CAMA Land Use Plan Update-1981

C A M A
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
FOA
OCEAN ISLE BEACH
rLAMNING r T C A DESIGN 1 L^ul
CON6UL71NG
Talbert Cox & Associates Inc.

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED FOR THE RESIDENTS
OF
OCEAN ISLE BEACH; NORTH CAROLINA
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS:
La Dane Bull ington, Mayor --- -
Tom Jones, Mayor Pro-Tem Connor S. Cox
William D. Benton Marvin L. Stanley
Betty Williamson
Alberta C. Tatum, Town Clerk
PLANNING BOARD
William Bullington Frances. Williams Terry Barbee
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROVIDED BY:
TALBERT, COX & ASSOCIATES, INC.
P.O. BOX 3333
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28406
T. Dale Holland, Planner -In -Charge
Kenneth Weeden, Project Planner
The preparation of this report was financially
aided through a federal grant -'from the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The
grant was made through the North Carolina
Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development.
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OCEAN ISLE BEACH, NORTH CAROLINA
LAND USE PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
SECTION
I: DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
A.
Establishment of Information Base
1
B.
Present Conditions
2
1. Population
2
2. Economy
3
3. Impact of Seasonal Population
4
4. Existing Land Use Analysis
6
a. Current Conditions
6
b. Significant Land Compatibility Problems
7
c. Problems From Unplanned Development
7
d. Identification of Areas Experiencing or
Likely to Experience Changes in Predominant
Land Use
8
e. Areas of Environmental Concern
8'
5. Current Plans, Policies, and Regulations
.11
C.
Constraints: Land Suitability
20
1. Physical Limitations
20
2. AIWW Easements
27
3. Horizontal Wellfields
27
4. Slopes
27
5. Fragile Areas
27
6. Areas with Resource Potential
28
D.
Constraints: Capacity of Community Facilities
28.
1-. Existing Water Service Areas
28
2. Sewer Service Area
.30
3.- Schools
-30
4. Transportation
30
E:LEstimated
Demand
31
1. Population and Economy
31
2. Future Land Need
33
3. Community Facilities Need
34
SECTION II: POLICY STATEMENTS
35
A.
Resource Protection
35
1. Estuarine System
35
2. Estuarine Shorelines
38
3. Ocean Hazards AECs
38
4. Ocean Hazard Policies
40
5. Natural and Cultural Resource
42
6. Physical Constraints to Development
42
7. Hurricane and Flood Evacuation Needs
43
B..
Implementation Strategy: Resource Protection
Policies
43
C.
Resource Production and Management
44
1. Recreational Resources
44
2. Commercial and Recreational Fisheries
45
3. Off -Road Vehicles
46
ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D
PAGE
D.
Implementation Strategy: Resource Production
and Management
46
E.
Economic and Community Development
47
1. Local Commitment to Service Provisions
49
2. Types of Urban Growth Patterns
50
3. Commitment to Federal and State Programs
51
4. Assistance to Channel Maintenance
51
5. Tourism
52
6. Beach and Waterfront Access
52
F.
Implementation Strategy: Economic and Community
Development
53
G.
Continuing Public Participation
53
H.
Implementation Strategy: Continuing Public
Participation
54
I.
Additional Specified Local Issues:
54
1. AIWW Easements
55
2. Inlet Stabilization/Ocean Front Erosion.
55
SECTION III: LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
56
A.
Developed
56
B.-Transition
57
C.
Conservation
58
D.
Conservation Spoil
58
E.
Other Classifications
.58-
SECTION IV:. RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES AND LAND
CLASSIFICATIONS
60
A.
Developed and Transition Classes
60,
B.
Conservation Class
60
APPENDIX
I.
Definition of Terms:
iii

OCEAN ISLE BEACH, NORTH CAROLINA
LAND USE PLAN
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NUMBERS
PAGE
1.
Population Growth Rate Comparisons
I-
2.
Commercial Establishments In Ocean Isle Beach
5
y 3.
Existing Land Uses In Ocean Isle Beach
7
4.
State Licenses and Permits
15
5.
Federal Licenses and Permits
17
6.
Federal, State and Local Controls
19
7.
Estimated Soils Properties Significant to
Engineering
21
8.
Degree and Kind of Soils Limitations for
Stated Use
22
9.
Water Use and Capacity: Ocean Isle Beach
29
10.
Enrollment Levels and School Capacity:
Shallotte, N. C.
30
11.
Traffic Counts and Projections: N.C. 904
31
12.
Projected Land Need Based on Seasonal Populations
33
MAPS
1.
Locational Map
i
2.
Soil Map of Ocean Isle Beach
23
3.
Septic Tank Problem Areas at Ocean Isle Beach.,
26
4.
Land Use Map: Attached (three sheets)
5.
Land Classifications: Attached (three sheets)

A. ESTABLISHMENT OF INFORMATION BASE:
The development of a Land'Use Plan for Ocean Isle Beach re-
presents, perhaps, the most significant policy formulation effort
in the history of the community. Ocean Isle Beach, a relatively
"young" community, was incorporated as a Town in 1959 with the
1960.U.S. Census reporting only 5 permanent residents. By the
1970 census, however, the then 11 year old community increased by -
73 permanent residents to a total of 78. The 1980 preliminary
U.S. Census figure show the Town's population to be 180. Because
of the.Town's attraction as a clean, family -oriented beach, Ocean
Isle Beach's population will likely continue to grow.
Population growth, which requires an increasing utilization
of land and other resources, can lead to undesirable consequences
if unregulated or uncontrolled. Ocean Isle Beach, through the
development of this policy document, and the enforcement.of exist-
ing local controls, is seeking to avoid the negative results of
unmanaged growth. The Town itself is basically a seasonal, resi-
dential resort community. The community consists of a six -mile
long island, located off the Brunswick County Coast and separated
from the mainland by the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway. The is-
land runs from west to east, being bordered on the south_by the
Atlantic Ocean and to the north by the Intracoastal Waterway.
In 1976, when the coastal counties were first required to
prepare land use plans under the Coastal Area Management Act
(CAMA), Ocean Isle agreed for Brunswick County to prepare the
Town's Plan.as part of the County's Land.Use Plan. However, many
of the detailed analyses contained in the 1976 plan were specific
for the County, and generalized for Ocean Isle Beach.
Thus, in 1981,the Town, in recognition of its growing.popu-
lation and subsequent increased service demands, elected to.formu-
late its own land development policies --within the bounds of the
Coastal Area Management Act.
Because of the generalized nature of the information about
Ocean Isle contained in the 1976 Brunswick County Plan, most of
the information base for this new plan had to be redeveloped. The
1976.Brunswick County Plan contained some useful information, but
not enough for a complete information, update. Mapping of existing
land uses in 1976 and the designation of interim Areas of Environ-
mental Concern were very useful. Most of the data presented in
this report was developed through field surveys of the Town by
Talbert, Cox & Associates, Inc., engineers and planners. Addi-
tional information was obtained through discussions with. Town of-
ficials and representatives of other agencies such as the Wilming-
ton Regional Office of the North Carolina Department of Natural
Resources and Community Development, the Cape Fear Council of Gov-
ernments, the Brunswick County Planning Department and the Demo-
graphic Section of the North Carolina Department of Administra
1

tion's Office of State Budget. The use of secondary sources such
as written policies, plans, and.other documents, also proved help-
ful.
The analysis of existing conditions and trends for Ocean
Isle Beach implied several major conclusions:
-- Population increases, both seasonal and permanent,.as
well.as urbanized development is likely to continue.
-- The major possible constraints to that development are
the provision of adequate water and waste water disposal
facilities, and,
-- If adequate water and sewer services are provided, and
development continues to occur, the Town will have to
strictly comply with existing federal, State and its own
land use controls in order to maintain sound environmen-
tal management.practices.
B. PRESENT CONDITIONS:
1. POPULATION:
Since Ocean Isle Beach is largely a summer resort community,
the Town experiences a wide fluctuation of population according to
the season. The year-round permanent population has always been,
and remains relatively small. The past two decades however, have
seen a dramatic increase in the number of year-round permanent re-
sidents. The most dramatic increase occurred between 1960 and
1970. The Town was incorporated in 1959 and made its first show-
ing in the U. S. Census in 1960 with a permanent population of
only five people. In 1970, however, the U. S. Census showed a
year-round population of 78 people. Numerically, this was an in-.
crease of only 73 people. But in terms of percentages, the 1960.
to 1970 growth represented a 1,460 percent increase, which was
substantial. The growth trend for permanent residents also carri-
ed over into the 19701s, when the permanent population again more
than doubled, growing from 78 to 180. The 1970 to 1980 growth
rate represented an increase of 130.08 percent --an average in-
crease of about 13 percent per year. Ocean Isle's rate of popula
tion growth during the decade from 1970 to 1980, according to pre-
liminary 1980 figures, was nearly three times the rate of Bruns- -
wick County's--130.08 percent compared to 45.9 percent. Listed in
the following Table I are the population figures for Ocean Isle
Beach.and Brunswick County, as well as comparative growthrates.
2

TABLE I. Population Growth Rate Comparison
Population Rate of Income (�)
YEAR Ocean Isle Brunswick Co. Ocean Isle Brunswick Co.
1950
N/A
19F238
N/A
N/A
1960
5
20,278
N/A
5.4
1970
78
24,223
1,460.6
19.5
1980
180
35,349-
130.8
45.9
1980 Census: Final Field Count (Preliminary Figures), provided by
N. C.,Department of Administration
The growth in the Town's population was spurred initially by
its attraction as a pleasant second -home or vacation -home loca-
tion. Retirees also became more and more attracted to Ocean Isle
Beach and more businesses developed, with some business proprie-
tors deciding to locate permanently in the Town.
The composition of the population, in terms of age, consists
mostly of young to middle -age adults and retirees. In fact, the
Town Clerk estimated that only 12 to 15 school -age children re-
side within the Town. As the population increases, however, with
more younger families choosing to permanently locate in Ocean
Isle, the number of school -age children will also likely increase.
Ocean Isle Beach permanent population currently does.not con-
tain any racial minorities. As the overall population continues
to grow, it is feasible that the future population will include
members of minority groups.
Although the number of year-round residents is only 180, the
summer population rises sharply to 6,000 or 7,000 people. The
year-round residents live in only 10 percent of the available
housing units, while 90 percent of the Town's housing consists of
vacation homes or second -homes. Many,of the owners of these
homes come to live on the island during the summer, and/or make
the units available for rent to the general public when not being
used privately.
Currently, the island has four multi -family developments, all
containing some year-round residents. Another'24-unit multi -fami-
ly complex was under construction as of the writing of this re-
port, and the Town was reviewing a proposal for a 54-unit multi-
family project. It.is logical, therefore, to assume that when
these units are complete and occupied, that some of the occupants
will remain in the Town all year-round.
2. ECONOMY:
The economy of Ocean Isle Beach is dependent upon tourism and
travel. Ocean Isle Beach lies between two other beach com-
3

munities, Sunset Beach and Holden Beach, and borders the Intra-
coastal Waterway. The Town features white, powdered sand beach-
es, a gentle surf, quietude and privacy. These attractions, as
well as the opportunity for surf and pier fishing, offer relaxing
vacations to thousands of visitors during the summer months each
year.
Ocean Isle's economic base consists mainly of services such
as motels, cottage rentals, restaurants, gifts and specialty
shops, and privately -owned recreational facilities such as water
slides -and mini -golf courses. All of these services are'generally
.geared toward the traveling and vacationing public and as such,
are dependent upon the seasonal flow of visitors for their finan-
cial sustenance. The seasonal population influx also produces
what is, by and large, a seasonal economy. This does. not necessa-
rily imply that the business community somehow vanishes or disap-,
pears during the "off-season" months, but it is true that most of
the businesses in the Town do not -remain open all year-round. Ob-
viously, some stores, shops, and service stations must remain open
to serve the year-round population.
The service -based economy of Ocean Isle consists almost to
tally of commercial activities. There is no agricultural or farm-
ing activity in the Town; neither are there any manufacturing or
industrial interests in Ocean Isle. Of increasing importance to
the local economy, is the steady growth in real estate development
and sales. There are four major multi -family developments cur-
rently in the Town.
The continuing real estate development and sales in the Town
will most likely foster a continual growth in the number of perma-
nent residents. As permanent residents increase, 'the demand for
local services also increase. As local commercial services and
activities increase, the Town will witness a more stable expansion
of its economic base. Current trends indicate that the permanent
population of Ocean Isle will steadily increase. (See Part E.1,
Page 31).
Employment in Ocean Isle, like the population and the econo-
my, is also seasonal. From a peak of about 100 persons, who work
in the various stores, shops, motels, and restaurants during the
height of the tourist season, employment drops 70 percent to
around 30 persons during the off-season. The Town of Ocean Isle
employs 10 people year-round, so the total non -government employ-
ment in the Town in the off-season is about 20 people.
The following Table 2 contains a listing of the Town's busi-
nesses. A few of the residents are engaged in minor commercial
fishing. This activity, however, is relatively small, and plays
no significant role in the Town's economy.
4

TABLE 2. Commercial Establishments In Ocean Isle Beach
1. Causeway Motel
2. The "Winds" Motel and Vacation Apartments
3. Ocean Isle Motel
4. Sloan Realty
5. Ocean Isle Shopping Center.
6. Ocean Isle Party Mart
.7. Betty Williamson (Hair Salon, Realty Agency, Apparel Shopj
Office Building
8. Causeway Realty
9. Ocean Isle Putt -Putt Miniature Golf
10. Causeway Putt -Putt Miniature Golf
11. Sea -Shack Clothing Store
12. ABC Store
13. Sheffield Grocery and Gas
14. Exxon Marina
15. Shell Service Station
16. Island Realty
17. Shoreline Beauty Salon
18. Islander Restaurant
19. Ocean Isle Water Slide
20. The Galley Supermarket
21. The Beach Shop (Supermarket and Beachwear)
22. Ocean Isle Deli
23. The Breakers Game Center
24. Ocean Isle Realty
25. Cooke Realty
26. Ocean Isle Grill, Pier and Amusement Center
3. IMPACT OF SEASONAL POPULATION:
Since the seasonal population increases so sharply (ranging
from 6,000 to 7,000 people from 180) naturally, the impact is sub-
stantial. The most significant impacts are upon the Town's econo-
my and its water system.
During the seasonal peak of visitors, the Town's water capa
city can be taxed heavily. Up until late 1980, water for the Town
came from four wells which were located on the island. These
wells had an estimated total 24-hour pumping capacity. of 288,000
GPD, with a design capacity of one-half that amount, or .144,000
GPD, (according to.guidelines of the North Carolina Department of
Human Resources). Peak usage, however, at an estimated population
of 6,000 was projected to.be 432,000 GPD during the summer of
1980, by the North Carolina Department.of Natural Resources and
Community Development's Division of Environmental Management, Wil-
mington Regional Office. In fact, during the July 4, 1980, week-
end, because of near -drought conditions and high demand, the Town
nearly ran out of water. The Town was quick to recognize this
problem, and initiated a strategy to increase its water supply.
By the summer of 1981, Ocean Isle will have a total of 13 wells
with an estimated total pumping capacity of 986,400 GPD. The
5

design capacity would be 493,200 GPD. With this increased
capacity, the Town will be able to avoid the water shortages it
experienced in 1980, provided rainfall is adequate to replenish
the wells.
Since the Town currently has no central sewage treatment fa-
cilities, all effluent is now handled by on -site systems, (i.e.,
septic tanks). Concern has been raised about possible effluent
infiltration into the potable ground water.supply as a result of
the seasonal population increases. However, no evidence of such
infiltration has been detected. Although the soils in the area
apparently have been able to.handle even the seasonal load of ef-
fluent, the demands of continued real estate development and tou-
rism may require consideration of some future waste treatment al-
ternatives.
4. EXISTING LAND USE ANALYSIS:
a. Current Conditions:
During the preparation of the 1976 Brunswick County Land Use
Plan, the existing land uses in Ocean Isle were mapped, showing
the Town's development pattern. An updated existing land use map
prepared by Talbert, Cox & Associates, Inc., for this current
plan,.revealed a similar overall development and land utilization
pattern as was noted in 1976. However, the island has witnessed
significant increases in the utilization of land for.both residen-
tial and non-residential purposes. Multi -family developments such
as apartments have accounted for a major portion of the residen-
tial development. Single-family unit development has also in-
creased significantly. As a map of the Town shows, the residen-
tial development patterns are influenced largely by the man-made
finger canals which provide the residents with access to the In-
tracoastal Waterway. (See Attached Land Use Map, Map 4).
Commercial land utilization in Ocean Isle also increased be-
tween 1976 and 1981, with the commercial development pattern re-
main ing about the same. Most of the commercial developments are
located along N. C. Highway 904, which is the island's only access
road to the mainland. This pattern is regarded as a land use
norm,.since commercial services designed to serve the general and
traveling public, are usually best located along major thorough-
fares as opposed to being in concentrated residential areas. This
area is also zoned for commercial activities by the Town's zoning
ordinance. There are, however, some minor commercial developments
such as convenience shopping areas, on the main part of the is-
land. Ocean Isle's jurisdiction, including beaches, marshes, and
surrounding waters, encompasses approximately 1,950 acres. Of
this total, only 1,030 acres, (53%), are considered developable.
These 1,030 acres were classified, as "Transition" lands in the
1976 Brunswick County Land Use Plan. The remaining 920 acres con-
sisting mostly of surrounding waters, marshes, and beaches, were
then classified as "Conservation" Lands. Although the Town has
experienced a relatively rapid conversion of undeveloped land into
"developed" land, only a small.portion of the total developable
6

areas has been used. Table 3, below shows the developed land use
by categories and acreage totals.
TABLE 3 Existing; Land Uses In Ocean Isle Beach
Use/Category Acreage Percent of Total
Developable (1,030 ac.)
Single Family. 105 10.2
Multi -Family 25 2.4
Public/Semi-Public 5 .5
Commercial- 9 .9
Office and Institutional 2 .2
Transportation 45 4.4
Total 191 18.6%
Note.that only 18.6 percent of the available developable
land is currently being used. This means that less than one
fifth of the developable land has been developed thus far. From
the standpoint of land availability alone, it would appear that
Ocean Isle could sustain a significant amount of additional devel-
opment. However; land availability alone is not the only factor
determining the suitability of land for development.
There are no industrial uses within Ocean Isle and the Town
has not actively sought industrial development. Town officials
and citizens have expressed a desire to maintain Ocean Isle -
Beach's character as a quiet, relaxing tourist and vacation beach.
It.is.felt that industrial development would be inconsistent as
well as incompatible, with the retention of that character.
b. Significant Land Compatibility Problems:
The most significant land compatibility problem in Ocean
Isle relates to waste water disposal and potable water supplies.
The Town's water supply comes from 13 wells with.10 located on the
island. Waste water disposal is handled completely by septic
tanks. As development on the island increases, and more visitors
frequent the area during vacation seasons, the demand for water
will also substantially increase. Increased pressures are also
placed on the septic systems for waste water disposal. However,
since the effluent is being absorbed into the soil, and the pota-
ble water also comes from ground aquifers, these increased demands
may also increase the possibility of groundwater contamination.
To date, there has been no actual documentation of effluent infil-
tration into the groundwater supply on the island. The three
wells on the mainland are located outside of the Town's jurisdic-
tion in an undeveloped area.
c. Problems From Unplanned Development:
The seasonal population at Ocean Isle Beach has grown faster
.than the Town's developed water supply. During the extended
drought conditions of the summer of 1980, when there was little
rain to recharge the fresh water aquifers, the Town nearly ran
7

out of water. In 1980 the Town was operating only four wells,
which proved to be inadequate in meeting the demand for water.
By the summer of 1981, however, the Town will have a total of 13
wells which should alleviate any potential water shortage pro-
blem, and provide adequate water supplies for a number of years•to
come.
Another potentially serious problem caused by high water de-
mand and subsequent stress upon the wells, is related to the posi-
tion of the aquifers from which the Town's water is pumped. Since
Ocean Isle is an island, it is bordered on two sides by salt or
brackish waters. These brackish waters infiltrate the island's
subterrain and form a strata just underneath the freshwater aqui-
fers which, prior to the three wells on the mainland, provided the
Town its usable water.supply. The fresh water supply depended
heavily upon a hydrological equilibrium whereby the aquifers were
being recharged (by rainfall, for example), at least at a rate
equal to the rate it was being pumped. The hydrological equili-
brium in such cases, also maintains a balance between the inter-
face of fresh water and the salt water lying beneath it. During
periods of extended drought, however, when rainfall is inadequate
to recharge the freshwater aquifer equal to the pumping- out
rate, the salt water can intrude up into the fresh water supply,
causing some contamination of potable water. This happened to
Ocean Isle during the summer of 1980,.but not severely. The Town
is anticipating growth and development to continue and has already
taken steps to develop additional water resources.
d. Identification of Areas Experiencing or Likely to
Experience Changes in Predominant Land Use:
The dominant land use patterns in Ocean Isle, as shown on
the attached existing land use map, are projected to continue.
The established land use conversion pattern, i.e., from "Transi-
tion" to "Developed" for residential purposes is likely to contin-
ue for sometime into the future.
e. Areas of Environmental Concern: (AEC):
In the 1976 Brunswick County Land Use Plan, there were sever-
al AECs proposed for Ocean Isle Beach. However, these areas were
only interim areas and since that time the Coastal Resources Com-
mission has adopted official Areas of Environmental Concern for
all of coastal North Carolina. The final AEC's designated for the
Town of Ocean Isle come under the'Estuarine System grouping and
the Ocean Hazard Area category. The AECs under the Estuarine Sy-
stem group for Ocean Isle Beach are:
1. Coastal Wetlands, which are defined as any salt marsh or
other mar7,h subject to regular or occassional flooding by tides,
including wind tides (whether or not the tide waters reach the
marshland areas through natural or artificial water sources), pro-
vided this shall not include hurricane or tropical storm tides.
Coastal Wetlands also contain certain marsh plant species. In
L

Ocean Isle Coastal Wetlands occur generally in the northern por-
tions of the island which are adjacent to the Intracoastal Water-
way. The most substantial amount of wetlands is located in the
northwest sector of the island between the Intracoastal Waterway
and Old Sound Creek. Also included are the marshlands adjacent to
the Intracoastal Waterway, and the land adjacent to the finger
canals leading to the waterway. These areas are important because
the marsh maintains .the high productivity of fish and shellfish
and the complex food chains which are typically found in the
estuaries:
2. Estuarine Waters are defined as "all the water of the
Atlantic Ocean within the boundary of North Carolina and all the
water of the bays, sounds, rivers, and tributaries thereto seaward
to the dividing line between coastal fishing waters and inland
fishing waters" (N.C. G. S. 113A-113(b) (2). The Estuarine Waters
are very important for a number of reasons, mainly because they
serve as the birth place and nursery areas of many species of fish
and shellfish. Estuarine Waters support the valuable -commercial
and sports fisheries of the coastal area which are comprised of
estuarine -dependent species such as menhaden, flounder, shrimp,
crabs, and oysters. These species must spend all or some part of
their life cycle within the Estuarine Waters in order to mature
and reproduce. The .estuarine waters within Ocean Isle Beach's
jurisdiction include the Intracoastal Waterway, the major inlets
on either end of the island, (Shallotte Inlet on the east end, and
Tubb's Inlet on the west end), and the finger canals located near
the island's center.
3. Public Trust Areas, which are partially defined as all
waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands thereunder from the
mean high water mark to the seaward limit of State jurisdiction;
all natural bodies of water subject to measurable lunar tides and
lands there under to the mean high mark; all navigable natural
bodies of water and lands thereunder to'the mean high water level
or mean water level, as the case may be. In other words, Public
Trust Areas are waters and adjacent lands, the use of which, bene-
fits -and belongs to the public. Public Trust Areas are used for
both commercial and recreational purposes. In Ocean Isle Beach
the Intracoastal Waterway, Tubbs Inlet, Shallotte Inlet, Ocean
Beaches, and the Atlantic Ocean adjacent to the beaches are all
Public Trust AECs. These areas support recreational uses such as
swimming, boating, water skiing and sportsfishing and commercial
fishing.
4. Estuarine Shorelines are defined as non -ocean shorelines
which.are especially vulnerable to erosion, flooding, or other
adverse effects of wind and water and are intimately connected to
the estuary. This area extends from the mean high water level or
normal water level along the estuaries, sounds, bays, and brack-
ish waters for a -distance of 75.feet inland. These areas are sig-
nificant because development within the shorelines can influence
the quality of estuarine life and is subject to the damaging pro
.cess of shorefront erosion and flooding. The shorelines of the
9

Estuarine Waters described on Page 9, and 75 feet landward are the
Estuarine Shorelines in Ocean Isle Beach.
Areas of Environmental Concern within the Ocean Hazard Areas
category are those areas considered to be natural hazard areas
Along the Atlantic Ocean..shoreline where, because of their spe-
cial vulnerability to erosion or adverse effects of sand, wind and
water, uncontrolled or incompatible development could unreasonably
endanger life or property. Ocean Hazard areas include beaches,
frontal dunes, inlet lands, and other areas in which geologic, ve-
getative and soil conditions indicate a substantial possibility of
excessive erosion or flood damage. The three major Ocean Hazard
areas are described below:
1. Ocean Erodible Area: This is the area of which there
exists a substantial possibility of excessive erosion and signifi-
cant shoreline fluctuation. The seaward boundary of this area is
the mean low waterline. The landward extent of this area is
determined as follows:
A. a distance landward from the first line of stable natural
vegetation to the recession line that would be establish-
ed by multiplying the long-term annual erosion rate, as
most recently determined by the Coastal Resources Commis-
sion, times 30, provided that where there has been no
long-term erosion or the rate is less than two feet per
year, this distance shall be set at 60 feet landward from
the first line of stable natural vegetation; and
B. a distance landward from the established recession line
to the recession line that would be generated by a storm
having a one percent chance or being equalled or exceeded
.in any given year.
The Ocean Erodible Area for Ocean Isle Beach extends 60 feet
inland from the first line of vegetation. This area is also the
building setback line in Ocean Isle. The rate of erosion in
Ocean'Isle has been estimated to be around two feet per year, mak-
ing it one of the lowest erosion rates along the State's coast.
2. High Hazard Flood Area: This is the area subject to high
velocity waters including, ut not limited to, hurricane wave
wash) in a storm having a one percent chance of being equalled or
exceeded in any given year, as identified as zone VI-30 on the
flood insurance rate maps of the Federal Insurance Administra-
tion, U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The 100
year flood elevation level for Ocean Isle Beach is 14 feet above
mean sea level. The area with the greatest flood hazard potential
extends along the ocean beach. The Town does participate in the
Federal Tlood Insurance Program.
3. Inlet Hazard Area: The Inlet Hazard Areas are those
lands identified by the State geologist to have a.substantial pos-
sibility of excessive erosion that are located adjacent to inlets.
10

This area shall extend landward from the mean low waterline`a dis-
tance sufficient to encompass that area within which the inlet
will,.based,on statistical analysis, migrate, and shall consider
such factors as previous inlet territory, structurally weak areas
near the inlet (such as an unusually narrow barrier island, an un-
usually long channel feeding the inlet, or an overwash area), and
external influences such as jetties and channeiization.
Ocean Isle Beach has two Inlet Hazard Areas, one located near
the eastern and one near the western ends of the island. The
largest Inlet Hazard Area is located on the eastern end of the is-
land on land adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean and Shallotte Inlet.
The other Inlet Hazard Area is located on the western tip of the
Island, adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean and Tubbs Inlet.
In addition to the Ocean Erodible, Flood Aazard, and Inlet
Hazard Areas, significant land forms such as ocean beaches and
frontal dunes are also considered to be ocean hazards. Ocean
beaches, which consists of the land area between the mean low
waterline and the first line of vegetation, or where a significant
change in elevation or slope alters the configuration of the land
form, whichever is farther landward, occur all along Ocean Isle's
southern border. There are also primary dunes within the Town's
jurisdiction. However, because of height definitions, these would
have to be determined on a case by case basis.
All development and development -related activity within the
designated AEC's within Ocean Isle Beach, is currently regulated
by the Coastal Area Management Act permit process.
5. Current Plans, Policies, and Regulations:
-
a. Transportation:
Ocean Isle has a Thoroughfare Plan, which was adopted June 8,
1981. Implementation of this plan is expected to facilitate traf-
fic flows on the island, by making some of -the east -west streets
one way routes A 200-foot wide strip of land, on which N. C.
Highway 904 is built, provides the island with access to the main-
land. At the point where N. C. 904 crosses the Intra- coastal
Waterway, is a State -operated and maintained, single -lane swing
span bridge. State Department of Transportation planners have de-
veloped proposals to replace the old .bridge with a newly construc-
ted span. It is projected that construction may begin in late
1981.
b. Community Facilities:
1. Water Distribution Plan: The Town's water source is cur-
rently based on 13 wells. Ocean Isle recognized the limitations
of continued reliance upon well expansion on the island for long-
term water supplies. A water system distribution plan was prepar-
ed for the Town by Boney and Associates, Consulting Engineers,
.with long-range plans of tying into the Brunswick County water
11

system. Presently, however, the County system does not extend to
Ocean,Isle and does not have the capacity to serve the Town. The
Town is very much aware of the need to evaluate its long-range
water plans because of continued growth in demand. This awareness
led to the development of three new wells on the mainland, The
new wells should assure Ocean Isle Beach'of ample amounts of water
beyond the current Planning period.
2. Waste Treatment Plans: Ocean Isle was included in a 1978 201
Facilities Plan for southwest Brunswick County. This plan, which
showed a proposed waste treatment plan using land application me-
thods, has not been implemented. A Preliminary Engineering Re-
port, in reference to the 201 Plan, was prepared for Ocean Isle in
1979. This report showed a proposed collection system for the
Town. Currently, funding is being sought to implement the sewage
collection and treatment plans for the Town apart from the 201
Plan. Because of its particular growth and development problems,
Ocean Isle would like to develop its own waste water collection
and treatment system on the island. Although funding has been ap-
plied for, approval from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) is currently being delayed. The EPA is in the process of
conducting an environmental impact study of development activities
on North Carolina's barrier islands, one of which is Ocean Isle
Beach. This environmental study could delay possible funding ap-
proval for up to two years, after which the actual costs could be
substantially higher than initial estimates.
c. Utilities Extension Policy:
The Town's policy concerning extending waterlines to newly
developed areas (water is currently the only town -owned utility)
is for the developer to pay all of the costs of extension and in-
stallation. The Town, however, does the actual work. After con-
struction, all the lines become the Town's property.
d. Recreation Policy:
Ocean Isle does not have a recreation policy and currently
provides no public recreational activities. The beaches provide
most of the area's recreational opportunities, and beach access
has not been a problem thus far. As growth continues to occur
outside of the Town --particularly private developments --beach ac-
cess problems may develop over the years. If recreation policies
are developed, then beach access will need to be addressed.
e. Prior Land Use Plans:
This is Ocean Isle's first attempt at developing its own
land use plan. In 1976, the Town agreed for Brunswick County to
prepare Ocean Isle Beachs Plan as part of the County's.Plan. The
Town Officials determined that it would be in the best interest of
12

Ocean Isle to formulate its own land use and land development po-
licies because of increased development within the Town.
f. Regulations and Enforcement Provisions:
1. CAMA Permits:
Because of Ocean Isle's location and geographic features, -
most of the new development is regulated by the CAMA permit pro-
cess. Although in some cases enforcement of the CAMA permits may
have caused developers some minor inconvenience, it has proven to
be an effective tool in regulating development in Ocean Isle. The
Town's Building.Inspector also serves as the local CAMA Minor Per-
mit Officer. The Areas of Environmental Concern which were de-
scribed in the preceding section are areas which need protection.
Enforcement of the CAMA permit process is a major means for that
protection.
.2. Zoning Ordinance and Zoning Map:
Ocean Isle adopted a Zoning Ordinance and Zoning Map in 1972.
The ordinance established four use districts (two for residential
uses, and two for commercial uses), and is actively enforced. The
Building Inspector is also the Zoning Officer. In conjunction
with the Zoning Ordinance, the Town also has both a Planning Board
and a Board of Adjustment. Supplementary enforcement provisions
in the ordinance includes ocean set -back lines and a prohibition
against the location of mobile homes within the Town. The.Zoning
Ordinance, as of the writing of this report is being amended but
no district changes are proposed. The Zoning Ordinance is the
major local tool for regulating development.
3. Subdivision Regulations:
A Subdivision Ordinance was adopted by the Town in 1975 and
has been used to regulate the general design of new residential
development. The design standards are currently broad, allowing
for considerable flexibility, but does address flood hazard pre-
vention measures in specific terms. Ocean Isle needs to evaluate
its Subdivision Ordinance --with particular attention focused on
the design and construction standards --for possible.revisions.
This evaluation is necessary in light of the continuing Igrowth
which is occuring both within the Town limits and within an area
of possible extra -territorial jurisdiction. The Subdivision
Ordinance, like the Zoning Ordinance, is enforced by the Building
Inspector.
4. Sedimentation and Erosion Control Ordinance:
Ocean Isle does have an ordinance which imposes certain stan-
dards upon new development in order to protect the Town from pro-
blems associated with soil erosion and sedimentation. This ordi-
nance,..however, does not address beach development erosion pro-
blems, which are reg"ulated by CAMA permits. The Building Inspec-
tor is the.designated enforcement officer.
13

5. Dune Protection Ordinance:
Ocean Isle has an ordinance which prohibits the use of any
vehicles, including off -road vehicles (dune buggies, in,particu
lar) on any beach strand. This applies in particular to the .
area's sand dunes. This ordinance is also enforced by the Build-
ing Inspector.
6. Septic Tank Regulation:
Currently, septic tanks provide the only waste water treat-
ment system for Ocean Isle Beach. Septic tank installation is
regulated by the Brunswick County Health Department. Each appli-
cation is followed up with a site evaluation by a County Sanitar-
ian, who determines suitability. If the lot or property is deter-
mined to be suitable for septic tank installation, a permit is
granted.
7. Flood Damage and Prevention Ordinance:
Ocean Isle adopted a Flood Damage and Prevention Ordinance
and began participation in the Federal Flood Insurance Program in
1974. The Flood Ordinance is enforced as part of the Town's
building permit program. The Building Inspector is the enforce-
ment officer.
g..Federal and State Regulations:
In addition to the local ordinances and County regulations
listed and described above, there are various State and Federal
regulations which could also affect land development in Ocean Isle.
Beach. A summary of these regulations is included in Tables 4
through 6, beginning on Page 15.
14

5x
` TABLE 4
STATE LICENSES AND PERMITS
Agency
Licenses and Permits
Department of Natural- Resources and Community -
Permits to discharge to surface
Development
waters or operate waste water
Division of Environmental Management
treatment plants or oil discharge
permits; NPDES Permits, (G.S. 143-
215)
- Permits for septic tanks with a "
capacity over 3000 gallons/day
(G.S.-143-215.3).
- Permits for withdrawal of surface
or ground waters in capacity use
areas (G.S. 143-215.15).
- Permits for air pollution abate-"
ment facilities and sources
(G.S."143-215.108).
- Permits for construction of com-
plex sources; e.g. parking lots,
subdivisions, stadiums, etc.
(G.S. 143-215.109).
- Permits for construction of a well
over 100,000 gallons/day (G.S. 87-
88).
Department of Natural Resources and
- Permits to dredge and/or fill in
Community Development
estuarine waters, tidelands, etc.
Office of Coastal Management
(G.S. 113-229).
- Permits to undertake development
in Areas of Environmental Concern
(G.S. 113A-118 ).
NOTE: Minor development permits
are issued by the local
government.
Department of Natural Resources and - Permits to alter or construct a
Community Development dam (G.S. 143-215.66).
Division of Earth Resources
- Permits to mine (G.S. 74-51).
Permits to drill an exploratory
oil or gas" well (G.S. 113-381).
- Permits to conduct geographical
exploration (G.S. 113-391).
15

Sedimentation -erosion control
plans for any land disturbing
activity of over'one contiguous
acre (G.S. 113A-54).
Department of Natural Resources and - Permits to construct an oil refinery.
Community Development
Secretary of NRCll
Department of Administration - Easements to fill where lands are `
proposed to be raised above the
normal high water mark of navigable
waters by filling (G.S. 146.6(c)).
Department of Human Resources
- Approval to operate a solid waste
disposal site or facility (G.S.130
166.16).
- Approval for construction of any
public water supply facility that
furnishes water to ten or more
residences (G.S. 130-160.1).
16

TABLE 5
FEDERAL LICENSES AND PERMITS
Agency Licenses and Permits
Army Corps of Engineers - Permits required under Sections 9
(Department of Defense) and 10 of the Rivers and Harbors
of 1899; permits to construct in
navigable waters.
- Permits required under Section 103
of the Marine Protection, Research
and Sanctuaries Act of 1972.
- Permits required under Section 404
of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act of 1972; permits to
undertake dredging and/or filling
activities.
Coast Guard
- Permits for bridges, causeways,
(Department of Transportation)
pipelines over navigable waters;
required under the General Bridge
Act of 1946 and the Rivers and
Harbors Act of 1899.
- Deep water port permits.
Geological.Survey
- Permits required for off -shore
Bureau of Land Management.
drilling.
(Department of Interior)
= Approvals of OCS pipeline --corridor
rights -of -way.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission - Licenses for siting, construction
and operation of nuclear power
plants; required under the Atomic
Energy.Act of 1954 and Title II of
the Energy Reorganization Act of
1974.
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Permits for construction, operation
and maintenance of interstate pipe-
lines facilities required under the.
Natural Gas Act .of 1938.
Orders of interconnection of elec-
tric transmission facilities under
Section 202(b) of the Federal Power
Act.
17

- Permission required for abandonment
of natural gas pipeline and asso-
ciated facilities under Section 7C
(b) of the Natural Gas Act of 1938.
- Licenses for non-federal hydro-
electric projects and associated
transmission lines under Sections
4 and 15 of the Federal Power.Act.
18

TABLE 6
FL:DUIZAL, STATP AND LOCAL CONTNOLS
FEDERAL _
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966-
The Archeological and Historic hreseMMi.r 11 Act of 1974, Public Law 93-291
Executive Order 11593, Protection and 1•:nliancomunt of the Cultural
Envizoiunent, 16 U.S.C. 4 70 (Supp. 1, 197! )
National Environmental. Policy' Act, Public Law 91-190, 42 U.S.C.
4321 Et. Seq. (1970)
Coirnnunity Development Act of 1974, Public Law 93-383: Environmental
Ruview Procedure:; for thli Community Development Block Grant Program
. (40 CF'R Part 50)
Procedures for the Protection of Historic and Cultural Properties
(36 CUR Part 800)
Comprehensive Planning Assistance Program (701) as Amended by Public
Law 93--393
The Department of Transportation Act of 1966, Public Law 89-670
Identification and Administration of. Cultural Resources: Procedures
of Individual Federal Agencies
STATE
G.S. 121-12(a) Protection of Properties in the National Register
State Environmental Policy Act-, Article 1 of Chapter 113A of the
General Statutes
Executive Order XVI
.Indian Antiquities, G.S. 70.1-4
Salvage of Abandoned Shipwrecks and Other Underwater Archeological
Sites: G.S. 121-22, 23; 143B-62(1) g, (3)
Archeological Salvage in Highway Construction, G.S. 136-42.1
Provisions for Cultural Resources; in Dredging and Filling
Operations, C.S. 113-229
19

C. CONSTRAINTS: LAND SUITABILITY:
As noted in the discussion of Existing Land Uses, (Page 7),
there is a considerable amount of undeveloped land in Ocean Isle
Beach which might.have future development potential. However, the
Town recognizes the importance of being aware of existing"physical
limitations to development. Physical limitations are important to
recognize, both from the standpoint of guiding land use decisions
and in protecting the health, safety and welfare of the general
public. Below is a discussion of the physical limitations to de-
velopment in Ocean Isle Beach.
1. Physical Limitations: There are no man-made hazards with-
in the current jurisdiction of the Town. However, a small air-
strip located northeast of the intersection of the N.C. 904 and
S.C. 1156, could in the future be included within the Town's
extra -territorial jurisdiction. The airstrip is small, being used
mostly for small, private planes, and poses no significant threat
to future development.
Natural hazard areas in Ocean Isle are the same as the AEC's
described and discussed under Ocean Hazard Areas, and include the
Ocean Erodible Area, Flood Hazard Area, Inlet Hazard Area, Ocean
Beaches, Frontal Dunes, and possibly, some.Primary Dunes. These
areas which are defined and described geographically in Part B, 4.
(e) (4), (pp. 9-11) of this section, do present physical limita-
tions to development in Ocean Isle Beach. Erosion is particularly
acute on the east end of the island, where several houses have had
to be removed because of severe erosion.
Ocean Isle contains several soil types which could present
problems both for building foundations and septic tank installa-
tion according to the general Brunswick County Soil Survey of the
Outer Banks prepared in 1977. These types are beach-foredune,
carteret-low, corolla fine sand, -and newhan soils, which occur in
various parts of the island. Tables 7 and 8, along with the
adapted soil map (Map 2, P. 23) provide more detail on these soil
associations. The majority of the soils in Ocean Isle are made
land and newhan, both of which are characterized by rare or.no
flooding and have rapid to very rapid permeability. Though gener-
ally, the soils in Ocean Isle Beach have limitations for both
structures and septic tank placement, there are substantial areas
within these classes which are suitable for development. (Compare
Map 2, page 23, to Map 3, page 26). Note also that an updated
Brunswick County Soil Survey is currently being prepared which in-
cludes Ocean Isle Beach. This survey, which is being prepared
jointly by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service, The•N.C. Department
of Natural Resources and Community Development, and Brunswick
County, should be complete and published in 1982. Preliminary re-
ports -indicate that some of the 1977 soil designations and ratings
may be changed due to more detailed maps and data. Ocean Isle
will consult with the Brunswick County Soil Conservation office to
obtain updated and detailed soil survey information, as it becomes
available.
20

TABLE 7 - ESTIMATED SOILS PROPERTIES SIGNIFICANT TO
ENGINEERING
MAP SYMBOL,
DEPTH TO SEASONAL
LAND TYPES
HIGH WATER TABLE
FLOODING
PERMEABILITY
#3 Beach -
Beach-0 to 3.0'
Frequent
Rapid 6.3"/hr
Foredune Asso- Foredunes 6.0'
Rare
ciation
#6 Carteret
soils, low
0 to 3.0'
Frequent
Rapid 6.3"/hr
(daily)
#7 Corolla
Rare to Common
Very rapid
fine sand
1.5 to'3.0'
Storm tides
20"/hr
#10.Dredge
Rare -Storm
Rapid 6.3"/hr.
Spoil
3.0'
•tides
#17 Madeland.
3.0'
Rare -storm
Rapid 6.3"/hr.
tides
#21 Newhan
6.0'
None
Very rapid
fine sand
20" /hr.
#22 Newhan-
(moderately well -drained to excessively 'drained soils, having
Corolla Complex low natural fertility
with fine and coarse sands).
SOURCE; Soil
Survey of the Outer Banks of North Carolina,,
Brunswick County, 1977

TABLE 8 - DEGREE AND KIND OF LIMITATION FOR STATED USE
MAP SYMBOL,
STREETS &
SEPTIC TANK
LAND TYPES
DWELLINGS
ROADS
FILTER FIELD
#3 Beach-
very severe-
very severe-
very severe-
Foredune
flooding
flooding
flooding
Association
#6 Carteret
very severe-
very severe-
very severe -
soils, low
flooding -wet
flooding -wet
flooding -wet
#7 Corolla
severe -wet
severe -wet
severe -wet
fine sand
'
#10 Dredge
severe
severe
severe
spoil
#17 Madeland
severe
severe
severe
#21 Newhan
slight
slight
slight.
fine sand
#22 Newhan-
(moderately well -drained to excessively
drained soils, having
Corolla Complex
low natural fertility with fine and coarse sands) .
SOURCE: Soil Survey of the Outer
Banks of North
Carolina,
Brunswick County, 1977
a
22

l
w
0
J 6 c^,
O
6 6
17 6
s ;n��� l 6
3.7 '
I I '22 21 S
n 6
21 17
3 21
DETAILED SOIL MAPS CAN BE FOUND
IN THE BRUNSWICK COUNTY FIELD OFFICE
U S D A SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE
BOLIVIA, - NORTH CARO'LINA
3 1--------
21
ADAPTED FROM
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SOIL SURVEY
OF THE OUTER BANKS, 1977

1
Soil limitation ratings in Tables 7 and 8, are indicated for
"dwellings", "streets and roads", and "septic tank filter
fields". A rating of slight means that soil properties are gener-
ally favorable for the stated use or that limitations are minor
and can be easily overcome. A rating oftmoderate means that some
soil properties are unfavorable but that limitations resulting
from the properties can be overcome or modified by special plan-
ning, good design, and careful management. A rating of severe
means that soil properties are unfavorable and that limitations
resulting from the properties are too difficult to correct or
overcome. Soils having this rating require major soil reclamation
or special design for stated uses. However, a_rating of severe is
not intended to imply that a soil cannot be used for the sp�ic
purpose listed in Table 8. This rating implies that significant
modifications may be required prior to the stated use.
The emphasis in rating soils for dwellings is on properties
that affect foundations. Also considered beyond the'effects re-
lated exclusively to foundations are slope, susceptibility to
flooding, seasonal high water table, and other hydrologic condi-
tions. It is important to note that on -site investigations on a
case by case basis, are needed for interpretations relevant to de-
tailed design of foundations and to specific placement of build-
ings and utility lines.
Criteria for rating soils for use as filter fields for sep-
tic tanks are properties that limit the absorption or treatment of
effluent. The properties are slope, susceptibility to flooding,
presence of a seasonal high water table, and permeability of the
subsoil and underlying material. Past performance of existing
filter fields is also important in determining the suitability of
a site for the installation and design of a ground absorption sew-
age disposal system.
Soil types which limit, septic tank installation are of parti-
cular importance to Ocean Isle Beach since septic systems are cur-
rently the only source of waste water disposal for the Town. In
addition to the general soil limitations noted above, the Bruns-
wick County Health Department has pointed out four .particular
areas on the island which have septic tank limitations. These
areas were delineated by a Brunswick County Sanitarian and are ap-
proximately located on Map 3, P.26, and described below:
Area one consists of filled material, primarily sandy, with
some broken shell or mucky material intermixed. Some of the lots
in this area have required additional fill,, when developed, to
enable the septic system to be installed the required distance
from the seasonal subsurface water table.
24

Area two consists primarily of dredge -spoil material. The
soils seem to be sandier toward the ocean, with more broken shell
fragments and mucky material being found closer to the waterway.
Some of the older septic systems have malfunctioned in this area,
due possibly to inadequate design size or increased water flow
during the summer season., Most new lots developed in this area
since July 1977, have required fill over the poor soil; removal
and replacement of poor soil with suitable material; and in some
cases, limitations on size of dwelling and number of bedrooms.
Area three has generally suitable soil conditions; however,
tidal erosion of the lot may prevent septic systems from being
installed because of insufficient area to meet minimum horizontal
distance requirements between septic systems and coastal waters.
Area four is also primarily dredge spoil material. The clos-
er the lots are to the waterway, the greater amount of ,broken
shells intermixed in the soil.Systems installed in this area
since July 1977, have had slightly oversized design, depending
upon the amount of shell material present.
The County Sanitarian pointed out that septic tank failure
notices were not kept accurately prior to July 1977. There have
been few failure notices issued since that time. However, this
is possibly due to the seasonal use of many of the dwellings at
ocean Isle Beach; better preparation of the lots prior to install-
ing the systems and larger design of drainfields, according to the
Sanitarian.
25

MAP 3
OCEAN ISLE BEACH
N
N

2. Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway Easement: U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers: During the 1930 s the Corps of Engineers was grant-
ed an easement along the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (AIWW).of
up to 1,000 feet inland from the waterway for maintenance pur
poses.. By right of this easement, the Corps claimed access rights
to the land for the placement of dredged and fill material upon
• it, as well as the option to cut away and remove the land. How-
ever, the existence of the easement was unknown to many property
owners and land within the easement was subsequently platted into
lots and houses developed upon it. The Corps still claimed it had
right of access to use land for maintaining the waterway. Land
used for the dumping of spoil would definitely pose a physical
limitation to future development. However, since most of the land
area.of the original easement in Ocean Isle Beach has been either
platted and/or developed, the Corps of Engineers has agreed to re-
Yinquish its right of access to the property. Instead, the Corps
and Ocean Isle Beach has reached an agreement whereas the Town
will provide some other land area for the Corps to use as a spoil
area. This land, which at the writing of this report had not been
surveyed, will also pose a minor limitation for future develop-
ment.
3. Horizontal Wellfields: As stated previously, Ocean Isle's
current water service is based on a system of 13 wells, which tap
a groundwater supply. Ten of these wells are horizontal.wells on
the island. These wells must be recharged in equilibrium to ex-
traction, or a situation similar to the one which occurred in the
summer of 1980, could occur again (See Page 8). Currently, the
wellfields take up significant amounts of land, since the wells
are all of the horizontal type. In these wells, per hori-
zontal pipes extend one hundred feet or more beneath the surface
of an open field or vacant lot. As long as the wells are used, no
development can take place on the land above them, making these
lots undevelopable.
As the growth trends continue and pressures for development
increase, reliance upon the use of these horizontal wells as
Ocean Isle's only water source is, in itself, a limitation to de-
velopment.
4. Slopes: The only area where the slope may exceed 12 per-
cent are some of the frontal dunes, which are also ocean hazard
areas and are protected by CAMA.
5. Fragile Areas: These are areas which could easily be dam-
aged or destroyed by inappropriate or poorly ,planned development.
In Ocean Isle Beach, the fragile areas coincide with the Areas of
Environmental Concern. These areas are described in Part B, 4.(e)
of this section and are summarized below:
-- Coastal Wetlands: The marsh areas adjacent to the Intra-
coastal Waterway and Old Sound Creek, and some of the land around
the finger canals are considered Coastal Wetlands.
27

Estuarine Waters; This includes the Intracoastal Waterway;
Tubb's Inlet on ItTie west end of the island; Shallotte Inlet on the
east end; and the finger canals located near the center of the
island.
-- Public Trust Areas: The two inlets on either end of the
island, ,t a IntracoasEal Waterway, ocean beaches, and the ocean
adjacent to the beaches are the Public Trust Areas of Ocean Isle
Beach.
-- Estuarine Shorelines: This applies to the shorelines and
75 feet inward from the Estuarine Waters noted above.
-- Ocean Beaches: The beach along the Atlantic Ocean, which
extends along the entirety of the island's southern border, from
the first line of vegetation or significant change in slope to-
ward the ocean.
Ocean Isle Beach does not contain any of the following fra-
gile areas: Complex natural areas; areas that sustain remnant
species; areas containing unique geologic formations; registered
natural land marks; wooded swamps, prime wildlife habitats; scenic
or prominent high points, or archaeologic or historic sites.
6. Areas with Resource Potential: There are no productive
or unique agricultural lands within Ocean Isle Beach. The island
also does not contain any potentially valuable mineral sites; pub-
licly owned forests, -parks, fish and g amelands; or other non -in-'
tensive outdoor recreation lands, or privately -owned wildlife san-
ctuaries. However the estuaries around Ocean Isle are considered
to be important breeding areas for both finfish and shellfish.
The Old Sound Creek area (also known as Eastern Channel) has been
included in the N. C. Division of Marine Fisheries' Oyster Manage-
ment Program since the late 19601s. In addition to being an im-
portant nursery and hatchery area, This area also serves as a
"bottom area" for the harvesting of clams and oysters from the mud
bottoms. The Old Sound Creek area is a resource area that needs
to be protected.
D. CONSTRAINTS: CAPACITY OF COMMUNITY FACILITIES:
1. Existing Water Service Areas:
The current water service area for Ocean Isle Beach's munici-
pal system includes the entire corporate limits of the Town and,a
small area outside of the Town limits. The Town limits include
the entire island, bounded on the south by the Atlantic. Ocean and
to the north, on both sides of N. C. 904, by the Intracoastal
Waterway.. However, the corporate limits extends outward 200 feet
from the centerline on either side of N. C. 904 as it crosses the
waterway, northward to the intersection of N. C. 904 and State
Road 1156. The businesses and residences along N. C. 904 are also
served by the water system. Additionally, 27 residences and busi-
nesses located on the east and west sides of N. C. 904, which are
28

outside of the Town limits, are also, served by the water system.
The total number of customers served by the system totals 800, of
which an estimated 90 users utilize water all year-round.
When all 13 wells are complete and functional, the Town ex-
pects to have a total pumping capacity of 986,400 gallons per day
(GPD). The design capacity, according to guidelines established
by the N. C. Department of Human Resources, would be one-half of
the total pumping capacity. Design capacity, however, when com-
pared to levels of demand, gives an indication of need for addi-
tional water sources. Since Ocean Isle is a seasonal tourist cen-
ter, water demand levels fluctuate from a low usage level for the
small year-round population to peak usage levels during the summer
influx of vacationers and tourists. The N. C. DNRCD, Division of
Environmental Management projected the water demand for the popu-
lation extremes which occur at Ocean Isle Beach. A brief analysis
of that information as indicated in Table 9, below shows the total
capacity and design capacity, compared with peak demands, in order
to depict what the long range water needs are for Ocean Isle.
TABLE 9: Water Use and Capacity: Ocean Isle_Beach
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G)
*Excess *Excess
No. Res- * Total *Design * Peak *Per Capita Total Design
idents Capacity Capacity Demand Consumption Capacity Capacity
** 200 986,400 493,200 13,000 65 973,400. 480,200
***7,000 986,400 493,200 432,000 61 554,400 61,200
Source N.C. DNRCD-DEM, Wilmington R.O./ Talbert, Cox & Associates,
Inc.
* measured in gallons per day (GPD)
In terms of total pumping capacity, Ocean Isle's water sy-
stem is adequate to handle a significant amount of population
growth --both in terms of seasonal increases and in permanent resi-
dents. This is indicated in Column F, Table 9. If the average
daily per capita consumption were 70 gallons per day, (See Column.
E, Table 9), then Ocean Isle's water system could sustain a peak
population of 14,091 persons at its current total capacity of
986,400 GPD. However, when design capacity is considered, as Co-
lumn G, Table 9 indicates, the long-term population peak that
could be sustained by the Town's water system would be around
71'000 persons. Thus, although the total water pumping capacity is
more than adequate, an examination of the design capacity is an-
other indication that additional water sources may need to be de-
veloped. Ocean Isle Beach is aware of this problem and the Town
has acquired three additional well sites on the mainland. When
these new wells are developed the Town's water capacity should be
adequate for the projected seasonal and permanent populations
throughout the planning period.
** Year -around
*** seasonal
29

2. Sewer Service Area:
There is no central sewage collection and disposal system on
Ocean Isle Beach. Waste water disposal is handled solely through
the use of septic tanks. Soil types in several locations on the
island have been pointed out as "septic tank problem areas" by the
Brunswick County Health Department. (See Map 3, Page 26). These
areas, which were discussed in Part C. (1) of this section, are
constraints to future intensive development. Additionally, if
septic systems continue to be the sole waste water disposal alter-
native, and intensive development occurs, so will the risk of
groundwater and estuarine water contamination. -
3. 'Schools:
The few school age children who reside in the Town attend the
three schools in Shallotte, which is six miles away. Two of the
three schools, West Brunswick High School and Union Primary are
currently operating near capacity levels. Shallotte Middle School
does, however, have some excess capacity. If the number of child-
ren in grades K-3, and 9-12, increase significantly in Ocean Isle
Beach, then an expansion of school facilities in Shallotte may be
needed. This is indicated by Table 10, below:
TABLE 10: Enrollment Levels and School Capacity: Shallotte, N.C.
1980-81
Design
Percent
School
Enrollment
Capacity
Utilization
W. Brunswick High (9-12)
989
1,000
98.9
Shallotte Middle (4-8)
941
1,200
78.4
Union Primary (K-3)
735
750
98.0
Source: Brunswick County Board.of Education
4. Transportation:
The major traffic arteries in Ocean Isle Beach are N. C.
904, which is the main access road to and from the mainland, and
S.R. 1144 (First Street). The other streets in the Town are
neighborhood streets. Both N. C. 904, and S.R. 1144 are paved and
are maintained by the State Department of Transportation. The
design capacities of these roads are currently estimated to be ad-
equate to handle present traffic volumes. The N. C. Department of
Transportation could not provide detailed information on the de-
sign capacities of these roads. The single -lane bridge on N. C.
904, which currently spans the Intracoastal Waterway is scheduled
to be replaced. The replacement bridge is expected to be complet-
ed sometime in 1982. The new bridge will be located about 100
feet west of the existing structure and will require the reloca-
tion of two residences and two businesses. The new bridge will be
two -lanes instead of one, and will substantially increase the de-
sign capacity of N.C. 904, providing better access to and from
Ocean Isle Beach. Average Daily Traffic Counts (ADT) for N.C. 904
30

at its intersection with the waterway have been estimated by the
State Department of Transportation and are provided below:
TABLE 11. Traffic Counts and Projections: N.C. 904
Year ADT
1979 2,430
1985 2,500
2005 5,000
Source: N. C. DOT, Raleigh, N. C.
Traffic counts are, projected to increase slowly up to 1985.
During the following 20 years, however, traffic counts are pro-
jected by the DOT to double in volume.
To summarize the discussion of Constraints, it should be
pointed out that it is difficult to separate the major inhibitors
of future development in Ocean Isle Beach into categories of
"land suitability" and "celpacity of facilities". Because of the
physiography of the island, the two areas of constraint are close-
ly connected. Major Facility constraints such as water and sewer,
for example,are intimately tied to the land suitability. All of
the constraints, however, do forma basis for discussion of issues
leading to the formulation of policy alternatives.
E. ESTIMATED DEMAND:.
1. Population and Economy:
The impact of population increases and.the need for land and
community services in Ocean Isle Beach must be examined from two
perspectives. First, the impact of increases in the number of
permanent, year-round residents.must be considered. Second in
consideration but of equal.importance, the growth in the seasonal
population. Projections and an examination of the impacts of
both populations are included, below:
a. Permanent Population: Projections to 1990:
Since Ocean Isle Beach has a population of less than 2,500
the N. C. Department of Administration does not have 10 year pro-
jections for the Town. The population estimates for 1990 were de-
rived by averaging the differences between two methodologies. The
first method was to take the 1970 to 1980 growth rate and assume
that it would be constant for the next decade. Ocean Isle's popu-
lation in 1980 had grown to 180 from 78 in 1970. An increase of
130.8 percent. If this rate is constant, then the 1990 population
will show a numerical increase of 235 for a total of 415 persons.
The second method was to take Ocean Isle's percent of the Bruns-
wick County population for 1980 (.509), and assume that the Town
would have the same percentage in 1990. The population projection
31

for Brunswick County was obtained from the State Department of Ad-
ministration and was projected to be 58,100. When Ocean Isle's
1980 percentage factor of .509 is multiplied by 58,100, the Town's
estimated population would be 296 by 1990. The average of the two
figures is 356. Thus, the 1990 estimate for year-round residents
in Ocean Isle Beach.is 356, which represents a 10 year increase of
98 percent.
When the total developable acreage is considered the 1990 po-
pulation will double the density level .from 111 persons to 221
persons per acre.
The increase in the number of year-round residents will in-
crease the demand for basic services. The current water system
has adequate capacity to handle such an increase (See Table 9,
Page 29). The installation of septic tanks to handle the increas-
ed effluent demands under current conditions could result in seri-
ous problems particularly -near the center of the -island (See Map
3, Page 26). However, if Ocean Isle Beach can obtain funding now
being sought -for the development of a central collection and d is-
posal system, potential problems caused by soil limitations will
be eliminated. As noted earlier, funding decisions for the pro-
posed sewer system are being delayed because of the generic study
of barrier islands by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Ocean Isle's current police force may have to increase
slightly in order to provide adequate police protection. The Vol-
unteer Fire Department will probably be adequate for some years to
come. The tax base of the Town will increase through the expan-
sion -of developed property. More commercial services will remain
open year-round to serve the expanded population, and thereby
yield an increase in retail sales in the off-season and boost the
local economy.
It should be noted that there are many factors which could
alter the projections made above, and that the estimated impacts
should be viewed cautiously. For example, the development of new
industries -on the mainland may encourage newly employed personnel
to seek permanent residence in Ocean Isle Beach thus expanding its
population faster. On the other hand, sustained high interest
rates, rising land costs, and other pressures on development could
possibly slow down the projected growth rates.
b. Seasonal Population:
In 1970, according to local realtors and motel operators,
the seasonal population averaged 3,000 persons in Ocean Isle
Beach. In 1980, the seasonal population averaged around 6,000
persons --an increase of 100 percent. This trend is expected to
continue. Thus,' byl 1990, Ocean Isle Beach can expect the seasonal
population to average around 12,000 people. This influx would
have a tremendous impact upon the demand for water, sewage dispos-
al, police protection, solid waste disposal, and transportation
access. Also, because many tourists are "day visitors", i.e.,
32

residents of relatively nearby mainland communities, a greatly in-
creased demand for public parking will also result. Presently,
the only public parking is provided at the Ocean Isle Fishing
Pier. With the continuing development of single-family homes and
cottages, and condominium$, a major portion of the 12,000 visitors
in 1990 may spend most of the summer at Ocean Isle Beach. The
current water capacity would be inadequate to handle.such an in-
flux without centralized sewage collection and disposal, such pro-
jected growth will simply not be feasible in Ocean Isle Beach.
Although the community of Ocean Isle Beach currently is and likely
will remain, an attractive residential and tourist area, the limi-.
tations posed by inadequate water supplies and inadequate waste
water disposal are the most serious obstacles to future develop-
ment.
2. Future Land Need:
The developable acreage in Ocean Isle Beach, as noted in
Table 3, Page 7, is approximately 1,030 acres. The current year
round population density is 0.17 persons per acre. The 1980 sea-
sonal peak of 6,000 pushed the density up to 5.83 persons per
acre. The 1990 population projections, both for permanent and
seasonal residents, will nearly double the current density levels.
At a 1990 year-round population of 356, the density would be 0.35
persons per acre. The 1990 seasonal peak of 12,OOO persons would
produce a density of 11.6 persons per acre. None of these levels
are considered to be unacceptable, particularly with the provision
of centralized water and sewer services. Also, as Table 3 pointed
out, 'currently only 18.6 percent of the total developable land is
developed.
The Table below shows the projected land need by use categor-
ies for 1990. This projection is based on the relationship be-
tween the total developed acreage, in 1980, to the.peak seasonal
population of 1980 (6,000 people). This projection is quite con-
jectural, since there is not likely to be a straight line rela-
tionship between the population and various uses. For example,
the current commercial.and transportation acreage could perhaps
sustain a much higher density than the current seasonal population
peak. Nevertheless, the project}on of future land needs can be a
useful tool. The 1990 seasonal peak is projected to be.12,000,
exactly double the 1980 figures. Thus, when the projected in-
crease of 6,000 is multiplied times the:current ratios, the acre-
age will also double.
TABLE 12: Projected 1990
Land Need
Based on
Seasonal
Populations:
,.
1980
199
1980
Density
Acres
1990
Acres
Factor
Needed
Acreage
- Single family
105
.0175
105
210
- Multi -family
25
.0042
25
50
- Public/Semi-Public
5
.00083
5
10
- Commercial
9
.0015
9
18
- Office and Institutional
2
.00033
2
4
- Transportation
45
.0075.
45
90
TOTAL
191
191
382
33

Source: Projections by Talbert, Cox & Associates, Inc., 1981
If the ratio between developed acreage and population remains
constant, then by 1990, only 37.2 percent of the island's develop-
able land will be developed. Ocean Isle, therefore, appears to
have adequate land resources to meet projected land needs.
3. Community Facilities Need:
As the discussion in the preceding section (Future Land Need)
indicated, the seasonal peak population by 1990, will add substan-
tially to Ocean Isle's population density. A projected density of
11.6 persons per acre will make it all but mandatory that some
type of central sewage collection and disposal system be install-
ed. The major community facilities need, therefore, will be the
installation of a sanitary and environmentally sound waste collec-
tion and disposal system.
The N. C. Department of Transportation is expected to replace
the N. C. 904 bridge, which will adequately handle projected traf-
fic volume increases. The implementation of a Thoroughfare Plan,
which was adopted by the Town in June, 1981, should also facili-
tate traffic flows in the Town. This is important during peak.
vacation periods.
34

II. POLICY STATEMENTS:
The formulation of policy statements, which will be used as
guides for implementing growth management objectives, is perhaps
the most important part of this land use plan. According to NCAC
7.B.0203, Ocean Isle Beach must set,forth statements of local
policy on at least four specific land use issues which will affect
the Town during the 10-year planning period. The specific issues
which must be addressed include resource protection, resource
production and management, economic and community development, and
continuing public participation.
In addition to the four required issue areas, the Coastal
Resources Commission assigned two other "special" issues to Ocean
Isle Beach which also must be addressed in the Policy Statements
Section of this plan. These two issues are: ocean front erosion/
inlet stabilization, and Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway easements.
The policy statements included in this section were developed from
citizen input (gathered from a series of questionnaires), meetings
with the Town's Planning Board and discussions with local elected
officials.
A. RESOURCE PROTECTION:
Ocean Isle Beach's major concern in the area of resource pro-
tection deals with the management of development in environmental-
ly sensitive areas. State and locally issued development permits
are already required before any -development activity can take
place in the identified areas of environmental concern. The gen-
eral use standards for these areas are included in 15 NCAC 7-H and
are controlled through the CAMA permit process. In Ocean Isle
Beach these Areas of Environmental Concern encompass Coastal Wet-
lands, Estuarine Waters, Estuarine Shorelines, Public Trust Areas,
and the Ocean Hazard Areas, which include the Ocean Erodible Area,
High Hazard Flood Area, Inlet Hazard Area, and sand dunes.
Coastal wetlands are those regularly flooded marsh areas which of-
ten contain specific marsh plant species. Estuarine Waters and
shorelines are those waters and adjacent shore areas,subject to
tide and saltwater intrusion and are important as nurseries for
many marine life species. The Public Trust Waters involve all
navigable waters in and around Ocean Isle Beach. Ocean Hazard
Areas are considered natural hazard areas along the Atlantic Ocean
shorelines, where, because of special vulnerability to erosion or
other adverse effects of sand, wind, and water, unregulated devel-
opment could unnecessarily endanger life or property. These AECs
are further defined along with geographic descriptions, in the
following discussion.
1 Estuarine System:
In determining appropriate land uses within the AECs those in
the Estuarine System, i.e., Coastal Wetlands, Estuarine Waters and
Public Trust Areas, will be considered as one general grouping,
since they are closely interrelated. Estuarine Shorelines are
35

also a vital•,component of the Estuarine System, but will be
addressed separately.
a. Coastal Wetlands, which are defined as any salt marsh or
other marsh subject to regular or occasional flooding by tides,-
including wind tides (whether or not the tide waters reach the
marshland areas through natural or' artificial water sources),
provided this shall not include hurricane or tropical storm tides.
Coastal Wetlands also contain certain marsh plant species. In
Ocean Isle Coastal Wetlands occur generally in the northern
portions.of the island which are adjacent to the Intracoastal
Waterway. The most substantial amount of wetlands is located in
the northwest sector of the island between the Intracoastal
Waterway and Old Sound Creek. Also included are the marshlands
adjacent to the Intracoastal Waterway, and the land adjacent to
the finger canals leading to the waterway. These areas are
important because the marsh maintains the high productivity of
fish and shellfish and the complex food chains which are typically
found in the estuaries:
b. Estuarine Waters are'defined as "all the water of the
Atlantic Ocean within the boundary of North Carolina and all the
water of the bays, sounds, rivers, and tributaries thereto seaward
to the dividing line between coastal fishing waters and inland
fishing waters" (N.C.G.S. 113A-113(b) (2). The Estuarine Waters
are very important for a number of reasons, mainly because they
serve as the birth place and nursery areas of many species of fish
and shellfish. Estuarine Waters support the valuable commercial
and sports fishing of the coastal area which -are comprised of
estuarine -dependent species such as menhaden, flounder, shrimp,
crabs, and oysters. These species must spend all or some part of
their life cycle within the Estuarine.Waters in order to mature
and reproduce. The Estuarine Waters within Ocean Isle Beach's
jurisdiction include the Intracoastal Waterway, the major inlets
on either end of the island, (Shallotte Inlet on the,east end, and
Tubb's Inlet on the west end), and the finger canals located near
the island's center. -
c. Public Trust Areas, which are partially defined as all
waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands thereunder from the
mean high water mark to the seaward limit of state jurisdiction;
all natural bodies of water subject to measurable lunar tides and
lands there under to the mean high mark; all navigable natural
bodies of water and lands thereunder to the mean high water level
or mean water level, as the case may be. In other words, Public
Trust Areas are waters and adjacent lands, the use of which,
benefits and belongs to the public. Public Trust Areas are used
for both commercial and recreational purposes. In Ocean Isle
Beach the Intracoastal Waterway, Tubbs Inlet, Shallotte Inlet,
Ocean Beaches, and the Atlantic Ocean adjacent to the beaches are
all Public. Trust AECs. These areas support recreational uses such
as swimming, boating, water skiing and sportsfishing and
commercial fishing.
36

Ocean Isle Beach's overall policy and management objective
for the Fstuar;ine System is "to give the highest priority to the
protection and coordinated management of these areas, so as to
safeguard and perpetuate their biological, social, economic, and
aesthetic values and to ensure that development occurring within
these AECs is compatible with natural characteristics so as to
minimize the likelihood of significant loss of private property
and public resources." (15 NCAC 7H.0203) In accordance with this
objective, Ocean Isle Beach has considered various policy alterna-
tives concerning development within the Estuarine System. Some of
these alternatives include: continued support of federal, State
and local regulatory controls; review of existing local regula-
tions for consistency with the management objective, and revise
them where necessary, and; possibly developing additional building
restrictions in environmentally sensitive areas. Actual policy
choices for managing development within the Estuarine System,
are:
(1) Ocean Isle Beach will continue to encourage protection of
the natural resources within the Estuarine System by supporting
the enforcement of federal and State regulatory controls. Also,
as it has done in the past, the Town will continue to enforce its
own•local controls on building and development The local con-
trols include the subdivision, zoning, leveling, dune protection,
and flood damage and prevention ordinances.
(2)*The Town will continually review its ordinances for con-
sistency with CAMA's and it's own management objective, and revise
them where needed.'. It is the belief of the Town, however, that
the current CAMA permit process and the State regulations regard-
ing the placement of septic tanks, combined with the local ordi-
nances listed in (1) above, provide adequate management tools for
achieving the stated objectives.
For the AECs within the Estuarine System,. highest priority
will.be given to land uses which are water -dependent. Appropriate
water -dependent uses include:
(a) Navigational Channels
(b) Hydraulic Dredging
(c) Drainage Ditches
.(d) Non-agricultural Drainage
(e) Marinas
.(f) Docks and Piers
(g) Bulkheads and other Shore Stabilization Measures
Ocean Isle Beach believes that these uses will promote the
conservation and protection of the Estuarine System. Second prio-
rity will be given to uses which require water access. A third
priority will be given to uses which are not necessarily water -de-
pendent or require water access, but are supportive of these uses
and can demonstrate that no major or irreversible damage will re-
sult to the AEC. All approved uses will be required to comply
37

I
with the Use Standards of the North Carolina Administrative Code
(15 NCAC 7H), and the local ordinances of Ocean Isle Beach.
2. Estuarine Shorelines are defined as non-oceanshorelines
which are especially vulnerable to erosion, flooding, or other ad-
verse effects of wind and water and are intimately connected to
the estuary. This area extends from the mean high water level or
normal water level along the estuaries, sounds, bays, and brackish
waters for a distance of 75 feet inland. These areas are signifi-
cant because development within the shorelines can influence the
quality of estuarine life and is subject to the damaging process `
of shorefront erosion and flooding.
Ocean Isle recognizes the importance of managing development
within the Estuarine Shoreline because actions in this area could
substantially affect the quality of the Estuarine Waters. As
noted in Section I, Part B, 4,(e), Page 9, this area includes
lands adjacent (on both sides) of the Intracoastal Waterway,
Eastern Channel (or Old Sound Creek), and the canals near the
island's center which connect to the waterway.
Estuarine Shorelines encompass a substantial amount of land
area within Ocean Isle Beach. Therefore, it would be impractical
to restrict development from this entire area.
In order to promote the quality of the Estuarine Waters as
well as minimize the likelihood of property loss due to erosion or
flooding, Ocean Isle Beach will permit only those uses which are
compatible with both the dynamic nature of the Estuarine Shore-
lines and the values of the Estuarine System. Residential, recre-
ational, and commercial uses may be permitted within the Estuarine
Shoreline, provided that:
a. a substantial chance of pollution occurring from the
development does not exist;
b. natural barriers to erosion are preserved and not sub-
stantially weakened or eliminated;,
C. the construction of impervious surfaces and areas not al-
lowing natural drainage is limited to only that necessary
for developments;
d. standards of the'North Carolina Sedimentation Pollution
Control Act 1973 are met;
e. development does not have a significant adverse impact on
estuarine resources;
f. development does not significantly interfere with exist-
ing public rights or access to, or use of, navigable
waters or public resources;
3. Ocean Hazards AECs:
Areas of Environmental Concern within the Ocean Hazard Areas
Category are those areas considered to be natural hazard areas
along the Atlantic Ocean shoreline where, because of their special
vulnerability to erosion or adverse effects of sand, wind and
38

water, uncontrolled or incompatible development could unreasonably
endanger life or property. Ocean hazard areas include beaches,
frontal dunes, inlet lands, and other areas in which geologic, ve-
getative and soil conditions indicate a substantial possibility of'
excessive erosion or flood damage. The Ocean Hazard Areas are de-
scribed below:
a. Ocean Erodible Area: This is the area of which there
exists a substantial possibility of excessive erosion and signifi-
cant shoreline fluctuation. The seaward boundary of this area is
the mean low waterline. The landward extent of this area is de-
termined as follows:
(1) a distance landward from the first line of stable natural
vegetation to the recession line that would be establish-
ed by multiplying the long-term annual erosion rate, as
most recently determined by the Coastal Resources Commis-
sion, times 30, provided that where there has been no'
long-term erosion or the rate is less than two feet per
year, this distance shall be set at 60 feet landward from
the first line of stable natural vegetation; and
(2) a distance landward from the established recession line
to the recession line that would be generated by a storm
having a one percent chance or being equalled or exceeded
in any given year.
The Ocean Erodible Area for Ocean Isle Beach extends 60 feet
inland from the first line of vegetation. This area is also the
building setback line in Ocean Isle. The rate of erosion in Ocean
Isle has been estimated to be around two feet per year, making it
one of the lowest erosion rates along the state's coast.
b. High Hazard Flood Area: This is the area subject to high
velocity waters (including, but not limited to, hurricane wave
wash) in a storm having a one percent chance of being equalled or
exceeded in any given year, ,as identified as done VI-30 on the
flood insurance rate maps of the Federal Insurance Administration,
:U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The 1.00-year
base flood elevation level for Ocean Isle Beach is 14.feet above
mean sea level. The area with the greatest flood hazard potential
extends generally along the ocean beach where the elevation is as
low as 7 feet above mean sea level. In other areas, the elevation
is as high as 13.5 feet above mean sea level. The Town does par-
ticipate in the Federal Flood Insurance Program.
c. Inlet Hazard Area:. The.Inlet Hazard Areas are those
lands identified by the State geologist to have a substantial pos-
sibility of excessive.erosion that are located adjacent to inlets..
This area shall extend landward from the mean low waterline.a dis-
tance sufficient to encompass that area within which the inlet
will, based.on statistical analysis, migrate, and shall consider
such factors as previous inlet territory structurally weak areas
near the inlet (such as an unusually narrow barrier island, an un-
39

usually long channel feeding the inlet, or an overwash area), and
external influences such as jetties and channelization.
Ocean Isle Beach has two Inlet Hazard areas,.located near the
eastern and western ends of the island. The largest Inlet Hazard
area is located on the eastern end of the island on land adjacent
to the Atlantic Ocean and Shallotte Inlet. The other Inlet Hazard
area is located on the western tip of the Island, adjacent to the
Atlantic Ocean and Tubbs Inlet.
In addition to the Ocean Erodible, Flood Hazard, and Inlet
Hazard areas, significant land forms such as'ocean beaches and
primary and frontal dunes are _also considered to be ocean hazards.
Ocean beaches, which consist of the land area between the mean low
waterline and the first line of vegetation, or where a significant.
change in elevation or slope alters the configuration of the land
form, whichever is farther landward, occur all along Ocean Isle's
southern border. There are some frontal dunes within the Town's
jurisdiction and possibly primary dunes. However, because of
height definitions, primary dunes would have to be determined on a
case by case basis.
4. Ocean Hazard Policies:
As in many similar beach communities, these Ocean Hazard AECs
occur within substantial amounts of otherwise developable land.
It would not be practical or necessary in all cases to restrict
development from these areas. For AECs in the Ocean Hazards cate-
gory, Ocean Isle Beach's general policy and management objective
is to establish and implement standards that serve to eliminate
unreasonable danger to life and property and achieve a balance
between the financial, safety, and social factors that are in-
volved in hazard area development.
Policy alternatives for managing development in the Ocean
Hazards•Areas which were considered include: amending or adopting
local ordinances to reflect possible additional restrictions to be
adopted at the State and federal levels, (imposing density con-
trols in Inlet Hazard areas) for example, and continuing support
of existing State and federal controls along with enforcement of
the Town's local ordinances. Local ordinances cover zoning, sub-
division, dune leveling, and flood damage and prevention.
In recognition of the critical nature of Ocean Hazard Areas,
due to their special vulnerability to erosion and dynamic process-
es and their possible danger to life and property, the Town sup-
ports the State Policies for Ocean Hazard Areas in Subchapter 7H
of the State CAMA Regulations.
Suitable land uses in Ocean Hazard Areas generally are those
which eliminate unreasonable danger to life and property and which
achieve a balance between the financial, safety, and social fac-
tors involved in hazard area development. Ocean shoreline erosion
control activities -and dune establishment/stabilization are ac
40

ceptable types of land uses. Residential, commercial, and recrea-
tional land uses are permissible in Ocean Hazard Areas provided
that:
a. Development is set back a minimum of 30 times the average
annual erosion rate from the frontal dune or first line
of vegetation. The current erosion set back line is 60
feet in Ocean Isle Beach.
b. Development does not involve the significant removal or
relocation of frontal dune sand or vegetation thereon.
c. Development is consistent with minimum lot size and set
back requirements established by the Ocean Isle Beach
subdivision and zoning ordinances.
d. Development implements means and methods to mitigate or
minimize adverse impacts of the project.
e. Development of growth -inducing public facilities such as
sewers, waterlines, roads, bridges, and erosion control
measures is constructed only in cases where either:
1. National or State interests and public benefits are
clearly overriding factors,
2. facilities. would not exacerbate existing hazards or
damage natural buffers",
3. facilities would be reasonably safe from flood and
erosion relatgd damage,
f. Ocean Isle Beach, recognizing that erosion along the
beaches has caused many problems, supports beach renour
ishment projects that would allow approved suitable
spoils to be -taken from Intracoastal Waterway dredging to
be placed on designated areas on the island.
g. The Town, though aware that inlet migration is a natural
ongoing process, supports stabilization of Inlet Hazard
Areas near the Atlantic Ocean. This area is also subject
to the minimum building set back line for Ocean Isle
Beach. It is the policy of Ocean Isle Beach to not per-
mit developments within the 30-year.set'back line, (See
part a., above).
41
r

5. Natural and Cultural Resources:
As noted in Part C, 5 Page 28 of Section I, Ocean Isle Beach
does not contain any of the following fragile areas: Complex na-
tural areas; areas that sustain remnant species; areas containing
unique geologic formations'; registered natural land marks; wooded
swamps, prime wildlife habitats; or scenic or prominent high
points. Although Ocean Isle Beach has not been systematically
surveyed for its archeological significance, the N. C. Division of
Archives and History has recorded one prehistoric site, located on
N. C. 904. It is the belief of Ocean Isle Beach that prior to
development in areas with potential cultural resource value, that
the area be investigated to determine its significance.
6. Physical Constraints to Development:
The physical constraints to development in Ocean Isle Beach
were noted in Part C, Pages 21 through 28, of this plan. The phy-
sical limitations included a small airport, which is owned by the
Town. Other limitations noted were; soil types, which were de-
scribed by the Brunswick County Soil Surveys as having limitations
for certain structures and septic tank suitability; horizontal
well fields ow the island; and fragile areas, that coincide with
the Town's AECs and which were included in the preceding policy
discussion. The only major limitation in terms of -community fa-
cilities is the lack of a central sewer system. Ocean Isle Beach,
as stated previously, was developed primarily -as a quiet, relax-
ing, family -oriented beach. This appeal attracts thousands of
visitors each year. It is vital, therefore, to the Town that this
appeal continues to be maintained at the highest level of quali-
ty.
Possible policy alternatives regarding managing growth in
areas with identified constraints include: amending local ordi-
nances to restrict development in these areas; restricting devel-
opment from certain areas until a central sewage,collection and
disposal system can be developed and; permitting development in
areas of constraints when adequate and approved protective mea-
sures are taken. Within the overall objectives of maintaining
quality in development, and taking steps to assure the health,
safety and protection of the public, Ocean Isle Beach sets forth
the following policies:
a. Residential development will not be encouraged in airport
approach areas.
b. As long as the Town relies upon the system of horizontal
well fields for part of its water supply, development on
the land above these wells will not be allowed.
c. Ocean Isle Beach's policies on development in fragile
areas are the same as those stated for Areas of Environ-
mental Concern.
d. Until such time a central sewage collection and disposal
system can be developed, growth and development will not
42

be encouraged in areas where septic tanks will not func-.
tion. All septic tanks must be in compliance with State
Health Regulations.
e. Development will be discouraged in areas where soils will
not suport the weight of proposed structures. Develop-
ment may be constructed if corrective measures for stabi-
lizing building foundations are incorporated into devel-
opment design.
7. Hurricane and FloodEvacuation Needs:
Ocean Isle Beach, being a barrier island community, is well
aware of the potential danger to life and property in the event of
a severe storm such as a hurricane or the floods resulting from a
100-year storm surge. After Hurricane David in 1979, erosion on
the east -end of the island was serious enough to require the relo-
cation of several homes. With the awareness of the potential dan-
gers in focus, Ocean Isle Beach in 1977 developed and adopted or-
dinances to assist the island's residents, particularly those
living in ocean hazard areas,.to evacuate the island toward safer
inland areas.
These ordinances, which would be promptly implemented if
necessary, are adequate for the flood and hurricane evacuation
needs at this time.
-B. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY: RESOURCE PROTECTION POLICIES:
In order to implement the above policies, Ocean Isle Beach
will take the following actions.
1. During Fiscal Year 1981-82, Ocean Isle Beach will -autho-
rize the-Mayor�to apply for funds from the Office of Coastal Man-
agement in order to provide assistance in reviewing its local or-
dinances for consistency with CAMA.
2. Also during Fiscal Year 1981-82, the Town will seek the
services of a professional planning consultant to make any neces-
sary revisions or amendments to its subdivision and zoning ordi-
nances.
3. Throughout Fiscal Years 81 through 85, the Town Building
Inspector will continue to be the chief local enforcement officer,
and local coordinator of all the various permits required prior to
development
4. Also, for the next four fiscal years, the Town will con-
tinue to participate in the Federal Flood Insurance Program, and
enforce its local Flood Damage and Prevention ordinance.
5. The Building Inspector and the Mayor will continue .to co-
operate with the various state and Federal agencies which have
43

coastal management responsibilities, throughout the next four
years.
6. The Planning Board, throughout the next four fiscal
years, will review all proposals for development, in order to de-
termine consistency with overall management policies and objec-
tives, and make recommendations to the Town Board. r
7. In Fiscal year 1985-86, the Land Use Plan will be up-
dated.
C. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT:
Ocean Isle Beach agrees with the Coastal Resources Commission
in its recognition of the importance of sound management of pro-
ductive resources in coastal,communities. The production or main-
tenance of those resources, in many instances, is the economic
foundation of many of these communities. Sound management poli
cies are crucial since these economic resources are usually either
extractions from coastal lands or waters, or are aesthetically.
valued for recreational uses or as tourist attractions. In Ocean
Isle Beach, the most important resources relate to the community's
appeal as a recreational, vacation and tourist area. As noted in
Section I, Page 3, under "Economy", maintenance of this appeal.is
vital to the Town's economic future. Since it is a relatively
small community, most of the resource issues listed in the CAMA
Land Use Planning Guidelines (7B.0203) are not relevant in Ocean
Isle Beach, and will not be addressed in this Section. Those is-
sues which have no relevance to Ocean Isle Beach are:
-- productive agricultural lands
-- commercial forest lands, and,
-- existing and potential mineral sites.
Commercial and recreational fishing are also important re-
sources to Ocean Isle Beach, along with tourism. The importance
of the sustained vitality of these resources and the Town's poli-
cies are discussed below:
1. Recreational Resources:
Ocean Isle Beach is basically an ocean -front tourist and va-
cation oriented community. As such, there are no productive agri-
cultural, forestry, or mining resource areas. The primary resour-
ce of the Town is the aesthetic and recreational appeal of the At-
lantic Ocean and its beaches and the surrounding secondary water
ways. Recreational opportunities such as boating, swimming, water
skiing, surf boarding, and sports fishing, are not only viable re-
sources for Ocean Isle, but also are important economic attrac-
tions for the.Town. . The seasonally based economy, as documented
in Section I of this plan, is dependent upon the continued preser-
vation and maintenance of these resources. Projections for the
10-year planning period indicate a growth both in the permanent
and seasonal populations of Ocean Isle Beach. Both the aesthetics
44

and recreational opportunities of the Town are important resources
which need to be -protected and managed.
Ocean Isle Beach is known for its attractive, neat and clean
appearance. As additional recreational opportunities such as ten-
nis, mini -golf, and water slides are developed, maintaining the
island's appearance may become an important challenge.
Possible policy alternatives which were considered include:
development, adoption and enforcement of a Community Appearance
.Ordinance in order to help maintain the.Town's appearance, and in-
creasing garbage and trash collection and removal, particularly
during the tourist season.
Actual policy choices are:
a. Ocean Isle Beach will strictly enforce its existing sign
ordinance and litter law to help keep the community neat
and attractive.
b. The Town will continue to support the expansion of recrea-
tional opportunities that do not seriously detract from
the general aesthetics of the community, or do not cause
an unsafe generation of traffic.
c. Ocean Isle Beach will consider the development, adoption
and enforcement of a Community Appearance Ordinance and
continue to support and encourage- private beautification
efforts.
d. The Town will continue to support public access to the
beach strand.
2. Commercial and Recreational Fishing:
Commercial fishing in and around Ocean Isle Beach, as is the
case with all of Brunswick County, is historically important.' In
Ocean Isle.Beach, the waters of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway
and the Eastern Channel (or Old Sound Creek), have been important
shrimping, clamming, and oystering areas. The Eastern Channel is
also an important component of the North Carolina Division of
Marine Fisheries' Oyster Rehabilitation Project in Brunswick Coun-
ty. Although no detailed statistics specific to Ocean Isle Beach
are available, the Division of Marine Fisheries' Wilmington office
indicate.that fish landings are generally good in most of Bruns-
wick County, including the waters around Ocean Isle Beach.
Concern has been raised, however, by some fishermen about the
build up of siltation deposits in Eastern Channel adjacent to the
Tubb's Inlet area on the island's west end. Fishermen and Divi-
sion of Marine Fisheries' personnel imply a.belief that the sandy
deposits in the inlet and channel areas impede the productivity of
important nursery, areas by covering up the oyster and clam beds.
45

Eventually, this leads to lower landing yields. A possible means
of,addressing this problem is by the dredging of the inlet which
will increase the tidal flushing of the area, and clear'out some
of the siltation and pollution. Boating maneuverability would
also increase as a result of these actions.
Any policies or actions in support of commercial fishing in
the area would also be benefical to tourism in Ocean Isle Beach
since many of the summer residents and visitors are avid sports
fishermen. Thus, sports fishing, as a part of the overall tourist
economy, is quite important.
Policy alternatives considered included: continuing support
of State programs aimed at revitalizing shellfish breeding and
harvesting areas, and; seeking permits to dredge the inlet
channels as needed.
In recognition of the importance of the fishing industry to
Ocean Isle Beach, the Town sets forth the following policy state-
ment.
a. Ocean Isle Beach is aware that fishing areas such as the
Eastern Channel (Old Sound Creek), need to have stable and suffi-
cient flow of salt water in order to nourish, the breeding estua-
ries, sustain adequate channel depths for the maneuvering of boats
and to provide proper flushing for pollution control. Therefore,
the Town will support and continue to seek carefully managed re-
moval of siltation deposits and sand build up from the Tubb's In-
let and Shallotte Inlet areas.
3. Off -Road Vehicles:
It is important to Ocean Isle Beach that the aesthetics of
the beach strand be maintained. It is also important to the Town
that the integrity of the island's sand dunes be maintained. The
intrusion of off -road vehicles onto the strand and dunes is viewed
as being inconsistent with the management objective of maintaining
the quality and character of these sensitive areas. A major poli-
cy alternative available to the Town is the development of a
stricter ordinance which prohibits any off -road vehicles on the
beach strand or sand dunes. Another alternative would be simply
stricter enforcement of the Town's existing ordinance. In accor
dance with the overall management objective, the Town sets forth
the following policy statement concerning off -road vehicles:
a. Ocean Isle Beach will take steps to see that the existing
ordinance which prohibits the operation of off -road vehi-
cles on any beach strand or sand dune, is strictly en-
forced, and that appropriate penalties for violations are
imposed.
D. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY: RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT:
46

In order to implement the above policies, Ocean Isle Beach
will take the following actions.
1. In Fiscal Year 1981-82, the Mayor will work with the Town
Planning Board and the Building Inspector, to review, and if
necessary, make recommendations for revisions to the Town's sign
ordinance and litter ordinance. The Town Board will consider
those recommendations.
2. In Fiscal Year 1982-83, the Mayor of the Town will seek
assistance from State and Federal agencies in order to develop
better information on the impact of dredging the Tubb's and Shal-
lotte Inlets.
3. In Fiscal Year 1983-84, the Town Board will direct the
Planning Board to research the steps and procedures necessary for
the development and adoption of a Community Appearance Ordinance.
4. In Fiscal Year 1984-85, the Town Board will conduct a
study of ways to increase the efficiency of collection and removal
of trash by the Town's sanitation unit in a more cost-effective
and energy conservation manner. The board may seek the assistance
and service of outside planning consultants.
5. During the next four fiscal years, the Town Board will
continue to encourage the efforts of private citizen's groups,
such as the Ocean Isle Beautification Committee, by providing lim-
ited.financial assistance toward the purchase of seeds or shrub-
bery for community planting.projects.
6. Ocean Isle will continue to seek permits for the dredging
of the Eastern Channel area.
E. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT:
The following issues will not be addressed in this section:
redevelopment of older areas,
-- types and locations of desired industry, and
energy facility siting.
The economic vitality of Ocean Isle Beach, as stated previ-
ously, relates directly to tourism. Second -home sales and cottage
rentals, which attract thousands of visitors.each summer, along
with increasing numbers of day visitors from inland communities,
are important elements to the island's economy.
The land development pattern in Ocean Isle Beach, as shown on
the attached Land Use Map is mostly residental. Nearly.all of the
commercial development is located along N.C. 904. Although both
the permanent and -seasonal populations are projected to increase,
the overall land development pattern will likely remain the same.
47

Ocean Isle Beach, incorporated in 1959, is a relatively
"young" community. Because of this factor, and the fact that the
island was developed as and remains a family -oriented tourist cen-
ter, some of the Economic and Community Development issues listed
in the State Land Use Planning Guidelines have little or no rele-
vance to Ocean Isle Beach'.
As it is very important that the atmosphere and character of
a quiet, relaxing family beach be maintained, Ocean Isle Beach is
not interested in developing any manufacturing industries within
the Town. Also, intense commercial developments, beyond that
necessary to serve tourists, will not be encouraged. Residential
development, both multi -family and single-family are regarded as
desirable for the Town, as long as no major or irreversible damage
threatens any environmentally sensitive area. Single-family de-
tached dwellings are the predominant residential -type in Ocean
Isle Beach, although more multi -family units are being developed,
or proposed. High -density, high-rise developments will not be en-
couraged during the planning period. Such developments are viewed
as being inconsistent with the aesthetics of the island.
Important considerations affecting community and economic de-
velopment in Ocean Isle Beach are the continued provision of ade-
quate water supplies, and the development of a sanitary and envi-
ronmentally sound waste water disposal system. As noted, the Town
has already begun developing wells.on the mainland, and is seeking,
federal funding to develop a central sewage collection and dispos-
al system. Also, as was noted in Part C, 1, Pages 21-25, certain`
soil types on Ocean Isle could also pose some limitations to de-
velopment. Structural foundations and the unsuitability -of septic`
tank placement are considerations concerning soils conditions.
The constraints imposed by water, sewer, and soils limita-
tions, are important policy issues which will affect the economic
and community development of Ocean Isle Beach during the 10-year
planning period. Another issue. which the Town needs to address
during the period is the use of land in the area adjacent to its
northern, northwestern, and northeastern boundaries. The area is
currently composed mostly of residential uses, including conven-
tional and mobile home subdivisions, and is not incorporated.
Development in this area, because of its proximity to Ocean Isle
Beach, could affect the aesthetics of the "entrance to the Town
as visitors cross the causeway on N.C. 904. Ocean Isle Beach,
therefore, may want to extend its extraterritorial jurisdiction to
,include this area. The Town could then exercise its land use
controls in this area.
Ocean Isle Beach is very much concerned about the future
growth in economic and community development. As the population
gradually increases, the economic base will probably also expand,
more housing will be developed, and increased pressures will be
placed on existing community facilities. Sound public investment
decisions will' also have to be made. All of these issues and
others are important in the formulation of land use policies. Re-
W.

levant issue areas and particular policy statements are discussed
below:
1. Local Committment to Service Provisions:
The major service provided by Ocean Isle Beach is water. The
current water service -area, according to the Town's Water Distri-
bution Plan, covers virtually the entire developable portion of
the island. Water service is readily available to all new devel-
opment. The current water system's capacity is 'projected to sus-
tain population growth throughout the next 10-years (See Table 9,
Page 29). As the projected growth takes place (mostly residential
development), the Town is committed to providing water service to
these areas according to it's current water expansion policies
(See Page 12). The Town hopes to eventually develop a centralized
sewage collection and disposal system. Whenever such a system is
developed, Ocean Isle Beach will also provide sewer service to
newly developing and older developed areas.
It is also important that other services and facilities, such
as police and fire protection also be evaluated for necessary
changes as the population increases.
A major policy alternative for the Town would be,to limit,
through the enactment of local ordinances, future development to
the capacity of all community facilities. Another alternative
would be the use of local ordinances to guide development away
from certain areas until a central' sewage collection and disposal
system is developed.
Actual policy choices are:
a. Residential and Commercial development,`in accordance
with provisions of the Ocean Isle Beach Zoning and Subdi-
vision Ordnances, will continue to be encouraged, as long
as State Health Regulations for septic tank placement are
met
The Town will continue to seek financial assistance to
develop a central sewage collection and disposal system
on the Asland, in order to avoid possible problems re-
sulting from sole reliance upon septic tanks for all de-
velopment.
Ocean Isle Beach will also seek to develop more efficient
and effective means of solid waste disposal, in order to
minimize trash and garbage collection problems during the
tourist season. (See Policy Statement D, 4 on Page 47).
Ocean Isle Beach will continue to support efficient pro-
tective and emergency services for its residents by seek-
ing additional training for fire and rescue personnel.
Also, in order to facilitate efficiency in locating indi-
49

vidual properties by emergency personnel, the Town will
develop a street and house -numbering system.
2. Types of Urban Growth Patterns:
The development pattern of Ocean Isle Beach is, as previously
pointed out, dominated by residential development. Currently, no
mobile homes are allowed within the Town's jurisdiction. The
first and second row of interior developable lots from the ocean
front, is almost exclusively composed of single-family and multi-
family homes. It is the Town's intentions, as reflected in its
,zoning ordinance and zoning map, to discourage commercial -type de-
velopments in areas near the ocean -front. Motels or apartment
-
rentals are commercial in nature, but are allowed in the Town's
zoning ordinance for these areas because the uses are predominant-
ly residential. Low-rise residential development, both multi -fam-
ily and single-family are desirable near the ocean front areas.
Near the center of the island, along the finger canals, single-,
family development is considered the most practical type of use.
Most of the lots there are relatively smalland portions of this
area cannot support septic tank placement without the addition of
suitable fill material. Development with higher density levels_
than single-family or two-family uses may not be desirable in the
finger canal areas because of possible effluent intrusion into the
canals. No such intrusion, however, has been documented.
Also, the extreme eastern end of the island, which -is more
subject to the effects of inlet erosion (adjacent to Shallotte In-
let), is more suitable for single-family residential development
because of its lower density. Carefully placed single-family
structures would minimize the risk of loss of life or property in
this area. The area, however, is generally safe for development.
.Should Ocean Isle Beach choose to exercise its extra -terri-
torial jurisdiction across the Intracoastal Waterway, then a mix-
ture of uses, including residential subdivisions (conventional and
mobile homes), highway commercial, and perhaps neighborhood com-
mercial would be considered allowable uses. However, a more de-
tailed analysis needs to be done for this area.
Policy alternatives which have been considered -in order to
achieve the desired urban growth patterns include; amending the
existing zoning ordinance to insure that no incompatible uses de-
velop; amending the subdivision ordinance to impose stricter de-
sign standards on development (particularly if extra -territorial
jurisdiction is'exercised), and continued enforcement of the ex-
isting ordinances, along with support of the CAMA permit process.
Actual policy choices are:
a. Since it is the desire of Ocean Isle Beach to avoid in-
compatible land uses, the Town will continue to enforce its cur-
rent ordinances and local building permit program, to help achieve
a desirable balance between commercial and residential develop-
ment. The Town will also continue to support the State CAMA per-
50

mit process and State Health.Regulations regarding septic tank
placement.
3. Committment to Federal and State Programs:
Ocean Isle Beach recognizes the importance of the operation
of State and Federal programs, some of which provide necessary im-
provements for the island community. The State Department of
Transportation road and bridge improvement program has been very
helpful to Ocean Isle Beach. By mid-1982, a new two-lane bridge
will be constructed across the Intracoastal Waterway with State
and Federal assistance. This will greatly facilitate traffic
flows between the island and the mainland by replacing the exist-
ing single -lane bridge. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers provide
valuable assistance by dredging and maintaining the Atlantic
Intracoastal Waterway. The Division of Marine Fisheries Oyster
Rehabilitation project in the Eastern Channel area is a valuable
aid to both sports and commercial fishing. Regulations of CAMA
and the State restrictions on septic tank placement -are useful in
helping protect environmentally sensitive areas. Ocean Isle Beach
will continue to support these programs, and since these programs
are considered useful, there are no viable policy alternatives to
their support.
4. Assistance to Channel Maintenance and Beach Nourishment:
Most of the Town's policies concerning channel maintenance
were addressed.in Part C, 2, Page 47, of this section Ocean Isle
Beach is.supportive of the Corps of Engineer's maintenance of the
Intracoastal Waterway and is committed to providing suitable spoil
placement sites (See Part C, 2, Page 27), Section I). Ocean Isle
Beach is generally supportive of keeping new development out of
the Corps 1,000-foot easement along the AIWW,.however,. the Town
believes that existing structures in the easement area should be
recognized and protected.
Beach nourishment is also an important concern of Ocean Isle
Beach. The Town recognizes that one of the major threats to any
beach is.erosion, which.is by and large a natural occurrence.
Ocean Isle Beach is committed to beach nourishment projects in the
area and has entered into an agreement with the Corps of Engineers
so that all suitable dredged sand can be deposited on the beach as
artificial renourishment. Also, in early 1981, the Town supported
a local renourishment project which included the planting of
60,000 sprigs of American Beach grass on the west end of the is-
land. These plantings when* -mature, will help to maintain the sta
51

bility of the sands. Funds for these planting came from private
sources.
One policy alternative for beach nourishment would be for the
Town to conduct its own renourishment programs. However, the
financial' resources of the Town will not allow for such an under-
taking. Specific policies for channel maintenance and beach nour-
ishment are:
a. Ocean Isle Beach will continue to provide suitable spoil
sites for dredging of the Intracoastal Waterway by the
Corps of Engineers. New development will not be encour-
aged in the existing spoil easement area.
b. The Town will seek Federal and State assistance in sup-
port of beach nourishment projects, and encourage local
private efforts.
5. Tourism:
The importance of tourism to Ocean Isle Beach.has been suffi-
ciently addressed in other parts of this plan, and bears no need
for repetition here. (See Part E, "Economic and Community Devel-
opment", Page 47). The natural resources of the beach along the
Atlantic Ocean and inland waterways which attract an influx of
thousands to this island community each summer, are vital genera-
tors of income for many businesses. The tourist season also pro-
vides employment for some, island residents and for some mainland
residents of Brunswick County as well. According to the Travel
and Tourism Division, North Carolina Department of.Commerce, in
1979, travel and tourism accounted for $16,740,000 in expenditures
in Brunswick County. Although detailed figures are not available
for Ocean Isle Beach, relative to its size, the island community
probably generated a respectable proportion of the total. To sim-
ply say that tourism is important in Ocean Isle Beach, would be a
.severe understatement. Policy alternatives concerning support of
tourism are few in an area where it forms the economic base. In
fact, all of the other policy statements under Economic and Commu-
nity Development, relate to tourism. The following policy state-
ment is hereby set.forth:
a. Ocean Isle Beach will continue to support and promote
tourism as its main economic base. The development of
non -intensive recreational and commercial land uses will
be encouraged in order to enhance services for the
public.
6. Beach and Waterfront Access:
Relatively free and open access to the ocean front and other .
waterways is an important consideration for any beach community.
This is a fact which Ocean Isle Beach recognized in the initial
stages of its development. The developer of the community dedi-
cated public easements to provide walkovers to the beach and thus
52

free and open access to the strand. The initial plans called for
the development of the easement areas as the seasonal and perma-
nent populations increased. There are 25 of these public ease-
ments and seven are currently maintained. These seven walkovers
are located near the island's more densely developed areas and
presently have clay bases. As the Town continues to grow, more
easement access ways will be developed and maintained by the Town.
All 25 access ways, however, are currently opened.
Access to other water areas mainly for sports fishing is also
open to the public. There is one pier on the island, which pro-
vides both public parking and access for pier fishing.
Policy alternatives include, seeking State and/or Federal as-
sistance to develop more public,access ways such as developing
more of the existing 25 easements or using local revenues to de-
velop more access ways. The Town's policy is set forth as fol-
lows:
a. Ocean Isle Beach will continue to support free and open
public access to the ocean front and other waterways by
seeking State and/or Federal financial assistance to de-
velop beach walkovers and boat access ramps.
F. IMPLEMENTATION STATEGY: ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT:
In order to implement the above policies, Ocean Isle Beach
will take the following actions:
1. In Fiscal Year 1981-82, the Town Board will develop an
official street and house numbering system in order to facilitate
locating residences in emergency situations and in order to
develop a uniform address system.
2. In Fiscal Year 1982-83, Ocean Isle Beach will seek
funding assistance to develop more public waterfront access ways.
3. In Fiscal year 1985-86, Ocean Isle Beach will review all
of its policies on Economic and Community Development and revise
them .as necessary.
G.. CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION:
Involving the citizens in planning and govermental discus -
which lead to decisions which affect them-, is an important
matter recognized by Ocean Isle Beach. In the development of this
53

plan, a Citizen Participation Plan was developed, a.series of
questionnaires distributed, and public meetings were.conducted.
All'of these activities were designed to give citizens an oppor-
tunity to provide input into the planning and policy formulation
process. Efforts to involve the Town's citizenry will continue
throughout the planning period.
. Throughout the formulation of this plan, regular meetings
were conducted between the planning consultant and the Planning
Board. The Planning Board', in accordance with the Citizen Parti-
cipation Plan, served as the main citizen advisory group. Cur-
rently this Board is composed of three of the Town's residents.
Ocean Isle has demonstrated its desire to keep citizens informed
of governmental issues by mailing out copies of the minutes of the
Town.Board meetings to all year-round residents. This is a prac-
tice not duplicated in many communities. Ocean`Isle Beach is com-
mitted to keeping its citizens informed and giving them opportuni-
ties to participate in the planning and decision making process.
Policy alternatives include using public announcements or notices
to.inform citizens of pending land use planning or development de-
cisions, and/or expansion of the size of the Planning Board.
Policy choices are:
a. Ocean'Isle Beach believes that its Planning Board, which
has regularly scheduled meetings, all of which are open
to the public, provide adequate opportunities for citi-
zens to air their.views concerning planning matters. The
Board will continue to be maintained at its present
size.
b. Ocean Isle will continue its policy of informing citizens
of governmental issues and decisions by sending out a
summary of the minutes of Town Board Meetings to all per-
manent residents.
c. The'Town will use published public notices to inform cit-
izens of pending decisions involving land use planning
matters.
H. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY: CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION:
In order to implement the above policies, Ocean Isle Beach
will take the following actions:
1. During the next four Fiscal.Years (.1981-85), the Town
Board will oversee the implementation of the policy statements
listed in G, a, b, and c, above.
I. ADDITIONAL SPECIFIED LOCAL ISSUES:
The Coastal Resources Commission has specified that certain
issues, which it viewed as having particular significance in Ocean
Isle Beach, be addressed in this land use plan. These issues are:
(1) AIWW Easements, and (2) Inlet Stabilization/Ocean Front Ero
54

sion. Discussion and policy implications for these issues were
presented under other policy statement areas. For appropriate
references, these two issues will be discussed again below:
1 AIWW Easements:
The issue of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1,000 foot
maintenance easement along the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway was
first discussed in Part C, 2, Page 27, of Section I. Specific po-
licy discussions on the issue were presented in Part E, 4, Page 51
and Part E.4.a. Page 52, Section II, under "Channel Maintenance"
and "Implementation Strategy". In summary, this issue has been
resolved between the Corps and the Town. (See Page 27).
2. Inlet Stabilization/Ocean Front Erosion:
Detailed discussions on.this issue were presented in several
parts of this land use plan. Specific definitions and policy dis-
cussions may be found in Parts A, 3, a, and c, of this section un-
der "Resource Protection:.Ocean Hazard AECs", Page 40 through 41.
Note particularly the discussions of "Ocean Erodible Areas", and
"Inlet Hazard Areas" on Page 40, and the policies under Part A, 4,
Page 41
55

SECTION III:
LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
The land classification system provides a uniform'way of
looking at how the use of land interacts with environmentally sen-
sitive areas and with the development needs of a particular local-
ity. It is not a strict regulatory device in the sense of a zon-
ing ordinance or zoning map. It represents more of a tool to aide
in understanding the relationships between various land use cate-
gories and how these relationships help shape local policy. Par-
ticular attention is focused on the intensity at which land is
used and the level of.services needed to support that intensity.
The regulations for the Coastal Area Management Act state:
"The land classification system provides a framework to be
used by local government to identify the future use of all
lands in,each county. The designation of land classes allows
the local government to illustrate their policy statements as
to where and to what density they want growth to occur, and
where they want to conserve natural and cultural resources by
guiding growth.: (7B.0204) (a)
The five land classifications, along with a land classifica-
tion map are therefore intended to serve as a visual representa-
tion of the policies stated in Section II of this plan. The map
depicting these classifications must be as flexible as the poli-
cies that guide them. (See the attached Land Classification Map,
Maps . )
Only three of the Coastal Resources Commissions' five land
classifications and one sub -class, are relevant to the land devel-
opment policies of Ocean Isle Beach. They are identified and de-
scribed below.
.A. DEVELOPED
The developed class of land use provides for continued inten-
sive development and redevelopment of existing cities. Areas to
be classified as "developed" include lands currently developed for
urban purposes or approaching a density of 500 dwellings per
square mile that are provided with usual municipal or public ser-
vices including at least public water, sewer, recreational facili-
ties, police and fire protection. Areas which exceed the minimum
density but which do not have public sewer service may best be di-
vided into a separate class to indicate that although they have a
developed character, they will need sewers in the future.
Within Ocean Isle Beach, the areas complying with the above
definition, except for the provision of central sewage service,
include: the commercial area on N.C. 904 north of the Intracoastal
Waterway; the residential area along the first eight finger canals
near the island, and; the first and second row of lots along the
oceanfront, east of N.C. 904 to Lumberton Street. Lots in these
areas are nearly completely developed, and all of the undeveloped
acreage will likely be developed by or before 1990.
56

B. TRANSITION
Transition land is classified as those lands providing for
future intensive urban development within the ensuing ten years on
lands that are most suitable and that will be scheduled for provi-
sion of necessary public utilities and services. They may also
provide for additional growth when additional lands in the devel-
oped class are not available or when they are severely limited for
development.
Lands classified "transition" may include:
1. lands currently having urban services, and
2. other lands necessary to accommodate the urban popula
tion and economic growth anticipated within the planning.
jurisdiction over the next ten years.
Lands classified for the latter reason must:.
a. be served or be readily served by public water, sewer',
and other urban services including public streets, and
b. be generally free of severe physical limitations for ur-
ban development.
The "transition" class should not include:
1 lands of high potential for agriculture, forestry, or
mineral extraction, or land falling within extensive ru-
ral areas being managed commercially for these uses,
when other lands are available;
20. lands where urban development might result in major or
irreversible damage to important environmental, scienti-
fic, or scenic values; or
3. land'where urban development might result in damage to
natural systems or processes or more than local concern,
and
4. lands where development will result in undue risk to
life or property from natural hazards or existing land
uses.
The lands in Ocean Isle Beach that will be classified "tran-
sitional are those areas adjacent to the currently developed
areas on the island. This includes the land area around the re-
maining finger canals (currently unopened), all of the remaining
platted lots on the island, and the unsubdivided land on the west
end.
The relationship
sification is usually
to define the already
areas where intensive
Transitional lands are
sions will be required
These become important
between the "developed and transition" clas-
an important one. The first class is meant
intensively developed areas and/or those
urban -type development is likely to occur.
those areas where public investment deci-
to provide the necessary urban services.
areas to closely monitor. The Coastal
57

Resources Commission has further clarified this relationship as
described below.
The Developed and Transition classes should be the only lands
under active consideration by a county or municipality for inten-
sive urban development requiring urban services. The area within
these classes is where detailed local land use and public invest-
ment planning will occur. State and federal expenditures on pro-
jects associated with urban development (water, sewer, urban
street systems, etc.) will be guided to these areas. Most of the
" "transitional" lands in Ocean Isle Beach already have access to
the Town's water system and are included 'in the municipal service
area (i.e., police and fire protection).
C. CONSERVATION
The "conservation" class provides for effective long-term
management of significant limited or irreplaceable areas. This
management may be needed because of its natural, cultural, recrea-
tional, productive or scenic values. This class should be limited
to lands that contain: major wetlands; essentially undeveloped
shorelands that are unique, fragile, or hazardous for development,
necessary wildlife habitat or areas that have a high probability
for providing necessary habitat conditions; publicly owned water
supply watersheds and aquifers; and forest lands that are undevel-
oped and will remain undeveloped for commercial purposes.
In Ocean Isle Beach, the lands described as the following
Areas of Environmental Concern, are listed in this classification;
Coastal Wetlands (the unplatted, undeveloped lands south of the
Intracoastal Waterway, and north of'Old Sound Creek); Estuarine
Shorelines, (excluding areas adjacent to already --;developed lots);
I.nlet Hazard Areas, and the Ocean Erodible Area.
D. CONSERVATION SPOIL
This is a sub -class of conservation and will be used to clas-
sify lands which would generally be suited for use as spoil areas
for the maintenance of major waterways, but not for other uses..
This would include areas used, or to be used by the U. S. Army
Corps of Engineers.
E. OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS
1. Community
The "community" classification provides for clustered land
uses to meet housing, shopping, employment, and public service
needs within the rural areas a County. It is usually characteriz-
ed by a small grouping of mixed land uses which are suitable and;
appropriate for small clusters of rural development not requiring
municipal sewer service.
RE

2. Rural
The "rural" class provides for agriculture, forest, manage-
ment, mineral extraction and other low intensity uses on large
sites including residences where urban services are not required
and where natural resources will not be unduly impaired. These
are lands identified as appropriate locations for resource manage-
ment and allied uses: land with high potential for agriculture,
forestry or mineral extraction; lands with one or more limitations
that would make development costly and hazardous; and lands con-
taining irreplaceable, limited, or significant natural, recrea-
tional or scenic resources not otherwise classified.
59

SECTION IV
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
POLICIES AND LAND CLASSIFICATION

SECTION I.V
RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES AND LAND CLASSIFICATIONS
After the Land Classification System is developed, the Coas-
tal Resources Commission requires each land use plan to relate the
Policy Section to the land classification map and to provide some
indication as to which land uses are appropriate in each class.
A. DEVELOPED AND TRANSITION CLASSES
As discussed in Section I, Analysis of Existing Conditions,
the development of both single-family and multi -family structures
is likely to continue in Ocean Isle Beach. The developed and
transition classes were specifically designed to accommodate these
projected more intensive developments and land uses. This will
include commercial uses, parks and open space, community facili-
ties and transportation. Hazardous or offensive uses such as pow-
er plants, airports and storage facilities will not be in these
classes. Where identified constraints such as poor soils, AIWW
easements, horizontal well fields, or other fragile areas occur
within these classes, the areas will not be considered as
Developed or Transition. (See "Constraints" pp. 20-26).
B. CONSERVATION AND CONSERVATION SPOIL CLASSES
The Conservation Class is designated to provide for effective
Tong -term management of significant limited or irreplaceable areas
which include wetlands, undeveloped shorelines that are unique,
fragile, or hazardous for development, wildlife habitat areas,
publicly owned watersheds and acquifers and undeveloped forest
lands and cultural and historical sites. In Ocean Isle Beach, de-
velopment should be restricted to water -dependent uses such as
piers, bulkheads, marinas, etc. Policy Statements under Resource
Protection, and Resource Production and Management issues, address
the Town's,intentions concerning the Conservation Class.
The Conservation Spoil Class will apply to lands which must
be managed on a long-term basis, but are suitable as spoil sites
for the maintenance of major waterways, including the Atlantic
Intracoastal Waterway by the Corps of Engineers.
60

APPENDIX I
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
For the purpose of interpreting parts of this plan, certain
words or terms, as used herein, shall have the meanings as indi-
cated below:
A. High Density Development: Shall refer to intensive land de-
velopment w ere y the number of dwelling units exceed 1,000 dwell-
ings per square mile, or the population density is in excess of
12.0 persons per acre.
B. High -Rise Development: Shall refer to residential or commer-
cial structures which exceed two normal stories above the base el-
evation building level, as contained in the Ocean Isle Beach Zon-
ing Ordinance.
C. 'Low -Rise Development: Shall refer to residential or commer-
cial development which do not exceed two normal stories above the
base elevation building level, as contained in the Ocean Isle
Beach Zoning Ordinance.
D. Multi -family Development: Shall refer to residential struc-
tures designe or or occupied by three or more families, with se-
parate housekeeping and cooking facilities for each unit, includ-
ing apartments and group housing.
E. Single -Family Development: Shall refer, to residential struc-
tures designed for or -occupied exclusively by one.family, usually
unattached to other dwelling units.
F. Two -Family Development: Shall refer to residential struc-
tures, designed, constructed or reconstructed and used for two
dwelling units that are connected by a common load bearing wall.
61

i
LEGEND
COMMERCIAL
0 RESIDENTIAL
1�-sa,cd PUBLIC
UNDEVELOPED
SEASIDE
�\ S A N D \\
'S A N D \ \�\ : -------
ru88 S 4. INL ET \ �
%r% L A N T
THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCIALLY AIDED
THROUGH A FEDERAL GRANT FROM THE NATIONAL OCEANIC
AND AT;,IOSPHERIC AD611NISTRATIO3. THE GRANT WAS MADE
THROUGH THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL
RESOURCES AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPPIENT.
J�-
PR/VAT£ STATE
ROADS MAINTAINED,
� N
tu
2 2
C 0 C E A N
OCEAN ISLE BEACH 6-81
LAND USE MAP-1981 1"=400'
R S T
MAP-4 K.W.
225
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PmmWw u NOW fawn. is mmm K q 3

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LEGEND
Q
F---j COMMERCIAL
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_ PUBLIC
UNDEVELOPED
TOWN L/t►/Ts __ / N, T R A C O A S T A L —�__ TOWN L/m/Ts
Z o
Z
WW A T L A N
ylh
THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCIALLY AIDED
THROUGH A FEDERAL JRANT FROM THE NATIONAL OCEANIC
AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION. THE GRANT WAS MADE
THROUGH THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL
RESOURCES AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT.
Mil
OCEAN ISLE BEACH 8-81
T ii 0 C E A N LAND USE MAP-1981 1`400
RST
MAP-4 K.W.
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