Land Development Plan-1976

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LAND DEVELOPMENT PLAN
AS
MANDATED
BY
THE COASTAL AREA MANAGEMENT ACT
OF 1974
TOWN OF WINDSOR
MAY 21,1976
it I 1
� . C DEPT. Or NATURAL''
RESOURCES & CO-,iRi. DEV.

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LAND DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Windsor, North Carolina
May 21, 1976
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Prepared By
WINDSOR PLANNING BOARD
R. V. Thompson, Jr., Chairman
Ernest L. Carraway, Jr. Uriah Coulbourn
Annette Bond Marshall Williford
Dan Bowen Cecil Harden
Lawrence Carter Larry .Ivey
Richard Cooke John Pierce
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WINDSOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Wesley Gray William G. Pittman
James E. Harrell Mary Willoughby
Joe Rhea,. III Rev. Berkley Heckstall
W. A. Mountain William R. Cratt
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For
THE CITIZENS OF WINDSOR
To'Be Implemented By
WINDSOR TOWN COMMISSION
Lewis T. Rascoe, Mayor.
L.- T. Liverman, Jr.
Nathan R. Copeland
Ted R. Shaw, Jr.
John A. Walker
PROJECT STAFF
George L. Nicho-ls, Project Planner
Mary Noe, Secretary
Debra Ingalls, Secretary
Danny Smith, Draftsman—

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I. Introduction
2
Purpose of the plan, history of CAMA planning effort
4
II. Description of Present Conditions
12
A. Population and Economy
13
B. Existing Land Use
34
1. Legible map of existing land uses
35
2. Analysis
a, significant compatibility.problems
43
b. problems from unplanned development with implications
for future land use
.44
c. areas experiencing or likely to experience major land
use changes
44
C. Current Plans, Policies, and Regulations
46
1. Plans and Policies
46
a. transportation plans
46
b. community facilities plans
46
C. utilities extension policies
47
d. open space policies
47
e. recreation polici,es
47
f. prior land use plans
47
g. prior land use policies
48
2. Local Regulations
48
a. zoning ordinances
48
b. subdivision regulations
48
c. floodway.ordinances
49
d. building codes
49
e. septic tank regulations
49
f. historic districts regulations
49
g. nuisance regulations
49
h. dune protection ordinances
49
i. sedimentation codes
49
A. environmental impact statement ordinances
49
3. Federal and State Regulations
50

III: Public Participation Activities
52
A.
Identification and analysis of major land use issues
53
1. The impact of population and economic trends
54
2. The provision of adequate housing and other services
55
3. The conservation of productive natural resources
57
4. The protection of important natural environments
57
5. The protection of cultural and historic resources
58
B.
Alternatives considered in -the development of the objectives,
policies and standards.
58
C.
Land use objectives,.policies and standards for dealing with
each identified major issue.
59
.D.
A brief description of the process used to determine objecti-
ves, policies and standards, emphasizing pub.li.c participation
70
E.
A detailed statement outlining the methods employed in
securing public participation, and the degree of.participation
achieved and the results obtained
70
IV. Constraints
75
A.
Land Potential
.77
1. Physical limitations
77
a, hazard areas
-77
b,, soil limitations
80
c. water supply areas .
84
d. steep slopes
87
2. Fragile Areas
87
a. coastal wetlands
87
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b. outer banks sand dunes
87
c. ocean beaches and shorelines
87
d. estuarine waters
87
e. public trust waters
87
f, complex natural areas
88
g, areas sustaining remnant species
88
h. areas containing unique geologic formations
88
i. registered natural landmarks
88
J. archeologic and historic sites
88
3. Areas with Resource. Potential
88
a, productive agricultural lands
88
b. potentially valuable mineral sites
88
c. publicly -owned lands and other non -intensive
outdoor recreation lands
88
d. privately -owned wildlife sanctuaries
89
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B.
Capacity of Community Facilities.
89
1. Identification of existing water and sewer service areas
89
2. Design capacity of existing water treatment plant,
sewer treatment plant, schools, and primary roads
89
3. The percent utilization of water and sewer plants,
schools, and primary roads
93
V. Estimated
Demand
100
A.
Population and Economy
101
1. Population
101
a. ten-year population projection
101
b. considerations taken into account in preparing ten-
year projection (seasonal populations, local objecti-
ves, social and economic change)
101
c. 5, 10, 25, and 50 year projections
102
d. relationship of long-term projections to desires of
the people
104
e. relationship of the capabilities of the land and water
to sustain them
104
f. examination of seasonal population and economic impacts
104
2. Economy
104
identification of major trends and factors --in economy
B.
Future Land Needs
105
Use of the ten-year population projection to determine land
demand for land classification
C.
Community Facilities Demand
107
1. Ten-year population projection used to determine
facilities demand
2. Consideration of the type and cost of services needed to
accommodate projected population
3. Considerati'on of the ability of the local economy to finance
service expansion
VI, Plan
Description
115
A.
Description of the Land Classification System
116
B.
Projected population growth allocation to Transition,
Community and Rural Land classes, based upon local
objectives
119
C.
Gross population densities used to allocate Transition and
Community classifications
126.
D.
A legible Land Classification Map which is consistent with
local objectives, policies and standards
121
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VII. Potential Areas of Environmental Concern 122
VIII. Summary 126
A. Discussion of the manner of data assembly, analysis,
and a statement of.major conclusions 127
B. Discussion of the application of the data to the plan's
formulation 138
IX. City -County Plan Relationship Defined 139
X. Appendices 142a-154b
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE DESCRIPTION
1 Population Trends, Bertie County and Windsor Town,
1940-1970
2 Population Distribution Change by Age Groups, Windsor,
1960 and 1970
3 Sex Ratio, Windsor, Bertie County, and State
4 Population by Age and Sex, Windsor, 1970
5 Elderly Population, Bertie County, Windsor Township, and
Windsor Town, 1960 and.1970
.6 White and.Non-White Population, Bertie County, Windsor
Township and Windsor Town, 1960 and 1970
7 Population Distribution Change by Age Group and Race,
Windsor Town, 1970
8 Comparative Educational Attainments, 1970
9 Manufacturing Firms, Windsor Planning Area, 1975
10 Employed Persons 14 and Older by Industry, Windsor
Township, 1970
11 Employed Persons 14 and Older by Occupation, Windsor
Township, 1970
12 Travel Expenditures, Bertie County, 1973-74
13 Families by Poverty Status, Windsor Township, 1970
14 Families and Unrelated Individuals Income,~ Windsor`
Township, 1970
15 Approximate Land Use by Acre, Windsor Planning Area, 1975
16 Chemical Analysis of Water, Windsor, 1974
17 Soil Interpretations, Windsor
18 Primary Roads, Town of Windsor, 1975
19 'Bertie County Schools Average Daily Membership Projection,
Bertie County, 1974
20 Public School Facilities, Bertie County, 1973-74
21 Plan for Reorganization,.Bertie County
22 . Population Projections, Town of Windsor, 1975-2020
23 Population Estimates, Town of Windsor, 1985-2020
24 Projected Average Water Demand, Town of Windsor, 1975
25 Projected Average Wastewater Flow, Windsor, 1975
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102
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109
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1-a
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APPENDIX
Housing Inventory, Windsor 145-a
Household Size, Windsor Township and Town 146-a
Housing Overcrowding, Windsor Township
and Town 147-a
Black Overcrowding, Windsor Township
and Town 148-a
Owner Occupied Units, Windsor 149-a
Incomplete Plumbing, Windsor Township
and Town 150-a

LIST OF MAPS
MAP
NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
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Map
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,Regional Setting
Map
2
Windsor Planning Area
Map
3
Existing Land Use
Map
4
Flood Hazard Area
Map
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Soil Associations
Map
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Water and Sewer Service Area
Map
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Land Classification
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PAGE
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35
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90 .
121

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•Greenville
Washington
New Bern
A MAP 1
REGIONAL SETTIN
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INTRODUCTION
SECTION ONE

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- _�ATERRIT�IA`
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TOWN
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MAP 2
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WINDSOR; N:C.
IN TOWN PLANNING AREA
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EXTRATERRITORIAL PLANNING AREA PLANNING AREA

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"The coastal area of North Carolina is one of the most important regions...
for food production, future expansion of commerce, industry and recreation.
To enable orderly growth and protection of important natural resources of this
area, the 1974 General Assembly passed the Coastal Area Management Act."'
This state law requires all local government in Coastal North Carolina
counties and towns to develop a land use plan (blueprints) for their future
growth. This Land Use Plan is the official guide for the future development of
Windsor and its extraterritorial jurisdiction. The Plan allocates various uses
of land to specific areas so as to correct inadequacies in past land development
patterns and to assure appropriately related future development.
In order to accomplish the goals and objectives of this Plan, future develop-
ment of physical facilities must be based on this plan. Functional plans such
as those for water and sewage facilities, parks and open spaces, transportation,
and public buildings should follow directly the guidelines set forth in the Land
Use Plan.
To accomplish the goals and objectives of this Plan, the adoption of imple-
mentation programs is a necessity. Legal tools such as Zoning Ordinances and
Subdivision Regulations will adhere to the Plan. Also, capital improvement
programs as well as short and long-range financial plans should serve to carry
out plan objectives.
Utilization of this Land Use Plan, functional plans, and financial programs
as a comprehensive approach to development, redevelopment, and the provision of
1N.C. Agricultural Extension Service and N.C. Department of Natural and
Economic Resources, Coastal Area Management: A New Look on the Horizon, Misc.
Ext. Publication No. 131 (Raleigh: N.C. Agricultural Extension, 1974), p. 1.
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services will result in more cost effective use of public funds and a higher
quality of life for community residents.
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This plan assesses present land use patterns and problems within the Study
Area and sets forth objectives and recommendations for alleviating those problems. `
It analyzes possible future land development problems and needs, and recommends
procedures for avoiding problems and meeting the needs of the future population.
Most importantly, this document provides a policy guide for use by the Planning •
Board, the Town Administrator, and Town Commission for making day-to-day
decisions bearing on land development and services.
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Throughout this Plan, reference will be made to the Study Area or the
Windsor Planning Area. However, in some instances, due to data limitations,
references will be made to Windsor Township and/or Bertie County. This Study •
Area consists of the Town of Windsor and its extraterritorial zoning jurisdiction.
The Windsor Town Commission has legal authority to guide future growth and develop-
ment through the administration of a zoning ordinance and subdivision regulations, •
as well as through extension of municipal services. Thus, this Land Use Plan
considers the land area contiguous to the Town, since some new development is
projected to occur there due to its undeveloped character. Map Two, depicts •
the Study Area boundaries.
North Carolina CODE, Part 1 of Article 19, provides the enabling legislation
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for the cities and towns within the State to create or designate one or more
planning agencies.: In part, Section 160A-361 of Article 19 states:
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"Any
city may by ordinance create or designate one or more
agencies to perform the following duties:
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(1)
Make studies of the area within its jurisdiction and
surrounding areas;
(2)
Determine objectives to be sought in the development
of the study area;
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(3)
Prepare and adopt plans for achieving these objectives;
(4)
Develop and recommend policies, ordinances, adminis-
trative procedures, and other means for carrying out
plans.in a coordinated and efficient manner;
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(5)
Advise the council concerning the use and amendment of
means for carrying out the plans;
(6)
Exercise any.functions in the administration and
enforcement of various means for carrying out plans that
the council may direct;
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(7)
Perform any other related duties that the council may direct..."
Article 19 further provides that the planning agency may prepare a zoning
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plan, including both text and maps showing the various zoning districts. -Pur-
suant to Section 160A-383 of that same Article, those zoning regulations are to .
be made in accordance with a comprehensive plan and designed to lessen street
• congestion, to secure safety from fire, panic, and other dangers; to promote
health and general welfare; to provide adequate light and air; to prevent the
overcrowding of land; to avoid undue concentrations of populations; and to
• facilitate the adequate provision of transportation, water, sewerage, schools,
parks and other public requirements.
METHODOLOGY
This land use plan is divided into ten major sections. SECTION ONE, the
Introduction, is designed to provide the reader with a general historic and geo-
graphic description of the Windsor Planning Area. SECTION TWO is a description of
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present conditions in the area. It contains background data on the physical,
urban, and built-up characteristics of the environment. As with any formal 40
planning document, the existing development patterns must be analyzed prior to
a discussion of future development. SECTION THREE consists of public partici-
pation activities. These activities are discussed in the context of citizen
identified major land use issues and problems. The discussion of land use
development constraints constitutes the FOURTH SECTION. SECTION FIVE addresses
estimated population and economic demands. Future land needs and community
facilities demands are included. SECTION SIX is the plan description which
discusses the land classification system. Areas of environmental concern are
addressed in SECTION SEVEN. SECTION EIGHT is designed to summarize the content
of the plan with statements of major conclusions. SECTION NINE defines the
town -county relationship. The TENTH and final section Is the Appendixes. It
contains a housing inventory and analysis, and a description of the "Class
C" Stream Classification System.
As mentioned previously, an analysis of certain background data is essential
to an understanding of the recommendations and policy statements set forth here- t
in. Geographic, demographic, and economic data are necessary components of back-
ground materials, as are data concerning the present land use and development
pattern. The data originated from a variety of sources. Demographic and r
economic information was compiled from the United States Census of Population,
and several regional plans and documents. In addition, the recommendations of
the Plan have been coordinated with the plans of the Mid -East Commission, the
regional planning agency for Bertie"County, and Bertie County Land Use Plan to
Insure that conflicts do not arise among these documents.
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In mapping the existing land uses in the Windsor Area, a modification of
the conventional land use categories was used. "These categories are
generalized and are designed to be compatible with those suggested by the U.S.
Department of Interior."2 The land use categories used are as follows:
A. URBAN AND BUILT-UP
Residential
2. Commercial
3. Industrial
4. Communication and Utilities
5. Government and Institutional
6. Cultural, Entertainment, and Recreation
7. Barren
B. AGRICULTURE
0 C. FORESTLAND
D. WATER
The residential category includes all single-family, multi -family, mobile
9 homes, and mobile home courts;
Commercial and business includes all private activities which function to
make a profit by the sale of goods and services.
Industrial category includes manufacturing firms as well as industrial
firms;
Communication and Utilities includes public utility substations such as
water and sewer, telephone substations, etc.
Government and Institutional includes public and semi-public buildings,
such as post offices, courthouses, fire stations, churches, town hall, public
schools, and all cemeteries;
Cultural, Entertainment, and Recreation classification includes any publicly
owned area, providing facilities for swimming, picnicking, hunting, fishing,
camping, boating, or other recreational, cultural and entertainment activities;
2State Guidelines -for Local Planning in the Coastal Area Under the Coastal
Area Management Act of 1974 G.S. 113A-107 e , 19751, p. 27.
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Barren includes all vacant and undeveloped lots, and parcels of land:
Agricultural consists primarily of rural small and large farm lands; •
Forestland mainly consists of productive wooded lands; and Water consists
of surface bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, streams, etc.
HISTORICAL SETTING
Present day Windsor was invisioned by William Gray. In 1768 Gray donated
100 acres of land for a town site, then called Gray's Landing. The area soon
became the center of commerce serving as a navigation point for barges and pas- S
senger boats from the Albemarle Sound. Business reached as far as the West
Indies via Hatteras Inlet.3
The Colonial Assembly met in December, 1767 and on January 8, 1768, the
Assembly passed an act "to create New Windsor on the Cashie River." Cullen
Pollock, David Standley and Thomas Ballard were appointed the town's first
commissioners. Mainly, they were charged the responsibility of selling lots. In f
1817, the North Carolina General Assembly acted to incorporate the Town
granting the Town Commissioners additional administrative powers.
The Cashie River, the principal mode of travel, was important to Windsor's 0
commerce and remained until the latter 19th century. "Only coming of the rail
road in 1889 diminished and finally, in 1933, killed off this waterborne
traffic."4 •
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3Bill Sharpe, A New Geography of North -Carolina, Vol. IV, (Raleigh, NC:
Sharpe Publishing Company, Inc., 1965), p. 173.
4Ibid.
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Today, Windsor, a town of 2,300 and the Bertie County Seat, still maintains
• its status as the center of county social, cultural and political activities.
As with most American towns, the availability of some mode of transportation
was the single most important factor leading to initial urban development of
Windsor. A basic pattern of east to west and south to north has continually played
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a dominant role in the development of Windsor, beginning with the early plank
roads, railroads, river traffic and continuing with hard surfaced roads. The
• expansion of U.S. Highway 17 and 13 are recent developments to this pattern.
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The Town of Windsor is located within Bertie County in the North Central
a Coastal Plain of North Carolina. The town is approximately 1.2 square miles with
the total study area being approximately 7.9 square miles. Approximately twenty-
six (26) miles north is Ahoskie, and Williamston lies about fourteen (14) miles
to the south. (See Map 1)
The Cashie River runs through the study area from its northern to its south-
ern boundary. For the most part, the area is drained by the Cashie.
9 The study area's average mean temperatures range from 430 in January to 790
in July. The annual mean temperature is 60.90. Normally, summer temperatures do
not exceed 800, nor do winters seldom fall below 400F, but extremes of 1030 and
-10F have been recorded.5
Precipitation in the study area ranges from 3.69 inches in January to 3.04
inches in December, with 48.52 inches annually. However, this year's rains may
exceed existing records. In general, precipitation has been fairly evenly distri-
buted throughout the year with most months averaging about four (4) inches.
5National Climatic Center, Asheville, NC, "Monthly Normals of Temperature,
Precipitation, and Heating and Cooling Degree Days 1941-70", No. 81 (U.S. Dept.
of Commerce, 1973).
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Snowfall is usually light and seldom covers the ground for long durations. 0
The average length of freeze -free growing season in the area is approximately
212 days. The average date of last occurrence in fall is about November 4.
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DESCRIPTION OF PRESENT CONDITIONS
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SECTION TWO

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POPULATION TRENDS
! The 1970 Census figures indicate that Windsor contained 2,199 people, an
increase of 386 people since 1960. This growth is particularly significant
since it occurred at a time when Windsor Township and Bertie County had popula-
tion percent changes of -10.9 and -21.2 percent, respectively. Consolidation
and annexation were the factors contributing to Windsor's increase in popula-
tion. On July 1, 1961, Bertie and Windsor towns consolidated and designated
a as Windsor Town. Also, Windsor Town annexed into Windsor Township. Consoli-
dation of Bertie Town increased the population by some 303, bringing Windsor
Town's total population to 2,116 in 1961. Subsequently, annexations have oc-
! . -curred but no significant population changes have been involved. An estimated
70-people were involved in annexations of Spruill's Garden in 1966 and North-
boro in 1970. Yet, it is interesting to note that approximately 96 percent of
the population increase from 1960 to 1970 can be attributed to annexations and
consolidations of Bertie and Windsor towns. Natural increase accounted to only
thirteen individuals. Also, Table 1 shows the population trend of Bertie
County and Windsor over the past three decades. The percent of Bertie County
residing in Windsor has risen from 6.6 percent (1940) to 10.7 percent (1970).
This suggests an inward migration of people from rural areas to small towns.
w Compared nationally, a recent study by the Department of Agriculture revealed
that more people are migrating to the country.6 If continued, this exodus
along with inward migration will place additional service demands on both the
0 __ town and county.
6"More People Migrating to the Country", The News and Observer, 21 April
1975, p. 1.
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Table 2 shows Windsor's population distribution change by age groups from
1960 to 1970. The largest percent changes, 51.2 and 50.2, occurred in the 15
to 24 and 55 to 64 age bracket, respectively. A negative percent change
(-12.6) has occurred in the under 5 years of age bracket while the lowest positive
percent change has occurred in the 25 to 34 years of age bracket. `
The birth rate was higher for males than for females in Windsor as was the
pattern for most of the United States. This resulted in more males in the town
and county from birth to 10 years of age. Migration was not a factor reflecting
this change. Nevertheless, the increased male population was somewhat less than
at birth because of the higher death rate for males than for females. After 14
years of age, a change occurred. The proportion of females in the young adult
ages, as well as at later ages, was somewhat greater than that of males. It can
be assumed that death rates were higher for men.and more out=migration of males
in this labor productive age bracket. Thus, after age 14, females were predomi-
nant in numbers in all age groups. This ratio of women was indicated by the sex
ratio of 85:100 in Windsor, and 91.8:100 in Bertie County, meaning there were
85.2 males per 100 females in Windsor and 91.8 males to 100 females in Bertie
County in 1970. Table 3 shows that there has been a slight docrease indicating
a proportionately greater loss of male population in age group 15-44 in Windsor.
Significant changes in the elderly population has occurred over the past
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decade. These changes are apparently of a national trend. Better medical and
health facilities, less demanding life styles are some of the probable contri-
butors in this phenomenon. (see Tables 4 and 5).
During the 1960-1970 decade, Bertie County and Windsor Township encountered
percent changes of 97.8 and 91.4 respectively in the 65 and older population.
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This represents a 274 percent change, from 77 in 1960 to 288 in 1970. The
w elderly population will continue to increase and therefore must be a vital
part of all planning activities.
Non -whites have been leaving Bertie County and Windsor Township in propor-
tionately greater numbers than the white population; however, in town the number
remains constant, 642. Over the ten year period reflexed in Table 6, the non-
white portion of the population in Bertie County dropped by 838 from 14,453 to
11,615 while the white population dropped 984 in number. As a result of these
declining trends, the total non -white population represents 56.5 percent of the
aggregate population in 1970 as compared to 59.3 percent in 1960. Similarly,
the non -white population in Windsor Township dropped by 846 from 3,582 to 2,736
while the white population dropped 112 in number. This has resulted in the total
non -white population representing 44.5 percent of the total population in 1970
as compared to 51.9 percent in 1960. Table 7 shows the population distribution
change by age group and race in Windsor.
In summary, Windsor experienced moderate growth during the 1960-70 decade
due to consolidation and annexation of several areas. In keeping with national
trends, the most significant change has occurred in the elderly population.
Windsor does not have a town operated school system. Education is sought
through the Bertie County Public School System. Since graduates of the Bertie
school system will be competing with other graduates from throughout the region,
* a comparative analysis can be the most enlightening procedure. Table 8 sum-
marizes a variety of data for Bertie, Hertford, Martin, Pitt and Beaufort
counties (these five counties constitute North Carolina's Region 9).
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Of the five counties surveyed, Bertie had:
+ second highest percentage of 5-6 year old persons A
enrolled in school
+ second highest percentage of 7-13 year old persons
enrolled in school
+ second highest percentage of 18-19 year old persons •
enrolled in school
- the lowest percentage of 3-4 year old persons
enrolled in school
- the lowest percentage of 20-24 year old persons
enrolled in school
- the lowest percentage of 25-34 year old persons
enrolled in school
- the lowest median school years completed by both •
males and females
- the lowest percentage of high school graduates both
male and female
- the lowest percentage of males and females with one •
or more years of college
M(KIN ► 11
An analysis of an area's economy can be a helpful tool in land use plan-
ning for shifts in local economics can result in shifts in land use demands.
Economic analysis can be accomplished in one of several methods which vary
considerably in sophistication based primarily on the availability of economic
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data to analyze.
There are several information categories which are necessary in order to
accurately identify the economy of a community. The most fundamental of these,
are the division of employment into categorical type, per capita and family
incomes, retail sales figures, information about resource availability and utili-
zation as an indicator of growth potential, and commuting patterns of the labor
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force.
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With the aforementioned information a distinction between an area's two
economic activities, basic versus non -basic, can be made.7 The rational behind
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making this distinction is that exported goods and services introduce outside
income into the area which induces multiplier effects in the supporting sector
to further increase total area income. It is thus necessary to compare the
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basic/non-basic employment ratio in order to obtain indications of the potential
for further economic growth. Briefly, a high proportion of basic activities to
non -basic activities generally indicates the potential for additional economic
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growth, particularly in the non -basic sector. Similarly, an increase in the
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ratio of basic to total employment may indicate the beginning of a new growth
cycle, while a decrease in'the-ratio may indicate the leveling off of a pre-
viously high.growth cycle. Generally the national trend is for greater growth in
the non -basic sector as -income levels rise. Also, this trend is usually downward
as areas are urbanized and the levels of services demanded increase.
As explained in the Introduction, this Plan will primarily concern itself
with the Town of Windsor and its extraterritorial jurisdiction. As such, the
following discussion of area economics will be presented mainly for Windsor Town-
ship due to the fact that no data for the extraterritorial area alone exist and
due to economic data availability on towns less than 2500 in population. It is
recommended and suggested that the data presented herewith be reviewed in the
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context -of the'Bertie County Land Use Plan. Traditionally, one way of measuring
the economic condition of an area is to compare its economy with that of a larger
area such as the county.
7For purposes of this report, basic economic activities are defined as
those which sell goods or services outside the area thus injecting income into
s the area as a result of these exports; non -basic economic activities are herein
defined as those which produce goods or services primarily for consumption
within the area under consideration.
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Windsor's geographic location has been a prime factor in influencing the
town's economy. Since the town is in a predominately rural area, it is under-
standable that the local basic economic activities revolve predominately around
farming and forestry, and to a lesser extent, manufacturing. Apparently, retail
and wholesale trade and other personal services constitute non -basic activities. •
Due to existing data limitations, it is impossible to categorize local
employment into either basic or non -basic. However, the employment figures in
Table 9 do provide limited indications of economic activities in the Windsor
Area. Table 9 shows that the major employers in the Windsor Planning Area are
involved in activities which do provide outside income and are, thus, predom-
inately basic activities. Employment is dominated by Bertie Industries and
Blue Bell which employ 17 and 31 percent of the total employment of the firms
located within the Windsor Planning Area.
Tables 10 and 11 provide rough indications of employment in Windsor Town-
ship in 1970. These tables put into perspective major employment categories
in the area and thus, give some indication of economic activities.
Table 12 reveals travel expenditures in Bertie County in recent years. 0
Again, while not applicable per se to the STUDY AREA, they do provide a rough
indication of relative importance of activity in the area.
Income and poverty levels will dramatically aid in illustrating the •
economic well-being of the area. Perhaps the most meaningful economic statistical
information available relates to incomes. Incomes provide crude measures of
overall welfare and prosperity, Generally, the standard of living increases
with personal incomes. The State of North Carolina rates low nationally in
family and per capita incomes.
lu
s
•

Table 13 indicates the number of families by poverty status and public
assistance in Windsor Township as of 1970. Due to the recent inflation and
economic conditions the figures in Table 13 may be low.
Analysis of Table 14 reveals that over fifty (50) percent of the
families in Windsor Township earn less than $6,000 annually.8 In 1969,
the U.S. Census reported a $1,875 per capita income for the Town of Windsor.
U
0
•
•
•
0
8Family income includes incomes of all members 14 years and over in each
family; Per capita income is the mean income computed for every man, woman and
child in a particular group. It is derived by dividing the total income of a
particular group by the total population (including patients or inmates in
institutional quarters) in that group.
19
•

•
TABLE 1
POPULATION TRENDS
BERTIE COUNTY AND WINDSOR TOWN
1940 - 1970
•
•
Percent of Bertie County
Year
County
Town
Residing in Windsor
1940
26,201
1747
6.6 •
1950
26,439
1781
6.7
1960
24,350
1813
7.4
1970
20,528
2199
10.7
SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population, 1960 and 1970.
•
•
•
•
•
20
•

•
•
•
TABLE 2
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
CHANGE BY AGE GROUPS
1960 and 1970
Age Group
1960
1970
Number
Under 5 yrs.
174
152
- 22
5 to 14 yrs.
338
406
68
15 to 24 yrs.
205
310
105
25 to 34 yrs.
213
220
7
35 to 44 yrs.
240
259
19
•
45 to 54 yrs.
232
298
66
55 to 64 yrs.
177
266
89
65 and Over
234
288
54
•
•
•
•
Chan4e: 1960 - 1970
Percent
-12.6
20.1
51.2
3.2
7.9
28.4
50.2
23.0
SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population, 1960; First Count Summary Tapes, 1970.
21
•

•
TABLE 3
SEX RATIO
Windsor, Bertie County and State
1960 - 1970
•
•
Males er
Males
Per
Males
Per
100 Females
100
Females
100
Females
Age
Windsor
Bertie County
North
Carolina
60
1970
1960
1970
9 00
1970
All Ages
85.1
85.2
97.3
91.8
97.3
95.9
Under 14
100.0
105.1
104.2
100.9
102.9
103.8
15 - 24
100.9
87.8
101.7
96.0
104.3
106.2
•
25 - 44
87.1
76.7
92.0
85.2
94.8
94.8
45 - 64
84.2
90.5
94.3
89.9
91.2
89.3
65 and Over
49.0
57.3
80.4
76.8
75.5
70.2
•
1Sex Ratio = Males x 100
Females •
SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population, 1960 and 1970.
•
7
22
•

•
• TABLE 4
POPULATION BY AGE AND SEX
Windsor
1970
•
Age Group
All
Males
Females
Under 5 years
152
74
78
5 - 14 years
406
212
194
15 - 24 years
310
145
165
25 - 34 years
220
101
.119
35 - 44 years
259
107
152
45 - 54 years
298
146
152
55 - 64 years
266
122
144
65 + Years
288
105
183
•
SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population, First Count Summary Tapes, 1970.
•
•
23
•

•
TABLE 5
ELDERLY POPULATION
PERSONS 65 YEARS OLD AND OVER
BERTIE
COUNTY, WINDSOR TOWNSHIP
and TOWN
1960 and 1970
CHANGE:
1960-1970
•
AREA
1960
1970 NUMBER
PERCENT
Bertie County
1,079
2,135 1,056
97.8
Windsor Township
340
651 311
91.4
Windsor Town
77
288 211
27.4
SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population, 1960 and 1970.
24
•
•
•
•
•

TAQLE 6
WHITE AND NONWHITE.POPULATION
Bertie County,.Windsor Township
and Town of Windsor
1960 and 1970
Total
Percent
of Total
Population
White Non -White
White
Non -White
Area
1970 1960
1970 1960 1970 1960
1970 1960
1970
1960
Bertie County
20,528 24,350
8,913 9,897 11,615 14,453
43.4 40.6
56.5
59.3
Windsor Twp.
6,141 6,893
3,405 3,293 2,736 3,582
55.4 47.7
44.5
51.9
N
1
Windsor Town
2,199 1,813
1,557 1,171 642 642
70.8 64.5
29.1
35.4
SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population, 1960 and 1970.

•
TABLE 7
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION CHANGE
•
BY AGE GROUP AND
RACE
Windsor Town
1970
•
Percent
Age Group
All
White
Nonwhite
White
Nonwhite
Under 5
152
95
57
62.5
37.5
•
5 - 14
406
256
150
63.0
36.9
15 - 24
310
228
82
73.5
26.4
25 - 34
220
168
52
76.3
23.6
35 - 44
259
167
92
64.4
35.5
45 - 54
298
210
88
70.4
29.5
55 - 64
266
197
69'
74.0
25.9
•
65 and Over
288
237
51
82.2
17.7
•
SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population, First Count Summary Tapes, 1970.
•
0
•
26
•

N
V
TABLE 8
COMPARATIVE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTS
1970
PERCENT OF ENROLLMENT
BERTIE
HERTFORD
MARTIN
BEAUFORT
PITT
3 - 4 years old
2.8
(1)
8.2
(5)
5.5
(3)
3.2
(2)
6.4
(4)
5 - 6 years old
58.3
(4)
58.8
(5)
50.7
(2)
57.7
(3)
48.5
(1)
7 - 13 years old
96.3
(4)
96.7
(5)
93.8
(1)
94.5
(2)
95.1
(3)
14 - 15 years old
91.3
88.6
(1)
90.7
(2)
94.7
(4)
95.0
5)
16 - 17 years old
90.5
�3)
3)
92.3
(5)
92.0
(4)
85.7
(1)
89.9
2)
18 - 19 years old
53.1
(4)
54.1
3
(2;
52.3
�4;
45.5
(3l
75.7
(5)
20 - 24 years old
11.6
1
14.5
90.3
5
25 - 34 years old
1.3
(1)
2.2
(3)
2.9
(4)
1.9
(2)
10.2
(5)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Median school years
completed,
MALE
7.4
(1)
8.8
(3)
8.6
(2)
9.3
(4)
10.0
(5)
FEMALE
9.4
(1)
10.4
(4)
9.6
(2)
10.3
(3)
10.7
(5)
------------------ 7---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent of high school
graduates, 25 or older
MALE
20.2
(1)
30.0
(3)
25.6
(2)
32.7
(4)
37.1
(5)
FEMALE
27.4
(1)
36.6
(3)
29.3
(2)
36.7
(4)
39.4
(5)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent NO high school
MALE, 20 - 49
1,343
(2)
1,244
(1)
1,473
(3)
1,548
(4)
3,256
(5)
FEMALE
1,006
(2)
792
(1)
1,120
(3)
1,286
(4)
2,653
(5)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent 1 or more.years
of college
MALE
333
(1)
596
(3)
471
(2)
884
(4)
4,813
(5)
FEMALE
289
(1)
538
(3)
416
(2)
791
(4)
5,013
5
Over All Rank
1.9
(1)
3.1
(4)
2.3
(2)
3.0
3)
4.3
(5)
The rank of each variable -is shown in.pclrenthesis. One (1) is the lowest incidence or percentage;
five (5) is the highest.
SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population, 1970.

TABLE 9
COMPANY
Bertie Industries
Blue Bell
Coulbourn Lumber
Gillam Brothers Peanuts
Stubbs Veneer Company
Southeastern Timber
Thompson and Company
Sears
Bertie Stave Company
Copper Sand Company, Inc.
Metco
Windsor Wood Products, Inc.
lAs of September 23, 1975
MANUFACTURING FIRMS
Windsor Planning Area
1975
PRODUCTS
Sewing
Garments
Lumber
Peanuts, Cotton
Veneer
Lumber
Lumber
(mail order)
Sand
American Bldg. Metal
Furniture Components
TOTALS
SOURCE: Town Administrator, Windsor, 1975.
80
146
80
20
30
30
25
11
12
6
9
20
469
PERCENT
^OF TOTAL
T
17.1
31.1
17.1
4.2
6.4
6.4
5.3
2.3
2.5
1.2
1.9
4.2
100%
•
w
•
•
0
0
•
•
•
•

•
TABLE 10
•
EMPLOYED PERSONS 14 AND OLDER BY INDUSTRY
Windsor Township
1970
Industry
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Communication, Utilities, Sanitary Services . .
Wholesale and Retail . . . . . . . . . . . .
• Finance, Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other Professional Services . . . . . . . . . .
Educational Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
• Public Administration . . . . . . . . . . .
Other Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A
SOURCE: U.S. Census, Fifth Count Summary, 1970.
•
•
29
•
Number Employed
Percent
104
3.9
.763
29.0
430
16.3
22
.8
46
1.7
344
13.1
76
2.8
127
4.8
193
7.3
94
3.5
423
16.1

•
TABLE 11
EMPLOYED PERSONS 14 AND OLDER BY
OCCUPATION
•
Windsor Township
1970
•
Occupation Number Employed
Percent
Professional, technical and kindred
248
11.3
Farmers and farm managers
127
5.7
•
Managers, officials, proprietors
147
6.7
Clerical and kindred
224
10.2
Sales workers
64
2.9
Craftsmen, foremen, etc.
302
13.7
Operatives and kindred
557
25.4
Service
255
11.6
Farm laborers and foremen
72
3.2
Laborers
196
8.9
SOURCE: U.S. Census, Fifth Count Summary, 1970.
•
30

•
TABLE 12
•
• Area
Bertie County
•
•
•
r
•
TRAVEL EXPENDITURESI
Bertie County
1973 - 1974
Change: 1973-74
1973 1974 Number Percent
$116,455 $135,337 $18,882 116
117ravel expenditures are defined as the dollar amount spent by travelers
and/or tourists during the year. The travel industry experienced a
sharp decline during the early months of 1974 due to a shortage of
gasoline. Expenditures during January and February were substantially
below 1973 levels. Slight increases were reported during March and
April. By May the ill effects of the energy crisis had ended and the
travel industry showed positive signs of a healthy recovery.
SOURCE: "Highlights of the 1974 North Carolina Travel Survey".
North Carolina Department of Natural and Economic Resources, 1974.
31
•

TABLE 13
FAMILIES BY POVERTY STATUS
Windsor Township
1970
Above Below
Poverty Poverty
Level Level
Receiving public assistance 36 99
Not receiving public assistance 1,082 318
65 years and over 237 392
Under 65 years 4,023 1,464
SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population, Fifth Count Summary, 1970.
32
•

•
TABLE 14
FAMILIES AND UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS INCOME
WINDSOR TOWNSHIP
1970
INCOME
FAMILIES
Under $1,000
125
$1,000 - 1,999
146
$2,000 - 2,999
99
$3,000 - 3,999
98
$4,000 - 4,999
129
•
$5,000 - 5,999
181
$6,000 - 6,999
160
$7,000 - 7,999
127
$8,000 - 8,999
101
$9,000 - 91999
89
$10,000 - 11,999
108
$12,000 - 14,999
86
$15,000 - 24,999
58
$25,000 - 49,999
28
$50,000 & Over
-
•
•
UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS
132
111
38
16
16
17
0
8
11
SOURCE: U.S. Census, Fifth Count Summary Tapes, 1970.
33
•

•
This section analyzes the existing land use patterns in the Windsor Plan-
ning Area as indicated on Map 3. (Table 15 gives a crude acreage estimate of
each land use category.), An analysis of existing land use patterns is a neces-
sary component of any land use plan since decisions regarding future develop-
ment cannot be made intelligently without a prior understanding of existing
development. As stated in the methodology section, existing land use has been
divided into two broad categories of land activity, (1) physical characteristics
of the environment and (2) urban and built-up characteristics of the environment.
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Topography and Ground Water
The Windsor Planning Area's topography has been and continues to be a major
factor governing its pattern of development. Knowledge of the local geology is
•
important in planning for future growth by providing the key to understanding •
past development patterns and identifying basic issues that will influence
future growth.
The area lies within the Atlantic Coastal Plains Region. Generally, the 0
land is flat. The local drainage pattern is dominated by the Cashie River which
runs through the area from its northern to southern boundary.
Windsor's source of water is three ground wells with depths of 170, 110, 0
100 feet carrying 500, 300, and 200 gallons per minute, respectively. The
maximum daily capacity of the water system is 1,500,000 gallons; its peak load
to date is 180,000 gallons per day; and water available above peak load is 9
1,320,000 gallons per day. The water system has an overhead storage capacity
of 300,000 gallons and ground water storage capacity of 100,000 gallons.
•
34
•

•
EXISTING LAND USE MAP
(SEE POCKET MAP IN BACK)
•
f
•
35
•

0
•
•
•
7
•
•
•
•
TABLE 15
APPROXIMATE LAND USE BY ACRE
Windsor Planning Area
1975
One
Land Use
In Town
Mile Area
Total
Government
25
17
42
Residential
253
61
314
Commercial
47
11
58
Industry
40
44
84
Barren
108
48
156
Utilities
1
5
6
Recreation
9
7
16
Agriculture
54
1,804
1,858
Forestland
373
2,153
2,526
TOTALS
910
4,150
5,060
SOURCE: North Carolina Department of Natural and Economic Resources,
Windshield Survey, 1975.
36
0

7
The chemical quality of ground water in Windsor is less than adequate.
•
A 1959 and 1974 chemical analysis revealed that flouride was in excess of
the maximum (1.5 ppm) recommended in drinking water. In addition, the amount of
chloride, sodium, and potassium could cause problems for dietary residents.
•
These three elements contribute to the total hardness of the water. The
latest analysis was reported by the North Carolina Department of Human
Resources, Division of Health Services, Laboratory Section on January 25, 1974.
•
The actual analysis is provided in table form (see Table 16). Note the source
of water is only from Well INumber One.
37
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

E
TABLE 16
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER
Windsor
(Results in Parts Per Million)
Type of Supplier: Municipal
Source of Water: Ground
Source of Sample: 1-Well Tap
Type of Sample: 1-Raw
Type of Treatment: None
ELEMENT UNITS UNITS
Sodium
No established
limits 250
Potassium
20
12.5
Flouride
3.23
Controlled (0.8 - 1.20)
Arsenic
0.05
0.01
Cadmium
0.01
0.01
ChrQmium+6
0.05
0.05
•
Copper
1.00
0.05
Lead
0.05
0.05
Zinc
5.00
0.05
Manganese
0.05
0.05
Iron
0.30
0.05
Chloride
250
103
Turbidity
5 Units
.11
Acidity
0
0
Alkalinity
No established
limits 319
Total Hardness
No established
limits 10
Calcium
--
1.9
Magnesium
--
1.3
•
1Limits established
according to Public Health Service Drinking Water
Standards, 1962, and Standard Methods for
the Examination of Water
and Wastewater, 12th edition.
2Findings of actual
chemical analysis of water in Windsor.
•
SOURCE: North Carolina Department of Human Resources.
38
•

C7
URBAN AND BUILT-UP CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENVIRONMENT
•
Residential
The Town of Windsor is characterized predominately by residential develop-
ment accounting for approximately 253 acres of the total acres in the town.
•
In all, residential uses account for approximately 314 acres of land within
the Study Area. The major residential area is bound on the east by the
Cashie River and U.S. Highway 17 on the north by King Street, on the west by
•
Hofler Street, and on the south by Sterlingworth Street, with the exclusion
of the Central Business District. Very little vacant land is found in this
area. The majority of the residential development is single-family, con-
sisting of both modern and elegant colonial styled homes.
Spruill Park Development which began in 1966 is a modern residential
area. The area is located northeast of the intersection of U.S. Bypass 13
•
with N.C. Highway 308, and bound on the west by Henry Street, on the north by
Lassiter Avenue on the south by Robert Street and on the east by Henry Street.
This area is still developing with approximately 17 acres of residential
•
vacant lots. Also, Highway Commercial activities are developing at the
intersection of U.S. Bypass 13 and N.C. Highway 308.
M61
•
•
•
0

•
In the vicinity of Spring Street, conventional residential use on small
lots predominates. There are several mobile homes dispersed in this area also.
•
Between King and Board Streets there is approximately 5 acres of moderately wooded
lands. This land does not appear to lend itself to residential development
because of adverse topography. The area is low and experiences occasional flooding.
East along U.S. Highway 17 North is the Bertie Community. Residential uses
are predominately conventional. Industrial use is mixed with residential use in
• the Center Street vicinity. These uses are not compatible because of adverse
environmental and health reasons.
The College, Cedar, and Askew Street vicinities can be regarded as "slum
areas". This area is characterized by inhabited deteriorating and substandard
•
housing on small lots. Several deteriorating commercial establishments are
found in this area also.
Other residential areas in town are the Ghent and Wall Street vicinity;
•
and the Hillcrest vicinity. Conventional residential use predominates these
areas. Several new homes have been built in the Hillcrest vicinity within
recent years. Moreover, suitable vacant residential lands surround the
Hillcrest residential area.
Commercial
From the latter 18th century to present, the Windsor Central Business
•
District has been the major retail center in Bertie County. However, over the
past years with the development of neighboring plazas and shopping centers,
Windsor's CBD share of retail trade has decreased. Much of the CBD commercial
development is old and deteriorating. The physical deterioration of the down-
town area, coupled with the decline in economic activity in the CBD, has caused
much concern on the part of downtown merchants and residents. The major problem
is that of ample parking facilities. This problem currently is a major deterrent
to new CBD development.
0 40

•
Without parking facilities convenient to retail activity, it will be
most difficult for the CBD to effectively compete with the existing
neighboring shopping centers.
Within the Windsor Planning Area there are approximately 58 acres
of commercial land, 81.0% of which is inside the town limits. An
examination of the existing land use map will reveal the location of
commercial lands just discussed.
T-A....J.._-*-1
Industrial use is concentrated in'four general locations of the
Study Area, as follows: The Industrial Park, approximately 0.8 miles
south of the town limits off of U.S. Highway 13-17; Coulbourn Lumber
Company, just inside the town limits off of U.S. Highway 17 Bypass;
Bertie Community,.off of U.S. 17 to Edenton; Thompson Lumber Company,
off of U.S. Highway 13 to Ahoskie; and Gilliam Brothers Peanuts,
intersection of Indian Woods Road and U.S. Highway 13 Bypass. There
are approximately 84 acres of existing industrial use in the Study Area,
40 in town and 44 in the extraterritorial area. Several sites are in
close proximity to residential areas, which poses problems of unattractive-
ness, and noise and air pollution. Future industrial development is
encouraged in the Industrial Park site.
41
•
•
•
0

0
Forestland
• Approximately 49.9% of the Study Area's land is presently under forest
cover. Less than 8% of this land is within the town limits. The most extensive
areas of forestland are to the northeast and southeast in the vicinity of the
r Cashie River, and to the northwest in the vicinity of the town limits along
N.C. Highway 308.
Floodplains
The susceptibility of areas to frequent flooding during periods of heavy
or prolonged precipitation is an important factor in determining the locations
of future development in the Windsor Planning Area. The construction of private
•
and public structures in flood plains presents the potential loss of lives and
property. Map 4 delineates those flood plains in the Study Area. Although
developed land presently exists in many of these flood plains, additional
development should be discouraged.
Barren Lands .
There are approximately 108 acres of barren land within the town limits of
Windsor (for the purposes of this plan, barren and vacant lands are the same).
Most of these lands are slowly developing and other parcels lie cleared and in
transition. Since development potential is in part dependent upon the avail-
ability of vacant land, the Windsor Area presently has no shortage. Potential
development for the area for the neXt decade could easily be accommodated within
the town if growth was so confined and the land used fully.
Areas suitable for development are located within various portions of Windsor's
town limits. One area is bordered by Sterlingworth Street to the.north, Henry
Street to the west, and. Ghent Street to the east. Other areas suitable for
42
•

0
development lie between Blount Street and College Street; a small portion
contiguous to town limits along South Greenville Street; and to the northeast •
along U.S. Highway 17 (to Edenton) contiguous to Peterson Road.
As the Study Area grows, land suitable for development will increase
in demand, resulting in the development of these suitable vacant lands.
Agriculture
The agricultural industry plays an important role in the economy and life
style of the Windsor Planning Area. As shown on Map 3, there are approximately
1,858 acres of agricultural land within the Study Area. Essentially, little
agricultural activity is conducted within Windsor's town limits. The majority,
approximately 97.3%, is conducted in the one -mile area. All agricultural lands 40
are either currently devoted to crop production or have crop production as
their primary function. These lands are somewhat equally situated throughout
the one -mile area.
SIGNIFICANT COMPATIBILITY PROBLEMS
Compatibility problems have resulted from mixed land uses, particularly
residential and industrial uses. Although not considered major in all instances
in Windsor, similar incompatible land uses have created problems of pollution,
noise, unattractiveness, health, safety, and traffic congestion. Such problems
are characteristic of incompatible residential and industrial land uses.
Caution should be taken in the Southeastern Lumber Company--Bertie Community
•
area and in the Stubbs Veneer Company --King Street and U.S. Highway 17 Bypass
s
intersection area. These areas are most likely to experience the above
industrial -residential incompatible land use problems.
0
43
40

•
Ideally, residential areas are places to live and enjoy leisure time and
• vice -versa, industrial areas are places for work and industrial production. Such
land uses should be separate. Any future industrial expansion in residential
communities is cautioned. Presently, other mixed land uses pose only minor
• problems.
AREAS EXPERIENCING OR LIKELY.TO.EXPERIENCE MAJOR LAND USE CHANGE
Windsor's Industrial Park is considered the most suitable area for
industrial development. This area is likely to experience major land use
changes. Presently, portions of the park are in agriculture use. However, as
new industries locate, these land uses will change. Recent installation of a
• 12-inch water line and proximity to major northeastern transportation routes
•
•
add to the area's prime industrial suitability.
PROBLEMS FROM UNPLANNED DEVELOPMENT WITH IMPLICATION FOR FUTURE LAND USE
Windsor has several problems that are developing from unplanned development.
The areas along South Granville Street, and along portions of U.S. Highway 13
and 17 have some scattered commercial land uses. This development is occurring
in proximity to Windsor's better and most recently developed residential areas.
Caution should be taken in these areas as development occurs to protect the com-
munity from strip development. When strip development occurs, many problems
result such as increased traffic congestion and probability of accidents, in- .
creased visual clutter from advertising signs, additional demands on town service
facilities, and by the nature of the uses located in stripped areas, ultimate
abandonment and deteriorating structures.
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A poor local street network and very small lots in the southern portion •
of town are obvious problems resulting from unplanned development. (This area
is bounded by Granville Street and Indian Woods Road.,) An examination of
Windsor's transportation network will indicate that neighborhoods in this
area are virtually cut off from each other.
Future development and improvements in this area should focus on
providing a local street system.. Since several residential lots in this
area are very small, hardships are anticipated. For this reason, the most
cost-effective means of providing these improvements should be investigated.
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CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES, AND REGULATIONS
PLANS AND POLIVES
Windsor currently has three planning related documents that have direct
relevance to land development in -the Windsor Planning Area. They are a Sketch
Land Development Plan, Housing Element, and a Reconnaissance Survey. These
documents are described in this section. Also, numerous county and regional
documents, to a limited degree, address Windsor land use issues.
The town has adopted various policies which affect land development. As
true with other towns, some of these policies are written and some are not
written. Due to the changing nature of town development, town needs and activi-
ties, changes in elected officials, changes in technology, town policies contin-
ually change to adapt to these circumstances.
Policies in some areas are recorded in official's minutes. Consequently,
it is difficult to make definitive statements about policies.
Therefore, the policies identified here are those that are written (i.e.,
those that can be readily identified) and those that do have a direct impact
upon land development.
Several of the regulations suggested for discussion in the CAMA Guidelines
are not applicable to Windsor because they simply do not exist. To this extent,
N/A will identify those policies and plans.
a. Transportation Plans
N/A No official transportation plans exist for Windsor.
• b. Community Facilities.Plans.
The Town of Windsor currently has no Community Facilities Plans.
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c. Utilities Extension Policies
(1) Sewer Policy i
An Ordinance Regulating Use of Sewers, Town of Windsor, North Carolina.
Windsor Town'Commission, 1973.
This ordinance regulates the use of sewers by prohibiting new
connections from inflow sources and makes pretreatment requirements
for major contributing industry comply with Federal regulations.
The following water, sewer and electrical policies are excerpts
from the Windsor Subdivision Regulations.
(2) Electricity
"All electrical, telephone and telegraph utilities of an over-
head service nature shall be restricted to the rear lots. All
subdivisions shall be designed in order that all lots may be served
from near utility easements."
(3) Sewage Disposal
"Subdividers shall connect... to the sewer system of the Town •
of Windsor in order to provide sewer service to every lot within
the subdivision." -
(4) Water Supply.
"Every lot in every subdivision shall be supplied with water from
the Town of Windsor... Every lot in every subdivision within the
Windsor Town limits shall be located within five -hundred (500) feet
of a six (6) inch water line and a fire hydrant."
d. Open Space Policies
N/A The Town has no open space policies.
e. Recreational Policies
No Recreation Policy exists for Windsor; Recreation facilities are
provided by Bertie County.
f. Prior Land Use Plans
Sketch Land Development Plan, Windsor, North Carolina, Washington, North-
eastern Field Office, Division of Community Services, 1974. This docu-
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ment identifies development principles and standards, and divides the
49 Planning Area into five land uses. The Sketch Development Plan is a
guide by which local officials and citizens can improve the decision
process regarding the uses of land in the Windsor Planning Area.
Housing Element, Windsor, North Carolina. Washington, Northeastern
Field Office, Division of Community Services, 1973.
This document identifies housing problems and recommends steps to
` reduce these problems. Recommendations for objective and planning
activities are included as a means of assisting in combating some of
the housing problems in the Windsor Area.
Reconnaissance Survey, Windsor, North Carolina, Washington Northeastern
Field Office, Division of Community Services, 1972.
Identifies comprehensive planning needs, housing and environmental
+ problems, and outlines requirements for a workable program. An inven-
tory of provisions for planning efforts and activities is provided also.
g. Prior Land Use .Policies
No prior land use policies have existed for Windsor.
LOCAL REGULATIONS
a. Proposed Zoning Ordinance, Town of Windsor, N. C., Washington,
Northeastern Field Office, Division of Community Services, 1974.
This document regulates structures and land use in Windsor and its
extraterritorial area. It is anticipated that this ordinance will be
• adopted in 1976.
b. Subdivision Regulations, Town of Windsor, N. C., Northeastern Field
Office, Division of Community Services, 1973.
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These regulations are intended to act as a guide for the proper
subdivisions of land and are intended to preserve and protect the public 40
welfare. The regulations contain provisions for required streets, lot
sizes, adequate.water and sewer systems and other standards necessary
for the protection of public health, safety and welfare. .
c. Floodway Ordinances
The Town as yet has not adopted floodway ordinances. The Town is
under the Emergency Flood Insurance Program. It is anticipated that the +
Town will adopt regulations at such time as sufficient data is supplied.
d. Building Codes
The Town of Windsor enforces North Carolina State Building Codes.
e. Septic Tank Regulations
Bertie County currently enforces septic tank regulations in Windsor
according to state regulations. The Town has no additional septic •
tank regulations.
f. Historic Districts Regulations
Windsor does not have historic districts regulations.
g. Nuisance Regulations
Windsor does not have any nuisance regulations directly
affecting land use.
h. Dune Protection Ordinances..
N/A
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i. Sedimentation.Codes
The Town does not presently enforce sedimentation control. The State
of North Carolina is currently enforcing sedimentation control within
Bertie County.
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j. Environmental Impact Statement Ordinances
No Impact Statement is required by the town.
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• FEDERAL AND STATE REGULATIONS
These regulations were to be supplied by the North Carolina Department
of Natural and Economic Resources. As of the date of this printing, these
0 regulations have not been supplied.
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ENFORCEMENT OF PLANS,�POLICIES AND REGULATIONS
Enforcement of all local plans, policies and ordinances is vested in
the Windsor Town Administration's office. However, enforcement of some
policies, e.g., water and sewer extensions, require Town Council confirmation.
In addition to providing general town administration, the Town
Administrator acts as a full-time inspector. It is questioned whether or
not additional or future land use controls/plans/ordinances can adequately
be enforced by this office due to increasing time demanded for overall town
administration alone.
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PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ACTIVITIES
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SECTION THREE
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• The Town of Windsor established an active planning program in 1972. Since
its establishment, plans, ordinances and other land use policies have been
developed to guide the orderly growth of Windsor and its Planning Area.
Presently, the Town Commission and Planning Board are reviewing a Town Zoning
Ordinance. These past and present actions have set the necessary foundation
for a workable planning program.
ii In 1974, the North Carolina General Assembly passed the Coastal Area
Management Act requiring coastal counties, cities and towns to prepare and
adopt land use plans which reflect the desires and needs of coastal residents
and which insures the protection, preservation, orderly development, and
management of'the Coastal Area. The Town Commissioners designated the Windsor
Planning Board as the responsible agency for assuring that Windsor's Land Use
a Plan was prepared in compliance with the CAMA.
To insure the maximum amount of public participation in the planning process,
the Windsor Citizens Advisory Development Committee (WCADC) was appointed by the
40 Mayor. The responsibilities of WCADC were to advise the Planning Board in
developing a Public Participation Program, and to aid the Planning Board and Town
Commission in educating the community to Windsor's CAMA Land Use Planning Program.
4 The Planning Board and the Advisory Committee held public meetings to inform
the citizens of CAMA requirements and to receive citizen input in identifying
land use issues and problems. Other methods used and taken to secure views of
is a wide cross section of citizens were newspaper articles, radio spots,
bulletins, leaflets, surveys, and door-to-door interviews.
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As a result of the efforts, major land use issue and problems were
identified. In addition, alternatives and different courses of action to meet
Windsor's needs were explored. Long-range goals and objectives were formulated
from the March, 1975 survey and from follow-up meetings held -to discuss survey
results. In discussing these problems and issues, it was recognized that
solutions to Windsor's problems would not occur, overnight and that most solu-
tions would require a financial commitment from government and the townspeople
over a period of time. For these reasons, long-range goals were adopted.
They address the town's most pressing problems in the areas of environmental,
housing, social, cultural, recreation, transportation, economic and govern-
mental needs. This plan revolves around these concerns because the local citi-
zens have identified them as problems needing solutions. It is the citizen
identification of these goals and objectives which makes them important
enough to pursue.
IMPACT OF POPULATION AND ECONOMIC TRENDS
Windsor's permanent population experienced an estimated increase of five
•
percent since 1970-75. As of 1970, the most significant changes occurred in the P
elderly population and the under 5 age group. The 55 and above age group exper-
ienced a 35 percent increase, while the under 5 age group experienced a 13
percent population decrease.
Changes in both age groups are apparently of a national trend reflecting
better medical care and health facilities, and no longer a need nor a desire
for large families. f
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The implication of an increasingly older population in Windsor is that
r specialized demands will be placed on health care and other community services.
In addition, the buying power of persons on fixed income will more immediately
reflect fluctuations in the national economy.
0 The implication of a decreasing under 5 population represents possible
future under utilization of school facilities. When the under 5 population
reaches school age, unless significant in -migration of school age children
replenish the losses which have already occurred, alterations in anticipated
school needs will be required. Personnel shifts and facility re -organization
may necessitate efficient school operations.
r A rationalized economic trend could not be determined due to the lack of
available economic data on the Town of Windsor. However, income and poverty
levels were used to illustrate the economic well-being of the area. These
figures indicate that the per capita income in Windsor is $1,875. In addition,
a total of 417 families in Windsor Township are below the poverty level.
Nevertheless, industrial and commercial activity is predicted to improve in
7 the Windsor Planning Area. The town has a long history of being the area's
industrial and economic center.
ADEQUATE HOUSING AND�OTHER SERVICES
0 Windsor continues to have areas of substandard housing, especially in the
low income areas located in the east and northeastern areas of town. In 1970,
there were 801 housing units for a population of 2,199. The average household
10 size was 2.88 persons. Of the total population of 2,199, Windsor had a Black
population of 642 and of the 801 dwelling units in Windsor, 216 were occupied
by Blacks. The 1970 census also reflected a total of 2,099 dwelling units for the
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Windsor Town. Area residents have expressed the desire for low and moderate
income housing. The provision of adequate housing will become critical as the •
population increases. (A housing analysis is found in Appendix A.)
The lack of recreational opportunities is recognized as a priority in
Windsor. With more leisure time and increased participation of the elderly, w
recreational need will continue to receive a greater demand during the next
ten years.
Of all community services, residents feel that the most serious problem
confronting their town is the lack of adequate space for storage of fire fighting
equipment. As residential development increases, the need for effective and
efficient fire protection can not be emphasized enough. Since fire departments
operate on response time, it is assumed that fire equipment stored at separate
locations increases response time, In addition, as Windsor extends municipal
services to its extraterritorial area, response time is expected to increase.
This implies that any area that is not within adequate range of the fire station
will not have the necessary fire protection.
Windsor has not developed functional transportation or thoroughfare plans. a
As a result, the lack of an internal street pattern has created several problems.
Residents expressed a great concern in the lack of street improvements, ample
parking and the lack of a system of sidewalks. As the population increases,
and the area develops, generating more pedestrain and vehicular movement, the
provision and maintenance of an adequate and efficient transportation system
becomes of extreme importance.
•
-Better recreational, cultural, and other educational opportunities have
long been desires of Windsor residents. Several residents recall concerts and
performances by the North Carolina Symphony during the 1950's. It is hoped that
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growth and development of Windsor will aid in making their memories a reality
for others to experience and enjoy.
It is generally felt that Town Government should take an active role in
encouraging industrial development and in seeking better medical services in
the area. However, it is recognized that these needs will require broader
efforts. Hopefully, local, state, regional and national cooperation through
various programs will foster positive results.
CONSERVATION OF PRODUCTIVE NATURAL RESOURCES
The Cashie River, wooded swamp lands, and extraterritorial agriculture
lands are considered the most productive natural resources in the Planning Area.
Wooded swamp lands of the Cashie River basin are fragile habitat areas of
particular importance to Wildlife Conservation. These waters are used as an
anadromous fish migration route, Yellow Perch spawning area, White Perch spawning
area, Hickory Shad spawning area, and an Alewife and Blueback Herring Swamping
area. The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission's ecological classifi-
cation of that portion of the Cashie which flows through the Windsor Planning
Area is CLASS 4.
Forestry and agriculture contribute to the natural wealth of the Windsor
Planning Area. These natural resources will continue to play an important role
in the area.
PROTECTION OF.THE.NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
The citizens of Windsor seek to encourage wise development of their land
and water environment in such a manner that would attract people to the area and
not destroy its natural state. Better use of the Cashie River for recreational
purposes is one way area residents feel better conservation and productivity
of their natural environment can be accomplished.
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PROTECTION OF CULTURAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCES
Windsor has played an important part in the development -of Bertie County
•
and has a rich heritage that is one of her greatest assets. The preservation
of colonial homes and the restoration of the Courthouse are evident in area pride.
Windsor's most widely known historic resource is the Rosefield House which has
been approved for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. It
is the only structure still standing in North Carolina that has associations
with William Blount, a signer of the Federal Constitution. Indeed, this is a
A
significant asset to the citizens of Windsor and should be protected from
unplanned development. Since Windsor has several structures that are "colonial
in nature", consideration should be given to establishing a Historic District.
•
DEVELOPMENT ALTERNATI S
In terms of physical development, area residents feel that existing growth
•
patterns should continue with the exception of incompatible land uses. Develop-
ment of all suitable lands within the town limits is considered priority. Consid-
eration was given to development of all extraterritorial lands. However, since
•
physical development cannot occur without proper water and sewerage services
development of suitable lands within town limits appeared to be more feasible.
In addition, since the extraterritorial area is rural in character, development
•
of areas with existing water and sewer lines and developing residential areas
was considered priority.
Social, economic and human resource development alternatives included no
•
population growth, and development of only existing industries. These alterna-
tives were dismissed. Residents concluded that Windsor should strive to provide
adequate social and economic opportunities that would reflect the estimated
•
area population, and allow for inward migration.
•

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The overall goal addressed by the Windsor CAMA Land Use Planning Program
was the development of a comprehensive, integrated program of public and local
government actions aimed at improving the living and working environment of
• the Planning Area. The basic guiding concept has been a better, safer, cleaner
and economically sound environment. Here are the statements of Planning
Objectives, Policies, and Standards to guide the physical, cultural and
. economic development of the area as perceived and developed by the Windsor
Town Commission, Planning Board and Townspeople.
•
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
ENVIRONMENT
GOAL: Promote the preservation and management of natural features of the
environment in order to safeguard adverse effects on safety, health,
and welfare.
OBJECTIVES: - To avoid, where possible, the overt destruction of trees
and landscapes.
• - To clean up existing vacant lots.
- To encourage the general beautification of the Planning
Area by implementing an effective Town Beautification
Program.
0 - To adopt and implement an effective drainage program.
•
- To cooperate with State and Local agencies in providing
the most cost effective program for the abatement of air,
water, and noise pollution.
HOUSING
GOAL: To provide an environment in which every resident of the Planning
• Area may have the opportunity to secure adequate, decent, safe
and sanitary housing.
59

OBJECTIVES: - To create high quality neighborhoods by the strict enforce-
ment of subdivision regulations.
- To promote the removal or rehabilitation of housing that
is substandard while making an effort to provide adequate
replacement of housing,
- To encourage and to develop cooperation among Federal,"
State, Regional and Local agencies in solving housing problems.
- To locate available sites for the construction of low-income
housing.
- To maintain the existing quality residential neighborhoods
by strict enforcement of zoning, building and housing codes.
SOCIAL, RECREATIONAL AND CULTURAL
GOAL: To promote and develop various recreational, educational and cultural
programs for all ages and income socio-economic groups.
OBJECTIVES: - To provide a system of parks and playgrounds throughout the
Planning Area for all age groups.
- To cooperate with county government in developing recreational
facilities.
- To make better use of Cashie River for recreational purposes
by providing public piers and other open space activities.
- To organize and implement a year-round Senior Citizen Activity
Program.
- To encourage technical training of residents which can be
utilized by existing or potential industries. This can be
achieved through area technical schools.
TRANSPORTATION
•
GOAL: To provide a functional and attractive street system in the Windsor
Planning Area.
•
OBJECTIVES: - Repair and/or upgrade the existing street system to provide
the highest practicable level of services.
- Provide the most functional and cost effective parking facilities
in the downtown CBD.
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ECONOMIC
GOAL: To encourage the improvement of the Planning Area as a place of
trade and manufacturing.
OBJECTIVES: - To encourage the most satisfactory optimum growth and
economic development throughout the area by actively
• participating in attracting new industry into the area.
- Institute a downtown revitalization program in order to
encourage economic activity and renewed interest in the
downtown business area..
GOVERNMENTAL SERVICES.
GOAL: To Provide the most cost effective and effi ci ent means of admi ni s-
tering governmental services.
OBJECTIVES: - To utilize a provision of water and sewer services as a
tool to bring about community development in desired locations.
To encourage all residents within town to hook-up to the
municipal water and sewer system.
• - To maintain effective police and fire protection by investigating the
feasibility of providing centralized police and fire
facilities.
- To improve garbage collection by subsidizing garbage bags
and annual leaf vacumn service.
41 - To improve the quality and quantity of medical services to
area residents.
- To provide a system of sidewalks in residential neighborhoods.
• - To carry out a strong planning effort for future development
through cooperative efforts with county, state and regional
agencies.
- To maintain effective communications between citizens of the
area and Town Hall by maintaining a Public Participation
Program, and annually administering a citizen attitude survey.
- To maintain and perserve an ample and clear water supply.
- To improve the water supply by aerating the water system and
by identifying its present source of infiltration.
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EWN ATTORNEY
WINDSOR TOWN GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION
CITIZENS
MAYOR
AND
TOWN COMMISSION
TOWN
ADMINISTRATOR
PLANNING BOARD
0
ICEMETARY DEPT�� `SEWERRDEPT�1 FIRE DEPARTMENT POLICE DEPT. SANITATION DEPT. E
LECTRIC DEPT'

IMPLEMENTARY POLICY STATEMENTS
The second phase of CAMA Planning will specifically address implementation.
The following discussion of general government will give an overall view of
Windsor's implementary capability. In addition, specific policy statements,
recommendations and implementary activities are addressed.
Windsor is governed by a Mayor -Commissioner form of government. General
governmental services include legislative and management activities, staff
service, financial management and other miscellaneous activities.
Legislative activities are primarily the function of the Town Commission
and Mayor whose duty it is to formulate Town Policy and be responsive to
citizen needs. Legal services are provided by the Town Attorney.
Management is the function of the Town Administrator who is.responsible
for seeing that departments are effective in implementing legislative policy and
carrying out the Town.'s services. The Town Administrator is responsible for
preparing an annual budget and acts as a laison`and information source between
the Town Commission and department heads.
The Planning Board is responsible for initiating plans and programs for
the planning area. Recommendations are made to the Commission by the Board on
zoning, subdivision and planning activities in general,
No land use plan is complete without a specific set of guidelines with which
to follow in its implementation. Unless these guidelines are included and adopted
as a portion of the plan, those persons charged with its implementation will
lack direction. These guidelines will take the form of policy statements which
can be applied to any situation which arises. In general the objective statements
which are listed in Section Three are rewritten in the form of policy statements.
These policy statements will set forth objectives by which the goals of the Plan
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may be accomplished. While the goals relate to the problems and desires of
the general citizenry and are the basis upon which this Plan was formulated,
the policy statements provide actions and principles which will guide the
Town's administration in dealing successfully with the problems addressed in
the Plan. Ultimately, the achievement of the goals will result. Inasmuch
as the policy statements are considered objectives to -accomplish goals, and
the Land Use Plan is also concerned with accomplishing those same goals, this
Policy Statements Section should be considered a summarization of the entire
Land Use Plan. However, caution should be exercised in reading only this
summarization, as data and methodology utilized in formulating this section
are contained and quantified in the body of the document.
The policies contained herein will be instrumental in the implementation
of this Plan, and will collectively establish the necessary framework for
adherence thereto.
Once the Land Use Plan is adopted, it is important that the policies be
supported. The impact of the enforcement of the following policies will be a
more functional and pleasant environment in which to live and work.
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POLICY STATEMENTS
Housing
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1.- The existing housing stock will be maintained through the rehabilitation
of substandard dwelling units, where economically feasible.
2. An adequate supply of both public and market rate housing is to be
provided by encouraging local developers to participate in new Federal
housing programs', specifically the Housing and Community Development Act
of 1974.
3. The residential integrity of existing neighborhoods shall be maintained
through the strict enforcement of zoning, housing, and building codes.
4. Available sites for construction of low income housing shall be identified.
Environmental
• 1. Where feasible, the overt destruction of trees and landscape shall be
avoided, especially adjacent to streams, creeks and rivers.
2. All existing vacant lots that pose adverse effects on safety, health, and
welfare shall be cleaned up.
• 3. A Land Use Plan of the Town and Planning Area shall be adopted and updated
every five years.
4. An effective Town beautification program shall be implemented.
5. A drainage program shall be adopted and implemented.
• 6. The most cost effective program for the abatement of air, water, and noise
pollution shall be provided by cooperative efforts with State and Local
agencies.
Social, Recreational, and Cultural
1. A system of parks and playgrounds throughout the Planning Area shall be
provided for all age groups.
2. Cooperation with county government in developing recreational facilities
is encouraged.
3. Where feasible, public piers and other open space activities shall be
provided along the Cashie River.
4. A year-round Senior Citizens Activity Program will be organized and implemented.
• 5. Technical training of residents through area schools is encouraged. These
training skills can be utilized by existing or potential industries.
•
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Transportation
1. The Town shall repair and/or upgrade the existing street system to provide
the highest practical level -of services. •
2. The most functional and cost effective parking facilities in the downtown
Central Business District shall be provided.
Economic
1. The Town shall encourage optimum growth and economic development of the
Planning Area by actively participating in selectively attracting new
industry into the area.
2. A Downtown Revitalization Program should be instituted in order to encourage
economic activity and renewed interest in the downtown business community.
�2
Governmental Services
1. The Town shall utilize the provision of water and sewer services as a tool
to bring about community development in desired locations.
2. All residents within the Town limits are encouraged to hook-up to municipal
water and sewer services.
-3. To maintain effective police and fire protection by investigating and, if
found feasible, to provide centralized police and fire facilities.
4. If feasible, the town should subsidize plastic bags and provide annual leaf
vacuum service in an effort to improve garbage collection. r
5. Improvement in the quality and quantity of medical services to area residents
shall be encouraged.
6. The Town should provide a system of sidewalks in residential neighborhoods.
7. Additional street lighting to residential neighborhoods should be provided. •
8. The Town shall carry out a strong planning effort for future development
through cooperative efforts with county, state, and regional agencies.
9. Direct lines of communication between the citizens of the Planning Area
and the Town shall be established and maintained. This communication could •
take the form of regular citizen attitude surveys.
10. Windsor should seek to improve its water supply by aerating the existing
water system and by identifying its present source of'infiltration.
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In summary, because planning is an essential element in the day-to-day
operation of municipal government, policy statements function as the primary
decision -making tool. Adherence to those policies minimize the possibility of
arbitrary planning decisions. Those policies also serve as guidelines to determine
whether existing facilities are adequate for the present population and as indica-
tors of programs or actions necessary to fulfill the needs of the future population.
The purpose of the policies contained herein is to provide the methodology
to successfully meet the needs and demands of future urban development. That success
will depend upon the cooperation of all administrative bodies concerned, their
decision -making powers, and the people within the Windsor Planning Area.
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LAND DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS
The development of land within Windsor should be undertaken in accordance
•
with sound resource management principles in order to make the most economical
use of public funds.invested in services and to enhance private investment in
the long term future of Windsor. The following standards will guide the loca-
tion of development in appropriate areas and identify certain measures necessary
to insure safety and convenience for residents of and visitors to Windsor. -
A. GENERAL STANDARDS -
(1), Development should be located on stable, well —drained soils with
a relatively low water table
•
(2) Structures should be located on the development site to avoid the •
destruction of natural vegetation wherever possible.
(3) Structures should be located on site to avoid the alteration of
natural land form and drainage where possible.
(4) Development should be located to minimize interference with estab-.
lished patterns of surrounding land use and to prevent conflict
between incompatible uses of land. •
(5) Development should be located to avoid the destruction or irre—
trievable alteration of fragile or valuable natural or cultural
resources. #
(6) Development should not occur in areas where there is a demonstrated
danger of the loss of life or property due to natural or man-made
processes. •
(7) Development in areas subject to flooding should be designed and
located to minimize the damage caused by such flooding.
(8) Development should be located and timed to make the most efficient •
and economical use of existing or proposed public services including
water, sewer, solid waste disposal, public safety, schools, libraries
and social services,.,
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B. RESIDENTIAL STANDARDS
(1) Permanent neighborhoods should be located in sheltered areas
protected from encroachment by major transportation routes
and incompatible commercial development.
•
(2) Permanent neighborhoods should maintain low density levels and
large amounts of useable open space to preserve the privacy and
aesthetic appeal..
(3) Residential development wh%ch requires septic tanks for sewage
disposal should follovt current health requirements as to soil
type, height of water table and area to prevent pollution of
ground water supply, aquifer recharge areas or estuarine waters.
(4),'Development which results in residential densities over 3 families
per acre should be served by public or community sewage disposal
systems.
C. COMMERCIAL STANDARDS -
(1) General commercial activities and businesses require locations
adjacent to major thoroughfares. The uncontrolled development of
commercial sites at scattered locations along highways does not
•
promote good business,.i.s inconvenient for shoppers, promotes ineffi-
cient use of valuable developable land, creates dangerous traffic
conflicts at each driveway entrance, and seriously impairs the
• capacity and function of the highway. Therefore, commercial develop-
ment should be concentrated in groups of complementary uses where
possible.
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C21 Small commercial enterprises of less than one acre are encour,
aged to locate where suitable sites exist among existing com-
mercial uses in order to take advantage of combined drawing power
and to increase customer convenience..
(3) Large scale commercial developments involving one acre or more
•
are encouraged to concentrate complementary uses on sites large
enough to provide ample parking, controlled access to highways,
i
and suitable buffering for adjacent residential use.
(4) convenience retail facilities designed and limited to serve
neighborhood level trade areas only may be appropriate adjacent
to some residential neighborhoods if properly buffered to minimize
impact on adjacent residences..
(5) Water related commercial activity such as marinas and piers should
be located in naturally protected areas as near.deep water as pos-
sible where the least amount of alteration of vital marsh and
estuarine bottom is required.
D. INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS -
(1) Industries are encouraged to locate in the Industrial Park.
(2) Industries locating in the Windsor Planning Area should be required
to provide an assessment of the impact of primary and secondary
development caused by industry and should use the best available
technology to avoid pollution of the water or air during construction
and in production.
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all all I to Vi9.111 1 I M1 1; 1: "IMM.1111MR11119.11110A
1 1110.1111l
The public participation process depended on the Mayor, Planning Board,
Community Development Advisory Committee and area citizenry. Public meetings, a
town survey, and presentations to civic groups were the three principal methods
of encouraging town -citizen dialogue. A conscientious effort Was made to
record concerns brought up at the meetings, and the town survey was used as the
primary tool in prioritizing area needs. As a result, goals, objectives,
policies and standards were formulated. These statements were circulated to
the Town Administrator, Planning Board, Advisory Committee and Town Council.
The Planning Board in particular has worked to refine the goal statements.
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION METHODS AND DEGREE OF PARTICIPATION ACHIEVED
The following is taken from the Public Participation element of
Windsor's CAMA Planning Program. Public participation methods and the degree
of participation achieved are contained herein.
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION SUMMARY
1. Evaluation of your Public Participation Program
A. Does your land use planning depend on the local planner for direction
or does citizen involvement offer direction?
Windsor's CAMA Planning Public Program (PPP) depends on the Mayor, Planning
Board, Community Development Advisory Committee and area citizenry. The
local planner to date has played a minor policy -direction role. He does
provide the great bulk of technical support and keeps town officials and
local citizens informed on the latest CAMA and related planning developments.
He therefore is in a position to shape decisions through the information
used in decisions. The local planner has suggested general direction to
local citizen planners. This is encouraged in planning areas in which other
groups or individuals lack experience. The Town is contracting with the
planner on non-CAMA work also.
B. Unique features of your public participation program that might be
useful to other communities.
Although several public participation techniques were used, none were
!
specifically unique.
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C. How did you develop your Public Participation Program?
Windsor's Public Participation Program was jointly structured by
the Planning Board and.Community Advisory Development Committee.
It was then recommended to town officials for comments, suggestions,
and approval.
D. Do you consider your public involvement a success? Please explain.
Whether or not Windsor's public involvement -thus far has been success-
ful can be answered two ways. First, insofar as getting problems and
issues identified (from surveys/questionnaires., informal conversations,
etc.) it has been successful. Insofar as providing loco? officials
with the public's view of area problems by which administrative
decisions such as budgets and other programs can be based, it was suc-
cessful. On the other hand, insofar as getting mass turnouts at meetings,
etc., the program has not succeeded. Windsor's population, however, has
never actively participated in public decision -making. Bond issues,
downtown work, parks, and even the downtown courthouse refurbishing all
occurred without "mass public involvement". Yet, the public has shown
more concern in public decision -making over the past 12-14 months than
ever before. However, the public here as in other areas expects its
officials and boards to make decisions in the public interest. This may
not be a good situation - but it's a fact in Windsor.
E. List some key citizens in your public participation program: names,
phone numbers.
Elected Official Phone Number
Mayor L. T. Rascoe, Jr. 794-2568
Town Administrator
Mr. David Overton 794-3121
Planning Board
Mr. R. V. Thompson 794-3716
Community Advisory Development
Committee -
Mrs. Mary H. Willoughby 794-2317
Mr. D. Wesley Gray 794-3975
Interested Citizens
William G. Pittman, Jr. 794-3689
William Cratt 794-3131
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2. Steps taken to inform local citizens about the CAMA program.
A. Newspaper
Several articles (a total of 6) have appeared in the Bertie
Ledger -Advance notifying area citizens of Windsor's CAMA activi-
ties. The Bertie Ledger -Advance has a circulation of 3,600.
These articles were written to stimulate interest in Windsor's
CAMA Program, educate and inform citizenry of the CAMA's purpose
and objectives, solicit ideas and define area problems.
B. Radio
Ten -twenty second "radio spots" have been aired simultaneously
with news articles (during the week of scheduled CAMA activity) in
an effort to reach all segments of the population.
C. Television
Television has not been used in Windsor's CAMA Planning Program.
D. Bulletins, Leaflets, Newsletters
•
Bulletins provided by the CRC have been placed at focal points
throughbut the area. In addition, a door-to-door distribution of
the "Handbook on Public Participation" to over 95% of the merchants
was undertaken. This was an effort to get the Chamber of Commerce
and other business interest involved in the program.
•
E. Other Methods
Numerous workshops have been held by the Institute of Governments,
Lead Regional Organizations, and one by the Bertie County Planning
Board that focused on planning and CAMA related activities. Due to
. employment obligations of area citizens, only the latter workshop
could be taken advantage of. However, the local planner has attended
the majority of these workshops and has kept Windsor informed of
related matters.
3. Opportunities for citizens to provide input into land use planning.
A. Personal Interviews
A specific number of interviews cannot be determined. Planning
Board members, Community Development Advisory Committee.members,
local officials and other interested citizens have all personally
discussed CAMA planning with residents in such a random and informal
manner, that to term their efforts a "personal interview" is mis-
leading. For example, during the door-to-door distribution of the
"Handbook on Public Participation", the opportunity was used to
inform and generally educate residents of CAMA. Approximately 200
residents were involved in this effort alone.
•
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B. Surveys
One survey and one questionnaire was administered to area residents. •
The first, Citizen Suggested Town Improvement Survey, was administered
in March of 1975 by the Windsor Community Advisory Development Com-
mittee. The second, Bertie County Citizen Survey, was administered in
April of 1975 by the Bertie County Planning Board (Windsor Township).
C. Workshops and public meetings
Besides regularly monthly Planning Board meetings held on the third
Tuesday of each month, five (5) meetings have been held in Windsor by
the Planning Board and Community Advisory Development Committee.
Bertie County Planning Board has held three (3) meetings in town also.
As previously mentioned, a CAMA workshop was held May 29, 1975 in
which local citizens participated.
D. Other opportunities
The Town Administrator's office in Town Hall has been and remains
available to area residents to leave written comments and suggestions
concerning CAMA planning when unable to attend scheduled meetings.
This option was initiated during March, 1975 (week of Citizen Suggested
Town Improvement Survey).
4. Quality and Quantity
A. Approximate percentage of community providing input.
All households were invited and given several opportunities to partici-
pate in planning. Of the five (5) meetings held by the Planning Board
and Community Advisory Development Committee, less than five percent*
of the community participated. Out of 650 Citizen Suggested Town Im-
provement Surveys, 7.5 percent was returned; 34.1 percent of the Bertie
County Citizen Survey administered to Windsor Township was returned.
B. Are all ethnic groups and social strata involved?
Both Black and White segments of the population have provided input.
Of the 7.5 percent Town Improvement Surveys returned, 18.3 percent came
from the Black Community. Racial mix at meetings held was as follows:
Planning Board and Community Advisory Development Public Meetings -
Whites 60%
Blacks 40%
Bertie County Planning Board CAMA Meeting (only those
meetings held in Windsor)
Whites 13%
Blacks 87%
*This figure includes both Planning Board and Community Development
Advisory Members.
•
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73 •

0
C. Are non-residents and non -voters involved?
No specific attempts to reach non-residents and non -voters living
• outside Windsor's Planning Area with land holdings in Windsor were
undertaken. Non-residents and non -voters living within the Planning
Area were reached through the methods addressed in Question 2 of
this report.
D. Future participation activities planned.
As indicated in our recently submitted New Proposed CAMA Work
Schedule, we plan to hold several meetings and working sessions:
October 6 Draft plan will be presented by the local
citizen planner
•
October 16 Working session between citizen planners,
Town Commission, County Advisory Representative
•
A
•
•
•
A public hearing will be scheduled after comments and review of
proposed plan by CRC.
E. How are you reflecting the responses you are receiving into the land
use plans?
The responses received were used in formulating town goals. They will
provide the framework for Windsor's Land Use Plan.-
Person(s) Filing Report:
MAYOR OF WINDSOR
TOWN ADMINISTRATOR
PLANNING BOARD CHAIRMAN
DNER PLANNER
Name of Community: Windsor
Date of Report: August 27, 1975
74
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1
CONSTRA,MTS
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11
75
SECTION FOUR
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• • — _ • 0 a • • •
.ol
i
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lo-lilt
i
ch
N.
{
I
MAP 4
N.�� WINDSOR, N.C.
%%-,R.
.TAKEN .FROM PRELIMINARY
FLOOD HAZARD-BOUNDRY MAP
DETERMINED BY LOCAL RESIDENTS FLOOD HAZARD
AREA

E
LAND POTENTIAL -
PHYSICAL LIMITATIONS
40
HAZARD AREAS
MAN-MADE: There are several oil and petroleum product storage areas
located within the Windsor Planning Area. Those facilities having housing or
•
other structures sufficiently close to be threatened in case of fire or
explosion are located (1) in the Bertie Community at the King and Forest Streets
intersection and (2) at Davenport Oil Company off U.S. 17 and 13. Other oil
•
and petroleum storage areas pose no danger to area residents because of their
location.
NATURAL: The Windsor Planning Area, due to its elevation and location on
r
the Cashie River, is subject to frequent flooding: Development in the Cashie
Flood Plain area would be costly and cause undesirable consequences if developed.
A floodplain is a natural limitation for development. It is undesirable for
0 9
septic tanks, sewage lagoons, and earth movement by machines (see Map 4).
Floodplains shoul&-never be built upon for several reasons: (1) because they are
susceptible to flooding, and (2) because of the danger to houses, human life,
property, roads, bridges and other structures. The advantages of undeveloped
floodplains are that they absorb rainfall and retain floodwaters thereby
decreasing danger to adjacent areas.
Floodplain areas can be made aesthetically attractive. Also, they have great
recreational potential. Thus, The Study Area's floodplain can serve two functions,
one of preventing floods and one of providing parks and open space.
•
9A precise determination of the floodplain in the area by Corps of Engineers
has not been prepared. However, MAP 4 does give a general location of flood -
plain areas in the Windsor Planning Area based on data obtained from aerials,
maps, available topographic data, etc.
77
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TABLE 17
SOIL INTERPRETATIONS _
GENERAL SOIL MAP
WINDSOR, NORTH CAROLINA
LIMITATIONS FOR
Dwellings
With Recreation._.
Septic Tank Camp ''Picnic
Intensive
Light 1
Roads and
General
Woods
Sewnrage
SOIL ASSOCIATIONS
Systems-
Filter Fields Stte3 Areas
Play Areas
Industries
:Streets
'
Agelculturs
.
Soils 7, of Assoc
1, VAGRAH_OCILLA
Wagram 50
Slight
B
Slight
B
Slight Slight
Slight
Slight -'
Slight
Good
Fair co 'Good
(Approx. 14% Windsor
Ocilla, Mod.
20
Slight
Mod.Wt.
s I
Mod. I::.. Mod.Traf.
Mod.Tca[.
Mod.Car.
Slight
Good
Fair co Coed
Planning Area)
Well drained
Ocilla, somewhat
poorly drained 15
SeV.W,Fl.
t
Se v.Wt.Fl.
S ev.;raf.Fl. Sev.Traf.Fl.
Sev.F1.Wt.
Sev.FI.Wt.
S.v.FI.
Coed
Fair to Coed
2.
SO
Md.Wt.
Nod.Wt.Perc.
Hod,Tr.... Mod.Traf.
Mod.Traf.
Mod.Wt.Cor.
Mod.TSC
Good
Good
(Approx. 1% Windsor
(Approx.
Cravenplin
Craven _._ 30
Mod.Sh-Sw.
Sev.Perc.
No•d. Mod.Traf.
Mod.Traf.
Mod.Sh-Sw.Cor.
Sev.TSC Er
Coed
Coed. _
Planning Area)
Marlboro 10
Slight
Mod.Perc.
Slight Slight
Slight
Slight
Mod TSC Er.
Coed
Good
Lenoir 55
Sev.Fi.
ev. c. arc.
Sev.Traf.
,. _
Sev.F1.Wt.Cor.Sh-Sw.
_
Sev.TSC Er
Fair
...
Coed
"—'
�. LE40IR_CRAVEN
ev. ra . Sev.Traf.
(Approx. 11% Windsor
Craven 30
Mod.Sh-Sw.
Sev.Perc.
Mod.Er.Traf. Mod.Traf.
Mod.Traf.
Mod.Sh-Sw.Cor.
Sew TSC Er
Coed
Coed
Planning Area)
4. SWAMP (Approx. 23%
Swamp 90
V.Sev,Wt.FI.
V.Sev.Wt.FI.
V.See.Wt.FI. V,Sev.Wt.FI.
V.Sev.Wt.FI.
V.Sar.Wt.FI.
V.S#r Wt Ft.
V.Ser.Wt.FI.
Fair to Poor
of Windsor Planning
-
-""
Area)
Sev.Traf. Sev.Traf.s
Sev.Traf.
qq 11 qq
Cevr:SRAt
or.S _ w
Sry TSC Er
Fair
Good
5. LENOIP._COXVILLE
Lenoir 45
Sev.Fl.
Sev.WC.Fl.Perc
(Approx. 4% Windsor
Coxv111e 35
Sev.Wt.fl.
Sev.Wt.F1.Parc.'
Sev.Traf.Fl. Sev.Traf.Fl.
Sev.Traf.Fl.
Sev.F1.Wt.Cor.
Sev FI.Wt.TSC.
Fair to Poor
Coed
Planning Area)
Wickham 55
25
Slight
Sev.Sh_Sv.FI.
light
Sev.Sh-Sv.Perc.
Slight Slight
Mod.Traf.
Slight
Mod.Sh-Sw.
Mod TSC-Er
Sry TSC Er.
rood
Fair Good
Fair
Fair Coed
6. WICKHAM-ALTAVISTA_WAHEE
(Approx. 47X Windsor
Altavista
We 10
Sev.Fl.
Sev.F1.Wt.Perc.
Mod.Traf.
Sev.TraE.F1. Sev.Traf.Fl.
Sev:Sh_Sv."
Sev.Traf.Fl.
Sev.Sh_Sv.
Sev.F1.Wt.Cor.
Sev F1 TSC.
to
Poor
to
Coed
Planning Area)
..
Slopes 10% otopes iUz
oiopes 04
slope. 10%
:31oprr 01
-PCs 'U4
slopas 25%
Abbrevlationr for Limiting Factorr:
impose IIml- mpos! m
imP ilt!-
impost limI-
lmpo•e ltmt-
inPse limi-
impose ose sew.
Impose sew.
F1 - Flood horsed
tationr; 10- tations; 10-
tations; 6-
tations; 10-
1 tations: 6-
limitations
limitations
Wt - Water Table „•
25% _ Mod,; 15% - Mod,;
10% - Mod.;
25% - Mod:;
10% = Mod G
Traf - Trafficablltty
25X+ _ Sev. 15%+ - Sev,
IOX+ _ Sev.
25X+ Sev.
-
IOX+ - Sev:
Sb-Sw - Shrink -swell potential
R - Rock
Pert - Percolation rate
,. ., -
.Abbreviation, for
dearer of limitations'
..
Car - Corrosion potential
_
'Structures
TSC - Traffic supporting capacity
Slt - Slight
whose footings ace In*
Prod - Productivity
Mod. - Moderate
subsoil.
AWC - Available water capacity
NOTE: The above Table was compiled from general
soils
Sev - Severe
2Refe•rs
information of Bartle County prepared by
the
to road- and streets that have
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Sall Conservation
rubsoll for base.
Service, Raleigh, North Carolina

•
SOIL LIMITATIONS
0 An analysis of soil characteristics provide a valuable service by iden-
tifying limitations of specific sites and defi.ning areas of potential con-
struction hazards: flooding, erosion, and shallow depth to bedrock. By alerting
•
the Planning Area to these potential problems, proper precautions can be taken.
to minimize their effects.
In a recent study conducted by Freeman Associates, the soils in the Windsor
• Planning Area were cited as severe.10 However, since no detailed soil survey has
been made of the area, those soil associations that do have moderate soils can-
not be determined. Yet, there are areas with more severe soil problems than
•
others. One such area is the Swamp Soil Association area. As is true with the
flood plain, this area should not be built upon because of adverse construction
hazards.
• To the average individual, soils differ only in color and texture.
However, to the trained soil scientist, these and other basic soil character-
istics.serve as indicators of problems one can expect from a particular soil.
•
A generalized soil survey and map has been completed for Bertie County from
which the soils information relevant to the Windsor Community is taken.11
•
lOThe Freeman Associates study, Region Q, Water Resource Management,
classified soils as being either severe or moderate.
11Detailed discussion is found in Descriptions of Soil Associations,
Bertie County (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1969).
11
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This survey provides general information on soil suitability for agricultural
purposes and identifies soils whose characteristics offer limitations to urban 0
development. However, the survey states that this information is for broad
planning purposes, and is not suitable for planning the operation of a farm, or
an individual field, because the soils in one association ordinarily differ in
•
slope, depth, drainage and other characteristics that affect use and management.
There are six (6) soil associations in the Windsor Planning Area. They
•
are as follows:
1) WAGRAM - OCILLA Association: Well drained and somewhat poorly
drained soils with friable sandy clay loam subsoils.
This association makes up approximately fifty (50) percent of 0
the association. Characteristically, they have gray loamy sand
surfaces 20-40" thick over yellowish, brown, friable sand clay
:A
loam subsoils.
The Ocilla soils make up approximately thirty-five (35) percent
of the association. These soils reflect both the moderately well
•
and somewhat poorly drained conditions. They have gray to dark
gray loamy sand surfaces 20-40 inches thick over brown to yellowish
brown friable sandy clay loam subsoils.
•
The Wagram soils present only slight limitations for both farm and
non -farm use.
The moderately well drained Ocilla has slight to moderate limita-
tions for both farm and non -farm uses.
The somewhat poorly drained Ocilla, however, reflects severe
limitations .in use for both farm and non -farm purposes.
•
81

2) DUPLIN-CRAVEN-MARLBORO: Moderately well drained and well drained
soils with gray loamy sand loam surfaces and deep, firm to very
firm, yellow to yellowish red clay loam to clay subsoils.
This association constitutes a small percentage of the area's
total acreage, approximately one (1) percent. It is found in
the Northwestern portion of the Study Area just above Indian
Woods Road.
The moderately well drained Duplin soils comprise approximately
fifty percent of the association. These soils occupy the more
level areas within the association.
The Craven soils make up approximately 30 percent of the association.
Craven soils reflect an erosion hazard.
• The well drained Marlboro soils represent 10 percent of the
association.
The Duplin-Craven members of this association have moderate to
severe limitations for such non -farm uses as septic tank filter
fields, picnic areas, industrial sites and roads due to relatively
slow percolation within the firm subsoils. The Marlboro present only
slight limitation in use for either farm or non -farm uses.
3) LENOIR-CRAVEN Association: Nearly level to sloping, somewhat poorly
40
drained (Lenoir) and moderately well drained (Craven) soils with
gray to dark gray fine sandy loam to silt loam surfaces, 4-10 inches
thick over deep, very firm, mottled yellow and gray clay subsoils.
The Lenoir -Craven Association constitutes approximately 11 percent of
.
the area's total acreage. This association runs from Northwest to
Southeast portions of the Windsor Planning Area.
The Lenoir'soils make up approximately 55 percent of the association.
The inherent erodibility of these soils is moderate to severe.
The soilsof this association have moderate to severe limitations in
use for agricultural lands due to high water tables, flooding, slow
percolation and slope. They present severe hazards to use as septic
tank fields; industrial sites and other non -farm uses.
•
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4) SWAMP: Very poorly drained soil material of highly variable
textures and depths occupying positions at or near normal stream
level. These soil materials remain inundated throughout most
of the year if seasons are normal.
This association makes up 23 percent of the area's total acreage.
The Swamp Association represents the low flood plains of the
principal drainage system of the area, the Cashie River. The
soil materials are severely limited in terms of development.
5) LENOIR-COXVILLE: Somewhat poorly drained soils with (4-6") gray
to dark gray fine sandy loams to silt loams surfaces over deep
firm to very firm gray clay or sandy clay subsoils which are
mottled with yellow throughout.
This association makes up approximately 4 percent of the area's
total acreage. The soils of this association are found in the
southeast portion of the area near County Road 1514.
The Lenoir soils make up approximately 45 percent of the association.
These soils are susceptible to erosion.
The Coxville soils make up approximately 35 percent of the association.
The soils of this association have severe limitations for both farm
and non-farm.uses. They have severe limitations for use as septic
tank filter fields, camp sites, and picnic areas because of high
watertables,.slow percolation and flooding.
6) WICKHAM-ALTAVISTA-WAHEE: Well drained, moderately well drained and
somewhat poorly drained soils with dark gray to brown sandy loam to
silt loam surfaces and firm, yellowish red sandy clay loam and gray
clay subsoils. These soils are derived from old stream selluvium.
The soils of this association make up approximately 47 percent of the
0
area's total acreage. By far, it is the largest association in the
Windsor Planning Area. This association is located in the center of
the Windsor Planning Area and is disected by the Swamp Association. The
Wickham soils make up approximately 55 percent of the association. The
Altavista soils make up approximately 25 percent of the association. The
•
Wahee soils make up approximately 10 percent of the association. The
Wickham member has only slight to moderate limitations. The Altavista
and Wahee have moderate to severe limitations for both agricultural and
and non -farm uses .because of high watertables, slow percolation and flooding.
r

•
Overall, soils in the Windsor Planning Area reflect a variety of management
•
problems as a result of variations in texture, erosion and inherent drainage.
These soils pose adverse health and building implications. For example, most
of Windsor's soils have high water tables and a slow percolation rate. The
•
percolation characteristics of soils affect the performance of septic systems
and of surface and subsurface drainage. Under these circumstances, in areas
relying on private wells, the probability of disease, water pollution, and other
•
health problems are greatly increased. In addition, poor soil poses adverse
implications on construction and development. For example, the load bearing
capacity of soil determines foundationdesign requirements for structures and the
•
sub -base specifications for roads. As Table 17 shows, generally Windsor soils
have a severe traffic supporting capacity. Caution should be taken in new
construction throughout the Windsor Planning Area. Again, it is emphasized that
•
this analysis is based on data obtained from a generalized soil survey. On -site
•
testing is necessary to determine suitability of development for specific areas
in Windsor.
WATER SUPPLY AREAS.
The provision of water and sewer services and facilities serves two functions
• in the development of an area. They are: (1) meeting needs of existing develop-
ment; and (2) influencing future growth. Meeting needs of existing development
usually receives primary consideration in planning. However, the major importance
of water and sewer systems in comprehensive planning is their use as a tool for
influencing growth patterns. An examination of existing water and sewer served
areas will identify potential growth areas.
The Town of Windsor supplies water to residents within its town limits and
to the South Windsor Water Association which extends south of Windsor on U.S.
Highway 17-13. The sources of water for the Town of Windsor are three wells with
84

0
depths of 170, 110, 100 feet producing 500, 300, and 200 GPM (gallons per
•
minute). The peak load to date is 180,000 GPD (gallons per day). The town's
surplus capacity (above peak use) is 1,320,000 GPD (gallons per day). Windsor's
water system is looped with an overhead storage capacity of 300,000.gallons and
•
a ground storage capacity of 100,000 gallons.
The town recently installed 4 12" water main south along U.S. Highway 17
as part of its economic and industrial development. This area is projected to
r •
continue to develop (a more detailed discussion of projected growth areas is
found in Section Three of this Plan). The majority of Windsor's residents de-
pend upon the town for their water supply. Presently, few individual wells are
•
depended upon for water supply in town. These few wells continue to operate either
because residents prefer to maintain their own water supply or because certain
topographic and/or economic constraints which exist currently make it unfeasible
•
to provide water to these areas. Currently, the town serves the South Windsor
Water Association which extends south of Windsor on U.S. Highway 17/13 approximately
2 miles. Several other areas outside the Town'of Windsor have expressed a desire
•
for town water and sewer services. However, no official action has been taken
to date.
Many municipalities prefer that residents obtain sewer service at the time
•
water is provided. This enables the area to be simultaneously served by both
water and sewer, thus eliminating duplication of effort in installing one line
at a time. This practice should be encouraged by Windsor in order to provide
•
more effective and efficient municipal services. As with water, few areas within
the town limits do not have the capability to connect to the town's sewer system.
However, the residents in the extraterritorial jurisdiction depend almost entirely ,
upon individual wells and septic tanks for their water supply and sewage
disposal systems.
85

•
» Windsor operates two types of sewer treatment plants: Spiro Gester
(Town) and Lagoon (Industrial Park). The Spiro Gester is primary
while the Lagoon is secondary. Work is continuing on a new 1.150
mgd secondary treatment facility at the site of the existing lagoons.
The completion date has changed from June to September of 1975.
Waste treatment effluent and other treatment related effluents are
discharged into the Cashie River. A recent study indicates that the
collection system is presently experiencing excessive infiltration.12
The existing Lagoon treatment plant has a maximum capacity of 500,000
GPD while the Spiro Gester has 300,000 GPD. To date, there is no
peak flow in the Industrial Park; however, there is a peak flow of
260,000 GPD in town. Surplus capacity, above peak use, is 500,000
GPD in the Industrial Park and 40,000 in town.
•
s
•
12See W. F. Freeman Associates, Region Q: Water Resource Management
• (1975), p. 84.
• 86

•
STEEP SLOPES
Not all of Bertie County, including the Windsor Planning Area, has been
mapped by U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. Therefore, slopes exceeding
twelve percent could not accurately be determined. It is assumed that no such
•
slopes exist in the Study Area with exception of river banks.
FRAGILE AREAS
Several of the ten fragile areas addressed in the State Guidelines for
Local Planning in the Coastal Area under the Coastal Area Management Act of 1974
are not applicable to the Windsor Planning Area. To this extent, N/A will
identify those areas.
•
Co"ta e Gla"nda
N/A
Sand Duna_ AtDng the Ou ten Banks
N/A
Ocean Beachez .and Shone_.ne,d
N/A
FA,71Rt/e10. f1h7 olIA
N/A
Pubtic T&"t Watex6 .
w
•
•
The Cashie River which flows approximately 4.8 miles through the Study Area
is identified as public.trust waters. The Cashie River is also classified as
"Class C" waters in the State Stream Classification System. The best usage of
•
"Class C" water includes fishing, boating; wading and any other usage except for
bathing or as a source of water supply for drinking, culinary or food -processing
purposes. "Class C" waters are suitable for fish and wildlife propagation.
•
Cashie River development should concentrate on non -intensive recreational uses
due to the quality standards applicable to "Class C" Waters. (The "Class C"
Stream Classification standards and description is outlined in more detail in
•
Appendix B.)
87

Compte,x Na t ota e Akead
0 No complex natural areas have been identified in the Study Area.
Anecu that Su.6ta%n Remnant Spea u
No areas sustaining remnant species have been identified in the Study Area.
Unique Geotogica.2 FoAmationz
No unique geological formations have been identified in the Study Area.
Registered NatmAt Landmanftd
There are no registered natural landmarks located -in the Windsor Planning
Area.
Ancheotogic and. H.i atoAi,c Site6
There are no known archeologic sites located in the Windsor Planning Area.
In terms of historic sites, the Rosefield House, birthplace of William
Blount, is located in Windsor. Rosefield House has been approved for
• nomination to the National Register of Historic Places.
AREAS WITH RESOURCE POTENTIAL
Productive AgXicuttwcat .Lando .
Within .the Windsor Planning Area there are approximately 1,858 acres of land
devoted to agricultural use. These lands, most of which are within the one -
mile limits, are productive. Urban development should be directed to sites
• other than within these type lands. Most of these lands are located in the
northwestern and southwestern portions of the Planning Area.
M.i.nenat Sited
There are no known mineral deposits in the Windsor Planning Area.
Pubt i.cey-awned .Pore t6, Pa 6, Fizh and Game Landa, and Other. Outdoor
Recreati.ortae Lande .
There are no publicly -owned forests, parks, fish and game lands in the
Windsor Planning Area.
0 88

0
WATER
Pfr ivateky-owned WitdU4e Sanc tuah iez.
None of these facilities are in the Windsor Planning Area. •
Windsor has a municipal owned water treatment and distribution system. The
•
Town has three wells with a combined capacity of 1,100 gallons per day. Currently
the water treatment plant has a capacity of 1.500 million gallons per day (MGD). •
Present peak consumption is .170 mgd with a surplus of 1,330 mgd over present
consumption. Map 6 shows the existing water service area for Windsor. The
present water surplus capacity of 1,320,000 GPD (gallons per day) will be •
adequate to meet additional population demands over the next ten (10) years.
Aeration of the water system is the only anticipated future need.
SEWER
Windsor operates a municipal collection and treatment system. There are
five pumping stations. The existing treatment facility has a capacity of .800
•
million gallons per day (mgd). Peak flow to date is .260 mgd with a surplus •
capacity of .540 mgd above peak consumption. A new 1.150 mgd secondary treatment
plant began operation in September of 1975. The surplus capacity of 540,000
mgd will be adequate to handle additional population and industrial growth over •
the next ten (10) years. (Map 6 shows Windsor's water and sewer area.)
TRANSPORTATION (Primary Roads
The provision and maintenance of an adequate and efficient transportation •
system will be of extreme importance to the future development of the Study Area.
A transportation system .includes not only highways and streets, but rail, air,
mass transit, and bikeways as portions of the system. Such a multi -model •
approach is necessary to provide a balanced system.
89 •

•
1
r
l
1
I
1
1
11
Q
w
M
Q
w
t
/ W
/ cl: LD
/ w ¢ s
F- 3 F-
/
` 3
90

0
The Windsor Planning -Area is served by five primary roads: U.S. 13 By -Pass,
40 U.S. 13 Business, U.S. 17 By -Pass, U.S. 17 Business, and N.C. 308. Other streets
generating moderate traffic are: Indian Woods Roads, Granville and Sterlingworth
Streets. Pavement widths for these roads are: U.S. 17 By -Pass, 24 feet; U.S. 17
I Business, varies from 40 to 55 feet; U.S. 13 Business, 26 feet; U.S. 13 By -Pass,
24 feet; N.C. 308, 20 Feet; Granville, varies from 24 to 40 feet; Sterlingworth
Street, 20 feet; U.S. 13 By -Pass varies from 22 feet to 26 feet; and Indian
0 Woods Roads, varies from 18 feet to 32 feet.
Table 18 gives the design capacity, traffic county, and percent utilization
of above -mentioned streets. The capacity figures followed by "S" indicate that
r the possible volume is based on some of the intersections having traffic signals.
If there are no signals, possible volumes are about 40% greater.
There are no immediate plans to increase capacity of these roads, nor are
S there plans to serve the Windsor Planning Area with any new roads. The existing
transportation network appears adequate.
Pedestrain travel is an additional mode of transportation that is receiving
0 attention as a result of national energy policies and environmental awareness
of local citizens. The use of sidewalks may cause a decrease in the use of the
private automobile which could result in savings of fuel. Also, sidewalks in
residential areas tend to increase interaction of residents, and in return, sig-
nificantly increase the livability of the neighborhood. Presently, the town does
not have a system of sidewalks. The provision of sidewalks in residential
0 neighborhoods received high priority in the Suggested Town Improvement Survey.
Therefore, the provision of sidewalks to facilitate pedestrial travel should
be considered.
F.
91

�o
N
TABLE 18
Road
U.S. 13 By -Pass
U.S. 13 Business
U.S. 17.By-Pass
U.S. 17 Business
N.C. 308
Indian Woods Roads
Sterlingworth Street
Granville Street
PRIMARY ROADS
TOWN OF WINDSOR
1975
Design Capacity
13,000 - 30,000 VPDI
9,000 - 15,000 (s)2VPD
13,000 - 30,000 VPD
15,000 - 18,000 (s) VPD
12,000 VPD
11,000 - 15,000 VPD
12,000 - 18,000 (s) VPD
18,000 (s) VPD
1Vehicles Per Day
2Roads with traffic signals
Vehicles Per Day
2,800 - 3,200
2,700 - 5,100
3,000 - 7,200
4,400 - 6,400
2,200
1,070 - 1,100
2,200
2,200 - 4,400
Maximum % Utilized
10.6
34.0
24.0
35.5
18.3
7.3
'l2.2
24.4
•
a

Schools
1
The Windsor Planning Area is served by Bertie County Public School
System and two private institutions. Two county facilities are located in
Windsor, W. S. Etheridge and Windsor Elementary Schools. As shown in
Table 19, the average daily membership projection is 4,703 in 1976-77
and 4,492 in 1977-78. The 1973-74 school enrollment was 5,932. This
projection indicates a decline of 1,440 students from the 1973-74 to 1977-
1978. The projection decline is probably attributed to the decrease in
the under five age group. (See population age group characteristics in
Section II.)
1
In 1974, Bertie County Board of Education made proposals for school
improvements. These proposals take into consideration the projected student
loss. Table 20 is an inventory of the Bertie County School System and Table 21
/
summarizes the Bertie County Plan for Reorganization.
Town Hall
P All town departments are housed in the Windsor Town Hall, located on King
•
Street. They consist of Police, Fire, Sanitation, Electrical, Water and Sewer,
Cemetery and Administrative Departments. A limited area for parking is provided
for town employees at the rear of the building.
Presently, there are considerable overcrowding problems associated with
Town Hall, However, the town government must grow proportionately with the
population and consideration must be given to expanding the present facilities
or relocating some departments presently housed in the building. Some thought
has been given to a centralized Police and Fire Department Facility.
93

TABLE 19
4
4
BERTIE COUNTY SCHOOLS
Average Daily Membership Projections
4
1976 - 1977 1977 - 1978
Total' 4,703 4,492
4
SOURCE: Bertie County Board of Education, 1974.
4
Is
94

1
1
1
1
0
TABLE 20 PUBLIC SCHOOL FACILITIES, BERTIE COUNTY
1973-74 School Year
C
E
iJ
N
SCHOOL
41
a-
e-
rpo-
f.. N
N E
f.
Cl
U
W 4J
N O
i. r
`�'
Gl.
L
U O
N e—
.�
G. Rf 4-3
w �
to :3
C_ F- CL'
CDF-
>- O. d
s ewv e Elementary
200
204
7
29.1
1-7
1964
Aulander Elementary
420
131
4
32.7
5-7
1914 26 41
800-
Bertie Junior Hi h
1000
1058
51k
20.7
8&9
1962 68
900-
Bertie Senior High
1100
1304
61k
21.4
10-12
1962,68 70,72
575-
C. G. White Elementary
625
333
12
27.7
K-7
_
1951,70
Colerain Elementary
500
305
12
25.4
5-7
1922,39 49
John B. Bond Elementary
460
322
11
29.2
K 3-5
1935,52
John P. Law Elementary,
225
183
7
26.1
K-7
1961
Roxobel Kelford Elementary
330
212
6
35.3
6&7
1928
South Aulander Elementary
225
201
8
25.1
K-4
1964
West Bertie Elementar
225
210
8
26.2
K-2
1961
West Colerain Elementary
200
373
13
28.7
1-4
1932,61
W. S. Etheridge E ementary
780
568
23
24.7
NG
1925 46 52•
WindsorElementary -
660
528
21
25.1
NG
1926,41 47
SOURCE: Bertie County Board of Education, 1974.
95

TABLE 21
PLAN FOR REORGANIZATION
Bertie County
Attendance
Area
Schools Serving
Area by Grades
. 73-74
Membership
Projected
Plans For Use
Resulting
Organization 77-78
77=78
Membership
Asketwille
Askewville 1-7
194
Add-1 Class
K-8
237
Aulander
Aulander 5-7
125
Abandon
K-8
264
out u an er K-
187
Addition
Powellsville
C. G. White K-7
310
N C*
K-8
246
Colerain
Colerain 5-7
296
Renovate
K-8
749
West Colerain -4
348
Renovate
West Bertie
J. B. Bond 3-5
West Bertie K-2
Roxobel/Kelford 6-7
304
20-1
180
Abandon
Addition
Abandon
K-8
530
Windsor
W. S. Etheridge K-4
551
Abandon
Not In Use
0
ndsor 5-7
515
Abandon
Merry Hill
J. P. Law K-7
173
N C*
K-8
181
Bertie Jr.
Bertie Jr. 8-9
1002
Convert to K-8.
Windsor Dist.
K-8
794
Bertie Sr.
Bertie Sr. 10-12
1188
Convert to 9- 2
Sr. High Additions
9-12
1491
TOTAL
5572
4492
SOURCE: Bertie County Board of Education, 1974.
M.
• • • iAM � - •

Public Safety
Potice
The residents -of the Planning Area are provided police protection by the
Windsor Police within the.Windsor Planning Area and Bertie County Sheriff's
Department in areas beoynd the extraterritorial area. The Windsor Police
Department located in Windsor Town Hall and the Bertie County Sheriff's
Department is located in Bertie County Courthouse. Police protection consists
of five full-time and four part-time county officers and four full-time and
one part-time official.
During 1974, the Police Department handled approximately 285 major and
minor offenses and recovered $2,053.55 of the reported $3,694.00 stolen property.
Over 46 hours were spend investigating traffic accidents, and over 204 calls
b were answered in its effort to provide protection to area residents.
Fi&e
The Town of Windsor is provided fire protection by the Windsor Fire Depart-
ment. The headquarters of the Fire Department are at Town Hall. There are two
full-time and thirty-six volunteer firemen. Engine Company Number One has a
. fire insurance rating of 7 and is motorized by four fire fighting equipped
trucks. The Fire Department Headquarters lack sufficient space for all fire
apparatus, Because of this lack of space,.fire,equipment is stored at two
separate locations. This could be a handicapp to fire protection operators.
Also, the continued development of commercial strips could decrease the efficiency
of fire protectors to businesses, since concentrated commercial development is
more easily served.
97

Libnani.es
The expanding population, the attainment of higher education, and the 4
emerging leisure life style have all contributed to making libraries a desirable
part of community life. Libraries contribute to the continuing education of all
individuals who use them. Therefore, the expansion of library services could
parallel development in the Planning Area.
The Town of Windsor has one public library, Lawrence Memorial Library.
Lawrence Memorial belongs to the Albemarle Regional Library System. The main
library is located in Winton.
Mobile library service is available twice a month through the Albemarle
Regional Library System. Lawrence Memorial has an estimated volume of 25,000 4
books with an estimated book circulation of 18,000 (1974). During 1974, library
users numbered from 575,585 and 588, in September, October, and November
respectively.
One full-time librarian is maintained by Lawrence Memorial with an annual
operating budget of $15,800 (1974). The Library hours are from 10:00 A.M. to
4
12:00 Noon and from 2:00 P.M. to 6:00 P.M. Monday through Friday. 4
Medi.cak Fac,c.P.i tiez
The availability of medical facilities and services to all socio-economic
segments of the population is a valuable asset to any community due to an
inherent concern for the health of the individual and family. The Windsor
Planning Area is served by Bertie Memorial Hospital. It has 50 beds and offers
medical care to both town and county residents.
In addition to service offered by Bertie Memorial, the Windsor Rescue Unit
offers 24 hour ambulance service and transportation of sick and injured. The
unit offers first aid and all types of rescue services.
Windsor has a rest home, Windsor Park Home, with facilities for 21 residents.
Overall professional medical assistance is provided through the town's four
M.D.'s and two dentists. 0

Reekeation
0 Recreation is playing a vital role in personal development, cultural
advancement, social reform, and emotional stability. Recreation involves
the pleasureable and constructive use of leisure time (an increasing life-
style change). It is relaxation and release from strain which may be physical,
intellectual or emotional; it may be active or passive in nature; and it may
be engated in at any time and in any place. Recreation can form the basis
0 for emotional release, and it can instill the spirit of fair play and com-
petition. In addition, members of all levels of the socio-economic structure
can find equality while engaging in the many activities of recreation.
Recreation was one of the most identified needs of the area in a recent
survey. Presently, the Town of Windsor does not have a recreationl plan or
operate a recreational program. Most recreational opportunities are offered
through the County Recreational Program which consists mainly of Little
League Baseball and Tennis.
There is one private park maintained by the Jaycees (Jaycees Park). Golf
0 and pool facilities are not provided by the town. However, there is one
private pool and one private golf course.
Windsor recognizes the need to provide year-round recreational opportu-
. nities. However, just as many other local communities, Windsor does not have
the resources to meet this need. As stated in the Statewide Comprehensive
Outdoor Recreational Plan, the establishment of State grant-in-aid programs
. for acquisition of areas at the local level would facilitate improvements of
recreation facilities. Financial support from various foundations, businesses,
and other organizations is needed to meet Windsor's recreational needs. These
0 needs and other recreational opportunities will continue to demand greater
emphasis in the area.
0 99

ESTIMATED DEMANDS
•
FA
SECTION FIVE
a 100

. .. .. . ... .... .... ..
POPULATION AND ECONOMY
POPULATION
Basic characteristics of the population (discussed in SECTION TWO) are
significant in their effects on possible future land development. Demands
for land use activities may be ascertained (community facilities, etc.)
based upon demographic calculations and projections,
The base used in projecting Windsor's future population was the 1970 Census.
The projections utilize a method which considers past projection characteristics
and trends, birth rates, death rates, migration rates, and other variables. This
method is considered reliable by demographers. However, when considering
projections, one must remember, projections are only predictions based upon
many variables.
P TEN YEAR POPULATION PROJECTION
As shown in Table 22, Windsor's population is projected to increase from
its present 2,300 to 2,642 by the year 1985. This represents fifteen (15)
1 percent change.
CONSIDERATIONS TAKEN IN .PREPARING TEN-YEAR PROJECTION-
-Seasonal populations are felt to have no significant effect on the present
population. In addition, seasonal populations are not expected to. have a
significant affect on future populations. However, projected regional social
and economic improvements will affect Windsor's projected ten-year population.
That is, area residents. feel that better regional improvements in housing,
medical services, transportation, etc. will aid in Windsor's development and
in maintaining a slow_but steady population growth rate, The town should
concentrate on developing enough services to support the existing population
and inward county migration. Windsor is seen as a small progressive town by
its residents'
101

Five, Ten, Twenty -Five and Fifty Year Pro j'ect1ons
Windsor's 5, 10, 25 and 50 year projections are shown in Table 22.
Local population estimates are indicated in Table 23, Local estimates are
In
particularly noteworthy after year 2000, The Department of Administration
(DA) projection shows a decrease of 733 people between year 2000 to 2020
4
while the local estimates show an increase of 470 people during the same
period. The projected population decline may be attributed to a number of
assumptions built into the population model. Projection model assumptions
A
could include the rate at which families are formed, prosperity or.
depression, or marriage rates, etc. In other words, there is no absolute
definitive reason for this sudden projected decline in population. Area
4
residents feel that as economic and social conditions in the. region improve,
Windsor's population will.stabilize and maintain a continuous increase during
the next forty (40) year period (1980-2020).
4
Local estimates do not differ greatly from the DA projections until
after the year 2000. For this .reason reference will be made to the local
estimate when discussing year 2010 and Z020. Also, the higher population
projection compliments the town's.goal "to encourage the most satisfactory
optimum growth."
TABLE 22
POPULATION PROJECTIONS
Town of Windsor
1975-2020 -
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2010 2020
2,300 2,494 2,642 2,789 2,969 3,150 2,861- 2,317
SOURCE: N.C. Department of Administration
• 102

TABLE 23
1980 J Y85 1990
2,465 2,622 2,781
POPULATION ESTIMATES..
Town of Windsor
1980�1990
2020 2010
3,150 3,377
SOURCE: Local Citizens, Town of Windsor, 1976,
2020
3,620
103

RELATIONSHIP OF LONG --TERM PROJECTIONS TO DESIRES OF THE PEOPLE
The long-term projections shown in Table 23 reflect local citizens'
desires for a slow, but steady population growth. Local residents also feel
that these projections are consistent with their resources to provide
supporting services" (See previous discussion of 5, 10, 25 and 50 year
population projections,)
CAPABILITIES (CARRYING CAPACITY) OF THE LAND AND WATER TO
SUSTAIN GROWTH
The carrying capacity issue should be considered here; Carrying
capacity refers to the capability of the land or water to handle human develop-
ment without damage to the natural resources; In Windsor the issue is not
nearly so important as in those counties and cities with fragile salt water
resources and greater populations. However, redevelopment and improvement
of present living conditions will continue. Any new development requiring
water and sewer will need to locate near Windsor where the facilities are
capable of handling considerably greater demands: With the trend towards
rural living and vacation or retirement homes, clearly the most vulnerable
areas are those near the Cashie River. Rigid enforcement of existing
sanitation codes is mandatory if water quality is to be protected,
E�{�AMINATION OF SEASONAL POPULATION AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS
Seasonal populations are not anticipated to have a significant impact on
economic activity in Windsor. For example, there are no motels or hotels
within the Planning Area which tourist (traveling along scenic Highway W."S;' 17)
can utilize: However, it is assumed that businesses will capture a limited
amount of gasoline sales during summer months, This impact will be further
reduced with the completion of I-95 within the next five to ten years.
ECONOMY
As with most places less than 2,500 in population, economic data is limited
Economic projections are based on a*variety of economic data: Hence, there is no
way to"make a realistic economic base-analys.is of Windsor, This discussion can
point to Windsor's Industrial Park as having some economic impact on the future.
6
104

Perhaps, recent installation of water and sewer lines to the Industrial Park
is a crude -indicator of potential economic activity in the area. Yet, with
no comparison data, only economic assumptions can be made.
Windsor, the Bertie County Seat, served as a regional economic center
since its early history. Although downtown economic activity has decreased
over the past years as evident of several vacant and deteriorating structures,
the town is still viewed as a local economic center lying between Ahoskie
and Williamston, primarily serving the residents of.Bertie County.
Windsor does not have the population to support both downtown and
commercial activities and shopping center activities. Therefore, commercial
1
establishments are being encouraged to locate in the downtown area. Enactment
of the proposed Zoning Ordinance will aid in retaining commercial activity
in the downtown area. To make the downtown business district more attractive,
the town plans to completely "up -lift" downtown Windsor. Other plans include
providing ample off -street -parking.
It is hoped that these improvements will aid in completely reviving
downtown economic activity. Renovation of vacant buildings will provide
ample space for business expansion -and businesses seeking new locations.
i_ 1F.11►Ills 1_A _I
The Coastal Area Management Act Guidelines suggest steps for determining
'future land needs.13 These standards can be more readily applied to counties
rather than to small -rural towns (less than 2,500) primarily due to density
requirements associated with each land use class, Nevertheless, the following
land assessment does take into account the prescribed methods where
A applicable.
. 13See State Guidelines for local Planning in the Coastal Area Under the
Coastal Area Management Act of 1974�(1975), p. 33.
105

RESIDENTIAL LAND NEEDS
Forecasting future land needs is a helpful land use planning technique. 4
The method set forth is found in Urban Land Use by F. Stuart Chapin, Jr.
Chapin's method has been slightly modified reflecting data inadequacies.
An analysis of residential area requirements falls into the following steps. 4
1. Organization of relevant existing housing data.
2. Develop working assumptions and estimate future needs,
3. Fill space needs to vacant land supply.
4. Summarize space needs and population.14
(Step 1) As of 1970, there were 801 year-round housing units in Windsor.
Tables 1 through 6"in'Appendix A give existing housing related data,
(Step 2) It is assumed that the average household size of 2.83 will remain
constant over the planning period. By applying the present average household,
size to the present population and to the projected population, the difference
between these two results provides a.crude unadjusted projection of the total
new dwelling unit requirements.
Also, it is assumed that a,total of 19 homes in the current housing
stock will be lost over -the next ten years due to fire and other catastrophes.
This is based on local observations of past losses and adjusted downward for
anticipated improvements in fire -fighting .potential and the expected effective-
ness of local governmental operations during this planning period.
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(Step 3) Essentially the third step involves fitting space needs to land '
supply. Windsor has a total of.approximately 110 acres of vacant lands
suitable for residential purposes. By applying the Transitional Class
density of a minimum of 2,000 people per square mile, the holding capacity of ,
14F, Stuart Chapin, Jr., Urban Land Use Plannin (Urbana, Chicago,
London: University of Illinois Press, 1972), PP. 422-439.
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vacant suitable lands within the town limits would be approximately 350,
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(Step 4) This step summarizes space requirements and population projections
in Windsor. Windsor is expected to reach 2,642 by 1985. In summary, this
would mean an increase of 342 people and a new construction housing demand
of 121 assuming the present household size is constant.
MDUSTRIAL LAND NEEDS
The Industrial Park is considered the 'most suitable industrial land.
Recent installation of a 12-inch water line to this area -adds to its prime
industrial suitability. Thus, Windsor �as 109 acres of suitable industrial
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land in addition to the present 84 acre§ of industrial land uses. This
will be adequate to accommodate anticipated.future industrial use.
COMMERCIAL LAND NEEDS
0 Recent clearance and street improvements were made in the King Street
downtown area. These improvements were made especially for commercial
development. The area totals approximately four acres. This area and other
P vacant downtown buildings will provide adequate space to accommodate future
commercial development.
+ COMMUNITY FACILITIES DEMAND
As previously mentioned, the area along U.S. 13 By -Pass west of Town is
expected to experience moderate growth over the next ten years. Installation
of a 12" water main will accelerate bath industrial and residential growth in
the area. Both studies, Rivers and Freeman Associates, state that as additional
industries locate in Oe area (presumably the Industrial Park Area) additional
wells and elevated storage will be required to meet their demands. Currently,
the water treatment plant has a capacity of 1.500 million gallons per day
(mgd). Present peak consumption is .170 mgd with a surplus of 1.330-mgd
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over the present consumption. The present water surplus.capacity of
1,320,000'GPD (gallons per day) will be adequate to meet additional popula-
tion demands over the next ten (10) years. Aeration of the water system
which is presently being sought is the only anticipated future need.
Table 24 shows the projected average water demand for the Town of 4
Windsor. A steady increase in water consumption has occurred over the past
years.
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SEWER
The new 1.150 mgd secondary treatment plant, scheduled for operation in
September, 1975, will provide adequate waste treatment facilities for the ,
duration of this planning period, The Freeman Study states that the facility
will probably require renovation about the year 2000, and recommends that a
study be undertaken to determine the.degree and sources of infiltration of the
Town.collection system. The existing treatment facility has a capacity.of
.800 million gallons::por day,(mgd). Peak.flow to date is .260 mgd with a
surplus capacity of .540 mgd above peak consumption, --In addition,.a new
1.150 mgd secondary treatment plant,is in operation. The surplus capacity of
540,000 mgd will be adequate to handle additional population and industrial
growth over the next''ten (10) years.
Table 25 shows the projected average wastewater flow. Parallel to
projected water demand, wastewater flow.has shown a steady increase over the
past years and is expected to continue..
LIBRARIES
The value and impact of a public library's resources on the people is
enormous through its cultural enlightenment of the community, The Albemarle
Regional Library System currently serves the Windsor Planning Area.
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TABLE 24 PROJECTED AVERAGE WATER DEMAND
Town of Windsor
1975
0
Town
1960
1970
1980
1985
1990
2000
2010
2020
Windsor
0.181
0.220
0.274
0.304
0.335
0.410
0.401
0.348
0
0
SOURCE: Freeman and Associates.
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TABLE 25 PROJECTED AVERAGE WASTEWATER FLOW
Windsor
1975
4
Town 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Windsor 0.181 0.220 0.274 0.335 0.410
SOURCE: Freeman and Associates.
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Lawrence Memorial Library is part of this system, According to the
American Library Association, a standard of two books per capita are minimum
requirements for small library systems, Lawrence Memorial has an estimated
volume of 25,000, Assuming the population projections)-5 are realized,
Lawrence Memorial will provide ample service to the projected 6,960 area
inhabitants in 1985,
In addition, the American Library Association suggests a floor space
standard of 0.6 feet per capita. Using that standard, Lawrence Memorial .
would need only 4,176 square feet to meet the needs of its 1985 population.
Presently, the library has 5,000 square feet. Thus, the Planning Area's
library facility is adequate for future needs.
NOTE: This plan did not attempt to evaluate the "quality" of library volumes.
This is only a statistical attempt to evaluate the adequacy of library
services in terms of projected population,
FIRE PROTECTION
The most serious problem confronting the town with regard to fire protec-
tion is the lack of adequate space for storage of fire equipment. The Town
presently has a seventh (7th) Class Fire Insurance Rating. Improvement would
not only provide more adequate fire protection but possibly lower fire
* insurance premium costs.
Water availability for lire fighting.is a problem,An the Planning-lArea
The American Insurance'Association has set up requirements for adequacy of
the water system... based on average conditions found in communities of
various sizes. 16 Accordingly, the required fire flow is as follows:
is-fownship projections are used because Lawrence Memorial's service area
extends beyond the Windsor Planning Area.
1 illiam I. Goodman and Eric C. Fruend, eds., Principles and Practices of
Urban Planning (Washington, D. C.: International City Manager's Association,
1968), p. 223.
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REQUIRED FIRE FLOW
Duration
Population Average City/Town Hours
gpm mgd
1,000 1,000 1,44 4
1,500 1,250 1,80 5
2,000 1,500 2.16 6
3,000 1,750 2.52 7
4,000 2,000 2,88 8
5,000 2,250 3.24 9
SOURCE: Standard Schedule for Cities and Towns of the United States with
Reference to Their Fire Defenses end Physical Conditions. (New York-,
American Insurance Association) (National Board of Fire Underwriters),
1956, ed.).
Presently, Windsor with a 1970 population of 2,199 has a 1,000 gpm
capacity. According to the National Board of Fire Underwirters the town should
presently have a fire flow of at least 1,500 gpm. If population projections
are realized by 1985, Windsor will have a population of. 2,642. Thus, by
1985 the required flow will be approximately 1,750 gpm. Since water availabi-
lity is one of the most important factors in fire protection, the Town and
Fire -Department should take immediate steps to improve existing fire flow and
take appropriate steps to meet future demands.
The future provision of fire protection to portions of the Planning Area,
which may be annexed by the Town,.will greatly depend upon the availability
of water.
A final consideration as to future needs of the.Fire-Department is that
of a new building with training facilities. As stated'in the outset of
this section, adequate space is needed. Because of the lack of adequate
space, the need for a modern -,,well-equipped training center is evident, If
sufficient funds are not presently available to construct the entire center, Is
possible purchase of land in a desirable location should be investigated.
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POLICE PROTECTION
i The projected population increase in?.the Planning Area will command addi-
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tional police protection. Using the International City Manager's Association
standard of 2.0 uniformed officers'per thousand population, Table 34 shows
_ minimum requirements for police,force. The "2,0 uniformed officers per
thousand population" means that two uniformed officers for every thousand
residents should always be on duty. The present ratio of officers to
population is favorable when compared to the IMCA standard.
FACILITIES COST
The provision of adequate space for town administrative services and the
provision of an adequate water system are Windsor's most pressing needs, All
town departments are housed in the existing facility on King Street. Space
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is limited in this facility, thus cheating an inefficient and nonconducive
working atmosphere. Secondly, as Windsor strives for industrial growth and
development, water and sewer demands will increase. The recently opened
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waste treatment plant.wil1 meet future waste treatment demands;.however, as
new industries locate in Windsor water demand will increase. The cost
implications of growth and development must be fully understood by all
citizens. According to Windsor's Town Administrator, it would cost approxi-
mately $150,000 for a Central Fire and Police facility and approximately
$27,000 to renovate the present Town Hall facility. Presently, funds are
being sought for aeration of the water system. Aeration cost is estimated
at $120,000. This amounts to approximately $297,000 in capital needs,
Therefore, every possible federal, state, and.local source should be explored.
The town should seek revenue sharing money provided these funds are continued.
0 113

If not, other possible sources could come from a bond referendum
and/or tax increases.
In summary, the community facilities needs contained herewith have been
produced to provide insight into the future needs of the Windsor Planning
Area. The town should remain cognizant of the need for various community
facilities and maintain an up-to-date inventory of the factors which
generate these needs. Specific functional plans, e.g., community facilities
plan; capital improvements::plans, etc. should be prepared in.order that the
adequate provision of community facilities may be provided.
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PLAN DESCRIPTION
SECTION SIX
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LAND CLASSIFICATION DESCRIBED
The Land Classification Map, MAP 7, is a general graphic depiction of the'
manner in which future development in the Windsor Planning Area is expected to
occur. Previous discussions have attempted to address, in specific details,
future land use demands and constraints.
The land classification system as outlined in the Guidelines is divided
into five areas: developed, transition, community, rural, and conservation.
The following is a general description of each land classification.
Developed - Lands where existing population density is moderate to high
-And where there are a variety of land uses which have the necessary public services.
These lands are delineated in solid rust on the Land Classification Map. Although
growth must be recognized and planned for, the Town should not lose sight of the
fact that rehabilitation and alleviation of land use problems in older areas of
the Town should also be strived toward during the planning period. It is hoped that
by alleviating many of the problems existing in the Developed areas, those same
problems will not occur in newly developing areas.
Function and Standards
Developed lands will provide the service and growth centers for the Planning
Area. They are intended to accommodate the greater portion of the necessary and
natural expansion of residential, commercial, and industrial activities. The
needs of Windsor's permanent population for housing, recreation, commercial
activity, social and professional services will be met in these areas. The building
intensity in the developed areas will allow the economic feasibility of a high level
of public and institutional services. Continued development and redevelopment is`
encouraged to provide for the orderly growth in this area.
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Transition — Lands where local government plans to accommodate moderate
to high density development during the following ten year period and where •
necessary public services will be provided to accommodate that growth. These
lands are delineated in hatched rust on the Land Classification Map. Windsor's
transitional lands are located adjacent to developed lands within the town limits. •
and in the eastern and southern portion of the Planning Area in the Sanci Road
and Industrial Park vicinity.
Function and Standards
•
Transition lands will provide for moderate intensity development in areas
where development will not significantly harm relatively tolerant natural resources.
These areas are designed to provide for residential expansion and growth and to •
accommodate uses. related to and compatible with residential uses in the vicinity
of developed lands where utilities and community services can be most economically
and readily provided. Development i-n Transitional areas will be at a generally •
less intense level than.in developed lands. These areas will be classified as
developed when services are provided and as more intense development occurs.
Communi tv — Lands where low density development is grouped in existing
A
settlements or will occur in such settlements during the following ten year period
and which will not require extensive public services now or in the future. These
lands are delineated in cross -hatched rust on the Land Classification Map. They
appear in the northern portions of the planning area along U.S. Highway 13 to Ahoskie.
Function and Standards
The community lands will provide for low intensity development opportunities,
a
These areas will primarily provide residential opportunities for permanent
residents. Public services and utilities will not be available in these areas at
as high a level as in the developed and transitional areas.
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17,
Rural - Lands whose highest use is for agriculture, forestry, mining, water
supply, etc., based on their natural resources. These lands are depicted in white
on the Land Classification Map. Rural areas are characterized by forested or open,
low lying lands which would be suited for carefully managed resource utilization
programs and as forestry, agriculture or passive recreation.
Function and Standards
Rural lands will provide areas for the long term management of productive
resources within the Planning Area. Building construction, residential and related
supporting development should occur only on large lots in relatively small clusters
on carefully selected sites. Public services and utilities in these areas will be
limited to support only those uses which are compatible with the concept of conser-
vative resource utilization. The rural classification will also provide large open
w areas within the Planning Area to serve as a buffer against incompatible uses of
land and to serve as a buffer against incompatible uses of land and to serve future
land needs which cannot be anticipated.
Conservation - Fragile., hazard and other lands necessary to maintain a
healthy natural environment and necessary to'provide for the public health, safety,
or welfare. Conservation lands are depicted in Dot Green on the Land Classification
0 Map. These are land areas within the Windsor Planning Area where development must
be restricted because of an inherent incapability of the land to support development
because of fragility or hazardous conditions or because the natural resources repre-
0 sent a greater value than that of development.
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Function and Standards
There is sufficient land suitable for development in the Planning Area to
accommodate projected and desirable growth without infringing upon areas which
are unsuited for development. The classification of conservation lands will direct
development away from areas which cannot support intensive development, where public
services are not and should not be made available, and direct it instead to more 0
tolerant areas where services can be supplied more economically. These areas are
also designated to identify characteristics which represent a potential hazard to
development such as flood and erosion. These hazard factors increase the public
and private cost required to support development.
PROJECTED POPULATION GROWTH ALLOCATIONS
Projected population"allocations to the various land classifications reflect
local desires for economic and social development. Local and county residents feel
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that industrial growth with supporting economic and social activity is the crucial 0
factor in halting county population losses. Windsor,' being the county seat and
center of economic activity, is expected to capture much of this growth. In keeping
with local desires, residential growth in transitional areas within the town is con-
sidered priority.
Residents are aware that as transitional lands within the town are developed,
additional residential development pressures will occur in the extraterritorial area.
To this extent, community lands in the northern portion, and transitional areas in the
eastern and southern portions of the Planning Area (excluding 'industrial transitional
lands) will provide additional residential growth areas. The Industrial Park, classi-
fied as Transitional, will provide only industrial development.
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This plan recognizes the importance of population density allocations in
Windsor's Land Development Plan. By classifying land and allocating population
densities the local government can more efficiently budget and plan community
•
facilities such as water and sewer systems, roads, etc._ The Planning Area's
Land Classification System depicted by Map 7 is consistent with local desires
and reflects local conditions,
f
Windsor is expected to increase from its present 2,300 to 2,642 by year 1985.
9
This represents an increase of 342 people. The following are projected population
densities in the Transition, Community, and Rural land classes: Transition-300;
Community-30; and Rural-12.
Transition areas will _accommodate approximately three people per acre on
approximately 96 acres. More than 96 acres of transition land is shown on the
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Land Classification Map because industrial growth areas are included. In addition,
two existing communities, the San Souci Community located in the eastern portion
of the Study area, and the South Windsor Community located in the southern portion
of the Study Area, are classified Transitional:, - Both areas meet the "Community"
classification description with one exception --poor soils that pose severe
• limitations for development. Windsor's recent Housing and Community Development
application shows plans for water and sewer extensions in the San Souci Community.
Water and sewer extensions will eliminate an existing health problem. Additional,
residential development is not being encouraged in the San Souci Community,
The South Windsor Water Association presently received municipal water but no
sewer. This area is not expected to accommodate any residential growth, but it is
• expected to develop industrially. Water and sewer is presently available in this area.
In conclusion, if population projections are realized, there are enough lands
classified to accommodate Windsor's projected 10 year growth,
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LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP
(See Pocket Maps In Back)
121
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POTENTIAL AREAS*OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN
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• SECTION SEVEN
122

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POTENTIAL AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN
Legislative goals of the Coastal Area Management Act of 1974 address preser-
vation and conservation of natural areas. The Act further provides that local
land use plans give special attention to the protection and appropriate develop-
ment of Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC).17 In addition, the Coastal Resources
Commission directs local government to consider as interim AEC those categories
and descriptions which are included in the guidelines.
Only two of the AEC categorical areas, Areas Subject to Public Rights, Estuarine
and River Erodible Areas are applicable to the Windsor Planning Area. However, there
is a natural hazard area, the Cashie River Flood Plain.18
AREAS SUBJECT TO PUBLIC RIGHTS
PUBLIC TRUST NAVIGABLE WATERS
State Guidelines for Local Planning under CAMA define navigable waters as
"capable of being navigated in its natural condition by the ordinary modes of
navigation including modes of navigation used for recreational purposes. The
natural condition of a body of water for purposes of determining navigability
shall be the condition of the body of water at mean high water or ordinary high
water as the case may be, and the condition of the body of water without man-made
obstructions and without temporary natural obstructions. Temporary natural condi-
tions such as water level fluctuation and temporary natural obstructions which
do not permanently or totally prevent navigation do not make an otherwise navi-
19
gable stream navigable."
17State Guidelines for Local Planning in the Coastal Area Under the Coastal
Area Management Act of 1974 (1975), p. 44.
18"Appropriate surrounding land use of public trust navigable waters" are
addressed in the Guidelines. The Cashie waters' surrounding lands lie within
the river flood plain. Although not considered an AEC, the appropriate land
uses and limitations of public trust waters and flood plain areas are similar.
Floodplain limitations are discussed on pages 81-84.
1"A
Ibid., p. 66 (revised 8/8/75).
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The Cashie River is public trust water. It runs approximately 4.8 miles through
the Planning Area.
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In edict of the stated policy objective, to preserve and manage the public trust
waters so as to safeguard and perpetuate their biological, economic and aesthetic value_,
the guidelines mandate appropriate uses. "Any land use which interferes with the public
•
rights of navigation, or other public trust rights, which the public may be found to
have in these waters, shall not be allowed. The development of navigational channels,
the use of bulkheads to prevent erosion, and the building of piers or wharfs are
examples of land uses appropriate within public trust.waters provided that such land
uses will not be detrimental to the biological and physical functions and public trust
rights. Projects which would directly or indirectly block or impair existing naviga-
tion channels, increase shoreline erosion, deposit soils below mean high tide, cause
adverse water circulation patterns, violate water quality standards, or cause
degradation of shellfish waters are generally considered incompatible with the manage- 0
ment of pub1,ic trust waters,1120 These suggested appropriate land uses are essential to
future development along the designated public trust waters in.and around the Town of
Windsor,
NATUM HAZARD AREAS
Estuarine and River Erodible Areas
Estuarine and River Erodible Areas are considered to be that area extending from •
the mean water level or the mean high water level along the estuary sounds and rivers.
As applicable to the Windsor Planning Area these areas are the Cashie River areas and
its tributaries,
In edict of the stated policy objective, to insure that development occurring
within these areas is compatible with the dynamic nature of the erodible lands thus
minimizing the likelihood of significant loss of property, the following appropriate 0
uses are mandated.
0Ibid,7 p, 66 (revised 8/8/75),
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"Appropriate land uses shall be those consistent with the above policy
• objective. Permanent or substantial residential, commercial, institutional
or industrial structures are not appropriate uses in estuarine and sound and
river erodible areas unless stabilization has been achieved along the affected
reach, Recreational, rural and conservation activities represent appropriate
land uses in those erodible areas..." 21 It is imperative that future
development in these areas (river erodible areas) adhere to the above policy.
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211bi,4„ pp, 71-72 (revised 8/8j75),
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SUMMARY
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SECTION EIGHT
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An attempt was made to utilize all existing federal, state, county, and local
plans relevant to the Windsor Planning Area. However, as true with, most towns
under 2,500 population, detailed data was not available in these existing plans.
Usually, broad planning documents mildly refer to small planning units while
concentrating detailed data on a regional, SMSA or county level. Thus, a complete
data gathering and analysis process was initiated beginning with an area -wide
• identification of needs survey.
Through surveys and public meetings citizens identified the following problems
and issues confronting the Windsor community: street improvements, beautifica-
tion /vacant lot and abandoned houses, lack of recreation facilities and opportunitiesy
lack of adequate fire and police facilities, lack of low and moderate income
! housing, limited downtown parking, drainage, lack of municipal sewer in all areas
of town, lack of educational and cultural programs, lack of medical care and
facilities, lack of industrial development, and garbage collection improvements.
After identifying the major land use issues and problems, alternatives and
different courses of action to meet Windsor's needs were explored. Again, with
citizen input, the following long-range goals were formulated from the March, 1975
! survey and from follow-up meetings held to discuss survey results,
ENVIRONMENT
Goal: Promote the preservation and management of natural features of the
environment in order to safeguard against adverse effects on safety,
! health and welfare.
HOUSING
Goal: To provide an environment in which every resident of the Planning Area may
have the opportunity to secure adequate, decent, safe and sanitary housing.
SOCIAL, RECREATIONAL AND CULTURAL
Goal: To promote and develop various recreational, educational and cultural
programs for all ages and income socio-economic groups.
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TRANSPORTATION
Goal: To provide a functional and attractive street system in the Windsor
Planning Area.
ECONOMIC
Goal: To encourage the improvement of the planning area as a place of trade and
manufacturing..
GOVERNMENTAL SERVICES •
Goal: To provide the most cost effective and efficient means of administering
governmental services.
With phase one complete the actual writing of the Land Use Plan began. To •
this extent, demographic and economic data was compiled and analyzed from the
U.S. Census of Population and Housing, previous planning documents, etc.
Findings were compared with local area knowledge and with planning theory, 0
principles and practices. The following major conclusions are the results of
this process.
•
LAND DEVELOPMENT
Windsor has adequate land for future land needs. In addition to the under-
developed character of extraterritorial lands, suitable developable lands are
also found in town. Poor soil conditions pose a major constraint on development
in the Windsor Planning Area. Generally, area soils have severe water tables
and a severe percolation rate. Future development will greatly depend upon
7
municipal water and sewer.
MOUSING
Windsor continues to have areas of substandard housing, especially in the ,
low income area located in the east and northeastern areas of the town. As a
result, blighted conditions continue taking the form of narrow, unpaved streets,
mixed land uses, and improper drainage. With no public housing units in Windsor,
many low and moderate income residents will continue to live in substantial housing.
128 •

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ECONOMY
Windsor's basic economic activities revolve predominantly around farming
and forestry, and to a lesser extent, manufacturing. Twelve firms in Windsor
have a total employment of 469. In 1969, the U. S-. Census reported an average
of $1,875 of income for each person in Windsor.
Windsor has served'as a regional economic center since its early history.
Economic conditions are projected to increase as regional improvements in housing,
medical service, etc. take place. Perhaps recent installation of water and sewer
• lines to the Industrial Park is a crude indicator of potential economic activity
in the area.
POPULATION
•
Today, Windsor has an estimated population of 2,300. The 1970 Census
indicated that Windsor contained 2,199 people, an increase of 386 people since
1960, Consolidation of Bertie Town, inward --county migration, and annexations
•
have accounted for Windsor's continued growth.
Windsor is expected to experience slight growth over the next ten
• (10) years (1985). An overwhelming majority of the area residents feel
that Windsor should grow, but not rapidly. Windsor is seen as a small
progressive town with enough development to support its existing population.
(See Tables 22 and 23).
EXISTING LAND USE
Mixed industrial and residential uses pose significant land use compatibility
• problems. Severe problems of pollution, noise, unattractiveness, safety, and
residential traffic congestion could develop as a result of such mixed land uses.
Scattered commercial land uses are developing along South Granville Street,
and in Sterlingworth Street and Highway 13 By -Pass vicinity. Caution should be
taken in these areas as development occurs to protect these communities from
strip development.
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The Industrial Park is considered the most suitable area for industrial
development. Industries should be encouraged to locate here. Windsor has one .
potential area of Environmental Concern: the Cashie River. It has contributed
to the development of Windsor and its people. The Cashie River and its
adjacent lands warrant future land use protection and planning.
COMMUNITY FACILITIES
The future development and demand for community facilities is important to
any municipality due to the capital expenditures necessary to provide such •
services.
Water - Windsor has had a steady increase in water consumption over the
past years. This increase•is expected to continue. As additional industries
locate in the area additional wells and elevated storage will be required to
meet their demands.
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Sewer - The new 1.150 mgd secondary treatment plant which began operation
in September, 1975, will provide adequate waste treatment facilities for the
duration of this planning period. •
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Windsor was one of the two Bertie County towns that experienced growth •
during the 1960-70 decade. Windsor and Windsor Township are projected to
remain the most populous urban areas in Bertie County. This town -county
relationship is taken into account in the WINDSOR LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM,
Map 7 shows the location and distribution of the Land Classification
System as applied to -the Planning Area. They are as follows:
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Developed
Lands classified as Developed are mainly shown within Windsor's Town limits.
Other Developed lands are shown off of Highway 13/17 south (Industrial Park
Road Entrance). This area is primarily industrially developed. The Bertie
County Land Use Plan delineates these areas in the same manner.
Transition
Transitional lands are shown in four general locations: (1) within town
limits (2) Sans Souci Road Community (eastern portion of planning area), (3)
Industrial Park area and (4) South Windsor Community (across from Industrial
Park Entrance). Town and county Transitional land classifications are
compatible.
Community
Lands in this category are shown in the northern (along Highway 13 to
Ahoskie) and eastern (along Highway 17 to Edenton) portions of the Windsor
Planning Area. On the county map lands in this category are the same.
Rural
In the Windsor Plan the majority of rural -lands are in the one mile
area. Similarly, in the county plan these lands are classified as rural.
Conservation
Windsor's conservation lands, the Cashie River waters and floodplain, are
located predominantly in the one mile area. Other conservation lands consist
of several small fragile areas within town that are unsuitable for development.
That portion of the Cashie Golf and Country Club that is located within the
Planning Area is also classified as conservation. The county plan shows the
same areas as being conservation.
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PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
The Land Use Plan, as set forth in this document, constitutes guiding policies
.for the Windsor Town Commission, the Planning Board, Town Administrator, and all
other concerned departments and agencies within the Study Area. If these bodies
pursue the objectives of this Plan and if they insist on basing development policies
A
on this Plan, the goals set forth herein might be realized. To insure that the
policies established within the Land Use Plan are followed, it is suggested that the
Town utilize certain legal powers to bring about plan effectuation. Certain programs
and ordinances will have to be prepared and implemented if the Town is to have a
continuing planning program that reflects Town Policy and orderly growth. The Land
Use Plan, as well as the various programs and ordinances developed to implement
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it, must be accepted and supported by the citizens of the Study Area and adopted
by the Town Commission. bnless this support is obtained, the incentive to
•
implement the Land Use Plan may be absent and in all probability, the planning
effort will be wasted. The importance of utilizing the Plan in the daily
decision -making process of the area cannot be over emphasized, for unless the
•
Plan receives this type of acceptance, it cannot be totally effective.
Therefore, the first recommended official action to be taken by the Town
Commission is the adoption of the Land Use Plan as Town Policy. After this action
is taken the following legal implementary tools should be considered:
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Zoning Ordinance
Windsor is in the process of reviewing and adopting a zoning ordinance. When
adopted, the Zoning Ordinance will be the primary legal implementary tool of the
Land Use Plan in Windsor. The Zoning Ordinance should be utilized to ensure that
the various land uses of the Study Area are properly situated in relation to one
r another, providing adequate space for each type of development. It involves the
simple division of land into designated districts of differing uses and allows for
the control of development density in each area, so that property can be adequately
serviced by such governmental facilities as streets, schools, recreation facilities,
• utility systems, and other public services. This directs new growth into appro-
priate areas and protects existing properties by preventing the mixing of incompati-
ble uses which can depreciate property values and damage the overall environmental
quality of the Study Area. In addition, the Zoning Ordinance should attempt to
♦ carry out the various.recommendations and goals outlined in this Land Use Plan.
Conversely, the Land Use Plan must be utilized by local officials in making decisions
concerning future zoning changes. All too often, zoning changes have been made
because no comprehensive planning policy 'has been available upon which to base
♦ directions. This Plan provides such a rational basis. Changes in the Zoning Ordi-
nance should be weighed very heavily if in conflict with the concepts and recommenda-
tions of this Plan.
• Subdivision Regulations
Windsor Subdivision Regulations are another method of implementing the concepts
of the Land Use Plan. Subdivision regulations control the total internal design of
new residential areas to insure that such developments are properly and efficiently
planned. Subdivision control enables a jurisdiction to guide new development by
setting minimum standards of street design and construction by controlling the shape
of lots, and by determining what improvements in the form of utilities and drainage
shall be required. A developer is required to submit a plat for approval to the agent
of the local jurisdiction anytime the subdivision of land is to occur. Before the
plat is approved, it should be reviewed by the local highway engineer, health official,
and Planning Board. In reviewing the submitted plat, the town should determine
•
133
•

whether the proposed streets and their alignment generally conform to these proposed
in the Plan and to existing streets. This process insures that the developer of
new areas will provide streets that will be placed where they will function in the
best possible manner. A subdivision control ordinance is a very essential part of
the total planning process whereby orderly growth occurs within the Town. `
•
Housing - Related Codes
The purpose of housing -related codes is to protect the health, safety, and wel-
fare of individuals in the Study Area by establishing minimum standards for all types •
of structures. Housing -related codes include the following: building codes, housing
codes, electrical codes, plumbing codes, gas codes and fire codes. In addition to
the proposed zoning and existing Subdivision Regulations mentioned above, housing
codes can be used to establish certain types of construction standards. It is further
recommended herewith that the Town inventory and evaluate its existing housing -related
codes and if found necessary, take appropriate 'steps in improving and/or drafting
additional housing implementing tools.
Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinances
The adoption of a sediment and erosion control ordinance would provide the legal
means by which the water quality of the Cashie River can be protected from sediment
pollution. Removal of vegetative cover should be controlled, thereby preventing
erosion of the soil and resulting sedimentation of the area's historic water body,
the Cashie. As the area develops,and if large scale removal of vegetation is allowed,
the disturbed soils should be stabilized by planting temporary vegetative cover or
by some other soil protective measure. Such ordinances normally designate the local
Soil and Water conservation District as a reviewing agency; thus providing technical
assistance to the Town for minimizing soil erosion and stream sedimentation.
Capital Improvements Programs
•
As stated previously, the key to the success of any plan is implementation.
The most thorough and technically correct plan is of no value unless implemented.
An additional tool which is readily available to local government for the implementation
of plans, especially a land use plan, is the development of, and adherence to, a com-
prehensive Capital Improvements Budget.
Such a document would provide planning and
134

•
long range guidance for capital improvements expenditures. These expenditures
would be coordinated with, and reflect the recommendations of adopted town plans.
The Capital Improvements Program would integrate the recommendations of all plans
for capital improvements and provide an order of priorities for fiscal programming.
Therefore, it is recommended that a five-year Interim Capital Improvements Program
y be prepared by the Town for fiscal year 1977 (July 1, 1976 - June 30, 1977).
. The initial and subsequent Capital Improvements Program should be thoroughly
reviewed every year to insure its coordination with functional plans to be prepared.
In addition, the updated and expanded Capital Improvements Program should drop the
40 first fiscal year and add an additional fiscal year schedule for fiscal management.
As with the interim program, the updated program should rely heavily upon input
from each of the Town Departments.
The preparation and annual update of a five-year Capital Improvements Program
1 will provide the Town with a specific program for capital expenditures which will
aid the Town's elected officials in the day-to-day decision -making process. In
addition, long-range guidance will be provided the Town's administration through
the structuring of priorities for capital improvements expenditures.
The probably impact of the preparation of such a program will be to improve
the provision of facilities and services to the citizens of the Windsor Planning
Area by establishing priorities which will insure that the most needed capital
improvements will receive priority attention. Through the adoption and implementation
• of the Capital Improvements Program, much of this plan may be implemented.
Historic and Open Space Easements
Final implement6ry tools worthy of consideration are historic and open space
easements. These are legal agreements between.a landowner and a State Agency in
which the landowner promises to protect the essential character of his property,
at his own expense, while still using it for daily agricultural, residential, and
certain other restricted.purposes. Because easements are perpetual and are binding
on all future owners of the particular historic or scenic property, they do provide.
certain benefits as follows. protection of the property from destructive change;
preservation of property for the enjoyment of future generations at no acquisition
• or maintenance costs to the State; stabilization or lowering of real estate taxes
on the property, as it can no longer be developed and consequently has a lower fair
market value; and qualification of the property as a charitable deduction for federal
income tax purposes.
135

1
Easements do not, unless specified, give_the right of public access, thus
protecting the property for the use of the owners. If an individual owns historic
or scenic properties and desires to offer an historic or open space easement on
such, he will receive assistance from one of the following State Agencies responsi-
ble for accepting and administering easements: North Carolina Department of Cultural
Resources; Division of Archives and History; and, the North Carolina Bureau of
Outdoor Recreation.
Employment of a Full -Time Planning Staff
The hiring of a planning staff is another tool by which the community can
implement its Land Use Plan. Such personnel would provide the town with the
expertise upon which to base decisions regarding the orderly development of the town.
In addition, the planning staff would provide assistance in the decision -making process
revolving around all ordinance enforcement.
Public Participation
Decisions concerning the improvement, growth, and process of the Windsor Study
Area must be made in a framework which provides for participation by all citizens
in order to have broad support, and thereby to be effective. The need for involve-
ment of the citizenry cannot be understated. This Land Use Plan has been prepared
in such a manner that it was based on and responsive to a set of goals which reflect 0
not.only professionally determined findings of needs, but most important, the needs
and desires of the Windsor Planning Area as seen by its residents. These needs and
desires were obtained through a Town Improvement Survey, conducted during March of
1975, by the Windsor Citizen Advisory Development Committee. This survey along with
various group meetings was a major effort of the WCADC and Planning Board to solicit
citizen opinion regarding problems of the Study Area. The survey alone provided
valuable input in preparing this Land Use Plan, as well as identifying areas of con-
cern regarding daily activities. Therefore, it is recommended that a Town Improvement
or similar survey be conducted annually, in order that all Town Departments may keep
abreast of problems and attitudes regarding these problems within the Study Area.
This type of public participation will provide supplemental data to existing mechanisms
•
136

•
for public participation. At present, the primary method residents use to voice
an opinion is public hearings and/or Planning and Town Commission meetings. It
behooves not only the Planning Board, but all Town Departments, to be aware of all
citizen needs and to respond to those needs. The survey is one method of obtaining
the views of all.
Continual Updating of the Land Use Plan
As previously stated, the necessity to revise and update the information and
40 data contained herein is recognized. It would be illogical to assume that changing
conditions within the Study Area would not have an effect on Land Use, since changes
have occurred in the past have led directly to the current land use problems.
Therefore, it is recommended that the data within this Plan be reviewed annually to
insure that statistical changes will not cause unrealistic estimates or feasible
recommendations to be implemented. As required by the North Carolina Coastal Resources
Commission, the Plan should be completely reviewed every five years. The planning
process must be reviewed as an ongoing continuing process, to be reviewed and evaluated
as time passes. Both the Planning Board and Town Commission, as well as the Town
Administrator, must be cognizant of and responsive to, this concept.
•
•
•
137

i
In March, 1975 the Windsor Community Development.Advisory Committee
(WCDAC) conducted a town -wide survey designed to,obtain input to the plan's
formulation. The survey was distributed and collected by WCDAC members.
s
The findings of the survey identified a wide range of issues, from those directly
related to land use issues per se to the more general related to community
well-being, but nonetheless, they addressed land use in broad terms.
•
These results formed the basis of the Windsor Land Development Plan.
That is, goals were formulated from identified local problems, needs, and
issues. Once all the goals were formulated alternatives and priorities were
•
discussed. Different problem finding solutions were "compared" - "analyzed" -
"compared" --, etc. The WCDAC and citizen input was of vital importance
at this stage. This "analyzing" - "comparing" - process in addition to
technical data, local input is the basis by which this document was formulated.
138
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•

TOWN -COUNTY PLAN RELATIONSHIP
SECTION NINE

•
RELATIONSHIP DEFINED
The Windsor and Bertie County Plan relationship can be defined as a coordi-
nated effort through effective land use planning to provide a balanced growth that
S offers the best affordable working and living environment for all Bertie residents.
This relationship has been part of a continuous process which has taken two forms:
(1) Complementing goals and objectives, and
40 (2) A compatible county -town land classification system.
Both County and Town Plans address similar interest and citizen concerns.
The following are specific examples of the Windsor and Bertie-County Plan relation-
• ship in these areas.
GOVERNMENTAL SERVICES
COUNTY OBJECTIVE: To increase efficiency of local government by coordinating
•
programs and departments.
TOWN OBJECTIVE: To carry out a strong planning effort for future development
through cooperative efforts with county, state, and regional
•
agencies.
QUALITY OF LIFE
COUNTY OBJECTIVE: To develop recreational facilities and then programs to
utilize these facilities.
TOWN OBJECTIVE: To cooperate with county government in developing recreational
facilities.
COUNTY OBJECTIVE: To establish boat ramps on the County's waterways.
TOWN OBJECTIVE: To make better use of the Cashie River for recreational
purposes by providing public piers and other open space
activities.
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0
ECONOMIC
COUNTY OBJECTIVE: To maintain or increase the present county efforts
to recruit industry.
COUNTY OBJECTIVE: To attempt to stop the County population loss by
providing job opportunities.
TOWN OBJECTIVE: To encourage the most satisfactory optimum growth and
economic development throughout the area by actively
participating in attracting new industry into the area.
These are only a few examples of Windsor and Bertie County Plan relationship in
terms of complementing objectives. For more specifics the reader is asked to •
consult the Goals and Objectives Sections of individual plans. In addition,
examination of both Land Classification Maps and text will graphically and ver-
bally depict compatibility and relationship of the plan's land classification 0
system.
0
•
•
141
•

Analysis of Existing Housing_ Data
There is a need for an adequate supply of sound, safe, and decent housing
within the economic means of all citizens. Because of the present economic
0
conditions and increasing land prices, it is becoming increasingly difficult
for many persons earning low and moderate incomes to purchase market rate
housing (market rate housing is that housing available for purchase and
financing at current interest rates), This problem becomes more acute as
mortgage interest rates rise, thus making it more difficult for potential
homeowners play decide to purchase a home.which is less than what they want
or need. Unfortunately, many families cannot afford a dwelling unit that is
sound•, safe, and decent, whether for purchase or rent. This segment of the
population is forced to reside in substandard units. To ascertain the extent
of the Study Area's housing, the physical aspects associated with housing,
e.g., housing conditions, values, etc.; and the social indicators related
to housing conditions, e.g., overcrowded living conditions, and household
size are examined.
Due to a lack of data availability and limitations the information
presented in this part should be reviewed in conjunction with overall county
plans,
•
Within the corporate limits of Windsor, there are approximately 9,090
acres of land, of which 1253 acros are developed residential.uses. In 1970,
801"year-round housing units existed in Windsor. As Table'la shows, during
the 1960-1970 decade, Windsor registered a +3 M percent change in housing
units reflecting the +21.2 percent population change (see page 13 for
factors contributing to 1970 population increase),
•
143-a
•

1
Household size and household density are two important social factors to
consider in a housing analysis. Moreover, "the adequacy of the housing stock
cannot be judged solely by its physical condition. The Bureau of the Census
assumes that more than one person per room represents an overcrowded condition."1
Living under such conditions of crowding often results in increased anxiety
and stress for family members, increased health problems, and even a breakdown
in normal behavorial patterns. This condition is especially critical for
children under 18, since they are forming their behavioral patterns and spend
more time in the house than the average adult. Overcrowding conditions probably
place even greater mental and physical stress on the elderly. Exact number
on elderly overcrowding is not available but it is assumed that the elderly
constitute a large percent of the area overcrowding. ti
Table 2 compares the household size of the state, county, township and
town. The average household size in Windsor is 2.83 while the Township has an
average size of 3.31 persons per household.
Table 3 shows that 301 or 23.8 percent of total occupied housing in the
Windsor Township was overcrowded. For the Windsor Town, 56 or 11.2 percent of
its total occupied housing was classified as overcrowded.
The -area's worse overcrowding conditions are in the predominantly Black
Communities. Over twenty-five (25) percent of Black occupied housing is over-
crowded in Windsor Township and compared to 16.6 percent in Windsor (see Table 4•).
Although housing value alone is not a determinant of whether or not a
structure or dwelling unit is standard or substandard, there is a direct relation-
ship between substandard units and the number of units with a low economic value.
Table 5 shows that 39 percent or 165 owner -occupied housing units are classi-
fied in the category of less than $5,000 and $5,000 to $9,999. This fact sug-
gests that at least 44 units (valued less than $5,000) are substandard even
though they have all plumbing facilities.
1 The President's Committee on Urban Housing, A Decent Home (Washington;
U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973), p. 44.
144-a

•
Housing units and structures lacking complete plumbing facilities are
defined as substandard for the general purpose of this section. A unit is con-
sidered lacking complete plumbing facilities when there is not cold piped water
inside the house, a flush toilet and bathtub or shower inside the structure for
exclusive use of its occupants. As shown on Table 6 , 110 units, 13.7 percent
of all housing, in town lack complete plumbing facilities and 48 of the 110 do
not have toilets.
Mobile home living has steadily increased over the past years. With the,
spiraling costs of homes, mobile homes are serving as major alternatives in
fulfilling the housing needs of low and moderate income families. "In 1960 ,.
40 mobile homes composed one percent of the total American housing supply; by
1970 they made up 3 percent. Moreover, in 1973 mobile homes made up more than
20 percent of all housing starts." 2
According to 1960 Housing Census figures, there were 16 mobile homes in
0 Windsor town. Today, there are 19 mobile homes in town and 42 in the extra-
territorial area., a total of 61 in the Windsor Planning Area. Presently, two
parks are located both in town and in the extraterritorial area.
As more people buy mobile homes, the demand for park space increases.
• Nationally, mobile home park shortage is expected to become severe. However, this
national trend should not have a direct affect upon the Windsor Planning Area
due to the spacial patterns of residential lands in the area and the vacant
suitable residential lands. Careful considerations should be taken for future
location of mobile home parks in Windsor's Planning Area. For the most part,
mobile home parks are located in inconvenient locations away from community
services, or in untuitable commercial and industrial developments.
In summary, there is a great demand for better housing in the Windsor Plan-
ning Area. With no public housing in the Study Area, the demand is greater among
low and moderate income families.
•
2 The Center for Auto Safety, Mobile Homes: The Low -Cost Housing Hoax
(New York: Grossman Publishers, 1975), pp 1-2.
145-a
0

TABLE 1 a HOUSING INVENTORY
Windsor
1960 and 1970
All Year -Round
Housing Units Change: 1960 - 1970
1960 1970 Number Percent
Windsor 606 801 195 32.1
SOURCE: U.S. Census of Housing, 1960 and 1970.
0
0
0
•
•
•
0
•
146-a

L�
TABLE 2 a HOUSEHOLD SIZE
• North Carolina, Bertie County, Windsor Township and Windsor
1970
(The average number of persons per household)
•
Area
North Carolina
4 Bertie County
Windsor Township
Windsor Town
•
Household Size
3.24
3.61
3.31
2.83
•
SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population, 1970.
7
•
Lim
147-a
Black Household Size
3.93
4.39
3.68
3.07
0

TABLE
3 a
OVERCROWDING
OCCUPIED UNITS
WITH 1.01 OR MORE
PERSONS PER ROOM
Windsor Township and
Town
'
1970
Percent of Total
Total 1
Total
Occupied
1
Occupied
Total
Housing
Area
Housing
Housing
Overcrowding
Overcrowding
Windsor
Township 2099
1262
301
23.8
Windsor
Town 801
498
56
11.2
1These figures were computed using data from Special Census Summary Tapes. •
SOURCE: U.S. Census of Housing, 1970.
148-a
•
•
•
•
•
0

L-M
TABLE 4 a BLACK OVERCROWDING
OCCUPIED UNITS WITH 1.01 OR MORE PERSONS PER ROOM
Windsor Township and Windsor Town
1970
Total
+ l Black
AllOccupied
Area Housing Housing
Windsor Township 2099 865
4 Windsor Town 801 216
Percent of Total
Total
Occupied
Black
Housing
Overcrowding
Overcrowding
231
26.7
36
16.6
•
1These figures were computed using data available from the First Count
Summary Tapes.
SOURCE: U.S. Census of Housing, First Count Summary Tapes, 1970.
149_4
•-

•
0
TABLE 5 a
OWNER -OCCUPIED UNITS WITH ALL
PLUMBING FACILITIES BY VALUE
Windsor Town
1970
Values
Housing Units
Less than $5,000
44
$5,000 - $9,999
121
$10,000 - $14,999
109
$15,000 - $19,999
-44
$20,000 - $24,999
42
$25,000 - $34,999
44
$35,000 - $49,999
14
$50,000 or more
7
u
SOURCE: U.S. Census of Housing, First Count Summary Tapes, 1970. •
150-a
•
•

•
L
TABLE 6 a INCOMPLETE PLUMBING FACILITIES
Windsor Township and Town
1970
Incomplete
Area Total Housing Units Plumbing No Toilet
Windsor Township 2099 668 636
Windsor Town 801 110 48
:m
SOURCE: U.S. Census of Housing, First Count Summary Tapes, 1970.
LM
CM
Cm
i
0 151-A

APPENDIX B
STREAM CLASSIFICATION
152-a

NAME OF STREAM: Cashie River
DESCRIPTION: From source to a point 1.0 mile up -stream from
Berne County SR 1500
CLASS: C Sw
The best usage and qua1ity'standards applicable to Cla$s C
wat.ers are as follows:
• ` (1) Best usage of waters: Fishing,.boating, wading and any other
usage except for bathing or as.a source of water supply for
drinking, culinary or food -processing purposes;
'(2) Conditions related to best usage: The waters will be suitable
for fish and wildlife propagation. Also, suitable for boating,
wading, and other uses requiring waters of lower quality.
(3) Quality standards applicable to class C waters.
(a) Floating solids; settleable solids; sludge deposits:
Only such amounts attributable to sewage, industrial
wastes or other wastes as will not, after reasonable
opportunity for dilution and mixture of same with.the
receiving waters, make the waters unsafe or unsuitable
for fish and wildlife, or impair the waters for any other
.. best usage established for this class.
ich
(b) generally
se llrmal rangeor the betweena6e0sin and 8h5,aexcepththat
generally ha
swamp waters may have a low of 4,3
(c) Dissolve oxygen: Not less than 6,0 mg/1 for.natural.
-- - trout waters; 5.0 mg/1­for p-ut-and-take trout ;waters;
not less than a daily average of 5.0 mg/1 with a minimum
of not less than 4.0 mg/1 for non -trout waters, except
that swamp waters may have lower values if caused by
natural conditions.
(d) Toxic wastes; oils; deleterious substances; colored or:
other wastes: Only such amounts, whether alohe or in
combination with other substances or wastes as will not
render the waters injurious to fish and wildlife or
adversely affect the palatability of same, or impair
the waters for.any ot_her.best usage established for this
class.
153-,b
A

(e) Organisms of coliform group; Fecal coliforms not to
exceed a log mean of 1,000/100 ml (MPN or MP count)
bated upon'at least five consecutive samples examined
during'such period. (Not applicable during or
immediately following periods of rai'nfall)a
(f)"Temperature: Not to exceed 50F. above the natural water
temperature, and in no case to exceed 84 F. for mountain
and upper piedmont waters and 90 F. for lower piedmont
and coastal plain waters. The temperature of natural
trout waters shall not be significantly increased due to
th8 discharge of -heated liquids and shall not exceed.-
68 Fa; however, the temperature of put-8nd-take trout
waters may be increased b� as much as 3 F. but the
maximum may not exceed 70 F.
SOURCE: No C. Department of Natural and Economic Resources, Division of
Environmental Management,
r
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Barwick, Frank B. Critcher T. Stuart. Wildlife and Land Use Planning With
Particular Reference to Coastal Counties, North Carolina Wildlife
Resources Commission, Raleigh, April, 1975.
Bessire, Howard D. Techniques of Industrial Development (El Paso, Texas:
Hill Printing Company, 1965.
Board of Water and Air Resources. Rules, Regulations, Classification and
Water Quality Standards Applicable to the Surface Waters of North
Carolina, Raleigh, Department of Natural & Economic Resources, 1972.
Bureau of Employment Security Research, North Carolina Labor Force Estimates,
Employment Security Commission of N. C., Raleigh, N. C., 1975.
Carolina Population Center, Statistical Services Center. County Population
Trends in North Carolina, 1970-1960, UNC and the N. C. Department of
Administration, Raleigh, 1969.
Chapin, F. Stuart, Jr., Urban Land Use Planning (Urbana, Chicago, London:
University of Illinois Press, 1972.)
Coastal Resources Commission. Handbook on Public Participation in the
Development of Land Use'Plans in the Coastal Areas of North Carolina,
Department of Natural & Economic Resources, Raleigh, 1975.
Coastal Resources Commission. "State Guidelines for Local Planning in the
Coastal Area under the Coastal Area Management Act." Raleigh, N. C. 1.975.
Dawson, Amos. "Report on Land and Water Resource Use Problems Related to the
Carrying Capacity of the Coastal Area of North Carolina." Coastal Resources
Commission, Raleigh, 1976.
Division of School Planning, N. C. Department of Public Instruction. Bertie
Counter Survey, Raleigh, 1974.
Employment Security Commission. North Carolina Commuting Pattern, 1960-1970,
Employment Security Commission of Raleigh, N. C. 1974.
Endangered Species Committee, Department of Natural & Economic Resources.
Preliminary List of Endangered Plant and Animal Species in North Carolina,
Resources Management Section, Raleigh, June, 1973.
Fish, Frederic F., A Catalog of the Inland Fishing Waters of North Carolina,
Raleigh, N. C. Wildlife Resources Commission, 1969.
Freeman, W. F., Region : Water Resource Management (High Point, North Carolina:
i Freeman Associates, 1975 .
Goodman, W. I., and Fruend, E. C., eds., Principles and Practices of Urban
Planning (Washington, D. C. : International City Managers' Association, 1968).
•

0
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0
•
•
9
Kramer, Kenneth, Policy Analysis in Local Government (Washington, D. C.:
International City Management Association, 1973).
N. C. Agricultural Extension Service and North Carolina Department of Natural
& Economic Resources, Coastal Area Management: A New Look on the Horizon,
Misc. Ext., Publication No. 131 Raleigh: North Carolina Agricultural
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N. C. Coastal Resources Commission. State Guidelines for Local Planning In The
Coastal Area Under the Coastal Area Management Act of 1974, G.S. 113A-107
e, 1975
N. C. Department of'Transportation. Seven Year Highway Plan, N. C. Department
of Transportation, Raleigh, N.C., 1975.
N. C. Soil and Water Conservation and Needs Committee.. North Carolina
Conservation Needs Inventory. N. C. United States Department of Agriculture,
Soil Conservation Service, Raleigh, N. C., Devember, 1971.
N. C. Department of Administration. North Carolina State Government Statistical
Abstract. Second Edition, Raleigh, 1973.
t N. C. Department of Administration. Profile of North Carolina Counties, Raleigh
N. C. , March 1975.
N. C. Land Policy Council. A Land Policy for North Carolina, N. C. Land
Policy Council, Raleigh, 1976.
N. C. Department of..Natural.& Economic Resources. Rules, Regulations, Classifica-
tions', and Water Quality Standards App'icable to the Surface Waters of N.C.-
Division* of EnvironmentaI.,Management , Raleigh, 1976. y :s
Rivers and Associates. Bertie County Comprehensive Water and Sewer Study,
Greenville, N. C. 1968.
Sharpe, Bill. A New Geography_of North Carolina, Vol. IV, (Raleigh, N. C.:
Sharpe Publishing Company, Inc., 1965).
w .
The Center for Auto Safety, Mobile Homes: The Low Cost Housing Hoax (New York:
Grossman Publishers, 1975 .
The News and Observer, "More People Migrating to the Country", 21 April 1975.
• The President's Committee on Urban Housing, A Decent Home (Washington: U. S.
Government Printing Office, 1973).
U. S. Department of Commerce, National Climatic Center. "Monthly Normals of
Temperature, Precipitation and Heating and Cooling Degree Days 1941-1970",
No. 81 (U. S. Government Printing Office, 1973).
a
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9
U. S. Department of Agricultural, Soil Conservation Service, Descriptions
of Soil Associations, Bertie County (U. S. Government Printing Office, 1969).
U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1970 Census of Population
(PC(1)C35NC) General Social and Economic Characteristics, United States
Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 1972.
U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1970 Census of Population
• General Population Characteristics. (PC(1)-BB5NC), United States Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
U. S. Water Resources Council. OBERS Projections, Series E, Bureau of the
Census, Washington, D. C., 1972.
+ Wilkinson, Richard P. and R. Paul Darst. Critical Areas of North Carolina,
N. C. Department of Administration, Raleigh, N. C. 1972.
Wilson, Kenneth A. North Carolina Wetlands Their Distribution and Management,
Raleigh, N. C. Wildlife Resources Commission, 1962.
Woodhouse, W. W.,E.D. Seneca and S. W. Broome. Marsh Building With Dredge
Spoil in North Carolina. Coastal Engineering Research Center, et. al.
Raleigh, 1970.
C,
C:
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EXISTING LAND USE MAP
1976
e �
L E C END •
Residential m. Cultural
\ o ,
�� WN
Entertainment
'
,�. Commercial
t �'� & Recreation
\� Industrial
Agriculture
.,. Transportation,
u.;. Communication,
Forestland
:.� rr.� �e �. & Utilities Water
r-
,� � barren
Government 8�
Institutional
am
INDS
R, N.
IGO 0 400 no q00

ENVIRONMENTAL NIANAGEMEfirL
2, A IR Y,
RESMI,",US I 2Z LIM