Surface Water Drainage Plan-1980

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PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
PROPERTY OF q
DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT OCM UBRARY
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.TOWN OF NAGS HEAD
SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE PLAN
Prepared by:
Coastal Consultants, LTD.
Lane A. Gallo, AICP
Nags Head, NC
and
McDowell -Jones, P.At
William P. McDowell III,,'P.E.
Elizabeth City., NC
June 30, 1980

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
I. Introduction
II. General
III. Physical
IV. Inventory of Existing Facilities and Problems
V. Design Criteria and Standards
VI. Recommendations, Costs, and Priorities
Pages
2
�5
8
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1
.3
Appendix A Existing Major Drainage Features (Map sheets)16
Appendix B Photos and Figures 10
Appendix C Summary of Estimated Storm Water Runoff 1
Appendix D Correspondance 10
Appendix E References 2

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INTRODUCTION
The purpose of the Town of Nags Head Surface Drainage
Study is to identify current problems and to anticipate future
problems in the Town. The plan is to be used as a general
guide and as an aid in resolving problems. caused by storm
water runoff.
In the case of Nags Head, storm drainage problems are made
very difficult to -alleviate due to the flat topography of the
areas, the sandy soils, changes in natural drainage brought
about by highway development, the amount of development involv-
ing impermeable materials, and the dune system.
Although some drainage systems are owned and maintained
by the Town, and others by the State Department of Transpor-
tation, in many instances responsibilities for surface drain-
age facility construction and maintenance are poorly defined
or acted upon, and therefore drainage problems remain unresolved.
The rapid development of certain areas of the Town will
intensify the surface drainage problems in those areas. Develop-
ment of areas which were formerly permeable increases both
the total runoff and the rate of runoff. This not only esta-
blishes the demand for additional storm drainage facilities
in the developing areas, but may well place a burden on the
areas at the end of the system. In many cases, this extra
burden may -increase the volume to a point which exceeds the
capacity of those areas. As always, the correction of con-
ditions is far more expensive than the cost of a properly
planned and designed system based not only on the immediate
needs, but also potential future growth.
In the past, many of the facilities were installed to
take care of current specific problems without regard to
the community as a whole or future development. Further-
more, the situation is complicated by the existance of two
dune systems which have restricted the development of
natural drainage ways to the ocean or the sound. Drainage
is also affected by the major north -south road network of
U.S. 158 business, U.S. 158 bypass and S.R. 1243. The con-
struction of ocean outfall pipes in the 60's by the Depart-
ment of Transportation have been very successful in help-
I-1

ing solve some of the drainage problems in the area. Strong
consideration should be given to solving some of the existing
and/or 'potential problems by installing more ocean outfall
systems as well as developing a criteria for a positive approach
to using infiltration techniques.
Historically the drainage problems have not gone unnoticed
by the Town, local citizens, and the Department of Transportation.
Appendix D of this report reflects correspondance about pre-
vious meetings, concerns, and future developments that will
affect drainage in the Town of Nags Head. On page D-3, Mr.
Patrick, Division Engineer in 1971, recommended that a drainage
study be conducted and that all agencies involved meet and de-
legate responsibilities. We feel this study should provide
the catalysis necessary to implement Mr. Patrick's recommendations.
I-2

II, GENERAL
This section is included to give the user of this study
general background information. Although it may not seem
directly relevant to storm sewer problems, it is important when
viewing these problems as part of overall community -develop-
ment, In general terms, it is relatively easy to relate those
historical and economic factors of land development to the
community's present day problems.
The first major settlement was on the Soundside. However,
as the area became more desirable as a vacation spot, seasonal
homes and commercial development occurred on the ocean front.
As these areas developed, some provisions were made for storm
drainage to satisfy the then developed areas. However, the
rapid rate of development coupled with more road const ri_ic*,e*a.0-(J,
caused continous drainage problems.
In recent years, inadequate drainage of surface water
has become a serious problem, During periods of heavy rains
or high tides, water collects in many of the low areas and
becomes stagnant. Since sewage disposal in Nags Head is by
individual septic tanks, the drainage problem is further com-
plicated by the seepage of raw waste .into the low areas, Icausing
contamination and creating problems.
The construction of storm drainage structures in urbanized
areas in extremely expensive and difficult, due in many in-
stances to the lack of physical space and the necessity of dis-
turbing existing improvements such as utilities, pavement, etc.
1, HISTORY
In the 1800's, Nags Head began to develop as a resort
community. As more and more people found out about the area,
summer homes continued to develop. By the mid-1800's, Nags
Head had a large hotel, and the area was notable as a resort,
The Civil War and post-war reconstruction and depression put
and end to the growth in Nags Head,
By the turn of the century, "Old Nags Head" on the Sound
had been replaced by slow but continued growth on the Ocean
-Side. Further development continued to be slow until Dare
County constructed the bridge between Roanoke Island and Nags
Head in 1928. The Wright Memorial Bridge was constructed in
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M M M M r= m m r=== r M
1931 by private means. Shortly afterward, the state constructed
an 18 mile long highway along the beach connecting the bridges.
After 1946, Nags Head began to boom once more, and the es-
tablishment of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore and subsequent
replacement of the ferries with bridges had a tremendous impact
on Nags Head. Building has steadily increased as well as the
number of visitors to Nags Head.
2. LAND USE AND POPULATION
The general pattern of land use in Nags Head is oriented
toward seasonal single family, rental single family, and
commercial (15%). Another portion (15%) is taken up by public
and semi-public use. About 40% of the area is as yet un-
developed (which includes Jockey's Ridge State Park, Lhe Nags
Head Woods, marshland, and other open spaces).
The rate of growth has exceeded 8% per year for the past
five years. During the past two years, the growth rate has
been at 12.5%. At a rate of 8%, the population will double in.
9 years; at a rate of 12.5%, the population will double in
6 years.
An analysis of the housing permits since 1975 shows the
following:
Permits for New Housing Starts 1975--- 79
Year Single Family Multi -Family Motel
1975 38 0 0.
1976 80 12 0
1977 124 14 0
1978 127 1 0
1979 110 0 0
We noted that in 1979 there were 1355 single family dwellings,
From 1975 to 1979, 479 units were built. Plus, the number of
single family units in 1974 appears to be approximately 876 units.
Between 1975-1979, the housing stock of single family dwellings
increased 54.6%, with an average annual rate of 9%.
From analyzing the housing starts, we also notice that the
number of multi -family units added to the housing stock was con-
siderable due to the building of The Villas.during the last five
years, however, these building permits were added prior to the
year 1975. New multi -family units may add a significant
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amount to the population during the coming years, however, it
would be difficult to forecast the number of units since these
decisions appear to be without enough regularity to establish
a pattern. The amount of motel and cottage court development
during the past 5 years does not appear to be significant
By combining our information on trends over the' -past five
years, we can predict that if trends continue, by 1990 the pop-
ulation could reach the following:
1980 ' 1990 Increase
Average Daily Peak August 13,607 32,212 :18,605
A rough idea of the impact of this population on the land
can be obtained if we continue the trends of the 1070's with re-
gard to housing mix and location. From our housing inventory
we noted that since 1975 new opportunities have been limited
to mostly three and four bedroom single family houses. Also,
areas exhibiting the greatest growth rated. appear to be in
South Nags Head and the subdivisions west of the bypass and
north of the water tower. Future growth will probably continue
this trend. In addition, the availability of the.Epstein
Tract for development should result in growth in that section.
It also seems inevitable that the next ten years will place
considerable pressure on redeveloping some of the beach road.
3. ECONOMY
Nags Head relies on tourism as its largest income producer.
This tourism economy is based both on day use and second home
use. Studies have shown that over half of tourist expenditures
are for food and lodging, meaning that the trade and services
sector are the greatest producers of income. These sectors are
characterized by small businesses. Skills and wages in these
sectors are generally low.
The great majority of visitors are from the eastern seaboard,
with Virginia having over one-fourth of that total. The re-
liance of a recreation oriented economy indicates the following:
A. The Town's major -,amenity is recreational experiences;
however, their consumption is seasonally oriented, lead-
ing to extreme fluctuations in demand for services and
under -utilization of labor and resources. A trend is
appearing, however, which indicates the Town is growing
very rapidly into a single family residential area
for retired or longer period seasonal use.
B. Employment in recreation does not compare favorably
with other resource -based industries since wages are
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characteristically very. -low.
C. In the past, the recreation industry has been
sensitive to fluctuations in the national economy.
However, it appears that recreation is becoming a
higher priority in many people's budgets, and de-
spite problems in the economy or even higher energy
costs, recreational demand continues to grow. This
trend is probably more sensitive to the availability
of energy supplies rather than cost.
D. The recreation resource is extremely sensitive to
public policy. Poor land management policies can
severely damage the economic potential of recreational
resources.
4. TRANSPORTATION
The character of the transportation system is an important
factor in the way an area develops. It is of great importance
in surface drainage analysis, as it not only shapes the areas
where development takes place but it also changes the topo-
graphic patterns, thereby dictating the drainage capability
of an area.
For all practical purposes, regional access to Nags Head
is limited to U.S. Highway 158 from the north and U.S. Highway
64-264 from the west. Highway 158 enters the county from lower
Currituck County via the Wright Memorial Bridge over Currituck
Sound. The highway has two lanes and was constructed in 1931.
Highway 64-264 is two lanes crossing the Alligator River, the
Croatan and Roanoke Sounds. Route N.C. 12 carries traffic south
from .Nags Head to the Cape Hatteras National Seashore.
5. LOCAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
Internal vehicular circulation on the beach is by Business
158 and 158 Bypass, running in a north -south directon. Both
highways are experiencing heavy growth and traffic flow is a
problem during the peak season. The.Town of Nags Head has
approved the Preliminary.Thoroughfare Plan prepared by the
North Carolina State Highway Commission in September 1972, but #
can have a major impact on drainage if it is implemented. Currently
the town is actively encouraging the State to begin planning
for the widening as soon as possible because of the existing
traffic flow. The ultimate cross section proposed by the
thoroughfare plan is six lanes, divided:, with curb and gutter.
This type of impervious development can have a major impact on
the drainage through this corridor and we discuss this potential
problem in later sections of this report.
11,4

In summary drainage has been impacted by the land use patterns
and the transportation system which have accelerated growth of
residential, multifamily, and commercial development. In particu-
lar the construction of U.S. 158 Business and Bypass has encouraged
development inland and east of the original sound side development
pattern which -could be easily drained into the sound. Since the
backbone of the economy is the tourist attraction. to the ocean,
land growth naturally developed as close to the ocean as possible.
However, this general location created major drainage problems
because of the long drainage ditches that needed to be -constructed
and maintained to the sound. Because of potential flooding from
the ocean, ditches were not cut through the major dune line (frontal
dune) to the ocean, and expensive ocean outfall pipes had to be
constructed.
The growth of the economy through the development of motels,
shopping centers, and eating facilities has aggrevated the drain-
age problem because of the development of paved and impervious
areas which increases the runoff of storm water. Since there
has been no overall drainage plan to follow, the drainage systems
for development have been piecemeal and have created numerous
areas which have little or no conventional drainage systems.
In general there has been an effort to utilize the ability
of -the sand to absorb the runoff, but there is no defined pro-
cedure to provide consistency and allow for future development.
There are numerous examples of developments which are depending
on certain adjacent land to absorb their runoff with no guarantee
that in the future this land will not become paved or impervious.
Specific problems created by this urbanization process will be
discussed in the following sections of this report.
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III. PHYSICAL
This information provides general characteristics of the
land and soil conditions which can affect the storm drainage
of the area.
1. GEOCHRONOLOGY
Nags Head is located in the Coastal Plain. This area was
submerged during the Tertiary and early Pleistocene periods.
It later emerged during the first Ice Age, but with the melting
of the continental ice sheets, was again submerged, The pro-
cess of emergence and submergence contined and can be correlated
with the Pleistocene glacial and interglacial stages.
During the Wisconsin glacial period approximately 25,000
years ago, the sea was between 250'and 450'deep below its
present level. It seems probable that the Outer Banks were
formed since the -melting of the Wisconsin sheet, that is, with-.
in the last 11,000 years. Although there is no general agreement
as to how the barrier island beaches were created, there are two
main theories:
A. That they were built up by the continuous southward
movement of marine deposits, or
B. That with the rising sea level, the slope of the sea
bottom was too gentle for the shore processes to establish
a profile of equilibrium. Consequently, the sea bottom
was built up, the bottom slope increased and the beach
was created
The area'is underlain by a wedge-shaped mass of unconso-
lidated sediments, ranging in depth from about 5500 to 7000 feet.
These sediments rest on a crystalline bedrock surface. Only
the very uppermost layer of the sediments which underly the
region are of prime importance form the standpoint of water
supply and wastewater disposal as these are sediments which
contain fresh water suitable for human consumption and have
the potentiality of contamination by wastewater residuals.
Sediments containing fresh water have been divided by
geologists into four units: Starting at the surface•, these
units are (1) Quaternory deposits (2) Yorktown formation
(3) Pungo River formation (4) Castle Hayne limestone. The
Yorktown formation is considered the principal aquifer for
municipal water supplies.

2, TOPOGRAPHY
The physical landforms of the area within the Town of Nags
Head have played a major role in the development of natural
drainage and manmade drainage. Primary characteristics are
summarized below:
A. Between the northern town limits and Jockey's Ridge
(3 miles +) the land is made up of two dune lines approxi-
mately 3000' apart with a low area or depression inbetween.
The frontal or foredune reaches an elevation of between
15' and 20' and the major dune complex on the west side
reaches a height of 110' on Jockey's Ridge, There are
no natural drainageways to the ocean or the sound within
the majority of this area. This situation has created
major flooding and ponding when the ocean tops the frontal
dune and then has no outlet at a low elevation to drain
out of the area. The major problem has been between the
corridor created by U.S. 158 business and U.S. 158 bypass
and the development -In between; (Existing .elevations 6' -10') .'
above sea level. This situation required the North Carolina
Department of Transportation to build 4 ocean outfalls
to permit the ponded water to drain out of the area,
B. Between Jockey's Ridge and Whalebone Junction (4 miles+)
the landforms are similar in that there are two dune lines
approximately 2000' apart with a low area in between;
however, there are major drainage ways to the Sound and
the dune line on the west side stops approximately one
mile north of Whalebone Junction, Just south of Jockey's
Ridge is a major natural drainage way which runs east-
west along the Old Sound Road, Development has occurred
along this corridor with existing homes built on grade with
existing elevations a 5.0 +. This situation lends itself
to a potential major problem from flooding from the Ocean
topping the foredune and flowing through this natural
drainage corridor to the sound. This type of flooding
occurred during the March 1962 storm in which the Old
Sound Road was washed out along with U.S. 158 bypass inter-
section with the Old Sound Road.
C. Between Whalebone Junction and the southern town limits
(5 miles +) there is one dune line (foredune) on the ocean
side of S.R. 1243 with elevations between 15' and 20'.
Approximately 1000' west of the foredune the land falls
off to elevation 4' to 5' and drains naturally west into
the Park Service lowland.
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3. SOILS
The soils in Nags Head play an important role in...the nature
of the storm water drainage system.
The soil has a tremendous
capability to detain and retain surface water runoff. The
sandy soils also have the capability of .neutralizing conventional
underground storm sewer systems. and
ditches, because of its
hbility to wash and blow into the systems.creating a perpetual
maintenance problem.
A typical profile of soil units
in Nags Head looks as follows:
Location Soil Unit
Depth Perm. Use
Frontal dune Beach-foreduze assoc. 0-6' Rapid VSevere
Beach 'road east Newhan fine
6' VRapid Slight
and between Newhan Corolla
(See qualification).: <,
highways- Duckstori fine sand
1-2' VRapid Severe
Bypass west Duneland
6' VRapid Severe
Duckston.fine sand
(see above)
Newland fine sand
(see above)
Corolla fine sand
1-3' VRapid Severe
Soundside Carteret soils
0-3' Rapid VSevere
(note: "Depth" refers to depth to seasonal high water
table; "Perm." refers to permeability' "Use" refers to
suitability for septic tank and filter field; "V" before
Rapid and Severe means "very'.') .
Two soils which create drainage problems because of their
high ground water table are .:Corolla-Duckston complex and
Duckston Fine Sand. They are normally found at elevation 5.0
or lower. They are characterized below and are shown on the
maps in Appendix A.
A. Corolla-Duckston Complex
This mapping unit occurs on nearly level to slightly
depressional areas that commonly lie just inland from the frontal
dune. The Duckston soils are in the wetter, slightly lower.
depressions. The.seasonal high water table is at or near the
surface during the wet periods. Most of this complex is made
up of the Corolla soils.
B. Duckston Fine Sand
The soils are poorly drained. The soils are sandy
throughout. They occupy the nearly level to slightly depressional
flats that extend inland from the frontal dunes. Also, they are
in.the small, irregularly shaped depressions between the Corolla
and Newhan soils. They are rated severe for most used due to
wetness and poor filtering capacity. Water tables are 1.0'-2.0'.
III-3

Another observation that should be made at this point is
the impact of the soils on storm water qualitity. As reflected
above the soils are typically permeable down to the water table;
in fact, to the extent that they do not provide appropriate
filtering characteristics for septic tank nitrification fields.
The significance of this characteristic is that the local Health
Department is requiring a 50 to 100 foot buffer between the
drain field and ditches which drain into the Roanoke . Sound.
A regional sewage collection and treatment system would alleviate
this problem but would tend to aggrevate the drainage problem.
Development density would probably increase and generate more
storm water runoff due to the increase in impervious area.
Proper planning and regulation will need to be implemented to
prevent this potential drainage problem from occuring.
4. THE RELATIONSHIP OF VEGETATION AND SOILS
(From Soil Survey Outer Banks, North Carolina, June 1977
prepared by SCS)
Several factors interact to determine the types of vegeta-
tion and soils which occur on the barrier islands. The most
distinct landscape division falls between the marsh and the
sand strand. The major factor causing this division is topo-
graphy.
A. The Sand Strand
The sand strand can be divided into three catergories:
the beach-foredune, the shrub zone, and the maritime forest
(Figure-. A.). The major soil differences are determined by
relief, which affects the drainage; vegetation; and the
length of time required for soil development to occur. The
vegetative types are determined by relief, since it not
only affects drainage but also dictates the amount of pro-
tection from wind, and by their location with respect to
the ocean. The wind carries salt spray from the ocean which
kills susceptible plants, and it carries sand which is a-
brasive to plants and can bury them. Winds also cause flood-
ing and erosion by water.
1. The beach-foredune unit is constantly changed by the
deposition of sands and by erosion caused by wind and
ocean waves. The soil is wind -deposited sand with little
or no profile development. The beach is bare except just
above the high tide line where scattered clumps of sea -
oats, seashore elder, and sea rocket are found. The fore -
dune is built.ti:by grasses that trap the blowing sand.
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The major foredune plants are American beachgrass, sea -oats,
-bitter panicum, and seashore elder.
2. Behind the foredune is the shrub zone, an area character-
ized by grasses and scattered shrubs, which grades into a
shrub thicket some distance from the ocean. The soils mapped
in this zone are the Newhan, Corolla, and Duckston. The
criterion that differentiates these soils from each other is
drainage. The well -drained Newhan soils are on the higher,
drier areas; the moderately well -drained Corolla soils are
on the intermediate areas; and the poorly drained Duckston
soils are on the lower, wetter areas. Newhan soils support
American beachgrass, sea -oats, bitter panicum, live oak,
and yaupon holly. The wetter Corolla soils support live
oak, waxmyrtle, broom sedge, and saltmeadow cordgrass.
Duckston soils, which occur in depressions, support a thick
growth of saltmeadow cordgrass, eastern baccharis, and
waxmyrtle.
3. With increasing distance from the.ocean, the effects.
of salt spray decrease and the shrub zone grades into mari-
time forest. Maritime forest is dominated by live oak,
yaupon holly, eastern redcedar, and redbay. The soils in
the forested areas exhibit better profile development and
more accumulation of.organic matter on the surface. Re-
presentative soils are Corolla, forested; Duckston, forested;
and Fripp. Where the islands are so wide that salt spray
Is not a factor, some maritime forests develop which are
similar in species composition to forests on the mainland.
Examples of this situation occur at Nags Head Woods.
B. THE MARSH
The main factors which produce differences in marsh soils
are parent material, salinity, elevation, and vegetation. The
plant communities which occur are determined primarily by fre-
quency of flooding and salinity. Consequently, marshes can
generally be divided into.three categories: regularly flooded, -
irregularly flooded, and fresh marsh.
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Figure A
CHARACTERISTIC•SOIL TYPES AND DOMINANT VEGETATION
NAGS 'HEAD WOODS & NORTH SECTION OF OUTER BANKS,
NORTH CAROLINA
Narsh Zone Forest Zone
waxmy rt le
blarr1, nFedlerush loblolly pine sweetgum
giant cordgrass American beech redbay
cattails live oak red maple
eastern baccharis water oak j hickory
do ood /' �� • b eb rry
r
I
i'.obonny or Fripp, Corolla or Duckston Soils
Cu rrituck oils
Shrub Zone
American beachgrass American
saltrreadow cordgrass beachgrass
eastern baccharis
bitter panicgrass sea -oats
loblolly pine sea. -oats,
waxmyrtle bayberry bitter
I broom sedge live oak , panicgrass
11
I '
Newhan, Corolla or Beech and
Duckston Soils ; Foredune
From Soil Survey Outer Banks, North Carolina, June, 1977
Prepared by SCS

M
5. CLIMATE
The area enjoys a maritime climate with cooler summers and
warmer winters than are to be found on the mainland. Weather
data for the region is provided by the U.S. National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) at Cape Hatteras, approxi-
metely 50 miles south of Nags Head. General climatic conditions
in the study area closely approximate those at Cape Hatteras
except that annual precipitation is tlightly less. Rainfall at
Hatteras, with an annual mean of 55.07 inches, is five inches
more than annual rainfall at Bodie Island. The wettest months
are July and August, when there is a monthly average of nine
days with thunderstorms.
The mean annual temperature at Hatteras is 61.4 degrees F.
The prevailing winds blow from the northeast in fall and winter,
and from the southwest in spring and summer. Hurricanes:.tane
fairly frequent along the Outer Banks, --and occur mainly in
August and September. Average annual runoff in the area is
about 14 inches. Evapotranspiration averages about 36 inches,
and ground water discharge is about .5 inches.
Flood levels for Nags Head are 8.2 feet for a 50 year storm
and 8.8 feet for a 100 year storm. Investigations relating to
flood insurance studies show that overwash of the'island by ocean
tides would be sufficient to cause a 100 year flood level on
the Sound shore equal to the static ocean level.
6. DRAINAGE
The conveyance of stormwater in the Town of Nags Head is pre-
dominately by ditches and corrugated metal pipe culverts with
few conventional storm sewer systems. Due to the large frontal
dune line east of U.S. 158 business, the natural drainage pattern
flows to the west to the Roanoke Sound. However, there are four
storm sewer systems (ocean outfalls) which have been constructed
in strategic locations which permit drainage to flow to the
ocean. The natural drainage pattern is also affected by the two
State Highways-U.S. 158 business and U.S. 158 by-pass both of
which run generally North and South.
Due to the nature of the soil being sandy and permeable
a great deal of storm water can and does infiltrate vertically
into the soil Except in areas where the existing ground water is
near or at the same elevation as the ground surface. Problems
are created by these sandy soil conditions because sand is
constantly filling in the ditches and culverts and creating a
constant maintenance problem for the Town and the North Carolina
III-7

Department of Transportation. These sand ditches are difficult
to stablize and erosion is ever present because the ditches are
easily eroded when there is no vegetation to protect the banks.
The problem of shifting and wind blown sand is best seen
along U.S. 158 business where the shoulder elevation is equal
to or higher than the existing road therefore creating ponding
problems all along this highway. These problems will be dis-
cussed more in the next section.
III-8
3

IV Inventory of Existing Facilities and Problems
The purpose of this section is to identify the major drain-
age features and related problems within the Town of Nags Head.
To assist in preparing this data we have reduced the Town's
existing 1" = 200' scale topographic maps to a scale of 1" _
800' to use as base maps. There are 16 maps and we provided
data on maps 1 thru 12 with maps 13 thru 16 having no major
drainage features and/or problems to deal with,
Drainage basins have been delineated based on several
considerations; topographic features, major existing drainage
structures, or proposed drainage structures, Drainage areas
in the northern section of the Town or north of Jockey's Ridge
are given the prefix "N". Drainage areas in the middle portion
of Nags Head or between Jockey's Ridge and Whalebone Junction
are given the prefix "M". Drainage areas in the Southern por-
tion of the Town or between Whalebone Junction and the southern
Town limits are given the prefix "S". Drainage characteristics
are listed below:
A. Northern Town limits to Jockey's Ridge (' N':') is
characterized by 3 ocean outfalls, a north -south
-ditch-system paralleling and between U.S. 158 business
and by-pass, and inflitration. (See maps 1-3)
B. Jockey's Ridge to Whalebone Junction ("M") is charac-
terized by one ocean outfall, Old Soundside Road ditch
systems (north side and south side), six -ditches draining
to the sound within a mile of Whalebone Junction and
infiltration (See Maps 4-7)
C. Whalebone Junction to southern Town limits ("S ") is
characterized by a7major ditch on west side of SR. 1243 drain-
ing from the southern town limits to the fire station,.,
natural overland flow to the Park Service area on the west,
and infiltration (See maps 8-12)
Some problem areas and proposed solutions.have been shown
on maps 1-16 in Appendix A. Typical problems are:
1. Ponding of U.S. 158 business (See Appendix B photos 1-5)
2. Lack of Maintenance - siltation, shoulder build up,
deteriation (photos 6-12)
3. Potential problems - improper ocean outfall location
(photo 13); commercial development along U.S. 158 by pass
(photos 14-17); lack of sufficent ditch systems running
IV-1

north -south as well as east -west; lack of drainage out
falls to the ocean and/or sound;
4. Lack of drainage easements
5. Lack of definitive lines of responsibility between
the Town and Department of Transportation on maintenance
problems.
6. Lack.of a definitive policy on drainage design criteria
between developer, Town, and D.O.T.
7. Lack of positive drainage systems away from the right-
of-way of U.S. 158 by pass and potential impact of widening
the existing road and adjacent development on the existing
permeable areas which are presently absorbing the runoff.
8. Lack of a coordinated storm water::_mangement plan
which would intergrate four basic programs into their
local regulations and ordinances - (1) flood control
(2) drainage (3) sedimentation and (4) urban runoff quality.
IV-2

V DESIGN CRITERIA AND STANDARDS
The purpose of this section is to the extent possible outline
basins, to estimate stormwater runoff, and to show typical storm
water facilities that would be used in the Town of Nags Head. As
mentioned earlier mapsl-12inAppendix A reflect the drainage basins
that have been delineated in the Town. These basins have been
outlined for planning purposes only and are only approximately de-
scribed. Appendix C reflects a summary.for estimated stormwater
runoff for the respective basins.
The rational method was used to compute the 2 year, 10 year
and 50 year storm frequency estimated peak runoff. This method
was compared with the•SCS method outlined in Urban Hydrology for
Small Watersheds, technical release No. 55. There appears to
be reasonable cdrrelation between the two methodoligies especially,
when adjusting the SCS method• for slopes less than 1% and swamp
and ponding areas. Standard design procedures and State drain-
age policies are outlined in Handbook -of Design for Highway
Surface Drainage Structures prepared by and available from the
North Cerolina Department of Transportation.
Because of the nature of the soils being predominatly sand
and lack of conventional and/or natural established drainage
ways,it is extremely difficult to estimate how much water will
flow from one point to another in a particular basin. These
calculations assume that all of 'the basin will contribute to the
flow at one outfall point. We have tried to deal with the ab-
sorption capability of the sand by using a runoff coefficent of
0.1 formost areas not paved. This 0.1 funoff coefficient is pro""
bably the most accurate between the,2 to the 10 year storm fre-
quency.- With less frequent storms, soil saturation will probably
increase the runoff. With more frequent storms there is probably
little or no runoff at all from the non paved areas.
Typical drainage structures that are common to Nags Head
are: ditches,(photo 11) corrugated metal pipe culverts (photos
8,9) ocean outfall pipes (figure B.C) , (photos.­I8,19) :catch basins
(figure D) paved roadway ditches (figure E), photo 20.
Possible drainage structures and procedures to assist in
developing drainage and/or sand absorption are: infiltration
systems (figures F,G;H.) trenches, roadside swales and ponds
(photo 21,22,23) and porous pavement with turfstone (photo 24).
V-1

M
VI RECOMMENDATIONS, COSTS, AND PRIORITIES
We feel the first priority that should be addressed is a
coordination meeting with the North Carolina Department of
Transportation to review the problems that have been outlined
in this report. The handling of drainage in the Nags Head area
has been a problem for some time. The Town and D.O.T. have met
in the.past to discuss the problems as reflected in Appendix D.
;'A memorandum dated November 24, 1971 prepared by Mr. Roy
West, District Engineer for D.O.T., discusses a number of the
problems that this study presents. We feel that the drainage
study that was suggested then by Mr. Patrick, Division Engineer,
has now been completed. This report can be the data for all
involved parties to review and can provide a basis to initiate
positive planning and corrective action to the problems involved.
Due to the alignment and location of U.S. 158 business, bypass
and S.R. 1243, it seems obvious that the posture that D.O.T.
takes relative to drainage affects all of the major drainage
systems in the Nags Head Area.
In general the solutions that we have recommended are:
1. Develop a continous north -south ditch system between
U.S. 158 business and U.S. 158 bypass therefore allowing
the existing ocean outfalls to interact and accept drain-
age from several designated drainage basins. In particular
basins N-1, N-2, N-3.
2. Develop more east -west ditches to resolve a number of
the ponding problems along U.S. 158 business. This solution
also requires drop inlets and cross drains on U.S. 158 busi-
ness. Consideration should also be given to developing
infiltration trenches and swales.
3. Consider installing at least 3 more ocean outfalls,one
each in the northern, middle, and southern section. Fac-
tors to consider are: to what storm frequency should the
major storm sewer system be designed for; development of
retention basins, infiltration, and the impact of construct-
ing more sound outfall ditches on the septic tank drain
field set backs and related development, and obtaining per-
mission from the Park Service to use existing east -west
ditches to relieve drainage along S.R. 1243.
4. A fourth item that we are suggesting to be done is
additional research and possible field testing to determine
the appropriateness ok utilizing infiltration trenches as
VI-1

M M M M M M M M M M M M r M M
shown in figure F, Appendix B. This drainage approach
may be suitable not only along U.S. 158 business and
U.S. 158 bypass, but also in other coastal communities of
North Carolina. lie show below a typical cross-section for
the proposed widening of U.S. 158 bypass. Planning needs
to be done now to establish the drainage philosophy along
this corridor, in particular whether infiltration is going
to be promoted or conventional ditches and pipes. At the
present time both the existing highway and adjacent develop-
ment drains into the sand shoulders and right of way.
RECOMMENDED CROSS SECTION
FOR US 15$—BYPASS
Fig. H
From Preliminary Thoroughfare Plan
for Nags Head and Kill Devil HiYls,.North Carolina
Prepared by North Carolina State Highway Commission, September, 1972
The above cross section appears to eliminate all of the
permeable area except for the median and therefore would
create problems at the interface of the right of way and
adjacent development similar to the problems on U.S. 158
business.
Costs for these improvements will vary widely depending
on whether the work is done by the State, Town, or private
contractor and,the exact scope. Ocean Outfalls assuming
2-30 CMP on piles is estimated at $100 per foot with total
costs being $40 to $50,000 not including land costs. Ditch
maintenance and construction is estimated at$1-3 per foot.
Typical drop inlets are estimated at $500-$750 each. Typical
15 inch CMP is estimated at $15 per foot. A typical 6'
asphalt paved swale is estimated at$8.00 per foot. A
typical infiltration trench with stone and 30" CMP is
estimated at $45.00/L.F. A typical ponding problem on U.S.
158 business requiring. 400 feet of ditch, 30' of 15" CMP,
two drop inlets and pavement replacement is estimated to cost
$3500 to $4000.
VI-2

Along with establishing lines of responsibilties for
drainage maintenance and construction between the Town, and
D.O.T. the following items should be pursued to implement
the report:
1. Develop a drainage ordinance
2. Develop a storm water drainage design Manual
3. Utilizing 1 and 2 above to coordinate a complete storm
water management policy which would include the intergra-
tion and coordination of the present flood control, drain-
age, sedimentation and erosion and urban runoff qualitity
policies.
In closing we feel the initial objectives should be to
establish responsibilities, agree on drainage philosophies
and then prioritize corrective solutions to the drainage prob-
lems. The cost for these improvements should be equally
distributed among those parties that benefit from the improve-
ments which would include D.O.T., the Town, and the land
owner affected by the problem. Pos§ible sources of financial
assistance to correct these problems are D.O.T..construction
-and/or funds, property owner assessment, municipal bonds, Farmers
Home Administration, Coastal Plains, and Resource Conservation
and Development. Due to the specific nature of these problems,
it is felt that the first three sources are the most likely
candidates to generate the needed monies. However, it would
be appropriate for the Town to prepare applications to the
other sources to confirm whether or not these projects would
be eligible for financial assistance.
VI-3

APPENDIX A
Existing Major Drainage Features and Recommended Solutions
to some of the problems.
Notes:
1. Base maps provided by Town of Nags Head at a scale of 1"=..200';
were reduced to a scale of 1"=800' for this report.
2. 16 maps are included in this report to provide complete cover-
age of the Town; however, we have provided data only on maps
1-12. The area covered by maps 13 thru 16 are insignificant
relative to our drainage survey.
Legend:
11111111Jill 1111I Drainage boundary
N -1 Drainage basin designation
Soils with poor vertical drainage - Corolla-Duckston
:::;: Complex and Duckston Fine Sand

OCEAN HOUSE
OCEAN OUTFA'
Boo CMP�
TYPICAL X-SECT. EXIST. DITCH
( STH ST. TO DRIFTWOOD ST.)
1+-4'-5'--I
TYPICAL X-SECT. EXIST. DITCH
(DRIFTWOOD ST. TO OCEAN OUTFALL)
3't
PROPOSED MINIMUM
DITCH TYPICAL SECTION
3' M I N —►t--�
ATLANTIC OCEAN
.AN HOUSE MOTEL"
q
(� 0
00
0 Q
DI
0 0 -11 100 0
0 0
-0 o a
�•� o
Or _', ... C
CAROLINIAN
TOW S HEAD �=
'
E LIMITS Zvi
ray .a .... N/-4
RUI4 CAP
ice' � . , � � '• � ,
I -
EXIST. PROBLEM AREAS
RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS
I. IN GENERAL, BUS. RTE. 158 HAS SAND SHOULDERS WHICH ARE
PAVED SIDE DRAINS TIED TO ADDITIONAL EAST/WEST DITCHES
SLOPED TO EDGE OF PAVE., WITH NO POSITIVE DRAINAGE
AS SHOWN.
ALONG BUS. RTE. 158. ( VIRGINIA DARE TRAIL)
FROM STH. ST. TO SOUTH OF ARGON ST. , ADD. FIELD DATA 1S
NEEDED TO SET PIPES ON GRADE, EAST OF MEMORIAL AVE.
2. PONDING ON FRONTAGE OF NAGS HEAD SUPERMARKET.
ASPHALT SWALE TO NORTH SIDE ALBATROSS ST. ; DITCH
ALONG NORTH SIDE OF ALBATROSS ST.
3. PONDING AT INT. DRIFTWOOD ST. / BUS. RTE. 158.
ASPHALT SWALES EAST 6 WEST SIDE TO DRIFTWOOD ST.; PIPE
X-DRAINS & DROP INLETS AT INT. ; EAST/WEST DITCH N. DRIFTWOOD.
4. RESTRICTIVE DITCH AT REAR OF COLONY HOUSE ON
MAINTAIN DITCH TO PROPOSED MINIMUM DITCH TYPICAL SECT.
DOWNSTREAM END OF NORTH- SOUTH DRAINAGE DITCH.
5. OCEAN OUTFALL NOT VISIBLE ON BEACH -POSSIBLY COVERED
MAINTAIN OPEN OUTLET TO MINIMIZE POSSIBLE PROBLEMS
a PLUGGED. OUTFALL GOES UNDER MOTEL CREATING
UNDER MOTEL.
POTENTIAL PROBLEMS SHOULD MAINTENANCE BE REQUIRED.
S. LOW AREA BETWEEN U.S. 158 AND BYPASS HAS NO POSITIVE
DEVELOP HOLDING PONDS, ROADSIDE SWALE$, AND
DRAINAGE OUTLET TO SOUND OR OCEAN EXCEPT FOR
INFILTRATION TRENCHS, ETC.
X-DRAIN U.S. 158; (SEE MAP 2, ITEM 9.) COMMERCIAL
DEVELOPMENT ON WEST SIDE U.S. 158 MAY HAVE PROBLEM
WHEN U.S. 158 IS WIDENED.
�V9
��
LOCATION MAP
SHEET NO.1 OFJL
SCALE, 1"8500'
EXIST. MAJOR DRAINAGE FEATURES
FOR
NAGS HEAD SURFACE DRAINAGE PLAN
/AnAiMCDOWELWONES, PA.
ENGN�ERS•SURVEYORS
iPost Office Box 391
303 E. Main Street, Suite 9A
Elizabeth City, N.C. 27909

r m m m m m m m m m = = m m
TYR
X-SECT. EXIST. DITCH TYR X-SECT. EXIST. DITCH
(OCEAN
OUTFALL TO BALTIC ST.) (BALTIC ST. TO BONNET ST)
1--10' � —� �-- 1 ITS --►1
4-11
ATLANTIC OCEAN
ocrAN'7b,rnrAt,L
1!- 30" CMP 4.301 / THE SOLD" /
4 'KORENi Ua n . ❑II ��—���a
UESIM
❑1
CZ 0
c
d � tip
o r
- •- --.l .r •❑ram° ,,,. a°� 04
_❑
J•L-
Piii;'s ;: ,r;:.: .. o p
' a
1 o
❑ .�
o
N
10
X
("NAGS - -.
•�
0 1 r-
o p o
❑ o V' + �-
Ff
7
�.
EXIST. PROBLEM AREAS
RECOMMENDED SOLUTION"
1. PONDING ON MILLERS PHARM. FRONTAGE/ SHOULDER BUS. RTE. 168
LOWER D.I. GRATE AND/OR FILL SMALL PONDING AREA.
2. 12" X-DRAIN UNDER ADMIRAL ST. TOO SMALL / PARTIALLY BURIED.
REPLACE WITH LARGER PIPE ( 24" MIN.)
3. PONDING ON FRONTAGE OF "THE GALLEON:'
2-DROP INLETS; PIPE TO POND. ALSO REMOVE HIGH POINT
REAR GALLEON2 TO ALLOW FLOW EITHER WAY IN DITCH
4. PONDING AT INT. BARNES ST. BUS. RTE. 5S. VA. IL
DROP INLET EAST, X-DRAIN, PROP. EAST WEST DITCH.
S. PONDING AT INT. OF BARNES ST./ COLONY CT.
REWORK SHOULDERS, PROP. EAST/ WEST DITCH.
6. PIPE CUT DURING CONST. OF IC; DITCH FILLED IN BY PROP. OWNER.
REPLACE PIPE WITH IS "MIN. ; RE -OPEN DITCH SYSTEM.
7. DBL. 12" CMP X-DRAIN UNDER BITTERN ST. INADEQUATE 8 BURIED.
CLEAN OUT
B. PONDING INT. SLADEN ST./ BUS. RTE. 163.
ASP. SWALE, D.I. EAST SIDE ; X-DRAIN ; PROP. EAST/WEST DITCH.
9. X-DRAIN PART. BURIED DURING If CONST.
CLEAN OUT -IMPORTANT TO COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT ON
WEST SIDE OF U.S. 163 BYPASS.
10. SEE NOTE 6, MAP NO. 1.
SHEET NO.2-OFJL
SCALE t I"" 900'
EXIST: MAJOR DRAINAGE FEATURES
FOR
NAGS HEAD SURFACE DRAINAGE PLAN
McDOWELL-JONES, PA.
ENGINEERS • SURVEYORS
AM@
Post O}}IC@ BOX 391
LOCATION MAP
303 E. Main Street, Suite 9A
Elizabeth City, N.C. 27909

TYP. X-SECT, EXIST. DITCH
TYP. X-SECT. EXIST, DITCH
BONNET ST. TO OCEAN OUTFALL
WEST ATE. 158 BYPASS
1T!'&
1
IQ'•
T
4'6
i•- 4' s
ATLANTIC OCEAN
_ OCEAN OUTFALL ( CURLEW ET)
rl-30"Imp
p O L7 1 l 111
I U
o � o ❑ 1 f 1 ^ - aka ' !!" o
OCEAN OUTFALL
30" CMP
'i _' — — —
;� - _
o p. , �I❑ a (
► .� BL 30aCM
f1�111I#09
lop Qi o
ae p
a ❑a `-�_
Of
4 SL TTE D DRAINS
r+ •
�w
a-12 PE 'PIu
`"tiffs::►......:.
- itt} #��i► D
°
a
-� UM
•»
oNN SA )
RAG
0 "
0
G
p
o, � 11
I
3
1
N
p II
If
II
EXIST. PROBLEM AREAS
RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS
I. PONDING ON SKIPPERS SUPERMARKET FRONTAGE ALONG BUS. 158.
ASP. SWALE; EAST/WEST DITCH BAINBRIDGE ST. (PAPER ST.)
2. PONDING AT INTERSECT. CURLE ST./ BUS. ATE. I58.(VA. DARE TRAIL)
ASP. SWALE TO OCEAN OUTFALL; D.I. AND X-DRAIN.
3. CURLE ST. OCEAN OUTFALL,; ONE FLAPGATE MISSING, OTHER RUSTED BADLY.
REPLACE USING NON -CORROSIVE MAT'L.
4. PONDING SOUTH OF CONCH ST. OUTFALL.
ASP. SWALE TO OUTFALL; D.I. AND X-DRAIN
5. OCEAN OUTFALLS ( AS PRESENTLY FUNCTIONING)
TIE TOGETHER TO GIVE STORM RELIEF.
TIE OUTFALLS TOGETHER WITH X-DRAIN UNDER
HOLLOWELL ST. 6 PROP. NORTH/SOUTH DITCH.
S. POTENTIAL FLOODING AREA DURING MAJOR STORMS DUE TO
INADEQUATE CAPACITY OF OCEAN OUTFALLS WHEN AREA
EVALUATE AREA FLOODED BY FLOOD ROUTING
PROCEDURE; CONSIDER ADDITIONAL OCEAN OUTFALL
BECOMES FULLY DEVELOPED.
OR RETENTION BASIN. IMPORTANT TO TIE TOGETHER
NORTH —SOUTH DITCH SYSTEM.
SHEET NO._LOF14
SCALEII"•800'
EXIST. MAJOR DRAINAGE FEATURES
FOR
r ••-. _.
NAGS HEAD SURFACE DRAINAGE PLAN
WDOWELWONES, PA.
ENGINEERS • SURVEYORS
MyR
LOCATION MAP
.� Post Office Box 391
- - -
303 E. Main Streit, Suite 9A
Elizabeth City, N.C. 27909

TYP. X-SECT EXIST. DITCH
SOUTH SIDE OF E. S. ROAD
�- 12'- 15'
i2e----4
NATLANTIC OCEAN
-3
GRATE ELEV. • 5.18
INV. ELEV. ■ 0.84 "CASINO"
OCEAN OUTFALL
_- ,I- 14"820"CMP
_13
r36i • p � l —� �+ 8
i
•uLO
DITCH __� 1• O
�o
r�
Too
!J
ROANOKE
SOUND
EXIST. PROBLEM AREAS
RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS
1. OCEAN OUTFALL AT CASINO LACKS SUFFICIENT DROP INLETS.(PHOTO)
REWORK PAVED AREA WHICH RESTRICTS DRAINAGE
NOTEIWOODEN TOP TO OCEAN OUTFALL JUNCT. BOX COVERED WITH SAND.
INTO CASINO GRATE; PROVIDE ADD. DROP INLETS.
2. PONDING AT INTERSECT. OF SOUND SIDE ROAD/BUS. RTE. 158.
CLEAN -OUT EXIST. SYSTEM TO SOUND OR INSTALL
PIPE SYSTEM BACK TO CASINO OCEAN OUTFALL.
3. BLOCKAGE BETWEEN JUNCT. BOX BESIDE S.S. ROAD AND OUTLET WEST
OF RTE. 158 BYPASS. ( VA. DARE TRAIL)
" .. • " ••
4. S.S. ROAD DITCH BLOCKED BY PLUGGED PIPES, WATER STAGNET.
CLEAN OUT DRIVEWAY PIPES AND SILT FROM DITCHES
DITCH BANK ERODING INTO YARDS. ( PHOTO)
AND PIPE OUTFALL UNDER SOUND ROAD; ALTERNATE
5. X-DRAIN S.S. ROAD TO SOUND PARTIALLY BLOCKED.
ROUTE DITCH SOUTH OF EXIST. HOMES.
6. X-DRAIN UNDER BYPASS( 65:40 NOT FUNCTIONING.
MAINT. AFTER SOUNDSIDE ROAD OUTLET IS IMPROVED.
7. PONDING ALONG RTE. 158 BUS. IN FRONT OF"DAIRY MART" AND ALSO
PAVED SWALE AND/OR D.I. H STORM SEWER SYSTEM
SEAFARE REST. OWNER OF DAIRY MART HAS A SUBM. PUMP TO PUMP
TO JUST SOUTH DOVE ST. MAINTAIN EAST/WEST
STORM WATER TO REAR OF PROPERTY FOR STORAGE IN SAND.
DITCH TO MIN. TYP. SECT.
S. DITCH WHICH DRAINS BUS. 158 DEAD ENDS SHORT OF BYPASS ;
CLEAN -OUT EXIST. X-DRAIN a EXTEND DITCH SOUTH
- NO X-DRAIN UNDER BYPASS FOUND. (27"943" BURIED)
OF DOVE ST. TO X-DRAIN.
9. 50 • 66 CMP HALF FULL OF SAND ( PHOTO 9 )
CLEAN OUT
10. FLOODING IN REAR YARDS FROM EXCESS GROUND WATER, SURFACE
KEEP PIPE OUTLETS CLEAN; ALT- DIG NEW DITCH SOUTH
RUNOFF FROM STEEP DUNES, a PLUGGED PIPE SYSTEM DOWNSTREAM.
TO TIE INTO MAJOR DITCH SOUTH S.S. RD. THIS
ELIMINATES NEED FOR 30"CMP DOWNSTREAM.
SHEET NO.,&:OF LL
SCALE I I" • 800'
EXIST. MAJOR DRAINAGE FEATURES
FOR
NAGS HEAD SURFACE DRAINAGE PLAN
s_ ;o I
MCDOWELL-JONES, P
M� ENGINEERS • SURVEYORS
J Post Office Box 391
LOCATION MAP
-303 E. Main Street, Suite 9A
_-- ------_-_--- -' _ _- --- :
Elizabeth City, N.C. 27909

ATLANTIC OCEAN
ROANOKE SOUND
EXIST. PROBLEM AREAS
1. EXIST. DRAINAGE PATTERNS WERE ALTERED BY DEVELOPMENT OF
NAGS HEAD COVE. X-DRAINS AT BYPASS AS WELL AS DITCHES TO
CANAL HAVE GRADUALLY SILTED RENDERING THEM USELESS IN
PRESENT CONDITION.
2. X-DRAIN SIZE UNKNOWN ; BURIED COMPLETELY.
3.
LOCATION MAP /
RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS
CONSTRUCT A NEW DITCH PARALLEL TO BYPASS FROM X-DRAIN
AT DOVE ST. TO JUST NORTH OF DANUBE AVE.,THEN -WEST
PARALLEL TO DANUBE ST. TO TIE INTO EXIST. DITCH (1000'4
WEST BYP.) CLEANOUT EXIST. DITCH TO CANAL OUTLET.
CLEANOUT PIPE OR REPLACE.
DEVELOP NORTH -SOUTH DITCH SYSTEM.
SHEET NO.-LOFJAL
SCALE II*•800'
EXIST. MAJOR DRAINAGE FEATURES
FOR
NAGS HEAD SURFACE DRAINAGE PLAN
f
CMCDOWELWONES, R ENGINEERS• SURVEYORS
Post Office Box 391
303 E. Main Street, Suite 9A
Elizabeth City, N.C. 27909

ATLANTIC OCEAN
ROANOKE SOUND
EXIST. PROBLEM AREAS RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS
1. X-DRAIN PART. SILTED ; OUTLET NOT CONNECTED TO DITCH. CLEAN OUT PIPE ; EXTEND DITCH BACK TO OUTLET.
2. PONDING AT INTERSECT. OF LAKESIDE ST./ BUS. RTE. 158. PAVED SWALE ; DROP INLET & X-DRAIN UNDER BUS. RTE. 158,
PROP. DITCH DOWN SOUTH SIDE LAKESIDE ST. TIED TO PROP.
NORTH/SOUTH DITCH.
3. PROPOSED DITCH EXTENSION
DEVELOP NORTH -SOUTH DITCHES SYSTEM ; PORTIONS OF M-5,
M-8, M-7 ARE PART OF P.U.D. WHICH MAY PROVIDE RETENTION
BASINS TO HANDLE THEIR DRAINAGE. DEPENDING ON FINAL
DEVELOPMENT DENSITY AN OCEAN OUTFALL MAY BE
APPROPRIATE DUE TO SEPTIC TANK DRAINFIELD SET BACKS
FROM DITCHES THAT DRAIN TO SOUND.
%�/. �
WIN
LOCATION MAP
SHEET NO.-L OF_LL
SCALE - 1"- 800'
EXIST. MAJOR DRAINAGE FEATURES
FOR
NAGS HEAD SURFACE DRAINAGE PLAN
C WDOWELWONES, PA.
fnAJ� ENGINEERS • SURVEYORS,
Post Office Box 391
303 E. Main Street, Suite 9A
Elizabeth City, N.C. 27909

EXIST. PROBLEM AREAS
RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS
I. X-DRAIN PART. BLOCKED WITH SILT.
PIPE MAINTENANCE ; OUTFALL TO BE MAINTAINED.
2. PONDING ON U.S. BUS. 158 BETWEEN FINCH 9 FLICKER ST.
PAVED SWALE, D.1., EAST SIDE; X-DRAIN TO DITCH N. FINCH ST.
3. PONDING ON FRONTAGE OF SKYLARK MOTEL.
PAVED SWALE, D.I. EAST SIDE ; X-DRAIN TO DITCH N. GROUSE ST.
4. X-DRAIN 2/3 FULL OF SAND.
PIPE MAINTENANCE ; OUTFALL TO BE MAINTAINED
8. X-DRAIN BURIED ; H.W. MISSING ; UNABLE TO LOCATE INLET.
REPAIR OR REPLACE PIPE; OUTFALL TO BE MAINTAINED.
& PONDING ON FRONTAGE OF SEA FOAM MOTEL.
SLOTTED DRAIN; LOWER SHOULDERS FOR STORAGE AREA.
7. PONDING AT INTERSECT. GRAY EAGLE ST./ BUS. RTE. 158.
PAVED SWALE; D.I. & X-DRAIN TO PROP. DITCH SOUTH GRAY EA.
S. PONDING ON FRONTAGE OF R.V. CAHOON GROCERY.
PAVED SWALE, DROP INLETS, X-DRAIN TO DITCH S. GRAY EAGLE
S. PONDING ON FRONTAGE OF "THE DUNE BURGER!
PAVED SWALE TO EXTENTION OF DITCH SOUTH TRAILER PARK.
SHEET NO.ZOFJ.L
SCALE- 1"• 800'
EXIST. MAJOR DRAINAGE FEATURES
FOR
NAGS HEAD SURFACE DRAINAGE PLAN
AC McDOWELWONES, P
ENGINEERS • SURVEYORS
Post Office Box 391
303 E. Main Street, Suite 9A
Elizabeth City, N.C. 27909

ATLANTIC OCEAN
EXIST. PROBLEM AREAS RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS
1. IN SOUTH NAGS HEAD, GENERALLY, EAST SIDE DRAINS TO SR 1243 PROVIDE ADDITIONAL OUTLETS TO SOUND AND/OR
WITH WEST SIDE DRAINING TO PARK SERVICE a EVENTUALLY TO THE OCEAN ; EXIST. ENTR. PIPES NEED TO BE INSTALLED
SOUND. EAST SIDE HAS FLOODING PROBLEM AS STORM WATER ON GRADE TO OUTLET; ESTABLISH DRAINAGE STD.S
COLLECTS AND STANDS IN DITCHES DUE TO NOT HAVING AN OUTLET OR ORDINANCES TO BE FOLLOWED IN FUTURE DEVEL.
TO SOUND OR OCEAN. IN MOST AREAS, ENTRS DO NOT HAVE CULVERTS AND ENTR. PIPE INSTALLATION.
TO PROVIDE DRAIN. ALONG SR 1243.
2. PONDING ON FRONTAGE OF ARMADA INN. REWORK SHOULDERS, X-DRAIN, DRAIN NORTH TO PROP.
DITCH SYSTEM, X-DRAIN UNDER U.S. 64, ALT.-DEVELOP
INFILTRATION TRENCH ALONG SHOULDER OF ROAD.
DOW
rliM
-.�-- ��--LOCATION YAP
SHEET N0. jLOF jL
SCALE I I* • 800'
EXIST. MAJOR DRAINAGE FEATURES
FOR
NAGS HEAD SURFACE DRAINAGE PLAN
/AnAiMCDOWELWONES, P.
ENGINEERS • SURVEYORS
iPost Office Box 391
303 E. Main Street, Suite 9A
Elizabeth City, N.C. 27909

ATLANTIC OCEAN
EXIST. PROBLEM AREAS
1. SAME PROBLEMS AS PREVIOUS PAGE, NO DRAINAGE OUTLET EAST
SIDE, INCONSISTANT PIPE CULVERT SIZES 8 LOCATIONS.
2. 12"CMP ( POOR COND.)
3. 18" CMP ( POOR COND.)
4. DITCH CONST. INCOMPLETE CAUSING FLOODING ON SHOULDER
OF SR 1243
1
n
LOCATION MAP
RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS
SAME AS SOLUTION NO.1, SHEET NO. ALOF !§
N H 11 N 11 Y 11 Y 11
Y 11 N N Y N N 11 N
COMPLETION OF DITCH TO PARK SERVICE OUTFALL SHOULD
ELIMINATE SHOULDER FLOODING ON WEST SIDE OF SR1243
WITH X-DRAINS DITCH WILL PROVIDE OUTLET FOR EAST SIDE.
SHEET NO.XOFIL
SCALE - 1"■ 800'
EXIST. MAJOR DRAINAGE FEATURES
FOR
NAGS HEAD SURFACE DRAINAGE PLAN
MCDOWELL-JONES, P.
M�ENGINEERS• SURVEYORS
Post Office Box 391
303 E. Main Street, Suite 9A
Elizabeth City, N.C. 27909

'':�
. .11!!'
11 �i� 2110
TYP. X-SECT. EXIST. DITCH
SOUTH JUNCOS STREET
h-10" —►�
1+3'A
ATLANTIC OCEAN
S41243
111111. Iunllrr�s.r r- (r��,
TYP. X-SECT. EXIST. DITCH
WEST SIDE (UNDER CONST.)
4{'
14 4
rawK
EXIST. PROBLEM AREAS RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS
I. WHERE THERE ARE NO DITCHES STORM WATER COLLECTS AT EDGE SEE SOLUTION NO. 1, SHEET NO. -I OF jam.
OF PAVE. DUE TO SLOPE OF EXIST. TERRAIN (EAST SIDE).
PIPE CULVERTS UNDER ENTRANCES ARE INCONSISTANT AS TO SIZE
AND LOCATION. THE ONLY OUTLET FOR EAST SIDE ACCUMULATED
WATER IS TO BUILDUP AND CROSS ROAD TO LOWER WEST SIDE.
2. 12" CMP BURIED ; E. B W. DITCH FULL OF WATER, NO MOVEMENT. N N N N w N r r
:i. I8rCMP ; COMPLETELY BURIED. N M M r N N N N
4. X-DRAINS UNDER PARK ROAD AFFECTED BY SOUND TIDE. TIDAL ACTION IN OUTFALLS SHOULD REDUCE MAINT.
0. INCOMPLETE WEST DITCH CAUSES FLOODING NORTH JAMES ST. TIE TO PARK SERVICE OUTFALL.
6. LACK OF EAST -WEST DITCH TIE TO SOUND TO RELIEVE COORDINATION WITH PARK SERVICE TO ALLOW THIS EXISTING
DRAINAGE DITCH ALONG WEST SIDE OF SR1243. DITCH TO BE OPENED TO PERMIT DRAINAGE TO THE WEST.
ALT.- PROVIDE ADDITIONAL OCEAN OUTFALL. IMPACT OF SEPTIC
TANK DRAIN FIELD SET BACKS NEED TO BE EVALUATED.
LOCATION YAP
SHEET NO.1Q OFIL
SCALE + Ir. sod
EXIST. MAJOR DRAINAGE FEATURES
FOR
NAGS HEAD SURFACE DRAINAGE PLAN
McDOWELL-JONES, PA.
AAAJENGINEERS• SURVEYORS
Post Office Box 391
303 E. Main Street, Suite 9A
Elizabeth City, N.C. 279D9

�r rr rr rr ri r rr rr r� rrrr rr rr rr r
ATLANTIC OCEAN
EXIST. PROBLEM AREAS .
1. IN GENERAL, ALL PIPES THIS SHEET WERE IN POOR COND.,
SILTED FULL AND UNDER I= 1.5' FEET OF WATER.
2. NO OUTLET FOR EAST SIDE DITCHES.
3. INCOMPLETE WEST DITCH CAUSES FLOODING INT. OREGON DR.
4. ENTR. PIPES NOT YET IN PLACE ON LARGE WEST DITCH.
/
9
LOCATION MAP
RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS
SEE SOLUTION NO. 1 , SHEET NO. 8 OFJ&
N N N N M N M N
TIE TO PARK SERVICE OUTFALL AND/OR PROP. OCEAN OUTFALL.
WILL BE INSTALLED WHEN CONST. OF DITCH CONTINUES.
SHEET NO.-LLOFJL
SCALE, INN 800'
EXIST. MAJOR DRAINAGE FEATURES
FOR
NAGS HEAD SURFACE DRAINAGE PLAN
C McDOWELL-JONES, P
M�ENGINEERS• SURVEYORS
Post Office Box 391
303 E. Main Street, Suite 9A
Elizabeth City, N.C. 27909

ATLANTIC OCEAN
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
PROPERTY
EXIST. PROBLEM AREAS RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS
1. NO OUTLET FOR DITCH ON EAST SIDE ; DITCH FOR STORAGE ONLY. SEE SOLUTION NO. I , SHEET NO. JLOFJ6
BOTH DITCH AND PIPE CULVERTS ARE GEN. IN POOR COND.
SHEET NO.JLOFJL
SCALE I I~+800'
EXIST. MAJOR DRAINAGE FEATURES
FOR
NAGS HEAD SURFACE DRAINAGE PLAN
McDOWELL-JONES, P
fJENGINEERS• SURVEYORS
Post Office Box 391
303 E. Main Street, Suite 9A
Elizabeth City, N.C. 27909

NOTE: NO MAJOR DRAINAGE STRUCTURES OR PROBLEMS AT 4/25/80.
SHEET NO. ILOFjg.
SCALE I I`■800'
�.
t�
��'/.
-LOCATION. MAP
I

r j•
dY31
O r
y Q ROANOKE SOUND
D
r
NOTE: NO MAJOR ORAINAGE STRUCTURES OR PROBLEMS AT 4/25/80.
SHEET NO.'I,OFJ¢
SCALE ' I4se00*
EXIST MAJOR DRAINAGE FEATURES
. -- — FOR
NAGS HEAD SURFACE DRAINAGE PLAN
s _ °� +J i
-JONES, P 13
WDOWELL
� ENGINEERS SURVEYORS
AMA J Post Office Box 391
LOCATION YAP. 303 E. Main Street, Suite 9A
Elizabeth City, N.C. 27909

MATCH b
•
x
u
I
NOTE: NO MAJOR DRAINAGE STRUCTURES OR PROBLEMS AT 4/25/80.
SHEET NO.UL OF.J,¢_
SCALE I I"• BOd
LOCATION MAP,

M
"
— J
I .
�n
ROANOKE SOUND
9j � -
�� ROANOKE SOUND
0,0
�Q6 ...
40
ti
2
40
NOTE, NO MAJOR DRAINAGE STRUCTURES OR PROBLEMS AT 4/25/80.
SHEET NO. It OF 16
SCALE 11% 800'
EXIST. MAJOR DRAINAGE FEATURES
FOR
NAGS HEAD SURFACE DRAINAGE PLAN
WDOWELL-JONES, PA.
ENGINEERS • SURVEYORS
Post Office Box 391
LOCATION MAP J
- -- - - 303 E. Main Street, Suite 9A
Elizabeth City, N.C. 27909
�a�

Appendix B
Photos and F'
Photo 1
Ocean Outfall Grate
Nags Head Casino
Photo 3
Ponding East Shoulder
Bus. 158 (Curlew St.)
Photo 2
Ponding Int. Driftwood St.
Bus. Rte. 158
Photo 4
Ponding East Shoulder
Bus. 158 (Miller Pharmacy)
Photo 5
Ponding East & West Bus. 158 Near the "Galleon"
-no]

Photo 6
Typical Pavement / Shoulder Relation Bus. Rte. 158
Photo 7
Typical Ditch South Soundside Rd.
t
H „
Photo 8
Siltation Problem
Memorial Ave.
Photo 9
Siltation Problem; X-Drain Under Bypass
Soundside Rd.
B-2

Photo 10
Typical North / South Ditch
Memorial Ave.
Photo 11
Restrictive Ditch
Rear Colony House
Photo 12
Rotted Plywood Flapgate / Curlew St. Ocean Outfall
Photo 13
Kill Devil Hills Ocean Outfall
Under Ocean House Motel
B-3

Commercial Development at intersection Barnes St./ Commercial Development at intersection Barnes St./
U.S. 158 Bypass U.S. 158 Bypass
at
Photo 16
Typical Drainage into U.S.158 Bypass Right of way
Photo 17
Commercial Development along U.S. 158 Bypass in Kill
Devil Hills

3"-4'
TYPE OCEAN OUTFALL
B�
30'lJ�basr6s
Ba�Jsd ax _
a
30'Aabrsiw ;
-j
Gr% I
Y rD.
Slaavas
%%�u,/linbW Aa
6 JI i
1='L,9,V OF MRAIHOLE
(Gae. rm. 60var 2".540CI
z-
-4b,�e� .
r-4 ,6 8 c%
-4 6, 8'cis. '4 b,e o 8-CJ6 7 _
S EC T /0AJ p—.5
Figs B
i
i
30'Asbiss�.s
f3�s
�'1JA
B�vdaci/Psbea%tis
RPe
AM
Details taken from Ocean Outfall No, 3 Drawing By Bridge Maintenance
Department, N.C. State Highway Commission, Raleigh, N.C. File No.6728,
Date April 1964.
B-5

TYPICAL OCEAN OUTFALL
I 3 -1 Plea
r`- Top o� can er PI/
f -- i B¢nis %�/3• zu /O.O
!
i 1
P', io• B-h> ,
D4r- - OF QrJVTS
Fig, C
Details taken from Ocean Outfall No. 3 Drawing B�. Bridge. -Maintenance
Department, N.C. State Highway•Commission., Raleigh, N.C., File No.6728,
Date April 1964.
B-6

Y
PLAN_
WO. AMC RIMVIU
�- ORCL :UVN�. SIO or to
11104 . (RAH
r l 6 y r2 fi .1
;TIQN XX 5LC—T ON-YY
Fig. D
Standard Brick Catch Basin
NOW.- _ :W
Curlew St. ocean outfall (2-30" RCP)
Photo 18
Inlet ditch to ocean outfall
(S. Korens Antiques)
Exist Ground or
Adjacent Pavement
' Grade Point
4,I Exist
'pave.
Fig. E
Typical paved swale
Photo 20
Typical asphalt swale east Bus. 158/ near "The Chalet"

SELECT_
BACKFILL
BUILDERS _
FELT
ELEV. 6.0
6" —
DESIGN WATER
TABLE ELEV, 'c
FINISH GRADE
ELEV, 9.0
w
J
g m
� a
ui
w
z U.
� w
iv a
3 _ 2.50 CU. FT./L.F
2 - PER FT. OF DEPTH
3.53 CU. FT./L.F.
3r
PERFORATED
PIPE
_ 3.53 CU. FT./L.F.
ELEV. 2.0
2.50 CU. FT./L.F.
OARSE ROCK N PER FT. OF DEPTH
5'
NOTE, VOLUMES ARE COMPUTED BASED
ON 50% VOIDS IN ROCK BACKFIL L
I INCH = 25.4 MM
I FOOT 0.305 M
I CU. FT. = 0.028 M3
DETAIL SHOWING VOLUME OF STORAGE
Fig. F IN INFILTRATION TRENCH (COURTESY
OF BRISTOL, CHILDS & ASSOCIATES,
CORAL GABLES, FLORIDA)
Fig. G
Trench backfilled to flow line grade with filter
cloth on side slope
B-8

Fig. H
Typical slotted drain application
Photo 21
Method of Grading to infiltration trench (Guy C. Lee, Kitty Hawk)
•

w
r•
m ..,..
'e
xr
Photo 22
Roadside Swale
with stabilized
shoulder
Wrightsville Ave.
Photo 23
Pond located at The "Galleon"
Photo 24
Turfstone pavement at the "Windmill"
1

AT • N D
SUMMARY OF ESMAMD STOI01 WATER RUNOFF
Location
Drainage LAND
USE
Run.off
Runoff (CFS)
1=Exist
Basin East of Business-
Bus. to bypass
coeffect.
Storm Frequency
2=Devel
Acres ± Res. Comm.Undev
Res Comm Undev
"C"
2 vr. 10 r. 50
N-1
75%
10%
15%
45%
5%
�50%
.20
61
103
140
152
N-1
85%
15%
--
60%
40%
--
.37
112
191
259
N-2
54%
30%
16%
50%
15%
35%
.29
131
223
301
226
N-2
65%
35%
--
80%
20%
--
.34
154
261
353
N-3
61-
90%
10%
--
25%
10%
65%
0.17
32
50
64
N-3
61
90%
10%
35%
40%
25%
.25
47
73
95
N-4
125
5%
15%
80%
0.19
55
88
116
N-4
125
80%
20%
--
.31
89
143
190
N-5
West
of b
pass
25%
10%
65%
.20
82
133
179
195
N-5
80%
20%
--
.31
127
206
278
N-6
SPECIAL PLAN
ED DEV
LOPM
NT (MI
IMUN
RUN-
FF DUE
TO INFILTRATION)
N-6
N-7
MINIMUM RUNOFF
DUE 10
INFILTRATION
-
NATU
L DRAINAGE
GOES 10
THE
N-7
SOUND
AID/OR
LCW
LAID.
N-8
MINIMUM RUNOFF
DUE
0 INFILTRATION
-
NATU
L. DRAINAGE
GOES
0 THE
N-8
SOUND
AID/OR
L
W LAI
D.
M-1
31
75%
10%
15%
5%
35%
60%
.26
29
43
54
M-1
31
80%
20%
--
5%
35%
60%
.28
31
46
58
M-2
223
100%
45%
15%
40%
.14
72
116
153
M-2
223
100%
50%
50%
--
.22
113
182
240
M-3
66
80%
15%
5%
20%
25%
55%
.28
52
81
107
M-=3
66
85%
15 %
50%
50%
1
.38
70
110
145
M-4
MINIMUM RUN
FF DUE
TO I
FILTRA
ION AND
E
ISTING
CANAL SYSTEMS.
M-5
165
5%
0%
95%
--
10%
90%
.14
46
79
104
M-5
165
50%
50%
--
85%
15%
--
.37
122
208
275
M-6
NOT COMPUTED
BECAUSE
OF POTENTIAL
PUL
DEVE
OPMENT
IN AREA WHICH
FRELIMINARILY
SHOWS RETENTION
SYSTEMS.
TOWN WILL
NEED
T
REVIEW
FINAL PLAN
TO INSURE
M-6
M-7
31
10%
75%
15%
30%
10%
60%
.40
38
60
77
M-7
31
20%
80%
--
50%
50%
--
.57
55
85
110
M-8
16
25%
50%
25%
10%
15%
75%
.32
18
27
.34
M-8
16.
35%
65%
--
50%
50%
--
.52
30
44
56
M-9
26
50%
50%
--
25%
10%
65%
.31
29
43
54
M-9
26
50%
50%
--
50%
50%
--
.45
42
62
78
M-10
22
20%
60%
20%
45%
25%
30%
.39
31
45
57
M-10
22
30%
1 70%
--
60%
40%
--
.47
37
55
69
M-11
69
5%
60%
35%
25%
40%
35%
.45
81
127
171
M-11
69
20%
80%
--
30%
70%
--
.60
108
170
228
S-1
115
80%
--
20%
50%
--
50%
.17
45
76
96
S-1
115
90%
10%
--
100%
--
--
.25
66
106
141
S-2
75%
5%
20%
5%
--
95%
.16
44
.75
106
277
S-2
95%
5%
--
100%
--
--
.18
50
85
120
C-1

AppMix1P
STATE•. OF NORTH CAROLINA
STATE HIGHWAY COMMISSIO"I`I
ROBERT W. SCOTT, Governor D. McLAUC 6 an
srA
1)
.-
�i�:� j)ivisioN 1
Elizabeth City, N. C. OFFICE
November 24, 1971
Dare County
Subject: TI�Drai�nage Problems along US 158 Business, SR 1243 and
unicipal Streets in Najzs Head and Kill Devil Hills
I.::.:ORANDU14 TO THL FIDE:
On November 12, 1971 representatives of the State Highway Commission,
U. S. Soil Conservation Service; Officials of the Towns of Nags Head
and Kill Devil Hills and interested property owners met at the Seafare
Restaurant in Nags Head, N. C. for the purpose of discussing the drainage
problems at subject location.
Some of the problems have been in existence for many years, however,
the record -breaking rainfall during this past October and Storm "Ginger"
aggravated the problems to the extent that the property owners wanted
something done to alleviate the flooding conditions experienced on US 158
Business at several locations. A group headed by I,Ir. Alike Hayman, who
operates the Seafare Restaurant, was instrumental in setting up the
meeting.
Ifs. C. G. Brickle, Mayor of the Town of Nags Head, opened the meeting,
introducing representatives of the State Highway Commission (C. R. Edgerton,
State Hydrographic Engineer, D. W. Patrick, Division Engineer, R. E. West,
District Engineer and E. A. IvIalker, ASa.i.ntenance Supervisor). Mayor Brickle
then introduced Mr. Charles Sawyer, District Conservationist for the
U. S. Soil Conservation Service, Columbia, N. C., who described charac-
teristics of types of water encountered along the beach area, water table,
etc.
Mr. Sawyer said that he could not define all the problems and their
solutions but stated several facts as itemized below:
1. Floodways are needed to collect flood water and carry it
to the sound.
2. Storm sewers are needed.
3. Development of beach area has aggravated drainage and
further development will intensify problems.
4. Drainage development has not progressed as development
of beach area has progressed. ,
D-1

To the File -2- November 24, 1971
5. Large drainage canals are needed, as small ditches fill
in very quickly.
6. Drainage easements are absolutely necessary.
7. Fertilization of beach area is needed to nourish native
vegetation to control "live" sand.
Mr. Sawyer named the three most important needs as follows:
1. Floodways
2. Storm sewer system (open ditch system or combination)
3.. Sewage disposal plant.
Mr. Sawyer suggested ways certain agencies might provide assistance.
Soil Conservation Service could not provide needed services, however,
in urban areas they could provide technical assistance to people per-
forming work but no funds could be allocated.
Next, Mir. Neal Loy, Kill Devil Hills Street Commissioner, stated that
Lhe Town of Kill Devil Hills has a group trying to correct drainage in
the low-lying areas of the torn and* they hope to get some assistance
from the State Highway Commission. Ocean outfalls will -be dis.:-,&;ed
with the State Highway Commassion.
Carl Nunemaker, member of the Nags Head Town Council, stated that a
committee appointed by the Council had made a recent visual inspection
and suggested ways to help the drainage problems. The town will also
solicit aid from the State Highway Commission.
Mr. Mike Hayman, who acted as moderator, discussed methods of obtaining
financial aid from county, state and federal agencies.
rs. Hayman introduced Mr. L. W. Patrick, Division Engineer. Iisted
below, by number are several items mentioned by I-fr. Patrick:
1. Property owners and State Highway Commission have been
complacent concerning drainage problems.
2. North -South drainage between US 158 Bypass and US 158
Business had not been properly maintained.
3. Ocean outfall covered by a business -(Ocean House Motel)
k. Automatic ocean outfalls have been functioning properly.
Concrete pipe is considered the best material for the
drains. Single line pipe can be installed for $60,000 -
'$65,000.
D-2
u

To t .e File -3- November 24, 1971
5. The Highway Commission has easements on some of the East-West
drainage canals and has maintained these canals.
6. State Highway Commission can intervene if an old waterway
is blocked.
7. A meeting concerning the drainage along the total beach
area was held approximately six (*6) years ago. Town
officials were to have a study made by a private consultant
but no action was ever taken.
8. Comprehensive•study is still needed.
9. Drainage needs can not be met within 5-6 years. State
Highway Commission funds are limited. State Highway
Commission will participate in any project, doing its
pro rata share, based on benefits derived.
• 10. All water which flows to highway is not "highway"- water.
11. State Highway Commission can not drain all private property.
Nor. Patrick recommended action be taken on the three items listed below:
1. Comprehensive drainage study.
2. A11 agencies should meet and delegate responsibilities.
3. Nourishment of native vegetation (National Park Service
may provide assistance)
Mrs. Nellie Pridgen, daughter of 2fr. Jethro Midgett, who also is interested
in the drainage problems along the beach, asked who was responsible for
the drainage along the Old Soundside.Road (formerly SR 1221).. Mr. Patrick
stated that maintenance of the ditch is.the joint responsibility of the
State Highway Commission and the Town of Nags Head. (At the present
time, the State Highway Commission is the only agency providing maintenance
on the ditch)
Mrs. Josephine P. Campbell, Campbell Cottages, South Nags Head, (SR 1243)
mentioned roadside ditches and Mr. Patrick said State highway Commission
could re-establish the ditches, however, if ditches were dug too low,
water would stand in ditches all the time due to the elevation of the
water table. Mike Hayman asked if Highway Commission could work with
National Park Service to establish outfall ditches. Mrs. Campbell said
slight dunes were in evidence as a result of sand not being removed
following storm of 1962. State Highway Commission will look into the
matter and try to provide some relief.
Mr. Patrick: then asked fir. C. R. Edgerton, State Hydrographic Engineer,
if he would like to make further comments on the part of the State
Highway Commission.
D-3

To the File -4- November 24, 1971
Mr. Edgerton said he thought that Mr. Patrick had pretty well covered
the drainage in the area, although, he did mention several things which
are, as follows:
1. State Highway Commission is governed by laws and Highway
Commission employees must convince the Highway Commissioners t
-
that off -highway work is justified by the benefits received.
2. The Highway Commission will participate in all drainage
which benefits the highways..
3. The Highway Commission will accept its pro rata share
of the responsibility where water comes to the highway.
4. The Highway Commission will participate in any endeavor
if the project is justified and funds are available.
Mr. Alex Curtis, Nags Head, N. C. stated that the State Highway Ca-r�mission
has not maintained the drainage in the vicinity of Millers Pharmacy on
US 158 Business as it had in the past. Nlr. Sawyer, Soil Conservation
Service, defended the State Highway Commission position on maintenance
responsibilities.
Mr. Mike Hayman stated that the people in the beach area are now willing
to recognize the fact that all water which flows to the highways is not
"highway" water.
Mr. Patrick said that the study group established by the area property
ovmers and municipalities should contact District.Engineer R. E. Siest
on all problems. Problems which can be taken care of will be expedited.
Other problems will be,channelled to the Hydrographic Department of the
State Highway Commission.
Mr. Patrick said the Highway Commission should continue maintaining the
East-West outfalls until the study is in progress, then determine responsi-
bility for each outfall.
IMvj/aih
Cc: Mr. Joe W. Nowellp Jr.
4T-, D. W. Patrick
Mr. C. R. Edgerton
D-4
Yours very truly,
R. E. VIest
District Engineer

DONALD W.BRYAN
MAYOR
J. FRED HILL
MAYOR PRO TEM
ANTHONY W. BARRETT
TOWN MANAGER
Jown
N
February 14, 1980
Jie a
59
COMMISSIONERS
JOSEPH W.POOL
RONALD E. SCOTT
PHYLLIS S. JOHNSON
C pn
Mr. Billy Rose
State Highway Administrator
North Craolina Department of Transportation
P. 0. Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina'27611
Re: Ocean Outfall Drainage Project for Nags Head
Dear Mr. Rose;
I am writing to request planning and implementation monies for Ocean
Outfall(s) for the South Nags Head area,
The Ocean Outfalls that the State has placed in Nags Head hay-- t-een
very successful and are the key to -solving -,a major part of our drainage,
problems. The addition of an Ocean Outfall in the area South of Whalebone
Junction would have many advantages for the Department of Transportation as
well as the Town.
I would appreciate you contacting me so that we may discuss this
further, I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience.
Sincerely,
AA
Anthony W; Barrett
Town Manager
AWB/hb
cc: Marc Basnight, Highway Commissioner
Pat McDowell, Registered Surveyor
D-5 O DD
;I
Phone:
Qa�c
Phone: [phone]

r�� r r r�� r■ r r r���
' 1 •�1
JAMES B. HUNT,JR.
GOVERNOR
THOMAS W. BRADSHAW, JR.
SECRETARY
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
RALEIGH 27611
February 26, 1980
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
Mr. Anthony W. Barrett
Town Manager
Town of Nags Head
Nags Head, North Carolina 27959
Dear Mr. Barrett:
Re: Ocean Outfall Drainage Project,
Nags Head; Dare County
We wish to acknowledge and thank you for your
February 14, 1980, letter requesting the construction
of an ocean outfall in the South Nags Head area.
The anticipated cost of such an outfall estimated
roughly at about $40,000, is beyond the scope of our
maintenance funds and would have to be accomplished under
our Transportation Improvement Program. By copy of this
letter, we are advising our Chief of Planning, Mr. W. F.
Caddell, Jr., of your request so it can be considered in'
the update of the Improvement Program this spring.
this meeting to further emphasize the proposed project.
If we can provide additional information or be of
further assistance, please let us know.
dySinrej.R se
BR/JMG/sj State Highway Administrator
cc: Mr. Marc Basnight
Mr. W. F. Caddell, Jr.
Mr. F. W. Adkins, Jr.
Mr. C. R. Edgerton
D-6

McDOWELL-JONES' P.A.
M� ENGINEERS• SURVEYORS
Post Office Box 391 William P. McDowell III, P E., R.L.S:
303 E. Main Street, Suite 8 Gary L. Jones, P.E., R.L.S.
Elizabeth City, N. C. 27909
[phone]
April 8, 1980
Mr. Thomas W. Bradshaw, Jr.
Secretary
North Carolina Department of Transportation
P.O. Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina'27611
RE: Nags.Head Area Transportation Improvement Program
Dear Mr. Bradshaw:
This letter is to,request tha.t-the~Department.of Trans
portation consider..taking an active -posture in implementing
the recommendations outlined in'the Nags Head -Kill Devil Hills
Thoroughfare Plan of.September 1972. In particular'setting
in motion the necessary planning, budgetry, and design. cons id,-:
erations to provide appropriate and '.timely improvements.to
U.S. 158 Bypass along this transportation corridor.-
1 have had the opportunity to observe this area for some
period of time -as a vacationer for many years and in the past
,18 months providing professional engineering services for the
Town of Nags Head and private clients. The professional services
included conducting the Powell Bill Survey -for the Town of Nags
Head, private -subdivision designs and conducting an area wide
drainage study.
It is quite obvious that U.S. 158 Bypass provides a vital
line of communication for the Outer Banks area and impacts the
community in a number of ways including transportation and
pedistrian safety,.productivity; hurricane emergency evacuation,
orderly growth, and..energy conservation:
As this area continues to grow -internally with residential
dwellings and along U..S. 158 Bypass with commercial establish-
ments the problems increase dramatically not only along U:S.
158 Bypass but also along U.S. 158 Business and along a number
of the substandard streets which run east -west connecting U.S.
158 Business with U.S. 158 Bypass`.
(cond't)
D-7

Mr. Thomas Bradshaw
(page 2)
It is vitally important to consider how to maximize the
use of the existing transportation network as well .as properly
plan for the widening of U.S. 158 Bypass in the future. The
community is presently promoting the development of public
local transportation as well as the construction of bicycle
paths in an effort to help relieve congestion, to conserve
energy and to help reduce fuel costs. Assistance from the
Department of Transportation in achieving these goals in a timely
manner would certainly.help provide an orderly transition
and to some extent a stop -gap method until funds are available
for widening U.S. 158 Bypass.
One does not have to go far to see the impact on a.primary
transportation road in which its present condition was backed
into as opposed to positively planned for ahead. I speak of
Virginia Beach Bouldvard in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Due to.
the inadquate restraints in allowing access to this road by
adjacent commercial establishments and the development.of
parallel service roads, serious traffic flow problems have
developed. The proposed correction to this problem is an eight
lane major highway at the cost of many millions of dollars..
The cost of this project could certainly have been reduced
substancially if 20 years ago planners hadthe insight.to im-
plement an orderly growth and development scheme along this.
corridor.
Thank you for your consideration in this matter,
Yours truly,
William P. McDowell III, P.E.
President
WPM/ j gb

� '� IIIIIIIII� IIIIIIIIII� IIIIIIIIII� IIIIIIIII� IIIIIIIIII� � IIIIIIII� IIIIIIII� IIIIIIIIII� I� � � �
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
RALEIGH 27611 13cx 25201
JAMES B. HUNT,JR. June 5, 1980
GOVERNOR
Mr. William P. McDowell, III, P. E.
President
McDowell -Jones, P. A.
P. O. Box 391
Elizabeth City, North Carolina 27909
Dear Mr. McDowell:
THOMAS W. BRADSHAW, JR.
SECRETARY
Thank you for your recent letter expressing the need for improving US 158
Bypass in the Nags Head - Kill Devil Hills area in Dare County.
We agree that there is a definite need for improving US 158 Bypass along Dare
County coast. This type of project would have to be included in our
Transportation Improvement Program, a listing of all projects approved by our
Board of Transportation scheduled to be constructed in the State during the next
seven years.
Our Board is currently updating next year's Program and will certainly
consider your request. I am sharing a copy of your letter with Mr. W. F. Caddell,
Jr., Chief of Planning, so that your request will be made available to our Board
members and others concerned with updating our Program.
As you may know, our funding situation has become quite critical, due to
rising construction costs and declining revenue collected from motor fuel taxes. No
new projects were added to our current Program during last year's update process.
However, we expect our financial situation to be relieved somewhat through the
efforts of Governor Hunt's recently appointed Blue Ribbon Study Commission on
Transportation Needs and Financing. This Commission has been studying our
problems for several months .now so that new revenue sources can be identified to
finance needed projects like the US 158 Bypass. The Commission is scheduled to
submit its findings and recommendations to the Governor and General Assembly in
January of 1981. We are hopeful that the Legislature will act favorably toward
these recommendations so that North Carolina can continue to provide its citizens
the efficient transportation system they deserve.
R M
0
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� � � � � � � � � I� Illy t♦ l� ll� Ili �
Page 2
Thank you again for expressing your concern and interest in the need for
improving US 158 bypass. Please feel free to contact us again if we can be of
assistance in other transportation matters.
p'Since ly yours,
Vhomas W�Bradshav
Secretary
TW B j r/am T
cc: The Honorable Donald W. Bryan, Mayor of Nags Head
The Honorable Lowell M. Perry, Mayor of Kill Devil Hills
Mr. Marc Basnight, Member, Board of Transportation
Mr. T. G. Joyner, . Member, Board of Transportation
Mr. W. F. Caddell, Jr., Chief of Highway Planning
D-10

APPENDIX E
References
1. A Summary Report - Southeast Conference on Urban Storm
Water Management, at North Carolina State University,
April, 1979 Prepared by David H. Howell, Published by
Water Resources Research Institute, The University of
North Carolina.
2. Design of Exfiltration Trench Systems for Underground
Disposal of Storm Water Runoff by Darrell E. McQueen, P.E.
Bristol, Childs and Associates, Inc., Coral Gables, Fla.
May 1979.
3. Engineering Field Manual for Conservation Practices,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service,
April 1975.
4. Handbook of Design for Highway Surface Drainage Structures,
prepared by Bridge Location & Hydrographic Department,
C.R. Edgerton, State Hydrographic Engineer, 1973.
5. Hydrology, Section 4, SCS National Engineering Handbook,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service,
August 1972.
6. Nags Head -Kill Devil Hills Thoroughfare Plan prepared by
Planning and Research Department, North Carolina State
Highway Commission, September, 1972.
7. Nags Head Master Drainage Plan prepared by the Pamlico
Soil and Water Conservation District November 1976.
8. Practices in Detention of Urban Stormwater Runoff,
American Public Works Association Special Report M.43.,1974.
9. Proceedings of a Workshop -North Carolina Workshop on
Management of Stormwater, Sedimentation, and Flood Control
in Urban Areas, January 5, 1978, published by Water Resources
Research Institute of The University of North Carolina.
10. Roadway Standard- Drawings, State of North Carolina, Depart-
ment of Transportation, Division of Highways Roadway Design
Unit, July 1, 1978.
11. Sedimentation Control, Chapter 4, Title 15, North Carolina
Administrative Code, January 11, 1978.
12. Soil Survey of the Outer Banks, North Carolina, United States
Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service June 1977.
13. Stormwater Management Alternatives, J. Tourbier and R.
Westmacott, Editors, Water Resources Center, University of
Delaware, April 1980.
E-1

14. Underground Disposal of Storm Water Runoff, Design Guide-
lines Manual by Joseph B. Hannon, P.E., U.S. Department
of'Transportation, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA -
TS-80-218) February 1980.
15.. Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds, Technica_1 Release
No. 55, United States Department of Agriculture, Soil
Conservation Service, January, 1975.
16.. Water Quality and Urban Stormwater, A Management Plan,
Division of Environmental Management, North Carolina
Department of Natural Resources and Community Development
July, 1979.
E-2