CAMA Core Land Use Plan-2009

TOWN OF WINDSOR, NORTH CAROLINA
CAMA CORE LAND USE PLAN
Adopted by the Town of Windsor Board of Commissioners: )une 11, 2009
Certified by the Coastal Resources Commission: August 27, 2009
Prepared By:
ff ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
3329 Wrightsville Avenue, Suite F
Wilmington, North Carolina 28403
The preparation of this document was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
PREFACE - HOW TO USE THIS PLAN ................................................ i
SECTION I. INTRODUCTION . .... ...... .............. .1
SECTION II. HISTORY...................................I........................2
SECTION III. REGIONAL SETTING ........ ........ ... ......... .... 4
A. Location of the Town of Windsor ...... ..........................:........ 4
B. State Planning Region Q .. ....... .................. .............. 4
SECTION IV. COMMUNITY CONCERNS AND ASPIRATIONS .......................... 7
A. Key Issues ................ ........... ............ ........ . 7
B. Town of Windsor Vision Statement ........................................... 8
SECTION V. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING AND EMERGING CONDITIONS ................ 9
A.
Population ........... ...... ....... ..............................9
1. Windsor, Region Q, and North Carolina Permanent Population ...........
9
2. Seasonal Population ................. ...................... ....
9
3. Composition and Age . .... ...................... ....... ..
11
4. Population Summary . ......... .. .......... .... .
12
B.
Housing. .................. ....... ................ ...................
12
1. Housing Conditions and Tenure ............... ...... .............
12
2. Housing Affordability .. ....... ............. .. ... ... ....
14
... .. .. .. ... .. ...
3. Housing Summary .... .. . .......... ........ .... ..
14
C..
Economy ..................... ......... .. .......................
15
Economy Summary ........... ........ ........... ........ ..
18
D.
Population Projections .... .............................. ............
19
E.
Natural Systems Analysis .. .......................... .............. .
19
1. Mapping and Analysis of Natural Features ........ ......... .. ' ...
19
a. Topography/Geology . ............... .......
19
b. Climate ........ .......... ....... . . .
20
C. Flood Zones . .......... ........ ... ...................
20
d. Manmade Hazards =.... ................... ............
27
e. Soils.............. ........ .................. ... .
27
f. Prime .Farmlands ............................................
30
g. Water Supply .... ....... ........... ............. .
33
h. Fragile Areas..... ................. ....... ......... .33
(1) Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shorelines .................
34
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan -i-
August, 2009

PAGE
(2)
Public Trust Areas .....................................
34
(3)
Wetlands ..... ...... ................... ..
35
(4)
Significant Natural Heritage Areas/Protected Lands .......
38
(5)
Slopes in Excess of 12% .... ...........................
38
(6)
Excessive Erosion Areas ............. ..... .........
40
i. Areas of Resource Potential ..................................
40
(1)
Regionally Significant Parks ...........................
40
(2)
Marinas and Mooring Fields . ... .. ..... ........
40
(3) Floating Homes .......... ................... . ..
40
(4) Aquaculture ............... ..... ... ......... ...
41
(5) Channel Maintenance .................................
41
(6) Marine Resources (Water Quality) .............. " ......
41
2. -
Environmental Composite Map ........................................
42
3.
Environmental Conditions (Water Quality, Natural Hazards,
and Natural Resources ...............................................
45
a. Water Quality (Roanoke River Basin) ............................
45
b. Water Quality (Subbasin 03-02-10) ....................: ......
47
C. Registered Animal Operations within Roanoke River Basin .......
49
d. Growth Trends ................. ............................
49
e. Natural Hazards/Natural Resources ................. .. ...
49
F. - Analysis of Land Use and Development ............. I ......................
50
1.
Introduction ......... ..... ...................... ........
50
2.
Land Use Conflicts ......................... ..... .............52
3.
Development Trends ........................ ... ...... .....52
4.
Projections of Future Land Needs ...... .......... ..... .......
54
5.
Historic, Cultural, and Scenic Areas ................ ................
54
G. Analysis
of Existing Community Facilities/Services ................. ........ .
57
1.
Transportation..... .... ............... ........... ..........57
2.
Health Care ...... ................... ..................... ..57
3.
Law Enforcement ....... ................ ............................
58
4.
Fire Services .................................. ........... .....
61
S.
Emergency Medical Services ........ .............. . ...........
61
6.
Administration ............................. ............. . ..
61
7.
Water System ............................... ... ...... ........62
8.
Sewer System ....................... ................... _ ..
64
9.
Schools......... .............................................
64
10.
Recreation .............. ......... ...... ..................65
11.
Electric Service .......................... ..... '...................
66
12.
Solid Waste ........... ........ ..... ................. "66
13.
5tormwater Management :................:........................
66
a. Introduction ....... ...:...... ..... ... .. ....
66
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan -ii- August, 2009

PAGE
b. Existing Drainage Problems ......... .......... ...........
66
C. Water Quality ............ ........... .....................
67
dEPA Regulations ...................... ....... ...........
67
e. Coastal Stormwater Rules .......................... .... ..
67
f. North Carolina Shoreline Buffering . ........................ .
68
H. Land
Suitability Analysis (LSA) .................... .............. ......
69
I. Current
Plans, Policies, and Regulations ..... ......... ............. ...
74
1.
Zoning Ordinance..................................................74
2.
Subdivision Ordinance ....... .......... .... ................
75
3.
Utilities Extension Policies .... ............... ......................
75
4.
Minimum Housing Code .............. ................... ......
75
5.,
Mobile Home and Trailer Park Ordinance ..... ......... ...... ...
75
6. _
Federal Flood Insurance Program ......................................
76
7.
North Carolina State Building Code .................. ........ ....
76
8.
Historic District Ordinance ... ....... ...... ....................
76
9.
Town of Windsor Land Use Plan Update,1992 and 1997..................
76
10.
Town of Windsor Water Supply Plan ...................................
77
11.
Town of Windsor Strategic Plan, 2007 ... .......... ... ..........
77
12.
Hazard Mitigation Plan ................................ ...........
77
SECTION VI. PLAN FOR THE FUTURE ........................................... 78
A.
Future Demands ......................... ..... ..... .. ... .
78
1.
Introduction . ........ .. ....... ....... ....... .
78
2.
Housing Trends .......... ......................... ........
78
3.
Commercial Land Use ..............................................
78
4.
Industrial Land Use ..................................................
79
5.
Transportation........... ........ ....... ....................79
6.
Education ...................... .. ....... ...................79
7.
Recreation .............. ......................... ............
80
8.
Water System ........... .................... ...............
80
9.
Sewer System .. ... .. ............ ......................
81
10.-
Solid Waste ............................ .......... ............. .
81
11.
Police, Fire, and Rescue Services .................. ................ .
82
12.
Stormwater Management ........... .................... ........
82
B.
Land
Use/Development Goals and Implementing Actions ......................
82
C.
Policies/Implementing Actions . ... ..... ................... ..... .
83
1.
Introduction .................. ................... ...... ..83
2.
Policies Regarding Land Use and Development in AECs .................
87
D.
Land
Use Plan Management Topics .......... .................. ........
88
1.
Introduction ...... ........ :..... ...... ... ... .........
88
2.
CAMA Land Use Plan Policies on Management Topics ...................
89
. 3.
Public Access .......... ............ ...................... ....
89
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan -iii-
August, 2009

- PAGE
4. Land Use Compatibility ................................................91
S. Infrastructure Carrying Capacity .........................
96
.........
6.. Natural Hazard Areas . ............6..........................
99
7. Water Quality ............... ... ... ........................
101
8. Local Areas of Concern ............................
103
... .......
E. Future Land Use.... ............................. .............. ....107
.1. Introduction .................................. .............107
2. Land Use Acreages................................................109
a. Commercial ............ ................... .............109
b. Mixed Use ..............................................
110
C. Office/Institutional ............. ............................
110 .
d. High Density Residential
111
..... ............... ..........
e. Medium Density Residential ......... .. ..................
112
f. Rural Residential/Agricultural .......... .....................112
g. Conservation ................................................
113
h. Industrial .......... ..................... ...............
113
3. Demand Capacity ... ......... ... ......:.....................
-
116
SECTION VII. TOOLS FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT-'.. ..........................
117
A. Guide for Land Use Decision Making.......................................117
B. Existing Development Program..........................................117
C. Additional Tools ........ ............. ... ... ...................117
D. Land Use Plan Amendments . ............. ...........................117
E. Action Plan/Schedule ........... ...................
118
....................
1. Citizen Participation
118
............ ..................... .........
2. Action Plan/Schedule .. ............ .........
119
................
F. Resource Conservation Management Action Plan/
Positive and Negative Impacts of Land Use Plan Policies • .....................
120
TABLES
Table 1 Windsor, Region Q, and North Carolina — Population Change .........
9
Table 2 Town of Windsor and Bertie County — Total Population By Age .. .
11
Table 3 Town of Windsor and Bertie County — Total Population By Sex .......
11
Table 4 Town of Windsor and Bertie County — Racial Composition ............
12
Table 5 Town of Windsor — Housing Conditions ................: ..... ...
13
Table 6 Town of Windsor — Tenure and Vacancy ................. . .......
13
Table 7 Town of Windsor — Homeowners with Housing Cost Greater than 30%
of Household Income .
14
........ ....................... ........
Table 8 Town of Windsor — Housing Cost Information for Rental Households ...
14
Table 9 Town of Windsor = Median Household Income,1999 .................
15
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan -iv- August; 2009

PAGE
Table 10
Town of Windsor and Bertie County — Labor Force Status Individuals
16 Years and Older ............ .............. ...... ...
15.
Table 11
Bertie County — Summary of Manufacturing Development ...........
16
Table 12
Town of Windsor — Employed Persons 16 Years and Older by Industry ..
16
Table 13
Town of Windsor and Bertie County — Employed Persons 16 Years and
Older by Class of Worher . ..:..................................
17
Table 14
Bertie County — Development Capacity, Accessibility, Infrastructure
andResources ............ ....................... ......
. 17
Table 15
Town of Windsor and Bertie County Population Projections ..........
19
Table 16
Town of Windsor Flood Hazard Areas .............................
22
Table 17
Town of Windsor Hurricane Storm Surge Inundation .................
24
Table 18
Town of Windsor Soil Characteristics ..... ................... ..
28
Table 19
Town of Windsor Wetlands ... .............. ....... .....
36
Table 20
Town of Windsor Significant Natural Heritage Areas/Protected Lands
38
Table 21
NC Division of Water Quality Water Body Classifications .............
41
Table 22
Town of Windsor Water Bodies and Classifications ...................
42.
Table 23
Town of Windsor Environmental Composite Map. Layers .............
43
Table 24
Town of Windsor Land Use Acreage by Class .........................
43
Table 25
Subbasin 03-02-10 Water Quality ........................
48
Table 26
Roanoke River Basin-Subbasin 03-02-10 Registered Animal Operations
49
Table 27
Town of Windsor Existing Land Use Acreages ...... ...............
52
Table 28
Town of Windsor Undeveloped Land in Relation. to the Environmental
Composite Analysis .... _ ......... .. ................. .
53
Table 29
Town of Windsor Crime Data, 2002-2005 ...... ....... .........
61
Table 30
Town of Windsor 2007 Water Use/Consumption .....................
. 64
Table 31
Town of Windsor 2007 Sewer Discharge ............................
64
Table 32
Bertle County Public Schools Serving Windsor ......... . ... ...
65
Table 33
Town of Windsor Land Suitability Analysis Criteria Table .............
71
Table 34
Town of Windsor LSA Acreage .... . .......... ...........:......
72
Table 35
Town of Windsor Estimated Population Growth and Household
Characteristics............. ........ .................. .. ..
78
Table 36
Town of Windsor Water System Supply/Demand Forecasts ...........
81'
Table 37
Town of Windsor Future Land Use Map Acreages ...................
109
Table 38
Future Land Use Plan Compatibility Matrix ........................
115
Table 39
Town of Windsor Land Demand Forecast . ... . .... .......
116
Table 40
Policy Analysis Matrix - Land Use Plan Management Topics ..........
121.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan -v- August, 2009

PAGE
MAPS
Map 1
Town of Windsor Regional Location Map ............ ...... ..
5
Map 2
North Carolina Planning Regions ................. .......... ..
6
Map 3
North Carolina Counties Population Growth 1990-2000 ............
10
Map 4
Town of Windsor Flood Hazard Areas .......:........ .......
23
Map 5
Town of Windsor SLOSH Fast Moving Storm Hurricane Inundation ...
26
Map 6
Town of Windsor Prime Farmland Solis ............... ..........
32
Map 7
Town of Windsor Wetlands .. ...........:...... ...........
37
Map 8 -
Town of Windsor Significant Natural Heritage Areas/Protected Lands
39
Map 9
Town of Windsor Environmental Composite Map ...................
44
Map 10
North Carolina River Basins and Subbasins ... .. ..... ......
46
Map 11
Town of Windsor Existing Land Use . .. .. .....................
51
Map 12
Town of Windsor Historic Districts ............. .......... .....
56
Map 13
Town of Windsor Community Facilities .......... .. ... ......
59
-Map 14
Town of Windsor. AADT/TIP................. ...... ..........
60
Map 15 . '
Town of Windsor Water and Sewer Infrastructure ...................
.63
Map 16.
Town of Windsor Land Suitability Analysis ... ..I..................
73
Map 17
Town of Windsor Future Land Use ............. . ...............
108
APPENDICES
Appendix I
Town of Windsor Citizen Participation Plan
Appendix II
Bertie County Hazard Mitigation Plan Mitigation Action Plan
Appendix III
Policy/Implementing Action Definitions of Common Terms
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan -vi- August, 2009

MATRIX OF REQUIRED ELEMENT$
ELEMENT
CAMA CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(a) Organization of the Plan
i, ii, and 1
(b) Community Concerns and Aspirations
(1) Significant Existing and Emerging Conditions
7
(2) Key Issues
7
(3) A Community Vision
S
(c) Analysis of Existing and Emerging Conditions
(1) Population, Housing, and Economy
(A) Population:
9-12
(i) Permanent population, growth trends using data from the.
9
two most recent decennial Censuses;'
(ii) Current permanent and seasonal population estimates;
9 ,
' (iii) Key population characteristics,
11-12
(iv) Age, and
11
(v) Income
15
(B) Housing Stock:-
12-14
(i) Estimate of current housing stock, including permanent
and seasonal units, tenure, and types of units (single-
family, multi -family, and manufactured); and
(ii) Building permits issued for single-family, multi -family, and
13
manufactured homes since last plan update
(C) Local Economy
15-18
(D) Projections
19
(2) _ Natural Systems Analysis
(A) .Mapping and Analysis of Natural Features
19-40
(i) Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs);
33-36
(ii) Soil characteristics, including limitations for septic tanks,
27-32 .
erodibility, and other factors related to development;
(iii) Environmental Management Commission water quality
41-42
classifications and related use support designations, and
Division of Environmental Health shellfish growing areas
and water quality conditions;
(iv) Flood and other natural hazard areas;
20-23
(v) Storm surge areas;
24-26
(v 1) Non -coastal wetlands including forested wetlands, shrub-
34-36
scrub wetlands, and freshwater marshes;
(vii) Water supply watersheds or wellhead protection
33
areas;
(viii) Primary nursery areas, where mapped;
42 ,
(ix) Environmentally fragile areas; and
37-39
(x) Additional natural features or conditions identified by the
19-20, 39-40
local government.

I
ELEMENT
CAMA CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(B) Composite Map of Environmental Conditions:
42-44
(i) Class
(ii) Class II
(iii) Class III
(C) Environmental Conditions
(i) Water Quality:
45-49
(1) Status and changes of surface water quality, including
impaired streams from the most recent NC Division of
water Quality Basinwide Water Quality Plans, 303(d)
List and other comparable data;
(II) Current situation and trends on permanent and
temporary closures of shellfishing waters as
determined by the Report of Sanitary Survey by the
- - Shellfish Sanitation Section of the NC Division of
Environmental Health;
(III) Areas experiencing chronic wastewater treatment
system malfunctions; and
(IV) Areas with water quality or public health problems
related to non -point source pollution
(ii) Natural Hazards:
49, 20, 33; 40
(1) Areas subject to storm hazards such as recurrent
52-56
flooding, storm surges, and high winds;
(II) Areas experiencing significant shoreline erosion as
evidenced by the presence of threatened structures or
public facilities; and
(III) Where data is available, estimates of public and
private damage resulting from floods and wind that
has occurred since the last plan update
(iii) Natural Resources:
49, 20, 33, 40
(1) Environmentally fragile areas or areas where resource
52-56
functions may be impacted as a result of
development; and
(11) Areas containing potentially valuable natural
resources
(3) Analysis of Land Use and Development
50-56.
(A) A map of land including the following: residential, commercial,
51
industrial, institutional, public,: dedicated open space,
agriculture, forestry, confined animal feeding operations, and
undeveloped;
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan
-viii- August, 2009

ELEMENT
CAMA CORE
LAND USE ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(B)
The land use analysis shall including the following:
(i) .Table that shows estimates of the land area allocated to
52
each land use;
_
(ii) Description of any land use conflicts;
52
(iii) Description of any land use -water quality conflicts;.
52
(iv) Description of development trends using indicators; and .
52-*
(v) Location of areas expected to experience development
52-53
during the five years following plan certification by the
CRC and a description of any potential conflicts with Class
II or Class III land identified in the natural systems analysis
(C)
Historic, cultural, and scenic areas designated by a state or
54-56
federal agency or by local government `
(D)
Projections of future land needs.
54
(4)
Analysis of Community Facilities
(A)
Public and Private Water Supply and Wastewater Systems
62-64.
(B)
Transportation Systems
57,60
(C)
Stormwater Systems
66-69
(D)
Other Facilities
57-66
(5)
Land Suitability Analysis
69-73
_
(A)
Water quality;
(B)
Land Classes I, II, and III summary environmental analysis;
(C)
Proximity to existing developed areas and compatibility with
existing land uses;
(D)
Potential impacts of development on areas and sites
designated by local historic commission or the NC Department
of Cultural Resources as historic, culturally significant, or scenic;
(E)
Land use and development requirements of local development
regulations, CAMA Use Standards and other applicable state
regulations, and applicable federal regulations; and
(F)
Availability of community facilities, including water, sewer,
stormwater, and transportation
(6)
Review of Current CAMA Land Use Plan
73-77
(A)
Consistency of existing land use and development ordinances
with current CAMA Land Use Plan policies;
.
(B)
Adoption of the land use plan's implementation measures by:
the governing body; and
(C)
Efficacy of current policies in creating desired land .use patterns
and protecting natural systems
(d) Plan for the Future
(1)
Land Use and Development Goals:
(A)
Community concerns and aspirations identified at the .
7-8
beginning of the planning process;
(B)
Needs and opportunities identified in the analysis of existing .
78-82
and emerging conditions

ELEMENT
CAMA CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(2) Policies:
82-88
(A) Shall be consistent with the goals of the CAMA, shall address the
CRC management topics for land use plans, and comply with
all state and federal rules;
(B) ,Shall contain a description of the type and extent of analysis
' completed to determine the impact of CAMA Land Use Plan
policies on the management topics, a description of both
positive and negative impacts of the land use plan policies on
.the management topics, and a description of the policies,'
methods, programs, and processes to mitigate any negative
impacts on applicable management topics;
(C) Shall contain a clear statement that the governing body either
accepts state and federal law regarding land uses and "
- development in AECs or, that the local government's policies
exceed the requirements of state and federal agencies.
(3) Land Use Plan Management Topics.
88-106
(A) Public Access
89-91
(B) Land Use Compatibility
91-96
(C) Infrastructure Carrying Capacity
96-99
(D) Natural Hazard Areas
99-100
(E) Water Quality
101-103 .
(F) Local Areas of Concern
103=106
(4) Future Land Use Map
107-116
(A) 14-digit hydrological units encompassed by the planning area;
(B) Areas and locations planned for conservation or open space
and a description of compatible land use and activities,
(C) Areas and locations planned for future growth and
development with descriptions of the following characteristics:
(i) Predominant and supporting land uses that are
encouraged in each area;
(ii) Overall density and development intensity planned for
each area;
(iii) Infrastructure required to support planned development in
each area
(D) Areas in existing developed areas for infill, preservation, and
redevelopment;
(E) :Existing and planned infrastructure, including major roads, '
water, and sewer
In addition, the plan shall include an estimate of the cost of any
116
community facilities or services that shall be extended or developed.
The. amount of land allocated to various uses shall be calculated and
compared to the projection of Land needs. The amount of land area
thus allocated to various uses may not exceed projected needs as
delineated in Part c 3)(A iv -Projection of Future Land Needs.

ELEMENT
CAMA CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(e) Tools
for Managing Development
117-125
(1)
Guide for Land Use Decision -Making
117
(2)
Existing Development Program
117
(3)
Additional Tools.
117
(A) Ordinances:
(i) Amendments or adjustments in existing development
117
codes required for consistency with the plan;
(ii) New ordinances or codes to be developed
(B) Capital Improvements Program
(C) Acquisition Program
(D) Specific Projects to Reach Goals
(4)
Action Plan/Schedule
118-120

PREFACE - HOW TO USE THE PLAN
WHY IS A PLAN NEEDED?
This plan is intended to fulfill the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) requirements for the
preparation of a Core CAMA Land Use Plan. This plan is organized to adhere to the 15A NCAC
7B requirements. The matrix following the table of contents specifies how/where compliance,
with 15A NCAC7B is accomplished. The reader should review Section VII, Tools for Managing
Development which begins on page 117.
This is a Core Land Use Plan. The Core Plan is defined as follows:
Core Plans This plan addresses all of the plan elements in Rule .0702 of Section
7B (Elements of CAMA Core and Advanced Core Land Use Plans) in a complete
and thorough manner. These are summarized as follows: (1) Organization of the
Plan, (2) Community Concerns and Aspirations, (3) Analysis of Existing and
Emerging Conditions with the jurisdiction, and (4) Plan for the Future. This type
of plan is the standard CAMA Land Use Plan required for all 20 coastal counties.
The reader should not attempt to understand the plan by reading only several sections.of the
document. All sections of the plan are inter -related. However, significant sections of the plan
include the following:
• Analysis of Existing and Emerging Conditions, page 9.
• Analysis of Land Use and Development, page 50.
• Land Suitability Analysis, page 69.
• Plan for the Future, page 78.
•" Tools for Managing Development; page 117.
In addition to the CAMA requirements, there are other reasons to plan. Windsor.has a great
deal of influence on the way in which the town develops. The buildings, facilities, and
improvements provided by the town affect the daily lives of its citizens, give form to the town,
and stimulate or retard the development of privately -owned land. In addition, the workings
of the real estate market help determine the uses of private land,. but these uses are regulated
by Windsor. The town has an opportunity -to coordinate the overall pattern of physical;
development.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan
August, 2009

Windsor is inescapably involved in questions of physical development. At almost every meeting
of the Board of Commissioners, development decisions must be made concerning rezoning,
street improvements, sites for public. buildings, and so on.. Windsor and particularly the
legislative body made up of lay citizens — needs some technical guidance in making these
physical development decisions. Windsor needs an instrument that establishes long-range,
general policies for the physical development of the community in a coordinated, unified
manner, and which can be continually referred to in deciding upon the development issues that
come up every weep. The comprehensive plan is such an instrument.
Once this plan is adopted, the town must realize that the plan is not the end of the process.
Windsor must continuously works at accomplishing plan implementation and establishing an
effective planning program. The town mutt view the preparation of this document as ;
the first step in a continually evolving process.
The policies and implementing actions section of this plan, pages 88 to 106 includes numerous
recommendations for new regulatory ordinances and revisions to existing regulatory ordinances.
These revisions are essential to the successful implementation of this document.. No CAMA
permits will be issued which are inconsistent with the policies included in this plan.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan ii August, 2009

$ECTION 1.
INTRODUCTION
This Fiscal Year 2007/2008 - 2008/2009 CAMA Core Land Use Plan is prepared in accordance
with the requirements of the North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA).
Specifically, this document complies with Subchapter. 78, "CAMA Land Use Planning
Requirements," of the North Carolina Administrative Code, as amended, August 1, 2002.
The 7B guidelines provide that each of the twenty coastal counties and the municipalities within
those counties prepare and adopt a CAMA Core Land Use Plan that meets the planning
requirements adopted by the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC). If a county chooses not to
prepare a plan, the guidelines specify that the CRC will prepare and adopt a CAMA Land Use
Plan for that county and the municipalities in the county which choose not to prepare their own
plan. Municipalities not preparing their own plan will be included in the plan for the county
in which the municipality is located.
In general, 7B requires that a plan include analysis of existing and emerging conditions. To fulfill
those requirements, this plan includes information regarding the population, housing, economy,
natural systems, existing land use and community facilities, a land suitability analysis, and a
review of current plans, policies, and regulations as well as extensive mapping: This plan is also .
required to have a plan for the future. To meet that requirement, this plan includes
community facilitydemand information, a future land use map, and specific land
use/development goals/policies. Finally, the plan has tools for managing development. The
management tools must specify the actions which the Town of Windsor will take to ensure
implementation of this plan. Refer to Section VI.0 on how the land use plan is used for CAMA
permitting and local decision malting. NOTE: No CAMA permits will be issued which are
inconsistent with the policies included in this plan.
At the beginning of the preparation of this document, the Town. of Windsor adopted a Citizen
Participation Plan which is intended to ensure that all interested citizens have an opportunity
to participate in the development of this plan through both oral and written comments. A
copy of the Citizen Participation Plan is included as Appendix I.
On July 30, 2008, copies of this draft land use plan were provided to Bertie.County and the
Mid -East Commission with a request for review and comment. As of February 20, 2009, no
comments had been received from any of the jurisdictions.
Following adoption of the plan by the Windsor Board of Commissioners, it was submitted to the
CRC for certification. Certification of the plan was achieved on August 27, 2009.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 1 August, 2009

SECTION 11.
HISTORY
The following history of the Town of Windsor was written .using excerpts from an article by
Harry L. Thompson for the Windsor Bicentennial Celebration and the National Register listing
for the Town of Windsor.
"By 1750, the upper Cashie River basin had become a center of commerce,
population, politics, and Court activities. Every landing from the courthouse for .
two miles down river was the scene of busy shipping and trade — especially those
landings with access to the main county roads. With the influx of people and
trade, a pressing need for a town arose. It is not recorded who the leaders were, i
of this movement, but in 1752, enough interest had been generated to have an
act passed in the Colonial Assembly at Edenton creating the town of "Winberly"
at Blackman's, Landing on the west side of the Cashie River below Gray's
Landing. It is not known what stopped formation of this town, but is was
undoubtedly, due to influence from the courthouse area of "Cashy."
In 1756, in spite of the lack of encouragement from the government, cultivation
of tobacco had increased so much that warehouses were established for its
inspection before being exported from the Province. Thomas Whitmel's
warehouse on Cashie above Gray's was one such govemment station. As such,
his landing became a center of trade.
By the 1760's the landing at Gray's was the site of much shipping and water
commerce. William Gray extended a formal offer of one hundred acres fora
town, and on February 14, 1766, the Speaker of the Assembly presented a
petition from sundry inhabitants of Bertie County asking for the creation of a
town at Gray's Landing. Since the courthouse, prison, and a small village were
located farther up the Cashie River at what is now Hoggard's Mill, opposition
arose to this plan for a new town. A counter petition was presented to the
Assembly by other inhabitants that a town be built at the courthouse. The
Assembly resolved that the petitions be shelved and that Cullon Pollock, Edward
Vail, lames Blount, Benjamin Wynns, and Jasper Charlton be appointed to view
both sites and present at the following session of the Assembly which of the two
was the most convenient and best site at which to erect a town.
The main factors affecting this committee's decision was the crooked, narrow
condition of the river past Gray's to the courthouse and the fact that all existing
buildings at the courthouse were in a poor state of condition while Ballard, Gray,
and others had a thriving business at the lower landings.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan
2
August, 2009

When the Colonial Assembly met in December,1767, the Committee returned
in favor of Gray's Landing, and thus, on January 8,1768, the Assembly passed an
act to "create New Windsor" on the Cashie River. Cullon Pollock, David
Standley, and. Thomas Ballard were appointed commissioners to sell lots on
which each purchaser had two years to build a suitable edifice at least sixteen .
feet square with a brick: chimney.
Immediately upon the establishment of this new town, a bill was introduced in
1768 to move the courthouse and prison to Windsor. However, this met with stiff.
opposition from the group at "Cashy,". and for several years nothing was done
about it. In 1773, a petition was reintroduced by 94 citizens to the Town of
Windsor which was ratified by the Assembly and the courthouse was moved to
Windsor. In 1774, the Assembly appointed William Gray, Thomas Ballard,
Thomas Clark, Zedekziah Stone, and David Standley to build a courthouse,
prison, pillory, and stocks in the Town of Windsor.
In 1775, Samuel Clay Milboum, tavern owner, sold these Commissioners a half -
acre lot in town for ten pounds for the purposes of erecting a courthouse. This
is the some site that the present courthouse buildings are on today.
The first businesses to appear in the newly -formed town were necessarily
shipping merchants, since it was a river landing site. Chief products for export
were tar, pitch, staves, turpentine, and foodstuffs.
Religion and education were also a part of the, growth of early Windsor.
Services were held in various homes by visiting ministers, and services were'
attended at the Parish Church ' in Merry Hill. Early education took place at
home with tutors. Boarding students were taken in and taught with the
children of the home. Sometime around 1800, Oak Grove Academy for young
men was formed near Windsor.
A Masonic Lodge was formed in Windsor in 1772, chartered as Royal Edwin
Lodge #4, later renamed in 1822 Charity Lodge. An attempt was made to erect
a lodge building in 1883, but insufficient funds ended the endeavor. In 1843, the
Lodge was meeting over the W.S. Pruden store. Finally, the Old Bricks House,
said to be the oldest brick building in Windsor, was purchased in 1848 and after
several remodelings - has been used continuously by -the town's oldest
organization."
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan
3
August, 2009

SECTION 111.
REGIONAL LOCATION
A. Location of the Town of Windsor
The Town of Windsor is located in south-central Bertie County, North Carolina. Windsor is
situated at approximately the midway point between Raleigh/Wake County, North Carolina
to the west and the North Carolina coast to the east. US Highways 17 and 13 are the major
roads that regionally connect with the Town. Map 1 depicts the Town's regional location.
B. State Planning Region Q
In 1970,-Governor Robert Scott realized that the delivery of quality government services and
programs could be facilitated through planning and development on the regional level.
Therefore, the NC Legislature developed 17 multi -county planning and development regions
in the State.
The Town of Windsor is located in Region Q,. which is comprised of Beaufort, Bertie, Hertford,
Martin, and Pitt counties, as well as their municipalities (see Map 2). The above -referenced
legislation also created regional councils of governments staffed by planning professionals with
the intent of implementing regional planning and development. The Town of Windsor and all
of Region Q.are served by the Mid -East Commission Council of Governments (COG), based in
Washington. -
The COG's mission, as stated on its website (www.mideastcom.org) is "to enhance the ability of
local governments to successfully improve the quality of life for area citizens; leadership in
technical assistance, planning, program management and development, and public -private
partnerships."
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan. 4 August, 2009

Miles
0 20 40 80 120 160
F\'V
XWO
he preparation of this map was financed in part
hrough a grant provided by the North Carolina
oastal Management Program, through funds provided
y the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
mended, which is administered by the Office of
cean and Coastal Resource Management, National
ceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
olConsulting Planners, Inc.
Town of Windsor
Legend
Town of Windsor
O NC County Boundary
OBertie County
Windsor Town Limits
Windsor ETJ
Incorporated Areas
/\\/ Primary Roads
MAP
Town of Windsor
Bertie County, North Carolina
Regional Location
Page 5

MAP
Town of Windsor
Bertie County, North Carolina
North Carolina Planning Regions
Planning District Q:
Beaufort County, Bertie County,
Hertford County,
Martin County & Pitt County
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
ol�� Consulting Planners, Inc.

SECTION IV.
COMMUNITY CONCERNS AND ASPIRATIONS
A. Key Issues
In November, 2006, the Town of Windsor conducted a town -wide public opinion survey as part
of the Town's strategic planning process. The survey was conducted with the assistance of the
North Carolina Department of Commerce, Division of Community Assistance. A total of 1,500
surveys were distributed with 495 responses received, a 33% response rate.
The following summarizes some of the significant responses:
• Important issues facing Windsor (in order of significance):
0 Public school improvements.
0 lobs.
0 More retail stores/outlet/theater/hotel.
0 Industrial recruitment growth.
0 Recreation/activities for youth and elderly.
• What are Windsor's negative characteristics? (in order of significance):
0
Shopping center/grocery/clothing stores.
0
Good paying jobs/more jobs.
0
Improves schools/especially teachers.
0
Street repaving/road improvements/sidewali2s.
0
Old buildings/houses taken down.
0
Drugs and gangs/level of crime.
0
Clean up the Downtown area.
0
More industry/restaurants.
• What are Windsor's positive characteristics? (in order of significance):
0
Parks and recreation/zoo.
0
Historic district/buildings/homes.
0
Preserve/update downtown.
0
Small town atmosphere.
0
Waterfront
0
Warm and hospitable people.
0
Clean town.
0
Security/safe environment.
NOTE: A copy of the complete survey results are available from the Town of Windsor Town
Administrator's office.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 7 August, 2009

B. Town of Windsor Vision Statement
Windsor will expand its economic base, including tourism, retail and
wholesale trade, real estate and construction, and industrial development.
Windsor will preserve its environmentally sensitive areas and support
responsible development along its shorelines. A balanced community will be
achieved which supports educational improvements, recreational
opportunities, protection of its historic resources and preservation of its small
town atmosphere.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 8 August, 2009 Oj

SECTION V.
ANALYSIS OF EXISTING AND EMERGING CONDITIONS
A. Population
1. Windsor, Region Q, and North Carolina Permanent Population
Table 1 provides a summary of population change for Windsor, Region Q, and North
Carolina.
Table 1. Windsor, Region Q, and North Carolina - Population Change, 1980-2005
Total Population Percent Change
Overall
1980 1990 2000 2007 Est. '80-'90 190-100 '00-'07 '80-'07
Windsor 2,126 2,209 2,283 3,095* 3.9% 3.4% 35.6% 45.6%
Beaufort Co 40,355 42,283 44,958 46,076 4.8% 6.3% 2.5% 14.2%
Bertie Co 21,024 20,388 19,757 19,964 -3.0% -3.1% 1.0% -5.0%
Hertford Co 23,368 22,528 22,977 23,755 -3.6% 2.0% 3.4% 1.7%
Martin Co 25,948 25,978 25,546 23,911 0.1% -1.7% -6.4% -7.9%
Pitt Co 90,146 108,480 133,719 151,996 20.3% 23.3% 13.7% 68.6%
Region Q 200,841 219,657 246,957 265,702 9.4% 12.4% 7.6% 32.3%
North Carolina 5,880,095 6,628,637 8,049,313 9,069,370 12.7% 21.4% 12.7% 54.2%
*The significant increase in population from 2000 to 2007 is a result of the 2006 opening of the Bertie Correctional Institution.
NOTE: The estimated 2000 population within Windsor's extraterritorial jurisdiction was 311.
Source: US Census Bureau.
Windsor's population increased slightly from 2,126 in 1980 to an estimated 2,191 in 2007.
During the same time, Bertie County's population declined from 21,024 in 1980 to an estimated
18,601 in 2007. Bertie and Martin counties are the only two counties within Region Q which
experienced population loss and out -migration during the 1990s (see Map 3).
2. Seasonal Population
Seasonal population in Windsor is negligible. In 2000, only 20, or 1.8%, of a total 1,080
dwelling units were classified as seasonal. In 1990, eight, or less than 1%, were classified as
seasonal. It is believed that this increase is the result of seasonal occupancy by retirement age
population. Significant growth in the seasonal population is not expected.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 9 August, 2009

MAP
Town of Windsor
Bertie County, North Carolina
Population Growth 1990-2000
North Carolina Counties
Miles
0 15 30 60 90 120
Bertie County, NC
Population Change
High Growth, High Net In -Migration
Modest Growth, Net In -Migration
!� Low Growth, Net In -Migration
(� Low/Modest Growth, Net Out -Migration
Population Loss, Net Out -Migration
jExtreme Natural Increase, Net Out -Migration
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
H. FI& &Consulting Planners, Inc.

3. Composition and Age
Windsor has experienced a 32.4% decrease in the 15-24 year old age group since 1980.
During the same period, there was a 37.0% increase in the 65 year and older age group. Bertie
County has only experienced a 11.8% increase in this age group. Windsor and Bertie County
have both had significant increases in the 35 to 44 year old age group from 1980 to 2000,
70.4% and 53.4%, respectively. Table 2 provides detailed information on population
characteristics for Windsor and Bertie County.
Table 2. Town of Windsor and Bertie County - Total Population by Age, 1980 - 2000
Town of Windsor Bertie County
Total Population % Change Total Population % Change
Age Group 1980 1990 2000 '80-'00 1980 1990 2000 '80-'00
Under 5 136 131 110 -19.1% 1,572 1,507 1,262 -19.7%
5-14 295 247 293 -0.7% 3,656 3,300 2,974 -18.7%
15-24 333 243 225 -32.4% 3,949 2,814 2,441 -38.2%
25-34 291 264 263 -9.6% 2,738 3,107 2,187 -20.1%
35-44 206 281 351 70.4% 1,979 2,665 3,035 53.4%
45-54 260 221 286 10.0% 2,289 1,951 2,738 19.6%
55-64 262 245 285 8.8% 2,012 2,059 1,974 -1.9%
65 & Over 343 424 470 37.0% 2,829 2,985 3,164 11.8%
Total 2,126 2,056 2,283 7.4% 21,024 20,388 19,775 -5.9%
Source: US Census Bureau.
In 2000, the median age for Windsor was 41.7 and 38.6 for Bertie County. For
comparison, North Carolina's median age was 35.3 in 2000. The Town of Windsor has a smaller
percentage of males than Bertie County. The County, on the other hand, has a smaller
percentage of females than Windsor. See Table 3.
Table 3. Town of Windsor and Bertie County - Total Population by Sex, 1980 - 2000
Town of Windsor Bertie County
Total Population % Change Total Population % Change
1980 1990 2000 '80-'00 1980 1990 2000 180-100
Male 951 910 985 3.6% 9,950 9,408 9,225 -7.3%
Female 1,175 1,146 1,298 10.5% 11,074 10,980 10,532 -4.9%
Total 2,126 2,056 2,283 7.4% 21,024 20,388 19,757 -6.0%
Source: US Census Bureau.
In 2000, the majority of individuals in Windsor, 53%, were blac12. Approximately 45.4%
of Windsor's 2000 residents were white. These percentages are highly consistent with those of
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 11 August, 2009

Bertie County. In 2000, Bertie County consisted of approximately 62.4% blackz and 36.3%
white. This racial composition has changed little since 1990. See Table 4 for detailed
information on the racial composition of Windsor and Bertie County.
Table 4. Town of Windsor and Bertie County — Racial Composition
Town of Windsor
Bertie County
1990
2000
% Change
1990
2000
% Change
White
1,328
1,037
-21.9410
7,790
7,178
-7.9%
Blacl2
718
1,209
68.4%
12,531
12,326
-1.6%
American Indian or Eslzimo, Aleut
3
8
166.7%
46
87
89.1%
Asian or Pacific Islander
7
16
128.6%
14
16
14.3%
Other/Two or more Races
0
13
—
7
150
2042.9%
Total
2,056
2,283
11.0%
20,388
19,757
-3.1%
Source: US Census Bureau.
4. Population Summary
• Windsor's population increased slightly from 1980 to 2000 while Bertie County's
population declined.
• Windsor's 65 years and older population increased significantly, 70.4%from 1980
to 2000.
• Windsor's 2000 median age was higher than that for the State.
• In 2000, the majority of Windsor's population was blacb (53%).
B. Housing
L Housing Conditions and Tenure
As of 2000, 42% of the dwelling units in Windsor were constructed 40 or more years
ago. This relatively accelerated age of housing indicates that some of these homes may be at
least slightly deteriorated. Less than 1% of the total dwelling units lackr complete bathroom
facilities and/or complete lgitchen facilities.
Approximately 86.6% of the year-round dwelling units in Windsor are detached, single-
family units. Approximately 11.5% of the dwelling units are mobile homes. Table 5 provides
detailed information on housing conditions in Windsor, and Table 6 provides information on
tenure and vacancy of housing units in Windsor.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 12 August, 2009

Table 5. Town of Windsor - Housing Conditions, 1990-2000
Condition and Age 1990 % of Total 2000 % of Total % Change '90-'00
Total Housing Units
927
Age
0-9 years
45
10-19 years
174
20-29 years
152
30-39 years
180
40 or more years
376
Condition
Lacl?ing complete bathroom facilities
66
Laclzing complete kitchen facilities
36
Type
Single-family, detached
803
Single-fami_)y, attached
7
Duplex
28
3 or 4 units
12
5 to 9 units
5
10 to 19 units
1
20 or more units
N/A*
Mobile home or trailer
63
Other
8
*Data for this category not provided in the
1990 Census.
Source: US Census.
100.0%
1,092
100.0%
17.8%
4.9%
162
14.8%
260.0%
18.8% -
82
7.5%
-52.9%
16.4%
222
20.3%
46.1%
19.4%
164
15.0%
-8.9%
40.6%
462
42.3%
22.9%
7.1%
11
1.0%
-83.3%
3.9%
2
0.2%
-94.4%
86.6%
812
74.4%
1.1%
0.8%
38
3.5%
442.9%
3.0%
67
6.1%
139.3%
1.3%
17
1.6%
41.7%
0.5%
10
0.9%
100.0%
0.1%
12
1.1%
1100.0%
N/A
11
1.0%
N/A
6.8%
124
11.4%
96.8%
0.9%
1
0.1%
-87.5%
Table 6. Town of Windsor - Tenure and Vacancy,1980-2000
1980
1990
2000
Change
1980-1990
% Change
1990-2000
Overall % Change
1980-2000
Total Units
882
927
1,092
5.1%
17.8%
23.8%
Occupied Units
821
856
934
4.3%
9.1%
13.8%
Renter Occupied
266
224
319
-15.8%
42.4%
19.9%
Owner Occupied
555
632
615
13.9%
-2.7%
10.8%
Vacant Units
61
71
158
16.4%
122.5%
159.0%
For Sale
8
8
28
0.0%
250.0%
250.0%
For Rent
12
11
30
-8.3%
172.7%
150.0%
Other Vacant
28
44
78
57.1%
77.3%
178.6%
Occasional or Seasonal Use
13
8
22
-38.5%
175.0%
69.2%
Source: US Census Bureau.
Current building permit activity for the Town of Windsor is as follows: 2006 - 5 permits;
2007- 3 permits; and 2008 - 8 permits. In addition, 2 permits have been issued through
February, 2009.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 13 August, 2009

2. Housing Affordability
Tables 7 and 8 provide an analysis of 2000 housing affordability for households located
within Windsor and its extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETj). Both within the Town and the ETJ,
those households with housing costs exceeding 30% of the household income (considered to be
above an affordable level) exceeded North Carolina. Thus, housing affordability is a concern
within Windsor's planning jurisdiction.
Table 7. Town of Windsor — Homeowners with Housing Cost Greater than 30% of Household Income
Housing Cost z 30% of Income
Total Owner-
With
Without
Jurisdiction
Occupied Households
Mortgage
Mortgage
With Mortgage
Without Mortgage
Town of Windsor
590
274
316
99 (36.4%)
41 (13.0%)
Windsor ET)
52
24
28
9 (37.5%)
3 (10.7%)
Total Town Limits & ET)
642
298
344
108 (36.5%)
44 (12.8%)
Source: PCensus Profile Report, 2000 Census.
Table 8. Town of Windsor — Housing Cost Information for Rental Households
Total Number of Rental Rental Households with Housing
Jurisdiction Households Cost z 30% of Income
Town of Windsor 348 125 (35.9%)
Windsor ET) 33 12 (36.3%)
Total Town limits & ET) 381 137 (36.0%)
Source: PCensus Profile Report, 2000 Census.
3. Housing Summary
• A large percentage, 42% of Windsor's housing inventory, is 40 years old or older.
• Almost all dwelling units have complete plumbing and kritchen facilities.
• Most dwelling units within Windsor are owner -occupied.
• Housing affordability is an issue within Windsor and its ET) area.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan
14
August, 2009

C. Economy
The median income provides an indication of an area's local economy. In 2000, the Town's
median income was only 64% of that for the State. While not a direct comparison, in 1989, the
Town's mean household income median was 85.6% of that for the State. See Table 9.
Table 9. Town of Windsor - Median Household Income,1999
1999
Town of Windsor
$25,256
Bertie County
$25,177
North Carolina
$39,184
Source: US Census.
2000 Census data revealed that only 8.3% of the people active in the labor force were
unemployed. There were 1,715 persons of age that were eligible to be included in the labor
force. Of that total, 889, or 51.8%, were not active in the labor force. They were either disabled,
retired by choice, or persons not seeping employment.
For comparison purposes, Bertie County had 80/o of the people active in the labor force
unemployed in 2000. The percent of persons not active in the labor force was 46.6%. See
Table 10 for detailed labor force status data for Windsor and Bertie County.
Table 10. Town of Windsor and Bertie County - Labor Force Status Individuals 16 Years and Older,1990-2000
1990
% of Total
2000
% of Total
% Change '90-`00
Total: Windsor
Labor Force
Armed Forces
0
0.0%
O
0.0%
0.0%
Civilian Labor Force:
Employed
920
56.2%
763
44.5%
-17.1%
Unemployed
37
2.3%
63
3.7%
70.3%
Not in Labor Force
680
41.5%
889
51.8%
30.7%
Total
1,637
100.0%
1,715
100.0%
4.8%
Total: Bertie County
Labor Force
Armed Forces
14
0.1%
16
0.1%
14.3%
Civilian Labor Force:
-8.8%
Employed
8,269
54.3%
7,539
49.5%
Unemployed
620
4.1%
573
3.8%
-7.6%
Not in Labor Force
6,325
41.5%
7,092
46.6%
12.1%
Total
15,228
100.0%
15,220
100.0%
-0.1%
NOTE: Percentage and Totals represent only those individuals of age to
participate in the labor force.
Source: US Census.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 15 August, 2009

Table 11 summarizes 2000 manufacturing development in Bertie County.
Table 11. Bertie County - Summary of Manufacturing Development
Value of Shipments Annual Payroll
Description Establishments ($11000) ($1,000)
Paid Employees
Manufacturing 18 $340,776 $47,762
2,227
Food Manufacturing 5 D D
(1000-2499)
Animal Slaughtering & Processing 2 D D
(1000-2499)
Poultry Processing 1 D D
(1000-2499)
D = Withheld to avoid disclosing data of individual companies; data are included in higher level totals.
Source: US Census.
The discussion of industrial land use on page 113 includes areas of Windsor used for industrial
development.
In 2000, the occupations within the services industry account for 43.8% of total employment
in the Town. Health services, educational services, and other professional services lead this
industry. Employment in the manufacturing industry in 2000 was also strong, and accounted
for 28.6% of total employment in Windsor.
Table 12. Town of Windsor - Employed Persons 16 Years and Older by Industry,1990-2000
1990 2000
Overall %
Total Total
Change
Categories Employment % of Total Employment % of Total
1990-2000
Agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and
mining 38 4.1% 34 4.1%
-10.5%
Construction 60 6.5% 33 4.0%
-45.0%
Manufacturing 219 23.8% 238 28.6%
8.7%
Transportation 16 1.7% 22 2.6%
37.5%
Communication, other public facilities 15 1.6% 11 1.3%
-26.7%
Wholesale trade 31 3.4% 19 2.3%
-38.7%
Retail trade 127 13.8% 76 9.1%
-40.2%
Finance, insurance & real estate 55 6.0% 29 3.5%
-47.3%
5ervices' 287 31.2% 364 43.8%
26.8%
Public administration 72 7.8% 5 0.6%
-93.1%
Total 920 100.0% 831 100.0%
-9.7%
'Includes Business and Repair Services; Personal, Entertainment, and Recreational Services; Professional and Related Services.
NOTE: Individuals may not be employed within the Windsor corporate limits.
Source: US Census Bureau.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 16
August, 2009

Approximately 71% of all workers in Windsor are private (for -profit and not -for -profit) wage
and salary workers. This percentage is basically consistent with the County percentage of 75%.
Roughly 22% of all workers in Windsor are employed in either federal, state, or local
governments. It should be noted that government workers create stability in an area. See
Table 13.
Table 13. Town of Windsor and Bertie County - Employed Persons 16 Years and Older by Class of Worker, 1990-2000
1990
2000
Overall %
Total
Total
Change
Employment
% of Total
Employment
% of Total
1990-2000
Windsor
Private Wage and Salary Worker
654
71.1%
548
71.8%
-16.2%
Government Workers
202
22.0%
169
22.1%
-16.3%
Self -Employed Worker
60
6.5%
44
5.8%
-26.7%
Unpaid Family Worker
4
0.4%
2
0.3%
-50.0%
Total
920
100.0%
763
100.0%
-17.1%
Bertie County
Private Wage and Salary Worker
6,232
75.4%
5,737
76.1%
-7.9%
Government Workers
1,396
16.9%
1,328
17.6%
-4.9%
Self -Employed Worker
609
7.4%
455
6.0%
-25.3%
Unpaid Family Worker
32
0.4%
19
0.3%
-40.6%
Total
8,269
100.0%
7,539
100.0%
-8.8%
Source: US Census Bureau.
In 2000, the Town of Windsor had 24.6% of its population, 563 individuals, considered to be
below the poverty level.
Bertie County's industrial development capacity is an indicator of Windsor's growth potential.
The following is provided by the North Carolina Department of Commerce.
Table 14. Bertie County - Development Capacity, Accessibility, Infrastructure and Resources
DEVELOPMENT CAPACITY CHECKLIST
County Development Program
✓
Local Development Corporation
✓
Chamber of Commerce
✓
Economic Development Plan
✓
80% of population within 10 miles of a 4-lane road
✓
Commercial Airport within 50 miles
✓
Interstate Highway within 10 miles
✓
Wastewater Treatment Capacity Available
✓
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 17 August, 2009

Table 14 (continued)
DEVELOPMENT CAPACITY CHECKLIST
Natural Gas Available
✓
100,000+ sq ft of Industrial Space Available
✓
Industrial Sites Available
✓
Nearest Major City (100,000+ population)
Norfolkz, VA
Distance to Nearest Major City (miles)
90
Nearest Commercial Airport
Pitt Greenville Airport
Runway Length (feet)
6,000
Distance to Nearest Airport (miles)
35
Nearest Interstate(s)
1-95
Distance to Nearest Interstate (miles)
65
of Population within 10 miles of 4-lane road
25%
INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Available Space in Industrial Buildings (in sq. ft.)
111,604.0 41
Available Acreage in Industrial Sites
2,034.0 79
County Score: Compares available industrial space among counties from 1 (lowest) to 100 (highest).
Source: NC Department of Commerce, March 2007.
Economy Summary
• In 1999, Windsor fell behind North Carolina in median household income.
• In 2000, Windsor's unemployment rate was approximately 8%.
• The service related industries account for 43.8% of Windsor's employment.
• Manufacturing accounted for 28.6% of Windsor's employment in 2000.
• In 2000, 24.6% of Windsor's population was below the poverty level.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 18 August, 2009

D. Population Projections
Population projections through 2030 for Windsor and Bertie County are provided in Table 15.
The town's projections do not include growth resulting from annexations which may occur.
However, based on Bertie County population forecasts, no significant population growth is
expected within Windsor's ETJ, non -incorporated planning area, through 2030. The estimated
2000 ETJ population was 311. County projections are provided by the North Carolina Office of
State Planning. The municipal projections are based on the town's historical population trends
and indicate minimal population growth. Seasonal population is not a factor in Windsor's
planning jurisdiction.
Table 15. Town of Windsor and Bertie County Population Projections, 2007-2030
Location 2007 2010 2020 2030 % Change 2007-2030
Town of Windsor - 3,095 3,099 3,141 3,336 7.8%
Bertie County 19,964 19,678 18,843 17,787 -10.9%
NOTE: Projections include the prison population housed at the Bertie Correctional Institution.
Source: North Carolina Office of State Planning and Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
E. Natural Systems Analysis
1. Mapping and Analysis of Natural Features
a. Topography/Geology
The Windsor area is underlain by the Cretaceous aquifer system and surficial'
wells which top the Cretaceous System. Windsor obtains most of its potable water from the
Cretaceous system. This system is underlain by granite bedrock and is located approximately
250 feet to 600 feet below the surface. The surficial wells which top the Cretaceous aquifer are
normally less than 500 feet deep.
Recharge of the aquifer is primarily provided by rainfall within the Windsor
region. Approximately 20% of the area's annual precipitation enters the surficial aquifer. The
major recharge area is generally located west of Windsor in the vicinity of the transition from
the coastal plain to the Piedmont.
While the quality of water within the Cretaceous system varies areally and
vertically, the water is generally low in mineral content and suitable for all municipal purposes.
IGroundwaters which are at or just below the surface.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 19 August, 2009

During the 1980s, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources,
Division of Groundwater collected data and monitored water levels in the region to determine
groundwater conditions and the effects of large withdrawals. At times, large withdrawals,
primarily in Virginia, have resulted in some lowering of the water level. However, water
supplies have not been adversely affected and the groundwater supply should continue to be
adequate throughout the planning period. Long-range monitoring of the groundwater supply
by the Town of Windsor, other local units of government within the region, and the state will
be crucial to ensuring the continuation of an adequate water supply.
The topography in Windsor's planning jurisdiction does not pose a constraint to
development. There are low areas along the Cashie River which are discussed in the Flood
Hazard section. The lowest areas are at or slightly below sea level. Other areas within
Windsor's jurisdiction are generally flat to gently sloping. Most elevations within Windsor's
jurisdiction are in the range of 10 to 20 feet above mean sea level.
b. Climate
The Weather Channel Networb reports that the county is hot and humid in the
summer. Winters are cool with occasional brief cold spells. On average, the coolest month is
January. The lowest recorded temperature was 4° F in 1989. The hottest month, on average,
is July. The highest recorded temperature was 1010 F in 1977.
Rain falls throughout the year and is normally plentiful. Annual precipitation
is adequate for all crops. The lowest precipitation month is November and the highest is
September. Thunderstorms occur on about 45 days each year, and most occur in summer. The
average seasonal snowfall is less than one inch. Chart 1 provides a summary of rainfall and
temperature.
The average relative humidity in mid -afternoon is about 60 percent. Humidity
is higher at night, and the average at dawn is about 85 percent. The sun shines 65 percent of
the time possible in summer and 60 percent in winter.
C. Flood Zones
North Carolina was designated as the first Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA) Cooperating Technical State. As such, the state assumed primary ownership
and responsibility of the state's National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Flood Insurance Rate
Maps (FIRMS). The Town of Windsor is in the Roanoke River Basin. At the time of this writing,
the Roanoke River Basin FIRMS were in the Post Preliminary Phase of approval. This means
the maps have been completed but have not been adopted. The maps should be adopted
when all maps within the county are finished. Until the maps are finalized, Q3 flood data must
be used.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 20 August, 2009

Chart 1. Town of Windsor Temperature and Precipitation
120
100
14010
80_
_SU
Degrees 60Ir
40
— 34
32
7 —/
34
20
0
Jan Feb
Mar Apr May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
—0—Record High
— Average High ;-Average
Low
--)4--Record Low
12
10
8
Inches 6
4
2
ll
I
I
0
Jan Feb
Mar Apr May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
101
101
101
100
97
86
89
85
88
87
86
80
82
82
78
71
69
73
68
63
64
6 2
64
a..
--��
52
48�;'�
51
4
� 50
45
41�,;
4
�':41
._yiss-ias
�
••a
24
` 2
2
4
6
8
7
5.48
5.17 5.23
4.36 4.33 4 09 4.46
3.75
' 3.16 2 77 3.16
Source: Weather Channel Networkz.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 21 August, 2009

The NFIP uses flood hazard zone designations to indicate the magnitude of flood
hazards in specific areas. These flood zone designations are delineated on FIRMS, which are
considered the most reliable and consistent source for delineating flood hazard areas. FIRMS
are also used to determine whether or not flood insurance is mandatory for developed
properties with mortgages. There are four flood zone designations in Windsor: A, AE, X, and
X500. Following are definitions for each of Windsor's flood zone designations.
Zone As Special Flood Hazard Areas inundated by the 100-year flood,
determined by approximate methods; no base flood elevations are shown or
flood hazard factors determined.
Zone AEA Special Flood Hazard Areas inundated by the 100-year flood,
determined by detailed methods; base flood elevations shown at selected
intervals.
Zone X500e The 500-year floodplain.
Zone Xs Areas of minimal flooding or outside of the 100-year floodplain.
According to the current FIRMS, Windsor is located in the Roanoke River Basin
and 23.5%, or 1,874.2 acres, of the Town's planning jurisdiction is located within a flood hazard
area. Eight percent (8%) of the Town falls within the A zone,13% falls within the AE zone, and
2.5% falls within the X500 zone. The following table provides information regarding the flood
hazard area acreage in Windsor. Map 4 represents the location of all flood hazard areas within
the Town.
Table 16. Town of Windsor Flood Hazard Areas
Corporate Limits ET) Planning Jurisdiction
Flood Zones Acres % of Total Acres % of Total Acres % of Total
Zone A 57.0 3.3% 579.1 9.2% 636.1 8.0%
Zone AE 380.0 22.2% 656.2 10.5% 1,036.3 13.0%
Zone X500 70.6 4.1% 131.2 2.1% 201.8 2.5%
Total Acreage in Flood Zone 507.6 29.7% 1,366.5 21.8% 1,874.2 23.5%
Zone X 1,201.2 70.3% 4,894.4 78.2% 6,095.6 76.5%
Total Town Acreage 1,708.8 100.0% 6,260.9 100.0% 7,969.8 100.0%
Sources: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc., and Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 22 August, 2009

♦ M M A
Town of Windsor
Bertie County, NC
Land Use Plan
Flood Hazard Areas
Legend
OWindsor Town Limits
O ETJ
Flood Hazards
A
W
X500
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
N
W E
S
1 inch = 2,600 feet
Feet
0 1,500 3,000 6,000 9,000
Y—TCol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
Page 23

Windsor is also at risk of flooding from storm surge inundation. Map 5 shows the
general areas of Windsor that may be affected by hurricane -generated storm surge based on
the SLOSH (Sea, Lalze, Overland Surges from Hurricanes) model. The SLOSH model was
developed by the US Army Corps of Engineers and the model is run by the National Hurricane
Center. The model plots hurricane -related flooding for fast moving storms that may result from
a number of characteristics including wind speed, wind direction, time, and tide. Fast moving
hurricanes are hurricanes that have a forward velocity of greater than or equal to 15 miles per
hour.
The following table provides the inundation acreage in Windsor for varying
hurricane categories. The model estimates that 11.3% of Windsor's planning jurisdiction will be
inundated by a Category 1 or 2 fast moving hurricane,12.6% will be inundated by a Category
3 fast moving storm, and 14.8% will be inundated by a Category 4 or 5 fast moving storm.
Table 17. Town of Windsor Hurricane Storm Surge Inundation
Corporate Limits ETJ Planning Jurisdiction
Acres % of Total Acres % of Total Acres % of Total
Categories 1 and 2 150.5 8.8% 749.6 12.0% 900.2 11.3%
Category 3 187.8 11.0% 818.6 13.1% 1,006.4 12.6%
Categories 4 and 5 252.0 14.7% 923.9 14.8% 1,175.9 14.8%
Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Hurricanes are rankled based on intensity using the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane
Scale. Examples of each category are listed below.
Category One Hurricanes Winds 74-95 mph. Storm surge generally
4-5 feet above normal. No significant damage to permanent structures.
Damage limited to unanchored mobile homes, shrubbery, and trees. Some
damage to poorly constructed buildings. Limited coastal road flooding and
minor pier damage may occur. Hurricanes Allison and Noel of 1995 were
Category One hurricanes at peakz intensity.
Category Two Hurricanes Winds 96-110 mph. Storm surge generally
6-8 feet above normal. Some roofing material, door, and window damage to
buildings. Considerable damage to shrubbery and trees. Some trees blown
down. Considerable damage to mobile homes, poorly constructed signs, and
piers. Coastal and low-lying escape routes flood 2-4 hours before the arrival of
the hurricane center. Small craft in unprotected anchorages breaks moorings.
Hurricane Bertha of 1996 was a Category Two hurricane when it hit the North
Carolina coast.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 24 August, 2009

Category Three Hurricanes Winds 111-130 mph. Storm surge generally
9-12 feet above normal. Some structural damage to small residences and utility
buildings with a minor amount of curtainwall failures. Foliage blown off trees.
Large trees blown down. Mobile homes and poorly constructed signs are
destroyed. Flooding near the coast destroys smaller structures, with larger
structures damaged by floating debris. Terrain lower than five feet above mean
sea level may be flooded eight miles inland. Evacuation of low-lying residences
within several blockzs of the shoreline may be required. Hurricane Fran of 1996
was a Category Three hurricane.
Category Four Hurricanes Winds 131-155 mph. Storm surge generally
13-18 feet above normal. More extensive curtainwall failures with some
complete roof structure failures on small residences. Shrubs, trees, and all signs
are -blown down. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Extensive damage to
doors and windows. Low-lying escape routes may be covered by rising water
3-5 hours before the arrival of the hurricane center. Major damage to the lower
floors of structures near the shore. Terrain lower than ten feet above sea level
may be flooded, requiring the massive evacuation of residential areas as far
inland as six miles. Hurricanes Opal and Hugo were Category Four hurricanes
at peat intensity when they struckz the Florida and South Carolina coasts,
respectively. Both storms eventually passed over the western part of North
Carolina. At this time, wind speeds had dropped to tropical storm force winds.
Category Five Hurricanes Winds greater than 155 mph. Storm surge
generally greater than 18 feet. Complete roof failure on many residences and
industrial buildings. Some complete building failures with small utility buildings
blown down. All shrubs, trees, and signs blown down. Complete destruction of
mobile homes. Severe and extensive window and door damage. Low-lying
escape routes are cut by rising water 3-5 hours before the arrival of the
hurricane center. Major damage to lower floors of all structures located less than
15 feet above sea level and within 500 yards of the shoreline. Massive
evacuation of residential areas on low ground within 5-10 miles of the shoreline
may be required. Hurricane Gilbert of 1988 was a Category Five hurricane at
peat intensity and is the strongest Atlantic tropical cyclone of record. Gilbert
passed over Jamaica, the Yucatan Peninsula, and Northern Mexico.
Bertie County adopted a Hazard Mitigation Plan in 2004 that was approved
by FEMA. The Town participated in the Bertie County plan (see page 77). The plan is designed
to enable the Town to be more prepared for natural disasters by establishing goals and
strategies for mitigation, which are included in this plan as Appendix II. If either the Land Use
Plan or Hazard Mitigation Plan are revised, a review of each plan is necessary to ensure
consistency.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 25 August, 2009

MAP 5
Town of Windsor
Bertie County, NC
Land Use Plan
Hurricane Inundation -
SLOSH Fast Moving
Hurricane
Legend
Windsor Town Limits
O ETJ
SLOSH Model - Fast Storm
Category 1 & 2
Category 3
S Category 4 & 5
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
1 inch = 2,600 feet
Feet
0 1,550 3,100 6,200 9,300
ol�� Consulting Planners, Inc.
Page 26

d. Manmade Hazards
There are some significant manmade hazards within the Town of Windsor. The
greatest concentrations of hazardous materials are the storage of gasoline and fuel oil. In
addition to fuel storage, chemicals and pesticides are stored at a limited number of areas. The
EPA requires that facilities report certain chemical substances located on site. Specifically,
under this regulatory requirement, facilities with chemicals on the EPA's list of Extremely
Hazardous Substances present in a quantity equal to or in excess of their established Threshold
Planning Quantity or a 500 pound threshold (whichever number is less), as well as any
hazardous chemical present on site in a quantity equal to or greater than 10,000 pounds must
be included on an annual report called the Tier II. This report must be submitted by March 1't
of each year to the North Carolina Emergency Response Commission, the Local Emergency
Planning Committee, and the local fire department with jurisdiction over the reporting facility.
A list of the current Tier II reporters within the Town of Windsor's planning jurisdiction can be
obtained by calling the North Carolina State Emergency Response Commission (NC- SERC) at
919/733-1361.
Although there are no hazardous waste sites within the town's corporate limits,
the Division of Waste Management has identified a hazardous waste site within the
extraterritorial jurisdiction. The Powell and Stoles, Inc., site (NONCD 000 2326) is located just
within the town's ET1 on NC 13 at the northern edge of this jurisdiction (see Map 15, page 63).
The site had a nitrate spill that contaminated the groundwater. The NC Inactive Hazardous
Sites Branch monitors the annual groundwater analytical results. A consistent attenuating
trend in the nitrate levels has been observed over the past years.
e. Soils
A detailed soils survey was issued for Bertie County in 1990. The Natural
Resources Conservation Service is updating and publishing soils surveys on a continuing basis.
A current soils survey for Bertie County is available via the Natural Resources Conservation
Service's Web Soil Survey (http://websoilsurvey.nres.usda.gov/app/). The current soils survey
identifies 30 soils series located in the Town of Windsor. The soils series characteristics are
summarized in Table 18.
Twenty-two of the 30 soil series are considered very limited for septic tanl
absorption fields. The Bonneau (BoB), Norfoll (NoA, NoB), Udorthents (Ud), and Wiclham
(WI?A, WkzB, WIC, WmB) soil types have somewhat limited conditions for septic tanl
absorption fields. However, these four soils series occupy only small areas,16.3% of the County's
total area.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 27 August, 2009

Table 18. Town of Windsor Soil Characteristics
Total
Map Symbol
Soil Series
Dwellings without Basements
Local Roads and Streets
Septic Tank Absorption Fields
Acreage
% of Total
AtA*
Altavista
Very limited: flooding, depth to
Somewhat limited: low strength,
Very limited: depth to saturated
179.5
2.3%
saturated zone
depth to saturated zone, flooding
zone, seepage, slow water
movement, flooding
Au*
Augusta
Very limited: flooding, depth to
Somewhat limited: low strength,
Very limited: depth to saturated
saturated zone
depth to saturated zone, flooding
zone, slow water movement, flooding
49.9
0.690
BB*
Bibb
Very limited: flooding, depth to
Very limited: depth to saturated
Very limited: flooding, depth to
saturated zone
zone, flooding
saturated zone, seepage
190.9
2.49b
BoB*
Bonneou
Not limited
Not limited
Somewhat limited: depth to
10.3
0.1%
saturated zone, slow water
movement
Ch*
Chewacla
Very limited: flooding, depth to
Very limited: flooding, low strength,
Very limited: flooding, depth to
2.6
0.0%
saturated zone
depth to saturated zone
saturated zone, seepage, slow water
movement
CnB
Conetoe
Not limited
Not limited
Very limited: seepage
447.8
5.6%
CrA
Craven
Somewhat limited: shrink -swell
Very limited: low strength, shrink-
Very limited: slow water movement,
380.2
4.8%
swell
depth to saturated zone, seepage
CrB*
Craven
Somewhat limited: shrink -swell
Very limited: low strength, shrink-
Very limited: slow water movement,
678.2
8.5%
swell
depth to saturated zone, seepage
CrC*
Craven
Somewhat limited: shrink -swell
Very limited: low strength, shrink-
Very limited: slow water movement,
161.9
2.0%
swell
depth to saturated zone, seepage
DgA
Dogue
Somewhat limited: shrink -swell,
Very limited: low strength, shrink-
Very limited: depth to saturated
186.8
2.3%
depth to saturated zone
swell, depth to saturated zone
zone, slow water movement, seepage
DgB
Dogue
Somewhat limited: shrink -swell,
Very limited: low strength, shrink-
Very limited: depth to saturated
67.0
0.8%
depth to saturated zone
swell, depth to saturated zone
zone, slow water movement, seepage
DgC*
Dogue
Somewhat limited: shrink -swell,
Very limited: low strength, shrink-
Very limited: depth to saturated
11.7
0.1%
depth to saturated zone, slope
swell, slope, depth to saturated zone
zone, slow water movement,
seepage, slope
Dk*
Dorovan
Very limited: ponding, subsidence,
Very limited: ponding, depth to
Very limited: flooding, ponding,
1,021.2
12.8%
flooding, depth to saturated zone,
saturated zone, subsidence, flooding
depth to saturated zone, subsidence,
organic matter content
seepage
GoA*
Goldsboro
Not limited
Not limited
Very limited: depth to saturated
19.0
0.2%
zone, slow water movement
Lf*
Leaf
Very limited: depth to saturated
Very limited: depth to saturated
Very limited: slow water movement,
758.4
9.5%
zone, shrink -swell
zone, low strength, shrink -swell
depth to saturated zone
Ln*
Lenoir
Somewhat limited: depth to
Very limited: low strength, shrink-
Very limited: slow water movement,
1,015.2
12.7%
saturated zone, shrink -swell
swell, depth to saturated zone
depth to saturated zone
Na*
Nahunta
Very limited: depth to saturated
Very limited: low strength, depth to
Very limited: depth to saturated
6.7
0.1%
zone
saturated zone
zone, slow water movement
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 28 August, 2009

Table 18 (continued)
Total
Map Symbol
Soil Series
Dwellings without Basements
Local Roads and Streets
Septic Tank Absorption Fields
Acreage
% of Total
NoA
Norfolk
Not limited
Somewhat limited: low strength
Somewhat limited: depth to
130.4
1.6%
saturated zone, slow water
movement
NoB
Norfolk
Not limited
Somewhat limited: low strength
Somewhat limited: depth to
83.9
1.1%
saturated zone, slow water
movement ,
Ra*
Rains
Very limited: depth to saturated
Very limited: depth to saturated
Very limited: depth to saturated
54.5
0.7%
zone
zone, low strength
zone, slow water movement
Ro*
Roanoke
Very limited: flooding, depth to
Very limited: depth to saturated
Very limited: flooding, slow water
912.1
11.4%
saturated zone, shrink -swell
zone, flooding, low strength, shrink-
movement, depth to saturated zone,
swell
seepage
5e*
Seabrook
Very limited: flooding
Somewhat limited: flooding
Very limited: depth to saturated
97.8
1.2%
zone, seepage, filtering capacity,
flooding
TaB
Tarboro
Very limited: flooding
Somewhat limited: flooding
Very limited: filtering capacity,
36.8
0.5%
seepage, flooding
Ud
Udorthents
Not limited
Not limited
Somewhat limited: slow water
36.8
0.5%
movement
Wa*
Wahee
Very limited: flooding, depth to
Very limited: low strength, depth to
Very limited: slow water movement,
330.6
4.1%
saturated zone, shrink -swell
saturated zone, shrink -swell, flooding
depth to saturated zone, seepage,
flooding
WkA
Wickham
Very limited: flooding
Somewhat limited: flooding
Somewhat limited: slow water
197.7
2.5%
movement, flooding
WkB
Wickham
Very limited: flooding
Somewhat limited: flooding
Somewhat limited: slow water
482.3
6.1%
movement, flooding
WkC*
Wickham
Very limited: flooding, slope
Somewhat limited: flooding
Somewhat limited: slow water
62.1
0.8%
movement, flooding, slope
WmB
Wickham
Very limited: flooding
Somewhat limited: flooding
Somewhat limited: slow water
289.1
3.6%
movement, flooding
WtD*
Winton
Somewhat limited: slope
Somewhat limited: slope
Very limited: depth to saturated
38.1
0.5%
zone, slow water movement, slope
w
Water
30.2
0.4%
TOTAL
7,969.7
100.09b
*Hydric soils.
Source: Soil Survey of Bertie County, North Carolina.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan
29
August, 2009

It is significant that 19 of the soil series in the Town of Windsor are hydric soils.
Those 19 include: Altavista fine sandy loam, Augusta fine sandy loam, Bibb and Johnston loams,
Bonneau loamy sand, Chewacla loam, Craven fine sandy loam (CrB, CrQ, Dogue sandy loam,
Dorovan mucky peat, Goldsboro sandy loam, Leaf loam, Lenoir fine sandy loam, Nahunta very
fine sandy loam, Rains sandy loam, Roanobe fine sandy loam, Seabrookz loamy sand, Wahee
sandy loam, Wickzham fine sandy loam, and Winton fine sandy loam. A total of 70.3% of the
Town's soils are hydric. A hydric soil is a soil which is saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough
during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part (anaerobic is
defined as a situation in which molecular oxygen is absent from the environment). These soils
may meet the definition of 404 wetland areas if found in combination with certain hydrophytic
vegetation and require permitting by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Wilmington Office prior
to any disturbance.
f. Prime Farmlands
Prime farmland is one of several kzinds of important farmland defined by the U5
Department of Agriculture. It is of major importance in providing the nation's short- and long-
range needs for food and fiber. The acreage of high -quality farmland is limited, and the US
Department of Agriculture recognizes that government at local, state, and federal levels, as
well as individuals, must encourage and facilitate the wise use of our nation's prime farmland.
Prime farmland soils, as defined by the US Department of Agriculture, are soils
that are best suited to producing food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops. Such soils have
properties that are favorable for the economic production of sustained high yields of crops. The
soils need only to be treated and managed using acceptable farming methods. The moisture
supply, of course, must be adequate, and the growing season has to be sufficiently long. Prime
farmland soils produce the highest yields with minimal inputs of energy and economic resources,
and farming these soils results in the least damage to the environment.
Prime farmland soils may presently be in use as cropland, pasture, or woodland,
or they may be in other uses. They either are used for producing food or fiber or are available
for these uses. Urban or built-up land and water areas cannot be considered prime farmland.
Urban or built-up land is any contiguous unit of land 10 acres of more in size that is used for
such purposes as housing, industrial, and commercial sites, sites for institutions or public
buildings, small parkzs, golf courses, cemeteries, railroad yards, airports, sanitary landfills, sewage
treatment plants, and water control structures. Public land is land not available for farming
in national forests, national parkzs, military reservations, and state parkzs.
Prime farmland soils usually get an adequate and dependable supply of
moisture from precipitation or irrigation. The temperature and growing season are favorable.
The acidity or alkalinity level of the soils is acceptable. The soils have few or no rocks and are
permeable to water and air. They are not excessively erodible or saturated with water for long
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 30 August, 2009

periods and are not flooded during the growing season. The slope ranges mainly from 0 to 6
percent.
About 5,354.8 acres, or 67.2916 of Windsor's planning jurisdiction, meets the soil
requirements for prime farmland. This farmland normally occurs on uplands and stream
terraces mainly in areas near major drainageways. The main crops are corn, soybeans, tobacco,
and wheat.
The soils that m&ze up prime farmland in Windsor are listed in this section and
are delineated on Map 6. This list does not constitute a recommendation for a particular land
use. The soils identified as prime farmland are:
All Areas are Prime Farmland
• AtA
Altavista fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes
• CrA
Craven fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes
• CrB
Craven fine sandy loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes
• DgA
Dogue sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
• DgB
Dogue sand loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes
• GoA
Goldsboro sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes
• NoA
Norfolh sandy loam, O to 2 percent slopes
• NoB
Norfolb sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes
• WhA
Wickzham fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
• WkzB
Wickzham fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes
Farmland of Statewide Importance
• BoB
Bonneau loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes
• CnB
Conetoe loamy sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes
• Lf
Leaf loam
• Ln
Lenoir fine sandy loam
• Wa
Wahee sandy loam
• WhC
Wickzham fine sandy loam, 6 to 10 percent slopes
• WtD
Winton fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes
Prime Farmland If Drained
• Au Augusta fine sandy loam
• Na Nahunta very fine sandy loam
• Ra Rains sandy loam
• Ch Chewacla loam, frequently flooded
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 31 August, 2009

,r
Assisi
� •="� '' SIP ♦ ••�� �p�

g. Water Supply
Bertie County is underlain by a sequence of sand, clay, and limestone that
becomes thiclger from west to east. These beds are about 400 feet thickz in the west and
increase to about 1,900 feet in thickness in the east. The upper sandy aquifer makzes up an
average of about 100 feet of these deposits. The limestone aquifer is in the southeastern part
of the county and is only a few inches thickt. The lower sandy aquifer makes up the rest of these
deposits. In the western third of the county, these deposits contain only fresh water in all but
a few areas. In the center of the county, the dept to brackish water is about 600 feet. The
depth decreases eastward, so that brackish water would probably be at a depth of less than
300 feet in the vicinity of the Chowan River estuary.
In the western part of the county, well yields of 500 gallons per minute should
be obtainable from the lower sandy aquifer, while in the center of the county, yields of 1,000
gallons or more of fresh water per minute may be obtained from the same aquifer. The
potential yields of wells in the eastern part of the county are uncertain but could be as much
as several hundred gallons per minute, depending upon the depth to brackish water. The
water from deep and shallow wells tends to be soft unless it is derived from the limestone
aquifer. Water from the upper sandy aquifer tends to be corrosive and can contain excessive
iron. Fresh water from the lower sandy aquifer tends to have a near neutral to high pH level
and a moderate to high concentration of dissolved solids and can have an excessive
concentration of fluoride.
h. Fragile Areas
Areas of Environmental Concern are the foundation of the Coastal Resources
Commission's permitting program for coastal development. An AEC is an area of natural
importance. It may be easily destroyed by erosion or flooding or it may have environmental,
social, economic, or aesthetic values that make it valuable.
The Coastal Resource Commission designates areas as AECs to protect them from
uncontrolled development that may cause irreversible damage to property, public health or
the environment, thereby diminishing their value to the entire state. Statewide, AECs cover
almost all coastal waters and less than 3% of the land in the 20 coastal counties.
Fragile areas are those areas that are not explicitly defined as AECs but that
could cause significant environmental damage or other diminution of quality of life if not
managed. These include wetlands, natural heritage areas, areas containing endangered
species, prime wildlife habitats, or maritime forests. These areas must be evaluated pursuant
to State regulations at 15A NCAC 7H for the CAMA Land Use Planning process.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 33 August, 2009

This section of the plan evaluates the following AECs and fragile areas in
Windsor: estuarine waters and shorelines, public trust areas, wetlands, and significant natural
heritage areas/protected lands.
(1) Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shorelines (AEC)
An estuary can be defined as a semi -enclosed coastal body of water that
has a free connection to the open sea and within which sea water is measurably diluted
with fresh water derived from land drainage. Estuaries serve as transition zones
between fresh and salt water and are protected from the full force of ocean wind and
waves by barrier islands, mudflats, and/or sand.
Estuaries provide significant environmental and economic benefits. The
sheltered waters support an abundance and diversity of plant and animal life, including
marine mammals, shore birds, fish, crabs, clams and other shellfish, and reptiles. A
number of marine organisms, including many of the commercially valuable fish species,
depend on the estuaries for spawning, nursing, or feeding.
Estuaries also serve as a water filtration system by removing sediments,
nutrients, and pollutants before they reach the ocean. Cleaner water is the result, which
benefits marine life and the people that inhabit the surrounding area. Estuaries also
assist with flood control, with porous salt marsh soils and grasses absorbing flood waters
and dissipating storm surges. They provide natural barriers between the land and the
ocean.
Estuarine shorelines are shorelines immediately adjacent to or bordering
estuarine waters. The areas are leeward of mean high tide and support the ecological
function of estuaries and are highly vulnerable to erosion caused by wind or water and
to damage caused by development. Development along estuarine shorelines can
exacerbate water quality problems within estuarine waters and expedite the threats
of shorefront erosion and flooding. In Windsor, estuarine waters and estuarine shorelines
are found along the Cashie River.
(2) Public Trust Areas
The North Carolina Division of Coastal Management (DCM) defines
public trust areas as the coastal waters and submerged lands that every North
Carolinian has the right to use for activities such as boating, swimming, or fishing. These
areas often overlap with estuarine waters, but they also include many inland fishing
waters. The following lands and waters are considered public trust areas:
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 34 August, 2009

• All waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands underneath, from the
normal high water marls on shore to the state's official boundary three
miles offshore;
• All navigable natural water bodies and the lands underneath, to the
normal high watermarl:? on shore (a body of water is considered
navigable if you can float a canoe in it). This does not include privately -
owned lal?es where the public doesn't have access rights;
• All water in artificially -created water bodies that have significant public
fishing resources and are accessible to the public from other waters; and
• All waters in artificially -created water bodies where the public has
acquired rights by prescription, custom, usage, dedication or any other
means.
Public trust areas must be delineated by on -site analysis. Under CAMA
regulations, all lands 30 feet leeward of public trust areas are subject to the restrictions
specified for estuarine shorelines.
(3) Wetlands
Wetlands are lands that are saturated or covered with a shallow layer
of water for part of the year and are not necessarily permanently wet. Many wetlands
occur in areas where surface water collects or where underground water discharges to
the surface, mating the area wet for extended periods of time. Coastal wetlands are
any marsh in a coastal area that regularly or occasionally floods by lunar or wind tide,
and that include certain plant species. Wetlands include a variety of natural systems
such as marshes, swamps, and pocosins. While they may not all loot the same, they
share certain characteristics such as wetland vegetation, hydric soils, and hydrologic
features.
Wetlands provide natural functions that benefit the area around them.
Wetlands are critical for water quality protection. Stormwater runoff that may have
toxins washes into water bodies contaminating them. Wetlands provide a buffer
between the two that traps sediment, removes nutrients, and detoxifies chemicals.
Wetlands are also useful for flood protection by storing water and slowly releasing it.
Wetlands assist with the stabilization of shorelines to protect from erosion, and they also
provide a safe wildlife habitat.
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act establishes a program to regulate the
discharge of dredged and fill material into waters of the United States, including
wetlands. Activities in waters of the United States that are regulated under this
program include fills for development, water resource projects (such as dams and
levees), infrastructure development (such as highways and airports), and conversion of
wetlands to uplands for farming and forestry. The basic premise of the program is that
no discharge of dredged or fill material can be permitted if a practicable alternative
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 35 August, 2009

exists that is less damaging to the aquatic environment or if the nation's waters would
be significantly degraded. On -site evaluation is needed to determine the exact
locations of 404 wetlands.
Section 401 of the Clean Water Act states that any activity requiring a
Federal 404 permit (a US Army Corps of Engineers permit for the discharge of dredged
or fill material) that results in a discharge to waters or wetlands, then a 401 Water
Quality Classification is also required. When the state issues a 401 classification, this
certifies that a given project will not degrade waters of the state or otherwise violate
water quality standards.
According to the North Carolina Coastal Regional Evaluation of Wetland
Significance (NC -CREWS), approximately 23% of Windsor is considered to be a wetland.
The types of wetlands found in Windsor are listed in the following table. The locations
of these wetlands are shown on Map 7.
Table 19. Town of Windsor Wetlands
Wetland Name Acres % of Town Acreage
Bottomland Hardwood 61.5 0.77%
Cleared Bottomland Hardwood 1.2 0.02%
Cleared Depressional Swamp Forest 1.2 0.02%
Cleared Hardwood Flat 0.2 0.00%
Cleared Headwater Swamp 2.7 0.03%
Cutover Bottomland Hardwood 2.4 0.03%
Cutover Depressional Swamp Forest 3.3 0.04%
Cutover Hardwood Swamp 1.3 0.02%
Cutover Hardwood Flat 13.5 0.17%
Depressional Swamp Forest 125.0 1.57%
Freshwater Marsh 0.4 0.01%
Hardwood Flat 97.3 1.22%
Headwater Swamp 35.2 0.44%
Human Impacted 19.0 0.24%
Managed Pineland 364.2 4.57%
Riverine Swamp Forest 1,114.9 13.99%
Total 1,843.3 23.13%
Source: North Carolina Division of Coastal Management, Wetland Inventory.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 36 August, 2009

MAP 7
Town of Windsor
Bertie County, NC
Land Use Plan
Wetlands
Legend
OWindsor Town Limits
Cutover Depressional Swamp Forest
OET1
Cutover Hardwood Flat
Hydrology
Cutover Headwater Swamp
Wetlands
+
Depressional Swamp Forest
Bottomland Hardwood
i
Freshwater Marsh
Cleared Bottomland Hardwood
Hardwood Flat
Cleared Depressional Swamp Forest
r 3 5
Headwater Swamp
Cleared Hardwood Flat
Human Impacted
Cleared Headwater Swamp
i
Managed Pineland
Cutover Bottomland Hardwood
Riverine Swamp Forest
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
1 inch = 2,800 feet
Feet
0 1,750 3,500 7,000 10,500
,jfol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
Page 37

(4) Significant Natural Heritage Areas/Protected Lands
Natural resource fragile areas are generally recognized to be of
educational, scientific, or cultural value because of the natural features of the particular
site. Features in these areas serve to distinguish them from the vast majority of the
landscape. These areas include complex natural areas, areas that sustain remnant
species, pocosins, wooded swamps, prime wildlife habitats, or registered natural
landmarkzs.
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program of the Division of Parkzs
and Recreation worts to identify and facilitate protection of the most ecologically
significant natural areas remaining in the state. Natural areas may be identified
because they provide important habitat for rare species or because they contain
outstanding examples of the rich natural diversity of this state.
There are numerous significant protected lands and natural heritage
areas in Bertie County. The County is an environmentally rich area. All of the
significant natural heritage areas and protected lands which fall within the Town of
Windsor planning jurisdiction are identified in Table 20 and delineated on Map 8.
Table 20. Town of Windsor Significant Natural Heritage Areas/Protected Lands (Refer to Map 8)
% of Total
Map Ref.# Significant Natural Area Site Acres Town Acres
1 Roquist Cre&/Cashie River Swamp 0.49 0.01%
of Total
Map Ref.# Protected Lands Acres Town Acres
2 CCPS Windsor National Guard Armory 4.40 0.06%
3 CORR New Bertie County Correctional Facility 135.80 1.70%
4 DOT Maintenance Yard - Windsor 3.20 0.04%
5 WRC Cashie River Game Land 20.10 0.25%
6 WRC Windsor Boat Access Area 2.70 0.03%
TOTAL 166.69 2.09%
Source: North Carolina CIA, North Carolina Parizs & Recreation, Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
(5) Slopes in Excess of 12916
Areas of excessive slope are considered to be areas with slopes in excess
of 12%. The topography within Windsor is relatively flat; however, some areas along the
Cashie River may be exceptions. According to the Soil Survey of Bertie County, North
Carolina, there is only one soil with the possibility of being in excess of 12% in Windsor's
planning jurisdiction. Excess slope has had little impact on land use and/or development
within Windsor.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 38 August, 2009

Town of Windsor
Bertie County, NC
Land Use Plan
Significant
Natural Heritage Areas
and Protected Lands
Legend
CDWindsor Town Limits
O ETJ
Significant Natural Heritage Areas
1. ROQUIST CREEK/CASHIE RIVER SWAMP
Protected Lands
2. CCPS WINDSOR NATIONAL GUARD ARMORY
3. CORR NEW BERTIE CO. CORRECTIONAL FACILITY
4. DOT MAINTENANCE YARD-WINDSOR
5. WRC CASHIE RIVER GAME LAND
6. WRC WINDSOR BOAT ACCESS AREA
W
1 inch = 2,600 feet
F-1_J U l I Feet
0 1,750 3,500 7,000 10,500
ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
Page 39

(6) Excessive Erosion Areas
Excessive erosion of shoreline areas has not been a problem within
Windsor's planning jurisdiction.
Areas of Resource Potential
(1) Regionally Significant Parks
There are several recreational facilities located within Windsor. They are
identified in the Analysis of Existing Community Facilities/Services. Both the Livermon
Parkz and Mini Zoo and the Roanobe-Cashie River Center are public parkzs located
within the Town's planning jurisdiction which have regional significance.
(2) Marinas and Mooring Fields
Marinas are defined as any publicly- or privately -owned docb, basin, or
wet boat storage facility constructed to accommodate more than ten boats and
providing any of the following services: permanent or transient docking spaces, dry
storage, fueling facilities, haulout facilities, and repair service. Excluded from this
definition are boat ramp facilities allowing access only, temporary dodzing, and none
of the preceding services.
A "freestanding mooring" is any means to attach a ship, boat, vessel,
floating structure, or other water craft to a stationary underwater device, mooring
buoy, buoyed anchor, or piling (not associated with an existing pier, clod?, or
boathouse). When more than one freestanding mooring is used in the same general
vicinity it is commonly referred to as a mooring field. The Town of Windsor has not
regulated the establishment of mooring fields within its planning jurisdiction and they
have not been a problem.
(3) Floating Homes
A floating home or structure is any structure, not a boat, supported by
a means of flotation, designed to be used without a permanent foundation, which is
used or intended for human habitation or commerce. A structure will be considered a
floating structure when it is inhabited or used for commercial purposes for more than
thirty days in any one location. A boat may be deemed a floating structure when its
means of propulsion has been removed or rendered inoperative and it contains at least
200 square feet of living space area. Currently, there are no floating homes located
within Windsor's planning jurisdiction.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 40 August, 2009

(4) Aquaculture
As defined under N.C. General Statute 106-758, aquaculture is the
propagation and rearing of aquatic species in controlled or selected environments,
including, but not limited to ocean ranching. Aquaculture has not been an issue in the
Windsor planning jurisdiction.
(5) Channel Maintenance
The Cashie River provides a route for fisherman and recreational boat
traffic. Proper maintenance of channels is very important to Windsor. If silt or other
deposits fill in the channels, safe and efficient movement of vessels could be impeded.
At the present time, there is no channel maintenance program in Windsor.
(6) Marine Resources (Water Quality)
The North Carolina Division of Water Quality assigns water quality
classifications to all named waters of the State of North Carolina. The classifications are
based upon the existing or contemplated best usage of the various streams and
segments of streams within a basin, as determined through studies, evaluations, and
comments received at public hearings. The state water classification system is
summarized in Table 21.
Table 21. NC Division of Water Quality Water Body Classifications
PRIMARY FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER CLASSIFICATIONS*
CLASS
BEST USES
C and SC
Aquatic life propagation/protection and secondary recreation
B and SB
Primary recreation and Class C uses
SA
Waters classified for commercial shellfish harvesting
WS
Water Supply watershed. There are five WS classes ranging from WS-I through WS-
V. W5 classifications are assigned to watersheds based on land use characteristics of
the area. Each water supply classification has a set of management strategies to
protect the surface water supply. WS-1 provides the highest level of protection and
WS-V provides the least protection. A Critical Area (CA) designation is also listed for
watershed areas within a half -mile and draining to the water supply intalze or
reservoir where an intakre is located.
SUPPLEMENTAL CLASSIFICATIONS
CLASS
BEST USES
Sw
Swamp Waters. Recognizes waters that will naturally be more acidic (have lower
pH values) and have lower levels of dissolved oxygen.
Tr
Trout Waters Provides protection to freshwaters for natural trout propagation and
survival of stockeed trout.
HQW
High Quality Waters Waters possessing special qualities including excellent water
quality, Native or Special Native Trout Waters, Critical habitat areas, or WS-1 and
WS-II water supplies.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 41 August, 2009

Table 21 (continued)
CLASS BEST USES
ORW Outstanding Resource Waters Unique and special surface waters that are
unimpacted by pollution and have some outstanding resource values.
NSW Nutrient Sensitive Waters Areas with water quality problems associated with
excessive plant growth resulting from nutrient enrichment.
* Primary classifications beginning with an "S" are assigned to saltwaters.
Source: NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
Water quality classifications vary slightly within Windsor's planning jurisdiction.
Table 22 provides a listing of all water bodies within the Windsor area that are classified
by the NC Division of Water Quality along with their assigned classification. There are
no HQW/ORW waters or shellfishing waters located within Windsor's planning
jurisdiction.
Table 22. Town of Windsor Water Bodies and Classifications
Name of Stream Description Current Classification Stream Index #
Cashie River From source to a point 1.0 mile upstream C; Sw 24-2-(1)
from Bettie County SR 1500
Cashie River From a point 1.0 mile upstream from Bettie B; Sw 24-2-(9)
County SR 1500 to the Thoroughfare (the
Gut between Cashie and Roanol?e Rivers)
Source: NC Division of Water Quality.
Primary nursery areas, as defined by the Marine Fisheries Commission, are those
areas in the estuarine system where initial post -larval development takes place. These
areas are usually located in the uppermost sections of a system where populations are
uniformly very early juveniles. The Division of Marine Fisheries is responsible for
preserving, protecting, and developing primary nursery areas for commercially
important finfish and shellfish. There are currently no primary nursery areas located
within Windsor's jurisdiction.
2. Environmental Composite Map
The environmental composite map (Map 9) is a requirement under the new CAMA
Land Use Planning guidelines [15A NCAC 7B.0702 (c)(2)]. Environmental data layers were
assigned to a class based on CAMA regulations. Three classes are identified and all land masses,
developed and undeveloped, are considered. The ultimate intent of the map is to rank the
suitability of all land based on the environmental criteria. The layers used, and their assigned
classes, are outlined in the following table. The categories utilized are as follows:
Class Is Land that contains only minimal hazards and limitations that can be
addressed by commonly accepted land planning and development practices.
Class I land will generally support the more intensive types of land uses and
development.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan
42
August, 2009

Class 11a Land that has hazards and limitations for development that can be
addressed by restrictions on land uses, special site planning, or the provision of
public services such as water and sewer. Land in this class will generally support
only the less intensive uses, such as low density residential, without significant
investment in services.
Class Ilia Land that has serious hazards and limitations. Land in this class will
generally support very low intensity uses, such as conservation and open space.
Table 23. Town of Windsor Environmental Composite Map Layers
Layer
Class I
Class II
Class III
Coastal Wetlands
x
Exceptional or Substantial Non -Coastal Wetlands
x
Beneficial Non -Coastal Wetlands
x
Estuarine Waters
x
Flood Zones
x
Storm Surge Areas
X
HQWIORW Watersheds
X
Water Supply Watersheds
X
Significant Natural Heritage Areas
X
Protected Lands
x

MAP 9
Town of Windsor
Bertie County, NC
Land Use Plan
Environmental Composite
Legend
Windsor Town Limits
ETJ
Hydrology
Environmental Composite
Class 1
Class 2
06 Class 3
1 inch = 3,000 feet
Miles
0 0.25 0.5 1 1.5
rffcp
1'-ffolland Planners, Inc.
Page 44

3. Environmental Conditions
(Water Quality, Natural Hazards, and Natural Resources)
Basinwide water quality planning is a watershed -based approach to restoring and
protecting the quality of North Carolina's surface waters. Basinwide water quality plans are
prepared by the NC Division of Water Quality for each of the 17 major river basins in the state.
Each basinwide plan is revised at 5-year intervals. The Town of Windsor is located in the
Roanokze River Basin. Water quality has basinwide implications and does not start or stop at
geo-political boundaries; therefore, the Town of Windsor is affected by the water quality within
the entire basin as a whole. The first Basinwide Water Quality Plan for the Roanohe River
Basin was completed in 1996, the second in 2001, and the third in 2006 (which remains the
current, applicable plan). The following are the goals of basinwide program:
• Identify water quality problems and restore full use to Impaired waters.
• _ Identify and protect high value resource waters.
• Protect unimpaired waters while allowing for reasonable economic growth.
These goals are accomplished through the following objectives:
• Assure equitable distribution of waste assimilative capacity.
• Better evaluate cumulative effects of pollution.
• Improve public awareness and involvement.
As existing and future land uses are considered within Windsor, these goals should be
kept in mind.
Windsor is located entirely within the Roanokze River Basin's subbasin 03-02-10. The
Roanobe River Basin and subbasin 03-02-10 boundaries are shown on Map 10.
The following provides a summary of existing conditions in the Roanolge River Basin and
subbasin 03-02-10 along with the DWQ recommendations from the 2006 Basinwide Plan:
a. Water Quality (Roanobe River Basin)
The Roanoke River begins in the Blue Ridge Mountains of northwestern Virginia
and flows in a generally southeastern direction for 400 miles before emptying into the
Albemarle Sound in eastern North Carolina. By the time it reaches the fall line near Roanohe
Rapids, it has captured water from nearly 8,000 square miles of land. From Roanokge Rapids
to the coast, the river drains another 2,000 square miles, carrying more water than any other
river in North Carolina. The North Carolina portion of the basin (roughly 36% of the entire
watershed) is composed of two major drainages: the Dan River and its tributaries in the western
section; and the Roanoke River from Virginia to the Albemarle Sound in the eastern section.
The Roanoke River enters North Carolina through John H. Kerr Reservoir and then flows into
Lake Gaston and Roanoke Rapids lake before regaining its riverine form.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 45 August, 2009

Town o, Win.sor,
Bertie County, North Carolina
[aNanetoNauUa¢w� !�amr�sns rw�s.
N North Carolina
Wli River Basins and Subbasins
S
HIWASSEE
rn
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Mil',
0 I', 317 60 90 IJO

The Roanobe River Basin encompasses all
or portions of 15 counties and 42 municipalities. In 2000,
the overall population in the basin was 344,638. The
most populated areas are located north of the Winston-
Salem/Greensboro area, and around the larger
municipalities in the basin, such as Roanoke Rapids,
Eden, Williamston, and Plymouth.
Population in Forsyth, Granville, Persons,
and Stokes counties is projected to increase 20-30
percent from 2000 to 2020. Between 1990 and 2000,
the fastest growing county was Granville, which had an
increase of 20.9 percent and is expected to grow by
another 29.3 percent by 2020 for an estimated total
population of 68,600 people. Expanding populations
are typically characterized by a loss of natural areas and
an increase in impervious surfaces. Growing populations
not only require more water, but they also lead to the
discharge and runoff of greater quantities of waste and
pollutants into the state's streams and groundwater. The
impacts on rivers, lakes and streams can be significant
and permanent if stormwater runoff is not controlled.
Just as demand and use increases, some of the potential
water supply is also lost.
b. Water Quality (Subbasin 03-02-10)
Roanoke River Basin ltatiltief
(North Carolina Portion)
Total area: 3,503 sq. miles
Freshwater Stream Miles: 2,213
No. of Counties:15
No. of Municipalities: 42
No. of Subbasins: 10
Population (2000): 344,638
Pop. Density (2000): 98 persons/sq. mi.
Water Quality itatisties
Aquatic Life
Monitored Streams: 37.8%
Supporting: 30.0%
Impaired: 5.7%
Not Rated: 4.2%
Recreation
Monitored Streams: 10.5%
Supporting: 8.1%
Impaired: 2.0%
Not Rated: 4.3%
Identified Water Quality Stressors
Habitat Degradation: 223 miles
Fecal Coliform Bacteria: 87.4 miles
Low Dissolved Oxygen: 70.4 miles
Turbidity: 58.6 miles
Toxic Impacts: 25.5 miles
*Estimated based on % of county land area
that is partially or entirely within the basin,
not the entire county population.
Windsor is located in subbasin 03-02-10. The
subbasin is located entirely within the lower coastal plain.
Most of the streams are slow moving and often stop flowing in
the summer months. This subbasin is the least densely
populated and has the lowest estimated population projection
in the entire river basin. Most of this subbasin is located in
Bertie County, which is expected to decrease by 8% in
population by 2020. There are three individual NPDES
wastewater discharge permits in subbasin 03-02-10 and three
registered animal operations.
Use support ratings were assigned for waters in
subbasin 03-02-10 in the aquatic life, recreation, fish
consumption, and water supply categories. All waters are
Impaired on an evaluated basis in the fish consumption
category because of fish consumption advice that applies to
iubbasin 03-02-10 Description
Land and Water
Total area:
307 mi'
Land area:
290 miZ
Water area:
z
17 mi
Population Statistics
2000 Est. pop.:
8,192 people
Pop. density:
27 persons/miZ
Land Cover
Forest/Wetland:
79.2%
Surface Water:
0.6%
Urban:
0.3%
Cultivated Crop:
19.41/o
Pasture/Managed
Herbaceous:
0.6%
Monitored Stream Statistics
Aquatic Life
Total Streams:
79.0 mi
Total Supporting:
79.0 mi
Recreation
Total Streams:
15.2 mi
Total Supporting:
15.2 mi
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 47
August, 2009

the entire basin. In the water supply category, all waters are Supporting on an evaluated basis
based on reports from DEH regional water treatment plant consultants. The following table
summarizes water quality testing in subbasin 03-02-10.
Table 25. Subbasin 03-02-10 Water Quality
Aquatic Life Rating Summary Recreation Rating Summary Fish Consumption Rating Summary
5 m 79.0 FW miles 5 m 15.2 FW miles I e 156.1 FW miles
ND 77.1 FW miles ND 140.9 FW miles
5 = Supporting, I = Impaired, ND = No data, m = Monitored, e = Evaluated, FW = Freshwater
Source: 2006 Roanolze River Basinwide Water Quality Plan.
The following recommendations were provided in the Water Quality
Management Plan for waterbodies in Windsor.
Cashie River
2001 Recommendation. DWQ will continue to monitor fish tissue in the Cashie
River and will worn to identify sources of mercury.
Current Status and 2006 Recommendations. The Cashie River is Supporting for
aquatic life and recreation. All waters within the Roanohe River basin are Impaired on
an evaluated basis in the fish consumption category. This is based on a fish consumption
advise from the NC Department of Health and Human Services. Largemouth bass,
sunfish, yellow perch, and catfish samples were collected from the Cashie River near
Windsor during 2003 and analyzed for mercury contamination. The samples were
collected as part of an eastern North Carolina mercury assessment. Largemouth bass,
yellow perch, and redear sunfish (10 of 23 samples) contained mercury concentrations
exceeding the state criteria of 0.4 ppm. Mercury levels in all samples ranged from 0.09
to 1.5 ppm. In 2004, DWQ developed a draft Mercury TMDL for the Cashie River. The
draft TMDL has been submitted to the USEPA for final approval. DWQ will continue
to monitor the Cashie River.
In the Roanoke River Basin, there are a variety of water quality stressors. These
include, but are not limited to, habitat degradation, low dissolved oxygen, turbidity, fecal
coliform bacteria, dioxin, and mercury in fish tissue. While some of these occur naturally,
management of various land use activities may be needed to maintain water quality. Actions
that can reduce impacts to coastal waters are: 5tormwater Control Program Improvements
and Growth Management Initiatives.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 48 August, 2009

C. Registered Animal Operations within the Roanohe River Basin
The following table provides a summary of registered animal operations within
Roanokze River subbasin 03-02-10. The numbers only reflect those operations required by law
to be registered. There are no registered cattle or poultry operations in the subbasin.
Table 26. Roanolze River Basin-Subbasin 03-02-10 Registered Animal Operations
Swine*
Total Steady State Live
Subbasin No. of Facilities No. of Animals Weight**
03-02-10 3 6,360 2,426,080
*There are no other registered animal operations located within subbasin 03-02-10.
**Steady State Live Weight (551W) is the result, in pounds, after a conversion factor has been applied to the number (head
count)of swine, cattle, or poultry on a farm. The conversion factors, which come from the Natural Resource Conservation
Service (NRCS) guidelines, vary depending on the type of animals on the farm and the type of operation (for example, there
are five types of hog farms). Since the amount of waste produced varies by the size of the animal, S5LW is the best way to
compare the sizes of the farms.
Source: NC Division of Water Quality 2006 Roanoke River Basinwide Water Quality Plan.
d. Growth Trends
The Roanokze River Basinwide Water Quality Plan projects population growth
between 2000 and 2020 for counties in the basin. Since river basin boundaries do not coincide
with county boundaries, these numbers are not directly applicable to the Roanolze River Basin.
They are estimates of countywide population changes.
Population growth trends for the basin between 2000 and 2020 indicate five
counties with growth rates in excess of 20% and four counties with growth rates of 10% to 20%
with a total estimated population increase for counties in the basin of 18.6%. According to the
Water Quality Plan, Bertie County is expected to experience a 7.8% population decrease
between 2000 and 2020. NOTE: The NC Office of State Planning shows a population decrease
of 5.6% for the same period.
e. Natural Hazards/Natural Resources
For detailed information on natural hazards and natural resources in Windsor,
refer to Sections V.E.1.c (page 20), V.E.1.h (page 33), and V.E.1.i (page 40). In addition, refer to
Sections V.F.2, 3, and 4 of the Analysis of Land Use and Development (pages 52-56) for
information regarding conflicts between land use, water quality, natural hazards, and natural
resources.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan
49
August, 2009

F. Analysis of Land Use and Development
1. Introduction
In order to address future development within Windsor's planning jurisdiction, it is
necessary to establish a snapshot of how the Town's planning jurisdiction is currently developed.
This is achieved by conducting an existing land use survey. The survey assists in identifying land
use patterns, conflicts, and trends that exist within the planning jurisdiction. The process and
data associated with it will provide a solid foundation for decisions about future land use and
policy development.
An existing land use survey was conducted for the entire planning jurisdiction. Land use
data, obtained from the Bertie County Geographic Information Systems Department, and on -
site windshield surveys were used to complete the survey. Land use within Windsor was divided
into the following land use categories:
• Residential: A detached building designed for or occupied exclusively by one
family; residential buildings designed for or occupied by two or more families,
with the number of families in residence not exceeding the number of dwelling
units provided; and mobile home parlgs.
• Commercials Land is used for retailing, commercial, and service uses. This
includes land used for office parlgs, commercial warehousing, assembly and
manufacturing, and research facilities (includes some utilities).
• Office A Institutional: Land for business, office, and institutional needs.
• Rural Residential/Agricultural: Land used for agricultural purposes.
• Recreations Land used for active and/or passive recreation pursuits.
• Vacant: Undeveloped land.
Map 11 depicts the locations of land uses within Windsor. Table 27 summarizes the land
use acreages. According to this information, residential land use comprises approximately 37.5%
of Windsor's corporate area, but only 12.8% of its total planning jurisdiction. Office and
Institutional is the second largest land use within the corporate limits. Within the total planning
jurisdiction, agricultural/low density residential is the largest land use.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 50 August, 2009

MAP 11
Town of Windsor
Bertie County, NC
Land Use Plan
Existing Land Use
Legend
OWindsor Town Limits
O ETJ
Existing Land Use
Commercial
r Office & Institutional
Residential
Rural/Residential/Agricultural
Recreational
Vacant
N
W E
S
1 inch = 2,600 feet
Feet
0 1,650 3,300 6,600 9,900
ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
Page 51

Table 27. Town of Windsor Existing Land Use Acreages
Corporate Limits ET) Planning Jurisdiction
Land Use Acres % of Total Acres % of Total Acres % of Total
Commercial 259.9 17.5% 657.6 11.0% 917.4 12.3%
Office & Institutional 291.7 19.6% 2.4 0.0% 294.1 3.9%
Residential 557.3 37.5% 398.0 6.6% 955.3 12.8%
Rural Residential/Agricultural 110.8 7.5% 4,772.1 79.6% 4,882.9 65.3%
Recreational 32.0 2.2% 6.0 0.1% 38.0 0.5%
Vacant Land 234.3 15.8% 160.1 2.7% 394.3 5.3%
Total 1,485.9 100.0% 5,996.1 100.0% 7,482.0 100.0%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
2. Land Use Conflicts
Land use conflicts often exist within a Town's planning jurisdiction resulting from a
variety of circumstances. Issues leading to land use conflicts can result from a lackz of proper
land use controls, demand for increased development, and development of land not suited for
a particular land use. Land use conflicts that exist within Windsor are discussed below.
The vulnerability of Windsor to riverine flooding from the Cashie River and hurricanes
was discussed in the Natural Systems Analysis portion of this document. The Town recognizes
that development within flood hazard inundation areas is going to occur due to the Town's
location along the Cashie River. The Town's strategy to address this issue will be to continue
enforcement of land use controls that increase the safety of residential and non-residential
structures that are built within defined flood zones. Additionally, the Town is a participant in
the Bertie County Hazard Mitigation Plan that describes the hazards to which Windsor is
susceptible, the vulnerability of the Town to those hazards, and the capability of the Town to
respond during and after hazards. The plan also provides specific goals, objectives, and
implementing actions that will be carried out to increase the safety of residents and property
in the event of a natural disaster.
3. Development Trends
Growth within the Town's planning jurisdiction has been slow. From 1980 to 2000, the
average annual increase in dwelling units was approximately 10. In addition, in 2000, only
14.8% of the Town's housing stocky was less than ten years old. Limited population growth will
continue to impede development. However, the Town has strong development potential which
will continue to be supported by the following factors:
• The Town is financially stable.
• The Town continues to have an aggressive expansion/extension policy for its
sewage collection and treatment system.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 52 August, 2009

• The Town has a standard stable inventory of single-family dwellings which will
provide a foundation for further residential development.
• The Town has quality health care facilities, including facilities for the aged.
• The Town will continue to protect its historically significant structures and its
historic district. This effort will enhance the town's appearance and overall
quality of life.
• The Town has regionally significant parkzs which includes the Livermon
Recreational Parkz and Mini -Zoo and the Cashie River Parl? and Wetlands Walkz.
• The Town has a policy of supporting the development of "clean" industries which
are free of hazardous materials and waste.
• The Town's infrastructure systems are maintained in good condition.
• The Windsor Area Chamber of Commerce actively promotes the assets of the
area to travelers, non-residents, businesses, and industries.
The environmental composite map (Map 9) was discussed in the Natural Systems
Analysis section of the plan. The map is intended to delineate the Town's jurisdiction in
accordance with environmentally sensitive areas. All land masses were assigned an
environmental composite class based on CAMA regulations (see Table 23, page 43). The
following table provides a summary of how the undeveloped parcels in Windsor relate to the
classes established on the environmental composite map. If a parcel was located in more than
one class as defined in the analysis, the most environmentally sensitive class was assigned to the
parcel.
Table 28. Town of Windsor Undeveloped Land in Relation to the Environmental Composite Analysis (Classes I - III)
Environmental Composite
Acreage
% of Total
Class 1
77.9
13.3%
Class II
478.6
81.4%
Class III
31.5
5.4%
Total
588.0
100.0%
source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc., and NC Center for Geographic Analysis.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan
53
August, 2009

4. Projections of Future Land Needs
Population projections for Windsor are provided in Section V.D. Based on that
information, the population in the Town may reach 2,451 by 2030. That population is an
increase of 166 from the 2005 estimate reported by the State Data Center. The average
household size, taken from the 2000 US Census, is 2.43 persons per household. If the average
household size is applied to the population increase, the number of dwelling units needed in
Windsor will be 68 dwelling units by 2030. That number of dwelling units averages out to
approximately 2.7 units needed per year during the time period. It should be noted that in
2002, there were approximately 142 vacant year-round dwelling units located in Windsor.
According to the Land Suitability Analysis, there are 180.6 acres of undeveloped land that is
considered Highly Suitable for development. The Town has enough land and/or vacant
dwelling units to accommodate the population projection. New construction will be selective
and not driven by availability. No significant land use changes are anticipated.
5. Historic, Cultural, and Scenic Areas
Windsor includes numerous historically significant sites. One of the town's most
important assets is the Windsor Historic District, which was approved for inclusion in the
National Register of Historic Places on July 29,1991. The district is primarily located in Windsor's
Central Business District and generally defined as the area of King Street between Byrd and
Water Streets, and Queen Street from Camden Street to Water Street.
In addition to the Historic District, the following structures are of architectural or historic
interest, or are specifically listed in the National Register. Map 12 delineates the locations of the
National Register sites located within Windsor's planning jurisdiction.
National Register
Bertie County Courthouse, Windsor (5/10/1979)
Bertie Memorial Hospital, Windsor (6/22/2004)
Elmwood (Watson-Mardre House), Windsor vicinity (6/8/1982)
Freeman Hotel, Windsor (9/9/1982)
Hope Plantation, Windsor vicinity (4/17/1970)
Jordan House, Windsor vicinity (8/26/1971)
King House (King -Bazemore House), Windsor vicinity (8/26/1971)
RELISTED 12/2/1982 after move
Rosefield, Windsor (8/26/1982)
Other Places of Architectural/Historic Interest
Earley House, 402 South Queen Street
The Inn at Gray's Landing, 401 South King Street
Gray-Gillam House, 305 South King Street
Mardre-Roscoe House, 208 South King Street
Freeman-Mizelle House,101 West Granville Street
L.F. Pierce House, 304 North King Street
St. Thomas Episcopal Church, 207 West Gray Street
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 54 August, 2009

Other Places of ArchitecturaUHistoric Interest (continued)
Spelling -Bond -Sutton House, 402 South King Street
Webb-Askzew-Mizelle House, 308 South King Street
Matthews -Williford House, 204 South King Street
Dr. Henry Vaughan Dunstan's Office,127 North King Street
Cherry House, 403 Yorlq Street
E. S. Dail House, 313 King Street
Britton -Bell House, 407 South King Street
P. R. Gillam, 5r. House, 301 South King Street
Cashie Baptist Church, 203-205 South Queen Street
T. P. Gurley House, 111 South Queen Street
W. L. Lyon House,102 South Queen Street
Pritchard-Gillam-Outlaw House,103 South Queen Street
R. C. Bazemore General Store,112-114 East Granville Street
Haggard's Barber Shop,109 East Granville Street
Windsor Small Business Center,119 East Granville Street
Joyner and Associates,129 East Granville Street
Butler House, 306 South King Street
One Room School House, North King Street
A. E. Bowen and Sons Wholesale, 209 North King Street
J. P. Freeman House, 310 North King Street
Dr. Rachel Lutton Boyce House, 212 North King Street
Powell and Stokes Warehouse, 204-206 North King Street
Masonic Lodge Building,118 South King Street
Bertie Arts Council,124 South King Street
Windsor Municipal Building,128 South King Street
Richard W. Cooper Agency,103 South King Street
1. B. Cherry Agency,105 South King Street
Ivey Lane Florist,119 South King Street
Spruill Building,125-127 South King Street
Windsor Market Place Antiques,129 South King Street
Wilson-Nicholls-Gillam-Hoggard House, 302 South King Street
Sheriff John W. Cooper House, 310 South King Street
In addition to the historic sites, there may be archaeologically significant sites scattered
throughout Windsor's planning jurisdiction. In particular, the Windsor area is considered an
ancient Indian habitat. As a result, anyone undertal2ing land -disturbing activities in Windsor
should contact the NC Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 55 August, 2009

Legend
OWindsor Town Limits
Hydrology
13
Town of Windsor Historic District
Historic
Sites
Bertie County Courthouse
Bertie Memorial Hospital
Freeman Hotel
Rosefield
1 inch = 500 feet
Feet
0 175 350 700 1,050
N'
MAP 12
Town of Windsor
Bertie County, NC
Land Use Plan
Historic District
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
r
w 1.
ol�� Consulting Planners, Inc.
Page 56

G. Analysis of Existing Community Facilities/Services
Map 13 provides the locations of Windsor's community facilities.
L Transportation
US Highways 13 and 17 and NC Highway 308 are the major transportation routes in
Windsor. US Highway 13 connects Windsor to Ahoskrie on the north and to Williamston on the
south. US Highway 17 connects the Town with Williamston to the south and Edenton to the
east. NC Highway 308 crosses Bertie County in a north -south direction and connects Windsor
with NC Highways 42 to the west and 45 to the east. Windsor is located within the North
Carolina Department of Transportation's (NCDOT) Division 1. According to the NCDOT
Division 1 2009-2015 Transportation Improvement Program, there are two projects planned
within Windsor. The projects include the widening of US Highway 13 to multi -lanes and a
bridge replacement.
NCDOT reported that, in 2005, the highest annual average daily traffic counts (AADT)
occurred along US Highway 13 Bypass, US Highway 13 Business, and US Highway 17/NC
Highway 308. The AADT was 16,000, a 23% increase since 2003, at a point on US Highway 17
just south of US Highway 13 Business. There was an 11.6% increase in the AADT, between 2003
and 2005, at a point on US Highway 17 east of the intersection with NC Highway 308 on the
east side of town. There was a 19.7% increase in the AADT, between 2003 and 2005, at a point
on US Highway 13 just south of the intersection with State Road 1227. Map 14 indicates these
and additional 2005 NCDOT traffic counts for the Windsor area. There are currently no roads
deemed to have an unacceptable service level by NCDOT.
2. Health Care
Residents of Windsor are served by Bertie Memorial Hospital. The hospital, located at
1403 South King Street, is one of seven hospitals that makze up the University Health Systems
of North Carolina. The hospital has 6 beds and provides surgical, emergency and diagnostic
services, and specialty and primary clinics and has a telemedicine lintq with the Brody School of
Medicine at East Carolina University. Cashie Medical Center, located inside the hospital,
provides the following services: family medicine, well child,, sick child, drug screenings, and
annual physical exams. University Home Care of Cashie, a home healthcare agency is also
affiliated with the hospital. Following are some of the out -patient services provided at the
facility.
• Dermatology
• Diabetes Counseling
• 24 hour Emergency Department
• Laboratory
• HealthDirect - 24 hour nurse advice line
• Occupational Therapy
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 57 August, 2009

• Outpatient Specialty Clinics
► Cardiology
► Gastroenterology
► General Surgical
► Nephrology
► OB/GYN
► Orthopaedics
► Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
► Podiatry
► Pulmonary
► Urology
• Pediatric Asthma Program
• Physical Therapy
► Medical -Surgical
► Pediatrics
• Speech Therapy
• _ Surgical Specialties
► Breast
► Endoscopic
► Gastrointestinal
► General
► Gynecology
► Opthamology
► Orthopaedic
► Podiatry
► Urology
3. Law Enforcement
Law enforcement is provided to the area by the Town of Windsor Police Department,
located at 128 South King Street. The department has one (1) Chief, one (1) Lieutenant, one (1)
Sargent/Investigator, two (2) corporals, and two (2) patrol officers. Officers have their own cars
and utilize radars and three Mobile Data Computers. There are two (2) in -car cameras, but
the Town would likze to have additional cameras. The department responds to 3,000 to 4,000
calls per year. Emergency calls to the department are dispatched through Bertie County
Communications.
According to crime data obtained from the State Bureau of Investigation, Windsor has
seen increases in six out of seven crime categories since 2002. The number of Motor Vehicle
Thefts had the biggest increase at 350.0% followed by simple assaults increasing 133.3%,
burglaries increasing 57.1%, robberies increasing 33.3%, and larcenies increasing 24.3%. While
there were increases since 2002 in the burglary and larceny crime categories, those categories
experienced decreases between 2004 and 2005. Aggravated assaults decreased 33.3%
between 2002 and 2005. Table 29 provides information regarding crime rates for the Town
between 2002 and 2005.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 58 August, 2009

Town of Windsor
Bertie County, NC
Land Use Plan
Community Facilities
Legend
OWindsor Town Limits
CD ETJ
Area of Stormwater Concern
Hydrology
Community Facilities
M 1. Windsor Town Hall & Police Department
ti> 2. Fire Department
• 3. Bertie County Rescue Squad
r 4. Bertie Academy
5. Windsor Elementary
j 6. Bertie Middle School
j 7. Bertie High School
© 8. Bertie Memorial Hospital
O 9.Jaycee Park
0 10. Livermon Park & Mini Zoo
M 11. Roanoke/Cashie River Center
1 inch = 2,350 feet
Feet
0 1,400 2,800 5,600 8,400
ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
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MAP 14
Town of Windsor
Bertie County, NC
Land Use Plan
2005 Traffic Survey (AADT)
and
Transportation Improvement
Proqram (TIP)
Legend
OWindsor Town Limits
O ETJ
Hydrology
2005 Traffic Survey (AADT)
TIP (Transportation Improvement Program)
R-2506
B-4434
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
1 inch = 2,350 feet
Feet
0 1,400 2,800 5,600 8,400
ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
Page 60

Table 29. Town of Windsor Crime Data, 2002-2005
Crime 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total % change 02-05
Rape 0 1 0 1 N/A
Robbery 3 4 1 4 33.3%
Aggravated Assault 3 3 2 2 -33.3%
Burglary 21 32 37 33 57.1%
Larceny 74 97 114 92 24.3%
Motor Vehicle Theft 2 5 4 9 350.0%
Simple Assault 9 17 9 21 133.3%
Total Offenses 112 159 167 162 44.6%
Source: North Carolina State Bureau of Investigations.
4. Fire Services
The Town of Windsor Fire Department serves three (3) fire districts: the Windsor Town
District (comprised of the corporate limits) and two (2) response districts. The Department of
Insurance (DOI) rating for the Windsor Town District area is a Class 5. One of the response
districts is a five (5) mile response district and has a DOI rating of Class 9. The other response
district covers approximately 90 square miles and is not rated. The fire station is located at 501
North King Street in Windsor and houses two (2) engines, one (1) tanker, and one (1) equipment
truckz. The department has one (1) chief and 35 volunteers. They respond to approximately
150 calls per year, the majority of which are motor vehicle crashes, with the remaining calls
being grass or structural fires. The department is also involved with public education programs
for schools in the area, as well as local businesses and organizations.
5. Emergency Medical Services
Emergency Medical Services are provided to residents of Windsor by the Bertie County
Rescue Squad. The Rescue Squad, a private corporation, is located at 208 East Granville Street
in Windsor and is available to respond all over the county. The Rescue Squad has five (5)
employees and thirteen (13) volunteers. Their certifications range from EMT - Paramedic to
EMT - Basic and Intermediate. They respond to between 120 and 130 calls per month and have
two (2) ambulances available. The Rescue Squad is staffed with two (2) employees from
6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. everyday. Three to four nights a week, the Rescue Squad is staffed with
one (1) employee from 6:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. Anyone responding with that staff member is
a volunteer.
6. Administration
The Town of Windsor is governed by a Board of Commissioners -Administrator form of
government. The Administrative office is located at 128 South King Street. There are eleven
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 61 August, 2009

departments and 40 employees. Following is a list of departments and the number of
employees for each one.
• Governing Body 6
• Administration 3
• Public Buildings 1
• Police 7
• Fire 1
• Streets 4
• Sanitation 3
• Recreation 5
• Water 3
• Sewer 3
• Electric 4
7. Water System
The Town of Windsor currently owns and operates a potable water system which
includes water supply, storage, and distribution facilities serving residents and businesses within
the Town Limits and a few outside of the Town Limits. There are 1,038 residential and 212
commercial/institutional water customers. Seventy-five (75) of those customers are outside the
corporate limits. Map 15 provides water and sewer infrastructure for Windsor's planning
jurisdiction.
The water supply facilities include three (3) deep wells drawing water from the Castle
Hayne Aquifer. Those wells are located at Sutton Drive, Wall Street, and Country Club Drive
in the Industrial Pariz. The Sutton Drive well has a depth of 370 feet and a diameter of
8 inches. The Wall Street well has a depth of 390 feet and a diameter of 10 inches. The Country
Club Drive well has a depth of 376 feet and a diameter of 12 inches. These wells have the ability
to pump at 250 gpm, 300 gpm, and 400 gpm, respectively. The water system has a 684,000
mgd capacity to pump. Table 30 provides the 2007 water system consumption by type of use.
The wells alternate pumping and each pumps for twelve hours at a time. The distribution
system includes one (1) elevated storage tanks that has a 300,000 gallon capacity. The
distribution main sizes include 12,10, 8, 6, and a few 2 inch mains. The system includes 30 miles
of water distribution lines. There are no plans to expand the system in the near future. The
Town may need to add a well to the system, but specific plans have not been made. If it is
determined that a well is needed, the Town will consult with an engineering firm to determine
what is needed and the cost. Groundwater is treated with zinc orthophosphate for iron and
is disinfected with a chlorine solution.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 62 August, 2009

MAP 15
Town of Windsor
Bertie County, NC
Land Use Plan
Water and Sewer
Infrastructure
Legend
Windsor Town Limits
O
ETJ
Hazardous Waste Site*
+
Municipal Well
Sewer Treatment Plant
Water
Sewer
* The Powell and Stokes Inc., Site (NONCD 000 2326)
had a nitrate spill that contaminated the groundwater.
The NC Inactive Hazardous Sites Branch monitors the
annual groundwater analytical results. A consistent
attenuating trend in the nitrate has been observed over
the past years.
Source: NCDENR - Division of Waste Management
N
W s
s
1 inch = 2,800 feet
Feet
0 1,750 3,500 7,000 10,500
Y-XCol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
Page 63

Table 30. Town of Windsor 2007 Water Use/Consumption
Metered Average Use Non -Metered Non -Metered
Type of Use Metered Connections (MOD) Connections Estimated Use (MGD)
Residential 1,038 0.105 0 0.000
Commercial 209 0.055 0 0.000
Industrial 0 0.000 O 0.000
Institutional 3 0.094 O 0.000
Source: 2007 Town of Windsor Water Supply Plan.
8. Sewer System
Windsor maintains a extended aeration sewage treatment plant with a design capacity
of 1.15 mpd. The sewer system has 1,250 customers in town, 200 customers out of town, and one
bulky customer. The bulky customer is the Town of Ashewville; the Town of Windsor treats all
sewage from Ashewville's sewage. The current flow in the system is approximately 526,000
gpd, 45.7% of the system's capacity. The Town has a NPDES permit to discharge treated
wastewater into Broad Branch, a tributary of the Cashie River. The Town submitted a renewal
application for this permit in May 2007, which was approved on November 1, 2007. The
permit will expire on May 31, 2012. There are no private pack2age treatment plants operating
within the town. There are no plans to expand the system. The Town has a "dual permit" with
the state, which means that if the Town's capacity exceeds 90% of 750,000 gpd for one year,
the limits of discharge on the permit will change. The Town does not anticipate exceeding this
threshold during the planning period. According to the Bertie County Environmental Health
Director, there are no septic tanks failures within the Town's corporate limits or occurrences of
fecal coliform leaving the WWTP as a result of stormwater runoff. Table 31 provides the 2007
sewage discharge by month.
Table 31. Town of Windsor 2007 Sewer Discharge
Average Daily Average Daily Average Daily
Month Discharge (MGD) Month Discharge (MGD) Month Discharge (MGD)
January 0.544 May 0.578 September 0.356
February 0.531 June 0.509 October 0.359
March 0.546 July 0.393 November 0.277
April 0.626 August 0.380 December 0.328
Source: Town of Windsor 2007 Water Supply Plan.
9. Schools
Windsor is served by the Bertie County School System. Windsor Elementary School
serves grades K-5 and is located at 104 Cooper Hill Road in Windsor. Bertie Middle School is a
new school which opened for the 2007-2008 school year. The school merged C.G. White and
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 64 August, 2009

Southwestern Middle schools into a new building. The new school serves grades 6-8 and is
located at 652 US Highway 13 North in Windsor. Bertie High serves grades 9-12 and is located
at 715 US Highway 13 North in Windsor. Bertie Academy serves grades 6-12 and is located at
117 County Farm Road in Windsor. The following table provides a summary of the schools that
serve Windsor's school age children.
Table 32. Bertie County Public Schools Serving Windsor
School
Enrollment
Staffing
Capacity
Recreational Facilities
Windsor Elementary
470
70
500
Playground and Play Room
Bertie Middle
760
52*
900
Baseball field, softball field, play
field, and gym
Bertie High
1,000
75*
1,800
Gym, football field, baseball field,
softball field, and tennis court
Bertie Academy
50
4
50
Gym
*Certified
Source: Windsor Elementary School and Bertie County Board of Education.
10. Recreation
The Town of Windsor has three major recreation areas: the Livermon Parks and Mini
Zoo, Jaycee Parks, and the Roanoke/Cashie River Center. Livermon Parks and Mini Zoo has
approximately thirty (30) varieties of animals and birds, a playground, a nature walk? to the
Cashie River and Swamp, a restored one -room school house, and the Historic Freeman House.
Jaycee Parb is a nature area used for passive recreation. The Roanoke/Cashie River Center
opened in September 2000 and is located on the Cashie River near the intersection of US
Highway 17 Bypass and Queen Street. The site has evolved into a regional public access
site/attraction through the many development and education projects that have taken place
there. The Town, in various phases, provided pedestrian access to the waterfront by
constructing a boardwalb with two finger piers for fishing, temporary tie-ups for boats, a boat
ramp, a visitor's center, interpretive learning center, a restroom, and most recently, transient
docks for five (5) to six (6) boats. All of these amenities are available to the public at no charge.
Development of the site was made possible with Town funds and grant funding. Following is
a list of indoor and outdoor attractions offered at the Center:
• Hands-on exhibits
• Diorama of local bottomland habitats
• An active beehive display
• Riverfront boardwalks and canoe ramp
• Artifacts from the region's distant past
• Educational wetland ponds
• A unique exhibit on the native wild turkey
• Programs for schools and other groups
• Natural area and parks for picnicking and gatherings
• Boardwalk? along the Cashie River
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 65 August, 2009

• Canoeing/bayabing upstream
• Amphitheater for special events
• Historic artifacts on site
11. Electric Service
The Town of Windsor owns its own electrical distribution system and is responsible for the
operation and maintenance of that system. Electricity is purchased by the Town from North
Carolina Dominion Power. Electrical service is provided to between 2,200 and 2,500 customers.
12. Solid Waste
The Town of Windsor provides for the removal of household garbage, yard waste, and
recyclables. Picb up is once a weeks for residential and basic commercial customers. Large
businesses that use containers have picb up approximately twice a weep. Once picked up by
the Town, garbage is taken to the Bertie County Landfill.
13. Stormwater Management
a. Introduction
Stormwater is generated by runoff from land and impervious areas such as
paved streets, parking lots, and building rooftops during rainfall and snow events. These
surfaces often contain pollutants in quantities that can adversely affect water quality and
create flooding problems. When roads, parking lots, sidewalks, homes, and offices replace the
natural and permeable landscape, rainfall that would once soak into vegetated ground is now
Stormwater runoff. One of the effects of increased runoff is that this Stormwater reaches
streams and other water bodies because there is less opportunity for it to infiltrate the ground,
negatively affecting water quality. Velocities in streams increase causing more erosion potential
and base flow is lower during dry weather because of a lack of infiltration.
b. Existing Drainage Problems
The Town of Windsor's stormwater drains into Cashie River which flows to the east
ultimately into the Pamlico Sound. The town currently maintains a stormwater system
consisting of road side drainage ditches and swales. Localized drainage is a concern for the
town (typically, problems with drainage occur at a choke point on North King Street, one block
north of Town Hall - see Map 13); however, the town's most significant flooding problems result
from riverine flooding of the Cashie River. The town experienced significant flooding over the
last ten years from hurricane activity, and has taken steps to mitigate damage through housing
acquisition and elevation projects. The town will continue to address localized flooding on a
case -by -case basis, while monitoring the impacts of flooding resulting from hurricanes and
tropical storm activity.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 66 August, 2009

C. Water Ouality
Stormwater runoff is a significant problem with respect to water quality. The
major cause of any impaired waters is fecal coliform bacteria. The possible sources include
marinas and urban runoff.
d. EPA Regulations
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has begun implementation of
Phase II of the Stormwater Management Plan. The Town is not required to comply with
Phase II Stormwater regulations.
e. Coastal Stormwater Rules
Until recently NCDENR required that projects with land disturbance in excess of
one acre secure a stormwater management permit. These permits require retainage and
treatment of runoff generated by the proposed project. This permit must be in hand prior to
the issuance of local building permits.
In 2008, the NC Legislature adopted revised regulations that apply to all of the
twenty coastal CAMA-regulated counties. These rules are intended to increase stormwater
management standards throughout coastal areas, and in particular those sites within close
proximity to shellfishing (SA) waters.
The following summary defines what properties/projects within the Town of
Windsor planning Jurisdiction will be subject to Stormwater permitting underthe newly adopted
coastal stormwater rules.
Properties located within 1k mile and draining to shellfishing (SA) waters:
Non -Residential Development will require a Stormwater permit if
The project requires a CAMA Major Permit
The project requires a Sedimentation & Erosion Control Permit (disturbs one acre or
greater)
The project adds more than 10,000 square feet of built upon area (BUA)
Residential Development will require a stormwater permit if:
The project requires a CAMA Major Permit
The project requires a Sedimentation & Erosion Control Permit (disturbs one acre or
greater)
The project disturbs less than one acre but meets the following criteria:
• Project adds more than 10,000 square feet of BUA; and
• Results in an overall site coverage over 12%.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 67 August, 2009

Properties not located within V2 mile of defined SA waters:
Non -Residential Development will require a stormwater permit if:
The project requires a CAMA Major Permit
The project requires a Sedimentation & Erosion Control Permit (disturbs one acre or
greater)
The project adds more than 10,000 square feet of built upon area (BUA)
Residential Development will require a stormwater permit if:
The project requires a CAMA Major Permit
The project requires a Sedimentation & Erosion Control Permit (disturbs one acre or
greater)
Additionally, the summary above outlines what projects are subject to the new
coastal stormwater requirements. The permitting requirements for the various development
types outlined above vary. In general, properties requiring a stormwater permit through
NCDENR must meet the following performance standard with respect to stormwater retainage
and treatment: retain onsite the first 1.5 inches of rainfall or the runoff generated by the 1 year
24 hour storm whichever is greater. The proposed system must also treat this runoff for 85% of
all total suspended solids (TSS).
The town does not need to adopt any local ordinance requirements in order to
establish compliance with current state regulations. All current regulations are triggered by
disturbance area on a project by project basis. The town is currently requiring this through the
project review process, and will continue to do so.
f. North Carolina Shoreline Buffering
In August of 2000, the State of North Carolina developed a 30-foot buffering
rule for all new development in the 20 coastal counties governed by the Coastal Area
Management Act (CAMA). This rule applies to all navigable waters, excluding the ocean, which
has previously established setbackz requirements. The development of this buffer does not
restrict the construction of water dependent structures, such as dockzs and boat ramps. The
benefits of the buffering include the following:
(1) Flood Control — by reducing the velocity and providing a collection area
for stormwater runoff and precipitation. Buffers encourage water
infiltration into the ground, rather than flooding low-lying areas.
(2) Groundwater Recharge — buffers are also beneficial to recharging the
groundwater supply and promoting groundwater flow.
(3) Soil Erosion Prevention — vegetated buffers stabilize the soil and reduce
sedimentation.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 68 August, 2009

(4) Conservation of Coastal Riparian Wildlife Habitats — these natural areas
provide breeding, nesting, and habitat, and protect wildlife from
predication. Vegetated buffers help increase the diversity of wildlife
while providing site for foraging and corridors for dispersal.
H. Land Suitability Analysis (LSA)
A Land Suitability Analysis is a mandatory component of all local CAMA land use plans. The
analysis is a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based process that determines the areas of
land that are most and least suitable for development of structures and infrastructure. The
procedure is very similar to the practice developed by Ian McHarg, in which geospatial data
layers are referenced to each other in an effort to determine what portions of a land mass
appear to be the most favorable sites for a specific land use. Several factors are considered
during the analysis, including the natural system constraints, compatibility with existing land
uses and development patterns, existing land use policies, and the availability of community
facilities. The primary output of the analysis is the Land Suitability Map. The map identifies
vacant or under-utilized land that is suited for development and can be used as a foundation
for the discussion and formation of Town -wide land use policy. There are eight steps to
completing the analysis:
Define criteria for the analysis — The criteria utilized for the L5A were based on
CAMA guidelines and modified according to available GIS data sets. The
criteria for land suitability are listed in Table 33 and were given a rating of high,
medium, low, and least suitable for each one -acre portion of land analyzed.
2. Define data needed — The GIS data used for the LSA was compiled from several
sources. The majority of the data was provided by the North Carolina Center
for Geographic Information & Analysis. Some of the data used was obtained
from the Town of Windsor. All of the data used in this process are listed on page
70-71.
3. Determine what GIS analysis operations should be performed — This step
involved determining what GIS operations would be required to effectively
execute the overlay analysis.
4. Prepare the data — All of the datasets defined in step 2 were prepared to be run
through the model.
5. Create a model — This step involved the actual construction of the LSA
computer model.
6. Run the model — The GIS data is run through the developed LSA model.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 69 August, 2009

7. Analyze results — The LSA map, as depicted in Map 16, is the output of the
model. The results of the model are analyzed to determine if the model needs
to be revised.
8. Refine model as needed — If needed, modifications are made to the model and
the process starts again from step 6 until satisfactory results are reached.
All of these steps have been completed and the end product is displayed on Map 16, Town of
Windsor Land Suitability Analysis. The criteria utilized in the LSA are listed below, along with
the GIS data set associated with each criterion (the bold type indicates which GIS layer is a
function of each criterion):
• Land within Beneficial Non -Coastal Wetlands has low suitability.
• Land within Storm Surge Areas has low suitability.
• Land with Severe Septic Limitations (based on soils data) has low suitability;
moderate limitations have medium suitability; slight limitations have high
development suitability.
• Land within 100-year Flood Zones has low development suitability.
• Land within HOW/ORW Watersheds has low suitability.
• Land within Water Supply Watersheds has low suitability.
• Land within 500 feet of a Significant Natural Heritage Area has low
suitability.
• Land within 500 feet of a Hazardous Substance Disposal Site has low
suitability.
• Land within 500 feet of an NPDES Site has low suitability.
• Land within 500 feet of a Wastewater Treatment Plant has low suitability.
• Land within 500 feet of a Municipal Sewage Discharge Point has low
suitability.
• Land within 500 feet of a Land Application Site has low suitability.
• Land within a half -mile of Primary Roads has high suitability; within a half -
mile to a mile have medium suitability; areas greater than one mile outside of
primary roads have low suitability.
• Land within a half -mile of Developed Land has high suitability; areas within
a half -mile to a mile have medium suitability; areas further than one mile away
from developed land have low suitability.
• Land within a quarter -mile of Water Pipes has high suitability; areas within
a quarter -mile to a half -mile of water pipes have medium suitability; areas
further than a half -mile away from water pipes have low suitability.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 70 August, 2009

• Land within a quarter -mile of fewer Pipes has high suitability; areas within a
quarter -mile to a half -mile of sewer pipes have medium suitability; areas
further that a half -mile away from water pipes have low suitability.
• Land within Coastal Wetlands is LEAST suitable.
• Land within Exceptional and Substantial Non -Coastal Wetlands is
LEAST suitable.
• Land within Protected Lands is LEAST suitable.
• Land within Estuarine Waters is LEAST suitable.
The following table displays a tabular account of what determines whether a specific portion
of property has a high or low suitability rating based on the criterion listed above.
Table 33. Town of Windsor Land Suitability Analysis Criteria Table
Criteria and Rating
Least
Medium
Layer Name
Suitable
Low Suitability
Suitability
High Suitability
O
-2
1
+2
Coastal Wetlands
Inside
--
Outside
--
Exceptional & Substantial Non -Coastal Wetlands
Inside
--
Outside
--
Estuarine Waters
Inside
--
Outside
--
Protected Lands
Inside
--
Outside
--
Storm Surge Areas
--
Inside
--
Outside
Soils (Septic Limitations)
--
Severe
Moderate
Slight
Flood Zones
--
Inside
--
Outside
HQWIORW Watersheds
--
Inside
--
Outside
Natural Heritage Areas
--
<500'
--
>500'
Hazardous Substance Disposal Sites
--
<500'
--
>500'
NPDE5 Sites
--
<500'
--
>500'
Wastewater Treatment Plants
--
<500'
--
>500'
Discharge Points
--
<500'
--
>500'
Land Application Sites
--
<500'
--
>500'
Developed Land (extracted from the Town of
--
>1 mi
.5 -1 mi
<.5 mi
Windsor Existing Land Use survey)
Roads
--
>1 mi
.5 -1 mi
<,5 mi
Water Pipes
--
>.5 mi
.25 -.5 mi
<.25 mi
Sewer Pipes
--
>.5 mi
.25 -.5 mi
<.25 mi
*Data layers that are slated as exclusion have a suitability of 0 or 1, meaning that if a specific one -acre piece of property falls
within one of these areas, it is automatically considered least suitable for development.
Source: NCCGIA and CAMA.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 71 August, 2009

In order to complete the analysis, the Town was divided into one -acre squares of land. Each
of these one -acre squares of land was given a score based on how that respective piece of
property related to each of the criteria listed above. The scores for each layer were added
together to determine a suitability rating for that one -acre square of property.
The process utilized Arcview GIS software with the Spatial Analyst extension along with a
variety of data layers as listed above including: several layers provided by the North Carolina
Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (NCCGIA) and existing land use data discussed
earlier in this plan.
According to the LSA, land in Windsor is fairly suitable for development. The following table
describes the land suitability acreage based on the results of the overlay analysis. Almost 52%
of the town's planning area was determined to be highly or moderately suitable for
development. It should be noted that a lower suitability score does not mean that an area
cannot be developed. Development can occur in these areas with proper infrastructure and
improvements. The L5A is to be used as a guideline to identify areas where development
should be watched closely and developed with more caution.
Table 34. Town of Windsor LSA Acreage
Suitability Acreage % of Total
Least Suitable 2,694.68 33.8%
Low Suitability 1,114.55 14.0%
Moderate Suitability 2,316.04 29.1%
High Suitability 1,842.63 23.1%
Total 7,967.90 100.0%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc., North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 72 August, 2009

i'

I. Current Plans Policies, and Regulations
The Town of Windsor operates under the authority of a Mayor -Commissioner -Administrator
form of government. There are five Commissioners in addition to the Mayor. The Town
Administrator is responsible for town management, planning, and building inspection
responsibilities. The Town has an active seven -member Planning Board which reviews and
comments on proposed developments. There is also a nine -member Board of Adjustment. The
Town Clerks serves as secretary to the Planning Board and clerks to the Board of Adjustment.
The .following provides a summary of the Town's land use -related codes and regulations:
1. Zoning Ordinance
The Town of Windsor zoning ordinance was adopted in 1977. Both the zoning ordinance
and map Piave been updated numerous times. The ordinance defines its purpose as:
"This Ordinance is designated to encourage the growth of the various physical
elements of the town, to guide the future development of the town in
accordance with a comprehensive plan of land use and population density so
.that the town may realize its potentialities as a place to live and works."
A total of twelve zoning districts are provided. They include the following:
RA-20
Single -Family Agricultural Residential District
R-10
Single- and Two -Family Residential District
R-7
Single- and Two -Family Residential District
R-75
Residential District
R-5
Single -Family Residential District
0-1
Office and Institutional District
C-1 (CBD)
Central Business District
C-2 (HCD)
Highway Commercial. District
M-1
Manufacturing and Industrial District
R-15
Single -Family Residential District
R-5-MH
Single- and Two -Family Residential District
R-10-MH.
Single- and Two -Family Residential District
The zoning ordinance, which is available at the Town of Windsor municipal building,
should be referred to for lot sizes/dimensional requirements and the definitions of allowable
uses. In addition, the future land use categories identified in this plan are coordinated with the
zoning ordinance categories. The zoning ordinance is enforced by the Town Administrator who
also serves as the building inspector.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 74 August, 2009

2 Subdivision Ordinance
Windsor's subdivision ordinance was adopted in 1973 and revised in O.ctober,1994. It has
not been substantially revised since its 1994 revision. The purpose of the ordinance is defined
as:
"The purpose of this ordinance is to establish procedures and standards for the
regulation and control of the subdivision of land within the present and future
jurisdiction of the Town of Windsor, North Carolina, in order to promote the
public health, safety, and general welfare of the community. They are designed
to promote the orderly layout and development of land for streets and public
utilities; ensure adequate provision for transportation facilities, sewers, water
supply, schools, parks, playgrounds and other public facilities, ensure the proper
distribution of population and traffic to avoid congestion and overcrowding;
provide adequate light, air, and open space; ensure greater safety from fire,
flood and other dangers; and ensure proper legal description, identification,
monumentation, and recording of subdivision properties."
Copies of the subdivision ordinance are available at the Windsor municipal building and
should be referred to for detailed requirements. The ordinance is enforced by the Town
Administrator who also serves as the building inspector.
3. Utilities Extension Policies
The Town maintains a mandatory water and sewer hook-up policy. The sewer policy
applies to all customers who generate sewage at an amount equal to an average domestic
user. Hook-up is mandatory for all customers located within 200 feet of sewer and water lines.
Requests for the extension of water and sewer lines are analyzed on a case -by -case
basis. Fees are set at a higher rate for customers located outside the corporate limits.
4. Minimum Housing Code
The Town of Windsor has a minimum housing code which was adopted in 1979. The
code is enforced by the Town Administrator who serves as the building inspector. The code has
been an important element in Windsor's community development housing improvements
programs. _
5. Mobile Home and Trailer Park Ordinance
The Town of Windsor has a mobile home and trailer park: ordinance which regulates the
location of mobile homes and parks, individual installation requirements, and mobile home
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 75 August, 2009

park design requirements. The ordinance is enforced by the Town Administrator who serves
as the building inspector.
6. Federal Flood Insurance Program
The Town of Windsor participates in the Federal Emergency Management Flood
Program. The building inspector. (Town Administrator) coordinates the program and aids in
ensuring compliance. The current National Flood Insurance Program Flood Insurance Rate
Maps were revised on August 19,1985.
7. North Carolina State Building Code
The Town of Windsor enforces the North Carolina State Building Code for all new
construction and rehabilitation. As evidenced by the small number of building permits
currently being issued, a full-time building inspector is not required. Therefore, the Town
Administrator serves as building inspector.
8. Historic District Ordinance
The Windsor Historic District Ordinance was established in 1981. The ordinance requires
that land uses in the defined district remain consistent with the district's historic theme. In 1991,
the Town succeeded in having the Windsor Historic District entered in the National Register of
Historic Places. Within the district, no major alteration, moving, destruction, remodeling, or
restoration should occur without notifying the Town of Windsor.
9. Town of Windsor Land Use Plan Update, 1992 and 1997
The Town of Windsor prepared CAMA-funded land use plans in 1992 and 1997. These
documents responded to the state's 15A NCAC 713 planning guidelines and provided policy
statements for areas of environmental concern.
The 1997 Windsor CAMA Land Use Plan Update was prepared as a continuation of the
CAMA land use plan requirements as specified in 15A NCAC 7B. The 1997 plan supported the
15A NCAC 7H requirements for areas of environmental concern and does not include any
policies or implementing actions which exceed the 15A NCAC 7H minimum use standards.
The following significant implementing actions were accomplished based on
recommendations of the 1997 CAMA Land Use Plan:
• Improved shoreline access along the Cashie River.
• Preserved the Cashie River Swamp forest area.
• Reduced substandard housing.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 76 August, 2009

• Supported applicable 15A NCAC 7H minimum use standards for application in
public trust waters.
• Preserved the Windsor. Historic District.
• Preserved the Central Business District.
• Regulated land use through enforcement of its zoning and subdivision
ordinances.
The Town of Windsor Board of Commissioners and Planning Board have supported the
1997 Land Use Plan and believe that the plan has been an effective planning tool. Current
local ordinances were amended, including an update to the Town's Zoning Ordinance, to
ensure consistency with the Land Use Plan. The Land Use Plan has been utilized as a guide for
planning administration and decision making.
10. Town of Windsor Water Supply Plan
In 1994, the Town of Windsor adopted a town -wide water supply plan. This plan
identified specific actions which have or will be taken by the Town of Windsor to ensure an
adequate water supply. An updated water supply plan was being prepared in 2007.
11. Town of Windsor Strategic Plan, 2007
The Town of Windsor Strategic Plan is comprised of a mission statement, core values, a
vision statement, goals, strategies, and an implementation timetable that identifies the parties
responsible for overseeing the implementation of each strategy. The plan is a framework for
what Windsor intends to accomplish. This CAMA Core Land Use Plan reflects the content of the
Strategic Plan.
a. Hazard Mitigation Plan
The Town of Windsor participates in the Bertie County Multi -Jurisdictional Hazard
Mitigation Plan which was adopted September 20, 2004, and approved by the Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).in response to Federal and State legislation. The
Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA2K), the Federal legislation, and Senate Bill 300, the
State legislation, require that all local governments have a FEMA approved Hazard Mitigation
Plan in place in order to receive Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) funding or.Public
Assistance (PA) funding following a natural disaster. The plan identifies those hazards to which
Bertie County and participating municipalities are most susceptible, analyzes the vulnerability
of Windsor to those hazards (i.e., building development and value, and number of people at
risk), and analyzes the Town's ability to respond to those hazards. The primary output of the
plan is the Mitigation Strategies that assist with the prevention of loss due to hazards (see
Appendix II).
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 77 August, 2009 -

SECTION VI.
PLAN FOR THE FUTURE
A. Future Demands
1. Introduction
The Town of Windsor will experience modest growth throughout the planning period.
According to population estimates outlined earlier in the plan, Windsor's population is expected
to increase by approximately 241 individuals (7.8%) through the year 2030. Although, these
projections are very low, it is anticipated that Windsor will experience redevelopment and
commercial growth aimed at serving local and regional needs.
The next section of the CAMA Core Land Use Plan applies the information learned
throughout the plan into the formulation of goals, policies, and implementing actions. The
goals, policies, and implementing actions should take into consideration the information
obtained as well as address the demands for future infrastructure needs discussed in this section.
2. Housing Trends
As noted above, population increase, and in turn residential development will be
minimal within the Town of Windsor throughout the planning period. As of 2000, there were
136 (see Table 6, page 13) vacant year round dwellings within, the town, and residential
development has slowed over the last ten years. The table below provides a summary of
increased residential demand based on the population projections outlined within Table 15
(page 19) of the land use plan. The average household size for all units is currently 2.43 persons
per household. For forecast purposes, through 2030 this trend has been continued. The
forecast growth of households is provided in Table 35.
Table 35. Town of Windsor - Estimated Population Growth and Household Characteristics, 2006-2030
2000-2006
2006-2010
2010-2020
2020-2030
Net Total Change
Total Population Increase -92
4
42
195
N/A
Persons per Households 2.43
2.43
2.43
2.43
N/A
# of Households -37
2
17
80
62
Source: Population forecast and persons per household - Office of State Planning
and Holland Consulting Planners, Inc
3. Commercial Land Use
Commercial development within Windsor primarily serves town residents, however,
Windsor does serve as a regional center for goods and services.. Commercial development
within Windsor is expected to be minimal throughout the planning period, and will involve both
infill and redevelopment. Additionally, it is anticipated that the new NC Highway 13 will result
in some new retail commercial growth.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 78 August, 2009

4. Industrial Land Use
According to the existing land use survey discussed earlier in the plan, the Town of
Windsor does not currently have any industrial operations. The town will continue to seek
opportunities related to the development of light industrial operations; however, industry within
Bertie County is centered around agriculture, and this trend is expected to continue. It should
be noted that there are several -large farming operations located within the town's
extraterritorial jurisdiction.
5. Transportation
The 1997 CAMA Land Use Plan identified three important transportation issues. Two
continue to be important issues and are identified as follows:
• Reduction of traffic congestion in the Central Business District.
• Development of a master drainage plan to aid in the reduction/elimination of
flooding in Windsor streets.
During the planning period, one bridge replacement project is expected which is
included in the North Carolina Department of Transportation's (NCDOT) Transportation
Improvement Program (TIP). This includes a bridge replacement on US 17/NC 308 over the
Cashie River. There is also a road project on US 13 north of Windsor. The following summarizes
these improvements. These projects are delineated on Map 14.
Schedule
ID No. Description Total Est. Cost Worts Type (Fiscal Years)
B-4434 US 17-NC 308, Replace bridge number 14 over $2,422,000. Construction FY09
the Cashie River.
R-2506 US 13, from US 13 Business north of Windsor to $81,265,000 Construction After 2015
NC 42. Widen to multi -lanes.
6. Education
The Town of Windsor is currently served by four schools as noted on page 65 of the plan.
These facilities include: Windsor Elementary, Bertie Middle, Bertie High, and Bertie Academy.
The county has recently completed construction of the new Bertie Middle School which involved
the merger of C.G. White and Southwestern Middle Schools. This facility was just opened and
utilized for the 2007-2008 school year. With the construction of this facility, Bertie County and
the Town of Windsor are prepared to address any future population growth.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 79 August, 2009

In addition to the new school site, there is a need for a new bus garage and
transportation maintenance building. The current facility is insufficient to support current
needs.
7. Recreation
Currently, the Town of Windsor has several facilities dedicated to recreation and
outdoor education: Livermon Park and Mini Zoo, Jaycee Park, and the Roanokte/Cashie River
Center (page 65). The town has worked hard to establish these facilities as not only a
recreational opportunity for town residents, but a regional education center. The town will
continue to looks at options and pursue grant funding that will promote development and
improvement of these facilities. The following summarizes some of the improvements that have
been discussed relating to parks and recreation:
Livermon Park and Mini Zoo#avicee Park
• Replace playground facilities.
• Provide pedestrian linkage between Jaycee Park and Livermon Park.
• Expand parking facilities to serve Jaycee Park.
Roanoke/Cashie River Center
• New exhibits - migratory songbirds.
• Development of a community garden.
• Work with.the Clean Water Management Trust Fund to assess effective uses for
parcel adjacent to the center.
• Convert facility to reliance on solar/wind power.
In addition to the expansion of town facilities, Bertie County is working on completing
Phase II of their recreation complex. This will involve the development of anew soccer field,
softball field, playground area, and additional parking.
The Town of Windsor has many recreational opportunities for a municipality with a
population of Z200 individuals. The town has exhibited a commitment to recreation which will
continue, throughout the planning period.
8. Water System
The Tow_ n of Windsor water supply plan was approved in 2007. The plan forecasts
surplus water supply capacity through 2030. Please note that system -wide population
projections exceed those included in Table 15 for the Town of Windsor because the water service
area will extend beyond the town's corporate limits.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan so August, 2009

Table 36. Town of Windsor Water System Supply/Demand Forecasts
Projections 2007 2010 2020 2030
Year -Round Population Z433 Z550
Z600
Z700
Seasonal Population 0 0
O
O
Residential 0.105 0.205
0209
0.217
Commercial 0.055 0.074
0.075
0.078
Industrial 0.000 0.006
0.006
0.006
Institutional 0.094 0.019
0.019
0.020
System Process 0.000 0.004
0.004
0.004
Unaccounted-for 0.104 0.032
0.032
0.032
Demand vs. % of Supply 2007
2010 2020
2030
Surface Water Supply 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000
Ground Water Supply 0.684
0.684 0.684
0.684
Purchases 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000
Future Supplies
0.000 0.000
0.000
Total Available Supply (MGD) 0.684
0.684 0.684
0.684
Service Area Demand 0.358
0.340 0.345
0357
Sales 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000
Future Sales
0.000 0.000
0.000
Total Demand (MGD) 0.358
0.340 0.345
0357
Demand as % of Supply 52%
. 50% 50%
52%
Source: 2007 Town of Windsor Water Supply Plan.
The town will continue to rely
on its current ground water services with
emergency/backs=up supply provided by the Bertie County Water System.
9. Sewer System
The Town of Windsor will continue to rely on its current sewer treatment system.
Currently, the system is at 45.7% of its capacity. Based on population forecasts, no significant
increases in capacity are expected. Refer to
Section V.G.8 for a description of the existing sewer
system.
10. Solid Waste
The Town of Windsor currently provides curbside garbage service which is delivered to
the East Carolina Landfill. The County Landfill" still has 21 years of life based on current
capacity. The landfill has a standing contract with'the county for approximately 15 more years.
The county will address this contract at some point during the planning period to ensure that
trash removal services within the County are not compromised. The landfill also has land area
available to extend well beyond the current 21 year life span.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 81 August, 2009

A Police, Fire, and Rescue Services
The police, fire, and emergency medical services within the Town of Windsor are
currently adequate to support current demands. Based on the population growth rates
provided in Table 15 (page 19), it is not anticipated that these services will need to be expanded
throughout the planning period. The town will continue to monitor needs and will respond as
deemed necessary.
The police department has several equipment and facility needs that need to be
addressed during the planning period. The police chief would like to install video cameras and
mobile computers in all patrol cars. Additionally, the police department would like to construct
a new police department facility over the next five to ten years. The town will review grant
opportunities relating to the potential development of this facility on an annual basis.
12. - Stormwater Management
The State has determined that current regulations relating to stormwater runoff within
coastal North Carolina are not protecting coastal waters from stormwater pollution. The
"Phase II" stormwater rules only apply in two of the state's 20 coastal counties. The state does
have a separate set of rules, passed in 1985, that regulate stormwater runoff in coastal
developments, however, a state review in 2005 found that the coastal rules have not protected
water quality. The state found that stormwater pollution is the cause of 90% of all
contaminated shellfish beds. Tens of thousands of acres of North Carolina's shellfishing waters
are permanently closed due to stormwater pollution. In order to address these issues, the State
has adopted revised coastal stormwater rules as outlined on pages 67-68. Currently, all
development within Windsor must comply with NC Division of Water Quality (DWQ) state
stormwater rules, including the revised State stormwater regulations.
B. Land Use/Development Goals and Implementing Actions
This section. of the plan is intended to guide the development and use of land in Windsor's
planning jurisdiction. The future land use map and policies are intended to support the Town's
and CAMA's goals. 'Specifically, this section includes the Town of Windsor's goals, land use
development policies, and the future land use map for the Town's planning jurisdiction. The
future land use map and the specified development goals are based on the Town of Windsor
community concerns (identified on pages 7 and 8 of this plan) and the future needs/demands
(identified in Section VI.A of this plan).
In addition, this document is intended to serve as Windsor's Comprehensive Plan and Future
Land Use Plan. The future land use plan or "map" is an essential tool for implementing land
use planning. The map is intended to serve as a guide for the Planning Board and Board of
Commissioners when they review private development proposals and make decisions on the
location of public facilities.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 82 August, 2009

The land use plan also provides a framework upon which Toning and subdivision regulations
and the capital improvements program should be based. In fact, the preparation of a land use
plan and map is mandated by legislation as a prerequisite for zoning. North Carolina General
Statute 160A-383 states that:
"Zoning regulations shall be made in accordance with a comprehensive plan and
designed to lessen congestion in the streets; to secure safety from fire, panic; and other
dangers; to promote health and the general welfare; to provide adequate light and,
air, to prevent the overcrowding of land; to avoid undue concentration of population;
and to facilitate the adequate provision of, transportation, water, sewerage, schools,
parks, and other public requirements. The regulations shall be made with reasonable
consideration, among other things, as to the character of the district and its peculiar
suitability for particular uses, and with a view to conserving the value of buildings and
encouraging the most appropriate use of land throughout the town's planning
jurisdiction."
A land use plan is intended to accomplish three primary objectives. These objectives are as
follows:
• To promote economic efficiency, by coordinating the size and location of publicly
provided future community facilities with the location and intensity of -future private
residential, commercial, and industrial activity.
• To optimize resources by allocating land for its most suitable use. For example, a town
may want to encourage industrial development on sites accessible to existing water and
sewer lines and in areas with suitable soil conditions. Or, a town may choose to arrange
land uses in such a way as to protect environmentally sensitive areas.
• To provide a land use form that reflects the vision of the town's residents, is unified,
avoids conflicting land uses, optimizes resources, preserves the town's character and is
pleasing: providing open space, vistas, and distinguishable districts.
It is important that the Town of Windsor understands that merely completing the land use plan,
illustrating the Town's vision for the future, does not ensure that its objectives will be met. The
Town must continuously work at accomplishing plan implementation and maintaining an
effective planning program.
C. Policies/Implementing Actions
L Introduction
The policies included in this plan are intended to be consistent with the goals of CAMA.
This plan will address the CRC management topics for land use plans and comply with all state
and federal rules and regulations. The following will serve as a guideline to assist in assuring
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan
83 August, 2009

that this land use plan will guide the development and use of land in a manner that is
consistent with the management goal(s), planning objective(s), and land use plan requirements
of this plan. These policies/implementing actions will apply to the Town's entire planning
jurisdiction. All policies/implementing actions shall be used for consistency review by
appropriate state and federal agencies.,
Resource conservation and impact analysis issues are addressed throughout the policies
and implementing actions included in this plan. However, the following conservation -related
policies and implementing actions are emphasized:
• Public Access, page 89.
• Conservation, page 94.
• Stormwater Control, page 95.
• Natural Hazard Areas, page 99.
• ' Water Quality, page 101.
• Cultural, Historical, and Scenic Areas, page 103.
Requirements for land use plan content are provided in NC General Statute 113A-110,
as follows:
"A land use plan for a [county] shall consist of statements of objectives, policies,
and standards to be followed in public and private use of land within the
[county], which shall be supplemented by maps showing the appropriate
location of particular types of land or water use and their relationships to each
other and to public facilities and by specific criteria for particular types of land
or water use in particular areas. The plan shall give special attention to the
protection and appropriate development of areas of environmental concern.
The plan shall be consistent with the goals of the coastal area management
system as set forth in G.S.113A-102 and with the State guidelines adopted by the
Commission under G.S.113A-107.
Specifically, in implementing this plan, the Town of Windsor Planning Board and Board
of Commissioners will continually do the following:
• Consider the future land use map as part of the policies included in this plan.
• Consult the Land Use Plan during the deliberation of all re -zoning requests.
• Consider the following in deliberation of all zoning petitions:
o The policies and implementing actions of this plan and all applicable
CAMA regulations must be considered in their decisions regarding land
use and development (including 15A NCAC 711).
Windsor LAMA Core Land Use Plan 84 August, 2009

o All uses that are allowed in a zoning district must be considered. A
decision to re -zone or not to re -zone a parcel or parcels of property
cannot be based on consideration of only one use or a partial list of the
uses allowed within a zoning district.
o Requests for zoning changes will not be approved if the requested
change will result in spot zoning. Spot zoning is a form of discriminatory
zoning whose sole purpose is to serve the private interests of one or more
landowners instead of furthering the welfare of the entire community as
part of an overall zoning plan. Spot zoning is based on the arbitrary and
inappropriate nature of a re -zoning change rather than, as is commonly
believed, on the size of the area being re -zoned.
o Zoning which will result in strip development should be discouraged.
Strip development is a melange of development, usually commercial,
extending along both sides of a major street. Strip development is often
a mixture of auto -oriented enterprises (e.g., gas stations, motels, and
food stands), and truck -dependent wholesale and light industrial
enterprises along with the once -rural homes and farms that' await
conversion to commercial use. Strip development may severely reduce
traffic -carrying capacity of abutting streets by allowing for excessive and
conflicting curb cuts.
O The concept of uniformity should be supported in all zoning
deliberations. Uniformity is a basic premise of zoning which holds that
all land in similar circumstances should be zoned alike, any different
circumstances should be carefully balanced with a demonstrated need
for such different treatment.
o Zoning regulations should be made in accordance with the Windsor
Land Use Plan and designed to lessen congestion in the streets; to secure
safety from fire, panic, and other dangers; to promote health and the
general welfare; to provide adequate light and air, to prevent the
overcrowding of land; to avoid undue concentration of population; and
to facilitate the adequate provision of transportation, water, sewerage,
schools, parkas, and other public requirements. The regulations shall be,
made with reasonable consideration, among other things, as to the
character of the district and its peculiar suitability for particular uses, and
with a view to conserving the value of buildings and encouraging the
most appropriate use of land throughout Windsor's planning jurisdiction.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 85 August, 2009

I
o Specifically, the Planning Board and Board of Commissioners should asks
the following questions:
Does Windsor need more land in the zone class requested?
Is there other property in the Town that might be more
appropriate for this use?
- Is the request in accordance with the Windsor Land Use Plan? It
should be noted that no CAMA permits (minor or major) shall be
issued for any proposal that is inconsistent with any of the policies
noted within the Land Use Plan.
- Will the request have a serious impact on traffic circulation,
parking space, sewer and water services, and other utilities?
- Will the ` request have an impact on other Town services,
including police protection or fire protection?
- Is there a good possibility that the request, as proposed, will result
in lessening the enjoyment or use of adjacent properties?
Will the request, as proposed, cause serious noise, odors, light,
activity, or unusual disturbances?
- Does the request raise serious legal questions such as spot zoning,
hardship, violation of precedents, or need for this type of use?
- Does the request adversely impact any CAMAAECs or other
environmentally sensitive areas including water quality?
It is intended that this plan will serve as the basic tool to guide development/growth in
Windsor's planning jurisdiction subject to the following:
• The Town of Windsor Zoning Ordinance should be revised from time to time to
be consistent, as reasonably possible, with the recommendations of this plan and
the evolving nature of the Town's growth and development policy.
• . Land development regulations should be designed: to lessen congestion in the
streets; to secure safety from fire, panic, and other dangers; to promote health
and the general welfare; to provide adequate light and air, to prevent the
overcrowding of land; to avoid undue concentration of population; and to
facilitate the adequate provision of transportation, water, sewerage, schools,
parks, and other public requirements.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 86
August, 2009

• The Town of Windsor will coordinate all development proposals with
appropriate State and/or Federal agencies.
2. Policies Regarding Land Use and Development in AECs
The Town of Windsor accepts stake and federal law regarding land uses and
development in AECs. By reference, all applicable state and federal regulations are
incorporated into this document. However, Windsor does not consider the following issues to
be relevant/applicable within its planning jurisdiction:
• Outstanding Resource Waters
• Maritime Forests
0 Development of Sound and Estuarine System Islands
• T Peat or Phosphate Mining's Impact on any Resource
• Beach Nourishment
The Areas of Environmental Concern and Fragile Areas within Windsor's planning
jurisdiction include the following:
• Public trust areas as defined in 15A NCAC 7H.0207 public trust areas.
• 404 jurisdiction. determinations can only be made by Corps of Engineers
personnel through individual on -site analysis.
For the issuance of CAMA permits within areas of environmental concern, the state's
minimum acceptable use standards are defined by 15A NCAC 7H. A local unit of government
must adopt policies which are, at a minimum, equal to and consistent with the state's minimum
use standards. Windsor may adopt policies which are more stringent than the minimum use
standards.
The second area of land use plan application is that of establishing policies to guide the
jurisdiction's local planning. This may apply both within areas of environmental concern where
CAMA regulations apply and in non-CAMA regulated areas of -the Town. Under North
Carolina legislation, land use plans are not regulatory controls. Non-CAMA related
recommendations, must be implemented with local land use ordinances such as zoning or
subdivision ordinances. If this plan recommends that the average residential density should be
three dwelling units per acre within a particular area, then that density must be achieved
through local zoning ordinance or other regulatory control. (This should not be confused with
the interaction of the land use plan with the CAMA regulations and 15A NCAC 7H use
standards.)
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 87
. August, 2009

The final area of application is that of "Consistency Review. Proposals and applications
for state and federal assistance or requests for agency approval or projects are normally
reviewed against a jurisdiction's land use plan to determine if the project is consistent with local
policies. Inconsistencies of a project with local policies could serve as grounds for denial or
revision of a project. For example; an individual or agency .may request state or federal
funding to construct a 30-unit low -to -moderate income housing project. If the proposed
location of the project is within an area in which this land use plan states that the residential
density should not exceed two dwelling units per acre, the project may be judged to be
inconsistent with the local land use plan.
All policies and implementing actions are to be utilized by the mate of North
Carolina for consistency review. Note the following:
• No policy is subordinate to another.
• All management topics have equal status:
• The future land use map may show some areas in a developed category which
may also include sensitive habitats or natural areas, The intent is that
development should be designed/permitted to protect these areas through
utilization of concepts such as cluster development. Development/project
approval will be based on project design which avoids substantial loss of
important habitat areas.
D. Land Use Plan Management Topics
1.. Introduction
The purposes of the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC) management topics are to
ensure that CAMA Land Use Plans support the goals of CAMA, to define the CRCs expectations
for the land use planning process, and to give the CRC a substantive basis for review and
certification of CAMA Land Use Plans. Each of the following management topics (Public Access,
Land Use Compatibility, Infrastructure Carrying Capacity, Natural Hazard Areas, Water
Quality, and Local Areas of Concern) include three components: a management goal, a
statement of the CRC's planning objective, and requirements for the CAMA Land Use Plan.
The local concerns which should be addressed in this plan are identified on pages 7 and 8. These
concerns and issues were utilized to develop the goals and objectives which are included in this
plan. Most'of the policies and implementing actions are continuing activities. In most situations,
specific timelines are not applicable. Refer to page 119 for a list of those policies/implementing
actions which have a specific schedule. The policies and implementing actions frequently utilize
the following words: should, continue, encourage, enhance, identify, implement,' maintain,
prevent, promote, protect, provide, strengthen, support, work. The intent of these words is
defined in Appendix III,=
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 88 August, 2009

Z. CAUA Land Use Plan Policies on Management Topics
The development of this land use plan has relied heavily`on the CAMA-prescribed land
suitability analysis which is included in Section V.H of this document. It is intended that this
document is supportive of the CAMA regulations for protection of AEC's (15A NCAC 7H).
This plan is. intended to support the Town of Windsor vision statement which was
developed based on the key issues identified on pages 7 and 8 of this document and the CAMA
AEC regulations. No negative impacts are anticipated by the implementation of the goals,
objectives, and policies which are included in this plan. Also refer to Tools for Managing
Development, Section VII, page 117.
Note:lt is intended that all policies are consistent with applicable State and
Federal requirements when State and Federal requirements apply.
Please note: Policies and. Implementing Actions are numbered consecutively throughout
this document with the letter"P" denoting a policy and the letter "I" denoting an implementing
action:
3. PublicAccess
a. Management Goal
To protect the public's right to access public trust waters within the Town of
Windsor planning jurisdiction and the coastal region.
b. Planning Obiective
To develop comprehensive policies and activities that provide opportunities for
the public to access public trust waters within the planning jurisdiction. The Town supports the
state's shoreline access policies as. set forth in NCAC Chapter 15A Subchapter 7M and will
conform to CAMA and other state and federal environmental regulations affecting the
development of estuarine access areas.
c. Land Use Plan Requirements
The following are Windsor's policies and implementing actions for public access.
Policies:
P.1 The Town opposes any use. which significantly interferes with the public's right
to navigate or access the Cashie River or any other public trust waters.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 89
August, 2009

P.2 The Town believes that, where possible, public shoreline access sites should be
accessible to persons with disabilities.
P.3 The Town supports new development and redevelopments that promote
Windsor as an eco-tourist and hunting/recreational destination. The Town
intends for these developments to protect and preserve the natural environment
and supports the private and public development of waterfront access through
private funds and grant monies.
P.4 Windsor supports state/federal funding of piers for fishing, boating, or public
estuarine access. The Town also supports the preservation and maintenance of
areas that have traditionally and historically been used for public access.
Implementing Attlonss
1.1 The Town will consider applying for public access funding to extend the
riverwalkZ located along the Cashie River. $chedaieiFiscal Year2010-2012.
1.2 The Town will consider applying for public access funding to improve boat ramp
facilities on the Cashie River. $chedaiei Fiscal Year 2011-2013.
1.3 Windsor desires the Cashie River to be a navigable river. The Town will looks for,
resources to assist with debris removal, and channel depth maintenance.
$chedaies ReviewAnnaaiiy
1.4 The Town will consider adoption of a riverfront zoning district if it is deemed
necessary to protect this valuable resource within the town. lchedaies Fiscal
Year 2008-2009.
1.5 The town will consider increasing signage related to the Livermon Parh and the
Roanoke /Cashie River Center in an effort to increase awareness about these.
facilities. $chedaier fiscal Year 2010-2012,
1.6 Windsor will pursue funding under the North Carolina CAMA Shoreline Access
funding program for other eligible projects that provide access for its citizens.
(15A NCAC 7M, Section .0300, Shorefront Access Policies). $chedaier
Coatinaing Activity.
1.7 The Town will continue to cooperate with the Clean Water Management Trust
Fund in an effort to acquire/reserve additional property along the Cashie River
as open space. fchedaier Continaing Activity.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 90 'August, 2009

4. Land Use Compatibility
a. Management Goal
To maintain an environment with compatible land uses where
inconsistent/conflicting land uses are prohibited while offering a mix of uses in certain districts.
b. Planning Objectives
To provide policies with clear direction to assist local decision making and
consistency findings for zoning, divisions of land, and public and private projects. The Town
desires to balance the protection of natural resources and fragile areas with development.
C. Land Use Plan Requirements
The following are Windsor's policies and implementing actions for land use
compatibility.
Policies - Residentiale
P.5 Windsor supports maintaining an inventory of standard housing. The Town
supports repair and reconstruction of privately -owned dwelling units through
private funds and/or grants.
P.6 Windsor supports the development of affordable housing options for low to
moderate income persons and seniors.
P.7 The Town supports the establishment of buffers between residential areas and
non-residential areas or adjacent thoroughfares. These buffers should be
comprised of low intensity land uses, and/or the establishment of landscaped
buffers.
P.8 Windsor desires to protect established residentially -developed areas and
discourages the rezoning of existing residentially -developed or zoned areas to
a non-residential classification when reasonably possible. Such rezoning and
amendments in land use classifications to the future land use map should be
carefully considered to be the best overall land development policy.
13.9 Windsor supports creating a mix of uses offering the convenience of retail
facilities to property owners in an effort to reduce traffic flow on main
thoroughfares.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan
91
August, 2009

P.10 Windsor supports densities that are appropriate to the services accessible to the
area. Low density land uses, such as residential agricultural and conservation,
should be located in areas that do not have public water or sewer service.
Additionally, Windsor will aim to protect agricultural uses as' residential
development continues to expand into the town's extraterritorial jurisdiction.
Implementing Actions - Residential:
1.8 The Town will compile and maintain a list of dilapidated and/or substandard
houses within the planning jurisdiction. lcbedalei AeviewAnnaally
1.9 'The Town will apply for grant funding to rehabilitate substandard houses and
clear dilapidated houses for low to moderate income persons and the elderly.
Some sources for this funding are: Community Development Blocks Grant
funding, North Carolina Housing Finance Agency funding, and United States
Department of Agriculture funding. $cbedaler ReviewAnnaally
1.10 The Town will prepare a pedestrian access study that identifies the locations of
current sidewalks, the need for sidewalks additions, and the need for
walking/hiking trails. This study will focus on tying together the town various
recreational facilities. fcbedalefFiscal Vear20ff-=0f2.
1.11 Windsor will apply for funding to implement actions determined necessary in the
sidewalks study. $ekedale! Ongoing Activity.
1.12 Windsor will allow the reconstruction of any residential structures demolished by
natural disasters when the reconstruction complies with all applicable local,
state, and federal regulations. $cbedaler Ongoing Activity.
Policies - Commercial/industrial
P.11 Windsor supports commercial development along the Main Street Corridor and
in other areas consistent with the Town's future land use map (see Map 17).
P.12 Windsor desires for new commercial developments to blend with surrounding
neighborhoods.
P.13 Windsor discourages industrial development within fragile areas and areas with
low land suitability (see Map 16). This policy applies to both new industrial
development and to expansion of existing industrial facilities.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 92 August, 2009

P.14 Windsor supports the recruitment and siting of environmentally compatible light
industrial and commercial establishments within its planning jurisdiction in areas
that are already similarly developed or in public or private industrial parks.
P.15 The Town supports the protection of agricultural operations.
P.16 Windsor desires industrial developments to be located adjacent to and/or with
direct access to major thoroughfares.
P.17 The Town supports the development of new industries that are accessible to
existing public water and sewer services.
P.18 The Town wishes to closely regulate industries which are noxious by reason of the
emission of smoke, dust, glare, noise, odor, and vibrations, and those which deal
primarily in hazardous products such as explosives.
P.19 Windsor will continue to work with Bertie County to establish a coordinated
approached to recruiting industrial operations within Windsor, as well as the
County.
P.2O The Town Windsor will continue to support the Downtown Main Street Program
geared towards revitalizing exterior building facades, as well as the overall
aesthetic quality of King Street.
Implementing Actions - Commercial/Industrials
1.13 Windsor will consider expanding the Central Business District towards
Sterlingworth Street and to include more of US Highway 17 Business (from NC
Highway 130 to NC Highway 130). $&edwies Fiscal Yearso07-ZOOS.
1.14 The Town will consider amending the zoning ordinance to include guidelines
regarding the location and appearance (finish/facade) of metal buildings.
$chedaier Fiscal Year 2o*s-2*ov.
1.15 The Town will enforce its zoning regulations for type and location of commercial
and industrial development. $ehedaiei ContinainyActivity.
1.16 Windsor will rely on its zoning ordinance and the CAMA permitting program, if
required, with regard to new industrial development and expansion of existing
industrial facilities. lcheda/ei ContinaingActivity.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan
93
August, 2009

1.17 Windsor will continue to seeks grant funding from the NC Main Street Program
to be utilized for facade improvements in conjunction with the town's
downtown revitalization program. $cbeduief Continuing Activity.
Policies - Conservations
P.21 The Town supports the preservation and maintenance of its environmentally
sensitive areas, while capitalizing on its natural resources through active
promotion of eco-tourism and outdoor recreation.
P.22 Except as otherwise permitted in this plan, residential, commercial, and
industrial development should not be supported in natural heritage areas or
wetlands.
Implementing Actions - Conservation:
1.18 The Town will endeavor to educate the public about environmentally sensitive
areas and what actions they can take to help do their part in preservation.
Education may be done through public service announcements or through
programs run within the Roanohe/Cashie River Center. $ckedu/ei Ongoing
Activity,
1.19 The Town will meet with appropriate agencies to discuss marketing the Town
as a tourist destination because of its natural resources. $cbeduier Ongoing
Activity.
1.20 The Town will strive to protect Windsor's fragile areas from inappropriate,
unplanned, or poorly planned development through the following:
(1) Limit certain land uses in the vicinity of historic sites and natural heritage
areas through enforcement of the Windsor zoning ordinance. Ickedwies
Continuing Activity.
(2) Coordinate all housing code enforcement/ redevelopment projects/public
worlds projects with the NC Division of Archives and History to ensure the
preservation and identification of significant historic structures and
archaeological sites. Significant historic sites are identified on page 54 of
this plan. Ickeduier Continuing Activity.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 94 August, 2009

Policies - ftormwater Controls
P.23 The Town wishes for runoff and drainage from developments to be of a quality
and quantity that is as close to natural occurrences as is practicable.
P.24 The Town discourages the clear cutting of land for development.
P.25 Windsor supports reducing soil erosion, runoff, and sedimentation to minimize
the adverse effects on surface and subsurface water quality.
P.26 The Town supports the enforcement of all controls and regulations, specifically
design standards, tie -down requirements, construction and installation
standards,. elevation requirements; flood -proofing, CAMA regulations, and
FEMA regulations, to mitigate the riskts of lives and property caused by severe
- storms and hurricanes.
P.27 The Town of Windsor supports efforts to reduce pollutants in stormwater runoff
within the Cashie River, through the use of innovative stormwater management
systems.
Implementing Actions - ftormwater Control:
1.21 Windsor will consider establishing a .basis for instituting a stormwater
management program to works in conjunction with its existing ordinances that
will assure the Town complies with all state and federal regulations. Ichedalei
Pitca/ Year 2010-20f3.
1.22 The town will continue to monitor state stormwater policy, and respond to any
new regulations through update of the town's zoning ordinance. Fiscal Years
Review Annually
1.23 The Town of Windsor will cooperate with the NCDOT, the North Carolina
Division of Water Quality, and other state agencies in mitigating the impact of
stormwater runoff on all conservation classified areas. The town will support the
Division of Water Quality stormwater runoff retention permitting process
through its zoning permit system by verifying compliance prior to issuance of a
zoning permit. $chedales ContinainyActivity.
1.24 The Town of Windsorwill attempt to apply for grant funds, and utilize Powell
Bill funds, to improve stormwater drainage systems associated with existing
rights -of -way. $chedaler Continpiny Activity.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 95 August, 2009

1.25 The Town of Windsor will support existing state regulations relating to
stormwater runoff resulting from development (Stormwater Disposal Policy 15A
NCAC 2H.001-.1003), including the,revised coastal stormwater rules, through
enforcement of the town's subdivision ordinance. Jchedaies Continuiny
Activity,
5. Infrastructure Carrying Capacity
a. Management Goal
To provide quality municipal services to all incorporated areas of the Town, as
well as provide roads within the planning jurisdiction that are safe and have an appropriate
level of service while being sensitive to the environment.
b. Planning Obiective
To support activities that reduce traffic congestion and safety problems; and to
ensure that the Town sizes, locates, and manages the public` infrastructure systems so as to
preserve AECs and other fragile areas. It should be noted that some utility lines may need to
extend through some environmentally sensitive areas.
C. Land Use Plan Requirements
The following are Windsor's policies for infrastructure carrying capacity.
Policies - Public Infrastructure Systems:
P.28 The Town encourages in -fill development in an effort to promote efficient use
of land and cost effectiveness for providing public services.
P.29 Windsor supports providing sufficient water and sewer service to promote
economic development and to alleviate public health problems.
P.30 The Town will not permit package sewer treatment plants within its corporate
limits. Pretreatment systems will be required where industrial facilities have the
need for pretreatment prior to entry into the public system.
Implementing Actions - Public Infrastructure Systems:
1.26 Windsor will consider revising water and sewer extension policies to ensure that
public/private cooperation in the provision of infrastructure to serve new
development is encouraged. lchedaief Fiscal Year Review at necettary,
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 96 August, 2009

1.27
In cases where package treatment plants are approved (within, the ETJ), the
Town will require a specific contingency plan specifying how ongoing private
operation and maintenance of the plant will be provided, and detailing
provisions for assumption of the plant into a public system should the private
operation fail. Schedules At plants are approved.
1.28 Windsor will amend the future land use map, when needed, to reflect any water
and/or sewer extension projects. $chedalei ContinainyActivity,
1.29 Windsor will consult the future land use map when considering the locations of
new public facilities and private developments. lchedales Continainy
Activity,
1.30 The Town will rely on the Division of Water Quality to oversee the operation and
management of all package treatment plants in the ET), if applicable.
$ehedaler Continain9 Adtivity.
Policies - Transportation:
P.31 Windsor supports limiting "strip" residential development along highways and
certain roads carrying heavy traffic and encourages service roads or an internal
street pattern to eliminate direct driveway connections to highways and roads.
P.32 . Windsor supports the proper location of development along the US Highway 17
bypass corridor and other major roads within the planning jurisdiction to provide
safe ingress and egress.
P.33 The Town encourages development plans that have an attractive appearance
and utilize green space or open areas to provide buffers between developments
on US Highway 17 Bypass.
P.34 Windsor supports subdivision developments which utilize the North Carolina
Department of Transportation Traditional Neighborhood Development Street
Design Guidelines. A Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND) is a human
scale, walkable community with moderate to high residential densities, a mixed -
use core, and a dense network of narrow streets with a reduced curb radii.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 97 August, 2009

P.35. Windsor specifically supports the following transportation improvement projects
for Bertie County:
Bridge Protect
B-4434 US 17-NC 308, Replace Bridge Number 14 over the Cashie River.
NOTE: The town supports bridge design which will, to the extent practicable,
sustain the appearance of the current bridge and reduce impediment of the
Cashie River floodway.
Road Protects
R-2506 US 13, from US 13 Business north of Windsor to NC 42. Widen to multi -
lanes.
P.36 The Town supports maintaining an effective signage and addressing system for
all streets, roads, and highways.
Implementing Actions - Transportations
1.31 The Town may pursue the planting of street trees along the US Highway IT
Bypass corridor. lchedaiei Fiscal Year 2010-2015.
1.32 Windsor will consider revising the zoning ordinance to provide regulations for
frontage roads. that require them to be far enough from the highway .to
accommodate businesses on both sides of the road. $chedaiei Fiscal Year
20f0-ZOf?,.
1.33 Windsor will require where reasonably possible the utilization of frontage roads
in non-residential development along major state highways. lchedaiesAitcai
Year ZOfO-ZOfZ, and odyoiny.
1.34 Windsor will consider. revising ,its subdivision ordinance to encourage the
development of joint or shared driveways in newly approved subdivisions.
Jchedaies Fiscal Year 2OfO-2Of3.
1.35 Windsor will require the construction of acceleration/deceleration lanes for the
entrances to major commercial and residential developments. Jchedaiei
Confinaimo Activity.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 98 August, 2009

1.36 Windsor will revise the zoning ordinance to require interconnectivity between
new developments, including residential, commercial, and redevelopment
projects. $ckedalei Fiscal Year 2010-201%
6. Natural Hazard Areas
a. Management Goal
To preserve and maintain natural hazard areas and other coastal features for
their natural storm protection functions and their natural resources giving recognition to public
health, safety, and welfare issues.
b. Planning Objective
To develop policies and actions,that minimize threats to life, property, and
natural resources resulting from development located in or adjacent to hazard areas.
c. Land Use Plan Requirements
The following are Windsor's policies and implementing actions for natural hazard
areas.
Policies:
P.37 The Town supports development projects that do not weaken or eliminate
natural barriers to erosion.
P.38 To minimize the hazards to life, health, public safety, and property, Windsor will
discourage development within flood hazard areas.
P.39 The Town supports the US Army Corps of Engineers 404 Wetlands program, the
guidelines of the Coastal Area Management Act, and the use of local land use
ordinances to regulate development of freshwater swamps, marshes, and 404
wetlands. The Town does not want any development as defined by the Town
zoning ordinance to result in any net loss of wetlands.
P.40 The Town supports the construction of bulkheads if they fulfill the use standards
set forth in 15A NCAC 7H.
P.41 Windsor supports relocation of structures endangered by erosion and flooding,
if the relocated structure will be in compliance with all applicable policies and
regulations.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 99 August, 2009

P.42 Windsor recognizes the difficulty in predicting sea level rise and determining
policy decisions regarding it. Therefore, the Town will support cooperation with
local, state, and federal efforts to inform the public of the anticipated effects of
sea level rise.
P.43 Windsor supports hazard mitigation planning. The Town participated in the
FEMA-approved Bertie County Multi -Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan that
is to be updated every five years. The Land Use Plan and Hazard Mitigation
Plan should be consistent with one another. Should there ever be conflicting
policies, the Land Use Plan talges precedence. The Hazard Mitigation Plan
strategies for the Town of Windsor are provided in Appendix 11, and are included
as policy herein.
Implementing Actions:
1.37 Windsor will cooperate with the US Army Corps of Engineers in the regulation
and enforcement of the 404 wetlands permit process. fchedaies Ongoing
Activity,
1.38 The Town will evaluate and revise the Hazard Mitigation Plan. The town will
works towards updating it's Hazard Mitigation Plan prior to the date of
expiration (October 2010). lchedwiei Pima! Year 2009,
1.39 Windsor will coordinate all development within the special flood hazard area
with the Town's Zoning and Code Enforcement personnel, North Carolina
Division of Coastal Management, FEMA, and the US Army Corps of Engineers.
$chedaiei Ongoing Activity,
1.40 Windsor will continue to enforce its existing zoning and flood damage prevention
regulations found in the town's zoning ordinance. Ahedaiei Ongoing
Activity..
1.41 Windsor permits redevelopment of previously developed areas, provided the
projects comply with all applicable policies, regulations, and ordinances.
$chedaiej Ongoing Activity,
1.42 Windsor will enforce the density controls in the town's zoning ordinance.
$chedaiei Ongoing Activity.
1.43 Windsor will utilize the future land use map to assist with controlling the.
locations and types of development. $chedaiei Ongoing Activity,
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 1 100 August, 2009

Z Water Quality
a. Management Goal
To maintain, protect, and where possible enhance water quality in all coastal
wetlands, rivers, streams, and estuaries.
b. Planning Objective
To plan for increased development and economic growth while protecting
and/or restoring the quality and intended uses of surface waters within Windsor and its
planning jurisdiction.
C. Land Use Plan Requirements
The following provides Windsor's policies/implementing actions on water quality.
Polieiess
P.44 Windsor will allow additional boat ramp and waterfront access facilities
provided they meet local, state, and federal requirements.
P.45 The Town of Windsor opposes the construction of package treatment plants
within its corporate limits, except in industrial facilities where pretreatment is
necessary. The Town opposes the installation of package treatment plants and
septic tanks or discharge of waste in any areas classified as freshwater wetlands
(404) or natural heritage areas.
P.46 The Town supports the guidelines of the Coastal Area Management Act and the
efforts and programs of the North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources, Division of Coastal Management and the Coastal Resources
Commission to protect the public trust waters in Windsor.
P.47 Windsor supports conserving its surficial groundwater resources.
P.48 Windsor supports regulation of underground storage tanks in order to protect
its groundwater resources.
P.49 Windsor opposes the disposal of any toxic wastes, as defined by the US
Environmental Protection Agency's Listing of Hazardous Substances and Priority
Pollutants (developed pursuant to the Clean Water Act of 1977), within its
planning jurisdiction.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 101 August, 2009

P.50 Windsor supports the control of stormwater runoff to aid in the preservation of
water quality. The Town will support existing state regulations relating to.
stormwater runoff resulting from development (Stormwater Disposal Policy 15
NCAC 2H.001-.1003).
P.51 Windsor supports. implementation of the Roanoke River Basinwide Water
Quality Management Plan.
P.52 The Town supports management of problem pollutants, particularly biological
oxygen demand and nutrients, in order to correct existing water quality
problems and to ensure protection of those waters currently supporting their
uses.
Implementing Actions:
1.44 -Windsor may develop and distribute a water quality pamphlet that educates
the public about their role in protecting water quality. leheduler fiscal Year
2010-20f36
1.45 The Town will work with Bertie. County to provide a public service
announcement on how the public can contribute to protecting water quality.
$ehedaler fiscal Year 2010-2013.
1.46 Windsor will work with the Roanoke/Cashie River Center to promote and
educate citizens about ways to reduce stormwater pollutants. $chedalei
Ongoing Activity.
1.47 The Town of Windsor will conserve its surficial groundwater resources by
enforcing CAMA and the NC Division of Water Quality stormwater runoff
regulations and by coordinating local development activities involving chemical
storage or underground storage and installation/abandonment with Bertie
County Emergency Management personnel and the NC Division of Water
Quality. The Town will plan for an adequate long-range water supply. In the
planning process, Windsor will cooperate with adjacent local governments to
protect water resources. lchedaler Ongoing Activity.
1.48 The Town will enforce its zoning ordinance to aid in protecting sensitive shoreline .
areas. It will rely on state and , federal agencies to promote and protect
environmentally sensitive areas. $chednlef Ongoing Activity,
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 102 August, 2009

1.49 Windsor will rely on the technical requirements and state program approval for
underground storage tanks (40 CFR, Parts 280 and 281), and any subsequent
state regulations concerning underground storage tanks adopted during the
planning period. $eheda/es Ongoing Activity.
1.50 The Town of Windsor will encourage low impact development techniques.
Ickedyies Ongoing Activity.,
8. Loca/Areas of Concern
a. Management Goal
To integrate local areas of concern (cultural, historic, and scenic areas; economic
development; and general health and human services needs) with the overall goals of CAMA
in the context of land use planning.
b. Planning Obiectiye
To identify local concerns and issues and provide actions to address them.
C. Land Use Plan Requirements
The following provides Windsor's policies/implementing actions on local areas of
concern.
Policies - Cultural, Historic, and scenic Areass
P.53 Windsor will protect its historic resources as a valuable cultural and economic
asset.
P.54 The Town supports development that is consistent with the surrounding areas.
P.55 The Town supports efforts to protect historic properties within its planning
jurisdiction and to perpetuate its cultural heritage.
Implementing Actions - Cultural, Historic, and $cenic Areas:
1.51 The Town will works with the US Army Corps of Engineers to coordinate local
approval of industrial projects with the "404" permitting process. ic/iedWiet .
Ongoing Activity.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 103 August, 2009

1.52 Windsor will guide development so as to protect historic and potentially historic
properties within the Town. lehodaiet OnyoinyActivity.
1.53 Windsor will coordinate all housing code enforcement and/or redevelopment
projects with the NC Division of Archives and History, to ensure that any
significant architectural details or buildings are identified and preserved.
lchedaier Onyoiny Activity,
1.54 Windsor will coordinate all Town public works projects with the NC Division of
Archives and History, to ensure the identification and preservation of significant
archaeological sites.. $chedaie, ContinalnyActivity.
Policies - Economic Development:
P.56 Windsor supports activities that promote the Town as an eco-tourist destination.
pp
P.57 Windsor supports North Carolina Department of Transportation projects to
improve access to the Town.
P.58 The Town encourages economic and community growth and development.
P.59 The Town encourages industrial and commercial development in areas with
existing infrastructure.
P.60 Windsor supports the extension of public infrastructure from existing systems and
encourages the use of central systems for new developments whether residential,
commercial, or industrial in nature.
Implementing Actions - Economic Development:
1.55 The Town of Windsor will works with the Chamber of Commerce and other
services to recruit companies to the area. $chedaier Ongoing Activity,
1.56 The Town will continue to support "Downtown Windsor" to study downtown
revitalization efforts. $chedaiei OnyoinyActivity,
1.57 Windsor will support the following in the pursuit of industrial development:
(1) New heavy industrial developments should be located so that there is no
adverse effect on the Town's ecosystem and be encouraged in areas
where such uses can utilize available infrastructure. $chedaie,
Continrainy Activity.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 104 August, 2009

(2) Re -zone additional parcels for industrial and commercial use along
existing growth corridors with adequate infrastructure existing or
planned and, when the need is demonstrated, provide a consistent
growth policy with amendments.to the future land development map
when revision is needed. This will accommodate the future demand for
additional industrial and commercial development in suitable areas.
$chedWier ContinaingActivity.
Policies - General Health and Human Services Needs:
P.61 The Town desires to have a variety of recreational opportunities. for its citizens.
P.62 Windsor supports a comprehensive program of both active and passive
recreational opportunities.
P.63 Windsor supports the continued public provision of public water, public sewer,
street maintenance and related drainage, police protection, fire protection, and
solid waste disposal to all citizens.
P.64 Windsor supports recycling efforts.
P.65 The Town supports local, state, and federal efforts to minimize the adverse
impact of man-made hazards.
P.66 Windsor supports the construction of water systems with adequate line sizes to
ensure adequate water pressure and fire protection.
Implementing Actions - General Health and Human Services Needs:
1.58 The Town of Windsor will develop a comprehensive recreation plan that
identifies current facilities and deficiencies. IchedalesFilscafVear2O1O-2011.
1.59 The Town will prioritize parks facility needs and apply for Parks and Recreation
Trust Fund money to expand upon parks facilities. lchedaiei FIscai Vear
2O10-2O126
1.60 The Town of Windsor will consider design and funding sources for upgrading
municipal facilities. $chedwiei Fitcai Year 2O10-2012.
1.61 The Town will continue to enforce the.flood hazard reduction provisions of the
Windsor zoning ordinance. $chedaiet ContiniingActivity.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 105 August, 2009

1.62 The Town will prohibit the installation of underground storage tanks in the 100-
year floodplain. $chedaiei ContinaingActivity,
1.63 Windsor will provide sufficient emergency services to all residents by ensuring the
implementation of the following:
(1) Require that all necessary infrastructure firefighting capability/capacity
be provided in new subdivisions and developments. $chedaier
Continaing Activity,
(2) Continue to maintain an effective signage and addressing system for all
streets, roads, and highways. $ehedaief ContinaingActivity.
Implementing Actions - Funding Options
1.64 Windsor will continue to support state and federal programs that are deemed
necessary, cost-effective, and within the administrative and fiscal capabilities of
the Town. These include:
(1) Community Development Blocky Grant Program
(2) Emergency Medical Services
(3) Coastal Area Management Act, including shoreline access funds
(4) Small Business Association
(5) Economic Development Administration Funds
(6) Rural Development/USDA
(7) Federal Emergency Management Program
(8) Parhs and Recreation Trust Fund
$chedaier ContinaingActivity,
1.65 Windsor will selectively support state and federal programs related to the Town.
The Town, through its boards and committees, will monitor state and federal
programs and regulations. It will use opportunities as they are presented to
voice support for or to disagree with programs and regulations that are
proposed by state and federal agencies. $chedaief ContinaingActivity.
1.66 Windsor officials will continue to works with the Army Corps of Engineers and any
other state and federal agencies to ensure continued dredging and maintenance
of river channels as needed to Beep these facilities open to navigation.
(chediries Continuing Activity..
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 106 August, 2009

E. Future Land Use
1. Introduction
The future land use map (Map 17) depicts application of the policies for growth and
development and the desired future patterns of land use and land development through 2030.
The future land use map should include the following:
.• Areas and locations planned for conservation or open space and a description ,
of compatible land uses and activities.
• Areas and locations appropriate for future development with descriptions of the
following characteristics:
+ Predominant and supporting land uses that are encouraged in each
area;
•' Overall density and development intensity planned for each area; and
Infrastructure required to support planned development in each area.
(Note: The locations of areas suitable for more intensive development
are consistent with the town's existing/proposed infrastructure systems.)
• The information depicted on the Environmental Composite Map (Map 9) and
the Land Suitability Analysis Map (Map 16).
The Town of Windsor Future Land Use Plan was drafted with consideration given to the
following:
• The policies and implementing actions included in this plan.
• Land Suitability Analysis (Map 16).
• Preservation of existing residential neighborhoods.
• Key land use issues and vision statement (see pages 7-8).
• Preservation of the Central Business District.
• Preservation of the Historic District.
The future land use map is intended to depict where the various types of land uses will
be acceptable, not necessarily the demand in terms of acreage. NOTE:15A NCAC 7B guidelines
require that the future land use map not exceed the projected need plus 50%. The Town of
Windsor qualifies for an exception because it is located in a slow -growth Tier I county, which
allows for greater flexibility to provide for growth and economic development.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 107 August, 2009

MAP 17
Town of Windsor
Bertie County, NC
Land Use Plan
Future Land Use
Legend
® Windsor Town Limits
® ETJ
l Town of Windsor Historic District
Hydrology
3 Areas Least Suitable for Development (See Map 16)
Future Land Use
Commercial
Office & Institutional
f] Industrial
High Density Residential
Medium Density Residential
Mixed Use
Rural/Residential Agricultural
Conservation
*Please see Map 12 for a more detailed view of the
Windsor Historic District.
N
W F
S
1 inch = 2,800 feet
Feet
0 1,700 3,400 6,800 10,200
KXCP
"olland Planners, Inc.
Page 108

2. Land Use Acreages
Table 37 summarizes the acreages for the future land uses depicted on Map 17. These
acreages reflect the desirable distribution of land uses as depicted on the map. The build -out
of all land outlined within the Town of Windsor's corporate limits and ET) will occur well beyond
2030.
Table 37. Town of Windsor Future Land Use Map Acreages
Corporate Limits ET) Planning Jurisdiction
Land Use Acres % of Total Acres % of Total Acres % of Total
Commercial
99.8
6.7%
112.2
1.9%
212.0
2.8%
Mixed Use
36.1
2.4%
0.0
0.0%
36.1
0.5%
Office & Institutional
349.3
23.5% .
76.3
1.3%
425.7
53%
High Density Residential
86.0
5.8%
0.0
0.0%
86.0
1.1%
Medium Density Residential
576.1
38.8%
150.5
2.5%
726.6
9.7%
Rural Residential/Agricultural
20.6
IA%
4,370.7
72.9%
4,391.3
58.7%
Conservation
202.9
13.7%
1,106.6
185%
1,309.4
17.5%
Industrial
iisi
7.7%
179.8
3.0%
294.8
3.9%
Total
1,485.9
100.0%
5,996.1,
100.0%
7A82.0
100.0%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
This Land Use Plan includes eight separate land use categories. Existing land uses have
been categorized into these same categories. Included. in these, eight existing and future land
use categories are the following: Commercial, Mixed Use; Office/Institutional, High Density
Residential, Medium Density Residential, Rural Residential/Agricultural, Conservation, and
Industrial (see Map 17). These categories are intrinsically tied to the policy section of the plan.
The following sections will categorize/define the allowable uses and net density of land
under each category, as shown on the Future Land, Use Map.
a. Commercial
Commercial areas are those intended for the retail sale of goods and services,
including professional services. This is a non-residential multiple use category that will provide
a wide range of businesses to serve the needs of the community and region.
Allowable Density.- The objective lot density shall be 50% lot coverage by the
principal structure. However, in the Central Business commercial areas, lot coverage may be
100%.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 109 August, 2009

Impervious Surface. The maximum impervious surface coverage shall be
consistent with North Carolina Stormwater Regulations.
Maximum Building Height.• No building in this category is permitted to exceed
So feet.
Permitted Uses. Desirable land uses in this category include high volume/ traffic
generating uses including retail and wholesale goods and services.
Uses Not Permitted Residential uses and other uses which are not related to
retail and wholesale goods and services.
b. Mixed Use
The Mixed- Use land use category provides an environment where convenient
shopping and service facilities exist by promoting compact development of commercial, office,
and service uses while preserving Windsor's historic character. This category is intended to
correspond with the . Central. Business/Historic District and surrounding residential and
commercial areas. This area allows for a rich mixture of diverse land uses while requiring review
and approval of development proposals by the Town.
Allowable Density. There is no minimum lot size. The residential density should
not exceed twelve (12) dwelling units per acre.
Impervious Surface. The maximum impervious Surface, coverage shall be
consistent with North Carolina Stormwater Regulations.
Maximum Building Height. The maximum building height is So feet.
Permitted Uses. Mixtures of commercial office, institutional, single-family, and
multi -family uses will be allowed. This will be an area of high density development.
Uses Not Permitted Industrial uses will be prohibited.
C. Office/Institutional
The Office/Institutional Future land use category has two primary purposes:
• To provide a buffer between_ residential areas and commercial/ industrial
areas; and
• To provide office, institutional and multi -family land uses needing access
to transportation corridors.,
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 110 August, 2009

The 0&1 category is primarily designed to accommodate a compatible mix of
business, professional, institutional, and multi -family uses, in addition to providing a desirable
buffer between commercial and low -density residential uses.
AllowableDensity. Minimum lot size shall be 15,OOO square feet with a residential
density of twelve (12) dwelling units per acre. Commercial use shall not exceed 50% lot
coverage. _
Impervious Surface. The maximum impervious surface coverage shall be
consistent with North Carolina Stormwater Regulations.
Maximum Building Height. No building in this category is permitted to exceed
35 feet.
Permitted Uses. This district is intended to provide a buffer between established
residential districts and commercial and industrial centers. Desirable land uses in this district
include low impact/traffic generating uses as follows: office space, medical/veterinary offices,
home occupations, churches, civic buildings, parrs, municipal structures and multi -family homes.
Uses Not Permitted Primarily commercial and industrial development will be
prohibited within this district. As stated, the primary intent of this district is to minimize traffic
generation and noise associated with land uses generating either large volumes of consumer
traffic and/or industrial traffic related to the shipping or delivery of goods and materials, and
to be utilized as a buffer between incompatible uses.
d. High Density Residential
The High Density Residential future land use category is intended to encourage
dense residential development of mobile homes on individual lots, multi -family properties,
mobile home park developments, and single-family developments on small lots of at least
5,OOO square feet in size.
Allowable Density. Densities will be eight (6) dwelling units per acre or less for
single-family and twelve (12) units per acre for multi -family units.
Impervious Surface. The maximum impervious surface coverage shall be
consistent with North Carolina Stormwater Regulations.
Maximum Building Height. • No building in this category is permitted to exceed
35 feet.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan
91
August, 2009

Fuses.
Permitted Uses: Single-family, multi -family, recreational, and open space land
Uses Not Permitted All non-residential land uses will be prohibited.
e.
Medium Density Residential
The Medium Density Residential land use category is primarily intended for
residential development of single-family homes on 10,000 square foot lots.
Allowable Density.- Densities will be six (6) dwelling units per acre, depending on
lot size.
Impervious Surface: The maximum impervious surface coverage shall be
consistent with -North Carolina Stormwater Regulations.
Maximum Building Height: The maximum building height shall be 35 feet.
Permitted Uses: Single-family residential (including duplexes), open space,
recreation, and conservation.
Uses Not Permitted All non-residential land uses will be prohibited.
f. Rural Residential/Agricultural
The Rural Residential/Agricultural land use category is intended to
accommodate a compatible mixture of single-family dwellings and agricultural uses at lower
densities of approximately two (2) units or less per acre.
Allowable Density. Minimum lot size of 20,000 square feet, or two (2) dwelling
units per acre.
Impervious Surface: The maximum impervious surface coverage shall be
consistent with North Carolina Stormwater Regulations.
Maximum Building Height. The maximum building height is 35 feet.
Permitted Uses: Single-family residential, agricultural, open space, recreation,
and conservation.
Uses Not Permitted. -All non-residential land uses will be prohibited.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 112 August, 2009

g. Conservation
The Conservation category includes park lands and lands identified as least
suitable and of low suitability for development. The conservation category is intended to
provide for effective long-term management of significant limited or irreplaceable areas. The
Town's policy statements and implementing actions support the 15ANCAC7H CAMA regulations
for protection of AECs.
Allowable Density. The minimum lot size for development within the
Conservation category is 20,000 square feet.
Impervious Surface: The maximum impervious surface coverage shall be
consistent with North Carolina Stormwater Regulations.
Maximum Building Height. The maximum building height for this category is 35
feet.
Permitted Uses: This category was established in response to environmentally
sensitive and natural hazard areas identified through the land suitability analysis and
environmental composite discussion earlier in this plan. Due to these factors, land use within.
this category should consist of low density residential housing and recreational/open space with
accessory support uses. All development should be contingent on whether all environmental
impacts have been assessed, and potential effects of natural hazards taken into account.
Development within this category will primarily rely on on -site wastewater treatment facilities.
Uses Not Permitted Non-residential uses are not routinely permitted in this
district. However, proposals for non-residential development will be assessed on a case -by -case
basis by making a determination regarding a given adverse development impact on
environmental conditions.
h. Industrial
This land use category is intended to accommodate those industrial, wholesale,
warehouse, and other uses which by their nature do not create an excessive amount of noise,
odor, smoke, dust, airborne debris, or other objectionable impacts which might be detrimental
to the health, safety, or welfare of surrounding areas. Industrial areas indicated on the Land
Use Plan should be buffered with either Office/Institutional/Multi-Family or Conservation/Open
Space land uses.
Allowable Density. There is no minimum allowable lot size.
Impervious Surface. The maximum impervious surface coverage shall be
consistent with North Carolina Stormwater Regulations.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 113 August, 2009

Maximum Building Height. The maximum building height is 50 feet.
Permitted Uses: Industrial uses which are not detrimental to Windsor's health,
safety or welfare.
Uses NotPermitted Heavy industrial uses, residential uses, and all other uses not
related to industry/manufacturing services.
The Future Land Use Map indicates areas which are least suitable for development
(refer to the Land Suitability Analysis, page 69). This is an overlay, and the underlying land use
categories apply. However, the least suitable areas are those to which particular attention
should be paid by the Town during its review and approval of specific development proposals.
Mitigative action may be required to minimize adverse environmental impacts.
Each of the land use categories is supported by zoning districts contained in the Town's
existing zoning ordinance. Table 38 provides a comparison of the land use categories and the
Town's existing zoning districts. The reader is cautioned that this is an `-`overview" and detailed
analysis must be based on careful review of the Town's zoning ordinance. The terms "generally
consistent, conditionally consistent, and inconsistent" are intended to only be indicators of where
revisions may need to occur for the Town's zoning ordinance to support implementation of this
plan. The land use category descriptions express some "objectives" which may be inconsistent
with the existing zoning ordinance.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 114 August, 2009

Table 38. Future Land Use Plan Compatibility Matrix
Consistency Review of Future Land Use Map Designations and Existing Zoning Districts
Zoning Districts
RA-20
R-10
R-7
R-75
R-5
R-15
R-5MH
R-10MH
0-1
C-1
C-2
M-1
Min. Lot Size (SF)
20,000
Note 1
Note 2
Note 3
Note 4
15,000
51000
10,000
Note 5
None
Note 6
None
Max. Bldg. Height (ft.)
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35,
35
50
35
50
Designations/ Average Density
(du per acre)
Commercial
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
g
g
g
x
Mixed Use
x
x
g
g
g
x
x
x'
9
9
9
x
Office & Institutional
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
g
g
g
x
High Density Residential
x
x
x
g
g
x
g
x
I x
x
x
x
Medium Density Residential
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
x
x
x
x
Rural Residential/Agricultural
g
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Conservation
g
x
x
x
k
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Industrial
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
g
9 = generally consistent
c - conditionally consistent
x - inconsistent
Note 1. Minimum required lot area for the first dwelling unit is 10,000 square feet. Minimum additional lot area for the second dwelling unit is 6,000 square feet.
Note 2. Minimum required lot area for the first dwelling unit is 7,000 square feet: Minimum additional lot area for the second dwelling units is 3,000 square feet. Minimum required
lot area for permitted non-residential uses is 15,000 square feet.
Note 3. Minimum lot size shall be 7500 square feet; 3,000 square feet for each additional dwelling unit; and 15,000 square feet for each additional non-residential use.
Note 4.. Minimum required lot area shall be 5,000 square feet. Minimum required lot area for permitted non-residential uses is 15,000 square feet.
Note 5. All residential lots shall meet the requirements of the R-7 district; all office and institutional uses shall comply with the dimensional requirements of the C-2 district.
Note 6. The total ground area covered by the principal building and all accessory buildings shall not exceed 50% of the total lot area.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan
115
August, 2009

3. Demand Capacity
The Town of Windsor's water and. sewer systems will have surplus capacity through 2030
unless an unanticipated major development/land use is located within the town's planning
jurisdiction. The forecast surplus capacity for each system is identified in Sections VI.A.9 and 10.
Supply/capacity will be continuously monitored to ensure that unanticipated demand does not
exceed capacity.
In 2007, the water system demand was 147 gallons per person per day or 52% of the
system's capacity. This included non-residential consumption. Through 2030, the system can
accommodate approximately an additional2,225 people. There is not an issue/concem with the
town's ability to accommodate future water demand. Table 36 indicated only a 267 population
increase in the water system service area by 2030.
In 2007, the sewer system received an average of 216 gallons of waste per day per person,
47.5% of the systems capacity. The sewer system may accommodate an additional population of
1,280 people, which is less than the growth capacity of the Town's water supply system. The
forecast sewer system capacity will accommodate any projected sewer service demand.
The CAMA planning guidelines require that local governments provide a project of land
demand in an effort to forecast future infrastructure needs. The following table provides a forecast
of estimated land demand based on the population projections outlined on page 19 of the. plan.
NOTE: these projections include the prison population housed at the Bertie Correctional Institution,
which has no impact on the land demand forecast.
Table 39. Town of Windsor - Land Demand Forecast
Total Increased
Existing Land Person Per Increased Increased Increased Acreage
Land Use Use 2005 Acre 2005 Acreage 2010 Acreage 2020 Acreage 2030 2010-2030
Residential* 557.3 0.254 0.0* 10.7 49.8 605
Commercial/Office & Institutional 551.6 0.252 0.0* 10.6 - 49.4 60.0
Recreational 32.0 0.015 0.0* 0.6 2.9 3S
Total 1,140.9 N/A 0.0 21.9 .102.1 124.0
*Population projections show negative population growth from 2007-2010.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 116 August, 2009

SECTION VII.
TOOLS FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT
A. Guide for Land Use Decision Making
It is intended that this document bean integral part of the Town of Windsor decision making
process concerning future land use.. This document should be consulted prior to any decision being
made by the Windsor staff, Planning Board, and/or Board of Commissioners concerning land use
and development.
B. Existing Development Program
The existing management program includes the following ordinances: Zoning Ordinance,
Subdivision Ordinance, Utilities Extension Policies, Minimum Housing Code, Mobile Home and
Trailer Park Ordinance, Federal Flood Insurance Program, North Carolina State Building Code,
Historic District Ordinance, 1992 and 1997 Land Use Plan Update, Water Supply Plan, 2007
Strategic Plan, and Bertie County Multi -Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan.
C. Additional Tools
The Town of Windsor will utilize the following additional tools to implement this plan:
• Conduct annual training sessions for the Town of Windsor Planning Board and Board of
Adjustment.
• The Planning Department staff, in concert with the Planning Board, shall prepare an
annual report assessing the effectiveness of plan implementation. This report shall be
presented to the Town of Windsor Board of Commissioners.
• At a minimum, update the Land Use Plan and implementation process every six to seven
years.
• Maintain a capital improvements plan/program to address the following community
facilities: water, sewer, stormwater, and transportation..
• Rely on the policies and implementing actions included in this plan.
D. Land Use Plan Amendments
At which time the Town of Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan needs to be amended, the Town
will apply the guidelines for Land Use Plan Amendments under Subchapter 7B, Section 0.400 of
the North Carolina Administrative Code. A brief summary of those guidelines is provided below.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 117 August, 2009

• The Land Use Plan may be amended as a whole by a single resolution or in parts by
successive resolutions. The successive resolutions may address geographical sections, county
divisions, or functional units of subject matter.
• The Town must hold a public hearing of which the public has been properly notified.
• Copies of the proposed amendment(s) must be available for review at the Town. Hall
during designated hours.
• The executive secretary or a designated agent of the Coastal Resources Commission shall
be given notice of the public hearing, a copy of the proposed amendment(s), and a reason
for the amendment(s).
• Amendments must be consistent with the Coastal Resources Commission's Land Use
Planning -Guidelines (15A NCAC 7B) and, if possible, with the Land Use Plans of adjacent
jurisdictions.
• If possible, the Town will adopt the plan amendments expeditiously following the close of
the public hearing.
• The Town will provide the executive secretary of the Coastal Resources Commission with
a copy of the amended text or maps, and certification of adoption within 7 days of
adoption.
E. Action Plan/Schedule
1. Citizen Participation
For the preparation of this plan, the Windsor Board of Commissioners adopted a citizen
participation plan on February 8, 2007. A copy of that plan is included as Appendix I. Following
adoption of this plan, Windsor will implement the following to ensure adequate citizen
participation:
• The Town will encourage public participation in all land use decisions and
procedure development processes and encourage citizen input via its boards and
commissions.
• The Town of Windsor will advertise all meetings of the Town's Planning Board and
Board of Adjustment through newspaper advertisements and public service
announcements.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 118 August, 2009

•
The Town will, at least annually, conduct a joint meeting of the Town of Windsor
Board of Commissioners and the Town's Planning Board to identify planning
issues/needs.
•
Ensure that the membership of all planning related and ad hoc advisory
committees has a cross section of Windsor's citizenry.
2.
Action Plan/Schedule
The following
describes the priority actions that will be taken by the Town of Windsor to
implement this CAMA Core Land Use Plan and the fiscal year(s) in which each action is anticipated
to begin and end. This action plan will be used to prepare the implementation status report for
the CAMA Land Use Plan.
Schedule
Begin
End
Policy References
Implementing Actions
P.t - PAThe
Town will consider applying for public access funding to extend the
FY2010
FY2012
riverwalkt located along the Cashie River
P.1- PA
The Town will consider applying for public access funding to improve
FY2011
FV2013
boat ramp facilities on the Cashie River
P.t - P.4
The Town will consider adoption of a riverfront zoning district if it is
FY2008
FY2009
deemed necessary to protect this valuable resource within the town.
P.1- PAThe
Town will consider increasing signage related to the Livemton Parks
FY2010
FV2012
and the Roanoke/Cashie River Center in an effort to increase
awareness about these facilities.
P5 - NO
The Town will prepare a pedestrian access study that identifies the
FV2011
FY2012
locations of current sidewalks, the need for sidewalk additions, and the
need for walking/hiking trails.
P.11 - P.20
Windsor will consider expanding the CBD towards Sterlingworth Street
FY2007 -
Moosand
to include more of US Highway 17 Business.
P.tl - P.20
The Town will consider revising the zoning ordinance to address the
FV2008
FV2012
P.31 - P36
policies contained in this plan.
P.23 - P.27
Windsor will consider establishing a basis for instituting a stomtwater
- FV2010
FV2013
management program to work in conjunction with its existing
ordinances that will assure the Town complies with all state and federal
regulations.
P.31- P.36
The Town may pursue the planting of street trees along the US
FY2010
F112015
Highway 17 Bypass corridor.
P.31 - P.36
Windsor will require where reasonably possible the utilization of
FY2010
FV2012
frontage roads in non-residential development along major state
highways.
P.31- P.36
Windsor will consider revising the subdivision ordinance to address the
FV2010
FY2013
policies contained in this plan.
P.37 - P.43
The Town will evaluate and revise the Hazard Mitigation Plan.
FY2009
FY2010
P.44 - PS2
Windsor may develop and distribute a water quality pamphlet that
FY2010
FY2013
educates the public about their role in protecting water quality.

Schedule
Begin
End
Policy References
Implementing Actions
P.44 - PS2
The Town will work with Bertie County to provide a public service
FY2010
FY2013
announcement on how the public can contribute to protecting water
quality.
P.61- P.66
The Town of Windsor will develop a comprehensive recreation plan
FY2010
FY2011
that identifies current facilities and deficiencies.
P.61- P.66
The Town will prioritize park facility needs and apply for Parks and
FY2010
FY2012
Recreation Trust Fund money to expand upon park facilities.
P.61- P.66
The Town of Windsor will consider design and funding sources for
FY2010
FY2012
upgrading municipal facilities.
F. Resource Conservation Management Action Plan
Positive and Negative Impacts of Land Use Plan Policies
The Town of Windsor believes that the policies, management goals, planning objectives, and land
use plan requirements contained in this document will have positive impacts for the Town.
However, the following could have some negative impacts:
• Possible degradation of water quality in the Cashie River.
• Infrastructure improvements which extend through sensitive environmental areas.
• Potential infringement of growth on sensitive areas.
• Increased stormwater runoff.
• Increased development in some floodplain areas.
The management objectives, policies, and implementing actions address the issues associated with
these possible negative impacts. Mitigating polices are stated on the following pages:
• Conservation, page 94.
• Stormwater Control, page 95.
• Infrastructure Carrying Capacity, page 96.
• Water Quality,.page 101.
Table 40 provides an analysis matrix which summarizes this plan's policies and identifies them as
beneficial, neutral, or detrimental.
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 120 August,2009

Table 40. Policy Analysis Matrix — Land Use Plan Management Topics
d
Policy Benchmarks — Indicate whether the policy is beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D)
Infrastructure Carrying
Management iopics
Public Access
Land Use CompalibHity
Capacity
Natural Hazards
Water Quality
Local Concerns
• more planned access
• reduction in habitat
• water, sewer, and other key
• land uses and
• land use and
• preservation of
locations
loss and fragmentation
community facilities and
developmenl: patterns
development criteria
cultural, historic, and
• upgrades to existing
related to Impacts of
services being available in
that reduce vulnerability
and measures that
scenic areas
access locations
land use and
required locations at adequate
to natural hazards
abate impacts that
• support of economic
• increase pedestrian
development
capacities to support planned
• land uses and
degrade water quality
development
access
• reduction of water
community growth and
development patterns
• coordinate water
• development of
• comply with state access
resource and water
development patterns
that take into account
quality efforts with
human resources
standards to enhance
quality degradation
• during construction of
the existing and planned
Bertie County
• preservation of the
opportunities for state
• balance growth demands
infrastructure systems,
capacity of evacuation
Town's rural
funding
with protection of the
AECs and other fragile
Infrastructure
character
environment
areas should be protected
• minimize development in
• decrease residential
• transportation improvements
floodplains, AECs,
density within Town
should support the efficiency
wetlands, and other
Land Use and
of traffic flow and pedestrian
fragile areas
Development PoHdes
safety
Public Accesso
N
N
N
B
B
P.1
B
P.2
B
N
N
N
B
B
P.3
B
N
N
N
B
B
PA
B
N
N
N
B
B
Land Use
Compatibultys
N
B
B
B
N
B
PS
P.6
N
B
B
B
N
B
P.7
N
B
B
B
N
B
P.8
N
B
B
B
N
B
P.9
N
B
B
B
N
B
P.10
N
B
B
B
N
B
P.11
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.12
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.13
N
B
N
B
B
B
P.14
N
B
N
B
B
B
PAS
N
B
N
B
B
B
P.16
N
B
B
B
B
B
P.17
N
B
B
B
B
B
P.18
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.19
N
B
N
N
N
B
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 121 August, 2009

Table 40 (continued)
Policy Benchmarks — Indicate whether the policy is beneficial (B), neutrol (N), or detrimental (D)
Infrastructure Carryhsg
Management Topics
Public Access
Land Use Compatibility
Capacity
Natural Hazards
Water QualNy
Local Concerns
• more planned access
• reduction in habitat
o water, sewer, and other hey
• land uses and
o land use and
o preservation of
locations
loss and fragmentation
community facilities and
development patterns
development criteria
cultural, historic, and
• upgrades to existing
related to impacts of
services being available in
that reduce vulnerability
and measures that
scenic areas
• access locations
land use and
required locations at adequate
to natural hazards
abate impacts that
o support of economic
o increase pedestrian
development
capacities to support planned
o land uses and
degrade water quality
development
access
o reduction of water
community growth and
development patterns
o coordinate water
o development of
o comply with state access
resource and water
development patterns
that take into account
quality efforts with
human resources
standards to enhance
quality degradation
• during construction of
the existing and planned
Bertle County
o preservation of the
opportunities for state
o balance growth demands
infrastructure systems,
capacity of evacuation
Town's rural
funding
with protection of the
AECs and other fragile
infrastructure
character
environment
areas should be protected
o minimize development In
• decrease residential
• transportation improvements
floodplains, AECs,
density within Town
should support the efficiency
wetlands, and other
Land Use and
of traffic flow and pedestrian
fragile areas
Development Polide=
safety
P.20
N
B
N
N
N
B
P.21
B
B
N
B
B
B
P.22
B
B
N
B
B
B
P.23
N
B
N
B
B
B
P.24
N
B
N
B
B
B
P.25
N
B
N
B
B
B
P.26
N
B
B
B
B
B
P.27
N
B
B
B
B
B
Inhastructum Carrying
Capacitys
P.28
N
B
B
• B
B
B
P.29
N
N
B
N
N
B
Pao
N
N
B
N
N
B
P31
N
B
B
N
N
B
P32
N
B
B
N
N
B
P33
N
B
N
N
N
B
P34
N
B
B
N
N
B
P35
N
N
B
B
N
B
P36
N
N
B
N
N
B
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 122 August, 2009

Table 40 (continued
PeUcy Benchmarks
—Indicate whether the policy is beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental
(D)
Infrastructure Carrying
ManagementTopicsPtt6lic
Access
Land Use CempatikURy
Cotitacity
Natural Hazards
Wafer Quality
Local Concerns
• more planned access
•reduction in habitat
•water, sewer, and other key
•land uses and
•land use and
•preservation of
locations
loss and fragmentation
community facilities and.
development patterns
development criteria
cultural, historic, and
• upgrades to existing
related to impacts of
services being available in
that reduce vulnerability
and measures that
scenic areas
access locations
land use and
required locations at adequate
to natural hazards
abate impacts that
•support of economic
• increase pedestrian
development
capacities to support planned
•land uses and
degrade water quality
development
access
• comply with state access
•reduction of water
resource and water
community growth and
development patterns
development patterns
that take into account
•coordinate water
quality efforts with
•development of
human resources
standards to enhance
quality degradation
•during construction of
the existing and planned
Bertie County
•preservation of the
opportunities for state
•balance growth demands
infrastructure systems,
capacity of 'evacuation
Town's rural
funding
with protection of the
AECs and other fragile
Infrastructure
character
environment .
areas should be protected
•minimize development in
•decease residential
transportation improvements
floodplains, AECs,
density within Town
should support the efficiency
wetlands, and other
Land Use and
of traffic flow_ and pedestrian
fragile areas
Development PeUdes
safety
NalYea! Hazard Areast
P37
B
- N
N
B
B
B
P.38
B
N
B
B
B
B
P.39
B
N
B
B
B
B"
P.4o
B
N
B
B
B
B
P.41
N
N
N
g
g
g
P.42
N
N
N
B
B
B
P.43
N
N
B
N
N
B
Water QYalityt
P.44
B
N
N
N
N
B
P.45
B
N
N
B
B
B
P.46
B
N
N
B
B
B
P.47
N
N
N
B
B
B
P.48
N
N
N
B
B
B
P.49
N
N
N
B
B
B
PSO
B
N
N '.
g
g
g
PSi
B
N
N
B
B
B
PS2
B
N
N
B
B
B

Table 40 (continued)
Policy Benchmarks — Indicate whether the policy is beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental
(D)
Infrastructure Carrying
Management Topics
PahUc Access '
Land Use CompaNhiility
Capacity
Natural Hazards
Water Quality
Local Concerns
• more planned access
• reduction in habitat
• water, sewer, and other hey
• land uses and
• land use and
• preservation of
locations
loss and fragmentation
community facilities and
development patterns
development criteria
cultural, historic, and
• upgrades to existing
related to Impacts of
services being available In
that reduce vulnerability
and measures that
scenic areas
access locations
• increase pedestrian
land use and
development
required locations at adequate
capacities to support planned
to natural hazards
• land uses and
abate impacts that
degrade water quality
• support of economic
development
access
• reduction of water
community growth and
development pattems
• coordinate water
• development of
• comply with state access
resource and water
development patterns
that take into account
quality efforts with
human resources
standards to enhance
quality degradation
• during construction of
the existing and planned
Bertie County
• preservation of the
opportunities for state
• balance growth demands
infrastructure systems,
capacity of'evocuation
Town's rural
funding
with protection of the
AECs and other fragile
infrastructure
character
environment
areas should be protected
• minimize development in
• decrease residential
• transportation improvements
floodplains, AECs,
density within Town
should support the efficiency
wetlands, and other
Land Use and
of traffic flow and pedestrian
fragile areas
Development PeUdes
safety
Local Areas of Concerns
P53
N
B
N
N
N
B
P54
N
B
N
N
N
B
P55
N
B
N
N
N
B
P56
B
N
N
B
B
B
P57
N
N
B
N
N
B
P58
N
D
N
D
D
B
PS9`
N
B
B
B
N
N
P.60
N
D
B
D
B
B
P.61
B
B
N
N
N
B
P.62
B
B
N
N
N
B
P.63
N
B
N
D
D
B
P.64
,N
N
N
B
B
B
PAS
N
B
N
B
B
B
P.66
N
B
B
N
N
B
Windsor CAMA Core Land Use Plan 124 August, 2009

Notes to the Policy Analysis Matrix for those polities deemed Detriznentol i
(A) Areas of Local Concem Economic Development Policy P.58. Any growth may result in
some negative impacts which should be weighed against the positive benefits of growth
for the Windsor Community. The greatest potential detrimental impacts of growth are
anticipated to be in the categories of land use compatibility, protection of natural hazards,
and protection of water quality. The policies and implementing actions included in this
plan must be supported when considering/approving development proposals.
(B) Areas of Local Concern - Economic Development Policy P.60 and General Health and
Human Services Policy P.63. &pansion of infrastructure systems will require the extension
of some systems through environmentally sensitive areas. Careful environmental analysis
should be undertaken and appropriate mitigative action provided.

APPENDIX 1
TOWN OF WINDSOR -
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN
PREPARATION OF A CORE LAND USE PLAN, PHASE I
The Town of Windsor has received a Coastal Area Management Act grant for preparation of a Core
Land Use Plan, Phase I. Adequate citizen participation in the development of the plan is essential
to the preparation of a document responsive to the needs of the citizens of Windsor. To ensure
such input, the following citizen participation program will be utilized by the Town.
The Windsor Board of Commissioners will appoint the Planning Board to work with the Town's
planning consultant to ensure that the final product will be a plan suitable for adoption by the
Town.
Specifically, the planning consultant and the Planning Board will be responsible for ensuring
accomplishment of the following:
• Develop and adopt the Citizen Participation Plan; conduct public information meeting; and
conduct a Town -wide meeting to identify community concerns, key planning issues, and
aspirations. In addition, prepare analysis of existing and emerging conditions.
• Complete analysis of existing and emerging conditions; prepare natural systems analysis
and analysis of land use and development (including Existing Land Use Map). -
Prepare community facilities analysis; prepare/review land suitability analysis and map;
review existing CAMA plan, ordinances, and policies.
The schedule to be utilized for Phase I is included as Exhibit A.
All meetings of the Planning Board and Board of Commissioners at which the Plan will be discussed
will be advertised in a local newspaper. The public information meeting, Town -wide meeting, and
public hearing will also be advertised in a local newspaper. In addition, public service
announcements will be posted at the Town Hall and other public buildings as directed by the
Planning Board and Board of Commissioners. All meetings will be open to the public. The Town
will encourage and consider all economic, social, ethnic and cultural viewpoints. No major non-
English speaking groups are known to exist in Windsor.
1/2/07
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EXHIBIT A
WORK PROGRAM AND SCHEDULE
Phase I
January, 2007
Complete contractual arrangements
February, 2007
Hold a Public Information Meeting at the town's monthly Commissioners
Meeting. Appoint the Planning Board to serve as the responsible board in
preparation of the plan
April, 2007
Hold the initial Planning Board Meeting
Items to discuss: Introduction; Analysis of Existing and Emerging Conditions
*All meetings will be advertised in the local newspaper
May, 2007
Hold a Public Input Work Session, this meeting will be advertised through
a variety of media formats to ensure representation throughout the
community is achieved.
June, 2007
Planning Board meeting will beheld
Items to discuss: Natural Systems Analysis; Environmental Composite Map
July, 2007
Planning Board meeting to be held
Items to discuss: Environmental Conditions; Analysis of Land Use and
Development
August, 2007
Planning Board meeting to be held
Items to discuss: Analysis of Existing Community Facilities/Services; Land
Suitability Analysis
September, 2007
Planning Board meeting to be held
Items to discuss: Review of Current Plans Policies and Regulations
October, 2007
Submit all Phase I revisions to the Planning Board, based on revisions
requested through the development of the plan to date
November; 2007
Submit Phase I of the Town of Windsor CAMA Land Use Plan to NC Division
of Coastal Management for review

TOWN OF WINDSOR
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN
PREPARATION OF A CORE LAND USE PLAN
PHASE II
The Town of Windsor has received a Coastal Area Management Act grant for preparation of a Core
Land Use Plan, Phase II: Adequate citizen participation in the development of the plan is essential
to the preparation of a document responsive to the needs of the citizens of the Town of Windsor. To
ensure such input, the following citizen participation program will be utilized by the Town.
The Windsor Board of Commissioners has appointed the Planning Board to work with the Town's
planning consultant to ensure that the final product will be a plan suitable for adoption by the Town.
Specifically, the planning consultant and the Planning Board will be responsible for ensuring
accomplishment of the following:
• Adopt and implement Citizen Participation Plan for. Phase II.
• Revise preliminary plan based on public review.
• Complete plan for the future (including future land use map and tools for managing
development).
• Present the draft plan to the Board of Commissioners.
Submit plan to state/DCM for review; provide plan to adjacent jurisdictions for review;
conduct public information hearings.
• Review plan. based on state and local review; conduct public hearing; Board of
Commissioners adoption; submit for CRC certification.
The schedule to be utilized for Phase II is included as Exhibit A.
All meetings of the Planning Board and Board of Commissioners at which the Plan will be discussed
will be advertised in a local newspaper. The public hearing will also be advertised in a local
newspaper. In addition, public service announcements will be posted at the Town Hall and other
public buildings as directed by the Planning Board and Board of Commissioners. All meetings will be
open to the public. The Town will encourage and consider all economic, social, ethnic and cultural
viewpoints. No major non-English speaking groups are known to exist in Windsor.
4/16/08
B:\CLIENTS\Windsor\Land Use Plan\CPP, Phase II.wpd

EXHIBIT A
WORK PROGRAM AND SCHEDULE
Phase II
April, 2008
Complete all Phase II contractual arrangements
Adopt the Phase II Citizen Participation Plan
Planning Board meeting will be held
Items to discuss: Future Demands on public services
May/July, 2008
Planning Board meetings will be held
Items to discuss: Introduction to Policy Statements and submittal of draft
Future Land Use Map
August, 2008 ._
Planning Board meeting will be held
Items to discuss: Draft Policy Statements
September, 2008
Planning Board meeting to be held
Items to discuss: Continue discussion over Draft policy statements
October, 2008
Planning Board meeting to be held
Items to discuss: Continue discussion over Draft policy statements; overview
of Plan for the Future
November; 2008
Planning Board meeting to be held
Items to discuss: Review of final document .
December, 2008
Planning Board meeting to be held.
Items to discuss: Review of final draft plan, with all edits, and request for
approval to forward plan to NCDCM for review
Upon receipt of
DCM Comments
Make all edits based on NCDCM comments; meet with the Planning Board to
discuss changes.
Hold a Public Hearing for local adoption by the Town of Windsor Board of
Commissioners
Submit the plan for Coastal Resources Commission certification

Appendix II
II: Mitigation 'Action Plan
This section of the Plan summarizes study conclusions, outlines community goals and
objectives, and describes the action plan to reduce community vulnerability to the effects of
natural hazards in Bertie County. Mitigation objectives are designed to support community goals
while further defining the parameters for development of mitigation actions. Mitigation actions
describe specific steps that are to be undertaken to achieve the stated objectives. Mitigation
actions are intended to serve as benchmarks for evaluating progress on plan implementation.
A. Study Conclusions
With limited financial and staff resources to dedicate to hazard mitigation, it is essential that
those hazards with 'the highest likelihood of occurrence and the greatest potential impact
receive immediate attention. Through hazard identification and analysis and vulnerability
assessment, it has been determined that Bertie County and the participating municipalities of
AskewviIle, -Colerain, Lewiston Woodville, Kelford, Powellsville, Roxobel, and Windsor are
susceptible to the impact of certain natural hazards as summarized at the conclusion of
Appendix A Hazard Identification and Analysis.
Through the hazard mitigation planning process, the cooperating governmental units
determined that the Bertie County area is not at risk for tsunamis or volcanoes, that there is
"very low" risk of earthquakes and landslides/sinkholes, and "low" risk of riverine erosion, and
dam and levee failures. Seven hazards were rated "moderate" risk — coastal erosion, droughts
and heat waves, floods, hurricanes and coastal storms, severe storms and tornadoes, wildfires
and winter storms and freezes.
Moderate Hazard Threats
Coastal Erosion
Coastal erosion potential is limited to a small area of the County along the Chowan River
and the most inland portions of the Albemarle Sound that are susceptible to storm surges
associated with hurricanes and coastal storms.
Droughts and Heat Waves
In general, communities can have little influence or impact on mitigating the impact of
droughts/heat waves on the local government level except through ensuring adequate water
supplies for normal circumstances and through implementation of water conservation
measures when drought conditions are imminent. Similarly, heat waves have wide ranging
effects that are almost impossible to combat on a level, government level. Communities,
therefore, depend upon State and Federal agencies for assistance.
Floods
Flooding is often associated with hurricanes and coastal storms (most often general
flooding) as well as with severe summer storms (typically flash flooding). Floods are the
easiest hazard to quantify and isolate as flooding occurs only in known locations. The
severity of a flood is generally dependent upon the amount of rainfall and prior soil
conditions (including ground cover). Flood hazard vulnerability can be decreased through
adoption and enforcement of local land use regulations and through cooperative, regional
efforts to ensure that upstream jurisdictions are not contributing to downstream flooding
problems.
Bertie County Multi -Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
ll. Mitigation Action Plan —Adopted September 20, 2004 11-1

High Winds (Severe Storms/Tornadoes and Hurricanes/Coastal Storms)
Severe storms and tornadoes as well as hurricanes and coastal storms present high wind
hazards. This hazard is mainly combated through building codes and construction.
Enforcement of the current State building code and enhancement of the code in regards to
wind resistance will prove the most beneficial in addressing high winds.
Wildfires
Fortunately, wildfires in North Carolina, although frequent, are not normally a serious threat
to large areas as is the case in western states where dry weather conditions and large
expanses of timber increase the likelihood and extent of the impact of a wildfire. The North
Carolina Division of Forest Resources has the responsibility for protecting state and privately
owned forest land from wildfires. The program is managed on a cooperative basis with all
one hundred counties in the State. The State fire program emphasizes fire prevention
efforts; pre -suppression activities (including extensive training of personnel); aggressive
suppression efforts on all wildfires; and law enforcement follow-up.
Winter Storms and Freezes
Local governments also look to the State and to private utility companies for leadership in
dealing with winter storms/freezes. The typical effects of snow and ice accumulation - loss
of electrical power, phone, and cable service and treacherous road conditions - can be only
minimally addressed at the local level. .
Statement of Commitment to Mitigating Impacts of Natural Hazards
Based on this analysis, the primary responsibility of the participating local governments should
be to take action to reduce the level of vulnerability of people and property to future flooding
and, as possible at the local level, to the threat of damage from high winds. Thus, the elected
and appointed leadership and the citizens of Bertie County and the participating municipalities
commit to engage in activities and practices, both as individuals and as members of the larger
community of Bertie County, to mitigate the impacts of future natural hazards with particular
emphasis on mitigating the effects of flooding and secondarily on mitigating the effects of high
winds, as practicable at the local government level.
B. Community Goals
The primary goal of all local governments is to promote the public health, safety, and welfare of
the citizens of the community. In keeping with this standard, Bertie County and the participating
municipalities have developed four goal statements for local hazard mitigation planning. Each
goal,- purposefully broad in nature, serves to establish parameters that were used in developing
more specific objectives and mitigation actions. Consistent implementation of objectives and
actions will over time ensure that community goals are achieved.
Goal #1 Protect the public health, safety and welfare by increasing public awareness of
hazards and by encouraging collective and individual responsibility for mitigating
hazard risks.
Goal #2 Improve technical capability to respond to. hazards and to improve the
effectiveness of hazard mitigation actions.
Goal #3 Enhance existing or create new policies and ordinances that will help reduce the
damaging effects of natural hazards.
Goal #4 Protect the most vulnerable populations, buildings, and critical facilities through
the implementation of cost-effective and technically feasible mitigation actions. -
Bertie County Multi -Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
ll. Mitigation Action Plan — Adopted September 20, 2004 11-2

C. Mitigation Objectives
Mitigation objectives are designed to support community goals while further defining parameters
for development of mitigation actions. Objectives are numbered to correspond with the goal that
each supports.
Objective 1.1
The County and municipalities will engage in activities and practices that
will help mitigate the impacts of natural hazards.
Objective 1.2
The County and municipalities will implement a public awareness
campaign to educate citizens of the possible hazards associated with
locating in floodplains and of . measures that can be taken to lessen
impacts of future floods.
Objective 2.1
The County and municipalities will work to ensure that emergency
services are adequate to protect public health and safety.
Objective 3.1
The County and municipalities will work together to seek ways to protect
wetlands, floodplains, and other natural features that serve to reduce
flood hazard susceptibility.
Objective 3.2
The County and municipalities will enforce National Flood Insurance
Program (NFIP) development standards and. also study additional
methods that would help prevent increases in flood velocities and levels
that endanger both people and property. (Some of the municipalities will
be adopting flood damage prevention regulations for the first time by
November 1, 2004 as required by NCEM/FEMA.)
Objective 4.1
The County and municipalities will continue to restrict development in
known or predictable pathways of natural hazards such as in identified
floodplains. Where hazard locations cannot be predicted, as in the case
of hurricane force winds, the County and municipalities will continue to
ensure that new structures are built to be as resilient as possible to the
impacts of a natural hazard.
Bertie County Multi -Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
ll. Mitigation Action Plan — Adopted September 20, 2004 11-3

D. Mitigation Actions
The Bertie County Mitigation Action Plan is depicted in Table II-1. Mitigation actions that are
to be undertaken by the County as the lead agency with the municipalities serving in a
supporting role where appropriate. Mitigation actions were developed with an eye toward
reducing vulnerability to all natural hazards that can be addressed in a practicable way at
the local level. The listed actions do, however, primarily focus on ways Bertie County and
the municipalities can act to lessen and, ideally, eventually eliminate repetitive flood losses
and prevent future flood losses from inappropriate new development.
Mitigation actions were developed and prioritized by County and town staff responsible for
implementation of the specific action (see Tables II-1 and II-2). The planning team reviewed
the results of the hazard identification and analysis; vulnerability assessment; and the
community capability assessment in determining which mitigation actions should be
undertaken. The County and towns also worked together to determine:
1. Cost effectiveness, i.e., do.returns or savings' produced by implementation of the
action outweigh the cost of implementation?
2. Environmental impact, i.e., are actions designed to protect environmentally fragile
areas as natural stormwater storage areas? and
3. Technically feasibility, i.e., can the action be undertaken by the County/towns using
current staff and local funds, State, or Federal funds, or do other funding sources
need to be identified?
The County and towns categorized actions as low, moderate or high priority based on
assessment of the need for the specific action, the" projected cost of implementation, the
potential beneficial effects from implementation of the action, and available funding sources.
The implementation years - between 2004 and 2009 — were determined using projected
resources (personnel, vehicles, etc.) and operating funds. As discussed under Study
Conclusions, the planning team determined that some potential actions were more
appropriately addressed at the State level due to long established priorities and
responsibilities assumed by the. State of North Carolina and local governments.
A process for prioritization of identified hazard mitigation strategies was performed. The hazard
mitigation advisory committee used the following criteria for prioritization of hazard mitigation
strategies:
1) effectiveness in meeting hazard mitigation goals and comprehensive plan goals
In developing actions, the County and municipalities relied on the following six mitigation
policy categories provided by FEMA:
1. Prevention (P) Measures
Preventive measures are intended to keep hazard problems from getting worse.
They are particularly effective in reducing a community's future vulnerability,
especially in areas where development has not occurred or .where capital
improvements have not been substantial. Examples of prevention measures include:
(a) Comprehensive land use planning
(b) Zoning regulations
(c) Subdivision regulations
(d) Open space preservation
(e) Building code
(f) Floodplain development regulations
(g) Stormwater management
Bertie County Multi -Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
ll. Mitigation Action Plan — Adopted September 20, 2004 11-4

2. Property Protection (PP) Measures
Property protection measures protect existing structures by modifying the building to
withstand hazardous 'events, or removing structures from hazardous locations.
Examples of property protection measures include:
(a) Building relocation
(b) Acquisition and clearance
(c) Building elevation
(d) Barrier installation
(e) Building retrofit
3. Natural Resource (NR) Protection
Natural resource protection activities reduce the impact of natural hazards by
preserving or restoring natural areas and their mitigative. functions. Such areas
include floodplains, wetlands, and dunes. Parks, recreation or conservation
agencies and organizations often implement these measures. Examples include:
(a) Wetland protection
(b) Habitat protection
(c) Erosion and sedimentation control
(d) Best management practices (BMPs)
(e) Stream dumping
(f) Forestry practices
4. Emergency Services (ES) Measures
Although not typically considered a mitigation technique, emergency service
measures do minimize the impact of a hazard event on people and property. These
commonly are actions taken immediately prior to, during, or in response to a hazard
event. Examples include:
(a) Hazard warning system
(b) Emergency response plan
(c) Critical facilities protection
(d) Health and safety maintenance
(e) Post -disaster mitigation
5. Structural Projects (S)
Structural mitigation projects are intended to lessen the impact of a hazard by
modifying the environmental natural progression of the hazard event. The projects
are usually designed by engineers and managed or maintained by public works staff.
Examples include:
(a) Reservoirs, retention and detention basins
(b) Levees and floodwalls
(c) Channel modifications
(d) Channel maintenance
6. Public Information Activities (PI) Activities
Public information and awareness_ activities are used to advise residents, business
owners, potential property buyers, and visitors about hazards, hazardous areas, and
mitigation techniques that the public can use to protect themselves and their
property. Examples of measures to education and inform the public include:
(a) Map information
(b) Outreach projects
Bertie County Multi -Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
A Mitigation Action Plan — Adopted September 20, 2004 11-5

(c) Library
(d) Technical Assistance
(e) Real estate disclosure
(f) Environmental education
Mitigation Action Tables - Explanation of Columns and Acronyms
Action #
Action # corresponds to FEMA mitigation policy categories listed above.
Action
Description of action to be undertaken.
Hazard
Liazard which the action addresses.
Objective(s) Addressed
Reference to the numbered objective which the action supports.
Relative Priority
Low, moderate or high priority for funding and implementation.
Funding Sources
State and Federal sources of funds are noted, where applicable.
Responsible Party
Note: The Bertie County Board of Commissioners and the individual Town boards
have ultimate authority to approve 'any policy, program or regulation revisions.
Implementing mitigation actions specific to each participating town are the
responsibility of the Town Mayor, or a designated Town employee.
Acronyms
BC — Bertie County Board of Commissioners
BI — Bertie County Building Inspections
CM — Bertie County Manager
EMC - Bertie County Emergency Management Coordinator
FEMA - Federal Emergency Management Agency
NCDENR — NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources
NCDOT - North Carolina Department of Transportation
NCEM - North Carolina Division of Emergency Management
NRCS — Natural Resources Conservation Service
USACE — US Army Corps of Engineers
Target Completion Date
Date by which the action should be completed.
Bertie County Multi -Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
ll. Mitigation Action Plan — Adopted September 20, 2004 11-6

Table 11-1'Bertie County Mitigation Action Plan
Action
-
Actions
Hazard
Objective(s)
Relative
Funding
Responsible
Target
Completion
#
. ,
Addressed
Priority .
Sources
Panty ,
Date
Preventive Actions
FEMA
EMC
P-1
Revise/update regulatory floodplain maps.
Flood
1.1
High
NCDENR
2006-2007
NCEM
Develop a geographic information system (GIS). Use the GIS to map
1.1
BC
P-2
current land uses and to map proposed future land uses (CAMA Land
All
3.1
High
Local
EMC
2006-2007
Use Plan Update) as an aid in assessing community vulnerability.
3.2
BI
P-3
Consider participating in the Community Rating System (CRS) to
Flood
3.2
Moderate
Local
BC
EMC
2007-2008
reduce flood insurance premiums for citizens.
BI
At the next CAMA Land Use Plan Update:
1. Establish more specific growth guidelines and policies and
specifically delineate sensitive environmental areas for protection;
BC
P-4
2• Adopt a more limited policy on the types of uses allowed within
All
1'1
Moderate
Local
CM
2007-2008
flood. hazard areas.
4.1
3. Adopt a policy to not extend public services and utilities into flood
EMC
.hazard or other environmentally sensitive areas to discourage
growth.
Consider adopting a zoning ordinance that:
1. Establishes zoning districts and sets standards for future
development.
1.1
P-5
2. Includes standards clustering of residential lot development to
s
All
3.1
Moderate
Local
CM
2007-2008
help preserve flood hazard areas from development.
4.1
3. Includes a flood hazard overlay zone to ensure that inappropriate
development is adequately controlled.
P-6
Consider adopting subdivision regulations that include minimum
All
3.1
Moderate
Local
BC
2007-2008
standards for property divisions.
4.1
CM
Review and update the flood damage prevention ordinance to:
1. Ensure maximum protection from flood hazard events.
2. Raise the minimum finished floor elevation to at least 2' above
3'2
BC
P-7
base flood elevation (BFE) to provide more flood protection for
Flood
4
High
Local
EMC
2005-2006
new or substantially improved structures.
'1
BI
3. Consider prohibiting any fill within the 100-year floodplain to
discourage development.
Bertie County Multi -Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
IL Mitigation Action Plan — Adopted September 20, 2004
11-7

Action
Actions
Hazard
Objectives)
Relative
Funding
Responsible
Target
Completion
p
Addressed
Priority,
Sources
Party
Date
4. Prohibit enclosures to the lower areas of elevated buildings,
including breakaway walls.
5. Continue to require and maintain FEMA elevation certificates for
all permits for new buildings or improvements to buildings on lots
including any portion of the 1 00-ear flood lain.
Inventory existing lots and structures within flood hazard areas to
BC
P-8
establish baseline data regarding current state of development within
Flood
1.1
Moderate
Local
BI
2007-2008
flood hazard areas.
EMC
Property Protection Actions. =
PP-1
Prioritize repetitive flood loss properties for a
acquisition and relocation.
FEMA
BC
Seek Federal and State funding(voluntaryro ram CRS 420/520 .
Flood
1.1
High
NCEM-
CM
2006-2007
Establish a coordinating committee to ensure that all parties
BC
PP-2
responsible for stormwater management within the County
Flood
1.1
Moderate
Local
NRCS
2007-2008
communicate to ensure maximum cooperation in developing and
3.1
EMC
maintaining stormwater drainage systems.
BI
BC
PP-3
Establish and maintain a coordinated debris inspection and removal
Flood
1.1
Moderate
Local
NRCS
2007-2008
program.
3.1
EMC
BI
Emerge cServices
Review rebuilding activities in wake of recent hurricanes and flooding
BC
ES-1
and establish policies/procedures for minimizing repetitive flood
Flood
1.1
High
Local
BI
2005-2006
losses.
EMC
-
BC
ES-2
Ensure adequate evacuation time in case of a major hazard event.
All
2.1
High
Local
EMC
2005-2006
NCDOT
ES-3
Evaluate areas with limited evacuation capacity and pursue methods
BC
for improving capacity
All
- 2.1
High
Local
EMC
2005-2006
NCDOT
Public Information' Activities ;.
PI-1
Establish and maintain information on retrofitting techniques at the
BC
public library. Publicize through citizen news bulletins.
All
.
12
High
Local
CM
Ongoing
BI
BC
PI-2
Advise/assist property owners in retrofitting homes and businesses.
All
1.2
High
Local
CM
Ongoing
BI
Source: Berne County.
Bertie County Multi -Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
IL Mitigation Action Plan — Adopted September 20, 2004 11-8

r Table II-2: Mitigatio'n .Action Plan`
Towns of Askewville, Colerain, Kelford, Lewiston Woodville, Powellsville, and Roxobel
I
Action
# :
Actions
:
Hazard
Objective(s)
Addressed
Relative
Priority
Funding
Sources
Responsible
Party
Target
Completion
,
Date
Preventive
Actions
FEMA
EMC
P-1
Revise/update regulatory floodplain maps.
Flood
1.1
High
NCDENR
BI
2006-2007
NCEM
Towns
Support Bertie County in the development of a geographic
1.1
BC
. P-2'
information system. Use the GIS to map current land uses and
All
1
3g
Hih
Local
EMC
2006-2007
to map proposed future land uses (CAMA Land Use Plan
3'2
BI
Update) as an aid in assessingcommunityvulnerability.
Towns
BC
P-3
Consider participating in the Community Rating System (CRS)
Flood
3.2
Moderate
Local
EMC
2007-2008
to reduce flood insurance premiums for citizens.
BI
Towns
At the next CAMA Land Use Plan Update:
1. Establish more specific growth guidelines and policies
and specifically delineate sensitive environmental areas
BC
for protection;
P-4
2. Adopt a more limited policy on the types of uses allowed
All
4.1
Moderate
Local
EMC
2007-2.008
within flood hazard areas.
Towns
3. Adopt a policy to not extend public services and utilities
into flood hazard or other environmentally sensitive
areas to discourage growth.
Consider revising zoning ordinances to:
1. Include standards for clustering of residential lot
1.1
BC
P-5
development to help preserve flood hazard areas from
All
3.1 .
Moderate
Local
CM
2007-2008
development.
4.1
Towns
2. Include a flood hazard overlay zone to ensure that
inappropriate development is adequately controlled.
BC
P-6
Study the feasibility of adopting subdivision regulations.
All
3.1
Moderate
Local
CM
2007-2008
Towns
Bertie County Multi -Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
ll. Mitigation Action Plan — Adopted September 20, 2004 11-9

Action
Actions
Hazard
Ob'ective s
O
Relative
Funding
Responsible
Target ,
Completion
#
Addressed
Priority
Sources
Party
Date
Work with Bertie County to review and update the flood damage
prevention ordinance to:
1. Ensure maximum protection from flood hazard events.
2. Raise the minimum finished floor elevation to at least 2'
above base flood elevation (BFE) to provide more flood
protection for new or substantially improved structures.
BC
P-7
3. Consider prohibiting any fill within the 100-year
Flood
3.2
High
Local
EMC
2005-2006.
floodplain to discourage development.
4.1
BI
4. Prohibit enclosures to the lower areas of elevated
Towns
buildings, including breakaway walls.
5. Continue to require and maintain FEMA elevation
certificates for all permits for new buildings or
improvements to buildings on lots including any portion
of the 1 00-ear flood lain.
Inventory existing lots and structures within flood hazard areas
BC
P-8
to establish baseline data regarding current state of'
Flood
1.1
Moderate
Local
2007-2008
development within flood hazard areas.
EMC
Towns
Propert Protection Actions
Work with Bertie County to establish a coordinating committee
BC
to ensure that all parties responsible for stormwater
NRCS
PP-1
management within the County communicate to ensure
Flood
1'1
3.1
Moderate
Local
EMC
2007-2008
maximum cooperation in developing and maintaining '
BI
stormwater drainage systems.
Towns
BC
PP-2
Work with Bertie County to establish and maintain a coordinated
1.1
NRCS
debris inspection and removal program.
Flood
3.1
Moderate
Local
EMC
2007-2008
BI
Towns
Emerge cServices.
Work with Bertie County Emergency Management to review
BC
ES-1
rebuilding activities in wake of recent hurricanes and flooding
Flood
1.1
High
Local
BI
2005-2006
and establish policies/procedures for minimizing repetitive flood
EMC
losses
Towns
ES-2
Work with Bertie County Emergency Management to ensure
All
2.1
High
Local
BC
EMC
2005-2006
adequate evacuation time in case of a major hazard event.
.
NCDOT
Bertie County Multi -Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
ll. Mitigation Action Plan — Adopted September 20, 2004 11-10

Action
Actions
Hazard
Objectives)
Relative
Funding
Responsible
Target
Completion
#
Addressed
Priority
Sources
Party
Date
Towns
BC
ES-3
Work with Bertie County to evaluate areas with limited
All
2.1
High
Local
EMC
2005-2006
evacuation capacity and pursue methods for improving capacity
NCDOT
Towns
Public Information Activities-.- _
Work with Bertie County to establish and maintain information
BC
PI-1
on retrofitting techniques at the public library. Publicize through
All
1.2
High
Local
BI
Ongoing
citizen news bulletins.
Towns
BC
PI-2
Work with Bertie County to advise/assist property owners in
All
1.2
High
Local
CM
Ongoing
retrofitting homes and businesses.
BI
Towns
Bertie County Multi -Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
ll. Mitigation Action Plan — Adopted September 20, 2004

Table 11-3: Mitigation Action Plan - Town of Windsor
Action
Actions
Hazard
Objective(s)
Relative
Funding
Responsible
Target
Completion
#
Addressed <
Priority.
Sources
Party..Date
Windsor
Continue to support Bertie County in in the NC
All
1.1
High
g
County
BI
Ongoing
P-1
State BuildingCode.
Windsor
Work with Bertie County provide new home and property
P 2
buyers with information on wind proofing, including from
Wind
4.1
High
County.
BI
Ongoing
impacts of trees near the propert .
Windsor
Continue to participate in coordination with the Bertie
1
P-3
County Emergency Management office to create and
All
1.2
high
County
EM
Ongoing
disperse information about the Ian and evacuation routes.
Work with Bertie County to develop a Geographical
Windsor
Information System (GIS). Use the GIS to map current
P-4
land uses and to map proposed future land uses (CAMA
All
1.1
High
County
BC
On
Land Use Plan Update) as an aid in assessing community
vulnerability.
Windsor
Consider instituting a preferential tax that encourages
1'1
P-5
development outside of the floodplain, but discourages
Flood
4.1
Moderate
Local
WTA
2006-2007
development within it.
Windsor
Study revising the current Zoning Ordinance to include
Flood
1.1
Low
Local
WTA
2007-2008
P-6
floodproofing the Central Business District.
Windsor
P-7
Consider participating in the Community Rating System.
All
. 11
2.2
Low
Local
Count
WTA
2007-2008
Consider amending the Zoning and Subdivision
Windsor
Ordinances to incorporate shoreline vegetation protection
All
1.1
Low
Local
WTA
2007-2008
P-8
buffers in the Cashie River Floodplain, as well as
designation of 404 Wetlands.
Windsor
Support Bertie County in evaluating the possibility of a
P-9
hazard warning system to alert citizens of the possibility of
All
1.2
High
County
EM
Ongoing
a natural hazardous event.
Windsor
Work with Bertie County to advise and educate local
PI-1
contractors regarding the development of safe housing
All
1.3
High
County
BI
Ongoing
through written materials or a community workshop.
Windsor
Consider holding a city -sponsored hazard mitigation
All
1.1
High
Local
WTA
2005-2006
PI-2
seminar for the communityresidents, includinginformation
Bertie County Multi -Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Il. Mitigation Action Plan — Adopted September 20, 2004 I1-12

Action
Actions
Hazard
Objective(s)
Relative
Funding.
Responsible ,
Target
Completion
#
Addressed
Priority
Sources
Party:
Date
on preparedness for all hazards significant to Windsor.
Windsor
Continue to monitor trees and branches in public area at
1.1
PP-1
risk of breaking or falling in windstorms, or any other
All
4.2
High
Local
PW
Ongoing
natural hazardous event.
Windsor
Study the impacts of developing a Comprehensive
Flood
1.1
Low
Local
WTA
2007-2008
NR-1
Drainage Plan to maximize drainage efficiency.
3.1
Windsor
Support the US Army Corp of Engineers in analyzing the
Federal
NR-2
presence of hydric soils that may indicate the location of
All
1.1
High
State
USACE
Ongoing
wetlands.
Windsor
Consider limiting the additional construction of impervious
All
1.1
Moderate
Local
i
WTA
i
2006-2007
I
S-1
surfaces to reduce the amount of storm water runoff.
I I
source: gown or wmosor -
Abbreviations., EMC — Bertie County Emergency Management Coordinator, USACE — United States Army Corp of Engineers, WTA — Windsor Town Administrator, PW — Public Works, BI - Bertie County
Building Inspections
Bertie County Multi -Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
ll. Mitigation Action Plan — Adopted September 20, 2004

Appendix III
Policy/Implementing Action
Definitions of Common Terms
1. Should: An officially adopted course or method of action intended to be followed to
implement the community goals. Though not mandatory as "shall," it is still an"obligatory
course of action unless -clear reasons can be identified'that an exception is warranted.
County staff and Planning Board involved at all levels from planning to implementation.
2. Continue: Follow past and present procedures to.maintain desired goal, usually with County
staff involved at all levels from planning to implementation.
3. Encourage: Foster the desired goal through County policies. Could involve County financial -
assistance.
4. Enhance: Improve current goal to a desired state through the use of policies and County
staff at all levels of planning. This could include financial support.
5. Identi Catalog and confirm resource or desired item(s) through the use of County staff
and actions. ,
6. Implement: Actions to guide the accomplishment of the Plan recommendations.
7. Maintain: Keep in good condition the desired state of affairs through the use of County
policies and staff. Financial assistance should be provided if needed.
8. Prevent: Stop described event through the use of appropriate County policies, staff actions,
Planning Board actions, and County finances, if needed.
9. Promote: Advance the desired state through the use of County policies and Planning.Boards
and staff activity at all levels of planning. This may include financial support.
10. Protect: Guard against a deterioration of the desired state through the use of County
policies, staff, and, if needed, financial assistance.
11. Provide: Take the lead role in supplying the needed financial and staff support to achieve
the desired goal. The County is typically involved in all aspects from planning to
implementation to maintenance.
12. Strengthen: Improve and reinforce the desired goal through the use of County policies,
staff, and, if necessary, financial assistance.
13. Support: Supply the needed staff support, policies, and financial assistance at all levels to
achieve the desired goal.
14. Work: Cooperate and act in a manner through the use of County staff, actions, and policies
to create the desired goal.