Land Use Plan Update-1999

Town of Navassa
Land Use Plan Update
1999
;OPY
lent
Cape Fear Council of Governments
1480 Harbour Drive
Wilmington, NC 28401
[phone]
[phone] Fax

The final Public Hearing on this document was held on October 21, 1999.
This document was adopted by the Town of Navassa on October 21, 1999.
This document was adopted by t he Coastal Resources Commission on November 19, 1999.

Land Use Plan Update
19 9
Town of Navassa
334 Main Street
Navassa, NC 28404
[phone]/[phone](fax)
Town Council
Louis S. Brown, Mayor
Eulis Willis, Mayor Pro Tem
Martha Grady
Aubrey Craig Suggs
Melvin Walker
Carlton Willis
Planning Board
Melvin Walker, Chairman
Gerald Alston
Earnest Briant
Charlie Graham
Diane Graham
Town Attorney
Jacqueline Goodson
Town Clerk
Charlena Alston
Technical Assistance Provide_ d By
Cape Fear Council of Governments
' 1480 Harbour Drive
Wilmington, North Carolina 28401
[phone]/395-2684 fax
1

0
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION 1
NAVASSA'S GOALS & OBJECTIVES 3
Section 1: ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
4
(1)
ADMINISTRATION & FORM OF GOVERNMENT
5
(2)
ESTABLISHMENT OF INFORMATION BASE
7
(3)
A BRIEF HISTORY OF NAVASSA, BRUNSWICK COUNTY
9
'
(4)
POPULATION
12
(5)
ECONOMY
15
(6)
SEASONAL POPULATION
18
(7)
EXISTING WATER & LAND USE
18
(a) Water
19
(8)
(b) Land
CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES AND REGULATIONS
22
25
(9)
AREAS OF SIGNIFICANT LAND USE CHANGE
29
Section 2: CONSTRAINTS
TO DEVELOPMENT
30
(1)
LAND SUITABILITY
30
(a) Fragile Areas
30
(b) Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC's)
33
(c) Soils
37
(d) Man Made Hazardous Sites
42
(2)
CARRYING CAPACITY
42
(3)
CULTURAL RESOURCES
42
Section 3: ESTIMATED DEMAND 43
(1) WATER 43
(2) SEWER 43
(3)
ROADS, SCHOOLS, & HOSPITALS
44
(4)
SOLID WASTE
46
(5)
POPULATION & ECONOMY
47
(6)
LOCAL OBJECTIVES CONCERNING GROWTH
47
Section 4: POLICIES FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 48
(1) RESOURCE PROTECTION 49
(2) RESOURCE PROTECTION— Policy Statements 49
(a) A Basic Statement on Resources Protection 49
(b) Constraints to Development 50
(c) Appropriate Land Uses in Areas of Environmental Concern 51
(d) Development in Proximity to Outstanding Resource
Waters (ORW's) 52
(e) Fragile Land Areas 52
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(1) Freshwater Swamps and Marshes
(2) Manmade Hazard Areas
(3) Archaeologic or Historic Areas
(4) Prime Farmland
(5) Wildlife Habitat Areas
(6) Watersheds
(f)
Water Quality Problems and Management Measures
Designed to Reduce Surface Water Quality Problems
(g)
Protection of Wetlands
(h)
Flood Hazard Areas
(i)
Local Resource Development Issues
0)
Hazardous or Fragile Land Areas
(k)
Means of Protection for Potable Water Supply
(1)
Use of Package Treatment Plants
(m)
Stormwater Runoff
(n)
Industrial Impacts
(o)
Marina and Floating Home Development
(p)
Local Community Development Issues
(q)
Restriction of Development in Areas
Subject to Sea Level Rise
(r)
Upland Excavation for Marinas
(s)
Damaging Marsh with Bulkhead Installation
(3) RESOURCE PRODUCTION & MANAGEMENT— Policy Statements
(a)
Productive Agricultural Lands
(b)
Commercial Forest Lands
(c)
Commercial and Recreational Fisheries
(d)
Existing and Potential Mineral Production Areas
(e)
Off -Road Vehicles
(f)
Residential, Commercial, & Industrial
Land Development Impacts
(g)
Peat or Phosphate Mining's Impacts
(4) ECONOMIC & COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT— Policy Statements
(a)
Types of Development Desired
(b)
Type and Location of Industry Desired
(c)
Local Commitment to Providing Services to Development
(d)
Types of Urban Growth Patterns Desired
(e)
Redevelopment of Developed Areas
(f)
Commitment to State & Federal Programs
(g)
Energy Facility Siting & Development
(h)
Assistance to Channel Maintenance
(i)
Tourism
0)
Public Beach and Waterfront Access
(k)
Recreational Services
(1)
Type of Density Desired
Section 5: CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION POLICIES
a) Description of the Means to be Used for Public
Education on Planning Issues
52
52
52
52
52
52
53
53
54
54
55
56
56
57
58
59
59
60
60
60
60
61
61
61
62
62
63
64
64
64
65
66
67
68
69
69
70
70
71
71
72
72
73

b)
Description of the Means to be Used for Public
Participation in Planning
73
c)
Description of the Means to be Used for Obtaining
Citizen Input in Developing LUP Policy
73
Section 6: OTHER LOCAL POLICY ISSUES— Policy Statements
73
Section 7: STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST -DISASTER RECOVERY,
& EVACUATION PLANS
(a) Description of the Effects of Those Storms to Which the
73
Community May Be Subjected
74
(b)
Hazards Map
76
(c)
Policies Which Will Mitigate
the Effects of High Wind & Flood
76
(d)
Policy to Discourage Development in Those Areas
Deemed Most Hazardous
77
(e)
Policies Dealing with the Public Acquisition of Land
In Those Most Hazardous Areas
77
(f)
Policies Dealing with Evacuation
78
(g)
The County Emergency Management Plan
78
(h)
Policies Directing Reconstruction Over an
Extended Period of Time
78
(i)
Schedule for Staging and Permitting Repairs
80
Section 8: LAND CLASSIFICATION
81
(a)
Developed
82
(b)
Urban Transition
82
(c)
Conservation
83
Section 9: RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES & LAND CLASSIFICATION
83
ISection 10: INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION & IMPLEMENTATION 84
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 --
MUNICIPAL & BRUNSWICK COUNTY POPULATION
13
TABLE 2 --
PERCENT OF COUNTY POPULATION LIVING IN A
MUNICIPALITY — REGION 0
13
TABLE 3 --
NUMBER OF PERSONS BY MUNICIPALITY —
BRUNSWICK COUNTY (1996)
14
TABLE 4 --
BRUNSWICK COUNTY & STATE POPULATION
14
TABLE 5 --
BRUNSWICK COUNTY & STATE POPULATION DENSITY
15
TABLE 6
TYPE OF INDUSTRY
17
TABLE 7 --
CLASS OF WORKER
17
TABLE 8 --
TOWN OF NAVASSA HOUSING AGE
23
TABLE 9 --
EXISTING LAND USES TOWN OF NAVASSA
24

APPENDIX
ATTACHMENT A
ATTACHMENT B
ATTACHMENT C
ATTACHMENT D
ATTACHMENT E
ATTACHMENT F
ATTACHMENT G
ATTACHMENT H
ATTACHMENT I
ATTACHMENT J
ATTACHMENT K
ATTACHMENT L
BRUNSWICK COUNTY TOWNSHIPS MAP
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN
LETTER ON RARE SPECIES & NATURAL HERITAGE AREAS
LETTER ON HISTORIC & ARCHAEOLOGIC RESOURCES
VISION BRAINSTORMING RESULTS (APRIL 15, 1998)
NAVASSA LOCATION MAP
SURFACE WATERS CLASSIFICATIONS MAP
REGION 0 MUNICIPAL POPULATION, 1997
REGION 0 POPULATION BY SEX
REGION 0 MEDIAN VALUE OWNER OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS
NATURAL AREAS MAP (NC NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM)
ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS LAND USE PLAN EFFECTIVENESS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
MAPS
EXISTING LAND USE Folded in back of document
1999 LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP Folded in back of document
STORM SURGE INNUNDATION AREAS MAP Folded in back of document
TRANSPORTATION MAP Folded in back of document

L
INTRODUCTION
The coastal area of North Carolina offers residents and visitors a tremendous opportunity to
enjoy a wide variety of business and recreational pursuits. The abundant fish and shellfish
resources of North Carolina are apparent not only from the table at your favorite local seafood
restaurant, but also from the fighting chair of the deep sea fishing boats which ply the Gulf
Stream waters in search of large sport fish. Beautiful sandy beaches with clear blue water
beckon both residents and visitors alike. The beaches and waters of North Carolina are a
tremendous resource and they may be found alongside a shoreline which is rich in history. The
Town of Navassa, near Wilmington and Leland ..... in northern Brunswick County, shares in the
history and in the rich heritage of the North Carolina coast.
In recognition of both the value and the fragile nature of our coastal area's natural and cultural
resources, the United States Congress passed, in 1972, the Coastal Zone Management Act. The
State of North Carolina, which at the very early stages of the national coastal program
established itself as a leader amongst all coastal States (a position which it has continued to
hold), enacted in 1974 the Coastal Area Management Act, which has come to be known in North
Carolina by its acronym "CAMA." The CAMA did several things. It defined North Carolina's
coastal area. Twenty coastal counties were defined as that land area over which the developing
coastal program would hold some jurisdiction. The Act created the Coastal Resources
Commission (CRC), which is a 15 member body, appointed by the Governor, who create policy
and who pass rules governing development activity in the coastal area. The Act also created the
Coastal Resources Advisory Council (CRAC), which is a 45 member body which advises the
CRC and which works as a liaison between the Commission and local governments in the coastal
area. As staff for the CRC the Office of Coastal Management (now a Division) was created to
carry out the policies of the program. The basic purpose of the Coastal Area Management Act is
"to insure the orderly balance of use and preservation of our resources on behalf of the
people of North Carolina and the nation." Preservation, protection, enhancement, and balance
...... through planning and the development of rules designed through a rational planning process
..... this is what the CAMA is about.
It is widely recognized that the most important aspect of the early development of the NC coastal
program was the planning requirement contained in the CAMA. The Coastal Area Management
j� Act required each coastal County to have a Land Use Plan, and furthermore, these plans were
required to be updated every five years. The work we are doing here, updating the Town of
Navassa Land Use Plan, is a direct result of that requirement in the enabling legislation. As
coastal counties began to plan, coastal Towns and Cities began to recognize the benefit of
planning for themselves. The local empowerment embodied in the Ads planning requirement
showed a clear stroke of brilliance on the part of those who crafted the legislation. This was
evidenced by a slow and thoughtful change of perception by Cities and Towns as the
municipalities began to request their own opportunity to plan for the long-range future. The
booming growth of the coastal area coupled with the planning requirement contained in the

statute, brought most local governments an understanding, sometimes a reluctant understanding,
of the necessity of planning for the preservation of natural resources and a way of life.
The Town of Navassa was incorporated by the North Carolina General Assembly in 1977.
Navassa may be characterized as a small Town with a group of thoughtful leaders who
understand the impacts of growth and development. They have seen the impacts of growth
nearby, and they wish to preserve the quality attributes of their community and to bring change
and to improve the living conditions of all citizens who are in need. Both the elected and
appointed Boards in Navassa act cautiously and carefully on those significant matters which will
effect the future of the community. For Navassa, the Land Use Plan herein rendered will be a
valuable source of community information and a guide for local leaders on policy matters.
The term "Land Use Plan" may be used interchangeably with other terms. The "Land Use Plan"
is also referred to as the "comprehensive plan" or the "general plan" or the "master plan." The
essential characteristics of the plan, which we will refer to as the Land Use Plan or Land Use
Plan Update (LUPUP), is that the plan encompasses all geographic parts of the community and
all functional and environmental elements which bear on land use development. The plan is
general in the sense that it will summarize policies and proposals and will not indicate (in great
detail) specific locations or detailed regulations. The plan will be long-range in the sense that it
will look beyond the foreground of current pressing and everyday development pressures and
will look to the perspective of problems and possibilities for 10 years in the future.
For planning purposes the preparation, adoption, and use of the Land Use Plan is considered to
be the primary objective of a planning program. Most other plans and planning actions by a
local government are designed, at least theoretically, to be based upon the Land Use Plan.
With the production of this Land Use Plan Update we will we look beyond day-to-day concerns
and take a thoughtful look at the Town's desired growth patterns for future land use development
activity. We will look at the data available on the economy, population, existing land use, and
natural resources. We will prepare a map which will describe the existing uses of land and we
will also prepare a map which will describe future desired growth patterns. With this
information in hand, development proposals can be examined in the light of existing services.
Requested uses of land may be viewed along side the vision of desired future growth, and the
interrelationships of the proposed development activity may be compared with existing
development. Services can also be analyzed with thought given toward the appropriateness of
project design.
Local government has a great deal of influence on how a community develops. The buildings,
facilities, and improvements provided by local government affect the daily lives of most citizens.
These same features give a form and a life to the community and can be a stimulus or an
impediment to the development of privately owned land in the area. The local government is
inescapably involved in questions on the physical development of land within the area of its
jurisdiction. At nearly every meeting the Town Council and the Planning Board will make
2

decisions concerning zoning, streets, sites for public buildings, or the allocation of funds for
public projects of one type or another. And for making these kinds of decisions the lay Boards
of local government need technical guidance. If the quickest and most expedient decision is
taken, without forethought, the local government leaders may find that they will make a decision
one month only to negate the premise of that decision next month because they are faced with
another decision and another quickie answer. If these type of decisions are made over an
extended period of time the local government may end up on a path that is not consistent with
the desired future of the Town. This type of circumstance may be avoided by planning. Leaders
are advised through this process to take a pro -active rather than a reactionary approach to
community development.
To do this the local government needs an instrument, a plan, which will establish long-range
general policies for the physical development of the community. With a plan decisions can be
made in a coordinated and unified manner. The Land Use Plan Update will provide the Town
with this sort of an instrument. It can be continually referred to as an important source for
decisions on those development issues which arise on a regular basis. Zoning classification
amendment requests, subdivision approval, the location of roads or highways, extension of
public services ..... all of these decisions are made in a manner which best serves the public
interest if some systematic planned approach to the decision process is made. The Land Use
Plan Update reflects current policy on future growth. The importance of this policy document,
as a tool for guiding future growth and development, should not be underestimated.
NAVASSA'S GOALS & OBJECTIVES
The Town of Navassa is a small northern Brunswick County Town with a great future stretched
out before it. Town leaders are interested in making Navassa an even better place to live and to
visit. It is the goal of Town leaders to provide affordable housing at a reasonable cost for all
citizens. The Town will continue to work with existing programs, such as the NC Department of
Commerce's CDBG program and the NC Housing Finance Agency program, and any other
programs existing (or to be created) which will make the provision of these opportunities
possible.
Navassa would like to enhance job opportunities for residents. The Town desires to attract shops
and stores in Town, to provide for citizens basic and daily needs and to provide jobs and income
for local citizens. Navassa is interested in attracting industry so that local people may become
employed in these industries. For the industry to be most desirable to Town residents, the
industry would be "light" and "clean." It is realized that street improvements are necessary to
help accomplish this goal. It is seen as imperative, however, that those streets which are now
primarily residential streets remain residential. Some changes in development pattern may be
necessary.
Town officials encourage the clean-up of some of the detritus left from the former industrial
residents of Navassa. Enforcement of local regulation to require such a clean up is expected. In
I

concert with the spirit of this effort Navassa would like to form a citizen's committee to deal
with beautification. A landscaping ordinance, a junked vehicle ordinance, an enlarged
waterfront park, sidewalks, and other attractions are all seen as a part of the future of this
community.
The Town wishes to enhance its natural beauty. The citizen's committee on beautification, once
formed and empowered by local residents, will deal with beautification from a broad standpoint.
Roadside pick-up of trash, clean up of waterways, and landscaping around Navassa's points of
interest will be among those things on the committee's agenda. The Town realizes that proper
environmental consideration must be given to any development along the shores and waterways
of North Carolina. The banks of the Cape Fear River and Sturgeon Creek are seen as areas of
opportunity, since it is anticipated that growth will occur in these areas, and since the Town
realizes their potential for development and their sensitive place in the ecology of the Town and
region.
It is the goal of Navassa that all area local governments will be cooperating on important issues
of mutual concern. This includes those issues related to water service, of course, and also to:
sewer service, the Cape Fear River, transportation issues, recreation issues, and others. Navassa
will seek to lobby regionally and throughout the State for programs and projects which will
provide for the betterment of life opportunities for citizens.
Navassa is growing towards a desirable future. The Town is experiencing and is effected by the
same growth as the rest of Brunswick County. Navassa has room to grow. Local officials
believe Navassa will experience dramatic and remarkable change during the next 10 years.
Section 1: ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
The first basic element of a Land Use Plan is the presentation and analysis of pertinent local
data. The purpose of this information is to establish the information base necessary to make
local policy choices about future land use and development in the community.
(1) ADMINISTRATION & FORM OF GOVERNMENT
The Town of Navassa was incorporated by the North Carolina General Assembly in 1977 and
vested with all the powers, rights, privileges and immunities enumerated in chapter 62 of volume
2 of the Code of North Carolina, entitled "Cities and Towns," and subject to the restrictions and
liabilities specified in the same not inconsistent with this act (Pr. L. 1899, c. 339, Sec. 1). The
officers of the Town consist of the Mayor and a five member Town Council. The Councilmen
have the right to pass rules and regulations governing the administration, growth, and orderly
development of the Town. The governing body is empowered to impose, levy and collect taxes
according to the laws governing such action which laws are imposed by the State of North
Carolina.
0

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1
The Town of Navassa was incorporated in 1977 with the Mayor -Council form of government.
This method of operation is still practiced in Navassa. The Mayor - Council form of
government (as provided in N.C.G.S. 160A, Article 7, Part 3.) is the original form of general
purpose local government in this country and it has been successfully employed from the
smallest colonial American Town to large modem Towns with million dollar budgets.
The primary advantage of this type of government is that it brings government closer to the
voters. That is, the people who have the responsibility of creating Town policy as well as
operating the gears of municipal government are directly elected by the citizens. Elected
officials are accountable for both administration and the oversight of municipal functions. A
weakness with this form of government is the lack of any real executive leader since decision
authority ultimately rests with the governing body as a group. Responsibility for operations is
shared by all members of the Town Council, which gives the municipality administration by
committee. Strong consistent direction depends on maintaining a general consensus.
This form of local government is the principal form used in North Carolina. It is particularly
predominate as a type of government for those local governments with a population of under
5,000 persons. In Navassa the Town Council consists of five elected members and the Mayor all
of whom are elected by direct vote of the people. As with most municipalities, the governing
board in Navassa is elected on a nonpartisan basis and at large by all of the Town's qualified
voters. Terms of office for the Navassa Town Council are four years and are staggered.
The North Carolina General Statutes require the following officers to be appointed by a
municipal government:
• TOWN CLERK — The clerk is responsible for giving the proper notices of regular and
special meetings of the governing board, keeping an accurate record of the board's proceedings
and being the custodian of all Town records.
• BUDGET OFFICER — The budget officer receives budget requests and ensures municipal
compliance with budget preparation and administrative requirements required by the General
Statutes. In the Mayor - Council form of government any Town officer or employee, including
the Mayor (if he agrees), may serve as budget officer.
• FINANCE OFFICER — The finance officer keeps the accounts and disburses Town ftmds
consistent with the General Statutes. These duties may also be conferred upon the budget
officer.
• ATTORNEY— The attorney serves as the legal advisor to the Board. She serves at the
pleasure of the Board.
• TAX COLLECTOR — The tax collector has the responsibility for collecting property and
all other taxes due a municipality and to fulfill the obligations imposed by the General Statutes

on tax collection. Any officer or employee can be appointed tax collector except a member of
the governing body. The finance officer may be appointed to that office only with the consent
of the Local Government Commission. The tax collection for the Town of Navassa is done by
the Brunswick County Tax Office.
The Town of Navassa has seven employees (as follows):
❑ 1- Town Clerk
❑ 1-Police Chief
❑ 2-Police Officers
❑ 1-Secretary, Police Department
❑ 1-Supervisory Maintenance Worker, Public Works Department
❑ 1-Maintenance Worker, Public Works Department
The Town's employees are within three Departments: (1) Administration; (2) Public Safety; and
(3) Public Works.
IThe Town's chief administrative officer is the Town Clerk. In Navassa the Clerk handles the
day-to-day affairs of municipal government, serves as a receptionist, a billing clerk, and wears
whatever hat is necessary at any given moment.
IThe Public Works Department employs a Supervisory Maintenance Worker and a Maintenance
Worker. They perform maintenance and clean-up duties in and around Town. These duties
include sign installation, trimming shrubs, mechanical work, and other duties as assigned. The
Public Works Department has an office in back of Town hall and uses this space for storage of
equipment and office related matters. The Public Works Department has a dump truck and a
compactor truck. Miscellaneous smaller equipment is also housed there.
IThe Public Safety/Police Department has a Chief and 2 officers. The Navassa Police
Department owns 2 patrol cars and 3 unmarked vehicles. All five of these cars are late model
vehicles. Whenever necessary, the Brunswick Couxtty Sheriffs Department acts as back-up for
the Town's Police force.
The basic administration plan in Navassa is direct supervision. In this situation the governing
Board appoints and removes all Department heads. This style of governance seems to fit the
Town. In this situation, the Board is ultimately responsible for the operation of all Town
Departments and activities. This plan is well suited for small Towns and seems to work well in
Navassa. This method of operation can be a cumbersome means of handling the administrative
function if a municipality has many departments.
Inspections service (including building code enforcement and public health) in Navassa are
provided by Brunswick County inspectors through an agreement between the County and the
municipality. A Town Council member, and Planning Board Chairman, currently serves as the
Zoning Administrator and Subdivision Administrator for Navassa.
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I,J
The Navassa Town Attorney regularly attends all Town Council meeting and advises the
municipality on legal matters.
The Town has no existing contract with an engineer. As necessary, the Town of Navassa sends
out a request for proposals and makes a decision based on the proposals received.
The Town of Navassa is a member of Cape Fear Council of Governments and the League of
Municipalities.
The Navassa Town Hall was constructed in the Year 1981. The property on which Town Hall
sits was acquired fee simple by purchase. The Town's office hours are 8:30 a.m. until 5:00 p.m.
Monday through Friday. All Town offices are housed at 334 Main Street. Regular meetings of
the Navassa Town Council are on the 3`d Thursday of each month at 7:30 p.m. The Planning
Board meets on the 3`d Wednesday of each month also at 7:30 p.m. Meetings are held at Town
Hall in the conference room. The capacity for the room is 20-25 persons. When larger meetings
are anticipated they may be held at the Fire Department, which is located at 336 Main Street.
_L-
The Town of Navassa has volunteer fire and rescue service.
(2) ESTABLISHMENT OF INFORMATION BASE
This 1999 Land Use Plan for the Town of Navassa is produced for the Town, and at the request
of the Town, and is being prepared according to a set of "Planning Guidelines" as required by
NC State law. The Plan is prepared according to the guidelines and requirements of the North
Carolina Coastal Resources Commission and the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA). The
specific requirements for the document are within the North Carolina Administrative Code at
Subchapter 7B of Chapter 15A. The version of 15A NCAC 7B pertinent to the preparation of
this document is dated March 5, 1996.
This Land Use Plan Update will serve to guide the Town of Navassa on development decisions.
It is recognized that land development takes place as a result of a series of decisions by private
individuals and government. These decisions are not discrete and separate from all else. Almost
every decision by Town government affects more than just a few people. These decisions, if
they are not considered rationally prior to a local government being confronted with a
development request, may not be in the overall interest of the community. So as to promote
community interest for the present and future generations, a Land Use Plan is developed and
kept current by local governments.
The process of Land Use Plan development includes the collection of data at the beginning of
the process to give local government leaders the opportunity to understand current or existing
conditions. It is recognized that from a cognitive standpoint there are probably no others in the
community who understand current issues better than the elected officials and appointed boards
of local government. However, these individuals often find, when having placed before them a
7

comprehensive view of the community elicited through the Land Use Planning process, new
insights to development issues. The compilation and analysis of data is a part of the process
herein rendered.
The Town will, through the process of developing this Land Use Plan Update, adopt policies to
guide and direct community growth. It is incumbent upon all community leaders to recognize
that many decisions affecting development are made by other levels of government. Local
policies and local regulations need to take this into account. By carefully addressing the Land
Use Planning Guidelines requirements, the Town gives guidance to individuals and other levels
of government who will strive to follow local policies dealing with locally important or
controversial issues. State and federal agencies will be advised to use the contents of this Plan in
making consistency, funding, and permit decisions. Policies on the type of development desired,
density of development projects, protection of resources, and other areas are examples of this
type of local policy decision.
The Town of Navassa Land Use Plan Update provides the following basic elements:
✓ Introduction;
✓ Statement of Navassa's Goals & Objectives;
✓ Analysis of Existing Conditions;
✓ Constraints to Development;
✓ Estimated Demand;
✓ Policies for Growth and Development;
✓ Continuing Public Participation;
✓ Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery, & Evacuation Plans;
✓ Land Classification;
✓ Relationship of Policies and Land Classification;
✓ Intergovernmental Coordination and Implementation; and
✓ Executive Summary
The Town of Navassa, in concert with the Coastal Resources Commission, require a broad range
of policy topics to be addressed in each Land Use Plan. The following policy issue areas are
addressed:
✓ Resource Protection
✓ Resources Production and Management
✓ Economic and Community Development
To gather the information required as a part of the Land Use Plan development process requires
assistance from a large number of State, federal, and local agency personnel and documents.
Shown following is a summary of some of the major sources and documents utilized during the
preparation of this Plan.
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✓
NC Division of Coastal Management
✓
NC Division of Water Quality
✓
NC Division of Air Quality
✓
NC Division of Groundwater
✓
NC Division of Community Assistance
✓
US Army Corps of Engineers
✓
1993 Town of Navassa Sketch Land Use Plan Update
✓
Brunswick County Planning Department
✓
Federal Emergency Management Agency
✓
NC Division of Archives and History
✓
✓
US Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service
Brunswick County Land Use Plan Update
✓
NC Department of Transportation
✓
✓
NC Division of Parks and Recreation
Town of Navassa Staff
✓
Brunswick County Schools
✓
Brunswick County Thoroughfare Plan
✓
NC Office of State Planning
The Town of Navassa recognizes that land use planning is a continuous process. Changes in
development activity are regular and sometimes rapid. The Town of Navassa has dealt with
development proposals well. As a result of having recently worked on some rather large and
complicated development proposals, the Town realizes the need for planning and the importance
of having a vision for the future.
(3) A BRIEF HISTORY' OF NAVASSA, BRUNSWICK COUNTY
Brunswick County consists of 550,713' acres (or 860.49 (+-) square miles). This County is 71' in
size in North Carolina. This is a County in the throes of long-term change. Over the last 20
years' development has changed the character of this County. The sleepy small County in the
' Information on history inserted in the Land Use Plan is from a text entitled The History
of Brunswick County North Carolina, by Lawrence Lee. The book was copyrighted in 1980, by
Brunswick County, and was printed by Heritage Press, Charlotte, NC. Also used as source
information was a book, entitled Navassa: The Town & Its People Q 735-1991), by Eulis A.
Willis (a native of Navassa). The book was copyrighted in 1993. Additional information was
gathered from a document entitled Soil Survey of Brunswick County, North Carolina, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1986.
NC Office of State Planning.
s Population has increased from 35,777 in 1980 to 62,856 today (1996).
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southeast has become a bustling center of business, a home to many new residents, and a
thriving tourist destination center.
The changes continue. Former woodlands and farms are becoming residential lots and centers
for commerce. Many of the changes brought to Brunswick County in recent years due to
development have been in the southeast. Navassa and the other municipalities of northern
Brunswick County, which are close to the major population center of Wilmington, appear to be
in a position where the continuing growth of Brunswick County will influence the day-to-day
lives of citizens.
To understand where we are now, it is often instructive to take a look back. A few things we
realize ........ Brunswick County originated as a separate political subdivision on March 9, 1764,
when Arthur Dobbs, the royal governor of North Carolina, appeared before the General
Assembly of the province and gave approval to "An Act for erecting part of St. Phillip's Parish,
in New Hanover County, and the lower part of Bladen County, into a separate County, by the
name of Brunswick County ......." This Act created Brunswick County.
As with all other areas of North Carolina, Brunswick County is hot and humid during the
summer. The eastern portion of the County is frequently cooled during the warm weather
months by sea and river breezes. Winters are cool, comparatively, with brief cold spells 5.
Annual precipitation in Brunswick County is not excessive and it is adequate for all crops.
Brunswick County is in the lower coastal plain region of North Carolina and County elevation
ranges from sea level to a height of 75 feet. The Cape Fear River and Atlantic Ocean form the
easternmost boundaries of Brunswick County. (New Hanover County contains a small portion
of Eagle Island on the west bank of the Cape Fear River.) To the west Brunswick County
includes an area known as the Green Swamp. The Green Swamp is an area of approximately
175,000 acres. The eastern side of this swamp is drained by the Cape Fear River and the west by
the Waccamaw River.
The Leland and Navassa areas were initially settled quite early (at the same time the earliest
plantations along the Cape Fear and Brunswick Rivers' came into existence.) Early Navassa
4 The average summer temperature is 78 degrees F. The average daily maximum
temperature is 86 degrees.
5 The winter average temperature is 47 degrees F, and the average daily minimum
temperature is 37 degrees.
' Early deeds referred to the Brunswick River as the "Thoroughfare." The Brunswick
River was also known as Hilton's River. This from William Hilton who, on August 14, 1662,
left Massachusetts Bay Colony, aboard his ship — Adventure — to investigate the suitability of
"Cape Feare and more southern parts of Florida" for their suitability as places of settlement and
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activity revolved around local industry, commercial entities supporting industry and the workers,
the Navassa Post Office, the school, the grocery, the railroad, the churches, and numerous
homes. For many years both Navassa and Leland were amongst those unincorporated
communities throughout Brunswick County which served as centers of trade throughout the
early 20`t' century.
Due to its location adjacent the Brunswick and Cape Fear Rivers, Navassa served as an early
industrial and transportation center. By modern standards the early roads in the area were
primitive. The railroad bridge was a primary means for the transportation of freight. There
were also early ferries in place across the
Brunswick River and across the Cape Fear
River to travelers going north and south.
The Brunswick River actually received a
bridge before the Cape Fear River (in 1890).
The Brunswick River causeway, across
Eagle Island, was always known as a
problem area because of the wetness of the
soil and swamps between the two Rivers.
By 1923 the road from the Brunswick River
through Leland had been hard surfaced and was known as State Road #20.
By far the most important early industry in Navassa was the Navassa Guano Company'
established in 1869. (The picture to the left is the Navassa Guano Company circa 1905, from
NC Sea Grant, Coastwatch, early summer 1998.) The story of Navassa and the guano fertilizer
boom that swept America in the 19' century are forever intertwined. Guano, or dung, originally
meant only the dried excrement of seabirds. The guano mined for processing at the early
Navassa Guano Company was from Navassa Island, which was a tiny limestone island between
Jamaica and Haiti. The guano at Navassa was calcium phosphate and limestone produced from
the tectonic uplifting of coral reefs. Though not as rich in minerals as some other sources,
notably, at that time, Peruvian guano (bird droppings), Navassa Island guano was cheaper. This
was an important consideration in the post Civil War south. The export/import trade flourished
for approximately 20 years. Navassa Island was not mined after 1898 but the company
continued to prosper. Guano, originally only bird droppings, became synonymous with any type
of manure. By 1912 the company employed about 300 workers and produced 50,000 to 60,000
tons of fertilizer a year. The fertilizer industry, led by the Navassa Guano Company and eleven
commerce. Interest-ngly, as a part of his record Mr. Hilton noted that small vessels could easily
proceed up the'Moroughfare" but the trunks of fallen trees and other debris limited navigation
for larger vessels.
' The Navassa Guano Company was established by a group of Wilmington businessmen.
Seagoing vessels carried lumber and naval stores to the Carribean. The return cargo was guano.
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other less notable area fertilizer factories, became the most important industry in Wilmington'.
Navassa was fortunate to have (early on) established an identity and maintained it. This was
possible, primarily because of the industry and the railroads running through Town. Another
contributor has been the maintenance of a Navassa Post Office.
Early Post Offices were usually in a little country store or in the postmaster's home. As need
arose, the Post Office Department would appoint the Postmaster and a name would be decided
upon. The first U.S. Post Office in Navassa was started July 29, 1875, by Joseph Fry. (This
first Post Office preceded the Leland Post Office by 23 years.) It was established at an area
known as Meares Bluff. For reasons lost to history, in 1886, postal service to the Meares Bluff
area was discontinued. In 1903 service to the area was resumed by Mr. Simeon D. Chinnis.
When Chinnis began service the place name given was Navassa.' It has so remained.
The Town of Navassa is located in the northern area of Brunswick County. The natural
boundaries of the Town include the Cape Fear River to the north, the Brunswick River to the
east, and Sturgeon Creek to the south. Navassa was incorporated in 1977. Significant events
since incorporation include: 1978 -Completion of Phase I of Water Project (providing public
drinking water to 90% of residents),1980—Completed Phase I of Navassa Park (completed
ballfield),1981—Completed the Navassa Town Hall,1982—Started the annual Navassa
Homecoming Parade,1984—Started the Navassa Volunteer Fire Department & Rescue Squad,
1986---Started the community rehabilitation program including paving 5 miles of streets (also
completed Phase II of the Navassa Park),1987—Completed Phase III of the Water Project (tall
water tank),1989—Started the Davis Creek Estuarine Access Project (completed Phase I in
1990),1990-✓Completed Navassa Fire Building,1991—Started Annual King Day Celebration.
(4) POPULATION
The most recent official State population figures for the Town of Navassa show the 1996 (July)
population as 519 persons. This number represents an increase of 16.6% in the years since
199010. If we increase by the same percentage for the next 2 years (1997 and 1998), the 1998
8 "The Guano Gospel," by David Cecelski, "Coastwatch," NC Sea Grant, Early Summer
1998. 1
' It is believed the place name was changed from Meares Bluff to Navassa so as to
differentiate Meares Bluff from Fair Bluff. It has been reported that Fair Bluff, a stopping point
some 30 miles west of Navassa, was all to often receiving packages intended for Navassa, and
vice versa, so the railroad started calling what we now know as Navassa by that name since the
Navassa Guano Company factory was located nearby.
10 1990 was the last U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, count.
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(July) population for Navassa is 54811. Brunswick County population, according to those same
official figures, has also grown dramatically since 1990. The total County population, estimated
as of 1996 (July), is 62, 856. See the Table #1 below.
Table #1 MUNICIPAL & BRUNSWICK COUNTY POPULATION
April 1980 Aril 1990 July 1996 % Change (1990-96)
Navassa 439 445 519 16.6%
Brunswick County 35,777 50,985 62,856 23.3%
Source: NC Office of State Planning
The population of Navassa is expected to continue to grow at this pace through the planning
period.
In Brunswick County, despite a rather large number of municipalities'', the percent of the
population living in active municipalities as of July, 1996, is 34.5% or 21,738 persons. Of the
Counties in Region O, only New Hanover County exceeds this percentage. If we break this
down by County for Region O (southeastern North Carolina), we get the following:
Table #2 PERCENT OF COUNTY POPULATION
LIVING IN A MUNICIPALITY — REGION O
® Brunswick 34.5% or 21,738 of 62,856
% Columbus 26.2% or 13,631 of 51,852
% New Hanover 49.9% or 71,561 of 143,430
% Pender 15.7% or 5,640 of 35,978
Source: NC Office of State Planning
Brunswick County is experiencing a trend of rapid population growth (at least since 1980").
This large County is rapidly becoming increasingly populated. Centers of this population
growth are in the east, southeast, and north. The growth is occurring around established
population centers such as Navassa/Leland/Belville and the area beach communities. It should be
pointed out that this is not a trend which is isolated to Brunswick County. The population in all
other Counties in southeastern North Carolina (Region O) is also growing. Not all of the
Counties in Region O are growing as fast, however, as Brunswick County.
The number of persons by (municipality) in Brunswick County is shown in Table #314.
Estimate based on information supplied by NC Office of State Planning. Estimate
prepared by Cape Fear Council of Governments.
'2 Brunswick County has 18 municipalities. No other County in the State of North
Carolina has this many municipalities.
13 Population growth in Brunswick County since 1980 has exceeded 75%.
" 1997 Pfigures population g g P ulation fi were issued during the update of this document. The official
figures from the NC Office of State Planning for 1997 are located in the Appendix to this
document. They are ATTACHMENT H.
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Table #3 NUMBER OF PERSONS BY MUNICIPALITY
BRUNSWICK COUNTY (1996)
Bald Head Island
92
Navassa
519
Belville
102
Northwest
752
Boiling Spring Lakes
2,124
Ocean Isle Beach
691
Bolivia
265
Sandy Creek
290
Calabash
1,561
Shallotte
1,234
Caswell Beach
220
Southport
2,562
Holden Beach
818
Sunset Beach
1,908
Leland
2,155
Varnamtown
481
Long Beach
5,072
Yaupon Beach
892
Brunswick County Total
62,85615
Source: NC UYlice of State Planning
The Town of Navassa is currently the twelfth largest municipality (of 18) in Brunswick County
and the twenty-fourth largest municipality (of 40) in Region O. As shown in Table #4 (below),
the historic trend on County and State population growth is interesting.
Table #4 BRUNSWICK COUNTY & STATE POPULATION
Aril 1980 April 1990 July 1996 % Change (1990-96)
Brunswick County 35,777 50,985 62,856 23.3%
North Carolina 5,880,095 6,632,448 7,323,085 10.4%
Source: NU Ultice of State Planning
As you see, the Brunswick County population growth rate (23.3% for 1990-96) exceeds the
aggregate growth rate for the entire State (10.4%) for the same period by a wide margin.
Natural growth, successful marketing strategies employed by development organizations and, of
course, the attractiveness of the area have focused attention on Navassa and the rest of
Brunswick County. The growth in municipal and County population is expected to continue.
As the population increases in Brunswick County the amount of land available for future
development decreases. (The number of persons per square mile increases with each increase in
the population.) Brunswick County is one of the largest Counties in North Carolina at 860.49
square miles. The majority of the population is in the north and eastern portions of the County.
The population density for the entire County (1996 estimate) is 73.1 persons per square mile. In
North Carolina we have 48,843 square miles. The density for the entire State (1996 estimated)
is 149.9 persons per square mile. The number of persons per square mile in Brunswick County
(73.1) is less than the aggregate number of persons per square mile for the rest of North Carolina
(149.9). In Brunswick County, there is room to continue to grow. This is shown in Table #5.
15 This total includes all County residents.
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Table #5 BRUNSWICK COUNTY & STATE POPULATION DENSITY
Land Area (Sq.. Mi.l 1980 1990 1996 % Change (1990-96)
Brunswick County 860.49 41.6 59.3 73.1 23.2%
North Carolina 48,843 120.4 135.8 149.9 8.46%
Source: NC Office of State Planning
As will be shown later, there is also space for continuing growth in Navassa.
Population projections for the planning period will be shown in the Land Use Plan section on
Estimated Demand.
I(5) ECONOMY
The economy of a small Town is extremely important to its continuing growth and development.
The reason economy is such a crucial part of a Town's Land Use Plan is that the effectiveness of
any physical plans for development are almost totally dependant on economic development.
According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, the latest count of the number of employees in
Brunswick County was in March of 199516. Those numbers indicated a total of 14,256
employees with 1,461 business establishments having been counted. The total annual payroll (in
thousands of $'s) was $339,497. The average annual wage in Brunswick County (1995) was
$21,987.
The per capita income for Brunswick County (in 1994) was $15,516". The per capita income
for Navassa in 1989 (last date taken) was $6,588 ". The poverty rate (in 199019) in Brunswick
County was 15.4%. The unemployment rate for 1996 was 7.3%20. The median household2'
16 This information is contained on a compact disc entitled "County Business Patterns
1994 & 1995," issued in November 1997 (CD-CBP-94/95).
17 NC Office of State Planning (http://www.ospl.state.nc.us/econscan/brunswic.pdf)
" US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census
19 NC Office of State Planning (http://www.ospl.state.nc.us/econscan/brunswic.pdf)
211 Ibid.
21 Households are all persons except those persons in group quarters or on the street.
P P p g P
This category consists of all occupied dwellings (except group quarters) which do not fit either
of the other 2 categories.
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income in Navassa (1989) was $20,000. The median family" income in Navassa for 1989 was
$21,406. The median nonfamily'3 income in Navassa for 1989 was $9,317. The percent of (all)
persons below poverty level in Navassa (in 1989) was 20.1%'.
The ten largest private employers in Brunswick County (1997) are:
Name
•E. I. Dupont De Nemours & Co., Inc.
•Carolina Power & Light Co.
*Bald Head Island Management, Inc.
*Carolina Stevedoring Co., Inc.
*Sea Trail Corporation
•Brunswick Hospital
*Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
*Sloane Realty of Ocean
*Archer -Daniels -Midland Co.
*Brunswick Cove, Inc.
Indusft Type (# of Employ)
Manufacturing (1,000 & over)
Transport, Comm. & Utilities (1,000 & over)
Financial & Real Estate (250499)
Transport, Comm. & Utilities (250-499)
Financial & Real Estate (250499)
Services (250499)
Retail Trade (100-249)
Real Estate (100-249)
Manufacturing (100-249)
Services (100-249)
Of those persons employed in Brunswick County, the five largest types of jobs are indicated
below26:
N —Retail Trade N —Services a —Manufacturing N —Transportation ® --Construction
In Navassa in 1990 there were 305 persons 16 years of age and over". Of these, 186 were in the
labor force. Of these, 186 were civilians. 162 were employed. 24 were unemployed (12.9%).
119 were not in the labor force.
'-' Families consist of persons living together with a relationship by blood, marriage, or
adoption.
23 Nonfamily households consist of persons not related. These may be persons living
alone, with a partner or roommate, or group quarters. Nationwide nonfamily households make
up approximately 30% of all households.
' US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census
2
5 NC Employment Security Commission, 1997, Third Quarter --�
http:/www.esc.state.nc.us/Imi/largest/topten.
'b NC State Data Center.
'-' US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census
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Table #6 TYPE OF INDUSTRY
Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
0
Mining
0
Construction
11
Manufacturing, nondurable goods
14
Manufacturing, durable goods
18
Transportation
5
Communication and other public utilities
5
Wholesale trade
13
Retail trade
27
Finance, insurance, and real estate
2
Business and repair services
11
Personal services
12
Entertainment and recreation services
0
Health services
14
Education services
18
Other professional and related services
5
Public administration
7
TOTAL
162
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1990
It is believed that the types of employment within the Town of Navassa have not changed
drastically since the 1990 U.S. Census was conducted. Navassa is a bedroom community. There
are only 2 commercial establishments existing in Town.
Information on the class of worker (public, private, self-employed) is in Table #7, which
follows:
Table #7 CLASS OF WORKER
Private wage and salary worker
120
Government worker
39
Local 27
State 11
Federal 1
Self employed
TTnpnid farnflV worker
3
n
TOTAL
162
Source: U.J. Department of Uommerce, bureau of the census, 199U
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The Town of Navassa charges no privilege license tax. This is a three level tax that the State,
County, and Town often all levy on the same business activity. The tax is levied on the privilege
of engaging in a particular occupation or business activity within the taxing jurisdiction and is
enforced and collected through the issuance of an annual license. The statute which enables the
levy of this tax is N.C.G.S. 105-33 through 105-113. A Town which wishes to levy this tax
must adopt an ordinance levying the tax. The Ordinance lists the activities taxed and the tax
rates. The privilege license tax is a revenue generating measure, however, this tax is not used to
regulate otherwise legitimate businesses.
The Town of Navassa understands that economic trends are indicated by a variety of criteria.
The North Carolina Department of Commerce gives seven basic criteria by which economic
health of an area may be measured:
(1) Average age of industrial plants,
(2) Change in population,
(3) Change in employment,
(4) Net migration,
(5) Change in real wages,
(6) Rate of business failure, and
(7) Rate of new business activity.
As a result of positive movement on most of these indicators, it appears that Navassa is an
economically healthy community. Navassa is, however, a relatively poor community. The
position of nearby Leland as a retail trade center for north Brunswick County and the region
seems secure. The economic strength of Leland and the area, as shown from new businesses and
planned residential expansion (with ever more people moving to the area), will have spillover
effects which will also improve the situation in Navassa. Navassa eagerly anticipates the
positive changes the future will bring.
(6) SEASONAL POPULATION
Seasonal population (whether resident or visiting) is not an important consideration for the Town
of Navassa. This is a very important figure for nearby resort communities because local
government must plan to serve the large number of people who may visit during the height of
vacation season. The population of Navassa currently experiences no appreciable seasonal
changes whatsoever. No seasonal changes are anticipated during the planning period.
(7) EXISTING WATER & LAND USE
The purpose of discussing water and existing land uses in a Land Use Plan is to provide
information on those existing resources and developments within a local government's planning
jurisdiction and to show what will need to be preserved along with development and to use this
information to guide future development activity and patterns. This information is fundamental
to the preparation of a Land Use Plan.
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(a) Water
The evolution of water quality regulations is an interesting study in the balance, dynamics, and
interactions of several factors including population growth, standards of living, technological
developments, food demands, urbanization, transportation changes, and industrialization over the
last century.
The first transition in the regulatory emphasis from protecting water quality for navigation and
commerce in the federal waterway regulations enacted in the late 1800's, to mandating water
quality protection for the purpose of sustaining life supporting conditions occurred in the late
1900's. The second transition involves a shift in society's perspective, from the historical view
of waterways as ceaseless resources, to recognizing that the abilities of waters to renew their
qualities are limited, and become stressed under the magnitude and complex demands of a
changing and growing society. The third transition is the shift in management responsibilities
for water quality, which has come nearly full circle over the past 100 years. The federal
government has delegated much of its enforcement authority for water quality protection, which
it began assuming from local authorities in the late 1800's, to the States, who have in turn placed
considerable responsibilities back on local governments for the administration of water control
programs''
.
From a historic perspective, flowing waters have received waste from time immemorial. With
the rise of population centers in the late 1800's, floating wastes threatened to obstruct the
transportation of goods. The federal government began addressing the practice with the passage
of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, which regulated the depositing of solid wastes into
waterways and regulated construction projects in navigation channels. The Oil Pollution Act of
1924, prohibiting vessels from discharging oil into coastal waters, marked a beginning in the
policy shift towards protection of water quality and aquatic life. This Act also assigned
enforcement responsibilities to the federal government when local pollution control efforts were
inadequate, and made available modest amounts of grant funds for the construction of
wastewater treatment facilities.
The rise of public attention on water quality issues in the 1960's resulted in the passage of the
Water Quality Act of 1965, which specified standards for interstate quality water. A flurry of
legislation and policy directives soon followed in the 1970's. The National Environmental
Policy Act of 1970 set in motion a broad set of changes in environmental protection policies,
including the type of issues to be addressed Environmental Impact Statements (EIS),
Environmental Assessments (EA), and Findings of No Significant Impact (FONSI), and led to
the rise of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
2' A Guide to North Carolina's Tidal Salt Water Classifications, November 1994,
prepared for the U.S. EPA and the NC Division of Environmental Management by Cape Fear
Council of Governments.
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The Water Pollution Control Act Amendments (Clean Water Act) of 1972, and the revised Act
of 1977, marked an important step in regulating water pollution. First, it increased the funding
levels available through the construction grants program for assisting in building treatment
plants. Second, it instituted technology based effluent standards as opposed to stream base
standards. Third, it established a national permit system for regulating point source discharges.
Most importantly, the Act established a national policy and specific goals for restoring and
maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological properties of the nation's fishable and
swimmable waters.
Several sections instituted programs under the Clean Water Act that significantly affect
development projects today, including Section 401, which requires water quality certification for
activities that may cause a discharge into navigable waters or wetlands; Section 402, which
established the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) for wastewater
discharge permits; and Section 404, which regulates the discharge of dredge and fill material
into navigable waters or wetlands. The evolution of the implementation of the Clean Water Act
was the shift in the enforcement and day-to-day administration of the programs from the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency to the States, and in the case of the NPDES program, to the
local governments.
Water quality protection at the State level began taking shape after WW II. By 1950, most
communities in North Carolina with populations greater than 2,500 were discharging either raw
or minimally treated sewage directly into the State's waterways. At the instruction of the 1951
General Assembly, the State Stream Sanitation Committee (now known as the Division of Water
Quality) began the formal development of North Carolina's water pollution control regulations.
The initial steps of the Committee were to survey the extent of water pollution and to prepare a
comprehensive water pollution program
The Committee also formulated a classification system for the State's surface waters based on
best usage criteria, which became the basis for the system used today. By 1963, water quality
standards and classifications were in place, and most surface waters were classified. The
classifications and standards have been modified over time. Today the surface saltwater
classifications system helps to protect the quality and usage of over 2 million acres (3,200 square
miles) of tidal saltwater estuaries, bays, and sounds. These large figures have included in the
count the Brunswick and Cape Fear Rivers and accompanying coastal wetlands.
Additional legislation followed over the years. This included the North Carolina Environmental
Policy Act in 1971 and the Coastal Area Management Act of 1974. The mandate for State and
local government management of natural resources was significantly strenghtened in the general
election of 1972 , which overwhelmingly approved an amendment to the State constitution,
which reads, in part, as follows:
"It shall be the policy of this State to conserve and protect its land
and waters for the benefit of all its citizenry, and to this end it shall
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be a proper function of the State of North Carolina and its political
subdivisions to acquire and preserve park, recreation, and scenic
areas, to control and limit the pollution of our air and water, to
control excessive noise, and in every other appropriate way to
preserve as apart of the common heritage of this State its forests,
wetlands, estuaries, beaches, historical sites, open land, and places
of beauty. "
As a strategy for the management of North Carolina's waters, the NC Division of Water Quality
(NC DWQ) assigns classifications to water bodies. The primary classifications are SC, SB, and
SA. This is a gradiated type scale whereby the NC DWQ assigns a classification based on the
measured qualities of the water in each area. Supplemental classifications (HQW -- High
Quality Waters, ORW — Outstanding Resource Waters, Sw — Swamp Waters, and NSW —
Nutrient Sensitive Waters) designation is also done, as appropriate, as a means of specifing the
properties of a water body which make it special. This is done so that these special properties,
once recognized, may be preserved through planning. The Brunswick River is classified
according to the primary classifications scheme as SC waters29. Sturgeon Creek is classified as
C Sw.
Waters classified as either SC (including C Sw) or C are suitable for secondary recreation type
activities, such as wading, fishing, boating and fish propagation. The HQW (High Quality
Waters) designation areas are areas which have excellent biological, physical, and chemical
characteristics. Areas designated SA are suitable for shellfish harvesting"
The Brunswick River at Navassa is classified by the NC Division of Marine Fisheries as a
primary nursery area (PNA). The various jurisdictional boundaries imposed by State agencies
sometimes give certain bodies of water a "joint waters" classification. The Brunswick River is
29 The Brunswick River is also classified as a "non -supporting water." This designation,
given by NC DWQ, indicates the stream is not meeting water quality standards. This is true for
the entire lower Cape Fear River since in summer the amount of oxygen in the river goes down
below the basic standard.
so The NC DWQ classifies waters for purposes of issuing discharge permits. The NC
Division of Marine Fisheries establishes, administers and enforces rules governing commercial
and recreational fishing in coastal waters, cultivation and harvesting of shellfish, and submerged
land claims. The NC Shellfish Sanitation Branch classifies coastal waters relative to their
quality and safety for harvesting shellfish, such as oysters and clams. The primary objective of
the Branch is the protection of public health. The Branch works with the Division of Marine
Fisheries to monitor and enforce water quality and use standards. The LUPUP reader should
recognize that when the NC DWQ says that waters classified SA may be used for shellfishing,
they also may not be used for shellfishing. Whether those waters are open to the taking of
shellfish or not is a decision which is left to another agency.
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"joint waters." This means the area has been designated not just as inland, by the NC Wildlife
Resources Commission, and not just as coastal or estuarine, by the NC Division of Marine
Fisheries, but since these waters have more than a simple function they are jointly controlled by
the regulatory agencies of State government. The waters of the Brunswick River are also a
public trust waters area of environmental concern (AEC).
Sturgeon Creek is classified as inland waters. This designation is given by the NC Wildlife
Resources Commission. (To some extent this designation is by default, since if a stream is not
estuarine waters it must be inland.) The line between inland waters and estuarine waters is
determined by the agency. Since no agency allows another agency to make this determination
on its behalf there must be an area or zone where both agencies standards will be imposed.
When the waters meet the standards for both agencies they are "joint waters." By definition, and
solely since they are "inland," the waters of Sturgeon Creek cannot serve as primary nursery
areas, though it is generally acknowledged that these areas, when close to PNA's, are transition
zones which probably function as PNA's.
Sturgeon Creek has been designated as a Natural Heritage Priority Area by the NC Division of
Parks & Recreation, Natural Heritage Program.
The entirety of northeastern Brunswick County is in the Cape Fear River Basin31. The entire
planning area for the Town of Navassa drains to the Cape Fear River.
Notable water uses within the planning jurisdiction of the Town of Navassa include the Davis
Creek Neighborhood Public Access. This recreation facility was funded for Navassa by the NC
Division of Coastal Management in 1989. The project was completed in 1990. The site is
owned by the Town of Navassa. Maintenance is provided by the Brunswick County Parks &
Recreation Department. Other notable waterfront features at Navassa include the railroad bridge
across the Cape Fear River. This bridge, located at that point of land where the Brunswick River
joins the Cape Fear River, has been serving area industry for over 100 years. The mouth of
Davis Creek is also the point where the City of Wilmington's water line crosses the Cape Fear
River.
fib, Land
An important part of the presentation of land use information is an Existing Land Use Map
which is prepared in the early stages of the Land Use Plan Update procesS12. This map gives a
graphic depiction of those existing land uses within the municipal planning jurisdiction at the
31 The southwestem portion of Brunswick County is in the Lumber River watershed.
3= The 1998 Existing Land Use Map is folded into the back of this document. The map
was prepared following a windshield survey by the Cape Fear Council of Governments on June
3, 1998.
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time the map was prepared.
The Town of Navassa is relatively small in land area. The Town is bounded by the Brunswick
River to the east, Sturgeon Creek (a tributary of the Brunswick River) to the south, and the Cape
Fear River to the north.
According to the 1990 U.S. Bureau of the Census, the total number of housing units in Navassa
was 151. Of these, 13 were reported vacant (therefore 8.6% of the Town's housing stock in
1990 was unoccupied), 23 were renter occupied, and 115 were owner occupied. The total
number of occupied homes in 1990 was 138.
A review and analysis of the age of housing in Navassa in 1990, from the U.S. Department of
Commerce, Bureau. of the Census, showed that 23.8% of the existing housing stock had been
constructed between the years 1980 and 1990. 21.8% was constructed between 1970-79. This
means that 45.6% of housing in Navassa was constructed after 1970.
Table #8 TOWN OF NAVASSA
HOUSING
AGE, 1990
1989—199033
1
1985 —
1988
14
1980 —
1984
21
1970 —
1979
33
1960 —
1969
23
1950 —
1959
25
1940
— 1949
13
1939
— or earlier
21
Total
151
Source: U.S. Devartment of Commerce.
1990
Building records were not kept separately for the Town of Navassa by Brunswick County for the
years since 1990. Brunswick County issued (and continues to issue) building permits for
construction. Those permits issued within the Town were not and are not kept separate.
Consequently, there is no distinction able to be made today, except to say that all of those with a
Navassa mailing address are shown as from Navassa according to Brunswick County records.
Table #12 shows the types of properties existing within Navassa on June 3, 1998.
" Data recorded through March of 1990. These houses are now eight years older. 1990
is the latest record of this information.
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Table #9 EXISTING LAND USES --
TOWN OF NAVASSA,1998
Single Family Houses
140
Manufactured Homes
70
Commercial Buildings
16
Churches
3
Source: Cape Fear Council of Governments Windshield Survev. June 3. 1998
In 1998 there are 210 homes in Navassa. If we consider the same number, by percentage, to be
unoccupied (as in 1990) then there are (8.6% or) 18 unoccupied homes (in 1998) and 192
occupied homes. This represents an increase of 54 occupied homes since 1990.
Of the total housing stock, in 1998, 33% are manufactured homes. 67% are conventional
structures.
As previously mentioned in Table #11, there were 151 housing units in Navassa in 1990. 13 of
these units were vacant. If we divide the number of persons residing in Navassa in 1990 (445)
by the number of occupied houses (138) we get an estimate of the number of persons per
household in Navassa. This figure equals 3.2234. If our current population figures are correct,
and the Town of Navassa now (1998) has 548 residents, we can take our number of persons per
household figure (3.22) and divide this into the number of residents (548) and we get an
estimated figure for the number of houses occupied in Navassa in 1998. That figure is 170.
Since we have recently counted (and analyzed the count) we know that there are 192 occupied
homes in Navassa. If each of these homes is occupied by 3.22 persons, we now may have a
population of 618 persons. This recent count and analysis of land use in Navassa gives fuel to
an argument that the State's official population figures for Navassa are low.
According to the NC Department of Labor35 the following values were given to construction in
Brunswick County during 1995, 1996, and 1997. (A breakdown of these values was,
unfortunately, not available for individual municipalities.) For 1995, there were 589 single
family dwellings constructed in Brunswick County. The cost of these single family residences
was $46,810,036. There were 102 multi -family units constructed in 1995 at a value of
$4,125,374. The total residential cost for 1995, including additions and alterations, was
$55,627,571. In 1996, there were 740 single family dwellings constructed. The cost was
$63,524,498. There were also 102 multi -family units constructed in 1996, at a value of
$4,119,515. The total residential cost for 1996, including additions and alterations, was
$68,759,825. In 1997, there were 721 single family dwellings constructed at a value of
" There is no reason to believe the number of persons per household figure has changed
since 1990.
31 Division of Occupational Safety & Health, MIE Bureau/Statistical Section, 319
Chapanoke Road, Suite 105, Raleigh, NC 27603-3432, Mr. Bennett Allen, 919.733.0337.

$57,406,301. There were 76 multi -family units constructed in 1997, at a value of $3,583,538.
The total residential cost for 1997, including additions and alterations, was $63,667,932.
Brunswick County non-residential construction was also impressive for 1995-97. As shown
below:
Total Non -Residential Units/A & A3' Total Non -Residential Cost
1995 198/38 $14,234,800
1996 112/7 $7,480,425
1997 211/40 $10,338,086
Residential and some commercial growth within the planning period for this LUPUP is expected
to continue. The Town of Navassa will seek to create a balance of housing available for all
persons. This is discussed in greater detail in the LUPUP section on policy.
1 (8) CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES AND REGULATIONS
As a part of Land Use Plan production the local government inventories and includes in the Plan
a summary of the existing plans, policies, and regulations import for development activity. A
listing of those items, and a summary of each, is given below:
• Navassa's Land Use Plan
The previous Land Use Plan for the Town of Navassa was adopted by the local government on
June 24, 199337. It was certified by the NC Coastal Resources Commission (NC CRC) on July
23, 1993. The previous Plan was prepared according to the NC CRC Land Use Planning
Guidelines (15A NCAC 7B) effective in 1989. The LUP has not been amended since its
adoption. The 1993 LUP gave policies for the growth and development of Navassa through the
period of time from its adoption until this document, the 1999 Land Use Plan Update, was
adopted.
• Zoning Ordinance
The Town's Zoning Ordinance was adopted pursuant to the authority vested in the Town by its
Charter and the General Statutes of North Carolina at Chapter 160A-381. The Zoning
Ordinance is effective within the Town's municipal limit. For details concerning this Ordinance
interested parties may call the Town of Navassa and ask for the Zoning Administrator. Changes
and amendments to the existing Ordinance are possible. All amendments or changes to the
ts6 Total number of additions and alterations (A & A) for the year shown.
The Plan in place prior to the current Plan of record was a Sketch Land Use Plan
Update, adopted locally June 16, 1988, and adopted by the CRC on June 29, 1988.
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Ordinance will be reviewed by the Planning Board. Proposed changes will receive a
recommendation from the Planning Board and will then be considered by the Town Council.
Actions taken to amend the Ordinance will be in accord with the requirements of the NC General
Statutes. The Zoning Ordinance affects the use of all land within Town limits.
• Subdivision Regulations
This Ordinance establishes procedures for the subdivision and development of land within the
planning jurisdiction of the Town of Navassa. (This Ordinance is consistent with N.C.G.S.
160A-371.) The Subdivision Regulations provide for orderly growth, for the coordination of the
streets and highways of a proposed subdivision with existing or planned streets and highways
and with other public facilities, for the dedication or reservation of recreation areas serving
residents of the immediate neighborhood within the subdivision and rights -of -way or easements
for streets or utilities purposes, for the distribution of population and traffic in a manner that will
avoid congestion and overcrowding and will create conditions essential to the public health,
safety, and the general welfare. A the time of adoption the Subdivision Regulations in Navassa
were the same as to requirements as the Subdivision Regulations for Brunswick County. Since
adoption, due to changes by the County (Navassa's Ordinance has not been amended) there are
some differences. For details concerning this Ordinance interested parties may call the Town of
Navassa and ask for the Subdivision Administrator.
• Storm Surge Innundation Areas38
The Town of Navassa is not a participating member of the Federal Flood Insurance Program.
The Storm Surge Inundation Areas Map which is a part of this Land Use Plan gives a
generalized pictures of those areas which may be threatened by flood. The policy section of this
document recommends that the Town become a participating member in the FEMA (Federal
Emergency Management Agency) National Flood Insurance Program. Interested parties should
call FEMA at 1-800-358-9616 or (404) 8534200.
• Navassa Planning Board
Most North Carolina Towns with any kind of land use regulation have a Planning Board. The
Town of Navassa follows this trend. The duties of the Planning Board are advisory. The Board
supervises the preparation of Land Use Plans (such as this document), special studies,
Ordinances, and recommends these plans, policies, studies, and Ordinances to the Town Council
The Planing Board in Navassa is governed by a set of Bylaws which define the following:
38 Storm surge inundation areas are shown on the map as areas along all streams within
the Town of Navassa.
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(1) Members and terms of office...
The Planning Board consists of five members. All of the members are citizens and residents of
the Town and are appointed by the Town Council. All new terms are by three year appointment.
(2) Officers and duties...
The Planning Board elects a Chairman and Vice Chairman at the regular meeting in July of each
year. Duties of the Planning Board officers are: (a) Chairman — The Chairman presides over
meetings and Public Hearings of the Planning Board. The Chairman decides on matters of order
and procedure. The Chairman appoints Committees to study specific matters. The Chairman
develops the meeting agenda with assistance from the Town Clerk. The Chairman will also
provide the Town Council with an annual report each year. (b) Vice -Chairman — In the absence
of the Chairman, the Vice -Chairman performs the duties assigned to the Chairman. (c)
Secretary — The Secretary keeps the minutes of all meetings (both regular and special) and
hearings called by the Planning Board. Staff (the Town Clerk) after conferring with the
Chairman, sends notices of all meetings (special and regular) in advance of the meeting and will
call and notify members at least 24 hours in advance of special or emergency meetings. Staff
also carries on routine correspondence and maintains records and files.
(3) Meetings...
Regular meetings of the Planning Board are on the 3`d Wednesday of each month. Unless special
notice is given by the Chairman all meetings begin at 7:30 p.m. and are conducted at Town Hall.
Special meetings may be called by the Chairman, or the Vice -Chairman acting in the absence of
the Chairman, provided that a minimum of 24 hours notice is given to members. A quorum
consists of 3 members. A vote by a majority of those present (when a quorum is present)
decides matters. Members are required to vote unless excused by the Chairman. An abstention
constitutes an affirmative vote. Proceedings are conducted according to Robert's Rules of Order
and the Chairman is the final arbitrator on matters of procedure.
(4) Records retention...
All Planning Board records are to be made available to the public in accordance with the
requirements of the North Carolina General Statutes. Town staff maintains a file of all studies,
plans, reports, recommendations, minutes, and correspondence of the Planning Board. The file
is maintained at Town Hall.
• Navassa Board of Adjustment
The Board of Adjustment has 3 basic responsibilities under North Carolina law:
(1) It interprets the Ordinance. This refers to the Board's function of hearing appeals from those who
may be unhappy with a decision of the Zoning Administrator.
(2) The Board of Adjustment may, under certain circumstances, grant variances to the Zoning
Ordinance.
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(3) It may also issue special use permits19.
The Town of Navassa Board of Adjustment is the Town Council. The Board of Adjustment
does not hold regularly scheduled meetings. Meetings are called as necessary and each member
must be given 48 hours notice prior to the meeting. Meetings are to be held as soon as possible
after receiving the application for appeal or hearing. Meetings should not be held more than 30
days after receipt of the application. Meetings are held at Town Hall. A four -fifths vote of the
Board of Adjustment is required to overturn a decision or to grant a variance.
Decisions from the Board of Adjustment are given no later than 30 days from the date of the
Hearing.
• Town of Navassa Procedures Manual
A document entitled The Board Member Manual, dated 1991, outlines operating procedures for
the Town of Navassa Town Council.
• Annexation Policy
The Town of Navassa policy on annexation is to allow voluntary annexation as requested (by
petition). It is the position of the Town of Navassa that all annexations will be possible only as
allowed by the NC General Statutes. In each instance the required studies will be produced as
required by law before action is taken by the Town.
• Thoroughfare Plan for the Town of Navassa
The Town of Navassa is considered a part of the Wilmington Urban Area for transportation
planning purposes. As a result of this designation the following governmental bodies have
joined for the purpose of providing a continuous transportation planning effort: Navassa, Leland,
New Hanover County, Brunswick County, Wrightsville Beach, Belville, and the City of
Wilmington. A Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) made up of the Technical
Coordinating Committee (TCC) and the Transportation Advisory Committee (TAC) is
responsible for guiding the transportation planning process for the Greater Wilmington
Metropolitan Area. One of the main duties of the MPO is to develop and implement the
Transportation Plan. The Transportation Plan is based on the anticipated growth of the area. It
is realized that anticpated growth may differ from actual growth rates. In recognition of this and
as a result of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Act of 1991 (ISTEA), it is expected that the
plan will be re-evaluated every 5 years.
The Transportation Plan was prepared by the Statewide Planning Branch, Division of Highways,
" This third provision is not applicable to the Town of Navassa. It is legally used by
other municipalities in North Carolina.

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NC Department of Transportation, in cooperation those local governments with jurisdiction in
the area studied, and the Federal Highway Administration, and the U.S. Department of
Transportation. The Project Engineer was Mike Bruff (P.E. seal # 18446). The Transportation
Engineer was Paul Koch (P.E. seal #20188). The Transportation Plan was approved March 18,
1997. The purpose of this study is to enable the urban street system to progressively and
efficiently develop to adequately service future traffic demands. Improvements recommended
by this document are underway at this writing.
• Minimum Housing Code
The Town of Navassa has in effect a Minimum Housing Code. This Code, which was prepared
in accordance with N.C.G.S. 160A441, declares that buildings which are unfit for human
habitation may be caused to be repaired or may be caused to be destroyed at the expense of the
owner of the -property if the structure does not meet certain minimum standards which are listed
in the text of the Code.
• Town Boundaries
The Town of Navassa's official map is kept at Town Hall. This map shows the municipal limit
line. This area comprises the full extent of the direct planning and land use authority for the
tTown of Navassa. The map may be viewed by contacting the Town's Zoning Administrator.
(9) AREAS OF SIGNIFICANT LAND USE CHANGE
It is a relatively rare thing when a local government experiences a dramatic change within a five
year period. This is not an unheard of event, however, as very large changes do, indeed, happen.
More often the changes, from a day-to-day perspective, seem slow. A new business moves into
Town. A new house gets built ..... and then another. None of this seems remarkable or unique.
j Over time ..... and in the aggregate ..... each of these small changes has its impact. More traffic
in Town ..... more pavement and less trees ..... more signs in and around Town ..... a potential for
some drainage problems due to an increase in the amount of impervious surfaces ..... these are all
changes which can and do happen as a result of development. On the other hand ..... the closing
of a large manufacturing facility will also bring about changes of another sort. Less traffic, out -
migration, the failure of other businesses ..... these are also the result of an area experiencing
change.
In Navassa, since the last Land Use Plan Update in 1993, there have been few changes. A few
' new houses have been built. With the construction of these new housing units the population has
also grown. The increase has been slow but steady. Two new businesses have opened in Town
since 1993.
Those areas of Navassa's planning jurisdiction which have experienced significant land use
change since the last Land Use Plan are largely those areas of vacant land which have become
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developed. The Town will continue to see change through the planning period. Requests to
modify the use standards, density and height requirements in the Zoning Ordinance are expected.
In order to better manage the growth expected within the ten year planning period of this
document the Town will revise the current ordinances following the completion of the Land Use
Plan. Annexation is expected, including satellitte annexation, within the planning period.
The approval of the Wilmington Metropolitan Area Thoroughfare Plan on March 18, 1997, will
be important for the future of transportation in Navassa's planning jurisdiction.
Section 2: CONSTRAINTS TO DEVELOPMENT
In consideration of the appropriateness of certain lands within Navassa's jurisdiction for
development activity, and as a means for analyzing the appropriate development potential of
lands winthin the community, we herein consider constraints to development. The areas
considered in this section include land suitablity constraints, carrying capacity constraints (of the
landy', and cultural resource type constraints. There are three man-made hazardous areas (U.S.
EPA Superfund Sites) within Navassa's Town limits which should be recognized as present in
the planning of future development. There are, however, no currently operating man-made
hazardous facilities which would be appropriate to consider in development planning (e.g.,
chemical storage areas, airports, tank farms, arms depots, toxic industrial waste output, etc.)
Infrastructure constraints will be considered under the section titled Estimated Demand.
(1) LAND SUITABILITY
Development in a community such as Navassa is often limited by constraints, or factors which
preclude or place some restrictions on development opportunities. The categories listed in this
section describe the qualities of these various areas. Implications for development in these areas
is discussed in the LUPUP section on Policies for Growth and Development.
(a) Fragile Areas
Fragile areas are areas which could easily be destroyed or damaged by inappropriate or poorly
planned development. Some of these areas, as noted below, are located within the Town of
Navassa. Policies to protect these areas are discussed in the Land Use Plan Update section
entitled Policies for Growth and Development.
Freshwater Wetlands
Wetlands of North Carolina are diverse and widely distributed. About 5.7 million acres, or 17%,
" The capacity of community facilities to service current and anticipated development is
discussed in another LUPUP section entitled Estimated Demand.
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of the State is covered by wetlands41. About 95% of these wetlands are in the eastern part of the
State12.
Within the Town of Navassa exist areas of freshwater wetlands. Development activity in these
areas is regulated. The State has authority through the Clean Water Act to review federally
permitted wetland disturbances (including dredge and fill activities) to be sure the activities do
not damage wetlands to the point they no longer support their designated use. The NC Division
of Water Quality (DWQ) performs this review, which is called a 401 Water Quality
Certification. (All CAMA permitted wetland disturbances require a 401 certification.)
Freshwater wetlands may exist within an AEC. If this is the case, a CAMA permit will be
required.
Freshwater wetlands are perhaps the most familiar type of wetland. They are found in as varied
locations as the roadside ditch and at the edges of ponds and rivers. Freshwater wetlands are an
extremely important part of the natural areas of any community. They include habitat areas for a
variety of diverse species and are often an important component part of sensitive groundwater
recharge areas. Seasonal wetlands are those which may fill with winter rains and will generally
dry out during summer and fall. They are as ordinary as a puddle in the backyard and yet are
also critical, especially as breeding habitat, for a wide variety of important species of animals.
Since these seasonal wetlands are often smaller than one acre, they are not well protected by
texisting regulations.
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act enables State and federal agencies to regulate development
activities occurring in wetlands. The 401 (previously discussed) and 404 programs require
permits before disturbing wetland areas. The NC Division of Coastal Management currently
reviews U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (404) permits issued, for projects over one-third of an
acre in size, for consistency with Coastal Resources Commission regulations and policies and
those policies contained in local Land Use Plans. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers program
no longer serves to protect wetlands by regulation. Rather, the Corps of Engineers serves to
manages development in wetlands. Freshwater wetlands permits are routinely issued by federal
officials for projects which will destroy the wetland areas and the majority of permits requested
are granted.
Significant Natural Areas & Endangered Species
In reply our request uest concerning the location of significant natural features or endangered
species in Navassa, the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, in the Division of Parks &
' Recreation, in the North Carolina Department of Environment & Natural Resources, sent on
41 T.E. Dahl, 1990, Wetlands — Losses in the United States 1780's to 1980's:
Washington, DC, Fish & Wildlife Service Report to Congress.
42 T.E. Dahl, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 1991.
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August 6, 1998, information indicating they have no records of known rare species, high quality
natural communities, or significant natural areas occurring within the Town of Navassa. The
Town has not been systematically inventoried and it cannot be stated that other rare species or
significant natural areas do not exist. Within a 2 mile radius of Town there are records of five
high quality natural communities, thirteen rare species, and four significant Natural Heritage
Areas.
To the south of Town is the extensive Significant Natural Heritage Area, Sturgeon Creek Tidal
Wetlands. In 1994, a population of the significantly rare plant, Cypress knee sedge (Carex
decomposita) was recorded about 40 feet northeast of SR 1472 on the south side (the Leland
side) of Sturgeon Creek. Other nearby sites include two historical species records: Federal
Species of Concern/State Threatened Plant, Savanna indigo -bush (Amorpha georgiana var.
georgiana) was recorded in 1952 approximately 5.0 miles north of Winnabow on the north side
of US 17 in the bog on the lower edge of the area marked Magnolia Greens (about 2 miles from
Navassa); Federal Species of Concern/State Special Concern Amphibian, Carolina gopher frog
(Rana capito capito) was recorded in 1966 off the north side of SR 1551 about 0.6 —1.0 mile
SW of the junction with NC 133. (This site was considered inactive in 1993.
There are no known valuable or potential mineral sites within Navassa's planning jurisdiction.
There are also no publicly owned forests, parks, fish and game lands, or any privately owned
wildlife sanctuaries within the Town's planning jurisdiction. Areas of "prime farmland'3" are
known to exist and are identified in the Soil Survey of Brunswick County document.
Flood Hazard Areas
There are areas within Navassa which are susceptible to flood. The Town of Navassa is not a
participating member of the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) flood hazard
protection program. Those areas which are in some danger of flood are along Sturgeon Creek,
the Brunswick and Cape Fear Rivers, and area streams and tributaries. Maps submitted by the
NC Division of Coastal Management as a part of this Land Use Plan Update process show storm
surge innundation areas along all streams and tributaries within the Town of Navassa. Other low
lying areas may also be at risk of flooding. To get information on FEMA programs interested
parties should call [phone] or 1-800-358-9616.
Salt Water Wetlands or Coastal Wetlands
North Carolina contains more than 3,000 miles of tidal.(estuarine and ocean) shoreline and
43 Identified according to the Governor's Executive Order Number 96.
1 J.W. Clay, D.M. Orr, Jr., and A.W. Stuart, 1975, North Carolina Atlas — Portrait of a
Changing Southern State: Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 331 p.
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between 183,000 and 236,000 acres of salt marsh are present in the State`S5. These wetlands
constitute about 11% of the tidal salt marshes of the southeast Atlantic coast.
These important wetlands exist within the Town of Navassa. They are defined in this document
in the next section, entitled Areas of Environmental Concern (AFC's).
(b) Areas of Environmental Concern (AFC's)
One of the basic purposes of North Carolina's Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA or the
Act) is to establish a State management plan which is capable of rational and coordinated
management of coastal resources. The Act recognizes the key to more effective protection and
use of the land and water resources of the coast is the development of a coordinated approach to
resources management. The CAMA provides 2 principle mechanisms for accomplishing this
purpose. First, the formulation of local Land Use Plans articulating the objectives of local
citizens and translating these objectives, or policies, into future desired growth patterns. Second,
the designation of Areas of Environmental Concern for the protection of areas of statewide
concern within the coastal area.
Both the development of local Land Use Plans and the designation and regulation of critical
resource areas contribute to rational management by encouraging local and State governments to
exercise their full authorities over coastal resources and to express their management goals in a
comprehensible and uniform manner. Local objectives benefit through their incorporation into a
State management scheme, and the statewide objectives of resource protection and development
benefit through an integrated and comprehensive management approach. State guidelines are
prepared to ensure uniformity and consistency in Land Use Plans and in the regulation of critical
resource areas, or Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC's).
The STATE GUIDELINES FOR AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN47 (Subchapter
7H of Chapter 15A of the NC Administrative Code, or 15A NCAC 7H, or the regulations
governing development activity in AEC's) require that local Land Use Plans give special
attention to the protection and appropriate development of AEC's. The CAMA charges the
Coastal Resources Commission (CRC or the Commission) with the responsibility for identifying
types of areas -- water as well as land — in which uncontrolled or incompatible development
might result in irreversible damage. The Act further instructs the Commission to determine what
types of development activities are appropriate within such areas, and it calls upon the local
government to give special attention to these areas in the process of Land Use Plan development.
" K.K. Moorhead, 1992, Wetland Resources of Coastal North Carolina: Wetlands, v. 12,
no. 3, p.184-191.
46 P.G. Weigert and B.J. Freeman, 1990, Tidal Salt Marshes of the Southeastern Atlantic
Coast — A Community Profile: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Biological Report 85 (7.29), 70 p.
;' These regulations are subject to change by the NC Coastal Resources Commission.
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As a means of controlling any inappropriate or damaging development activities within AEC's,
the CAMA calls upon the CRC to implement a permitting program. The intent of this program
is not to stop development (if this were the intent, given the growth in our coastal area, the
program would be an abject failure) but rather to ensure the compatibility of development with
the continued productivity and value of critical land and water areas (AEC's).
The Act divides responsibility for the permitting program between the CRC and local
governments. "Minor" development activities receive permits from a local permit officer, while
"major" development activities seek permits from the CRC. (Division of Coastal Management
personnel are the staff representatives of the CRC.)
The types of AEC's are separated into 4 broad groupings. Those 4 categories are:
(1) = THE ESTUARINE SYSTEM
(2) = OCEAN HAZARD AREAS
(3) = PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES
(4) = NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCE AREAS
The only group of AEC's pertinent to Navassa's planning jurisdiction are those within the
estuarine system (shown below). The information shown on the other groups is for information
purposes.
= The Estuarine System
Estuarine system AEC's are land and water areas of the coast which contribute enormous
economic, social, and biological values to North Carolina. It is the objective of the CRC to
manage these AEC's as an interrelated group to ensure that development is compatible with
natural characteristics and to minimize the likelihood of significant loss of private property and
public resources. Included within the estuarine system are the following AEC categories:
estuarine waters, coastal wetlands, public trust areas and estuarine shorelines. Each of these
AEC's is either geographically within the estuary or, because of its location and nature, may
significantly affect the estuary.
Coastal Wetlands are areas of salt marsh or other marsh subject to regular or occasional
flooding by tides, including wind tides. The management objective of the NC CRC for coastal
wetlands is to conserve and manage these areas so as to safeguard and perpetuate their
biological, social, economic, and aesthetic values. The highest priority is given to conservation
of these areas. The second highest priority of use is for those types of development which
require water access and cannot function elsewhere. Most of the marshes adjacent the
" Coastal wetlands are an Area of Environmental Concern and uses/development in
these areas are regulated by the NC Coastal Resources Commission. Coastal wetlands should
not be confused with 404 wetlands, which are regulated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
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Brunswick River at Navassa are freshwater marshes. There may be scattered areas of salt marsh
therein.
Estuarine Waters are those water areas which are the dominant component and bonding
element of the entire estuarine system, integrating the aquatic influences from the land and the
sea. Estuaries are among the most productive natural environments of North Carolina. They
support the valuable commercial and sports fisheries of the coastal area, which are comprised of
estuarine dependant species such as menhaden, flounder, shrimp, crabs, and oysters. Of the 10
leading species in the commercial catch, all but one are dependent on the estuary. The "joint
waters" of the Brunswick River are considered as estuarine waters by the NC Division of Coastal
Management.
Public Trust Areas are all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands thereunder from the mean
high water mark to the seaward limit of State jurisdiction (the State limit of jurisdiction is 3
miles); all navigable natural bodies of water and lands thereunder to the mean high water level
or mean water level as the case may be; all water in artificially created bodies of water
containing significant public fishing resources or other public resources which are accessible to
the public by navigation from bodies of water in which the public has rights of navigation; and
all waters in artificially created bodies of water in which the public has acquired rights by
prescription, custom, usage, dedication, or any other means. The management objective is to
protect public rights for navigation and recreation and to conserve and manage public trust areas
so as to safeguard their biological, economic, and aesthetic values. The waters of the Cape Fear
River, Sturgeon Creek and the Brunswick River are public trust areas.
Estuarine Shorelines are areas of dry land (which may contain 404 wetlands) which are
considered a component of the estuarine system because of the close association these land areas
have with adjacent estuarine waters. Estuarine shorelines are non -ocean shorelines which are
especially vulnerable to erosion, flooding, or other adverse affects of wind and water and which
are intimately connected to the estuary. This area extends from the mean high water level (or
normal water level along estuaries, sounds, bays, and brackish waters) for a distance of 75 feet
landward. Within the estuarine shoreline AEC, impervious surfaces are required to not exceed
30%.
Each of the above listed AEC's exist within the Town's planning jurisdiction.
= Ocean Hazard Areas .
Ocean hazard AEC's are so named because these areas are considered by the North Carolina
Coastal Resources Commission to be natural hazard areas along the Atlantic Ocean shoreline
where, because of their special vulnerability to erosion or other adverse effects of sand, wind,
and water, uncontrolled or incompatible development could unreasonably endanger life or
property. Ocean hazard areas include: the ocean erodible area, the high hazard flood area, the
inlet hazard area, and the unvegetated beach area.
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Ocean Erodible Areas are areas where there is a substantial possibility of excessive erosion and
significant shoreline fluctuation. The seaward boundary of this area is the mean low water line.
The landward extent of this line is established by multiplying the long-term average annual
erosion rate, as approved by the CRC, times 60, provided that, where there has been no long
term erosion rate or the rate is less than 2 feet per year, the minimum distance shall be set at 120
feet from the first line of stable vegetation.
(Coastal) High Hazard Flood Areas are those areas subject to velocity waters in a storm
having a 1 percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year and as identified on
the National Flood Insurance Program's Flood Insurance Rate Maps. The maps are produced by
the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Inlet Hazard Areas are natural hazard areas which are especially vulnerable to erosion,
flooding and other adverse effects of sand, wind, and water because of their proximity to
dynamic ocean inlets. This area extends landward from the mean low water line a distance
sufficient to encompass that area within which the inlet will, based on statistical analysis,
migrate, and shall consider such factors as previous inlet territory, structurally weak areas near
the inlet, and external influences such as jetties and channelization.
Unvegetated Beach Areas are self explanatory to the extent that they consist of unvegetated
ocean beach. These areas are subject to rapid and unpredictable land form change from wind
and wave action.
The Town of Navassa has none of the Ocean Hazard AEC's within its jurisdiction.
= Public Water Supplies
The third broad grouping of AEC's includes valuable small surface supply water sheds and
public water supply well fields. These vulnerable, critical water supplies, if degraded, could
adversely affect public health or require substantial monetary outlays by affected communities
for alternative water source development. For more details, interested parties are advised to call
the North Carolina Division of Coastal Management, in Raleigh, at [phone].
The above mentioned category of AEC does not exist in Navassa.
= Natural and Cultural Resource Areas
Natural and cultural resource areas include natural or cultural resources of more than local
significance in which uncontrolled or incompatible development could result in major or
irreversible damage to natural systems or cultural resources, scientific, educational, or
associative values, or aesthetic qualities. These areas would include coastal areas containing
remnant species, coastal complex natural areas, unique coastal geologic formations, significant
coastal archaeological resources, and significant coastal historic/architectural resources. For
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more details, interested parties are advised to call the North Carolina Division of Coastal
Management, in Raleigh, at [phone].
This category of AEC is by nomination only. There are no natural and cultural resource areas
AEC's in Navassa. None are expected to be nominated during the planning period.
Special permitting regulations apply for any development which will occur in an Area of
Environmental Concern. To find if these regulations are pertinent to a project proposal, call the
NC Division of Coastal Management, in Wilmington, at [phone].
(c) Soils
In November, 1986, the US Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in
cooperation with the NC Agricultural Experiment Station and the Brunswick County Board of
1 Commissioners, published a Soil Survey of Brunswick County; North Carolina49.
The GENERAL SOIL MAP contained in the Soil Survey document shows the Town of
Navassa as primarily within the Baymeade-Blanton-Norfolk soil association. These soils are
nearly level to gently sloping, well drained and moderately well drained soils that have loamy
subsoil; on uplands. These soils are generally near major streams throughout the County. This
soil association composes approximately 12% of the County soils. In Brunswick County it is
about 70% Baymeade soils, 13% Blanton soils, 7% Norfolk soils, and 10% soils of minor extent.
High seepage rates, caving of cutbacks and poor trafficability are the main limitations for
Baymeade and Blanton soils. The Norfolk soils are well suited for recreational development.
The reason that soil types are important for planning purposes is that some soils are not well
suited for a particular type of development. Soils may present hazards for building foundations.
They may be poorly drained and have limited ability, if any, to support septic systems. If this
type of information is considered when the Town produces a set of regulations, such as a Zoning
Ordinance, development may be steered toward those areas where it is more suitable.
' Some determination of the soil types within the Town of Navassa's planning jurisdiction is
possible to distinguish from the aerial photography contained in the Soil Survey of Brunswick
Coun1y. The types of soils shown are:
♦ Baymeade fine sand (BaB) ♦ This well drained soil is on low ridges and convex
divides. Most of the acreage of this soil in Brunswick County is used for woodland.
individual areas of this soil are generally broad and long and range from 35 to 250 acres.
Surface runoff is slow. Many areas of this soil are used for crops. The soil is suited to
some urban uses. Lawns and shrubs are difficult to establish and maintain. The sandy
av For more detailed information, the Land Use Plan reader is advised to consult this
text.
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nature of this soil is the main limitation. This soil is poorly suited for recreation
purposes.
♦ Baymeade and Marvyn soils (BDC) ♦ This soil consists of well drained Baymeade
and Marvyn soils on short side slopes. These soils are combined in the same map unit
because of similarities in use and management. Surface runoff is slow (in Baymeade) to
medium (in Marvyn). Baymeade and Marvyn soils have many small areas in native
vegetation. A small area of this soil series is used for pasture, and a few areas are in crop
land. Generally, these areas are too narrow and sloping to cultivate easily. These soils
are suited to some urban purposes. Slope is a limiting factor for septic tank absorption
fields and for commercial buildings. These soils are poorly suited to most recreational
purposes. Slope and sandiness are the main limitations.
♦ Blanton fine sand (BnB) ♦ This moderately well drained soil is found in slightly
convex interstream areas. Most of the acreage of this soil in Brunswick County is
woodland. The rest is idle or used for residential development. Individual areas of this
soil are usually long and irregular in width and range from 15 to 175 acres. Surface
runoff is slow. Permeability is rapid. A few areas of this soil in Brunswick County are
used for crops. This soil is suitable for most urban uses.
♦ Bragg fine sand,, l� (BrB) ♦ This well drained soil is found on constructed
landscape segments. Areas containing this soil are graded or smoothed for landscaping
large industrial sites. Individual areas of this soil range from 10 to 125 acres. Surface
runoff is medium. Permeability is moderately slow, and the available water capacity is
moderate. This form of soil is well suited to most urban areas and recreational uses.
♦ Chowan silt loam (CH) ♦ This is a nearly level, poorly drained soil found on the
floodplains of the Cape Fear River and its tributaries. Inland the vegetation is
hardwoods, but it changes to cattails, black needlerush and giant cordgrass near the coast.
Surface runoff is slow. This soil is flooded for six months of most years. This soil is
generally not used for cropland, or for residential or recreational development. The
hazards of flooding, wetness, and excess humus are the main limitations. The main
recreational use of these areas is hunting.
♦ Foreston loamy fine sand (Fo) ♦ This nearly level, moderately well drained soil is
on slightly convex interstream areas. Most of the acreage of this soil in Brunswick
County is in woodland. The rest is in crop land. Individual areas of this soil are
irregular in shape and are 25 to 150 acres. Surface runoff is slow. Permeability is
moderately rapid, and the available water capacity is moderate. Ditch banks and trench
walls cave, and the soil has a high seepage rate. Wetness from a seasonal high water
table is the main limitation. The soil is suited for most urban uses. A well planned
drainage system can control wetness. This soil is poorly suited for sanitary facilities.
The soil is well suited for recreational purposes.

♦ Goldsboro fine sandy loam (GoA) ♦ This moderately well drained soil is located
near drainageways on interstream divides. About one-half of the acreage is in woodland;
the rest is in cropland. Surface runoff is slow. Permeability is moderate, and the
available water capacity is moderate. Wetness from a seasonal high water table is the
main limitation. A well planned and constructed drainage system helps control wetness.
Goldsboro soil is generally suited to urban and recreational development.
♦ Johns fine sandy loam (Jo) ♦ This nearly level, somewhat poorly drained and
moderately well drained soil is found on stream terraces. Most of this soil in Brunswick
County is in woodland. However, a small acreage is in cropland. Surface runoff is slow.
Permeability is moderate, and the available water capacity is moderate. Wetness from a
seasonal high water table is the main limitation. A well planned and constructed
drainage system can reduce wetness. Because of the excessive wetness of this soil, it is
not suited for residential or recreational development without artificial drainage.
♦ Leon fine sand (Lo) ♦ This nearly level, poorly drained soil is in broad smooth
interstream area and in depressions in undulating areas. Surface runoff is slow.
Permeability is rapid in the surface layer and moderate in the subsoil. This soil is mostly
woodland in Brunswick County. This soil is generally not used for residential or
recreational development because of wetness, seepage, the sandy nature of the soil, and
the caving of cutbacks.
♦ Lynchburg fine sandy loam (Ly) ♦ This nearly level, somewhat poorly drained soil
is found in interstream areas. In Brunswick County, Lynchburg soil is usually found in
woodland. However, some Lynchburg soil is found in cropland. Generally, individual
areas of this soil are long and irregular in width. Surface runoff is slow. Permeability is
moderate. Corn, soybeans, and small grains are the only crops grown on Lynchburg soil.
Without artificial drainage and land grading to improve surface runoff, Lynchburg soil is
too wet for residential or recreational development.
♦ Mandarin fine sand (Ma) ♦ This is a nearly level somewhat poorly drained soil in
broad interstream areas and in depressions in undulating areas. Surface runoff is slow.
Permeability is moderate to rapid, and the available water capacity is low. Mandarin soil
is mostly in woodland in Brunswick County. This soil is poorly suited for residential or
recreational development.
♦ Muckalee loam (Mk) ♦ This nearly level, poorly drained soil is on flood plains of
' freshwater streams. Nearly all of the acreage of this soil type is woodland. Individual
areas of this soil are long and narrow. Most of the mapped areas are from 10 to 100
acres. Surface runoff is very slow. Ditch banks cave because of high sand content.
Muckalee soil is mostly in native woodlands. The vegetation Is adapted to long periods
of wetness. This soil is generally not used for crop land, or for residential or recreational
development because of surface ponding, flooding, and caving of cutbacks.
1 39
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♦ Murville mucky fine sand (Mu) ♦ This nearly level, very poorly drained soil is in
depressions in broad interstream areas. The soil is found in oval shaped depression areas
and long, narrow depressions between sand ridges. Surface runoff is very slow. The
permeability is rapid in the surface layer and moderately rapid in the subsoil. The
available water capacity is low. These soils are generally not used for residential or
recreational development. Surface ponding, high rates of seepage, and caving of
cutbacks are the main limitations.
♦ Norfolk loamy fine sand (Nob) ♦ This well drained soil is found on convex
interstream divides. Most of the acreage of this type soil is crop land or is used for
residential sites. Individual areas of this soil are long and irregular in width and range
from 15 to 100 acres. Surface runoff is medium. This soil is very strongly acid unless
the surface has been limed. The seasonal high water table is 4 to 6 feet below the
surface. This soil is well suited for crops. Most of the soil is planted to tobacco, corn,
and soybeans. This -soil is suited to urban uses. Wetness is the main limitation. It is
well suited to recreation.
♦ Onslow fine sandy loam (On) ♦ This is a nearly level, moderately well drained soil
found near drainage ways in interstream areas. Most of this soil in Brunswick County is
reported to be in woodland. The rest is said to be in crop land. Individual areas of this
soil are long and irregular in width and range from 15 to 70 acres. Surface runoff is
slow. This soil is poorly suited to residential and recreational development because of
wetness. Some areas need artificial drainage or land grading to improve surface
drainage.
♦ Pante og_ mucjjy loam (Pn) ♦ These soils are nearly level and very poorly drained
soils in broad interstream areas. Most of these soils are found, when they are found
anywhere in Brunswick County, in the north central areas. Surface runoff is very slow.
Pantego soil is mostly woodland. The vegetation is adapted to wetness. The soil is
generally not used for residential or recreational development as a result of wetness and
seepage.
♦ Pits (Pt) ♦ In Brunswick County, this map unit consists of areas where the original
surface material has been or is currently being removed. Individual areas range from 5 to
40 acres. Typically, sand, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam, and marl are the materials
excavated. The surface relief ranges from smooth to highly irregular.
♦ Rains fine sandy loam (Ra) ♦ This nearly level, poorly drained soil is found on
broad smooth interstream areas and in depressions on slightly convex divides. In
Brunswick County, this soil is usually found in woodland with a small acreage in
cropland. Surface runoff is low. Permeability as well as the available water capacity are
moderate. Unless the surface layer has been limed, this soil is strongly acidic. Wetness
is the main limitation of Rains fine sandy loam soil. This soil is generally not used for
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residential or recreational development.
♦ Tomahawk loamy fine sand (Tm) ♦ This nearly level, moderately well drained and
somewhat poorly drained soil is found on low, slightly convex ridges. In Brunswick
County, Tomahawk soil is mostly found in woodland, while the rest is in cropland.
Individual areas of this soil are long and narrow and usually are less than 75 acres.
Surface runoff is slow. Permeability is moderately rapid. Tomahawk soil is strongly
acidic or acidic throughout. This soil is generally too wet for residential or recreational
development without artificial drainage and land grading to improve surface runoff.
♦ Torhunta mucky fine sandy loam (To) ♦ This nearly level, very poorly drained soil
is found in broad interstream areas and on stream terraces. In Brunswick County, nearly
all Torhunta mucky fine sandy loam is located in woodland areas. Surface runoff is very
slow. This type of soil has moderately rapid permeability, and the available water
capacity is moderate. Unless the surface layer has been limed, this soil is highly acidic.
The seasonal high water table is 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet below the surface, and water may
pond during the wet season for brief periods. This soils is important as habitat for
wildlife. Because of wetness, this soil is not used for recreational or residential
development.
♦ Urban land (Ur) ♦ These soils are found in the developed portions of Navassa.
Urban land is where soils have been cut, filled, graded, or paved so that most soil
properties have been altered to the extent that a soil series is not recognized. These areas
are used for developed type uses, which might include closely spaced housing, parking
lots, and commercial development of a variety of types.
Soils listed above which are considered prime farm land include Foreston loamy fine sand (Fo),
Norfolk loamy fine sand (Nob), and Onslow fine sandy loam (On). These are soils which are
the best suited for the production of food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops. These soils also
have properties which favor the economic production of sustained high yield of crops. The soils
need only to be treated and managed using acceptable farming methods. Prime farm land soils
produce the highest yields with minimal inputs of energy and economic resources, and farming
of these soils results in the least damage to the environment. These areas, because of rapid
development, are a dwindling resource in Navassa and Brunswick County. The reason being is
that those same properties which make this soil prime farm land also make these soils have a
high potential for development and they are therefore considered some of the best building sites.
Any of the soils limitations mentioned may be overcome through engineering. Appropriate
considerations for Navassa are relative to zoning density, height of structures, setback
requirements, lot size, new streets and roads, and utilities extension plans and policies.
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(d) Man Made Hazardous Sites
There are three U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund Sites within the Town of
Navassa. (1) Holding Pond for Waste (USS Agrichem) — This site is noted as NRAP (No
Further Remedial Action Planned). (2) Kerr—McGee Chemical Corporation —A small site to
the east of Navassa Road (between Navassa Road and the Brunswick River). (3) Wilmington
Branch —Borden & Smith -Douglas —A 13 acre site north and east of Navassa Road. Sites 2 and
3 are on -going sites. For additional information interested parties may call the NC Department
of Environment & Natural Resources, Division of Solid Waste, Superfund Section, at 919-733-
4996. Information is available on line at http://www.cgia.state.nc.us/corpmeta.dir/hsds.html
(2) CARRYING CAPACITY
The Town of Navassa has much land available for development. Because of the proximity of
Navassa to the Cape Fear and Brunswick Rivers there any many areas of 404 wetlands existing
within the Town's planning jurisdiction. Freshwater marshes and seasonal wetlands also exist
within the area. Section 404 of the Clean Water Act enables State and federal agencies to
regulate development activities occurring in wetlands. Both the 401 and 404 programs
(reference is to sections 401 and 404 of the Clean Water Act) require permits before disturbing
wetlands areas. The NC Division of Coastal Management currently reviews U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (404) permits issued for projects over one-third of an acre in size, for consistency with
Coastal Management regulations and policies. The vast majority of permits requested are
granted. It is not the intent of the process to deny people the use of their land. The process is
designed to give officials the opportunity to work with people, to allow growth in a "managed"
way, and in some cases to modify projects to lessen impacts on wetlands. Septic systems either
do not operate, or do not operate well in 404 wetlands areas.
The current lack of an available sewage treatment system is an impediment to growth within the
Town of Navassa. There is still much land available which has development potential and which
is not wetlands. The development restrictions in these areas are Town ordinances (Zoning,
Subdivision, etc.), which limit development in the traditional way, through the local regulatory
authority.
Municipal services availability and Navassa's capacity to serve the estimated growth within the
planning period are discussed in this plan at the section titled "Estimated Demand."
(3) CULTURAL RESOURCES
Pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the Advisory Council on
Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36 CFR Part
800, the NC Division of Archives and History offers the following comment in reference to an
inquiry made on May 18, 1998, regarding the possibility of archaeologic sites or historic
properties in Navassa:
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"A check of our topographic maps reveals that no archaeological
sites have been recorded on the Leland, Castle Hayne, linnabow,
and Wilmington quads that comprise the Navassa Town limits.
Inasmuch as an archaeological survey has not been conducted in
that area, the possibility exists that archaeological sites ranging from
the prehistoric through historic periods may be located in the Town,
particularly along the waterways and areas of highest elevation.
There is also the possibility of underwater archaeological resources
"We have conducted a search of our files and are aware of no
structures of historical or architectural importance located in the
planning area.
"We encourage the consideration of cultural resources in the
planning stages of any proposed development."
The Town of Navassa does not have a Historic District or a Historic District Ordinance.
Section 3: ESTIMATED DEMAND
As a part of the planning process the Town of Navassa has looked at the following topics and
analyzed the effects of anticipated growth in each of these service areas.
1 (1) WATER
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A large percentage of the homes in Navassa use the public water distribution system owned by
the Town. Between 1980 and mid-1989 the Town of Navassa began receiving its treated water
from the Leland Sanitary District (now the North Brunswick Sanitary District) which in turn
receives its water form the Brunswick County Water Service which buys its raw water from the
Lower Cape Fear Water & Sewer Authority. The raw water is transported through Bladen and
Columbus Counties to the 24 million gallon per day water treatment plant located at Hoods
Creek. From here trunk mains cut through the northeastern portion of the County and provide a
connecting point for the North Brunswick Sanitary District at Mount Misery Road. From there a
6 inch distribution line carries the treated water to Navassa. The Town system is responsible for
the distribution of water through its 4 and 6 inch lines. The Town's system (1998) serves 145
residential customers and 7 businesses. There are only a few houses in Navassa which utilize
private wells.
The supply of water through the planning period will be sufficient to meet municipal growth
needs. New water lines will need to be constructed in the event of annexation.
(2) SEWER
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As Navassa has no public sewage system, septic tanks are used throughout the Town. This is a
major concern for the Town of Navassa. Navassa has entered into an agreement (1998) with
Brunswick County, the Town of Leland, and the North Brunswick Sanitary District for the
provision of sewer service. The agreement calls for a regional system which will be placed
within the Town of Navassa and which will serve each of the areas party to the agreement. It is
expected that sewer service will be available in Navassa within ten years. The new regional
system will provide ample capacity to serve the long-term growth needs of Navassa and the
surrounding rapidly growing area.
(3) ROADS, SCHOOLS, & HOSPITALS
Roads
The most recent traffic counts for Brunswick County from the NC Department of Transportation
(DOT) were taken in 1997. These counts give vehicles per day (VPD) and are the average
annual daily traffic (AADT). The VPD and AADT count traffic in both directions. Seasonal
fluctuations are not given by DOT. The locations where the counts are taken are chosen by the
DOT. Town officials will request to be consulted on this decision in the future. No traffic
counts are recorded as having been taken within the planning jurisdiction of the Town of
Navassa in 1997. The closest count to Navassa was taken in Leland. In Leland, along U.S.
Highway 17 just west of Leland Avenue, the AADT was 19,300. Traffic in Navassa, and in the
area, is expected to increase during the planning period. As growth continues, more and more
stress will be placed on the transportation system in Navassa. More information on the Town's
policy position on this subject may be found in the appropriate Land Use Plan Section. (Please
consult the Table of Contents.)
In FY 96 the Town of Navassa received approximately $17,000 in Powell Bill Funds. These
funds are allocated to NC municipalities by the NC DOT on a yearly basis according to a
formula which takes into account the number of miles of municipally owned road and the NC
Office of State Planning figure on population. The most recent funds received were used for the
purpose of cleaning ditches, resurfacing roads, patching roads, cutting grass, sign posts, and
paint for traffic lanes.
The Thoroughfare Plan for the Wilmington MPO was approved March 18, 1997. The Town is a
part of the Wilmington Urban Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO). The
Transportation Plan for the MPO gives great insight into the roads system and system
improvements necessary for the Navassa area. Interested parties are advised to consult this
document for additional information on transportation matters.

' Schools
The Superintendent of Brunswick County Schools is Mr. Marion C. Wise50. The Superintendent
of Schools is responsible to the Brunswick County Board of Education for the administration,
operations, and management of all public schools in the County.
Public school students in Navassa attend the following public schools:
Students in grades K-3 in Navassa attend Lincoln Primary Schools`. The current enrollment is
678. The design capacity is 600 students. The school is therefore operating at 113% of
capacity. The principal is Ms. Faye Nelson.
Elementary students attend Belville Elementary School" (grades 4-6) School. The 1997-98
enrollment of Belville Elementary is 592. The design capacity of Belville Elementary is 750
students. They are therefore operating at 79% of capacity. Belville Elementary has 0 mobile
classrooms. Mr. Robert Graham is the Principal at Belville Elementary (910-371-0950).
Middle School students attend Leland Middle Schoo153 (grades 7-8). The design capacity of
this school is 650 students. The enrollment (1997-98) is 580. They are operating at 89% of
capacity. Leland Middle School has 7 mobile classrooms. Ms. Diana Mintz is the Principal at
' Leland Middle School (910-371-3030).
High school students attend North Brunswick High Schools" (grades 9-12). The design
capacity is 650 students. The 1997-98 (end of year) enrollment is 546. They started the year
with 650 students. They are therefore operating at 100% of capacity. The Principal at North
Brunswick High School is Mr. Robert Harris (910-371-2261).
New schools are needed in Brunswick County. This need is due to the tremendous growth
experienced by the County in recent years. In light of this the Brunswick County School Board
has approved a new elementary school construction project which will relieve overcrowded
conditions.
so Brunswick County School Administration, 8360 River Road, SE, Southport, NC
28461, [phone].
5' Lincoln Primary School, 1664 Lincoln Road, NE, Leland, NC 28451.
53 Belville Elementary School, 575 River Road, Leland, NC 28451.
53 Leland Middle School, 927 Old Fayetteville Road, Leland, NC 28451.
eSd North Brunswick High School, # 1 Scorpion Drive, Leland, NC 28451.
45

Some students in Navassa attend private schools. Area colleges include Brunswick Community
College and the University of North Carolina at Wilmington.
Hospitals
New Hanover Regional Medical CenterSS is the closest hospital for Navassa residents. This
facility was opened in 1967. The Hospital is a 628 bed publicly owned facility with 320 doctors
on staff. There are approximately 3,000 persons employed, and more than 700 volunteers, at
this comprehensive health care facility.
Each year New Hanover Regional Medical Center:
✓ Admits more than 20,000 patients
✓ Sees more than 48,000 patients in the Emergency Department
✓ Sees more than 38,000 patients in the Outpatient Clinics
✓ Accepts more than 52,000 referrals for diagnostic procedures or therapy.
The Brunswick Hospital (near Supply), the Dozier Hospital (near Southport), and the Myrtle
Beach Hospital are also available if necessary.
VitaLink transportation services are available to North Carolina Memorial Hospital in Chapel
Hill, NC, or, Duke Hospital in Durham, NC, as necessary or as requested.
(4) SOLID WASTE56
As of July 1, 1998, solid waste in Brunswick County will be collected once weekly for
residential property owners (rentors, leasees, etc.) at the curbside by Waste Industries. This is a
part of a new service being provided by Brunswick County for County residents. This is the
beginning of a six year agreement between Brunswick County and Waste Industries.
All solid waste in Brunswick County, after July 1, 1998, will be hauled to a transfer station on
Galloway Road, near Supply, from where it will be hauled to a regional landfill in Sampson
County. Yard waste and other vegetative debris will remain in Brunswick County.
Solid waste was formerly taken to the Brunswick County landfill in Supply. This facility was
approximately 25 miles from Navassa. The County landfill was closed as of December 31,
1997, since the landfill was not lined. (State law required all landfills to be lined by 1998.)
" The information included here was received from New Hanover Regional Medical
Center by Cape Fear Council of Governments.
" Information in this LUPUP section was received from the Brunswick County
Operations Services Department and the County Engineering Office and from the management
staff at Waste Industries, 1-800-814-4544.
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The Town desires to work with Brunswick County in whatever way may be possible to provide
low cost solid waste service to residents and businesses. The Town of Navassa feels that no
landfills should be located within less that a ten mile radius of Navassa or Leland. (This point is
elaborated upon in the LUPUP section on policies for growth and development.)
(5) POPULATION & ECONOMY
The population of Navassa will grow during the planning period. As stated earlier in this
document (in the section on Existing Conditions), we estimate the 1998 population of the Town
of Navassa to be 548 persons. Our ten year population estimate (for the year 2008) is 699
persons. This estimate, which is based on the rate of growth in Navassa from 1990 to 1996, is
felt to be a conservative estimate of population.
Growth in the commercial/economic sector for Navassa in the near future is not expected to be
rapid. New business will locate in the area (in northern Brunswick County) and this will have
some positive spin-offs for Navassa. Portions of the Town of Navassa have held industrial
development in past years. It is possible, within the planning period, that new industry will
locate within the eastern or northern part of the Town. The construction of a regional sewage
treatment system in this area will tend to make this prospect more ly likely.
Navassa will grow with the rest of Brunswick County.
(6) LOCAL OBJECTIVES CONCERNING GROWTH
Within the next ten years, Navassa's growth is expected to remain slow, yet steady. Town
leaders hope to enhance the Town of Navassa and make it a better place to live, work, and visit.
Some of the goals of the Town leaders are continued growth through transportation
developments, an influx of commercial industry in order to provide more jobs for residents, the
clean-up and beautification of Navassa's waterfront, the development of a public sewer system,
provision of better recreation opportunities for residents, and the improvement of current
housing conditions.
Southeastern North Carolina is growing at a rapid rate. It is anticipated that Navassa will grow
wherever local ordinances, environmental and permitting conditions will allow growth, the
growth will occur. Furthermore, with street improvements, it is believed that development will
be easier. The Town of Navassa is included in the Wilmington Metropolitan Planning
Organization (MPO). The Wilmington MPO's proposed outer loop cause changes for
Brunswick County. It is expected that Navassa will become closer to the rest of the region as a
result of this transportation improvement. More residents and more businesses will result.
Not only does the Town of Navassa hope to attract new local businesses, but Town officials
hope to attract light industry as well. With both of these additions, there will be enhanced job
opportunities for local residents. Town residents would prefer the new industry be "clean."
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Town officials are interested in talking to corporate representative concerning any new industrial
development of any type. Town officials also believe that an expansion of the Leland Industrial
Park would bring not only new businesses to the area, but new jobs as well.
Residents of the Town of Navassa hope to encourage both clean-up and beautification efforts
made to the waterfront areas. The banks of the Cape Fear River, Brunswick River, and Sturgeon
Creek are considered to be points of interest within the Town. Local residents wish to enhance
this area's natural beauty by the cleaning of waterways. Within the next ten years, the Town of
Navassa hopes to apply for grants in order to improve the waterfront areas.
The Town of Navassa also hopes to have the development of a regional public sewer system
within the next ten years. Town officials are currently in the process of developing a public
sewer system with the help of the Town of Leland, the Leland Sanitary District and Brunswick
County. As to date, Navassa has room to grow. With the addition of a sewer system,
undeveloped areas of the Town will have a greater chance of being developed.
Town officials hope to provide better recreation opportunities to all residents. With phase one of
the Davis Creek Access complete, officials hope to begin phase two within the next ten years.
Town residents would like improvements made to the baseball field and its surrounding areas.
This possibly could include added areas for children to play. Furthermore, the addition of bike
trails and sidewalks would further provide better recreation opportunities to Town residents.
It is the goal of Town leaders to improve current housing standards within the Town. Within the
next ten years, it is hoped that all of Navassa's homes will meet standard housing requirements.
The Town will continue to work with existing programs, such as the NC Department of
Commerce's CDBG program and the NC Housing Finance Agency program, and any other
programs existing (or to be created) which will make provision of these opportunities possible.
Cooperation is Navassa's regional objective for future betterment. By working with local towns
and cities within the region, southeastern North Carolina will only become stronger during the
next ten years.
Section 4: POLICIES FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Land Use Plans are policy documents. The Town of Navassa recognizes that the basic
information on the Town which is contained in previous plan sections is for the purpose of
helping the plan user, who may be a Town official, a developer, or a local citizen, to understand
the existing situation in Navassa so that appropriate public and private sector decisions can be
made concerning the future growth and development of the Town. The policies in this
document are reflective of the desires of the Town of Navassa for future growth and
development. These policies are also consistent with the NC Coastal Resources Commission's
Land Use Planning Guidelines.

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It is important for Land Use Plan users to realize the vision of local leaders for this community
for the planning period. The plan section on policy, which follows, gives plan users an extensive
view of this picture. In summary, the Town of Navassa is a bedroom community for the
northern section of Brunswick County. The Town of Navassa is well positioned to enjoyed the
growth that has been and will continue to be experienced in Brunswick County. The Town is
sensitive to the natural environment and the preservation of those natural amenities and
conditions which may be impacted by the activities of man and seeks to allow only development
activity which will fit in and will allow minimal environmental degradation. The Town expects
continued residential growth through the planning period. The Town also expects additional
commercial growth. Navassa will strive to maintain the small Town character which it
currently exhibits and will seek to accommodate and to welcome new businesses, residents, and
visitors within the community.
For each of the policies listed in this section the Town of Navassa has considered a planning
period of ten years. Previous plan policies were considered and used as a part of this document.
In each instance, alternative policies have also been considered and these alternatives have been
analyzed. Those policy choices made by Navassa officials are what herein follows.
(1) RESOURCE PROTECTION
The Town of Navassa realizes that development pressure is increasing. As with all other
residents and visitors, they see the results of the development activity everyday. The Town
Council and the Planning Board realize the need to develop a consensus and direction about the
future of Navassa. Natural resources protection is recognized as a crucial element for the
enhancement and preservation of the local environment and quality of life. Navassa residents
have expressed through the creation of their Land Use Plan Update, a strengthening desire to
preserve and protect the natural environment.
While Navassa expects residential development to slowly but steadily increase over the ten year
planning period, the Town also anticipates the possible location of industrial and/or light
manufacturing types of development activities. Such activities would provide employment for
' local residents and attract new residents, while serving to improve the status of Navassa's
economic development. Navassa is committed to preserving both natural resources and the rural
nature of the Town. Any residential, commercial, or industrial development activities permitted
by the Town of Navassa must be compatible with current development patterns, soil suitability,
and must take measures to mitgate any potential environmental degradation. Though Navassa
does not anticipate a great influx of new businesses during the planning period, new
retail/commercial development activities that are consistent with the Town's land use policies
and the Zoning Ordinance will be welcomed.
(2) RESOURCE PROTECTION — Policy Statements
a) -basic statement on resources protection
(2)(a)(1)✓Navassa's policy is to preserve, protect, and enhance the area's natural resources
because the quality of our environment is an important ingredient in our overall quality of life,
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including our potential for expanding economic growth.
(2)(a)(2)✓Navassa policy is that the protection of our resources shall be pursued in a regional
context, with area -wide planning through a political process that favors long term goals over
short term interests and provides accountability for the implementation of the goals and policies
stated herein.
(2)(a)(3)✓Navassa policy is to support all resource protection efforts and to encourage the
acquisition of land parcels with a high resource value by the State of NC or area land trusts.
(2)(a)(4)✓Navassa policy is to not permit short-sighted or premature commitments of the area's
natural resources.
(2)(a)(5)✓Navassa policy will support any efforts by other governmental and private agencies to
wisely manage the natural resources of the surrounding area and/or the region will be supported.
(2)(a)(6)✓Navassa policy is to protect the Town's natural resources through the enforcement of
adopted ordinances, which will be consistent with Land Use Plan policy, in conjunction with the
identification and recognition of issues that may arise and which will need attention. Navassa
policy is to protect and to conserve resources through site evaluations, enforcement of building
codes, subdivision and zoning ordinance development and enforcement, and through the
consistency provision of the Coastal Area Management Act (consistency with policies in this
Land Use Plan). The Town of Navassa will cooperate with State and federal agency regulatory
requirements. The Town policy is to continue to seek to work with the Brunswick County
government in order to provide all area residents the best quality of life possible.
Implementation: Zoning Ordinance— Subdivision Regulations— Resolution— Local Land
Use Regulation— Letters of Support— Intergovernmental Coordination
b)-constraints to development
(2)(b)(1)✓Navassa policy is to recognize there are several soil types which are present in
Navassa's planning jurisdiction which contain limitations for development (such as building
foundations and septic tank placement suitability). These limitations occur primarily due to
wetness, poor filtration, or ponding. At the same time, the Town does not currently possess a
centralized sewer system. Most of the land area in Navassa consists of soil types with moderate
to slight limitations for development. Navassa expects a centralized sewer system to become
available within the planning period.
(2)(b)(2)✓Because of the possible presence of archaeological resources in previously
undisturbed areas the Town of Navassa policy is to carefully review and discuss all development
plans prior to approval. Should any archaeological resources be discovered, the State Division
of Archives and History will be contacted. To date, the State Division of Archives and History
has no documentation of any archaeological resources located in Navassa, but a site inventory of
the Town has not yet been performed.
(2)(b)(3)✓It is the policy of the Town of Navassa to minimize development and to encourage
low intensity land uses (i.e., open space and/or recreational type uses) in areas subject to natural
or man-made hazardous conditions.
(2)(b)(4) ✓It is the policy of Navassa to limit or prohibit development activity in areas where the
soil suitability is incompatible with the development proposed.
(2)(b)(5)✓Navassa policy is that development and redevelopment activity should always happen
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in a way which will avoid creating problems to neighboring property owners and future owners
of the property being developed. Cultural and environmental artifacts or species which are
irreplaceable or limited in number should be protected.
' (2)(b)(6)✓There are developed areas existing in Navassa that are located within the 100 year
floodplain. The Town of Navassa is currently not a participant in the FEMA (Federal
Emergency Management Agency's) Flood Insurance Program. Participation in this program is
highly recommended and expected within the planning period. Membership in this program
would grant Navassa's residents whose property may be at risk due to flood, the opportunity to
purchase flood insurance. The Town of Navassa policy is to limit any future development
' activity within the 100 year floodplain.
(2)(b)(7)✓It is the policy of Navassa that any proposed projects which may be considered should
be consistent with the existing focus and benefit the long-term goals of the Town. Development
projects policy is such that proposals must be environmentally clean, environmentally sound,
and under no circumstances will they pose any threat or offense to the Town's residents or
visitors.
(2)(b)(8) ✓It is Navassa policy that future development project proposers, for subdivisions,
should design and build appropriate infrastructure, including transportation facilities. These r .
facilities may include, but not be limited to, the following types of roads: arterial, collector and
local roads, pedestrian walkways and bike paths and lanes.
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Implementation: Zoning Ordinance— Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance —
Sedimentation & Erosion Control Planning— Capital Facilities Planning— Transportation
Planning— Subdivision Regulations
c)-appropriate land uses in AEC's
(2)(c)(1)✓The Town policy is to cooperate with other permitting agencies, including NC DCM,
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the Brunswick County Health Department, to restrict and
regulate development in coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, and public trust areas. Land uses in
these areas which are not consistent with the regulations and/or State and federal environmental
protection regulations, will not be permitted in Navassa.
(2)(c)(2)✓Navassa policy is that residential and commercial development may be permitted in
estuarine shoreline areas, provided such activity is consistent with State regulations on
development activity therein.
(2)(c)(3)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to support Nc DCM and their enforcement of the
STATE GUIDELINES FOR AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN (Subchapter 711 of
Chapter 15A of the NC Administrative Code, or 15A NCAC 7H, or the regulations governing
development activity in AEC's), that require local Land Use Plans give special attention to the
protection and appropriate development of AEC's.
(2)(c)(4)✓Navassa is aware that the public has certain established "public trust rights" to certain
land and water areas. These public areas also support recreational fisheries, waterfowl hunting,
tourism, and are .:also of significant aesthetic value. The presence of Navassa's public trust
waters gives the community an essentially untapped resource which with careful management,
may well be a valuable asset in helping to provide additional recreation resources for the Town
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in the future.
(2)(c)(5)✓In order to promote the quality of the area waters as well as to minimize the
occurrence of significant property loss due to erosion or flooding, Navassa policy is to only
allow development activities which are compatible with both the dynamic nature of the estuarine
shorelines and the natural values of the estuarine shoreline. Such uses must be consistent with
the rules defined by state and federal regulations.
(2)(c)(6)✓Navassa policy is to promote the conservation and proper management of its public
trust waters.
Implementation: State and federal rules and regulations— Zoning Ordinance— Subdivision
Regulations—
d)-development in proximity to outstanding resource waters (ORW's)
(2)(d)(1)✓Although there are no ORW's within Navassa's planning jurisdiction, the Town
policy is to fully support the NC Division of Water Quality (NC DWQ), and the identification,
classification, and protection of these waters.
e)-fragile land areas (freshwater wetlands, swamps, pocosins, 404 wetlands, cultural and historic
areas, water supply areas, man-made hazardsl
(2)(e)(1)✓It is the policy of Navassa to fully support County, State and federal regulations
which provide for the enhancement and continued protection of those "fragile areas" discussed
within this Land Use Plan Update. As follows:
(1) Freshwater Swamps and Marshes: Development activity must be consistent
with local ordinances as well as all State and federal regulations.
(2) Man Made Hazards: Three U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Superfund Sites exist within the Navassa planning jurisdiction. Two of these
three sites are on -going, and development activity near these sites should be
scrupulously analyzed for the protection of future development projects. It is the
policy of Navassa to review carefully any industrial permit request which may
cause environmental problems in the area. Development should pose no threat to
Navassa citizen's health, property or quality of life.
(3) Archaeologic or Historical Areas: The destruction or endangerment of any
of these types of resources will not be permitted by the Town of Navassa.
(4) Prime Farmland: Navassa will only allow development to occur in areas
where soil suitability is compatible with the development proposed.
(5) Wildlife Habitat Areas: It is the policy of Navassa to support wildlife and
wildlife habitat. Any areas in Navassa which may become designated as public
wildlife sanctuaries, and which are suitable for wildlife species, will be supported
by Navassa. Privately owned areas designated as wildlife sanctuaries are
consistent with Navassa policy.
(6) Watersheds: It is the policy of Navassa to support the NC DWQ's
classification of surface waters in order to enhance and protect the quality of these
waters. Navassa also supports the NC Division of Marine Fisheries, which
classifies the Brunswick River at Navassa as prime nursery area (PNA).
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Implementation: Enforcement of NC CRC Rules & Regulations— Protection of 404
Wetlands & Navigation Channels by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers— Local Ordinances —
Local Stormwater Planning & Enforcement—
f)-water quality problems and management measures designed to reduce surface water quality
problems
(2)(f)(1)✓Navassa policy is to give priority to environmental concerns, in particular water
quality, when considering the construction and maintenance of transportation facilities.
(2)(f)(2)✓It the policy of Navassa to prevent further degradation of the areas streams' water
quality and to prevent the loss of public trust uses in the creeks and sounds. It is the policy of
Navassa to bring all area waters up to the highest quality possible.
(2)(f)(3)✓The Town policy is to pursue Clean Water Management Trust Fund grants for the
purchase and acquisition of land bordering streams so as to protect water quality.
(2)(f)(4)✓The Town policy is to pursue NC DCM grants for planning projects which will
improve area water quality.
(2)(f)(5)✓Navassa policy is to control development activities within area watersheds to help
prevent the degradation of water quality in the local creeks and rivers and to ensure the
protection of these vital natural resources.
(2)(f)(6)✓It is the policy of Navassa to permit use of shoreline and public trust waters that
provide benefits to the public, and which satisfy the riparian access needs of private property
owners.
Implementation: Local Stormwater Planning— Application for Grant Funds for Purchase
of Buffers— Zoning Ordinance— Subdivision Regulations— State Regulations
g)-protection of wetlands
(2)(g)(1)✓Navassa does not encourage development in locations with soil limitations for
foundations.
(2)(g)(2)✓Navassa believes that high density development should be directed away from
wetlands areas.
(2)(g)(3)✓The Town of Navassa acknowledges that the burden of wetlands protection has fallen
to local governments because State and federal agencies are not doing enough to protect these
resources. Navassa sees an important land use issue where nobody knowledgeable about the
issue seems to be in charge (with the exception of NC DCM when 404 wetlands are within the
AEC) and where management of the development or destruction of these areas seems to have
taken precedence over regulatory efforts to preserve and protect them.
Implementation: Local Ordinances— U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 404 Wetlands
Program
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h)--flood hazard areas
(2)(h)(1)✓Navassa policy is to permit development to take place in noted flood hazard areas.
This development will be at risk of flooding.
(2)(h)(2)✓A significant amount of land in Navassa, located adjacent to the Cape Fear &
Brunswick River and Sturgeon Creek, is located in the 100 year flood zone. Navassa will
consider becoming a member of the National Flood Insurance Program within the planning
period of this document. The Town policy is to enact and enforce a Flood Damage Prevention
Ordinance.
(2)(h)(2)✓It is Navassa policy that development activity in areas subject to flood should be
limited and should be accomplished with special plans and an understanding of the threat of
flood.
(2)(h)(3)✓Navassa policy is that the placement of public utilities in areas subject to flood may
be unavoidable, however, placement of these utilities should be done only in a careful manner
with contingency plans made for the protection of resources and alternatives measures
considered as a means of providing service during which time (as in following a flood) where
damage may have caused a disruption of service.
Implementation: Zoning Ordinance— Subdivision Regulations— State and Federal
Regulations
i)--local resource development issues
(2)(i)(1)✓A basic statement of policy -- The Town of Navassa has zoning and subdivision
ordinances in place. These ordinances regulate development within Navassa's planning
jurisdiction, excepting the waters of Sturgeon Creek (which are public trust waters which are
regulated by the NC CRC staffed by the NC DCM) and the Brunswick and Cape Fear Rivers.
Enforcement is through a cooperative agreement with Brunswick County.
(2)(i)(2)✓Navassa's long range policy is to establish a comprehensive recreation program which
will include a system of parks, trails and greenways.
(2)(i)(3)✓It is Town policy to eliminate illegal trash dumping and local landfills through strict
monitoring and enforcement of local ordinances.
(2)(i)(4)✓Navassa policy is to work in concert with area local governments to require that
industrial permitting on the Brunswick and Cape Fear Rivers does not exceed the carrying
capacity of these rivers.
(2)(i)(5) ✓The Town of Navassa policy is to preserve a certain percentage of its planning area in
a "natural" or "open area" state. The means by which the Town of Navassa proposes to
accomplish this is through its Subdivision Regulations. Cooperation with development interests
will be a high priority. The rights of private property owners will be respected.
(2)(i)(6)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to consider the acceptance of donated property for the
purpose of holding such property or for some specific designated future purpose, such as
recreation or municipal or community type uses, and wishes to encourage persons who may
consider such a gift to contact Town staff or the Mayor. The Town also encourages donations of
property to land trusts or other conservation organizations. The operation and maintenance of
game preserves is consistent with Town policy.
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Implementation: Local Ordinances— Intergovernmental Cooperation Public -Private
Sector Cooperation—
j)--hazardous or fragile land areas (freshwater swamps, pocosins, 404 wetlands, cultural and
historic areas, water supply areas, man made hazards)
(2)(j)(1)✓There has been no official documentation by the State of NC of cultural
(historic/archaeologic) artifacts in Navassa to date. Local residents have expressed the need for
a comprehensive survey of the Town. Because of its location at the joining of the Cape Fear and
Brunswick River, according to NC Division of Archives and History, it is likely that the Navassa
has hosted both prehistoric and historic settlements. Navassa policy is to support the inventory
of properties required to identify such sites and will strive to protect these resources once
identified through its land use regulations.
(2)(j)(2)✓There are three existing superfund sites in Navassa. Town policy is that these areas
should be remain in an "open area" type of use and that people should not be drawn or attracted
to these sites (to live or visit) by any other area development projects. Before any development
is allowed at these or other potentially hazardous sites Town policy is that they shall have been
declared safe for any proposed use by appropriate authorities. The study and analysis of these
sites is beyond the capacity of local officials. Navassa policy is that these sites are to be avoided
by development interests.
(2)(j)(3)✓Navassa policy is to consider cultural resources preservation as a goal of planning for
any land use. This includes economic development activity, housing for all income levels, and
transportation.
(2)(j)(4)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to support County, State, and federal regulations and
policies which provide for continuing protection of those "fragile areas" discussed within this
land Use Plan.
(2)(j)(5)✓Freshwater Swamps: As Navassa policy, development activity in these areas must be
consistent with the current federal rules and regulations governing wetlands development
activity. It is the policy of the Town that development activity is discouraged in swamps,
marshes, and allowed in wetlands according to regulatory requirements.
(2)0)(6)✓Man Made Hazard Areas: It is the policy of the Town to promote industry and
industrial development which will not significantly effect the lives of residents and visitors in a
negative way. Industrial hazards policy is to mitigate these hazards through the conditional use
permit process in the Zoning Ordinance.
(2)(j)(7)✓It is the policy of the Town to preserve historic lands and properties. Development
activity which would negatively effect historic or archaeologic resources will be considered in
light of the ways these resources may be preserved or protected. Any outright destruction or
elimination of a resource of this type is prohibited by Town of Navassa policy.
(2)(j)(8)✓The Town of Navassa policy to rely upon the North Brunswick Sanitary District and
Brunswick County to notify them well in advance of any foreseeable problems concerning the
regional sanitary sewerage system or the water supply.
(2)(j)(9)✓The Town of Navassa considers its groundwater supply as extremely important and
Navassa, as a policy, encourages conservation and re -use of water resources whenever possible.
Alternative measures for conservation (such as the recycling of water) is a policy which will be
55

encouraged in Navassa.
(2)0)(10)✓The Town of Navassa supports and encourages the North Carolina Division of Water
Quality and the NC Division of Coastal Management in their efforts to educate the public on
water quality issues. Specifically, the Town supports and will consider participation in the NC
DWQ 2050) Water Quality Planning Program, with the Cape Fear Council of Governments.
The Town also supports the NC DWQ 319 grants program.
(2)0)(11)✓The Town of Navassa is a participant and a full supporter of the NC DCM Planning
& Access program. The Town of Navassa policy is to seek future participation opportunities
with the Clean Water Management Trust Fund programs.
(2)0)(12)✓The Town of Navassa offers full support for programs which will help to provide
cleaner water and will continue to work to preserve water quality in the area through compliance
with State and federal regulations and through the enactment of local regulations.
(2)0)(13)✓The Town of Navassa supports the NC DWQ's designation of ORW's.
Implementation: Local Ordinances— State & Federal Regulations— Grant Programs
Assistance Requests— Work with Public -Private Interested Agencies or Individuals
k)--means of protection for potable water supply
(2)(k)(1)✓Navassa policy is to work to ensure that all land use and development decisions
protect our groundwater aquifers.
(2)(k)(2)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to work with other area local governments and
agencies to conserve and protect the best sources of area potable surface water and groundwater.
(2)(k)(3)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to support the NC Division of Water Quality (NC
DWQ) and those rules protecting surface water supply watersheds. The Town of Navassa
supports the NC Division of Water Quality (Groundwater Section) efforts to enforce violations
and to offer assistance to those persons or entities interested in construction and development
type activity which has a potential to effect groundwater resources. The Town fully supports the
NC Division of Water Quality's (NC DWQ) rules regarding development activity near
groundwater source areas. Town policy is to enhance the protection of these areas and to
provide for groundwater recharge areas consistent with NC DWQ's rules. The Town will
support and report any violation of those rules designed by the NC DWQ to protect this
resource.
(2)(k)(4)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to support water conservation efforts.
Implementation: NC DQW (Groundwater Section) Rules and Regulations), Health
Department Regulations— Local Ordinances
I) -use of package treatment plants and requirements --- statements on the ongoing_private
operation and maintenance of the plant and provisions for public assumption should the private
operation fail
(2)(1)(1)✓In the absence of a centralized sewer system, Town of Navassa policy is that all new
and existing dwellings must have properly installed and functioning septic tanks. This will help
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minimize the likelihood of groundwater and surface water pollution from septic tanks. The
Town policy is to rely on decisions rendered by the Brunswick County Health Department
regarding soil suitability for septic tanks.
(2)(1)(2)✓The Town policy is to work jointly with area governmental agencies on a regional
sewer system. As of this date, Navassa has applied for funds through the FHA (Farmer's Home
Administration) and has entered into an agreements with Brunswick County, the North
' Brunswick Sanitary District and the Town of Leland to construct a regional sewer collection and
treatment system.
(2)(1)(3)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to eliminate spillage and runoff of sewage into area
rivers and creeks.
(2)(l)(4)✓It is Town policy that all new developments are required to connect to the public
sewage system once the system is available.
(2)(1)(5)✓Navassa policy is to support all efforts to minimize surface and groundwater pollution
from wastewater sources.
' (2)(1)(6)✓It is the policy of the Town of Navassa to require annexation of areas desiring the
extension of sewage treatment capacity.
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Implementation: Brunswick County Health Department Regulations— Local Ordinances —
Grants Program Assistance (CDBG, FHA, etc.)— Intergovernmental Cooperation on Services
Provision— Subdivision Regulations
m)-stormwater runoff associated with agriculture, residential development, mining operations,
and surface waters
(2)(m)(1)✓Consistent with previously discussed policies on development within area
watersheds, Navassa policy is to take measures necessary to see the currently identified
Brunswick River primary nursery area protected from undue encroachment, damage, or
pollution from direct water run-off or other causes. In the currently undeveloped areas adjacent
the primary nursery areas (i.e., Brunswick River and Sturgeon Creek) Town policy is that
allowable development densities and lot coverage should be kept low. Town policy is that
certain non -water dependent uses such as commercial development, may also be inappropriate in
these areas.
(2)(m)(2)✓The Town of Navassa policy is that the costs of storm water management, which are
associated with an areas rapid growth, should be equitably distributed.
(2)(m)(3)✓Navassa policy is that the proponents (and beneficiaries) of development activity will
be responsible for the costs of storm water management associated with private development
projects.
(2)(m)(4)✓Navassa policy is to work, whenever possible, to require the retention and
management of natural vegetation in buffer areas along its creeks and rivers.
(2)(m)(5)✓Navassa policy is to seek to develop a buffer acquisition program to preserve,
maintain, and protect our water quality.
(2)(m)(6)✓The Town supports NC Division of Water Quality regulations regarding stormwater
runoff resulting from development activity. It is Town policy that intensive growth and
development will not be allowed where poor drainage exists unless appropriate corrective
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improvements are to be completed as part of the project. Any revisions to the Town's Zoning
Ordinance will take this concern into consideration.
(2)(m)(7)✓The Town of Navassa considers the flooding of roads in Navassa following an
intense rain event as a situation that requires attention.
(2)(m)(8)✓It is Navassa policy that NC Department of Transportation and NC Division of Water
Quality officials will be consulted on all future public road projects. The Town wishes to work
with knowledgeable public officials so that successful solutions may be shared. It is Town
policy that stormwater ponding on roadways is unacceptable. It is further understood that the
best means of dealing with stormwater is not simply to get it out of sight. The practicat and
environmental consequences of this problem will require environmentally sound engineered
solutions.
(2)(m)(9)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to create a master drainage plan so that the threat of
flood hazard will be reduced and to improve area water quality. It is Town policy to pursue
grant funds from agencies who may have planning funds available to complete this study.
Implementation: Subdivision Regulations— Zoning Ordinance— Stormwater Regulations
(State & Local) — Transportation Planning— Sedimentation & Erosion control Regulations
n)-industrial impacts on fragile areas
(2)(n)(1)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to carefully review development proposals in order to
assess possible adverse impacts upon any fragile natural or cultural resources. For any proposed
development in previously undisturbed areas, the Town policy is to contact with the N.C.
Division of Archives and History for assessment of the possible presence of special
archaeological resources. No current industrial uses within Navassa appear to have direct impact
on noted fragile areas in the Town.
(2)(n)(2)✓There are no designated Natural or Cultural Resource Fragile Areas AEC's in
Navassa's planning area. There are no other "special natural resource fragile areas" in Navassa
(such as freshwater swamps, maritime forests, pocosins, or areas that sustain remnant species,
unique geologic formations, or special shell fishing waters). Navassa supports the protection of
these areas where they do exist. This protection is extended to that portion of the NC Natural
Heritage Program site (discussed earlier) which exists in Navassa and is known as the "Sturgeon
Creek Tidal Wetlands."
(2)(n)(3)✓Town policy regarding the impact of "industry" on the natural environment in
Navassa is that these impacts should be mitigated. The Town will continue to find its future
based on its proximity to area population centers and the Town's ability to provide a quiet
alternative location for residents in the midst of a region which is experiencing a population
boom. Navassa Town policy is that any industrial type development will be required, through
the conditional use process in the Zoning Ordinance, to mitigate any features or output which
would detract from the visual beauty of the area and which might cause excessive traffic,
noxious fumes, noise, smoke, vibration or other unpleasant side effects.
(2)(n)(4)✓Industry which complies with the standards of the Town of Navassa Zoning
Ordinance is acceptable within the Town's planning jurisdiction.
(2)(n)(5)✓It is the policy of the Town Navassa that industrial development should provide jobs
to local residents.
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' (2)(n)(6)✓Any economic development activity in Brunswick County is, generally, favored by
the Town. The Town will work with and promote success for Brunswick County Industrial
Parks and other area job creating entities.
(2)(n)(7)✓The Town will work with Brunswick County, the Town of Leland, and other area
entities (Cape Fear Council of Governments, the NC Department of Commerce, area Chambers
' of Commerce, Committees of 100, and the Southeastern North Carolina Economic Development
Commission) on the growth and enhancement of business opportunity in Navassa.
(2)(n)(8) ✓Navassa policy is that any industry which will be harmful to the human population
' through the pollution of air, land, or water, and whose effects cannot be mitigated, is not desired
within the Town. Any industrial activity which might cause visual blight, which cannot be
mitigated by the conditional use process in the Zoning Ordinance, is not desired.
Implementation: Work with Area Economic Development Efforts— Zoning Ordinance —
Subdivision Regulations
o)-marina and floating home development
' (2)(o)(1)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to oppose the development of marinas due to the
potential of excessive or irreversible damage to existing fragile or environmentally sensitive
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areas and degradation to its estuarine waters.
(2)(o)(2)✓Navassa policy is that drystacking marina facilities as undesirable and the Town does
not support the development of such facilities.
(2)(o)(3)✓The Town of Navassa is concerned with the size of boats which will use the
Brunswick River. As the River is small and shallow and contains many stumps and other debris,
for safety reasons, the Town feels users should also be small in size. The Town will not seek to
regulate boating activity.
(2)(o)(4)✓Navassa Town official's policy is that the safe use of canoes and kayaks on the
Brunswick River and Sturgeon Creek is encouraged.
(2)(o)(5)✓It is the policy of the Town of Navassa that jet skis are unwelcome on the Brunswick
River and in Sturgeon Creek.
(2)(o)(6) ✓The Town of Navassa policy is that floating homes are an inappropriate use of the
Town's water bodies.
Implementation: NC CRC Regulations, LUPUP Consistency Provisions in the CAMA,
Zoning Ordinance & Other Local Ordinances
p)-local community development issues
(2)(p)(1)✓Some locally defined issues which are important to the Town have been identified.
These issues include adequately engineered streets, available housing for low income persons,
the encouragement of industrial and commercial development, furnishing a multi -purpose
community building, adoption and implementation of a drainage plan, and well planned
waterfront development.
Implementation: Work with Area Economic Development Groups— Local Ordinances —
Transportation Plans— State & Federal Regulation
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q)--restriction of development in areas which might be susceptible to sea level rise
(2)(q)(1)✓Navassa believes that local in-depth knowledge on this issue is only hearsay and is
not solid enough to propose a realistic policy statement. Development will be allowed in
Navassa's low lying areas (which may be subject to flood hazard) according to local ordinances
and State and federal regulations.
Implementation: State & Federal Regulation
r)-upland excavation for marinas
(2)(r)(1)✓Navassa recognizes the potential adverse environmental effects of developing marinas
and boat basins in upland locations. Navassa policy is that any proposals for marina
development are environmentally unsuitable for Navassa.
(2)(r)(2)✓The Town of Navassa policy is that upland excavation for marinas is not an
acceptable process for the creation of new water areas within the municipality or its planning
jurisdiction. Marinas are not a permitted use in the Zoning Ordinance for the Town of Navassa.
Implementation: Zoning Ordinance— LUPUP Consistency Provisions— State Regulations
s)-the damaging of marsh with bulkhead installation
(2)(s)(1)✓The Town of Navassa policy is that existing marshes should not be damaged by
bulkhead construction.
(2)(s)(2)✓The Town of Navassa supports alternatives to bulkhead construction for erosion
control and stabilization methods along our marsh wetlands.
(2)(s)(3)✓It is Navassa policy that all bulkheads installed within the Town of Navassa's
planning jurisdiction must be in compliance with State and federal regulations. Drainage basins
and ponds created as a part of meeting the NC DWQ requirements for the management of
stormwater will be built in compliance with the appropriate agency's rules. The location of
these basins/ponds will be in accordance with State requirements and will be agreed upon before
final plat approval by the local government through the subdivision review process.
(2)(s)(4)✓The use of rip rap material must be consistent with State and federal rules and
regulations.
Implementation: State Agency Rules & Regulations ==1
(3) RESOURCE PRODUCTION & MANAGEMENT — Policy Statements
Care and appropriate management of productive resources is vitally important to any of North
Carolina's coastal communities. In most localities, the productive resources are intricately
connected to the economic base. Activities such as agriculture, commercial and recreational
fisheries, commercial forestry, peat or phosphate mining, and the recreational use of land are
among those resources. Navassa contains few of the traditional "productive resources." The
primary productive resources requiring policy attention within the Town's jurisdiction are
commercial and recreational fisheries and the public use of area land and water (including public
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access to the waters). Policy statements areas are presented below.
a) --productive agricultural lands
(3)(a)(1)✓According to the USDA Soil Conservation Service, there are areas of "prime
farmland" in Navassa's planning jurisdiction. There is no significant agricultural activity
occurring within the Town's planning area. Navassa recognizes the importance of preserving
the region's "prime farmland."
(3)(a)(2)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to encourage the in -Town transition of currently
existing agricultural type operations to commercial and residential type uses. Navassa policy is
to encourage industrial and light manufacturing operations.
(3)(a)(3)✓It is the policy of Navassa that certain agricultural type operations are prohibited.
These operations include agriculture -livestock type operations where many animals are confined
together and raised for sale to meat processing and manufacturing concerns. The agriculture -
livestock limitations do not apply to any animals ordinarily considered pets (dogs, cats, birds,
pot-bellied pigs, etc.)
(3)(a)(4)✓It is the policy of the Town of Navassa that agricultural uses of land within the
Town's planning jurisdiction will not be discouraged. The uninhibited widespread heavy use of
substances which may be necessary for farms (i.e., pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers) and
which pose a threat (or which may pose a threat) to human health and water quality is
discouraged.
Implementation: Zoning Ordinance— Subdivision Regulations
b)-commercial forest lands
(3)(b)(1)✓Navassa discourages the premature conversion of the planning areas remaining
commercial woodlands into more intensive uses.
(3)(b)(2)✓Navassa policy is to encourage the protection of our trees for the benefit of the
community today and for future generations. It is Navassa policy to protect our commercial
forests.
(3)(b)(3)✓It is the policy of the Town of Navassa to support the efficient planting and
harvesting of North Carolina's commercial forest lands.
(3)(b)(4)✓It is the policy of Town officials that the harvesting of timber near waters should be
discouraged. If this activity must occur the Town supports adoption of State regulations
requiring vegetative buffers as a means of mitigating water quality degradation.
(3)(b)(5)✓Navassa policy is that the harvesting of commercial forests should be done in a
manner which will protect water quality and which will allow for the immediate re -use of these
areas as forest or for residential -commercial type uses as described in the Zoning Ordinance.
Implementation: Zoning Ordinance— Subdivision Regulations
c)-commercial and recreational fisheries. including nursery and habitat areas
(3)(c)(1)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to diminish the amount of stormwater runoff draining
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directly into the Brunswick River. The Town supports the regulation of land development
adjacent water bodies as a means of improving, or helping to improve, water quality. Because of
the sensitivity of certain soils near productive water bodies, and because of current absence of
centralized sewer, Navassa believes that the density of development and placement of septic
tanks in these areas should be carefully and strictly regulated through local ordinances.
(3)(c)(2)✓Navassa policy is to support the continued productivity of commercial and
recreational fisheries through the protection of the unique coastal marshes upon which they
depend.
(3)(c)(3)✓It is the policy of the Town of Navassa to work with other regional interests to
maintain or improve the quality of water and the abundance of the fisheries resource available to
area residents and visitors. The Town wishes to work with the North Carolina Division of
Marine Fisheries and other appropriate agencies, to improve and increase habitat, propagation,
and the availability of fm fish and shellfish.
(3)(c)(4)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to work with the Brunswick Community College
school of aquaculture to encourage commercial fishing operations.
(3)(c)(5)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to approve and support dredging work in the
Brunswick River if it is proven by experts that such dredging will improve fisheries habitat and
water quality.
Implementation: State & Federal Regulation— Intergovernmental Cooperation— Local
Ordinances— State & Local Stormwater Quality Planning & Regulation
d)--existing and potential mineral production areas
(3)(d)(1)✓It is the policy of the Town to prohibit mining within the Town's planning
jurisdiction. The policy is regulated through the enforcement provisions of the Town's Zoning
Ordinance.
(3)(d)(2)✓Navassa policy is that marl pits and sand mining operations are recognized as
commercial ventures which bring unpleasant side effects to existing and proposed development
and which, as a result, are operations which are unwanted within the Town's planning
jurisdiction. Marl pits and sand mining will not be allowed in the Town of Navassa by the
regulations embodied in the Town's Zoning Ordinance.
Implementation: Zoning Ordinance
e)--off-road vehicles
(3)(e)(1)✓Navassa policy is to support efforts to control the public use of off -road vehicles on
government owned lands in ecologically sensitive areas. This policy on off -road vehicles is not
pertinent to public works projects or emergency vehicles.
(3)(e)(2)✓It is the policy of the Town of Navassa to allow private property owners and their
friends, visitors, acquaintances, and other persons to whom they may have given permission, to
enjoy freely the ability to use any portion of that private property available and to enjoy that
same property by whatever means and to the maximum extent possible.
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' (3)(e)(3)✓It is Town policy that jet skis are unwelcome on Sturgeon Creek and the Brunswick
River.
(3)(e)(4)✓Navassa policy is that jet ski businesses wishing to rent or persons wishing to use
these water craft are invited to look elsewhere in Brunswick County for a location to enjoy.
Implementation: Nuisance Ordinance— Zoning Ordinance
f)—residential. commercial and industrial impacts on any resource
(3)(f)(1)✓Town policy is to encourage future growth according to the land use policy contained
in this document and to revise, as necessary, those regulations currently in place to provide
consistency with the Town of Navassa's long-range plan. It is the intention of Town officials
that new development's impacts on the natural and built (pre-existing) environment should be
negligible and that the impacts of all development should take into consideration those factors
which will enhance the quiet, small Town character and quality of life enjoyed by the residents
of Navassa.
(3)(f)(2)✓Town policy is that residential development will be encouraged, as much as possible,
to occur in a manner which will not overload traffic conditions. It is Town policy that the Land
Use Plan, Zoning Ordinance and Subdivision regulations will be revised as necessary as a means
of implementing this policy.
(3)(f)(3)✓It is Navassa policy that the development of new streets and roads as a part of the
residential growth process will be carefully studied before any new subdivisions are approved.
(3)(f)(4)✓It is Navassa policy that utilities provisions required as apart of the Subdivision
Regulations will be revised, as necessary, to require future (or potential) Town residents the
opportunity to enjoy the full range of services available to the older residential areas.
(3)(f)(5)✓Navassa Town policy is that additional commercial development is desired by Town
officials. Commercial activity which would add to the economic base of the Town would be
welcomed by Town officials provided that the activity is environmentally safe, clean, and
consistent with current State, federal, and local regulatory requirements.
(3)(f)(6)✓It is Navassa policy that development activity which would be harmful to property
values or the quality of life of those residents already established is discouraged. Compatibility
of proposed development with the Land Classification Map (located in the back of this
document) is desired.
(3)(f)(7)✓Industrial development policy in the Town of Navassa is to encourage industrial type
' uses. There is much open and available land within the Town which would be suitable for
industry. Development of industry must be consistent with the Town's Zoning Ordinance.
(3)(f)(8)✓Navassa Town policy is to encourage heavy industrial development activity within the
region and within Navassa.
(3)(f)(9)✓Navassa policy is that any commercial or industrial development in Navassa should be
of a type which is compatible with residential development which may occur in relatively close
proximity to the industry. Industrial development should be located in such a way as to avoid
the use of residential streets by large, heavy, truck traffic.
(3)(f)(l0)✓Developers (residential, commercial or industrial) shopping for a location should
contact Town officials early in the process to discuss the activity.
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Implementation: Subdivision Regulations— Zoning Ordinance— Focused Cooperative
Economic Development & Recruiting— Local & Regional Transportation Planning
g)-peat, phosphate or limestone mining impacts on any resource
(3)(g)(1)✓Navassa policy is to work with Brunswick County on the defeat of any mining
proposals in the Navassa vicinity.
(3)(g)(2)✓The mining of peat or phosphate within the planning jurisdiction of the Town of
Navassa is prohibited by ordinance. As mining operations are generally unpleasant to the
persons living in an area near where these activities occur, and as there are currently no mines in
the Navassa area, it is the policy of the Town to oppose any mining operations requesting to
locate within the municipal boundary. The Town also wishes to go on record opposing any
mining operations which may wish to locate in Brunswick County near the Town of Navassa.
The Town will work with the County to oppose such operations.
Implementation: Zoning Ordinance
(4) ECONOMIC & COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT — Policy Statements
The following policies are specifically concerned with the continuing economic development of
the Town of Navassa. These policies are effective upon adoption of this document.
al -tunes of development desired
(4)(a)(1)✓Community Attitude Toward Growth: The Town of Navassa is expected to grow
within the planning period. The Town of Navassa desires to manage this growth. The Town's
policy toward growth is expressed in the following comments: Navassa believes in managing
and directing the Town's growth and development. It is Town policy that population and
growth guidance should be based on: 1) the suitability of land to accommodate the use; 2) the
capacity of the environment; 3) compatibility with Town goals; 4) densities allowable in
sensitive areas; and 5) the availability of support facilities and services.
(4)(a)(2)✓Navassa policy is to encourage small business development.
(4)(a)(3)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to ensure that all citizens are afforded safe and decent
housing.
(4)(a)(4)✓Navassa policy is to provide a housing program for renovated and new affordable
housing for low and moderate income resident families.
(4)(a)(5)✓Navassa policy is to require that all housing is safe and brought up to code.
(4)(a)(6)✓Navassa policy is to require that all housing is sanitary and up to code.
(4)(a)(7)✓Navassa's policy is to prohibit demolition of existing housing without a thorough
review of options for restoration and or moving the structure to a more suitable location.
Navassa will seek to strengthen community development guidelines on what is to be torn down
versus what is to be preserved.
(4)(a)(8)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to seek to protect trees and to encourage landscaping
of parking lots, residential areas, and commercial and industrial projects.
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(4)(a)(9)✓It is the policy of the Town of Navassa to encourage residential growth.
(4)(a)(10)✓The Town of Navassa encourages commercial growth. It is the policy of the Town
to work with and to encourage commercial activity which is consistent with current regulations
and which will provide jobs, make retail type amenities available to Navassa residents and
visitors, and provide for convenient shopping opportunities. It is the policy of the Town to
encourage clean and quiet commercial type development. The Town will work, through the
upgrade of local ordinances and community revitalization efforts, to enhance the availability of
goods and services.
(4)(a)(1 I)✓Navassa's policy is that traditional, heavy, industrial development is possible within
the Town of Navassa. Light industry is encouraged. Industries which have large stacks spewing
voluminous amounts of smoke and any industry generating large amounts of traffic which will
bother residents should expect to have to meet special requirements and restrictions. Light
manufacturing is desired.
(4)(a)(12)✓It is the policy to the Town of Navassa to allow the placement of a regional
wastewater treatment plant and other utilities within the Town's planning jurisdiction.
(4)(a)(13)✓Town officials policy is to discourage the use and storage of large amounts of
hazardous substances (chemicals, pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers) in areas close to any
Town, individual, or community well systems. These same substances are not appropriately
located if they are in close proximity to residential development. Town officials wish to note
that runoff into streams from landscaping activity has been recognized as a problem within the
State. Navassa policy is to strongly encourage the use of hazardous substances/products for
landscaping in a careful manner and only as needed.
Implementation: Zoning Ordinance— Focused Economic Development & Recruiting —
Intergovernmental Cooperation— Brunswick County Code Enforcement— Minimum
Housing Code— Subdivision Regulations— Public -Private Sector Cooperation— State -
Federal -Private Grant Program Assistance
b)-tunes and locations of industries desired
(4)(b)(1)✓Navassa policy on industry is that the Town would prefer to see industries developed
which would be clean. Light manufacturing and/or assembly industries would be preferable.
The preferred location for industry would be in Town in areas appropriately zoned. The Town,
in conjunction with the County, would like to develop an additional industrial park or parks,
according to the following standards: IrThe developer must provide an assessment of the impact
of the industry and the Town will be assured of the use of the best available technology so as to
avoid air or water pollution during construction or operation. IrThe project will be located on
land having stable, well -drained soils. The site should be located in an area which is adequately
protected from flooding and should be accessible to existing public utilities and transportation
routes. IrNavassa and Brunswick County will provide, as much as is locally and economically
feasible, basic support services such as water and sewer to newly locating industries. Services
connection will be required and the costs for connection to an existing system will be absorbed
by the industry.
(4)(b)(2)✓Navassa policy is to review the siting of all industries, including energy facilities and
65

high voltage utilities, to ensure the protection of area residents and natural resources.
(4)(b)(3)✓The Town of Navassa encourages industry which will allow the Town to keep the
small Town character that long-term residents of Navassa have come to enjoy.
(4)(b)(4)✓The Town of Navassa policy is that responsible industrial development in Navassa
and the region which will not adversely affect the natural environment or the quality of life
enjoyed by current or future residents is desired. Industrial sites should be adjacent water or
sewer lines or willing to connect to existing water or sewer lines and must have an approved
system of handling any possible by-products or waste products which may be unsightly or
dangerous to human beings.
(4)(b)(5)✓Navassa policy is to mitigate industrial development which has the potential for
infringement or violation of the aesthetic sensibilities (in those ways which may be perceived by
the five human senses) of the established or future residential community.
Implementation: Zoning Ordinance— Cooperative Economic Development & Recruiting
c)--local commitment to providing services to development
(4)(c)(1)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to seek to provide appropriate municipal services to
support and encourage desired development. The provision of services shall be based on the
Town's financial capacity and the economic feasibility of those services.
(4)(c)(2)✓It is Navassa policy to consider the adoption of a system of impact fees for
infrastructure improvements.
(4)(c)(3)✓Navassa policy is to provide timely, cost-effective and efficient, capital facilities and
community infrastructure services based on anticipated growth and demand.
(4)(c)(4)✓It is Town policy to work together with area infrastructure service providers and to
coordinate services provision with other governmental agencies whenever it is found to be cost
effective and feasible.
(4)(c)(5)✓It is Town policy to provide public sewer service with priority to areas with
malfunctioning and inadequate septic systems and package treatment plants (especially those in
environmentally sensitive areas).
(4)(c)(6) ✓Navassa will strengthen development regulations for subdivisions and will require an
escrow payment or performance bond for development projects where all infrastructure needs
are not met prior to final plat approval.
(4)(c)(7)✓Navassa policy is to review the existing zoning ordinance upon adoption and/or
subsequent amendment to a local Thoroughfare Plan. It is anticipated that this will help to
ensure appropriate development according to the zoning districts described and will help to
ensure cost effective services provision.
(4)(c)(8)✓It is the policy of the Town of Navassa to provide public services to all areas of
Town. Services available to municipal residents within the planning period are expected to
include water, sewer, trash collection, police, and administrative services. Services will be
provided, as required by law and as feasible, to any new areas of the Town.
(4)(c)(9)✓Navassa policy is that new developments will be required to construct and to connect
to the municipal/regional sewer system and the public water system.
(4)(c)(10)✓As a means of providing services to current residents, future residents, and the
business community, the Town of Navassa is committed to the following policies:

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w'The Town of Navassa will work with the Wilmington MPO and the NC Department of
Transportation to keep the Transportation Plan up to date.
O'The Town of Navassa will work with the Committee of 100, the Chamber of
Commerce, the Cape Fear Council of Governments, NC Southeast, the NC Division of
Coastal Management (and other State and federal agencies), and the Brunswick County
Economic Development Department to market the Town to interested parties.
NrThe Town of Navassa will develop a systematic means of communication between the
Planning Board and the Town Council. The Town will also work to develop and
maintain communication with State, federal, and Brunswick County officials.
O'The Town will work to access grant funding to revise ordinances and to make other
changes deemed necessary by the Town Council, the Planning Board and staff.
Implementation: Transportation Planning— Grants Program Assistance Will Be Sought —
Intergovernmental Cooperation— Zoning Ordinance— State & Federal Regulations—
d)-types of urban growth patterns desired
(4)(d)(1)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to preserve and promote a quiet, peaceful, low -density
atmosphere for the Town. Through implementation of this policy the Town ecpects to see a
mixture of orderly urban land uses develop. The primary land use in Navassa will be for
residential (housing) and commercial development.
Housing: It shall be the policy of Navassa to continue to
encourage the development of a variety of housing type so as
to meet the needs of existing and future citizens through the
following:
*To maintain areas exclusively for conventional single-family
dwellings for the growing population.
*To provide an area for mobile homes to accommodate
permanent occupancy.
*To require new residential subdivisions to provide lands for
public recreation use, or a fee in lieu of land, through the
Subdivision Ordinance.
Commercial Development: The Town wishes to enhance and
promote quality commercial development through the
following:
*To encourage business to locate in areas most able to support
commercial activity.
*To encourage the formation of a local Chamber of Commerce
or Merchant's Association in Navassa.
(4)(d)(2)✓It is policy for the Town of Navassa to direct development to locations where
lenvironmental conditions and supporting infrastructure are appropriate.
(4)(d)(3)✓Navassa policy is to encourage the location of commercial development projects in
designated commercial areas in the Zoning Ordinance.
(4)(d)(4)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to balance the need for continuing workplace
1 67

(commercial -industrial) growth with the enhancement of neighborhoods, community centers and
government buildings, as well as for continuing improvement and expansion of economic
opportunity for all.
(4)(d)(5)✓Navassa policy is to restrict commercial and industrial encroachment into residential
areas.
(4)(d)(6)✓Navassa policy is to allow growth to occur based on neighborhood considerations and
not on a single development proposal.
(4)(d)(7)✓It is the policy of the Town Navassa to encourage growth to occur adjacent to existing
water and sewer service lines. New developments will be required to connect to these services
when available. Navassa's policy on services extension to those areas where infrastructure does
not currently exist is that infrastructure must be built by those developers who wish to
accommodate a new development project. The Town wishes to protect and to enhance business
opportunity. It is the policy of the Town of Navassa to accommodate growth without ruining the
natural beauty of the area. The Town will use this Land Use Plan Update, the Subdivision
Regulations, and the Zoning Ordinance as the means to implement this policy and to direct all
future residential, commercial, and industrial type growth.
Implementation: Zoning Ordinance— Subdivision Regulations— Transportation
Planning— Grants Program Assistance Will Be Sought for Services (water & sewer, roads,
etc.) Extensions
e)-redevelopment of developed areas (relocation of structures and facilitiesi
(4)(e)(1)✓There are older developed areas within Navassa's planning jurisdiction. The Town
encourages and supports redevelopment of these areas for the purpose of land use compatibility
and aesthetics. Restoration/fix up of any historic structures is encouraged. It is the Town's
policy that redevelopment, like new development, must be conducted according to existing
development guidelines as may be reflected in future zoning, Subdivision, Flood Damage
Prevention Ordinances and others. Some areas of the Town are in need of revitalization, such as
provided through small Cities Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) programs.
Navassa intends to pursue funding through the CDBG program for redevelopment projects.
(4)(e)(2)✓It is the policy of the Town of Navassa to work with residents and agency personnel
and programs to repair, upgrade, and improve housing conditions. (1) creating and enforcing the
Town's Minimum Housing Code; (2) coordinating any redevelopment efforts with the Building
Inspections Department; (3) enforcing the Zoning Ordinance requirements on non -conforming
uses.
(4)(e)(2)✓It is the policy of the Town of Navassa to allow reconstruction of structures
demolished by natural disaster when the reconstruction complies with all existing (state, federal,
and local) regulations.
(4)(e)(3)✓t is the intention of the Town to become a member of the National Flood Insurance
Program administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and to allow Federal
Flood Insurance to be available to residents.
(4)(e)(4)✓It is the policy of the Town to consider the purchase of any land which may become
available (through the destruction of structures) as a result of a catastrophic event. Purchase and

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redevelopment of the Town's waterfront and creation of greenways and buffers is considered a
possibility under such circumstances.
Implementation: Stormwater Planning— Zoning Ordinance— Sign Ordinance— Flood
Damage Prevention Ordinance— Minimum Housing Code— CDBG Program Assistance —
Intergovernmental Cooperation— Brunswick County Code Enforcement Assistance
f)-commitment to state and federal programs highway improvements, recreation, policegrants,
military facilities, etc.l
(4)(f)(1)✓Navassa is receptive to all those State and federal programs that will provide some
benefit to the Town, County, and region. It is the policy of the Town to continue to fully
support such programs. (An incomplete list of some important programs includes: NC Division
of Coastal Management Planning Program, NC Division of Parks & Recreation Programs to
fund recreation areas, NC Division of Community Assistance & U. S. Department of Housing &
Urban Development Community Development Block Grant Program, NC Division of Travel and
Tourism promotion efforts, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers regulatory and permitting programs,
NC Department of Transportation road and bridge improvement programs, N; Division of
Water Quality/Water Quality Planning Program, Farmers Home Administration loans for local
water and sewer service projects, Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood Insurance
Program, NC Department of Commerce Industrial Recruiting Programs, Southeastern Regional
Economic Development Commission Economic Development Programs, Cape Fear Council of
Governments programs, and others as may be found in the catalog of federal domestic assistance
or the NC community resource information system (CRIS).)
(4)(f)(2)✓The Town of Navassa will actively pursue grant funds to provide for community
needs. Some special areas of focus for these grants will be crime control and public safety, fire
protection, rescue services, water & sewer, housing improvements, economic development, and
recreation. The Town of Navassa will utilize existing public assets (Town Hall and the
community building, schools, and park areas) to help to meet community needs.
Implementation: Grants Program Assistance Will Be Sought (Various Agencies}— Inter -
Agency & Intergovernmental Cooperation— Transportation Planning— Stormwater Planning
g)-energy facility siting and development
(4)(g)(1)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to support the development of industrial uses within
the Town's boundaries. Navassa policy is to mitigate hazards which may be caused by the
location or development of energy facilities within Town. Any industrial proposal which would
substantially increase hazards within Navassa's jurisdiction (including the storage and/or trans-
shipment of crude oil) will be carefully scrutinized.
(4)(g)(2)✓It is the policy of the Town of Navassa to oppose offshore continental shelf (OCS)
drilling for gas or oil.
(4)(g)(3)✓The location of any shore side OCS facilities at Navassa would be inconsistent with
local policy.
(4)(g)(4)✓The Town of Navassa promotes and supports a clean and healthy environment for its
residents.
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(4)(g)(5)✓The Town is concerned about the issue of energy facility siting to the extent that
citizen's health, safety, and welfare, may be effected. The Town's policy includes the following:
No energy facility which will clear cut an area consisting of greater than 3 acres of wooded
property is allowed without buffers which will be constructed to shield all noise and visual blight
created by energy facility type development from area residents. Special conditions in addition
to this may be imposed on facilities which are permitted as a conditional use.
(4)(g)(6)✓Any water resource intensive type development activity will be required to use North
Brunswick Sanitary District service.
Implementation: Local Ordinances
h)-assistance to channel maintenance
(4)(h)(1)✓It is the policy of the Town of Navassa to support shoreline erosion control and
channel maintenance projects:
®XWhen there will be no significant adverse impacts on shoreline dynamics;
®XWhen economic or recreational benefits will occur for Navassa area residents; and,
®XWhen the public shoreline will be the primary beneficiary in erosion control projects
(4)(h)(2)✓The Town of Navassa recognizes that tax revenues are being used to provide for
channel maintenance projects. This expenditure promotes both international and interstate
commerce as well as local commercial fishing opportunity and opportunity for recreational
boaters. The Town of Navassa supports such efforts. It is Town policy to decline the
opportunity to participate in any direct funding of channel maintenance or beach nourishment
prof ects.
Implementation: State & Federal Regulation
i)-tourism
(4)(i)(1)✓In the future, travel and tourism could become more significant to Navassa and could
contribute significantly to the Town's economic base. Navassa policy is to support the
promotion, development and expansion of area travel and tourism facilities.
(4)(i)(2)✓It is the policy of Navassa to support the location of a convention center or sports
facility within the Town's planning jurisdiction.
(4)(i)(3)✓T11e Town of Navassa strongly supports tourism. The Town recognizes tourists as a
vital and important part of the economy of the region and the state.
(4)(i)(4)✓It is the policy of the Town of Navassa to grow toward a position where the regional
tourist influx may be enjoyed to its maximum economic potential.
(4)(i)(5)✓As a means of achieving the goal of enhancing tourism and encouraging visitors, the
Town of Navassa supports NC Department of Transportation road improvement projects which
will improve access (ingress and egress) to the region and the Town of Navassa.
(4)(i)(6)✓The Tov,n of Navassa supports all intergovernmental cooperative efforts at marketing
the region.
(4)(i)(7)✓Navassa supports the activities of the NC Division of Travel and Tourism.
(4)(i)(8)✓The Town Navassa wishes to cooperate in promoting the area with those entities
which can make a difference in marketing the region (such as Chambers of Commerce and
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Visitors Bureaus).
Implementation: Regional & Intergovernmental Cooperation— Transportation Planning —
Work on Regional Promotion Activity with Chambers of Commerce & Visitor's Bureaus
j)-public beach and waterfront access
(4)0)(1)✓It is the policy of Navassa to continue to provide access to public trust waters through
the development and redevelopment of parks and boat launching areas. Development and
redevelopment activity shall be consistent with the need to protect the areas natural resources.
Navassa will, in the future, seek financial assistance from State and federal sources to support
the development, and/or expansion, of parks and recreational facilities in appropriately sited
locations.
(4)0)(2)✓As a waterfront community, Navassa recognizes both the need for provision of parks
and open space and adequate public access to the water. Navassa supports the CRC's Public
Access Program and recognizes the need to plan for recreational facilities in appropriately sited
locations.
(4)0)(3)✓The Town will seek to acquire conservation easements for floodplain areas.
(4)0)(4)✓It is the policy of Town officials to support beach and estuarine water access projects
within Brunswick County and throughout coastal North Carolina.
Implementation: PARTF Applications— Grant Assistance from Available Funding
Programs— Local Ordinances (Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance, Zoning Ordinance,
Subdivision Regulations, etc.)— Stormwater Planning
k)-recreational services
(4)(k)(1)✓The Town of Navassa will support the exploration, assessment and development of
estuarine access opportunities for the public to enjoy. The Town wishes to
construct/buy/develop more recreation opportunities for local citizens.
(4)(k)(2)✓The Town will seek County, State, and federal funds to expand both passive and
active park and recreational lands and public water access (including the Davis Creek Access).
(4)(k)(3)✓The Town will provide public recreational facilities and open space to service the
growing population.
(4)(k)(4)✓The Town of Navassa will pursue outside (such as private foundations) funding
sources for recreational facility development (including expansion of the Davis Creek Access).
(4)(k)(5)✓It is Navassa policy to develop a pedestrian and bicycle path, to increase pedestrian
sidewalks, and to strictly enforce traffic laws.
(4)(k)(6)✓The Town will require new development projects to make provisions for a
comprehensive network of bicycle and pedestrian facilities on collector streets and arterials.
(4)(k)(7)✓The Town of Navassa supports the development of parks and recreational facilities
for the benefit of its residents and visitors.
(4)(k)(8)✓The Town of Navassa will create a Master Plan for Recreation.
(4)(k)(9)✓The Town of Navassa currently has a Recreation Department! The Town will
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continue to work to improve the local provision of recreational opportunity. Navassa policy on
recreation is to work with the Brunswick County Parks and Recreation Department to help meet
municipal and area need.
Implementation: PARTF Applications— Grant Assistance from Available Funding
Programs— Recreation Planning— Intergovernmental Cooperation— Continuation of
Working with Brunswick County Parks & Recreation Department— Transportation
Planning— Subdivision Regulations
I) -types densities, location,• units per acre etc of anticipated residential development and
services necessary to support such development
(4)(1)(1)✓It is Navassa policy to require developers to identify the impacts of their development
on roads, schools, stormwater and sewer and to pay a fee proportionate to their impact on these
systems.
(4)(1)(2)✓At such time as they are available, it is Town policy that all new development must be
connected to the public water and regional sewerage system.
(4)(1)(3)✓It is the policy of the Town of Navassa to encourage low density type development
activity.
(4)(1)(4)✓It is Navassa policy that those areas zoned commercial or deemed suitable for multi-
family, duplexes, or mobile or manufactured homes will be required to have adequate buffers
separating these commercial or housing areas from areas zoned for single-family residential
occupancy.
(4)(1)(5)6/Navassapolicy is to encourage commercial growth. Town officials are interested in
hearing from prospective businesses who may wish to choose Navassa as a place to locate.
(4)(1)(6) ✓In the face of all the changes anticipated in the future, Navassa wishes to keep the
small Town atmosphere which has long been enjoyed by residents and visitors.
Implementation: Zoning Ordinance— Subdivision Regulations --Transportation Planning —
Capital Facilities Planning— Public -Private Sector Cooperation
Section 5: CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION POLICIES
Navassa recognizes that an important element in developing and implementing any local policies
or plans is the involvement of the citizens. Public involvement with this Land Use Plan Update
began early in the process. Early in the planning process meetings were held with the Navassa
Town Council. These meetings were organizational and served to set the ground work for plan
production. A Citizen Participation Plan was adopted February 19, 1998. Monthly meetings
with the Navassa Planning Board commenced following the adoption of the Citizen Participation
Plan. An advertised Public Hearing was held on April 15, 1998, to discuss the community
vision for the future and to create a vision statement. At each meeting where the Land Use Plan
was on the agenda the meeting was open to the public. At each meeting there were opportunities
for those present to speak out about the Land Use Plan and Plan content.
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Throughout the plan updating process, Navassa has demonstrates its desire to keep citizens
informed of the planning process by giving them opportunities to provide public input and
thereby participate in the decision making process.
a) -description of the means to be used for public education on planningissues
(5)(a)(1)✓It is Town policy that the regular meetings of the Navassa Planning Board will be
open to the public and will be the opportunity for citizens to participate in decisions on land use.
b)-description of the means to be used for continuing_ public participation in planning
(5)(b)(1)✓It is Navassa policy that the regular meetings of the Navassa Town Council and the
Planning Board will continue to be open and to allow public participation.
(5)(b)(2)✓Navassa will develop a public information program.
c)-description of the means to be used for obtaining citizen input in developing land use plan
op licy
(5)(c)(1)✓Navassa policy is to provide continuing opportunity through citizen surveys, public
hearings and public meetings, issuance of press releases, and coordination with the Chamber of
Commerce or the Committee of 100 on projects planned or under construction.
(5)(c)(2)✓Navassa believes that its Planning Board, which has regularly scheduled meetings, all
of which are open to the public, provides opportunities for citizens to air their views and
concerns about planning matters. The Planning Board will continue to be the primary vehicle
for citizens' input.
Section 6: OTHER LOCAL POLICY ISSUES— Policy Statements
(6)(1)✓It is the policy of the Town of Navassa to support the replacement of the Sturgeon Creek
and Mill Creek bridges.
(6)(2)✓It is the policy of the Town to pave all dirt roads as fmancially feasible.
(6)(3)✓Town officials will work with Carolina Power and Light in establishing a community -
wide street lighting system throughout the Town.
(6)(4)✓Town officials will continue to explore all methods to furnish and to upgrade the
Navassa community center.
(6)(5)✓Navassa policy is to complete Phase II of the Davis Creek Waterfront Access project by
using local, county, state, and federal funding sources.
'w Section 7: NAVASSA STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST -DISASTER
RECOVERY & EVACUATION— Policy Statements
T The Town of Navassa's policies regarding storm hazard mitigation, evacuation and post -disaster
P g g g
recovery are supportive of the Brunswick County Storm Hazard Mitigation, Evacuation, and
Post -Disaster Plan. Navassa does not currently participate in the National Flood Insurance
Program administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). This is a
situation which will change during the planning period. There is potential for flooding along the
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lower elevations bordering the Brunswick River, the Cape Fear River, Sturgeon Creek, and
Davis Creek. To this date, there has been no major development in the potential flood areas and
Navassa has not experienced a major flooding problem. However, as the community grows, this
potential hazard should be carefully considered in the future location of residential, commercial,
and industrial uses.
Navassa policy is as follows:
(7)(1)✓The Navassa Town Board supports the Brunswick County Emergency Management
Department's Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery & Evacuation Plan
(7)(1)✓The Town of Navassa will work with the Brunswick County Office of Emergency
Management to provide services and relief to area residents in the case of an emergency or
disaster.
The Brunswick County Hurricane Evacuation Plan and the Brunswick Coun , Emergency
Services Plan provide guidance to government officials, emergency services personnel, and other
agencies concerning Brunswick County's needs, means of control, and priorities in the event of
an emergency. The Plans outline specific responsibilities in the event of an emergency. These
Plans were developed in coordination with area municipalities and with interested State and
federal agencies. It is the purpose of these Plans to provide for orderly and coordinated
emergency services, as needed, for the people of Brunswick County.
a)* description of the effects of those storms to which the community may be subjected
(7)(a)(1)✓The Town of Navassa may be subject to the following emergency situations:
1 Floods-- Navassa is subject to flooding caused by rain, wind, and tides along the rivers and
the creeks. Periods of high water are generally caused by high tides in concert with rain and a
sustained wind velocity of 20-25 miles per hour out of the east, especially the northeast.
1 Hurricanes— These storms bring strong wind, rain, and a storm surge. The hurricane
season runs from June 1 through November 30 each year and this is the period of time during
which most people visit Brunswick County. Hurricanes Bertha and Fran (both in 1996, July and
September respectively) and hurricane Bonnie (1998) were the most recent storms of this type.
1 Tornadoes--- Tornadoes are intense storms of short duration which consist of rotating winds
in a funnel shaped cloud. These storms have occurred many times in southeastern North
Carolina. Tornados are known as water spouts when over water.
1 Severe winter storms--- In Brunswick County a severe winter storm occurs with some
limited regularity. The main effect of winter storms is immobility. Large areas of the County
could be isolated. Severe ice storms and the accompanying loss of power and communication
could represent a huge financial loss to citizens and industry.
1 Nuclear attack--- Hostile action may be taken against the U. S. by foreign forces resulting in
the destruction of military or civilian targets. No jurisdiction can be considered completely safe
from this kind of an attack. Even though Brunswick County or Navassa may not be a target,
radioactive fallout may occur which would require evacuation or reception of evacuees.
1 Major fires--- There is a potential for a fire in the County which would be of such
magnitude as to create significant economic impact or result in a large number of casualties.
The threat is largely seasonal, with the dryness of the spring and summer seasons causing those
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months to be the most significant in terms of fire threat. Navassa has large wooded areas within
its jurisdiction.
1 Hazardous materials-- In Brunswick County there are facilities and dealers who are
considered generators or users of hazardous materials. These materials must be transported.
There is a potential existing that a break, a fire, or an explosion associated with the transport of
these materials could happen. No hazardous materials are known to be stored in Brunswick
County in, or in the vicinity of, Navassa.
Fixed nuclear facilities-- The Carolina Power & Light Company (CP&L) operates 2
Nuclear Reactors in Brunswick County. A 10 mile emergency planning zone exists around the
Brunswick Nuclear Power Plant. Navassa is not within the 10 mile zone.
1 Aircraft--- There is a potential for an airplane crash in Brunswick County. The County is
close to large military installations and the possibility of a crash or accident associated with these
operations is possible. The closest airport to Navassa is the New Hanover County Regional
Airport. This airport is not within the planning jurisdiction of the Town of Navassa.
Rail--- The rail transportation system for Brunswick County crosses Navassa's jurisdictional
lines. It is possible, in a catastrophic situation involving large amounts of hazardous materials,
that Navassa residents could be effected. Rail transportation within New Hanover County,
across the Cape Fear River, also has the potential for hazard for the Town of Navassa.
1 Drought--- Agricultural operations in Brunswick County would be effected by drought.
There are no significant agricultural operations within Navassa's planning jurisdiction.
Earthquake— The threat of earthquake, due to a fault or ground failure, is real. Brunswick
County has experienced a history of seismic activity occurring approximately once every ten
years. For the last several hundred years, these shaky situations have been relatively minor in
effect.
1 Power failure-- The loss of electrical service from damage to the distributing system or
system generating capability may be of sufficient duration to require alternative sources of
power to prevent human suffering or property damage. Power failure can result from a blackout
or as a result of natural or man-made circumstances. The most likely circumstance where this
would effect Navassa would be as a result of a storm.
Civil disorder/terrorism-- The threat of terrorist attack or violent protest is possible in
Brunswick County.
Pipeline accident--- There are pipelines in Brunswick County which distribute natural gas
and petrochemicals to commercial and residential users. There is a potential, in the event of it
pipeline break, for fire or an explosion to result.
1 Energy emergency--- Any energy emergency will, most likely, occur in concert with a
national or State energy shortage. Navassa has no special threat to citizens or property as a
result of this hazard.
The Town of Navassa has no special plans for many of the emergencies mentioned previously
and wishes to work with the County of Brunswick on mitigation, preparedness, recovery and
evacuation.
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b)* hazards man
(7)(b)(1)✓The Storm Surge Innundation Areas Map is a part of this Land Use Plan Update and
is included as an insert in the back of this document.
c)* policies which will mitigate the effects of high wind and flooding
Storm hazard mitigation actions are, by definition, those actions which will reduce the impact of
a storm event. Storm hazard mitigation policies are those local government policies which will
aid local government administrators and appointed or elected officials with the adoption of
implementation actions which will reduce the threat of storm hazard. The types of storm events
which may catastrophically or negatively effect the Town of Navassa includes hurricanes and
tornados. Both types of storms are extremely powerful and unpredictable forces of nature.
Hurricanes are large low pressure systems which form in the tropics and may move into our
region. These storms bring strong winds. (In fact, the defining factor of a hurricane is that it
must be a tropical disturbance with winds in excess of 74 miles per hour (mph).) Hurricanes
may spawn tornados which are severe whirlwinds and which are extremely dangerous. There
are four causes of fatality and property damage during these two storm events. (1) high wind;
(2) flood; (3) wave action; and, (4) erosion. Two of these causes of property damage and
death (high wind and flood) are pertinent to Navassa.
Wind is the major determinant of a hurricane. Any tropical storm with sustained wind in excess
of 74 mph is classified as a hurricane. Hurricanes are judged by their power according to a
model known as the Saffir-Simpson scale. This measure of the power of a hurricane classes
hurricanes according to a sliding scale from 1 to 5 (with category 5 storms as the most severe).
Category 5 storms are rare. Navassa would be somewhat protected from the full brute force of a
hurricane as a result of its location. The friction or impact of the storm hitting land from the
water causes dissipation of the full force of the storm though there is still tremendous energy left
to overturn mobile homes, down power lines and other public utilities, destroy crops, and fell
trees.
Tornados are extremely forceful whirlwinds which effect a much narrower path than a hurricane.
These storms may have winds in excess of 300 mph and are the most powerful wind storms.
Rain may also be associated with these storm events. During a tornado strike, structures built by
man do not fare well and are most often completely destroyed. Tornados are more common
visitors to Brunswick County than hurricanes. Over water tornados are known as water spouts.
Man's successful efforts to mitigate the effect of tornados has been negligible due to the raw
power of these storms.
As a result of possible hurricanes and tornados, wind stress is an important consideration in
storm hazard mitigation planning for Navassa.
With the tremendous rainfall known to occur accompanying hurricanes, and with the storm surge
which may cause rivers, streams, tributaries, and branches draining an area to clog and to back
up, riverine flooding in Navassa is a hazard. Flooding during a storm event may cause extensive
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damage. Low areas exist in Town in some spots not immediately adjacent the creeks or rivers.
These areas are also subject to flood. Since hazards are known to exist, the consideration of
possible flood damage is an important part of Navassa's storm hazard mitigation policy planning.
Navassa hereby adopts the following storm hazard mitigation policies:
(7)(c)(l)✓Navassa will continue to enforce the NC Building Code, particularly those provisions
which require construction standards to meet wind resistive factors (i.e., design, wind velocity).
(7)(c)(2)✓Navassa will encourage the placement of utilities underground for all new
development.
(7)(c)(3)✓Navassa's policy is that the North Carolina Uniform Building Code is used by
Navassa to manage development and to minimize potential wind damage. It is the policy of the
Town of Navassa to support the State Building Code on wind resistant construction with design
standards of 110 mph wind loads. The Town shall require the enforcement of the NC Building
Code and especially those provisions which require construction to meet wind resistive factors.
This policy will be enforced through the Town of Navassa's cooperative effort on construction
inspection with Brunswick County.
(7)(c)(4)✓It is the policy and intention of the Town of Navassa, to participate in the National
Flood Insurance program.
(7)(c)(5)✓Navassa will discourage high intensity uses and large structures within the 100-year
floodplain through the Zoning Ordinance.
d)* policy to discourage development in those areas deemed most hazardous
(7)(d)(1)✓Navassa will discourage high intensity uses and large structures from being
constructed within the 100-year flood plain and other areas susceptible to hurricane and other
storm event flooding.
(7)(d)(2)✓It is Town policy to consider the purchase of parcels located in hazardous areas or
rendered unbuildable by storms or other events for recreation purposes. Subdividers, through
negotiation and by mutual agreement, may be required to set aside a portion of any proposed
subdivision found to be in a hazardous area as a condition for project approval due to public
safety considerations.
(7)(d)(3)✓Navassa will carefully control development activities within the 100 year floodplain
to minimize development, require low intensity uses such as open space and recreation, and
ensure strict compliance with state and federal regulations concerning wetland protection.
e)* policies dealing with the public acquisition of land in those most hazardous areas
(7)(e)(1)✓It is Town policy to consider purchasing parcels located within hazard areas or
rendered unbuildable by storms or other events for municipal purposes (including recreation).
(7)(e)(2)✓Navassa policy is that developers may be required to provide lands located in
hazardous areas as open space under circumstances related to the issuance of a conditional use
permit or as a part of the subdivision approval process.
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f)* policies dealing with evacuation
(7)(f)(1)✓The Town policy is to improve the public's awareness of the Brunswick County
Emergency Management System.
(7)(f)(2)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to operate in emergencies according to the procedures
laid out in the Brunswick County Emergency Management Plan.
(7)(f)(3)✓It is not anticipated that Navassa will be evacuated as a result of a hurricane or storm
event. It is recognized that other extreme emergency situations may require immediate
evacuation. Navassa policy is to work with the Brunswick County Office of Emergency
Management to assure the safety of citizens.
(7)(f)(4)✓The Town of Navassa policy is to work with Brunswick County, the Town of Leland,
and the Town of Belville on all matters relative to the safety of area residents and visitors.
Town officials believe Navassa will serve as a model for Brunswick County communities who
are experiencing a crisis and Town leaders suggest other communities may wish to emulate their
systematic and well thought out process.
g)* the coup , emergency management plan
(7)(g)(1)✓Navassr policy is to support plans for the safe transportation of hazardous materials,
for the clean up of spills of toxic materials, and the evacuation of area residents in response to
natural or man-made hazardous events.
(7)(g)(2)✓Navassa policy is to support and operate according to the provisions of the Brunswick
County Emergency Management Plan.
(7)(g)(3)✓The Town of Navassa has confidence in the disaster preparedness plan of the
Brunswick County Office of Emergency Management and as Town policy hereby supports,
accepts, and adopts the provisions of this plan relative to the evacuation and general safety of the
Town of Navassa.
h)* polices directing reconstruction over an extended period of time
(7)(h)(1)✓In hurricane damaged areas, the Town of Navassa policy is to give priority to those
repairs that restore service to the greatest number of people.
(7)(h)(2)✓Navassa policy is to support a development moratorium, if deemed necessary.
Because of the density of development within the Town of Navassa, which is much more
densely developed than the surrounding areas of the County, and because of the possibility of
extensive damage caused by a major storm, it may be necessary for the Town to prohibit all
redevelopment activities for a period of time following a storm event. This development
moratoria would allow Town officials the opportunity to carefully assess all damage in light of
existing policies, building regulations, and ordinances, and to determine the steps necessary for
redevelopment. This will be particularly crucial should major public facilities be destroyed.
The intent of this moratorium would be to avoid similar circumstances in the event of future
storms. If a moratorium is declared, it will be declared by the Town Council. The time frame
for this moratorium will be consistent with the extent of damage. The length of any moratorium
declared will be set by the Town Council.
✓(7)(h)(3)Post-Disaster Recovery:
Navassa officials recognize that in the event of a major storm making landfall in the vicinity
:

of Town there will very likely be damage to homes, businesses, public utilities, roads or
other features of Town which will require coordinated clean-up and prior thought given to
the process of returning to pre -storm status. As a means of assisting with this return to non -
storm status, the Town of Navassa hereby appoints a Disaster Recovery Team consisting of
the following members:
Mayor Town Council Town Clerk
The Mayor will serve as the team leader and the base of operations will be the Navassa
community building. This team will work with the Brunswick County Office of Emergency
Management and will be responsible for the following:
1. Establishing a restoration schedule.
2. Setting priorities for restoration.
3. Determining requirements for outside assistance and requesting such assistance when
beyond local capabilities.
4. Keeping appropriate County, State, and federal officials informed.
5. Keeping the public informed.
6. Assembling and maintaining records of actions taken and expenditures and
obligations incurred.
7. Recommending to the Mayor to proclaim a state of emergency ....... if warranted.
8. Commencing and coordinating clean-up, debris removal, and utility restoration which
would include coordination of restoration activities undertaken by private utility
companies (if any).
9. Coordinating repair and restoration of essential public facilities and services
in accordance with determined priorities.
10. Assisting private businesses and individual property owners in obtaining information
on the various types of assistance that might be available to them from local, State,
and federal agencies.
11. Coordinating public safety.
(7)(h)(4)✓As a further aid in the return to normal operations following a storm event, and in
circumstances where damage may be quite bad (or catastrophic) the Town will prepare a list of
local residents who should be allowed free access to the Town in the aftermath of a storm event.
I
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These people will be allowed to return in the event of a blockading of the Town. The persons on
this list will be referred to as the Damage Control Team and will include the Mayor, Town
Council, the Town Clerk and others (including Town employees, electricians, carpenters,
plumbers, volunteer fire and rescue personnel) who may be of assistance in a return to pre -storm
status.
(7)(h)(5)✓Following the storm event, the Town will begin clean-up operations and debris
removal. State and/or federal assistance will be requested and if available will be used for a
variety of purposes (including — cleaning streets, roads, bridges, culverts, etc., and to assist the
elderly and infirm who may be in immediate need of assistance).
(7)(h)(6)✓Reconstruction activity will occur in accordance with the Town's building and land
use regulations and policies.
(7)(h)(7)✓Structures which are rendered destroyed or which have sustained major damage and
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which did not conform to the Town's Building Code, Zoning Ordinance, or other storm
mitigation policy standards must be redeveloped according to those policies and regulations. In
some instances this Navassa policy will mean the relocation of buildings or structures, in other
instances this may mean no reconstruction will be allowed. Building permits to restore
structures which have received major damage or which have been destroyed and which were in
conformance with municipal ordinances and storm mitigation policy standards will be issued.
All structures suffering major damage will be repaired according to the NC Uniform Building
Code and according all other pertinent, State, local, or federal rules and regulations. All
structures which conform with the Town's ordinances and which suffered minor damage, will be
allowed to rebuild.
i)* schedule for staging and permitting repairs
(7)(i)(1)✓Navassa policy is to seek to immediately remove and clean up debris from roads
following a major storm event. The North Carolina Department of Transportation will remove
and clean up debris from publicly maintained roads immediately following a major storm event.
Private development homeowners will be responsible for the clean-up of debris on private roads.
Other State or federal agency assistance may be requested in this effort.
(7)(i)(2)✓Navassa policy on the schedule for repairs is as follows: OThose services effecting
the largest number of people will be permitted first. ©Priority will be given to those whose
needs are most extreme.
(7)(i)(3)✓Damage Assessment — Following a storm event or emergency, damage assessments
will be made to determine as quickly as possible a realistic estimate of the amount of damage
caused by a hurricane, major storm, or other emergency. Information such as the number of
structures damaged, the extent of the damage, and the total estimated value of property destroyed
will need to be developed. The following general criteria shall be used in damage assessment:
w'Destroyed — = repairs would cost more than 50% of value.
O'Major damage — = repairs would cost more than 30% of value.
w'Minor damage — = repairs would cost less than 30% of the value but the
structure is currently uninhabitable.
*'Habitable = some minor damage with repairs less than 15% of
value.
Each damage assessment will be documented according to County Tax Department records.
Also Town tax maps and records will be used for identification purposes. The total estimated
dollar value of damages will be summarized and reported at the completion of the survey or, in
the case of extensive damage, at regular intervals during the assessment.
(7)(i)(4)✓The following schedule of activities and time frame are approved with an
understanding that, realistically, there are many factors which must be considered during a storm
event and some of these items may render this schedule unworkable or not feasible. It is the
policy of the Town of Navassa to take all actions to complete the reconstruction process as
quickly and conveniently for all citizens as possible.
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fActivi1y Time Frame
®Complete & report damage assessments X2 weeks after storm (or emergency)
®Begin repairs to critical utilities and facilities XAs soon as possible
®Permitting of reconstruction activity XFollowing the assessments of repairs
necessary
j)* policies on the replacement of public infrastructure
(7)(j)(1)✓Navassa's policy will be to replace or relocate public utilities which have sustained
major damage due to a hurricane storm event away from hurricane hazard areas or to strengthen
their construction.
(7)0)(2)✓If (as a result of an emergency situation) public utilities (including street and roads)
are damaged or destroyed, it will be Navassa policy to make a determination (based on the
information available) on whether the facilities will need to be moved to a less hazardous
location. In such case the facilities may be relocated during the reconstruction period. The
Mayor, the Town Council, Town staff, the Town Engineer and other experts will (or may) be
responsible for oversight on the repair or reconstruction of public utilities. I
q
(7)(j)(3)✓As a means of eliminating visual blight and to protect utilities in case of storm, it is
the policy of the Town of Navassa to encourage the placement of utilities underground for all
Inew development and redevelopment projects.
(7)(j)(4)✓Navassa policy is that public expenditure of funds for the repair or reconstruction of
any private road or vehicular easement which is damaged or destroyed as a result of an intense
storm event shall not occur, except in conjunction with the repair of town utilities. Navassa
policy is that private roads shall be the responsibility individual property owners.
Section 8: LAND CLASSIFICATION
The land classification system provides a framework which will guide the Town of Navassa in
identifying the future use of all lands within the Town's planning jurisdiction. Some of the lands
in Town are more suitable than others for development activity. The description of the classes
herein outlined will allow Navassa officials to illustrate graphically their policy statements on
where and at what intensity they wish future growth to occur. This Land Use Plan section, and
the accompanying map (folded in the back of this document), illustrates where the Town wants
to conserve resources by guiding growth.
The Coastal Resources Commission has designated (through the use of the Planning Guidelines)
Ia land classification system which has seven classes each identified by intensity of use and the
extent of urban services offered. These seven classification categories (developed, urban
transition, limited transition, community, rural, rural with services, and conservation) have been
carefully reviewed by the Town of Navassa.
The Town of Navassa wishes to select and use 3 of the above mentioned land classification
81
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categories. The following land classifications apply within Navassa's planning jurisdiction:"
DEVELOPED — URBAN TRANSITION — CONSERVATION
DEVELOPED
Lands classified as "developed" lands within the Town of Navassa's land classification scheme
are those areas which are currently developed and which now have, or will have available within
the ten year planning period described within this document, a full complement of municipal
services. Approximately thirty-five to forty percent of Navassa is within the developed land
classification category.
Some portions of those lands described as "developed" may be subdivided and will become
suitable for development within the planning period. Redevelopment of developed areas within
the planning period is possible. Developed areas will be eligible to receive water, sewer,
municipal and State streets and roads, sidewalks, bike paths, public access projects, parks,
bridges, drainage systems, and other public utilities.
Development activity in "developed" areas will be governed by the existing body of local, State,
and federal regulation. The overriding concern of the Town of Navassa is that all development
activity be consistent with the local rules and regulations governing land use development.
These rules and regulations are found primarily in Navassa's Zoning Ordinance and Subdivision
Regulations. Land development activity may also be governed by rules incorporated within
other local ordinances (Brunswick County Health Department regulations, for example) or in
development plans which will be produced by the municipality, such as Recreation Plans,
Stormwater Management Plans, Roads Plans or Thoroughfare Plans, Capital Facilities Plans, and
others.
Land herein classified as "developed" is suitable for development of any type which is allowed
by local ordinance and State and federal regulation.
URBAN TRANSITION
Lands classified "urban transition" in Navassa constitute the majority of land in Town. "Urban
transition" areas are suitable for the full range of municipal services and are slated to receive the
full range of these services within the planning period. This classification is designed to provide
for continued intensive development within the Town.
57 Please review the Land Classification Map (which is folded into the back of this
document) for a graphic depiction of where each of the areas described is located.

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As the classification category heading suggests, "urban transition" lands are areas which are, or
are expected to be, in a state of transition within the planning period. Development activity in
areas described as "urban transition" must be consistent with local land use development
regulation.
The difference between those areas described as "urban transition" and "developed" is that those
areas described as developed (for the most part) have been already developed, or are in areas of
Town that are developed. Areas described as "urban transition" are either currently undeveloped
(which describes most of them) or they are anticipated as areas which may transition, or become
something other than what they now due to development, within the planning period. "Urban
transition" lands are in the process of becoming developed. It is not expected that Navassa will
be totally developed or built out within the planning period. It is expected that development will
take place according the needs of private individuals and according to an analysis of the housing
and commercial market by private enterprise. Development in Navassa will be consistent with
local ordinances and with State and federal rules and regulations.
Uses which are allowable within the "developed" classification are also allowable within the
"urban transition" classification.
CONSERVATION
The Conservation classification within the Town of Navassa applies to all Areas of
Environmental Concern (AEC's) and all federal protected wetlands areas. The wetlands areas
and AEC's are (in most cases) too small and too widely dispersed within the Town's planning
jurisdiction to be accurately depicted on the Land Classification Map. For federalwetlands, a
site survey will continue to be required to determine if freshwater wetlands exist on a given site.
These areas must be identified by a qualified wetlands consultant, approved by the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers, or by a representative of the Corps. Navassa regulation does not expressly
prohibit wetlands development. If the requested action may be permitted by State or federal
agencies, then the action may be allowed within the Town of Navassa. All development activity
in Navassa must be consistent with local ordinances. The Subdivision Regulations requirements
for approval of a new subdivision allow for a negotiated agreement on development activity.
The Town will work with future subdividers to avoid wetlands areas.
Community infrastructure improvements or new community infrastructure (including roads,
bridges, water lines, sewer lines, regional sewage treatment facilties, water towers, etc.) are
consistent with the Conservation classification in Navassa.
Development activity in AEC's is regulated by the State of North Carolina. If these AEC's are
also within the Town of Navassa, all local planning rules and regulations must be adhered to as
well. All AEC's are defined as Conservation areas in Navassa. Commercial, residential, and
public utility type development is permitted within the Conservation classification in Navassa.
Section 9: RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES & LAND CLASSIFICATION
The North Carolina Coastal Resources Commission requires a statement within each Land Use
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Plan in coastal North Carolina on how policies within the Land Use Plan relate to the land
classification categories. For all readers and for all agency personnel who may read and
interpret this document, be advised that the Town of Navassa has given careful thought to the
policies contained herein. The Land Use Plan creation process was long and involved many
difficult selection opportunities on policy. The policies which have emerged and which are
contained within this document represent the best effort of Town officials to create policy which
reflects the Town's position on long-term growth The Land Classification Map is the graphic
depiction of how the Town desires these policies to be enforced on the land areas in and around
the Town.
It is the desire of Town officials to have Town ordinances created and enforced which will be
consistent with Town policy (contained herein) and which policy is depicted on the Land
Classification Map which is a part of this document. The Land Classification Map is folded in
the back of this document.
Section 10: INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION & IlVIPLEMENTATION
Navassa will continue to cooperate and strive to become even more involved with Brunswick
County and the other municipalities within the Cape Fear region. The Town realizes that many
of the issues it must confront (either immediately or in the future) will often effect populations
similar to its own. The integration of strategies employed other local governments will not only
provide experience and guidance, but also a more cost effective means of accomplishing many
of the tasks that will befall the Town. Navassa will seek the administrative expertise and advice
of the Cape Fear Council of Governments and area counties and municipalities that have dealt
with situations similar to its own in the past. It is realized that Brunswick and New Hanover
County hold a great deal of managerial and informational resources that may be put to use. The
Town will also coordinate its actions and decisions with those of other proximal municipalities
whose issues are closely related.
Decisions made by Navassa will often not only effect the Town of Navassa, but other area local
governments. Navassa's geographic borders are located adjacent to other local government
entities with differing ordinances for zoning, subdivision, minimum housing codes, etc. It is the
goal of Navassa to coordinate and to consider in the adoption of its ordinances the implications
of Navassa's actions on surrounding areas. This is especially important since the Town of
Navassa will one day annex and these outside areas now surrounding the Town will become
Navassa. There is also a realized a need for continuity in the decisions of area local
governments, a similarity of purpose for the betterment of the region of north Brunswick
County, which will be in the best interests of all parties.
Navassa will continue to integrate the activities of various agencies for the betterment of the
community. The Town seeks to provide progress through cooperation. This will happen
through strategies which include:
4 Navassa's Police Department continuing to work with the Brunswick County Sheriff's
Department.

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4 Building a regional sewage treatment facility in Navassa.
4 Cooperation on the availability of municipal water and sewer services.
4 Coordination of the Town of Navassa's Volunteer Fire, Emergency and Rescue operations
with those agencies of Brunswick County.
4 The creation of a Navassa branch of the Brunswick County or a Navassa Town Library.
4 Coordination with the Brunswick County Economic Development Department for the
recruitment of environmentally sound industrial and commercial development.
—), Correction of area drainage problems.
-4 Location and construction of new educational facilities for the growing Brunswick County
public schools population.
4 Providing appropriate planning, zoning and and regulations for the benefit of Navassa
citizens and other area residents.
With cooperation among the various entities and levels of government, Navassa believes that
success in land management will be easier to achieve. With the common goal of progress for the
community in mind, the possibilities for the Town of Navassa are exceptional.
99

am- via lillis so mil-j win a=

AT17AC ME. A
Brunswick 0%
County Townships

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ATTACHM-IM— IT B
C1TIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN
SCHEDULE OF EVENTS
TOWN OF NAVASSA
1999 LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
This Citizen Participation Plan has been prepared according to the requirements of Subchapter 7B of
Chapter 15A of the North Carolina Administrative Code at Section .0215. As apart of the public
participation requirement for the production of a Land Use Plan (LUP) under the Coastal Area
Management Act, local governments are required to describe a process by which the public will be
encouraged to participate in the planning process. It is the intent of the process described herein that the
public will have ample opportunity to become a meaningful part of the planning process and that views
gathered as a part of this process will be informative and instructional for citizens of the Town of Navassa,
interested parties, and elected and appointed Boards.
The principal local Board responsible for supervision of the planning process will be the Town of Navassa
Planning Board Mr. Haskell Rhett of the Cape Fear Council of Governments will serve as Planner--in-
Charge. Ms. Charlena Alston (Town Clerk) will serve as the principle points of contact for the Town. Mr.
Louis Brown (Mayor) and the Chairman of the Planning Board will also serve as the points of contact for
their respective Boards. The Town Council and the Planning Board will be active in the preparation of this
Land Use Plan Update for the Town of Navassa.
Included as a part of this plan is a schedule of events which describes the planning process. Additional
meetings will take place, in addition to those described, as necessary. We expect and anticipate assistance
from the NC Division of Coastal Management in the production of this LUP.
The public will receive notice of opportunities for input in the planning process. Regular meetings of the
Planning Board and Town Council will be used, whenever possible, as a means of getting the citizens of the
community mvolved Legal advertisement of public meetings will be used. Newspaper and other media
coverage will be sought. Fliers will be posted at Town Hall and around the Town to inform the public of
their opportunities for involvement
The planning process will begin with an introduction and a focus on existing land use. From there the.
process will proceed into a discussion of present issues. Next, future issues of concern for the Town will
become a focus. The policy statements will be the most significant and important part of the LUP and the
importance of these statements on policy will be emphasized to citizens and community leaders alike.
Coordination and discussion with area municipalities and County officials on policy matters will be a part
of this process. All economic, social, ethnic and cultural viewpoints will be consider through the process of
Land Use Plan Update production.

-ow_r- •;
February 1998
February 1998
March 1998
April 1998
April 1998
May 1998
May 1998
June 1998
June 1998
June 1998
July 1998
August 1998
I m,
Adoption of Citizen Participation Plan (Planning Board)
Adoption of Citizen Participation Plan ('town Board)
Public Hearing on LUP. Explanation of process.
Introduction to Land Use Planning.
Preparation of LUP Section — Analysis of Existing
Conditions/Constraints to Development/Estimated Demand
Analysis of Existing Conditions/Constraints to
DevelopmenrlEstimated Demand — Information Presented
to Town Board.
Joint Meeting of Town Council & Planning Board to
Discuss Policies.
Draft policies prepared on Resource Protection, Resource
Production and Economic and Community Development.
Planning Board Review.
Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post Disaster Recovery and
Evacuation LUP elements prepared. Draft Land
Classification Map and text prepared for review by
Planning Board.
Public Hearing for review of draft document held by
Planning Board
Draft CUP prepared/complete and submitted to Town
Council.
Town Council review of draft document and approval of
release for state and federal agency comment.
Draft LUP presented to NC DCM
This Citizen Participation Plan is Adopted thel9 T
jiday ofFEBRUARY ,1998, at the Town of
Navassa, North Carolina.
ATTEST:
Bywllxt_�01� - ua�g
Charlena Alston
Town Clerk, Town ofNavassa
B
Louis Brown
Mayor, Town of Navassa
t Actual dates are subject to change as needs and circumstances dictate.

UN, 10 1
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Mr. Haskell S. Rhett, III
Cape Fear Council of Government
1480 Harbour Drive
Wilmington, NC 28401
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DMsION OF PARKS AND RECREATION
August 6, 1998
SUBJECT: Rare Species, High Quality Natural Communities, and
Significant Natural Heritage Areas at and in the Vicinity of
the Town ofNavassa, Brunswick County, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Rhett:
As you requested, we have reviewed our files to identify significant natural resources
within the Town ofNavassa. A natural area inventory of Brunswick County was
completed in 1995, and our Natural Heritage Program has records of five high quality
natural communities, thirteen rare species, and four Significant Natural Heritage
Areas occurring within a 2.0 mile radius of the Town ofNavassa, Brunswick County,
North Carolina (Table 1, Map 1). The nearest park project funded by the federal
Land and Water Conservation Fund is three to four miles from the center of the
township.
Enclosed is a list of rare species that are known to occur in Brunswick County and
New Hanover (adjacent county). If suitable habitat for any of these species occurs
within the township, then those species may be present even though they were not
detected in the recent inventory. A field survey specifically within the town would
determine if the township does contain rare species.
If you have any questions or need further information, please contact Susan Giles of
our staff at the address below or at [phone].
Sincerely,
y
Carol A Tingley
Chief, Planning and Natural Resources
CAT/smrg
Enclosures
P.O. BOX 27687, RALEIGH NC 2761 1-7687 PHONE [phone] FAX [phone]
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY /AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER - 50% RECYCLEW10% POST -CONSUMER PAPER

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North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
James EL Hunt Jr, Gavemor
Betty Ray McCain, Secretary
June 18, 1998
Haskell Si, Rhett, III
Management Services Director
Cape Fear Council of Government
1480 Harbour Drive
Wilmington NC 28401
Re: - Land Use Plan Update, Navassa, Brunswick
County, ER 98-9151
Dear Mr. Rhett:
Division of Archives and History
kffrey J. Craw, Director
Thank you for your letter of May 18, 1998, concerning the above project.
A check of our topographic. maps reveals that no archaeological sites have been
recorded on the Leland, Castle- Hayne; Winnabow, and Wilmington quads that
comprise the Navassa town limits. Inasmuch as an archaeological survey has not
been conducted in that area, the possibility exists that archaeological sites ranging
from prehistoric through historic periods may be located in the town, particularly
along the waterways and areas of highest elevation. There is also the possibility of
underwater archaeological resources.
We have conducted a search of our files and are aware of no structures of
historical or architectural importance located within the planning area.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations
for Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
We encourage the consideration of cultural resources in the planning stages of any
proposed development. If you have questions concerning the above comment,
please contact Renee Gledhill -Earley, environmental review coordinator, at
919/733-4763.
Sincerely,
David Brook
Deputy State .Historic Preservatiori. Officer
DB:slw
109 Fast Jones Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27601-2807

ATTACHMENT E
Vision Brainstorming — Public Hearings
Navassa Land Use Plan Update —April 15,1998
Ek 6. Streets are adequately engineered.
U 6 = Housing for low income persons is existing and available.
U 6 = Navassa, is affmctmg industry. Local people are finding employment in these industries. The industry is "clean.-
0 6 = A multi -purpose community building has been constructed and is available for cormnumty programs (including senior
citizens) and for emergency situations.
05= Nava= has a Beautification Committee and a Landscaping Ordinance and they are working to make Navassa more
pleasing to the eye
Lk 5 = Citizens are actively participating in public affairs. They are working together locally, regionally, and with State and
federal representatives for the betterment of Navassa and this area.
E3 5 = A drainage plan has been adopted, implemented, and is working to solve drainage problems.
05= There is a working method in place for dealing with buildings which are dilapidated or are in poor condition.
Ek 5 = The Town is physically larger through annexations.
04= Planned waterfront development casts which is consistent with enviromnerttal regulation.
0 lm Speed bumps are strategically placed in Town to control speeding.
U I Subdividers have provided all infinstructum for new development (roads, sidewalks, water, sewer, street lights,
recreation areas ........
0 1 All streets in Town are paved and kept up.
Q 1. There is a Brunswick County Library Annex facility in Town.
01 w Town manager hired.
UO= Navassa has its own water system. (Quality is more important than ownership)
UO. Navassa has ajacked vehicle ordnance inplace. People are aware of the ardiiiance and it works.
UO= Area local governments are cooperating. We cooperate as a region for the betterment of all area citizens.
UO= A new Town Hall has been constructed.
EI 0 = Sidewalks are in place.
13 0 = Navassa has created a business district.
U 0 = The Davis Creek water rant park has been enlarged and enhanced.
00m Navassa, has increased the staff in the Police/Fire/EMS Departments and has provided them with adequate ..... state
of the art ..... equipment.
00. The Town has in place a Mminium Housing Code.
1 The public hearing at which the above thoughts were captured was an advertised Public Hearing. All those present
were allowed to contribute ideas to the proceedings. All persons present were given the opportunity to discuss community
vision and they all voted to rank the most important vision items. The results shown above, in ranked order, are the result of
that vote (# of votes - issue).

Region O Municipal Population'
E997C:(dw Popdatio-]:
April 1980 April1990 fuly 1997
Bnanswick County 35,777 50,985 65,200
Bald Head Island 0 78 131
BeIville 102 66 106
Boiling Spring lakes 998 1,650 2,205
Bolivia 252 228 272
Calabash 128 1,210 1,627
Caswell Beach 110 175 286
Holden Beach 232 626 BSO
Leland 1,545 1,801 2,213
Long Beach 1,844 3,816 5,279
Navassa 439 445 530
Northwest 0 611 781
Ocem Isle Beach 143 523 719
Sandy Creek 0 243 298
• Sballotte 680 1,073 1,241
Southport 2,824 2,369 2,591
t Sunset Beach 304 311 1,932
Vamumroown 328 404 494
Yaupon Beach 569 734 916
ColumbusCoarrty 51,037 49,587 51,942
Boardman 0 224 208
Bolton 563 531 53S
Brunswick 223 302 306
Cerro Gordo 295 227 216
Chadboum 1,975 2,005 2,049
Fair Bluff 1,095 1,068 1,087
' Lake Waccamaw 1,133 954 975
saildyfielld 0 283 293
Tabor City 2,710 2,330 2,407
E� WhAevBle 5,565 5,073 5,592
1
New Hanover County 103,471 120,284 146,601
Carolina Beach 2,000 3,630 4,804
Kure Beach 611 619 756
Wilmington 44,000 55,530 64,513
Wrightsville Beach 2,910 2,937 3,196
Pender County 22,262 28,855 37,208
Atkinson 298 275 314
Burgaw 1,738 2,099 3,643
St. Helena 311 321 360
Surf city 421 653 1,172
Topsail Beach 264 346 448
Wallace 24 28 3,386
Watha 196 154 174
1CI
' This informadorrhas been formatted and is presented by Cape Fear Council of Governments from figures supplied by the NC
Office of State Planning in Dec'98 (Cape Fear Council of Governments,1480 Harbour Drive, Wilmingbon, NC 28401, 910-395-4553).
t :

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1"0 Rgdo-II 0 ft Bp Sve
# Male/ % Male
# Female/ % Female
1990 Total (100 %)
Brunswick Comtty
24,934148.90%
26,051151.10%
50,995
Bald Head Island
40151.28%
38/48.72%
78
Belville
30145.45 %
36154.55 %
66
Boiling Spring Lakes
807/48.90%
843/51.10%
1,650
Bolivia
105/46.05 %
123/53.95 %
228
Calabash
590/48.76%
620/51.24%
1,210
_ Caswell Beach
84148.00%
91/52.00%
175
Holden Beach
301/48.08 %
325/51.92%
626
Leland
902150.08 %
899/49.92 %
1,801
Long Beach
1,892149.58%
1,924/50.42%
3,816
Navassa
222149.89%
223/50.11 %
445
Northwest
—
—
—
Ocean We Beach
261/49.90%
262150.10%
523
Sandy Creek
127/52.26 %
116/47.74 %
243
Shallotte
495/46.11 %
578/53.89 %
1,073
Southport
1,066145.00%
1,303155.00%
2,369
Sunset Beach
151148.55 %
160/51.45 %
311
Vamumtown
202/50.00%
202/50.00%
404
j(auFon Beach
363/49.45 %
371/50.55 %
734
Columbus County
Boardman
23,379/47.15 %
26=/52.85 %
49,587
Bolton
—
252147.46%
—
279/52.54%
—
531
Brunswick
138145.70%
164/54.30%
302
Cerro Gordo
103/45.37 %
124/54.63 %
227
Chadbourn
868/43.29%
1,137156.71 %
2,005
Fair Bluff
470/44.00%
598/56.00%
1,068
Lake Wacc amaw
432145.28%
522/54.72%
954
Sandyfield
—
—
—
Tabor City
1,048/44.98%
1,28?J55.02%
2,330
Whiteville
2,280/44.90%
2,798155.10%
5,078
New Hanover County
57,071/47.44%
63,213/52.56%
120,284
Carolina Beach
1,839/50.66%
1,791/49.34%
3,630
Sure Beach
308/49.75 %
311/50.25 %
619
Wilmington
25,150/45.29%
30,380154.71%
55,530
Wrig tsviDeBeach
1,548/52.70%
1,389/47.30%
2,937
Pender County
14,010/48.55%
14,845/51.45%
28,855
Atkinson
131/47.64%
144/52.36%
275
Burgaw
963/45.88%
1,136/54.12%
2,099
Sloop Point
—
—
—
St. Helena
143/44.55 %
178/55.45 %
321
Surf City (part)*
511/52.68%
459/47.32%
970
Topsail Beach
175/50.58 %
171/49.42%
346
Wallace (part)*
1,286/43.76%
1,653/56.24%
2,939
Watha
46/46.46%
53/53.54%
99
NC (State)
3,214,290/48.49%
3,414,347/51.51%
6,628,637
I rBase information supplied from the 1990 U. S. Census Bureau. Presented by Cape Fear Council of
Governments, 1480 Harbour Drive, Wilmington, NC 28401, 910-395-4553.
L•
* Only a portion of Surf City and Wallace (m Pender County) are within Region O.
NOTE: In some cases 1990 populations have been revised. In these cases more current publications showing 1990
populations from the same source (U.S. Census Bureau) may disagree with one another. The figures shown above are
unrevised.

M ' S at I ►R N
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
' This is a summary of the contents of the 1999 Land Use Plan Update for Navassa. For more
information the reader is advised to consult the full text of the Land Use Plan. For details, or for
clearing up any questions regarding Plan content or policy, please do not use this summary. Use
' the text of the Land Use Plan Update for all decisions.
The 1999 Navassa Land Use Plan Update (LUPUP) will serve as the general guide for growth for the Town of
Navassa as the Town moves into the twenty-first century. The functions of this Land Use Plan Update are as
follows:
1) Guidance on Land Development Decisions — The Land Use Plan Update's section on "Policies
' for Growth and Development" and the Land Classification Map provide guidance to Town
officials in planning facilities, preparing regulations, issuing permits and in day-to-day decision
making. The public, particularly those interested in land development activity, also benefit by
' using the Land Use Plan Update to anticipate governmental action.
2) Source of Information — The LUPUP sections entitled ANALYSIS OF EXISTING
CONDITIONS, CONSTRAINTS TO DEVELOPMENT, and ESTIMATED DEMAND provide
valuable information on the local population, economy, environmental resources, community
' facilities and existing land uses.
3) Public Participation Process for Planning — As a part of the production of this document
numerous public meetings were held. These meetings and the circulation of draft copies of the
' LUPUP ensured that the plan represents a consensus of resident's wishes and that the plan will
have the political support necessary for implementation.
The LUPUP consists of ten sections. Each section is important to the Town of Navassa. A listing of each section
and a summary of the contents follows:
' 1) Analysis of Existing Conditions
❑ This portion of the plan contains information on the form of government in the Town of Navassa,
establishes how the information base was gathered, and discusses the physical setting and a bit of history
' about the community. This section also gives documentation on the population, economy, existing land
uses, a summary of current plans, policies, an regulations, and discusses areas of significant land use
change.
' 2) Constraints to Development
❑ The plans section on constraints to development discusses the suitability of the land for future
(continued) development activity. Natural features are discussed in this plan section as fragile areas, areas
of environmental concern (AEC's), and a discussion is given on the type of soils extant in Navassa with the
' limitations given on each soil type discussed. Man-made constraints to development are discussed as well.
The carrying capacity of the infrastructure available and proposed as a means of supporting existing and
future development is also discussed.
3) Estimated Demand
0 The future demands of development activity, in light of the booming growth expected in Navassa, are
discussed in the areas of water, sewer, roads, schools, hospitals, recreation areas, solid waste, population,
and economy.
4) Policies for Growth and Development
❑ As this LUPUP is a policy document, this is arguably the most important part of this document. The
policies are broken into the following major areas: Resource Protection, Resource Production and
Management, and Economic and Community Development.
5) Public Participation
❑ Public participation is an important part of any planning effort. This section discusses the Public
' Participation Plan which outlined the process by which the Navassa Land Use Plan was updated. The Town
of Navassa is committed to continuing involvement of the residents in the planning process.
11

6) Other Local Policy Issues
❑ Local policy issues discussed in this plan section include roads, the community center, parks,
and bridge replacement.
7) Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery, and Evacuation Plans
❑ In anticipation of a hurricane or other disaster, this plan can be used to mitigate the danger and the loss
of life and property which may occur.
8) Land Classification
❑ The Land Use Plan Update identifies and discusses three different land classification categories
pertinent to Navassa. Those three are Developed, Urban Transition, and Conservation. Residential
development will continue for the planning period and will continue to be the dominant land use in
Navassa. It is anticipated that commercial development will also occur within the next ten years.
9) Relationship of Policies and Land Classification
❑ The policies in the LUPUP are designed to be implemented gradually over the planning period (which
for this plan is ten years). The Land classification categories, which are graphically depicted on the Land
Classification Map, are designed to give interested persons a picture of the Town's future growth patterns
and areas of development activity, according to general type, at a glance.
10) Intergovernmental Coordination and Implementation
❑ The Town of Navassa wishes to continue to have a good working relationship with Brunswick County
and the other municipalities in Brunswick County. The Town of Navassa also recognizes the Town is a part
of an area larger than the boundaries of Brunswick County and supports regional efforts which will better
the lives of all citizens.
Summary of Policies for Growth & Development
Land Use Plans are policy documents. The Town of Navassa recognizes that the basic information on the
Town which is for the purpose of helping the plan user, who may be a Town official, a developer, or a local
citizen, to understand the existing situation in Navassa so that appropriate public and private sector
decisions can be made concerning the future growth and development of the Town. The policies in the
LUPUP are reflective of the desires of the Town of Navassa. These policies are also consistent with the NC
Coastal Resources Commission Land Use Planning Guidelines.

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