Land Use Ordinance (Performance Zoning) Volume II Appendices-1983

TOWN OF
ORIENTAL, N.C.
LAND USE
ORDINANCE
(PERFORMANCE ZONING)
Volume II Appendices
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PLANNING & DESIGNASSOCIATES, P.A.
3515 Glenwood Avenue Raleigh, North Carolina 27612 Telephone[phone]

VOLUME II
T0WN OF ORIENTAL
ORIENTAL, N. C. 28571
LAND USE ORDINANCE
(Performance Zoning)
Prepared by:
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS AND PLANNING BOARD
Harold Loyd Stephenson, Mayor
John Borden, Dennis Barkley, Brantley Norman
Marvin Jennings, Town Administrator
Ed Bailey, Former Mayor
WITH TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FROM:
Planning and Design Associates, P.A.
3515 Glenwood Avenue
Raleigh, NC 27612 [phone]
Terry W. Alford, President
Consultants: Rex H. Todd, MRP, AICP, Project Manager; Michael V. Butts, MUP;
Michael Brough, Consulting Municipal Attorney;
Debbie Tant, Administrative Assistant; Janet Roberts, Word Processing.
Special Assistance: Philip P. Green, Institute of Government
The preparation of this ordinance was financed in part through grant provided
by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the
Office of Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration. The Town of Oriental contributed cash and in -kind services.
October, 1983

VOLUME II: APPENDICES
PREFACE
This document is designed to act as a companion volume for the Oriental Land
Use Ordinance. It is officially adopted as part of the ordinance and its
contents carry all the legal sanctions of Volume I.
Included herein are six technical appendices, as follows:
A. Information Required With Application (and Application Form)
B. Specifications on Driveway Entrances
C. Specifications for Street Design and Construction
D. Vehicle Accommodation Area Surfaces
E. Guide for Landscaping
F. Community Noise Measurement Data Sheet
It is the second of three volumes which compose the full set:
Volume I. The Oriental Land Use Ordinance (main text)
Volume II. Appendices to the Oriental Land Use Ordinance
Volume III. The Administrator's Guidebook
Questions related to how the three relate or any particular application we
referred to Planning and Design Associates, P.A., 781-9004.

Appendix A
(N) =
Needed
(E) =
Exempt
(R) =
Received
APPLICANT'S NAME
PROPERTY LOCATION
USE PROPOSED
INFORMATION REQUIRED WITH APPLICATIONS
A-1. In General
(a) As provided in 805.4 1 , it is presumed that all of the
information listed in this appendix must be submitted with an application
for a zoning, sign, special use, or conditional use permit to enable the
permit -issuing authority to determine whether the development, if com-
pleted as proposed, will comply with all the requirements of this ordinance
As set forth in 807 , , applications for variances are subject to
the same provisions. However, the permit -issuing authority may require
more information or accept as sufficient less information according to the
circumstances of the particular case. A developer who believes information
presumptively required by this appendix is unnecessary shall contact the
planning staff for an interpretation.
(b) As also provided in & expedite , the administrator shall
develop application processes, including standard forms, to simplify and expedi
applications for simple developments that do not require the full range
of information called for in this appendix. In particular, developers
seeking only permission to construct single-family houses or duplexes
or to construct new or modify existing signs should contact the administrator
for standard forms.
A-2 Written Application
Every applicant for a variance or a zoning, sign, special use or
conditional use permit shall complete a written application containing at
(N) or (E) (R) least the following information:
(1) The name, address, and phone number of the applicant.
(2) If the applicant is not the owner of the property in question,
(i) the name, address, and phone number of the owner, and
(ii) the legal relationship of the applicant to the owner that
entitles the applicant to make application.
(3) The date of the application.
(4) Identification of the particular permit sought.
(5) A succinct statement of the nature of the development proposed
under the permit or the nature of the variance.
(6) Identification of the property in question by street address
and tax map reference.
(7) The zoning district within which the property lies.
(8) The number of square feet in the lot where the development is
to take place.
(9) The gross floor area of all existing or proposed buildings located
on the lot where the development is to take lace.

A-2
or
(E) (R)
(10) If the proposed development is a multi -family residential
development, the number of one, two, three, or four bedroom
dwelling units proposed for construction.
A-3. Development Site Plans
Subject to Section A-1 of this appendix, every application for a
variance or a zoning, sign, special use or condtional use permit shall
contain plans that locate the development site and graphically demonstrate
existing and proposed natural, man-made, and legal features on and near
the site in question, all in conformity with Sections A-4 through A-6 of
this appendix.
A-4. Graphic Materials Required for Plans
(a) The plans shall include a location map that shows the location
of the project in the broad context of the town or planning jursdiction.
This location map may be drawn on the development site plans or it may be
furnished separately using reduced copies of maps of the Oriental planning
jurisdiction available at the planning department.
(b) Development site plans shall be drawn to scale, using such a
scale that all features required to be shown on the plans are readily
discernible. Very large developments may require that plans show the
development in sections to accomplish this objective without resort to
plans that are so large as to be cumbersome, or the objective may be
accomplished by using different plans or Flans drawn to different scales
to illustrate different features. In all cases, the permit -issuing
authority shall make the final determination whether the plans submitted
are drawn to the appropriate scale, but the applicant for a conditional or speci
use permit rely in the first instance on the recommendations of the administrati
(c) Development site plans should show on the first page the following
information:
(1) Name of Applicant
(2) Name of Development (if any)
(3) North Arrow
(4) Legend
(5) Scale
_ (d) All of the features required to be shown on plans by Sections A-5
and A-6 may be included on one set of plans, so long as the features
are distinctly discernible.
A-5. Existinq Natural, Man -Made and Legal Features
_ (a) Development site plans shall shot• all existing natural, man-made,
and legal features on the lot where the development is to take place,
including but not limited to those listed below. In addition, the plans
shall also show those features indicated below by an asterisk that are
located within fifty feet in any direction of the lot where the development
is to take place, and shall specify (by reference to the Table of Permissible
Uses or otherwise) the use made of adjoining properties.

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(b) Existing natural features: A3
(1) Tree line of wooded areas.
(2) Individual trees eighteen inches in diameter or more,
identified by common or scientific name.
(3) Orchards or other agricultural groves by common or scientific
name.
*(4) Streams, ponds, drainage ditches, swamps, boundaries of
floodways and floodplains.
(5) (If the proposed development is a subdivision of more than
fifty lots or if more than.five acres of land are to be
developed), base flood elevation data
*(6) Contour lines(shown as dotted lines) with no lamer than two i
contour intervals.
Proposed contour lines shall be shown as solid lines.
(7) Areas of Environmental Concern (coastal wetlands, estaurine
shoreline, estaurine waters, and public coast waters)
(c) Existing man-made features_:
*(1) Vehicle accommodation areas (including parking areas, loading
areas and circulation areas, see Section 609 ), all designat
by surface material and showing the layout of existing parking
.spaces and direction of travel lanes, aisles, or driveways.
(2) Streets, private roads, sidewalks, and other walkways, all
designated by surface material.
(3) Curbs and gutters, curb inlets and curb cuts, and drainage
grates.
(4) Other storm water or drainage facilities, including manholes,
pipes, and drainage ditches.
(5) Underground utility lines, including water, sewer, electric
power, telephone, gas, cable television.
(6) Aboveground utility lines and other utility facilities.
*(7) Fire hydrants.
*(8) Buildings, structures and signs (including dimensions of each)
(9) Location of exterior light fixtures.
*(10) Location of dumpsters.
(d) Existing legal features:
(1) The zoning of the property, including zoning district lines
where applicable.
(2) Property lines (with dimensions identified)•
(3) Street right-of-way lines.
(d) Utilitv or other easement lines•

(N) A-4
or
(E) (R)_ A-6. Proposed Changes In Existinq Features or New Features
(a) Development site plans shall show proposed changes in (i) existing
natural features (see A-5(b)), (ii) existing man-made features (see A=5(c)),
and (iii) existing legal features (see A-5(d)).
(b) Development site plans shall also show proposed new legal features
(especially new property lines, street right-of-way lines, and utility
and other easements), as well as proposed man-made features, including,
but not limited to, the following:
(1) The number of square feet in every lot created by a
new subdivision.
(2) Lot dimensions, including lot widths measured in accordance
with Section 600.
(3) The location and dimensions of all buildings and freestanding
signs on the lot, as well as the distances all buildings and
freestanding signs are set back from property lines, streets
or street right-of-way lines (see Section 601.2 ).
(4) Principal side(s) building elevations for typical units of
new buildings or exterior remodelings of existing buildings,
showing building heights (see Section 601.3 ) and proposed
wall sign or window sign area;
(5) The location and dimensions of all recreational areas provided,
with each area designated as to type of use.
(6) Areas intended to remain as usable open space. The plans
shall clearly indicate whether such open space areas are
intended to be offered for dedication to public use or to
remain privately owned. (See 503.5).
(7) Streets, labeled by classification (see Section 604.1) and
street name showing whether curb and gutter or shoulders and
swales are to be provided and indicating street paving widths.
Private roads in subdivisions shall also be shown and clearly
labeled as such.
(8) Curbs'and gutters, curb inlets and'curb cuts, drainage grates.
(9) Other storm water or drainage facilities, including manholes,
Pipes, drainage ditches, retention ponds, etc.
(10) Sidewalks and walkways, showing widths and surface material.
(11) Bridges
_ (12) Outdoor illumination with lighting fixtures sufficiently
identified to demonstrate compliance with Section 605.6.
(13) Underground utility lines, including water, sewer, electric
power, telephone, gas, cable television. Water and sever
Pipe line signs shall be labeled.
(14) Above -ground utility lines and other facilities.

Div) or fit) (K) H-5
(15) Fire hydrants
(16) Dumpsters
(17) New contour lines resulting from earth movement (shown as solid
lines) with no larger than two foot contour intervals (existing
lines should be shown as dotted lines).
(18) Scale drawings of all signs requiring permits pursuant to
Section 608 , together with an indication of the location
and dimensions of all such signs.
(19) Vehicle accommodation areas (including parking areas, loading
areas, and circulation areas, see Section 609.6 ), all
designated by surface material and showing the dimensions
and layout of proposed parking spaces and the dimensions and
direction of travel of lanes, aisles, and driveways.
(20) Proposed plantings or construction of other devices to comply
with the screening requirements of 607.4 , as
well as proposed plantings of trees to comply with the shading
requirements of .607.3 . Plans shall label
shrubbery by common or scientific name, show the distance
between plants and indicate the height at the time of planting
and expected mature height and width. Plans shall label
trees by common or scientific name, show the circles of the
mature crowns (major trees shall be drawn = 30';
dwarf or decorative trees shall be drawn at their actual
mature crown), and indicate the height at the time of
planting.
A-7 Documents and Written Information in Addition to Plans
In addition to the written application and the plans, whenever the
nature of the proposed development makes information or documents such as
the `ollewing relevant, such documents or information shall be provided
The fall -spring is a representative list of the types of information•or documents
that may be requested:
(1)• Doc=entation confirming that the applicant has a legally sufficient
interest in the property proposed for development to use it in
the manner requested, or is the duly appointed agent of such a
person.
(2) Certifications from the appropriate agencies that proposed utility
systems are or will be adequate to handle the proposed development,
as set forth in 605 and that all necessary easements have
been provided.
(3) Detailed description of play apparatus to be provided in miniparks.
(4) Legal documentation establishing homeowners associations or other
legal entitles responsible for control over required common areas
and facilities.
(5) Bonds, letters of credit, or other surety devices.
(6) Stamped (plain) envelopes containing the names and addresses of all those:
to whom notice of a public hearinq must be sent to comply wity
Section 808.
(7) Complete documentation justifying any requested deviation from
specific requirements established by this chapter as presumptively
satisfying desion standards.

IN or (E) (R)
(8) Written evidence of permission to use satellite parking spaces
under the control of a person other than the developer when such
spaces are allowed pursuant to Section 609.
(9) Written evidence of good faith efforts to acquire satellite parking
under the circumstances set forth in Section 609.
(10) Verification that uses will meet the performanc
standards set forth in 503. Such verification shall be made
by a licensed engineer or other qualified expert unless it is utterl.
apparent from the nature of the proposed development that such
expert verification. is unnecessary.
(11) Time schedules for the completion of phases in staged development.
(12) The environmental impact of a development, including its effect
on historically significant or ecologically fragile or important
areas and its impact on pedestrian or traffic safety or congestion.
A-8 Number of Copies of Plans and Documents
With respect to all plans and other documents required by this appendix,
the developer shall submit the number of copies (not to exceed ten) that
the administrator deems necessary to expedite the review process and to
provide necessary permanent records.

PERMIT REQUESTED
APPLICANT
ADDRESS
TELEPHONE
APPENDIX A-9
APPLICATION FOR LAND USE PERMIT
TOWN OF ORIENTAL, NC
OWNER
ADDRESS
TELEPHONE
LEGAL RELATIONSHIP OF APPLICANT TO PROPERTY OWNER
PURPOSE OF PERMIT
PROPERTY LOCATION
STREET ADDRESS
TAX MAP
SITE SIZE SQUARE FEET
# OF LOTS ;SQ. FT._ OF SMALLEST LOT
NO. OF BUILDINGS TO REMAIN
NO. OF BUILDINGS PROPOSED
SQUARE FEET OF PAVING PROPOSED
APPLICATION # DATE
PERMIT FEE
RECEIPT #
BLOCK LOT
OVERLAY ZONING DISTRICTS
UNDERLYING ZONING DISTRICT
GROSS FLOOR AREA TO REMAIN
PROPOSED DENSITY (RESIDENTIAL)
GROSS FLOOR AREA OF PROPOSED NON-RESIDENTIAL
BUILDINGS
SQUARE FEET OF OPEN SPACE if any)
IF SITE PLAN IS NOT ATTACHED, GIVE SETBACK DISTANCES:
EXISTING BUILDINGS TO REMAIN PROPOSED BUILDINGS
1. FRONT
REAR SIDE
SIDE
1. FRONT REAR SIDE SIDE
2. FRONT
REAR SIDE
SIDE
2. FRONT REAR SIDE SIDE
IF MULTI -FAMILY
USE, LIST NUMBER
OF 1, 2, 3,
or 4-BEDROOM UNITS PROPOSED:
1 BEDROOM
2 BEDROOM 3
BEDROOM
4 BEDROOM
TOTAL SQUARE FOOTAGE OF LAND TO BE DISTURBED SQUARE FEET
ESTIMATED 'COST OF PROJECT: $
X
SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT

Appendix A-10
TOWN OF ORIENTAL
Oriental, Nortb Carolina 28571
DATE
Permit Number
ZONING PERMIT
Tbis permit is issued to
Mailing Address,
to allow property located at
to be used for
which is use classification # in the Oriental Land Use
Ordinance, Article %, Permissible Uses.
1) The applicant shall complete the development strictly in accordance with
the plans submitted to and approved by the Zoning Administrator, a copy
of which is filed in the Oriental Town Hall.
2) If any of the Land Use Ordinance requirements for this permit sball be
held invalid or void, then this permit shall be void and of no effect.
APPROVED BY
Zoning Administrator
PERMIT FEE $

Appendix A-11
Conditional or Special Use Permit
Board Consideration Worksheet
Applicant:
Property Location:
Proposed Use of Property:
I. COMPLETENESS OF APPLICATION
C3 The Application is complete.
The Application is incomplete in the following ways:
II. COMPLIANCE WITH ORDINANCE REQUIREMENTS
t3 The Application complies with all applicable requirements -
of the Land Use Ordinance.
0 The Application is not in compliance with the following
requirements of the Land Use Ordinance:

Appendix A-11 (con't.)
III. GRANTING THE APPLICATION
j] The Application is granted, subject to the following conditions:
1) The applicant shall complete the development strictly
in accordance with the plans submitted to and approved
by this Board, a copy of which is filed in the
Town Hall. Any deviations from or changes in these plans
must be pointed out specifically to the administrator in
writing and specific written approval obtained as provided
in the Land Use Ordinance.
2) If any of the conditions affixed her or any part thereof
shall be held invalid or void, then this permit shall be
void and of no effect'.
IV. DENYING THE APPLICATION
❑ The application is denied because it is incomplete for
reasons set forth above in I.
❑ The application is denied because it fails to comply
with the ordinance requirements set forth above in II.
❑ The application is denied because, if completed as proposed,
the development more probably than not:
Will materially endanger the public health or safety
for the following reasons:

Appendix A-11 (con't.)
Q Will substantially injure the value of adjoining or
abutting property for the following reasons:
�j Will not be in harmony with the area in which it is
to be located for the following reasons:
M Will not be in general conformity with the Land Use
Plan, or other plans officially adopted by the
Town Council for the following reasons:

NORTH CAROLINA
PAMLICO COUNTY
THE TOWN OF ORIENTAL
CONDITIONAL USE PERMIT GRANTED
Appendix A-12
On the date(s) listed below, the Town Council of the Town of Oriental met and
held a public hearing to consider the following application.
Applicant
Property Location
Street Address
Tax Map Block Lot
Proposed Use Of Property
Meeting Date(s)
Having heard all the evidence and arugment presented at the hearing, the
Board finds that the application is complete, that the application complies
with all of the applicable requirements of the Oriental Land Use Code for the
development proposed, and that therefore the application to make use of the
above described property for the purpose indicated is hereby approved,
subject to all applicable provisions of the Land Use Code and the following
conditions:
1) The applicant shall complete the development strictly in accordance
with the plans submitted to and approved by this Board, a copy
of which is filed in the Oriental Town Hall. Any deviations from
or changes in these plans must be pointed out specifically to the
administrator in writing and specific written approval obtained as
provided in Section 805-12 of the Land Use Ordinance.
2) If any of the conditions affixed hereto or any part thereof shall
be held invalid or void, then this permit shall be void and of no
effect.
If this permit authorizes development on a tract of land in excess of
one acre, nothing authorized by the permit may be done until the property
owner properly executes and returns to the Town of Oriental the attached
acknowledgement of the issuance of this permit so that the Town may have it
recorded in the Pamlico County Registry.

NORTH CAROLINA
PAMLICO COUNTY
Appendix A-12 (con't.)
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Town of Oriental has caused this permit to
he issued in its name, and the undersigned being all of the property owners
of the property above described, do hereby accept this Conditional Use
Permit, together with all its conditions, as binding upon them and their
successors in interest.
ATTEST:
(SEAL)
Town Clerk
BY
THE TOWN OF ORIENTAL
Town Manager
I, , a Notary Public in and for said
County and State, do hereby certify that , Town
Manager of the Town of Oriental, and , Town
Clerk for the Town of Oriental, personally came before me this day and being
by me duly sworn says each for himself that he/she knows the corporate seal
of the Town of Oriental and that the seal affixed to the foregoing instrument
is the corporate seal of the Town of Oriental, that I
Town Manager of said Town of Oriental and 31
Town Clerk for the Town of Oriental subscribed their names thereto; that the
corporate seal of the Town of Oriental was affixed thereto, and by virue of a
resolution of the Board of Aldermen, and that said instrument is the act and
deed of the Town of Oriental.
IN WITNESS THEREOF, I have hereunto set my Hand and Notarial Seal this
the day of , 19
Notary Public
My Commission Expires:
I, , owners, do hereby
acknowledge recipt of this Conditional Use Permit. The undersigned owners do
further acknowledge that no work may he done pursuant to this permit except
in accordance with all of 'its conditions and requirements and that this
restriction shall he binding upon them and their successors in interest.
Owner Owner

NORTH CAROLINA
PAMLICO COUNTY
I, , a Notary Public in and for said State
and County, do hereby certify that , Owners,
personally appeared before me this day and acknowledged the due execution of
the foregoing instrument.
WITNESS my Hand and Notarial Seal, this the day of , 19
My Commission Expires: Notary Public
(Not valid until fully executed and recorded)

Appendix B
SPECIFICATIONS ON DRIVEWAY ENTRANCES
All driveway entrances and other openings onto town -maintained streets
shall , at a minimum, conform to the requirements set forth in the N.C.
Department of Transportation's Manual on Driveway Entrancq Regulations (1966
edition). Whenever, in that manual, regulations both for urban and rural
situations are given, the urban requirements shall be applicable.

Appendix C
SPECIFICATIONS FOR STREET DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
C-1. Design Speed, Sight Distance, Centerline Radius
Design Speed
Minor
25 mph
Local
25 mph
Sub -Collector'
30
Collector
Minimum Sight Distance
mph
35 mph
on Vertical Curve
150'
150'
200'
200'
Minimum Centerline
Radius
150'
150'
200'
250'
C-2. Cut and Fill Slopes
Cut and fill slopes on any street right-of-way may not exceed 2:1.
C-3. Sight Distances at Intersections
(a) At no -stop intersections, the intersection shall be constructed
so that a person standing at a location on the centerline of any street
90 feet from the intersection of the street centerlines has an unobstructed
view to a point located on the centerline of the intersecting street 90
feet (in either direction) from the intersection of the street centerlines.
See Standard Diagram No. 1.
(b) Subject to subsection (c), at stop intersections, the intersection
shall be constructed so that a person standing 10 feet back of the inter-
sectionof right-of-way lines on the stop street has an unobstructed view
to a point on the right-of-way line of the intersecting through street
located 70 feet from the intersection of the right-of-way lines. See
Standard Diagram No. 2.
(c) At stop intersections where a residential street intersects with
a state -maintained primary road (U.S. or N.C.), the intersection shall be
constructed so that a person standing 30 feet back of the intersection of
right-of-way lines on the stop street has an unobstructed view to a point
on the centerline of the through street located 150 feet from the inter-•
section of the street right-of-way lines. See Standard Diagram No. 3.
C-4. Radius at Street Intersections
At street intersections, the intersections of the paved surfaces
shall be rounded with a minimum radius as shown in Standard Diagram No. 4
and No. 5. Where streets intersect at less than right angles, a greater
radius may be required.
C-5. Clearinq and Grubbing
Clearing and grubbing shall be perfurmed within the limits shown on
the plans. All timber, brush, roots, stumps, trees, or other vegetation
cut during the clearing operations shall become the contractor's responsi-
bility to dispose of, and shall be either removed from the project by him,
or satisfactorily disposed of on -site.

C-6. Grading and Compaction
Streets shall be graded in accordance with the lines and grade set
by the engineer. Before placing curb and gutter or base on the graded
subgrade, the subgrade shall be compacted to 100% ASSHO T99 for a depth
of 6 inches and then shall be proof rolled in the presence of the
engineer. Places that are found to be loose, or soft, or composed of
unsuitable materials, whether in the subgrade or below it, must be dug out
_and refilled with suitable material. All embankments or.fills shall be
made in one -foot horizontal lifts of suitable material. The fill shall
be rolled with a sheepsfoot roller after each lift, followed by a wheel
roller, each weighing not less than eight tons.
C-7. Street Base
Base course for streets shall generally be 8 inches thick, unless
otherwise directed by the public works director, and shall be crushed
stone conforming to N.C. D.O.T. Type ABC stone. The stone base course
shall be placed in 4 inch layers, watered as necessary, and compacted to
100% AASHO T99. The contractor shall be responsible for keeping the stone
base free of contamination from clay or other foreign materials. Handling
and placement of stone base shall all be in accordance with N.C. D.O.T.
specifications.
C-8. Street Surfaces
The asphalt surface course shall meet N.C. D.O.T. specs for Type I-2
asphalt. The asphalt shall be placed in -one 2-inch layer, and shall be
handled and placed in accordance with N.C. D.O.T. specifications.
C-9. Pavement Section Variations
Sections C-6, C-7, and C-8 set the standards that shall apply under
normal soils conditions. However, where soils are unusually good or
unusually unstable, the public works director may allow or require the
developer to have soil tests run and a pavement design made by a qualified
soils engineer. Under these circumstances, the public works director
may allow pavement sections constructed to lesser standards than those
set forth above (for good soils) or require pavement sections constructed
to greater standards than those set forth above (for unstably soils).
C-10. Street Cross Sections
Streets shall be constructed and utilities located in accordance
with Standard Drawing No. 6 or No. 7.
C-11. Curb and Gutter
(a) The concrete curb and gutter shall be constructed according to
the lines and grades established by the engineer. The concrete shall meet
the N.C. State Highway requirements, Section 900. The curb and gutter shall
be 30 inches wide, and shall have a vertical curb face. The forms shall
be of metal, free of marks or kinks, and shall be rigidly held in position.
The engineer shall approve the positioning of the forms before concrete is
poured. The concrete shall be placed in the forms in a manner to prevent
segregation, and tamped or vibrated sufficiently to prevent honeycombs.
The concrete shall be finished smooth and even by means of rollers or
floats. Expansion joints shall be provided every 30 feet, and false joints
every 10 feet.

(b) Curb and gutter shall be constructed in accordance with
Standard Drawing No. 8.
C-12. Sidewalks
Sidewalk construction shall be similar to street construction, with
subgrade compacted to 100% AAASHO T99. Concrete sidewalks shall be 4
inches thick (increasing to 6 inches thick at driveway en -trances), and
shall be at least 4 feet wide.. Expansion joints shall be provided every
30 feet; false joints at 10 feet.
C-13. Wheel Chair Ramps
Where required, wheel chair ramps shall be constructed in accordance with
Standard Drawing No. 9.
C-14. Storm Water Runoff Control
(a) The minimum design frequency for storm runoff shall be 10 years
for storm sewer collection and 20 years for cross drainage (i.e., drainage
facilities crossing a street).
(b) All storm drainage pipe shall be reinforced concrete and no
pipe may be smaller than fifteen inch diameter.
(c) Culvert outlet protection and swale erosion protection shall be
designed based on a 10 year storm.
(d) All storm drainage structures and pines shall be designed and
constructed in accordance with N.C. Department of Transportation specifi-
cations and Standard Drawings No. 10 through No. 14. However, in case
of a conflict, the standard drawings shall prevail.
C-15. Sedimentation Control
Road shoulders, swales, back -of -curbs, and cut and fill banks shall
be completely dressed up by the contractor and seeded as soon as possible.
The seeding mixture and application rate shall be approved by the Pamlico
County Erosion Control Officer.

SIGHT
TRIANGLE
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STREET CONNECTION
NO STOP CONDITION

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SECONDARY ROAD
RECOMMENDED STREET CONNECTION
SIGHT DISTANCE FOR STOP CONDITION

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RECOMMENDED STREET CONNECTION
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NOTE: SHOULDER SHALL BE STABILIZED
WITH 3" TYPE ABC STONE, SCARIFIED
INTO SOIL. COMPACTED 9 SEEDED
6 10,
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61
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OULU PAV MEN SHOULDER DITCH
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NOTE. -INSTALL EXPA ISION JOINTS EVERY 30' AND AT
EACH SIDE OF DRIVEWAYS
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STD. NO. g

NOTE: PRECAST SLAB MAY BE
SUBSTITUTED FOR BRICKAORK
NOTE: CAST IRON MANHOLE STEPS SHALL BE INSTALLED
IN ALL CATCH BASINS OVER 4'-O' IN DEPT11 DEPTH SHALL
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INVERT OF CATCH BASIN.
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TIE SILT FENCE INTO SIDES CF DI'CH OR
SILT FENCE I NATURAL GRADE MIN. 18" ABOVE LOW POINT
OF FENCE_
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TO PROTECT BOTH ENDS CF PIPE
CLASS I RIP -RAP 12" DEEP
FORM CHANNEL THUS--__�-
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RIP -RAP PROTECTION AT OUTLETS
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SEDIMENTATION CONTROL
STD.,,NO. 14

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COMMERCIAL
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R = 5'MIN 20' MA,X.
S = 6'
E= 5'MIN
W= 12'MIN.36'MAX.
J = 30'MAX.
RETURN MUSTBECOME TANGENT
AT OR BEFORE THIS POINT
PIPE R/W
+DITCH
Fes-- _ I E EDGE OF TRAVELED WAY
SINGLE DRIVEWAY -OPEN DITCH

Appendix D
VEHICLE ACCOMMODATIM REA SURFACES
D-1. Paved Surfaces
Vehicle accommodatton areas paved with asphalt shall be constructed
in the same manner as street surfaces (Appendix C, sections C-6 through
C-9). If.concrete is used as the paving material, vehicle accommodation
areas shall be similarly constructed except that 6 inches of concrete
shall be used instead of 2 inches of asphalt. The public works director
may allow other paving materials to be used so long as the equivalent level
of stability is achieved.
D-2. Unpaved Surfaces
Vehicle accommodatior,areas without paving shall be constructed in
the same manner as paved areas except that crushed stone of the following
types may be used in lieu of asphalt, concrete, or other paving material:
i 13 Cr ���d Stone

Appendix E
GUIDE FOR LANDSCAPING
E-1 Guide for Protecting Existing Trees
E-2 Standards for Street and Parking Lot Trees
E-3 Formula for Calculating Twenty Per Cent Shading
Vehicle Accommodation Areas
E-4 Typical Parking Lot Planting Islands
E-5 Guide for Planting Trees
E-6 Typical.Opaque Screens
E-7 Typical Semi -Opaque Screens
E-8 Typical Broken Screens
E-9 Guide for Planting Shrubs
E-10 Lists of Recommended Trees and Shrubs
E-11 Small Trees for Partial Screening
E-12 Large Trees for Evergreen Screening
E-13 Large Trees for Shading
E-14 Small Shrubs for Evergreen Screening
E-15 Large Shrubs for Evergreen Screening
E-16 Assorted Shrubs for Broken Screens
of Paved

E-1 Guide for Protecting Existing Trees
Section 607 provides for the retention and protection of large
trees when land is developed. In order to better ensure the survival of
existing trees, the developer should heed the following guidelines:
(a) Protect trees with fencing and armoring during the entire
construction period. The fence should enclose an area ten feet square
with the tree at the center.
(b) Avoid excavations beneath the crown of the tree.
(c) Avoid compaction of the soil around existing trees due to
heavy equipment. Do not pile dirt or other materials beneath the
crown of the tree.
(d) Keep fires or other sources of extreme heat well clear of
existing trees.
.(e) Repair damaged roots and branches immediately. Exposed roots
should be covered with topsoil. Severed limbs and roots should be
painted. Whenever roots are destroyed, a proportional amount of branches
must be pruned so the tree doesn't transpire more water than it takes in.
Injured trees must be thoroughly watered during the ensuing growing year.
(f) All existing trees which will be surrounded by paving should
be pruned to prevent dehydration.
(g) No paving or other impermeable ground cover should be placed
within the dripline of trees to be retained.

E-2 Standards for Street and Parking Lot Trees
Trees planted in compliance with the requirements of Section
607 should have most or all of the following qualities.
The trees recommended in Section E-10 represent the best combinations
of these characteristics.
(a) Hardiness
(1) Resistance to extreme temperatures.
(2) Drought resistance.
(3) Resistance to storm damage.
(4) Resistance to air pollution.
(5) Ability to survive physical damage from human activity.
(b) Life Cycle
(1) Moderate to rapid rate of growth.
(2) Long life.
(c) Foliage and Branching
(1) Tendancy to branch high above the ground.
(2) Wide spreading habit.
(3) Relatively dense foliage for maximum shading.
(d) Maintenance
(1) Resistance to pests.
(2) Resistance to plant diseases.
(3) Little or no pruning requirements:
(4) No significant litter problems.

E-3 Formula for Calculating 20% Shading of Vehicle Accomodation Areas
Following is an elementary formula for determining the number of shade trees
required in and around paved parking lots in order to presumptively satisfy
the shading requirements of Sec. 607.3. ,
Q1
Calculate square footage of the vehicle accomr^.odation area:
Include parking spaces, driveways, loading areas, sidewalks,
and other circulation areas. Do not include building area
and any area which will remain completely undeveloped: sq.
ft.
O2
Multiply: X .20
Q3
Area to be shaded: sq.
ft.
******
Add:
®
Area shaded by existing trees to be retained in and around
the vehicle accommodation area:* sq.
ft.
CArea
shaded by required screening trees, if any:*
©
Area shaded by required street trees, if any:*
O
Subtotal: sq.
ft.
(If line 7 is greater than line 30 ,'then the shading
requirement has been met. If not, go on to line 8 .)
®
Enter the difference between line 0 and line0: sq.
ft.
Q
Divide line 707
10
Total number of shade trees required within the vehicle
accommodation area:
trees
*Existing trees retained in compliance with Section 15-316 will be credited
according to their actual crown radius. Shaded area may be calculated
as
follows:
3.14 X (crown radius)2 = shaded area
Trees planted within the vehicle accommodation area are credited with shading
707 sq. ft. (Based on a crown radius of 15 ft.) New or existing trees on the
perimeter of the parking lot are credited for having only half a crown over
the vehicle accommodation area (e.g., new perimeter trees will be credited
for shading 354 sq. ft.). Generally, all trees planted in compliance with the
screening requirements of 607.4 and the street tree requirements
of 607 will be considered perimeter trees. When smaller trees such
as Dogwoods are planted, the credited shading area will be adjusted downward
to 314 sq. ft. for interior trees and 157 sq. ft. for perimeter trees.
(Based on a crown radius of 10 ft.)

E-4 Typical Parking Lot Planting Islands
Scale: 1 " = 40'

E-5 Guide for Planting Trees
The trees recommended in Section E-10 have minimal maintenance
requirements. However, all trees must receive a certain degree of care,
especially during and immediately after planting. In order to protect an
investment in new trees, the developer and his or her agents should
follow these guidelines when planting:
(a) The best times for planting are early spring and early fall.
Trees planted in the summer run the risk of dehydration.
(b) Plant all trees at least three -and -a -half feet from the end of
head -in parking spaces in order to prevent damage from car overhangs.
(c) Dig the tree pit at least one foot wider than the root ball and
at least six inches deeper than the ball's verticle dimension.
(d) Especially in areas where construction activity has compacted
the soil, the bottom of the pit should be scarified or loosened with a
pick ax or shovel.
(e) After the -pit is dug, observe sub -surface drainage conditions.
Most soils in the Oriental area are poorly drained. Where poor drainage
exists, the tree pit should be dug at least an additional twelve inches
and the bottom should be filled with coarse gravel.
(f) Backfill should include a -proper -mix of soil, peat moss and
nutrients. All roots must bp, completely covered. Backfill should be
thoroughly watered as it is placed around the roots.
(g) Immediately after it is planted, the tree should be supported
with stakes and guy wires to firmly hold it in place as its root system
begins to develop. Staked trees will become stronger more quickly. Remove
stakes and ties after one year.
(h) Spread at least three inches of mulch over the entire excavation
in order to retain moisture and keep down weeds. An additional three-inch
saucer of mulch should be provided to form a basin around the trunk of the
tree. This saucer helps catch and retain moisture.
(i) The lower trunks of new trees should be wrapped with burlap
or paper to prevent evaporation and sun scald. The wrapping should
remain on the tree for at least a year.
(j) Conscientious post -planting care, especially watering, pruning
and fertilizing, is a must for street and parking lot trees. Branches of
new trees may be reduced by as much as a third to prevent excessive
evaporation.

:rees planted
center. See
ig list E-10(a).
i evergreen
ng shrubbery
1 4' on center.
inting list E-10(e).
Large trees
planted 40' on
center. See
planting list
E-10(c).
high redwood fence.
Tall evergreen trees,
stagger planted, with
branches touching the
ground. See planting
list E-10(b).
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planting list E-10(a).,
..i3 r S '�i"Z 1• •i.�.••�+'. 'S+�l��r •t���,S� -.�j 4.s/•'w{7Zr !"•i '�1 �t3' high stone wall.
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rlanted 20-30'
top of a berm.
list E-10(a).
3' high seeded
?arth berm.
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Large trees
planted 40'
on center. See
planting list E-10(c).
high evergreen
edge shrubbery
lanted 3' on center.
_ee planting list E-10(d)

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Small trees planted
30' on center. See
planting list E-10(a),
trees planted
n center. See
ing list E-10(a).
Split rail fence.
Large trees
planted 40' on
center. See
planting list
E-10(c).
Assorted shrubbery,
See planting list E-10(f).
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E-9 Guide for Planting Shrubs
Shrubs planted for screening purpo
culture and sufficient room in whi
for tree planting listed in Sectio
because specific requirements vary
this Appendix does not attempt to
For detailed planting information
Landscape Plants of the Southeast
Shawcroft.
ses should be given a proper
ch to grow. Many of the guidelines
n E-5 also apply to shrubs. However,
considerably between shrub types,
generalize the needs of all shrubs.
on individual species, refer to:
by R. Gordon Halfacre and Anne R.

E-10 Lists of Recommended Trees and Shrubs
The following lists indicate plantings which will meet the screening
and shading requirements of 607 of the Land Use Ordinance. The
lists are by no means comprehensive and are intended merely to suggest the
types of flora which would be appropriate for screening and shading purposes.
Plants were selected for inclusion on these lists according to four prin-
cipal criteria: general suitability for the piedmont section of North
Carolina, ease of maintenance, tolerance of city conditions, and avail-
ability from area nurseries. When selecting new plantings for a particular
site, a developer should first consider the types of plants which are
thriving on or near that site. Accordingly, native North Carolina species
should often be favored. However, if an introduced species has proven
highly effective for screening or shading in piedmont towns, it too may
be a proper selection.
Sections E-11 through E-16 contain descriptions of the trees and
shrubs listed here.
(a) Small Trees for Partial Screening
(1) River Birch
(2) American Hornbeam
(3) Eastern Redbud
(4) Flowering Dogwood
(5) Washington Hawthorn
(6) Russian Olive
(7) Mountain Silverbel:l
(8) American Holly
(9) Golden Rain Tree
(10) Crape Myrtle
(11) Sourwood
(12) Carolina Cherry -Laurel
(13) Cal Tery Pear
(b) Large Trees for Evergreen Screening
(1) Deodar Cedar
(2) Southern Magnolia
(3) Carolina Hemlock
(c) Large Trees for Shadin
(1)
Norway Maple
(7)
Sycamore
(2)
Red Maple
(8)
Eastern Red Oak
(3)
Ginkgo
(9)
Willow Oak
(4)
Honeylocust
(10)
Scarlet Oak
(5)
Sweet Gum
(11)
Laurel Oak
(6)
London Plane -Tree
(12)
Littleleaf Linden
(d) Small
Shrubs for Evergreen
Screening
(1)
(2)
Glossy Abelia
Warty Barberry
(6) Convexa Japanese Holly
(7) india Hawthorn
(3)
Wintergreen Barberry
(8) Azaleas and Rhodadendrons
(4)
lhiarf Horned Holly
(9) Japanese Yew
(5)
Littleleaf Japanese Holly

(e) Large Shrubs for Evergreen Screenin
(1)
Hedge Bamboo
(6)
Japanese Privet
(2)
Thorny Elaengus
(7)
Fortune Tea Olive
(3)
Burford Holly
(8)
Red Photinia
(4)
Yaupon Holly
(9)
Lauretinus Viburnum
(5)
Laurel or Sweet Bay
(f) Assorted Shrubs for Broken Screens
(1)
Japanese Barberry
(7)
Drooping Leucothoe
(2)
Fringetree
(8)
Winter Honeysuckle
(3)
Border Forsythia
(9)
Star Magnolia
(4)
Vernal Witch Hazel
(10)
Northern Bayberry
(5)
Common Witch Hazel
(11)
Judd Viburnum
(6)
Pfitzer Juniper
(12)
Doublefile Viburnum

E-11 Small Trees for Partial Screening
The following trees are recommended for use in all types of screens. Though
smaller than the trees listed in planti nglists E-12 and E-13, each of these trees
will reach a height of at least 20 feet. Selections marked with an (*) are also
recommended as shade trees and may be credited for meeting the 20% shading
requirement for paved parking lots. ,
RIVER BIRCH (Betula nigra) Height: 20-401; Spread: 8 16'
The River Birch is a native tree which usually grows along stream banks. In
landscape design, it is adaptable to either high or low locations, but still
requires a lot of moisture. This tree has an interesting, papery bark anda
graceful branching habit. It has no special pest or maintainance problems.
*A.hiERIC4N HORNBEAM (Carpinus carolinia) Height: 20-30'; Spread: 15 20'
This native tree has a natural yet refined appearance. It is slow growing,
but at maturity it serves as an excellent small shade tree. Its fluted,
"muscular" trunk is an interesting feature. In the wild, the American Horn-
beam is common in moist rich soil, yet, when used in landscape design, it is
soil tolerant and does not require an unusual amount of water. It h-as no pests
and no special maintainance problems.
EASTERN REDBUD (Cercis canadensis) Hei ht• 20-30' Spread• 12 25'
This native tree is covered by beautiful pink flowers in the Spring and develops
a dense round crown when allowed to grow in direct sunlight. The Redbud has some
pests, and its fruit pods may present a litter problem, but it recommends itself
for being drought resistant and tolerant of polluted city air.
*FLOWERING DOGWOOD (Cornus florida) Heiqht• 15-30'; Spread: 15 20'
The Dogwood is a native woodland tree which is very popular for landscape planting.
It is considered to be a fairly hardy tree, but, when planted in direct sun, it
must be frequently watered. A healthy Dogwood will develop attractive horizontal
branches and a bushy crown. Dogwoods look best when planted in groups or when
used as an accent in borders. These trees should be guarded against borers and
other pests.
W,SHINGTON HAWTHORN (Crataequs phaenophvrum) Height: 25 30'; Spread: 25 30'
Hawthorns generally require spraying to prevent disease and insect infestation.
However, they are an excellent choice for screening because of their extremely
dense and thorny branches. They have proven to be excellent as a headlight screen on
highway medians and, when planted close together, they form an inpenetrable living
fence. They prefer sun and are tolerant of most types of soil. The Washington
Hawthorn is generally considered to be the best of the Hawthorns.
RUSSIAN OLIVE (Elaegnus augustifolia) Height: 15-20" Spread: 20 30'
The Russian Olive can withstand severe exposure and will grow 5-almost any soil.
Its toughness and wide spreading habit make it an exceptional screening plant.
The foliage is an attractive silver-gray color and its flowers, though inconspicuous,
are very fragrant. The Russian Olive is especially notable for its rapid growth.
It has no pest problems but it may require periodic trimming of dead twigs.

Small trees (cont.)
MOUNTAIN SILVERBELL (Halesia monticola) Hei ht: 20-40'; !:,Dread: 201
.
Si verbells are attractive multi -stem trees which are native to the sou heastern
United States. They are excellent plantings for a natural effect and are best
placed where their small flowers and pods will be closely observed. Compared to
other trees on this list, its crown is more open and irregular.- The Mountain
Silverbell has no pests, no maintainance problems, and no special soil requirements.
AMERICAN HOLLY (Ilex opaca) Height: 15-30'; Spread: 10 20'
This familiar native tree possesses a pyramidal evergreen crown with abundant
red berries in the winter. It grows best in full sun and prefers moist yet well
drained soils. If the lower limbs are allowed to grow naturally, they will branch
to the ground. Hollies should be protected from high winds. The American Holly
is a relatively slow grower.
GOLDEN RAIN TREE (Koelreuteria aniculata) Hei ht: 20-30'; S read: 15-20'.
This is an extremely hardy tree, tolerant of city conditions, drought resistant,
and capable of growth in most kinds of soil. It bears beautiful yellow flowers
and interesting seed pods on its rounded crown. The Golden Rain Tree is a rapid
grower but is relatively short.lived.
CRAPE MYRTLE (Lagerstroemia indica) Height• 15-25'; Spread: 5 15'
this popular flowering tree is decorative and interesting in all seasons. How-
ever, it should not be expected to stand alone as a screen. It is most effective
against an evergreen background. It grows best —in direct sun and may develop
mildew problems when planted in shade. Crape Myrtle may be pruned to a desired
shape, but when left on its own it will form a densely branching crown.
SOURWOOD (0xyndrum arboreum) Height: 20 30'; Spread 10 15'
Sou rwoods are haiidscme native trees whim are imost effective in landscape design
when planted -in groups. They are easy to transplant and as each tree matures it
assumes a slender form with upright branches. Sourwood prefers relatively dry
acid soils. Its only special maintainance problems may be infestations of
webworms.
CAROLINA CHERRY -LAUREL (Prunus caroliniana) Hei ht: 20-30'; Spread: 15-20'.
This tree is prized for its dense evergreen foliage. It may be trimmed as a
hedge, but also serves as an excellent screen in its natural form. The Che;�ry-
Laurel grows rapidly and has no pests. However, it may not be as cold hardy as
other trees on this list.
*CALLERY PEAR (Pyrus calleryana) Height: 20-401. Spread• 20 30'
The Callery Pear has recently gained popularity as a city street tree because it
is impervious to air pollution. Furthermore, it will grow in relatively infertile
soils. It is a beautiful, upright tree which grows rapidly and is long lived.
However, it may be subject to an assortment of pests and diseases. The
"Bradford" variety is recommended for its vigorous habit of growth.

E-12 Larqe Trees for Evergreen Screening
The following trees are ideal for screening large scale areas such as
shopping centers and industrial sites. They are also effective in combination
with other, smaller screening plants. All three are moderate to fast growers.
They are not considered to be shade trees.
Deodar Cedar (Cedrrs deodara) Height: 40-150'; Spread• 30'+
The Deodar Cedar is a useful and attractive evergreen. It should be allowed
plenty of room in order to assume its beautiful natural form. Its pendulous
branches should be allowed to touch the ground. It prefers relatively dry
soils, grows rapidly, and is easy to maintain. "True Cedars" such as the
Deodar are not native to North America, but they have become quite popular in
the South as a landscape tree.
Southern Magnolia (,1agnolia grandiflora) Height: 40-60'; Spread• 25'+
Magnolias are striking trees which serve well as screens when their branches are
allowed to grow to the ground. Generally, this tree does well in city conditions,
but it should be planted in quite rich acidic soils and it requires a lot of
moisture. Furthermore, Magnolias require ample space for growth. If planted
in full sunlight, they will grow rapidly. Because it drops large waxy leaves,
seed pods, and flowers, the Magnolia may present a litter problem.
Carolina Hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana) Hei ht:''30-70'; Spread• 20'+
This native of rocky locations 1-n the North Carolina mountains adapts well to
city locations. It may be sheared or pruned to any shape, but when it grows
naturally, its graceful branches form an excellent high screen. The Hemlock
prefers cooler, partially shaded locations and does best in highly fertile soils.
It grows quite rapidly.

E-13 Large Trees for Shading
The folowing trees may be used for screening, but they are recommended
especially for shading streets and parking lots. Unless otherwise noted,
they will grow rapidly. Each species will attain a mature spread of at least
thirty feet.
NORWAY MAPLE (Acer platanoides) Height: 40-50'; Spread: 50'+
Maples as a group are not particularly tolerant of city conditions. The Norway
Maple is an exception, however, as it is relatively invulnerable to air pollution
and has no special maintainance requirements. This tree assumes a wide spreading
form and provides very dense shade. In the autumn, the leaves are a brilliant
red or yellow. The Norway.Maple grows rapidly, but it is subject to ice and wind
damage. Plenty of room should be available for its shallow roots and it should
be given ample water.
RED MAPLE (Acer rubrum) Height: 40-50'; Spread: 25'+
This tree is an example of a Maple which is not recommended where there will be
high concentrations of air pollution. However, with its excellent shading
characteristics and beautiful colors, it should not be ignored. This tree grows
rapidly, but, unlike the Norway Maple, it does not become brittle with age.
The Red Maple is a native tree which is usually found in moist, even swampy
areas, but it adapts well to a variety of situations. Although subject to Maple
insects and diseases, it is usually a long lived tree.
GINKGO or MAIDENHAIR TREE (Ginkgo biloba) Height: 40-80'; Spread: 30'+
The Ginkgo is a tree which is recommended for several outstanding reasons.
It is one of the oldest surviving species of,trees. It is adaptable to any soil,
climate, or degree of exposure to the sun. It does quite well in the city.
It has no pests, no diseases, and no pruning requirements. In sum, it is a tree
of exceptional vitality. The N.C. Department of Forest Resources calls the
Ginkgo, "probably the best all around street tree." Two reservations are worth
stating, however. First, only male trees should be planted because female
Ginkgos bear a messy, malodorous fruit. Second, the Ginkgo is a slow grower.
When young, it has a rather gangly appearance. It takes 25 to 30 years to
assume its mature, symetrically spreading form.
HONEYLOCUST (Gleditisia triacanthos) Height: 50-75'; Spread: 25'+
Its open, spreading form and feathery leaves may give the Honeylocust—a frail
appearance, but it is in fact a quite sturdy tree, notable for its resistance to
storm damage. It is a native tree which is drought resistant and adaptable to
city conditions. Grass and shrubs thrive beneath a Honeylocust because it
casts light shade. This tree is especially useful for its ability to be trans-
planted at a relatively advanced age. Accordingly, it may be used for immediate
effect in a landscape design. The Honeylocust has its pests and diseases, but it
is fairly hardy. Thornless and fruitless varieties such as "Moraine" are
recommended.
SWEET GUM (Liquidamber styraciflua) Height: 60-1001; Spread: 501+
The Seet Gum is a native bottomland tree which adapts to a variety of soils.
Its dense foliage and balanced form make it an excellent shade tree for large
open areas. The Sweet Gum needs sun and plenty of room to achieve maximum
size and beauty. In the fall, its leaves turn a brilliant wine and gold color.
Other than clean up of its prickly seed balls, the Sweet Gum poses no special
maintainance problems.

Large trees (cont.)
LONDON PLANE -TREE (Platanus aaerifolia) Height: 70-100'; Spread: 301+
The London Plane -Tree is excellent for streets and parking lots for a variety of
reasons. It puts out its branches high enoungh above the ground so as not to
obstruct traffic. Its broadly spreading crown makes it especially useful along
wide streets. The London Plane is one of the world's hardiest trees in polluted
air. Although it needs plenty of sun and moisture, it is undemanding about soil.
Finally, it is very long lived. The London Plane -Tree is a hybrid of the Sycamore,
and like the Sycamore, it may suffer from certain diseases. However, it is more
resistant to leaf 'blight than the Sycamore.
SYCAMORE (Platanus occidentalis) Height: 70-1001; Spread: 601+
The Sycamore is probably the fastest growing shade tree on this list. Within ten
years, it can grow to a height of between thirty and forty feet. It is easily
transplanted, but it needs plenty of space. As one of nature's most massive trees,
Sycamores have been known to grow to a height of 170 feet with a trunk 10 feet
across. The Sycamore is a native tree which typically grows in flood plains,
but it thrives in a variety of situations. Its tolerance of severe conditions has
long made it a favorite choice as a street tree. Sycamores are susceptable to
fungi and leaf blight and their large leaves and seed balls may present a litter
problem.
EASTERN RED OAK (Quercus rubra) Height:
This tree grows faster than any other Oa
prized as a street tree because its high
The Red Oak grows in almost any average
problems.
50-70'; Spread: 40'+.
K, two feet or more per year. It is
branching habit gives it an ideal shape.
soil and `presents no special maintainance
WILLO'! OAK (Quercus phellos) Height: 60-801; Spread• 30'+
This is another rapidly growing Oak. It has proven to be quite successful as a
street and parking lot tree in the Carrboro area. Its slender leaves give it a
finer texture than that of other Oaks, but it still casts excellent shade. The
Willow Oak is native to bottomland soils, and thus it needs plenty of moisture.
It often spreads majestically as it matures so it should be given ample room to
grow. No significant pests or diseases afflict the Willow Oak.
SCARLET OAK (Quercus coccinea) Height: 60-80'; Sp read: 40'+
This is a third Oak which grows rapidly and is easy to maintain. The Scarlet Oak
is more difficult to transplant than the Red or the Willow, but it may be a worth-
while selection for its excellent foliage.
LAUREL OAK (Quercus laurifolia) Height: 40-60'; Spread: 30'+
The Laurel Oak grows more slowly than the other Oaks listed above, but it has the
advantage of being nearly evergreen in piedmont sections of North Carolina. It
has proven to be a good street tree and does quite well under city conditions.
It presents no special maintainance problems.
LITTLELEAF LINDEN (Tilia cordata) Height: 30-50'; Spread: 251+
Lindens are notable for their exceptional symmetry and their ability to grow in
poor soils. The Littleleaf Linden requires plenty of moisture, but it has proven
to be useful for city planting and is especially recommended as a street tree.
With its many thick branches and abundant foliage, the Linden provides very dense
shade. It should be sprayed for aphids in order to prevent sticky droppings from
the leaves.

E-14 Small Shrubs for Evergreen Screening
The following shrubs are recommended for informal (unclipped) hedges or screens. E
species grows to a height of less than six feet; therefore, these shrubs are
appropriate for Semi -opaque Screens.
GLOSSY ABELIA (Abelia grandiflora) Height: 4-6'; Spread: 3-5 "
Abelia is quite common in local nurseries and tends to be less expensive than
other shrubs on this list. It bears pale pink flowers throughout the summer.
Although it has proven quite popular for informal hedges, it has several draw-
backs. Abelia should be pruned and thinned to maintain its best form. It may drop its
leaves due to low temperatures, lack of pruning, or starvation.
WARTY BARBERRY (Berberis verruculosa) Height: 3-4'; Spread: 3-4'
Barberrys as a group have proven to be excellent as hedge plants. With their dense,
spiny limbs, they are effective barriers in public places. The Warty Barberry is
a shrub with a neat, compact habit. It is soil tolerant and has no special maintainanc
requirements. It grows slowly, but it will reach a height of 3 to 4 feet within
five years.
14INTERGREEN BARBERRY (Berberis julianae) Height: 4-6'; Spread: 2-5'
This is another Barberry which forms an impenetrable thorny hedge. In fact, it
grows even more densely than the Warty Barberry. It is pest resistant and is very
hardy. No pruning is required. Because it is fairly slow growing, it will take
eight to ten years to reach a height of 5 to 6 feet.
DWARF HORNED HOLLY (Ilex cornuta:'rotunda') Height: 3'; Spread: 3-4'
This shrub is an exce lent selection for a low hedge. It is soil tolerant and
requires no pruning or other special care once established. With its spiny
leaves, this plant appears to be and is in fact rugged. Like all Hollies, it
grows best in full sun, but unlike others of its species, it produces bright red
berries without both sexes being present.
LITTLELEAF JAPANESE HOLLY (Ilex crenata 'microph lla') Height: 4-6'; Spread: 5 7'
This Holly is a good substitute for the more finicky and often more expensive
Boxwood. It withstands pruning, but is quite attractive in its natural form.
Although considered to be slow growing, it will form a stiff 6-feet-tall
hedge within ten years. The Littleleaf Japanese Holly grows well in both sun and
shade and does well in city conditions.
CONVEXA JAPANESE HOLLY (Ilex crenata 'convexa') Height: 4-6'; Spread: 3 5'
The Convexa Japanese Holly is another good Boxwood substitute. This shrub is
considered to be one of the most attractive, hardy and servicable Hollies for
landscape use. It is attractive in either a clipped or unclipped form. It grows
faster than the Littleleaf Japanese Holly.'
INDIA HAWTHORN (Raphiolepis indica) Height: 3-4'; Spread: 4-5'
With its spreading, irregular branching, the India Hawthorn makes an excellent
informal hedge. It is tolerant of a variety of soils and is fairly drought resistant.
However, it may not be as cold tolerant and pest resistant as other shrubs on this
list.

Small shrubs (cont.)
AZALEAS and RHODADENDRONS (Rhodadendron species) Hei ht: 3'+; Spread: 3'+.
Many varieties of Azaleas and Rhodadendrons are dense and evergreen and are,
therefore, good screening material. The universal popularity of this large shrub
family belies the fact that its members must not be planted indiscriminately.
As a group, Rhodadendron species prefer cool, moist, well drained, acidic soil
which has a fairly high organic content. They do best in shade or partial shade
particularly when they are planted in extremely hot or windy locations. If
planted in full sun, they should receive plenty of water. In spite of these
requirements, once established in good soil with the correct culture and water,
both Rhodadendrons and Azaleas tend to take care of themselves. Some relatively
hardy and vigorous species are: Kurume Azaleas (R. obtusum), Snow Azaleas
(R. mucronatum), Indian Azaleas (R. indicum), and the native Carolina Rhoda-
dendron (R. carolinianum).
JAPANESE YE14 (Taxus cuspidata) Height• 4-61, Spread• 5 7'
The versatile Yew is commonly available from local nurseries in a wide variety of
sizes and shapes. The Japanese Yew serves as excellent screening material in
either a clipped or unclipped form. It tolerates poor growing conditions and
flourishes in almost any kind of soil. (Soggy soil may hamper its growth, however.)
It is comparatively pest free and is hardy under trying winter conditions. The
Yew's best feature is its rich shiny green needles which grow densely on all
varieties.

E-15 Large Shrubs for Evergreen Screening
The following shrubs are recommended for high hedges or screens. Each species
grows to a height of more than 6 feet; therefore, these shrubs are appropriate for
Opaque Screens.
HEDGE BAMBOO (Bambusa multiplex) Hei ht• 10-12'; Spread: 4 6"
Hedge Bamboo grows rapidly yet is more easily confined to a limited area than most
types of Bamboo. It is adaptable to a variety of situations, but requires plenty
of water. For best effect as a screen, Hedge Bamboo should be stagger planted.
THORNY ELAENGUS (Elaengus oungens) Height: 8-101; Spread: 6 10'
This shrub is tolerant of many adverse conditions. It will grow rapidly in
relatively infertile, dry soils. Its dense thorny branches form an excellent
natural hedge. It is one of the most common evergreen shrubs in the south.
BURFORD HOLLY (Ilex cornuta 'Burfordii') Height: 8-15; Spread: 6 8'
The Burford Holly has been called, "one of the best and most servicable of all
broad leaved evergreens for general planting in the South." It is soil tolerant,
grows rapidly, requires no pruning, and usually has no pest problems. Its dark
green leaves lack the usual Holly spines.
YAUPON HOLLY (Ilex vomitoria) Height: 5-15'; Spread: 6-12'
This is another versatile Holly, slower growing than the Burford, but equally as
adaptable to adverse conditions. It is a native shrub which has proven to be one
of the most drought resistant of all Hollies. IF may be clipped to maintain any
desired height. The Yaupon Holly"is very heavily fruited and will attract birds.
LAUREL or SWEET BAY (Lauris nobilis) Height: 10-12', Spread: 8 10'
Laurel is -a tough low maintainance shrub which does best in fertile, well
drained soils. Pruning is not required but it may be sheared to any desired
form. It screens well with a single row planting. The Laurel has'been a
popular landscaping plant since ancient times.
JAPANESE PRIVET (Li ustrum japonicum) Height: 6-10'; Spread: 5 6'
The Japanese Privet will survive almost any adversity including heat, cold, drought,
air pollution, and poor soil. Accordingly, it is one of the most popular hedge
plants in America. This and other Ligustrums are fast growing and remarkably pest
free. They are ideal as a high screen in large scale areas. It has been said
that if a Ligustrum will not grow in a particular location, then nothing will.
FORTUNE TEA OLIVE (Osmanthus fortunei) Height: 9-12'; Spread: 5 7'
This Osmanthus hybrid is a -popular, though non-descript, shrub. With its vigorous
growth, it will form an excellent screen or border. It is soil tolerant. The
Fortune Tea Olive is most notable for its inconspicuous yet highly fragrant
flowers.
RED PHOTINIA (Photinia glabra) Height: 6-10'; Spread• 4-5'
This low maintainance shrub is often selected for its glossy saw toothed leaves
which are a bright red when they first appear. Photinia forms a good hedge when
planted in full sun. It has somewhat looser foliage than other plants on this list.
In recent years, Red Photinia has become very popular in the Southeast.

Large shrubs (cont.)
LAURESTINUS VIBURNUM (Viburnum tinus) Hei ht: 10-12", Spread: 10-121.
This Viburnum is prized for its luxurient dark green foliage. It is va uable
for screens and, though sometimes clipped as a formal hedge, it can remain uncut
for years and still keep its good form. It grows best in medium fertile soils
and prefers dry conditions in.the late summer. All Viburnums withstand city
conditions well.

E-16 Assorted Shrubs for Broken Screens
The following is a sampling of shrubbery which would be appropriate in a
Broken Screen. Because many of these plants are deciduous, they are not suitable
for Opaque and Semi -Opaque Screens. (Note: Many of the evergreen shrubs described in
plantingl ists E-14 and E-15, are also suitable for Broken Screens.),
JAPANESE BARBERRY. (Berberis thunber ii) Height: 3-5'; Spread: 3 5'
This extremely common deciduous shrub is considered to be one of the toughest
members of the Barberry family. It survives drought, poor soils, exposure, and
the worst city conditions. With its many thorns, the Japanese Barberry is often
used as an impenetrable barrier, but it is attractive enough to stand alone as a
specimen plant. It requires no special maintainance and, when planted singly,
needs no pruning.
FRINGETREE (Chioanthus virginicus) Height: 10-30'; Spread: 8 10'
The Fringetree is known for its profusion of beautiful flowers. It is considered
to be one of the most striking native American shrubs. It is relatively difficult
to transplant, but once established it does well in cities as it endures heavy
smoke and dust. The mature Fringetree's only drawback is that its leaves appear
rather late in the Spring.
BORDER FORSYTHIA (Forsythia intermedia) Height: 8-10'; Spread: 7 10'
Forsythias are well known shrubs which bloom bright yellow quite early in the
Spring. There are two commonly available forms of this shrub: the weeping
Forsythia suspensa and the more upright Forsythia intermedia. The latter is
preferred for screening purposes. With its graceful branches, the Border
Forsythia presents a good deciduous foliage mass and should be given plenty of
room to grow. It transplants easily and withstands poor growing conditions.
It should be thinned occasionally to ensure vigorous growth.
VERNAL 14ITCH HAZEL (Hamamelis vernalis) Height: 4-6'; Spread: 2-3'
This rapidly growing native shrub is excellent for bordering and naturalizing.
It assumes a dense, upright form, thriving in even the most polluted air. Other
than plenty of watering, the Vernal Witch Hazel requires no special maintainance.
CONiON WITCH HAZEL (Hamamelis vir iniana) Height: 8-15'; Spread: 7 14'
This shrub is a larger version of Vernal Witch Hazel with many of the same qualities.
It is another native woodland plant which has adapted well to landscaping uses.
The Common Witch Hazel is recommended for shady areas, but when planted in the sun
it grows to be a splendid well rounded specimen. It is especially useful in
large areas.
PFITZER JUNIPER (Juniperus chinensis 'Pfitzeriana') Height: 4 6'; Spread: 6 9'
This evergreen is recommended for Broken Screens rather than full fledged hedges
because its form lends itself to massing rather than row planting. Pfitzer
Juniper has been know to grow 6 feet high and spread 10 to 15 feet within ten years.
Thus it should be given plenty of room to grow. Despite its exotic appearance,
it is a commonly used landscape plant. Junipers, as a group, withstand hot, poor,
dry soils of city areas probably better than any other evergreens. However, they
do suffer from certain pest problems and should therefore be watched closely once
they are planted.

Assorted shrubs (cont.)
DROOPING LEUCOTHOE (Leucothoe fontanesiana) Height: 3-4'; Spread: 4-61
.
Drooping Leucothoe is a moundlike shrub which is good for planting in front of
and between other flora and beneath trees. It is hardy in city conditions and
gives a natural effect when planted along borders. This native evergreen is
graceful and attractive in all seasons. It is easy to transplant but requires
a heavy mulch and should be provided with at least partial shade. Old branches
should be pruned occasionally to stimulate new growth.
WINTER HONEYSUCKLE (Lonicera fraqrantissima) Hei ht 6-8'; Spread: 6-8'
The only resemblance between this shrub and the more familiar Honeysuckle vine is
its extremely fragrant flowers. The Winter Honeysuckle has leathery semi -evergreen
leaves and assumes a globe shape as it rapidly grows. It is a tough plant, soil
tolerant and virtually maintainance free.
STAR MAGNOLIA (Magnolia stellata) Height; 10-121; Spread: 8 10'
This handsome specimen shrub is considered to be the hardiest of all the Magnolias.
It forms a broad, rounded mass. It becomes tree -like with age but continues to
branch to the ground. Early in the spring, it produces numerous fragrant white
flowers. The Star Magnolia should not be planted adjacent to shallow rooting
trees. It should be allowed plenty of sun.
NORTHERN BAYBERRY (M rica pens lvanica) Height: 3 6'; Spread: 3 8'
This shrub, often used for windbreaks at the beach, is also effective for shrub
masses in Piedmont areas. Its ability to tolerate salt and sand translates
into a quality for withstanding the rigors of city life. Bayberry normally forms
a dense, spreading mound. While it is evergreen at the shore, it may annually
drop its leaves in less temperate climates.
JUDD VIBURNUM (Viburnum juddii) Height: 8'; Spread: 6'
Viburnums are sturdy shrubs which are commonly available in area nurseries. The
Judd Viburnum is rounded and dense. It bears loose clusters of fragrant white
flowers in the early Spring. If given plenty of water, it will grow rapidly.
Its fall fruit is attractive to birds.
DOUBLEFILE VIBURNUM (Viburnum plicatum tomentosum) Height: 8-101; Spread: 8 10'
The Doublefile Viburnum grows larger than the Judd and is noted for its strong
horizontal branching habit. It is a very servicable accent plant in shrub borders.
The Doublefile Viburnum should be carefully watered in periods of extended drought.

ppendix F-2
Computational Work Sheet to.Hand-Calculate Legfrom Sound Level Meter Measurements Recorded on Data Lon
A B
Noise
Level Relative Relative Total
Band, dB Count Noise Energy Noise Enera,y
100
98
x
79,400 =
96
x
50,100 -
94
x
31 600 -
92
x
20,000 =
90
x
12,600 =
89
x
8b
x
5,010_
84
x
3,160 _
8V
x
2,000
80
x
1,260 =
7
x
794 -
76
x
501 -
74
x
316 -
7?
x
70-
x
126 =
6i;
x
79.4 -
66
x
50.1 = f
64
x
31.6 = —�
62
x
20.0 =
60
x
12.6 =
58
x
7.94 =
56
x
5.01 =
54
x
3.16 7--
52
50
x
x
2.00 =
1.26 =
48
x
.79 =
46
x
.501 =
44
x
.316 =
4z
x
.200 =
40r
x
.26 =
38
x
.0294 =
3b
x
.0501 -
34
x
.0316 = --
3
x
.0200 =
3
x
.0126
SUM B = _
cl im rV-,i Y,,A r. -
SUM D =
. . --- —.... -
DATA REQUIREMENTS:
o Each noise reading must be taken at a standard
time interval between measurements.
o Each noise level recorded is the instantanteous
level.
STEP
PROCEDURE
1
Enter number of counts per noise level
in Column B.
2
Multiply the counts in Column B by the
number in Column C and enter the result
in Column D.
3
Add all values in Column B to determine
Sum B,add all values in Column D to
determine Sum D and divide Sum D by Sum B.
4
Locate the value in Column C that is
approximately equal Sum D/Sum B. The
corresponding value in Column A is equal
to Legg. Interpolate to the nearest
0.5 d6.
EXAMPLE
Given the following
count date, find Leq
Noise Number of
Level Occurrences
R'
82 11
80 - T
7£i 1111
761111 1111 1
74 1111
72 -
Using Steos 1 through 4 gives
A B C D
81
82 2_ x 2,000 = 4,000
80 0 x 1,260 = 0
7R 5 x 794 = 3,970
76 11 x 501 = 5,511
74 4 x 316 = 1,264
72 0 x 200 = 0
Sum B= 22 Sum D = 14,745
Sum D/Sum B = 670
o by linear interpolation in
Column C and Column A