Island, Holden Beach,. Ocean Isle, and
Sunset Beach formed the Brunswick County Consortium for the purpose of working
together to assure that the beach quality material is placed on the beach. Since Ocean Isle
has received approval for a Federal Storm Damage Reduction Project, it is not vying for
any of the Wilmington Harbor material. Construction of the Ocean Isle project is
scheduled to begin in 2000. As mentioned above, a segment of Oak Island, Iying between
East 26`h Street and East 581h Street, has been approved for a Section 1135 sea turtle
habitat. The length of shoreline included in the sea turtle habitat consist of an 000-foot
main section and 1,600-foot transitions on each 'end -mai ons�ct'
ton of the.
sea turtle habitat will involve the removal of ab 1.6 million cubic yards ofaerialfrom
an existing upland dredged material dispos c, antic
Intracoastal Waterway (AMV). The ex ected in place volume_ resulting from this project
is 1.34 million cubic yards in the main portion o a turtle habitat, the placement
rate will be.approximatel, 130 cubic yards/foot of beach. cordingly, no material from
the Wilmington Harbor project will be place in the main portion of the sea turtle habitat.
.Some harbor material will be placed in the habitat . transition areas to make up the
difference in the volume that will be placed under Section 1135 and the rate of fill
proposed under. Section 933. This volume difference is around 25,000 to 30,000 cubic
yards. As discussed below, disposal of material from the Wilmington Harbor project along
Oak Island could occur at rates varying from 78 to 110 cubic yards/foot of beach. While
these placement rates are less than the placement rate within the main portion of the Sea
Turtle Habitat project, the relative protrusion in the shoreline resulting from the sea turtle
project would be less than that w ich would have been produced in the absence of the
harbor material. The reduction in the relative seaward protrusion of the shoreline within
the habitat area resulting from the placement of the harbor material on the beach would
also reduce the expected rate of loss from the habitat project due to end losses.
11. The shoreline segments that could receive material from Wilmington Harbor as a result
of the Section 933 study include: 16,000 feet on Bald Head Island; 25,000 feet on Caswell
Beach and the east end of Oak Island; 25,600 feet on the west end of Oak Island lying west
of the sea turtle habitat; and 10,600 feet on the east end of Holden Beach. This represents
a total shoreline length of 77,200 feet. These shoreline segments are shown on Figure 2.
The distribution of available beach quality sand along the Brunswick County beaches will
depend on the final results of the Section 933 study, analysis of project engineering and
economic constraints, and the desires of the project sponsor and the Brunswick County
consortium. To account for variations in sand placement along the Brunswick County
beaches under the section 933 authority, Table 2 presents the maximum beach fill disposal
characteristics associated with the maximum beach fill for each beach segment resulting
from the various possible distributions of beach quality material. Al tho��'13
tfre final
distribution of the beach quality material for the Section. 933 work along runswick
Count beaches has not been determined, the-total-pla ceed .0 million
cubic yards. Six million cubic yards of beach quality material to be removed from the
channel equates to 5.0 million cubic yards of in place sand on the beai based on
retention rate of 83 percent discussed previously. Following the initial adjusen sion
of the fill material will occur at rates equ a oticerosion

rates. The Section 933 disposal plan addresses provisions for the disposal of up to 6.0
million cubic vards of. beach quality material, however, the maximum volume may be
reduced by 20 to 30 percent depending on the final quantitative and qualitative sand.
analysis and actual dredging operations associated with the dredging contractors decisions
to obtain the total allowable overdepth.
Table 2
MAXIMUNI
Section 933 Disposal Characteristics
Location
Length .
Disposal
Initial
Adjusted
. Initial
Net
along
Rate
Placement
Placement
Placement
In -place
Shoreline
(cubic yds
Width
Width
Volume
Volume
(feet)
Per fr)
Range
Ranee
(cubic yds)
(cubic yds)
(feet)
(feet)
Bald Head
16,000
2,200,000
1,826,000
Island
West
2,000
120
190 to 210
95 to 105
240,000
200,000
Beach
South
2,000
l20
190 to 210
95 to 105
240,000
200,000
Beach
South
-12,000
143 -
220 to 240
110 to 120
1,720,000
1,426,000
Beach
Oak
50,500
4,740,000
3,933,000
Island
East Oak
25,000
110
170 to 190
85 to 95
2,750,000
2,283,000
.Island -
Caswell
Beach
West Oak
25,600
78
120 to 140
60 to 70
1,990,0.00
1,650,000
Island -
Caswell
Beach
Holden
10,600
78
120 to 140
60 to 70
830,000
690,000
Beach
Inner Harbor — Snows Marsh Range to Horseshoe Shoal Range
Sand Management Plan
12. Introduction. The sand management plan for the inner harbor addresses dredging
and disposal issues associated with the Snows Marsh and Horseshoe Shoal channels. An
estimated 0.6 million cubic yards of beach quality material will be removed from this
6

portion of the project. Disposal islands 3 and 4, located near the intersection of Horseshoe
and Snows Marsh channels, are at maximum capacity and contain an estimated 1.3 million
cubic yards of beach quality material. Maintenance material removed from this area is
predominately sand of beach quality. Existing maintenance dredging operations in this area
utilizes the offshore disposal area. The removal of the existing material from disposal
islands 3 and 4 in conjuction with the new work dredging will facilitate placement of
future maintenance material in islands 3 and 4. Future maintenance material placed in
islands 3 and 4 would be used to nourish adjacent beaches.
13. Plan Formulation. The disposal plan for material presented in the June 1996 Cape
Fear -Northeast Cape Fear Rivers project feasibility report proposed the placement of all
dredge material from these channel reaches in the offshore disposal area. Subsequent
investigations of material characteristics have shown that -this material is of beach quality
and this valuable. resource would be best utilized to meet nourishment needs of the nearby
beaches. Placement options for the 0.6 million cubic yards of new work material from the
'navigation channel includes potential placement of this material on Carolina Beach, Kure
Beach, or Fort Fisher for 7,000 feet south of the southern terminus of the rock revetment.
Placement options for the new work material from the navigation channel combined with
pump out of islands 3 and 4 includes provisions for placement of 1.9_million cubic yards of
material on adjacent beaches including Carolina Beach, Kure Beach, the Fort Fisher area,
Bald Head Island , for Caswell Beach. Final placement decisions for.,the :new work .and
maintenance material associated with the inner harbor from the* Snows Marsh reach
through the Horseshoe Shoal reach will assure that' the dredge material disposal occurs in
the least costly, environmentally acceptable manor, consistent with engineering
requirements established for the project.
Maintenance Material Disposal Plan
14. Plan Formulation. Maintenance of the Wilmington Harbor Entrance Channel has
historically required the removal of between 850,000 to 1,000,000 cubic yards of material
each year. The maintenance material has normally been deposited in the ODMDS. Of the
total volume removed each year, about 300,000 to 400,000 cubic yards has been littoral
material derived from the adjacent beaches on Oak Island and Bald Head Island. ,This
volumd of littoral sediment constitutes 40 to 50 percent of the gross littoral transport along
the Brunswick County beaches. Littoral material deposits in the bar channel primarily as a
result of the eastward movement of Jay Bird Shoal and the westward movement of Bald
Head Shoal into the channel area. The littoral sands generally deposit in channel reaches
between channel stations 0+00 and 120+00. Seaward of station 120+00, the shoal material
consist primarily of riverine silts and clays. Whine the new ocean bar channel will have an
alignment different from the existing bar channel, shoaling patterns in the new channel,
particularly in the vicinity of Jay Bird Shoal and Bald Head Shoal, are expected to be
similar to the existing channel. The _rate of shoaling of littoral sand in the new channel is
estimated to be 545,000 cubic yards per year. The higher rate of deposition of littoral
material in the new bar channel compared to the existing is due to channel modifications
that would widen the channel to the west along the Smith Island Range and portions of the
Baldhead Shoal range and cut across the seaward portions of Bald Head Shoal, as shown
7

on Figure 1. The volume of riverine silts and clays that will shoal the seaward portions of
the new entrance channel are projected to be 539.000 cubic yards per year or about the
same as that which occurs in the existing entrance channel.
15. The dredged material disposal plan for the entrance channel maintenance material was
developed in accordance. with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers policy with regard to the
disposal of dredged material from Federal navigation channels. The Corps policy is
contained in 33 CFR Parts 335-338 reads as follows:
"It is the Corps' policy to regulate the discharge of dredged material from its
projects to'assure that dredged material disposal occurs in the least costly,
environmentally acceptable manner, consistent with engineering
requirements established for the project."
The policy further states:
"The least costly alternative, consistent with sound engineering practices and
selected through the 404(b)(1) guidelines or ocean disposal criteria, will be
designated the Federal standard for the proposed project."
(Note: Section 404 guidelines of the Clean Water Act apply to beach nourishment. island creation. or construction of
underwater ber= whereas ocean disposil is covered by the ocean Dumping Arta
Finally, with specific reference. to the disposal of maintenance material, the policy sates .
(33 CFR Part 337.9):
"(a) District engineers should identify and develop dredged material disposal
management strategies that satisfy the long-term (greater than 10 years) needs
for Corps projects. Full consideration should be given to all practicable
alternatives including upland, open water, beach nourishment, within banks
disposal, ocean disposal, etc."
16. The Federal policy notwithstanding, the State of North Carolina adopted a set of
policies in 1992 designated to insure that beach quality sand not be removed from the
active beach' system. The U.S. Department of Commerce, pursuant to the Federal Coastal
1 I Zone Management Act of 1972, has incorporated these policies into the North Carolina
I Coastal Management Program. As a result, the State of North Carolina includes these
policies in its consistency review of Federal activities. In 1993, . the North Carolina
General Asserimbly enacted a statute that put the coastal management policy into law.
While there is continuing legal debate over the applicability of the State Law to Federal
projects, the Federal Government is required to be consistent with the State's coastal
management program to the maximum extent. practicable. Accordingly, the disposal plan
for the maintenance. material removed from the Wilmington_ Harbor entrance channel will
attempt to satisfy these State requirements.
8

17. Based on the Corps policy given above, three factors were considered in the
development of a dredged material disposal plan for maintenance of the harbor entrance,
namely; engineering requirements of the project, environmental impacts, and cost. These
factors are discussed below.
18. Engineering Requirements. The construction and maintenance of a deep ocean
entrance channel through a tidal inlet will have the same impact on the movement of
littoral sediment past the entrance as stabilizing structures such as jetties. However, the
impacts of a dredge channel on the adjacent shorelines are generally more subtle than the
impacts associated with stabilizing structures. In the case of stabilizing structures, there is
usually a visible build-up of material adjacent to the updrift structure with corresponding
erosion downdrift of the opposite structure. These impacts are normally clearly visible and
measurable within distances of thousands of feet of the structures. Navigation projects that
include stabilizing structures are generally formulated to include some means to bypass
sand from one side of. the entrance to the other in order to prevent project inducederosion
on the adjacent beaches. Dredged channels, on the other hand, do not cause material to
build-up on one side of the inlet or th,6 other, rather, the impact of sediment removal from
the dredged channel tends to be diffused throughout the impacted area. Since this
diffusion process can extend over miles of shoreline, the erosive impact of the sediment
removed from the navigation channel and its deposition outside the active littoral zone is
_difficult to.detect in the short term since the magnitude. of. the impact may be of the same.. .
order as normal temporal fluctuations in the shoreline position. Also, where stabilizing
structures generally have a well-defined impact on the predominant downdrift beach,
channel projects affect both sides as material is deposited in the navigation channel from
both the updrift and downdrift beaches.
19. The Wilmington Harbor project, historically, has not included the disposal of littoral
sands on the adjacent beaches or in the active —littoral zone. This has been primarily due to
the maintenance practices that were established with the inception of the project over 100
years ago. Dredging technology that existed during the early history of the project dictated
maintenance procedures and dredged material disposal practices. In this regard, hopper
dredges, with hopper doors that opened by swinging down, .'were highly efficient in
removing shoal material .from channels but were restricted by their loaded drafts and
swinging hopper doors to depositing the dredged material in relatively deep water. As a
result, the '`Federal Standard" for maintaining navigation projects, like Wilmington
Harbor, became the cost and impacts associated with hopper dredging and ocean disposal
of the dredged material in water depths of 30 feet or more.
20. The early establishment of the "Federal Standard" for maintenance of Wilmington
Harbor did not consider the overall impacts of removing littoral sediment from the littoral
system. This was due in part to the limited coastal development that existed when the
projects were first constructed, but also due to lack of sufficient scientific understanding of
coastal processes and the sand sharing system associated with tidal inlets and adjacent
beaches. Years of research by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and practical knowledge
gained from the operation of the numerous coastal navigation projects around the country
has resulted in the realization that littoral material must be conserved. Natural supplies
0

from rivers and streams are not • replenishing littoral sediments, particularly on the East
Coast of the United States_ Thus, the removal of a cubic yard of littoral sediment from a
Itidal entrance or inlet with deposition outside the active littoral zone of the beach will
ultimately cause a cubic yard deficit somewhere within the. sand sharing system affected by
j that particular entrance or inlet. The impact of the removal of littoral sediment from the
active littoral zone through channel maintenance is identified as a major cause of man -
induced erosion in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Shore Protection Manual. From an
engineering perspective, the primary requirement for the Wilmington Harbor maintenance
program, apart from assuring ,hat the channel remains open year-round, is to prevent
project induced erosion of the adjacent beaches by conserving the limited natural resource,
sand, through deposition directly on the adjacent beaches.
21. Wave transformation/sediment transport studies were conducted by the Coastal and
Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and
Development Center, for the Wilmington District, to determine the theoretical rate of
longshore sediment transport moving toward the Cape Fear River Entrance. The results of
this study are reported in reference 3.
22. The results of the sediment transport analysis for the existing condition near the Cape
Fear River entrance found that sediment transport potential to the east off Caswell Beach is
270,000 cubic yards per .year while a comparable rate to the west off Bald Head Island is
about 527,000 cubic yards per year. Combining these two transport rates results in a gross
transport of littoral sediment moving into the entrance of 797,000 cubic yards per year. In
terms of percentages, approximately 66 percent of the sediment shoaling the entrance
channel comes from Bald Head Island while 34 percent is derived from Caswell Beach. In
order to maintain the sediment balance on both islands, littoral material removed from the
entrance channel will be placed back on the beach from whence it came. Accordingly, two
out of every three cubic yards of littoral shoal material removed from the entrance channel
will be placed back on Bald Head Island and the remaining cubic yard placed on East Oak
Island -Caswell Beach. The disposal Iocations on each island will be based on the results
of annual beach profile monitoring surveys. In general, the material will be placed
primarily along portions of South Beach and West Beach. on Bald Head Island and on East
Oak Island -Caswell Beach beginning at a point just east of the Carolina Power and Light
Company cooling water discharge canal.
23. The distribution of Iittoral shoal material between Bald Head Island and East Oak
Island — Caswell Beach given above will be accomplished by placing material from two
consecutive maintenance operations on Bald Head Island with the third operation
involving placement on Oak Island -Caswell Beach. Historically, littoral shoaling
in the entrance channel has been the highest in the Smith Island Range as a result of the
eastward encroachment of Jay Bird Shoal into the channel. In 1991, a 50-foot channel
widener was constructed along the west side of the Smith Island Range and was effective
in trapping east moving sediment off of Jay Bird Shoal but was not large enough to
significantly increase the time between maintenance dredging operations. In 1996, the
widener was increased to 100 feet, which increased the maintenance cycle for this segment
of the entrance channel to approximately every, two years. The design of the deeper
10

i
annel into Wilmington Harbor includes a 150-foot channel widener west of the Smith
,land Range, as shown on Figure 1. Consequently, maintenance dredging of the Smith
sland Range and the landward end of the Baldhead Shoal Range should only be required
;every two years. Based on a two year maintenance cycle, 1,090,000 cubic yards of littoral
material will be placed on Bald Head Island in 1 year 2 and year 4 following the initial
deepening of the harbor with this same volume placed on Oak Island -Caswell Beach
during the 6`h year following channel deepening. This disposal cycle is planned for the life
of the project. The equivalent annual deposition of material would be 363,000 cubic yards
per year to Bald Head Island and 182,000 cubic yards per year to Oak Island -Caswell
Beach.
24. Environmental Impacts. The dredged material disposal plan for the new work -
material and that for the sandy maintenance material would not only improve the condition
of the beaches adjacent to the harbor entrance but would maintain the beaches in a more
stable condition. The wider more stable beaches, particularly along Bald Head Island and
the East' Oak Island -Caswell Beach disposal areas, would provide improved sea turtle
nesting habitat compared to the present condition of these beaches. Even in their present
state, the shorelines of East Oak Island, Caswell Beach, and Bald Head Island provide
some of the most important sea turtle nesting habitat in North Carolina. In this regard,
statistics compiled by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission over the last 6
years.(1994 to 1999 inclusive) show -that approximately 33 percent of the sea -turtle nest in
North Carolina occurred on these three beaches. This relative high percentage of the total
statewide nests is even more impressive given that these beaches constitute only 5 percent
of the entire shoreline of North Carolina.
25. The disposal of material on the beach will have some short term negative impacts
including the temporary increase in turbidity .during the disposal operation and the
smothering or otherwise displacement of organisms that live in or near the beach foreshore.
Turbidity caused by the disposal operation normally does not persist more than one or two,
tidal cycles (12 to 24 hours) following the cessation of the disposal operation. With regard
to .the smothering or displacement of the nearshore organisms, studies by the University of
Virginia for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on Pea Island have shown that the
organisms generally return to the area in about .one year. The disposal plan for the
maintenance material discussed above would involve the placement of material on Bald
Head Island in intervals of 2, 4, and 8 years while disposal on Oak Island -Caswell Beach
would occur in 6 year intervals. Thus, the nearshore organisms would not be completely
eliminated from the area as a result of the disposal operation. In summary, the positive
environmental impacts associated with the deposition of the littoral shoal material on the
beach versus depositing it in an ocean disposal site far outweigh the negative impacts.
26. Cost. Th "Federal Standard" f constructing and maintaining navigation channels
focuses on the le o of disposing the material, even though policy dictates
that the environmental and engineering requirements must also be considered. With
respect to the disposal plan for the new work entrance channel material, the limited
capacity of the existing ODMDS dictates that the beach quality material be placed on the
adjacent beaches,' otherwise, the construction of the deeper project would have to be

delayed by about a year. Even if the project were to be delayed a year to allow ocean
disposal of the beach quality material, cost comparisons indicate that beach disposal would
still be the most cost effective disposal option. .
27. Maintenance Material Disposal. Even if beach disposal of the maintenance material
resulted in some additional cost, the Corps of Engineers, under authority of Section 207 of
the Water Resources Development Act of 1996, can elect to use a slightly more costly
disposal method if there are overriding environmental and erosion control benefits
associated with the more costly disposal scheme.
28. Future disposal of maintenance material in the ocean will be in the new ODIVIDS
located 5 miles farther offshore than the existing ODMDS. This additional haul distance
almost doubles the cost of ocean disposal. As a result, beach disposal of the beach quality
maintenance material becomes the least costly option, particularly if maintenance of the
beach quality material is only required every two years. While the intent of the sand
management plan is to return littoral material to the beach, the primary purpose of the
project is to provide safe navigation through the ocean entrance into Wilmington Harbor.
In this regard, there may be occasions during the life of the project when problem shoals
occur in the entrance channel between normal -2-year maintenance cycle. In order ' to
prevent disruption of navigation, these shoals must be removed in an expedient manner. If
.the size of these problem shoals are small (for example less than 100,000 cubic yards),
mobilization and demobilization of an ocean certified pipeline dredge may not be
economical.. Therefore, on these occasions, removal of the shoals could be accomplished
with a hopper dredge with disposal of the material in the ODMDS. In any event, a
comparison of the cost for ocean disposal versus beach disposal of the littoral material is
provided in Table 3. This cost comparison is made over a 6 year period which corresponds.
to the time period associated with the sand sharing formula between Bald Head Island and
Oak Island -Caswell Beach.
29. Summary. The sand management plan developed for the new work beach quality
material and maintenance material to be removed from the entrance channels into
Wilmington Harbor includes the following:
(a) Disposal of the new work beach quality material on Bald Head Island and Oak
Island -Caswell Beach.
(b) In the absence of Section 933, up to 2,580,000 cubic yards of the new work
material would be placed on Bald Head Island and up to 3,420,000 on Oak Island -
Caswell Beach.
(c) Under Section 933, the material would be distributed along Bald Head Island,
Caswell Beach, Oak Island, and Holden Beach.
(d) Beach quality maintenance material will be deposited directly on Bald Head
Island and Oak Island -Caswell Beach with Bald Head Island receiving 2 yards for
every yard placed on Oak Island -Caswell Beach.
12

Table 'a
Cost Comparison - Ocean Disposal versus Beach Disposal
Ocean Entrance Channel Maintenance lwfaterial
Item
Quantity
Unit
Unit Cost
Cost
Beach & Ocean Disposal — Maintenance
Material
Year 1: Hopper Dredge Silt & Clay
Mob & Demob Hopper
1
job
$331,000
$331,000
Dredging w/ Ocean Disposal
538,000
CY
$4.00
$2,152,000
Total Year 1 Dredging Cost
$2,483,000
Year 2: Hopper Dredge Silt & Clay
Mob &•Demob Hopper
1
job
$331,000
$331,000
Dredging w/Ocean Disposal
538,000
CY
$4.00
$2,152,000
Mob & Demob Pipeline Dredge
11
job
$948,000
$948,000-
Dredging-Disposal on Bald Head
1,090,000
ICY
1$3.10
$3,379,000
Total Year 2 Dredging Cost
$6,810,000
Year 3: Hopper Dredge Silt & Clay
Mob & Demob Hopper
1
job
$331,000
$331,000
Dredging w/ Ocean Disposal
538,000
CY
$4.00
$2,152,000
Total Year 3 Dredging Cost
$2,483,000
Year 4: Hopper Dredge Silt & Clay
Mob & Demob Hopper
1
lob
$331,000
$331,000
Dredging w/ Ocean Disposal
538,000
CY
$4.00
$27152,000
Mob & Demob Pipeline Dredge
1
job
$948,000
$948,000
Dredging -Disposal on Bald Head
1,090,000
CY
$3.10
1$6,810,000
$3,379,000
Total Year 4 Dredging Cost
Year 5: Hopper Dredge Silt & Clay
Mob & Demob Hopper
1
job
$331,000
$331,000
Dredging w/ Ocean Disposal'
S38,000
CY
$4.00
$2,152,000
Total Year 5 Dredging Cost
$2,483,000
Year 6: Hopper Dredge Silt & Clay
Mob & Demob Hopper
1
job
$331,000
$331,000
Dredging w/ Ocean Disposal
538,000
Cy.
$4.00
52552,000
Mob & Demob Pipeline Dredge
1
job 1$1,275,000
$1,275,000
Dredging -Disposal on Oak Island-1,090,000
Caswell
CY
$4.60
$5,01.4,000
Total Year 6 Dredging Cost
$8,772,000
Total 6-Year Dredging Cost
$29,841,000
13

Ocean Disposal of All Maintenance
Material
Yearly Hopper Dredge Cost for Ocean .
Disposal of all Maintenance Material
Mob & Demob
1
job
$331,C00
$331,000
Dredging w/ Ocean Disposal
1,083,000
CY
$4.40
$4,765,200
Total. Annual Dredging Cost
$5,096,200
Total 6-Year Dredging Cost
S30,577;201}
Date ReAsed: 02/04/00-sv
14

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NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESQURces
DivlS�ott�FrQop MANAGEMEM
EXECUTIVE OFFICE
JunelS 2000
/ Colonel James W. DeLony
rDistrict Engineer
.1rgq U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
=�. Wilmington District
.; P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402-1890
1000 JUN 2b ' A 1 1: 03 .
AP
iS
o C.
REFERENCE: DCM00-14 EA and CD - Preconstruction Modifications of
Authorized Improvements, Wilmington Harbor 96 Project
Dear Col. DeLony:
On May. 17, •2000 the State of North Carolina completed its review,
pursuant to 15 CFR 930 Subpart C - Consistency for Federal Activities, of
the referenced document describing proposed modifications to the
authorized Wilmington Harbor 96 Project in New Hanover and Brunswick
Counties, North Carolina. The Corps of Engineers submitted the
document to the state on February 17, 2000, . and the project, was
assigned the number DCM00-14 for.our review purposes.
During the course of our review several environmental concerns were
raised by state agencies regarding potential impacts on the resources of
the coastal zone. These continents were forwarded to. the Corps for its
consideration. As the consistency deadline was approaching, we ewtended
our original consistency deadline 15 days, pursuant to 15 CPR 930.41, at
the end of March. On April 10, 2000, our review was again extended to
allow concerned state agencies to review the Corps' responses to
moo:..•__. comments on the Environmental Assessment (EA). The Division of
Coastal Management received the Corps' responses on May 3 and again
solicited comments from concerned state agencies.
The modifications that the Wilmington District Corps of Engineers
seeks authorization for are as follows:
-�" - I. Construction and maintenance of the Wilmington Harbor entrance
channel along a new alignment across. the ocean bar.
2. Backhlling the abandoned channel length with dredged material
not suited for beach or littoral zone disposal.
MAILING: 1636 MAIL SC"tCt CCMTEA, RALMOK. MORTM CAROLINA X7609-1926
'.r PMYSSCAL: 2726 CAPITAL BLVD., RALCIGM, NC X7604
PNONC: 919-733-=93 FAX& 919-733.1493
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY / AFPttlMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYCR - So% ACCYCLLD / 10% POST-CONSUMLR }A►CR
DEHR TOLL PRGC I/OTLIK99 1-877-623-6743
e2-4_1 ---,

Col. James V. D eLony
June 15, 2000
Page 2 •' .:..
3. Placement of material dredged from the new channel alignmen
and other portions of the project on area beaches in New Hanove:
and Brunswick Counties.
4,
5
C.1
Establishment of a comprehensive plan for dredging and disposal
operations for each portion of the harbor, including hopper dredge
with overflow.
Utilization of blast pressure criteria to measure impacts of blasting
on aquatic resources and the elimination of the bubble curtain
during blasting operations.
Placement of dredged material that does not go to the old channel,
-the littoral zone, the beaches, or other existing disposal sites, into
the Offshore Dredged Material Disposal Site (ODMDS).
The Corps proposes to construct the new entrance channel alignment and
place all suitable material on the nearby beaches over an approximately eighteen
month period covering two winter seasons acid one stunmer season. Turtle
monitoring and shorebird surveys of affected beaches will be conducted. Details of
the disposal operations for construction and maintenance of the channel are
documented in a Sand Management Plan (SMP). In addition, the Corps has clarified
details of the placement, timing, costs, and amount of sand to be deposited on the
beaches of Bald Head Island, Caswell Beach, Oak Island, and Holden Beach in a
letter dated June 9, 2000from Colonel James W. DeLony, District Engineer, to the
mayors of the respective beach towns. We understand that disposal of dredged
material from construction and maintenance of the project will be conducted
according to the SMP and letter, as agreed to by the NC Division of Water
Resources, the Brunswick County beach communities and the Corps of Engineers.
We also understand that the use of hopper dredge with overflow will be limited to
times of year and reaches of the project in which impacts on coastal resources will
be minimized.
Based upon our review of the. EA and the Corps of Engineers' response to
comments, we do not disagree with your determination that the proposed
construction and changes in harbor maintenance procedures are consistent with
the North. Carolina Coastal Management Program to the maximum extent
practicable, provided that the project is performed according to the EA (including
the Sand Management Plan and other appendices) and the Corps' responses to
comments from the EA, and to Colonel DeLony's letter of June 9, 2000 (including
attachments), and that the conditions below are met.

Col. James W. DeLony
June 15, 2000
Page 3
1. Principal amongst the issues raised were -Potential impacts on sea turtles,
shore and water birds, beach and benthic infauna, fisheries, and water
quality parameters. It is extremely important that the impacts of this
multifaceted project be well documented in order to evaluate the effects on
these resources and on the overall coastal environment. The Corps of
Engineers will pursue an integrated monitoring plan to address the
resources noted in the first sentence of this paragraph, and will coordinate
all monitoring efforts with the. appropriate state agencies. This will
include but not be limited to the North Carolina Division of Coastal
Management, the Wildlife Resources Commission, the Division of Marine
Fisheries, and the Division of Water Quality. We understand that the
Corps intends to initiate monitoring coordination with . the resource
agencies in June of 2000.
2. As additional mitigation for impacts on fisheries resources, a fish passage
structure will be constructed at Lock and Dam 1 on the Cape Fear River.
In addition, fish passage alternatives for Lock and Dams 2 and 3 will be
investigated. The Corps of Engineers and, as the Wilmington Harbor
Project Sponsor, the State of North Carolina, have agreed to these actions.
3. The placement, timing, costs, and amount of sand to be deposited on Bald
Head Island, Caswell Beach, Oak Island, and Holden Beach, both during
construction and future maintenance; monitoring; and response to
impacts shall be in accordance with Col. DeLony's letter of June 9, 2000,
to the mayors of the respective towns receiving the sand (attached and
incorporated by reference). If the towns, Corps, and project sponsor's
representative mutually agree to modifications to the SMP or Col.
DeLony's June 9, 2000 letter, those modifications shall be submitted to
the North Carolina Division of Coastal Management for a determination of
whether another consistency review is necessary on the modifications.
4. The state must have the opportunity to review the project, including
monitoring results, to determine if it continues to be consistent with the
North Carolina Coastal Management Program in two situations: 1) After
five years from the date of this letter, and 2) before any subsequent
modifications for future maintenance or other requests to modify the
Wilmington Harbor 95 Project are considered. The Corps shall request
this review and provide documentation of impacts (or lack thereof) on the
coastal resources of concern.
A

Col. James W. DeLony
June 15, 2000 :
Page 4
5. If in the future the Corps considers requesting authorization to conduct
hopper dredging with over flow or to place maintenance dredge spoil on a
beach, outside of the established time periods -or locations, a separate
consistency review will be required for each of these activities.
While the State of North Carolina supports beach nourishment and the
placement of suitable spoil material on the beaches, we remain concerned about the
short term and long term impacts on the biologic and ecologic resources of the
coast. We maintain that the best time for such beach nourishment and renourish-
ment is outside of the period of peak impacts on infauna, sea turtles, and fisheries.
The State discourages individuals and agencies from seeking authorization to
perform work outside established moratoria, and caution that our response is not to
be interpreted as a precedent assuring authorization for future renourishment or
disposal of sand on beaches outside of established dredging and disposal moratoria.
We understand that summer beach disposal is, necessary only during the
construction phase of the project and that maintenance of the harbor channels xrill
be conducted within established biological time frames.
Finally, with the increasing number of beach disposal and renourishment
projects, much of the state's southern coast beaches will be in the placement or
recovery phases in any given year. To this end, the Division of Coastal Management
requests that the Corps consider combining the monitoring studies and
environmental considerations of this project, the Wrightsville Beach, Carolina
Beach, Kure Beach projects, and all of the Brunswick County Beaches projects to
achieve a more comprehensive and cumulative impact analysis. Although these
projects are separate in authorization and funding, we feel that concurrent studies
could provide beneficial insights on impacts to resources from beach disposal and
nourishment along this extended reach of shoreline.
If you have any questions regarding our findings, conditions, or
recommendations, please contact Ms. Caroline Bellis, Division of Coastal
Management, at [phone]. Thank you for your consideration of the North
Carolina Coastal Management Program.
Sincerely,
l G�
Donna D. Moffitt '

Col. James W. DeLony
June 15, 2000
Page 5
Attachment
cc: • Bob Stroud, Division of Coastal Management, Wilmington
Franklin McBride, NC Wildlife Resources Commission
Bennett Wynne, NC Wildlife Resources Commission
Ruth Boettcher, NC Wildlife Resources Commission
Fritz Rohde, NC Division of Marine Fisheries
Mike Street, NC Division of Marine Fisheries
John Dorney, Division of Water Quality
Frank Yelverton, US Army Corps of Engineers
John Meshaw, US Army Corps of Engineers

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
Po. BOX 3890
WILMINGTON. NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
-HF _RT0 - June 9, 2000
Project Management Branch
Honorable Freeman A Berne
Mayor of the Village of Bald Head Island
Post Office Box 3009
Baldhead Island, North Carolina 28461
Honorable Harry Simmons
Mayor of Caswell Beach
707 Caswell Beach Road
Caswell Beach, North Carolina 28465
Honorable Joan Altman .
Mayor of Oak Island
4601 East Oak Island Drive
Oak Island, North Carolina 28465
Honorable James W. Lowell
Mayor of Holden Beach
110 Rothschild Street
Holden Beach, North Carolina 28462
Dear Mayors: .
i
RZCL l Y
,1UN 16 D
2000
COASTAL MAIVAe MEW
After years of effort by many, it is a pleasure to see the various elements of the
Wilmington Harbor Navigation project (hereinafter the "Project") coming together. As we
approach the decision point for the Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI), I want to bring
everyone up to date on the status of our plan to place beach quality sand excavated for the project
on Bald Head Island, Caswell Beach, Oak Island, and Holden Beach,
As you know, the details of our plan are presented in the Environmental Assessment, in
particular, Appendix A - Sand Management Plan, in the Wilmington Harbor Monitoring Plan,
and in the Section 933 Evaluation Report. The shoreline segments recommended to receive sand
are the Village of Bald Head Island (up to 16,000 linear feet), Caswell Beach (up to 25,000 linear
feet), Oak Island (up to 25,600 linear feet), and Holden Beach (up to 10,600 Iinear feet). This
represents a maximum shoreline length of 77,200 linear feet.
Bald Head Island will be the site of initial beach disposal associated with construction.
This site, along with the easternmost 25,000 Iinear feet of Caswell Beach -Oak Island, represents
the least cost alternative of disposal available to the Project; accordingly, placement will be
accomplished at Project cost and at no cost to the Village of Bald Head Island.

-2-
Placement will be according to the March 31, 2000 memorandum from Erik J. Olsen, consultant
to the Village of Bald Head Island referencing the Village of Bald Head Island, Beach Disposal
Plan (200012001) (enclosed and incorporated by reference) to the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Wilmington District (hereinafter "Corps").
Once disposal has begun at the Village of Bald Head Island, fill operations will continue
until the estimated minimum of 1,536,000 cubic yards of sand in the channel prism allocated to
the Village of Bald Head Island (based on channel surveys conducted in October and December
1999) have been dredged and placed on the beach in accordance with the March 31, 2000
memorandum. Assuming a potential effective reduction of 20 percent in the gross fill dredged,
the final in -place fill volume is expected to range between 1,229,000 cubic yards and 1,536,000
cubic yards.
Project construction beach disposal operations at the Village of Bald Head Island will be
performed along both West Beach and South Beach, as indicated by the March 31, 2000
memorandum. The Village of Bald Head Island will provide all requisite easements necessary to
construct the templates) provided for by the ,March 3 ,, 2000 memorandum.
Once the placement of beach quality sand at the Village of Bald Head Island is complete,
placement along approximately 25,000 linear feet of shoreline at the eastenimost end of Caswell
Beach -Oak Island will be accomplished. Placement will be made in accordance with the
template agreed to by the Corps, NCDENI, and the communities of Caswell Beach and Oak
Island. The final in -place fill volume is expected to range between I,451,000 cubic yards and
I,814,000 cubic yards. Since this reach comprises the balance ofthe least cost alternative for
disposal available to the Project, placement will be at Project cost and at no cost to those
communities. All requisite easements will be provided by the communities at no cost to the
Project.
Under the provisions of the draft Section 933 report, the remaining beach quality sand
will be placed along approximately 25,600 linear feet of the westernmost shoreline of Oak Island
and along approximately 10,600 linear feet of the eastern shoreline of Holden Beach. Placement
Will be made in accordance with the template agreed to among the Corps, NCDENP, and the
affected beach communities and cost shared at the rate of 65 percent Federal (currently estimated
at S6,500,000) and 35 percent non -Federal (currently estimated at $3,500,000). The final in -
place fill.volume along the cost shared reach of Oak Island is expected to range between
1,272,000 cubic yards and 1,590,000 cubic yards. The final in -place fill volume along the cost
shared reach of Holden Beach is expected to range between 528,000 cubic yards and 660,000
cubic yards. The communities will provide all required easements at no cost -to the Project.

After construction of the Smith Island and Bald Head Island Shoal portions of the project,
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers will conduct periodic maintenance dredging of the navigation
channels. The disposal ofall beach quality dredged material will be accomplished in accordance
with the Environmental Assessment of Preconstruction Modifications of Authorized
Improvements, Wilmington Harbor, North Carolina, dated February 2000 and its Sand
Management Plan (Appendix A), and the Wilmington Harbor Monitoring Plan
(enclosed and incorporated by reference). The associated disposal will be as called for therein,
namely:
Year 2: Placement at Bald Head Island (estimated @ IMcy)
Year 4: Placement at Bald Head Island (estimated @ 1 Mcy)
Year 6. Placement at Caswell Beach and easternmost end of Oak Island
(estimated @ I Mcy).
This disposal cycle is planned for the life of the project_ As provided on page. 8 of the
Environmental Assessment and on page 12 of the sand management plan, in some cases problem
shoaling involving small quantities of sand may develop in the channel between regular dredging
events, making use. of a pipeline dredge unfeasible and the sand may need to be deposited in the
ocean disposal area.
Prior to each disposal operation at either the Village of Bald Head Island, or Caswell
Beach, or the easternmost shoreline of Oak Island, the community receiving the sand may
provide advance guidance to the Corps regarding placement distributions and fill template
design. The Corps will follow that guidance to the maximum extent practicable.
The Corps will conduct a monitoring program as referred to in the Environmental
Assessment and Sand Management PIan, and as set out in the Wilmington Harbortonitoring
Plan, which is enclosed and incorporated by reference. An annual report will be prepared, as
described in the Monitoring Plan. The Corps will use this monitoring data to evaluate and adjust
the Sand Management Plan, as determined necessary, after coordination with interested parties.
All initial and future disposal activities at the.Village of Bald Head Island, Caswell
Beach, and easternmost Oak Island, (as described in the Environmental Assessment and its Sand
Management Plan, and in the Wilmington Harbor Monitoring Plan) will be at no cost to either .
community.
If the Project causes significant adverse effects on adjacent beaches, the Corps and the
Sponsor will respond by adjusting the Sand Management Plan, after consultation with interested
parties. If the Project causes significant adverse effects that cannot be dealt with by

-4-
modifications to the Sand Management Plan, the Corps and the Sponsor AZll promptly seek and
use their best efforts to implement appropriate corrective measures, such as additional
nourishment, subject to consistency review.
Our current schedule for. execution of the FONSI is June 14, 2000. Our current schedule
for our higher headquarters approval of the draft Section 933 Evaluation Report is July 31, 2000.
We cxpect to award a contract to construct the inshore reaches of the Ocean Bar entrance
channel on or about November 15, 2000. We are moving prudently but aggressively to make
this important Project a reality.
The support of the members of the Brunswick Beaches Consortium and our Project
sponsor represented by?N3r.-John Morris in optimizing this unique opportunity for nourishing
you: beaches has been wise, energetic, and timely. We salute your efforts and look forward to
continued close coordination through to the successful completion and operation of the Project
and the associated beneficial use of beach quality sand.
Sincerely,
"- James W. DeLony
Colonel, U.S. Army
District Engines: .
Enclosures
Copies Furnished:.
Mr. Jchn .N. Morris, Director
Division of Water Resources
North Carolina Department of F--ivironment
and : iatural Resources
1611 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, -North Carolina 27699-1613
Ms. Donna D. Mofnn, Director
Division of Coastal Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment and ?Natural Resources
1639 Mail Service Center
Raleigh. North Carolina 27699-1638