Stormwater Management Study-2000

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Division of Coastal Management
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STORMWATER MANAGEMENT -VS
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TOWN OF SURF CITY
D,�"1S�IOVA OF, �ANA EMENS
July 25, 2000 C�ASTA
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MAYOR
A. D. "Zander" Guy
COMMISSIONERS
Nelva R. Albury
Dexter Blizzard
Donald Helms
Donald Luther
Douglas C. Medlin
TOWN MANAGER
Patrick Thomas
ENGINEERING SERVICES, P.A.
518 VILLAGE COURT
P.O. BOX 1849
GARNER, NC 27529
[phone]
The preparation of this document was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 as
amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................1
a Geological Description.................................................•---................................................. Z
General Soil Description ........................................ ................. 3
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NEEDSASSESSMENT......................................................................................................................4
PART I: PROBLEM DRAINAGE AREAS.......................................................................................6
AvailableAlternatives.............................•---........................---............................................................6
Alternative #1: Do-nothing Alternative......................................................................................... 6
Alternative #2: Drop Inlet with Sock Pipe System Alternative....................................................... 6
Site Descriptions and Recommendations...........................................................................................7
Site I — South Shore Drive (3000 Block)....................................................................................... 7
Site 2 — South Shore Drive (2800 Block)....................................................................................... 7
Sites 3& 4 — 2717& 2714 South Shore Dr..................................................................................... 8
Site5 — 2622 South Shore Dr........................................................................................................ 9
Site6 — 2604 South Shore Dr......................................................................................................10
Site 7 & 8 — 2400 Block of South Shore Dr..................................................................................10
Site9 — 2410 S. Shore Dr............................................................................................................11
Site10 — 2300 & 2400 Blocks of South Shore Dr.........................................................................12
Site II — South Shore Dr. (2700 Block).......................................................................................12
Site 12 — South Shore Dr. (1700 Block).......................................................................................13
Site13 —1701 S Shore Dr..................................................................... :....................................
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Site 14 —South Shore Dr. @ Sandy Lane.....................................................................................14
Site 15 — South Shore Dr. (1600 Block).......................................................................................15
Site 16 —1500 Block of S. Shore Dr............................................................................................15
Site 17 — S. Shore Dr. @ Atkinson Road......................................................................................16
Site 18 & 19 —1400 Block of South Shore Dr..............................................................................16
Site 20 —1000 Block of S. Shore Dr............................................................................................17
Site 21— South Shore Dr @ Crosswinds (900 Block)...................................................................18
Site22 — 810 South Shore Dr......................................................................................................19
Sites 23 & 24 — 702, 703, 707 South Shore Dr............................................................................19
Site 25 — 606 South Shore Dr......................................................................................................
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Site 26 — South Shore Dr. @ Raleigh Ave....................................................................................
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Site 27 — South Shore Dr. (300 Block).........................................................................................
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Site 28 — South Shore Dr. @ High Point Ave...............................................................................
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Site 29 — South Shore Dr. @ Kinston Ave....................................................................................
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Sites 30 & 31-109 & 115 South Shore Dr.................................................................................
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Site 32 —Batts Ave. @ South Shore Dr........................................................................................
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Site 33 — South Topsail Dr. (100 Block)......................................................................................
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Site 34 — NC Hwy 501210 (400 Block) ................................................. ...............................
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Site 35 — NC Hwy 501210. (500 Block)........................................................................................
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Site36 — 518 NC Hivy 501210.....................................................................................................
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Sites 37 & 38-100 & 200 Block of New River Drive...................................................................
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Site 39 — 209 North Shore Drive.................................................................................................
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Site 40 — North Shore Dr. @ Goldsboro Ave...............................................................................
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Site 41— Goldsboro Ave. between N. Shore & N. Topsail Drives .................................................
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Site 42 — N. Shore Dr. (400 Block) @ New Bern Ave...................................................................
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Site43 — 522 N. Shore Dr...........................................................................................................
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Site 44 — New River Dr. (1100 Block)..........................................................................................
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Site45 —1214 N. Shore Dr........................................................................................ :................
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Site 46 —New River Dr. @ Pender Ave . .................... :.................................................................
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Site 47 — 5' Street (5000 Block)................................:.................................................................
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Site 48 —9002 & 9004 9 h Street...................................................................................................
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Site49 — e Street (6000 Block)..................................................................................................
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Site 50 — Surf City Baptist Church .................................................
Site51— 805 NC Hwy 501210........................................................:............................................
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Sites 52 & 53 — Little Kinston Road............................................................................................
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Site 54— S. Shore Dr. (1300 Block)...............•---...........................................................................
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Site 55— N. Topsail Dr. (1000 Block)..........................................................................................
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PART II: URBAN STORMWATER RUNOFF.............................................................................. 39
Stormwater Runoff Causes and Impacts.......................................................................................... 39
Stormwater Mitigation Strategies.......................................................................
StructuralStrategies................................................................................................................... 41
Non-structural Strategies............................................................................................................ 42
APPENDIXA..................................................................................................................................A-1
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1— Site 1 Construction Costs........................................................................................................7
Table2 — Site 2 Construction Costs........................................................................................................8
Table 3 — Site 3 Construction Costs........................................................................................................8
Table 4 — Site 4 Construction Costs...................................................
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Table 5 — Site 5 Construction Costs........................................................................................................9
Table 6 — Site 6 Construction Costs......................................................................................................10
Table 7 — Site 7 Construction Costs......................................................................................................10
Table 8 - Site 8 Construction Costs......................................................................................................11
Table 9 — Site 9 Construction Costs......................................................................................................11
Table 10 — Site 10 Construction Costs
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Table 11— Site 11 Construction Costs
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Table 12 — Site 12 Construction Costs
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Table 13 — Site 13 Construction Costs
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Table 14 — Site 14 Construction Costs
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Table 15 — Site 15 Construction Costs
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Table 16 — Site 16 Construction Costs
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Table 17 — Site 17 Construction Costs
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Table 18 — Site 18 Construction Costs
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Table 19 — Site 19 Construction Costs
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Table 20 — Site 20 Construction Costs
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Table 21— Site 21 Construction Costs
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Table 22 — Site 22 Construction Costs
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Table 23 — Site 23 Construction Costs
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Table 24 — Site 24 Construction Costs
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Table 25 — Site 25 Construction Costs
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Table 26 — Site 26 Construction Costs
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Table 27 — Site 27 Construction Costs
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Table 28 — Site 28 Construction Costs
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Table 29 — Site 29 Construction Costs
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Table 30 — Site 30 Construction Costs
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Table 31— Site 31 Construction Costs...........................................:......................................................24
Table 32 — Site 32 Construction Costs..................................................................................................24
Table 33 — Site 33 Construction Costs..................................................................................................25
Table 34 — Site 34 Construction Costs..................................................................................................26
Table 35 — Site 35 Construction Costs...........................................................:......................................27
Table 36 — Site 36 Construction Costs..................................................•...............................................27
Table 37 — Site 37 Construction Costs..................................................................................................28
Table 38 — Site 38 Construction Costs..................................................................................................29
Table 39 — Site 39 Construction Costs.............................................................:....................................29
Table 40 — Site 40 Construction Costs
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Table 41 — Site 41 Construction Costs
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Table 42 — Site 42 Construction Costs
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Table 43 — Site 43 Construction Costs
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Table 44 — Site 45 Construction Costs
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Table 45 — Site 46 Construction Costs
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Table 46 — Site 48 Construction Costs
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Table 47 — Site 49 Construction Costs
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Table 48 — Site 50 Construction Costs
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Table 49 - Site 51 Construction Costs
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Table 50 — Site 52 Construction Costs
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Table 51 — Site 53 Construction Costs
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Table 52 — Site 54 Construction Costs
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Table 53 — Site 55 Construction Costs
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TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
INTRODUCTION
The Town of Surf City is a beach community located largely in Pender County in coastal southeastern
North Carolina. Situated on a barrier island, Surf City had a permanent year-round population of 1,191
residents according to recent estimates from the Office of State Planning. However, this population
figure increases dramatically during the summer months when the town experiences a seasonal influx of
tourists, who are drawn to area beaches. Because of this, Surf City's local economy is heavily dependent
upon tourism.
Surf City is bordered on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and on the west by the Intercoastal Waterway,
though the town has recently annexed some areas on the mainland. North Topsail Beach borders the
town to the north, while Topsail Beach borders the town to the south. The topography of the area is
nearly level to gently sloping. Elevation ranges from sea level to 15 feet, except along the beach where
the elevation tends to be higher because of the dune ridge. The average climate for Surf City is hot and
humid during the summer, though frequently cooled by ocean breezes, and cool in the winter with
occasionally brief cold spells. Average temperatures range from 45' F in the winter months and 87' F in
the summer months. The total annual precipitation for the area is nearly 34 inches, with approximately 20
inches falling from April to September.
Coastal Pender County, like the rest of coastal North Carolina, is experiencing unprecedented growth.
Pender County experienced a 28% growth rate last year in population alone. A prime reason for this
growth is the county's coastal location. As mentioned previously, Surf City's economy is primarily
tourism based. Each summer, thousands of tourists vacation in the town's condominiums, cottages,
motels, and other rental properties. Each summer, the tourism rate and number of vacationers continues
to increase. Additionally, Surf City has also experienced a dramatic increase in its permanent population.
Since 1990, the town's population has increased from 940 residents to 1,191 residents in 1998, a growth
rate of 22.8%.
With such growth comes increasing developmental pressure. Each year, additional homes, motels,
condos, and other dwellings are constructed to accommodate an ever-increasing permanent and tourist
population. Additionally, this growth also necessitates the demand for increased services in the form of
retail shops, offices, restaurants, and other businesses, which further increases developmental pressure.
Development often brings a corresponding increase in the amount of impervious surfaces in the form of
rooftops, parking lots, roadways, and other permanent surfaces. In urban areas, impervious surfaces are
a major cause of problems associated with stormwater runoff along with loss of vegetative cover and
other earth disturbing activities associated with rapid development. Increased development within Surf
City and the corresponding increase in impervious surfaces coverage is a leading cause of the stormwater
runoff problems the town is currently experiencing.
Serious stormwater runoff problems typically arise in Surf City after a rainfall event in excess of one -inch.
Such events occur frequently. The Surf City area experiences a one -inch rainstorm, on average, once a
month and a two-inch rainstorm about once every two months. Local soil conditions dictate that only a
certain amount of runoff will infiltrate through the soil before complete saturation is achieved. This point
is reached quickly given the fact that over 65% of the town's residential and business areas are developed
and covered in impervious surfaces. When rainfall occurs in excess of one inch, the runoff quickly
infiltrates the soil to the point of saturation. Eventually, runoff will begin collecting in low-lying areas,
resulting in ponding and flooding. This situation can be worsened depending upon tidal conditions.
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Ponding of stormwater results in serious driving hazards, cracks and undermines roadbeds and pavement,
and can infiltrate sewer lines, manholes, and other parts of Surf City's infrastructure. Flooding of low-
lying areas can weaken foundations, damage homes and businesses, and cause other property -related
damages. One consequence of flooding and ponding are repeated repair and property -related costs
incurred by private individuals as well as at the local, state, and federal level. Additionally, because of
impervious surfaces, stormwater runoff velocity and delivery rates dramatically increase. The rate of
flooding is increased while area waterways and wetlands experience channel erosion and sedimentation,
the disposition of sediment, and a general loss of habitat. Further, as stormwater runoff passes over
impervious surfaces, it picks up pollutants that otherwise would have been absorbed into the soil. This
serves to increase the concentration and discharge of pollutants into area surface and ground waters.
This concentration of pollutants serves to degrade water quality and damage the estuarine environment.
Because of this, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), considers urban runoff and stormwater
discharges as the second most prevalent source or water degradation in estuaries. Additionally, the
j� pollutants have the potential to contaminate groundwater supplies.
(j The Town of Surf City is undertaking an effort to study the problems associated with urban stormwater
runoff, which the town currently experiences. This Stormwater Management Study is the beginning of an
effort to explore and initiate ways to address and mitigate the effects of stormwater runoff. This study
will focus on two separate issues. First, this study will identify problem drainage areas and offer
strategies to immediately alleviate flooding and ponding resulting from stormwater runoff. This part of
the study provides a short-term remedy. However, given the natural and man-made obstacles that exist,
some areas may not be responsive to drainage improvements or financial costs could mitigate against any
improvements.
Secondly, this study will explore the causes and impacts of urban stormwater runoff and offer various
remediation strategies for mitigating the effects of stormwater runoff. This part of the study focuses on
D long-term solutions by offering various structural and non-structural (regulatory and non -regulatory)
strategies that are available and have been used effectively throughout the United States. By offering a
number of strategies, the Town of Surf City will be able to review and select those strategies that are best
suited for the local environment. This will allow the town to craft a stormwater management plan to
meet local conditions and needs.
aGeological Description
Pender County lies within the Cape Fear River Basin and is located in the Lower Coastal Plain
physiographic region. The elevation of the county ranges from sea level along the Atlantic Ocean to 110
fee above sea level in the western part of the county. The terrain of the county is generally nearly level
with short slopes along the main drainageways. The Cape Fear River along with the Northeast Cape Fear
River forms the southern boundary of the county. The Cape Fear River in conjunction with the Northeast
Cape Fear and Black rivers drains nearly the entire county. Streams in the eastern part of the county
drain into the Intercoastal Waterway. All area waterways are affected to some extent by daily tidal
n action.
�1 The Town of Surf City itself is located on a barrier island that is part of the Outer Banks, which cover
a only a small portion of the Pender County. The general elevation of Surf City ranges from sea level up to
15 feet. However, a few of the sand dunes can reach an elevation of up to 40 feet. In most places, this
dune ridge is from 200 to 500 feet wide. The dunes and barrier ridges around Surf City protect the
amainland from wave action and impede tidal action against the mainland shore. Elevation is an important
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flaspect of Surf City's topography. The island's low areas are less than one foot above mean sea level,
making existing drainage patterns virtually useless at high tide.
DThe Outer Banks were formed by natural forces —winds, waves, long -shore currents, and tidal action, as
well as rivers and creeks emptying into the bays, the sounds and the ocean. Such natural forces continue
to move sediment, causing the barrier island system to be continuously reshaped. In essence, barrier
islands migrate, or "roll over," as time passes. The movement of the barrier islands of Pender County
tends to be westward in motion, migrating towards the mainland.
The soil composition and vegetative cover of the Outer Banks is such that it can tolerate the salt spray of
the ocean and the salinity of the floodwaters from over wash. Because of this, vegetation coverage is
Sparse and the soil is sandy. This sandy soil typically has a slow infiltration rate. Sea oats and American
beach grass dominate the dune system immediately along the beach. Yaupon, wax myrtle, red cedar,
broom sedge, and live oak are found on interior portions behind the dune line. Further inland are
maritime forests consisting of thick stands of live oak, water oak, dogwood, and loblolly pine. All of
these plant species have the ability to intercept and store significant amounts of stormwater. Left in its
natural state, the barrier -island environment serves as an effective stormwater drainage system.
QSurf City and the island of Topsail Beach, however, consist of heavily development concentrated in
densely populated areas. Such development has inhibited the natural drainage and filtering characteristics
of the barrier island environment. Vegetative cover and natural contours have been altered and replaced
Dby a high percentage of impervious surfaces within Surf City. Parking lots, roadways, and rooftops and
impaired impervious surfaces, known as compacted, urban soils, have replaced the natural landscape.
These surfaces do not allow runoff to infiltrate into the soil. Instead, runoff is intensified by such
surfaces. This serves to channel runoff into drainage systems, overwhelming them because of increased
volume and velocity, or the runoff flows to low-lying areas, where ponding and flooding often result.
O Stormwater runoff is also aggravated by tidal action. Drainage of runoff is essentially ineffective at high
tide, causing stormwater to quickly accumulate in low-lying areas. In addition, many of the existing
drainage systems are hindered by sedimentation and debris build-up, thus further inhibiting stormwater
runoff.
General Soil Description
(� The Town of Surf City lies within the Carteret-Newhan-Corolla soil series. Soils that comprise this soil
U series are nearly level to moderately steep. Sandy throughout its entire depth, the soils are very poorly
drained, excessively drained, moderately well drained, or somewhat poorly drained. The Carteret-
Newhan-Corolla series is located primarily in the coastal areas of Pender County in long, narrow steps
and has a predominantly maritime environment. The series slope ranges from 0% to 30%. The primary
soils types are Carteret fine sand, frequently flooded, Newhan fine sand, and Corolla fine sand.
Carteret fine sand, frequently flooded, is a poorly draining soil found on tidal flats and has an elevation of
0 to 3 feet above sea level. The flats are dissected by narrow areas or channels of water. Carteret soils
(� are located in irregularly shaped areas ranging from 10 to 200 acres and have a slope range between 0 to
�.1 2%. The surface layer of Carteret soil is typically dark grayish brown fine sand about 3 inches thick. The
underlying material to a depth of 60 inches is gray and greenish gray fine sand and sand. Infiltration
through this soil is extremely slow or nonexistent given its location within the tidal marshes surrounding
Surf City. Permeability is rapid with the water table fluctuating because of daily tidal action, which
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inundates the soil with brackish salt water. Carteret soils have a very slow infiltration rate and a high
runoff potential.
l� Newhan fine sand is an excessively drained soil found on the undulating dunes and barrier ridges between
beach areas and inland sides of the Outer Banks. Where the barrier ridge joins the beach, nearly vertical
slopes have been cut by wave action at high tide. Newhan soils are subject to over wash during
hurricanes and soil blowing. Elevation ranges from 5 to 30 feet above sea level. Individual areas of
Newhan soils are long, vary in width, and cover an area of between 5 and 500 acres in size. Definitive
surface layer and subsoil formations are lacking in this series because of sparse vegetation and the
L� instability of the dune and barrier ridge environment. Where layers can be discerned, the surface layer is a
grayish brown fine sand about 2 inches thick. The upper portion of the underlying material is light gray
Q fine sand, the middle portion is very pale brown sand, and the lower portion is light gray sand to a depth
of 70 inches. Infiltration and permeability are very rapid while surface runoff is slow. The seasonal high
water table is below a depth of 6 feet. Newhan soils have a high infiltration rate and a low runoff
Dpotential.
Corolla fine sand is a nearly level, moderately well drained to somewhat poorly drained soil. It is located
Q on the Outer Banks adjacent to undulating ridges, but in many areas it has been smoothed for
developmental purposes. Individual areas of Corolla fine sand are long and narrow, ranging in size from
5 to 20 acres in size. Corolla soil typically has a surface layer of grayish brown fine sand about 2 inches
Q thick. The subsoil surface layer is very pale brown and light gray fine sand in the upper portion; light
gray, mottled sand in the center portion; and mottled light gray and light brownish gray sand to a depth of
70 inches in the lower portion. In Corolla soil, both- infiltration and permeability are very rapid, but
D surface runoff is slow. In addition, the available water capacity of the soil is very low and the seasonal
water table is only 1.5 to 3 feet below the surface. Corolla soils have a very slow infiltration rate and a
high runoff potential.
QNEEDS ASSESSMENT
This Stormwater Management Study serves a twofold purpose. The first purpose is to locate and identify
Uproblem drainage areas that are sources of repeated ponding and flooding of stormwater runoff. After
identification, each drainage area will be studied in an effort to recommend solutions to mitigate future
runoff problems. Each drainage area will then be prioritized based on the selected recommendation and
cost. The second purpose is to study the causes and effects of problems associated with urban
stormwater runoff. This part of the study will also provide an extensive list of strategies that can be
Q utilized to mitigate against future runoff problems. By understanding the nature of this problem, the
Town of Surf City can review the various remediation strategies and design a stormwater management
plan best suited for the town.
This study is necessary given the recurrent problems caused by stormwater runoff. Many areas of town
have experienced low lying flooding and ponding from the accumulation of stormwater after heavy rains.
Frequent flooding and ponding can cause repeated damage to property, utilities, and roadways. It also
causes a frequent driving hazard. Hurricanes Bertha, Fran, Bonnie, Dennis, and Floyd have only served
to intensify flooding and damage several times over the past several years at great expense to the town.
In addition, runoff from heavy rains is essentially an untreated effluent discharge. Runoff contains a
concentrated amount of pollutants that are introduced directly into area waterways, which are already
closed to shell fishing due to water degradation.
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A combination of factors makes conditions ideal for recurrence of this problem. Geology, soil
composition, and topography are partly responsible. The town is located at or near sea level and is built
upon a soil series that largely has poor drainage and slow infiltration capabilities with a seasonal high
water table at or near the surface. During heavy rains, runoff is absorbed rapidly into the soil. The high
water table, low elevation, and limited drainage capability means that complete saturation is quickly
achieved. When this point is reached, surface runoff quickly accumulates and finds its way to low lying
areas where it causes ponding or flooding. As rainfall amounts increase, so does the amount of
stormwater. This situation is further affected by tidal action. At high tide, runoff cannot be adequately
discharged to area receiving waters.
Increased development is another factor. Surf City has experienced tremendous growth over the past
decade, which has brought about increased development. Increased development has often been highly
concentrated and densely populated. Development inherently involves land -disturbing activities such as
site clearing and grading. Such activities alter the environment, disturbing natural drainage patterns and
removing vegetative cover that would otherwise absorb a substantial proportion of runoff. However, the
largest contributor from development to the current problem is the high percentage of impervious
surfaces that have been developed in Surf City. Impervious coverage falls into three categories: rooftop
imperviousness, transport imperviousness (roadway -related), and impaired pervious surfaces (urban
lawns). Each of these categories is found within the town. These surfaces reduce the amount of land
available to absorb runoff by creating an impenetrable barrier and channeling runoff. As mentioned, local
soil conditions dictate slow infiltration. But because of development and the high percentage of
impervious surface coverage, infiltration occurs only in small areas surround by pavement, which serves
to magnify and intensify the rate and velocity of runoff.
An additional factor is the lack of a comprehensive stormwater sewer system and the current state of
existing drainage systems. The town lacks a comprehensive, interconnected stormwater system. Such a
system would not only involve pipes, ditches, and culverts, but also a system of retention ponds and/or
grass swales. Such a system could ease runoff problems, but it is not a feasible option because of cost.
Present drainage structures are piecemeal and not part of a comprehensive system. Stormwater systems
have been put in by various entities —Department of Transportation and private developers —to handle
runoff at specific locations. Maintenance on such structures is left up to the state or private parties. Any
maintenance is spotty and inconsistent resulting in the build-up of sediment and debris, which inhibits the
effectiveness of existing drainage structures.
Public health threats are created by water hazards on roadways and flooding of low-lying areas. Ponding
along roadways can cause traffic accidents, block access for emergency vehicles, and damage
automobiles. Homes and businesses located in low-lying areas can suffer weakened foundations and
damage to heating and cooling units from flooding. Local roadways subjected to ponding and flooding
can suffer a weakened road base and deteriorated pavement, which necessitates frequent repairs.
Ponding creates a health hazard by providing a breeding ground for disease -carrying insects and a
concentrated location for polluted runoff. Flooding of manholes deposits sand, grit, and other debris in
sewer lines that must be cleaned out in order not to damage the sewer system. The combination of these
problems creates a financial burden for Surf City and continues repeated outlays of disaster assistance
from federal, local, and state sources. Additionally, property -related damage can reduce property values,
which in turn can affect property tax revenues.
By identifying and prioritizing the most trouble -prone areas, this study allows the town to immediately
focus on remedying the five sites identified by this report. In the short term, addressing each site and
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U finding a solution to alleviate flooding will serve to reduce the current threats from flooding and ponding.
In the long term, providing a number of options to respond to runoff problems allows the town to
(� develop an effective management strategy to reduce stormwater runoff. Ideally, it is hoped that
U combining these two approaches can alleviate the current problems associated with stormwater runoff
The ultimate goal is to reduce the frequency and amount of stormwater runoff, thereby lessening its
impacts. Reducing the recurrence rate should reduce property damage and clean-up costs. It should also
reduce the frequency of future outlays of disaster assistance from various government agencies.
PART I: PROBLEM DRAINAGE AREAS
Available Alternatives
The Town of Surf City is experiencing ponding and low-lying flooding associated with stormwater
runoff. This is a recurrent problem that is experienced after heavy rainfalls in excess of one inch. Such
recurring problems can damage roads, cause property damage, create driving hazards and other public
health threats, create financial burdens for local governments, and require repeated disaster -related
outlays of repair funding. A lack of a comprehensive stormwater drainage system, increased
(� development, and naturally occurring geological and soil conditions contribute to stormwater impacts.
jj Part of this study's purpose is to identify problem drainage areas within Surf City and offer solutions to
lessen the impacts of repeated flooding and ponding. Two alternatives can be considered and are as
follows:
• Do-nothing alternative
D• Drop inlet with sock pipe system alternative
Alternative 91: Do-nothing Alternative
The do-nothing alternative must always be considered to determine whether or not it represents a viable
option. Since this option involves no construction costs or impacts, it is easy to suggest that it is always
the lowest -priced option. In practice, it is often the most expensive option since it allows a known
problem to continue. This alternative is only viable when a local government is willing to accept the
continuation of existing problems and the problems inherent in such an approach.
By doing nothing, flooding and ponding will only continue to occur. Maintenance and repair costs will
continue to arise after flooding and ponding because of continued cleanup and repair costs. The State of
North Carolina will also continue to incur maintenance and repair costs for those areas of state-owned
highways that are weakened and damaged. Local residents and business also face continued repair costs
associated with flooding. Further, the Town of Surf City could face an insurance liability and potential
litigation if it becomes known that area drainage is inadequate and no effort was made to correct
associated problems.
Alternative #2: Drop Inlet with Sock Pipe System Alternative
This alternative consists of a drop inlet and a system of sock pipes. This type of system is also commonly
referred to as a "French" drain. The drop inlet is a typical precast or block drop inlet used for stormwater
(� sewer systems. The bottom of the inlet is located approximately 1 to 2 feet below the pipe and acts as a
(J settling basin for sand. Such systems need to be routinely inspected and cleaned in order for the
effectiveness of the system to be maintained. The sock pipe consists of corrugated black tubing
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U containing holes or slits to allow water to exit the pipe and drain into the ground. The pipe is wrapped
with a filtering fabric, or sock, to prevent sand or other materials from entering the pipe. One variation of
this system is surrounding the pipe in a bed of rock with the filter fabric located on the outside of the
rock. This configuration is typically used with larger diameter piping. The advantage of this system is its
cost and ease of construction. However, this type of system will lose its effectiveness over time if it is
not periodically inspected and cleaned. Sand and other material can fill up this system, clogging up the
sock pipe and preventing runoff from draining.
Site Descriptions and Recommendations
A site description along with recommendations and construction costs are provided for each problem
R drainage area in this section. Site locations are provided in Appendix A. The estimated cost for
U correcting all problem drainage areas is $389,065.00.
Site 1— South Shore Drive (3000 Block)
Existing Conditions
11
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Site 1 is located in the 3000 block of South Shore Dr. (NC 50). Stormwater runoff is concentrated on
the western (sound) side of South Shore Dr. at a driveway located approximately between 3003 and
3005 South Shore Dr. This driveway creates a slight dip next to the road. The surrounding elevation
increases along S. Shore Dr. toward intersections located north and south of the affected area. The
east (ocean) side of the road is at a higher elevation, sloping back toward the dip. Such conditions in
effect create a shallow bowl with no outlet, allowing runoff to collect and pond along the roadway
during heavy rain events.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 1— Site 1 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING& BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
SUBTOTAL
$3,457.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
Site 2 — South Shore Drive (2800 Block)
Existing Conditions
Site 2 is located in the 2800 block of S. Shore Dr. Runoff collects at 2817 S. Shore Dr. where a
concrete driveway connects to the road creating a slight depression. Both the concrete drive and the
surrounding grassy terrain slope up and away from this site. Additionally, S. Shore Dr. is crowned in
the center with the southbound lane sloping toward this depression. Runoff channels along the roadside
at this location causing stormwater to collect and overspread the roadway.
DENGINEERING SERVICES, PA 7
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TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
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Recommended Action and Costs
Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 2 — Site 2 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
SUBTOTAL
$3,457.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
Sites 3& 4 — 2717& 2714 South Shore Dr.
Existing Conditions
.__ Site 3 is located at 2717 S. Shore Dr. At this site, S. Shore Dr.
- slopes from north to south to a low spot located along the
road's west (sound) side at 2717 S. Shore Dr. Adjacent to this
site is a sand and gravel parking area that slopes up and away
from this low spot. Runoff collects at this site and as volume
increases, runoff eventually backs up to 2719B S. Shore Dr.
along the roadway. Site 4 is located at 2714 S. Shore Dr. on
the east (ocean) side of the road. Runoff collects at a low point
located at the juncture of a concrete driveway and the roadway.
As volume increases, runoff ponds and spreads into S. Shore
Dr. During medium to heavy rainfall, runoff collects on both sides of the highway at Sites 3 and 4,
often creating stormwater ponding that extends from 75 to 100 yards on either side.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe for Site 3 and install two (2) drop inlet and
200 linear feet of sock pipe for Site 4.
Table 3 — Site 3 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
IAFNrIMFFQIN(: AFRVIRFC PA R

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TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
SUBTOTAL
0
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
Table 4 — Site 4 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
200
LF
$3.80
$760.00
DROP INLET
2
EA
$1,500.00
$3,000.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
200
LF
$15.00
$3,000.00
SEEDING
0.05
AC
$3,850.00
$192.50
SUBTOTAL
$6,952.50
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$1,042.88
TOTAL
$7,995.38
Site 5 — 2622 South Shore Dr.
Existing Conditions
Site 5 is located at 2622 S. Shore Dr. where a slight depression is
located adjacent to the roadbed at the juncture of the highway and
a gravel/sand driveway. This low spot extends towards the
centerline of the highway with the road sloping from this point
upward to the west (sound) side of the highway. An elevated area
of sand and sparse vegetation, which creates a slight depression,
surrounds the area adjacent to the gravel/sand drive. The
conditions combine to cause severe ponding of stormwater runoff,
creating a significant hydroplaning hazard.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install two (2) drop inlets and 150 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 5 — Site 5 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
150
LF
$3.80
$570.00
DROP INLET
2
EA
$1,500.00
$3,000.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
150
LF
$15.00
$2,250.00
SEEDING
0.03
AC
$3,850.00
$115.00
SUBTOTAL
$5,935.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$890.33
TOTAL
$6,826.83
FN(:INFFRINr: SRFRV1r.FR FO Q
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DTOWN OF SURF CITY
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
Site 6 — 2604 South Shore Dr.
Existing Conditions
Site 6 is located at approximately 2604 S. Shore Dr. A low spot exists at this point where a
gravel/sand driveway meets S. Shore Dr. on the east (ocean) side of the highway. S. Shore Dr. at this
location slopes downward toward the driveway. This low spot continues to slope downward and
parallel the roadway to 2602 S. Shore Dr. creating a natural channel in which stormwater can collect.
This site only floods under heavy to severe rainfall events.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 6 — Site 6 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
SUBTOTAL
$3,457.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
Site 7 & 8 — 2400 Block of South Shore Dr.
Existinz Conditions
Sites 7 and 8 are located at 2422, 2423, and 2425 South Shore Drive. Site 7 is a low spot exists in the
roadway in front of 2422 S. Shore Dr. that collects and ponds stormwater. On the east (ocean) side of
this site, the terrain slopes upward away from the road. This situation combined with the road's center
crown serves to create a slight depression, trapping runoff. Site 8 is located at 2423 and 2425 S. Shore
Dr. opposite from Site 7. At 2423 S. Shore Dr., the terrain slopes up and away from the road. Like
Site 7, the road's center crown creates a bowl -like affect, trapping runoff. At 2425 S. Shore Dr., the
terrain slopes down and away from the road. Each location is comprised of sandy soils or covered by
an impervious surface of pavement, gravel, or packed sand. Once complete saturation has occurred,
stormwater collects and creates a ponding effect on either side of the road. This creates a hydroplaning
hazard for motorists.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe for Site 7 and install one (1) drop inlet and
100 linear feet of sock pipe for Site 8.
Table 7 — Site 7 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
ENGINEERING SERVICES, PA 10

QTOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
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ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
Ac
$3,850.00
$77.00
SUBTOTAL
$1,577.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
Table 8 — Site 8 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
SUBTOTAL
$3,457.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
0 Site 9 — 2410 S. Shore Dr.
11,
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Existins! Conditions
Site 9 is located at 2410 S. Shore Dr. The roadway at this location has a high center crown, with the
east (ocean) side of the road sloping downward to 2410 S. Shore Dr. The terrain adjacent to this site
slopes up and away from the road, creating a channel extending from this point northward to 2408 S.
Shore Dr. Runoff flows into this slough, creating a ponding affect along these two lots. Runoff
absorption is further impeded by a significant amount of impervious surfaces, comprised of pavement, a
gravel driveway, and packed sand surface. Ponding overspreads the north -bound lain during heavy
rains, creating a hydroplaning hazard.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 9 — Site 9 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
SUBTOTAL
$3,457.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
QENGINEERING SERVICES, PA 11
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F I TOWN OF SURF CITY
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
Site10 — 2300 & 2400 Blocks of South Shore Dr.
Existing Conditions
Site 10 is located at the intersection of S. Shore Dr. and Cutlass
�Dr. A low spot is located approximately in the center of this
intersection on the west (sound) side of the highway. This low
spot extends into both corners of the intersection, trapping
�- stormwater runoff and creating a ponding effect. South Shore
Dr. at this location contains a flat spot that extends from the
intersection across the highway to the east (ocean) side of the
highway. A severe rain event causes ponding not only at the
intersection, but across S. Shore Dr. as well, creating a
hydroplaning hazard.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install two (2) drop inlets and 200 linear feet of sock pipe.
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Table 10 — Site 10 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
200
LF
$3.80
$760.00
DROP INLET
2
EA
$1,500.00
$3,000.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
200
1 LF
$15.00
$3,000.00
SEEDING
0.05
AC
$3,850.00
$192.50
SUBTOTAL
$6,952.50
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$1,042.88
TOTAL
$7,995.38
Site 11—South Shore Dr. (2700 Block)
Existing Conditions
Site 11 is located at 2317 S. Shore Dr. A dip exists within S.
Shore Dr. at this location, which is comprised of an empty lot.
On the east (ocean) side of the road, the ground slopes upward
from the road bed. On the west (sound) side of the road, the
terrain slopes downward from the roadbed. In between 2317
and 2318 S. Shore Dr., the road is level to nearly level. These
factors combine to create a depression at this location. During
periods of heavy rain, runoff collects and creates ponding across
S. Shore Dr.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe.
0
Frjr. N :;:Pim : SFRVI(:FC PO
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TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
Table 11— Site 11 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EZ
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
CONCRETE PATCH
22
SY
$25.00
$550.00
SUBTOTAL
$4,007.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$601.05
TOTAL
$4,608.05
Site 12 — South Shore Dr. (1700 Block)
Existing Conditions
Site 12 is located in the 1700 block of South Shore Dr,
specifically at Lots 1716 and 1801. The east (ocean) side of
this site slopes upward moving away from the road. The west
(sound) side of this site slopes downward moving away from
the road. The low point of the road is located at an empty lot
north of 1801 S. Shore Dr. Runoff flows from the east side of
the road through this low spot. This runoff collects on the west
side of the road at 1716A S. Shore Dr., creating a sizeable
ponding of stormwater.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 12 — Site 12 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
SUBTOTAL
$3,457.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
FN('+INFFRIM/: SFRvir.FC PA
1.14

TOWN OF SURF CITY
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
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Site 13 —1701 S. Shore Dr.
Existing Conditions
Site 13 is located at approximately 1701 S. Shore Dr. A dip in the road is located just north of this site,
which extends across the highway. The grade of the road slopes downward toward the east (ocean)
side of S. Shore Dr. The terrain on either side of the roadbed slopes upward from S. Shore Dr. Sparse
vegetation, pavement, and packed gravel/sand driveways impede drainage of runoff. During medium to
heavy rains, stormwater runoff collects and ponds, creating a hydroplaning hazard.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 13 — Site 13 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
SUBTOTAL
$77.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
Site 14 —South Shore Dr. @ Sandy Lane
Existing Conditions
Site 14 is located at the intersection of S. Shore Dr. and Sandy Lane. This site is a residential area
composed of impervious surfaces —rooftops, driveways, and pavement —steep slopes, sandy soil, and
sparse vegetative cover. A dip is located.,in the road at Sandy Ln., which is the source of the problem.
Residential lots surround the area with steep, sloping lots angled towards the dip in the road. This area
experiences severe flooding during periods of heavy rain. The entire surface of the road is typically
completely covered by stormwater runoff. During excessive rainfalls, runoff is directed to this dip and
creates a large puddle of runoff. As the amount of runoff ircreases, the entire road becomes completely
covered by runoff.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install two (2) drop inlets and 200 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 14 — Site 14 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
200
LF
$3.80
$760.00
DROP INLET
2
EA
$1,500.00
$3,000.00
ENGINEERING SERVICES, PA 14

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TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
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ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
200
LF
$15.00
$3,000.00
SEEDING
0.05
AC
$3,850.00
$192.50
SUBTOTAL
$3,192.50
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$1,042.88
TOTAL
$7,995.38
Site 15 — South Shore Dr. (1600 Block)
Existing Conditions
Site 15 is located at 1601 and 1602 S. Shore Dr. A dip is located at an empty lot (1602) on the east
(ocean) side of this site. The road slopes downward toward the shoulder with terrain on the road's
west (sound) side sloping upward from the shoulder. Beyond the road's shoulder, the terrain slopes
upward away from the roadbed. The terrain north and south of this dip slopes upward as well, forming
a depression. The area is covered by either pavement or sandy soil that can become quickly saturated.
Runoff has no natural outlet and drains into the dip, causing stormwater ponding at 1602 S. Shore Dr.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 15 — Site 15 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
i SUBTOTAL
$3,457.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
Site 16 —1 500 Block of S. Shore Dr.
Existing Conditions
Site 16 is located in the 1500 block of S. Shore Dr. north of its intersection of Shae's Landing. This
problem area affects addresses 1507 through 1513. S. Shore Dr. slightly descends into a shallow bowl,
forming a low, flat stretch of highway. On either side of S. Shore Dr., the surrounding terrain slopes
upward slightly, cutting off natural drainage patterns. During heavy rains, runoff ponds on either side
of the road and can, depending upon rainfall amount and intensity, cover the entire road surface.
Ponding typically occurs in front of 1511, 1512, 1516 S. Shore Dr.
it
ENGINEERING SERVICES, PA 15

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TOWN OF SURF CITY
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
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Recommended Action and Costs
Install two (2) drop inlets and 200 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 16 — Site 16 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
200
LF
$3.80
$760.00
DROP INLET
2
EA
$1,500.00
$3,000.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
200
LF
$15.00
$3,000.00
SEEDING
0.05
AC
$3,850.00
$192.50
SUBTOTAL
$6,952.50
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (150/6)
$1,042.88
TOTAL
$7,995.38
Site 17— S. Shore Dr. @Atkinson Road
Existing Conditions
Site 17 is located at the intersection of S. Shore Dr. and Atkinson Road. S. Shore Dr. at this
intersection is crowned in the center with a low point located on the east (ocean) side of the
intersection. Atkinson Rd. is comprised of a gravel/sand surface where it joins S. Shore Dr. From the
center crown, the pavement slopes downward toward the shoulder on the east (ocean) side of the
roadbed. Adjoining terrain along this channel slopes upward toward the dune line. Significant ponding
occurs in front of 1504 S. Shore Dr., and frequently covers the northbound lane.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 17 — Site 17 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
SUBTOTAL
$3,457.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
Site 18 & 19 —1400 Block of South Shore Dr.
Existing Conditions
O Sites 18 and 19 are located in the 1400 block of S. Shore Dr. near the intersection of Driftwood Drive.
At this location, the following addresses are usually affected by runoff. 1402 — 1410. A dip in the road
occurs at Lot 1408 with the east (ocean) side of the shoulder sloping upward from the road. The west
ENGINEERING SERVICES, PA 16

TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
creates an impervious surface of compacted sand and asphalt, which serve to prevent proper
�w stormwater drainage.
Recommended Action and Costs
( Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe for Site 18 and install two (2) drop inlets and
l� 200 linear feet of sock pipe for Site 19.
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Table 18 — Site 18 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
1 LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
SUBTOTAL
$3,457.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
Table 19 — Site 19 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
200
LF
$3.80
$760.00
DROP INLET
2
EA
$1,500.00
$3,000.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
200
LF
$15.00
$3,000.00
SEEDING
0.05
AC
$3,850.00
$192.50
SUBTOTAL
$6,952.50
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$1,042.88
TOTAL
$7,995.38
LSite 20 —1000 Block of S. Shore Dr.
Existing Conditions
t"
i4
Site 20 is located in the 1000 block of S. Shore Dr., at Lots 1017
and 1018. South Shore Dr. through this area is nearly level with a
slight depression located on the east (ocean) side of the highway.
On the west (sound) side of the highway, the ground slopes away
from the road at Lot 1017. The property surrounding this portion of
S. Shore Dr. stands at a slightly higher elevation than the roadbed.
Surface cover is either grass lawns or paved, concrete, or
compacted gravel/sand driveways. Stormwater filtration and
drainage is impeded by the slight depression, amount of impervious
surface, and the raised elevation of the surrounding terrain.
Significant ponding occurs during heavy rains at a driveway located at 1018 S. Shore Dr. and often
overspreads the road.
c.6 FuriNFFPimr. SFRvirFC PO 17

TOWN OF SURF CITY
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
r-
Recommended Action and Costs
�? Install two (2) drop inlets and 200 linear feet of sock pipe.
r
Table 20 — Site 20 Construction Costs
F1,
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6
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
200
LF
$3.80
$760.00
DROP INLET
2
EA
$1,500.00
$3,000.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
200
LF
$15.00
$3,000.00
SEEDING
0.05
AC
$3,850.00
$192.50
SUBTOTAL
$6,952.50
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$1,042.88
TOTAL
$7,995.38
Site 21— South Shore Dr @ Crosswinds (900 Block)
Existing Conditions
Site 21 is located at the entrance of the Crosswinds
condominium complex in the 900 block of S. Shore Dr. The
entrance into Crosswinds stands at a considerably lower
elevation than either the road or surrounding terrain. On the
east (ocean) side of S. Shore Dr. the ground slopes slightly up
and away from the roadbed. Ponding of stormwater is
concentrated at the entrance into Crosswinds. Ponding also
occurs across from the entrance to Crosswinds at 906A-D S.
Shore Dr.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install three (3) drop inlets and 200 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 21— Site 21 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
200
LF
$3.80
$760.00
DROP INLET
3
EA
$1,500.00
$4,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
200
LF
$15.00
$3,000.00
SEEDING
0.05
AC
$3,850.00
$192.50
ASPHALT PATCHING
50
SY
$8.00
$400.00
SUBTOTAL
$8,852.50
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$1,327.88
TOTAL
$10,180.38
FN/:INFFRIN/: SFRvirF:.i PO 1R

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TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
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Site 22 — 810 South Shore Dr.
TS
Existing Conditions
Site 22 is located at 810 S. Shore Dr. A concrete driveway intersects with S. Shore Dr. at this location.
Runoff problems are compounded at this site by several factors. S. Shore Dr. contains a dip at its
intersection with this concrete driveway, creating a slight depression that slopes towards the driveway
entrance. The surrounding terrain is nearly level, causing runoff to concentrate in this dip. This
problem site is further influenced by the presence of sandy soil and pack surfaces and pavement.
Runoff typically concentrates in the dip and spreads along the roadside and into the northbound lane of
►" the highway.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 22 — Site 22 Construction Costs
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ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
SUBTOTAL
$3,457.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
Sites 23 & 24 — 702, 703, 707 South Shore Dr.
ExistinLy Conditions
Site 23 is located at 707 S. Shore Dr while Site 24 is located at
702 and 703 S. Shore Dr. At 707 S. Shore Dr., the road
contains a slight depression. This depression is buffered by a
r grass lawn that stands at a higher elevation than the road. This
situation is further aggravated by the extreme flatness of the
area on both sides of S. Shore Dr. Runoff concentrates at this
I location and causes a large ponding of stormwater, which
spreads across the road from 706A to 614 S. Shore Dr.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install two (2) drop inlets and 200 linear feet of sock pipe for Site 23 and install on (1) drop inlet and
i - 100 linear feet of sock pipe for Site 24.
L-6
FNrwFFRiWr RFRuirFc PA 19

TOWN OF SURF CITY
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
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Table 23 — Site 23 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
200
LF
$3.80
$760.00
DROP INLET
2
EA
$1,500.00
$3,000.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
200
LF
$15.00
$3,000.00
SEEDING
0.05
AC
$3,850.00
$192.50
SUBTOTAL
$6,952.50
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$1,042.88
TOTAL
$7,995.38
Table 24 — Site 24 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
1 LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
SUBTOTAL
$3,457.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
Site 25 — 606 South Shore Dr.
L ExistinLy Conditions
Site 25 is located near 606 S. Shore Dr. south of the Charlotte
Avenue intersection. Runoff problems affect 607 and 608 S.
Shore Dr. as well. S. Shore drive contains a dip at this site. On
l both sides of the roadway, the surrounding terrain slopes
upward away from the roadbed. This serves to channel runoff
toward this dip. Further, the area is largely composed of grass
or sand -covered, empty lots. Stormwater runoff tends to collect
on both sides of the road at 606 S. Shore Dr. During periods of
heavy rainfall, portions of the roadway can become covered
with water, causing a hydroplaning hazard.
Recommended Action and Costs
l_ Install three (3) drop inlets and 300 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 25 — Site 25 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
300
LF
$3.80
$1,140.00
DROP INLET
3
EA
$1,500.00
$4,500.00
FN(:INFr:Pwr..S`FRV1(-FC PO in

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TOWN OF SURF CITY
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
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ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
300
LF
$15.00
$4,500.00
SEEDING
0.07
AC
$3,850.00
$269.50
SUBTOTAL
$4,769.50
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$1,561.43
TOTAL
$11,970.93
Site 26 — South Shore Dr. @ Raleigh Ave.
Existing Conditions
Site 26 is located at the intersection of S. Shore Dr. and Raleigh Avenue. A regional public beach
access is located across from this intersection and contains a gravel surface parking lot. On the east
(ocean) side of this intersection, the ground slopes up and away toward the dune line. S. Shore Dr. at
this intersection contains a noticeable crown that slopes upward from the beach access parking lot. On
the west (sound) side of the intersection, low spots are located in each shoulder of the intersection.
Each low spot is surrounded by upward sloping terrain. Runoff tends to collect in both spots at this
intersection. Runoff ponds in the slight depression located at the entrance of the beach access, causing
water to spread toward the center of the intersection.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 26 — Site 26 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
SUBTOTAL
$3,457.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
Site 27 — South Shore Dr. (300 Block)
Existing Conditions
Site 27 is located at 310 S. Shore Dr. On the east (ocean) side of the road, the ground slopes up and
away from the roadbed. On the west (sound) side at Lot 309, the ground slopes downward from the
roadbed. The road's center crown causes runoff to flow towards the low areas on both sides of the
road. However, the majority of ponding occurs in front of Lot 310. at this location, runoff, as it
collects, spreads outward toward the road's center. This creates a driving hazard for motorists.
ENGINEERING SERVICES, PA 21

TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
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Recommended Action and Costs
Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 27 — Site 27 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
SUBTOTAL
$3,457.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
Site 28 — South Shore Dr. @ High Point Ave
Ezistine Conditions
Site 28 is located at the intersection of S. Shore Dr. and High Point Avenue. A regional public beach
access is located across from this intersection. A noticeable depression is located on the east (ocean)
side of S. Shore Dr. It appears that the depression is concentrated near a manhole located near the
beach access parking lot across form the intersection. A low vacant lot is located in the northwest
quadrant of this intersection. Runoff collects and ponds on the east (ocean) side of S. Shore Dr.
adjacent to Lot 214.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 28 — Site 28 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
SUBTOTAL
$3,457.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
DENGINEERING SERVICES, PA
r-,
22

TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
P-
Site 29 — South Shore Dr. @ Kinston Ave.
Existing Conditions
Site 29 is located at the intersection of S. Shore Dr. and Kinston
Avenue. The roadbed in this area is relatively flat, except for
the center portion of the intersection. The ground located
opposite (ocean side) of the intersection slopes upward towards
the dune line. A vacant lot is located south of Kinston Ave,
which slopes in an upward direction toward S. Topsail Drive.
Another vacant lot located north of Kinston Ave. slopes in a
similar direction. Existing ground cover consists of grass,
pavement, and packed gravel/sand driveways. Such conditions
combine to cause stormwater to pond in the center of the
intersection and along the west (sound) side of S. Shore Dr. north of Kinston Ave.
(� Recommended Action and Costs
L Install four (4) drop inlets and 400 linear feet of sock pipe.
I
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Table 29 — Site 29 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
400
LF
$3.80
$1,520.00
DROP INLET
4
EA
$1,500.00
$6,000.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
400
LF
$15.00
$6,000.00
SEEDING
0.01
AC
$3,850.00
$385.00
SUBTOTAL
$13, 905.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$2,085.75
TOTAL
$15, 990.75
ISites 30 & 31-109 & 115 South Shore Dr.
Existing Conditions
Sites 30 and 31 are located just north of Site 29 at 109 and 115
S. Shore Dr. Proceeding north on S. Shore Dr., the road slopes
in a downward direction. Along the western portion of the
street, approximately 60 yards of a compacted gravel/sand exists
next to the Surf City Grill. The parking lot slopes downward in
the direction S. Topsail Dr where it meets the road. It then
begins a gradual ascent toward the west. An existing storm
drain is located midway along the parking lot. The storm sewer
is full of sand, impeding stormwater runoff. Stormwater runoff
collects within this slight depression. As runoff increases, this
ponding overspreads, inundating the southbound lane of S. Shore Dr.
FNriNFFPimrz RFRvir.Fc PA
73

TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
Recommended Action and Costs
Install two (2) drop inlets and 200 linear feet of sock pipe for Site 30 and install on (2) drop inlet and
200 linear feet of sock pipe for Site 31.
Table 30 — Site 30 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
200
LF
$3.80
$760.00
DROP INLET
2
EA
$1,500.00
$3,000.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
200
LF
$15.00
$3,000.00
SEEDING
0.05
AC
$3,850.00
$192.50
SUBTOTAL
$6,952.50
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$1,042.88
TOTAL
$7,995.38
Table 31— Site 31 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
200
LF
$3.80
$760.00
DROP INLET
2
EA
$1,500.00
$3,000.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
200
LF
$15.00
$3,000.00
SEEDING
0.05
AC
$3,850.00
$192.50
SUBTOTAL
$6,952.50
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$1,042.88
TOTAL
$7,995.38
Site 32 — Batts Ave. @ South Shore Dr.
Existing Conditions
Site 32 is located at the intersection of Batts Avenue and S. Shore Dr. Batts Ave. ends as a paved
parking lot at its intersection with S. Shore Dr. This lot provides parking for a regional public beach
access. This parking lot slopes downward to S. Shore Dr. while Batts Ave. slopes down towards the
center of the intersection. A slight depression has been created at this location partially as a result of
this sloping action. Runoff collects in this depression during heavy rains, creating a driving hazard for
motorists.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install one (1).drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 32 — Site 32 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
ENGINEERING SERVICES, PA 24

TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
III
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ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
ASPHALT PATCHING
110
Sy
$8.00
$880.00
SUBTOTAL
$2,457.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$650.55
TOTAL
$4,987.55
Site 33 —South Topsail Dr. (100 Block)
Existing Conditions
Site 33 is located at approximately 106 S. Topsail Dr. in front of the Surf City IGA supermarket. An
existing storm drain is located on the west (sound) side of the road at the entrance of a pack sand
parking lot. S. Topsail Dr. at this site contains a high center crown creating low spots on either side of
the road. On the east (ocean) side of the road, the entire surface of the area is asphalt, creating a large
area of impervious surface. On the west (sound) side of the road, the parking lot is at a slightly higher
(� elevation. The center crown has essentially created to channels on either side of the road where runoff
U is unable to drain. This allows runoff to pond on both sides of the road.
(� Recommended Action and Costs
U Install four (4) drop inlets and 350 linear feet of 3 6 " diameter pipe with filter fabric.
C
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Table 33 — Site 33 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
36" PIPE W/ FILTER FABRIC
350
LF
$25.00
$8,750.00
#67 WASHED STONE
160
TON
$25.00
$4,000.00
DROP INLET
4
EA
$1,500.00
$6,000.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
350
LF
$15.00
$5,250.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
ASPHALT PATCHING
400
SY
$8.00
$3,200.00
SUBTOTAL
$27,277.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$4,091.55
TOTAL
$31,368.55
0 ENGINEERING SERVICES, PA 25

TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
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I„ Site 34 — NC Hwy 501210 (400 Block)
Existing Conditions
Site 34 is located at the intersection of NC Highways 50 and
210. NC Hwy 50/210 contains a high center crown with the
road sloping downward to the shoulders. This creates low spots
on either side of the road. A gravel parking lot is located on the
road's south side. An asphalt parking lot is located on the
road's north side. Both elements create a wide area of
impervious surface, which prevent stormwater filtration and
intensifies runoff. This runoff is directed to the existing low
spots adjacent to the highway, resulting in ponding.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install two (2) drop inlets and 200 linear feet of 36" diameter pipe with filter fabric.
l_
Table 34 — Site 34 Construction Costs
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ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
36" PIPE W/ FILTER FABRIC
200
LF
$25.00
$5,000.00
#67 WASHED STONE
100
TON
$25.00
$2,500.00
DROP INLET
2
EA
$1,500.00
$3,000.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
200
LF
$15.00
$3,000.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
ASPHALT PATCHING
230
SY
$8.00
$1,840.00
SUBTOTAL
$15,417.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$2,312.55
TOTAL
$17, 729.55
Site 35 — NC Hwy 501210. (500 Block)
Existing Conditions
Site 35 is located in the 500 block of NC Hwy 50/210 in the ,
vicinity of the Ace Hardware Store and Hardee's. Ponding
occurs on either side of the parking lot at Ace Hardware. This
ponding is worsened by the presence of a high center crown in
the roadway. The entire area contains a high percentage of -}
impervious surfaces, some grassed areas, and sloping
elevations. Asphalt, concrete, and other impervious surfaces - -
dominate the watershed area. Hardee's utilizes its own on -site,
stormwater drainage system, which is a French drain -type
system. This area experienced flooding before Hardee's was
built. Flooding is aggravated by the elevated location of Hardee's, which directs much of the runoff
6 FNf:INFFRINr SFRVICFS PA iR

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TOWN OF SURF CITY
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
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towards NC Hwy 210. During excessive rainfalls, the low areas along NC Hwy 210 begin ponding
first. As the amount of runoff increases, sections of the road are eventually inundated by runoff.
F
Recommended Action and Costs
Install two (2) drop inlets and 200 linear feet of 36" diameter pipe with filter fabric.
Table 35 — Site 35 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
36" PIPE W/ FILTER FABRIC
200
LF
$25.00
$5,000.00
#67 WASHED STONE
100
TON
$25.00
$2,500.00
DROP INLET
2
1 EA
$1,500.00
$3,000.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
200
LF
$15.00
$3,000.00
SEEDING
0.05
AC
$3,850.00
$192.50
SUBTOTAL
$13,692.50
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$2,053.88
TOTAL
$15, 746.38
Site 36 — 518 NC Hwy 501210
Existing Conditions
Site 36 is located at 518 NC Hwy 50/210 at Max's Pizza. The
entire area is composed of a gravel/asphalt driveway and
parking lot. Raised grassed islands are also located within this
area. Runoff is hampered by these factors as well as the center
crown of the highway. Runoff is directed toward a slight
depression located in front of the restaurant. Ponding occurs at
l� this location and has the potential to inundate the westbound
lane of NC Hwy 5 0/2 10 during periods of heavy rain.
�- Recommended Action and Costs
l Resurface eastern parking lot entrance to channel runoff to an existing ditch located in the median
between the entrance and exit drive. The ditch in the median should be widened. Resurface the
western parking lot exit to channel runoff to an exiting ditch west of the parking lot.
Table 36 — Site 36 Construction Costs
L
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ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
ASPHALT PATCHING
32
SY
$8.00
$256.00
WIDEN EXISTING CHANNEL
20
LF
$20.00
$400.00
SEEDING
0.05
AC
$3,850.00
$192.50
SUBTOTAL
$848.50
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$127.28
TOTAL
$975.78
FN(:wr-;:P N(: Si:PvirF.0 PA 97

TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
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Sites 37 & 38-100 & 200 Block of New River Drive
Existing Conditions
The 100 and 200 blocks of New River Drive run along the front
of Town Hall and the Wings store. This area consists of large
areas of impervious surface cover, sandy soils, sloping
elevations, and a few grass -covered lawns. The shopping center
next to Town Hall has a parking lot that slopes towards a center
vegetative strip utilizing a gravel covering. The entire parking
lot channels runoff towards New River Drive. Runoff is
channeled along the vegetative strip to a small drainage system
that is clogged by debris and may not be properly sized for
effective drainage. While the adjacent Wings store contains
much of its runoff, the store's elevated location possibly
r contributes to area's runoff. A system of inlets and pipes is
located on the sound side of New River Drive. Runoff from the
shopping center parking lot and for the entire area enters this
system and discharges into an open ditch adjacent to the EMS
building. The entire watershed is comprised of approximately
eleven (11) acres. During excessive rainfalls, the low areas
along New River Drive begin ponding first. Next, as the
amount of runoff increases, sections of the road are eventually
inundated by runoff.
Recommended Action and Costs
Clean out existing drainage structures. Install a new drainage inlet at the southern most corner of
Town Hall parking lot and connect it to an existing drainage inlet located on the other side of NC 210
with 12" sock pipe. Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe at Site 37 and install one
(1) drop inlet and 30 linear feet of sock pipe at Site 38.
Table 37 — Site 37 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
CONCRETE PATCH
22
SY
$25.00
$550.00
SUBTOTAL
$4,007.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$601.05
TOTAL
$4,608.05
FNr:INFFRINC: RFPVIRF.q PO 9R

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Table 38 — Site 38 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
30
LF
$3.80
$114.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
30
LF
$15.00
$450.00
ASPHALT PATCHING
35
SY
$8.00
$280.00
SUBTOTAL
$2,344.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$351.60
TOTAL
$2,695.50
Site 39 — 209 North Shore Drive
Existing Conditions
Site 39 is located at 209 N. Shore Dr. On the east (ocean) side of the road, the terrain slope upwards
away from the roadbed. On the west (sound) side, the terrain slopes upward from the roadbed. The
road is nearly level in this area except for a small depression that runs along the road's western edge.
This is caused by the road's center crown that causes the southbound lane to slope downward toward
the western shoulder. The adjacent terrain is surrounded by grassed areas and sandy soils. Runoff
concentrates in this depression and, depending on the amount of runoff, can cover the entire
southbound lane at 209 N. Shore. Dr.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 39 — Site 39 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
SUBTOTAL
$3,457.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
Site 40 — North Shore Dr. @ Goldsboro Ave.
Existing Conditions
Site 40 is located at the intersection of N. Shore Dr. and Goldsboro Avenue. Storm sewer inlets are
located at the western end of Goldsboro Ave and on the east shoulder of N. Shore Dr. A regional
public beach access is located at this intersection across from Goldsboro Ave. A packed gravel/sand
0 ENGINEERING SERVICES, PA
29

7
TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
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parking lot serves the access, which slopes in an upward direction from the intersection. N. Shore Dr.
at this intersection contains a high center crown. This situation has created a low spot in the center of
Goldsboro Ave. at this intersection. Runoff collects in this low spot, causing ponding that spreads
across the intersection during heavy rainfall.
Recommended Action and Costs
Clean out existing drainage structures and install two (2) drop inlets and 200 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 40 — Site 40 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
200
LF
$3.80
$760.00
DROP INLET
2
EA
$1,500.00
$3,000.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
200
1 LF
$15.00
$3,000.00
SEEDING
0.05
AC
$3,850.00
$192.50
SUBTOTAL
$6,952.50
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$1,042.88
TOTAL
r
$7,995.38
Site 41— Goldsboro Ave. between N. Shore & N. Topsail Drives
Existing Conditions
Site 41 is located in the 200 block of Goldsboro Ave between N. Topsail Dr. and N. Shore Dr. A
pronounced low spot is located on Goldsboro Ave. The low spot is centered at an existing drop inlet in
the center of the road. At this location, an asphalt parking to the north lot slopes up an away from the
road, directing runoff towards the low spot. On the south side of the site, the terrain slopes up and
away from the road. Runoff is channeled toward the low spot. During periods of heavy rain,
stormwater concentrates in this dip, causing a considerable amount of ponding.
Recommended Action and Costs
Clean out existing drainage structures and install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 41— Site 41 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST.
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
SUBTOTAL
$3,457.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
DENGINEERING SERVICES, PA
30

TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
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Site 42 — N. Shore Dr. (400 Block) @ New Bern Ave.
Existing Conditions
Site 42 is located in the 400 block of N. Shore Dr. at the
intersection of New Bern Avenue. The entire intersection is
contained within a slight depression. This depression is
especially pronounced at 405 N. Shore Dr. The entire area is
either covered in asphalt, sand, gravel, or grassed lawns. The
surrounding terrain for this area slopes upward away from the
intersection in all directions. No natural drainage outlet exists
for runoff within this area. During periods of moderate to heavy
rains, the entire intersection is covered by standing water up to
two (2) inches in depth.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install four (4) drop inlets and 400 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 42 — Site 42 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
400
LF
$3.80
$1,520.00
DROP INLET
4
EA
$1,500.00
$6,000.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
400
LF
$15.00
$6,000.00
SEEDING
0.1
AC
$3,850.00
$385.00
ASPHALT PATCHING
70
SY
$8.00
$560.00
SUBTOTAL
$14,465.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$2,169.75
TOTAL
$16,634.75
Site 43 — 522 N. Shore Dr.
Existing Conditions
Site 43 is located at within an S-curve curve located in the 500 block of N. Shore Dr. The specific
problem area is located at 522 N. Shore Dr. At 519 N. Shore Dr., the road slopes towards the ocean to
a low spot just off the shoulder at Lot 522. Another low spot is situated at the intersection of Stevens
Street, which is located across from Lot 522. The entire surrounding terrain on both sides of the street
. , is either all sand or grass.
L
Recommended Action and Costs
Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 43 — Site 43 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
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TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
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ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
SUBTOTAL
$1,577.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
Site 44 — Neiv River Dr. (1100 Block)
Existing Conditions
Site 44 is located in the 1100 of New River Dr. near the intersection of Mecklenburg Avenue. This is a
high traffic area. The road and surrounding ground slopes towards the ocean. Once away from the
road, this area becomes level. During a medium rainfall event, no runoff problems were noted.
Recommended Action and Costs
No action needed.
Site 45 —1214 N. Shore Dr.
Existing Conditions
Site 45 is located in the 1200 block of N. Shore Dr. with runoff problems concentrated at Lot 1214. A
low spot in the road exists at this location. A sand drive providing access to 1214 N. Shore Dr. stands
at a lower elevation than the road surface. From this point eastward, the terrain becomes nearly level.
On the west (sound) side of this location, the terrain slopes up and away from the road. The entire area
is lacking vegetation and is instead covered by either sand, gravel, or concrete.
DRecommended Action and Costs
DInstall two (2) drop inlets and 200 linear feet of sock pipe. Table 44 — Site 45 Construction Costs
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ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
200
LF
$3.80
$760.00
DROP INLET
2
EA
$1,500.00
$3,000.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
200
LF
$15.00
$3,000.00
SEEDING
0.05
AC
$3,850.00
$192.50
SUBTOTAL
$6,952.50
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$1,042.88
TOTAL
$7,995.38
DENGINEERING SERVICES, PA 32
9

TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
Site 46 — New River Dr. @ Pender Ave.
�! Existing Conditions
l_
Site 46 is located at the intersection of New River Dr. and
Pender Avenue. New River Dr. through this intersection is
- crowned along its center. At the its intersection with Pender
Ave., New River Dr. contains low spots. Sand is located at all
�! four corners of the intersection. The surrounding terrain at each
dip slopes up and away from each depression. During heavy
�* rains, runoff is directed towards each depression, causing
L ponding of runoff along Pender Ave.
Recommended Action and Costs
�- Install two (2) drops inlet and 220 linear feet of sock pipe.
r Table 45 — Site 46 Construction Costs
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ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
220
LF
$3.80
$836.00
DROP INLET
2
EA
$1,500.00
$3,000.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
220
LF
$15.00
$3,300.00
SEEDING
0.06
AC
$3,850.00
$231.00
ASPHALT PATCHING
25
SY
$8.00
$200.00
SUBTOTAL
$7,567.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$1,135.05
TOTAL
$8,702.05
Site 47 — 5`1' Street (5000 Block)
Existing Conditions
Site 47 is located in the 5000 block of 5tn Street. The specific problem area is located at 5008 5tn St. A
low spot is located in the road where a concrete driveway provides access from 5t" St. to Lot 5008.
1y The surrounding groundcover is either sand or grassed lawns. During a medium rainfall event, no
runoff problems were noted.
Recommended Action and Costs
No action necessary. The road have been resurfaced recently, which appears to have alleviated any
runoff problems that may have been experienced at this site.
it
FNrINFFRINf+` S;:PvirFC PO
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TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
Site 48 —9002 & 9004 9� Street
Existing Conditions
Site 48 is located at 9002 and 9004 9th Street near the intersection of New River Dr. At this location,
�^ 91h St. slopes in an eastern direction back towards New River Dr. An old asphalt parking lot is located
on the north side of 9th St. at New River Dr. During medium to heavy rainfalls, stormwater is
channeled toward this parking lot, causing runoff to collect and pond. The runoff creates a pool
stretching for approximately 100 feet from 9004 9th St. along the edge of the parking lot back to New
River Dr.
v-
Recommended Action and Costs
Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 46 — Site 48 Construction Costs
I
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.0
0
$1,500.0
0
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.0
0
ASPHALT PATCHING
120
SY
$8.00
$960.00
SUBTOTAL
$4,340.0
0
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$651.00
TOTAL
$4,991.0
0
Site 49 — 6`h Street (6000 Block)
Existing Conditions
Site 49 is located in the 6000 block of 6th Street. Specific
problems areas are located from 6036 to 6050 6th St. and from
6052 to 6072 6th St. A dip is located along 6th St. from Lots
6072 to 6076. Other noticeable low spots are located from 6036
to 6041 and from 6062 to 6066 6th St. Runoff ponds at each
location, covering the road. In other area of this site, low spots
have been created in various locations along the shoulders of 6th
Street. Such low spots occur where the road and surrounding
terrain meet, with the edge of the road being at a slightly lower
elevation. The surrounding terrain is level to nearly level,
which serves to create a trough and prevents runoff. These sites are located from 6045 to 6050 and
6052 to 6061 6th St. During medium to heavy rains, runoff collects and ponds at these sites.
L - F=mrumr-PRIAlr2 RFRVIr:FC PA 3d

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Table 47 — Site 49 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
500
LF
$3.80
$1,900.00
DROP INLET
5
EA
$1,500.00
$7,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
500
LF
$15.00
$7,500.00
SEEDING
0.15
AC
$3,850.00
$577.50
ASPHALT PATCHING
560
SY
$8.00
$4,480.00
SUBTOTAL
$21,957.50
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$3,293.63
TOTAL
$25,251.13
Site 50 — Surf City Baptist Church
Existine Conditions
Site 50 is located at Surf City Baptist Church near the intersection of NC 210 and Wilmington Avenue.
This site is located in the east (ocean) side of NC 210 and is composed of a large asphalt driveway with
two drive ways connecting to NC 210. Grass islands are located between the driveways. Runoff at this
location primarily drains in two directions. Runoff from the parking lot drains towards NC 210.
Runoff along NC 210 is primarily channeled in a southerly direction along the northbound lane of the
highway. Where the driveways connect to NC 210, runoff is also channeled in a northerly direction
along the northbound lane toward each drive way. Low spots are located at each driveway's
intersection. with NC 210 with the grass islands forming slight depressions. It is at each location where
runoff collects and ponds causing a hydroplaning hazard for motorists driving north on NC 210.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install two (2) drop inlets and 200 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 48 — Site 50 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
200
LF
$3.80
$760.00
DROP INLET
2
EA
$1,500.00
$3,000.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
200
LF
$15.00
$3,000.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
ASPHALT PATCHING
50
SY
$8.00
$400.00
SUBTOTAL
$7,237.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$1,085.55
TOTAL
$8,322.65
ENGINEERING SERVICES, PA 35

TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
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Site 51— 805 NC Hwy 501210
Existing Conditions
This site is located at 805 NC Hwy 50/210 before reaching the
Intercoastal Waterway. A gift shop and fish market are locate
adjacent to this site. The fish market utilizes a packed gravel
parking lot and the gift shop utilizes an asphalt parking lot and
landscaped islands. NC 50/210 is crowned in the center with
the eastbound lane
sloping downward
towards the parking
areas. Both buildings sit
at a slightly higher
elevation than the highway. The parking lots for both buildings
slopes towards NC 50/210. These factors combine to direct
runoff to a slight depression running along the shoulder of the
highway. Runoff collects within this depression, with the
majority of ponding occurring in front of the fish market.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install three (3) drop inlets and 300 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 49 — Site 51 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
300
LF
$3.80
$1,140.00
DROP INLET
3
EA
$1,500.00
$4,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
300
1 LF
$15.00
$4,500.00
SEEDING
0.07
AC
$3,850.00
$269.50
ASPHALT PATCHING
350
SY
$8.00
$2,800.00
SUBTOTAL
$13,209.50
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$1,981.43
TOTAL
$15,190.93
Sites 52 & 53 — Little Kinston Road
Existing Conditions
Sites 52 and 53 are located along Little Kinston Road. Site 52 is located at 544 Little Kinston Road.
Site 53 is located at 260 Little Kinston. At 544 Little Kinston Rd., the road contains a slight center
crown causing the road to slope down towards the shoulder. A dip is located at the road's shoulder
with the adjacent terrain sloping away from the dip. Runoff is directed to this depression where it
collects and ponds. During moderate to heavy rains, runoff spreads and covers the road to the center
crown. At 260 Little Kinston Rd., a slight depression is located at the edge of a packed sand driveway.
Little Kinston Rd. at this location makes a sharp left turn and contain a slight center crown. The
FNC.INFFRIN[: SPRvir;:.V' PA �R

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TOWN OF SURF CITY
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
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Little Kinston Rd. at this location makes a sharp left turn and contain a slight center crown. The
sloping of the turn and the center crown causes runoff to be direct to this low spot. During moderate
to heavy rains, runoff collects and ponds along the shoulder.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe at Site 52 and install one (1) drop inlet and
100 feet of sock pipe at Site 53.
Table 50 — Site 52 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
SUBTOTAL
$3,457.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
Table 51— Site 53 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12" SOCK PIPE
100
LF
$3.80
$380.00
DROP INLET
1
EA
$1,500.00
$1,500.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
100
LF
$15.00
$1,500.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
SUBTOTAL
$3,457.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$518.55
TOTAL
$3,975.55
Sites 54— S. Shore Dr. (1300 Block)
Existing Conditions
Site 54 is located in the 1300 block of Shore Drive at the intersection of S. Topsail Drive. This area is
surrounded by residential homes with the watershed area containing approximately five (5) acres.
Impervious surfaces are found in the area in the form of driveways, grass lawns, rooftops, and
roadways. Shore Drive slopes back toward the intersection of Topsail Drive and forms a low-lying
ponding area. No stormwater drainage structures, other than shallow ditches, are located in this area.
During excessive rainfalls, runoff is directed to this area and begins ponding. Then, as the amount of
runoff increases, sections of the road are eventually inundated by runoff.
Recommended Action and Costs
Numerous remedies have been attempted to alleviate runoff problems in this area, but have had a
limited effect. NCDOT has increased the elevation of the road Shore Drive and installed the shallow
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ENGINEERING SERVICES, PA 37

TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
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ditches. The natural terrain north of the intersection is located at a slightly higher elevation than the
pavement. This creates a damming effect that allows water to build up at the intersection. This area
needs to be situated at a slightly lower elevation than the road.
It is recommend that the natural area be utilized as a retention pond to collect runoff from this area. It
is also recommended that a grassed or otherwise vegetated swale be constructed to channel water to
the retention pond. Further, a small asphalt island is located at the intersection. It is recommended that
a small channel be cut through this island to allow for the free flow of runoff towards the retention
pond. It is also evident that the existing piping contains a 90° bend under the pavement, preventing
proper cleaning. It is recommended that an additional drop inlet be placed at the 90° bend.
Install one (1) drop inlet and 100 linear feet of sock pipe.
Table 52 — Site 54 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
ASPHALT PATCHING
100
SY
$8.00
$800.00
SWALE TO LOW AREA
50
LF
$15.00
$750.00
EROSION PROTECTION
50
1 LF
$15.00
$750.00
SEEDING
0.02
AC
$3,850.00
$77.00
SUBTOTAL
$2377.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$356.55
TOTAL
$2,733.55
Site SS— N. Topsail Dr. (1000 Block)
Existing Conditions
Site 55 is located in the 1000 block of N. Topsail Dr., affecting the following addresses: 1003, 1004,
1005, and 1006. A shallow dip is located in the middle of the road. The lots surrounding this area
slope away from the roadbed, further aggravating the ponding that frequently occurs during moderate
to heavy rains.
Recommended Action and Costs
Install two (2)catch basins and approximately 200 linear feet of sock pipe on either side of N. Topsail
Drive at this site.
Table 53 — Site 55 Construction Costs
ITEM
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT COST
ITEM COST
12"SOCK PIPE
400
LF
$3.80
$1,520.00
DROP INLET
4
EA
$1,500.00
$6,000.00
TRENCHING & BACKFILL
400
LF
$15.00
$6,000.00
SEEDING
0.1
AC
$3,850.00
$385.00
ASPHALT PATCHING
450
SY
$8.00
$3,600.00
SUBTOTAL
$17,505.00
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION OBS. (15%)
$2,625.75
TOTAL
$20,130.75
I
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ENGINEERING SERVICES, PA 38

TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
aPART II: URBAN STORMWATER RUNOFF
Stormwater Runoff Causes and Impacts
Runoff occurs whenever rain flows across the ground and picks up contaminants. It can occur on farms
or other agricultural sites, where water carries away fertilizers, pesticides, and sediment. Runoff occurs
during forestry operations where water carries away sediment and soil nutrients. By far, the greatest
Q impacts of runoff occur in developed areas. Stormwater carries away a wide variety of contaminants as it
passes over rooftops, roads, parking lots, construction sites, lawns, golf courses, and other urban sites.
The oily sheen on rainwater in curbside gutters is but one common example of urban runoff pollution.
The EPA now considers pollution from all diffuse sources, including urban stormwater runoff to be the
most important source of water contamination. Urban runoff is considered a critical source of
Qcontamination, particularly for water resources in developed areas. The EPA ranks urban runoff and
stormwater sewer discharges the second most prevalent source of water quality impairment in estuaries,
and the fourth most important source of impairments in lakes.
Stormwater runoff and pollution is comprised of two major components. The first component is the
increased volume and velocity of surface runoff. The second component is the concentration of
(� pollutants in stormwater runoff. The cause of this situation is the increase in impervious surface coverage
U associated with the development of urban and urbanizing areas. In these areas, the natural properties and
terrain of previously undeveloped land are altered with the introduction of impervious surfaces. Such
Qsurfaces form an impenetrable barrier to rainwater, preventing it from infiltrating into the soil. Rainfall on
impervious surfaces typically drains directly into a stream or stormwater sewer, which discharges directly,
usually untreated, into a body of water. Additional impervious surface coverage also serves to reduce
vegetation, which magnifies the effect of reduced infiltration. Vegetative cover can intercept and store
large amounts of runoff and reduce erosion.
(� Development has multiple impacts on the natural stormwater runoff process. Impervious surfaces serve
to increase volume runoff, cause greater runoff velocity during storms, and increase peak discharges.
Groundwater. recharge rates are lessened during dry periods because of a reduced stream base flow,
(� thereby lessening the amount of water returned to drinking water supplies. In addition, the natural
LJ filtering process of stormwater pollutants via wetlands, streams, and vegetative is significantly reduced,
which leads to water quality degradation. Stormwater is not retained in these areas and not allowed to
filter out pollutants over time. Rather, concentrated pollutants are discharged directly in area waters.
These effects have a number of consequences. An increase in the volume and rate of stormwater runoff
Q leads to flooding and property damage. Area drainageways can experience eroded stream banks and
streambeds, which dislodge and suspend sediment that might otherwise remain in place. Increased runoff
can also increase land erosion causing sedimentation to occur in area waters, which can cause a loss of
(1 aquatic habitats. It can also cause suspended or dissolved pollutants within area waters. Pollutants found
jj in runoff, along with other pollution sources, can also contaminate shellfish beds, causing local shellfish
bed closures. Because estuarine waters are important and sensitive fisheries nurseries, water degradation
n can harm fisheries and have an impact on commercial and sport fishing stocks. Finally, stormwater runoff
LJ can also have a serious impact on local drinking water supplies. Since runoff recharges local aquifers,
(� concentrated pollutants can filter back into drinking water supplies.
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ENGINEERING SERVICES, PA 39

C
TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
QStormwater Mitigation Strategies
However dramatic the causes and effects of stormwater runoff may be, a number of communities across
the United States have successfully mitigated the effects of this problem. A number of key strategies are
u available to communities that can be used to address stormwater runoff. A number of structural remedies
(engineered, site -specific methods) are available to provide direct, intensive management of stormwater
runoff. A variety of non-structural solutions are available as well. This category is sub -divided into
1� regulatory and non -regulatory strategies. Regulatory strategies are actions put forth by a government
body through land -use planning, zoning ordinances, impact fees, impervious surface limits, or other
Qregulatory methods used to reduce the future effects of stormwater runoff. Non -regulatory methods can
simply involve public education, training, or the development of a stormwater maintenance program or
stormwater management plan.
U For many municipal officials, structural strategies, or post=construction management, are the most
significant, and sometimes only, elements of a stormwater management plan. This approach attempts to
(Vj reduce the overall impact of stormwater runoff in developed, or developing, areas. Such an approach
represents the most far-reaching stormwater measures. However, the most successful stormwater
management strategies combine both structural and non-structural mitigation approaches. Developing a
G plan that utilizes both elements can have a far greater impact on reducing the effects of stormwater runoff
and pollution.
Nonetheless, a stormwater management plan combining both elements will not be successful without
several key elements. Public education and participation is critical. It is imperative for local governments
to enlist and receive the support of the broader population. Local citizens play a pivotal role in reducing
(� stormwater impacts in both their day-to-day activities and in showing support for municipal programs and
(; ordinances. Close cooperation between local government and developers is also critical. Far too often,
this relationship is an adversarial one. A working partnership needs to be established between these two
0 parties for a management plan to be effective. This partnership is dependent upon another key element —
clear communication and the availability of information. A variety of outreach methods can be used to
accomplish this dual purpose. Communication on stormwater issues must be clear between developers
(� and municipal officials. Different communication modes involve brochures, training workshops, and on -
site assistance. Information necessary for management of stormwater issues must be readily available for
developers as well. Compiling a set of clear, concise performance, BMP, and designed -based standards
from federal, state, and local governments in one easy -to -read manual or booklet is a helpful way to
provide information. In addition, local governments need to use common sense and allow flexibility in
allowing developers to utilize innovative methods that are often not possible due to the sometimes -rigid
Qnature of local ordinances. Overall, whatever approach is chosen will not be effective without the
accompanying "teeth" of enforcement.
U Structural measures can be used to deal directly with the effects of stormwater runoff by mitigating its
�j impact at the source. Non-structural measures can mitigate future stormwater impacts through planning,
regulation, public education and participation, and training. The stormwater management effort must
a have the broad support of local citizens for it to be successful. Further, local governments must foster a
working relationship with local developers in dealing with stormwater management issues. Such a
relationship is strengthened through open communication, the availability of clear, useful information,
flexibility in management approaches, and even-handed enforcement of local stormwater ordinances. The
success of any stormwater management effort hinges on the combination of these factors.
0 ENGINEERING SERVICES, PA 40

TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
Structural Strategies
u Structural mitigation strategies, or constructed facilities, are designed for areas where development is
o highly concentrated and include measures that alter the natural environment in an attempted to minimize
impacts from stormwater runoff. Stormwater from such areas requires intensive management from
engineered, site -specific runoff control and treatment. Typically, these structures are designed to remove
D contaminants from runoff and control its flow. These structural strategies are best suited to and may be
the only logical option for areas of dense impervious coverage. Three separate strategies can be utilized
individually or in combination with each other.
1. Detention
Detention practices temporarily store runoff, then discharge it through a pipe or other outlet structure
(� into streams or other water bodies. Its purpose is to reduce peak flows. This method also improves
water quality by holding water for a long enough period to allow sediments and other contaminants to
settle to the bottom.
a Dry retention ponds
Dry ponds are designed to hold runoff for a short duration of time, usually up to 48 hours.
After the specified time period, all runoff is then released.
b Wet retention ponds
j� Wet ponds are designed to hold some water at all times and to retain excess water longer than
�j dry ponds. This method can provide for additional water quality because of longer detention
times and the presence of aquatic life.
2. Biofitration and bioretention
This strategy filters stormwater to reduce contaminant loadings using plants as an additional filtering
(l medium. Plants absorb nutrients and metals to a certain extent and facilitate microbial breakdown.
(J However, much of the pollutant material removal is achieved by the plants blocking stormwater flow.
This reduces flow and allows contaminants to settle out.
a Constructed wetlands
An artificial version of natural wetlands, which utilizes shallow bodies of standing water filled
with reeds, cattails, and other wetland vegetative species to filter stormwater runoff.
b Engineered filter strips
This strategy utilizes slightly sloped, flat parcels of land planted with appropriate grasses, trees,
and other vegetation to remove stormwater pollutants as the runoff flows across the strips in an
even, sheet -like flow.
c Vegetative swales
Swales are wide ditches with moderately sloped banks and bottoms covered with filtering turf.
a In many cases, swales allow infiltration as well as the removal of pollutants from the runoff
stream.
d Constructed forested or vegetative beds
This is an example of bioretention. This strategy employs constructed forested or vegetative
n beds usually composed of gravel, soil, trees and shrubs, a sand layer, and a grassed Swale.
U
ENGINEERING SERVICES, PA 41
Q

0 TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
U 3. Infiltration
U Infiltration practices temporarily store runoff in basins. Water slowly percolates in these basins into
('1 the soil located at the bottom. Like detention ponds, infiltration strategies reduce peak stormwater
u flows. Additionally, infiltration practices recreate the natural pattern of infiltration into the ground,
which existed before an increase in impervious surfaces. When designed and installed correctly, these
methods are some of the most effective structural mitigation strategies.
a Retention basins
(� Similar to dry detention ponds, this strategy does not utilize an outlet structure. Rather, water
�j is allowed to infiltrate through the bottom of the basin.
b Infiltration trenches
Infiltration trenches are generally closed ditches filled with rocks and gravel. This method is
designed to act as a reservoir to hold runoff until it passes into the surrounding soils.
c Dry wells
Also known as a "French drain." This method places small infiltration trenches at the bottom of
a discharge pipe or other outlet whereby runoff is collected within and allowed to infiltrate
onsite rather than passing through the stormwater sewer system.
Non-structural Strategies
Non-structural strategies cover a number of different categories involving regulation, municipal planning,
education and training, and construction site controls. All of these categories can be placed within two
separate groups —regulatory and non -regulatory. Listed below are various non-structural strategies that
can be considered when designing a stormwater management plan.
Lj Regulatory Measures
1. Impervious surface limits
Ordinances can be developed to either regulate or mandate the amount of impervious surfaces
allowed. Such a measure would be aimed at reducing the aggregate amount of new impervious
surfaces by limiting the total area allowed for new developments. Additionally, all runoff should be
required to be directed to vegetative areas or stormwater control devices.
2. Flexible parking/curb/gutter requirements
Many local ordinances dealing with this issue require larger parking lots than are needed and often
are inflexible in using alternative methods in lieu of mandatory curbing and gutters. Parking lots
could be designed to handle average, not maximum needs and allow overflow parking to be directed
to grassed areas. When possible it is best to eliminate curbs and gutters in favor of grassed medians
or planters and to allow runoff to flow off the street and parking lot in a sheet -like flow.
3. Stormwater assessment fee
A local assessment fee could be initiated for all residents and businesses. The amount of the fee
Qcould be a flat fee or a charge that takes in consideration the amount of impervious surface, runoff
rates, lot size, or other criteria. Revenue collected from such a program would be used to maintain
D
ENGINEERING SERVICES, PA 42
U

0 TOWN OF SURF CITY
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
current drainage structures and fund capital improvements associated with a comprehensive
stormwater drainage system. This approach could be a component of a stormwater utility
department.
4. Stormwater utility
A separate stormwater utility, similar in function to a water/sewer utility, could be created. This
utility could have the power to collect fees, such as an assessment fee, and enforce stormwater
management regulations. It would be responsible for the maintenance of the drainage system as well
as any expansion or capital improvements associated with the system.
5. Stormwater retrofit incentive program
This approach could be associated with a stormwater assessment fee program or with a stormwater
utility. Such a program would be directed toward existing residential and commercial development.
Rebates on the assessment fees or reductions in property taxes could be used as an incentive to
encourage existing development to reduce impervious surface coverage percentages.
6. Stormwater discharge permits
G This approach is similar in intent to a stormwater assessment fee. All revenue would be directed
towards maintaining and expanding a stormwater drainage system. Such permits could be required
for all new commercial or residential development. This approach can also be associated with
(� erosion prevention and sedimentation control plans, mandatory stormwater control measures, and a
�j stormwater impact review.
7. Streamside buffers
Local streams and other drainageways would be protected by establishing a streamside buffer
ordinance. This approach would establish minimum distances for vegetative buffer around
0 drainageways and require minimum setbacks for all new development away from such buffers.
8. Zoning or land -planning approaches
a) Growth management
This approach would concentrate or direct development in predetermined, suitable areas in an
effort to protect surface waters. Growth would be directed away from sensitive areas/waters
Csuch as floodplains, steep slopes, wetlands, or water supplies.
b) Performance based zoning
Uses for parcels of land are not specified under this approach as it is under traditional zoning or
land -use planning approaches. Rather, performance standards are established as zoning or land -
use criteria for open space preservation (see below), impervious surface area, maximum
G pollutant emissions, or other criteria a local government would deem important.
c) Open space preservation
Land acquisition or open space preservation sets aside recreational areas and significant natural
resources near a municipality. This program, like performance -based zoning, is often specific
a means of implementing larger growth management goals. Incentives are often linked to such
approaches to aid development in other areas.
II
ENGINEERING SERVICES, PA 43

DTOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
9. Erosion prevention and sedimentation control plans
U 1 This could be a required part of the plat approval process. This plan would require site planning
and construction phasing to minimize erosion during construction. Sedimentation controls would
also be required to show how sedimentation would be prevented during construction. All
development would be required to follow best management practices to prevent erosion and control
D sedimentation.
10. Stormwater impact review
Similar to an environmental assessment, this review would review what impacts and consequences
new development would have in regards to stormwater runoff, its affect on the local environment,
and its affect on existing stormwater drainage structures or systems.
(�{ 11. Mandatory stormwater control measures
U This approach could be a component of the stormwater impact review. All new development
would be required to install permanent drainage structures to retain the first inch of runoff from a
storm for a 24-hour period.
Non-Rehulatory Measures
D1. Map the stormwater sewer system
Local governments could map all stormwater drainage structures that make up the storm drain
system. All inlets, pipes, outlets, and ditches would be inventoried and mapped in an easily
updatable form. Local governments would then be better equipped to identify sources of observed
stormwater problems.
2. Stormwater maintenance program
This approach could be an outgrowth of mapping the stormwater system. An annual program
would maintain the existing drainage system, cleaning out areas on a prioritized or scheduled basis
to keep the system clear and unobstructed from debris buildup.
(� 3. Promote public education and participation
U Experience demonstrates that local governments need, and can get, the support of the broader
population in addressing stormwater runoff issues. The necessary key is public education, outreach,
and participation to form a link between local government and its citizens. Public education
programs can educate citizens and local businesses to be aware how their daily activities can affect
stormwater runoff. Public participation can be promoted through civic stormwater control
activities. Programs can also be initiated to allow local citizens to monitor local water quality or a
hotline can be established to allow local citizens to report suspected violations. An infinite number
of ideas and techniques are available to promote stormwater runoff within the local community. All
public education and participation efforts are critical to the success of any stormwater management
decision.
4. Training of municipal staff
Educate and train municipal staff about the causes and impacts of stormwater runoff by attending
stormwater workshops. Like public education efforts, municipal staff training and education can
I make the staff aware of how their daily on-the-job activities affect stormwater runoff. Additionally,
ENGINEERING SERVICES, PA 44
I

0
TOWN OF SURF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
1
i
0
0
I
0
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u
APPENDIX A
0 ENGINEERING SERVICES, PA

52
ROAD
\OMM
UTILE Rw_ t.c*JL low
o
m
834
S o "1
AD
/
831
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108
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PORT SFA YAHM MM
817
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813 I 816
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809
814
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C.
,._ _.--
DATE
by
W'Y.
Ilk. NIYf1UN
ENGINEERING SERVICES, P.A.
CONSULTING ENGINEERS
ff)
400 0 400
GARNER, N.C.
"'"STORM WATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
SCALE IN FEET
"m TOWN OF SURF CITY. NORTH CAROLINA
"".. STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
STUDY
xWC AS NOTED
"D■.. hl TAI.
b•f% 0.1/06/00
l,l.D. DY CUD
99050
8 OF 6

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9083 9084
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3073 3074 1 907, 9074
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1 � 7073 7074 9069 9070
3069 307tl 4%9 4070 6069 6070 7071 7072
9057
3067 3068 406T 4068 9068
6087 6D68 7069 7070 9065 9066
3086 4085 4066 7067 7068
3015 6065 6068 906J ij 9064 -
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D116 I eY 1 O'•
ENGINEERING SERVICES, P.A.
CONSULTING ENGINEERS
PS GARNER. N.C.
STT�Y WATER MANAGEMENT
AS NOTAD
DD.N• DY TAL 99050 5 OF 6

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