1997 Land Use Plan-1999

TOWN OF WINDSOR
NORTH CAROLINA
1997 LAND USE PLAN
Adopted by the Windsor Board of Commissioners: June 10, 1999
Certified by the Coastal Resources Commission: July 23, 1999
The preparation of this document was financed in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal
Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration.

TOWN OF WINDSOR
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION I: ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
A.
Im
C.
!9
1 E.
Page
INTRODUCTION ............................................
I-1
1.
Establishment of Information Base .............................
I-1
2.
Goals/Objectives........................................
I-3
POPULATION, HOUSING, AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ..............
I-5
1.
Permanent Population .....................................
I-5
a. Regional and County ................................
I-5
b. Town of Windsor ...................................
I-5
C. Composition and Age ................................
I-5
2.
Seasonal Population ......................................
I-10
3.
Housing Characteristics ....................................
I-10
4.
Summary .............................................I-12
ECONOMY.................................................I-12
1.
Regional Economy .......................................
I-12
2.
Local Economy.........................................I-15
EXISTING LAND USE.........................................I-21
1.
Introduction ............................................
I-21
2.
Urban and Developed Land .................................
I-22
a. Residential.......................................I-22
b. Commercial......................................I-25
C. Public/Semi-Public..................................
I-26
d. Transportation/Public Utilities ..........................
I-26
e. Industrial ........................................
I-27
f. Forest and Agricultural Lands ..........................
I-27
3.
Basinwide Water Quality Management ..........................
I-28
4.
Existing Land Use Issues ...................................
I-29
5.
Development Potential .....................................
I-30
6.
Existing Ordinances and Land Use Controls .......................
I-31
a. Zoning Ordinance ..................................
I-31
b. Subdivision Ordinance ...............................
I-32
C. Utilities Extension Policies .............................
I-32
d. Minimum Housing Code ..............................
I-33
e. Mobile Home and Trailer Park Ordinance ...................
I-33
f. Federal Flood Insurance Program ........................
I-33
g. North Carolina State Building Code .......................
I-33
h. Downtown Windsor Revitalization Study ...................
I-33
i. Historic District Ordinance ............................
I-34
j. Windsor Parking Study ...............................
I-34
k. Town of Windsor Land Use Plan Update, 1986 and 1992 .........
I-34
1. Town of Windsor Water Supply Plan ......................
1-34
7.
Effectiveness of the 1992 Land Use Plan and Policies ................
I-35
DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS: PUBLIC FACILITIES .................
1-35
1.
Water Supply ...........................................
I-35
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F.
Page
2.
Sewage Disposal ........................................
I-37
3.
Drainage..............................................I-37
4.
Solid Waste Disposal ......................................
I-38
5.
Schools..............................................I-38
6.
Transportation ..........................................
I-39
7.
Police...............................................I-40
8.
Fire ............. ..... .......................... .....I-40
9.
Emergency Medical Service .................................
I-40
10.
Health Care ............................................
I42
11.
Recreation............................................I-42
12.
Electrical Distribution .....................................
I43
13.
Administration ..........................................
I-43
DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS: LAND SUITABILITY .................
I-44
1.
Topography/Geology.....................................I-44
2.
Flood Hazard Areas ......................................
I-44
3.
Soils................................................I-47
4.
Man -Made Hazards/Restrictions ..............................
I-53
5.
Fragile Areas ...........................................
I-53
a. 404 Wetlands .....................................
I-54
b. Slopes in Excess of 12% ..............................
I-55
C. Excessive Erosion Areas ..............................
I-55
d. Historic and Archeological Sites .........................
I-55
e. Public Trust Areas ..................................
I-59
f. Cashie River Floodway and Hardwood Swamp ...............
I-60
6.
Areas of Resource Potential .................................
I-61
a. Prime Farmlands ...................................
I-61
b. Forestlands.......................................
I-62
C. Public Parks ......................................
I-62
d. Marine Resources ..................................
I-62
e. Peat/Phosphate Mining ...............................
I-64
SECTION II: PROJECTED LAND DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
V
PROJECTED DEMAND FOR DEVELOPMENT ........................ II-1
1. Demographic Trends ...................................... II-1
a. Regional and County ................................ II-1
b.. Town of Windsor ................................... II-1
2. Commercial and Industrial Land Use ........................... II-1
3. Housing Trends ......................................... II-4
4. Public Land Use ......................................... II-4
5. Areas Likely to Experience Major Land Use Change ................. II-5
6. Summary .............................................II-5
PROJECTED PUBLIC FACILITIES NEEDS/AVAILABILITY ............... II-6
REDEVELOPMENT ISSUES.....................................II-9
INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION ..... II-10
SECTION III: TOWN OF WINDSOR LAND CLASSIFICATION ................. III-1

Paee
SECTION IV: POLICY STATEMENTS
A. INTRODUCTION TO POLICY STATEMENTS ....................... IV-1
B. VISION STATEMENT ........................................ IV-2
C. RESOURCE PROTECTION POLICIES ............................. IV-2
D. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES ............ IV-10
E. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT POLICIES ........... IV-14
F. CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .......................... IV-23
G. STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST -DISASTER RECOVERY, AND
EVACUATION PLANS ....................................... IV-23
SECTION V: RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES AND LAND CLASSIFICATIONS
A. DEVELOPED CLASS .......................................... V-1
B. DEVELOPED TRANSITION CLASS ................................ V-1
C. RURAL WITH SERVICES ....................................... V-1
D. CONSERVATION CLASS ....................................... V-2
TABLES
Table 1
Town of Windsor and Bertie County, 1990-1995
Population Characteristics by Age Groups ...................
I-8
Table 2
Town of Windsor and Bertie County, 1990-1995
Population by Sex ...................................
I-9
Table 3
Town of Windsor and Bertie County, 1990-1995
Racial Composition ..................................
I-9
Table 4
Town of Windsor Housing Conditions - 1990 .................
I-11
Table 5
Town of Windsor Housing Summary - Tenure and Vacancy, 1980-1990
I-11
Table 6
CAMA Regulated Counties One, Five, and Ten -Year Composite
Rankings of Economic Development .......................
I-14
Table 7
Town of Windsor Mean Household Income, 1989 ..............
I-15
Table 8
Town of Windsor, Bertie County Labor Force Status - 1990 .......
I-16
Table 9
Town of Windsor - Employment, Major Manufacturing Firms ......
I-16
Table 10
Employed Persons 16 Years and Older by Industry
Town of Windsor - 1990 ...............................
I-17
Table 11
Employed Persons 16 Years and Over by Class of Worker
Town of Windsor, Bertie County - 1990 .....................
I-18
Table 12
Town of Windsor Poverty Status - 1990 .....................
I-19
Table 13
Town of Windsor Travel Time To Work ....................
I-19
Table 14
Town of Windsor Educational Attainment ....................
I-20
Table 15
Town of Windsor Annexation Summary, 1992-1997 .............
I-21

and be consistent with established state and federal policies. Most development-
related decisions, however, are primarily of local concern. Policies which address the
type of development to be encouraged, the density and patterns of development, and
the methods of providing public access to beaches and waterfronts are examples of
these local policy decisions. When such development issues are carefully and
explicitly addressed in the local Land Use Plan, other levels of government will follow
local policies in their actions that affect these issues. State and federal agencies will
use the local Land Use Plans and policies in making project consistency, funding, and
permit decisions." �r
"The land use plan shall contain the following basic elements:
1) a summary of data collection and analysis;
2) an existing land use map;
3) a policy discussion;
4) a land classification map."
In addition to these basic elements, the 7B guidelines require that the following issues be
addressed in the plan:
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1) Resource Protection
2) Resource Production and Management
3) Economic and Community Development
4) Continuing Public Participation
5) Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery and Evacuation Plans
This land use plan provides a guide for development of the Town of Windsor by addressing
issues and adopting policies that are relevant to the town. Specifically, this land use plan
if
includes the following eleven elements which are mandated by the 7B guidelines:
(1) Executive Summary
(2) Introduction
(3) Goals and Objectives
(4) Data Collection and Analysis
(5) Present Conditions
'
(6) Constraints
(7) Estimated Demands
■
(8) Policy Statements
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(9) Land Classification
(10) Intergovernmental Coordination and Implementation
(11) Public Participation
It should be noted that the policy section of the plan is the most important part of the
document. State and federal agencies will use the local land use policies in making project
consistency, funding, and permit decisions.
The 1992 Town of Windsor Land Use Plan included policy statements which addressed the
five policy areas. Although the 1992 policies supported the 15A NCAC 7H minimum use
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-2 '
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standards for areas of environmental concern (AEC), none of the policies exceeded those
standards. The only AEC applicable to the Town of Windsor are the public trust waters of
the Cashie River.
CAMA planning guidelines require that the existing (1992) policy statements be summarized
in this document. Appendix I provides a summary of the 1992 policy statements. It should
be stressed that Appendix I does not provide the 1992 policies in their entirety.
Listed below are some of the sources and documents utilized during preparation of this Land
Use Plan:
Bertie County 1992 Land Use Plan Update
Town of Windsor 1992 Land Use Plan Update
— Natural Resources Conservation Service
NCDOT, Planning and Policies Section
Town of Windsor Staff
— Bertie County Schools
Bertie County Solid Waste Management Plan, July 1996-July 2006
North Carolina Office of State Planning
— North Carolina Division of Archives and History
— Flood Insurance Study, Town of Windsor
Town of Windsor Zoning Ordinance
Town of Windsor 1994 Water Supply Plan
Town of Windsor Subdivision Ordinance
North Carolina Division of Community Assistance
North Carolina Division of Coastal Management
— North Carolina Department of Economic and Community Development
"windshield"
These sources were supplemented by surveys conducted in September, 1997, to
obtain data on existing land use patterns and housing conditions.
2. Goals/Obiectives
The town has the following goals/objectives for updating the land use plan:
— An updated land use plan based on an effective citizen participation process.
— Assessment of Central Business District revitalization needs.
'
— Assessment of utility needs to serve areas in the extraterritorial jurisdiction.
Development of new policies required to respond to the revised 15A NCAC 7B
planning requirements.
— Assessment of actions needed to protect the Cashie River.
' — Assessment of industrial development needs.
Assessment of continuing housing rehabilitation needs.
' Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-3 ,
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These local goals/objectives are intended to be supportive of the following four goals of
CAMA which are identified in N.C.G.S. 113A-102(b):
1. To provide a management system capable of preserving and managing the natural
ecological conditions of the estuarine system, the barrier dune system, and the
beaches, so as to safeguard and perpetuate their natural productivity and their
biological, economic, and aesthetic values;
2. To insure that the development or preservation of the land and water resources of the
coastal area proceeds in a manner consistent with the capability of the land and water
for development, use, or preservation based on ecological considerations;
3. To insure the orderly and balanced use and preservation of our coastal resources on
behalf of the people of North Carolina and the nation;
4. To establish policies, guidelines, and standards for:
a. Protection, preservation, and conservation of natural resources including but
not limited to water use, scenic vistas, and fish and wildlife; and management
of transitional or intensely developed areas and areas especially suited to
intensive use or development, as well as areas of significant natural value;
b. The economic development of the coastal area, including but not limited to,
construction, location and design of industries, port facilities, commercial
establishments, and other developments;
C. Recreation and tourist facilities and parklands;
d. Transportation and circulation patterns for the coastal area including major
thoroughfares, transportation routes, navigation channels and harbors, and
other public utilities and facilities;
e. Preservation and enhancement of the historic, cultural, and scientific aspects
of the coastal area;
f. Protection of present common-law and statutory public rights in the lands and
waters of the coastal area;
g. Any other purposes deemed necessary or appropriate to effectuate the policy
of this Article.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-4 ' '
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B. POPULATION, HOUSING, AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
Permanent Population
a. Regional and County
Fifteen of the twenty North Carolina counties regulated by the Coastal Area
Management Act (CAMA) experienced a net permanent population growth from 1990
to 1995. The five counties that experienced negative population growth were
Hertford, Hyde, Onslow, Tyrrell, and Washington. Between 1990-1995, Bettie
County's population grew 1.2% and in 1995 was the eleventh largest CAMA-
regulated county. Figure I provides a summary of year-round population growth for
CAMA-regulated counties between 1990-1995.
As Figure 2 indicates all of the growth that took place in Bettie County between 1990-
1995 occurred in the incorporated portions of the county. The population located in
unincorporated areas actually decreased -0.2 % during the five year period. This trend
is most likely due to annexations which increased the incorporated population rather
than an out -migration of individuals from unincorporated areas.
b. Town of Windsor
Figure 2 also indicates that between 1990-1995 the Town of Windsor was the fastest
growing municipality in the county growing 9.7 %. Almost all of this growth was the
result of annexations. In addition, with a 1995 population of 2,423, Windsor almost
doubles the population of the second largest municipality in the county (Aulander
1,233 persons).
C. Composition and Age
The NC State Data Center does not estimate population by race, sex or age for
municipalities for intercensal years. Tables 1, 2 and 3 were compiled using 1990
U.S. Census data for Bettie County and Windsor, and 1995 population estimates by
race, sex and age for Bettie County prepared by the NC State Data Center. To
estimate Windsor's 1995 population in terms of race, sex and age, it was assumed that
various segments of the towns population continued the same pattern of population
distribution in 1995 as was experienced in 1990.
ISection I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-5
I

Figure 1
CAMA-Regulated Counties
Summary of Year -Round Population Growth, 1990-1995
Percent
Year -Round Population Change
Municipality
1990
1995
190-19E
Beaufort
42,283
43,330
2.5°A
Bettie
20.388
20,638
1.2°/
Brunswick
50,985
60,739
19.1 °A
Camden
5,904
6,316
7.0°/
Carteret
52,553
57,612
9.60A
Chowan
13,506
14,031
3.90A
Craven
81,613
85,816
5.1°A
Currituck
13,736
15,818
15.2$
Dare
-22,746
25,758
13.20A
Gates
9,305
9,798
5.30A
Hertford
22,523
22,468
-0.20A
Hyde
5,411
5,211
-3.70A
New Hanover
120,284
139,577
16.0°A
Onslow
149,838
147,912
-1.30A
Pamlico
11,368
11,869
4.4$
Pasquotank
31,298
33,290
6.40A
Pander
28,855
34,671
20.20A
Perquimans
10,447
10,650
1.90A
Tyrrell
3,856
3,812
-1.10/
Washington
13,997
13,766
-1.71
Total
710,896
763,082
7.3°A
North Carolina
6,632,448
7,194,238
8.59
1990 ❑ 1995
160,000
140,000
120,000
100,000
a
60,000
o.
0
A,
a
60,000
40,000
20,000
m m is ;
2 O
m O
w
T
N
W
E
m u;i
m
m
U
A
U
t u w
U 0
n a
t c
tJ
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Municipality
Source: North Carolina Office of State Planning; extrapolation of data for unincorporated areas by Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
I-6

Figure 2
Bertie County
Summary of Year -Round Population Growth, 1990-1995
Year -Round
Population
Municipality
Askewville
Aulander
Colerain
Kelford
Lewiston Woodville
Powellsville
Roxobel
Windsor
Total Municipalities
Total Unincorporated Areas
Total County
1990
1995
201
195
1,209
1,233
241
236
204
202
788
841
279
276
244
253
2,209
2,423
5,375
5,659
15,013
14,979
20,388
20,638
Percent
Change
'90-'95
-3.0%
2.0%
-2.1 %
-1.0%
6.7 %
-1.1 %
3.7 %
9.7%
5.3%
-0.2 %
1.2 %
■ 1990 ❑ 1995
2,500
2,000
o
1,500
a
W
a
1,000
cc
500
A�
0
4
m
iu
c v c m
2
—y o
>
0 SSC
H
a
U G
3
S
Q
o
a
Municipality
Source: North Carolina Office of State Planning; extrapolation of data for
unincorporated areas by Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-7

Table 1 indicates that the largest segment of Windsor's population is the 65 and up
age group which comprised almost 21 % of the town's total population. The
percentage of individuals 65 and up in Windsor was significantly higher than that of
the county as a whole (14.9%). In addition, persons less than 25 years of age made
up 30.2% of the town's population compared to 36.6 % for Berrie County. Generally,
this indicates that the Town of Windsor's population is aging and replenishing itself
at a rate slower than that of the county as a whole.
Table 1
Town of Windsor and Bertie County, 1990-1995
Population Characteristics by Age Groups
Windsor
Bertie County
% of'95 Total
% of'95 Total
Age Group
1990*
1995**
Population
1990*
1995***
Population
Under
141
155
6.4%
1,507
1,531
7.4%
5 - 14
265
291
12.0%
3,300
3,252
15.8%
15 - 24
261
286
11.8%
2,814
2,763
13.4%
25 - 34
294
312
12.9%
3,107
2,675
13.0%
35-44
302
331
13.7%
2,665
3,122
15.1%
45 - 54
237
260
10.7%
1,951
2,273
11.0%
55 - 64
263
288
11.9%
2,059
1,934
9.4%
65 and up
456
500
20.6%
2,985
3,088
14.9%
Total
2,209
2,423
100.0%
20,388
20,638
100.0%
Sources: * 1990 U.S. Census
** Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
*** N.C. State Data Center and Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
The Town of Windsor has a smaller percentage of males (44.3%) than Bertie County
(45.8 %). The county, on the contrary, has a smaller percentage of females. See
Table 2.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-8 1

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Male
Female
Total
Sources:
Table 2
Town of Windsor and Bertie County, 1990-1995
Population by Sex
Windsor
1990*
1995**
% of '95 Total
Population
978
1,073
44.3%
1,231
1,350
55.7%
2,209
2,423
100.0%
Berrie Coun
1990*
1995***
% of '95 Total
Population
9,408
9,449
45.8%
10,980
11,189
54.2%
20,388
20,638
100.0%
* 1990 U.S. Census
** Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
*** N.C. State Data Center and Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
The racial composition of the town of Windsor and Bertie County is almost exactly
the opposite in terms of black and white percentages. The black population of
Windsor in 1995 was 35.2% and the white population was 64.6% while the black
population of the county was 64.9% and the white population was 34.6%. In
addition, races other than black and white made up less than 1 % of both the town's
and county's total population.
White
Black
American Indians
or Eskimo, Aleut
Asian or Pacific
Islander
Other
Total
Table 3
Town of Windsor and Bertie County, 1990-1995
Racial Composition
Windsor
Bertie County
% of '95 Total
% of '95 Total
1990*
1995**
Population
1990*
1995***
Population
1,427
1,565
64.6%
7,790
7,151
34.6%
777
853
35.2%
12,531
13,401
64.9%
3
3
0.1%
46
64
_0.3%
2
2
0.1%
14
12
0.1%
0
0
0
7
10
0.1%
2,209
2,423
100.0%
20,388
20,638
100.0%
Sources: *1990 U.S. Census
**Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
***Equifax National Decision Systems - WEFA Group.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-9 '
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Seasonal Population
At the present time, seasonal population impact is not a significant planning issue. In 1990,
less than one percent of the total housing units in Windsor were classified as for occasional
or seasonal use by the U.S. Census. Although there is not a significant overnight seasonal
population in Windsor, the town does experience day visitation. The Livermon Recreational
Park and Mini Zoo and Cashie Wetlands Walk are both town attractions which encourage
travelers and residents of nearby communities to stop in Windsor. In addition, day visitation
to Windsor is expected to increase significantly with the construction of the Roanoke River
National Wildlife and Cashie River Interpreted Visitors Center (plans for this facility are
discussed further in Section II of this plan). Although day visitation does not place a
significant demand on town services such as water and sewer, it does create traffic
implications that should be planned for.
Housing Characteristics
The N.C. State Data Center does not estimate housing characteristics for municipalities for
intercensal years. Therefore, the most up-to-date and reliable data describing Windsor's
housing characteristics is still the 1990 U.S. Census. However, an estimate of the total
number of housing units presently in Windsor has been provided in the Land Use section of
this plan on page I-24.
The following housing data has been carried over from Windsor's 1992 Land Use Plan with
one exception: The figures have been adjusted to reflect a revision of the housing count by
the U.S. Census. In January, 1992 the Town of Windsor was advised that the final 1990 total
housing count had been changed from 927 to 979 total housing units.
As of 1990, 40% of the dwelling units in Windsor were constructed 40 or more years ago.
This relatively high percentage of older homes indicates that some homes may be slightly or
moderately deteriorated. Seven percent of the total dwelling units lack complete bathroom
facilities, while approximately 4% lack complete kitchen facilities.
Eight Hundred Three (803), or approximately 87% of the dwelling units in Windsor are
detached, single-family units. A small percentage, roughly 7%, of the dwelling units are
mobile homes. Table 4 provides detailed information on housing conditions in Windsor, and
Table 5 provides information on tenure and vacancy of housing units in Windsor.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-10 '
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Table 4
Town of Windsor
Housing Conditions - 1990
Condition and Age
Number
% of Total
Total Year -Round Units
979
100.0%
Age
0-9 years
48
4.9%
10-19 years
184
18.8%
29-39 years
160
16.4%
30-39 years
190
19.4%
40 or more years
397
40.6%
Condition
Lacking complete bathroom facilities
70
7.1 %
Lacking complete kitchen facilities
38
3.9%
Lacking complete heating equipment
5
0.5%
TTvoe
86.6%
Single family, detached
848
0.8%
Single family, attached
7
3.0%
Duplex
30
1.3 %
3 or 4 unit
13
0.5 %
5 to 9 unit
5
0.1 %
10 to 19 unit
1
6.8%
Mobile home or trailer
67
0.9%
Other
8
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning.
Table 5
Town of Windsor Housing Summary
Tenure and Vacancy, 1980-1990
Item 1980
1990
Total Units - --- 882
979*
Total Year -Round Units 869
971
Occupied Units 821
904
Renter Occupied 266
667
Owner Occupied 555
237
Vacant Units 61
75*
For Sale 8
8
For Rent 12
12
Other Vacant 28
46
Occasional or Seasonal Use 13
8
*In June, 1991, the Town of Windsor was providing residential service to 940 customers. It appears
that the total for vacant dwelling units may be excessive.
Source: N.C. State Date Center, Office of State Planning.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-11 ' 1

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4. Summary
Between 1990-1995 the Town of Windsor was the fastest growing municipality, in
terms of population, in the county.
- In 1995 the Town of Windsor had a population of 2,423 persons.
The 65 and up age group in Windsor comprises approximately 21 % of the towns total
population.
The town of Windsor has a higher percentage of females than Bertie County.
Approximately 35% of Windsor's population is considered minority.
-- Construction of the Roanoke River National Wildlife and Cashie River Interpreted
Visitors Center will increase day visitation to Windsor.
Over 87% of Windsor housing stock is single family.
- Approximately 40% of Windsor's housing stock was constructed 40 or more years
ago.
ECONOMY
1. Reeional Economy
Over the past ten years, the state of Bertie County's economy may be described as poor when
compared to the economies of all of the state's counties. According to the Economic
Development Yearbook for North Carolina, produced by Problem -Solving Research, Inc.,
Bertie County received a rank of 100th out of 100 North Carolina counties in terms of
economic growth and development between the years 1984-1994. The following provides a
summary, as stated in the Economic Development Yearbook, of the methodology used to
arrive at the composite rankings found in Table 6.
"The Composite Rankings were created to compare the characteristics of growth between the 100
counties in North Carolina. Three rankings are provided. The one year ranking provides a short term
picture of growth. It consists of an overview of the present health of the county coupled with the
county's 1993-1994 economic performance. The five year ranking provides a mid-term view of
economic development. Like the one year ranking, it assesses the present health of the county but
couples the assessment with the county's 1989-1994 economic variation. The ten year index provides
a long-term view of growth. This final measure assesses the present health of the county with the
county's 1984-1994 growth and development.
The Composite Ranking of Economic Development is a broadly defined measure of relative economic
well-being. Its construction has two major parts. First, it is composed of four measures that describe
the economic health of an area at a particular point in time. Each of theses components provides a
unique gauge of the county's most recent annual economic health. Second, the ranking is composed of
five measures of economic change. Thus, the Composite Ranking considers the present well-being of
the county and how the local economy has improved from one point to the next.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-12 '
I

The nine components of the Composite Ranking are arranged according to five general areas:
ABILITY TO CREATE JOBS
• Change in Employment measures the area's ability to create jobs.
ABILITY TO EARN AN ADEQUATE INCOME
• Per Capita Income measures the level of income from the wages &
salaries and other forms of income generating activity (such as investments
and owner profit).
• Change in Per Capita Income demonstrates the increase in income
between two points in time. Although this measure is correlated with the
growth in jobs, a pace of change in per capita income that lags the pace of
job growth implies that the area is adding lower paying jobs.
ABILITY TO KEEP THE LOCAL LABOR FORCE EMPLOYED
• Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the population that is
willing to work but is unable to obtain employment.
• Change in Unemployment Rate measures the improvement in an
individual's ability to find work from one period to the next.
ABILITY TO ATTRACT INCOME FROM OTHER REGIONS
• Per Capita Retail Sales measures the ability of an area to attract persons
to a county to shop and play, thereby demonstrating the regional importance
of a local area.
• Change in Per Capita Retail Sales measures how the relative attractiveness
of an area for shopping and play has changed over time.
ABILITY TO REDUCE POVERTY
• Per Capita Food Stamp Recipients serves as a proxy for a poverty
index. It shows the relative number of persons that are unable to adequately
support themselves or their families.
• Change in Per Capita Food Stamp Recipients shows how the level of
poverty has changed over time.
The Composite Rankings are created by assigning equal weights to the nine components of
development. First, the measure's nine components are computed for each county in North
Carolina. Second, within each component the counties are ranked from most positive to most
negative and assigned a ranking from 1 to 100. The average of the nine rankings is tabulated
and ranked from top to bottom. The Composite Ranking is this final result."
The composite rankings for the twenty CAMA regulated counties, as found in the Economic
Development Yearbook, have been included in Table 6.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-13 1

Table 6
CAMA Regulated Counties
One, Five, and Ten -Year Composite Rankings of Economic Development
One -Year
Five -Year
Ten -Year
1993-1994
1989-1994
1984-1994
State
CAMA
State
CAMA
State
CAMA
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Beaufort
90
16
89
15
94
17
Bertie
100
20
96
20
100
20
Brunswick
76
13
68
8
75
9
Camden
82
15
71
10
83
13
Carteret
56
7
35
2
58
5
Chowan
70
11
82
14
89
15
Craven
62
8
57
6
76
10
Currimck
19
2
43
4
47
4
Dare
39
4
42
3
10
1
Gates
95
19
58
7
79
11
Hertford
52
6
91
18
99
19
Hyde
26
3
76
11
44
3
New Hanover
17
1
30
1
30
2
Onslow
67
9
69
9
91
16 "
Pamlico
92
18
77
12
62
6
Pasquotank
71
12
90
17
98
18
Pender
91
17
92
19
69
7
Perqimans
49
5
78
13
80
12
Tyrrell
68
10
49
5
70
8
Washington
77
14
88
16
85
14
Note: State rank out of 100 total counties and CAMA rank out of 20 total counties.
Source: Economic Development Yearbook for North Carolina. 1995.
Out of the three periods included in Table 6, Bettie County received its highest rankings for
the five-year period 1989-1994. During this period, the county's state ranking increased four
places from 100th to 96th.
Although the economic profile of Bertie County appears bleak, the potential for economic
development in the area is encouraging. Bertie County, as a member of the Partnership for
the Sounds, is currently striving to promote nature -based tourism in the region.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-14

Conceived in the early 1990s and formally incorporated in January 1994, the Partnership for
the Sounds, Inc., (PfS) is an organization devoted to fostering sustainable local economic
development through responsible nature -based tourism that uses as its main attractions the
unique natural, historic and cultural resources of the Albemarle -Pamlico region. The
Partnership is comprised of representatives from local governments, state government, private
business, academia, public schools, conservation groups, and economic development groups.
Six counties — Beaufort, Bertie, Dare, Hyde, Tyrrell and Washington — form the specific
focus area of PfS, but it is hoped and anticipated that the benefits and education provided by
the Partnership effort will eventually reach all of northeastern North Carolina.
The Partnership will focus on helping to develop the facilities which improve public access,
interpretation and stewardship of the region's heritage resources. Of primary direct
importance to the Partnership is the development of four environmental education centers: one
in Tyrrell County, one in Beaufort County, one in Hyde County and one Bertie County. (The
environmental education center planned for Bertie County to be located in Windsor is
discussed in Section II of this plan).
It is expected that the PfS efforts to promote nature -based tourism may begin to have a positive
impact on Bertie County and the Town of Windsor's economy during the planning period.
Local Economy
The mean household income provides a good indicator of an area's local economy. The Town
of Windsor appears to have a relatively strong, stable local economy when compared to the
county as a whole. Although below that of North Carolina, Windsor's mean household
income is well above that of Bertie County. See Table 7.
Table 7
Town of Windsor
Mean Household Income, 1989
Town of Windsor
$ 28,462
Bertie County
$ 22,725
North Carolina
$ 33,242
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning - - -
o" Mean household income is the average of all household incomes within a given area.
1990 census data revealed that only 3.9% of the people active in the labor force were
unemployed. There were 1,637 persons of age that were eligible to be included in the labor
force. Of that total, 680, or 41.5%, were not active in the labor force. They were either
disabled, retired by choice, or persons not seeking employment. Bertie County had 7 % of the
people active in the labor force unemployed in 1990. The percentage of persons not active
in the labor force was the same for Windsor and the county. Table 8 includes detailed labor
force status data for Windsor and Bertie County.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-15 1

lJ
Table 8
Town of Windsor, Berrie County
Labor Force Status - 1990
Total: Windsor
Male Female
Total
% of Total
'
Labor Force
Armed Forces
0 0
0
0
Civilian Labor Force:
Employed
480 440
920
56.2%
Unemployed
12 25
37
2.3 %
Not in Labor Force
228 452
680
41.5%
Total
720 917
1,637
100.0%
Total: Berie County
Male Female
Total
% of Total
Labor Force
Armed Forces
14 0
14
0.1%
Civilian Labor Force:
Employed
4,403 3,866
8,269
54.3%
Unemployed
222 398
620
4.1 %
Not in Labor Force
2,181 4,144
6,325
41.5 %
Total
6,820 8,408
15,228
100.0%
1 Note: "Percentage" and "Totals" represent only those individuals 16 years of age or older.
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning
The manufacture of durable and nondurable goods offers employment to 23.8% of Windsor's
employed population. The following table reveals major manufacturing firms in the Windsor
area.
Table 9
Town of Windsor
Employment, Major Manufacturing Firms
Date
# of
Firm/Location*
Established
Products
Employees
1. Wrangler, Inc.
1967
Garments
340
Route 4
'
2. Ready Mixed Concrete Co.
1993
Concrete Products
175
105 Granville Street
3. Coulborn Lumber Co.
1943
Lumber
80
'
Hwy. 17
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions
I-16

Table 9 (Continued)
Date
N of
Firm/Location*
Established
Products
Employees
4. Gillam Bros. Peanut Sheller, Inc.
1935
Peanuts
30
Spring Street
10 seasonal
5. Lea Lumber & Plywood
1939
Veneer
240
Hoggard Mill Road
6. Stephenson Crab Co.
1983
Fish Products
76
Hwy. 13/17 Bypass
7. Williford Lumber Co.
1962
Furniture Squares and Chips
16
Hwy. 17 N.
8. Workers Owned Sewing Co.
1979
Contract Sewing
50
Granville Street
9. Wrangler, Inc.
1966
Mens Jeans
340
County Farm Road
10. Reimagination, Inc.
1993
Urethane Molding
5
County Farm Road
*The discussion of industrial land use on
page I-22 includes areas of Windsor zoned for industrial that are in
addition to these businesses. This list includes only those businesses which fabricate items or process raw
materials.
Source: Town of Windsor
Table 10 indicates that the services occupations account for 31.3 % of total employment in the
town. Employment in the retail industry is also strong, and accounts for 14.1 % of total
employment in Windsor.
Table 10
Employed Persons 16 Years and Older by Industry
Town of Windsor - 1990
Number
Occupation
Employed*
% of Total
Agriculture, forestry, fisheries, mining
38
4.1 %
Construction
60
6.5%
Manufacturing
Nondurable goods
89
9.7 %
Durable goods
130
14.1 %
Transportation
16
1.7 %
Communication, other public utilities
15
1.6%
Wholesale trade
31
3.4%
Retail trade
127
13.8 %
Finance, insurance, and real estate
55
6.0%
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions
I-17
11

Table 10 (Continued)
Services
Business and repair services
22
2.4%
Personal, entertainment, and recreational services
42
4.6%
Professional and related services:
Health services
74
8.1%
Educational services
91
9.9%
Other professional and related services
58
6.3 %
Public administration
72
7.8%
TOTAL EMPLOYED
920
100.0%
*Note: Individuals may be employed outside of the Windsor corporate limits.
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning.
Approximately 71 % of all workers in Windsor are private (for -profit and not -for -profit) wage
and salary workers. This percentage is comparable with the county percentage of 75%.
Roughly 22% of all workers in Windsor are employed in either federal, state, or local
governments. It should be noted that government workers add stability to the local economy.
See Table 11.
Table 11
Employed Persons 16 Years and Over by Class of Worker
Town of Windsor, Bettie County - 1990
% of
Windsor
Number Total
Private Wage and Salary Worker
654 71.2%
Federal Government Worker
20 2.2%
State Government Worker
Local Government Worker
Self -Employed Worker
Unpaid Family Worker
Total
90
9.8 %
92
10.0%
60
6.5 %
4 0.3%
920 100.0%
% of
Bertie County
Number
Total
Private Wage and Salary Worker
6,232
75.4%
Federal Government Worker
231
2.8%
State Government Worker
603
7.3%
Local Government Worker
Self -Employed Worker
Unpaid Family Worker
Total
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions
562 6.8%
609 7.4%
32 0.3%
8,269 100.0%
I-18
11

Table 12 indicates that the Town of Windsor has a relatively small portion of individuals that
are considered to be below the poverty level. More than half the population, on the other
hand, is reported as having income 200% of poverty level and above. Windsor's level of
poverty is much lower than that of the surrounding region.
Table 12
Town of Windsor
Poverty Status - 1990
Income Level
Income below 75% of poverty level
Income between 75 and 124% of poverty level
Income between 125 and 149% of poverty level
Income between 150 and 199% of poverty level
Income 200% of poverty level and above
Total
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning
% of
Individuals Total
219
10.7%
292
11.8%
110
5.4%
169
8.3 %
1,304 63.8%
2,044 100.0%
Table 13 indicates that over 75% of Windsor's residents travel less than 24 minutes to their
place of employment. This is significant in that most of the town's working aged individuals
are employed locally. Only 8.5 % of the working aged people in town travel over 40 minutes
to work. Approximately 3 % of Windsor's workforce work at home.
Table 13
Town of Windsor
Travel Time To Work
Windsor, NC
% of Total
Universe: Workers 16 Years and over
Did not work at home:
Less than 9 minutes
344
39.0% _
10 to 24 minutes
319
36.3%
25 to 39 minutes
142
16.1 %
40 to 89 minutes
72
8.2 %
90 or more minutes
3
0.37.
Subtotal
880
96.8%.
Worked at home
29
3.2%
Total
909
100.0 %
Source: 1990 U.S. Census
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-19 ' '
11

The Town of Windsor and Bettie County have a similar percentage of individuals who did not
attain greater than a high school degree (30.0% and 33.0%, respectively). However, a
significantly higher percentage of Windsor's residents attended college, 37.8% versus 21.8%
for the county. Table 14 provides a summary of educational attainment for Windsor and
Bertie County.
Table 14
Town of Windsor
Educational Attainment
Windsor
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT*
Less than 9th grade
241
16.8%
9th to 12th grade, no diploma
220
15.4%
High School graduate
(includes equivalency)
430
30.0%
Some college, no degree
195
13.6%
Bachelor's degree
91
6.4%
Associate degree
187
13.1 %
Graduate or professional degree
68
4.7 %
Total
1,432
100.0%
*Includes persons 25 years and over
Bertie County
2,565 20.0%
3,233 25.2%
4,241
33.0%
1,236
9.6%
539
4.2%
759
5.9%
275
2.1%
12,848 100.0%
Based on the economic data that has been provided and local observations, the town of
Windsor's economy appears to be much healthier than that of Bettie County. As previously
discussed, the pursuit of nature -based tourism in the region may be expected to have economic
benefits that will become increasingly apparent during the planning period.
The following provides a summary of significant economic data for Windsor.
— The mean household income for Windsor is above that of Bettie County and below
that of North Carolina.
— Over 23% of employed persons 16 years and older in Windsor are employed in
manufacturing.
— Approximately 22% of employed persons in Windsor are employed in either federal,
state, or local governments. This creates economic stability for the town.
— More than 63 % of the population has income 200 % of poverty level and above.
— Over 75% of Windsor's residents that did not work at home travel less than 24
minutes to work.
I— Approximately 3% of Windsor's employed individuals work at home.
II
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-20 ,
II

- Residents of Windsor have a significantly higher educational attainment than residents
of Bertie County.
D. EXISTING LAND USE
1. Introduction
The Windsor planning jurisdiction contains the land within the town's corporate limits and the '
extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ) area. In 1992, the town's planning jurisdiction included a
total of just over 11 square miles. Approximately 28 percent of the area, or 3.1 square miles,
was located within the town's incorporated area. The remaining 7.9 square miles was located '
in the ETJ
Since 1992 the town has not expanded its ETJ. However, a total of nine annexations have '
occurred which included approximately 117.6 acres, or two -tenths of a square mile. As a
result, approximately 3.3 square miles are now located within Windsor's area of
incorporation. Table 15 provides the acreage and general location of each annexation that has '
occurred since 1992.
Table 15
Town of Windsor
'
Annexation Summary, 1992-1997
'
General Location
General Description
Acres
South Side SR 1527
Wrangler
9.64
South Side US 17
Armstrong property
.75
,
North side NC 308
Walker property
6.60
East side SR 1530
Well Site
.91
Harrell Heights Lane
Timberlands
33.00
,
South side US 13 By -Pass
Food -Lion
12.10
& King Street Intersection
,
East of Lassiter, Powell, and
Roberson/Leggett property
11.40
Stokes Avenues
US 13 Business/King Street
Windsor Elementary School
2.38
'
"Housing Site"
Vaughn Lane
40.80
117.58
'
Source: Town of Windsor
In response to annexations which have occurred during the past five years, the Town of
'
Windsor should review its ETJ boundary during the planning period and consider making any
necessary adjustments.
'
'
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions
I-21

Table 16 provides a summary of land use acreage by zoning category within the Town of
Windsor corporate limits. Because of a lack of detail and definition on existing base maps,
' it is impossible to map existing land uses in sufficient detail to allow for any meaningful
measurements of actual land use acreage. The actual land uses are delineated on Map 1,
Existing Land Use.
Table 16
' Town of Windsor Corporate Area
Land Use Acreage By Zoning Districts, 1997
Zoning District
Acreage
R-75
Single -Family Residential District
35
RA-20
Single -Family Residential District
180
R-10
Single and Two -Family Residential District
471
R-7
Single and Two -Family Residential District
386
R-5
Single -Family Residential District
84
0-1
Office and Institutional District
23
C-I
Central Commercial District
71
C-2
Commercial District
402
M-1
Industrial District
454
Total
2,106
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Within the extraterritorial jurisdiction the majority of the land is zoned RA-20, which is
Windsor's residential/agricultural district zone. This area includes approximately 5,000 acres.
Most of this land is in agricultural or forest production, or is vacant.
Urban and Developed Land
a. Residential
Residential land uses in Windsor continue to be predominately low density, single-
family residential development. Multi -family residential development is minimal.
Based on an in -field survey conducted in 1992, there were 947 residential dwelling
I' units in Windsor. Of these units, 847 were site built frame structures and 100 were
modular or mobile homes.
Table 17 provides a summary of building permit activity relating to new construction
between 1992-1997. Building permits issued for miscellaneous construction activities
such as additions and remodeling have not been included in the table.
II Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions 1-22 1

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Table 17
Town of Windsor
Building Permit Activity, 1992-1997
Year
Single -Family
Residential
Multi -Family
Residential
Mobile
Home
Commercial
1992
0
0
0
0
1993
1
1
8
0
1994
3
0
13
1
1995
7
0
12
0
1996
3
0
10
2
1997*
1
0
20
0
Total
15
1
63
3
*Includes permits issued between January -September, 1997
Source: Town of Windsor
Between January, 1992, and September, 1997, a total of 15 building permits were
issued for single-family residential construction and 63 permits were issued for mobile
home placement. Based on the number of housing units present in 1992 and the
building permit issuance activity that has occurred, there should be approximately 862
site built single family homes and 163 mobile homes currently in Windsor. Mobiles
homes are only allowed in the town's R-75, R-IOMH, and R-5MH zoning districts
(see page III-1/III-2).
The majority of the town's land use, over 55 %, remains in residential usage. The
major residential areas are Spruill Park and Hillcrest in the west and south, and the
Peterson Road area in the eastern section of town. However, significant residential
development has begun to occur along U.S. 17 east of the town. Increased residential
development may also be expected to occur in the developments located along U.S.
11 13/17 South.
I' The Town of Windsor has maintained an active and aggressive Community
Development Block Grant (CDBG) program and enforced its minimum housing code.
Through code enforcement, CDBG revitalization programs in FY80, FY83, FY87,
I' FY89, FY91, and a HOME program in FY92, the town has rehabilitated 156
deteriorated dwellings and cleared 20 dilapidated dwellings.
I , The Town of Windsor will continue to actively pursue available grant funds for future
redevelopment projects.
I
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-24 ,

b. Commercial
As shown in Table 16, during the five year period 1992-1997 three commercial
building permits were issued for new commercial construction in Windsor. As a
result, there are currently 161 commercial structures in town. Existing commercial
land uses are concentrated in the Central business District (CBD), intersection of U.S.
13 Bypass and King Street, U.S. 13 west of Windsor, Granville Road west of the
CBD, and in scattered locations along U.S. 13 east of Windsor.
A significant land use issue is the preservation of Windsor's Central Business District.
The CBD is generally defined as the area of King Street between Camden and Dundee
Streets, and Granville Street from York Street to Queen Street. The focal point is the
King Street/Granville Street intersection. The area contains approximately 50
structures. The CBD contains numerous buildings which reflect the late 1800s
appearance of many small towns in eastern North Carolina. A discussion of the
town's historic district is included later in this section under Historic and
Archaeological Sites, page I-55.
Preservation of the Windsor CBD for both its economic and historic value will
continue to be a major concern. Many vacant buildings are beginning to rapidly
deteriorate, showing increasing need for repair. Some buildings have had their
facades substantially altered from their original design. This has detracted from the
value and appearance of the historic district properties.
However, through the efforts of the town and various local organizations the
appearance of downtown has significantly improved during the last couple of years.
Recent improvements to downtown include the renovation of the Incubator Building,
demolition of two deteriorated buildings on Granville Street, construction of the new
Southern Bank, renovation of several buildings to be used as rentals, resurfacing of
the parking lot behind Town Hall, and several commercial exterior improvements
funded in part by the Blue Ribbon Committee. The Blue Ribbon Committee provides
50% funding assistance up to $1,000 for the outside repair of commercial structures.
It should be noted that this is a three year program of which one year remains. It is
available town wide and approximately 5 commercial buildings have been improved
through this program.
Due to the commitment of the Town of Windsor and its residents, the appearance of
the CBD is expected to continue to improve.
It is anticipated that the majority of the town's new commercial development during
the planning period will concentrate near the intersection of U.S. 13 Bypass and King
Street.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-25 1

Public/Semi-Public
Public/semi-public land uses are scattered throughout Windsor. The major land uses
in this category are owned by the Town of Windsor. Those include the Livermon
Recreational Park and Mini -Zoo, Cashie Wetlands Walk, the Bertie County Memorial
Hospital, the Brian Center and Hallmark Center nursing homes, the Freeman Hotel,
the Lawrence Memorial Library, Town of Windsor Municipal Building, Granville
Hall (a community building owned by the town and rented to the Windsor Area
Chamber of Commerce), maintenance garage, the Town of Windsor campground
located at the end of Elm Street, the Roanoke-Chowan Community College, the
Cashie River Park, the Martin Community College campus, the Windsor Fire
Department, the Bertie County Rescue Squad, the Explorer Scout Building, and the
Windsor Community Building and tennis courts. A portion of the Martin Community
College property was being cleared in 1992 to construct subsidized duplex housing by
a private developer. The Cashie River Park is privately owned by the Gray heirs, but
is maintained by the town. The most significant town -owned facility is probably the
Livermon Recreational Park and Mini -Zoo. This facility is visited regularly by both
residents and non-residents. Area schools frequent these facilities as part of school
field trips. The Freeman Hotel houses the offices of the Windsor Area Chamber of
Commerce and the Windsor Housing Corporation. Visitor's information signs direct
travelers from U.S. 17 and U.S. 13 to the Chamber office.
In addition to the municipally owned public property, the Bertie County Courthouse
and administrative offices are located in Windsor. These facilities are attractive assets
and serve to generate economic activity within the town.
Other public/semi-public land uses include churches, clubs, school property, state and
federal offices which are scattered throughout the town, and Bertie County prison
farm located at the end of County Farm Road off of U.S. 13 South. Since the land
use plan was last updated in 1992, the prison has undergone significant improvements
and has doubled in size.
There are no significant land use issues or problems associated with the public/semi-
public land uses.
d. Transportation/Public Utilities
This category includes all utility holdings, roadways, town -owned services such as
water and sewer lines, and electric utility systems. Rights -of -way for these systems
are maintained by the town. In addition, the town maintains, sewer treatment facilities
which are located off of U.S. 13 South on County Farm Road. There are no major
land use issues or concerns with the utilities/communications category. It should be
noted that because most of these uses are in rights -of -way, they are not shown on the
existing land use map. However, the sewage treatment plant is shown as a
governmental land use.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-26 1

e. Industrial
Industrial land uses within Windsor's planning jurisdiction are located along the U.S.
17 Bypass, off U.S. 13/17 South in the industrial park, U.S. 13 North, Indian Woods
Road, Peterson Road, and County Farm Road. Although historically industrial land
uses in Windsor have located in various areas of town, it is expected that future
industries will be concentrated within Windsor's Industrial Park. Within the town's
incorporated area approximately 454 acres, have been zoned for commercial use.
Existing industrial land uses and areas zoned for industrial use do not present any
potential land use conflicts with neighboring non -industrial land uses. The town's
zoning ordinance provides the following definition of its industrial zoning district and
its preferred location:
"The M-1 industrial district is established for those areas of the community where the
principal use of land is for industrial and warehousing uses. These uses by their
nature may create some nuisance and are not properly associated with residential,
commercial and/or service establishments. These uses normally seek outlying
locations on large tracts of land where the operations involved do not detract from the
development potential of nearby undeveloped properties."
f. Forest and Agricultural Lands
Approximately, one half (50%) of the town's planning area may be considered
forestland while approximately 20% is for agricultural uses. The majority of the
forestland is owned by industry and devoted to the production of forest products. The
extensive and sensitive hardwood swamplands that constitute the floodplains of the
Cashie River are of particular significance to Windsor.
Most of the productive agricultural lands are located within the town's extraterritorial
jurisdiction. The "prime" or most productive agricultural lands are indicated on the
Fragile Areas Map, page I-52. These areas should be protected from development and
preserved for agricultural production.
There are no specific issues or problems associated with forestland or agricultural
lands. Growth within the town's planning jurisdiction is not expected to significantly
infringe on any agricultural or farmland areas. However, the town's RA-20 single
family residential district should remain in effect in most of the ETJ area. The RA-20
zoning district is defined by the town's zoning ordinance as follows:
"The RA-20 residential district is established as a district in which the principal use
of land is for low density residential and agricultural purposes. The regulations of
this district are intended to protect the agricultural sections of the community from an
influx of uses likely to render it undesirable for farms and future development, and
to insure that residential development not having access to public water supplies and
dependent upon septic tanks and outdoor privies for sewage disposal will occur at
sufficiently low densities for a healthful environment."
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-27

3. Basinwide Water Oualitv Management
' The Division of Water Quality Management (DWQ) has initiated a basinwide approach to state
water quality management. The overall goal of basinwide management is to develop consistent
and effective long range water quality management strategies that protect the quality and
' intended uses of North Carolina's surface waters while accommodating population increases
and economic growth.
Basinwide management is not a new regulatory program. Rather, it is a watershed -based
management approach which features basinwide permitting of discharges, integration of
existing point and nonpoint source regulatory programs, and preparation of basinwide water
' quality management plans for each of the state's 17 river basins by 1998. Plans will be
updated at five year intervals.
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The purpose of the basinwide management plan is to communicate to policy makers, the
regulated community, and the general public, the state's rationale, approaches, and long-term
strategies for each basin. In general, this process involves the following five major phases of
development:
Collecting pertinent water quality and related information,
— Analyzing the information and targeting problem areas,
— Development management strategies,
— Circulating a draft plan for public review and comment, and
— Finalizing the plan.
Eight of North Carolina's major river basins cross the coastal area: Lumber, Cape Fear,
White Oak, Neuse, Tar -Pamlico, Roanoke, Chowan, and Pasquotank. The Division of Water
Quality has further subdivided these basins into smaller "sub -basins", which are currently used
as the foundation for their basinwide water quality plans. Even smaller watersheds were
recently delineated for the entire state by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.
These watersheds are referred to as "14-digit hydrologic units" (because of the unique 14-digit
code assigned to each watershed) or simply "small watersheds". These small watersheds
generally range in size from 5,000 to 50,000 acres.
The Town of Windsor is located in the Roanoke River basin. The Roanoke basinwide
management plan was completed in September, 1996.
The long-range basinwide management goal is to provide a means of addressing the complex
problem of planning for reasonable economic growth while protecting and/or restoring the
quality and intended uses of the Roanoke Basin's surface waters.
In striving towards the long-range goal stated above, the Division of Water Quality's highest
priority near -term goals will be the following:
Identify and restore the most seriously waters impaired in the basin;
Protect those waters known to be of the highest quality or supporting
biological communities of special importance;
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions 1-28 1

— Manage problem pollutants, particularly nutrients, biological oxygen demand '
and sediment and fecal coliform, in order to correct existing water quality
problems and to ensure protection of those waters currently supporting their '
uses.
The policies contained in this plan for stormwater runoff (page IV-5) and water quality '
management (page IV-10) are supportive of the Division of Water Quality goals.
The North Carolina Division of Water Quality has identified 3 sub -basins including 33
watersheds within the Roanoke Basin. Each sub -basin and watershed has been assigned a
numerical code for the purpose of identification. The following table identifies the sub -basins
and watersheds within Windsor. Map 3 illustrates the location of these watersheds in relation ,
to Windsor.
Table 18
Town of Windsor
,
Index to Watersheds
'
% of Town in % of Watershed DWQ
Watershed Occupied by Town River Basin Sub Basin
Windsor
3010107160060 5.35 0.96 Roanoke 03-02-10
,
3010107160090 94.65 10.89 Roanoke 03-02-10
Source: Division of Coastal Management, 1997.
,
4. Existin¢ Land Use Issues
'
The Town of Windsor has maintained a comprehensive planning program in both the town's
corporate limits and ETJ area. The town has had a subdivision ordinance in effect since 1973
and a zoning ordinance in effect since 1977. As a result, many land use problems which
'
commonly confront municipalities have been averted. However, the following issues should
be addressed.
'
- The town's extraterritorial boundary should be amended to compensate for
annexations which have occurred.
'
— The town's Central Business District, which is included in the Windsor Historic
District, must be preserved and renovations continued. Major issues include:
preservation of building facades, diversification of allowable uses, elimination of code
'
violations and deteriorating conditions, and the occupancy of vacant buildings.
— The town should continue to protect valuable agricultural and forestlands. '
— The town should continue to vigorously support its planning program to maintain
separation of conflicting land uses. '
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-29 1

— The town should maintain a vigorous minimum housing code enforcement program
to ensure that the majority of the town's dwelling units are maintained in a standard
condition. Windsor has made great improvement to town -wide housing conditions
through CDBG programs and minimum housing code enforcement. This effort should
be sustained.
The town has protected the integrity of its residential areas. This protection should
continue.
— While public/semi-public land uses are limited, those which exist are valuable assets.
Windsor should continue to protect those assets, in particular the following: the
Freeman Hotel, Granville Hall, the Livermon Recreational Park and Mini -Zoo, Cashie
Wetlands Walk, the Lawrence Memorial Library, the Explorer Scout Building (U.S.
17 Bypass), the Windsor Campground, Berrie Memorial Hospital, the Cashie River
Park, Windsor Community Building and tennis courts, Windsor Fire Department, and
Bettie County Rescue Squad.
— The town has maintained an aggressive annexation policy since 1992 (nine annexations
totaling 118 acres). A comprehensive annexation plan should be prepared.
The efforts of the Windsor Housing Corporation to construct new housing affordable
' for purchase by low to moderate income families and individuals should continue to
be supported by the Town of Windsor.
' — The town has and should continue to solicit "clean" industries, especially those which
rely on forestry and agricultural production such as processing of vegetable crops and
the production of specialty lumber.
' -- The town has continued improvement of its riverfront and its Welcome Center.
' S. Development Potential
As stated, growth within Windsor's planning jurisdiction will be slow but steady throughout
' the planning period. Sufficient vacant land is available in both small parcels and large
individual tracts to accommodate the anticipated growth.
The following factors will support growth within Windsor and its extraterritorial planning
jurisdiction:
— Only a small portion (approximately 20 %) of the town's total planning jurisdiction is
located in the Cashie River floodplain. Approximately one-half of that area is located
in the hardwood swamp forests along the Cashie River which are not suited for
development.
1 — The town is financially stable.
— The town has an aggressive expansion/extension policy for its sewage collection and
treatment system.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-30 1

- The town has a standard stable inventory of single-family dwellings which will
provide a foundation for further residential development.
— The town has quality health care facilities, including facilities for the aged.
-- The town will continue to protect its historically significant structures and its historic
district. This effort will enhance the town's appearance and overall quality of life.
— The town has a relatively high median income and low unemployment.
— The town has a policy of supporting the development of "clean" industries which are
free of hazardous materials and waste.
-- The town's infrastructure systems are all in good condition.
- There are only ten private sector non -subsidized apartment units located within
Windsor's planning jurisdiction. It appears that a market would exist for additional
private sector multi -family dwelling units.
— The Windsor Area Chamber of Commerce actively promotes the assets of the area to
travelers, non-residents, businesses and industries.
In summary, the future significant development issues confronting the Town of Windsor will
focus on protecting the existing land uses and improving its key assets such as the Central
Business District.
6. Existing Ordinances and Land Use Controls
The town maintains a comprehensive program of building and land use controls.
Administrative responsibility for implementation of most programs lies with the Town
Administrator. However, the town's bookkeeper (a full-time position) serves as Secretary to
the Planning Board and Clerk to the Board of Adjustment.
The following defines the town's ordinances and land use controls:
a. Zoning Ordinance
The Town of Windsor zoning ordinance was adopted in 1977. However, the zoning
ordinance map was updated in 1991 and the ordinance was updated in 1992. The
1992 update included and consolidated changes which had occurred. The ordinance
defines its purpose as:
"This Ordinance is designated to encourage the growth of the various physical
elements of the town, to guide the future development of the town in accordance with
a comprehensive plan of land use and population density so that the town may realize
its potentialities as a place to live and work."
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-31

II
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Section I:
A total of nine zoning districts are provided. They include the following:
R-75
Single -Family Residential District
RA-20
Single -Family Agricultural Residential District
R-10
Single and Two -Family Residential District
R-7
Single and Two -Family Residential District
R-5
Single -Family Residential District
O-I
Office and Institutional District
C-1 (CBD)
Central Business District
C-2 (HCD)
Highway Commercial District
M-1
Manufacturing
The zoning ordinance, which is available at the Town of Windsor municipal building,
should be referred to for lot sizes/dimensional requirements and the definitions of
allowable uses. The zoning ordinance is enforced by the Town Administrator who
also serves as the building inspector.
b. Subdivision Ordinance
Windsor's subdivision ordinance was adopted in 1973 and has not been substantially
revised since its adoption. The purpose of the ordinance is defined as:
"The purpose of this ordinance is to establish procedures and standards for the
regulation and control of the subdivision of land within the present and future
jurisdiction of the Town of Windsor, North Carolina, in order to promote the public
health, safety, and general welfare of the community. They are designed to promote
the orderly layout and development of land for streets and public utilities; ensure
adequate provision for transportation facilities, sewers, water supply, schools, parks,
playgrounds and other public facilities; ensure the proper distribution of population
and traffic to avoid congestion and overcrowding; provide adequate light, air, and
open space; ensure greater safety from fire, flood and other dangers; and ensure
proper legal description, identification, monumentation, and recording of subdivision
properties."
Copies of the subdivision ordinance are available at the Windsor municipal building
and should be referred to for detailed requirements. The ordinance is enforced by the
Town Administrator who also serves as the building inspector.
C. Utilities Extension Policies
The town maintains a mandatory water and sewer hook-up policy. The sewer policy
applies to all customers who generate sewage at an amount equal to an average
domestic user. Hook-up is mandatory for all customers located within 200 feet of
sewer and water lines.
Requests for the extension of water and sewer lines are analyzed on a case -by -case
basis. Fees are set at a higher rate for customers located outside the corporate limits.
of Existing Conditions I-32
1

d. Minimum Housing Code
The Town of Windsor has a minimum housing code which was adopted in 1979. The
code is enforced by the Town Administrator who serves as the building inspector.
The code has been an important element in Windsor's community development
housing improvements programs.
e. Mobile Home and Trailer Park Ordinance
The Town of Windsor has a mobile home and trailer park ordinance which regulates
the location of mobile homes and parks, individual installation requirements, and
mobile home park design requirements. The ordinance is enforced by the Town
Administrator who serves as the building inspector.
f. Federal Flood Insurance Program
The Town of Windsor participates in the Federal Emergency Management Flood
Program. The building inspector (Town Administrator) coordinates the program and
aids in ensuring compliance. The current National Flood Insurance Program Flood
Insurance Rate Maps were revised on August 19, 1985.
g. North Carolina State Building Code
The Town of Windsor enforces the North Carolina State Building Code for all new
construction and rehabilitation. As evidenced by the small number of building permits
issued from 1992 to 1997, a full-time building inspector is not required. Therefore,
the Town Administrator serves as building inspector.
h. Downtown Windsor Revitalization Study
In August, 1979, the Town of Windsor prepared the Downtown Windsor
Revitalization Study. The study was intended to analyze the existing downtown area
and to recommend priority projects to improve the downtown area. Potential funding
sources to finance projects were defined. However, many of those sources no longer
exist. The study was never implemented. However, many of the downtown problems
cited continue to exist.
Threat of CBD decline if economic development action is not continued by
both public and private sectors in an organized effort to retain its character as
a regional market place.
Limited accessibility from parking areas into stores deters shopping.
No "anchors" in downtown such as key department stores, which would draw
people to CBD.
Severe traffic problems on the CBD's main street, King Street.
NOTE: Parking lots have been constructed behind the Town Hall and on East Granville Street
providing approximately 90 new parking spaces.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-33 1

Partial flooding due to geographic proximity to lowlying Cashie River.
Lack of adequate parking.
i. Historic District Ordinance
The Windsor Historic District Ordinance was established in 1981. The ordinance
requires that land uses in the defined district remain consistent with the district's
historic theme. In 1991, the town succeeded in having the Windsor Historic District
entered in the National Register of Historic Places. Within the district, no major
alteration, moving, destruction, remodeling, or restoration should occur without
notifying the Town of Windsor.
I Windsor Parking Study
This study was prepared in April, 1991, in response to a request from the Windsor
Area Chamber of Commerce and Town of Windsor for assistance under the Municipal
Traffic Engineering Assistance Program of the Division of Highways, North Carolina
Department of Transportation. In 1990, the Windsor Area Chamber of Commerce
was instrumental in forming the Downtown Revitalization Committee. Subsequently,
a few owners made improvements to store fronts. As a related effort, the town and
chamber requested a parking study for the central business district with the following
specific objectives in mind:
I. Parking Management Strategies
The town requested assistance in implementing effective parking management
policies to better utilize the available parking in downtown Windsor.
H. Business community's perception of parking in downtown Windsor
The town asked that we correlate the parking study data with the results of a
survey given to the business owners in downtown Windsor.
The study examines each of these areas and provided recommendations based on the
engineering analyses made.
NOTE: Parking lots have been constructed behind the Town Hall and on East Granville Street
providing approximately 90 new parking spaces.
k. Town of Windsor Land Use Plan Update, 1986 and 1992
The Town of Windsor prepared CAMA-funded land plans in 1986 and 1992. These
documents responded to the state's 15A NCAC 7B planning guidelines and provided
policy statements for areas of environmental concern.
Town of Windsor Water Supply Plan
In 1994, the Town of Windsor adopted a town -wide water supply plan. This plan
identified specific actions which have or will be taken by the Town of Windsor to
ensure an adequate water supply. The goals of the plan are identified on page I-37 of
this land use plan.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-34 1

I
E.
7. Effectiveness of the 1992 Land Use Plan and Policies
I
The town was particularly successful in supporting policies addressing the following areas: '
— Continue efforts to preserve the Central Business District.
— Continue efforts to preserve historic properties and the Windsor Historic District on
the National Register of Historic Places.
-- Regulate the location of industries through the zoning ordinance and permitting
process.
— Preserve the Cashie River swamp forest area.
— Require individuals and businesses to connect to the town's central sewer system.
-- Support 15A NCAC 7H minimum use standards for application in all public trust
waters.
Town has updated its Zoning Ordinance.
The Windsor Board of Commissioners and Planning Board have supported the 1992 Land Use
Plan and believe that the plan has been an effective planning tool.
DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS: PUBLIC FACILITIES
1. Water Supply
The Town of Windsor owns and operates its own water system. The system consists of three
active groundwater wells, one emergency groundwater well, one 300,000 gallon elevated
storage tank, and approximately 28 miles of distribution lines. Table 19 provides the location
and pumping capacity for each of the town wells.
Table 19
Town of Windsor
Summary of Water Wells
Well Number Location Pumping Capacity (MGD)
1* Water Street Abandoned
2 Sutton Drive 0.360
3 Wall Street 0.720
4 Country Club Drive 0.720
MGD - Million gallons per day.
*Utilized only in emergencies.
Source: 1994 Town of Windsor Water Supply Plan.
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Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions
I-35
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The town water system has a combined pumping capacity of 1.8 million gallons per day
(MGD) for its active cells. Currently, the system is operating at an average of .439 MGD
with a maximum daily use of .550 MGD. Thus, approximately 1.25 MGD may be considered
surplus capacity. In addition, Well Al is presently only being utilized during emergencies and
its capacity may also be considered surplus.
All of the town's wells withdraw water from the Yorktown Aquifer at depths of between 370-
400 feet. The water in this aquifer is of very high quality and requires only the addition of
chlorine and Virchem 932. Virchem 932 is added to control the flaking of iron that has been
known to occur in cast iron water supply pipes. The Yorktown Aquifer has always furnished
an ample, steady water supply and no water shortages have ever been experienced.
In July, 1997, water service was provided to 1,275 customers of which approximately 86%
were residences, 13 % commercial businesses, and 1 % other. Table 20 provides a summary
of the top ten Windsor water system users.
Table 20
Town of Windsor
Top Ten Water Users
Name of Water User Average Water
Use (MGD)
Brian Center Rest Home
.0108
Hallmark Rest Home
.0062
South Windsor Water Association
.0246
Mid -East Housing Authority
.0057
Bettie County Regional Jail
.0043
Wash House No. 1
.0041
Wash House No. 2
.0035
Dialysis Center
.0025
Coulbourn Lumber Company
.0058
Stephenson Crab Company
.0033
Source: Town of Windsor.
The following summarizes the town's monthly water rates:
1,000 gallons or less:
Next 9,000 gallons:
Next 40,000 gallons:
Over 50,000 gallons:
$3.00/month
$0.65/1,000 gallons
$0.5511,000 gallons
$0.5011,000 gallons
' Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-36

In the town's 1994 Water Supply Plan, five goals relating to the water system were listed for
completion within a five year period. These goals along with their status are listed below:
a. Install meters at all active wells. Status - Complete.
b. Check infiltration of stormwater entering into the sanitary sewer system.
Status - The town is currently pursuing grant funds to accomplish this.
C. Implement a water meter replacement program. Status - Scheduled to start
next year (1998).
d. Develop a water conservation program. Status - This has not been addressed
and will remain an issue.
e. Implement a leak detection program. Status - Complete.
2. Sewage Disposal
The Town of Windsor operates its own sewage collection and treatment system. The
wastewater treatment plant occupies approximately 10 acres and is located off U.S. 13/17
South on County Farm Road. The plant utilizes extended aeration to treat its wastewater and
is permitted through the year 2002. Treated wastewater is discharged into Broad Branch
Creek which flows into the Cashie River. There are no package treatment plants located
within Windsor's planning jurisdiction.
During FY96, the wastewater treatment system experienced an average daily flow of 0.439
MGD with a permitted capacity of 0.750 MGD. Therefore, the sewer system is currently
operating at approximately 59% of its total capacity.
The sewer rates in town are $3.00 per month per 1,000 gallons and $1.25 for each additional
1,000 gallons. The rates are double outside of the town.
Since system capacity is more than adequate to meet the town's demand during the planning
period, the only problem relating to sewage disposal will continue to be that of stormwater
infiltration. This occurs during periods of heavy rainfall when runoff enters the sewer system
through failing sewer lines. Infiltration greatly reduces the efficiency of the sewer system
since the treatment plants must treat both wastewater and quantities of stormwater.
Drainage
During and following periods of heavy rainfall, isolated flooding has been known to take place
within some areas of Windsor. Normally this occurs when the water level in the Cashie River
is high and drainage routes for stormwater runoff are blocked. Historically, the most serious
flooding has occurred in three general areas. These areas include: Sutton Drive at Water
Street, York Street at the Livermon Recreational Park and Mini -Zoo, and Granville Street.
Although the town has not had recent success in receiving grant funding, it will continue to
actively pursue grants that will assist with the funding of ditching projects. In addition, the
town will develop a town -wide drainage plan. This plan should include measures for reducing
the volume of stormwater runoff.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-37 1

I
4. Solid Waste Disnosal
' The Town of Windsor provides solid waste collection for its residents and businesses. One
day per week residential collection is provided for refuse and recyclables and commercial
dumpsters are emptied on a case -by -case basis. Both commercial and residential customers
' are charged $5.00 per month for collection. Commercial customers requiring dumpsters are
charged $1.00 per cubic yard per collection. Non-dumpster commercial refuse is collected
twice per week. Offices are charged $7.00 per week and all other business are charged $14.00
per week. The town handles approximately 200 commercial accounts. Individual businesses
and residences without dumpsters are provided door-to-door collection twice per week.
' Windsor operates two packer trucks on a normal basis. The trucks are 1992 and 1996 models.
A third truck, which is a 1986 model, is available and utilized as a reserve vehicle.
' Ultimately, solid waste is transported and deposited at the East Carolina Regional Landfill
(ECRL) on County Road 1221 near the community of Republican. Bertie County and its
municipalities plan to continue disposing their residential, non-residential, construction, and
' demolition waste at the ECRL through the year 2005. The amended contract between Berrie
County and East Carolina Environmental of April 19, 1994, established East Carolina's
responsibility for closure and post -closure care of the landfill. The county recognizes that East
' Carolina has to date demonstrated its ability to operate the ECRL in compliance with state and
federal regulations. The county intends to develop in collaboration with East Carolina, a long-
term strategy to ensure the safe operation and retirement of the ECRL. The town has adopted
' the Bertie County Solid Waste Plan.
In addition to solid waste collection, the Town of Windsor provides weekly curbside collection
' of newsprint, glass, metals, and plastics which combined generated more than 40 tons of
material during FY1995-1996. The town is divided into four collection zones with each
served on a separate day. The off day, Wednesday, is available for conflicts with holidays
during the rest of the week. Windsor uses a four container source separated system and
independently contracts the sale of these materials through the Town Manager's office. New
residents are automatically charged a $24.40 deposit for the collection containers which is
' refunded if they move out of town.
5. Schools
' Windsor is served by the Bertie County School System. Specifically, Windsor's grade school
aged children attend Windsor Elementary, Southwestern Middle, and Bertie High School.
Table 21 provides a comparison of 1992 and 1997 enrollment and pupil/teacher ratio for the
t schools serving Windsor. Between 1992 and 1997, total enrollment at the schools serving
Windsor decreased from 2,572 to 2,256 students. All facilities are modem and well
maintained.
' Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-38

Table 21
Bettie County School System
Enrollment
Enrollment Pupil/Teacher Ratio Grade Year
School 1992 1997 1992 1997 Level Constructed
Windsor Elementary
Southwestern Middle
Bertie High School
Total
514 483 1/17 1/19
814 659 1/18 1/16
1,244 1,114 1115 1/14
K-5
1991
6-8
1962
9-12
1962
[_1
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Source: Bertie County Schools.
In addition, Lawrence Academy and Bethel Assembly Christian Academy are both area private
schools serving grades K-12. '
6. Transportation
2,572 2,256 1/17 1/16
An adequate transportation system plays an important role in how efficiently a community '
functions. One of Windsor's assets is its transportation system. Windsor is conveniently
located at the intersection of two U.S. Routes (13 and 17) and one primary State Route (308). '
These arterials provide convenient access to the neighboring communities of Ahoskie,
Edenton, Williamston, and Kelford. Due to the moderate population growth that has occurred
in Windsor and its planning jurisdiction, the carrying capacity of the town's transportation '
system has not been exceeded. The major components of the town's transportation system
include the following:
Principal Arterials: Principal arterials are those roads intended to provide travel routes '
for through traffic and interconnect with minor arterial and major highway roads and
systems. These include the following: U.S. 13 North, U.S. 17 North, U.S. 13/17
South, U.S. 13 Bypass, U.S. 17 Bypass, and King Street. '
Minor Arterials: Minor arterials also serve through traffic, but carry similar volumes
of traffic and serve to support the principal arterial system. These include the '
following: Granville Street, Sterlingworth Street (Primary State Route 308), and
Ghent Street.
- Maior Collectors: Major collectors are roads providing long travel routes and which
connect arterials and other collectors. These include the following: Watson Street,
Elmo Street, Camden Street, Holfer Street, Wayland Street, Charles Street, York t
Street, and Sutton Drive.
Minor Collectors: Minor collectors are roads which provide for short and medium '
trips within the town, generally moving traffic between neighborhoods. These
including the following: Blount Street, College Street, Elm Street, Belmont Street, and
Barringer Street. '
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions 1-39

In 1996, the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) compiled annual average
daily traffic (ADT) count figures for several areas of Windsor. These figures indicate that the
highest traffic volume in town is along U.S. 17 just east of the Cashie River. This area had
an ADT count of 12,800 vehicles in 1996. Additional high traffic areas included the US 13
Bypass just south of Governor's Highway (ADT 7,700) and King Street just to the north of
Granville Street (ADT 7,000). Map 2 provides the 1996 ADT counts in the Windsor area as
determined by the NCDOT.
Police
Windsor's police department staff includes a chief, eight full-time officers, and one part-time
officer. A total of seven patrol cars are maintained. The police department budget for fiscal
year 1997-1998 was $391,000. This was the largest departmental budget except for the
electric department. All police department personnel undergo regular training, and the full-
time officers are certified by the State of North Carolina. The town believes that police
protection is adequate to serve its security and crime prevention needs.
' A Windsor parking study conducted in 1991 recommended that the town explore the feasibility
of hiring a parking attendant to ticket vehicles violating parking restrictions. Since that time,
the town has considered this recommendation and decided that a parking attendant is not
desired.
8. Fire
' Windsor is provided fire protection through the town -owned and operated volunteer fire
department located on North King Street. Staffing at the department includes 38 volunteers
' and one paid full-time fireman. Equipment maintained by the department includes the
following: 2 pumper trucks (one 7.500 gallons per minute and one 12,500 gallons per minute),
1 tanker truck (1,800 gallon capacity), and 1 GMC van.
Although the majority of the funding for the operation of the fire department is provided by
the Town of Windsor, assistance is also provided by Bertie County. The department's
' operating budget for the fiscal year 1997-1998 was $137,195. The town continues to maintain
an Insurance Services Organization (ISO) rating of 5.
9. Emergency Medical Service
' Emergency medical services are provided by the Bettie County Rescue Squad, Inc. The
rescue squad maintains a total of approximately 40 volunteer members who are divided almost
' evenly between the Askewville and Windsor facilities. Equipment at the Windsor rescue
squad facility includes: Two ambulances, one crash truck that is equipped for water rescue,
and one boat. Equipment located at the Askewville facility includes one ambulance. The
' annual budget for the Rescue Squad is approximately $31,000 raised largely through an annual
radio telethon. Additional funds are also provided by the Town of Windsor and Bertie
County.
t
' Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I40

THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN PART
THROUGH A GRANT PROVIDED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA
COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, THROUGH FUNDS
PROVIDED BY THE COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENTACT OF
1972, AS AMENDED, WHICH IS ADMINISTERED BY THE
OFFICE OF OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION.
330
3700
7600
7400
L.,,
MAP 2
TOWN OF WINDSOR
NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
1996 ANNUAL AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC
I-41

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5
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10. Health Care
Bertie Memorial Hospital, located at 401 Sterlingworth Street in Windsor, is the primary
medical service provider in Bertie County. Its subsidiaries are Cashie Medical Center, which
has locations in Windsor and Colerain, and Bertie Home Care, located in Windsor. The
hospital is owned by Bertie County and is managed by Pitt County Memorial Hospital, the
regional hospital located in Greenville, North Carolina.
The facility is licensed for 49 beds and offers services in outpatient surgery and diagnostic
procedures, inpatient surgery, physical therapy, and emergency services to name a few. It is
also involved in community education and is a training site for nursing assistants and high
school occupational health students.
In addition to the hospital, there are three health care/nursing home facilities including the
Brian Center, Hallmark Center, and Winston Park.
11. Recreation
The town's recreation department consists of one full-time employee who is responsible for
the maintenance of Windsor's recreation facilities. Since the department does not have a
director, the maintenance and operation of recreational facilities are overseen by the Town
Manager. Windsor's recreational facilities include the following:
— Freeman Hotel
— Livermon Recreational Park and Mini -Zoo
— Cashie River Park and Wetlands Walk (privately -owned)
— Town of Windsor Campgrounds
— Three tennis courts on Sutton Drive
— Windsor Community Building
Tennis court on Cherry Lane
Probably the most significant town owned recreational facility is the Livermon Recreational
Park and Mini -Zoo located on York Street. Dedicated in honor of the late Mayor L.T.
Livermon on July 7, 1991, the park offers a wide variety of recreational enjoyment. This
facility features a playground, picnic area, restrooms, and approximately 30 species of animals
and birds, both foreign and domestic. In 1997, the park and zoo had approximately 23,000
to 25,000 visitors. The park has become significant as a regional tourist attraction.
Although the Cashie River Park and Wetlands Walk is owned and maintained by the Town of
' Windsor. The Wetlands Walk opened in October of 1995 and has since become one of the
most popular recreational amenities in Windsor. The project was funded, in part, with funds
from the DCM Public Beach and Waterfront Access Grant Program.
This walk has an 1,800 foot handicapped -accessible walkway to the Cashie River, featuring
a fishing pier at the end. Two canoe or small boat hand launch piers provide access to several
' miles of the river and the walk also features an observation deck. Shrubs and trees are labeled
for identification and wild animals can be seen in their natural habitat.
I
' Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-42 '

In addition to these facilities, organized activities including sports programs are provided at '
the Bertie County YMCA on King Street.
12. Electrical Distribution '
Windsor owns and operates its own electrical distribution system. The system serves 1,674 ,
customers located both in and outside of town. Of that total, 1,250 are residential customers.
The system is modern and well maintained. There have not been any problems with burnouts
or power shortages. The town recently upgraded the electrical system by increasing voltage '
from 4 KV to 12.5 KV. The improvement will reduce line loss of electricity and provide a
more efficient electrical distribution system.
13. Administration '
The Town of Windsor maintains a staff equivalent to 26 full-time employees. The following
provides staffing by department or function:
'
Administration 3
Police 7
'
Public Buildings 1
Fire 1
Streets 3
'
Sanitation 3
Recreation and maintenance of public facilities 1
Electric 2
'
Water 2
Sewer 2
Public Works 1
'
The town believes that the current staffing is adequate to accommodate the current demand for
services. These employees are well trained and considered to be sufficient to serve the needs
,
of the Town of Windsor and its residents
In addition to paid employees, the town relies on support from a large number of volunteers
who serve on boards and commissions. Those boards and commissions include:
- Windsor Planning Board
- Windsor Board of Adjustment
- Windsor Housing Corporation
- Windsor Historic Properties Commission
— Windsor Cemetery Committees (Edgewood & Hillcrest)
— Windsor Beautification Committee
— Windsor Township Development Commission
-- Blue Ribbon Downtown Revitalization Committee
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions 1-43 1

I
F. DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS: LAND SUITABILITY
1. Topography/Geology
The Windsor area is underlain by the Cretaceous aquifer system and surficial' wells which top
' the Cretaceous system. Windsor obtains most of its potable water from the Cretaceous
system. This system is underlain by granite bedrock and is located approximately 250 feet to
600 feet below the surface. The surficial wells which top the Cretaceous aquifer are normally
' less than 500 feet deep.
Recharge of the aquifer is primarily provided by rainfall within the Windsor region.
' Approximately 20 % of the area's annual precipitation enters the surficial aquifer. The major
recharge area is generally located west of Windsor in the vicinity of the transition from the
coastal plan to the Piedmont.
While the quality of water within the Cretaceous system varies areally and vertically, the water
is generally low in mineral content and suitable for all municipal purposes.
IDuring the 1980s, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of
Groundwater collected data and monitored water levels in the region to determine groundwater
conditions and the effects of large withdrawals. At times, large withdrawals, primarily in
Virginia, have resulted in some lowering of the water level. However, water supplies have
not been adversely affected and the groundwater supply should continue to be adequate
' throughout the planning period. Long-range monitoring of the groundwater supply by the
Town of Windsor, other local units of government within the region, and the state will be
crucial to ensuring the continuation of an adequate water supply.
The topography in Windsor's planning jurisdiction does not pose a constraint to development.
There are low areas along the Cashie River which are discussed in the Flood Hazard section.
' The lowest areas are at or slightly below sea level. Other areas within Windsor's jurisdiction
are generally flat to gently sloping. Most elevations within Windsor's jurisdiction are in the
range of 10 to 20 feet above mean sea level.
2. Flood Hazard Areas
Approximately 25% of Windsor's planning jurisdiction is located within the floodplain of the
' Cashie River and its tributaries. The floodplain is divided into three distinct areas which
include: the 100-year flood area, the 500-year flood area, and the floodway. These areas,
which are delineated on Map 3, are defined as follow:
100-year Flood — These are floods with a one percent chance of occurrence
in any given year. However, this designation should not be interpreted
literally, since floods do not occur in predictable cycles. Another way to
express flood probability is to say that a 100-year flood has a 26 percent
chance of occurring during the life of a 30-year mortgage.
' 'Groundwaters which are at or just below the surface.
' Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-44 ,

500-year Flood — This is the flood level likely to be equaled or exceeded
every 500 years. As with the 100-year flood, the percentage of occurrence
in any given year is difficult to predict or calculate.
Floodway — The channel of a river or other watercourse and the adjacent land
areas that must be reserved in order to discharge the base flood without
cumulatively increasing the water surface elevation more than a designated
height.
Out of Windsor's total floodplain area, approximately 25 percent is located in the Cashie River
floodway, 10 percent is in the 500-year floodplain, and approximately 65 percent is in the 100-
year floodplain.
It should be noted that of the town's total of approximately 1,025 dwelling units located within
the corporate limits and extraterritorial jurisdiction, approximately 12% are located in areas
subject to flooding.
The Town of Windsor participates in the Federal Emergency Management Flood Program.
The town's most recent National Flood Insurance Rate Maps were revised on August 19,
1985. The town has not been affected by storm related storm surge. In addition, adverse
effects from long-term sea level rise are not expected.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-45 1

The preparation of this mop was financed
I,part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Mono emenl
Program, Imough lands provided by the
Coastal Zene Maagemal Ad of 1972, o.�p1010716�
as -and.
M atranblered by IN
Otlice of Ooa and Coastal RU.Ur . Cashle River
Management, National Oceanic ad
Alamepheric AdmlNgratioo.
03010107160000
Cashle RiNer
LEGEND
A 100-YEAR FLOOD BOUNDARY
B 500-YEAR FLOOD BWINDARY
F FLOODWAY
A —A CROSS SECTION LINE
� WATERSHED BOUNDARIES
r1
03010107160050
Chucklemaker Swamp
.i01le'Ie
D
MAP 3
TOWN OF WINDSOR
FLOOD HAZARD MAP AND
_. WATERSHED BOUNDARIES
A
A
A
A
NOTES TO USER
BOUNDARIES OF THE FLODDWAYS WERE COMPUTED AT CROSS
SECTIONS AND WTERPOLATED BETWEEN CROSS SEC 10145. THE
FLOODWAYS WERE BASED ON HYDRAULIC CONSIDERATIONS WITH
REGARD TO REQUIREMENTS OF THE FEDERAL EMERGENCY
MANAGENENTAGENCY.
THIS MAP WAS PREPARED TO FACBITATE ROOD PUN
MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES ONLY; IT MAY NOT SHOW ALL SPECIAL
FLOOD HAZARD AREAS W THE COMMUNITY OR ALL PIANMETRIC
FEATURES OUTSIDE OF THE FLOOD PLAIN. REFER TO THE
LATEST OFFICIAL FLOOD NSUMNCE RATE MAP FOR ANY
ADDITIONAL AREAS OF SPECIAL ROOD H 1%1.
THE FLOODWAY IS THE CHANNEL OF A STREAM. PLUS ANY
ADACENT FLOOOPLAIN AREAS. THAT MUST BE KEPT FREE OF
ENCROACHMENT N ORDER THAT THE 106YEAR FLOOD BE
CARRIED WITHOUT SUBSTANTU, INCREASES IN FLOOD HEIGHTS.
I-46

Soils
A detailed Soils Survey for Bertie County was published by the United States Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service in June, 1990. The survey identified
30 different soil associations which are located within Windsor and its extraterritorial
jurisdiction. Thirteen (13) of those associations have severe wetness conditions for
construction, and six are considered hydric soils. The soils are delineated on Map 4. The
hydric soils will be discussed in the section dealing with 404 wetlands. The soils exhibiting
severe wetness conditions occupy approximately 50 % of Windsor's corporate and
extraterritorial jurisdiction area. The soils exhibiting the best conditions for construction are
concentrated in Windsor's corporate limits, west of town and northeast of town. Many of the
areas exhibiting the best conditions for construction are also prime farmlands. The prime
farmlands are indicated on Map 5, Fragile Areas.
Table 22 provides a summary of the characteristics of the soils types located within Windsor's
planning jurisdiction.
II
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' Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-47 1

Table 22
Town of Windsor
Soil Features
Dwellings
Dwellings
Small
Septic Tank
Sewage
Soil Name and
Without
With
Commercial
Local Roads and
Absorption Fields
Lagoon
Map Symbol
Basements
Basements
Buildings
Streets
Areas
Ata - Altavista
Moderate:
Severe: wetness
Moderate:
Moderate:
Severe: wetness
Severe: wetness
wetness
wetness
wetness; low
strength
An - Augusta
Severe: wetness
Severe: wetness
Severe: wetness
Moderate:
Severe: wetness
Severe: wetness
wetness, low
strength
BB - Bibb
Severe: flooding,
Severe: flooding,
Severe: flooding,
Severe: wetness,
Severe: flooding,
Severe: flooding,
wetness
wetness
wetness
flooding
wetness
wetness
BoB - Bonneau
Slight
Moderate:
Slight
Slight
Severe: wetness
Severe: seepage
BoC - Bonneau
Ch - Chewacla
CnB - Conetoe
CrA, CrB - Craven
CrC - Craven
wetness, slope
Moderate: slope Moderate: wetness Severe: slope
Severe: flooding, Severe: flooding, Severe: flooding,
wetness wetness wetness
Slight
Moderate:
wetness, shrink -
swell
Moderate:
wetness, shrink -
swell
Slight
Severe: wetness
Severe: wetness
Slight
Moderate:
wetness, shrink -
swell
Moderate: slope
Severe: wetness
Severe: seepage,
slope
Severe: wetness,
Severe: flooding,
Severe: flooding,
flooding, low
wetness
wetness
strength
Slight
Slight
Severe: seepage
Severe: low
Severe: wetness,
Moderate: seepage
strength
peres slowly
Moderate: Severe: low
wetness, shrink- strength
swell, slope
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I48 '
Severe: wetness, Moderate: slope,
peres slowly seepage
M = M M

M == M M ! M = M M = = M M = M
Table 22 (continued)
Dwellings
Dwellings
Small
Septic Tank
Sewage
Soil Name and
Without
With
Commercial
Local Roads and
Absorption Fields
Lagoon
Map Symbol
Basements
Basements
Buildings
Streets
Areas
DgA - Dogue
Moderate:
Severe: wetness
Moderate:
Severe: low
Severe: wetness,
Severe: seepage,
wetness, shrink-
wetness, shrink-
strength
peres slowly
wetness
swell
swell
DgB - Dogue
Moderate:
Severe: wetness
Moderate:
Severe: low
Severe: wetness,
Severe: seepage,
wetness, shrink-
wetness, shrink-
strength
peres slowly
wetness
swell
swell, slope
DgC - Dogue
Moderate:
Severe: wetness
Severe: slope
Severe: low
Severe: wetness,
Severe: seepage,
wetness, shrink-
strength
peres slowly
wetness, slope
swell, slope
Dk - Dorovan
Severe: subsides,
Severe: subsides,
Severe: subsides,
Severe: subsides,
Severe: subsides,
Severe: subsides,
flooding, wetness
flooding, wetness
flooding, wetness
flooding, wetness
flooding
flooding
GoA - Goldsboro
Moderate:
Severe: wetness
Moderate:
Moderate:
Severe: wetness
Severe: wetness
wetness
wetness
wetness
Lf - Leaf
Severe: wetness,
Severe: wetness,
Severe: wetness,
Severe: shrink-
Severe: wetness,
Slight
shrink -swell
shrink -swell
shrink -swell
swell, low
peres slowly
strength, wetness
Ln - Lenoir
Severe: wetness
Severe: wetness
Severe: wetness
Severe: low
Severe: wetness,
Slight
strength
peres slowly
NoA - Norfolk Slight
NoB - Norfolk Slight
Moderate: wetness Slight Slight Moderate:
Moderate: wetness Moderate: slope Slight
Ra - Rains Severe: wetness Severe: wetness Severe: wetness Severe: wetness
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I49 1
wetness, peres
slowly
Moderate:
wetness, peres
slowly
Severe: wetness
Moderate:
seepage, wetness
Moderate:
seepage, wetness
Severe: wetness

Table 22 (continued)
Dwellings
Dwellings
Small
Septic Tank
Sewage
Soil Name and
Without
With
Commercial
Local Roads and
Absorption Fields
Lagoon
Map Symbol
Basements
Basements
Buildings
Streets
Areas
Ro - Roanoke
Severe: flooding,
Severe: flooding,
Severe: flooding,
Severe: low
Severe: flooding,
Severe: seepage,
wetness
wetness
wetness
strength,
wetness, peres
flooding
wetness, flooding
slowly
Se - Seabrook
Moderate:
Severe: wetness
Moderate:
Moderate:
Severe: wetness,
Severe: seepage,
wetness
wetness
wetness
poor filter
wetness
TaB - Tarboro
Slight
Slight
Slight
Slight
Severe: poor filter
Severe: seepage
Ud - Udorthents
(Data not
available)
Wa - Wahee
Severe: wetness
Severe: wetness
Severe: wetness
Severe: low
Severe: wetness,
Slight
strength, wetness
peres slowly
WE - Wehadkee
Severe: flooding,
Severe: flooding,
Severe: flooding,
Severe: wetness,
Severe: flooding,
Severe: flooding,
wetness
wetness
wetness
flooding, low
wetness
wetness
strength
WkA - Wickham
Slight
Slight
Slight
Slight
Moderate: peres
Moderate: seepage
WkB - Wickham
Slight
Slight
Moderate: slope
Slight
WkC - Wickham
Moderate: slope
Moderate: slope
Severe: slope
Moderate: slope
WmB - Wickham
WtD - Winton
Slight
Moderate:
wetness, slope
Slight
Severe: wetness
Source: U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service.
Moderate: slope Slight
Severe: slope Moderate:
wetness, slope
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-50 1
slowly
Moderate: peres
slowly
Moderate: slope,
peres slowly
Moderate: peres
slowly
Severe: wetness,
peres slowly
Moderate:
seepage,slope
Severe: slope
Moderate:
seepage, slope
Severe:seepage,
slope, wetness

THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN PART
THROUGH A GRANT PROVIDED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA
COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, THROUGH FUNDS
ZONE MANAGEMENT
1972,, AS AMENDED. WHIVIDED BY THE COAS HA IS ADMINISTERED BY THET OF
OFFICE OF OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINNISNTRATION.
PF
zs-,PFo
PF
PF
LEGEND
WINDSOR HISTORIC DISTRICT
FRAGILE PUBLIC LANDS
N CASHIE RIVER FLOODWAY
PF PRIME FARMLAND
(SeSoils Map I" delineation
of e
See Note 1 AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN (AEC'$)
- PUBLIC TRUST WATERS
See Nole 2 404 WETLAND AREAS
NOTES:
MAP 5 1. ALL WATERS UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF
THE TOWN OF WINDSOR ARE PUBLIC TRUST
AREAS AS DEFINED
TOWN OF WINDSOR PUBLIC TRUSTAREAS.IN 15A NCAC 7H.0207
AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN 2. a J RISDIADE e°N E CORPS OFOSC ENGINEERS
AND OTHER FRAGILE AREAS PERSONNEL THROUGH INDIVIDUAL ON -SITE
ANALYSIS. EXCLUDING MANAGED PINELAND,
THE MAJORITY OF THE WETLAND AREAS
WITHIN WINDSORS PLANNING JURISDICTION
`f•.,��' ARE LOCATED IN THE CASHIE RIVER
e FLOODWAY.
..
PF ..•0. THE CASHIE RIVER IS AN ANADROMOUS FISH
SPAWNING AREA
PF ••• .;� �,,,a 4. THERE ARE NATURAL RESOURCE FRAGILE
PF. :*•`? AREAS LOCATED WITHIN THE HARDWOOD
PF SWAMPS OF THE CASHIE RIVER.
..., PF`
r PF PF PFPF
O PF !
- PF PF !
;T PF F i
PF I
PF i
real"Yi' F PF PF i
PF
FF
PF
PF
I-52

1
1
1
1
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
LEGEND
AIA
Altavista
AU
Augusta
BB
Bibb
BoB
Bonneau
Ch
Chewaola
CnB
Conetoe
N
CrA, CrB, CrC
Craven
DgA, DgB, DgC
Dogue
DK
Dorovan
GoA
Goldsboro
Lf
Leaf
/ N
Ln
Lenoir
f
NoA, NoB
Norfolk
4
Ra
Rains
Ro
Roanoke
BB
Se
Seabrook
TaB
Tarboro
A A
MAP 4
Ud
We
Udorthems
Wahee
6
WE
Wehadkee
BB
PART
TOWN OF WINDSOR
Wk&WkB, WkC
Wickham
THE PREPARATION OR THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN
WmB
Wickham
THROUGH A GRANT PROVIDED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA
COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM THROUGH FUNDS nc k
SOILS MAP
WID
Winton
/ram
-r ...I
-AWNS
!
"'�!►
t IF
v
5'
Lf
t
n
-CrA
Lt
Ln
i
Lf !
Lf-
Ln !
L I CrA
i
LfWE
Ln
CrA CrB_ _
f•
I-51

4. Man -Made Hazards/Restrictions
There are no significant man-made hazards located within Windsor or its extraterritorial
jurisdiction. The greatest concentrations of hazardous materials are the storage of gasoline
and fuel oil. These occur at the following locations: Ferrell Gas (L.P. gas storage)/York
' Street; Eastern Fuels Company/S. King Street; Davenport Oil Company/US 13/17 South;
Spruill Oil Company/US 17 South; Town of Windsor above ground storage tanks at the
town's equipment shed/York Street; and Town of Windsor underground storage tanks at the
town's utility warehouse/Water Street. Eastern Fuels and Ferrell Gas are the only facilities
which are located in residential areas.
In addition to fuel storage, chemicals and pesticides are stored at a limited number of areas
'
in town. The EPA requires that facilities report certain chemical substances located on site.
Specifically, under this regulatory requirement, facilities with chemicals on the EPA's list of
Extremely Hazardous Substances present in a quantity equal to or in excess of their established
'
Threshold Planning Quantity or a 500 pound threshold (whichever number is less), as well as
any hazardous chemical present on site in a quantity equal to or greater than 10,000 pounds
must be included on an annual report called the Tier II. This report must be submitted by
'
March 1 of each year to the North Carolina Emergency Response Commission, the Local
Emergency Planning Committee, and the local fire department with jurisdiction over the
reporting facility. Table 23 provides a list of facilities located in Windsor that submitted Tier
'
II reports in 1995. Siting for energy generating or support facilities has not been an issue
within the town's planning jurisdiction.
Table 23
Town of Windsor
Tier II Reporters, 1995
Facility Name Address
'
Lea Lumber and Plywood 412 Hoggard Mill Road, Windsor, NC 27983
NC National Guard Armory 119 US 13 and 17 South, Windsor, NC 27983
Powell and Stokes 217 US Highway 13 North, Windsor, NC 27983
Quick Snak 2 125 US 13-17 South, Windsor, NC 27983
Sprint Carolina Telephone 301 Winston Avenue, Windsor, NC 27983
Todd's Bait 509 South King Street, Windsor, NC 27983
Source: Division of Emergency Management, 1995.
t
5. Fraeile Areas
' Subchapter 7H of Chapter 15A of the North Carolina Administrative Code (15A NCAC 7H)
provides the state's definition of areas of environmental concern (AECs). Those areas include
coastal wetlands, ocean hazard areas, estuarine shorelines, inlet hazard areas, public trust
' Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-53 '

areas, coastal complex natural areas, coastal areas sustaining remnant species, significant '
coastal archaeological resources, and significant coastal historic architectural resources.
The only AECs relevant to the Town of Windsor are the public trust areas of the Cashie '
River. However, there are significant non -AEC fragile areas located within Windsor's
jurisdiction. These include: 404 wetlands, prime farmlands, Cashie River floodway, and the '
Windsor Historic District. These areas are delineated on Map 5, Fragile Areas. The use of
off -road vehicles has not been damaging to these areas.
a. 404 Wetlands '
404 Wetlands are areas covered by water or that have waterlogged soils for long
periods during the growing season. Plants growing in wetlands are capable of living
in soils lacking oxygen for at least part of the growing season. Some wetlands, such
as swamps, are obvious. Others are sometimes difficult to identify because they may ,
be dry during part of the year. Wetlands include, but are not limited to, bottomlands,
forests, swamps, pocosins, pine savannahs, bogs, marshes, and wet meadows.
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act requires that anyone interested in depositing
'
dredged or fill material into "waters of the United States," including wetlands, must
apply for and receive a permit for such activities. The Washington office of the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers has regulatory authority in Windsor. While there may be
'
scattered wetland areas located within Windsor, the specific locations of wetland areas
must be determined through on -site analysis.
'
While the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Washington office has not done extensive
wetlands analysis of Windsor's planning jurisdiction, the presence of hydric soils
provides a good indication of 404 wetland areas. Those hydric soils are located on
'
Map 4, Soils Map, and include the following soil series: Bibb, Dorovan, Leaf, Rains,
Roanoke, and Wehadkee. Table 24 provides a summary of the characteristics of each
soil. As a result of the extensive areas of hydric soils within Windsor's planning
'
jurisdiction, development should be an on -site investigation by the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers for 404 wetland areas.
Table 24
Town of Windsor
Hydric Soils
'
High Water Table Flooding
,
Drainage
Series
Class* Depth Months Frequency Duration Months
Bibb
P 0.5-1.5 Dec -Apr Common Brief -Long Dec -May
'
Dorovan
VP +1-0.5 Jan -Dec None -Common Very Long Jan -Dec
Leaf
P 0.5-1.5 Jan -Apr None -Common Brief Jan -Apr
,
Rains
P 0-1.0 Nov -Apr None
Section I:
Analysis of Existing Conditions I-54
'
,

Table 24 (continued)
High Water Table
Flooding
Drainage
Series Class* Depth Months Frequency Duration Months
Roanoke P 0-1.0 Nov -May
None -Frequent Brief Nov -Jun
Roanoke, P +3-0 Oct -Jul
Frequent Very Long Oct -Jul
Ponded
Webadkee P 0-1.0 Nov -May
Common Brief Nov -Jun
*P=Poor; VP=Very Poor.
Source: Natural Resources Conservation Service.
Generally, specific in -field wetlands determinations are based on the following
criteria. 404 wetlands are generally agreed to exist if: (1) the vegetation is
hydrophytic, (2) the soil is hydric, and (3) the hydrology is wetland; i.e., inundated.
(See Federal Manual for Identifying Jurisdictional Wetlands, January 10, 1989, as
adopted by USFWS, EPA, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the U.S. Natural
Resources Conservation Service, Part II).
Wetlands are a significant natural resource because they provide recharge areas for
groundwater; serve as filter traps for sediment, pesticides and other pollutants;
provide non-structural flood control; buffer against shoreline erosion; serve as buffer
cones between upland activities and valuable aquatic systems; and provide habitats for
numerous furbearing animals, endangered species, and other wildlife.
b. Slopes in Excess of 12%
There are no slopes which exceed 12% within Windsor's planning jurisdiction.
C. Excessive Erosion Areas
There are no excessive erosion areas within Windsor's planning jurisdiction.
d. Historic and Archaeological Sites
Windsor includes numerous historically significant sites. One of the town's most
important assets is the Windsor Historic District, which was approved for inclusion
in the National Register of Historic Places on July 29, 1991. The district is primarily
located in Windsor's Central Business District and generally defined as the area of
King Street between Byrd and Water Streets, and Queen Street from Camden Street
to Water Street. The specific boundaries are located on Map 6. The following is an
excerpt from Windsor's 1991 nomination of its historic district to the National
Register of Historic Places which describes the commercial district. The unit numbers
referred to in the following excerpt have also been indicated on Map 6.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions 1-55 1

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MAP 6
TOWN OF WINDSOR
HISTORIC DISTRICT
The preparation of this mep was financed in part
through a gram provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Ofice of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Managemem, National
Oceanic and Abmspheric Administration.
I-56

"All but a handful of the commercial structures appear to predate
1900, but none has escaped later renovations of their street -level
facades. Nearly all of the older buildings, however, have retained
their rear elevations intact with large arched openings with double
doors and large segmental arched windows with iron bars. Behind
119 South King Street (#58) is a one-story brick structure with three
large arched openings identified on the 1919 McGrary map as a
stable. The oldest structure is the Masonic Lodge, 118 South King
Street (#18), built before 1848 but damaged by fire in 1917 and
remodeled with commercial space on the first floor. In 1888, a fire
destroyed the building on Granville Street and the town
commissioners ordered that all future construction be of brick. The
aftermath of the fire brought with it a resurgence of construction in
the commercial district, with new buildings erected at a relatively
steady pace between the 1890s and about 1930. A few of the
commercial buildings are only one-story in height, but most are two-
story with none taller.
Among the best preserved of the commercial buildings is the Spruill
Building, 125-127 South King Street (#59), with its four upper sash
framed and arched with brick moldings and hoods, and featuring a
wide cornice of recessed octagonal panels and elaborately corbeled
and sawtooth-patterned brickwork. Similar to the Spruill Building are
129 and 121 Granville Street (#118 and #121) with their upper
fenestration featuring crossetted and arched brick frames and
elaborately composed brick cornices. Similar but less elaborately
treated examples of the late nineteenth century storefronts are 102-104
and 124 South King Street (#15 and #20). Most of the commercial
structures have been the recipients of some "modern improvements"
in the form of large plate glass display windows and doors with metal
frames and flatroofed metal awnings; the sameness of these changes
gives a bland and anonymous appearance to the first levels of the
buildings in contrast with the weathered brick, arched windows, and
varied brick cornices of the second floor elevations. A few of the
buildings have received completely new facades, notably 113-117 and
109-111 South King Street (#56 and #55) where, above the standard
glass display windows, a "modern" look is achieved by the four
horizontal bands of recessed bricks which tie together the
symmetrically placed fenestration. The major intrusions in the
business district are 136-140 South King Street (#22) and 101 North
King Street(#14), both bank buildings. 136-140 S. King Street is an
older building remodeled into a "contemporary" structure with
narrow vertical strip windows and given a coating of white stucco in
great contrast to its red -brick neighbors. 101 N. King Street is a
large "Williamsburg" style bank set back from the street with a lawn,
out of scale and spatial context with the other commercial structures."
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-57

In addition to the Historic District, the following structures are of architectural or
historic interest, and are either specifically listed in the National Register or on the
State Study List for nomination to the National Register:
Registered Historic Places in Windsor Area
NATIONAL REGISTER
Bertie County Courthouse, Windsor
Elmwood (Watson-Mardre House), Windsor vicinity
Freeman Hotel, Windsor
Hope Plantation, Windsor vicinity
Jordan House, Windsor vicinity
King House, Windsor vicinity
Rosefield, Windsor
Windsor Historic District, Windsor
STATE STUDY LIST
Bond -Haste House, North side NC 308, .4 mi. North Bypass 13
Mizelle House, SW corner of King and Pitt Streets
Saint Elmo Missionary Baptist Church, Saint Elmo Street, Windsor
Other Places of Architectural/Historic Interest
Cashie Project, east of SR 1301, bordering Hoggard Mill Creek
Early House, 402 South Queen Street
J. B. Gillam House, 401 King Street
Gillam House, 103 Pitt Street
Gray-Gillam House, King Street
Thomas Bond House, north side of NC 308, north of Bypass 13
Mardre House, 108 South King Street
Freeman-Mizelle-Jadlock House, 101 West Granville Street
Pierce House, 304 North King Street
St. Thomas Episcopal Church, 207 West Gray Street
Spellings -Bond -Sutton House, 402 South King Street
Sutton-Hoggard House, 302 South King Street
Windsor Castle, West end of Winston Lane
House, 206 South King Street
Webb -Askew House, 308 South King Street
Matthews House, 204 South King Street
Jeremiah Bunch House, South side SR 1225, .75 mi. N Jct. SR 1257, .6 mi.
dirt lane
Dr. Henry Vaughan Dunstan's Office, King Street
Bettie County Courthouse, King Street & Dundee Street
Tessie Mizelle House, North side SR 1100 at Jct. SR 1102
Heckstall House, West side Jct. SR 1100 and SR 1101
Watson -Madre House (Elmwood), West side SR 1101, .5 mi. south of Jct.
with NC 308
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-58 1

Wolfenden-Hoggard House, SE corner Jct. SR 1300 and SR 1301
Carter -Mitchell -Cobb House, North King Street
Cherry House, York Street
Dail House, 313 King Street
Bowen House, 102 Queen Street
John Watson -Carter House, West side of US 13 Bypass (North King Street)
In addition to the historic sites, there may be archaeologically significant sites
scattered throughout Windsor's planning jurisdiction. In particular, the Windsor area
is considered an ancient Indian habitat. As a result, anyone undertaking land -
disturbing activities in Windsor should contact the North Carolina Department of
Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History.
e. Public Trust Areas
Public trust areas are all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands thereunder from
the mean high water mark to the seaward limit of state jurisdiction; all natural bodies
of water subject to measurable lunar tides and lands thereunder to the mean high water
mark; all navigable natural bodies of water and lands thereunder to the mean high
water level or mean water level as the case may be, except privately -owned lakes to
which the public has no right of access; all water in artificially created bodies of water
containing significant public fishing resources or other public resources which are
accessible to the public by navigation from bodies of water in which the public has
rights of navigation; and all waters in artificially created bodies of water in which the
public has acquired rights by prescription, custom, usage, dedication, or any other
means. In determining whether the public has acquired rights in artificially created
bodies of water, the following factors shall be considered:
(1) the use of the body of water by the public;
(2) the length of time the public has used the area;
(3) the value of public resources in the body of water;
(4) whether the public resources in the body of water are mobile to the
extent that they can move into natural bodies of water;
(5) whether the creation of the artificial body of water required
permission from the state, and;
(6) the value of the body of water to the public for navigation from one
public area to another public area.
These areas are significant because the public has rights in these areas, including
navigation and recreation. The public trust areas also support valuable commercial
and sports fisheries, have aesthetic value, and are important resources for economic
development. Within Windsor's planning jurisdiction, the waters of the Cashie River
are considered to be public trust areas.
The following defines the minimum use standards for public trust areas as set forth
in 15A NCAC 7H.0207(c) and (d):
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-59 1

"(c) Management Objective: To protect public rights for navigation and recreation
and to preserve and manage the public trust areas so as to safeguard and perpetuate
their biological, economic, and aesthetic value."
"(d) Use Standards: Acceptable uses shall be those consistent with the management
objectives in (c) of this Rule. In the absence of overriding public benefit, any use
which significantly interferes with the public right of navigation or other public trust
rights which the public may be found to have in these areas shall not be allowed. The
development of navigational channels or drainage ditches, the use of bulkheads to
prevent erosion, and the building of piers, wharfs, or marinas are examples of uses
that may be acceptable within public trust areas, provided that such uses will not be
detrimental to the public trust rights and the biological and physical functions of the
estuary. Projects which would directly or indirectly block or impair existing
navigation channels, increase shoreline erosion, deposit spoils below mean high tide,
cause adverse water circulation patterns, violate water quality standards, or cause
degradation of shellfish waters are generally considered incompatible with the
management policies of public trust areas. In every instance, the particular location,
use, and design characteristics shall be in accord with the general use standards for
coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, and public trust areas."
f. Cashie River Floodway and Hardwood Swamp
The Cashie River Floodway and Hardwood Swamp cover generally the same area.
They occupy approximately 10% of Windsor's planning jurisdiction. The floodway
is described on page I-45. To ensure the proper discharge of flood waters, it is
crucial that the floodway be preserved in its natural undeveloped state.
Hardwood swamps provide a valuable animal habitat and have been recognized as a
Natural Resource Fragile Area. Natural resource fragile areas are generally
recognized to be of educational, scientific, or cultural value because of the natural
features of the particular site. Features in these areas serve to distinguish them from
the vast majority of the landscape.
These areas include complex natural areas, areas that sustain remnant species,
pocosins, wooded swamps, prime wildlife habitats, or registered natural landmarks.
In the vicinity of Windsor, there are fragile natural areas located within the hardwood
swamps of the Cashie River.
While these areas are not recognized as a 15A NCAC 7H AEC, they are important
to the environmental integrity of the Cashie River. Primary responsibility for
protection of the swamp lies in the 404 wetlands regulatory process. In addition to
the physical significance of this area, the swamp forests provide a valuable open space
area adjacent to developed areas of Windsor.
The town supports channel maintenance in the Cashie River and construction of
bulkheads along the river's shoreline. Because of the river's width and depth, the
construction of marinas and floating homes have not been issues.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-60 1

Areas of Resource Potential
The 15A NCAC 7B land use planning guidelines require that areas with resource potential be
identified and discussed. Those areas are described by 7B as follows:
"Areas with resource potential, including: productive and unique agricultural lands;
potentially valuable mineral sites; publicly owned forests, parks, fish and gamelands,
and other non -intensive outdoor recreation lands; privately owned wildlife sanctuaries.
Prime farmland shall be identified consistent with the Governor's Executive Order
Number 96 promoting interagency coordination toward prime farmland preservation."
a. Prime Farmlands
The prime farmlands within Windsor's planning jurisdiction are delineated on the
Fragile Areas Map, Map 5. The soils include Altavista fine sandy loam (AtA),
Augusta fine sandy loam (Au), Craven fine sandy loam (CrA), Craven fine sandy
loam (CrB), Dogue sandy loam (DgA), Dogue sandy loam (DgB), Goldsboro sandy
loam (GoA), Leaf loam (Lf), Norfolk sandy loam (NoA), Norfolk sandy loam (NoB),
and Rains sandy loam (Ra).
The following excerpt from the Soil Survey of Bertie County, North Carolina,
provides an excellent explanation of prime farmlands:
"Prime farmland is one of several kinds of important farmland
defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. It is of major
importance in meeting the nation's short and long range needs for
food and fiber. The acreage of high quality farmland is limited, and
the U.S. Department of Agriculture recognizes that government at
local, state, and federal levels, as well as individuals, must encourage
and facilitate the wise use of our nation's prime farmland.
Prime farmland soils, as defined by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture, are soils that are best suited to food, feed, forage, fiber,
and oilseed crops. Such soils have properties that favor the economic
production of sustained high yields of crops. The soils need only to
be treated and managed by acceptable farming methods. The
moisture supply must be adequate, and the growing season has to be
sufficiently long. Prime farmland soils produce the highest yields
with minimal expenditure of energy and economic resources.
Farming these soils result in the least damage to the environment.
Prime farmland soils may presently be used as cropland, pasture, or
woodland or for other purposes. They are used for food or fiber or
are available for these uses. Urban or built-up land, public land, and
waters areas cannot be considered prime farmland. Urban or built-up
land is any contiguous unit of land 10 acres or more in size that is
used for such purposes as housing, industrial and commercial sites,
sites for institutions or public buildings, small parks, golf courses,
cemeteries, railroad yards, airports, sanitary landfills, sewage
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-61

treatment plants, and water control structures. Public land is land not
available for farming in national forests, national parks, military
reservations, and state parks.
Prime farmland soils usually receive an adequate and dependable
supply of moisture from precipitation or irrigation. The temperature
and growing season are favorable. The acidity of alkalinity level of
the soils is acceptable. The soils have few or no rocks and are
permeable to water and air. They are not excessively erodible or
saturated with water for long periods and are not subject to frequent
flooding during the growing season. The slope ranges mainly from
0 to 6 percent."
The 1992 Windsor land use plan included the following policies addressing prime
farmlands:
(a) Windsor supports and encourages use of the U.S. Soil Conservation
Service 'Best Management Practices" program to protect productive
agricultural lands.
(b) The town will allow development of prime agricultural lands
providing it is in concert with the permitted land uses in the zoning
ordinance.
b. Forestlands
There are extensive forestlands within Windsor's planning jurisdiction which are
commercially significant. Fifty to 60 percent of the town's planning jurisdiction is
forested of which approximately 10 percent is located within the town's corporate
limits. The majority of the forestlands are owned by industry for the supply of wood
to area pulp mills. It should be noted that extensive clearing of these areas could
result in erosion and surface water pollution problems. No land use compatibility
problems exist between the forestlands and other land uses. In fact, the forest areas
serve to protect the quality of adjacent land uses.
C. Public Parks
Windsor contains several valuable park areas. The most significant is the Livermon
Recreational Park and Mini -Zoo. The park includes picnic tables, shelters,
playground equipment, and a zoo. Schools and youth organizations within the region
regularly visit the facility. The town also owns the Windsor Campground and aids
in maintaining the Cashie River Park and Wetlands Walk. Both are cultural and
aesthetic assets to the town.
d. Marine Resources
The most significant marine resource areas in Windsor are the anadromous fish
spawning areas designated along the Cashie River. An anadromous fish migrates up
river from the sea to breed in fresh water.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-62 '

The North Carolina Division of Water Quality assigns water quality classifications to
all waters of the State of North Carolina. The classifications are based upon the
existing or contemplated best usage of the various streams and segments of streams
within a basin, as determined through studies, evaluations, and comments received at
public hearings. The classifications for fresh waters are as follows:
Class WS-I: water protected as water supplies which are in natural and
undeveloped watersheds; point source discharges of treated
wastewater are permitted pursuant to Rules .0104 and .0211 of this
Subchapter; local programs to control nonpoint source and
stormwater discharge of pollution are required; suitable for all Class
C uses;
Class WS-II: waters protected as water supplies which are generally in
predominantly undeveloped watersheds; point source discharges of
treated wastewater are permitted pursuant to Rules .0104 and .0211
of this Subchapter; local programs to control nonpoint source and
stormwater discharge of pollution are required; suitable for all Class
C uses;
Class WS-III: waters protected as water supplies which are generally in low to
moderately developed watersheds; point source discharges of treated
wastewater are permitted pursuant to Rules .0104 and .0211 of this
Subchapter; local programs to control nonpoint source and
stormwater discharge of pollution are required; suitable for all Class
C uses;
Class WS-IV: waters protected as water supplies which are generally in moderately
to highly developed watersheds; point source discharges of treated
wastewater are permitted pursuant to Rules .0104 and .0211 of this
Subchapter; local programs to control nonpoint source and
stormwater discharge of pollution are required; suitable for all Class
C uses;
Class WS-V: waters protected as water supplies which are generally upstream and
draining to Class WS-IV waters; no categorical restrictions on
watershed development or treated wastewater discharges are required,
however, the Commission or its designee may apply appropriate
management requirements as deemed necessary for the protection of
downstream receiving waters (15A NCAC 2B.0203); suitable for all
Class C uses;
Class B: primary recreation and any other usage specified by the "C"
classification;
Class C: aquatic life propagation and survival, fishing, wildlife, secondary
recreation, and agriculture.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-63 1

All waters within Windsor and its ETJ are classified by the DWQ as Class C. In
addition, surface waters (streams, lakes, or estuaries) are rated as either fully
supporting (S), support -threatened (ST), partially supporting (PS), or nonsupporting
(NS) by the Division of Water Quality Management. The terms refer to whether the
classified uses of the water (such as water supply, aquatic life protection, and
swimming) are being fully supported, partially supported, or are not supported. For
instance, saltwaters classified as commercial shellfish harvesting (SA) would be rated
as fully supporting if bacterial levels in the water were low enough to allow
harvesting. However, if fecal coliform bacteria levels were too high to allow shellfish
to be harvested, but not too high to prevent swimming, then the waters would be rated
as partially supporting since they only support the swimming. If the waters were
impacted to the point that even swimming was disallowed, the waters would be rated
as nonsupporting. Support -threatened (ST) waters have been identified within
Windsor's planning jurisdiction. All waters of the Cashie River are classified as ST
waters.
The utilization of Windsor's public trust waters for aquaculture has not been an issue.
e. Peat/Phosphate Mining
As indicated in the 1992 land use plan, peat or phosphate mining within the Windsor
area should not be an issue. The following is an excerpt from the 1992 plan which
clearly defines the significance of peat and phosphate to the Windsor area:
"According to Dr. Lee Otte, an East Carolina University Professor
who is recognized as being the foremost expert on the location and
mining resource potential of peat and phosphate deposits in the state,
the deposits in the Windsor area are not rich enough to be mined.
This does not preclude, however, the possibility of developing and
energy -generating facility for the peat resources."
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-64 1

SECTION H. PROJECTED LAND DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
A. PROJECTED DEMAND FOR DEVELOPMENT
1. DemoerWhic Trends
a. Regional and County
Five of the twenty North Carolina counties regulated by the Coastal Area Management
Act (CAMA) are expected to experience a net permanent population decrease from
2000 to 2010. Those five counties are Bettie, Hertford, Hyde, Tyrrell, and
Washington. Between the years 2000 to 2010, Bettie County's population is expected
to decrease by 2.8 %. Figure 3 provides a summary of year-round population growth
for CAMA regulated counties between 2000 to 2010.
The North Carolina Office of State Planning does not provide population forecasts for
individual municipalities within Berrie County. As a result, the figures provided in
Figure 4 were estimated based on 1990-1995 municipal growth rates. These estimates
have been provided to give only a general indication of the growth that may be
expected to occur and should not be interpreted literally. As Figure 4 indicates all of
the population growth anticipated to occur during the next decade may be expected to
take place within incorporated areas of the county.
b. Town of Windsor
Figure 4 also indicates that the Town of Windsor is expected to continue as the
county's fastest growing municipality. Between 2000 to 2010, the town population
' may be expected to grow 32.0%, resulting in a 2010 population of 3,199 persons.
However, it is conceivable that this estimate may prove to be conservative if the
county's efforts to promote eco-tourism continue to pay off. In addition, annexation
' could have an impact on the town's population during the planning period. However,
Windsor does not have a comprehensive annexation plan so any population forecasts
resulting from annexation would be pure speculation.
2. Commercial and Industrial Land Use
' Existing patterns of commercial and industrial land uses are not expected to change during the
planning period. Commercial development may be expected to occur gradually along U.S.
13 Bypass with the largest concentration near the King Street intersection. The majority of
' the industrial development during the planning period can be expected to occur south of town
off of U.S. 13/17 in the industrial park. In order to prevent potential land use conflicts, the
town has recognized the need to concentrate industrial uses whenever possible.
' The preservation of Windsor's Central Business District will continue to be a significant issue.
The Blue Ribbon Committee will continue to encourage the redevelopment and preservation
of the downtown area.
Section II: Projected Land Development Analysis II-1 '

FIGURE 3
CAMA-Regulated Counties
Summary of Year -Round Population Growth, 2000-2010
Year -Round
Population
% Chan
Municipality
2=
2M
00=10
Beaufort
44,280
44,760
45,175
2.0%
Berne
20,164
19,867
19,590
-2.8%
Brunswick
66.497
73.285
79,644
19.8%
Camden
6,202
6,244
6,303
1.6%
Carteret
64,209
69,543
74,280
15.7%
Chowan
14,666
14.940
15.283
4.2%
Craven
93,955
100,237
105,252
12.0%
Currituck
16,867
18,206
19,621
16.3%
Dare
31,491
36,479
41,495
31.8%
Gates
10,094
10,381
10,740
6.4%
Hertford
22.190
21,927
21.709
-2.2%
Hyde
5,151
5,017
4,837
-6.1%
New Hanover
139,332
145,147
150,936
8.3%
Onslow
169,659
185,627
198,617
17.1%
Pamlico
12.354
12.675
13.003
5.3%
Pasquotank
34,560
35,948
37,411
8.2%
Pender
36,374
39,448
42,331
16.4%
Perquimans
11,226
11,587
12,005
6.9%
Tyrrell
3,805
3,713
3,671
-3.5%
Washington
13.473
13,010
12,518
-7.1%
Total 816,539 868,041 914,421 12.0%
North Carolina 7,444,961 7.762,906 8,070,539 8.4%
250,000
`C 150,000
m
a
a 100,000
50,000
0
�e aao a�a� �a aye `ae oA �e a� \ `�o c'r' aa� ace O oc
OaaJ Oa c�oe� Gam cr CO� Gca Gad` p Ge �a� � 'e oce QaF o`ti• Qao �JF ,C agc`o9�
14?41 Qa Qa y�
Municipality
Source: North Carolina Office of State Planning; extrapolation of data for unincorporated areas by Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
N

1
1
1
1
t
1
1
FIGURE 4
Bertie County
Summary of Year -Round Population Growth, 1995-2010
Municipality
Year
1995
-Round Population
2094
200
20]Q
Percent
Change
-95-'lQ
Askewville
195
189
183
178
-8.7%
Aulander
1,233
1,282
1,308
1,334
8.2%
Colerain
236
231
226
221
-6.4%
Kelford
202
200
198
196
-3.0%
Lewiston Woodville
841
897
957
1,021
21.4%
Powellsville
276
273
270
267
-3.3%
Roxobel
253
262
272
282
11.5%
Windsor
2,423
2,658
2,916
3,199
32.0%
Total Municipalities
5,659
5,992
6,330
6,698
18.4%
Total Unincorporated Areas
14,979
14,894
14,807
14,693
-1.9%
Total County
20,638
20,886
21.137
21,391
3.6%
3,500 101995 M 2000 02005 [32010
3,000
2,500
0 2,000
a
0 1,500
o.
1,000
500
0
00 �aCaOt aC e�o�a ,�0 \y,1\
0 o+o�e� "Caypc
moo Q
shy
v�
Municipality
Source: North Carolina Office of State Planning; extrapolation of data for municipalities
and unincorporated areas by Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Section II: Projected Land
II-3

The following factors will continue to have an influence on commercial and industrial
development in Windsor:
Windsor will continue to provide sound infrastructure including water, sewer
and electrical service.
— Windsor will continue to have good regional accessibility, especially highway
access.
-- Windsor's efforts to protect the central business district will continue. The
town will pursue all sources of funding to support revitalization efforts.
Windsor will tightly control any increases in industrial zoning within the town
limits.
Windsor will pursue an active annexation policy and extension of utilities into
the extraterritorial jurisdiction area.
Regional efforts to promote eco-tourism may have "spin off' effects on
commercial and industrial development rates.
3. Housing Trends
Residential development can be expected to occur at a relatively slow rate during the planning
period. As discussed earlier in Section I of this plan, between January, 1992 and September,
1997, only 15 building permits were issued for new residential construction while 63 permits
were issued for mobile home placement. Residential development will continue to be
dominated by low density, single family residential development. Multi -family residential
development will be minimal during the planning period. Generally, residential development
is expected to occur primarily along U.S. 17 east of town and along U.S. 13/17 South.
No major residential land use changes are expected to take place during the planning period.
The primary issue relating to housing continues to be the preservation of the town's existing
housing stock.
Based on an average household size of 2.6 persons per household and the premise that
Windsor's population can be expected to increase by 776 persons by the year 2010, there will
be a demand for approximately 300 new housing units in Windsor during the next twelve
years. Assuming an average residential density of three dwelling units per acre,
approximately 100 acres of land will be required to accommodate this development. Since less
than approximately 30% of the town's 11 square miles included in its planning jurisdiction are
developed, there is more than enough vacant land to meet development demands during the
planning period.
4. Public Land Use
Public land uses should not change significantly during the planning period. The Town of
Windsor does not anticipate any substantial land acquisition or public facilities construction.
Windsor will continue to improve and maintain its existing public facilities. Specifically, the
Section Il: Projected Land Development Analysis II-4 1

town will work on increasing water storage capacity and improving sewer stormwater
infiltration problems (See Section II, page II-6, Projected Public Facilities Needs/Availability).
Areas Likely to Experience Major Land Use Change
The Town of Windsor has maintained an active and effective planning program that regulates
development and land use. As a result, land use issues have been kept to a minimum. No
significant changes in the existing land use patterns are expected to occur during the planning
period. Development should continue at a relatively slow and manageable pace.
However, it should be noted that it is conceivable that toward the end of the five year planning
period, growth and development may begin to occur at rates slightly higher than those forecast
in this plan. The primary reason for this is the fact that the region is actively promoting eco-
tourism which may begin to foster growth in the area. In addition, in alliance with
Partnership of the Sounds, the Town of Windsor and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service are
developing the Roanoke River National Wildlife and Cashie River Interpreted Visitors Center.
This center will be located on the Cashie River off U.S. 17 across from Sutton Drive and may
be expected to open in the Spring of 1998. This facility will attract visitors to Windsor and
encourage travelers to stop in town. Traffic generated by this center may encourage additional
commercial development and eventually help attract newcomers to the area. However, any
development should be consistent with existing land use patterns. See page II-9 for further
discussion of the new Visitors Center.
6. Summary
There are no major physical obstacles to growth within Windsor. The gradual growth which
is projected is reflective of the regional economy. Windsor is positioned as a service center
in an agricultural/forestry region. While the development of a major industry would have
great impact on Windsor's growth and economy, the area -wide and regional competition for
such industrial development will be great. Windsor must strive to position itself to attract and
support such industrial development.
The following summarizes the key issues which will confront Windsor during the planning
period:
Windsor should continue to support preservation and renovation of the central
business district and historic district.
Windsor will continue an aggressive annexation policy.
-- Windsor will continue to preserve all local and area -wide historic properties
as both cultural and economic resources.
Windsor will continue to extend water and sewer utilities into the
extraterritorial jurisdiction.
— Windsor will support Department of Transportation improvements to regional
highways including: U.S. 13, U.S. 17, and improvements to lessen
congestion in the Windsor central business district.
Section II: Projected Land Development Analysis II-5 1

- Windsor will continue to enforce its minimum housing code to ensure that its
housing inventory remains in standard condition.
-- Windsor will continue to protect the Cashie River floodway and hardwood
swamp areas.
— Windsor will support improvements to the Bettie County School System
facilities to ensure that capacity meets or exceeds enrollment.
— Windsor will continue to support the location of industry in the Windsor
industrial park.
— Windsor will continue to utilize the town's zoning ordinance to prohibit or
control strip commercialization along highways connecting to Windsor.
— Windsor will continue to support the promotion of eco-tourism in the region
and the efforts of the Partnership for the Sounds.
B. PROJECTED PUBLIC FACILITIES NEEDS/AVAILABILITY
Windsor's population has been estimated to grow at an annual rate of approximately 2%. At this rate
of growth, Windsor may have a 2010 population of 3,199 persons or 776 persons greater than the
1995 population. As a result, public facilities needs during the planning period will be based on the
' demand created by a growing population. The town supports state and federal programs which
provide assistance for the construction of public facilities.
' Existing public facilities needs include the following:
— Construct an additional water storage tank.
— Implement a water meter replacement program.
' — Develop a water conservation program.
— Repair failing sewer lines that are currently experiencing infiltration problems.
— Continue to actively pursue grants that will assist with the funding of ditching projects
to improve stormwater runoff.
With the exception of these public facilities needs, all town provided services such as solid waste
collection, police, fire, rescue, recreation, electrical service and administration are expected to remain
adequate during the planning period. The town annually reviews staff requirements and will, as
necessary, increase staff size to accommodate increasing demand for services. No construction
projects related to the provision of these services are anticipated.
' In addition to the town provided public facilities needs, Bertie County Schools, the North Carolina
Department of Transportation, and Partnership for the Sounds all have projects scheduled to take place
during the planning period that will have an effect on services provided to Windsor's residents. The
following provides a summary of these projects:
Section II: Projected Land Development Analysis II-6

Bertie County Schools has identified the following deficiencies and recommendations for the
three schools serving the Town of Windsor.
Windsor Elementary
Deficiencies: Head Start and reading recovery are housed in mobile units. There are
problems with the mechanical system not heating and cooling satisfactorily and mildew on duct
work. The staff restroom needs ventilation. More storage is needed for the stage area. A
larger computer lab and teacher workroom is needed as well as two resource rooms. Traffic
flow is tight in front of the school.
Recommendations: Assign approximately 180 students form this facility to the Southwestern
Middle School (converted to an elementary school). Convert one classroom to a Head Start
room. Convert one classroom to computer lab and one classroom to two resource rooms.
Improve ventilation and mechanical system.
Southwestern Middle
Deficiencies: The mobile units on this campus are being used for health, alternative
classroom, and storage. The wiring in this facility needs up -grading. Art, band and music
are housed in inadequate space. The media center is 93 % adequate in size and lacks
appropriate support space such as an adequate in size office, work/production room,
audiovisual and periodical storage. The administrative area is inadequate in size. The SIMS
project is housed in the hallway. Additional student restrooms are needed. Custodial, general
and book storage are lacking. Book storage is now being housed in a mobile unit and the
mechanical unit needs to be replaced. Outside lighting is needed. The bus parking lot needs
paving and sidewalks need to be installed, The tile in gymnasium needs replacing. Bleachers
need to be repaired. There are no lockers in the boys' dressing room. The athletic storage
room leaks. Service labs need to be up -graded. The entire facility needs to be refurbished
and standards of cleanliness raised.
Recommendations: Renovate for elementary use. Remove mobile units.
Bertie High School
Deficiencies: The wiring in this facility needs up -grading to accommodate technology. The
administrative area is inadequate in size. Additional space is needed for conference, SIMS
project, workroom/storage, receptionist area, and principal's office. Guidance area needs
more space with conference area. Each department desires more classroom space. There are
five roving teachers. The five mobile units on campus are used for in -school suspension,
storage for English and ROTC, lounge and central office.
Recommendations: Renovate facilities for middle school use. Convert building one to a six -
grade house and pre -vocational labs. Expand administrative area located in building one.
Building 2 can be used for band, chorus and physical education. Convert building 3 to an
eighth grade house and renovate building 4 to eighth grade science classrooms. Convert
building 5 (cosmetology) to art lab. Building 8 can house health classes, aerobics. Convert
Building 9 for seventh grade house with 9 core classrooms and 3 resource rooms. Remove
buildings 10,11,12 and mobile units.
Section II: Projected Land Development Analysis II-7 1

' The North Carolina Department of Transportation has scheduled several transportation projects within
Bertie County. Although none of these projects will take place directly in Windsor, some may have
A an affect on traffic to and from the town. The following provides a summary of Bertie County's
transportation projects as listed in the states 1997 Transportation Improvement Plan (TIP):
tRoute/City
ID No.
Location and Description
Lengt
Schedule
h (MI)
NC 11
R-2900
NC 903 to US 13 Bypass north of
29.0
Identified future
Ahoskie. Widen roadway to four lane
need
divided facility.
US 13
R-2205*
NC 42 to the Winton Bypass. Multi-
11.2
Construction
lane facility with a bypass of Ahoskie
Initiated FFY 2002
on new location.
US 13
R-2506
US 13 Business north of Windsor to
17.2
Identified future
NC 42. Widen roadway to a multi -lane
need
'
facility. (Includes missing link of
Windsor bypass)
US 17
R-2404*
South of Windsor to west of Chowan
15.8
Construction
river. Widen roadway to multi -lanes
through FFY 2004
with a bypass of Windsor on new
'
location.
US 17
R-2512*
West of Chowan River to US 17
7.6
Construction
business east of Edenton. Widen
through FFY 1999
'
roadway to multi -lane facility with
interchanges at SR 1234 and SR 1319.
NC 308
R-2605
NC 11-42 in Lewiston -Woodville to US
14.9
Identified future
13 in Windsor. Upgrade existing two
need -construction
lane roadway and resurface.
by division
'
SR 1108
B-3811
Indian Creek. Replace bridge NO. 85
—
Construction
Initiated FFY 2004
SR 1123
B-3612
Branch Indian Creek. Replace bridge
—
Construction
NO. 143
Initiated FFY 2003
SR 1128
B-3408
Branch Roanoke River. Replace bridge
Construction
NO.147
Initiated FFY 2002
Windsor
W-3430
SR 1100, 0.4 mile to 0.2 mile west of
0.2
Under Construction
US 13 bypass, west of Windsor.
Revise roadway to improve horizontal
alignment.
1
* Indicates Intrastate Project
Source: 1997
North Carolina Transportation Improvement Plan.
'
'
Section II: Projected Land Development Analysis
II-8 '

The Roanoke River National Wildlife and Cashie River Intemreted Visitors Center is being constructed
in Windsor through a cooperative effort by the Town of Windsor, the Partnership for the Sounds, and
The National Fish and Wildlife Service. The facility is expected to open in June, 1999. The six acre
site is located on the Cashie River off U.S. 17 across from Sutton Drive. A former pepper storage
warehouse located on the site will be renovated to house, a general exhibit area, classroom, outdoor
overlook, and gift shop. In addition to the Center, a boardwalk, amphitheater, picnic area, and created
pond/wetland habitat will be included on the grounds. Offices for the Roanoke River National
Wildlife Refuge staff will be built on the site in the future.
The center is part of the Partnership of the Sound's Gateway project which will combine eco-tourism,
regional history, and education in the four counties on Albemarle and Pamlico Sound. The project
includes an estuarium in Beaufort County, the Lake Mattamuskeet Lodge in Hyde County, a boardwalk
and outdoor classroom in Tyrrell County, and the visitor's center in Windsor.
C. REDEVELOPMENT ISSUES
The most significant redevelopment issue facing the Town of Windsor is the preservation and
renovation of structures within the town's central business district and historic district. As discussed
in the existing land use section, although great improvements have been made, the central business
district (CBD) still has a number of deteriorated and vacant buildings. The CBD is the "heart" of
Windsor and reflects the town's historical significance as an area -wide retail and service center. To
support central business district redevelopment, the town will accomplish the following:
Support the Windsor Historic Properties Commission's and the Blue Ribbon
Committee's efforts to preserve Windsor Historic District.
Strictly support town building codes to require that commercial properties be
maintained in standard condition.
Pursue all available sources of state and federal funding which may be available to
assist in both public and private improvements within the central business district.
Consider participation in the North Carolina Main Street Program.
There are no significant residential redevelopment issues. Any substandard units found in the town
will be improved through the town's minimum housing code and/or housing rehabilitation grant
programs.
Windsor is not subject to major coastal storm damage. Convectional storms and tornadoes pose a
greater threat. However, some wind damage could result from the inland movement of a major
hurricane. Only minor flood damage is expected from a hurricane. While storm related damage is
not a significant redevelopment issue, the town will support the reconstruction of all storm destroyed
structures when reconstruction complies with all current local, state and federal regulations and the
policies contained in this plan.
Section H: Projected Land Development Analysis II-9 1 1

ID. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
This plan was submitted to Bertie County for review and comment prior to certification by the Coastal
Resources Commission. This review was provided to help ensure consistency of this plan with Berrie
County's planning efforts. Intergovernmental coordination and cooperation will continue through the
ten-year planning period. This will be essential to accomplish effective planning for public utilities,
thoroughfare projects, community facilities, housing needs, and environmental protection. The
Windsor Board of Commissioners and Planning Board will be responsible for ensuring adequate
coordination with Berrie County, the Mid -East Planning Commission, and other government entities
as may be required.
I
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ISection I1: Projected Land Development Analysis II-10 ,

I
SECTION III. TOWN OF WINDSOR LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
The CAMA regulations require the establishment of a specific land classification system to support
the local government's policy statements. This system should reflect developing land use patterns
within the town and provide a framework to be utilized by Windsor to identify future land uses.
I� The 15A NCAC 7B requirements provide for the following land classifications: developed, urban
transition, limited transition, community, rural, rural with services, and conservation. In applying
these classifications, Windsor should carefully consider where and when various types of development
should be encouraged. Additionally, environmentally sensitive areas should be recognized by the land
classification system. Each applicable land classification must be represented on a land classification
map.
The following land classifications are delineated on the Land Classification Map and will apply in
Windsor's jurisdiction:
j DEVELOPED areas included in the developed land classification are currently urban in character,
with no or minimal undeveloped land remaining. Municipal types of services, with the exception of
central water and sewer service, are in place or are expected to be provided within the next five to ten
years. Land uses include residential, commercial, public/semi-public, and other urban land uses at
the following densities which are prescribed by 15A NCAC 713:
500 dwelling units per square mile, or
three dwelling units per acre, or
— where a majority of lots are 15,000 square feet or less.
In Windsor, the developed classification is subdivided into the following sub -classifications:
Developed Residential (DR) - These are areas where electrical, police, fire, sanitation,
recreation and other municipal services are provided. The major land use is residential
development. The maximum height for residential structures is 35 feet. Specific densities in
the various areas of the town are dictated by the Windsor zoning ordinance.
For specific definitions of allowable uses within the various land classifications and the
locations of each zoning district, the reader should refer to a current copy of the Windsor
zoning ordinance and map. However, the following provides a summary of the zoning
districts which are allowed in the Developed Residential category:
tR-75 Residential District: The R-75 residential district is established as a district in
which the principal use of land is for single-family dwellings, including manufactured
' homes. It is intended that single-family manufactured homes meeting specific
standards may be placed on a lot that is zoned R-75, and that the R-75 district shall
provide an opportunity for manufactured homes to be placed in a single-family
residential district as, well as to provide an opportunity for alternative, affordable
I� housing, subject to the requirements set forth in the Windsor zoning ordinance. The
minimum required lot size is 7,500 square feet for one single-family unit, with 3,000
square feet required for each additional unit and 15,000 square feet for each additional
non-residential use.
Section III: Town of Windsor Land Classification System III-1 ,

The M-1 industrial district is established for those areas of the community where the principal
use of land is for industrial and warehousing uses. These uses, by their nature, may create
some nuisance and are not properly associated with residential, commercial and/or service
establishments. These uses normally seek outlying locations on large tracts of land where the
operations involved do not detract from the development potential of nearby undeveloped
properties.
The Windsor zoning ordinance provides a specific listing of the uses allowed in the industrial
district and the zoning map defines the district boundaries.
Developed Transition (TR) - Areas included in the developed transition classification are
presently being developed for urban purposes, or will be developed in the next five to ten
years. These areas should require complete urban services within the planning period. This
classification includes areas with partial municipal facilities and which are usually adjacent to
developed areas. Development which occurs must be compatible with adjacent land uses.
However, uses allowed in any of the developed land classifications may be allowed within the
developed transition category as long as they are consistent with the Town of Windsor zoning
ordinance and the policies contained in this plan.
Rural With Services (RS) - Areas included within the rural with services classification are
developed at low density. Land uses are primarily agricultural and residential. Water and
sewer services may be provided to avert existing or projected health problems. Lot sizes will
be large, and the provision of services will not disrupt the primary rural character of the
landscape.
All areas which are classified as rural with services are zoned RA-20. The Windsor zoning
ordinance and map provide a definition of allowable uses and delineation of the RA-20 zoning
district. The following provides a general definition of the RA-20 zoning district:
RA-20 Single -Family Residential District: The RA-20 residential district is established
as a district in which the principal use of land is for low density residential and
agricultural purposes. The regulations of this district are intended to protect the
agricultural sections of the community from an influx of uses likely to render it
undesirable for farms and future development, and to insure that residential
development not having access to public water supplies and dependent upon septic
tanks and outdoor privies for sewage disposal will occur at sufficiently low densities
for a healthful environment. The minimum required lot size is 20,000 square feet.
Conservation (CON) - The following environmentally sensitive areas are included in the
conservation classification:
404 Wetlands: This classification includes areas of 404 wetlands which meet the
wetlands definition contained in Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Only uses
consistent with the policy statements section of this plan and the Windsor zoning
ordinance will be allowed. These areas are not delineated on the Land Classification
Map. Specific locations must be determined in the field by representatives of the
Washington, North Carolina, office of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Section III: Town of Windsor Land Classification System III-4 1

Cashie River Floodway and Hardwood Swamps: The Cashie River floodway is the
channel of the river and adjacent land areas that must be reserved in order to discharge
the base flood without cumulatively increasing the water surface elevation more than
a designated height. The Cashie River floodway also contains the Cashie River
hardwood swamps. Development shall be prohibited within the floodway except for
uses in the public trust areas which are allowed by the 15A NCAC 7H use standards
for public trust areas; marinas which comply with all applicable federal, state, and
local regulations, and the policies contained in this plan; and structures which existed
on January 1, 1992. (Date established by the 1992 Town of Windsor CAMA Land
Use Plan).
Public Trust Areas: All waters of the Cashie River are public trust areas as described
by 15A NCAC 711.0207 and as such are classified as conservation areas. Uses which
are consistent with the 15A NCAC 711 use standards, applicable federal regulations,
Iand the Town of Windsor zoning ordinance will be allowed.
I
C
I
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[1
Section III: Town of Windsor Land Classification System III-5

W
RS
Kid
RS
K
DR
RS
DR
TR
RS
RS
RS
0
i
MAP 7
TOWN OF WINDSOR
LAID CLASSnUMON MAP
RS
0
li;�
0
LEGEND
DR DEVELOPED RESIDENTIAL
DC DEVELOPED COMMERCIAL
DM DEVELOPED MANUFACTURING
RS RURAL WITH SERVICES
TR TRANSITION
CON CONSERVATION M
(See Conservation Notes)
--- ----- EXTRATERRITORIAL JURISDICTION LINE
---, 1992 TOWN LIMIT LINE
......... 1997 TOWN LIMIT LINE
I
0
RS
0
CONSERVATION NOTES
1) ALL 404 WETLAND AREAS ARE CLASSIFIED AS
CONSERVATION. HOWEVER, BECAUSE OF MAP
SCALE, LOCATIONS MUST BE DETERMINED
THROUGH ON -SITE ANALYSIS AND
VERIFICATION. FEDERAL 404 PERMITTING AND
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS SHALL APPLY.
2) THE CASHIE RIVER FLOODWAY IS CLASSIFIEDAS
ACONSERVATION AREA THEFLOODWAYISTHE
CHANNEL OF A STREAM, PLUS ANY ADJACENT
FLOOOPLAIN AREAS, THAT MUST BE KEPT FREE
OF ENCROACHMENT IN ORDER THAT THE 100-
YEAR FLOOD BE CARRIED WITHOUT
SUBSTANTIAL INCREASES IN FLOOD HEIGHTS.
3) ALLWATERS OF THE CASHIE RIVERARE PUBLIC
TRUSTAREAS AS DEFINED IN 1 SA NCAC 7H.0207
PUBLIC TRUST AREAS. PUBLIC TRUST AREAS
ARE CLASSIFIED AS CONSERVATION.

SECTION IV. POLICY STATEMENTS
A. INTRODUCTION TO POLICY STATEMENTS
Policy statements are extremely important and may have a day -today impact on individual citizens
within Windsor's planning jurisdiction. The statements will have an impact in two important areas,
including:
— Establishment of local planning policy.
Review of proposed projects requiring state or federal assistance or approval to
determine consistency with local policies.
The issuance of CAMA permits within public trust waters.
L The policies contained in this section are based on the objectives of the citizens of Windsor and satisfy
the objectives of the Coastal Resources Commission. The citizen's planning commission closely
supervised the development of these policies.
With respect to "Consistency Review," proposals and applications for state and federal assistance or
requests for agency approval of projects are normally reviewed against a jurisdiction's land use plan
to determine if the project is consistent with local policies. Inconsistencies of a project with local
policies could serve as grounds for denial or revision of a project. For example, an individual or
agency may request state or federal funding to construct a 30-unit low -to -moderate income housing
project. If the proposed location of the project is within an area in which the land use plan states that
the residential density should not exceed two dwelling units per acre, the project may be judged to be
inconsistent with the local land use plan.
The only area of environmental concern as defined by 15A NCAC 7H located in the Town of Windsor
planning jurisdiction are the public trust waters in the Cashie River. CAMA permitting as required
by NCGS 113A-118 applies only within the Cashie River public trust waters. Except for public trust
areas, policies stated in this plan must be supported by local ordinances and actions in order to ensure
implementation.
The Coastal Resources Commission requires all governments to specify stated development policies
under each one of five broad topics. These topics include:
Resource Protection
Resource Production and Management
Economic and Community Development
Continuing Public Participation
— Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery, and Evacuation Plans
The policies outlined in the following section will provide a guide for advising and regulating
development of available land resources in Windsor through 2003. At that time, an updated CAMA
land use plan will be prepared. Policies which were considered, but not adopted, are provided in
Appendix H.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-1

B. VISION STATEMENT
Windsor desires to continue and expand its role as a service center for Bettie County. The community
will preserve its historic heritage and protect its valuable natural resources which include the Cashie
River and the adjacent hardwood swamps. Windsor will endeavor to expand its economic
opportunities by supporting an increase in the number of businesses and industries. However,
significant changes in the town's land use patterns are not expected during the planning period. The
town will expand its incorporated area by pursuing an aggressive annexation policy.
C. RESOURCE PROTECTION POLICIES
Community Attitude Toward Resource Protection
Windsor considers the Cashie River and the associated hardwood swamps to be a valuable natural and
economic resource. The town will continue to discourage development within the Cashie River
floodway. The minimum use standards contained in 15A NCAC 7H will be adhered to by the town
to protect the waters of the Cashie River which are considered public trust areas.
Physical Limitations
Soils (issue discussed page I-47)
POLICY (A): Windsor will rely on Bertie County to enforce all current regulations of the
N.C. State Building Code and Bertie County Health Department relating to
building and construction and septic tank installation/replacement in areas
with soils restrictions.
Implementation: The town will rely on its zoning permit process and the
Bertie County Building Inspections and Health Departments to enforce this
policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
POLICY (B): The town will cooperate with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in the
regulation/ enforcement of the 404 wetlands areas on all subdivision plats.
Implementation: The town will revise its subdivision ordinance to require the
designation of the 404 wetlands areas.
Schedule: The town will revise its subdivision ordinance in FY2000/2001.
POLICY (C): The Town of Windsor does not object to the net loss of some wetlands as
allowed by 404 regulations.
Implementation: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-2 '

1
II
I
POLICY (D): The Town of Windsor supports mitigation projects for the replacement of lost
404 wetlands located within Windsor's planning jurisdiction when required
by the Corps of Engineers.
Implementation: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Flood Hazard Areas (issue discussed page I-44)
POLICY: Windsor will not increase regulations governing development within flood
hazard areas and will rely on existing federal, state, and local regulations.
Implementation:
(a) Windsor will continue to coordinate all development within the 100-
year floodplain with the town's inspections department, the North
Carolina Division of Coastal Management, FEMA, and the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
(b) Windsor will enforce its existing zoning and flood damage prevention
ordinance to control development within flood hazard areas.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Groundwater/Protection of Potable Water Supplies (issue discussed page I-44)
POLICY (A): The Town of Windsor desires to conserve its surficial' groundwater
resources.
Implementation:
(a) The Town of Windsor will conserve its surficial groundwater
resources by enforcing CAMA and N.C. Division of Water Quality
stormwater runoff regulations, and by coordinating local development
activities involving chemical storage or underground storage tanks
with the North Carolina Division of Water Quality and the Bertie
County Emergency Management Personnel.
Schedule: Continuing activity, FY1997107
(b) During the planning period, the town shall review and amend the
local zoning ordinance with regard to underground chemical and
gasoline storage regulations to ensure a minimum of risk to local
groundwater resources. Implementation of this policy is particularly
' Groundwaters which are at or just below the surface.
II Section IV: Policy Statements IV-3

important because of the gharst (limestone) topography which
underlies Windsor.
Schedule: The town will revise its zoning ordinance in FY 1999/2000.
(c) In reviews of major development projects and planned residential
developments, the town will encourage the use of environmentally
sound package treatment plants and technologically advanced systems.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
POLICY (B): Industrial development shall be discouraged from locating in areas particularly
susceptible to groundwater contamination (hydric soils areas) as defined by
the U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service.
Implementation: The town will rely on its zoning ordinance to implement this
policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Marinade Hazards (issue discussed page I-53)
POLICY (A): Windsor supports regulation of underground storage tanks in order to protect
its groundwater resources. I
Implementation: The town will rely on the technical requirements and state
program approval for underground storage tanks (40 CFR, parts 280 and
281), and any subsequent state regulations concerning underground storage
tanks adopted during the planning period.
Schedule: Continuing activity, FY1997/07.
POLICY (B): Windsor opposes the temporary or permanent storage or disposal of any toxic
wastes, as defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Listing of
Hazardous Substandards and Priority Pollutants (developed pursuant to the
Clean Water Act of 1977) within its planning jurisdiction.
POLICY (C): Because industry can present hazards to other forms of development, only
similar land uses will be encouraged around industrial uses, industrial parks
and sandpits. Residential development will be limited near fuel storage tanks.
The town's zoning ordinance will be utilized to enforce this policy.
Implementation policies (b) and (c): Windsor will review its zoning ordinance
to incorporate provisions regulating the storage of toxic wastes within its
planning jurisdiction.
Schedule: FY1999/2000
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-4 '

Stormwater Runoff (issue discussed page I-37)
POLICY (A): Windsor supports water quality maintenance in order to protect fragile areas
along the Cashie River and to provide clean water for recreational purposes.
Implementation:
(a) The town will support state regulations relating to stormwater runoff
resulting from development (Stormwater Disposal Policy 15 NCAC
2H.001-.1003).
Schedule: Continuing activity.
(b) Windsor will seek funding through the coastal management program
to conduct a comprehensive town -wide drainage study. Emphasis
will be placed on protecting the water quality of the Cashie River.
Schedule: Prepare study Fiscal Year 1999-2000.
POLICY (B): Windsor will encourage development and maintenance of vegetation around
shorelines as well as other waterways in order to preserve as much of the
hydrological regime as possible. Along the Cashie River floodplain,
developments will be prohibited in all areas which are classified as 404
wetlands.
Implementation: The Town of Windsor will revise its zoning and subdivision
ordinances to incorporate provisions to protect shoreline vegetation and
Cashie 404 wetlands associated with the Cashie River Floodplain.
Cultural/Historic Resources (issue discussed page I-55)
POLICY (A): Windsor will protect identified historic resources as valuable cultural and
economic resources.
Implementation:
(a) Windsor shall coordinate all housing code enforcement/
redevelopment projects with the N.C. Division of Archives and
History, to ensure that any significant architectural details or
buildings are identified and preserved.
(b) Windsor will coordinate all public works projects with the N.C.
Division of Archives and History, to ensure the identification and
preservation of significant archaeological sites.
(c) Through its zoning ordinance and its historic district ordinance, the
Town of Windsor will continue to support and protect the Windsor
Historic District.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-5 '

(d) All historic properties identified in this plan which are located outside
of the historic district may be protected by the Windsor zoning
ordinance. Land uses which have negative impacts on historic
properties may not be permitted.
Schedule (a)-(d): Continuing activities.
(e) Windsor may revise its zoning ordinance to allow residential usage in
the second story or higher levels of all buildings within the Central
Business District. In order to protect the architectural integrity of
existing buildings, and to preserve the continuity of scale and design
within the Central Business District, the following requirements shall
be met when buildings within the Central Business District are
utilized for residential purposes:
All slip covers previously applied to the facade of existing
buildings shall be removed.
2. Where evidence exists of original windows and door
openings subsequently enclosed, such windows and doors
shall be reopened in an operable manner and in a style in
keeping with the building. Where other unique architectural
features remain, including cornices, mid-comices and
window surrounds, they shall be repaired and/or replaced
with elements of like design.
3. All residential usage shall comply with applicable North
Carolina State Building Code requirements.
4. All improvements will be consistent with the Windsor
Historic Preservation Ordinance.
5. All improvements should be environmentally sensitive to the
types of materials utilized in exterior cleaning work,
including the need for precautions when cleaning material
may be flushed into the storm sewer system.
Schedule: The town may revise the zoning ordinance in FY1999/2000.
Industrial Impacts on Fragile Areas (issue discussed pages I-27 and II-1)
POLICY (A): No industrial development will be allowed in the Cashie River floodway and
hardwood swamps or public trust areas. Industrial development will be
permitted in 404 wetland areas when/where permits are issued by the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers. In all other areas, industrial uses will be allowed
in the manufacturing land classification which are consistent with the town's
zoning ordinance. Those uses include the following:
— Automobile parking lots and structures.
Automobile repair and paint shops.
Amusement, recreation and sporting goods manufacturing.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-6 ' I

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Apparel and clothing manufacturing, including hosiery.
— Automobile parts and accessories manufacturing.
Bakeries and other establishments manufacturing prepared food
products for wholesale distribution.
Bedding and carpet manufacturing.
Boat and trailer works and sales.
— Bottling works.
Building materials and specialties manufacturing.
— Building materials storage and sales yards, provided all open storage
is fenced by a solid fence not less than six (6) feet in height.
Business machines manufacturing.
Business signs and billboards, provided such are located within fifty
(50) feet of any residential district, provided further that not more
than one (1) billboard structure shall be allowed per one hundred
(100) feet or less of lot frontage in single ownership, with one (1)
additional billboard structure allowed per additional one hundred
(100) feet of lot frontage.
Cabinet, woodworking and upholstery shops.
Contractors' offices and storage yards, provided all open storage is
fenced by a solid fence not less than six (6) feet in height.
Dairy products processing and distributing facilities.
— Drugs, medicines and cosmetics manufacturing.
Dry cleaning and laundry plants.
— Electrical appliances and electronic equipment manufacturing.
Farm machinery, sales and repairs.
— Feed and seed stores, hatcheries and fertilizer sales.
— Food stores, fruit stands and produce markets.
— Flour and feed mills.
— Furniture manufacturing.
Freezer lockers and ice plants.
Greenhouses and horticultural nurseries.
— Hardware and housewares manufacturing.
— Ice and cold storage plants and freezer lockers.
Industrial supplies and equipment, sales and service, provided all
open storage is fenced by a solid fence not less than six (6) feet in
height.
— Industrial trade schools and research laboratories.
Leather products, including luggage and shoe manufacturing.
— Machine and welding shops.
Metal fabricating plants.
Mobile home display lots.
Monument works and sales.
Musical instruments manufacturing.
— Offices pertaining to any permitted use.
Outdoor recreation uses, such as miniature and par-3 golf courses,
go-cart tracks and riding stables.
— Paper products manufacturing.
Plastic products manufacturing.
Rubber and glass products manufacturing.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-7 '

Plumbing and heating supply houses, provided all open storage is
fenced by a solid fence not less than six (6) feet in height.
Precision instruments and jewelry manufacturing.
-- Printing, engraving and publishing establishments.
Public safety facilities such as fire and police stations and rescue
squads.
Restaurants, including drive-in restaurants.
Service stations, including major repair work, provided that all
gasoline pumps shall be located at least twelve (12) feet behind the
property line.
Sheet metal, roofing, plumbing, heating and refrigeration shops.
Sign painting and fabricating shops.
Textile and cordage manufacturing.
Wholesale and warehousing establishments, except for the storage of
dangerous or offensive items such as uncured hides and explosives.
Customary accessory uses and structures, including open storage,
provided the area devoted to open storage is enclosed by a fence at
least six (6) feet in height.
POLICY (B): All industries allowed by the Windsor zoning ordinance should be targeted to
the industrial park.
Implementation: The town will rely on its zoning ordinance for
implementation of policies (A) and (B).
Schedule: Continuing activity.
POLICY (C): The Town of Windsor will support industrial development which may result
in some wetlands loss as allowed through the 404 permit process.
Implementation: Windsor will rely on the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to
implement policy (C).
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Package Treatment Plants (issue discussed pages I-37)
POLICY: Windsor will support the construction of package treatment plants which are
approved and permitted by the state Division of Water Quality. If any
package plants are approved, Windsor supports a requirement for a specific
contingency plan specifying how ongoing private operation and maintenance
of the plant will be provided, and detailing provisions for assumption of the
ownership of the plant if initial ownership and operation should fail.
Implementation: The town will rely on the Division of Water Quality
management for implementation of this policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-8 '

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Marina and Floating Home Development (issue discussed page I-60)
POLICY (A): Marinas which satisfy the 15A NCAC 7H use standards for public trust
waters, comply with the town's zoning ordinance and 404 wetland
regulations, shall be allowed.
Implementation: The town will rely on 15A NCAC 7H, the US Army Corps
of Engineers, and its zoning ordinance to implement these policies.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
POLICY (B): Windsor does not oppose the construction of any dry stack storage facilities
for boats associated with or independent of marinas.
Implementation: The town will revise its zoning ordinance to implement these
policies.
Schedule: The town will revise its zoning ordinance in FY1999/2000.
POLICY (C): Because of the Cashie River size and depth, floating homes within Windsor's
planning jurisdiction have not been a problem. While Windsor would oppose
the location of floating homes within its jurisdiction, a local policy is not
required.
Bulkhead Construction (issue discussed page I-60)
POLICY: Windsor will allow bulkhead construction along the Cashie River shoreline
which does not violate 15A NCAC 7H public trust waters use standards, 404
wetlands regulations, the Windsor zoning ordinance, and the Windsor
subdivision ordinance.
Implementation: The town will rely on its zoning ordinance and the Division
of Coastal Management to implement this policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Development of Sound and Estuarine Islands
There are no sound or estuarine islands in Windsor. This policy does not apply.
Sea Level Rise (issue discussed page I45)
POLICY: Because the majority of Windsor's planning jurisdiction is 10 to 20 feet above
sea level, sea level rise is not expected to be a problem for Windsor.
However, some areas of the Cashie River floodplain could be inundated.
Therefore, Windsor will support the following policies:
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-9 '

(a) The Town of Windsor will continuously monitor the effects of sea
level rise and update the land use plan policies as necessary to protect
the town's public and private properties from rising water levels.
(b) Windsor will support bulkheading to protect its shoreline areas from
intruding water resulting from rising water levels.
Implementation: Windsor will rely on the land use plan policies and 15A
NCAC 7H to implement policies (A) and (B).
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Mooring Fields (issue discussed page I-59)
Because of the Cashie River size and depth, mooring fields have not been a problem/issue within the
town's planning jurisdiction. Therefore, a local policy is not required. In addition, the town does not
intend to develop a water use plan to accommodate mooring fields.
Water Ouality Management (issue discussed page I-28)
POLICY: The Town of Windsor supports the North Carolina Division of Water Quality
Management's goals for water quality management as stated on page I-28 and
I-29 of this plan.
Implementation: The town will review all local ordinances to determine what,
if any, revisions should be made to reduce the potential for impairment of
water quality. Such revisions may include but not necessarily be limited to:
— Reduction of the construction of impervious surfaces
— Provision of vegetative buffers along estuarine shorelines
— Allowing or requiring strip paving
— Requiring retention and/or detention pond facilities
Schedule: FY1999/2001.
D. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES
Community Attitude Toward Resource Production
Windsor supports resource production and management which is consistent with the 15A NCAC 7H,
the policies contained in this plan, and local ordinances. The only AEC within Windsor's planning
jurisdiction are the public trust areas of the Cashie River. However, other sensitive areas include the
Cashie River floodplain and associated hardwood swamps.
Recreation Resources (issue discussed pages I-42 and 1I-9)
POLICY (A): The town will continue to support a comprehensive recreational program to
provide a broad range of recreational facilities for its citizens.
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Section IV: Policy Statements IV-10 ' I

POLICY (B): The town will support continued shoreline access development on the Cashie
River.
Implementation:
(A) The town will apply for state funds to assist with the preparation of
a comprehensive recreation plan.
Schedule: FY2000/2001
(B) The town will apply for available state and federal funds to support
recreation facilities and improvements.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Productive Agricultural Lands (issue discussed page I-61)
POLICY (A): Windsor supports and encourages use of the U.S. Natural Resource
Conservation Service "Best Management Practices" program to protect
productive agricultural lands.
Implementation: Windsor will rely on private property owners for
implementation of this policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
POLICY (B): The town will allow development of prime agricultural lands providing it is
in concert with the permitted land uses in the zoning ordinance.
Implementation: Town of Windsor Zoning Ordinance.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Productive Forestlands (issue discussed page I-62)
POLICY: Windsor encourages and supports the utilization of the Forest Best
Management Practices Manual, 1989, North Carolina Division of Forest
Resources, for all forestry operations.
Implementation: Windsor will rely on private property owners for
implementation of this policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-11 '

Residential. Commercial, and Industrial/Development Impacts on Resources (issue discussed pages
I-22, I-25, I-27, II-1, and II-4)
POLICY: Residential, commercial, and industrial development will be allowed which
is consistent with the town's zoning ordinance and the policies contained in
this plan. High density development will be discouraged in areas containing
hydric soils. Development will be prohibited in conservation areas including
shoreline areas which may be subject to flooding. Residential, commercial,
and industrial development within public trust areas which satisfy the 15A
NCAC 7H use standards and all local ordinances will be allowed. (Note:
Only water dependent activities are allowed in public trust areas under the use
standards of 7H).
Implementation: The Town of Windsor will rely on its zoning ordinance to
enforce this policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Off -Road Vehicles (issue discussed page I-54)
The Town of Windsor does not oppose the responsible use of off -road vehicles.
Water Resource Areas (issue discussed page I-59, I-60, I-62, I-63, and I-64)
POLICY (A): Windsor supports the use standards for public trust areas as specified in 15A ,
NCAC 7H.0207.
POLICY (B): For structures for which construction was initiated after adoption of the
Coastal Area Management Act that extend into or over public trust areas,
replacement of structures and/or change of use will be allowed so long as the
structure will not be enlarged beyond its original dimensions, is consistent
with local ordinances, and if they are found to be consistent with current CRC
rules or if allowed by the CRC.
Implementation: The Town of Windsor will rely on its zoning ordinance and
the Division of Coastal Management to implement policies (A) and (B).
Schedule: Continuing activities.
POLICY (C): The Town of Windsor reserves the right to comment on the individual
policies and requirements of the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries.
Implementation: Town of Windsor Board of Commissioners.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
POLICY (D): The Town of Windsor supports the designation of the Cashie River as public
trust areas. These areas are defined as follows: Public trust areas are all
navigable natural bodies of water and lands thereunder to the mean high water
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-12 ,
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level or mean water level as the case may be, except privately owned lakes to
which the public has no right of access; all water in artificially created bodies
of water containing significant public fishing resources or other public
resources which are accessible to the public by navigation from bodies of
water in which the public has rights of navigation; and all waters in
artificially created bodies of water in which the public has acquired rights to
prescription, custom, usage, dedication, or any other means. In determining
whether the public has acquired rights in artificially created bodies of water,
the following factors shall be considered:
1. The use of the body of water by the public;
2. The length of time the public has used the area;
3. The value of the public resources in the body of water;
4. Whether the public resources in the body of water are mobile to the
extent they can move into natural bodies of water;
5. Whether the creation of the artificial body of water required
permission from the state; and
6. The value of the body of water to the public for navigation from one
public area to another public area.
The public has rights in public trust areas including navigation and recreation.
In addition, these areas support valuable sports fisheries, have aesthetic value,
and are important resources for economic development.
Implementation: The Town of Windsor will rely on the Coastal Resources
Commission and the Division of Coastal Management to implement this
policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
POLICY (E): The town will protect the commercial and recreational fisheries areas within
the town's jurisdiction.
Implementation: The CAMA and 404 permitting systems, as well as the
town's subdivision and flood ordinances, will provide sufficient enforcement
of this policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
POLICY (F): Windsor desires to have septic tanks located so as to minimize the likelihood
of contamination of fishing waters.
Implementation: The Bettie County Health Department, responsible for the
safe placement of septic tanks, will be responsible for minimizing the
likelihood of contamination of fishing waters from the effluent of septic
systems in unsuitable soils. The town will support the Health Department and
coordinate the issuance of building permits with that department.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-13 '

Aauaculture Activities (issue discussed page I-64)
POLICY (A): Windsor encourages all aquaculture activities which meet applicable federal,
state, and local policies and permit requirements. However, Windsor reserves
the right to comment on all aquaculture activities which require Division of
Water Quality permitting.
POLICY (B): Windsor objects to any discharge of water from aquaculture activities that will
degrade in any way the receiving waters. Windsor objects to withdrawing
water from aquifers or surface sources if such withdrawal will endanger water
quality or water supply from the aquifers or surface sources.
POLICY (C): Windsor will support only aquaculture activities which do not alter
significantly and negatively the natural environment of conservation classified
areas as shown on the Land Classification Map.
Implementation: Windsor will rely on the appropriate state and federal
agencies to implement its aquaculture policies.
Schedule: Continuing activities, FY1997/07.
E. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT POLICIES
Community Attitude Toward Economic and Community Development
Windsor desires to expand its economic base, including tourism, retail and wholesale trade, real estate
and construction, and industrial development. However, Windsor does not want to jeopardize
conservation areas. Windsor will support growth and development at the densities specified in the land
classification definitions. These densities are consistent with existing Town of Windsor zoning. The
desired pattern of development is shown on the Land Classification Map.
Water Supply (issue discussed page I-35 and II-6)
POLICY: There are no significant constraints to development or land development
issues relating to the town's potable water supply. The town's water system
will provide adequate water supply throughout the planning period. The
town's policies concerning water supply shall be:
(a) The town requires that all existing (development within 200 feet of a
municipal system) and new residential and commercial development
be connected to both the town's water and sewer systems.
(b) The town will allow the installation of private wells for irrigation
only.
Implementation: The town will rely on its subdivision ordinance and sewer
use ordinance to implement policies (a) and (b).
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-14 ,

Schedule: Continuing activities.
Sewer System (issue discussed page I-37 and II-6)
There are no problems or constraints to development caused by the town's sewage treatment system.
The town will implement the following policies:
POLICY (A): The town supports development of central sewer service throughout the town
and its extraterritorial jurisdiction.
Implementation: The town will rely on its subdivision ordinance to implement
this policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
POLICY (B): The Town of Windsor objects to the point source discharge of agricultural
livestock waste into surface waters.
Implementation: The town will rely on the Division of Water Quality
Management to implement this policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Stormwater (issue discussed page I-37 and II-6)
POLICY: Windsor supports reducing the adverse impacts of stormwater runoff on the
Cashie River.
Implementation:
(a) Windsor will cooperate with the NCDOT, the NC Division of Water
Quality, and other state agencies in mitigating the impact of
stormwater runoff on the Cashie River basin. The town will support
the Division of Water Quality stormwater runoff retention permitting
process through its zoning permit system.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
(b) The town will attempt to apply for grant funds, and utilize Powell Bill
funds, to improve stormwater drainage systems associated with
existing rights -of -way.
(c) The town will apply for state funds to assist with the preparation of
a town -wide master drainage plan.
Schedule: FY2000/2001.
ISection IV: Policy Statements IV-15

Energy Facility Siting and Development (issue discussed page I-53)
There are no electric generating or other power generating plants located in or proposed for location
within Windsor's planning jurisdiction. However, Windsor will support the following energy facility
siting policies:
POLICY (A): Windsor will review proposals for development or expansion of electric
generating plants within its vicinity on a case -by -case basis, judging the need
for the facility against all identified possible adverse impacts. The town
reserves the right to comment on the impacts of any energy facility,
construction or expansion within Bertie County.
Implementation: The Town of Windsor Board of Commissioners will
implement this policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
POLICY (B): In the event that offshore oil or gas is discovered, Windsor will not oppose
drilling operations and onshore support facilities in Windsor or Bertie County
for which an Environmental Impact Statement has been prepared with a
finding of no significant impact on the environment. Windsor supports and
requests full disclosure of development plans, with mitigative measures that
will be undertaken to prevent adverse impacts on the environment, the
infrastructure, and the social systems of Windsor and Bertie County.
Windsor also requests full disclosure of any adopted plans. Offshore drilling
and development of onshore support facilities in Windsor or Bertie County
may have severe costs for the town and county as well as advantages. The
costs must be borne by the company(ies) with profit(s) from offshore drilling
and onshore support facilities.
Implementation: Windsor will rely on the appropriate state and federal
agencies to enforce this policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
POLICY (C): The possible development of peat mining operations in Hyde, Tyrrell, and
Washington counties presents the possibility of locating peat -burning facilities
near the raw material source. Because of Windsor's location to major
highways, this may be a possibility in the near future. The town believes that
the development of energy -generating facilities should be discouraged within
the one mile jurisdictional area. These types of facilities will be subject to a
special use permit granted by the Planning Board. If approved, all facilities
will be restricted to rural areas as per the land classification map. The
provision of public services to the proposed operation will be determined by
the Town Board at the time of the request.
Implementation: The town will rely on its zoning ordinance to implement this
policy.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-16 '

If
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Redevelopment of Developed Areas (issue discussed page II-9)
There are no redevelopment issues within Windsor except for redevelopment of the Central Business
District. The town's community development programs have effectively eliminated almost all of the
town's substandard housing. However, the town will support the following redevelopment policies:
POLICY (A): The town will allow the reconstruction of any structures demolished by
natural disaster when the reconstruction complies with all applicable local,
state, and federal regulations. However, reconstruction cannot be more
intense than that which previously existed. This is governed by the town's
zoning ordinance.
POLICY (B): The town will support all development within the Central Business District
which is consistent with the town's historic preservation ordinance and the
town's zoning ordinance.
POLICY (C): In the event of destruction, structures located within the Cashie River
floodway will not be allowed to be reconstructed. This policy will be
supported through revisions to the Town of Windsor zoning ordinance in
FY1999/2000.
Implementation: The town will rely on its zoning ordinance to implement
policies (A), (B), and (C).
Schedule: Continuing activity.
POLICY (D): The town will coordinate with private individuals and organizations to secure
financial support for Central Business District beautification efforts.
Implementation: The Town of Windsor Board of Commissioners will be
responsible for implementing this policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
POLICY (E): The Town of Windsor supports the elimination of all substandard housing
within its planning jurisdiction.
Implementation:
(a) The town will continue to pursue Housing Finance Agency and
community development funding to aid in the elimination of all
substandard housing within the Town of Windsor.
(b) The town will continue to vigorously enforce its minimum housing
code to eliminate substandard housing.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-17 ,

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Schedule: Continuing activity.
Shoreline Access (issue discussed page I-59, I-60, and II-5) ,
POLICY: There are not any estuarine shorelines in Windsor. However, the town will
support the development and maintenance of shoreline access facilities to
provide access to public trust areas.
Implementation: The Town of Windsor will apply for shoreline access funds ,
to develop new sites and to improve the Cashie River Wetlands Walk.
Schedule: Continuing activity. ,
Annexation (issue discussed page I-21 and II-5)
POLICY: Windsor will pursue expansion through voluntary, involuntary, and satellite
annexations.
Implementation:
(a) Windsor will budget and prepare a comprehensive annexation plan.
,
Schedule: FY1999/2000
,
(b) Windsor will extend central water and sewer service to all areas of
the ETJ.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Tunes and Locations of Desired Industry (issue discussed page I-27, II-1, and II-5)
Industrial development is extremely important to economic growth in Windsor. The town's reliance
on employment in the government service and retail trade sectors should be balanced by the
development of a stronger base of industrial/manufacturing employment. However, the town desires
to achieve responsible industrial development which will not adversely affect the natural environment
or the quality of established residential areas. The following industrial development policies will be
applied:
POLICY (A): Industrial sites should be accessible to municipal/central water and sewer ,
services.
POLICY (B): Industries which are noxious by reason of the emission of smoke, dust, glare, '
noise, and vibrations, and those which deal primarily in hazardous products
such as explosives, should not be located in Windsor or its extraterritorial
jurisdiction.
POLICY (C): Industrial development and/or industrial zoning should not infringe on
established residential development. '
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-18 ' ,

POLICY (D): Industrial development should include, but not be limited to, high skilled
industries such as electronics, automobile, or plastics firms which take
advantage of the abundant labor supply to try to diversify the industrial
economy.
POLICY (E): Industries should be low pollution, light manufacturing types which are
compatible with resource protection, production, and management goals and
policies, and discourage environmentally degrading industry.
POLICY (F): Industrial development which is resource dependent, such as forest products
and furniture manufacturers that utilize the natural resources in the planning
area, will be encouraged.
POLICY (G): Windsor will encourage agricultural products processing plants which take
advantage of the local farming economy.
POLICY (II): Industrial sites will be confined to the industrial park and other areas zoned
for manufacturing in the planning area.
Implementation: Windsor will rely on its zoning ordinance and utility
extension policies to implement policies (A) through (H).
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Commitment to State and Federal Programs (issue discussed page II-6)
POLICY (A): Windsor is receptive to state and federal programs, particularly those which
provide improvements to the town. The town will continue to fully support
such programs, especially the following: the North Carolina Department of
Transportation road and bridge improvement programs, the CAMA planning
process and permitting programs, the Community Development Block Grant
program, NC Housing Finance Agency, the Corps of Engineers regulatory
and permitting efforts which deal with 404 wetlands, flood control and
channel maintenance, housing for the elderly, and programs to fund low -to -
moderate income housing.
Implementation: The Town of Windsor Board of Commissioners will be
responsible for applying for funds.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
POLICY (B): The erosion control programs carried out by the Farm Service Agency (FSA)
Agricultural Stabilization Conservation Service and the Natural Resources
Conservation Service are especially important to the farming community in
the planning area. The town supports the efforts of these agencies, including
the implementation of Best Management Practices, to mitigate soil loss
through erosion.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-19 ,

Implementation: Private and public land owners, the U.S. Natural Resources
Conservation Service and the NC Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation
Service.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
POLICY (C): The National Guard has a training center located near the industrial park.
Windsor is pleased to host this facility in their planning area. The expansion
of the existing N.C. Army National Guard facilities will be supported by the
town, but the construction of additional military facilities, like an Army or
Air Force base, will be discouraged in developed or transition areas.
Windsor does not want to house any large military facilities because of the
restrictions it would impose on the community.
Implementation: U.S. Department of Defense, N.C. Army National Guard,
and the Windsor Board of Commissioners.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Assistance to Channel Maintenance (issue discussed page I-60)
POLICY: Proper channel maintenance is not a pressing issue in Windsor. There is little
commercial boating traffic on the Cashie River, and the town cannot justify
expenditures of money to keep the waterways clear. Smaller, shallow water
recreational vessels most frequently use the river. The Town of Windsor
supports clearing and snagging of the Cashie River upstream from Windsor.
Windsor will not financially support channel maintenance projects. Windsor
believes that this should be the responsibility of the state and federal
governments. The town will assist, however, in locating borrow and spoil
sites within the planning area.
Implementation: Town of Windsor Board of Commissioners and appropriate
state and federal agencies.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Tourism and Water Access (issue discussed page I-42 and II-9)
POLICY: Windsor supports the continued development of tourism and water access.
Implementation: The Town of Windsor Board of Commissioners will
undertake the following activities:
(a) Windsor will support North Carolina Department of Transportation
projects to improve access to the town.
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Section IV: Policy Statements IV-20 ' '

(b) Windsor will continue to support the activities of the North Carolina
Division of Travel and Tourism; specifically, the monitoring of
tourism -related industry, efforts to promote tourism -related
commercial activity, efforts to enhance and provide shoreline
resources, and efforts to protect Windsor's historically significant
properties.
(c) Windsor will support projects that will increase public access to
shoreline areas.
(d) The town will continue to encourage acquisition of undevelopable
waterfront properties for public access sites.
(e) The town will continue to support its public access site donation
program.
(f) The town will continue to support historic preservation, downtown
revitalization efforts and other methods to promote tourism.
(g) The town supports establishment of a state -certified canoe trail on the
Cashie River.
Schedule: Continuing activities.
Transportation (issue discussed page 11-8)
POLICY (A): The Town of Windsor supports the following North Carolina Department of
Transportation highway improvements:
Route/City ID No. Location and Description
NC 11
R-2900 NC 903 to US 13 Bypass north of Ahoskie.
Widen roadway to four lane divided facility.
US 13
R-2205* NC 42 to the Winton Bypass. Multi -lane
facility with a bypass of Ahoskie on new
location.
US 13
R-2506 US 13 Business north of Windsor to NC 42.
Widen roadway to a multi -lane facility.
(Includes missing link of Windsor bypass)
US 17
R-2404* South of Windsor to west of Chowan river.
Widen roadway to multi -lanes with a bypass
of Windsor on new location.
Length Schedule
29.0 Identified future need
11.2 Construction
Initiated IFFY 2002
17.2 Identified future need
15.8 Construction through
FFY 2004
US 17 R-2512* West of Chowan River to US 17 business 7.6 Construction through
east of Edenton. Widen roadway to multi- IFFY 1999
lane facility with interchanges at SR 1234
and SR 1319.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-21 ,

Route/City ID No.
Location and Description
Length Schedule
(MI)
NC 308 R-2605
NC 11-42 in Lewiston -Woodville to US 13
14.9 Identified future need
in Windsor. Upgrade existing two lane
-construction by
roadway and resurface.
division
SR 1108 B-3811
Indian Creek. Replace bridge NO. 85
Construction
Initiated FFY 2004
SR 1123 B-3612
Branch Indian Creek. Replace bridge NO.
Construction
143
initiated FFY 2003
SR 1128 B-3408
Branch Roanoke River. Replace bridge
Construction
NO.147
Initiated FFY 2002
Windsor W-3430
SR 1100, 0.4 mile to 0.2 mile west of US
0.2 Under Construction
13 bypass, west of Windsor. Revise
roadway to improve horizontal alignment.
POLICY (B):
The Town of Windsor supports location of
the U.S. 17 Bypass on the north
side of Windsor.
POLICY (C):
The Town of Windsor supports widening of N.C. 308 from the hospital to the
town limits.
Implementation: North Carolina Department of Transportation.
Schedule: FY1998-FY2002.
POLICY (D): Windsor will support the following local projects/activities to improve
transportation:
(a) Projects designed to lessen congestion within the Windsor Central
Business District.
(b) Development of a master drainage plan to aid in the reduction/
elimination of flooding on Windsor's streets.
(c) Windsor will periodically review local ordinances relating to speed
limits and traffic flow with the goal of reducing congestion and risk
in unsafe areas, especially the Central Business District.
(d) Windsor will continue efforts to secure all available state, federal, and
local funding to eliminate the remaining 5.02 miles of unpaved
streets.
Implementation: Town of Windsor Board of Commissioners.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-22 '

F. CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
As the initial step in the preparation of this document, the Town of Windsor prepared and adopted a
"Public Participation Plan." The plan outlined the methodology for citizen involvement (see Appendix
III). Public involvement was to be generated through public information meetings, advertising in local
newspapers, and advertised meetings by the Board of Commissioners and Planning Board to work on
development of the plan.
A public information meeting, was conducted at the outset of the project on September 11, 1997, at
9:00 a.m., in the Windsor Municipal Building. Subsequently, meetings of the Planning Board were
held on October 21, 1997; January 12, 1998; March 30, 1998; April 20, 1998; and May 6, 1998.
All meetings were advertised in the Bertie Ledger -Advance and were open to the public. The Board
of Commissioners conducted a public information meeting for review of and comment on the plan on
August 13, 1998, at 9:00 a.m., at the Windsor Municipal Building. This meeting was advertised in
the Bertie Ledger -Advance.
The preliminary plan was submitted to the Coastal Resources Commission for comment on August 20,
1998. Following receipt of CRC comments, the plan was amended, and a formal public hearing on
the final document was conducted on June 10, 1999. The public hearing was advertised in the Bertie
Ledger -Advance on May 6, 1999. The plan was approved by the Windsor Board of Commissioners
on June 10, 1999, and submitted to the Coastal Resources Commission for certification. The plan was
certified on July 23, 1999.
Continuing citizen input will be solicited, primarily through the Planning Board, with advertised and
adequately publicized public meetings held to discuss special land use issues and to keep citizens
informed.
G. STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST -DISASTER RECOVERY,
AND EVACUATION PLANS
The purpose of this section of the 1998 CAMA Land Use Plan is to assist the Town of Windsor in
managing development in potentially hazardous areas through establishing storm hazard mitigation
policies and to reduce the risks associated with severe storms and hurricanes by developing post -
disaster reconstruction/recovery policies.
The following pages will present the storm hazard mitigation and post -disaster recovery policies, along
t with appropriate discussions and maps. This plan was updated following the 1996 hurricanes. The
plan has been well received and the town desires to continue to utilize the same plan.
Map 3, page I-46, is included to indicate the potential impact of flooding on existing land uses. As
stated in the flood hazard areas section of this plan, there is no existing development located in flood
hazard areas. The flood zone areas remain undeveloped and are AEC areas.
Hazard mitigation, or actions taken to reduce the probability or impact of a disaster could involve a
number of activities or policy decisions. The starting point, however, is to identify the types of
hazards (including the relative severity and magnitude of risks), and the extent of development
' (including residential, commercial, etc.) located in storm hazard areas.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-23 '

Hurricanes are extremely powerful, often unpredictable forces of nature. The four causes of fatalities
and property damage are high winds, flooding, wave action, and erosion. Two of these, high winds
and flooding, may apply to Windsor.
High Winds
High winds are the major determinants of a hurricane, by definition, i.e., a tropical disturbance with
sustained winds of at least 73 miles per hour. Extreme hurricanes can have winds of up to 165 miles
per hour, with gusts up to 200 miles per hour.
These winds circulate around the center or "eye" of the storm. Although the friction or impact of the
winds hitting land from the water causes some dissipation of the full force, there is still a tremendous
amount of energy left to cause damage to buildings, overturn mobile homes, down trees and power
lines, and destroy crops. Also, tornadoes are often spawned by hurricane wind patterns. Wind stress,
therefore, is an important consideration in storm hazard mitigation planning.
Flooding
The excessive amounts of rainfall and the "storm surge" which often accompany hurricanes can cause
massive coastal and riverine flooding causing excessive property damage and deaths by drowning.
(More deaths are caused by drowning than any other cause in hurricanes.) Flooding can cause
extensive damage in inland areas, since many coastal areas have low elevations and are located in high
hazard or "Zone A" flood areas according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency maps.
Based on flood insurance maps prepared for Windsor, approximately 25% of the town's planning
jurisdiction is classified as being in the floodplain of the Cashie River and its tributaries (see Map 3,
page I-46). Consideration of potential flood damage is important to Windsor's efforts to develop storm
mitigation policies.
The Town of Windsor is not subject to substantial hurricane flooding and major water -related damage
which normally accompany major storms. During hurricanes, Windsor serves as a refuge area for
many coastal community residents. Therefore, a complete storm hazard mitigation and post -disaster
reconstruction plan/policy as required by 15A NCAC 7B is not applicable to the Town of Windsor.
Map 8 provides a delineation of the areas within Windsor and its extraterritorial jurisdiction which
would be inundated as a result of hurricanes of various intensity. This map is based on the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers S.L.O.S.H. model, 1985. While U.S. 13 east of Windsor would be
flooded, only 78 residential structures, three municipally -owned buildings and four commercial
structures would be flooded. Thus, of a total of approximately 1,400 structures located within
Windsor and its extraterritorial jurisdiction, only 90 or 6.4 percent, may be subject to flooding. Most
of these, approximately 60 residential structures, would be subjected to only yard flooding without
water intrusion into the structures. The town staff has estimated the average value of these structures
to be $50,000 to $60,000 each. Almost all of the structures subject to potential flooding are located
north and south of U.S. 13 east of Windsor.
Hurricane force winds could cause damage in Windsor. High winds are the greatest risk factor
associated with hurricanes. Hurricanes are, in fact, defined in severity by their wind speeds. All parts
of the planning area would be subject to the winds brought on by a hurricane making landfall nearby,
but the intensity of the winds will be mitigated by Windsor's inland location. Communities located
closer to the coast would be more greatly impacted by hurricane winds than Windsor. Hurricane
winds will probably be somewhat diminished by the time they reach Windsor.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-24 '

Because of the diminished impact of winds in the planning area, there is a limited need to impose
building restrictions concerning wind stress. Open field ditches or other sites that experience
significant backwash would be impacted by the flooding resulting from high winds, but other areas
would not be significantly affected.
Bertie County maintains an up-to-date evacuation plan which identifies hurricane evacuation routes and
shelters, evacuation instructions, and anticipated evacuation times for different severities of storms.
The plan was prepared in cooperation with the Berrie County Civil Preparedness Agency and the
Division of Civil Preparedness. The plan has been approved by Bertie County.
The Windsor Board of Commissioners and town staff will continue to implement and support the
following storm hazard mitigation, post -disaster recovery and evacuation policies:
(a)
(b)
II
The Town of Windsor supports the efforts of the Bertie County Emergency Management
Coordinator to facilitate and encourage the safe evacuation of vulnerable areas of the county
during storm events.
Windsor will continue to support the enforcement of the North Carolina Building Code,
particularly the provisions which require flood proofing measures.
(c) Windsor will continue to actively participate in various scheduled activities of coordination
between towns in the county for storm preparedness, evacuation, and post -disaster recovery.
(d) The town will prohibit the reconstruction of any destroyed structures which are located within
'
the Cashie River floodway.
' (e) Because of the lack of land and the limited risk associated with hurricane flooding, the town
will support reconstruction of public facilities at same location. All structures located within
the Cashie River floodplain (not floodway) will be rebuilt according to the guidelines of the
floodplain ordinance in order to mitigate future risk from hurricanes.
(f) Windsor will discourage property owners from rebuilding destroyed structures without taking
mitigative precautions during the construction phase. The town will also work with the
Federal Flood Insurance Rate Program in working to include all areas flooded by storm into
the FFIRP maps. If areas are included in FFIRP maps, the regulations set forth in the
floodway and floodplain ordinances will establish reconstruction standards.
I
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Section IV: Policy Statements IV-25 ,

MAP 8
INUNDATION LEVELS FOR HURRICANES OF SPECIFIED INTENSITY
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W t I SO, 1 0 t 7%
1101
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1100 I
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1148
1102
13 C1 The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management Program,
through funds provided by the Coastal Zone
V+ Management Act of 1972, as amended, which
"- is administered by the Office of Ocean and
Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration.
7$30
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No

I
I
I
SECTION V. RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES
AND LAND CLASSIFICATIONS
The 15A NCAC 7B planning guidelines require that this land use plan relate the policies section to
the land classification map and provide an indication as to which land uses are appropriate in each land
classification. The Windsor zoning ordinance is consistent with the land classification map and
supports the distribution of land uses shown on that map.
A. DEVELOPED CLASS
The Developed land classification includes the following categories: Developed Residential,
Developed Commercial, and Developed Industrial. Those categories include the residential,
commercial/office-institutional and industrial zoning districts which are defined by the Town of
Windsor zoning ordinance.
' Few changes in the locations of the land classification categories as shown on the Land Classification
Map are anticipated during the planning period. Windsor's residential development should continue
to be primarily low to moderate density development. Commercial development will be concentrated
in the central business district and along U.S. 13 Bypass. Industrial development will be concentrated
in the Windsor industrial park.
' B. DEVELOPED TRANSITION CLASS
The developed transition class will provide lands to accommodate future urban growth within the
' planning period. All uses which are permitted within the developed land classification will also be
allowed within the developed transition classification. However, it is anticipated that most
development within this classification will be low density residential development. Complete urban
services, including central water and sewer service, may be extended into the developed transition
areas within the planning period.
C. RURAL WITH SERVICES
The rural with services classification is intended to provide for low density land uses including
' residential use where limited water services are provided in order to avert an existing or projected
health problem. Areas meeting the intent of this class are appropriate for low intensity residential uses
where lot sizes are large and where the provision of services will not disrupt the primary rural
' character of the landscape. Both water and sewer utilities may be provided by the Town of Windsor.
Most of Windsor's extraterritorial jurisdiction is classified rural with services. The rural with services
category includes areas which are zoned RA-20, single-family residential district.
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' Section V: Relationship of Policies and Land Classifications V-1

D. CONSERVATION CLASS
1
The conservation class is intended to provide for the effective long-term management of the town's '
sensitive or irreplaceable fragile and environmentally sensitive areas. The town's only area of
environmental concern as defined by 15A NCAC 7H is the Cashie River public trust area. Other
fragile areas which are classified conservation include the Cashie River floodway/hardwood swamps
and 404 wetlands. Only the following development should be allowed in the Cashie River floodway:
marinas as defined by 15A NCAC 7H which satisfy the Windsor zoning ordinance and all applicable
state and federal regulations; structures which existed on January 1, 1992; and uses as allowed in
public trust areas as defined by 15A NCAC 7H. Only development which is permitted by the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers and allowed by the town's zoning ordinance will be allowed in the 404
wetlands areas. The conservation classification will deter development from occurring in '
approximately 20 % of the town's total planning jurisdiction.
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Section V: Relationship of Policies and Land Classifications V-2 ' '

II
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APPENDIX I
1992 POLICY ASSESSMENT
'
RESOURCE PROTECTION POLICY STATEMENTS
Physical Limitations:
— The Town of Windsor will enforce, through the zoning permit process, all current regulations
of the N. C. State Building Code and Bertie County Health Department relating to building
'
construction and septic tank installation/replacement in areas with soils restrictions.
— The town will cooperate with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in the
regulation/enforcement of the 404 wetlands permit process. However, additional wetlands
'
regulations will not be imposed by the town.
— The town will coordinate all development activity with appropriate county and state
personnel.
— The town will support the development of a central sewer system -to serve all developed areas
of Windsor's extraterritorial jurisdiction.
planning
Flood Hazard Areas:
- Windsor will continue to coordinate all development within the 100-year floodplain with the
town's Building Inspections Department, North Carolina Division of Coastal Management,
FEMA, and the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers.
— The town will continue to participate in the Federal Flood Insurance Program and promote
'
enforcement through the Floodway Ordinance and the floodplain regulation.
Groundwater/Protection of Potable Water Supplies:
— It shall be the policy of the Town of Windsor to conserve its surficial groundwater resources
by supporting enforcement of N. C. Division of Environmental Management stormwater
runoff regulations, and by coordinating local development activities involving chemical
'
storage or underground storage tank installation/abandonment with Bertie County Emergency
Management personnel and the Groundwater Section of the North Carolina Division of
Environmental Management.
— Industrial development shall be discouraged from locating in areas particularly susceptible to
groundwater contamination (hydric soils areas).
-- The town will develop a long-range plan to extend sewer lines to all development within the
town's extraterritorial jurisdiction.

Man-made Hazards:
Windsor will support the technical requirements and state program approval for underground
storage tanks (40 CFR, Parts 280 and 281), and enforcement by the Division of
Environmental Management of regulatory controls governing underground storage tanks.
Stormwater Runoff:
— The town will support state regulations relating to stormwater runoff resulting from
development (Stormwater Disposal Policy 15 NCAC 2H.00 1-. 1003).
— Windsor will seek funding through the coastal management program to conduct a
comprehensive town -wide drainage study.
— Along the Cashie River shoreline, developments will be prohibited in all areas which are
classified as 404 wetlands.
Cultural/Historic Resources:
Windsor shall coordinate all housing code enforcement/redevelopment projects and public
works projects with the N. C. Division of Archives and History.
— The Town of Windsor will continue to support and protect the Windsor Historic District.
— Windsor will revise its zoning ordinance to allow residential usage in the second story or
higher levels of all buildings within the Central Business District.
Industrial Impacts on Fragile Areas:
No industrial development will be allowed in areas classified as conservation areas. In all
other areas, industrial uses will be allowed in the manufacturing land classification which are
consistent with the town's zoning ordinance.
-- All industries allowed by the Windsor zoning ordinance should be targeted to the industrial
park.
Miscellaneous Resource Protection:
The Town of Windsor will support the construction of package treatment plants which are
approved and permitted by the state Division of Environmental Management where central
sewer service cannot be provided.
Marina and Floating Home Development:
- Marinas which satisfy the 15A NCAC 7H use standards for public trust waters, comply with ■
the town's zoning ordinance and 404 wetland regulations, and do not exceed 12 slips shall
be allowed. ,
It
11

Dry storage facilities, both associated with and independent of marinas, will be allowed
which satisfy the Town of Windsor zoning ordinance and which do not violate 404 wetland
regulations.
Bulkhead Construction:
Windsor will allow bulkhead construction along the Cashie River shoreline which does not
violate 15A NCAC 7H public waters use standards, 404 wetlands regulations the Windsor
zone ordinance, and Windsor subdivision ordinance.
The Town of Windsor will continuously monitor the effects of sea level rise and update the
land use plan policies as necessary to protect the town's public and private properties from
rising water levels.
RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES
Productive Agricultural Lands:
Windsor supports and encourages use of the U. S. Soil Conservation Service "Best
Management Practices" program to protect productive agricultural lands.
— The town will allow development of prime agricultural lands providing it is in concert with
the permitted land uses in the zoning ordinance.
Productive Forest Lands:
— Windsor encourages and supports the utilization of the Forest Best Management Practices
Manual, 1989, North Carolina Division of Forest Resources, for all forestry operations.
Residential. Commercial and Industrial Development Impacts on Resources:
— Residential, commercial and industrial development will be allowed which is consistent with
the town's zoning ordinance and the policies contained in this plan.
Residential, commercial and industrial development within public trust waters which satisfy
the 15A NCAC 7H use standards and all local ordinances will be allowed.
Off -Road Vehicles:
The Town of Windsor does not oppose the responsible use of off -road vehicles.
Water Resource Areas:
Windsor supports the use standards for public trust waters as specified in 15A NCAC
7H.0207.
For structures that extend into or over public trust waters, replacement of structures and/or
change of use will be allowed so long as the structure will not be enlarged beyond its
original dimensions, and if they are found to be consistent with current CRC rules or if
allowed by the CRC.

The Town of Windsor reserves the right to comment on the individual policies and '
requirements of the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries.
The Bertie County Health Department, responsible for the safe placement of septic tanks, will
be responsible for minimizing the likelihood of contamination of fishing waters from the
effluent of septic systems in unsuitable soils. The town will support the Health Department
and coordinate the issuance of building permits with that department. (1986)
The Town of Windsor objects to the point source discharge of agricultural livestock waste
into surface waters.
Economic and Community Development
Water Suvyly:
The town requires that all existing and new residential and commercial development be
connected to both the town's water and sewer systems.
— The town will allow the installation of private wells for irrigation only.
Sewer System:
— The Town of Windsor supports the development of central sewer service throughout its
extraterritorial planning jurisdiction.
— The Town of Windsor will support improvement of its sewage treatment plant to find an
alternative to discharge into Broad Branch Creek.
Stormwater:
— Windsor will cooperate with the NCDOT, the N.C. Division of Environmental Management,
and other state agencies in mitigating the impact of stormwater runoff.
— The town will attempt to apply for grant funds, and utilize Powell Bill funds, to improve
stormwater drainage systems associated with existing rights -of -way.
The town will prepare and adopt a town -wide master drainage plan.
Energy Facility Siting and Development:
— Windsor will review proposals for development or expansion of electric generating plants
,
within its vicinity on a case -by -case basis.
— Windsor will not oppose drilling operations and onshore support facilities in Windsor or
,
Bettie County for which an Environmental Impact Statement has been prepared with a finding
of no significant impact on the environment. Windsor supports and requests full disclosure
of development plans, with mitigative measures that will be undertaken to prevent adverse
,
unpacts.
4
11

The town believes that the development of energy -generating facilities should be discouraged
within the one mile jurisdictional area. These types of facilities will be subject to a special
use permit granted by the Planning Board. If approved, all facilities will be restricted to
rural areas as per the land classification map.
Redevelopment of Developed Areas:
The town will allow the reconstruction of any structures demolished by natural disaster when
the reconstruction complies with all applicable local, state, and federal regulations. However,
reconstruction cannot be more intense than that which previously existed.
-- The town will continue to pursue community development funding to aid in the elimination
of all substandard housing within the Town of Windsor.
The town will continue to vigorously enforce its minimum housing code to eliminate
substandard housing.
In the event of destruction, structures located within the Cashie River floodway will not be
allowed to be reconstructed.
Annexation:
— Windsor will pursue expansion through voluntary, involuntary, and satellite annexations. The
town will adopt a comprehensive annexation plan.
' The following industrial development policies will be applied:
' — Industrial sites should be accessible to municipal/central water and sewer services.
— Industries which are noxious by reason of the emission of smoke, dust, glare, noise and
vibrations and those which deal primarily in hazardous products such as explosives, should
not be located in Windsor or its extraterritorial jurisdiction.
' — Industrial development and/or industrial zoning should not infringe on established residential
development.
' — Industries should be low pollution, light manufacturing types which are compatible with
resource protection, production and management goals and policies, and discourage
environmentally degrading industry.
' — Industrial sites will be confined to the industrial park and other areas zoned for manufacturing
in the planning area.
' Commitment to State and Federal Programs:
— The town will continue to fully support the North Carolina Department of Transportation
' road and bridge improvement programs, the CAMA planning process and permitting
programs, the Community Development Block Grant program, and the Corps of Engineers
regulatory and permitting efforts which deal with 404 wetlands, flood control and channel
maintenance.

— The expansion of the existing Natural Guard facilities will be supported by the town, but the '
construction of additional military facilities, like an Army or Air Force base, will be
discouraged in developed or transition areas. '
Assistance to Channel Maintenance:
Proper channel maintenance is not a pressing issue in Windsor. Since there is little need for
channel maintenance, the town does not feel a commitment to provide assistance for such
projects. '
Tourism and Water Access:
— Generally, the town is supportive of tourism and the provision of public water access sites. ,
Transportation:
The Town of Windsor supports the following North Carolina Department of Transportation '
highway improvements:
The widening of U.S. 13 from the Windsor Bypass to north of Powellsville and the
construction of a four -lane divided freeway for U.S. 17 on a new location extending
from .6 miles south of the Martin County line to U.S. 17 south of Chocowinity at
N.C. 102.
Windsor will periodically review local ordinances relating to speed limits and traffic
flow.
— Windsor will continue efforts to secure all available state, federal and local funding
to eliminate remaining unpaved streets.
CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
The town supports continuing public participation in the land use planning process.
STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST -DISASTER RECOVERY AND EVACUATION PLAN
The Town of Windsor supports the efforts of the Bertie County Emergency Management
Coordinator and the North Carolina Building Code.
— Windsor will continue coordination between towns in the county for storm preparedness,
evacuation, and post -disaster recovery.
The town will prohibit the reconstruction of any destroyed structures which are located within
the Cashie River floodway.

APPENDIX H
TOWN OF WINDSOR
POLICIES CONSIDERED BUT NOT ADOPTED
C. RESOURCE PROTECTION POLICIES
Physical Limitations
Soils
— The Town of Windsor objects to any net loss of 404 wetlands.
Flood Hazard Areas
— The Town of Windsor will preserve/protect its flood hazard areas.
— Windsor desires to minimize the hazards to life, health, public safety, and development within
flood hazard areas.
Industrial Impacts on Fragile Areas
The Town of Windsor does not want industrial development to result in any net loss of
wetlands.
Marina and Floating Home Development
Windsor opposes the development of any commercial marinas (open water or upland) on any
lakes within Windsor. Commercial marinas are defined as any dock containing more than ten
slips.
— Windsor does not oppose the development of any commercial marinas (open water or upland)
on any lakes within Windsor. Commercial marinas are defined as any dock containing more
than ten slips.
— Windsor opposes the construction of any dry stack storage facilities for boats associated with
or independent of marinas.
II: Policies Considered But Not Adopted 1

APPENDIX III
TOWN OF WINDSOR
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN
PREPARATION OF LAND USE PLAN
FISCAL YEAR 1997-98
The Town of Windsor has received a FY97-98 Coastal Area Management Act grant for the
update of its existing Land Use Plan. Adequate citizen participation in the development of the
Plan is essential to the preparation of a document responsive to the needs of the citizens of
Windsor. To ensure such input, the following citizen participation program will be utilized by the
town.
The Board of Commissioners will work with the town's planning consultant to ensure that the final
product will survey existing land use, identify policies, recommend strategies/actions, and identify
Areas of Environmental Concern. The plan will focus on issues expected to occur during the
planning period, including infrastructure needs, housing needs, transportation planning, and
environmental. A completely new land classification map will be provided. Specifically, the
planning consultant and the Board of Commissioners will be responsible for ensuring
accomplishment of the following:
— Establishment of policies to deal with existing and anticipated land use issues.
— Preparation of a land classification map.
— Preparation of hurricane mitigation and post -disaster recovery plans and policies.
— Assessment of opportunities for participation in state and federal programs.
— An updated Land Use Plan based on an effective citizen participation process.
The following schedule will be utilized:
1. September, 1997 — The Board of Commissioners will conduct a public information
meeting and adopt the Citizen Participation Plan. The meeting will be advertised in a
local newspaper. The town will specifically discuss the policy statements contained in the
1990 Town of Windsor Land Use Plan. The significance of the policy statements to the
' CAMA land use planning process shall be described. The process by which the Town
of Windsor will solicit the views of a wide cross-section of citizens in the development of
the updated policy statements will be explained.
2. October, 1997 — Initial meeting with the Planning Board to review the process for the
Land Use Plan Update and distribute sections of the plan that have been drafted.
3. October, 1997 — complete identification of existing land use problems, develop socio-
economic base data, and review community facilities needs.
' 4. November, 1997 / May, 1998 — Continue preparation of a draft Land Use Plan and
conduct meetings with the Windsor Planning Board.
5. June, 1998 — Present complete draft sections of the plan and preliminary policy
statements to the Windsor Board of Commissioners.

6. July, 1998 — Review draft Land Use Plan with Board of Commissioners, conduct a public ,
information meeting for review of the proposed plan, and submit draft of completed Land
Use Plan to the Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources staff for '
review and comment.
7. Following receipt of Coastal Resources Commission comments (estimate October or
November, 1998) — Present proposed Land Use Plan to Board of Commissioners for '
adoption, and conduct a formal public hearing.
All meetings of the Town of Windsor Planning Board and Board of Commissioners at which the '
update of the Land Use Plan will be discussed will be advertised in a local newspaper in a non-
legal ad section. In addition, public service announcements will be mailed to local radio stations
and posted in the Municipal Building. All meetings will be open to the public. The town will ,
encourage .and consider all economic, social, ethnic, and cultural viewpoints. No major
non-English speaking groups are known to exist in Windsor.
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8/21 /97