1992 Land Use Plan-1992

TOWN OF WINDSOR, NORTH CAROLINA
1992 LAND USE PLAN
PREPARED FOR
THE TOWN OF WINDSOR, NORTH CAROLINA
BY
HOLLAND CONSULTING PLANNERS, INC
NOVEMBER, 1992
Adopted by the Windsor Board of Commissioners: November 12, 1992
Certified by the Coastal Resources Commission: November 20, 1992
The preparation of this document was financed in part through a
grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program,
through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and
Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration.

TOWN OF WINDSOR, NORTH CAROLINA
1992 LAND USE PLAN
PREPARED FOR
THE TOWN OF WINDSOR, NORTH CAROLINA
BY
HOLLAND CONSULTING PLANNERS, INC.
NOVEMBER, 1992
Adopted by the Windsor Board of Commissioners: November 12, 1992
Certified by the Coastal Resources Commission: November 20, 1992
The preparation of this document was financed in part through a
grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program,
through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and
Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration.

WINDSOR, NORTH CAROLINA
1992 LAND USE PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION I: ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
Page
A. ESTABLISHMENT OF INFORMATION BASE
B. POPULATION AND HOUSING I-3
1. Population I-3
a) Permanent Population Growth, 1980-1990 I-3
b) Composition and Age I-3
2. Housing I-5
3. Summary I-6
C. ECONOMY I-7
D. EXISTING LAND USE I-12
1.
Introduction
I=12
2.
Urban and Developed Land
I-14
a) Residential
I-14
b) Commercial
I-16
c) Public/Semi-Public
I-18
d) Utilities, Communications
I-20
e) Industrial
1-20
f) Forestland
I-21
g) Agricultural Lands
I-21
3.
Summary
I-22
4.
Development Potential
I-23
5.
Existing Ordinances and Land Use Controls
1-24
6.
Effectiveness of the Town of Windsor Land Use
Plan Update, 1986
I-28
E. DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS: PUBLIC FACILITIES
I-30
1.
Water Supply
I-30
2.
Sewage Disposal
1-30
3.
Drainage
I-30
4.
Solid Waste Disposal
I-31
5.
Schools
I-31
6.
Transportation
I-32
7.
Police
I-34
8.
Fire
I-34
9.
Emergency Services
1-34
10.
Health Care
I-34
11.
Recreation
I-35
12:
Electrical Distribution
I-35
13.
Administration
I-35

Page
F. DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS: LAND SUITABILITY I-37
1.
Topography/Geology
I-37
2.
Flood Hazard Areas
I-37
3.
Soils
I-39
4.
Manmade Hazards/Restrictions
I-42
5.
Fragile Areas
I-42
a) 404 Wetlands
I-42
b) Slopes in Excess of 12%
I-46
c) Excessive Erosion Areas
I-46
d) Historic and Archaeological Sites
I-46
e) Public Trust Areas
I-49
f) Cashie River Floodway and Hardwood Swamp
I-51
6.
Areas of Resource Potential
I-51
a) Prime Farmlands
I-51
b) Forestlands
I-53
c) Public Parks
I-53
d) Marine Resources
I-53
e) Peat/Phosphate Mining
I-53
SECTION II: PROJECTED LAND DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
A. PROJECTED DEMAND FOR DEVELOPMENT
1. Demographic Trends II-1
2. Commercial and Industrial Land Use II-2
3. Housing Trends ii-3
4. Public Land Use II-3
5. Areas Likely to Experience Major Land Use Changes II-3
6. Summary II-4
B. PROJECTED PUBLIC FACILITIES NEEDS/AVAILABILITY II-5
C. REDEVELOPMENT ISSUES II-5
D. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION II-6
SECTION III: WINDSOR LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
SECTION IV: WINDSOR POLICY STATEMENTS
A. RESOURCE PROTECTION POLICY STATEMENTS IV-1
B. RESOURCE PRODUCTION & MANAGEMENT POLICIES IV-7
C. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT POLICY STATEMENTS IV-9
D. CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IV-15
E. STORM HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN IV-16
SECTION V: RELATIONSHIP OF WINDSOR POLICIES AND
LAND CLASSIFICATIONS

LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1: Population Trends, Town of Windsor, Bertie
County - 1980 and 1990 I-3
Table 2: Population Characteristics by Age Groups,
Town of Windsor, 1980-1990 1-3
Bertie County, 1980-1990 I-4
Table 3: Percentage Change in Population by Sex
Town of Windsor, Bertie County - 1980-1990 I-4
Table 4: Racial Composition, Town of Windsor,
Bertie County - 1990 I-5
Table 5: Town of Windsor, Housing Conditions - 1990 I-5
Table 6: Town of Windsor Housing Summary,
Tenure and Vacancy - 1980-1990 I-6
Table 7: Town of Windsor, Mean Household income, 1989 1-7
Table 8: Town of Windsor, Bertie County,
Labor Force Status - 1990 I-7
Table 9: Employed Persons 16 Years and Older by Industry
Town of Windsor - 1990 I-9
Table 10: Employed Persons 16 Years and Older by
Class of
Worker,
Town of
Windsor, Bertie County - 1990
I-10
Table 11:
Town of
Windsor,
Poverty Status - 1990
I-10
Table 12:
Town of
Windsor
Corporate Area, Land Ue
I-12
Acreages
by Zoning Districts
Table 13:
Town of
Windsor,
1992 Housing Conditions
I-14
Table 14:
Town of
Windsor,
Building Permits Issued
I-16
1986 - 1991
Table 15: Public School Facilities Serving Town of Windsor I-31
Table 16: Soil Features, Town of Windsor I-43
Table 17: Hydric Soils, Town of Windsor I-47
Table 18: Town of Windsor, Bertie County, and North
Carolina Population Projections II-1
Table 19: Town of Windsor and Bertie County, Population
of Age Groups - 2010 II-1

LIST OF MAPS
Map 1: Existing Land Use
Map 2: Structural Conditions
Map 3: Windsor Historic District
Map 4: Flood Hazard
Map 5: Soils
Map 6: Fragile Areas
Map 7: Land Classification
Map 8: Inundation Levels for Hurricanes

II
SECTION I: ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
' A. ESTABLISHMENT OF INFORMATION BASE
This 1991 Land Use Plan Update for the Town of Windsor is prepared
in accordance with requirements of the North Carolina Coastal Area
Management Act (CAMA). Specifically, this document complies with
' Subchapter 7B, "Land Use Planning Guidelines," of the North
Carolina Administrative Code, as amended, November 1, 1989.
' The land use plan serves to guide the development of a community by
addressing issues and adopting policies that pertain to that
particular community. Specifically, the land use plan provides the
following:
1) an analysis of existing conditions;
2) a projected land development analysis;
' 3) a summary of public interests and participation;
4) a land classification system;
5) a detailed section on policy statements; and
6) an explanation of the relationship of the policies to the
' land classifications.
The Windsor land use plan update contains a summary of data
collection and analysis, an existing land use map, a policy
discussion, and a land classification map. It should be noted that
the policy section of the plan is the most important part of the
' document. State and federal agencies will use the local land use
policies in making project consistency, funding, and permit
decisions. The 7B guidelines require that the following issues
must be addressed in the plan:
1) Resource Protection
2) Resource Production and Management
3) Economic and Community Development
4) Continuing Public Participation
5) Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery and
Evacuation Plans
Listed below are some of the sources and documents utilized during
preparation of this Land Use Plan:
-- Bertie County 1986 Land Use Plan Update
-- Town of Windsor 1987 Land Use Plan Update
-- USDA, Soil Conservation Service, Bertie County
-- NCDOT, Planning and Policies Section
-- Town of Windsor Staff
-- Bertie County Schools
-- North Carolina Office of State Planning
-- North Carolina Division of Archives and History
-- Flood Insurance Study, Town of Windsor
-- Town of Windsor Zoning Ordinance
I-1

I
-- Town of Windsor Subdivision Ordinance '
-- North Carolina Division of Community Assistance ,
-- North Carolina Division of Coastal Management
-- North Carolina Department of Economic and Community
Development
-- Windsor 1990 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report ,
These sources were supplemented by "windshield" surveys conducted
in October, 1991, to obtain data on existing land use patterns and ,
housing conditions.
1
1
I-2 1

I
B. POPULATION AND HOUSING
1. Population
'
a) Permanent Population Growth, 1980-1990
The Town of Windsor is located in northeastern North
'
Carolina in Bertie County. Since 1980, the town has experienced a
reduction in population of approximately 3%. This decrease in
population is consistent with that of Bertie County from 1980 to
'
1990. See Table 1 for population trends for Windsor and Bertie
County.
Table 1
Population Trends
Town of Windsor, Bertie County - 1980 and 1990
Numeric %
1980 1990 Change Change
Windsor 2,126 2,056* - 70 -3.3%
Bertie County 21,024 20,388 -636 -3.1%
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning
*In January, 1992, the Town of Windsor was advised that the final 1990
'
total population count had been revised to 2,207. However, the
U.S. Census Bureau did not provide updated detailed demographic data.
'
b) Composition and Age
Windsor has experienced a 27% decrease in the 15-24 year
old age group since 1980. During the same period, there was a 24%
'
increase in the 65 and over year old age group. Bertie County has
only experienced an 11% increase in this age group. Windsor and
Bertie County have both had significant increases in the 35 to 44
'
year old age group from 1980 to 1990, 36% and 35%, respectively.
Table 2 provides detailed information on population characteristics
for Windsor and Bertie County.
'
Table 2
Population Characteristics by Age Groups
Town of Windsor, 1980-1990
Numeric %
Age Group 1980 1990 Change Change
Under 5 136 131 - 5 - 3.7%
5 - 14 295 247 -48 -16.3%
15-24 333 243 -90 -27.0%
25-34 291 264 -27 - 9.3%
35-44 206 281 +75 +36.4%
45-54 260 221 -39 -15.0%
55-64 262 245 -17 - 6.5%
'
65 and over 343 424 +81 +23.6%
Total 7,-126 2,056 -70 - 3.3%
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning
I-3
'

Table 2 (Cont'd.)
Population Characteristics by Age Groups
Bertie County, 1980-1990
Numeric
%
Age Group
1980
1990
Change
Change
Under 5
11572
11507
- 65
- 4.1%
5 - 14
3,656
3,300
- 356
- 9.7%
15-24
3,949
2,814
-1,135
-28.8%
25-34
2,738
3,107
+ 369
+13.5%
35-44
1,979
2,665
+ 686
+34.7%
45-54
21289
1,951
- 338
-14.8%
55-64
21147
21059
- 88
- 4.1%
65 and over
2,964
2,985
+ 291
+10.8%
Total
21,024
20,388
- 636
- 3.1%
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning
The Town of Windsor has a smaller percentage of males than
Bertie County. The county, on the other hand, has a smaller
percentage of females than Windsor. See Table 3.
Table 3
Percentage Change in Population by Sex
Town of Windsor, Bertie County - 1980-1990
Windsor Bertie County
1980 % 1990 % 1980 % 1990 %
Male 951 45 910 44 9,950 47 9,408 46
Female 1,175 55 1,146 56 11,074 53 10,980 54
Total 2,126 100 2,056* 100 21,024 100 20,388 100
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning
*In January, 1992, the Town of Windsor was advised that the final 1990
total population count had been revised to 2,207. However, the
U.S. Census Bureau did not provide updated detailed demographic data.
The majority of individuals in Windsor, 65%, are white.
Approximately 35% of Windsor's residents are black. These
percentages are highly inconsistent with those of Bertie County.
Bertie County consists of approximately 62% black and 38% white.
See Table 4 for detailed information on the racial composition of
Windsor and Bertie County.
I-4

Table 4
Racial Composition
Town of Windsor, Bertie County - 1990
Total
White
Black
American Indian or
Eskimo, Aleut
Asian or Pacific Islander
Other
Windsor
% of
Number
Total
2,056
100.0%
1,328
64.6%
718
34.9%
3
.1%
7
.3%
0
-
Bertie Count
% of
Number
Total
20,388
100.0%
7,790
38.2%
12,531
61.5%
46
.2%
14
.1%
7
.1%
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning
2. Housing
As of 1990, 40% of the dwelling units in Windsor were con-
structed 40 or more years ago. This relatively accelerated age of
housing indicates that these homes may be slightly or moderately
deteriorated. Seven percent of the total dwelling units lack
complete bathroom facilities, while approximately 4% lack complete
kitchen facilities.
Eight Hundred Three (803), or approximately 87% of the dwelling
units in Windsor are detached, single-family units. A small
percentage, roughly 7%, of the dwelling units are mobile homes.
Table 5 provides detailed information on housing conditions in
Windsor, and Table 6 provides information on tenure and vacancy of
housing units in Windsor.
Table 5
Town of Windsor
Housing Conditions - 1990
% of
Condition and Age Number Total
Total Year -Round Units 927* 100.0%
Age
0 - 9 years
45
4.9%
10-19 years
174
18.8%
29-29 years
152
16.4%
30-39 years
180
19.4%
40 or more years
376
40.6%
Condition
Lacking complete bathroom facilities
66
7.1%
Lacking complete kitchen facilities
36
3.9%
Lacking complete heating equipment
5
.5%
*In January, 1992, the Town of Windsor was advised that the final 1992
total housing count was revised to 979. However, the U.S. Census Bureau
did not provide updated detailed housing data.
I-5

Table 8 (Continued)
% of
Number
Total
Type
Single
family, detached
803
86.60
Single
family, attached
7
.8%
Duplex
28
3.0%
3 or 4
unit
12
1.3%
5 to 9
unit
5
.5%
10 to
19 unit
1
.lea
Mobile
home or Trailer
63
6.8%
Other
8
.9%
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning
Table 6
Town of Windsor Housing Summary
Tenure and Vacancy - 1980-1990
Item
Total Units
Total Year -Round Units
Occupied Units
Renter Occupied
Owner Occupied
Vacant Units
For Sale
For Rent
Other Vacant
Occasional or Seasonal Use
1980 1990
882
927*
869
919
821
856
266
632
555
224
61
71*
8
8
12
11
28
44
13
8
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning
*In June, 1991, the Town of Windsor was providing residential service to
940 customers. It appears that the total for vacant dwelling units may
be excessive.
3. Summary
The following provides a summary of significant demographic and
housing findings:
-- Windsor has experienced an overall population decrease since
1980.
-- Since 1980, Windsor has experienced a growth in the 65 and over
age group of approximately 24%; the 35-44 age group has
increased 36% during this period.
-- Residential units have experienced only a 5% increase from 1980
to 1990 in Windsor.
-- Approximately 40% of Windsor's housing stock was constructed 40
or more years ago; Windsor may have numerous substandard housing
units.
-- Approximately 87% of Windsor's housing units are traditional,
single-family, detached units.
I-6

C. ECONOMY
The mean household income is an excellent indicator of an
area's local economy. The Town of Windsor appears to have a
relatively strong, stable local economy. Although below that of
North Carolina, Windsor's mean household income is well above that
of Bertie County. See Table 7.
Table 7
Town of Windsor
Mean Household Income, 1989 1
Town of Windsor
Bertie County
North Carolina
1989
$28,462
$22,725
$33,242
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning
' 1 Mean household income is the average of all household incomes within a
given area.
1990 census data revealed that only 3.9% of the people active
in the labor force were unemployed. There were 1,637 persons of
age that were eligible to be included in the labor force. Of that
total, 680, or 41.5%, were not active in the labor force. They
' were either disabled, retired by choice, or persons not seeking
employment.
' For comparison purposes, Bertie County had 7% of the people
active in the labor force unemployed in 1990. The percent of
persons not active in the labor force is the same for Windsor and
the county. See Table 8 for detailed labor force status data for
' Windsor and Bertie County.
Table 8
' Town of Windsor, Bertie County
Labor Force Status - 1990
$ of
' Total: Windsor Male Female Total Total
Labor Force
Armed Forces 0 0 0 0
Civilian Labor Force:
Employed 480 440 920 56.2%
Unemployed 12 25 37 2.3%
Not in Labor Force 228 452 680 41.5%
Total 720 917 1,637 100.0%
Total: Bertie Count
Labor Force
Armed Forces
14
0
14
0.1%
Civilian Labor Force:
Employed
41403
3,866
8,269
54.3%
Unemployed
222
398
620
4.1%
Not in Labor Force
2,181
4,144
6,325
41.5%
Total
61820
8,408
15,228
100.0%
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning
Note: "Percentage" and "Totals" represent only those individuals of
age to participate in the labor force.
I-7

The manufacture of durable and nondurable goods offers employ-
ment to 23.8% of Windsor's employed population. The following list
reveals major manufacturing firms in the Windsor area.
Date
# of
Firm/Location* Established
Products
Employees
'
1.
Wrangler, Inc.
1967
Garments
195
Route 4
2.
Tarmac Carolinas, Inc.
1963
Concrete Products
12
'
Hwy. 13/17 Bypass
3.
Coubourn Lumber Co.
1938
Lumber
0
'
Hwy. 17
4.
Gillam Bros. Peanut
1935
Peanuts
30
Sheller, Inc.
10 seasonal
'
Spring Street
5.
Lea Lumber & Plywood
1939
Veneer
260
'
Hoggard Mill Road
6.
Stephenson Crab Co.
1983
Fish Products
65
Hwy. 13/17 Bypass
'
7.
Williford Lumber Co.
1962
Furniture Squares
16
Hwy. 17N
and Chips
'
9.
Workers Owned
1979
Contract Sewing
50
Sewing Co.
'
Granville Street
9.
NDL Enterprises, Inc.
1989
Pharmaceutical
24
Packaging
,
Source:
Town of Windsor
'
*The discussion of industrial land
use on page I-20 includes areas
of
Windsor zoned for industrial usage other than these
businesses.
This list includes only businesses
which fabricate items or process
raw materials.
'
The occupations within the services industry account for 31.3% '
of total employment in the town. Helath services, educational
services, and other professional services lead this industry.
Employment in retail industry is also strong, and accounts for '
14.1% of total employment in Windsor.
I-8 '

Table 9
Employed Persons 16 Years and Older by Industry
Town of Windsor - 1990
Number* % of
Occupation Employed Total
Agriculture, forestry, fisheries, mining
38
4.1%
Construction
60
6.5%
Manufacturing
'
Nondurable goods
89
9.7%
Durable goods
130
14.1%
Transportation
16
1.7%
t
Communication, other public utilities
15
1.6%
Wholesale trade
31
3.4%
Retail trade
127
13.8%
Finance, insurance, and real estate
55
6.0%
'
Services
Business and repair services
22
2.4%
Personal, entertainment, and recreational services
42
4.6%
'
Professional and related services:
Health services
74
8.1%
Educational services
91
9.9%
Other professional and related services
58
6.3%
'
Public administration
72
7.8%
'
TOTAL EMPLOYED
920
100.0%
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State
Planning
'
*NOTE: Individuals may not be employed within the
Windsor
corporate limits.
Approximately 71% of all workers in Windsor
are private
'
(for -profit and not -for -profit) wage and salary
workers. This
percentage is basically consistent with the county
percentage
of
75%. Roughly 22% of all workers in Windsor are
employed in
either
'
federal, state, or local governments. It should
be noted that
government workers create stability in an area.
See Table
10.
11
II
1
I-9

Table 10
Employed Persons 16 Years and Over by Class of Worker
Town of Windsor, Bertie County - 1990
% of
Windsor Number Total
Private Wage and Salary Worker 654 71.2%
Federal Government Worker 20 2.2%
State Government Worker 90 9.8%
Local Government Worker 92 10.0%
Self -Employed Worker 60 6.5%
Unpaid Family Worker 4 0.3%
Total 920 100.0%
Bertie Count
Private Wage and Salary Worker 6,232 75.4%
Federal Government Worker 231 2.8%
State Government Worker 603 7.3%
Local Government Worker 562 6.8%
Self -Employed Worker 609 7.4%
Unpaid Family Worker 32 0.3%
Total 8,269 100.0%
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning
Table 11 indicates that the Town of Windsor has a relatively
small portion of individuals that are considered to be below the
poverty level. More than half the population, on the other hand,
is reported as having income 200% of poverty level and above.
Windsor's level of poverty is much lower than that of the
surrounding region.
Table 11
Town of Windsor
Poverty Status - 1990
% of
Income Level Individuals Total
Income
below 75% of poverty
level
219
10.7%
Income
between
75 and
124% of
poverty level
292
11.8%
'
Income
between
125 and
149%
of poverty level
110
5.4%
Income
Income
between
200% of
150 and
poverty
199%
level
of poverty level
and above
169
1,304
8.3%
63.8%
'
Total
2,044
100.0%
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning ,
The following provides a summary of significant economic data '
for Windsor.
-- The mean household income for Windsor is above that of '
Bertie County and below that of North Carolina.
I-10 '

I
' -- Over 23% of employed persons 16 years and older in Windsor
are employed in manufacturing.
' -- Approximately 22% of employed persons in Windsor are
employed in either federal, state, or local governments.
This creates economic stability for the town.
' -- More than 63% of the population has income 200% of poverty
level and above.
II
II
II
I1
II
II
II
II

D. EXISTING LAND USE
1. Introduction
The Windsor planning jurisdiction includes the land within the
corporate limits and the town's extraterritorial jurisdiction area.
In 1986, the town's jurisdictional area included a total of just
over 11 square miles. Approximately 27 percent of the area, or 3.0
square miles, was contained within the corporate limits. The
remaining eight square miles were located in the extraterritorial
area.
Since 1986, the town has not expanded its extraterritorial
jurisdiction. However, a total of nine annexations have occurred
which included approximately one -tenth square mile of area, or 66
acres. Two of those annexations were satellite annexations and
cannot provide a basis for expansion of the town's extraterritorial
jurisdiction. The largest annexation (1987) was a contiguous
249.78 acre area which extended east of Windsor along U.S. 13.
Annexations along U.S. 13 north of Windsor actually extended the
town's contiguous corporate limit line beyond the town's northern
extraterritorial jurisdiction boundary. The town should review its
extraterritorial boundary during the planning period and consider
making appropriate adjustments.
Table 12 provides a summary of land use acreages by zoning
category within the Town of Windsor corporate limits. Because of a '
lack of detail and definition on existing base maps, it is impos-
sible to map existing land uses in sufficient detail to allow for
any meaningful measurements of actual land use acreages. The
actual land uses are delineated on Map 1, Existing Land Use.
Table 12
Town of Windsor Corporate Area
Land Use Acreages By Zoning Districts
Zoning District
Acreage
R-75
Single -Family Residential District
35
RA-20
Single -Family Residential District
106
R-10
Single and Two -Family Residential District
453
R-7
Single and Two -Family Residential District
386
R-5
Single -Family Residential District
84
0-I
Office and Institutional District
21
C-I
Central Commercial District
71
C-2
Commercial District
389
M-1
Industrial District
443
TOTAL
1,988
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Within the extraterritorial jurisdiction, the majority of the
land is zoned RA-20, which is Windsor's residential/agricultural
district zone. This area includes approximately 5,120 acres. Most
of this land is in agricultural or forest production, or is
vacant.
I-12

.�II rrlil"` N LEGEND
RESIDENTIAL
COMMERCIAL
The preparation of this map was IMonced .
M part through a grant provided by the
North Corollno Coastal Management CULTURAL
Program, Itvough funds provided by the
Coestat Zone Management Act of 1972, 1
as amended, which Is administered by the y
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource - GOVERNMENT
Management. National Oceanic and
Atmospherlc Admbdshratlo6 s -
•�,c ,y .; 5;-'-,•-+w.,�� INDUSTRIAL
', /;. f :r;`•y'y'�"i+' .� TRANSPORTATION
/'''I •f, '�.`'',j{Y' :f.e. a�>4fI.1'i.". fl Ya%i!.• �� 1L':'yN Y^IS:y. `/Jy+. '*''1':�'�•..`
Sri �>� / -�, ,; ly a>rnC)ir.r 5r ^G rr /fey! ��`•.
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./�• 'BG��f11 't%'. 1 � ,.M r+ r iJl h / / fr ,^ Oldlr`/'J/�' 4+' :u,
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VACANT
FrLSj 111Ihll,
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Wsn+K aC41
TOWN OF WINDSOR .
EXISTING LAND USE
MAP 1
.Sr. 'fy ''t wP'r ,1• .$Sr ♦Y -��//Jill a. �p:t.. `�. � _
r�r J+JMIr ^�'• !l. �3:t',; }T �tSY^ r i!I :SVt •r"i. �rt
rr,�{F•v� ,, /%w Y>"r''4'� �r C•I f�
t....H..,e..4 ..,a4,H. �... �•�',ataYsrcw.{.r...d.d��t3�:�1:. I-13

I
t2. Urban and Developed Land
' a) Residential
Windsor's residential land use is predominantly low
density, single-family residential development. Multi -family resi-
dential development is limited. By actual field count, there were
947 residential dwelling units located in Windsor in 1992. This
exceeds the 1990 census count total by 22 units. Of the total,
' 847, or 89.4%, were site built frame structures. The remaining
100 dwelling units, 10.6%, were modular or mobile homes.
The Town of Windsor has maintained an active and aggressive
' Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program and enforced its
minimum housing code. Through code enforcement and CDBG revitali-
zation programs in FY80, FY83, FY87 and FY89, the town has rehabil-
itated 115 deteriorated dwellings and cleared 20 dilapidated dwell-
ings. An additional 25 dwellings are scheduled to be rehabilitated
through a FY91 CDBG revitalization program.
t As a result of the town's housing programs, the housing
conditions are extremely good. Table 13 provides an analysis of
1992 housing conditions based on actual field survey. The
conditions are delineated on Map 2, Structural Conditions.
Table 13
Town of Windsor
1992 Housing Conditions
No. Within
No. Within
Corporate
Extraterritorial
Limit
Jurisdiction
Total
Percentage
Standard Frame Dwelling Units
785
107
892
79.8
Moderately Deteriorated Frame Dwelling Units
12
1
13
1.2
Severely Deteriorated Frame Dwelling Units
35
7
42
3.8
Dilapidated Frame Dwelling Units
5
8
13
1.2
Standard Modular/Mobile Homes
88
44
132
11.7
Moderately Deteriorated Mobile Homes
9
3
12
1.1
Severely Deteriorated Mobile Homes
2
0
2
0.2
Dilapidated Mobile Homes
1
1
2
0.2
Standard Apartments
10
0
10
0_8
947
171
1,118
100.0
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Less than 6.74% of Windsor's total housing stock is sub-
standard. This is an exceptionally low portion of the town's total
housing stock. In future years, the town should continue to vigor-
ously enforce the minimum housing code to ensure that dwelling
units are maintained in a standard condition.
Except for improvement in conditions, residential land use
has remained unchanged since 1986. Table 14 provides a summary of
construction activity since 1986.
I-14

1•1
at
O
01
0 e
O
o o000
U
LEGEND
O STANDARD FRAME DWELLING UNIT
8 MODERATELY DETERIORATED FRAME
DWELLING UNIT
Q SEVERELY DETERIORATED FRAME
DWELLING UNIT
DIPALIDATED FRAME DWELLING UNIT
0 STANDARD MOBILE HOME
m MODERATELY DETERIORATED MOBILE HOME
C7 SEVERELY DETERIORATED MOBILE HOME
DILAPIDATED MOBILE HOME
APARTMENTS
❑ COMMERCIAL STANDARD
m COMMERCIAL MODERATELY DETERIORATED
Q COMMERCIAL SEVERELY DETERIORATED
COMMERCIAL DILAPIDATED
O MUNICIPAL
® RESIDENTIAL DWELLING USED FOR BUSINESS
A INSTITUTION
t'—•—TOWN LIMIT LINE
° TOWN OF WINDSOR
1
i
i STRUCTURAL CONDITIONS
MAP 2
The preparation of INs map was financed
In part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the
Coastal Zane Management Act of 1972.
os amended, which is adminlslared by the
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management, Nallonal Oceanic and
Atmospheric Adminhilrallon,
� a IJa a •M .AOa
0.
1
1
i
1

Table 14
Town of Windsor
Building Permits Issued
1986 - 1991
New Construction 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
tSingle-family
dwelling 2 1 3 7 17
Churches 1 2
'
Office, bank, and professional
buildings 2 2 3
Service Stations 2
Stores 3 2 2
'
Nursing Home 1
Residential garage 4
Other buildings 1 4 7 4
t12
5 0 10 21 22
Residential additions,
alterations, and conversions 26 11 33 26 23 23
t
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Except for 1990 and 1991, very little residential new
'
construction occurred. Four of the new units constructed in those
two years were built by the Windsor Housing Corporation to provide
new affordable housing to low to moderate income families and
individuals. The extensive residential additions and alterations
work was the result of the town's CDBG revitalization programs.
'
The majority of the town's land use, over 51%, remains in.
residential usage. The major residential areas are Spruill Park
and Hillcrest in the west and south, and the Peterson Road area in
the eastern section of town. However, significant residential
'
development has begun to occur along U.S. 17 east of the town in
recently annexed areas. Increased residential development may also
be expected along U.S. 13 north of town when water and sewer
'
utilities are extended to the area.
Residential development is scattered at low densities
throughout the extraterritorial jurisdiction. The greatest concen-
'
tration of housing in the extraterritorial jurisdiction occurs
along U.S. 17 South in the vicinity of the Industrial Park and off
'
of S.R. 1100.
b) Commercial
'
In 1992, there were 158 commercial structures located
within the Windsor corporate limits. Only one dilapidated
commercial structure was located in the Windsor extraterritorial
jurisdiction area. The majority of the commercial structures
'
appear to be in standard condition. In fact, 147, or 93% of the
commercial structures, should be considered standard or have only
I-16

minor code violations. The commercial land uses are concentrated
in the Central Business District (CBD), U.S. 13 west of Windsor,
Granville Road west of the CBD, and in scattered locations along
U.S. 13 east of Windsor.
A major concern is the decline of Windsor's Central
Business District. The CBD is generally defined as the area of
King Street between Camden and Dundee Streets, and Granville Street
from York Street to Queen Street. The focal point is the King
Street/Granville Street intersection. The area contains approxi-
mately 50 structures. The CBD contains numerous buildings which
reflect the late 1800s appearance of many small towns in eastern
North Carolina. The following is an excerpt from Windsor's 1991
nomination of its historic district to the National Register of
Historic Places which describes the commercial district.
"All but a handful of the commercial structures
appear to predate 1900, but none has escaped later
renovations of their street -level facades. Nearly
all of the older buildings, however, have retained
their rear elevations intact with large arched open-
ings with double doors and large segmental arched
windows with iron bars. Behind 119 S. King Street
(#58) is a one-story brick structure with three large
arched openings identified on the 1919 McGrary map as
a stable. The oldest structure is the Masonic Lodge,
118 S. King Street 018), built before 1848 but
damaged by fire in 1917 and remodeled -with commercial
space on the first floor. In 1888 a fire destroyed
the buildings on Granville Street and the town
commissioners ordered that all future construction be
of brick. The aftermath of the fire brought with it
a resurgence of construction in the commercial dis-
trict, with new buildings erected at a relatively
steady pace between the 1890s and about 1930. A few
of the commercial buildings are only one-story in
height, but most are two-story with none taller.
"Among the best preserved of the commercial buildings
is the Spruill Building, 125-127 S. King Street
059), with its four upper sash framed and arched
with brick moldings and hoods, and featuring a wide
cornice of recessed octagonal panels and elaborately
corbeled and sawtooth-patterned brickwork. Similar
to the Spruill Building are 129 and 121 Granville
Street (#118 and #121) with their upper fenestration
featuring crossetted and arched brick frames and
elaborately composed brick cornices. Similar but
less elaborately treated examples of the late nine-
teenth century storefronts are 102-104 and 124 S.
King Street (#15 and #20). Most of the commercial
structures have been the recipients of some "modern
improvements" in the form of large plate glass dis-
play windows and doors with metal frames and flat-
I-17

roofed metal awnings; the sameness of these changes
gives a bland and anonymous appearance to the first
floor levels of the buildings in contrast with the
weathered brick, arched windows, and varied brick
cornices of the second floor elevations. A few of
the buildings have received completely new facades,
notably 113-117 and 109-111 S. King Street (#56 and
#55) where, above the standard glass display windows,
a "modern" look is achieved by the four horizontal
bands of recessed bricks which tie together the sym-
metrically placed fenestration. The major intrusions
in the business district are 136-140 S. King Street
(#22) and 101 N. King Street (#14), both bank build-
ings. 136-140 S. King Street is an older building
remodeled into a "contemporary" structure with narrow
vertical strip windows and given a coating of white
stucco in great contrast to its red -brick neighbors.
101 N. King Street is a large "Williamsburg" style -
bank set back from the street with a lawn, out of
scale and spatial context with the other commercial
structures."
Map 3, which is copied from the town's nomination, provides
a delineation of the historic district and the locations of the
individual buildings by the numbers referred to above.
Preservation of the Windsor CBD for both its economic and
historic value is a major concern. Many vacant buildings are
beginning to rapidly deteriorate, showing increasing need for
repair. Some buildings have had their facades substantially
altered from their original design. This has detracted from the
value and appearance of the historic district properties.
Since 1986, only limited commercial new construction has
t
occurred. In fact, only 16 building permits for construction of
new commercial buildings were issued. Most of that activity was
along the U.S. 17 and 13 routes north, south and east of Windsor.
No significant increase in commercial construction is expected
'
during the planning period. During the early 1980s, Granville
Street west of the CBD showed some signs of commercial growth.
However, the trend did not continue during the late 1980s.
'
c) Public/Semi-Public
Public/semi-public land uses are scattered throughout
'
Windsor. The major land uses in this category are owned by the
Town of Windsor. Those include the Livermon Recreational Park and
Mini -Zoo, the Bertie County Memorial Hospital, the Brian Center and
'
Hallmark Center nursing homes, the Freeman Hotel, the Lawrence
Memorial Library, Town of Windsor Municipal Building, Granville
Hall (a community building owned by the town and rented to the
Windsor Area Chamber of Commerce), maintenance garage, the Town of
Windsor campground located at the end of Elm Street, the Roanoke-
Chowan Community College, the Cashie River Park, the Martin
Community College campus, the Windsor Fire Department, the Bertie
'
County Rescue Squad, the Explorer Scout Building, and the Windsor
'
I-18

1
Composite of Bertie County tax
maps #6802.16, 6802.11, and
'
6802.15.
C' ss CONTRIBUTING
NONCONTIRBUTING
N as
'
VL as VACANT LOT
4- a PHOTOGRAPHS
'
Scale: 3/4" as 200 feet
Note: Properties are keyed to the inventory
list. "C" and "N" refer to primary resources
'
only. Many properties have additional,
secondary resources not shown on the map.
For these, please refer to the inventory list.
'
Inventory numbers 44, 57, 99, 100 and 126 are
not assigned.
'
Source: National Register of Historic Places '
Registration Form, Town of Windsor
'
Historic District, June 27, 1991
1
r Effhe
preparation er this up as financed
n part Carolina
a grant pravlsed by the
or[h Carunds coastal Mnage Coo tal Son.
hrouch funds provided by Cea Cd".s ton*
a=s ant of 1the as Carl" of o ehlnh
co stalnleterN by [he set,or one" and
coastal Meoerp IYMyeeemt. mat10M1 Owam10
Ind atmospheric administration.
WINDSOR HISTORIC DISTRICT
Windsor, North Carolina

Community Building and tennis courts. A portion of the Martin
Community College property was being cleared in 1992 to construct
subsidized duplex housing by a private developer. The Cashie River
Park is privately owned by the Gray heirs, but is maintained by the
town. The most significant town -owned facility is probably the
Livermon Recreational Park and Mini -Zoo. This facility is visited
regularly by both residents and non-residents. Area schools
frequent the facility as part of school field trips. The Freeman
Hotel houses the offices of the Windsor Area Chamber of Commerce
and the Windsor Housing Corporation. Visitor's information signs
direct travelers from U.S. 17 and U.S. 13 to the Chamber office.
In addition to the municipally owned public property, the
Bertie County Courthouse and administrative offices are located in
Windsor. These facilities are an attractive asset and serve to
generate economic activity within the town.
Other public/semi-public land uses include churches, clubs,
school property, state and federal offices which are scattered
throughout the town, and the Bertie County prison farm located at
the end of County Farm Road off of U.S. 13 South.
There are no significant land use issues or problems
associated with the public/semi-public land uses.
d) utilities, Communications
The Town of Windsor operates its own electrical, water and
sewer systems. Rights -of -way for these utilities are maintained by
the town. In addition, the town maintains sewer treatment facili-
ties which are located off of U.S. 13 South on County Farm Road.
There are no major land use issues or concerns with the utilities/
communications category. It should be noted that because most of
these uses are in rights -of -way, they are not shown on the existing
land use map. However, the sewage treatment plant is shown as a
government land use.
e) Industrial
Windsor's industrial land uses are located in the indus-
trial park off of U.S. 13/17 South, the U.S. 17 Bypass, U.S. 13
North, off of Indian Woods Road, and on two sites adjacent to
Peterson Road. The industrial zoning district category within the
corporate limits includes 443 acres, or 22% of the total land area
within the corporate limits. As described in the economy section,
six of Windsor's 12 industries are linked to either agricultural or
forestry production and provide over 50% of the town's industrial
employment.
The town's industrial zoning and uses do not present any
conflicts with adjacent or nearby non -industrial land uses. Indus-
trial development and zoning has been controlled and limited to
areas which would not lead to the development of incompatible land
uses. The Windsor zoning ordinance recognizes the potential
problem and defines the industrial zoning district and its desired
location as follows:
I-20

"The M-1 industrial district is established for those areas
of the community where the principal use of land is for
industrial and warehousing uses. These uses by their
nature may create some nuisance and are not properly
associated with residential, commercial and/or service
establishments. These uses normally seek outlying
locations on large tracts of land where the operations
involved do not detract from the development potential of
nearby undeveloped properties."
f) Forestland
Approximately fifty percent (50) of Windsor's total
planning jurisdiction consists of forestland. The majority of the
forestland is owned by industry and is devoted to the production of
pulpwood. Intermixed with the forestlands are numerous areas of
privately owned farmland. The industrial forestlands are primarily
managed for pine production, but numerous acres of deciduous
forests intertwine with the evergreens. Of particular significance
is the extensive and sensitive hardwood swamplands that constitute
the floodplains of the Cashie River.
There are no specific issues or problems associated with
the forestland within Windsor's planning jurisdiction. Windsor
does support, however, Best Management Practices, the Forest
Stewardship Program, the Tree Farm Program, and other multi -use,
intensive management (reforestation) programs currently being
practiced by both private and industrial owners. These practices
provide clean water, game habitat, recreation and future timber
supplies.
The Town of Windsor supports the recent establishment of
the Roanoke River National Wildlife Refuge in Bertie County.
Windsor encourages National Wildlife Refuge offices, support
facilities and personnel to permanently locate in the Windsor
area.
g) Agricultural Lands
Agricultural lands occupy 20 to 25 percent of Windsor's
planning jurisdiction. Most of the productive agricultural lands
are located within the town's extraterritorial jurisdiction. The
"prime" or most productive agricultural lands are indicated on the
Fragile Areas Map. These areas should be protected from develop-
ment and preserved for agricultural production.
There are no apparent conflicts between agricultural
production and other land uses. Growth within the Windsor planning
jurisdiction is expected to be slow during the planning period.
Thus, the infringement of development on agricultural production
will be limited. Zoning should still be relied upon to control
density in the extraterritorial jurisdiction. The town's RA-20
single-family residential district should remain in effect in most
of the extraterritorial jurisdiction area. That district is
defined as follows:
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1
t
11
I
E
"The RA-20 residential district is established as a
district in which the principal use of land is for low
density residential and agricultural purposes. The
regulations of this district are intended to protect the
agricultural sections of the community from an influx of
uses likely to render it undesirable for farms and future
development, and to insure that residential development not
having access to public water supplies and dependent upon
septic tanks and outdoor privies for sewage disposal will
occur at sufficiently low densities for a healthful
environment."
3. Summary
The Town of Windsor has maintained active planning and housing
improvement programs. Windsor's overall appearance and orderly
arrangement of land uses are evidence of the value of these
efforts. Although the planning efforts have been successful, many
land use issues remain which should be addressed by the town.
Those issues include the following:
-- The town's extraterritorial boundary should be amended to
compensate for annexations which have occurred since 1986.
-- The town's Central Business District, which is included in
the Windsor Historic District, must be preserved and
renovated. Major issues include: preservation of building
facades, diversification of allowable uses, elimination of
code violations and deteriorating conditions, and the
occupancy of vacant buildings.
-- The town should continue to protect valuable agricultural
and forestlands.
-- The town should continue to vigorously support its planning
program and to maintain separation of conflicting land
uses.
-- The town should maintain a vigorous minimum housing code
enforcement program to ensure that the majority of the
town's dwelling units are maintained in a standard condi-
tion. Windsor has made great improvement to town -wide
housing conditions through CDBG programs and minimum
housing code enforcement. This effort should be
sustained.
-- The town has protected the integrity of its residential
areas. This protection should continue.
-- While public/semi-public land uses are limited, those which
exist are valuable assets. Windsor should continue to
protect those assets, in particular the following: the
Freeman Hotel, Granville Hall, the Livermon Recreational
Park and Mini -Zoo, the Lawrence Memorial Library, the
I-22

Explorer Scout Building (U.S. 17 Bypass), the Windsor
Campground, Bertie Memorial Hospital, the Cashie River
Park, Windsor Community Building and tennis courts, Windsor
Eire Department, and Bertie County Rescue Squad.
-- The town has maintained an aggressive annexation policy
since 1986 (nine annexations totaling 66 acres). A
comprehensive annexation plan should be prepared.
-- The efforts of the Windsor Housing Corporation to construct
new housing affordable for purchase by low to moderate
income families and individuals should continue to be
supported by the Town of Windsor.
-- The town has and should continue to solicit "clean"
industries, especially those which rely on forestry and
agricultural production.
4. Development Potential
As stated, growth within Windsor's planning jurisdiction will
be slow but steady throughout the planning period. Sufficient
vacant land is available in both small parcels and large individual
tracts to accommodate the anticipated growth.
The following factors will support growth within Windsor and
its extraterritorial planning jurisdiction:
-- Only a small portion (approximately 20%) of the town's
total planning jurisdiction is located in the Cashie River
floodplain. Approximately one-half of that area is located
in the hardwood swamp forests along the Cashie River which
are not suited for development.
-- The town is financially stable.
-- The town has an aggressive expansion/extension policy for
its sewage collection and treatment system.
-- The town has a standard stable inventory of single-family
dwellings which will provide a foundation for further
residential development.
-- The town has quality health care facilities, including t I
facilities for the aged.
-- The town will continue to protect its historically signifi-
cant structures and its historic district. This effort '
will enhance the town's appearance and overall quality of
life.
-- The town has a relatively high median income and low ,
unemployment.
I-23

-- The town has a policy of supporting the development of
"clean" industries which are free of hazardous materials
and waste.
-- The town's infrastructure systems are all in good
condition.
-- There are only ten private sector non -subsidized apartment
units located within Windsor's planning jurisdiction. It
appears that a market would exist for additional private
sector multi -family dwelling units.
-- The Windsor Area Chamber of Commerce actively promotes the
assets of the area to travelers, non-residents, businesses
and industries.
In summary, the future significant development issues confront-
ing the Town of Windsor will focus on protecting the existing land
uses and improving its key assets such as the Central Business
District.
5. Existing Ordinances and Land Use Controls
The town maintains a comprehensive program of building and land
use controls. Administrative responsibility for implementation of
most programs lies with the Town Administrator. However, the
town's bookkeeper (a full-time position) serves as Secretary to the
Planning Board and Clerk to the Board of Adjustment.
The following defines the town's ordinances and land use
controls:
a) Zoning Ordinance
The Town of Windsor zoning ordinance was adopted in 1977.
However, the zoning ordinance map was updated in 1991 and the
ordinance was undergoing a review and update in 1992. The 1992
update was intended to include and consolidate changes which have
occurred during a number of years. The ordinance defines its
purpose as:
"This Ordinance is designated to encourage the growth of
the various physical elements of the town, to guide the
future development of the town in accordance with a compre-
hensive plan of land use and population density so that the
town may realize its potentialities as a place to live and
work."
A total of nine zoning districts are provided. They
include the following:
R-75 Single -Family Residential District
RA-20 Single -Family Agricultural Residential District
R-10 Single and Two -Family Residential District
R-7 Single and Two -Family Residential District
I-24

I
R-5 Single -Family Residential District '
O-I Office and Institutional District
C-1 (CBD) Central Business District
C-2 (HCD) Highway Commercial District '
M-1 Manufacturing
The zoning ordinance, which is available at the Town of '
Windsor municipal building, should be referred to for lot sizes/
dimensional requirements and the definitions of allowable uses.
The zoning ordinance is enforced by the Town Administrator who also '
serves as the building inspector.
b) Subdivision Ordinance
Windsor's subdivision ordinance was adopted in 1973 and has ,
not been substantially revised since its adoption. The purpose of
the ordinance is defined as:
"The purpose of this ordinance is to establish procedures
and standards for the regulation and control of the sub-
division of land within the present and future jurisdiction
of the Town of Windsor, North Carolina, in order to promote
the public health, safety, and general welfare of the
community. They are designed to promote the orderly layout
and development of land; provide for the coordination and
dedication of land for streets and public utilities; ensure
adequate provision for transportation facilities, sewers,
water supply, schools, parks, playgrounds and other public
facilities; ensure the proper distribution of population
and traffic to avoid congestion and overcrowding; provide
adequate light, air, and open space; ensure greater safety
from fire, flood and other dangers; and ensure proper legal
description, identification, monumentation, and recording
of subdivision properties."
Copies of the subdivision ordinance are available at the
Windsor municipal building and should be referred to for detailed
requirements. The ordinance is enforced by the Town Administrator
who also serves as the building inspector.
c) utilities Extension Policies
The town maintains a mandatory water and sewer hook-up
policy. The sewer policy applies to all customers who generate
sewage at an amount equal to an average domestic user. Hook-up is
mandatory for all customers located within 200 feet of sewer and
water lines.
Requests for the extension of water and sewer lines are
analyzed on a case -by -case basis. Fees are set at a higher rate
for customers located outside the corporate limits.
I-25

1
1
d) Minimum Housing Code
The Town of Windsor has a minimum housing code which was
adopted in 1979. The code is enforced by the Town Administrator
who serves as the building inspector. The code has been an
important element in Windsor's community development housing
improvements programs.
e) Mobile Home and Trailer Park ordinance
The Town of Windsor has a mobile home and trailer park
ordinance which regulates the location of mobile homes and parks,
individual installation requirements, and mobile home park design
requirements. The ordinance is enforced by the Town Administrator
who serves as the building inspector.
f) Federal Flood Insurance Program
The Town of Windsor participates in the Federal Emergency
Management Flood Program. The building inspector (Town Adminis-
trator) coordinates the program and aids in ensuring compliance.
The current National Flood Insurance Program Flood Insurance Rate
Maps were revised on August 19, 1985.
g) North Carolina State Building Code
The Town of Windsor enforces the North Carolina State
Building Code for all new construction and rehabilitation. As
evidenced by the small number of building permits issued from 1986
to 1992, a full-time building inspector is not required. There-
fore, the Town Administrator serves as building inspector.
h) Downtown Windsor Revitalization Study
In August, 1979, the Town of Windsor prepared the Downtown
Windsor Revitalization Study. The study was intended to analyze
the existing downtown area and to recommend priority projects to
improve the downtown area. Potential funding sources to finance
projects were defined. However, many of those sources no longer
exist. The study was never implemented. However, many of the
downtown problems cited continue to exist.
-- Threat of CBD decline if immediate economic development
action is not initiated by both public and private
sectors in an organized effort to retain its character
as a regional market place.
-- Limited accessibility from parking areas into stores
deters shopping.
-- No "anchors" in downtown such as key department stores,
which would draw people to CBD.
1-26

-- Severe traffic problems on the CBD Main Street of King
Street.
-- Partial flooding due to geographic proximity to lowlying
Cashie River.
-- Lack of adequate parking.
i) Historic District Ordinance
The Windsor Historic District Ordinance was established in
1981. The ordinance requires that land uses in the defined
district remain consistent with the district's historic theme. In
1991, the town succeeded in having the Windsor Historic District
entered in the National Register of Historic Places. Within the
district, no major alteration, moving, destruction, remodeling, or
restoration should occur without notifying the Town of Windsor.
j) Windsor Parking Study
This study was prepared in April, 1991, in response to a
request from the Windsor Area Chamber of Commerce and Town of
Windsor for assistance under the Municipal Traffic Engineering
Assistance Program of the Division of Highways, North Carolina
Department of Transportation. In 1990, the Windsor Area Chamber of
Commerce was instrumental in forming the Downtown Revitalization
Committee. Subsequently, a few owners made improvements to store
fronts. As a related effort, the town and chamber requested a
parking study for the central business district with the following
specific objectives in mind:
I. Parking Management Strategies
The town requested assistance in implementing effective '
parking management policies to better utilize the avail-
able parking in downtown Windsor.
II. Business community's perception of parking in '
downtown Windsor
The town asked that we correlate the parking study data t
with the results of a survey given to the business
owners in downtown Windsor.
The study examines each of these areas and provided ,
recommendations based on the engineering analyses made.
k) Town of Windsor Land Use Plan Update, 1986 '
The Town of Windsor prepared a CAMA-funded land use plan in
1986. The document responds to the state's 15A NCAC 7B planning '
guidelines and provides policy statements for areas of environ-
mental concern.
I-27 '

The following summarizes some of the more significant
policy statements which were included in the plan:
-- The town will permit those land uses which conform to
the general use standards of the North Carolina Adminis-
trative Code (15A NCAC 7H) for development in public
trust waters.
-- The town will encourage establishment of a 75 foot
conservation buffer zone from the river shore in which
no development shall be permitted.
-- The town will support preservation of the swamp forest
through strict enforcement of development standards in
the floodplain.
-- Windsor will encourage everyone in the town to hook up
to the town's wastewater treatment system and develop a
long-term plan to tie in most development pockets within
the one -mile area to the wastewater treatment system.
-- The town will limit the amount of impervious surfaces on
all lots within 75 feet of the waterline and encourage
their development so that no more than 20 percent of the
total land surface is covered in materials with a high
runoff potential.
-- The town will not encourage the preservation of "prime"
agricultural soils.
-- The town will rewrite the zoning ordinance to include a
requirement for special use permits for all mining
operations, including sand mining.
-- zoning ordinance, CAMA and 404 permitting systems will
regulate the development of industry in specific areas.
-- The town will limit growth to 9,000 persons. Urban
patterns will be limited by the zoning ordinance.
The reader is cautioned that the above listed policies are
not all of the policy statements which were included in the 1986
land use plan. The policies identified herein are only intended to
include the more significant. The 1986 land use plan should be
reviewed to obtain all policy statements.
6. Effectiveness of the Town of Windsc
The Town of Windsor has encountered both successes and failures
in implementing the 1986 policy statements. While the Town's Board
of Commissioners and Planning Board have relied on the 1986 plan as
a guideline for decisions, not all policy recommendations have been
followed. Specifically, the following policies were not
implemented:
I-28

-- Establishment of a 75 foot conservation buffer zone along ,
the river shoreline.
-- Limitation of the area of individual lots which could be
covered with an impervious surface.
-- Revision of the zoning ordinance to require special use
permits for all mining operations, including sand mining
In other areas, the town has been successful. The following
summarizes some of the more important areas where the town has
achieved the objectives of the 1986 plan:
-- Continue efforts to preserve the Central Business
District.
-- Continue efforts to preserve historic properties and the
Windsor Historic District on the National Register of
Historic Places.
-- Regulate the location of industries through the zoning
ordinance and permitting process.
-- Preserve the Cashie River swamp forest area.
-- Require individuals and businesses to connect to the town's
central sewer system.
-- Support 15A NCAC 7H minimum use standards for application
in all public trust waters.
I-29

E. DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS: PUBLIC FACILITIES
1. Water Supply
The Town of Windsor operates its own central water system. The
system includes the following wells:
Site
Location
Depth
Capacity
1
Light Plant
397 ft.
245 gpm*
2
Sutton Drive @ Cashie Baptist Church
370 ft.
245 gpm
3
Elevated Tank
390 ft.
500 gpm
4
Cashie Country Club
390 ft.
500 gpm
*gpm: gallons per minute
Well site one is used only as a standby for reserve capacity.
The water is of very high quality and requires only the addition of
chlorine and Virchem 932. The Virchem 932 is added to control the
flaking of iron from cast iron water supply pipes.
The water is supplied from the Yorktown Aquifer which has
furnished an ample, steady water supply. No water shortages have
ever been experienced.
The system includes 1,000 service connections. The capacity is
1,792,800 gallons per day. In 1992, the system was operating at
275,000 gallons per day. The 1986 capacity was 700,000 gallons per
day. Thus, the system capacity has been increased by 156.1% since
1986.
2. Sewage Disposal
The town operates its own sewage collection and treatment
system. The plant is located off of U.S. 13/17 South on the County
Farm Road. Treatment is provided by a modern extended aeration
plant. Discharge is into Broad Branch Creek which flows into the
Cashie River. The treatment capacity is 1.15 million gallons per
day. In 1992, the demand was 300,000 gallons per day. Thus,
850,000 gallons per day of surplus capacity existed. The system
includes 28 miles of sewer lines and 1,000 service connections.
The town was in compliance with all applicable state waste treat-
ment standards.
3. Drainage
Following periods of heavy rainfall, isolated flooding is a
problem in some Windsor locations. The primary cause is the backup
of water in and along the Cashie River. Anytime the river water
level is high, the drainage routes for stormwater runoff are
blocked. The most serious flooding problems occur on Sutton Drive
at Water Street and on York Street at the Livermon Recreational
Park and Mini -Zoo. The town does not have a town -wide comprehen-
sive drainage plan.
I-30

4. Solid Waste Disposal
The Town of Windsor provides solid waste collection for its
residents and businesses. One day per week collection is provided
for refuse and recyclables. Commercial dumpsters are emptied
approximately four times per week. Individual businesses without
dumpsters are provided door-to-door collection twice per week.
The town maintains a recyclables storage center on U.S. 17 South.
American Refuse System (ARS) collects paper, plastics and aluminum
cans. ARS pays the town for the aluminum cans but not for the
paper and plastics. Glass is shipped by the town to Wilson for
sale to private vendors.
Windsor operates two usable packer trucks. The trucks are 1982
and 1986 models. A third truck, a 1965 model, is not operating and
is kept as a reserve vehicle.
The waste is disposed of in the Bertie County landfill, which
is located ten miles northwest of Windsor. However, the landfill
has only a two to three year life expectancy. At the time of plan
preparation, Bertie, Martin, Hertford, Beaufort and Washington
counties were pursuing the development of a regional landfill. The
regional facility was expected to be located on a 47-acre site
adjacent to the existing Bertie County landfill. At the time of
plan preparation, the contract details were being resolved. It was
anticipated that the first phase of the new facility could be
opened by mid-1992. The new facility will have a 20-year life
expectancy and provide separate facilities for refuse and
recyclable material.
5. Schools
The Town of Windsor is served by the Bertie County School
System. Table 15 provides a summary of the facilities and compari-
sons of 1986 and 1992 enrollments. From 1986 to 1992, enrollment
within the system remained fairly stable, increasing from 2,500 to
2,572. All facilities are modern and well maintained. Only the
Windsor Elementary School was over capacity.
Table 15;
Public School
Facilities
Serving
Town of Windsor
Pupil/
Teacher
Grade
Year
Ca aci[
Enrollment
Allotment
Ratio
Tau ht�
Built
School
5�8 9
TTFr 7
IT �
ITrr _4�
1986 1992
Bertie High School
1350 1200
1180 1244
83 81
1/14 1/15
9-12 9-12
1962
Southwestern
1005 800
95B 814
53 46
1/18 1/18
K-8 5-8
1962
Middle School
Windsor Elementary School
-- 500
-- 514
-- 30
-- 1/17
-- K-5
1991
Source. Bertie County School System, 1992.
I-31

Transportation
The town's road system is a major determinant of land use and
how effectively a community functions. Growth within Windsor and
its planning jurisdiction has been moderate and has not exceeded
the carrying capacity of the town's highway and street system. The
major components of the town's transportation system include the
following:
Principal Arterials: Principal arterials are
those roads
'
intended to provide travel routes for through
traffic and
interconnect with minor arterials and major highway
roads
and systems. These include the following:
'
U.S. 13 North
U.S. 17 North
U.S. 13/17/South
U.S. 13 Bypass
U.S. 17 Bypass
King Street
Minor Arterials: Minor arterials also serve
through
traffic, but carry smaller volumes of traffic
and serve to
support the principal arterial system. These
include the
following:
Granville Street
Sterlingworth Street
Ghent Street
' Major Collectors: Major collectors are roads providing
long travel routes and which connect arterials and other
collectors. These include the following:
'
Watson Street
Elmo Street
Camden Street
Holfer Street
'
Wayland Street
Charles Street
'
York Street
Sutton Drive
Minor Collectors: Minor collectors are roads which provide
' for short and medium trips within the town, generally
moving traffic between neighborhoods. These include the
following:
' Blount Street
College Street
' Elm Street
Belmont Street
Barringer Street
I-32

The North Carolina Department of Transportation has taken
traffic counts at two locations within Windsor's planning juris-
diction. These include:
U.S. 13 North, 0.2 mi. south of S.R. 1227/1301 on
November 16, 1990 -- 5,700 vehicles per day
U.S. 17 North, 0.1 mi. south of N.C. 308 on
December 3, 1990 -- 9,200 vehicles per day
It should be noted that both counts were taken in fall or
winter months. Traffic is much heavier during the summer months
and the counts would be higher. However, for the counts provided,
neither road is at capacity.
The 1991-1997 Transportation Improvement Program includes
several improvements which will have a direct impact on Windsor and
improve the town's regional accessibility. The most important is
the widening of the existing roadway to a multi -lane facility on
U.S. 13 from the Windsor Bypass north to Powellsville. This
project will include construction of the missing link of the
Windsor Bypass. A second improvement of regional significance will
be the construction of a four -lane divided freeway for U.S. 17 on a
new location extending from .6 mile south of the Martin County line
to U.S. 17 south of Chocowinity at N.C. 102. This project will
significantly improve Windsor's access to central and southeastern
eastern North Carolina.
The following summarizes the most significant transportation
problems in Windsor's planning jurisdiction:
-- A section of the Windsor Bypass for U.S. 13 continues to
remain a two-lane section.
-- Traffic and congestion continue to increase on U.S. 17
North. The problem is particularly serious during summer
months.
-- Congestion occasionally exists in the Central Business
District on King and Granville Streets. The congestion
focuses on the King Street/Granville Street intersection.
-- As mentioned in the drainage section, flooding occasionally
occurs on King Street and Sutton Drive. This flooding is
disruptive to normal traffic flow.
-- The town has 19.18 miles of town maintained streets.
However, 3.28 miles remain unpaved and 1.99 miles have
gravel surface.
I-33

Police
The Town of Windsor maintains a well trained police department
which is composed of a chief, five full-time officers, and one
part-time officer. A total of six patrol cars are maintained. The
town's fiscal year 1991-1992 police department budget was $200,000.
This was the largest departmental budget except for the electric
department. All police department personnel undergo regular train-
ing, and the full-time officers are certified by the State of North
Carolina. The town believes that police protection is adequate to
serve its security and crime prevention needs. However, the 1991
Windsor Parking Study recommended that the town explore the feasi-
bility of hiring a "parking attendant" to ticket vehicles violating
parking restrictions.
Fire
Windsor has a volunteer fire department which includes 38
volunteer firemen. The town provides one paid fireman. Equipment
includes the following:
2 pumper trucks (one 750000 gallon per minute,
one 1,060 gallon Per minute)
1 tanker truck (1,800 gallon capacity)
1 GMC van
Funding for the town -owned fire department operation is
primarily provided by the town. Some funding is also provided by
Bertie County. The fiscal year 91-92 budget was approximately
$60,000. All equipment and facilities are located in a modern
three-year old building located on North King Street. In 1992, the
town had an ISO rating of 5.
9. Emergency Services
Emergency medical services are provided by the Bertie County
Rescue Squad, Inc. The rescue squad has a total of 42 volunteer
members, all of whom are certified EMTs. Of that total, 19 serve
at a satellite facility in Askewville and 23 serve at the Windsor
facility. Windsor based equipment includes: two ambulances, one
crash truck, two boats, and an old 4-wheel drive military
ambulance. The annual budget is approximately $31,000. Most of
the funds are raised by the rescue squad through an annual radio
telethon. However, fund raising efforts have been supported
annually by contributions from both the town and the county.
10. Health Care
' Major health care facilities are provided by the Bertie
Memorial Hospital. The facility was originally constructed in
1954, and in 1992 was licensed for 49 beds. The 1992 staff con-
sists of four doctors, two physicians assistants, and 80 support
employees. Renovations were underway in 1992 to provide office
space for visiting specialists. In addition to the hospital, in
' 1992 there were three health care/nursing home facilities. These
were the Brian Center (100 beds), the Hallmark Center (85 beds),
and the Winston Park Rest Home (25 beds).
' I-34

11. Recreation
The Town of Windsor does not have a recreation director. The
town's recreation department is staffed with one full-time employee
who provides maintenance of the town's owned and/or maintained
facilities. These facilities include:
-- Freeman Hotel
-- Livermon Recreational Park and Mini -Zoo
-- Cashie River Park (privately owned)
-- Town of Windsor Campgrounds
-- Three tennis courts on Sutton Drive
-- Windsor Community Building
In the fall of 1991, the Bertie County YMCA was established.
The organization maintains offices on King Street in the Central
Business District. Organized activities including sports programs
are provided.
12. Electrical Distribution
Windsor owns and operates its own electrical distribution
system. The system serves 1,600 customers, located both in and
outside of town. Of that total, 1,150 are residential customers.
The system is modern and well maintained. There have not been any
problems with brownouts or power shortages. During 1992 to 1995,
the town planned to invest $200,000 to $300,000 in system improve-
ments. Emphasis will be placed on upgrading system substations.
As a result of the improvements, voltage will increase from 4 KV to
12.5 KV. The improvement will reduce line loss of electricity and
provide a more efficient electrical distribution system.
13. Administration
The Town of Windsor maintains a staff equivalent to 23 full-
time employees. The following provides staffing by department or
function:
Administration
3
Police
6%*
Public Buildings
1
Fire
1
Streets
2
Sanitation
3
Recreation and maintenance of
1
public facilities
Electric
2
Water
2
Sewer
1%*
*% indicates part-time employee.
These employees are well trained and considered to be
sufficient to serve the needs of the Town of Windsor and its
residents.
I-35

In addition to paid employees, the town relies on support from
a large number of volunteers who serve on boards and commissions.
Those boards and commissions include:
-- Windsor Planning Board
-- Windsor Board of Adjustment
-- Windsor Housing Corporation
-- Windsor Historic Properties Commission
-- Windsor Cemetery Committees (Edgewood & Hillcrest)
-- Windsor Beautification Committee
-- Windsor Horse Show Committee
-- Windsor Township Development Commission
9X

S. DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS: LAND SUITABILITY
1. Topography/Geology
The Windsor area is underl
and surficial* wells which top
obtains most of its potable wa
system is underlain by granite
250 feet to 600 feet below the
top the Cretaceous aquifer are
ain by the Cretaceous aquifer system
the Cretaceous system. Windsor
ter from the Cretaceous system. This
bedrock and is located approximately
surface. The surficial wells which
normally less than 500 feet deep.
Recharge of the aquifer is primarily provided by rainfall
within the Windsor region. Approximately 20% of the area's annual
precipitation enters the surficial aquifer. The major recharge
area is generally located west of Windsor in the vicinity of the
transition from the coastal plain to the Piedmont.
While the quality of water within the Cretaceous system varies
areally and vertically, the water is generally low in mineral
content and suitable for all municipal purposes.
During the 1980s, the Division of Environmental Management
Groundwater Section collected data and monitored water levels in
the region to determine groundwater conditions and the effects of
large withdrawals. It appears that large withdrawals, primarily in
Virginia, have resulted in some lowering of the water level.
However, water supplies have not been adversely affected and the
groundwater supply should continue to be adequate throughout the
planning period. Long-range monitoring of the groundwater supply
by the Town of Windsor, other local units of government within the
region, and the state will be crucial to ensuring the continuation
of an adequate water supply.
The topography in Windsor's planning jurisdiction is not a
constraint to development. There are low areas along the Cashie
River which are discussed in the Flood Hazard section. The lowest
areas are at or slightly below sea level. Other areas within
Windsor's jurisdiction are generally flat to gently rolling. Most
elevations within Windsor's jurisdiction are in the range of 10 to
20 feet above mean sea level.
Flood Hazard Areas
Approximately 25% of Windsor's planning jurisdiction is located
within the floodplain of the Cashie River and its tributaries. The
floodplain is divided into three distinct areas which include: the
100-year flood area, the 500-year flood area, and the floodway.
These areas, which are delineated on Map 4, are defined as
follows:
100-year Flood -- These are floods with a one
occurrence in any given year. However, this
not be interpreted literally, since floods do
*Groundwaters which are at or just below the surface.
percent chance of '
designation should
not occur in
I-37
II

1
t
1
1
1
I
t
1
1
Tho pnParatian of this mop wall financed
part In, U0 a grant Provided by the
North Caroana Coosfal Management
fiogram, throogn hods Provided by The
Coastal Zone Management Ad of 197Z
as amended. which Is admldatend by the
Office of Doom and Could Resource
Managemenl, National Cuomo and
Afmasphertc AdmWalratioe.
A
LEGEND
A 100-YEAR FLOOD BOIMDARy
8 500-YEAR FLOOD BOUNDARY
,F FLOOOVAY
A --A CROSS =nON LM
E
F
A
F
TrRS LINE
x UUNAVAILA9LE
A
A
A
NOTES TO USER
BOUNDARIES OF THE FLOODWAYS WERE COMPUTED AT CROSS
SECTIONSANDINTERPOLATEDBETWEENCAOSSSECTIONS. THE
FLOODWAYS WERE BASED ON HYDRAULIC CONSIDERATIONS WITH
REGARD TO RECUIREMENTS OF THE FEDERAL EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT AGENCY.
THIS MAP WAS PREPARED TO FACILITATE FLOW PLAIN
MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES ONLY; IT MAY NOT SHOW ALL SPECIAL
FLOOD FEATURES
ACUTOAREAS SIDE OFIN THE THE FLOODM1111ALL PLAIN. REFER TO THE
URIC
LATEST OFFICIAL FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP FOR ANY
ADDITIONAL AREAS OF SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD,
THE
AY IS THE CHANNEL OF A STREAM. PLUS ANY
ADJACENT FUCCOPLAN AREAS THAT MUST BE KEPT FREE OF
ENCROACHMENT IN ORDER THAT THE tMYEAR FLOOD BE
CARRIED WITHOUT SUBBTANTML INCREASES IN FLOOD HEIGHTS,
TOWN OF WINDSOR
FLOOD HAZARD MAP
HAP 4
ca . e0P .ace
Goxt aYl --�
I-38

I
' predictable cycles. Another way to express flood probability
is to say that a 100-year flood has a 26 percent chance of
occurring during the life of a 30-year mortgage.
500-year Flood -- This is the flood level likely to be equaled
or exceeded every 500 years. As with the 100-year flood, the
' percentage of occurrence in any given year is difficult to
predict or calculate.
' Floodway -- The channel of a river or other watercourse and the
adjacent land areas that must be reserved in order to discharge
the base flood without cumulatively increasing the water
surface elevation more than a designated height.
' Of Windsor's total floodplain area, approximately 25 percent is
in the Cashie River floodway, 10 percent is in the 500-year flood -
plain, and approximately 65 percent is in the 100-year floodplain.
The following provides a summary of structures located in the
100-year floodplain, 500-year floodplain, and the floodway:
' 100-Yr. 500-Yr. Floodway Total
Residential Structures 88 39 1 128
' Non -Residential Structures 52 .6 0 58
Total 140 45 1 186
' It should be noted that of the town's total of 1,110 dwelling
units located within the corporate limits and the extraterritorial
jurisdiction, only 128, or 11.5%, are located in areas subject to
flooding. Of the town's total 174 non-residential structures, 33%
' are located in areas subject to flooding.
The Town of Windsor participates in the Federal Emergency
' Management Flood Program. The current National Flood Insurance
Rate Maps were revised on August 19, 1985.
3. Soils
A detailed Soils Survey for Bertie County was published by the
United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service
in June, 1990. The survey identified 30 different soil associ-
ations which are located within Windsor and its extraterritorial
jurisdiction. Thirteen (13) of those associations have severe
wetness conditions for construction, and six are considered hydric
soils. The soils are delineated on Map 5. The hydric soils will
be discussed in the section dealing with 404 wetlands. The soils
exhibiting severe wetness conditions occupy approximately 50% of
Windsor's corporate and extraterritorial jurisdiction area. The
soils exhibiting the best conditions for construction are indicated
on the soils map and are concentrated in Windsor's corporate
limits, west of town and northeast of town. Many of the areas
exhibiting the best conditions for construction are also prime farm
lands. The prime farm lands are indicated on Map 6, Fragile
Areas.
E=V]

1
1
1
1
1
THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN PART
THROUGH A GRANT PROVIDED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA
COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM. THROUGH FUNDS
PROVIDED BY THE COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT OF
1972. AS AMENDED. WHICH IS ADMINISTERED BY THE
OFFICE OF OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION.
404WETLANDS: ALL404WETLANDAREASARE
CONSIDERED FRAGILE AREAS. HOWEVER
BECAUSE OF MAP SCALE. LOCATIONS CANNOT
BE DELINEATED. PRECISE LOCATIONS MUST
BE DETERMINED THROUGH ON -SITE ANALYSIS
AND VERIFICATION. FEDERAL 404 PERMT-
TING AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS SHALL
APPLY.
LEGEND
WINDSOR HISTORIC DISTRICT
FRAGILE PUBLIC LANDS _
CASHIE RIVER FLOOOWAY
PF PRIME FARMLAND
(Sea ods Mao Iw delu,ea
of SCSTd ypes)
PF
PF
PF t I
ea s .au wnp
PF
PF
1
PF
PF
O PF
PF
i;
F
0
TOWN OF WINDSOR
FRAGILE AREAS
MAP 6
v
PF PF
PF
l ,�\ PF G
PF
)PF
PF
PF
PF
PF-
U ?PF

/ LEGEND
e. L1 AtA Altavista
y4 AU Augusta
BB BB Bibb g
Bob Bonneau
\ / Ch Chewada
\ A A CnB Conetoe
CIA, CrB, CrC Craven
BB DgA, DgB, DgC Dogue
THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN PART DK DOrovan '1C
THROUGH A GRANT PROVIDED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA GOA Goldsboro
COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM. THROUGH FUNDS Dk L1 Leaf
PROVIDED BY THE COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT OF \`7
1972, AS AMENDED, WHICH IS ADMINISTERED BY THE ` WkB Ln Lenoir
OFFICE OF OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, rn N°A. NOB Norfolk
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION. �'"� Re Rains
Ro Roanoke
Se Seabrook
�.
vj1O Wk \ BB GrB TaB Tarboro
�•'• RO / •` r We Wah eUd ents
`� ..•'•� NoA Ro k CrA •- WE Wehadkee Wickham
.K
•�''� Gf n Au CrG-"•�•..^• WkA, WkB, WkC ckham
�..'' RO Cn5 Dk Dk Cr8 ,a . W1D WiWmB Wickham
.•'' 88 Wk G
Ki ToB Ch crA L^ "v �..-, -�, *Hydric Soils
ft
A \° Cn Dk P GTC
NoCrB G 9 Lin Ln y~ ""•`"
CnB Ro CA `' fG�0 k BO Lf CrB f CrB
r r8 rB
J WkBS k WI - e �aAu Cr8 �j f GtA L1 i
C% P CrB g W1kA Ro kB Gr Lf BB B
Ln
I T°B GrA In
` I rC � !
t`f°B W15 Cr Ln Cr Lf � ^
r ��� h., CrB CrA rG Lf
Au A- ° Lf
Ln GOA
)g AtA Ito Dk Cr
�AtA- g \• » ' '` f y,�r Ln i
c 1 �WmB Ok S
n
�l RO WkA D9A \. R d U Crt
n � i
%` WkB Ln •rCrA
yh \
%•N RO "�;�� AA Ok ' Ise Ln
—brB I w._•.,` Dg . '\
�.xD9A p- . Ro Wk '� WkBr" ,� Dk $e IGnB C Lf
- Q m Se �C N
�'•.� VJk WkB 3 0 Ud Sa CrB \' i
Dig Cn VikA. AtA Ro
Ln WkB
D A W C
R Ro we ° e Ln !TOWN OF WINDSOR
Dk G7 Cr L l.� SOILS MAP
W°
Wk 1 Dk \p CrC CrB MAP 5
Ro W Vk a Ro Ln Lf
WE
Ln
CrB — I
Al gJkB CrB CrA CrB
-. a AtA_��._ _ _._ -y._. _._._
�•` D9B D9_B__. WkB WI I-40

Table 16 (attached) provides a summary of the characteristics
of the soil types located within Windsor's planning jurisdiction.
4. Man-made Hazards/Restrictions
There are no significant man-made hazards located within
Windsor or its extraterritorial jurisdiction. The greatest concen-
trations of hazardous materials are the storage of gasoline and
fuel oil. These occur at the following locations: Ferrell Gas
(L.P. gas storage)/York Street; Eastern Fuels Company/S. King
Street; Davenport Oil Company/U.S. 13/17 South; Spruill Oil
Company/U.S. 17 South; Town of Windsor underground storage tanks at
the town's equipment shed/York Street; and Town of Windsor under-
ground storage tanks at the town's utility warehouse/ Water Street.
Eastern Fuels and Ferrell Gas are the only facilities which are
located in residential areas.
In addition to fuel storage, chemicals and pesticides are
stored and sold at Cardinal Chemical and GA-Ag which are located
south of Windsor on Route 4; Bell Brothers, located on U.S. 13
Bypass; and Powell and Stokes, located on U.S. 13 North. Other
man-made hazards are limited to the storage of small amounts of
gasoline and kerosene at retail outlets.
5. Fragile Areas
Subchapter 7H of Chapter 15A of the North Carolina Administra-
tive Code (15A NCAC 7H) provides the state's definition of areas of
environmental concern (AECs). Those areas include coastal wet-
lands, ocean hazard areas, estuarine shorelines, inlet hazard
'
areas, public trust waters, coastal complex natural areas, coastal
areas sustaining remnant species, significant coastal archaeo-
logical resources, and significant coastal historic architectural
resources.
'
There is only one 15A NCAC 7H AEC located within Windsor's
jurisdiction. The Cashie River is designated as public trust
'
waters.
There are significant non -AEC fragile areas located within
Windsor's jurisdiction. These include: 404 wetlands, prime farm-
'
lands, Cashie River floodway, and the Windsor Historic District.
These areas are delineated on Map 6, Fragile Areas.
a) 404 Wetlands
404 wetlands are areas covered by water or that have water-
logged soils for long periods during the growing season. Plants
growing in wetlands are capable of living in soils lacking oxygen
for at least part of the growing season. Some wetlands, such as
' swamps, are obvious. Others are sometimes difficult to identify
because they may be dry during part of the year. Wetlands include,
but are not limited to, bottomlands, forests, swamps, pocosins,
pine savannahs, bogs, marshes, and wet meadows.
I-42

Soil Name and
Map Symbol
Ata, Altavista
Au - Augusta
BB - Bibb
BoB - Bonneau
BoC - Bonneau
Ch - Chewacla
CnB - Conetoe
CIA, CrB - Craven
CrC - Craven
DgA - Dogue
Dwellings
Without
Basements
Moderate:
wetness
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
flooding,
wetness
Slight
Moderate:
slope
Severe:
flooding,
wetness
Slight
Moderate:
wetness,
shrink -swell
Moderate:
wetness,
shrink -swell
Moderate:
wetness,
shrink -swell
Dwellings
With
Basements
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
flooding,
wetness
Moderate:
wetness,
slope
Moderate:
wetness
Severe:
flooding,
wetness
Slight
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
wetness
Table 16
Soil Features
Town of Windsor
Small
Commercial
Buildings
Moderate:
wetness
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
flooding,
wetness
Slight
Severe:
slope
Severe•
flooding,
wetness
Slight
Moderate:
wetness,
shrink -swell
Moderate:
wetness,
shrink -swell,
slope
Moderate:
wetness,
shrink -swell
Local Roads
and Streets
Moderate:
wetness,
low strength
Moderate:
low strength,
wetness
Severe:
wetness,
flooding
Slight
Moderate:
slope
Severe:
low strength,
wetness,
flooding
Slight
Severe:
low strength
Severe:
low strength
Severe:
low strength
Septic Tank
Absorption
Fields
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
flooding,
wetness
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
flooding,
wetness
Slight
Severe:
wetness,
perks slowly
Severe:
wetness,
perks slowly
Severe:
wetness,
perks slowly
Sewage Lagoon
Areas
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
flooding,
wetness
Severe:
seepage
Severe:
seepage,
slope
Severe:
flooding,
wetness
Severe:
seepage
Moderate:
seepage
Moderate:
slope,
seepage
Severe:
seepage,
wetness

Table 16 (Cont'd.)
Soil Name and
Map Symbol
DgB - Dogue
DgC - Dogue
Dk - Dorovan
GoA - Goldsboro
Lf - Leaf
H
i
r
r
Ln - Lenoir
NoA - Norfolk
NoB - Norfolk
Ra - Rains
Ro - Roanoke
Dwellings Dwellings Small
Without With Commercial Local Roads
Basements Basements Buildings and Streets
Moderate:
wetness,
shrink -swell
Moderate:
wetness,
shrink -swell,
slope
Severe:
subsides,
flooding,
wetness
Moderate:
wetness
Severe:
wetness,
shrink -swell
Severe:
wetness
Slight
Slight
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
flooding,
wetness
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
subsides,
flooding,
wetness
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
wetness,
shrink -swell
Severe:
wetness
Moderate
wetness
Moderate:
wetness
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
flooding,
wetness
Moderate:
wetness,
shrink -swell,
slope
Severe:
slope
Severe:
subsides,
flooding,
wetness
Moderate:
wetness
Severe:
wetness,
shrink -swell
Severe:
wetness
Slight
Moderate:
slope
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
flooding,
wetness
Severe:
low strength
Severe:
low strength
Severe:
subsides,
wetness,
flooding
Moderate:
wetness
Severe:
shrink -swell,
low strength,
wetness
Severe:
low strength
Slight
Slight
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
low strength,
wetness,
flooding
Septic Tank
Absorption
Fields
Severe:
wetness,
perks slowly
Severe:
wetness,
perks slowly
Severe:
subsides,
flooding
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
wetness
peres slowly
Severe:
wetness
peres slowly
Moderate:
wetness,
peres slowly
Moderate:
wetness,
peres slowly
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
flooding,
wetness,
peres slowly
Sewage Lagoon
Areas
Severe:
seepage,
wetness
Severe:
seepage,
slope,
wetness
Severe:
subsides,
flooding
Severe:
wetness
Slight
Slight
Moderate:
seepage,
wetness
Moderate:
seepage,
wetness
Severe:
wetness
Severe:
seepage,
flooding

Table 16 (Cont'd.)
Dwellings Dwellings Small Septic Tank I
Soil Name and Without With Commercial Local Roads Absorption Sewage Lagoon
Map Symbol Basements Basements Buildings and Streets Fields Areas
Se - Seabrook
TaB - Tarboro
Ud - Udorthents
Wa - Wahee
WE - Wehadkee
WkA - Wickham
Moderate:
Severe:
Moderate:
Moderate:
Severe:
Severe:
wetness
wetness
wetness
wetness
wetness,
seepage,
poor filter
wetness
Slight
Slight
Slight
Slight
Severe:
Severe:
poor filter
seepage
-- - - - - -
- - - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- (Data not available)
--------
------- -
Severe:
Severe:
Severe:
Severe:
Severe:
Slight
wetness
wetness
wetness
low strength
wetness,
wetness
peres slowly
Severe:
Severe:
Severe:
Severe:
Severe:
Severe:
flooding,
flooding,
flooding,
wetness,
flooding,
flooding,
wetness
wetness
wetness
flooding,
wetness
wetness
low strength
Slight
Slight
Slight
Slight
Moderate:
Moderate:
�-+ WkB
- Wickham
Slight
Slight
Moderate:
F
slope
WkC
- Wickham
Moderate:
Moderate:
Severe:
slope
slope
slope
WmB
- Wickham
Slight
Slight
Moderate:
slope
WtD
- Winton
Moderate:
Severe:
Severe:
wetness,
wetness
slope
slope
peres slowly
Slight Moderate:
peres slowly
Moderate
slope
Slight
Moderate:
wetness,
slope
Moderate:
slope
peres slowly
Moderate:
peres slowly
Severe:
wetness,
peres slowly
seepage
Moderate:
seepage,
slope
Severe:
slope
Moderate:
seepage,
slope
Severe:
seepage,
slope,
wetness

While the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Washington office
has not done extensive wetlands analysis in Windsor's planning
jurisdiction, the location of hydric soils is a good indication of
areas having a high probability of being classified as 404 wetlands
areas. Those hydric soils are located on Map 4, Soils Map, and
include the following soils series: Bibb, Dorovan, Leaf, Rains,
Roanoke, and Wehadkee. Table 17 (attached) provides a summary of
the characteristics of each soil. The reader is cautioned that
precise determinations of 404 wetland areas must be made through
"in -field" site analysis by a representative of the U. S. Army
Corps of Engineers' Washington office. Because of the extensive
areas of hydric soils in Windsor's planning jurisdiction, public
and private development should only be undertaken after an on -site
investigation for 404 wetland areas has been conducted by the U. S.
Army Corps of Engineers Washington office.
Normally, specific in -field wetlands determinationwill be
based on the following criteria: 404 wetlands are generally agreed
to exist if: (1) the vegetation is hydrophytic, (2) the soil is
hydric, and (3) the hydrology is wetland; i.e., inundated. (See
Federal Manual for Identifying Jurisdictional wetlands, January 10,
1989, as adopted by USFWS, EPA, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and
the U.S. Soil and Conservation Service, Part II.) Simultaneous to
the preparation of this plan, amendments to the federal definition
of wetlands were being considered which reduce the areas afforded
protection under the wetlands legislation. Those areas known as
"non-splashable" wetlands, which include pine forests, meadows, and
brushy areas where water lies just below the surface, could be
eliminated from 404 regulation. This change may increase the areas
of Windsor's planning jurisdiction which could be considered to
have development potential.
Wetlands are a significant natural resource because they
provide recharge areas for groundwater; serve as filter traps for
sediment, pesticides and other pollutants; provide non-structural
flood control; buffer against shoreline erosion; serve as buffer
zones between upland activities and valuable aquatic systems; and
provide habitats for numerous furbearing animals, endangered
species, and other wildlife.
b) Slopes in Excess of 12%
There are not any slopes located within Windsor's planning
jurisdiction.
c) Excessive Erosion Areas
There are not any excessive erosion areas within Windsor's
planning jurisdiction.
d) Historic and Archaeological Sites
Windsor includes numerous historically significant sites.
One of the town's most important assets is the Windsor Historic
District which was approved for entry into the National Register of
I-46

Table 17
Town of Windsow
Hydric Soils
of s. TO� m_l.l- I 41 nnA1 nn
Series
Drainage
Class*
-� ----
- ---
Months
Depth
Frequency
Duration
Months
Bibb
P
0.5-1.5
Dec -Apr
Common
Brief -Long
Dec -May
Dorovan
VP
+1 -0.5
Jan -Dec
None -Common
Very Long
Jan -Dec
Leaf
P
0.5-1.5
Jan -Apr
None -Common
Brief
Jan -Apr
Rains
P
0 -1.0
Nov -Apr
None
Roanoke
P
0 -1.0
Nov -May
None -Frequent
Brief
Nov -Jun
Roanoke,
Ponded
P
+3 - 0
Oct -Jul
Frequent
Very Long
Oct -Jul
Wehadkee
P
0 -1.0
Nov-Mav
Common
Brief
Nov -Jun
* P/Poor
VP/Very Poor
M

' Historic Places on July 29, 1991. The district, described in
detail on pages I-17 and I-18, is primarily located in Windsor's
Central Business District. The specific boundaries are located on
Map 3. The district contains a total of 149 structures, most of
which have some historical significance.
' Within the Historic District, all properties are coded by
letter as to their relative value within the district. The assess-
ments are coded on Map 3. The following provides definitions of
the codes:
C - Contributing: A building, site, structure or object
which adds to the historic associations, or architectural
qualities, or archaeological values of the historic
district because a) it was present during the period of
significance and possesses historic integrity reflecting
its character at that time, or is capable of yielding
important information about the period, or b) it
independently meets the National Register criteria.
N - Noncontributing: A building, site, structure or object
which does not add to the historic associations or archae-
ological values of the historic district because a) it was
not present during the period of significance; b) due to
alterations, disturbances, additions or other changes, it
no longer possesses historic integrity reflecting its
character at that time, or is incapable of yielding
important information about the period.
In addition to the Historic District, the following
structures are of architectural or historic interest, and are
either specifically listed in the National Register or on the State
Study List for nomination to the National Register:
Registered Historic Places in Windsor Area
NATIONAL REGISTER
Bertie County Courthouse, Windsor
Elmwood (Watson-Mardre House), Windsor vicinity
Freeman Hotel, Windsor
Hope Plantation, Windsor vicinity
Jordan House, Windsor vicinity
King House, Windsor vicinity
Rosefield, Windsor
Windsor Historic District, Windsor
STATE STUDY LIST
Bond -Haste House, N side NC 308, .4 mi. N Bypass 13
Mizelle House, SW corner of King and Pitt Streets

Other Places of Architectural/Historic Interest
Cashie Project, east of S.R. 1301, bordering Hoggard Mill Creek
Early House, 402 S. Queen Street
J. B. Gillam House, 401 King Street
Gillam House, 103 Pitt Street
Gray-Gillam House, King Street
Thomas Bond House, north side of N.C.
Mardre House, 108 S. King Street
Freeman-Mizelle-Jadlock House, 101 W.
Pierce House, 304 N. King Street
308 north of Bypass 13
Granville Street
St. Thomas Episcopal Church, 207 W. Gray Street
Spellings -Bond -Sutton House, 402 S. King Street
Sutton-Hoggard House, 302 S. King Street
Windsor Castle, W end of Winston Lane
House, 206 S. King Street
Webb -Askew House, 308 S. King Street
Matthews House, 204 S. King Street
Jeremiah Bunch House, S side SR 1225,
mi. dirt lane
.75 mi. N Jct. SR 1257,
Dr. Henry Vaughan Dunstan's Office, King Street
Bertie County Courthouse, King Street & Dundee Street
Tessie Mizelle House, N side Sr 1100 at Jct. SR 1102.
Heckstall House, W side Jct. SR 1100 & SR 1101
Watson -Madre House (Elmwood), W side Sr 1101, .5 mi. S of
Jct. w/NC 308
Wolfenden-Hoggard House, SE corner Jct. SR 1300 & SR 1301
Carter -Mitchell -Cobb House, N. King Street
Cherry House, York Street
Dail House, 313 King Street
Bowen House, 102 Queen Street
John Watson -Carter House, west side of U.S. 13 Bypass (North King
Street)
In addition to the historic sites, there may be archaeolog-
ically significant sites scattered throughout Windsor's planning
jurisdiction. In particular, the Windsor area is considered an
ancient Indian habitat. All construction activity should be
coordinated with the Department of Cultural Resources to ensure
that important sites are not damaged or destroyed.
e) Public Trust Areas
Public trust areas are all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and
the lands thereunder from the mean high water mark to the seaward
limit of state jurisdiction; all natural bodies of water subject to
measurable lunar tides and lands thereunder to the mean high water
mark; all navigable natural bodies of water and lands thereunder to
the mean high water level or mean water level as the case may be,
except privately -owned lakes to which the public has no right of
access; all water in artificially created bodies of water contain-
ing significant public fishing resources or other public resources
which are accessible to the public by navigation from bodies of
water in which the public has rights of navigation; and all waters
in artificially created bodies of water in which the public has
acquired rights by prescription, custom, usage, dedication, or any
I-49

other means. In determining whether the public has acquired rights
in artificially created bodies of water, the following factors
shall be considered:
(1) the use of the body of water by the public,
(2) the length of time the public has used the area,
(3) the value of public resources in the body of water,
(4) whether the public resources in the body of water are
mobile to the extent that they can move into natural
bodies of water,
(5) whether the creation of the artificial body of water
required permission from the state, and
(6) the value of the body of water to the public for
navigation from one public area to another public
area.
These areas are significant because the public has rights
in these areas, including navigation and recreation. The public
trust areas also support valuable commercial and sports fisheries,
have aesthetic value, and are important resources for economic
development. Within Windsor's planning jurisdiction, the waters of
the Cashie River are considered to be public trust areas.
The following defines the minimum use standards for public
trust areas as set forth in 15A NCAC 7H.0207(c) and (d):
"(c) Management Objective: To protect public rights for
navigation and recreation and to preserve and manage the public
trust areas so as to safeguard and perpetuate their biological,
economic and aesthetic value."
"(d) Use Standards. Acceptable uses shall be those con-
sistent with the management objectives in (c) of this Rule. In the
absence of overriding public benefit, any use which significantly
interferes with the public right of navigation or other public
trust rights which the public may be found to have in these areas
shall not be allowed. The development of navigational channels or
drainage ditches, the use of bulkheads to prevent erosion, and the
building of piers, wharfs, or marinas are examples of uses that may
be acceptable within public trust areas, provided that such uses
will not be detrimental to the public trust rights and the
biological and physical functions of the estuary. Projects which
would directly or indirectly block or impair existing navigation
channels, increase shoreline erosion, deposit spoils below mean
high tide, cause adverse water circulation patterns, violate water
quality standards, or cause degradation of shellfish waters are
generally considered incompatible with the management policies of
public trust areas. In every instance, the particular location,
use, and design characteristics shall be in accord with the general
use standards for coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, and public
trust areas."
I-50

f) Cashie River Floodway and Hardwood Swamp
The Cashie River Floodway and Hardwood Swamp cover gener-
ally the same area. They occupy approximately 10% of Windsor's
planning jurisdiction. The floodway is described in detail in
Section F.2., Flood Hazard Areas. To ensure the proper discharge
of flood waters, it is crucial that the floodway be preserved in
its natural undeveloped state.
The swamp forests are a valuable natural resource and
animal habitat. The swamps were recognized in the 1986 plan as a
valuable fragile area. While this area is not recognized as a
15A NCAC 7H AEC, it is important to the environmental integrity of
the Cashie River. Primary responsibility for protection of the
swamps rests with the 404 wetlands regulatory process. In addition
to the physical significance of this area, the swamp forests
provide a valuable open space area adjacent to developed areas of
Windsor.
6. Areas of Resource Potential
The 15A NCAC 7B land use planning guidelines require that areas
with resource potential be identified and discussed. Those areas
are described by 7B as follows:
"Areas with resource potential, including: productive and
unique agricultural lands; potentially valuable mineral sites;
publicly owned forests, parks, fish and gamelands, and other
non -intensive outdoor recreation lands; privately owned
wildlife sanctuaries. Prime farmland shall be identified
consistent with the Governor's Executive Order Number 96
promoting interagency coordination toward prime farmland
preservation."
a) Prime Farmlands
The prime farmlands within Windsor's planning jurisdiction
are delineated on the Fragile Areas Map, Map 6. The soils include
Altavista fine sandy loam (AtA), Augusta fine sandy loam (Au),
Craven fine sandy loam (CrA), Craven fine sandy loam (CrB), Dogue
sandy loam (DgA), Dogue sandy loam (DgB), Goldsboro sandy loam
(GoA), Leaf loam (Lf), Norfolk sandy loam (NOA), Norfolk sandy loam
(NOB), and Rains sandy loam (Ra).
The following excerpt from the Soil Survey of Bertie
County, North Carolina, provides an excellent explanation of prime
farmlands:
"Prime farmland is one of several kinds of important farm-
land defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. It is
of major importance in meeting the nation's short and long-
range needs for food and fiber. The acreage of high -
quality farmland is limited, and the U.S. Department of
I-51

Agriculture recognizes that government at local, state, and
federal levels, as well as individuals, must encourage and
facilitate the wise use of our nation's prime farmland.
"Prime farmland soils, as defined by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture, are soils that are best suited to food, feed,
forage, fiber, and oilseed crops. Such soils have proper-
ties that favor the economic production of sustained high
yields of crops. The soils need only to be treated and
managed by acceptable farming methods. The moisture supply
must be adequate, and the growing season has to be suffi-
ciently long. Prime farmland soils produce the highest
yields with minimal expenditure of energy and economic
resources. Farming these soils result in the least damage
to the environment.
"Prime farmland soils may presently be used as cropland,
pasture, or woodland or for other purposes. They are used
for food or fiber or are available for these uses. Urban
or built-up land, public land, and water areas cannot be
considered prime farmland. Urban or built-up land is any
contiguous unit of land 10 acres or more in size that is
used for such purposes as housing, industrial, and commer-
cial sites, sites for institutions or public buildings,
small parks, golf courses, cemeteries, railroad yards,
airports, sanitary landfills, sewage treatment plants, and
water control structures. Public land is land not avail-
able for farming in national forests, national parks,
military reservations, and state parks.
"Prime farmland soils usually receive an adequate and
dependable supply of moisture from precipitation or irriga-
tion. The temperature and growing season are favorable.
The acidity of alkalinity level of the soils is acceptable.
he soils have few or no rocks and are permeable to water
and air. They are not excessively erodible or saturated
with water for long periods and are not subject to frequent
flooding during the growing season. The slope ranges
mainly from 0 to 6 percent."
The 1986 Windsor land use plan included the following
policies addressing prime farmlands:
111. Town will not encourage preservation of "prime"
agricultural soils.
112. Encourage owners of those tracts and other areas under
cultivation to implement the Best Management
Practices.
"3. Allow development providing it is in concert with the
permitted land uses in the zoning ordinance."
I-52

b) Forestlands
There are extensive forestlands within Windsor's planning
jurisdiction which are commercially significant. Fifty to 60
percent of the town's planning jurisdiction is forested with
approximately 10 percent located within the town's corporate
limits. The majority of the forestlands are owned by industry for
the supply of wood to area pulp mills. The 1986 plan expressed the
concern that extensive clearing of these lands could create
"aesthetic" problems. In addition, extensive clearing could result
in erosion and surface water pollution problems. In 1992, the
majority of the forestlands were in growth. No land use compati-
bility problems exist between the forestlands and other land uses.
In fact, the forest areas serve to protect the quality of adjacent
land uses.
c) Public Parks
Windsor contains several valuable park areas. The most
significant is the Livermon Recreational Park and Mini -Zoo. The
park includes picnic tables, shelters, playground equipment and a
ZOO. Schools and youth organizations within the region regularly
visit the facility. The town also owns the Windsor Campground and
aids in maintaining the Cashie River Park. Both are cultural and
aesthetic assets to the town.
d) Marine Resources
Because Windsor is an upland community, there are no marine '
resource areas or issues.
e) Peat/Phosphate Mining '
As indicated in the 1986 land use plan, peat or phosphate
mining within the Windsor area should not be an issue. The follow- '
ing is an excerpt from the 1986 plan which clearly defines the
significance of peat and phosphate to the Windsor area:
"According to Dr. Lee Otte, an East Carolina University '
Professor who is recognized as being the foremost expert on
the location and mining resource potential of peat and
phosphate deposits in the state, the deposits in the
Windsor area are not rich enough to be mined. This does
not preclude, however, the possibility of developing an
energy -generating facility for the peat resources." '
1
I
I-53

I
1 A
1
1
II
II
SECTION II: PROJECTED LAND DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
PROJECTED DEMAND FOR
1. Demographic Trends
Table 18
provides
the estimated population for
Windsor,
Bertie
County, and
North Carolina through 2010.
Table 18
Town of Windsor,
Bertie County and North
Carolina
Population Projections
1990
1995 Change 2000
Change
2010
Change
Town of Windsor-
2,056
2,036 -1.0% 2,016
-1.0%
2,016
0
Bertie County'*
20,388
21,162 +3.8% 21,079
-.39%
20,696
-1.8%
North Carolina--
6,613,391
_6,949,786 +5.1% 7,260,748
+4.5%
7,775,979
+7.1%
Sources: -Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
-*North Carolina Office of State Budget and Management, Management and
Information Services.
Throughout the planning period and to 2010, the Windsor
population is expected to remain nearly constant. Simultaneously,
the Bertie County population will decrease slightly, continuing
the trend of the 1980s. The decline projected for both the town
and county is contrary to the statewide North Carolina population
forecasts which show an increasing rate of growth through 2010.
Table 19 provides a forecast of projected population by age
group for Bertie County and Windsor for 2010. It is expected that
'
the distribution of age groups within Windsor will be similar to
that within the county. As in the 1980s and 1990s, approximately
25 to 30 percent of the town's population will continue to be
concentrated in the 20 to 44-year old age group, the primary
childbearing ages. In addition, approximately 20 percent of the
population will be in the 20 and under age group. Thus, the
population will be sufficiently dispersed in younger age groups to
replenish itself through 2010.
Table 19
Torn of Windsor Ta and Bert is County
'
Population By Age Groups - 2010
Under Over
5 \ 5-14 \ 1549 % 25-39 \ 75-99 \ 95-54 \ 55-64 \ 65 \
'
Town of -- -- --- -- -- --
Windsor 105 5.21 246 12.2% 234 11.6% 216 10.7% 260 12.9% 334 16.6% 280 13.9% 341 16.9%
Bertle
County 1064 5.2% 2529 12.2\ 2420 11.6% 2223 10.7% 2671 12.9% 3429 16.6% 2969 13.9% 3492 16.9%
Sources: 'Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
"'North Carolina Office of State Budget and Management, Management and
Information Services.
II
II
II

There will not be any seasonal fluctuations in Windsor's
population. Neither tourism nor employment will have any impact on
Windsor's population.
Annexation could impact Windsor's population, resulting in
growth during the planning period. However, the town does not have
a comprehensive annexation plan. Any forecast of population
increases resulting from annexation would be pure speculation.
However, there are approximately 100 dwelling units located within
Windsor's extraterritorial jurisdiction which could be included
within annexations. It is estimated that annexation of all of
those units would increase Windsor's population by 250 to 400
people. The town considers its services adequate to accommodate
that amount of population growth.
2. Commercial and Industrial Land Use
Both commercial and industrial development will occur gradually
during the next five to ten year period. Commercial emphasis will
be placed on renovating and improving the Windsor central business
district and historic district. However, in 1992, a shopping
center was constructed on U.S. 13 which included a Food Lion,
Pittman Pharmacy, and several specialty shops. industrial
development will be encouraged to concentrate in the Windsor
Industrial Park which is owned by Bertie County.
The following summarizes the factors which should influence
commercial and industrial growth in Windsor:
-- Windsor will continue to provide sound infrastructure
including water, sewer and electrical service.
-- Windsor will continue to have good regional accessibility,
especially highway access.
-- Windsor's efforts to protect the central business district
will continue. The town will pursue all sources of funding
to support revitalization efforts.
-- Windsor will tightly control any increases in industrial
zoning within the town limits.
-- Windsor will pursue an active annexation policy and exten-
sion of utilities into the extraterritorial jurisdiction
area.
As commercial and industrial development occurs within the
town's extraterritorial area, caution must be taken to ensure that
strip commercialization and/or industrialization does not occur
along the major traffic arteries leading into Windsor. Also,
zoning should be relied upon to keep commercial and industrial
development from infringing on established and developing residen-
tial areas.
II-2

In order to support pulp and other timber -dependent industries,
Windsor should protect its commercial forest resources. This may
be accomplished through the zoning ordinance by prohibiting devel-
opment from infringing on commercial forest lands.
In summary, no major changes are expected to occur in either
commercial or industrial land uses. The town will continue to be a
service center for Bertie County and the surrounding area.
3. Housing Trends
Since 1986, very little residential development has occurred in
Windsor and its extraterritorial jurisdiction. In fact, only 30
residential building permits were issued during the last five
years. Through the planning period, a decrease in Windsor's total
population is forecast. Thus, population growth will not necessi-
tate new housing starts. The Windsor housing stock is in extremely
good condition with only 5.4% of the total housing considered to be
either severely deteriorated or dilapidated. New housing construc-
tion will not be a factor in Windsor's economy.
No major residential land use changes are expected to occur.
The major concerns will be preservation of the existing housing
inventory and protection of established residential areas from
conflicting land uses.
The Windsor Housing Corporation will continue to develop new
housing for sale to low -to -moderate income families and individ-
uals. In 1992, the last of the first four houses built by the
corporation was sold. The corporation's income from the sale of
the four houses was used to establish a fund for the construction
of additional low -to -moderate income housing. It is anticipated
that through the planning period the corporation will be able to
construct two dwelling units per year. This modest residential
increase will not have any significant impact on Windsor's total
housing inventory. However, the effort will increase housing
opportunities for the economically disadvantaged.
'
4. Public Land Use
Public land use is not expected to change substantially during
'
the planning period. No significant construction or land acqui-
sition is anticipated. The town will continue to maintain and
improve its existing public facilities. In particular, the town
will focus on improving the quality of its infrastructure systems
'
which include water, sewer, and electric services. (See Section
II.B. Projected Public Facilities Needs/Availability.)
'
5. Areas Likely to Experience Major Land Use Changes
The town has an established zoning ordinance controlling incom-
patible land uses. The town has had an effective planning program
which regulates development and land use. No major changes in the
existing patterns of land use are expected to occur throughout the
II-3

planning period. Existing vacant land will gradually continue to
be developed. However, the development should be consistent with
existing land use patterns. It is expected that commercial devel-
opment will continue to gradually occur along the U.S. 13 Bypass
and industrial development will slowly occur within the industrial
park. These will be the most visible changes in land use expected
to occur within the planning period.
6. Summary
There are no major physical obstacles to growth within Windsor.
The slow or no growth which is projected is reflective of the
regional economy. Windsor is positioned as a service center in an
agricultural/forestry region. While the development of a major
industry would have great impact on Windsor's growth and economy,
the area -wide and regional competition for such industrial develop-
ment will be great. Windsor must strive to position itself to
attract and support such industrial development.
The following summarizes the key issues which will confront
Windsor during the planning period:
-- Windsor should continue to support preservation and
renovation of the central business district and historic
district.
-- Windsor will continue an aggressive annexation policy.
-- Windsor will continue to preserve all local and area -wide
historic properties as both cultural and economic
resources.
-- Windsor will continue to extend water and sewer utilities
into the extraterritorial jurisdiction.
-- Windsor will support Department of Transportation improve-
ments to regional highways including: U.S. 13, U.S. 17,
and improvements to lessen congestion in the Windsor
central business district.
-- Windsor will continue to enforce its minimum housing code
to ensure that its housing inventory remains in standard
condition.
-- Windsor will continue to protect the Cashie River floodway
and hardwood swamp areas. Development should not be
allowed.
-- Windsor will support improvements to the Bertie County
School System facilities to ensure that capacity meets or
exceeds enrollment.
-- Windsor will continue to support the location of industry
in the Windsor industrial park.
II-4

' -- Windsor will continue to utilize the town's zoning
ordinance to prohibit or control strip commercialization
along highways connecting to Windsor.
B. PROJECTED PUBLIC FACILITIES NEEDS/AVAILABILITY
Windsor's public facilities needs during the planning period will
be the result of eliminating existing public facilities needs and
deficiencies. Growth is not expected to provide a demand for
expanded public facilities and services.
The major public facilities need facing the town will be providing
an alternative to the surface discharge into Broad Branch Creek
which is a "zero flow" stream. Windsor's NPDES permit (renewed in
May, 1990) required as a condition of the permit that the town
conduct a study of alternative(s) to the Broad Branch Creek surface
discharge. The study was completed by the town's engineer in May,
1991. The study considered both land application and relocation of
the sewer outfall from Broad Branch Creek to the Cashie River.
Because of the cost of a land application system, the report recom-
mended relocation of the outfall to the Cashie River. The town
supports this recommendation and requested the Division of Environ-
mental Management to provide a determination of effluent limita-
tions required for discharge into the Cashie River. The proposed
outfall would be located on the west bank of the Cashie River
northeast of the existing sewage treatment plant.
Other public facilities needs and issues will include the
following:
-- Windsor will support efforts by Bertie County to participate in
the construction of a regional landfill
-- Windsor will pursue development of a town -wide stormwater
drainage plan. CAMA funding will be requested to aid in
financing the preparation of the plan.
-- Windsor will upgrade its electrical distribution system to
improve system substations and to provide a more efficient
electrical distribution system. Improvements should cost
$200,000 to $300,000.
The Town of Windsor does not expect any significant problems with
its water supply and distribution system. Windsor considers its
police, fire, emergency, recreation and administrative services to
be adequate. No construction projects related to the provision of
those services are anticipated.
C. REDEVELOPMENT ISSUES
The most significant redevelopment issue facing the Town of Windsor
is the preservation and renovation of structures within the town's
central business district and historic district. As explained in
II-5

the existing land use section, the central business district has a
large number of deteriorated and vacant buildings. The area is the
"heart" of Windsor and reflects the town's historical significance
as an area -wide retail and service center. To support central
business district redevelopment, the town will accomplish the
following:
-- Support the Windsor Historic Properties Commission's efforts to
preserve the Windsor Historic District.
-- Strictly support town building codes to require that commercial
properties be maintained in standard condition.
-- Consider revisions to the Windsor zoning ordinance to provide
more flexibility for usage in the central business district,
including consideration of residential usage.
-- Support the recommendations of the Windsor Parking Study
(April, 1991) which was prepared to develop parking management
strategies for the central business district.
-- Pursue all available sources of state and federal funding which
may be available to assist in both public and private improve-
ments within the central business district.
-- Consider participation in the North Carolina Main Street
Program.
There are no significant residential redevelopment issues. In
fiscal year 1991, the town was implementing a CDBG revitalization
project which eliminated almost all of the town's substandard
housing. Remaining substandard units will be improved through the
town's minimum housing code.
Windsor is not subject to major coastal storm damage. Convectional
storms and tornadoes pose a greater threat. However, some wind
damage could result from the inland movement of a major hurricane.
Only minor flood damage is expected from a hurricane. While storm
related damage is not a significant redevelopment issue, the town
will support the reconstruction of all storm destroyed structures
when reconstruction complies with all current local, state and
federal regulations and the policies contained in this plan.
D. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
This plan was submitted to Bertie County for review and comment
prior to certification by the Coastal Resources Commission. This
review was provided to help ensure consistency of this plan with
Bertie County's planning efforts. Intergovernmental coordination
and cooperation will continue through the ten-year planning period
This will be essential to accomplish effective planning for public
utilities, thoroughfare projects, community facilities, housing
needs, and environmental protection. The Windsor Board of
Commissioners and Planning Board will be responsible for ensuring
adequate coordination with Bertie County, the Mid -East Planning
Commission, and other government entities as may be required.
II-6

SECTION III: TOWN OF WINDSOR LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
The CAMA regulations require the establishment of a specific land
classification system to support the local government's policy
statements. This system should reflect developing land use
patterns within the town and provide a framework to be utilized by
Windsor to identify future land uses.
The 15A NCAC 7B requirements provide for the following land
classifications: developed, urban transition, limited transition,
community, rural, rural with services, and conservation. In
applying these classifications, Windsor should carefully consider
where and when various types of development should be encouraged.
Additionally, environmentally sensitive areas should be recognized
by the land classification system. Each applicable land classi-
fication must be represented on a land classification map.
The following land classifications are delineated on the Land
Classification Map and will apply in Windsor's jurisdiction:
Developed areas included in the developed land classification
are currently urban in character, with no or minimal undevel-
oped land remaining. Municipal types of services, with the
exception of central water and sewer service, are in place or
are expected to be provided within the next five to ten years.
Land uses include residential, commercial, public/semi-public,
and other urban land uses at the following densities which are
prescribed by 15A NCAC 7B:
500 dwelling units per square mile, or
three dwelling units per acre, or
where a majority of lots are 15,000 square feet or less.
In Windsor, the developed classification is subdivided into the
following sub -classifications:
' Developed Residential (DR) - These are areas where
electrical, police, fire, sanitation, recreation and other
municipal services are provided. The major land use is resi-
dential development. The maximum height for residential
structures is 35 feet. Specific densities in the various areas
of the town are dictated by the Windsor zoning ordinance.
For specific definitions of allowable uses within the various
land classifications and the locations of each zoning district,
the reader should refer to a current copy of the Windsor zoning
' ordinance and map. However, the following provides a summary
of the zoning districts which are allowed in the Developed
Residential category:

R-75 Residential District: The R-75 residential district is
established as a district in which the principal use of land
is for single-family dwellings, including manufactured
homes. It is intended that single-family manufactured homes
meeting specific standards may be placed on a lot that is
zoned R-75, and that the R-75 district shall provide an
opportunity for manufactured homes to be placed in a single-
family residential district as well as to provide an oppor-
tunity for alternative, affordable housing, subject to the
requirements set forth in the Windsor zoning ordinance. The
minimum required lot size is 7,500 square feet for one
single-family unit, with 3,000 square feet required for each
additional unit and 15,000 square feet for each additional
non-residential use.
R-10 Single and Two -Family Residential District: The R-10
residential district is established as a district in which
the principal use of land is single and two-family resi-
dences. The regulations of this district are intended to
discourage any use which, because of its character, would
substantially interfere with the development of single and
two-family residences in the district and would be detri-
mental to the quiet nature of the areas included within this
district. The minimum lot size for the first dwelling unit
is 10,000 square feet. The minimum lot area for the second
dwelling unit is 6,000 square feet.
R-7 Single and Two -Family Residential District: The R-7
residential district is established as a district in which
the principal use of land is for single and two-family
residences. The regulations are intended to discourage any
use which, because of its character, would interfere with
the residential nature of this district. The minimum
required lot size for the first dwelling unit is 7,000
square feet. The minimum required lot size for each addi-
tional dwelling unit is 3,000 square feet.
R-5 Single Residential District: The R-5 residential
district is established as a district in which the principal
use of land is for single-family dwellings. The regulations
of this district are designed primarily for the developed
residential area where dwellings exist on small lots
creating relatively high density neighborhoods. The minimum
lot size for each residential unit is 5,000 square feet.
The minimum lot size for permitted non-residential uses is
15,000 square feet.
Developed Commercial (DC) - These are areas where police,
fire, sanitation, recreation and other municipal services are
provided to support high density commercial development,
including office and institutional uses. The developed commer-
cial classification is concentrated in the following locations:
U.S. 13 Bypass, U.S. 13 North, the Central Business District,
U.S. 17 North, U.S. 13/17 South, and the Granville Street
Corridor.
III-2

1
Generally, the following uses are allowed in the developed
commercial category: retail stores, business offices, gas
stations, personal services, motels, religious institutions,
clubs, parking, restaurants, mortuaries, funeral homes, profes-
sional services, health care facilities and nursing homes,
banks or other financial institutions, schools and governmental
services, professional/administrative offices, and other
commercial uses upon the finding that such use is compatible
with those permitted and which will not be detrimental to other
uses within the district or to adjoining land uses. The
specific uses allowed in the developed commercial category and
the locations of each commercial/office-institutional use are
provided by the Windsor zoning ordinance and map.
The following provides a summary of each Windsor zoning
district which is included in the developed commercial land
classification:
0-I Office and Institutional District: The 0-I office and
institutional district is established as a district pri-
marily for institutional uses, office uses, and commercial
activities having only limited contact with the general
public, not involving the sale of merchandise at retail
except incidentally. The regulations of this district are
intended to encourage structures surrounded with ample open
spaces including that for yards and for off-street parking
and loading of vehicles. All residential lots should comply
with the R-7 dimensional requirements. For commercial uses,
the principal building and all accessory buildings shall not
exceed fifty (50) percent of the total lot area.
C-1 Central Commercial District: The central commercial
district is established as the centrally located trade and
commercial service area of the community. The regulations
of this district are designed to encourage the continued use
of land for community trade and commercial service uses, and
to permit a concentrated development of permitted uses while
maintaining a substantial relationship between the intensity
of land uses and the capacity of utilities and streets.
There are minimum dimensional requirements but not minimum
allowable yard sizes.
C-2 Highway Commercial District: The highway commercial
districts are generally located on major thoroughfares and
collector streets in the planning area. They are intended
to provide for personal services, and the retailing of
durable and convenience goods for the community. Because
these commercial uses are subject to public view and are
important to the economy of the area, they should have ample
parking, controlled traffic movement and suitable land-
scaping. The minimum lot size requirements dictate that the
principal building and all accessory buildings shall not
exceed fifty (50) percent of the total lot area.
III-3

I
Developed Manufacturing (DM) - The developed manufacturing
'
land classification includes all light and non -noxious indus-
trial land uses. All areas in Windsor and its extraterritorial
jurisdiction which are classified developed manufacturing are
zoned M-1 Industrial District. The M-1 industrial district is
'
established for those areas of the community where the princi-
pal use of land is for industrial and warehousing uses. These
uses, by their nature, may create some nuisance and are not
'
properly associated with residential, commercial and/or service
establishments. These uses normally seek outlying locations on
large tracts of land where the operations involved do not
detract from the development potential of nearby undeveloped
'
properties.
The Windsor zoning ordinance provides a specific listing of the
'
uses allowed in the industrial district and the zoning map
defines the district boundaries.
Developed Transition (TR) - Areas included in the developed
transition classification are presently being developed for
urban purposes, or will be developed in the next five to ten
years. These areas should require complete urban services
within the planning period. This classification includes areas
with partial municipal facilities and which are usually
adjacent to developed areas. Development which occurs must be
compatible with adjacent land uses. However, uses allowed in
any of the developed land classifications may be allowed within
the developed transition category as long as they are consis-
tent with the Town of Windsor zoning ordinance and the policies
contained in this plan.
Rural With Services (RS) - Areas included within the rural
with services classification are developed at low density.
Land uses are primarily agricultural and residential. Water
and sewer services may be provided to avert existing or
projected health problems. Lot sizes will be large, and the
provision of services will not disrupt the primary rural
character of the landscape.
All areas which are classified as rural with services are zoned
RA-20. The Windsor zoning ordinance and map provide a defi-
nition of allowable uses and delineation of the RA-20 zoning
district. The following provides a general definition of the
RA-20 zoning district:
RA-20 Single -Family Residential District: The RA-20 resi-
dential district is established as a district in which the
principal use of land is for low density residential and
agricultural purposes. The regulations of this district are
intended to protect the agricultural sections of the commu-
nity from an influx of uses likely to render it undesirable
for farms and future development, and to insure that resi-
dential development not having access to public water
supplies and dependent upon septic tanks and outdoor privies

I
' for sewage disposal will occur at sufficiently low densities
for a healthful environment. The minimum required lot size
is 20,000 square feet.
' Conservation (CON) - The following environmentally sensitive
areas are included in the conservation classification:
' 404 Wetlands: This classification includes areas of 404
wetlands which meet the wetlands definition contained in
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Only uses consistent
' with the policy statements section of this plan and the
Windsor zoning ordinance will be allowed. These areas are
not delineated on the Land Classification Map. Specific
locations must be determined in the field by representatives
' of the Washington, North Carolina, office of the U. S. Army
Corps of Engineers.
Cashie River Floodway: The Cashie River floodway is the
channel of the river and adjacent land areas that must be
reserved in order to discharge the base flood without
cumulatively increasing the water surface elevation more
than a designated height. The Cashie River floodway also
contains the Cashie River hardwood swamps. Development
shall be prohibited within the floodway except for uses in
the public trust areas which are allowed by the 15A NCAC 7H
use standards for public trust areas; marinas which comply
with all applicable federal, state, and local regulations,
and the policies contained in this plan; and structures
which existed on January 1, 1992.
Public Trust Areas: All waters of the Cashie River are
public trust areas and as such are classified'as conserva-
tion areas. Uses which are consistent with the 15A NCAC 7H
use standards, applicable federal regulations, and the Town
of Windsor zoning ordinance will be allowed.
III-5

RS
RS
RS
FINANCED IN PART
NORTH CAROLINA
HROUGH FUNDS
NAGEMENT ACT OF
'TERED BY THE
OURCE MANAGEMENT,
IC ADMINISTRATION. .W :
RS
g OM ,
R
� Rs
Mi `
LEGEND
DR DEVELOPED RESIDENTIAL
DC DEVELOPED COMMERCIAL
DM DEVELOPED MANUFACTURING
'
PIS RURALWITHSERVICES
. TR TRANSITION
CON CONSERVATION
(See Conservation
Notes)
N
RS
RS
CONSERVATION NOTES
'J �T
11 ALL 404 WETLAND AREAS ARE CLASSIFIED AS
1-
CONSERVATION. HOWEVER. BECAUSE OF MAP
SCALE. LOCATIONS CANNOT BE DELINEATED.
Tu; j�y.
PRECISE LOCATIONS MUST BE DETERMINED
THROUGH ON-SRE ANALYSIS AND VERIFICATION.
grl�l/I
FEDERAL 404 PERMITTING AND REGULATORY
`J 1
REQUIREMENTS SHALL APPLY. `
4•�
• r • RS
RIVER CLASSIFIED AS
2) THE CASHIECONSERVATION
,3 rtSsy
y4Cs: 4J!u+4
RS'
THE L
ACONSRVATION AREA. THE FLOODWAV IS THE
AREA.
ANY ADJACENT
s+.:-T9�.rf-;
/ T.
CHANNEL OF A STREAM. PLUS
FLOODPLAIN AREAS, THAT MUST BE KEPT FREE OF
ENCROACHMENTINORDERTWITTHEtOD-YEAR
�.�y� vg" .
FLOOD BE CARRIED WITHOUT SUBSTANTIAL
'
a'4". 7 "A
I4r'j .mow, �.
INCREASES IN FLOOD HEIGHTS.
N�
3) ALL WATERS OFTHE CASHIE RIVER ARE PUBLIC
TRUST AREAS AS DEFINED IN SSANCAC7H.0207
PUBLIC TRUST AREAS. PUBLIC TRUST AREAS ARE
CLASSIFIED AS CONSERVATION.
DM
f TR
?i. DR p
I
j� oc
RS
'
5 f rimy x� .s
9i...✓re'r�' lY.�ICm�.t J rr�rXt
TOWN OF WINDSOR
LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP
. MAP 7
GRAPHIC SCALE III-6

SECTION IV: TOWN OF WINDSOR POLICY STATEMENTS
Policy statements are extremely important and may have a day-to-day
impact on individual citizens within the Town of Windsor's planning
jurisdiction. The statements will have,an impact in three
important areas, including:
'
-- Establishment of local planning policy.
-- Review of proposed projects requiring state or federal
assistance or approval to determine consistency with local
'
policies.
-- The issuance of CAMA permits within public trust waters.
'
The policies contained in this section are based on the objectives
of the citizens of the Town of Windsor and satisfy the objectives
of the Coastal Resources Commission. The Windsor Planning
'
Commission closely supervised the development of these policies.
The only area of environmental concern as defined by 15A NCAC 7H
located in the Town of Windsor planning jurisdiction are the public
trust waters in the Cashie River. CAMA permitting as required by
N.C.G.S. 113A-118 applies only within the Cashie River public trust
waters. Except for public trust areas, policies stated in this
plan must be supported by local ordinances and actions in order to
ensure implementation.
'
The policies outlined in the following section will provide a guide
for advising and regulating development of available land resources
in the Town of Windsor through 2000. Policies which were consid-
ered, but not adopted, are provided in Appendix II.
A. RESOURCE PROTECTION POLICY STATEMENTS
ical Limitations:
(a) The Town of Windsor will enforce, through the zoning permit
process, all current regulations of the N. C. State Building
Code and Bertie County Health Department relating to building
construction and septic tank installation/replacement in areas
with soils restrictions.
(b) The town will cooperate with
in the regulation/enforcement
process. However, additional
imposed by the town.
IG
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
of the 404 wetlands permit
wetlands regulations will not be

(c) The town will require the designation of 404 wetland areas on
all subdivision plats. This will require amendment of the
town's subdivision ordinance.
(d) The town will coordinate all development activity with appro-
priate county and state personnel.
(e) The town will support the development of a central sewer sys-
tem to serve all developed areas of Windsor's extraterritorial
planning jurisdiction.
Flood Hazard Areas:
(a) Windsor will continue to coordinate all development within the
100-year floodplain with the town's Building Inspections
Department, North Carolina Division of Coastal Management,
FEMA, and the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers.
(b) Windsor will continue to follow the storm hazard mitigation
policies contained herein.
(c) Windsor recognizes the importance of regulating development in
the high risk flood areas of the Cash�e River. Therefore, the
town will continue to participate in the Federal Flood Insur-
ance Program and promote enforcement through the Floodway
Ordinance and the floodplain regulation. The continued
enforcement of these regulations will also assist in the
conservation of the valuable hardwood swamp forests located in
the floodway.
Major developments, such as residential subdivisions, will be
discouraged from locating in the floodplain. Disincentives,
such as denial for water and sewer service, will be applied to
regulate development in this hazard area.
Groundwater/Protection of Potable Water Supplies:
(a) It shall be the policy of the Town of Windsor to conserve its
surficial* groundwater resources by supporting enforcement of
N. C. Division of Environmental Management stormwater runoff
regulations, and by coordinating local development activities
involving chemical storage or underground storage tank
installation/abandonment with Bertie County Emergency Manage-
ment personnel and the Groundwater Section of the North
Carolina Division of Environmental Management. During the
planning period, the town shall review and amend the local
zoning ordinance with regard to underground chemical and
gasoline storage regulations to ensure a minimum of risk to
local groundwater resources.
*Groundwaters which are at or just below the surface.
IV-2

(b) Industrial development shall be discouraged from locating in
areas particularly susceptible to groundwater contamination
(hydric soils areas). This policy must be implemented through
local controls, in particular, the town's zoning ordinance.
(c) The town will develop a long-range plan to extend sewer lines
to all development within the town's extraterritorial juris-
diction.
Man-made Hazards:
(a) Windsor will support the technical requirements and state
program approval for underground storage tanks (40 CFR, Parts
280 and 281), and enforcement by the Division of Environmental
Management of regulatory controls governing underground
storage tanks.
(b) Windsor opposes the temporary or permanent storage or disposal
of any toxic wastes within its planning jurisdiction and/or
Bertie County.
(c) Windsor opposes the location of any industries within its
jurisdiction which utilize or produce materials which are
defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as hazardous.
(d) Because industry can present hazards to other forms of devel-
opment, only similar land uses will be encouraged around
industrial uses, industrial parks and sandpits. Residential
development will be limited near fuel storage tanks. The
town's zoning ordinance will be utilized to enforce this
policy.
Stormwater Runoff:
(a) Windsor recognizes the value of water quality maintenance to
the protection of fragile areas and to the provision of
clean water for recreational purposes. The town will support
state regulations relating to stormwater runoff resulting from
development (Stormwater Disposal Policy 15NCAC2H.001-.1003).
(b) Windsor will seek funding through the coastal management
program to conduct a comprehensive town -wide drainage study.
Emphasis will be placed on protecting the water quality of the
Cashie River.
(c) Windsor will encourage development and maintenance of vege-
tation around shorelines as well as other waterways in order
to preserve as much of the hydrological regime as possible.
This policy must be implemented through revisions to the
town's zoning and subdivision ordinances.
(d) Along the Cashie River shoreline, developments will be
prohibited in all areas which are classified as 404 wetlands.
' IV-3

Cultural/Historic Resources: '
(a) Windsor shall coordinate all housing code enforcement/
redevelopment projects with the N.C. Division of Archives and
History, to ensure that any significant architectural details '
or buildings are identified and preserved.
(b) Windsor will coordinate all public works projects with the '
N.C. Division of Archives and History, to ensure the identifi-
cation and preservation of significant archaeological sites.
(c) Through its zoning ordinance and its historic district ordi-
nance, the Town of Windsor will continue to support and
protect the Windsor Historic District.
(d) All historic properties identified in this plan which are '
located outside of the historic district will be protected by
the Windsor zoning ordinance. Land uses which have negative ,
impacts on historic properties will not be permitted.
(e) Windsor believes its historic properties are important
cultural and economic resources.
(f) Windsor will revise its zoning ordinance to allow residential
usage in the second story or higher levels of all buildings
within the Central Business District. In order to protect the
architectural integrity of existing.buildings, and to preserve
the continuity of scale and design within the Central Business
District, the following requirements shall be met when
buildings within the Central Business District are utilized
for residential purposes:
All slip covers previously applied to the facade of
existing buildings shall be removed.
Where evidence exists of original windows and door
openings subsequently enclosed, such windows and doors
shall be reopened in an operable manner and in a style in
keeping with the building. Where other unique architec-
tural features remain, including cornices, mid -cornices
and window surrounds, they shall be repaired and/or
replaced with elements of like design.
3. All residential usage shall comply with applicable North
Carolina State Building Code requirements.
4. All improvements will be consistent with the Windsor
Historic Preservation Ordinance.
5. All improvements should be environmentally sensitive to
the types of materials utilized in exterior cleaning work,
including the need for precautions when cleaning material
may be flushed into the storm sewer system.
Implementation of this policy will require revision of the
Town of Windsor Zoning Ordinance.
IV-4

Industrial Impacts on Fragile Areas:
(a) No industrial development will be allowed in areas classified
as conservation areas. In all other areas, industrial uses
will be allowed in the manufacturing land classification which
are consistent with the town's zoning ordinance. Those uses
include the following:
-- Automobile parking lots and structures.
-- Automobile repair and paint shops.
-- Amusement, recreation and sporting goods manufacturing.
-- Apparel and clothing manufacturing, including hosiery.
-- Automobile parts and accessories manufacturing.
-- Bakeries and other establishments manufacturing prepared
food products for wholesale distribution.
-- Bedding and carpet manufacturing.
-- Boat and trailer works and sales.
-- Bottling works.
-- Building materials and specialties manufacturing.
-- Building materials storage and sales yards, provided all
open storage is fenced by a solid fence not less than six
(6) feet in height.
-- Business machines manufacturing.
-- Business signs and billboards, provided such are located
within fifty (50) feet of any residential district,
provided further that not more than one (1) billboard
structure shall be allowed per one hundred (100) feet or
less of lot frontage in single ownership, with one (1)
additional billboard structure allowed per additional one
hundred (100) feet of lot frontage.
-- Cabinet, woodworking and upholstery shops.
-- Contractors' offices and storage yards, provided all open
storage is fenced by a solid fence not less than six (6)
feet in height.
-- Dairy products processing and distributing facilities.
-- Drugs, medicines and cosmetics manufacturing.
-- Dry cleaning and laundry plants.
-- Electrical appliances and electronic equipment
manufacturing.
-- Farm machinery, sales and repairs.
-- Feed and seed stores, hatcheries and fertilizer sales.
-- Food stores, fruit stands and produce markets.
-- Flour and feed mills.
-- Furniture manufacturing.
-- Freezer lockers and ice plants.
-- Greenhouses and horticultural nurseries.
-- Hardware and housewares manufacturing.
-- Ice and cold storage plants and freezer lockers.
-- Industrial supplies and equipment, sales and service,
provided all open storage is fenced by a solid fence not
less than six (6) feet in height.
-- Industrial trade schools and research laboratories.
-- Leather products, including luggage and shoe
manufacturing.
IV-5

-- Machine and welding shops.
-- Metal fabricating plants.
-- Mobile home display lots.
-- Monument works and sales.
-- Musical instruments manufacturing.
-- Offices pertaining to any permitted use.
-- Outdoor recreation uses, such as miniature and par-3 golf
courses, go-cart tracks and riding stables.
-- Paper products manufacturing.
-- Plastic products manufacturing.
-- Rubber and glass products manufacturing.
- Plumbing and heating supply houses, provided all open
storage is fenced by a solid fence not less than six (6)
feet in height.
-- Precision instruments and jewelry manufacturing.
-- Printing, engraving and publishing establishments.
-- Public safety facilities such as fire and police stations
and rescue squads.
-- Restaurants, including drive-in restaurants.
-- Service stations, including major repair work, provided
that all gasoline pumps shall be located at least twelve
(12) feet behind the property line.
-- Sheet metal, roofing, plumbing, heating and refrigeration
shops.
-- Sign painting and fabricating shops.
-- Textile and cordage manufacturing.
-- Wholesale and warehousing establishments, except for the
storage of dangerous or offensive items such as uncured
hides and explosives.
-- Customary accessory uses and structures, including open
storage, provided the area devoted to open storage is
enclosed by a fence at least six (6) feet in height.
(b) All industries allowed by the Windsor zoning ordinance should
be targeted to the industrial park.
'
Miscellaneous Resource Protection: The Town of Windsor will
support the construction of package treatment plants which are
,
approved and permitted by the state Division of Environmental
Management where central sewer service cannot be provided.
If any package plants are approved, Windsor supports the require-
'
ment for a specific contingency plan specifying how ongoing private
operation and maintenance of the plant will be provided, and
detailing provisions for assumption of the ownership of the plant
,
if initial ownership and operation should fail.
Marina and Floating Home Development:
,
(a) Marinas which satisfy the 15A NCAC 7H use standards for public
trust waters, comply with the town's zoning ordinance and 404
wetland regulations, and do not exceed 12 slips (Note: the
'
number of slips may vary), shall be allowed. Marinas having
more than 12 slips shall be prohibited.
'
IV-6
'

(b) The Town of Windsor will revise its zoning and subdivision
ordinances to establish standards for marina siting and
construction.
■ (c) Dry storage facilities, both associated with and independent
of marinas, will be allowed which satisfy the Town of Windsor
' zoning ordinance and which do not violate 404 wetland
regulations.
' (d) Because of the Cashie River size and depth, floating homes
within Windsor's planning jurisdiction have not been a prob-
lem. While Windsor would oppose the location of floating
homes within its jurisdiction, a local policy is not
required.
Development of Sound and Estuarine Islands: There are no sound or
' estuarine islands in Windsor. This policy does not apply.
Bulkhead Construction: Windsor will allow bulkhead construction
' along the Cashie River shoreline which does not violate 15A NCAC 7H
public waters use standards, 404 wetlands regulations, the Windsor
zoning ordinance, and the Windsor subdivision ordinance.
Sea Level Rise: Because the majority of Windsor's planning
jurisdiction is 10 to 20 feet above sea level, sea level rise is
not expected to be a problem for Windsor. However, some areas of
the Cashie River floodplain could be inundated. Therefore, Windsor
will implement the following policies:
(a) The Town of Windsor will continuously monitor the effects of
sea level rise and update the land use plan policies as neces-
sary to protect the town's public and private properties from
rising water levels.
(b) Windsor will support bulkheading to protect its shoreline
areas from intruding water resulting from rising water
levels.
S. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES
' Recreation Resources:
(a) The town will continue to support a comprehensive recreational
program to provide a broad range of recreational facilities
for its citizens.
(b) The town will prepare a comprehensive recreation plan.
1 (c) The town will support shoreline access development on the
Cashie River.
' IV-7

Productive Agricultural Lands: '
(a) Windsor supports and encourages use of the U.S. Soil Conser-
vation Service "Best Management Practices" program to protect
productive agricultural lands.
(b) The town will allow development of prime agricultural lands '
providing it is in concert with the permitted land uses in the
zoning ordinance.
Productive Forest Lands: Windsor encourages and supports the '
utilization of the Forest Best Management Practices Manual, 1989,
North Carolina Divis on of Forest Resources, for all forestry
operations. '
Residential, Commercial and Industrial Development Impacts on
Resources: Residential, commercial and industrial development will
be allowed which is consistent with the town's zoning ordinance and
the policies contained in this plan. High density development will
be discouraged in areas containing hydric soils. This density
control will be supported through the town's zoning ordinance.
Development will be prohibited in the Cashie River floodway.
Residential, commercial and industrial development within public
trust waters which satisfy the 15A NCAC 7H use standards and all
local ordinances will be allowed.
Off -Road Vehicles: The Town of Windsor does not oppose the
responsible use of off -road vehicles.
Water Resource Areas:
(a) There are no marine resource areas in Windsor. All water
bodies are freshwater resource areas.
(b) Windsor supports the use standards for public trust waters as
specified in 15A NCAC 7H.0207.
(c) For structures that extend into or over public trust waters,
replacement of structures and/or change of use will be allowed
so long as the structure will not be enlarged beyond its
original dimensions, and if they are found to be consistent
with current CRC rules or if allowed by the CRC.
(d) The Town of Windsor reserves the right to comment on the
individual policies and requirements of the North Carolina
Division of Marine Fisheries.
(e) The Town of Windsor supports the designation of the Cashie
River as public trust waters. These areas are defined as
follows: Public trust areas are all navigable natural bodies
of water and lands thereunder to the mean high water level or
mean water level as the case may be, except privately owned
lakes to which the public has no right of access; all water in
artificially created bodies of water containing significant
1AW-)

public fishing resources or other public resources which are
accessible to the public by navigation from bodies of water in
which the public has rights of navigation; and all waters in
artificially created bodies of water in which the public has
acquired rights to prescription, custom, usage, dedication, or
any other means. In determining whether the public has
acquired rights in artificially created bodies of water, the
following factors shall be considered:
1. The use of the body of water by the public;
2. The length of time the public has used the area;
3. The value of the public resources in the body of water;
4. Whether the public resources in the body of water are
mobile to the extent they can move into natural bodies of
water;
5. Whether the creation of the artificial body of water
required permission from the state; and
6. The value of the body of water to the public for
navigation from one public area to another public area.
The public has rights in public trust areas including navi-
gation and recreation. In addition, these areas support
valuable sports fisheries, have aesthetic value, and are
important resources for economic development.
(f) The town will protect the commercial and recreational
fisheries areas within the town's jurisdiction. The CAMA
and 404 permitting systems, as well as the town's subdivision
and flood ordinances, will provide sufficient enforcement of
this policy.
(g) The Bertie County Health Department, responsible for the safe
placement of septic tanks, will be responsible for minimizing
the likelihood of contamination of fishing waters from the
effluent of septic systems in unsuitable soils. The town will
support the Health Department and coordinate the issuance of
building permits with that department. (1986)
(h) The Town of Windsor objects to the point source discharge of
agricultural livestock waste into surface waters.
C. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
' General: Windsor desires to expand its economic base, including
tourism, retail and wholesale trade, real estate and construction,
and industrial development. However, Windsor does not want to
jeopardize conservation areas. Windsor will support growth and
development at the densities specified in the land classification
definitions. These densities are consistent with existing Town of
' Windsor zoning. The desired pattern of development is shown on the
Land Classification Map 7.
IV-9

Water Supply: There are no significant constraints to development '
or land development issues relating to the town's potable water
supply. The town's water system will provide adequate water supply '
throughout the planning period. The town's policies concerning
water supply shall be:
(a) The town requires that all existing and new residential and ,
commercial development be connected to both the town's water
and sewer systems.
(b) The town will allow the installation of private wells for '
irrigation only.
(c) The Town of Windsor will ensure that the preceding two
policies are carried out through the local zoning and building
'
permit process.
Sewer System: There are no problems or constraints to development
'
caused by the town's sewage treatment system. The town will
implement the following policies:
'
(a) The Town of Windsor will support, through its subdivision
ordinance, the development of central sewer service throughout
its extraterritorial planning jurisdiction.
'
(b) The Town of Windsor will support improvement of its sewage
treatment plant to find an alternative to discharge into Broad
Branch Creek. The alternative point of discharge should be an
,
outfall located on the Cashie River. In addition, land
application alternatives will be considered.
Stormwater•
,
(a) Windsor will cooperate with the NCDOT, the N.C. Division of
Environmental Management, and other state agencies in
'
mitigating the impact of stormwater runoff on the Cashie River
basin. The town will support the Division of Environmental
Management stormwater runoff retention permitting process
'
through its zoning permit system.
(b) The town will attempt to apply for grant funds, and utilize
Powell Bill funds, to improve stormwater drainage systems
'
associated with existing rights -of -way.
(c) The town will prepare and adopt a town -wide master drainage
'
plan.
Telephone System: The Town of Windsor supports efforts by Bertie
County and the Bertie County Economic Development Commission to
'
establish an area -wide local service telephone system.
IV-10

Energy Facility Siting and Development: There are no electric
generating or other power generating plants located in or proposed
for location within Windsor's planning jurisdiction. However,
Windsor will support the following energy facility siting
policies:
(a) Windsor will review proposals for development or expansion of
electric generating plants within its vicinity on a case -by -
case basis, judging the need for the facility against all
identified possible adverse impacts. The town reserves the
right to comment on the impacts of anyenergy facility,
construction or expansion within Bertie County.
(b) In the event that offshore oil or gas is discovered, Windsor
will not oppose drilling operations and onshore support facil-
ities in Windsor or Bertie County for which an Environmental
Impact Statement has been prepared with a finding of no
significant impact on the environment. Windsor supports and
requests full disclosure of development plans, with mitigative
measures that will be undertaken to prevent adverse impacts on
the environment, the infrastructure, and the social systems of
Windsor and Bertie County. Windsor also requests full dis-
closure of any adopted plans. Offshore drilling and develop-
ment of onshore support facilities in Windsor or Bertie County
may have severe costs for the town and county as well as
advantages. The costs must be borne by the company(ies) with
profit(s) from offshore drilling and onshore support
facilities.
(c) The possible development of peat mining operations in Hyde,
Tyrrell and Washington counties presents the possibility of
locating peat -burning facilities near the raw material source.
Because of Windsor's location to major highways, this may be a
possibility in the near future. The town believes that the
development of energy -generating facilities should be dis-
couraged within the one mile jurisdictional area. These types
of facilities will be subject to a special use permit granted
by the Planning Board. If approved, all facilities will be
restricted to rural areas as per the land classification map.
The provision of public services to the proposed operation
will be determined by the Town Board at the time of the
request.
Redevelopment of Developed Areas: There
are no redevelopment
'
issues within Windsor except for redevelopment of the Central
Business District.
The town's community
development programs have
'
effectively eliminated almost all of the
housing. However, the town will support
town's substandard
the following redevelop-
ment policies:
'
(a) The town will
allow the reconstruction of any structures
demolished by
natural disaster when
the reconstruction
complies with
all applicable local,
state, and federal
1
'
IV-11

regulations. However, reconstruction cannot be more intense
than that which previously existed. This is governed by the
town's zoning ordinance.
(b) The town will support all development within the Central
Business District which is consistent with the town's historic
preservation ordinance and the town's zoning ordinance.
(c) The town will continue to pursue community development funding
to aid in the elimination of all substandard housing within
the Town of Windsor.
(d) The town will continue to vigorously enforce its minimum
housing code to eliminate substandard housing.
(e) In the event of destruction, structures located within the
Cashie River floodway will not be allowed to be reconstructed.
This policy will be supported through revisions to the Town of
Windsor zoning ordinance.
(f) The town will coordinate with private individuals and
organizations to secure financial support for Central Business
District beautification efforts.
Estuarine Access: There are no estuarine shorelines in Windsor.
This policy does not apply in Windsor.
Annexation: Windsor will pursue expansion through voluntary,
involuntary, and satellite annexations. The town will adopt a
comprehensive annexation plan.
Types and Locations of Desired Industry: Industrial development is
extremely important to economic growth in Windsor. The town's
reliance on employment in the government service and retail trade
sectors should be balanced by the development of a stronger base of
industrial/manufacturing employment. However, -the town desires to
achieve responsible industrial development which will not adversely
affect the natural environment or the quality of established
residential areas.
The following industrial development policies will be applied:
(a) Industrial sites should be accessible to municipal/central
water and sewer services.
(b) Industries which are noxious by reason of the emission of
smoke, dust, glare, noise and vibrations, and those which deal '
primarily in hazardous products such as explosives, should not
be located in Windsor or its extraterritorial jurisdiction.
(c) Industrial development and/or industrial zoning should not '
infringe on established residential development.
11
IV-12 '

'
(d) Industrial
development should be high skilled
industries such
as electronics,
automobile, or plastics firms
which take
advantage
of the abundant labor supply to try
to diversify the
industrial
economy.
(e) Industries
should be low pollution, light manufacturing
types
'
which are
compatible with resource protection,
production and
management
goals and policies, and discourage
environmentally
degrading
industry.
(f) Industrial development which is resource dependent, such as
plywood processors and furniture manufacturers that utilize
the natural resources in the planning area, will be
encouraged.
(g) Windsor will encourage agricultural products processing plants
which take advantage of the local farming economy.
(h) Industrial sites will be confined to the industrial park and
other areas zoned for manufacturing in the planning area.
Commitment to State and Federal Programs:
(a) Windsor is receptive to state and federal programs, particu-
larly those which provide improvements to the town. The town
will continue to fully support such programs, especially the
following: the North Carolina Department of Transportation
road and bridge improvement programs, the CAMA planning
process and permitting programs, the Community Development
Block Grant program, and the Corps of Engineers regulatory and
permitting efforts which deal with 404 wetlands, flood control
and channel maintenance.
(b) The erosion control programs carried out by the Agricultural
Stabilization and Conservation Service and the Soil Conserva-
tion Service are especially important to the farming community
in the planning area. The town supports the efforts of these
agencies, including the implementation of Best Management
Practices, to mitigate soil loss through erosion.
(c) The National Guard has a training center located near the
industrial park. Windsor is pleased to host this facility in
their planning area. The expansion of the existing Natural
Guard facilities will be supported by the town, but the
construction of additional military facilities, like an Army
or Air Force base, will be discouraged in developed or
transition areas. Windsor does not want to house any large
military facilities because of the restrictions it would
impose on the community.
IV-13

Assistance to Channel Maintenance: Proper channel maintenance is
not a pressing issue in Windsor. There is little commercial
boating traffic on the Cashie River, and the town cannot justify
expenditures of money to keep the waterways clear. Smaller,
shallow water recreational vessels most frequently use the river.
Since there is little need for channel maintenance, the town does
not feel a commitment to provide assistance for such projects.
Windsor will not financially support channel maintenance projects.
Windsor believes that this should be the responsibility of the
state and federal governments. The town will assist, however, in
locating borrow and spoil sites within the planning area.
Tourism and Water Access: Windsor will implement the following
policies to further the development of tourism and water access
(a) Windsor will support North Carolina Department of Trans-
portation projects to improve access to the town.
(b) Windsor will continue to support the activities of the North
Carolina Division of Travel and Tourism; specifically, the
monitoring of tourism -related industry, efforts to promote
tourism -related commercial activity, efforts to enhance and
provide shoreline resources, and efforts to protect Windsor's
historically significant properties.
(c) Windsor will support projects that will increase public access
to shoreline areas.
(d) The town will continue to encourage acquisition of undevelop-
able waterfront properties for public access sites.
(e) The town will continue to support its public access site
donation program.
(f) The town will continue to support historic preservation,
downtown revitalization efforts and other methods to promote
tourism.
Transportation:
(a) The Town of Windsor supports the following North Carolina '
Department of Transportation highway improvements:
-- The widening of U.S. 13 from the Windsor Bypass to north of '
Powellsville, including construction of the missing link of
the Windsor Bypass which extends from the southwest Windsor
corporate limit line south to U.S. 17/13 south. '
-- The construction of a four -lane divided freeway for U.S. 17
on a new location extending from .6 miles south of the '
Martin County line to U.S. 17 south of Chocowinity at
N:C. 102.
IV-14 '

-- Projects designed to lessen congestion within the Windsor
Central Business District.
'
-- Development of a master drainage plan to aid in the
reduction/elimination of flooding on Windsor's streets.
(b) Windsor will periodically review local ordinances relating to
'
speed limits and traffic flow with the goal of reducing
congestion and risk in unsafe areas, especially the Central
Business District.
(c) Windsor will continue efforts to secure all available state,
federal and local funding to eliminate the remaining 5.27
'
miles of unpaved streets.
Land Use Trends: No major changes in land uses or trends will
occur during the planning period. Windsor will continue to develop
t
at a slow but steady rate. Residential development will be
protected from infringement by non-residential uses. Industrial
development will be concentrated in industrial park areas. Commer-
'
cial and services uses will continue to be concentrated in the
Central Business District and along the U.S. 13 Bypass.
D. CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
As the initial step in the preparation of this document, the Town
of Windsor prepared and adopted a "Public Participation Plan." The
plan outlined the methodology for citizen involvement (see
Appendix I). Public involvement was to be generated through public
information meetings, advertising in local newspapers, and
advertised meetings by the Board of Commissioners and Planning
Board to work on development of the plan.
A public information meeting, was conducted at the outset of the
project on November 13, 1991, at 9:30 a.m., in the Windsor
Municipal Building. Subsequently, meetings of the Planning Board
were held on December 17, 1992; January 29, 1992; February 20,
1992; March 30, 1992; and June 11, 1992.
All meetings were advertised in the Bertie Ledgr-Advance and were
open to the public. The Board of Comm issioe
ners conducted a public
information meeting for review of and comment on the plan on
May 14, 1992. This meeting was advertised in the Bertie Ledger -
Advance.
The preliminary plan was submitted to the Coastal Resources Commis-
sion for comment on June 16, 1992. Following receipt of CRC
comments, the plan was amended, and a formal public hearing on the
final document was conducted on November 12, 1992. The public
hearing was advertised in the Bertie Ledger- Advance on October S,
1992. The plan was approved by the Windsor Board of Commissioners
on November 12, 1992, and submitted to the Coastal Resources
Commission for certification. The plan was certified on
November 20, 1992.
IV-15

Continuing citizen input will be solicited, primarily through the
Planning Board, with advertised and adequately publicized public
meetings held to discuss special land use issues and to keep
citizens informed.
E. STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST -DISASTER RECOVERY AND
EVACUATION PLAN
The Town of Windsor is not subject to substantial hurricane flood-
ing and major water -related damage which normally accompany major
storms. During hurricanes, Windsor serves as a refuge area for
many coastal community residents. Therefore, a complete storm
hazard mitigation and post -disaster reconstruction plan/policy as
required by 15A NCAC 7B is not applicable to the Town of Windsor.
Map 8 provides a delineation of the areas within Windsor and its
extraterritorial jurisdiction which would be inundated as a result
of hurricanes of various intensity. This map is based on the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers S.L.O.S.H. model, 1985. While U.S. 13 east
of Windsor would be flooded, only 78 residential structures, three
municipally -owned buildings and four commercial structures would be
flooded. Thus, of a total of 1,286 structures located within
Windsor and its extraterritorial jurisdiction, only 85 or 6.6 per-
cent, may be subject to flooding. Most of these, approximately 60
residential structures, would be subjected to only yard flooding
without water intrusion into the structures. Almost all of the
structures subject to potential flooding are located north and
south of U.S. 13 east of Windsor.
Hurricane force winds could cause damage in Windsor. High winds
are the greatest risk factor associated with hurricanes. Hurri-
canes are, in fact, defined in severity by their wind speeds. All
parts of the planning area would be subject to the winds brought on
by a hurricane making landfall nearby, but the intensity of the
winds will be mitigated by Windsor's inland location. Communities
located closer to the coast would be more greatly impacted by
hurricane winds than Windsor. Hurricane winds will probably be
somewhat diminished by the time they reach Windsor.
Because of the diminished impact of winds in the planning area,
there is a limited need to impose building restrictions concerning
wind stress. Open field ditches or other sites that experience
significant backwash would be impacted by the flooding resulting
from high winds, but other areas would not be significantly
affected.
Bertie County maintains an up-to-date evacuation plan which
identifies hurricane evacuation routes and shelters, evacuation
instructions, and anticipated evacuation times for different
severities of storms. The plan was prepared in cooperation with
the Bertie County Civil Preparedness Agency and the Division of
Civil Preparedness. The plan has been approved by Bertie County.
IV-16

'
Windsor will continue to implement and support the following storm
hazard
mitigation, post -disaster recovery and evacuation policies:
'
(a)
The Town of Windsor supports the efforts of the Bertie County
Emergency Management Coordinator to facilitate and encourage
the safe evacuation of vulnerable areas of the county during
'
storm events.
(b)
Windsor will continue to support the enforcement of the North
Carolina Building Code, particularly the provisions which
'
require flood proofing measures.
(c)
Windsor will continue to actively participate in various
'
scheduled activities of coordination between towns in the
county for storm preparedness, evacuation, and post -disaster
recovery.
'
(d)
The town will prohibit the reconstruction of any destroyed
structures which are located within the Cashie River
floodway.
(e) Because of the lack of land and the limited risk associated
with hurricane flooding, the town will support reconstruction
of public facilities at same location. All structures located
within the Cashie River floodplain (not floodway) will be
rebuilt according to the guidelines of the floodplain
ordinance in order to mitigate future risk from hurricanes.
(1986)
(f) Windsor will discourage property owners from rebuilding
destroyed structures without taking mitigative precautions
during the construction phase. The town will also work with
the Federal Flood Insurance Rate Program in working to include
all areas flooded by storm into the FFIRP maps. If areas are
included in FFIRP maps, the regulations set forth in the
floodway and floodplain ordinances will establish
reconstruction standards.
IV-17

MAP 8
INUNDATION LEVELS FOR HURRICANES OF SPECIFIED INTENSITY
3
1101 i
BYP
13
1100 I
1148
t303
1301 The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management Program,
through funds provided by the Coastal Zone
L1 Management Act of 1972, as amended, which
N administered by the Office of Ocean and
Coastal Resource Management, National Oceani,
and Atmospheric Administration.
13
BY
1102 I' „530
DSOR

LJ
' SECTION V: RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES AND
LAND CLASSIFICATIONS
The 15A NCAC 7B planning guidelines require that this land use plan
' relate the policies section to the land classification map and
provide an indication as to which land uses are appropriate in each
land classification. The Windsor zoning ordinance is consistent
' with the land classification map and supports the distribution of
land uses shown on that map.
A. DEVELOPED CLASS
■ The Developed land classification includes the following
categories: Developed Residential, Developed Commercial, and
II' , Developed Industrial. Those categories include the residential,
commercial/office-institutional and industrial zoning districts
which are defined by the Town of Windsor zoning ordinance.
' Few changes in the locations of the land classification categories
as shown on the Land Classification Map are anticipated during the
planning period. Windsor's residential development will continue
' to be primarily low to moderate density development. Commercial
development will be concentrated in the central business district
and along U.S. 13 Bypass. Industrial development will be
' concentrated in the Windsor industrial park.
B. DEVELOPED TRANSITION CLASS
The developed transition class will provide lands to accommodate
future urban growth within the planning period. All uses which are
permitted within the developed land classification will also be
allowed within the developed transition classification. However,
it is anticipated that most development within this classification
will be low density residential development. Complete urban
services, including central water and sewer service, may be
'
extended into the developed transition areas within the planning
period.
'
C. RURAL WITH SERVICES CLASS
The rural with services classification is intended to provide for
low density land uses including residential use where limited water
'
services are provided in order to avert an existing or projected
health problem. Areas meeting the intent of this class are appro-
priate for low intensity residential uses where lot sizes are large
and where the provision of services will not disrupt the primary
rural character of the landscape. Both water and sewer utilities
may be provided by the Town of Windsor. Most of Windsor's extra-
territorial jurisdiction is classified rural with services. The
rural with services category includes areas which are zoned RA-20,
single-family residential district.
1

D. CONSERVATION CLASS
I
The conservation class is intended to provide for the effective '
long-term management of the town's sensitive or irreplaceable
fragile and environmentally sensitive areas. The town's only area
of environmental concern as defined by 15A NCAC 7H is the Cashie
River public trust area. Other fragile areas which are classified t
conservation include the Cashie River floodway and 404 wetlands.
Only the following development should be allowed in the Cashie
River floodway: marinas as defined by 15A NCAC 7H which satisfy t
the Windsor zoning ordinance and all applicable state and federal
regulations; structures which existed on January 1, 1992; and uses
as allowed in public trust areas as defined by 15A NCAC 7H. Only '
development which is permitted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
and allowed by the town's zoning ordinance will be allowed in the
404 wetlands areas. The conservation classification will deter
development from occurring in approximately 200 of the town's total '
planning jurisdiction.
1
11
[_1
1
V-2

APPENDIX I
TOWN OF WINDSOR
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN
PREPARATION OF LAND USE PLAN
FISCAL YEAR 1991-92
The Town of Windsor has received a FY91-92 Coastal Area Management Act
grant for the update of its existing Land Use Plan. Adequate citizen
participation in the development of the Plan is essential to the
preparation of a document responsive to the needs of the citizens of
Windsor. To ensure such input, the following citizen participation
program will be utilized by the town'.
The Town of Windsor Planning Board will be responsible for supervision of
the project. The Planning Board will report to and coordinate plan
development with the Windsor Board of Commissioners.
The Planning Board will work with the town's planning consultant to ensure
that the final product will survey existing land use, identify policies,
recommend strategies/actions, and identify Areas of Environmental Concern.
Emphasis will be placed on assessing the Central Business District
redevelopment needs and the town's annexation needs/objectives.
Specifically, the planning consultant and the Planning Board will be
responsible for ensuring accomplishment of the following:
-- Developing an effective citizen participation process;
-- Establishing town policies/strategies to deal with current land
use issues;
-- Surveying and mapping existing land uses;
-- Identifying and mapping Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs);
-- Assessment of Central Business District redevelopment needs;
-- Assessment of annexation objectives.
-- Implementation of the requirements of 15A NCAC 7B.
At the outset of the project, an article will be prepared for distribution
to local newspapers. Those newspapers will be requested to print the
article, which will include a proposed schedule for completion. The
following schedule will be utilized:
1. November, 1991 -- Meet with Windsor Board of Commissioners to review
the scope of work. Have the Citizen Participation Plan adopted.
On November 13, 1991, conduct a public information meeting. The
meeting will be advertised in local newspapers. The town will
specifically discuss the policy statements contained in the 1986
Town of Windsor Land Use Plan. The significance of the policy
statements to the CAMA land use planning process shall be described.
The process by which the Town of Windsor will solicit the views of a
wide cross-section of citizens in the development of the updated
policy statements will be explained.

2.
November, 1991 -- complete identification of existing land use
'
problems, develop socioeconomic base data, and review community
facilities needs.
'
3.
December, 1991 -- Conduct initial meeting with the Town of Windsor
Planning Board.
4.
December, 1991, through February, 1992 -- Continue preparation of a
'
draft Land Use Plan and conduct meetings with the Windsor Planning
Board.
5.
March, 1992 -- Present complete draft sections of the plan and
'
preliminary policy statements to the Windsor Planning Board.
6.
April, 1992 - Review draft Land Use Plan with the Planning Board.
'
7.
May, 1992 -- Review draft Land Use Plan with Board of Commissioners,
conduct a public information meeting for review of the proposed plan,
and submit draft of completed Land Use Plan to the Department of
'
Environment, Health and Natural Resources staff for review and
comment.
8. Following receipt of Coastal Resources Commission comments (estimate
September, 1992) -- Present proposed Land Use Plan to Board of
Commissioners for adoption, and conduct a formal public hearing.
All meetings of the Town of Windsor Planning Board at which the update of
the Land Use Plan will be discussed will be advertised in local
newspapers. All meetings will be open to the public. The town will
encourage and consider all economic, social, ethnic, and cultural view-
points. No major non-English speaking groups are known to exist in
Windsor.
11/14/91

APPENDIX II
The following policies were considered but not approved:
A. RESOURCE PROTECTION POLICY STATEMENTS
Phvsical Limitations:
-- The town will cooperate with the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
in the regulation/enforcement of the 404 wetlands permit
process. Windsor will pursue amendments to its zoning ordinance
to establish an open space/conservation district to prohibit
development in critical areas, to include wooded swamps and the
Cashie River floodway.
Flood Hazard Areas:
-- Windsor will revise its zoning and subdivision ordinances to
control/regulate development within flood hazard areas. Devel-
opment within the Cashie River floodway will be prohibited.
Stormwater Runoff:
-- Limit the amount of impervious surfaces in all lots within 75
feet of the waterline and encourage their development so that no
more than 20 percent of the total land surface is covered in
materials with a high runoff potential.
-- Reclassify all land as conservation which is within 75 feet of
the Cashie River shoreline.
' Cultural/Historic Resources:
' -- All canopies, except for those made of canvas, shall be removed
from the facade.
Industrial Impacts on Fragile Areas:
-- Industries should not be allowed to locate on prime farm lands.
(1986)
B. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES
Productive Agricultural Lands:
-- The town will not encourage preservation of "prime" agricultural
soils.
C. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Enerav Facilitv Siting and Development:
-- The Town of Windsor opposes any offshore drilling for either oil
or gas exploration or production.
-- The Town of Windsor does not object to offshore drilling for
either oil or gas exploration or production.