Land Use Plan-1981

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J/ THE LAND USE PLAN S f
of WINTON, NORTH CAROLINA:
N E C(' :K 1980-1990. +`
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PROPERTY OF
DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
' PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
October 5, 1981
77
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mown of `Winton
CARTZR W. 1ONZS
H.T•r Telephone [phone]
'°"`" ""°" Wnton. North i?arolina 27986
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October 5, 1981
Cemmlubnrn:
•ULYSSES C. HALL
rLETCHER LASSITER
WESLEY LIVEKMAN
CLAYTON ►ILAHO
THOMAS L. POPE
Mr. J. Parker Chesson, Jr.
Chairman
Coastal Resources Camdssion
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611
Dear Mr. Chesson:
Pursuant to the public hearing held on October 5, 1981 as advertised in
THE NEWS -HERALD newspaper on September 3, 1981, this plan was adopted by
the Cacmissioners of the Tbwn of Winton. We hereby submit it to the
Coastal Resources CamAssion for your certification review.
Sincerely,
Carter W.
Mayor
FW/jr
I

THE LAND USE PLAN OF THE TOWN OF WINTON: 1990
Winton, North Carolina
PREPARED BY: The Town Board of Commissioners
Carter W. Jones, Mayor
_ Commissioners:
Ulysses G. Hall
Fletcher Lassiter
Wesley Liverman
Clayton Piland
Thomas L. Pope
Joyce Sexton, Town Clerk
14ITH TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FROM:
Planning and Design Associates, P.A.
3515 Glenwood Ave.
Ralei.gh, NC 27612 [phone]
Consultants: Rex H. Todd, MRP, Project Manager; Nancy Lane, MA;
Terry Alford, MRP, AIA; Arden Holdredge, AICP; Walter Sawyer;
Dick George, BS; Keith Wilder, B. Arch; Graham Adams, MLA;
Gina Moore; and Janet Roberts.
The preparation of this plan was financed in part through a grant provided by
the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the
Office of Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
The Town of Winton contributed cash and in -kind services.

Table of Contents
Section
I. Introduction
II. Policy Discussions, Selection, and Implementation Strategies
A. Overview
B. Resource Protection
C. Resource Production
D. Economic and Community Development
E. Continuing Public Participation
F. Other Specified Issues
G. Consistency with Land Use Ordinances & CAMA Improvement
Plans and Budgets
H. Related Plans, Policies, and Regulations
.I. Intergovernmental Coordination and Implementation
J. Public Participation
III. Land Classification Map and Policy Relationships
IV. Information Base for Policy Discussion
A. Establishment of Information Base
B. Present Conditions and Economy
C. Existing Land Use Analysis
D. Current Plans, Policies, and Regulations
E. Constraints: Land Suitability
F. Constraints: Capacity of Community Facilities (Discuss)
G. Estimated Demand
V. Appendix
Page
1
6
6
7
24
29
39
41
41
41
41
42
43
48
49
51
55
61
70
72
83
M.

LIST OF EXHIBITS
Winton Location Map
Fragile Areas Map
Hazardous Areas Map
Commercial Forestry Land, Hertford County
Inventory of Historic Places
Existing Land Use
Land Classification
Citizen Participation Request
Existing Land Use
'.later Facilities Map
Wastewater Facilities Map, Alternative 1
Proposed Wastewater Treatment Facility Map
Mastewater Treatment Location Map
page
2
8
8
18
20
25
44
50
56
73
75
77
78

I. INTRODUCTION:
Why Plan for Winton's Future?
Winton was established as the County Seat of Hertford County in 1764 and
incorporated asa Town in 1787. Located on the Chowan River, it was the
first area of Hertford County to experience commercial growth, as a center
for waterborne transportation exports and imports. (see map page'2).
Its setting on the shores of the Chowan and its historic heritage still make
Winton a pleasant home for 825 people, at the heart of a township which
contains 2007 more persons. The location of new industries and an increase in.
the governmental sector provide opportunities for growth in this small
farming community.
Because of its historic role and continuing importance to Hertford County,
the Town of Winton has double incentive to plan seriously for its future.
The Town Board of Commissioners has been about community development projects
for several years, and presents this CAMA Land Use Plan as its first policy
instrument for directing development decisions in the future. Already in
place are impressive community facilities projects such as the new public
water system, and application for the installation of an innovative alternative
(land based) wastewater treatment system. The Town's Zoning Ordinance
provides a basis for enforcement of the Board's land use decisions. The
Town has developed, but not adopted, subdivision regulations, and has applied
for funding to update its ordinances toward implementation of this plan.
The Town realizes that if it is to provide for its present and future citizens,
Winton must systematically tackle some increasingly complicated problems,
including:
How to promote more farming, attract light industry, and stimulate
business and local employment.
How to guide and encourage development
projects in the area without harming
character.
of second homes and other recreational
the Town's natural and historic
How to protect its areas of Environmental Concern, particularly the Chowan
River.
It is in wake of these challenges that the Town Board offers this 1981
CAMA Land Use Plan.

HERTFORD COUNTY
coumy Kly
3E

B. What is the Winton Land Use Plan?
This document, then, is the pivotal statement of policy for use by local,
state, and federal officials in decisions regarding Winton's development over
the next 10 years. Additionally, it is an important piece in the land
planning efforts of Hertford County and an important element in the state's
plan for the rational and co-ordinated management of coastal resources.
The Coastal Area Management Act establishes a base for protection of areas
of statewide concern within the coastal area. In the Winton planning district,
estuarine waters andshorelines have been designated for such protection and
are addressed specifically in Section II below.* The Act also, through its
guidelines for land use planning (15 NCAC 7B), sets forth important principles
of land use planning which have been emphasized in this document:
This plan has environmental protection as a priority in
its awn, right, while at the same time, advocates appropriate
economic and community development.
2. This plan is based upon real citizen participation in the
planning process, through the Winton Town Board, citizen survey,
and public meetings.
3. This plan has a strong action orientation. Policies are stated
as desired situations toward which the Town Board is willing
to work.
4. This plan is a sound basis for continuation of earlier work in
Winton to improve the community for those who live and visit there.
Based upon these principles, then, Section II goes directly to -the heart of
the Plan --policy discussion. Here, a brief description of issues, alternative
policies, chosen policies, and implementation statements are presented.
Section III features the Land Classification Map which translates these
policies into future desired land use patterns and discusses the relationships
between the Land Classification Map and the policy statements in Section II.
Even though Winton does not have extra -territorial jurisdiction, the Town
did classify lands outside its corporate limits, as shown in this section.
Section IV presents in more detail the information base upon which the policies
and Land Classification Map have been developed. The elements of this section
are outlined in the Table of Contents.
Finally, Section V is an appendix which presents miscellaneous exhibits
regarding submission and adoption of the Plan.
Before getting into the policy discussion, it is important to review the
uses of this document. After all is said and planned, it is only the use
of this document which will make it a reality in the Town of Winton and its
unofficial planning area.
*These waters also fall under the classification of "public trust waters"
as presented in Section II.

4
C. What Are the Uses of the land Use Plan?
Land use plans which are prepared by local governments in the
coastal area are distributed widely, and have many uses. .Those reviewing
and using the plans are local governments, regional councils of government,
state and federal permitting agencies and public and private funding and
development groups.
The discussion of policies, the land classification map and the -
relationship of the two serve as the basic tools for coordinating policies,
standards, regulations and other government activities at the local, state .
and federal levels. The coordination is described by three applications:
(a) The policy discussion and the land classification map encourage
coordination and consistency between local land use policies
and the state and federal governments. The local land use plans
-are the principal policy guides for governmental decisions and
activities which affect land uses in the coastal area.
(b) The local land use plans provide a framework for budgeting,
planning and for the provision and expansion of community
facilities such as water and sewer systems, schools and roads.
(c) The local land use plans will aid in better coordination of
regulatory policies and decisions by describing the local land
use policies and designating specific areas for certain types
of activities.
Local Government Uses - Counties and municipalities should use the
local land use plans in their day to day decision making and in planning
for the future. The land use plans should provide guidance in local
policy decisions relating to overall community development. The plans
also provide the basis for development regulations and capital facility
planning and budgeting. By identifying how the community prefers to
grow, land use plans help to assure the best use of tax dollars as
public utilities can be extended to areas designated for development
necessitating public services.
Regional uses - The regional councils of government or planning and
development commissions use the local land use plans as the basis for
their regional plans and in their function as regional clearinghouse
(A-95) for state and federal funding programs. The local plans indicate
to these regional agencies what types of development the local
community feels are important and where the development should take
place.
State and Federal Government Uses - Local land use plans. are used as
the major criteria in granting or denial of permits for various develop-
ments within the coastal area. State and federal agencies must be sure
that their decisions consider the policies and land classification
system which are described by the local governments in their plans. The
Coastal Area Management Act stipulates that no development permit may
be issued if the development is inconsistent with the local land use
plans. Similarly, decisions relating to the use of federal or state

5
funds within coastal counties, and towns and projects being undertaken
by state and federal agencies themselves must also be consistent with
the local plans. State agencies also use the plans in their A-95 review.
It is thus vitally important that local governments take the opportunity
to be as definitive as possible in developing their policy statements
and land classification system to minimize interpretive decisions on the
part of state and federal review, permit and funding agencies.

0
II. POLICY DISCUSSION AND STATEMENTS
A. Overview.
"Policy" is most simply defined as an expressed set of adopted statements
which are to be used to guide future decisions. Taken together, and adjusting
them for interrelationships., policies constitute a broad development
direction for the future and may be embodied in the heart of the. plan.
The following policies, then, represent desired states or "goals" toward
which the Board of Commissioners and the citizens of the Town of Winton are
willing to work. These particular policies were chosen after careful analysis
of published data, responses to the citizen survey, analysis of current
plans, policies, and programs, and work sessions of the Town Board. From
this work, issues were identified, prioritized, and shaped by the Town Board,
and preferred policies were selected.
Their work is presented below in the five major categories of policy
discussion outlined by the Office of Coastal Management: resource protection,
resource production, economic and community development, citizen participa-
tion, and special issues.
For each issue, this section presents:
a definition of the scope and summary of the importance of the
issue in the locality (more detailed information may be found
in Section IV).
the alternative policies that have been considered for the
issue.
a description of how the local policy will be implemented.
With this understanding, we turn to the first category of issues, Resource
Protection.

r�
B. Resource Protection.
In accordance with the CAMA guidelines for land use planning, the following
issues are identified for policy discussion within the resource protection
category for the Town of Winton:
Areas of Environmental Concern (Estuarine Waters which 'overlap w?'k
Public Trust Waters and Estuarine Shorelines.)
Areas of Environmental Concern (Estuarine Waters which overlap with
Constraints to Development (Water quality, inadequate wastewater treatment,
shoreline erosion, flood proneness, poor soils, and steep slopes)
Specific Local Resource Development Issues ( prime farmland, forest land)
Other Hazardo4s or Fragile Land.Areas (Cultural and Historic Resources, and
Man -Made Hazards)
Hurricane and Flood Evacuation Needs and Plans
1. Areas of Environmental Concern.
The designation and regulation of critical resource areas is one of the major
purposes of the Coastal Area Management Act. The 1974 Legislature found
that "the coastal area, and in particular the estuaries, are among the most
biologically productive regions of this state and of the nation," and in
recent ears the area "has been subjected to increasing pressures which are
the result of the often conflicting needs of the society expanding in
industrial development, in population, and in the recreational aspirations
of its citizens." The Act further states that, "unless these pressures
are controlled by co-ordinated management, the very features of the coast
which make it economically, aesthetically, and ecologically rich will be
destroyed."
Through a subsequent nomination process, Interim Areas of Environmental
Concern (IAECs) were reviewed by the Coastal Resources Commission and 13
categories of AECs were proposed for final designation. These are explained
in detail in 15 NCAC 7H.
The following map shows the three categories of AECs in the Winton planning
jurisdiction:
Estuarine Waters which overlap with Public Trust Waters and Estuarine Shorelines.

* Also designated as Public Trust Waters.

Estuarine waters are defined in G.S. 11 3A-113 (b) (2) as "all the water of
the Atlantic ocean within the boundary of North Carolina and all the waters
of the bays, sounds, rivers, and tributaries thereto seaward of the dividing
line between coastal fishing waters and inland fishing waters, as set forth
in an agreement adopted by the Wildlife Resources Commission and the Department
of Natural Resources and Community Development filed with the Secretary of
State, entitled 'Boundary Lines, North Carolina Commercial Fishing -- Inland
Fishing Waters,' revised to March 1, 1965."
Estuarine waters are the dominant component and bonding element of the entire
estuarine system, integrating aquatic influences from both the land and the
sea. Estuaries are among the most productive natural environments of North
Carolina. They support the valuable commercial and sports fisheries of the
coastal area which are comprised of estuarine dependent species such as
menhaden, flounder, shrimp, crabs, and oysters. These species must spend
all or some part of their life cycle within the estuarine waters to mature
and reproduce. Of the 10 leading species in the commercial catch, all but
one are dependent on the estuary.
This high productivity associated with the estuary results from its unique
circulation patterns caused by tidal energy, fresh water fl(xl, and shallow
depth; nutrient trapping mechanisms; and protection to the many organisms.
The circulation of estuarine waters transports nutrients, propels plankton,
spreads seed stages of fish and shellfish, flushes wastes from animal and
plant life, cleanses the system of pollutants, controls salinity, shifts
sediments, and mixes the water to create a multitude of habitats. Some important
features of the estuary include mud and sand flats, eel grass beds, salt marshes,
submerged vegetation flats, clam and oyster beds, and important nursery areas.
Secondary benefits include the stimulation of the coastal economy from the
spin off operations required to service commercial and sports fisheries,
waterfowl hunting, marinas, boatyards, repairs and supplies, processing
operations, and tourist related industries. In addition, there is considerable
nonmonetary value associated with aesthetics, recreation, and education.
As noted above, the designation of estuarine waters overlaps with "public
trust waters", Section .0207 of 15 NCAC 7H states that such waters are
important to the Town, as well as to the CRC, because the public has access
rights and use rights of these areas for navigation and recreation.
Additionally, these waters have aesthetic value and are commercially important
resources for economic development.
Currently, protection of the estuarine waters and public trust waters has
been achieved through thoughtful monitoring of commercial activity farther
north and enforcement of permit authority by the CAMA permit officer.
This level of concern should be maintained in the future resulting in the
prohibition of additional point sources of pollution into the Chowan River.

10
The third type of AEC in the Winton planning area is estuarine shoreline.
Although characterized as dry land, they are considered a component of the
estuarine system because of the close association with .the adjacent estuarine
waters.
Estuarine shorelines are those non -ocean shorelines which are especially
vulnerable to erosion, flooding, or other adverse effects of wind and water
and are intimately connected to the estuary. This area extends from the mean
high water level or normal water level along the estuaries, sounds, bays,
and brackish waters as set forth in an agreement adopted by the Wildlife
Resources Commission and the Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development (described in Regulation .0206 (a) of 15 NOAC 7H) for a distance
of 75 feet landward.
Development within estuarine shorelines influences the quality of estuarine
life and is subject to the damaging processes of shore front erosion and
flooding.
Alternatives considered in dealing with both AEC's include: allowing no
development in AEC's; attempting to better enforce regulations that the
State places upon AEC's; and amending the Town's Zoning Ordinance.
Goal: To safeguard and perpetuate the biological, social, economic, and
aesthetic value of the estuarine waters and shoreline inside the Town of Minton
and its planning area.
Objective 1:
To permit only those uses in estuarine waters and' Public Trust Waters which
are demonstratively consistent with the goal in the following priority:
conservation; development activities which require water access and
cannot function elsewhere.
Implementation Strategies.
Adopt the following lists of permitted uses as official Town policy
to be used in the granting of CAr4A permits; with regard to;
estuarine waters:
access channels
structures to prevent erosion
navigation channels
boat docks
marinas
piers
wharfs
mooring pilings
Adopt the list of permitted uses and specific use standards for public
Trust Waters, outlined in .0207 of 15 NCAC 7H including:
navigational channels
hydraulic drr_dginr
drainage ditches
non-agricultural drainage
marinas
docks and piers
bulkheads and shore stabilization measures.

11
Adopt the following additional permitted use:.
public access boat ramp at a specified location which provides
adequate parking, is sufficiently distant from commercial docks,
and produces environmental impacts consistent with Objective 1
above.
Adopt the following list of non -permitted uses:
restaurants and other businesses
residences, apartments, and trailer parks
private roads and highways
parking lots
other uses which are not water dependent
Revise zoning ordinance in cooperation with County officials to grant
the Town of Winton zoning and subdivision jurisdiction over the planning
area, including the area of Hertford County occupied by the Chowan River
(to the centerline).
Designate the Chowan River as "conservation" on the Land Classification
Map and append it to the zoning ordinance so as to use it in
deliberations regarding proper development.
Continue to support the State Task Force for improving the quality
of water in the Chowan River.
Objective 2:
To protect the dynamic nature of estuarine shorelines and the values
of the estuarine system from improper development.
Implementation Strategies.
Adopt the following lists of permitted uses and non -permitted uses
as official Town policy to be used in the granting of CAMA permits:
Permitted Uses:
conservation activities
recreational activities
agricultural activities
commercial forestry
public access boat ramp, as described under Objective 1 above.
Non -permitted Uses:
industrial uses
commercial enterprises other than those connected to uses permitted
in estuarine waters
trailer parks
residences
Otherwise abide by the use standards of 15 NQAC 7H (see Appendix
Section V below).
Designate estuarine shorelines as conservation areas on the Land
Classification Map and append it to the zoning ordinance so as to
use it in deliberations regarding development decisions.
Revise zoning ordinance in cooperation with County officials to
grant the Town of Winton zoning and subdivision jurisdiction of the
planning area. N

12
2. Constraints to Development.
Inadequate Wastewater Treatment.
The Town of Winton presently operates a 0.060 MGO trickling filter type
wastewater treatment facility that discharges into the Chowan River, a Class
"B" stream. The existing treatment facility consists of a screen, Imhoff
tank, trickling filter, post chlorination, and sludge drying beds. The operating
condition of the treatment facility is very poor. The trickling filter dosing
tank does not operate properly, which results in ineffective operation of
the filter, as desirable filter growth cannot be maintained. The
treatment facility also becomes hydraulically overloaded during periods of
heavy rainfall. Furthermore, the existing wastewater treatment facility
is not capable of meeting the effluent limitations for discharge to the
Chowan River as determined by the North Carolina Division of Environmental
Management.
The existing wastewater collection system is inadequate to the extent that
municipal sewer service is not available to a high potential area of developr..ent
south of Town between U.S. Highway #13-Business and the Old Cofield Road in
which the Town is considering for annexation. This area cannot be developed
to its fullest potential with the use of septic tanks for wastewater disposal,
as the extended high groundwater table of the area makes disposal of the
wastewater with septic tanks and nitrification fields, a potentially high
health.hazard. Furthermore, the Town has an obligation to provide sewer
service to,all annexed areas.
Alternatives considered include: construction of a new secondary wastewater
treatment facility on a site approximately 4,000 feet east of the Town, and
an innovative alternative (land -based) system some 4000 feet west of the Town.
Goal: To adequately handle the wastewater in the Town of Winton.
Objective:
To provide adequate public facilities for wastewater treatment in the
Town limits through the year 2000.
Implementation Strategy.
Continue pursuit of EPA 201 for monies, design, and then, construction
of the proposed land -based system some 4000 feet west of the Town.
(see Section IV.F, page 71).

13
b. Soils
According to the March 1978 Special Soil Survey Report of Hertford County,
prepared by the Soil Conservation Service, almost all of the soils in the
Winton planning area impose serious limitations to residential, commercial,
and industrial development. As shown on a detailed map in that document, all
but three small pockets of 111arlboro fine sandy loam and Norfolk loamy fine
sand are severely limited for use for septic tank absorption fields. The
primary soil groups in the planning area are the Lenoir and Craven groups which
characteristically have a seasonally high water table, varying from six inches
to three feet below the surface and very slow perculation rates.
The primary soil groups, Lenoir and Craven, impose severe limitation on building
foundations and street construction. Costly fill materials are often necessary
for any small commercial construction.
Alternative policies considered by the Board range from designating areas
with particularly poor drainage and high water table as "conservation", thereby
not allowing their development and thereby foregoing public health problems;
doing nothing; and directing improvements like water and sewer away from areas
Which have poor soils, thereby directing higher density development toward
better soils.
Goal: To direct development with proper consideration of soils.
Ob tive:
To permit development in areas of unsuitable soils at a lacer density and
in such a manner as to minimize detrimental impact to soil resources and
to the development itself.
Implementation Strategies.
Utilize Hertford County soil survey to identify areas of soils with
limitations for septic tanks located outside of the sewer service area.
Obtain technical assistance from the N.C. Department of Natural Resources
and Community Development as a cooperating agency in the Hertford County
Soil Survey Program.
Revise Zoning Ordinance to require one acre lots (minimum) in areas
where soils are unsuitable for septic tanks.
Utilize Hertford County Soil Survey to identify areas where clay
soils pose severe limitations for foundations. Alert Building Inspector
to these areas so that appropriate construction techniques can be used.
Require submission of the preliminary plat to the Hertford County Soil
and Water Conservation District for technical comments, which become
part of the Town Council's decision to approve the preliminary plat.

14
c. Areas Subject to Flooding.
As shown on the Hazardous Areas Map, oak -leaf shaped flood prone areas are
located along the shores of the Chowan River. These areas are primarily
ravines, which otherwise make development more difficult and expensive.
Alternatives regarding development of these areas included allowing well
designed residential and recreational uses in these areas and establishing
them as conservation areas.
Goal: To protect areas prone to severe flooding from improper development.
Objective:
To equip the Town Board to better influence the types of development inside
areas which are flood prone.
Implementation Strategy.
Revise the Zoning Ordinance to include a floodway district as shown
on the Hazard Areas Map. Language should be incorporated which
clearly limits density and specifies that only residential and
recreational uses are to be permitted.

15
d. Areas With Slopes Greater than 12%.
Areas with steep slopes greatly increase the expense of development and often
border areas which are otherwise environmentally sensitive.
In Winton, as shown on the Fragile Areas Map, areas with slopes greater than
12% are found along the Chowan River and minor waterways that drain into the
Chowan.
Alternatives considered by the Town Board include prohibiting development and
limiting it to low density residential and recreational uses, such as hiking.
Goal: To protect areas of greater than 12% slope from improper development.
Objective:
To direct development accordingly.
Implementation Stratqy.
Modify the Town's Zoning Ordinance to permit only single family residences
in such areas, providing proper construction standards, erosion control
requirements, and other protective assurances.
0

3. Specific Local Resource Development Issues: Prime Farm Land
and Forest Land.
a. Prime Farm Land.
Though not indicated by analysis of available soils data, much of the land
within the one mile district does qualify as "prime farm land".1 As
noted in the Town Board discussions, all the land in the area has good crop
growing characteristics, and will be referred to below as "productive" rather
than "prime", which is a narrower technical category.
This resource is worth good management. Without proper attention to such
areas, the Town will have no basis for directing the preservation, production,
and development pressures it will face in the future.
Alternative policies considered include adopting the Land Classification Map
clearly designating "rural" areas so as to protect "productive farm land";
status quo; and revise the Zoning Ordinance to set aside areas now used for
farming.
Goal: To appropriately preserve productive farm land in a manner which also
accommodates the best mix of other uses in the Town limits and inside the one
mile area.
Ob.iective:
To develop an active strategy for protecting productive farm land.
Implementation Strategies.
Reduce taxes on productive farm land, if financially feasible, and
provide retroactive tax penalties for conversion to other uses as
per N.C. Statute. (The use value taxation for farm land is not based
on the "prime" farm land definition.)
.lassify agricultural lands as "rural" in the Land Classification Map
prohibiting the extension of urban services into prime agricultural
lands.
Otherwise, discourage extension of public services and facilities into
prime, farm land through capital budgeting, the A-95 review process,
adoption of the Land Use Plan, and other mechanisms.
1Tom Ellis, N.C. Department of Agriculture, in
Letter to Gaile Pittman, June 30, 1981.

17
b. Prime Forest Land.
As shown on the following map, a considerable amount of land inside the one -
mile area is owned by a commercial forestry company. These resource areas
should be managed properly so as to protect their contribution to the environment
as well as the area's economy.
Alternatives considered by the Town Board included undertaking measures which
would channel forestation into areas away from community development and farm
production, and leaving the control of commercial forestation to the owners.
Goal: To protect the areas now potentially usable for commercial forestry.
Objective:
To equip the Town Board to direct community facilities and other uses
away from areas best suited for commercial forestry.
Implementation Strategy.
Establish a special land classification category of "rural -forestry"
which designates areas currently axined by commercial foresters, and
use it to make decisions regarding proposed development in those areas.

�_.
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HERTFORD COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
Holdings of Union Camp Corporation
source: J.C. Davis, Franklinton, Va 3/1/81
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19
4. Other Hazardous or Fragile Land Areas.
a. Cultural, Historic, and Archeological Resources.
While Winton has fewer known cultural, historic and archeological resources,
it is nevertheless important to consider such potential resources in planning
for the future.
Of notable cultural significance is the Ray C. Brown School, which has an
auditorium that dates back to the turn of the century. Originally founded as
a school for Blacks, the school today has been named by the North Carolina
Museum of Art to house the permanent collection of Hertford County Indian
artifacts. The area is home for the Meherin Indians.
As shown on the inventory of.historically significant properties below, only
the Mitchell House has been officially designated.
Regarding archaeological resources, there are no sites recorded within the
corporate limits of Winton. A systematic survey has never been conducted
to identify and assess the significance of unknown resources. Surveys
have been conducted east and west of the town proper in conjunction with the
construction of proposed wastewater treatment plants. One report states that
all uplands on the west bank of the Chowan River should be considered very
likely to contain prehistoric and colonial period archaeological sites.
Alternative policies considered with regard to these resources, included
upgrading an effort to nominate other properties as historically significant,
applying for a grant to conduct a thorough survey of such properties, and
establishing a historic district and commission, and paying particular
attention to unkown archaeological resources in development decisions.
Goal: To guide development so that it protects the historic and archaeologic
known and potentially valuable properties in Winton and perpetuate its cultural
heritage and atmosphere of the community.
Objective_ and Implementation Strategies:
To bolster protective and restorative efforts among owners of potentially
historic properties as a revitalization strategy by 1985.
Where appropriate, make use of investment tax credits, rapid amortization,
.and accelerated depreciation benefits to private owners of historic
properties.
Determine state, local, and federal protection mechanisms which are now
being utilized and discern which should be incorporated.
Promote commercial adaptation of historic properties as needed for
restaurants and guest homes as designated in the transition and developed
sections of the Land Classification Map.
Objective and Implementation Strategies:
o preserve kncwi, and unknown arcnaeo.ogicai resources in riinton.
Develop better coordination between the N.C. Division of Archives and
History regarding its activities inside the town limits.
Enhance the powers of the Town Board for consideration of unknown
archaeological resources, particularly on properties sited for demolition
and excavation.

20
TOWN OF WINTON
NORTH CAROLINA
Inventory of Historic Places
'Y' marks the James '•itchell House

21
Man -Made Hazards
As shown on the preceding Hazardous Areas Map, the major man-made hazards in
the planning area are dilapidated structures, an old water tower, the aluminum
industry, its industrial storage tank, and a bridge barricade of the old main
street on the Chowan River.
Alternatives considered by the Town Board included leaving the dilapidated
buildings, conducting a colunteer demolition campaign with proper consideration
for unkown historic and archaeological significance,.and using the powers
of municipal and state government to have them removed to promote health
and safety.
Goal: To rid the Town of selected man-made hazards, particularly the
dilapidated and vacant structures, with proper consideration for unknown
historic and archaeological significance.
Objective:
To equip the Town to deal with the current structures and to better deal
with man-made hazard issues which might accrue in the future.
Implementation Strategies.
Make a special appeal to owners of such property, such as inviting
them to a special meeting of the Town Board to discuss their plans for
improving or demolishing the units. Investigate, and if possible
determine, the historic and archaeological significance of particularly
old structures be considered befoer demolition. Acquire technical
assistance from the N.C. Division of Archives and History.
To engage the local fire department or a local civic group to work
with owners to secure permission to demolish and/or burn the units.
Use the state building code regarding the establishment of a county
or town ordinance which would equip the Town to put a lien on the
property and thereby recover the cost of demolition in order to have
the lien removed.
Ascertain the existence of a model ordinance which is in effect (the
state housing code, Section 10. C. 2.5) and incorporate this language
into the Town's Zoning Ordinance.

22
c. Excessive Erosion.
In addition to the sites shown on the hazard areas map, excessive erosion
has been noted inside the planning area.
Factors contributing to erosion, generally are fetch (the distance over which
water reaches into the land mass), exposure, windtides, soil, bank height, and
land use, with fetch and exposure being the greatest factors. Northeast and
southeast exposures are worse, with the worst erosion on exposed banks producing
danger of high bank overhang.
Alternative policies considered include better enforcement of the 75 foot 'set back'
from the Chowan River; and requiring erosion control measures from high
density developers on shorelines.
Goal: To restrict the increase and the rate of erosion of the shores of
the Chowan River.
Objective:
To require that development occurring near shorelines, subject to erosion,
be set back from the shoreline a distance determined adequate to minimize
the effect of development on erosion or require that appropriate measures
be undertaken to stabilize the shoreline where such development cccurs.
Implementation Strategies.
Adopt the list of permitted uses and use standards for areas designated
as estuarine AEC's as a base upon which to establish a Town Policy
for reducing erosion.
Revise the Subdivision Regulations to require that any subdivisions
with riverfront property be reouired to provide appropriate erosion
control measures prior to final plan approval.
Revise Zoning Ordinance to require appropriate erosion control measures
for mobile homes parks located on shoreline (now zoned RR and C and
RA-20 in the County. See attached zoning map section IV.F).

23
5. Hurricane and Flood Evacuation Needs and Plans.
The Town of Winton is well equipped to respond to early warnings from ensuing
disasters. The Hertford County Hurricane Evacuation and Shelter Plan (Oct. 1980)
is already in effect. The Town of Winton is familiar with this plan and its
designation of the C.S. Brown School as a shelter. The Board supports this plan
and pledges its support in the future.
The Hazard Areas Map shows the areas within the planning district which are
subject to flooding by storm tides. These areas have a 1-in-100 chance, on the
average, of being inundated during any year. As shown there, the Town is
relatively safe from flooding (note high concentration of developed units in
the non -flood prone area).

24
C. Resource Production.
In accordance with the CAMA Guidelines for land use planning, the importance
of agriculture, commercial forestry, mining, fisheries and recreational resources
are presented below, identifying the most productive areas, with discussion
of the values of making these areas more productive.
Based upon the citizens' survey, available data, and the Town Board work sessions,
Winton's most productive resources are agriculture, potential forestry production,
and commercial fisheries, and are addressed with explicit policies. Potential .
recreational fisheries, existing commercial forest lands, potential and existing
• mineral production, and off -the -road vehicles were designated as insignificant
in the planning area and are merely discussed.
1. Productive Agriculture Lands.
Agriculture is by far the single most productive resource area in the county.
Fully three fourths of all the land in tracts over ten acres are devoted
to some type of productive effort. One-third of this total is directly
allocated to harvested cropland.
The Soil Conservation Service, in its designation of prime farmlands in North
Carolina, defined prime farmland as:
"land best suited for producing food, feed, fiber, forage
and oilseed crops. It has soil of good qualities (free of
stones and gravel, lacks wetness or other limiting features),
growing season, and moisture supply needed to produce
high yields year after year".*
Their map suggests that Hertford County is at the northeastern end of the line
of the most productive agricultural land in North Carolina. The stable growth
rate projected for Hertford County over the next decade should present very
little threat to this significant amount of prime agricultural land.
Making the area around Winton agriculturally productive is important because
of the agricultural heritage of the area, the fact that jobs are limited, and
that such activity has limited implications for surrounding types of land uses.
These implications include traffic problems from slow moving machinery, possible
erosion, and fertilizer leaching into the river. However, none of the problems
are significant in Winton. Agricultural lands, especially those which are
cleared, have suitable soils and experience considerable pressure for development
other than agricultural.
Policies considered for making these areas more productive include those outlined
in the resource protection section above; working with owners of vacant
agricultural land inside the Town limits to sell for community and economic
Development uses so as to channel agricultural production to better suited
land outside the downtown; annexing additional residential area so that the
Town's tax burden could be shifted from agricultural lands to more intense
users of urban services.
* While much of the farm land around Winton qualifies for the designation of
"prime", it is well suited for other important agricultural uses including
pasture and feed lot activities for livestock. In order to promote these uses,
the word "prime" should be read as "productive" in this Plan.

sz

26
Goal: To maintain the agricultural production in the one -mile area.
Objective:
To maximize the productiveness of agricultural land, especially that
designated as prime, and to control the location of conversion of
agricultural land to residential and other uses.
Implementation Strategies.
Develop enforcement mechanisms, such as revising the Zoning
Ordinance in compliance with the Land Classification Map, to set
aside particular areas as "rural" for agricultural use.
Consider the use of restrictive covenants and deed restrictions
by private property owners selling prime farm land so that purchasers
will be committed to continue using it for peak production.
Develop Town utility extension policy based upon distance from
Town, percentage of the cost of the extension, or targeted cost/
benefit ratio to discourage leap -frog development and to guide
development away from prime agricultural land.
Commercial Forestry Production: Existing and Potential.
New methods in converting hardwood to pulp and sawtimber has increased the
amount of forest production in Hertford County.
The 1976 Land Use Plan suggested that production was exceeding the amount of
land being replanted, which is still true today. Forest products will remain
economically important to the County as long as the quality and quantity of
timbered area exceeds annual harvesting rates.
Currently, there is no large scale commercial forestation occurring in the
planning district of the Town of Winton. The Union Camp Corporation owns
acreage inside the planning area, however, which greatly increases the
likelihood of future commercial harvesting. (see page 18).
The Land Use Map above shows areas now wooded which may warrant designation
for forestry production in the future updates of the plan. Meanwhile,
the Land Classification Map (Section III) shows regard for forestry proauction
through establishment of a special "rural -forestry" category.
Alternative policies considered include those addressed under resource protection
above, adopting a laissez-faire approach to forestry production, and using
municipal power to direct commercial forestry activity into areas best suited
for that production.

e
Goal: To increase the production of commercial forestry around Winton, while
mt to mizing its impacts upon surrounding uses.
Objective:
To develop the potential for commercial forestry only in parts of the
Winton planning area which are not designated for community and economic
development.
Implementation Strategies.
Support existing state and federal programs for managing forestry
resources through cooperation with County officials in directing
commercial forestry into productive areas.
Adopt Land Classification Map as policy guide with emphasis on commercial
for8stdtion. '
3. Commercial and Recreational Fishing.
While fishing has been of some importance to the County in the past, especially
in the spring with the herring migration, it has lost much of its prominence.
The nutrient pollution of the Chowan River has been accompanied by several
outbreaks of red sore disease which has greatly reduced commercial and recreational
fishing. It is likely that this disease will continue to plague the County
until the other problem is corrected. The utilization of the County's
recreational assets are more of a private than commercial nature. The
condition of the Chowan and its normally low summer flows preclude the development
of major water recreation facilities within the County.
Alternatives considered by the Town Board include continuing to work with the
County toward the restoration of the Chowan River to its natural state which
would improve the commercial and recreational fishing opportunities in the
County, and taking no action.
Goal: To enhance the productiveness of commercial fishing activity in the
Chowan River with economic benefits to Winton.
Objective:
To stimulate concerted activity toward this goal.
Implementation Strategies:
Support all federal and state programs dealing with management and
production from commercial fisheries.
Continue to support CHORE in its efforts to refurbish the Chowan River's
potential as a fishing resource.
27

to
4. Existing and Potential Mineral Production.
Discussion with the North Carolina Geological Survey section indicated that
there are no significant mineral deposits in the Winton area. In general,
minerals include the hard minerals (iron, etc.) and peat, phosphate, sand,
limestone, and others in insignificant quantities.
The Town Board thus, determined that mineral production was an insignificant
issue and therefore presents no policy statements in this document thereunto
related.
5. Off -the -Road Vehicles
The Town Board has determined that off -the -road vehicles are not a problem,
nor are they likely to have adverse impact on the value of the area's productive
resources in the future.

W
D. Economic and Community Development
In accordance with the CAMA guidelines for land use planning, the following
issues are identified for policy discussion within the economic and community
development category:
Types of development which the Town of Winton wants to encourage, particularly
regarding redevelopment of older areas and creation of new subdivisions.
Policies on types and locations of industries desired;
local commitment to providing services to development;
types of urban growth patterns desired;
redevelopment of developable areas.
Commitment to federal and state programs in the area;
assistance to channel maintenance and beach nourishment;
energy facility siting and development;
tourism or beach and waterfront access.
Among these issues, local priorities are treated with explicit policy statements,
and others given for discussion only.
1. Types of Development Which the Tavn of Winton Wants to Encourage.
The assessment of Winton's economy represented in the 1975 Industrial Development
Plan is still accurate today. Winton is principally a residential and governmental
community whose residents commute to work. Clinton has the potential to develop
several sides of its character in the future: its residential and governmental
side, its role as an attractive industrial location, and its historic and
cultural flavor.
Qithin the context of this scenario and discussion of the Town's current
economic base, the Town Board, based upon limited data but strong responses
from the January, 1981 citizen's survey, determined the following priorities
for types of development desired:
Light industry to employ local people.
Commercial development, particularly a restaurant.
Permanent residential development.
Agricultural production.
Historic and cultural attractions.
Tourist facilities.
Amidst this array of desired types of development, the Town Board expressed
a strong preference for re -developing the older, already incorporated area
of Town, while promoting a sound strategy for guiding desired other• types in
the remainder.of the planning area.

30
But before Winton can undertake either strategy, it must face the reality that
it has a larger problem stimulating and sustaining development rather than
directing it. Winton has suffered from a dwindling economic -base. As shown
in Section IV, the population has aged considerably since 1970, with household
size dropping and the percentage of males declining. Thus, the impetus of
much of the economic and community development policies which follow is
directed at stimulating appropriate and desired development in an appropriate
pattern.
That pattern is shown on the Land Classification Map in Section III. In
general, the goal is to develop the area currently contained by the Town
limits with residential, commercial, and institutional activities which are
consistent with the history and character of the Town. This means that
other uses, such as agricultural and industrial, are preferred outside the
Town limits, so that the community may grow and develop the.tax base to
stimulate and accommodate desired forms of development in the future.
Also shown on the map is the desire to develop particular sites in the one -
mile planning district with.small business, new subdivisions for permanent
homes, and accommodate light industry and commercial forestry.
Thus, the Town Board adopted the following overall goal for economic and
community development:
Goal: To achieve desired levels, types, and patterns of economic and community
development which are consistent with the historic character of the Town,
raise local employment levels, and otherwise contribute to the local economic'
base, so as to implement the Land Classification Map.
Below,,alternative policies for the categories outlined in the CAMA regulations
are presented, with a choice of policy (stated as an objective for that
particular type of land use). Implementation strategies which the Town Board
selected are presented as well.
2. Type and Location of Industry.
The citizens survey and Town Board recommended that basically any type of
light industry which was non-polluting to the environment and not disruptive
to the character of the Town and which would employ local people would be
acceptable. Textile and shoe manufactories were mentioned, and consideration
given to several others.
The Land Classification Map shows the new preferred location for such an
industry, with clear implications for extending water and wastewater treatment
services to it. Currently, the Town's new water system is available and has
the capacity to accommodate such a light industry. Currently, the lack
of an updated wastewater system in Winton places undue burden upon locating an
industry to furnish its own wastewater treatment. The EPA 201 study will
rectify this situation.

31
Alternative policies considered regarding the issues attracting industries
which are light, clean, and serviceable, and which hire local people, included
working with Hertford County officials to recruit a light industry to the
area; conducting a campaign of the Town's own; applying for state and federal
funds to upgrade the water and wastewater systems so as to become more
attractive to industrialists, and developing promotional materials which
offer Winton as an attractive place for such development.
Objective: -
To promote the location of light industry within the proposed Winton
planning area, subject to certain performance standards, and located
within existing or future designated industrial parks and other designated
sites.
Implementation Strategies:
Cooperate with State and County officials to promote the location
of industry in the county -owned industrial park on US 158.
Consider the development of performace standards for future industrial
development. Such standards should include the definitions of "light
industry" with respect to permitted levels of noise, vibration,
pollution, traffic, and demand upon community facilities; and should
also include standards for future industrial sites in the Winton
planning area.
Undertake housing rehabilitation/demolition programs and programs
to attract new housing and commercial enterprises to the Winton area
in support of creating families of workers at nearby industries.

U
3. Local Commitment to Providing Services for Development.
Currently, the Town of Winton has a small town budget which is ill-equipped
to support much development. Thus, one primary element of any development
strategy is to expand the tax base through annexation and to use other powers
of the local municipality which can help unlock key parcels of land within
the old and new corporate limits.
In the meantime, the Town Board has indicated considerable commitment to
providing such services through improving its water system, undertaking
grantsmanship, and engineering for wastewater.
Alternative policies considered for development of the Town's commitment
for services to development included: additional grantsmanship, extend
the Town limits and otherwise develop the tax base, establish a "partnership"
approach with developers so that cost of service provision is shared in
a supportive but equitable manner, and provide services which f"otter a
proper pattern of development, consistent with the Land Use Plan.
Ob�ject�i ve:
To provide municipal.services to development as an encouragement to
new development in the Winton area, to the extent that provision of
such services is economically feasible.
Implementation Strategies:
Develop written Town policies regarding the extension of water and
sewer services to residents within the Town limits and outside the
Town limits so as to equalize the burden on the Town taxpayers and
to encourage voluntary annexation by development near the Town limits.
Develop Capital Improvements Program to provide for orderly extension
of public services on a scheduled basis with priority for existing
services to developers in the designated Industrial Park.

33
4. Type of Urban Growth Pattern Desired.
The discussion at the beginning of this section reflects upon the Land
Classification Map and describes the pattern of development desired. At the
base of that design or pattern is concern for stimulation, with redevelopment
and development of new subdivisions and industry as keys to completing the
landscape.
The Town Board discussed several alternative policies regarding residential,
commercial and industrial, cultural and institutional, and agricultural and
forestry development patterns. These are summarized under each specific
type below, with chosen policies and implementation strategies.
a. Residential Development Pattern.
Alternatives considered include disregard for location of residences with
regard to whether they are year-round or permanent; leaving the development
of new subdivisions to the market; and strongly promoting the conversion
of land now in the Town limits from agriculture (or vacant) to appropriate
density residential (as well as commercial).
To d�Objective:
permanent residences in the older parts of Town, while
establishing areas for development of multi -family units.
Implementation Strategies:
Conduct a housing market analysis based upon the completed housing
conditions survey, demographic data, and a measure for effective
housing demand.
Revise Zoning Ordinance separate to encourage the development of
private multi -family housing by providing zones where more intensive
development can occur. Develop multi -family zone in addition to R-10.
Revise zoning map to permit mobile homes on individual lots in more
areas.
Revise Subdivision Regulations to provide encouragement for subdivision
development by providing a system of rebates to developers for
installation of water and sewer lines. Monitor the impacts of this
rebate upon the tax burden to other citizens inside the Town.
Inventory potential housing development tracts which are suitable
and might be available for purchase.
Form a Winton Area Housing Development Committee to promote housing
development in the area by working with private sector developers
to promote the development of subdivisions and multi -family complexes
in the Winton area, and to assist local residents in utilizing the
existing housing programs such as those offered by the Farmer's Home
Administration.

J�
Commercial Development Pattern.
Overall, the major theme for commercial development was the desire to keep
the Town small and have shops and accommodations to support the tourists
and hopefully, the growing number of townspeople.
The hopes were founded upon the reality that the only commercial activities
in Winton are service related businesses. These activities include general
merchandise stores, service stations, an ABC store, and gift shops.
Commercial development is to be encouraged in•proximity to where it now exists
(see existing Land Use Map). Such a development pattern is reflected in the
Land Classification Map as.developed and transition.
Alternative policies the Town Board discusses with relation to commercial
patterns included, avoiding strip development, and promoting commercial development
in the old storefronts downtown.
Objective:
To permit commercial development only to the extent that it is designed
to'directly relate other commercial activities, and in the pattern
prescribed in the Land Classification Mao.
Implementation Strategies: (See "e" below)
c. Cultural and Institutional Development Pattern.
As shown on the Existing Land Use Map, the pattern now exhibited by cultural
and historic development is more or less compatible with surrounding land
uses. The Town feels this pattern is desirable if contained in its present
configuration.
Alternative policies considered for location of cultural and historic development
included: a laissez-faire posture since the state,and others external to the
Town,control such uses; better communication with such owners to convey
the letter and spirit of land use planning in the Town related to such
properties; and effective use of the powers of local municipalities to promote
orderly development more consistent with surrounding land uses.
Objective:
To deve op the cultural and institutional land uses in accordance with
the Land Classification Map.
Implementation Strategies: (See "e" below)

35
d. Agricultural and Forestry Development Pattern.
As mentioned under the Resource Protection policy discussion, agriculture
has long been part of the Town of Winton and its planning jurisdiction.
However, the pattern of this type of land use concerns the Town Board and
is seen by some as a barrier to proper development of the older area of Town.
As shown on the Land Use Map approximately one-third of the land area inside
the Town limits is consumed by agriculture (or vacant) land. Much of this
land is zoned residential for development into 15,000 or 20,000 square foot
lots. However, lack of developer interest and lack of willingness to sell,
have constrained the development potential of this important redevelopment
area.
The Town Board feels that agricultural production is better undertaken in the
area outside the city limits, so that more revenue producing residential
and commercial activity may be developed downtown.
In contrast to the agricultural pattern, forestry patterns shown on the
Land Use Map and Land Classification Map render little problem regarding
adjoining land uses at the present.
Alternative policies regarding agricultural and forestry patterns include:
laissez-faire, leaving the sale of such properties to individual owners
regardless of economic impact to the community; development of subdivision
regulations and undertaking a developer recruitment campaign to stimulate
proper development on available tracts now used as agricultural; and using
the powers of the local municipality to effectuate better patterns of such
uses.
Objective:
To concentrate agricultural and forestry uses outside the existing
Town limits as shown on the Land Classification Map.
Implementation Strategies: (see "e" below).
e. Implementation Stratecties_for the Commercial. Cultural. and
Revise Zoning Ordinance in cooperation with County officials to grant
the Town of Winton zoning and subdivision authority for the planning
area. The Town Board would set zoning and subdivision policy for
the Town and the planning area, including zoning amendments and review
and approval of subdivision, while daily administration of the
ordinances would remain the responsibility of the Hertford County
Building Official.
Revise and adopt subdivision, regulations to encourage development
in areas near Town limits which could be served by Town water and
sewer systems.

36
5.. Redevelopment of Developed Areas
The overall strategy of redeveloping the developed area with more urban uses,
while stimulating new subdivisions outside the Town limits, has been articulated
above. This section, will then concentrate upon improving the residential
sector (its pattern and quality of housing stock) in the redeveloped area of
Town.
The housing quality of the older section of Winton has declined as the
population has aged and household size has dropped. As shown on the Hazards
Map, several houses have become dilapidated.
According to the 1980 preliminary census counts, theJown's 353 dwelling units
have grown by 22% since the 1970 census. Considerable residential development
has occurred as will, in the perimeter to the Town. Without annexation
of this development pattern, essential revenues will be lost to the development
potential of the community.
One of the major considerations facing the Town Board is the cost of services
to accommodate development. Concentrated development, of course, greatly reduces
the unit cost of improving the water system or developing needed wastewater
service.' The Town can ill afford to continue to run water lines and run
sewer lines past acres of vacant or agricultural land.
Thus, the major issues regarding redevelopment include: unwillingness to
sell key properties; lack of wastewater service; dwindling housing stock;
aging population with fixed incomes; constrained town limits; and institutional
drain on the tax base (county and town owned lands don't pay taxes to the Town.
Alternative policies regarding redevelopment include: those mentioned under
patterns of development, particularly regarding use of municipal powers,
undertaking a developer attraction campaign, and annexation. Others include
specific housing improvement programs and acquiring technical assistance for
an all-out redevelopment effort.
Objective:
To encourage redevelopment of the existing Town, esepcially the business
district.
Implementation Strategies:
Adopt housing code and enforce it to require rehabilitation or dem-
olition of deteriorating and dilapidated houses in the Town limits.
Require a determination of historical significance.
Cooperate with County Building Inspector to require selective
rehabilitation or demolition of deteriorating commerical structures
in the downtown area.
Consider application for Community Development Block Grant for housing
rehabilitation in the Town.
Acquire technical assistance for development of a downtown revitalization
strategy in Winton and determine financial feasibility of implementing
such a strategy.
Revise the Town's Zoning Ordinance to encourage more concentrated
development in strategic locations, so as to better support desired
extensions of services.

6. Commitment to State and Federal Programs. 37
Section IV shows a list of state and federal programs which impact the Town
of Winton and contribute to its character. Currently, several of the programs
are effectively protecting the estuarine waters and public trust waters of the
Chowan and estaurine shoreline.
As mentioned above, Winton has long supported such programs. Two outstanding
issues do concern the Town Board: lack of communication by many state
and federal agencies to the Town Board before land use changes begin,
and ability to finance matching funds which tangibly show support for grants
and loans for service improvement.
Alternatives considered to address these issues and thereby improve the
Town's commitment to state and federal programs include: initiating a letter
campaign to all state and federal agencies listed in this document, and others
identified as need arises,to open communication and inform them of Winton's
needs and policies; revenue generating strategies outlined above, including
annexation; and attainment of technical assistance.
Objective: ,
To support state and federal programs in the Winton planning area.
Implementation Strategies:
Cooperate with Virginia -North Carolina Task Force regarding the
clean-up of the Chowan River including assisting state and federal
agencies upon request to establish working relationships with local
landowners.
Engage in a grantsmanship program to implement selective state and
federal programs.
Continue to work with the County Commissioners to assist in development
of the industrial park on U.S. 158 so as to assist in the Governor's
priority for industrial recruitment.

38
7. Channel Maintenance and Beach Nourishment.
The Town of Winton regards the matter of channel maintenance as being out of
its jurisdiction and therefore has no policy regardinq it in this document.
It does, however, support the Army Corps of Engineers and other bodies in their
responsibility for maintaining the channels of the Chowan'River. Winton,
of course, has no beaches other than river's edge, which is regulated under
CAMA for permit purposes.
B. Energy Facility Siting and Development.
Currently, there are no energy facilities within the Winton planning area.
The Board expresses desire that none be developed within the one mile, but
that such may be encouraged north of the Town near the area designated suitable
for light industry (see Land Classification Map).
The Town recognizes the necessity for the development of facilities for the
production of alternative fuels, but wishes to discourage siting of large
facilities near the Town.
Objective:
To prevent the location of large energy facilities within the one -mile
planning area.
Implementation Strategy:
Revise the Zoning Ordinance to require a special use permit to
construct any energy production facility in any zone.
9. Waterfront Access.
There is private boat access to the Chowan, and a couple of roads serve as
public access, which now dead-end onto the waters edge.. The Tot•tn Board felt
that this is inadequate inside the Town limits, but that the Town has
insufficient funds to develop public access facilities. The Board chose to
forego the responsibility and continuing expense of upkeep, police, and
spillover effects of parking, etc.
The Town Board states that access to the rivers is not adequate.. It
encourages designation of new areas west of the Union Camp dock with adequate
space for parking which is consistent with the policies outlined above
for protecting areas of environmental concern. The Board chose not to develop
a policy on this issue.

39
E. Continuing Public Participation Policies.
In accordance with the CAMA guidelines for land use planning, the following
discussion outlines the means by which public participation in planning matters
is to be conducted in the planning process; the means to be used for public
education on planning issues, and the means to be used for continuing public
participation. First, a brief description of the methods used to develop
this CAMA Land Use Plan will be discussed as the foundation for future citizen
participation efforts.
The Town of Winton has an active Town Board which, for the size of this community,
contributes considerably to the representative nature of planning and planning
decisions.
Its history of planning (the 1969 Housing Element, 1971 Zoning Ordinance
and Subdivision Regulations), a close knit community, and concern for participation
led the Town Board to retain technical assistance for preparation of this
plan from a firm with a strong citizen participation background. Through
recommendations from Planning and Design Associates, P.A., the Board conducted
a random sample survey (see Section IV for survey questionnaire), to property
owners in and outside Town; held monthly meetings which were announced in
advance; and conducted interviews with several citizens related to planning
issues during the process.
During the preparation of this document, the Town Board was clear in its
desire to continue close contact with the citizenry. It realizes that such
involvement is important in both the development and enforcement of land use
policies so that the spirit of community is enhanced as the community grows
physically and economically. Issues discussed included these and other
purposes of participation in land use planning; definition of varying interests
among publics; representative bodies and responsibilities; and communication
methods.
Alternatives discussed with regard to these issues included: limiting par-
ticipation to selected committees or boards appointed to represent the community;
publishing required legal notices for public hearings; establishing ad hoc
citizen committees of the Town Board as need arises; re -instituting a separate
Planning Board, and conducting an educational campaign encouraging participation
at monthly meetings.
Goal: To achieve meaningful participation in land -use and related planning
matters in the Town of Winton and its planning area.
Ob 'ecti ve 1:
Tor participation itself: to provide opportunities for participation
in the land use planning process by residents of the Town of Winton and
its planning area, individually and in representative groups.

40
Implementation Strategies:
Revise the Zoning Ordinance or establish Town Policy to send written
notice to neighbors prior to a public hearing on amendments of the
Zoning Map and to post notification signs on property.
Send citizen opinion questionnaries to Town residents at least every
five years to gauge public opinion and how this opinion has changed
prior to the update of the Land Use Plan.
Hold a semi-annual meeting of the Town Board to evaluate the Land
Use Plan and its implementation. Prior to that meeting, have news
articles regarding meeting and specific issues to generate public
interest.
Objective 2:
To encourage active participation in land use discussion by all sectors
of the population including all economic, social, cultural, and ethnic
groups.
Implementation Strategies:
Develop a roster of civic organizations and key individuals to be
notified of public meetings regarding land use issues, and request
that members of these organizations be notified.
Publicize notices of meetings in the local newspaper preceded by
feature articles on specific issues to be discussed and invite all "
interested citizens to attend.
Objective 3:
To educate the citizens of the Town of Winton and its planning area about
the issues facing the area regarding matters of resource protection,
resource production, community and economic development, special issues
and ways in which citizens may participate in the Town's planning process.
Implementation Strategies:
Prepare public information brochures regarding:
CAMA Land Use Plan and its implementation process for distribution
in annual tax bills or in utility bills.
Prepare public information and education programs for presentation
to civic groups, churches, and school classes to inform the public
about the CAMA Land Use planning program and to encourage active
participation in the process.
Prepare press release for local newspaper following selected Town
Board meeting in cases when no member of the press had been present.
Prepare educational news releases on the planning program in the Town
of Winton explaining the issues to be considered and decisions pending.
Hold workshops for residents of the Town and the surrounding planning
area with technical assistance to educate citizens about the planning
process and other facets of the CAMA program.
Interest local groups in sponsoring a joint meeting of local government
in Hertford County regarding matters of interest in land use issues.

41
F. Other Specific Issues That Must be Addressed in the Winton Land Use Plan.
"Attachment B" of the contract between the State of North Carolina and the
Town of Winton stipulates that the special issue of water and sewer problems
be addressed in this plan.
Policy discussion and choice of policies for this issue are presented above
in Section II under"Economic and Community Development", and in Section IV
under "Constraints to Development -Community Facilities." ,
G. Consistency with Land Use Ordinances and CAMA Improvement Plans and
Budgets.
In accordance with CA14A regulations, the Zoning Ordinance of the Town of
Winton has been modified to make it consistent with the land use planning
regulations and the Coastal Area Management Act regarding areas of
environmental concern. Additionally, they are scheduled for update to implement
this Land Use Plan as reflected in the foregoing policy statements and as
illustrated in the Land Classification Map. Current planning and grantsmanship
for a new wastewater treatment system, as well as discussions of annexation
priorities have been taken into account in the development of the Land'.
Classification System.
Related Plans, Policies, and Regulations.
As mentioned in the foregoing policy discussion section, the development of
the Land Classification Map has been undertaken after thorough review of
local, county, state, and federal plans impacting the Winton planning area.
The Town's consultants made several visits to Hertford County Government
for discussions of planning concerns'of mutual interest.
Intergovernmental Co-ordination and Implementation.
The preceding discussion of policies and the Land Classification Map are to
serve as the basic tools for co-ordinating numerous policies, standards,
regulations, and other governmental activities at the local, state, and federal
levels.
As shown in the Appendix, the Commissioners of the County of Hertford delegated
their responsibility for preparing the CAMA Plan to the Town of Winton for ,
its planning district. This first step in intergovernmental co-ordination
resulted in numerous discussions with county agencies and management regarding
issues and data collection.
Because of the. level of discussion during the development of the Land
Classification Map and related policy statements, a better framework has
been established for budgeting, planning, and provision of community 'services;
better coordination of regulatory and promotional policies, and better decisions
may be developed for both the Town of Winton and its parent, Hertford County,
North Carolina.

42
J. Public Participation.
As noted earlier, the Town of Winton used its Town Board, public notice of
monthly, regularly scheduled meetings, a citizens survey and interviews with
local officials as its participation method. In this manner, a wide cross-section
of citizens was actively solicited and considered, and became a fundamental
element in the development of the planning activities, its adoption
(forthcoming) will be an important part of future amendments to the
plan and moreover, its successful implementation.
a

43
III. LAND CLASSIFICATION:
In accordance with the guidelines for land use planning (15 NCAC 7B, Section
.0200), and based on consideration of the citizens survey, available data,
work sessions with the Town Board and its consultants, and consideration
of the policy statements developed above, this section presents the land
classification system developed for the Town of Winton. By delineating land
classes on the following map, the Town of Winton and its citizens have specified
those areas where certain policies (local, state, and federal) will apply.
Although the town does not have extraterritorial jurisidction, it chose to
classify lands outside its town limits. Land classification provides a frame-
work to be used by local governments to identify the future use of all lands
in its planning area. The designation of land classes allows.the Town Board to
illustrate its policy statements as to where and to what density they want growth
to occur and where they want to conserve natural and cultural resources by
guiding growth.
;Ihile the areas shown on this map designate areas of the "planning district"
which are best suited for particular uses, it must be remembered that land
classification is merely a visual reference to help implement policies and not
a strict regulatory mechanism.
The CAMA land classification system includes five broad classes: developed;
transition; community; rural; and conservation.
In the Town of Winton, the classes of developed, rural, and conservation
readily apply as defined in the CAMA guidelines. The definition of transition
has been modified and will herein be referred to as "transition mixed" and
"transition industrial". There are no lands appropriately categorized as
community within the one mile planning area.
It is to the detailed discussion of the land classification that we now turn.

u
44
1
N
per} LW CLYt� T M Mu
4r CM
(NONE)
8 rahae.w o �1 own ...r...r..rwre x..r..w
Note: Although the Town of Winton does not have extraterritorial jurisdiction,
the Town chose to classify lands outside its corporate limits.

45
A. Developed.
The purpose of the developed class is to provide for continued intensive development
and redevelopment of existing incorporated areas.
The area currently inside the town limits of the town of Winton qualify as
developed for the following reasons:
Its density of 416 dwellings per square mile is approaching the
definitional density of 500.
The area is served by public water, wastewater treatment, recreation
facilities, police, and fire protection.
The Town Board has recently finished improvements to the water system
in this area and has in progress, applications for funds to upgrade the
town's wastewater treatment system, and has submitted applications for
funding to upgrade its zoning and adopt its subdivision regulations
which will serve to increase the density of development inside the town
limits.
As noted in Section II above, the policies related to economic and community
development outlined types of uses and implementation strategies for accommodating
the projected population growth towards maintaining the "developed" category
of the area inside the town limits.
B. Transition.
The purpose of the transition class is to provide for further intensive urban
development within the next ten years on lands which are most suitable and
that will be scheduled for provision of necessary public utilities and services.
According to the CAMA guidelines, lands classified as transition include lands
currently having urban services and other lands necessary to accommodate
the urban population and economic growth anticipated within the planning
jurisdiction over the next ten years.
As shown on the Land Classification Map, two areas have been designated as
transition in a modified manner: the area northwest of town on US 13 and
US 158 is designated as "transition -industrial"; the. area west of town along
and between SR.1457 and SR 1401, is designated as transition-mixee."

46
The forces at play which stimulated the design of these new sub -categories
include the following:
The heart of the area designated as transition -industrial has been designated
as an industrial park. site by the Hertford County Industrial Development
Commission, with the acreage already purchased by the county. The county,
through its industrial development planner and others, has contacted the
Mayor of Winton to discuss the feasibility of the town providing the sites
with water and sewer services. Public streets are already provided
consisting of US 158/NC 45. Under the proposed design for the town's new
wastewater treatment system, the main line for the collection system runs
through this transition zone to an area outside the one mile planning
district, therefore encouraging other forms of development along this
route.
Transition -mixed: The area west of town between SR 1457 and SR 1407
already has considerable residential development; featuring a relatively
high density development at the junction of SR 1128 and 1407. The Town
Board has informally discussed annexation in that direction to consist of
a "satellite annexation""within the next ten years. Additionally, the
Town's existing plans for water extension and the proposed improvement
to the wastewater system both show plans to extend services in that direction.
Additionally, the Town Board has selected the area shown between SR 1128
and US 13 as likely for annexation, and is.therefore classified as
transition -mixed.
These definitions vary somewhat from the CAMA suggested definition of "transition
in that there is enough vacant land inside the existing developed area to
accommodate the projected increase of dwelling units between now and the year
2000. Nevertheless, the Town Board has selected these areas as potential
areas ,to be served with urban services because of their attractiveness to
developers; their availability for sale and therefore development; and the
willingness,of interest to developers in having their property annexed; and
conversely, because of the reluctance on the part of those who own lane inside
the already developed area to sell it for residential or other uses. Thus
the total area shown as transition is larger than the amount of land needed
for proposed population increases which cannot be accommodated in the vacant
developed areas. Nevertheless, 'the Torn Board wanted to offer this land of
modified transition as inducement for future growth and development.
C. Community.
The purpose of designating areas in a community class is,to provide for clustered
land development to help meet housing, shopping, employment, and public
service needs within the rural areas,cf the planning district. As outlined
in the CX4A guidelines, such areas usually refer to small clusters of rural
development not requiring municipal sewer service and clusters which usually
occur at cross-roads.
As seen on the Winton Land Classification Map, no such areas exist inside the
one mile planning area. Therefore, no land within that district is classified
as "community".

D. Rural
The purpose of the rural class is to provide for agricultural, forest
management, mineral extractions and other low intensity uses. As reflected
in the foregoing policy section, Winton has no potential or existing mineral
extraction activity, thereby leaving the remainder of the planning area,which
is rural in character,divided between agricultural and forestry uses.
The broad category of "rural" is shown in white on the Land Classification Map.
In accordance with the CAMA regulations, lands in this area have high potential
for agricultural use and include land with one or more limitations that would
make development costly and hazardous (particularly deep slopes and flood
proneness). Within the broad category of rural, agriculture production and
low density residential development are desired by the Town Board.
The second category, "rural/forestry", shows
engaged in commercial forestry production.
policy statements, these areas are set aside
contribution to the economy of the planning
Conservation.
47
areas currently owned by companies
As reflected in the foregoing_
.for resource management and continued
district.
The purpose of the conservation class is to provide for effective long term
management of significant limited or irreplaceable areas. This management
is necessary in the Winton planning district along the shores of the Chowan
River in areas designated as estuarine shoreline and in the surface waters
of the Chowan itself. As shown on the Land Classification Map, this
designation is interrupted near the old Chowan River bridge, by the existing
commercial dock at Camp's Landing, and the anticipated development of public
access boat ramp, and also midway between there and Tuscarora Beach by a
series of beach cottages, and then at Tuscarora Beach itself which is a
recreation point (private). The Town Board wishes that these already developed
areas be monitored closely so as to protect the fragile nature of the
estuarine waters, public trust waters, and estuarine shoreline. In this
regard, the foregoing policies show that these areas should not be identified
as transition lands in the future.

m
IV. INFORMATION BASE FOR POLICY DISCUSSION.
The following section presents in more detail, the information from which
the policy issue summaries were developed and upon which the policy discussion
with the Town Board was based. It first describes the manner in which the
information base was established, and then presents data and conclusions
regarding present conditions and economy, existing land use, current plans
and policies and regulations, constraints to development (land suitability
and capacity of community facilities), and estimated demand.

49
A. Establishment of the Information Base.
1. Manner of Data Assembly.
Data for the Winton Land Use Plan was collected through a combined effort
of the Town Board, the area's residents,and Planning and Design Associates,
P.A., the Town's consultant. This section outlines the aeneral methods of
collection, with details discussed under the headings below.
Data assembly began with an assessment of the Town's local ordinances, special
studies regarding water and 'wastewater systems, and minutes of Town Board
meetings regarding planning issues. The County's previous and current land
use plans, plus other special studies (industrial development plan, soils
study, ordinances, etc.) were reviewed for pertinent information about the
community. Interviews in the living rooms of local Town Board members and
discussions with town employees provided information about the Town's budget
and its history.
The consultants made several data collection trips to county and federal
government offices in Winton, and to state agencies in Elizabeth City and
Raleigh to obtain published data. Additional information was collected through
interviews and phone calls with officials at every level.
Since much of the information was not published or readily accessible, the
Town Board chose to conduct a citizen survey (presented in the Appendix):
which not only provided data but also became a critical element in the citizen
.participation process. A random sample of the Town's tax records provided
addresses for residents of the Town limits, while an interview with Mr.
Ulysses G. Hall provided addresses of those living outside the Town but within
the one mile radius. The town's in -kind match was spent on this effort both
in postage and in hours of time that the Town clerk and other citizens
contributed in responding and assessing the questionnaire. Cooperation of
the local postmaster and enthusiastic support of area citizens made data
collection a fundamental building block for continued participation in the
process and implementation of the finished product.
The collection of information regarding existing land use, housing conditions,
fragile areas and hazard areas was accomplished through windshield surveys
by the consultant and Mr. Ulysses G. Hall, Town Commissioner; The Town's
1948 aerial photo was used as a base and new information was overlayed upon
it and transferred to the maps presented in this document.
Detailed site visit reports regarding contacts and data collection methods
are on file at the office of Planning and Design Associates, 3515 Glenwood
Ave., in Raleigh.
Conclusion: Like other very small communitites, much of the information
required by the CAMA guidelines for Land Use Planning is not published for
the Town of Winton. This necessitates considerable 'leg -work" in the form of
interviews, on -site surveys, and other types of primary data work. While
these,are desirable, and granted they contribute to the participatory process,
the small budgets alloted to small places are seldom adequate to support such
research.

CARTER W. JONES
Mayes
JoTCi N. SMON
Tw O«kh..w.w.nd
T.. C.O.ew
mown of `Winton
Telephone [phone]
`Minton, North _earolina 27986
January 15, 1981
50
Conedaieeerf:
ULYSSES G. HALL
FLETCHER LASStTER
WESLEY LNERMAN
CLAYTON WLAND
THOMAS L POPE
Dear Fellow Residents of the Town of Winton and its one mile vacinity:
Please take a few minutes to complete the enclosed survey and return
it in the envelope provided to Mrs. Joyce Sexton, Town Clerk, by
January 29, 1981.
The Town Board of Commissioners needs to know your views in order to
prepare our first Land Use Plan. This plan will be used by the Town
Board, the County CAMA Permit Officer, developers, and state and
federal agencies to make decisions about development and preservation
activities in and'around the Town and upon the Chowan River.
We would like for.you to attend the monthly meetings of the Town
Board between now and the end of April so that you may have a
continued voice in the preparation of our Land Use Plan.
Thank you in advance for helping us with this survey. Please return
it by January 29, 1981.
Sincerely,
C41-CA
Carter Jo a
Mayor
RT:gm/jt
Enclosures

51
B. Population and Economy.
1. Population.
According to the final 1980 census count, Winton, North Carolina has a population
of 825; 429 (52%) of whom are Black, 362 (44%) White, and 28 (3.4%) American
Indian. Six persons are of other race, with 29 persons being of Spanish Origin.
Hinton, like Hertford County, declined in population in the 1970-1980 decade.
Preliminary 1980 census date listed a decrease of 112 persons in the Town of Winton
from 917 persons in 1970 to 825 persons in 1980; this is a 10% decrease. Hertford
County posted a 4.4% decline in population'during this last ten year period, losing
1,071 persons and dropping from 24,439 persons in 1970 to 23,368 persons in 1980.
This losing trend broke from a previous thirty-year history of modest but stable
growth. Table one illustrates the historical changes in population changes for
Hertford County, Winton Township, and the Town of !Linton.
TABLE ONE
The period from 1930 through 1970 was also a period of increased urbanization as
more families moved from rural areas to urban places. Although not an urban place
by census standards (census definition of "urban" is an incorporated area with a
population of 2,500 or greater), !Minton does exhibit the qualities of an urban place
as an aggregation of community services and of community functions. During the.
period from 1930 to 1970, Linton accounted for a growing percentage of the Winton
Township population from 23.8% of the total population in 1930 to almost 35% in 1970.
Hertford County was also becoming an increasingly urban county moving from 16.7%
urban in 1950 to 39% in 1970.
The 1970 to 1980 decade also brought an abrupt turn from this rural to urban
population trend for both the Town of Winton and for Hertford County. Winton's
population as a percent of Minton Township's population declined from almost
35% to 29.6%; Hertford County's urban population dropped from 39% to 340.
Winton Township, which had lost population during the 1950 to 1970 years markedly
gained population from 1970 to 1980 turning a 7% loss into an 8% gain.

52
Much of the County's population loss can be explained by the large migration of
particular age groups out of the county during the'1960 to 1970 decade. Table II
shows the outtward migration for each age group in Hertford County between
1960 and 1970. The migration occurredmainlyin the groups of population
whose ages ranged between 15 and 29. Those groups are generally
considered the family formation groups and account for the major part of resident
population increase in future years.
TABLE II
Net Higration 1960-1970
Age
Total
Rate %
0-4
93
5.2
5-9
-41
-1.6
10-14
-80
-2.7
15-19
-267
-9.3
20-24
-1,169
-43.1
25-29
-1,021
-44.7
30-34
-151
-11.6
35-39
9
8
40-44
70
5.3
45-49
77
6.0
50-54
59
4.5
55-59
67
6.0
60-64
51
5.6
65-69
111
15.9
70-74
30
5.9
75+
86
12.3
Among races, it is interesting to note that the county increased its loss
through out -migration over the last two decades (total population). During
that period, whites nearly stopped in -migrating, dropping from a rate of 16.66
to only 0.72, while non -whites exhibited a reduced rate of out -migrating,
dropping from 19.31 to 12.
This loss of the family group along with the National trend toward lower
birth rates account for the great reduction in the number of births per year
in Hertford County.
TABLE III
Resident Live Births in Hertford County
1960 583 25,66/1110
1970 394 16.12/1000
1978 378 15.1 /1000

53
As with other population characteristics, the data for resident live births varies
greatly among races. This is particularly important for Winton, which has a high
percentage of non -white population (56) and for Hertford County which is:56% nob -white.
This compares to a North Carolina percentage"non-white of only 24.2%.
In Hertford County, the birth rate for non -whites was 19.3 in 1978, compared
to 10.6 for whites in the same year. This pattern had persisted over the four-
year period (1974-1978), with 19.0 and 10.7 live births per 1000 population,
respectively.
Hertford County also shows a much higher rate of natural increase (excess of
number of births over number of deaths in a year) among the non -white
population. Non -whites had a natural increase of 8.5 for the four year period,
compared to only 2.2 for whites.
Since 1970, Hertford has increased in concentration of non -white population.
As shown above, this is partially explained by reduced in -migration of whites,
reduced out -migration of non -whites, and higher birth rates and rates of natural
increase among non -whites.
2: Economy.
The 6linton and Hertford County economy has performed well during the six year
period from 1973 to 1978. The total county income has increased from
$80,327,000 in 1973 to 126,990,000 in 1978, this is a compounded annual rate
of 7.9%. Per capita income during this same period rose from $3,320 to $5,080.
Largest income gains were recorded in the economic sectors of Government transfer
fragments and income from rents, dividends, and interest. Both of these sectors
are more closely attached to the inflation rate and the consumer price index
than are other income sectors.
Manufacturing employment and government services employment are the primary
employment sectors in Winton. Manufacturing employment in Hinton in 1979
was 468 persons. All of the manufacturing employment was generated'by Carolina
Aluminum Corporation. !Minton is the County seat of Hertford County and thus,
the place of employment for most county official staff as well as various state
and federally sponsored agencies such as the Farmers Home Administration and
the Agricultural Conservation Stabilization Service.
Farming, historically, has always been a primary contributing factor in Hertford
County's total income. The contribution of this sector, however, is extremely
volatile, fluctuating greatly from year to year. !todern farm production is highly
dependent on government policy and the favorable weather, perhaps the two most
unreliable factors on which to base one's income.

Unemployment in Hinton is assumed to be reflected by the Hertford County
statistics. As shown below, the County has fluctuated considerably since 1974,
with a rate 13% higher in,1977 than in 1970.
UNEMPLOYMENT IN HERTFORD COUNTY
'70 '71 '72 '73 '74 '75 '76
5.5 6.2 5.9 5.3 5.6 7.2 5.9
3. Major Conclusions.
The Town of Winton's development problems are ones of stimulation rather than
immediate regulation or control of existing pressures. Projected population
increase and location of industry in other parts of the township indicate that
Winton needs to work constructively to attract the types of economic development
the Town Board desires..
The Town has underway an'aggressive community improvements program including
water and wastewater treatment improvement, grantsmanship, land use planning,
and work with industrial recruiters. It faces issues of how to make vacant land
inside the Town limits available for residential development and other ways
of increasing population. Currently, the Board's thinking regarding annexation,
offers a practical approach to increasing the critical mass necessary to upgrade
commercial and related activities in !•linton's economy.
The Town is aware that while annexation will increase the physical size of
the Town, it is often very expensive since N.C. enabling legislation generally
requires the provision of services when annexation occurs. Thus, the Town
should fully consider the cost of, as well as the revenues from, annexation
before seriously undertaking this strategy.
m
54
ti

55
C. Existing Land Use.
1. Description.
Land use activities within the Winton area are dominated by wooded ground cover,
with approximately 30% of the area under agricultural production. Major recreational
uses occur along the southeastern boundary of the planning area along the
Chowan River and on the nearby golf course. As shown on the accompanying Land
• Use Map, the Town has a large proportion of institutional (cultural and
governmental) uses for a toem its size. Industrial uses comprise a significant
proportion of activity near.the Chowan River. Large tracts of vacant land are
found within the Town limits, because of reasons we discuss under specific land
uses below.
a. Residential Land Use.
Residential land use is predominantly year-round housing, with some
recreational or river -front units alono the River. Largely concentrated on the
paved roads in town, residential development in Winton, like commercial,
creates large areas of un-used yard space. Much of this land is not available
for development of more concentrated housing though some apartments and a
26-unit public housing development are nearing completion.
In addition to spatial distribution and type of residential, analysis was done
gy.the Consultant on the quality of residential development in !iinton and
its one -mile perimeter. The structural condition of housing units in !Minton
and its surrounding one mile planning jurisdiction, although generally quite
good, has declined significantly during the past ten years.
The 1971 Housing Element Update: Winton NC, prepared by the State of North Carotin
Carolina Department of Local Affairs, when compared to the windshield survey
conducted by Planning and Design Associates in January 1981,revealed a significant
increase in the number and percentage of deteriorated and dilapidated housing
units.
This constrast shows that the total number of deteriorated and dilapidated
housing units increased from 24 units in 1971 to 122 units in 1981. While
this increase may seem alarming there are several factors that tend to exaggerate
the true rate of housing decline:
1. The 1981 survey included the one -mile Winton planning jurisdiction, as
well as the Town of Winton; the 1971 survey did not.
2. The 1981 survey included mobile homes, the 1971 survey counted th,a mobile
homes but made no determination as,to structural condition.
3. Definitions of condition were apparently different beteteen the two surveys.
1980 definitions regarded "standard" as needing no repair or only incidential
or cosmetic work; "deteriorated" as requiring repair work costing up to
$15,000; and "dilapidated" as requiring major structural renovation costing
more than $15,000.

56

57
Table I shows the results of the two surveys.
TABLE I
1971
1981
Housing Condition
/Occupied/Vac.
Total
%
Occupied/Vac./Total
%
Standard
228
0
228
78.1%
280
0
280
69.0%
Deteriorated
14
4
18
6.2%
86
5
91
22.6%
Dilapidated
4
2••
6
2.0%
21
10
31
7.8%
TOTAL
246
6
252
86.3%
387
15
402
100.0%
Mobile Homes
40
0
40
13.7%
TOTAL
292
i 0.
The total number of housing units increased substantially during the past ten years
in both the Town of Winton and !Minton Township. Final 1980 census data shows a
22% increase in the number of housing units in Winton from 1970 to 1980, and a
41.6% increase in Winton Township. The average household size decreased during
that period. The present average household size is 2.87 persons per dwelling
unit, down 12.2% from the 1980 household size of 3.35 persons per dwelling unit.
The 1980 Preliminary Census Data collected by the U.S. Bureau of Census. The Bureau
of Census shows a vacancy rate of 15.4% in the Town of !Minton or 53 vacant units.
b. Commercial Land Use.
Within the planning area, there is clearly a distinct commercial district.
Historically, the commercial activity in 11inton was linked to the fishing and
shipment trade of the Chowan River. Formerly the main highway (US 13) went directly
through town to the river bridge, funneling activity onto the city streets. The
Town Board, many of whom are lifetime residents, recall much busier days in the
downtown area.
Today, commercial activity still exists in gas stations, groceries, an ABC store,
a restaurant, beauty parlor, service related shops, and a post office. The extent
of these activities is apparently dwindling, as many storefronts near the town hall
have been vacant for some time.
Currently, this level and type of activity has little adverse impact upon surrounding
land uses.
c. Cultural and Institutional
As shown on the Land Use Map, a considerable amount of institutional use occurs
in Winton, which can be expected for a county seat. County agencies related to
health services, education, and justice are. found, as well as federal offices
related to soils and agriculture.

Culturally, the C.S. Brown School (K-12) in Winton, was originally established
as a school for Blacks. !l nton is the home of one of Region Q's two multi -purpose
centers for senior citizens and the home of the National Headquarters of the Elk
Shrine, which moved from Philadelphia.
As in other such towns, these land uses are critical to the identity of Winton,
North Carolina. However, these uses do require large amounts of parking, are
passive much of the time, often require large tracts of playground space, and
present the community with a "day -time" activity pattern which leaves vast vacant
areas in the evening.
Though not shown on the following map of historic properties, !Minton has several
older homes which are of potential local historic significance. -
In terms of archaeological resources, although there are no sites recorded
within the corporate limits of Winton, a systematic survey has never been
conducted to identify and assess the significance of unknown resources.
Surveys have been conducted east and west of the town proper in conjunction
with the construction of proposed wastewater treatment plants. One report
states that all uplands on the west bank of the Chowan River should be
considered very likely to contain prehistoric and colonial period archaeological
sites.*
There are five cemeteries within the town limits of Winton. These cultural
resources are typically small and should be respected in plans for altering
land use patterns.
d. Agricultural and Forest Lands.
The most significant land use pattern within the planning district is agricultural
production and forestry. Large tracts inside the tot -in (west end) and dispersed
throughout the planning area are oriented toward agricultural production. The major
crops include peanuts, corn for grain and soybeans.
These two land use activities have few implications upon adjacent land uses. They
are, however, affected by activities or land use trends which occur nearby. This
sensitivity to adjacent activities makes agriculture and forestry lands vulnerable
to development pressures. This is particularly true for agricultural lands which
are cleared, have suitable soils and are well drained. Thus, there is an increasing
pressure upon agricultural land when development of an area is initiated. The great
conflict which may arise is between the need for agricultural products and the
need for land for development puposes.
* Source: Nancy A. MacKenzie, N.C. Division of Archives and History, in a letter
to Gaile Pittman, NRCO, June 24, 1981.

59
2. Analysis of Existing Land Use.
a. Significant Land Use Compatibility problems.
Comparison of the existing Land Use Map with the composite map which shows fragile
areas, hazardous areas, and flood prone areas, renders the following conclusions:
Generally, there are few significant land use compatibility problems in the Town
of Winton or its planning area. The mix of adjacent uses is generally compatible,
and in some cases extra care has been taken to respect areas with slopes
greater than twelve percent and use them as buffers between residential and
industrial development. Development in flood prone areas consists of water
based uses along the Chowan River such as the industrial dock at the end of
old Highway 13 and.some residential and recreational development between that
dock and Tuscarora Beach itself. Given that these uses are within the Area of
Environmental Concern of estuarine shoreline, they do present themselves as
potential sources of incompatibility with the environment in the future.
All the land uses in Winton share the danger of poor soil particularly with
regard to foundation capacity. Future development should pay particular
attention to the detailed soils analysis prepared by Hertford County.
As mentioned above, the Town has a large portion of its central business district
and adjoining areas inside the town limits lying vacant, ostensibly under
agricultural production.
Extensive institutional and cultural development (vacant) are also inconsistent
with the development goals in that they contribute nothing to the local tax
base. In that they cover approximately 25% of the land area inside the town
and because of their limited operationsthey cause vast amounts of inactivity
after 5 p.m. Such amounts of inactivity are not compatible with revitalization
objectives regarding commerical and residential development.
b. Ma or Problems That Have Resulted From Unplanned Develo
Like other small towns, Winton is now engaged in planning which tries to overcome
problems from decisions which were made external to the'Town's control. An example
is the by-pass (US 13 and 158) which now carries traffic around the Town instead
of availing the Town's commercial services to tourists. Additionally, many
historically valuable assets such as the old courthouse, have been destroyed in
the name of progress causing a loss in some of the Town's cultural heritage.
Major problems of the past resulting from unplanned growth, such as difficulties
with the water system and sewer system, have now either been rectified or are
well in progress. Potential problems regarding the distribution of mobile homes
in the planning area is addressed in the Town's Zoning Ordinance and the Town Board
has recently restated its commitment to better enforcement of that distribution.

ou
c. Identification of Areas Experiencing or Lik
As seen through comparing the 1948 aerial photo and the 1981 Land Use Map,
areas having undergone significant change include Tuscarora Beach; the waterfront
site between Tuscarora Beach and the Carolina aluminum plant; the site of the
aluminium plant itself; the location of the new water tower; additional housing
units dispersed throughout the community; major change at the current location
of the federal agencies and the schoolbus maintenance garage; new subdivisions
inside the town; the development of 26 units of public housing near the western
end of the community; the development of major institutional and recreational
functions on Highway 45 toward Cofield in an area which has also annexed since
1948, the addition of new streets and residential development inside the Town
limits; and the changing function of many of the existing buildings in the
community.
As shown on the Land Classification Map areas which are likely to undergo
significant change in the future include: the area on the Chowan River to the
north of the commercial r1ock which has been sited as a desirable location for
public access to estuarine waters; the areas northwest and southeast of Town
which are owned by commercial forestry companies (shown as rural/forestry on
the Land Classification Map); the area northwest of Town out Highway 158 and
45 which is the road along which the main collector for the Town's wastewater
system will extend and INhich is the location of an industrial park site; the
area west of Town from the current Town limits to just past the intersection
of SR 1128 and 1407, and perhaps continued development along the by-pass.
Hopefully, the vacant and agricultural land inside the Town limits will also
be developed as commercial and residential, thereby improving the tax base
and providing residential capacity for nearby industrial development.
Certainly, the waterfront's edge is the most attractive area of the community
and is likely to continue to endure considerable pressure for industrial and
recreational uses.
d. Areas of Environmental Concern.
As noted in Section II, the areas of environmental concern in Winton's planning
area are the estuarine waters,;public trust waters acid estuarine shorelines.
details of these categories are presented in Section II for estuarine waters
and in the Appendix for public trust waters and estuarine shoreline.

61
D. Current Plans, Policies and Regulations.
Listing and Summary of Significant Existing Local Plans and Policies.
Zoning Ordinance for the Town of Winton, North Carolina.
Zoning is a legal mechanism for controlling the use of land in accordance with
an adopted land use plan. A jurisdiction (in this case, the Town) is divided into
districts or zones and all land within the same district is subject to the same
regulations. Zoning is designed to separate incompatible land uses for the good
of the general public. Zoning•is supposed to implement the Land Use Plan, although
frequently the two are never co-ordinated. The Town Board has applied for funds
with which to revise its Zoning Ordinance so.that it is better equipped to implement
this Land Use Plan.
The blinton Zoning Ordinance sets forth five zones. host of the Tot -in is zoned
R-10 Medium Density Residential. This zone permits single and multi -family
residences, but not mobile homes. The ordinance also has an R-1041H zone, which
permits mobile homes on individual lots and mobile home parks. The two commercial
zones are located in the downtown area and farther south on Main Street. The
Office and Institutional Zone covers the County Courthouse and other Hertford
County offices. The existing industry falls in the I-1 LiC.ht Industrial zone.
The major implication of the present Zoning Ordinance lies in the area of the
development of multi -family housing. If the Town wishes to encourage growth and
provide additional housing opportunities, the Zoning Ordinance should be revised.
The existing R-10 zone required large amounts of land for multi -family development -
20,000 square feet for the first two units plus 7500 square feet for each additional
unit. This permits less than five units per acre which makes multi -family development
very costly. A zone permitting denser development with appropriate safeguards
could encourage multi -family housing which would add to the local tax base and
provide other types of housing for local residents.
Subdivision Regulations for the Town of Winton.
Subdivision regulations govern the division of land into lots or tracts for building
purposes. They set standards for the design of streets, lots, water, and sewer
systems and other standards necessary for the protection of the public health,
safety, and welfare.
If properly enforced, subdivision regulations should encourage the development of
well -designed subdivisions with adequate improvements, such as roads. Subdivision
regulations can also encourage growth in a community by providing certain incentives
4to . develop, such as partial reimbursement for the installation of improvements.
The Town of !Minton prepared and reviewed Subdivision Regulations in 1971, but never
.adopted them.

62

M.
Housing Element Update, !Minton, North Carolina
In 1971, the Town of Winton prepared an update of its 1969 Initial Housing Element
in order to reflect housing condition changes since that date. The purpose was
to refine previous evaluations of housing and housing related problems; obstacles
to solutions of those problems; housing activities; past and proposed planning
activities related to housing and implementation directed for achievement of
housing objectives. Findings included surface drainage and drainage ditch problems
in the east -central and east -south sections of the community, generally in areas
where low income housing exists and other blighted conditions prevail; narrow
streets and street right-of-ways, unpaved streets; and inadequate lot sizes in all
sections of town. Since that time, steps have been taken to correct many of these,
particularly related to lot size and its impact on future development. Information
from town officials and other sources showed that there was virtually no available
housing in Minton, as only 5 units were for rent and 5 units were for sale which
lower income people could afford. No other units were available.
Hertford County Zoning Ordinance.
Hertford County has adopted a Zoning Ordinance which applies to all unincorporated
areas ofthe County. As the Town of Hinton has not yet exercised any extraterritorial
jurisdiction, the County ordinance applies to the area in the one mile planning
area which lies outside the town limits. Most of this area is zoned RA-20,
Residential -Agricultural which permits single and two family residences and mobile
homes on individual lots as well as agricultural uses. A large area adjacent to
the Chowan River is zoned Riverside Residential and Camping which permits residences,
mobile home parks, travel trailer parks and group camp facilities. These
two zones require a minimum of 20,000 square feet for residential lots,as no public
water and sewer is provided. This encourages a low density development pattern.
Future development in the fringe area might be encouraged to annex into the Torn
if adequate public services are available.
Hertford County Mobile Home and Travel Trailer Park Ordinance.
Hertford County also has a Mobile Home and Travel Trailer Park Ordinance which
applies to the one mile area outside the town limits. This establishes standards
and procedures for the development of these facilities in an orderly manner with
provision of adequate services. There are some differences between the provisions
of the Town's Ordinance and the County Ordinance but these are not serious differences
and tend to balance each other out.

04
Hertford County Hurricane Evacuation and Shelter Plan.
In October, 1980, the Hertford County Commissioners established this plan to provide
for an orderly and co-ordinated evacuation and shelter system to minimize the
effects of hurricanes on residents and visitors in Hertford County. It established
a Control Group to exercise overall direction and control of hurricane evacuation
operations, and a Support Group to provide personnel and material resources for
implementation of preplanned'actions as directed by the control group; to provide direction
to personnel engaged in operations; and to provide data and recommendations to the
Control Group. Early alerting of officials and concerned agencies, overall direction,
and increased readiness actions outlined in this document prepare the citizens
of Minton for appropriate action in the event of.hurricane or flooding.
Hertford County Land Use Plans, 1976 and 1980.
The Hertford County Commissioners prepare land use plans in each of these years
under the Coastal Area Management Act. The 1976 Plan described existing land use
and land development potential in Winton, and addressed capacity of the Town's water
and wastewater treatment system. In that document, the area inside town was
classified as "transition", while the main artery (461) through Oak Villa was ,
termed "community". The 1980 Update treats the Town similar to other nuclei of
urban activity in the county, and labels the same areas around Winton as transition
and community. As shown in letters in the Appendix to this Hinton Plan, the County
delegated planning authority to the Town for planning, thereby rendering considerable
detail and some variation in Land Classification from the County Plan.
Master Plan for Industrial Site Development.
In January, 1980, the Hertford County Industrial Development Commission established
this document which considered the history and development potential of the County,
and assessed in-depth twenty eight potential sites for industrial development.
Two sites were selected, one for a light industrial park (near Minton, US Route
13 and 158) and one for a heavy industrial park at the intersection of SR 1455 and
1400. The master plan sets forth complete development capacity, costs and plans
for these two sites.
The Town of Winton has recently been intensely involved in community facilities
planning, as it has just implemented its final engineering report for improvement
of the Town's water system. It undertook preliminary studies in 1977 and 1978
regarding improvements to the Town's wastewater collection and treatment system, and
is currently engaged with design of a land -based alternative wastewater treatment
system for the community. This plan will outline an environmentally sound strategy
for treating waste which eliminates a potential point source pollution of the
Chowan River. (see Section IV.F below)

65
Utilities expansion policies have not been established formally. The Town Board
is having discussions with the Hertford County Industrial Recruiter regarding
the Light Industrial Park site referenced above, which could lead to the
formalization of such a policy with regard to water. The site is located along
the route of the proposed wastewater treatment line, and thus presents less of a
test case for policy formulation. The Town will have the opportunity to develop
utility extension policies if its request for funding assistance from CAMA is granted
and its Zoning Ordinances and unofficial subdivision regulations are revised
(and adopted).
There is crjrrently no open space or recreational police for the Town of Minton.
2. Means for Enforcement of all Existing Local Land Use Regulations.
Town zoning is enforced by the Town Board which also operates as the Planning Board
and Board of Adjustment. This ordinance is administered by the County Code Officer
on behalf of the Town.
County zoning and Mobile Home Ordinance and subdivision regulations are enforced
by the county in the area one mile around Winton.
The building code is the state building code and is enforced by the County Code
Officer on behalf of the Town and the County.
Septic tank regulations are those fostered by the State and enforced by the Hertford
County Health Department.
Environmental impact regulations, including major CAMA permits, are administered
by the State; minor CAMA permits are administered by the local (county) permit
officer.
Others listed in the CAMA guidelines for land use planning, but not applicable
to Winton include: municipal subdivision regulations, flood. -Jay ordinance,
sedimentation regulations and other codes or regulations.
3. Relevant State and federal Regulations Affecting the Coastal Land
and !later Resources.
See attached list provided by the Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development.

Ii.
STATE DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS
Agency Licenses and Permits
Department of Natural Resources and Community - Permits to discharge to surface waters
Development or operate wastewater treatment
plants or oil discharge•permits;
NPDES Permits, (G. S. 143-215)
Division of Environmental Management
- Permits for septic tanks with a
capacity over 3,000 gallons/day
(G. S. 143-215.3).
- Permits for withdrawal of surface
or ground waters in capacity use
areas (G. S. 143-215.15).
- Permits for air pollution abatement
facilities and sources
(G. S. 143-225.108).
- Permits for construction of com-
plex sources; e. g. parking lots,
subdivisions, stadiums, etc.
(G. S. 143-215.109).
- Permits for construction of a well
over 100,000 gallons/day (G. S. 87
88).
Department of Natural Resources and
Community Development - Permits to dredge and/or fill in
Office of Coastal Management estuarine waters, tidelands, etc.
(G. S. 113-229).
- Permits to undertake development
in Areas of Environmental Concern
(G. S. 113A-118).
NOTE: Minor development permits
are issued by the local
government.

67
APPENDIX CONTINUED -
Department of Natural Resources and
Community Development
Division of Earth Resources
Department of Natural Resources and
Community Development
Secretary of NRCD
Department of Administration
Department of Human Resources
Permits
dam (G.
Permits
Permits
oil or
Permits
explora
to alter or construct a
S. '143-215.66) .
to mine (G. S. 74-51).
to drill an explanatory
;as well (G. S. 113-381).
to conduct geographical
Lion (G. S. 113-391).
- Sedimentation erosion control
plans for any land disturbing
activity of over one contiguous
acre (G. S. 113A-54).
- Permits to construct an oil refinery
- Easements to fill where lands are
proposed to be raised above the
normal high water mark of
navigable waters by filling
(G. S. 146.6 (c).
- Approval to operate a solid waste
disposal site or facility
(G. S. 130-166.16).
- Approval for construction of and
public water supply facility that
furnishes water to ten or more
residences (G. S. 130-160.1).

FEDERAL DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS
Agency Licenses and Permits
Army Corps of Engineers
(Department of Defense)
Coast Guard
(Department of Transportation)
Geological Survey
Bureau of Land Management
(Department of Interior)
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
3�
- Permits required under Section 9
and 10 of the Rivers and Harbors
of 1899, permits to construct in
navigable waters.
- Permits required under Section 103
of the Marine Protection,
Research and Sanctuaries Act of 1972.
- Permits required under Section 404
of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act of 1972; permits to
undertake dredging and/or filling
activities.
- Permits for bridges, causeways,
pipelines over navigable waters;
required under the General Bridge
Act of 1946 and the Rivers and
Harbors Act of 1899.
- Deep water port permits.
- Permits required for off -shore
drilling.
- Approvals of OCS pipeline corridor
rights -of -way.
- Licenses for siting, construction
and operation of nuclear power
plants; required under the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954 and Title iI of
the Energy Reorganization Act of
1974.

\ 1 \
M
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission - Permits for construction, operation
and maintenance of interstate pipe-
lines facilities required under the
Natural Gas Act of 1938.
- Orders of interconnection of
electric transmission facilities
under Section 202 (b) of the
Federal Power Act.
- Permission required for abandon-
ment of natural gas pipeline and
associated facilities under
Section 7C (b) of the Natural
Gas Act of 1938.
n

70
E. Constraints: Land Suitability
In accordance with the CAMA regulations, the following is a brief analysis of the
general suitability of the undeveloped lands within the planning area for
development, with consideration given to factors of physical limitations for
development, fragile areas, and areas with.resource potential. Maps for these
factors are presented in Section II to illustrate policy development. The analysis
presented here plus related sections of policy discussion were the basis for the
design of the Land Classification Map.
1. Physical Limitations for Development.
The following areas were identified as likely to have conditions making development
costly or causing undesirable consequences if developed:
Hazard Areas.
As shown on the Hazardous Areas Map, hazards in Winton consists of vacant dilapidated
units, the old water tower, an industrial storage tank, the industry itself, because
of trucks and nature of its production, the bridge barricade on the north end of
old Highway 13, and flood prone areas.
Flood -prone areas shown on the map have a l in 100 chance on the average of being
innundated during any year. As a rule, development should either stay away from
those areas or be undertaken so as to withstand the likelihood of inundation.
b. Areas with Soil Limitations.
These include hazards for foundations, shallow soils, poorly drained soils and
areas with limitations for septic tanks. Detailed soils information is available
in the Hertford County Soil Survey: Maps and Interpretations, from which the following
description and table are drawn.
Almost all of the soils in the !Minton, NC planning area impose serious limitations
to residential, commercial, and industrial development. All but three small pockets
of MdA (Marlboro fine sand loam) and NoA (Norfolk loam fine sand) soils are
severelylimited for use for septic tank absorption fields. The primary soil groups
in the planning area, the Lenoir and Craven groups; characteristically -have a ,
seasonably high water table, which varies from six inches to three feet below the
surface and have very slow perculation rates.
Septic fields in these soils groups not only create hazards of ground water
contamination, but are also limited in their effectiveness because of seepage and
inflo:�t from the high water table. Residential development must be carefully planned
to co -exist with available municipal sewage collections and sanitary disposal
systems. .
The primary soil groups,Lenoir and Craven. impose severe limitations on building
foundations and street construction. Costly fill materials most likely will be
necessary for any small commercial construction. Construction requiring deep
footings would require careful planning and special construction consideration.

71
Most of the soils in the planning area are suited primarily for pasture and
forest production. Areas classified as Number I (MdA and NoA) and Number II
class (CvA, DuA, GoA, Ly) farm lands have also been mapped as location of prime
farmland.
c. Sources of Water Supply.*
• Heri;ford County has an abundance of ground water which is usually less than 20 feet
deep, and it approaches or reaches the surface in flatwoods along rivers and
streams. Shallow wells, hand or auger dug, yield about 1 to 20 gallons per minute.
The wells are found chiefly in the surficial sands, however, some extend into
the underlyingsands or marls of the Yorkstown or other shallow formations. The
water is usually of good quality except that high iron content is a common problem:
Deeper wells, 200 to 500 feet, produce several hundred gallons per minute and
provide ample supply for municipal and industrial purposes. The yield depends
on depth, size and method of construction. The water is generally hard but
suitable for ordinary use, however, some wells in the sand zones are generally soft.
d. Areas Where the Predominant Slope Exceeds 12 Percent.
Areas with steep slopes in excess of 12% are found along the Chowan River and
minor waterways that drain into the Chowan and are identified as one soil type
GrE (Gritney fine sandy loam) and have been mapped for easy identification.
One wetland area has been identified for protection and has also been mapped.
2. Fragile Areas.
Areas which could easily be damaged or destroyed by inappropriate or poorly planned
development in the Town of Winton and its district include the AEC's and particularly
the Chowan River, some properties on the state registry of historic places.
The area has none of the following: sand dunes along the outer banks; ocean beaches
or shorelines; areas which sustain remnant species; areas containing unique
geological formations; registered natural landmarks or others such as wooded swamps,
prime wildlife habitats, scenic and prominent high points.
3. Areas with Resource Potential.
As noted in the resource production section above, the area is generally productive
for agriculture and forestry lands, but has no specific productive and unique
agricultural lands. There are no publicly owned forest, or fish and game lands
in the area and no privately owned wildlife sanctuaries.
The Town has no other non -water -intensive outdoor recreation lands, in that most
of such activity takes place in the waters of the Chrnwan River.
*Source: Master Plan for Industrial Site Development

72
F. Constraints: Capacity of Community Facilities
1. Existing Water Service System.
,Until 1980, the water distribution system consisted of a 30,000 gallon elevated
water storage tank and 6 inch and smaller water distribution mains. The water
supply was obtained from two deep wells. Well no. 1 is located at the corner
of Taylor and Faison Streets. Well no. 2 was installed in 1976, located
between King and Main Streets on Dickerson Street Extension.
The existing water distribution system was then inadequate to the degree that
municipal water service was not available to areas that were planning to
be annexed by the Town, which the Town had an obligation to provide with
municipal water service and adequate fire protection. Additionally, the
State Board of Health recommended a minimum of a day's consumption in
elevated storage. Based upon a per capita flow of 100 gallons a day for the
design population of 1230 and a daily use of up to 50,000 gallons for.the
Carolina Aluminum Company, the minimum elevated storage. should have been
approximately 175,000 gallons. Also, the National Board of Fire Underwriters
recommended an elevated storage volume of 275,000 gallons for a town with a
population of 1230. Since Winton was not yet that size, it was recommended
that a 200,000 gallon elevated storage tank be constructed in order to provide
adequate fire protection for the Town. The new tank should be located near
the center of the service area in order to provide even pressure throughout
the distribution system.
Now, the Town has a new water system which has three wells, new mains,
a 200,000 gallon elevated storage tank, and new 6 and 12 inch mains.
The three wells (one of which has recently been closed) produce a combined
yield of 800 gpm however, one well has a problem pumping sand and must be
replaced.
Water usage is estimated at 940,000 gpd in 1975, increasing to 1,000,000
gpd by the year 2000. The present average daily demand is 100,400 gpd by
1990. The present rate is estimated at 11%.
Winton is proud of its new water system, which is shown on the Water Facilities
Map which follows.

LEGEND
---- EXISTING WATER MAIN
EXISTING FIRE HYDRANT
EXISTING ELEVATED WATER TANK
NEW WATER MAIN
NEW FIRE HYDRANT
NEW ELEVATED WATER TANK.
O PLAN SHEET NUMBER
TOWN OF WINTON
WINTON NORTH CAROLINA
WATER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
L E. WOOTEN AND COMPANY
• CONSULTING ENGINEERa
RALEIGH,N.C.
73
CHOWAN RIVER 1
'1 .H1 MAN j�
+acK n..canx. II
7
rn6l
RLE.U.

74
2. Wastewater Collection and Treatment Facilities."
The existing wastewater collection system is of the separate type, sanitary
sewers being separate from storm sewers, and consists of approximately
26,000 linear -feet of 6-, 8-, and 12-inch vitrified 'clay sewer mains
terminating at the waste treatment facility located just north and east of
Brickell and Murfee Streets, respectively, and on the south bank of the Chowan
River. The existing wastewater treatment facility is a trickling filter
type facility that has been added to follow an Imhoff tank. Sludge drying
beds area available for dewatering the anaerobically digested"sludge from the
Imhoff tank. The treated effluent is discharged into the Chowan River, a
Class "B" stream. The operating condition of the treatment facility is very
poor. The trickling filter dosing tank does not operate properly, which
results in ineffective operation of the filter as the desirable filter growth
cannot be maintained. The treatment facility also becomes hydraulically
overloaded during periods of heavy rainfall. Furthermore, the existing.
wastewater treatment facility is not capable of meeting the effluent limitations..
..for discharge to the Chowan River as determined by the North Carolina Division
of Environmental Management.
Accordingly, Minton undertook a 201 Wastewater Facilities Plan which initially
determined that the most cost-effective means of Winton meeting its wastewater
treatment needs is to construct a new secondary wastewater treatment facility
on a site approximately 4,000 feet east of the Town. (see Exhibit IV.31)
The Winton 201 Wastewater Facilities Plan was originally approved in June of
1977. Based.on the findings of that 201 Plan, the design of a secondary treatment
plant was completed and submitted for State and EPA review and approval.
Before that approval could be obtained, the Environmental- Management Commission,
in response to concern over continuing water quality problems in the Chowan
River Basin, classified the entire drainage basin as nutrient sensitive.
There followed an extended period of uncertainty as to what that classification
would mean in terms of the level of wastewater treatment that municipalities
would be required to provide. This issue was resolved when Douglas Costle,
then Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencies, at the
request of North Carolina Governor James Hunt, convened a panel.of experts
to study the problem. The panel recommended that municipalities not be
allowed to have wastewater discharges to surface waters in the Chowan River
Basin. This recommendation has been accepted by the regulatory agencies.
`Source: Preliminary Engineering Report on Water and Sewer Improvements
for the Town of rJinton, June,1977,and Amendment i« 1 to the PA
1 Facilities Plan for Wastewater Treatment Facilities, February, 1981,-
L. E. Wooten and Company, Consulting Engineers, Raleigh, NC.

75
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76
The practical effect of accepting the recommendation was to require all
municipalities in the Chowan to utilize land application wastewater treatment
systems. Of the several types of land application systems developed, spray
irrigation is the most suitable for use by Winton. Several potential sites
for location of a spray irrigation facility were investigated, and on the
basis of close proximity to Town and availability of land, one site was selected
for detailed evaluation. The site has been found suitable, and the purpose
of the Amendment is to change the selected alternative in the 201 Plan to
a spray irrigation land application wastewater treatment plant to be located
at that site (see page 76).'
Selected Alternative:
As indicated above, the selected wastewater treatment alternative for the
Town of Winton is land application through the use of spray irrigation.
The site chosen for the location of this facility is shown on .Exhibit IV.34.
Selection of the site was based on soil type, proximity to the Town, and
availability of land.
Spray irrigation is a wastewater treatment process which utilizes plants,
soil surfaces, and the soil matrix is a final step in wastewater treatment.
Spray irrigation is capable of removing 980.1 of the oxygen demanding constituents
of wastewater, and 85% or more of the nitrogen and phosphorous in wastewater.
Partially treated wastewater is sprayed on the land through sprinklers. The
rate at which the wastewater is sprayed is controlled so that all the wastewater
percolates down through the soil and so that none of the wastewater runs
off the ground surface. Plants, soil bacteria, and naturally occurring chemical
reactions between constituents of the soil and constituents of the wastewater
remove pollutants and thereby purify the wastewater as it percolates through
the soil and ultimately into the groundwater. Facilities are provided to store
wastewater for those times when weather does not allow spraying.
A total of 75 acres will be.required for the spray area, and a 10.76 million
gallon storage lagoon is necessary. An additional area of 72 acres will be
needed for.the stabilization lagoon, storage lagoon, administration building,
and to buffer the spray site from surrounding areas.
The cost of constructing the spray irrigation facility and of operating and
maintaining this facility are estimated as follows:
1. Pump Station and Force Main • $375,000.00
2. Spray Irrigation Treatment System $1,876,000.00
3. Sewer System Evaluation and Rehabilitation $62,000.00
Total Construction Costs $2,313,000.00
4. Annual Operation and Maintenance Costs $29,200.00

STge/CIIgT/ON \
CqGOON
�AOMINI\
CNLp STRgT/pN eV/CDlIyG
CI1gMgER CONTgCT
SpRgY
ION f ,�'
PROPOSED WASTEWATER
TREATMENT FACILITIES
WINTON , NORTH CAROLINA
LIE WOOTEN AND COMPANY
CONSULTING ENGINEERS
RALE GI. I. C.
SR N5
V
V

M
PROPOSED
TREATMENT
PLANT SITE
7158 /mil
PROPOSED
10FORCE MAIN I
1
r
i
I
EXISTING
WASTEWATER
WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
PLANT
� F9
%-PROPOSED
PUMP I
SyATION
/
WINTON /
/
/ Ia01
LOCATION MAP SCALE- I"= 2000'
PROPOSED WASTEWATER
TREATMENT FACILITIES
WINTON , NORTH CAROLINA
L E. WOOTEN AND COMPANY
CONSULTING ENGINEERS
RAWQN. N. C.

79
The proposed pump station and force main will be eligible for 75% EPA and
12.5% State Clean Water Bond (CUB) financing, as will the work related to
the sewer system evaluation and rehabilitation. The treatment works will
be eligible for 85% EPA and 7.5% CWB funding. Land for the spray irrigation
system, storage lagoon, and part of the buffer area will be eligible for
85% EPA and 7.5% CWB funding. Remaining land costs must be borne entirely
by the Town. Financing for the project will therefore be as follows:
EPA Share
State Share
Local Share
$1,840,155.00
$ 188,072.50
$ 284,772.50
The construction of a land application system for the Town of Winton will
result in a reduction in the discharge of nutrients such as nitrogen and
phosphorus to the Chowan River. nutrients are the cause of the periodic
algae blooms that afflict the Chowan, reducing its value as a commercial
fishery, lowering its potential as a tourist attraction, and reducing its
recreational value. The restoration, or at least the improvement, of water
quality in the Chowan River can be considered as the primary beneficial impact
of the project.
The major secondary beneficial impact of the proposed project will be the
resumption of meaningful growth in the Winton area. The Town of Winton,
because of problems with its existing wastewater treatment facilities, cannot
now accept additional industrial sewer customers. Because of this limitation,
an industrial park planned near the Town has not been completed. Without new
industry, the jobs needed to sustain growth and to broaden the Town's economic
base will be lacking. By removing the largest obstacle to the location of
industries, the proposed project will encourage planned growth in the Winton
area.
In summary, the long-term benefits in eliminating potential health hazards,
protecting the environment, and enhancing the socio-economic conditions of
the planning area will definitely outweigh any possible short-term adverse
effects, which are articulated in the 201 Study itself.
A

m
Implementation Schedule:
The steps required to complete the project involve design and construction
of the project and arranging for financing of the project. These steps, and
the recommended schedule for completing them, is as follows:
Submit Step II/III State and EPA Grant Application Forms by April
10, 1981. .
Submit Step I Grant Increase Requests for detailed soils investigations.
by April 10, 1981.
Submit Grant/Loan Application to the Farmers Home Administration by
April 30, 1981.
Prepare for and hold additional bond referendum by July 1, 1981
(if determined necessary by the State and FmHA)..
Receive Step II/III State Grants by July 1, 1981.
Receive Farmers Home Administration Loan Commitment by November 1, 1981.
Submit plans and specifications by October 30, 1981.
Begin construction by April 1, 1982.
Co— lete ccnstructicr, and blegin operation n aprii i, 1983.
Attain operational level by July 1, 1983.
The proposed projects can certainly be classified as long-term productive
facilities. In considering the 20-year projection of population and waste
loads for the design of wastewater treatment facility, it can be clearly seen
that the proposed project is not a short-term solution in meeting the wastewater
treatment needs of the Winton 201 Planning Area. The construction of the project
will protect the assigned water quality standards of the receiving stream
since the treatment facility will be designed on the water quality objective
basis.
The availability of adequate wastewater treatment facilities should encourage
planned development, thereby resulting in more job opportunities for all
classes of people in the planning area.
r.

-11
3. School System.
As shown in the Table below, the existing conditions of the utilization rates and
pupil -teacher ratios suggest that C.S. Brown School is meeting the existing demand.
Data from the Department of Public Instruction suggest that the County has a very
stable system in terms of financial support and employee longevity. There have
been some previous discussions about a county -wide school consolidation, but at
this time it does not appear to be beyond the discussion stage.
PUBLIC SCHOOL FACILITIES
1979-80 School Year
Student Public Year
Capacity Teacher Teacher Grade Erected,
School Range Enrollment Allotment Ratio Taught Addition
Winton C.S. Brown 770-875 269 13 20.6 K-5 1910',76,a1
.47,48,51,54
59
4. Roads and Transportation.
As noted in the Hertford County Land Use Plan update, analysis of County's average
daily traffic counts shows a slow but steady increase in volume on the major roads
(US 13, 158, 258).
UTILIZATION OF PRIMARY ROADS
Hertford County, 1979
Primary Percent
Road Design of
Number Capacity ADT Utilization
US 13-NC 11 10,920 7,500 68
US 158 7,200 2,500 35
US 258 7,200 4,200 58
US 258 7,200 3,300 46
Source: North Carolina Department of Transportation.
The North Carolina Department of Transportation expects this increase in traffic
volume to continue.

m
US 13 and US 158 allow rapid by-pass of Winton. The limited utilization (35%)
shown above leads one to question the validity of draining what little traffic
there is out of downtown.
As shown on the Existing Land Use Map, only a few of the roads inside the
Town limits are not paved, though pavement generally needs improvement. Several
unpaved roads are shown in the one mile area which generally serves agricultural
and related residential uses.
From the Human Service aspect, the Choanoke Area Development Agency (CADA)
operates a national rural public transportation demonstration program in Hertford
and other counties. It is estimated that Hertford County generates 350 passenger
trips per day primarily for senior citizens and the mental health agency.
Service is currently available to Como, Murfreesboro, Harrellsville, Winton,
Union, and Ahoskie. Shortly,a regular fixed route system will be initiated
offering three days per week service.

m
G. Future Demand.
1. Population.
Relying on historical data of population changes for the Town of Winton,
projection of future population was accomplished through trend -line analysis.
The results of this method are presented in the table below.
POPULATION WINTON, NC
Historical Population Projected Population
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
582 � 8 44 835 917 8 5 993 1064
According to this method, and assuming the same trends between 1930 and 1980
continue, the Town of Winton will not meet the official definition of an urban
place (2,500 persons or more) until mid-2123 A.D. However, recent stimulation
in the Winton Township has demonstrated how location of an industry and
supporting infrastructure (rail) can dramatically reverse population patterns.
The population over 60 .Years of age is expected to increase by over 4% in the
next ten years; however, the 0-10 age groups ere expected to'decline by 5%.
A reduced concentration of minorities.is expected due to higher migration rates
which are anticipated.
There are no available estimates of seasonal population in -flow. Most of this
activity is week -end oriented, with .several homes used for recreational use along
the River. This inflow places additional demand upon the water system, streets,
and the existing septic system.
The distribution of population in the final census count shows that there are
353 housing units in Town, up 22.1% since 1970. The population per household
(preliminary count) is 2.77 persons per unit, down from 3.35 in 1970, and slightly
below the 1980 rate for Hertford County of 2.94..
The population implications projected for Winton over the next 20 years will
not burden the existing public services or those improvements planned for the
immediate future. However, the age distribution of the projected population
will have an impact on particular aspects of the public service sectors.and
may cause new concern for the local government.
ti I

2. Future Land'Need.
a. Residential Demand.
As shown above, the 1990 population of Winton is expected to be 993 persons.
Another projection done during the EPA 201 Study shows a considerably higher
number of 1,120 in 1990 ( and 1,230 in 2000). Using the lower estimate for
1990, and assuming the declining population per household (2.77) stops declining
(as it has since 1970; 12.2%), the Town's population will require 423 housing
units (993 divided by 2.77 = 359 divided by 1 - vacancy rate (.154) = 423).
There are now 353 housing -units in Winton, up from 289 in 1970, an increase
of 22.1%. The projected demand for housing represents an increase of 19.8%
over the next ten years.
At approximately one-half acre per unit, this means that 212 acres will be
required to meet the demand for residential development.
As'shown on the LandClassification Map, demand for some of.these housing
units is expected in the newly annexed area south west of Town. Additionally,
the Town Board's discussions of annexing other areas, plus the large amount of
vacant qut unavailable -for -sale land inside the current Town limits, provides
ample area to meet anticipated demand for residential uses.
Commercial Demand.
Estimates of commercial development have not been undertaken, given the
uncertainty of related developments in the area. The EPA 201 study projects
no significant chanqe in the rate of population growth and only a slight
change in density.within the urban area. However, the location of industries
in Winton Township could help revive the former commercial health of downtown
Winton. Currently, the Town Board discussions and the citizens survey have
indicated that various commercial establishments are desirable. There are
several vacant storefronts in Town, which provide adequate sites for revitalized
commercial activity. Additionally, there is apparently sufficient land already
zoned light and highway commercial in the Town limits to accommodate anticipated
developments. Winton could benefit from fostering a concerted revitalization
campaign to attract businesses.
c. Industrial Demand.
As outlined in the Hertford County Master Plan for Industrial Site Development,
there should be future demand in the Winton planning area for industrial
growth.
Two industrial sites have been purchased by the Hertford County Industrial
Authority. One site,which is to be developed for light industry,consists
c? 133.4 acres, and is located just west of Winton adjacent to Highway 13
and within the Winton one mile planning jursidiction. The other site is to
be developed as a heavy industrial site and is located east of Cofield on
Highway 45. Most direct access to this park, particularly from the north
is directly through the town of Winton.

92
Industrial development may be inhibited by the weak strength of the soils in
the two parks. However, their location with respect to Highway accessibility
at the Winton site, and rail and natural gas service at the Cofield site,
will compensate for this deficiency.
3. Community Facilities Demand.
Devel.opment of the planning area will require an increase in community services
such as water supply, transportation, power, fuel, etc.
The Town of Winton water supplies are currently derived from ground waters.
The water supplies are adequate to meet the increased demand as the planning
area grows. The development of the planning area will also demand an increase
in the supplies of fuel and electricity. An increase in power demand of
approximately 117,000 Kwh per year is expected from the proposed new wastewater
facilities. The availability of electricity and fuel in the planning area
is adequate to meet the future increased demand. Development of the planning
area is not expected to cause a drastic need for the expansion of the main
transportation system. The school has adequate capacity as shown above.
If and when these pressures exhibit themselves, the Town wishes to maintain
the existing densities permitted in the Town's Zoning Ordinance (see map
above).
Provision of adequate wastewater treatment facilities may increase development
pressure in all sections of the 201 planning area regardless of their intended
use. It should help the Town in implementing the intended land use goals in
the area.

uu
V. APPENDIX:
1. Excerpt, 15 NCAC 7H, Estuarine Shorelines.
2. Letter from Hertford County designating Town of Winton as CAMA Planning
jurisdiction (see page 88).
3. Citizen Survey questionnaire, January 15, 1981 (see pages 89 - 92).
4. Checklist for Land Use Plan (see pages 93 - 96).
5. Synopsis.
6. Excerpt, 15 NCAC, Public Trust Areas (seepages 104 - 110).

A
.0209 ESTUARINE SHORELINES
1e) Use Standards 575
11) All development projects, proposals, and, designs snall 577
substantially preserve- and not weaken or eliminate 578
natural barriers to erosion, including, but not limited 579
.to, peat marshland, resistant clay shorelines, cypress -
gum protective fringe areas adjacent to vulnerable 580
shorelines.
j2) All development projects, proposals, and designs shall 581
limit the construction of impervious surfaces and areas 582
not allowing natural drainage to only so much as is
necessary to adequately service the major purpose or 583
use for which the lot is to be developed. Impervious 584
surfaces shall not exceed 30 percent of the ABC area of
the lot, unless the applicant can show that such a 585
limitation will allow no practical use to be made of
the lot.
13) All development projects, proposals, and designs shall 586
comply with the following mandatory standards of the 587
North Carolina Sedimentation Pollution Control Act of
1973:
_[A) All development projects, proposals, and designs 589
shall provide for a -uffer zone along the margin 590
of the estuarine water which is sufficient to
confine _visible siltation within 25 percent.of the 591
buffer zone nearest the land disturbing.
development.
j0) No development project proposal or design shall 592
permit an angle for graded slopes or till which is 593
greater, than an angle wnich can be retained by
vegetative cover or other adequate erosion -control 594
devices,or structures.
_(C) All development projects, proposals, and designs 595
which involve uncovering more than one acre of 596
land shall plant a ground cover sufficient to
restrain erosion within 30 working days of 597
completion of the grading; provided. that this
shall not apply to clearing land for the purpose 598
of forming a reservoir later to be inundated.
j4) Development shall not nave a significant adverse impact 600
on estuarine resources. 601
NORTH CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CCD?-: 12/01/80 7-17

UZI
MCD - CCASTAL SANAGESENT 711 .0200
j5)
Development shall not significantly interfere with
602
existing public, rights of access to, Qr use of,
603
navigable waters or public resources.
S6)
No major public facility shall be permitted if such
604
facility is likely to require extraordinary public
605
expenditures for maintenance and continued use, unless
it can be shown that the public purpose served by the
606
facility outweighs the required public expenditures for
607
construction,•maintenance, and continued use. For the
purpose of this standard, "public Facility" shall mean
608
a project which is paid for in any part by public
funds.
S7)
In those instances where ground absorption sewage
609
disposal systems may legal' :e placed less than 100
610
feet from the mean or t,ormal high water mark of any
waters classified as S.A., such' systems shall be
611
permitted only if:
jA) The nitrification lines are separated trom the
613
seasonal high ground water by a minimum of 30
614
inches of suitable or provisionally suitable soil;
and
1U). It meets all the other applicable laws and rules
615
for 'ground absorption sewage disposal systems
616
adopted by the North Carolina environmental
management; and
JC) This Rule shall apply to ground aaso'rption sewage
617
disposal systems installed atter March 1, 1981.
618
18)
Development shall not cause major or irreversible
620
damage to valuable, documented historic architectural
621
or archaeological resources.
1
History
Note: Statutory Authority G.S. 113A-107(b)•;
624
113A-108,(a) ; 113A-113 (b) ;
625
EYE. September 9, 1977;.
62b
Amended Eff. June 1, 1980; October 230, 1979;
627
August 29, 1979; June 1, 1979.
b28
NORTH CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 12/01/80 7-18

qT
cner#furb C2uuu#g
Minton, 1. (9. 279s&
Orrice Or P. O. OOE 11e
BOARD Or COMMISSIONERS December 11, 1980 TELEPHONE 919/17E4971
Carter W. Jones, Mayor
P. 0. Box 206
Winton, North Carolina 27986
Dear Mr. Jones:
Thank you for your letter of December 9, 1980 requesting the the Board
of County Commissioners delegate their authority under the Coastal Area
Management Act for production of a Land Use Plan for the Town of Winton. We,
have been informed by the Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development that such permission is required.
Based upon the Community Development activities already untaken in
Winton and the availablity of well qualified technical assistance to your
Town, the Hertford Ibunty Commissioners hereby delegate the authority to
the Town of Winton to establish its own Coastal Area Management Act Land
Use Plan.
JWD/dhf
CC: John Crew
I
Sincerely,
r.�J. Wayne Deal
County Manager

n
of 6nton
(�o'W
90
CARTER W. ]ONES
Commisuonan: -
Mayor
Telephone [phone]
ULYSSES G. HALL
FLMHER LASSITER
IOTCX N. SEXTON
'W
lY/liLtOTI.
L 1
NOY�l1 �, QiOG1f1Q 27986
WESLEY LWERMAN
CLAYTON PILAND
T... Ci.rk trwma..d
THOMAS L. POPE
T.. C.11.
SURVEY OF THE TOWN OF WINTON
AND VACINITY (one mile)
PLEASE COMPLETE & RETURN IN THE ENVELOPE PROVIDED BY JANUARY 29.
A. PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS
1. Are you presently a resident of Winton? Yes No
... of its one mile vacinity? Yes _ No _
2. Educational Attainment (Check One):
Grammar School _; Junior High _; High School
College _.
3. Occupation:
4. Which age group are you in? (Check One Group)
15-18 _ 19-24 _ 25-35 36-45 _
46-55 _ 56-64 _ 65-Over
5. Sex (Check):
Male _ Female _
6. Race (Check):
Caucasian _ Black _ Other _
7. Give total number of years you have lived in the town or
within one mile of the town limits
8. Family Size:
1 person _ 2 to 4 persons _ 5 or more persons _
9. Which of the following applies to you.(Check One):
Own home _; Rent home _; Own other property in town or
one mile beyond town limits _
10. Marital status (Check):
Single _; Married _; Widow or Widower _; Divorced _
11. Are you presently (Check Olje): Employed _; Unemployed ;
Retired _; Full-time home a
12. Where is most or all of your income derived (Check One):
Winton _; Ahoskie _; Virginia _; Other (specify)
13. Have you ever attended a public hearing or meeting of the Town
Board of Commissioners?
Yes _ No _

C
20
B. DEVELOPMENT ISSUES
1. Please indicate the seriousness of each of the following
issues for your community using these responses:
"No" means No a problem in my community
"Slight" means A slight problem in my community
"Moderate" means A moderate problem in my community
"Serious" means A very serious problem in my community
Extent of problem in your community
Check vour res onse)
Nn
Sli ht
Moderate
Serious
A. Damage to wooded wetlands
B. Adequacy of commercial
development
C. Mobile home development
D. Further development of
commercial
docks
E. Septic tank failure
F. Availability of adequate
housing
G. Amount of industrial
development
H. Protection of cultural and
historical assets
I. Conversion of forested land
to agriculture
Y Incompatible uses of land
next to each other
K. Presence of dilapidated
and unsafe buildings
L. Man-made or natural hazards
M. Drainage of surface water
and of low lying lands
N. Excessive erosion
0. Lack of coordination among
Government regulations
regarding waterfront
development
P. Pollution of Chowan River
Q. Other Please state
2. What do you like most about the Town of Winton?

92
C. DIRECTION FOR THE FUTURE
1. Are you pleased with the direction the Town of Winton
development is taking? Yes _ No _
If so, please use this space to write the reasons you
are pleased. If not, please use this space to indicate
the changes you would like to see in the next ten years
and your reasons for them.
2. Which areas in the community are likely to experience
significant change in predominant land use in the next
ten years (Check one):
forest to agriculture ; residential to commercial
agricultural to industrial
other (specify)
3. What types of development, if any, should be encouraged over
the next ten years and how much?
A
A
A
Type of Development
None
Little
Moderate
Significant
Amount
Amount
A. Historic and
Cultural Attractions
B. Light industry to
employ local persons
C. Protection of
agricultural land.
D. Protection of natural
resources and wildlife
E. Residential
development
F. Commercial
development
G. Public sewer system
H. Mobile home parks
I. Recreation facilities
4. In your opinion, what are the major limitations upon development
in Winton? (Check One)
soils _; lack of active development campaign
water supply _; the by-pass (NC 13) _;
pollution of the River _; lack of updated sewer
priority on other towns in Hertford County
schools _; other (specify)

93
5. If you live in an area adjacent to the town limits, would
you like for your area to be annexed by the Town?
Yes Why?
No _ Why not?
6. Are there services which you would like for the Town to
provide that it currently dnan not? (please specify)
7. In your opinion, what areas within the Town and within one
mile of the town limits should be preserved (not developed)
over the next ten years? (Please identify as specifically
as possible).
8. In your opinion, which of the following should the Town adopt
as its policy for population growth during the next ten
years. (Check One)
Substantial increase Small increase
Remain the same size _ Reduce Population _
9. Specifically, what are any other issues or concerns that you
have about the future of Winton?
If you have any questions concerning this questionnaire or the Town's
Land Use Planning activities, please call Mrs. Joyce M. Sexton (35.8-3041)
or Rex Todd, Planning & Design Associates, P.A., (1-781-9004).
Thank you for your help. Please return this questionnaire in the
enclosed envelope by January 29, 1981.
RHT/gm
Enclosure

CHECKLIST FOR LAND USE PLANS
I. Data Collection and Analysis
Establishment of information base, including 48-50
1. manner in which data was assembled
2. statement of the major conclusion
Present conditions and economy, including 51-54
L. present population and economy analysis
2. impact of seasonal population
Existing land use analysis 54-60
1. significant land use compatibility problems
2, problems and implications from unplanned
development
3. identification of areas experiencir:g or
likely to experience changes_in predominant
land use
4. Areas of environmental concern
S. map of existing land use
Current plans, policies and regulations, including 60-69
1. listing and summary of significant existing local
pl ans_.agd _ pol iC.kts
2. listing and description of the means for enforce-
ment of all local existing land use! regulations
3. listing of all relevant federal and state
regulations (DNRCn to provide)
Constraints: Land suitability 69-70
1. physical limitations to development
a. hazard areas (man-made/natural)
b. soil limitation areas (shallow, poorly drnined,
septic tank limitations)
•c. water supply sources
d. excessive slope areas (over 12X1
2. fragile areas (min. req. 15 NCAC 7H)
3. areas with resource potential
Constraints: Capacity of community facilities (Discuss) 71
1. existing water and sewer service areas
2. design capacity of the existing water and sewage
treatment plants, schools, and primary roads
J. percentage at which existing facilities are
utilized
Estimated demand
1. population estimate for the upcoming ten years
2. future land need discussion
3. community facilities demand (types of facilities
and densities at: which land is to be developed)
DISCUSSION
Page
ED
ADEQUATF?
Yes No
0
C-7 O
0
56 0 Q
M
«i
MM
72& rTr"j
72
4M
0
0

II. Policy Statements
DISCUSSION OF POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
ALTERNATIVES STATEMENT STRATEGIES
Resource Protection Policies 7-23
1. policies on types of uses appro-
priate within the locality's AECs
2. constraints to development
3. specific local resource develop-
ment issues relative to•15 NCAC
7H
4, other hazardous or fragile land
areas
5. hurricane and flood evacuation
needs and plans ,
Page Page Page
7-= 10- 0 10-©
12-= 12-= 12-=
16-® 16- ® 16 IBA
19-© 19-rZT-
Resource Production and Management Policies 24-29
1. discussion of importance of
agriculture, forestry, mining,
fisheries and recreational resources
a, identification of most produc- 24&
tive areas
b. discussion of values of pro- 24&
tecting these areas
2. policy statements on:
a. productive agricultural lands
24
b. commercial forest lands
F—M
c. existing and potential mineral
production areas
d. commercial and recreational
fisheries
e. off -road vehicles
Economic and CommunityDevelopment Policies 29-38
1. discussion of types of development
which are, to be encouraged
a. discussion of redevelopment of
older areas/creation of new sub-
divisions, etc.
2. policies on types and locations of
industries desired
6
M
NA
N A
D
95
ADEQUATE?
yes
No
u
U
0
0
0
0
[3I
�
30-D-0
31�
Y

m
REQUIREMENTS
DISCUSSION .OF POLICY
ALTERNATIVES STATEMENT
Page page
IMPLEMENTATION ADEQUATE?
STRATEGIES Yes No
Page
3.
policies on local commitment to
©
©
32
providing services to development
4.
policies on types of urban growth
33-Q
33-
35
33-©
patterns desired
5:
policies on redevelopment of.
developable areas
6.
policies on commitment to federal
©
©
37
.and state programs in the area
7.
policies on assistance to channel
F77
iv H
N A
maintenance and beach nourishment
8.
policies on energy facility'siting
and development
9.
policies on tourism or beach and
waterfront access
Continuing
Public Participation Policies
1.
discussion of means by which public
39
39
39-570
participation in planning matters
was encouraged in plan update
process
2.
description of the means to be used
for public education on planning
issues
3.
description,of,the means to be used
ZED
for continuing public participation
Other
Specific Local Issues for Policy
Discussion
(from Attachment B)�
1. Water
problems _
71- 72
71
A
2, Sewer
problems_ _
14- ©
12.14-=
3.
0

97
III. Land Classification 43-47
Land Classification Map Showing the
Following:
1. Developed land
2. Transition land
3. Community land
4. Rural land
5. Conservation land
6. additional breakdown of standard
5 classes. -(optional)
IV.. Additional Requirements
1. Preliminary draft must contain a
submittal letter.
2. Final draft must contain an approval
letter'and a submittal level.
3. All municipal plans must have a letter from
their county designating the municipality
as a CAMA planning jurisdiction.
DISCUSSION
Pase
45
47
ADEQUATE?
Yes No
0

98
SYNOPSIS OF THE LAND USE PLAN OF
WINTON, NORTH CAROLINA: 1980-1990
I. Why Plan for the Town of Winton?
Winton was established as the County seat of Hertford County in 1764 and incorporated
as a Town in 1787.Located on the Chowan River, it was the first area of Hertford
County to experience commercial growth, as a center for waterborne transportation
exports and imports.
Its setting on the shores of the Chowan and its historic heritage still make
Winton a pleasant home for 825 people, at the heart of a township which contains
2007 more persons. The location of new industries and an increase in the governmental
sector provide opportunities for growth in this small rural community.
Analysis of future demand shows that the Town is projected to increase to a population
of 993 during the 10 year planning period. This will require an additional 75
homes inside the town and its unofficial one -mile planning area. These units
should provide housing for the expanding industrial base in the township and
compliment the Town's committment to provide services to developers, particularly
at the industrial park site on Hwy. 158/45.
II. Background...
Winton is recently the scene of impressive community development projects including
installation of a new water system, development of fifty-one units of law income
housing, development of one of Region Q's two Centers for Senior Citizens, and
receiving federal funding priority for installation of a new land -based wastewater
treatment system.
As part of its development guidance system, Winton has adopted a zoning ordinance,
developed subdivision regulations, a housing plan, and particpated in several
county planning and development studies.
In 1980, the Town Board of Commissioners received a grant under the Coastal Area
Management Act for preparation of the Land Use Plan for the Town of Winton: 1980-1990.'
This brief synopsis describes the purposes of that plan, its land classification
scheme, the plan's information base, and briefly outlines responsibility for
implementation of the Plan.

III. Purposes of the Land Use Plan.
The plan, then is the pivotal statement of policy for use by local, state and
federal officials in decisions regarding Winton's development over the next
10 years. Additionally, it is an important piece in the Land Planning efforts
of Hertford County and an important element in the state's plan for rational
and coordinated management of coastal resources.
The Coastal Area Management Act upon which this plan is based, works to protect -
areas of statewide concern within the coastal area. In the unofficial Winton
planning district, estuarine waters and shoreline, have been designated for such
protection. The Act also, through its guidelines for land use planning (15 NCAC 7B), -
sets forth important principles of land use planning which have been emphasized
in the Land Use Plan for the Town of Winton: 1980-1990.
1. This plan has environmental protection as a priority in its own right,
while at the same time, advocates appropriate economic and community
development.
2. This plan is based upon. real citizen participation in the planning process,
through the Town Board of Commissioners, citizen survey and public meetings.
3. This plan has a strong action orientation. Policies are stated as desired
situations twoard which the Town Board is willing to work.
4. This plan is a sound basis for continuation of earlier work in Winton
to improve the community for those who live and visit there.
5. This plan is designed for continuous improvement as new information becomes
available. It is to be updated at least once every five years, and more
frequently, if required by the Town Board.
These purposes and principles are represented in the heart of the Land Use Plan
for the Town of Winton, Section II, which sets forth explicit policy statements
for the future. The goals of each major policy section are briefly listed below,
leaving the reader to gain detail, alternatives considered, and implementation
strategies from the Land Use Plan itself. The Plan may be obtained by contacting
Joyce Sexton, Town Clerk, 358-3041.

100
Resource Protection Policies.
Safeguard and perpetuate the biological social, economic and aesthetic
value of the community's estuarine waters and estuarine shoreline.
Provide adequate wastewater treatment facilities in the Town of Winton.
Direct development with proper consideration of soils, particularly with
regard to density of development.
Protect areas prone to severe flooding from improper development.
Direct development so as to protect areas of greater than 12% slope.
Discourage extension of public services and facilities into prime farm
land and otherwise appropriately preserve prime farm land.
Protect areas now potentially usable for commerical forestry through proper
direction of community facilities and associated development financing.
Bolster protective and restorative efforts among owners of potentially
historic properties.
Rid the town of selected man-made hazards, particularly the dilapidated and
uninhabitable vacant structures.
Require development occurring near shorelines subject to erosion be set back
from the shoreline a distance determined adequate to minimize erosion on a
case -by -case basis, consistent with CAMA Guidelines for AEC's.
Resource Production Policies.
Set aside prime farm land through agricultural zoning and restrictive covenants
so as to keep such land available for production.
Develop the potential for commercial forestry only in parts of the Winton
planning area which are not designated for community and economic development.
Enhance the productiveness of commerical fishing activity in the Chowan River
through support of federal and state programs dealing with management and
production.
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101
Economic and Community Development Policies.
Achieve levels, types, and patterns of economic and community development
which are consistent with the historic character of the Town, raise local
employment levels, and otherwise contribute to the local economic base, so
as to implement the Land Classification Map.
Support efforts to recruit light industry to the nearby industrial park
Provide municipal services to development as an encouragement to new development
in the Winton area, on a selective basis.
Develop permanent residences in the older parts of Town, while establishing
areas for development of multi -family units.
Promote commercial development chosen by the citizen's survey and in the pattern
prescribed in the Land Classification Map.
Develop cultural and institutional land uses as shown on the Land Classification
Map, primarily near where such developments now exist.
Concentrate agricultural and forestry uses outside the existing Town limits
as shown on the Land Classification Map.
Undertake strategies to redevelop the existing Town, especially the business
district.
Support selected state and federal programs in the Winton planning area.
Prevent the location of large energy facilities within the one -mile planning area.
Permit development of a public/private waterfront access point as stipulated in
the Land Use Plan.
Continuing Citizen Participation Policies.
To achieve meaningful participation in land -use and related planning matters
in the Town of Winton and its planning area.
Other Policies.
Achieve better intergovernmental coordination with respect to development policies,
budgeting, and implementation, particularly with Hertford County government.

102
In the Winton Land Use Plan, each of these broad policy directions are prefaced
with a narrative which integrates the best available data; results from the
citizen survey and field examinations, Town Board work sessions, and interviews
with local, regional, and state officials; examination of current plans; and
consultant assessment. Under each major section, alternative policies which the
Town Board considered are presented, with the chosen policy and often a more
specific statement of intent (objective), and chosen implementation strategies.
As noted in the Plan, the Town has basically six methods of implementing the
plan and thereby guiding development in the patterns desired. These options include
fiscal policy (taxation), regulation (such as zoning), provision of capital
improvements (water extension -policy), condemnation (which could be used for
purposes of protecting public safety and health and promoting the public good),
purchase (which could be used in order to provide public access or increasing
recreational land use) and persuasion (such as working with private owners to
attract proper development upon voluntary sale).
From among these six options, the Land Use Plan for the Town of Winton relies upon
improving its capacity to extend services to development, persuasion to implement
its policies, and local ordinances and state and federal regulations, such
as CAMA. Taken together, the implementation strategies represent a coordinated
effort to stimulate rather than overly regulate development in the community
over the next ten years.
IV. Land Classification.
The Land Classification Map for the Town of Winton and its unofficial one -mile
planning area designated land within the five standard categories of:
developed; transition; community; rural; and conservation, and presents
special sub-categories.for the transition and rural categories. (See map on
page 44).
As shown on the Land Classification Map, the already incorporated area is.designated
"developed" since it is served by public water and wastewater and fire protection,
has a zoning ordinance, and a Town Board dedicated to community development.
In order to be most clear about types of development desired, the "transition"
category is sub -divided to promote or stimulate development in areas which were
anticipated or recommended for potential extension of public services. "Mixed"
uses, and "industrial" uses are thus promoted in areas outside the current Town limits
under the modified "transition" category.
There are no areas designated as "community" within the planning area, since there
are no unincorporated clusters of development within the one -mile area that will
not require water and sewer services.
Primarily because of the Town's policy of preventing mining activity within the
one -mile planning area, the rural category was sub -divided to include only
agricultural and residential uses within the "rural production" areas of the planning
districts.

103
Finally, the resource protection policies related to the community's estuarine
waters and shorelines rendered them to be designated as "conservation", stipulating
that no pubic funds, either direct or indirect, are to be used to encourage
development in the waters of Bath and Back Creek or within the salt marshes
themselves. This category includes all surface waters.
Information Base.
The remainder of the Winton Land Use Plan provides the information base upon which
the aforementioned policy statements and Land Classification Map were developed
by the Town Board. Data and analyses are presented regarding the Town's population
and economy; existing land use, current plans, policies, and regulations; constraints
to development imposed by the land and by community facilities, and estimates of
future demand. The Appendix also includes.material related to the construction
of that information base, notably excerpts from the CAMA regulations and the citizen
survey questionnaire.,
VI. The Winton Land Use Plan and You.
The Winton Land Use Plan, then, provides a sound basis upon which future development,
production, and preservation decisions can be made within the context of the total
community. It provides a visual pattern of desired development, and contains a
comprehensive array of action instruments for carrying out its policies. Beyond
that, the Plan is dependent mostly upon the elected officials, and ultimately
upon the citizens of the planning area to work towards its fulfillment. Addit4�nally
it is the responsibility of private developers and state and federal governmental
agencies to consult this plan for the Town of Winton as a statement by local citizens
of the manner in which they want their community to grow and prosper.

104
NR&CD - COASTAL MANAGEMENT
7H . U200
and establish a management system capable of conserving and 327
utilizing estuarine waters so as to maximize their .benefits to.
man and the estuarine system. 328
1d) Use Standards. Suitable land/water uses shall be thos4 329
consistent with the management objectives in this Rule. Highest 330
priority of use shall he allocated to the conservation of
estuarine waters and its vital components. Second priority of 331
estuarine waters use shall be given to those types of development 332
activities that require water access ind use which cannot
tunction elsewhere such as simple access channels; structures to 333
prevent erosion; navigation channels; toot. docks, marinas, piers, 334
wnarts, and mooring pilings.
In every instance, the particular licition, use, and design 335
characteristics shall be in accord with the 3eneril use standard- 336
sox coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, iud Fuulic trust area.; 337
described in Regulation .0208 of this Secti-in.
History Note: Statutory Authority G.S. 113A-107(a); 340
113A-107 (b); 113A-113(b) (2) ; 341
Etf. September 9, 1977; 342
Amended Eff. January 24,.1978. 343
.0207 PUBLIC TRUST' AREAS 145
1d) Description. Public trust area:: err ill waters oL tn-: 347
Atlantic Ocean and the lands thereun.ler tL,m tue mean ni3n xateL 34n
m.rk to the seaward limit of state, jura33ieti011; all t,atUiral
bodies of water subject to measurable Lunar tides and lands 3414
thereunder to the mean high water mark;,all uaviyaLle naturil 350
Ladies of water and lands tnereunder to tn,i mean ailh water !evil
or mean water level as the case may he, except privately-awne.l 351
lakES to which the public has no rignt of ,access; all water is 352
artificially created bodies of water :outaininy silnitic-int
lublic fishing resources or other public resources which ar.= 353
accessible to the public by 11aviyatioti tram hodies or water in 354
wnicn the public nas rignts of navigation; and all wdtcrs in 355
--rtificially created bodies of water in wnicn the public La:;
acquired rights.by prescription, custom, usdye, dedication, or 350
any other means. In determining whether the public nas acyuirel
Lights in artificially created bodies of water, the following 357
factors shall be considered:
(1) tee use of the body of water by the public, 35i
(:) the length of time the public i:a_; u:;ed the area, 360
(3) the value of public resources ib ti.e Lla1y of water, 361
14) wbet ner the public resources i;: tue b..)d; of water ar. 363
mobile to the extent tnat they c.an mJve lilt) naturil.3h�
Bodies of 'water,
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NRL'CD - CCASTAL dANAGEdENT 7H .0200
15) whether the creation of the artificial body of water 365
required permission from the state, and 366
16) the value of the', body of water to the public for 367
navigation from one public area to another public area. 368
jb) Signiticance. The public uas ri3nts in these areas, 370
including navigation and recreation. In addition, these areas 371
support valuable commercial and sports Lisneries, nave aesthetic
value, and are important resources for economic development. 372
lc) Management Objective. To protect public rights for 373
navigation and recreation and to preserve and manage the public 374
trust areas so as to safeguard and perpetuate their biological,
economic and aesthetic value. 375
1d) Use Standards. Acceptable uses shall be those consistent 376
with the management objectives in 1c) of this Rule. In the j77
absence of overriding public benefit, any use wnich.significahtll
interferes.wita the public right of navigation or other public 376
trust rights which the public may be fcun.i to have in these areas 379
shall not be allowed. The development of navigational channels
cr arainage ditches, the use of bulkheads to prevent erosion, ani 380
the building of piers, wharfs, or marinas are ¢:xamp1es of usas 381
that may be acceptable within public trust areas, provided that
such uses will not be detrimental to the public trust rights and
the biological and physical tuucti)ns of tnt? estuary. prajects a1+3
which would directly or indirectly block or impair eiistin3 384
lavigation channels, increase shoreline erosion, depcsit spoii:�
telow mean high tide, cause adverse water circulation patterns, 185
violate water quality standards, cr causa degraiation of 366
shellfish waters are generally considered inc6mEdtiblc witG thci
management policies of public trust areas. In every instdncf, jd7
the particular location, use, and design characteristics shall u,: JPa
in accord with the general use standards for coastal wetianns,
E-stuarine waters, and public trust areas. 3dv
Ilistory Note: Statutory Authority G.S. 113A-107(a); a92
113A-107 (b) ; 113A-113 (b) (5) ; j93
Eff. September 9, 1977. 394
.0208 USE STANDARDS 396
(a) General Use Standards 397
11) Uses which are not water dependent will c,at !,a 39'1
permitted in coastal wetlands, estuarine water:;, and 400
public trust waters. ri stiurants0 residences,
apartments, motels, hotels, trailer packs, private 401
roads, factories, and parking lots art examples or use.;
that are not water dependent. Uses that are water 402
dependent may include: utility easements; docks; 4Uj
wharfs boat ramps; dredgin3; Dviu)cs and t,ria,a
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106
NRECD - COASTAL MANAGEMENT 7H .0200
approaches; revetments, oulkheads; culverts; groins; 404
navigational aids; mooring pilings; navigational '
channels; simple access channels and drainage ditcaes. 405
.12) Before being granted a permit by tae CRC or local 406
permitting authority, there shall be a finding that tae 407
applicant has complied with the following standards:
_(A) The location, design, and need for development, as 409
well as the construction activities involved must 410
be consistent vita the stated management
objective.
1B) Before receiving approval for location of a use or 411
development within these AECS, the permit -letting 412
authority shall find that no suitable alternative.
site or location outside of the AEC exists for the 411
use or development and, Curtner, twat the
applicant has selected a combination of sites and 414
design that will have a minimum adverse impact
upon the productivity and biologic integrity of 415
coastal marshland, shellfish beds, submerged griss
beds, spawning and nursery areas, important 416
nesting and wintering sites for waterfowl ani
v_ildlife, and important natural erosion barriers 417
(cypress fringes, marshes, clay soils).
_CC) Development shall not violate water and .air 418
quality standards. 419
Jr) Development shall not cause major or irreversihl,: 420
damage to vdlueLle documented archaeological or 421
historic resources.
SE) Development shall not measurably increase 422
siltation. 423
jF) Development shall not create stagnint water 424
_bodies. 425,
jG) Development'shall be timed to nave minimum adverse 426
significant affect on life cycles of estuarine 427
resources.
jH) Development shall not impede navigation or creat,a 428
undue interference with access to, or use of, 429
public trust or estuarine waters.
11) Development proposed in estuarine waters must alz:) 430
he consistent with applicable standards for to;, 431
ocean hazard system AECS set forth in Section
.0300 of this Subchapter.
S3) When the proposed development is in conflict with tu:- 431
general or specific use standards set forth in this 434
Hule, the CRC may approve the development it ta.)
dpplicdnt can demonstrate that the activity associated .439
witn the proposed project will have public benefits as
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107
NRECD - COASTAL MANAGEMENT 7H .0200
identified in the findings and goals of the Coastal 436
Area Management Act, that the public benefits clearly 437
outweigh the long range adverse effects of the project,
that there is no reasonable and prudent alternate site 438
available for the project, and that all reasonable
means and measures to mitigate adverse impacts of the 439
project have been incorporated into the project design
and will be implemented at the applicant's expense. 440
These measures taken to mitigate or minimize adverse 441
impacts may include actions that will:
Jk) minimize or avoid adverse impacts by limiting the 443
magnitude or degree of the action; 444
J8) restore the affected environment; or 445
jC) compensate for the adverse impacts by replacing or 447
providing _substitute resaurces. 448
sb) Specific Use Standards 450
S1) Navigation Channels, Canals, and Joat basins. 452
Navigation channels, canals and boat basins must he 453
aligned or located so as to avoid highly productive
shellfish Leds, beds of submergent vegetation, or 454
regularly and irregularly flooded marshes.
12) Hydraulic Dredging 455
jA) The 'terminal end of the dredge pipeline should he 457
positioned at a distance sufficient to preclude 458
erosion of the containment dike and a maximum
distance from spillways to allow adequate 459
settlement of suspended solids.
jb) Dredge spoil must be either confined on nigh 460
ground by adequate retaining structures or if the.461
material is suitable, deposited on beaches for
purposes of renourishment, with the exception of 462
(G) of this Subsection (b) (2) .
IC) Confinement of excavated materials shall be ou 463
high ground landward of regularly and irregularly 464
flooded• marshland and with adequate soil
stabilization measures to prevent entry of 405
sediments into the adjacent water bodies or marsh.
ID) Effluent from diked areas receiving disposal troa 466
hydraulic dredging operations must be contained oy 467
pipe, trough, or similar device to a point
waterward of emergent vegetation or, tinare local 4u9
conditions require, below mean low water.
IE) When possible, ettluent from diked disposal areas 463
shall be returned to the area being dredged. 470
IF) A water control structure must be installed at tun 471
intake end of the effluent piEe. 472
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iud
NRECD - CCASTAL MANAGEMENT 7H .0200
jG)
Publicly funded projects will be considered by
473
review agencies on a case by case basis with
474
respect to dredging methods and spoil disposal.
SH)
Dredge spoil from closed shellfish waters and
475
effluent from diked disposal areas used when
476
dredging in closed shellfish raters shall be
returned to the closed shellfish waters.
477
S3) Drainage Ditches
478
JA)
Drainage• ditches located through any marshland
480
shall not exceed six feet wide by four feet deep
481
(from ground surface) unless the applicant can
show that larger ditches are necessary for
482
adequate drainage.
jB)
Spoil derived from the construction or maintenance
483
of drainage ditches through regularly flooded
484
marsh must be placed landward of these marsh areas
in a manner that will insure that entry of
485
sediment into the water or marsh will not occur.
Spoil derived from the construction or maintenance.486
of drainage ditches through irregularly flooded
marshes shall be placed on non -wetlands wherever
487
feasible. Non -wetland areas include relic
disposal sites.
SC)
Excavation of new ditches through high ground
488
shall take place landward of a temporary earthen
489
plug or other methods to minimize siltation to
adjacent water bodies.
Drainage ditches shall not have a significant
490
_LD)
adverse effect on officially designated primary
491
nursery areas, productive shellfish beds,
submerged grass beds, or other documented
492
important estuarine habitat. Particular attention
should be placed ou the effects of freshwater
493
inflows, sediment, and nutrient introduction.
Settling basins, water gates, retention structures
494
are examples of design alternatives that may be
used to minimize sediment introduction.
495
14) Nonagricultural
Drainage
496
SA)
Drainage ditches must be designed so that
498
restrictions in the volume or diversions of flow
499
are minimized to both surface and ground water.
JB)
Drainage ditches shall provide for the passage or
500
migratory organisms by allowing free passage. of
501
water.of sufficient depth.
SC)
Drainage ditches shall not create stagnant water
502
pools or significant changes in the velocity of
503
flow.
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bRSCD - CCASTAL GANAGEdENT
7H .0200
1D) Drainage ditches shall not divert or restrict 504
water flow to important wetlands or marine
505
habitats.
15) Marinas
506
1A)
Marinas shall be developed on non -wetland sites or
508
in deep waters (areas - not requiring dredging) and
509
shall not disturb valuable shallow water and
vetland habitat, except for dredging necessary for
510
access -to high ground sites.
1B)
Privately -owned marinas which involve use of
511
public bottoms and waters shall not be permitted
512
unless adequate compensation is made to the public
by purchase of an easement from the state. These
513
easements should be for a limited period. This
requirement shall be met by showih3 compliance
514
with state laws and regulations regarding
easements over public waters.
1C)
Marinas shall: (i) be designed to minimize use of
515
public waters by encouraging an appropriate mix of
516
dry storage areas, public launching facilities,
and berthing spaces; (ii) provide adequate pump-
517
out stations for wastewater disposal from boats;
and Liii) demonstrate toe implementation of all
518
necessary means and measures to minimize the
impact of pollutants likely to be emitted by tha
519
operation of the marina and attendant vessels uEon
the natural systems.
520
1D)
Marinas shall be designed to minimize adverse
521
effects on navigation and public use of waters
522
while allowing th'e applicant adequate access to
deep waters.
f6) Docks
and Piers
523
lA)
Docks and. piers soall not significantly intertece
525
with water flows.
526
1B)
To preclude the adverse effects of saading marsa
527.
vegetation, structures -wnich are built over
528
vegetated marsh shall not exceed six feet in
width, except that "T"s or platforms at the 529
waterward end are not restricted to tuese
dimensions but cannot have a total area of more 530
than 500 square feet.
1C) The structure must not present a navigational 531
hazard and must not, except where necessary, 532
extend any closer tnan 80 teet trom the edge of a
federally maintained cnannel. Piers shall be 533
designed to minimize adverse effects on navigation
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NRECD - CCASTAL MANAGEMENT 7H .0200
and public use of waters, voile allawing the 534
-
applicant adequate access to deep waters.
j7) Bulkheads and Shore Stabilization Measures
535
SA)
Bulkhead alignment, for the purpose of shoreline
537
stabilization, must approximate mean nigh water or
538
normal water level.
1B)
Bulkheads shall be constructed landward of
539
significant marshland or marshgrass fringes.
540
1C)
Bulkhead fill material shall be obtained from an
541
approved upland source, or if the bulkhead is a
542
part of a permitted project involving excavation
from a non -upland source, the material so obtained
543
may be contained behind the bulkhead.
SD)
Bulkheads or other structures below approximate
544
mean high water or normal_water level for the
545
purpose of reclaiming land lost to erosion shall
be permitted only where there is an identifiable
546
erosion problem. Where sucn a problem is shown to
547
exist, only the area shown to have eroded in the
previous year from time of application may De
548
bulkheaded and filled.
JE) Where possible, sloping rip -rap, gauions, or 549
vegetation may be used rather than vertical 550
seawalls.
aistory Note: Statutory Authority G.S. 113A-107(a); 553
11.3A-107 (b) ; 113A-113 (b) ; 554
Eff. September 9, 1977. 555
Amended Eff. August 6, 1979; June 1, 1979. 556
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