Land Use and Development Plan 1986 Update-1987

LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN
FOR
TOWN OF MANTE0,
NORTH C A R 0 L I N A
1986 - UPDATE
MARCH, 1987
DCM COPY'OqW,�T " DCM COPY
lease do not remove!!!!!
Division of Coastal Management

A
LAND
USE
AND
DEVELOPMENT
PLAN
FOR
TOWN
OF MANTEDo
NORTH
C A R 0 L I
N A
1986 - UPDATE
MARCH, 1987
0
The preparation of this document was financed in part through a
grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program through
funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 as amended,
which is adninistered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resources
Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
i

1986 LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
TOWN OF MANTEO
BOARD OF TOWN COMMISSIONERS
Luther H. Daniels, Mayor
Jule Burrus Gus Granitzki
H. A. Creef Harry Schiffman
Mollie Fearing Jack Tillett
TOWN PLANNING BOARD
Carl Hayes, Chairman
Carol Adams Walter Gregory
Darrell Collins Melvin Jackson
This plan was adopted by the Manteo Board of Commissioners
after Public Hearing on March 4, 1987, and certified by the
North Carolina Coastal Resources Commission on March 27, 1987.
Prepared by
DEAN MOSS AND ASSOCIATES
ii

TOWN OF MANTEO, NORTH CAROLINA
LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN
1986 UPDATE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Title
Page No.
I.
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . I-1
II.
EXISTING CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . II-1
A.
POPULATION AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY . . .
. . . . II-1
1. Historic and Current Permanent Population . .
. . . . II-4
2. Temporary and Visitor Population . . . . . . .
. . . . II-6
3. Current Economic Base . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . II-7
B.
LAND USE
... II-8
1. Description of Existing Land Use
II-8
2. Areas of Land Use Change or Conflict . . . . .
. . . . II-12
C.
PLANS, POLICIES, AND REGULATIONS . . . . . . .
. . . . II-13
1. Local Plans, Policies, and Ordinances . . . .
. . . . II-13
2. Other Significant Plans, & Regulations . . . .
. . . . II-23
D.
NATURAL RESOURCE FACTORS AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT . .
. . . . II-30
1. Geology and Soils . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . II-30
2. Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . II-35
3. Flood Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . II-38
4. Areas of Environmental Concern . . . . . .
. . . . II-42
5. Important Cultural and Historic Areas . . . .
. . . . II-46
E.
COMMUNITY FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . II-48
1. Water System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . II-49
2. Sewer System . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . II-55
3. Storm Drainage System . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . II-60
4. Streets and Parking . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . II-61
5. Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . I I-64
III. FUTURE CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-1
A. PROJECTIONS OF FUTURE POPULATION III-2
1. Factors Affecting Future Population Growth III-2
2. Projections of Population Growth . . . . . . . . . . III-6
B. NEED FOR LAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-11
iii

I
Section Title Page No.
C. NEED FOR COMMUNITY FACILITIES . . . . . III-11
1. Future Demand for Water and Sewer Service III-14
2. Potential Need for Road and Street Improvements . . . III-17
3. Impacts on Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-19
IV. PLANNING OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-1
A. RESOURCE PROTECTION ISSUES
1.
Development in Areas with Physical Constraints .
IV-2
2.
Development in Areas of Environmental Concern . .
. IV-5
3.
Development Adjacent to Important Cultural and
Historic Resource Areas . . . . . . . . . .
. IV-7
4.
Management of Stormwater Runoff . . . . . . . . . .
. IV-8
5.
Marina and Floating Home Development . . . . .
. IV-9
6.
Sewage Effluent Discharge to Shallowbag Bay . . . .
. IV-10
7.
Required Issues Not Relevant to Manteo . . . . . .
. IV-11
B. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
1.
Fishery Nursery Areas . . . . . . . . .
. IV-11
2.
Required Issues Not Relevant to Manteo . . . . . .
. IV-12
C. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
1.
Local Commitment to Provide Services to Development
IV-12
2.
Types of Urban Growth Patterns Desired and
Redevelopment of Developed Areas . . . . . s . . . .
. IV-14
3.
Support for State and Federal Programs and
Assistance to Channel Maintenance Projects . . . . . . .
. IV-21
4.
Tourism and Beach and Waterfront Access . . . . . .
. IV-21
5.
Annexation . . . . . . . . . .
. IV-24
6.
Water and Sewerline Replacement . . . . . . . . . .
. IV-26
7.
Downtown Parking . . . . . . . . . . . .
. IV-26
8.
Improvements to Highway 64/264 . . . . . . . . . .
. IV-29
9.
Underground Utilities . . . . . . .
. IV-31
10.
Required Issues not Relevant to Manteo . . . . . .
. IV-34
D. CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION . . . . . . . . . . . .
. IV-34
E. STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST STORM RECOVERY AND EVACUATION
1. Risks From Storm Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-37
2. Mitigation of Storm Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-39
3. Post Storm Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-40
4. Evacuation Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-42
V. LAND CLASSIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-1
A. INTRODUCTION V-1
.... .. ......... .
B. APPLICATION OF LAND CLASS SYSTEM TO TOWN OF MANTEO V-2
1. Developed Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-4
2. Convervation Class . V-4
C. RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES AND LAND CLASSIFICATION SCHEME. . V-4
iv
1

Section Title
VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Under Separate Cover
VII. APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. IMPLEMENTATION STATUS OF PREVIOUS LAND USE PLAN
B. INITIAL PUBLIC INFORMATION SHEET
C. MEMO ON RESULTS OF PUBLIC SURVEY
D. DRAFT TOWN EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURE
v
Page No.
VI-1
VII-1

I
1
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
'
Table Number
Short Title
Page No.
Table 1
Population of Manteo . . . . . . . . . . . . .
II-4
'
Table 2
Visitation to Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I I-5
Table 3
Zoning of Manteo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
II-21
'
Table 4
Soils of Manteo . . . . . . . .
II-31
Table 5
Water Use in Manteo . . . . . . . . . . .
II-50
Table 6
Sewage Generated vs. Water Used . . . . . . .
II-58
Table 7
Population Projections . . . . . . . . . . . .
III-8
Table 8
Temporary and Visitor Projections . . . . . .
III-10
Table 9
Projected Demand for Water and Sewer . . . . .
III-16
Figure Number
Short Title
Page No.
Figure 1
North Carolina and Project Area . . . . . . .
II-2
'
Figure 2
North Central Roanoke Island . . . . . . . . .
II-3
'
Figure 3
Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
II-9
Figure 4
Zoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
II-19
Figure 5
Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
II-32
Figure 6
Flooding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
II-39
Figure 7
AECs & Cultural Resource Sites
II-43
'
Figure 8
Water System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
II-53
Figure 9
Sewer System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
II-56
'
Figure 10
Sewage vs. Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
II-59
Figure 11
Land Classification System . . . . . . . . . .
V-3
vi

TOWN OF MANTEO, NORTH CAROLINA
Land Use and Development Plan
1986 UPDATE
I. INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this planning document is to provide an update to the
Manteo Land Use Plan prepared and adopted by the Town in 1981. The 1981
Plan was prepared as part of the general preparation for the 400th
Anniversary celebration of the First Roanoke Colonies and focused much
of its attention on the special needs of Manteo in preparing for that
Celebration. A discussion of that plan and of the extent to which its
recommendations have been implemented is included as Appendix A to this
document.
This plan builds upon the foundation layed down by the 1981 Plan.
In addition to addressing new requirements set forth by the Coastal
Resources Commission, it looks at several issues which are of special
concern to the Town, including downtown parking, annnexation policy and
utility line replacement.
The Plan addresses only the existing incorporated area of Manteo.
At the time of this writing, the Town is discussing the potential expan-
sion of the Town limits and, if such an expansion were to occur, a more
detailed plan may need to be done for the new area. Dare County will be
funded by CAMA to update its Plan during 1986/87 and the most rational
policy would be to address an update for any new areas of Manteo at this
time.
I-1

This Plan is organized to follow the State Planning Guidelines con-
tained in 15 NCAC 07B.0100 etseq. This Introduction is followed by a
discussion of Existing Conditions. Future Conditions including future
demand for utilities are projected and this is followed by a discussion
of Manteo's Objectives and the Policies selected to achieve them. This
section includes a subsection on Storm Hazard Mitigation and Storm
Damage Response. The final section of the Plan is on Land
Classification and the relationship of the policies to that classifica-
tion scheme. A Bibliography and various Appendices are included at the
end.
An open and straight forward planning process was followed in the
development of this plan. Background papers and reports were prepared
for review by Town officials and others and the plan was prepared based
on this preliminary work. A draft plan document was presented to the
Town in June 1986 and after slight modifications, a draft plan was for-
warded to the State at the end of August.
During the development of this plan, regular meetings and
discussions were held with the Planteo Planning Board, the Board of Town
Commissioners, and other officials and residents of the Town. All
meetings of the Board where the Plan would be discussed were announced
beforehand. An information sheet prepared to explain the Plan to citi-
zens is included as Appendix B. A questionnaire was distributed, via
the water bill mailing list to most residents and businesses in Manteo
and although the response was slim, 'a reasonable cross section of opi-
nion was obtained. A memo to the Board discusses the results of the
questionnaire and is included as Appendix C.
I-2
I

There are several special plans done for the Town since 1980 which
this Plan references and utilizes. It is recommended that these be re-
examined by the Boards and that they be implemented as appropriate.
They include:
1) Traffic Operations and Parking Study (DOT - 1981)
2) Stormwater Management (McDowell -Jones, 1982)
3) Guide for Development (NCSU 1981)
4) Urban Forestry Report (NRCD 1980)
5) Dare County Emergency Response Plan (1983)
Planning, to be successful, must be an ongoing process of constant
questioning and answering. The Manteo Planning Board should be con-
sulted on all major issues affecting the Town's future and when
necessary, professional assistance (on a project by project basis)
should be employed.
I-3

II
' II. EXISTING CONDITIONS
The Town of Manteo, incorporated in 1899, is the County Seat of Dare
County. The Town was named after Manteo, an Indian friend of the first
Colonists and the first Protestant baptized in the New World, on August
13, 1587.
The
Town sits at the north central end of
Roanoke Island, and the
downtown
waterfront area borders Doughs Creek
and Shallowbag Bay.
Figures
1 and 2 show the location of the Town
in the context of North
Carolina
and in the context of Central Roanoke
Island,
By highway the Town is approximately 200 miles from Raleigh, the
State Capitol and 120 miles from the Norfolk -Hampton Roads, Virginia
area.
Roanoke Island is about ten miles long and varies in width from one
to three miles. Elevations in the Manteo area range from sea level
upwards to 12 feet above MSL. The area is characterized by mild
winters and hot, moist summers. Because of its proximity to the ocean,
prevailing weather conditions are similar to those on the coast.
A. POPULATION AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
This section describes the current population and economic con-
ditions in the planning area. The source of most of the information is
the 1980 Census and therefore some conditions may have changed since the
information was collected. This is not considered a major problem, for
despite the increasing pace of economic development, the increase in
permanent population has not been large.

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FIGURE I
NORTH CAROLINA
Showing Project
Location
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FIGURE 2
i
TOWN OF MANTEO
DARE COUNTY, N.C.
------Existing Town Limits
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1. Historic and Current Permanent Population:
Manteo's population slowly decreased from 1950 to 1970 and then
increased substantially in 1978-79 as a result of a major annexation.
Table 1 shows the historic population of Manteo and Dare County from
1950 to 1980 and indicates the percentage of the County's population
residing in Manteo.
TABLE 1
POPULATION OF MANTEO AND DARE COUNTY
1950 - 1985
Year Dare County Manteo Manteo %
19501 5,405 635 11.8
19601 5,935 587 9.9
19701 6,995 547 7.8
19801 13,377 902 (489)3 6,7 (3.6)3
19852 17,000 1,000 5.8
1 Source: U. S. Census Reports
2 1985 population is estimated based on an extrapolation of
State 1984 estimates.
3 Numbers in parentheses show population of original Manteo area,
Table 1 indicates that while Dare County is growing very rapidly,
Manteo's growth has been much slower. This is understandable given that
the vast majority of the County's growth has occurred on the beaches.
It is important to note however that since 1980, based on State of North
Carolina estimates (extrapolated to 1985) Manteo has grown by about 10%.
This shows a clear reversal of the trend from 1950 to 1970 where the
Town has slowly lost population. Most of this growth is occurring in
the areas which were annexed in the late 1970s.
II-4

Point of Interest
Cape Hatteras Nat. Seashore
Jocky's Ridge State Park
Wright Bros. Memorial
Elizabeth II Hist. Site2
Fort Raleigh Nat. Mon.
N. C. Aquarium
Traffic Counts
Alligator River Bridge
Currituck Sound Bridge
TABLE 2
VISITATION TO DARE COUNTY AND MANTEO AREA
By Year 1980 - 1985
19801
1981
1982
1983
1,693,283
1,863,488
1,931,177
1,948,105
NA
NA
NA
294,200
431,005
431,790
417,544
486,479
NA
NA
NA
62,378
354,063
302,752
303,953.
363,361
229,448
236,971
252,682
315,194
1984
1985
1986
1,438,089
1,263,837
1,638,705
274,822
304,250
329,026
411,677
450,837
632,969
134,846
136,632
109,497
391,915
275,419
261,870
299,873
336,030
343,450
NA 537,110 544,510 581,810 615,170 553,370 621,731
NA 1,955,970 1,816,575 2,058,570 2,626,960 2,748,620 3,280,682
Notes: Source: Dare County Chamber of Commerce
1 1980 Figures from source agencies.
2 Elizabeth II figures from Chamber of Commerce differ from State figures. State figures
for 1983, 1984, and 1985 are 60,777, 127,560 and 138,690 respectively. 1986 figures
are highly subject because of counting problems.

2. Temporary and Visitor Populations:
Table 2 shows visitation at key features in Dare County and shows
traffic across the two entrance bridges from 1981 to 1985. Traffic
across the Currituck Sound Bridge is about 5 times greater than traffic
across the Alligator River Bridge. This means generally that about 83%
of the people visiting Dare County have no reason to visit Manteo except
to see the various attractions on Roanoke Island.
There are currently 170 motel and guest rooms in Manteo and 30 camp
sites. There are an additional 500 campsites at the north end of
Roanoke Island. This is in comparison to 4,443 motel rooms and 2,819
campsites for the county as a whole. The county as a whole also con-
tains 7,950 rental cottages, 297 rental cottage units, 750 condominiums
and 650 timeshare units.1 Manteo has a few rental houses and apart-
ments and several new condominiums.
There are several key points which flow from this information and
which may be important for future planning.
° The number of visitors and temporary residents in Manteo are very
small when compared to the rest of the County.
° Most visitors to Manteo apparently come across from Nags Head to
visit the tourist attractions and then return.
° The proportion of Dare County visitors from North Carolina -- and
that means those who will pass through Manteo on their way to the Beach
-- is relatively small when compared to those from other states.
1Source: Dare County Chamber of Commerce, 10-85.
II-6

3. Current Economic Base
Manteo's current economic base is a mixture of the old and the new
Since well before its incorporation in 1899 Manteo has been the county
seat of Dare County and an important fishing and commercial center.
Fishing has declined in importance as the fleet and processing activi-
ties have shifted to Wanchese but there are still fishing activities
centered in Manteo. Governmental activities have continued to be impor-
tant but the prominence of Manteo as the commercial center of the County
has declined as the population center has shifted to the beach and as
commercial centers have been developed there. Business, personal, and
professional services have also tended to follow the population to the
beach, but significantly, several of the service firms and organizations
also maintain offices in Manteo. Because the resident visitor popula-
tion of Manteo is a small percentage of the permanent population (at
least when compared to other Dare County communities) there appears to
be a slightly greater economic stability in Manteo than in other com-
munities. Put simply, people in Manteo may not make as much money as in
other communities in the county but at the same time, most businesses in
Manteo don't close down in the winter.
Despite Manteo's slightly lower reliance on tourism it is, however,
the major component of the retail economy. Most people from North
Carolina who come to the Outer Banks pass through Manteo to get there,
and many of them stop in Manteo both to view the historic sites and to
stock up on supplies before going out on to the beaches.
I ,

B. LAND USE
The land use patterns of a community reflect the past and present
actions which people have taken to live on the land. Manteo is no
exception. The development pattern of the Town, particularly of Old
Manteo, still shows the historic focus that the town had on the
waterfront. As the economic orientation of the town has shifted to
serving the auto -borne tourist passing through on Highway 64-264, the
land use patterns are shifting as well. This section describes the
current land use (Jan 1986) and discussed areas where land use change
and conflicts may occur.
1. Description of Existing Land Use:
As mentioned above, Manteo's land use reflects its historic and
current economic orientation and role in the community. Figure 3 (pg. II-9)
shows the distribution of the major land use types across the community.
Manteo is primarily a residential community, and residential land
uses occur in all parts of the town and even along Rt. 64-264. The
major single family residential concentrations are in the older part of
Town both north and south of the commercial core, west of 64-264 in the
Fernando/Sir Walter Raleigh street area and in the Roanoke Park area.
There is some multi -family housing in the older part of town, most
notably along Budleigh Street, now in the newer development on the
waterfront. The major multi -family concentrations however, are in the
two developments (Harbortown and Baytree) located near the old water
plant, in the condomonium development along the water front, and most
recently in the newly developed area (Croatan Townhomes) between the new
sewage treatment plant and the new Sawyer Ford facility.
II-8

" "J V 9-WL0434G
TOWN OF
MANTEO
DARE COUWTY N.C.
EXISTING LAND USE
Commercial
Multi family \\\\\
Single family/////
Institutional)VW
Vacant -usable \\\\
Vacant-unusablel�
EAY \�

Commerical development is concentrated in two areas: along 64-264
' and in the downtown area. There are several types of commercial areas
involved and although they are mapped as one it is helpful to think of
' them separately. First, there is highway commercial; development which
is oriented either to the traveling visitor or to residents shopping
with their auto. This includes such land uses as motels, fast food
restaurants, gas stations and shopping centers. These uses are almost
exclusively located on 64-264 and rely on the constant auto traffic and
the traveling visitor for their business. There are other commercial
uses which occur on 64-264 but which could operate elsewhere if space
and access were available. These include building material suppliers,
hardware stores, auto parts stores, banks, and other shops. While these
activities actively market themselves to the traveler, they also, and in
some cases primarily, exist to serve the needs of the permanent residen-
tial and business community. They exist along the highway partially
because of ease of access and the availability of land for parking.
Commercial activities in the downtown area are of several basic
types. First and most obvious are the restaurants, gift shops, antique
shops, and other speciality shops oriented to the visitor. Most are
located in old buildings and try to capture the flavor of the old down-
town area in their marketing. Next are what might be considered the
traditional retail businesses of downtown Manteo. These include several
restaurants, a theatre, and a furniture store among others. These are
patronized by both residents and visitors. Third there are a number of
commercial and professional offices including law offices, real estate
II-10

and insurance offices and an architect's office. And finally there are
those few remaining fish houses located between Dough's Creek and
Croatan Avenue, reminders of what the entire waterfront was like years
ago. The Salty Dog Marina, though not downtown, is another nearby busi-
ness which depends on a waterfront location. While most downtown com-
mercial use is concentrated east of Lord Essex Avenue and between
Ananias Dare and Agona Street, there are scattered commercial uses
(offices, guest houses) throughout the old Manteo area. In general,
excepting of course in the corridor surrounding 64-264, there do not
appear to be major conflicts between commercial and residential uses.
Manteo seems to have a high proportion of institutional land uses.
These include government offices and facilities, parks, schools,
churches, cemetaries, and office buildings devoted to non-profit func-
tions. This concentration is consistent with Manteo's function as the
county seat of Dare County and as the site of three of the County's
schools. The State Highway Division facilities, the Elizabeth II site
and Ice Plant Island generally are all within the city limits.
The last category of land use mapped is vacant land. This is con-
sidered to be of two types: usable and unusable. In general, Manteo
has very little usable vacant land within the current city limits.
There is some acreage (less than 8 acres) owned by the Town across
Bowser Town Road from the new sewer plant, and there are, scattered
through town, a number of vacant lots. Otherwise, the entire town is
developed, though some parts of it may be available for redevelopment.
Vacant land which might be considered unusable is primarily in

Marsh and most of this lies adjacent to Shallowbag Bay south of the
downtown area. Virtually all of this marsh is owned privately as part
of lots which front on either 64-264 or Fernando Street.
There is also a large chunk of vacant though subdivided land known
as Wescott Estates which lies between old Manteo and the newly annexed
Manteo High School Property. This is not currently within the Town
limits.
In summary, Manteo's land use is generally indicative of a mature
community. The land uses of the various areas are well established and
the general trend in the future will be toward redevelopment of land
which is underutilized. Most of this land lays along 64-264 where com-
mercial development can be expected to fill-in vacant land south of
Budleigh and slowly press to replace the residential development north
of Budleigh. Manteo's current economic situation all but dictates that
much of the future pressure will be to expand the highway commercial
development. There is currently no apparent demand for commercial ser-
vices anywhere else in town.
2. Areas of Land Use Change or Conflict:
There are three areas in Manteo where land use change and sub-
sequent conflict will likely occur. First, in the downtown area, much
of the available vacant land is scheduled for development including a
large parcel which currently serves as parking near the Town docks.
When this development begins, the current parking will be displaced and
this will quite likely cause a major stir among residents.
Secondly, in the residential areas west of Highway 64/264, are many
vacant lots. This area is the primary low income residential area of
II-12

Manteo and as the value of land with sewer access increases, pressure
will build to redevelop that open land into more expensive housing.
This may displace some existing residents and will likely create some.
conflict.
Finally, the Highway 64/264 corridor is subject to all the conflicts
and problems which normally accompany rapid strip commercial develop-
ment.
C. PLANS, POLICIES, AND REGULATIONS
As a result of previous N. C. D. N. R. C. D. grants and because of
the intense activity which preceeded the 400th Anniversary of the
English settlement of Roanoke Island, Manteo has been subject to much
recent study and planning. Studies and plans have also been done for
Dare County in general and for the areas surrounding Manteo. This sec-
tion of the report looks at the various plans currently in effect for
the Manteo area and evaluates the various implementation mechanisms
which accompany them. Local plans and ordinances are discussed first,
followed by areawide, county, state and federal programs.
1. Local Plans, Policies, and Ordinances:
As mentioned above, many plans, studies, and projects have been
carried out in Manteo since 1980, principally in anticipation of
expected rapid growth associated with the 400th Anniversary. This sec-
tion discusses the various plans which have been prepared and notes what
has been implemented and what has not. It also discusses the various
ordinances enacted by the Town which affect development.
II-13

a. Local Plans and Policies
1) 1980-81 Development Plan. This plan was prepared by
the Town with the assistance of faculty and students from the School of
Design at N. C. State University. The plan consisted of six volumes as
follows:
1. Coastal Area Management Act Land Use Plan 1981 for the Town of
Manteo, Manteo, North Carolina, 1981.
2. Survey of Towns people, Public Report One of a Plan for Manteo's
Future Deve opment, Raleigh, NC, 1980.
3. Theme for the Future, Public Report Two of a Plan for Manteo's
Future Development, Ra eigh, NC, 1980.
4. Guide for Development, Public Report Three of a Plan for
Manteo's Future Deve opment, Manteo, NC, 1981
5. Economic Analysis, Public Report Four of a Plan for Manteo's
Future Development, Manteo, NC 1981.
6. Roanoke Island's Past, Public Report Five of a Plan for
Manteo's Future Development, Manteo, NC, 1981.
The 1981 Coastal Area Land Use Plan was reviewed in detail and the
implementation status of the various policies and proposals contained in
the plan is discussed in Appendix A. The Land Use Plan consisted pri-
marily of policies and objectives oriented toward the fulfillment of the
following six goals.
Goal 1 - Develop a new purpose for the downtown.
Goal 2 - Preserve and enhance the character of Manteo through
comprehensive planning for the town's future.
Goal 3 - Improve community services to residents of Manteo.
Goal 4 - Celebrate the quadricentennial of the first Roanoke
colonies in Manteo.
II-14

Goal 5 - Develop a more economically viable community.
Goal 6 - Provide recreational opportunities for all Manteo
residents.
The other documents provide information and ideas which were
designed to contribute to the achievement of the Plan's goals. The most
important document is Volume 3, Guide for Development which, while
focusing primarily on the long term design of the downtown area, also
provides some guidance for other areas of the Town. The 1981 Plan was
an imaginative and very well prepared document, and several of the pro-
jects proposed there have in fact been achieved. Its main fault lies in
its inability to predict the actual forces which would drive the Town's
development.
Despite the towns effort at major downtown redevelopment, downtown
tourism is still a very small part of the current activity. The main
thrust of commercial development is along 64-264 and the plan's lack of
detail regarding design and uses in that corridor is a major
defficiency.
These contrary occurrences are not the plan's fault. It simply
failed to acknowledge that the aggressive, design oriented leadership
which existed in 1980 would logically change and that since the vision
espoused by the plan was not shared unanimously by the Town, that would
change as well.
The 1981 plan and its attendant documents are not now used by the
Town to guide decisions. Nonetheless, the burst of activity and innova-
tion which occurred in the early 1980s has forever changed Manteo.
II-15

2) Water and Sewer Development Plan. This plan was
developed for the Town by Andrews, Miller & Associates, Inc. - Engineers
and Surveyors in 1975-76 and was implemented over approximately the
following five years. The major annexation (247 acres) which occurred
in 1977 was layed out in this report and the final surveying was carried
out by the same firm.
The plan lays out arrangements of new water and sewer lines to serve
the areas proposed for annexation. This plan did not recommend a new
sewage plant but did propose changes in the existing plant relating to
solids handling.
The plan was implemented during the period 1977 to 1981 and at this
point about 95% of the lots in Manteo have water and sewer service
available.
3) Flood Insurance Study. This study was prepared for
the Town of Manteo by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
After several drafts and considerable negotiation over 100 year flood
elevations, the final results were accepted by the Town in early 1985.
The areas projected to be innundated by the 100 year flood as set forth
in the approved study are shown on Figure 6. This study now serves as
the basis for all building elevations in the community.
4) Traffic Operations and Parking Study. This.study and
plan was prepared for Manteo by the N. C. Department of Transportation
in 1981. It evaluates the traffic flow, parking, sign needs, speed
zones and other vehicular needs in the downtown area and makes recommen-
dations. A comparison of the recommendations with the existing con-
II-16

ditions in Manteo reveal that while several major changes recommended by
the plan have been accomplished, others have not. Parking continues to
be an area where problems exist and where the majority of the plan's
recommendations have not been followed.
5) Stormwater Management Plan. This plan was prepared
for the Town in 1982 by McDowell and Jones, Engineers and Surveyors. It
was funded in part by a grant from the N. C. D. N. R. C. D. This plan
contains a careful description and accurate maps of the stormwater mana-
gement system in Manteo. It identifies drainage problem areas, calcula-
tes current and "built -out" stormwater flows and makes specific
structural and policy recommendations for the Town, County, and State to
consider. Several of the structural recommendations have been imple-
mented, but the important policy recommendations have not been
addressed. The Town does not yet have a drainage policy or a drainage
ordinance.
The plan does not address the issue of pollution of coastal waters
around Manteo by stormwater inflows.
6) Urban Forestry Report. This report and plan was pre-
pared for the Town in 1980 by the N. C. DNRCD, Division of Forest
Resources. The report's purpose is to present an inventory of Manteo's
street trees and to make recommendations regarding future plantings and
maintenance. The Town has a Tree Board and an ordinance (15.1)
regarding trees. Trees have not been an issue to this point in the
current planning and it is not clear to what extent the recommendations
in the report have been carried out.
II-17

7) Emergency Operations Procedures (Draft). This draft
procedures document was prepared by the previous Town Administrator in
November 1985 apparently in response to what had occurred in the Town
during Hurricane Gloria. This document remains in draft as of March
1986.
The document sets forth a town chain of command in the event of
emergencies and describes the general actions to be carried out by
responsible officials before, during, and after the disaster. It is
designed to be consistent with Dare County's Disaster Plan (see below).
b. Local Ordinances
1) Manteo Zoning and Development Ordinance. This is a
comprehensive ordinance which contains virtually all of Manteo's rules
regarding development. Its contents include:
a) Provisions associated with the classic zoning ordinance
including zoning districts, permitted uses, conditional uses, dimen-
tional requirements, parking requirements, and provisions for noncon-
forming uses.
b) Subdivision Ordinance
c) Mobile Home Ordinance
d) Sign Ordinance
e) Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance
f) Planned Unit Development Ordinance
g) Building Permit Ordinance
h) Provisions governing implementation, interpretation, applica-
tion for permits, amendments, and appeals.
II-18

The ordinance was originally enacted in 1979 but was extensively
amended in 1982 using N. C. D. N. R. C. D. funds.
Figure 4 (pg. II-19) shows the Town of Manteo and indicates the
location of the various zoning districts. Table 3 lists the five zoning
districts and gives specific information about each, including the per-
mitted and conditional uses.
The ordinance is administered by the Manteo Planning Board, through
which every proposed building or development related action must pass.
The planning board is normally staffed by the Town Administrator. This
position was vacant from January through May 1986 and the lack of
staffing cause significant problems for the Board. The ordinance
applies only within the Town limits since Manteo has no extraterritorial
jurisdiction.
As it currently exists, the ordinance is comprehensive and well
organized and written, though it contains (or lacks) several things
which have caused or may cause problems.
° As shown on Table 3 and Figure 4 a very large amount of land in
Manteo is zoned for commercial uses. Seventy percent of Manteo's land
base is zoned commercial and this is extreme from any perspective. This
is in variance to one of the avowed objectives of the 1981 plan which on
page 12 states as an objective: "Protect Residential Neighborhoods".
Because of the large amount of commercially zoned land, requests for
zoning changes are very infrequent.
There are no current programs, zoning or standards to protect the
downtown "historic" district. Such an ordinance was proposed but so far
as is known, was never adopted.
II-20

TABLE 3
LAND USES PERMITTED BY MANTEO ZONING ORDINANCE
District Code
R-1
R-2
R-5
B1
B2
District Name
Low Density
Med. Density
General
Village
General
Residential
Residential
Residential
Business
Business
Acreage Zoned
30.2
41.1
63.3
82.8
231
Percent of Town
6.7
9.2
14.1
18.5
51.5
Minimum Lot Size
15,000
10,000
7,500
Suffic.
Suffic.
Max. Lot Coverage
30%
30%
30%
No Max.
85%
Uses Permitted
By Right
By Right
By Right
By Right
By Right
°Single fam.
°Single fam.
°Single fam.
*Offices
°Offices
detached
detached
detached
(list)
(list)
dwellings
dwellings
dwellings
°Retail
*Retail
°Accessory
°Duplexes
*Accessory
(list)
(list)
Buildings
°Accessory
Buildings
°Services
°Services
Buildings
(list)
(list)
B,Y C.U.P._
°Mobile Hms.
Fy C.U.P._
°SF Dwell
:SF
°Auto Sales
*Modular
°Outdoor Rec.
°Fire Sta.
Units
houses
°Indoor
°Schools
°Fire Sta.
°Apts.
Recrea.
'Public
BY C.U.P._
°Schools
°Condos
°Bldg.
Bldgs.
°Public Bldg.
°Public
Supply
°Home Occ.
°Fire Sta.
°Home Occs.
Util.
°Plumb.
°Clubs
°Schools
'Public
Facil.
Supply
(list)
°Public
Utilities
°Group
°Cabinet
*Public
Bldgs.
Facilities
Dev.
Shops
Utilities
°Home Occ.
°Water
Projs.
°Motels
Facilities
°Clubs
Related
°Outdoor
°Hotels
°PUDs
(list)
Occup.
Markets
°Contractors
°Group
*Public
°PUDs
°Cottage
'SF Dwell
Develop.
Util.
*Group
Ind.
°Boat Sales
Proj.
Facil.
Develop.
°PUDs
°Ice Plants
°Modular
°PUDs
Projs.
°Duplexes
Classrms
°Group
°Churches
C.U.P.
°Funeral
(Temp)
Dev.
°Cemetaries
_B�
Homes
Proj.
°Duplexes
None
°Radio/TV
°Churches
°Townhouse
Stations
°Cemetaries
Devs.
*Bus Terminals
°Mobile
*Marinas
Home
By C.U.P.
Parks
`Service Stat.
°Townhouse
°Public Util.
Devs.
Facilities
°Townhouses &
Condos
°PUDs
'Group Develop.
Projs.
II-21

° There are no drainage requirements in the ordinance.
Particularly as the commercial development along 64-264 increases in
intensity, drainage will become a much more critical problem.
° Because of the comprehensiveness of the ordinance, and the detail
which it contains, problems are occasionally encountered in implemen-
tation. Situations occur in which an individual's desires to develop
are thwarted by the ordinance, and the Planning Board feels frustrated
by its inability to approve what most agree is a desirable end. This
problem is also exacerbated by two other factors:
a) The lack of a land use plan which addresses the rapidly deve-
loping 64-264 corridor. Such a plan could help the Board when
addressing site specific issues.
b) The problem always encountered in small towns where all the
actors are known to one another. The Board's inclination is to help the
citizen do what he wants (within reason) and members often find it very
difficult to say no - especially when a project is marginal.
2) . Water and Sewer Ordinance. Manteo has a city-wide
water and sewer system and has adopted ordinances which address the
requirement to connect, fees, allowable discharges to the sewer system
and other factors.
In general, all
structures
used for habitation, occupancy or busi-
ness must be hooked
up to the
sewer system and the water system. The
ordinance prohibits
outside toilets
and septic systems in the Town of
Manteo. While this
ordinance
has been generally followed, there are
some exceptions including
the
Shallowbag Bay Campground. This area
II
1 II-22

receives water service but is not connected to the sewer. There have
been reports of sewage related pollution in the waters of that area.
The Town is currently moving to correct that problem.
2. Important Plans, Policies, and Ordinances of Other Agencies:
Manteo is located in an area where a large number of government
agencies have an interest. While most of them have only a limited
direct affect on the Town, all have some indirect affect. This section
describes in general terms, the important programs of other governmental
agencies in the Manteo area including the Roanoke Voyages Corridor
Commission, Dare County, the State of North Carolina and selected agen-
cies of the Federal Government.
a. Roanoke Voyages Corridor Commission.
The Corridor Commission was established by State Statute in June
1982 in order to "...effect and encourage restoration, preservation and
enhancement of the appearance and aesthetic quality of the U.S. Highway
64 and 264 travel corridor through Roanoke Island..."
The Commission has the authority to make rules governing:
1) Off premises signs within 660 feet of the Right of Way (ROW);
2) Landscaping of the ROW
3) Utilities within 50 feet of the ROW
4) Tree cutting associated with commercial development within 50
feet of the ROW.
5) The issuance of permits for off premises signs and for commer-
cial development adjacent to the ROW.
The Commission is authorized to enforce its rules but it is not a
state agency per se and receives no appropriation from the legislature.
II-23

The Commission has 20 local members appointed from Raleigh and several
local officials as ex-officio members.
The Commission adopted rules (standards) in April 1983 governing all
items within the scope of its authority. While there is regular
grumbling about the various requirements, particularly those relating to
vegetation removal, the major issues surrounding the Commission so far
involve electrical utilities.
The Commission, in at least one case, has ordered North Carolina
Power to place upgraded service lines underground. This is signifi-
cantly more expensive that traditional above ground service and the
Utility has refused to bear the cost itself and believes that N. C.
Public Utilities Commission Rules prohibit the added costs from going
into the rate base. The Corridor Commission disagrees and the issue is
scheduled for litigation in Dare County Superior Court.
A long term objective of the Commission is to remove overhead
wires from the corridor entirely. This will be expensive and attempts
are apparently being made to seek an equitable formula for financing
these improvements.
b. Dare County.
Dare County has several existing and proposed plans which can affect
the Town of Manteo, including the current Land Use Plan (1982), The
Hurricane Evacuation Plan, (1983), and the currently ongoing Carrying
Capacity Study.
1) The Dare County Land Use Plan was prepared under the
auspices of the Coastal Area Management Act and was adopted by the Dare
II-24

County Board of Commissioners in March 1982. The general philosophy of
the Plan with respect to Roanoke Island was:
a) In general - locate the dense development in and around the
existing.villages of Manteo and Wanchese.
b) Under the state's land classification scheme:
(1) Manteo was classified as "developed"
(2) The areas north and west of Manteo and a strip along
64/264 out to and including the Pirates Cove area were classified as
"transition"
(3) The extreme north end of Roanoke Island was classified
as "community"
(4) The central part of Roanoke Island, the marshland east
of Shallowbag Bay and areas in federal ownership were classified as
"conservation."
A review of the current zoning map of Dare County indicates that in
a general sense, the zoning complies with these classifications. Two
important points regarding Dare County land development policy near
Manteo are:
° The county has a water system in place which duplicates the
Town's in some areas. The areas served solely by the county lie pri-
marily west of Manteo along Sir Walter Raleigh Street, Burnside Road,
and Monday Dough Road (SR-1118). These areas are all within the tran-
sition class.
The County has so far been unwilling to grant Manteo extraterri-
torial jurisdiction. This was cited in the Manteo 1981 Plan as an
II-25

important need. The new administration has not formally approached the
County on this issue.
2) The Dare County Hurricane Evacuation Plan was first adopted
in 1977 and was revised in August of 1983. The Dare County Disaster
Relief and Assistance Plan (April 1984) provides additional analysis of
evacuation times, as does the Carrying Capacity Study discussed below.
The Hurricane Evacuation Plan provides for evacuation of beach area
residents and visitors and those in threatened low-lying areas upon
decision of the Control Group Chairman (Chairman, Dare County Board of
Commissioners). The analysis of evacuation in the Disaster Plan notes
that in a category 4 storm (eye passing over the county), Manteo would
also need to be evacuated.
The Disaster Plan estimates that 14 hours would be needed to evac-
uate 90,000 people from the Outer Banks assuming that 45% went north
across U.S. 158 and 55% went west across U.S. 64-264.
The Carrying Capacity Study estimates that 20-24 hours would be
needed for evacuation of the population at peak season (145,000 people).
It assumes that 70% of the population will leave via 158 while 30% will
leave via 64-264.
The main apparent difference between the two studies is that the
Disaster Plan assumes two lanes of traffic across the bridges while the
Carrying Capacity Study assumes one lane. The Hurricane Evacuation Plan
does not address this issue.
The Hurricane Evacuation Plan designates 13 shelters on Roanoke
Island (4 class A, 8 class B, 1 class C) with a potential capacity of
II-26

about 1480 people. Nine of these (1,066 people) are located in Manteo
proper.
As discussed in another part of this report, the major storm
damage threat in Manteo comes from flooding. There are no areas where
wave damage is predicted by the F.E.M.A. The experience with Gloria
seems to bear this out.
In conclusion, the residents and visitors in Manteo (estimated by
the carrying capacity study at a peak of 3500) comprise a very, very
small part of the total potential evacuation group. Adequate shelters
exist in the community for the permanent population and most visitors in
the community come only for the day and normally from the beach tourist
community.
The current evacuation and hurricane response plan deals adequately
with Manteo's situation (at least from a county perspective) and par-
ticularly considering the nature of the potential threat.
c. The Dare County Carrying Capacity Study was prepared for
the County by Booz, Allen, & Hamilton, Inc. The study evaluates the
capacities of all the major public service systems in the county and is
intended to provide the county optional development scenarios and policy
recommendations. The services analyzed include:
1) Development administration
2) Public water systems
3) Wastewater disposal (including septic tanks)
4) Solid waste collection and disposal
5) Transportation and hurricane evacuation
II-27

6) Emergency medical services
7) Public safety
8) Public education
9) Court system
10) Jail system
While the various services analyzed vary in their adequacy, the
report released in November 1985 draws the following conclusion:
"In general, Dare County and its constituent towns are responding to
service level demands which equal or exceed their present capacities
during the peak months. In some instances, service demands are
approaching finite carrying capacity limits. In a few cases, demand has
already exceeded capacity." (pg. 6)
The major inventory document cited above does not propose policy and
therefore it is not possible to evaluate it with respect to Manteo's
situation. Certain factors however are worthy of note.
The Town of Manteo is not currently constrained by its water
supply and, if the infiltration/inflow problem is addressed, should not
be constrained by its sewage disposal. The Town is otherwise tied in to
whatever limits the county is experiencing.
° The availability of the Manteo sewer system is not recognized by
the Carrying Capacity Study as an advantage and its sewage disposal
analysis concentrates on septic tanks. Forthcoming documents may treat
this differently.
° Projections and analyses for areas other than municipalities are
very general so it is not possible to break out conditions in what might
be considered the Manteo urban area.
II-28

The study, is a valuable asset to the County and others,.
particularly if they actually intend to begin managing the County's
growth.
c. State Programs
Manteo is affected by numerous state programs. Some which appear
important at this time include:
DDT's actions regarding Town streets on the State Highway System
and the relatively small amount of new highway construction projected
for the area in the 1985-1986 Transportation Improvement Program.
NRCD's decision to grant a discharge permit to the Roanoke
Properties Group allowing them to discharge sewage effluent into
Shallowbag Bay.
The general permitting authorities of the CRC and the EMC and
particularly new initiatives involving stormwater and marinas.
° The policies of the Department of Cultural Resources regarding
the Elizabeth II and the State Historic Site on Ice Plant Island.
° The policies and rulings of the Public Utilities Commission
regarding financing of underground utilities service in the 64-264
corridor.
d. Federal Programs
Important Federal programs include:
° The Federal dispute over the long term maintenance of the Oregon
Inlet channel.
° The lack of Federal funds to provide for the improvement and
maintenance of navigation channels around Roanoke Island
II-29

I
II
° The impact of military aircraft operations on the willingness of
commercial air carriers to serve the Manteo Airport.
° The policies of the National Park Service regarding campground
opening and operations at the Fort Raleigh N.H.S.
D. NATURAL RESOURCE FACTORS AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT
This section of the report discusses the physical conditions in the
planning area including, geology and soils, water --both quantity and
quality, flooding and important natural areas and communities.
1. Geology and Soils:
The geology of the Dare County Area is characteristic of the
Atlantic Coastal Plain; a wedge shaped mass of unconsolidated
sedimentary deposits consisting of flat layers of sand, gravel, silt and
clay overlaying the older, hard, crystaline rocks of the Precambrian
age. Although no site specific data has been colleted, the precambrian
rocks are estimated to lie approximately 10,000 feet below the land
surface.2
Exploratory soil borings have been done at various points around
Manteo and the results indicate that from the land surface down to about
85 feet below MSL there exists a sand and shell layer which contains the
unconfined aquifer from which the Town's previous wells derived their
water. Below this lies a clay layer about 40 to 60 feet thick and then
another sand layer. This is in turn underlain by more sand. This same
2Source: Conrad, Stephan G. and Stuckey, Jasper L., Expanatory Text
for Geologic Map of North Carolina, Raleigh, 1958, pg. 46.
II-30
It

00 an M M �
me ac i A
i 010 as
ON
w
rr so s
SCS
Map
Code Name of Soil
TABLE 4
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS
Town of Manteo and Vicinity, North Carolina
Very Severe Severe Moderate Slights Drainage
Limitations Limitations Limitations Limitations Characteris
33 Onslow Loamy Dwellings Moderately well
Sand Streets drained
Icaria Loamy Dwellings Very poorly
(32) Fine Sand Streets drained
Se tic Tanks
30 Baymea a Fine eptic an s Dwellings Well drained
Sand Streets
10
Psamnents
All uses
Very poorly
(17)
(Made Land)
drained
H 11
Hobonny Muck
Dwellings
Septic Tanks
Very poorly
Streets
drained
34
Leon Fine
Septic Tanks
Dwellings
Very poorly
(2)
Sand
Streets
drained
37
Belhaven
Dwellings
Ponds Very poorly
Muck
Streets
drained
Septic Tanks
38
Ponzer
Dwellings
Very poorly
Muck
Streets
drained
Septic Tanks
13
Ozner Fine
Dwellings
Poorly rained
Sand
Streets
Septic Tanks
Ous ey Fine
Dwellings
Moderately
Sand
Streets
well drained
Septic Tanks
Source:
Soil Survey
of Outer Banks, N.C. - U. S. D.A. SCS-1977
Soil Survey
of Roanoke Island and Mainland
Areas, Dare County, N.C.
- U.S.D.A. SCS (unpublished).

phenomenon is apparent from the results of drilling done by the North
Carolina DOT in preparation for the construction of the Dough's Creek
Bridge. Various grades of sand are shown to overlay a clay layer
beginning at around 50 feet below the land surface. There is nothing
about the deeper geology which will directly affect land development in
the Manteo Area although the protection of the two principal aquifers
from pollution should be a concern for future planning.
The soils of the planning area are shown on Figure 5 and described
on Table 4. The majority of the land within the Town limits is
underlain by a soil type known as Onslow loamy sand. This is a
moderately well drained soil which, while severely limited for septic
tank leach fields, is reasonably well suited for buildings and roads.
The seasonal high water table is within 1.5 to 3 feet of the surface.
As shown on Figure 3, a portion of the Town is underlain by Icaria loamy
fine sand. This very poorly drained soil is spotted across the entire
town but a large area of it lies on either side of Highway 64/264 near
the northern town limits. As reported in the drainage plan discussed
previously, this is an area of town with long standing drainage
problems. The seasonal high water table is at or near the surface and
the soil is classified by the SCS as severely limited for all urban
uses.
There are two areas of town underlain by Baymeade fine sand and this
soil also tends to predominate toward the northern end of Roanoke
Island. This well drained soil is well suited to urban development
although its high permeability makes it generally unsatisfactory for
II-33

septic tank filter fields. The soil generally occurs on the higher
areas. The northern area of downtown, the new high school area and
portions of the land underlying Harbortown and Baytree are composed of
Baymeade soils.
Several areas of Manteo are composed of dredge spoil, landfill or
"made land" known technically by the term Psamments. These are most
obviously located adjacent to the canals dredged inland from Shallowbag
Bay and on Ice Plant Island. These soils are considered by the SCS to
be severely limited for all urban uses, and because of their per-
meability, are especially unsuited for septic tank filter fields. This
is a partial explanation for the sewage disposal problems encountered at
the Shallowbag Bay campground.
The marsh areas surrounding Manteo are underlain by the so called
Hobonny muck. These soils consist of a very deep organic layer (50"+)
overlying sand. The soils are characterized by the presence of a Black
Needlerush marsh community.
Other soils in the vicinity of Manteo include Leon fine sand,
Belhaven muck, Ponzer muck, Ozier fine sand and Ousley fine sand. All
except the Ousley sand have drainage problems and all are severely
limited for urban uses.
As the SCS reports, the fact that a soil is severely limited for a
particular use does not mean that it cannot be used. It does mean that
careful planning and engineering and usually expensive construction is
needed to overcome the limitations. All of Manteo's soils except
possibly the Baymeade sands are limited in some way. Construction tech-
II-34

niques in town have adapted to accommodate the limitations. Future
development, utilities expansions and annexations should consider soil
types and their development potential.
2. Water
Waters in the planning area are of three types: groundwater, fresh
surface water and saltwater. This section discusses the characteristics
of each type.
a. Groundwater: Groundwater occurs beneath the planning area
in three distinct aquifers.3 These aquifers are composed of bedded
sands and shells with some silts and clays. They are separated by
layers of clay which tend generally to limit the movement of water bet-
ween the various layers.
The uppermost aquifer is known as the water -table or "unconfined"
aquifer. It extends from the ground surface to about 85 feet below MSL
under Manteo. It extends down to only around 30 feet below MSL at
Mann's Harbor to more than 100 feet below MSL at Kitty Hawk. This
aquifer is the source of water for many domestic and commercial wells in
the area and was the source for Manteo's three municipal water supply
wells until they were closed in 1979. Manteo's wells would pump up to
75 gpm and while the water was slightly high in hardness, its quality
was generally good. This aquifer is recharged directly from the land
surface and therefore the quality, particularly close to the surface,
will reflect the quality of the recharge water. The surface of this
3Groundwater information has been taken from: Potential Ground -water
Supplies for Roanoke Island and The Dare County Beaches, North Carolina.
Report of Investigation No. 9 - G. W. Division - N. C. D.N.E.R. -
Raleigh, 1972.
II-35

water table aquifer lies close to the land surface under much of Manteo
and tends to rise and fall significantly in response to heavy rain or
flooding.
The second aquifer begins at about 140 feet below MSL at the north
end of Roanoke Island and climbs to within about 110 feet below MSL near
Wanchese. This aquifer is about 80 to 90 feet thick below Manteo. It
is the primary source for the groundwater withdrawn by the Dare County
Regional Water System. Its quality is generally good beneath Roanoke
Island although some wells on the beaches have indicated very high
chloride concentrations. This aquifer appears to be recharged from
areas on the mainland and on Roanoke Island. The heavy pumping by the
county water system is alleged to have significantly lowered the water
level in this aquifer at the southern part of the island but data to
support this contention has not been reviewed.
The third and deepest aquifer begins about 300 feet below MSL and is
about 100 feet thick. Available data indicates that yields from this
aquifer are somewhat lower than from the other aquifers and the quality
is not as good. This aquifer is not currently used as a source of
supply.
b. Fresh Surface Water. There are relatively few sources of
fresh surface water in the area and those that do exist tend to appear
and disappear coincident with rainy periods when the water table rises
and when stormwater flows through the various drainage ways. Dough's
Creek and Scarboro Creek both drain into Shallowbag Bay and these are
more or less fresh depending on the groundwater table and the wind tides
forced into the Bay.
II-36

Ll
I
C. Salt Water. Roanoke Island is surrounded by the waters of
Roanoke Sound and Croatan Sound and these waters form part of the vast
estuarine area along the North Carolina Coast. Shallowbag Bay is an
important part of this estuarine system. The historic economy of Manteo
was tied directly to these Bays and Sounds through fishing and the pre-
sent economy is still heavily influenced by the water through
recreational fishing and tourism.
The water quality of the Bay and Sound waters appear to meet current
bacteriologic water quality standards based on samples collected by the
N. C. Division of Health Services, Shellfish Sanitation Program. These
samples are taken at three points in Shallowbag Bay, and all seem to
indicate that bacteriologic quality, though variable, is currently good.
Previous water quality problems were thought to have been caused by
solids periodicly discharged from Manteo's sewage treatment plant, which
apparently caused a blanket of sludge to form on the bottom of the Bay.
The dredging which was done in 1984 apparently removed much of the
sludge and the plant's recent record of satisfactory performance has
prevented the problem from reoccurring.
Both Shallowbag Bay and the Sound are classified as "SC" waters
indicating that the waters are protected for fishing, secondary
recreation, and any other usage except primary recreation or
shellfishing for market purposes. This means that the waters in
Shallowbag Bay are not currently protected for swimming. In order to
protect for swimming an "SB" designation is required and this would mean
different management requirements would be imposed on the sewage treat-
ment plants discharging or planned to discharge to the Bay.
II-37
I,

II
In summary, water of all types is abundant in the Manteo area and
the need to protect its quality has not yet caused significant problems
for the Town. In the future however, the need to protect the
'
groundwater, fresh surface water and waters of the Bay and Sounds from
pollution will become more critical as the Town seeks to develop these
resources for immediate use (a beach on Iceplant Island) or to preserve
them for future use (the groundwater below the Town).
3. Flood Hazards:
Because of its location and low elevation, Manteo has been subject
to periodic flooding. This is primarily nuisance flooding caused by a
In from
combination of high tides and northwest winds. general, winds
the West lead to high water conditions, while winds from the East lead
to low water. The Town has worked aggressively with the National Flood
Insurance Administration to develop an accurate definition of the
flooding problem and in December 1985 a final Flood Insurance Rate Map
and Flood Insurance Study for the Town was published. The following
'
discussion is drawn generally from that study.
"North Carolina experiences hurricanes, tropical storms, and extra -
tropical cyclones usually referred to as northeasters. Unlike a hurri-
cane, which may pass over a coastal location in a fraction of a day, a
'
northeaster may blow from the same direction and over long distances for
several days... The contribution from northeasters to the overall storm
'
surge elevation in the Manteo area (however) was found to be insignifi-
cant compared to hurricanes..."4
4Flood Insurance Study, Town of Manteo, N.C. Federal Emergency
Management Agency, Dec. p.g 4.
II-38
It

H
H
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TOWN OF
a .
MANTEO
DARE COUNTY N.C.
TOPOGRAPHY
NOT SUBJECT
s
TO FLOODING
e - svw Pcw
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The flooding problem in Manteo is manifested by a gradual rise in
the water level which slowly innundates the Town. There are no areas
(i.e. "V zones") where wave actions is considered to be a problem.
While the maximum historical flooding documented by Town officials
is only 7.5 feet, modeling of the 100 year flood elevations by the
Federal contractor indicated that waters would rise to about 9 feet
above mean sea level. As shown on Figure 6, this will produce inun-
dation of most of the Town. Those areas lying generally east of 64,
west of Essex Street, north of Devon Street and south of Barlowe Street
would generally remain above the 100 year flood elevation.
This level of flooding has a one percent chance of happening in any
given year. Floods of greater severity could also occur. The "500
year" flood would describe a water level of about 10.8 feet and this
would result in a compression of the "dry" area.
There are two important factors which need attention. First, Town
officials are convinced, based on their knowledge of previous flooding
that the current 100 year flood protection level (Circa 9 ft.) is at
least a foot too high. They are preparing surveys and documentation to
demonstrate to FEMA that the current elevations are too high. Secondly,
a comparison of the Flood Insurance Map with previous contour maps pre-
pared for the Town, indicate that significant differences exist in the
elevations and in the location of flood free lands in the Town. This
plan recommends a survey to establish correct elevations for the Town.
II-40

4. Areas of Environmental Concern:
Manteo's roots go deep into the natural environment. Its origins as
a fishing and boat building center bespeak its historic dependence on
the sea. '
The important natural areas in the Town all lay on its edge and are
all related to the creeks, the marsh and the Bay. The Town itself is
almost totally built up and does not contain any important terrestial
natural areas within its boundaries. The following general inventory is
keyed to those types of natural areas considered as Areas of
Environmental Concern (AECs) as defined in the Coastal Area Management_
Act. Their location is shown on Figure 7.1 The following discussion is
lifted directly from the Town's 1980 Land Use Plan, and still applies.
"The Manteo area contains the following components of the estuarine
system: estuarine waters, coastal wetlands, public trust areas, and
estuarine shorelines.
a. Estuarine Waters
Description: Estuarine waters are defined in G.S. 113A-113(b) (2)
as "all the water in the Atlantic Ocean within the boundary of North
Carolina and all the waters of the bays, sounds, rivers, and tributaries
thereto seaward of the dividing line between coastal fishing waters and
inland fishing waters, as set forth in an agreement adopted by the
Wildlife Resources Commission and the Department of Natural Resources
1Figure 7 is an approximate location only; onsite inspection is
required to adequately locate AECs.
II-41 & II-42

and Community Development filed with the Secretary of State, entitled
'Boundary Lines, North Carolina Commercial Fishing --Inland Fishing
Waters,' Revised to March 1, 1965." In the Town of Manteo, this
includes Shallowbag Bay and Dough's Creek.
Significance: Estuarine waters are the dominant component and
bonding element of the entire estuarine system, integrating aquatic
influences from both the land and the sea. Estuaries are among the most
productive natural environments of North Carolina. They support the
valuable commercial and sports fisheries of the coastal area which are
comprised of estuarine dependent species such as menhaden, flounder,
shrimp, crabs, and oysters. These species must spend all or some part
of their life cycle within the estuarine waters to mature and reproduce.
Of the ten leading species in the commercial catch, all but one are
dependent on the estuary. Commercial and sports fisheries of singular
importance to Dare County are dependent upon the protection and
sustained quality of the estuarine areas.
b. Coastal Wetlands
Description: Coastal wetlands are defined as any salt marsh or
other marsh subject to regular or occasional flooding by tides,
including wind tides (whether or not the tide waters reach the marshland
areas through natural or artificial watercourses), provided this shall
not include hurricanes or tropical storm tides. Significant marshlands
exist on the east side of Dough's Creek and in large areas edging the
northeast and southeast boundaries of Shallowbag Bay. There is the
notable exception of approximately 20 acres surrounding the Elizabeth II
II-44

historic site; near the old Ice Plant site; this area is higher land
with pine woods and an open, sandy field. A small, but significant
pocket of marshland exists directly southeast of the Agona-Fernando
Street intersection. The marshlands are composed mainly of Juncus
roemerianus (black needlerush) and Typha spp. (cat -tail).
Significance: The expanse of wetlands bordering the south side of
Shallowbag Bay is the northern portion of what is considered perhaps the
finest Juncus roemerianus (black needlerush) dominated marshes remaining
in the state.
A recent survey taken just south of Highway 64 by the North
Carolina Natural Heritage Program (Department of Natural Resources and
Community Development), probably applies to the portion bordering
Shallowbag Bay. Nearly pure stands of Juncus roemerianus/Eleocaris
obtusa cover about 70% of the marsh area. Other communities present
are: Eleocharis parvula/Lilaeopsis chinesis in submerged areas,
Spartina patens windrows, Pluchea purpurascens/Scirpus supp. on the
marsh edge, and the transitional community, Spartina
cynosuroides/Scirpus robustus. Loblolly pine/cedar covered hummocks or
"Islands" intersperse the marsh.
The Roanoke Island marshlands provide an important resting area for
migrating animals and birds going between the mainland and the outer
banks. The wetlands lying south of Shallowbag Bay provide important
nesting, wintering, and/or feeding grounds for Black Rails, Barn Owls,
Least Bittern, Marsh Wren and Clapper Rails.
II-45

C. Public Trust Areas
Description: Public trust areas are defined as ocean and estuarine
waters plus coastal streams, tributaries and lakes in which the public
may have rights of navigation, access or other public trust rights, i.e.
all surface waters. In Manteo these include Dough's Creek and
Shallowbag Bay.
Significance: The public has rights to these areas, including navi-
gation and recreation. In addition, these areas support valuable com-
mercial and sports fisheries, have aesthetic value, and are important
resources for economic development.
d. Estuarine Shorelines
Description: Estuarine shorelines are all shorelines abutting
estuarine waters inland 75 feet from high water. These are especially
vulnerable to erosion, flooding or other adverse effects of wind and
water and are intimately connected to the estuary. Because of its loca-
tion on Shallowbag Bay, Manteo's future land development needs to be
compatible with both the dynamic nature of estuarine shorelines and the
values of the estuarine system.
Significance: Development within estuarine shorelines influences
the quality of estuarine life and is subject to the damaging processes
of short front erosion and flooding.
5. Important Cultural and Historic Areas
Manteo was settled in 1865 and incorporated in 1899.
Settlement in the immediate area however extends back well before the
colonization of North Carolina. When the first English settlers arrived
II-46

on Roanoke Island (circa 1584) they found established Indian communities
already in place.
Remnants of very old settlements are very scarce and only a few
structures dating to pre civil war days exist on Roanoke Island.
Within the Town of Manteo, the following sites and structures
are considered by the State to be important. The numeric code given
each site relates to the locations shown on Figure 7 (pg. II-43).
a. Elizabeth II State Historic Site. The focus of this site
is a re-creation of the ship which brought the first settlers to Roanoke
Island in 1584. This re-creation was constructed in Manteo at the site
of the old Creef-Davis boat yard. The Historic Site has a visitor
center with museum displays, and the area is open to the public (Site 1).
b. Dare County Courthouse. W. side Queen Elizabeth at
Budleigh Street, Manteo. Early twentieth century. Two-story hip roof
brick structure, three bays wide by five deep, with a two-tier pedi-
mented porch supported by massive paneled pillars. Wide semi -pilasters,
corbeled at the bottoms, suspend from the boxed eaves, divided the end
bays. Windows of the first story have segmental -arched heads; those of
the second story are semi -circular. Some recent alterations. Determined
eligible for listing in National Register - (Site 2).
C. Ben Creef House (also known as George Washington Creef
House). 304 Budleigh Street, Manteo. Late nineteenth century. A two-
story T-plan board and batten house with ornamented shed porch, intri-
cate shingle and spindle work in gable. Private. Listed on the
National Register (Site 3).
II-47

d. Theodore Meekins House. 319 Sir Walter Raleigh Street,
Manteo. Late nineteenth -early twentieth century. Handsome Queen Anne
style house, complex form with shingled gables, rounded corner tower
with conical roof. Wraparound porch. Probably the most ambitious resi-
dence on Roanoke Island. Private. Listed on the National Register
(Site 4).
e. John Evans House. 210 Sir Walter Raleigh Street, Manteo.
Late nineteenth century. Two-story gable roof frame house, three bays
wide by three deep, hip roof porch on chamfered posts. Typical
Victorian interior finish. Shingled roof outbuilding. Private
(Site 5).
f. Mt. Olive United Methodist Church. 302 Ananias Dare
Street, Manteo. Early twentieth century. An unusual frame church with
detached octagonal entrance towers of unequal height flanking the
shingled gable front, pointed arch door and window openings. Private.
(Site 6)
There are other important structures in the area around Manteo
including the so called "Dough" house which is believed to be about the
oldest structure on Roanoke Island. Also present in the area are old
cemeteries, and battlefield sites.
E. COMMUNITY FACILITIES
Manteo is a built-up urban area with an overall population density
(excluding Iceplant Island and the Manteo High School) of about 2,600
people per square mile. The Town is currently served by a municipally
owned water and sewer system, County schools, and a State and Town main-
II-48

tained street network. Other important public facilities include fire
protection (Roanoke Island Fire District), police (town police), telephone
(Carolina Telephone), electricity (N. C. Power), storm drainage system
(private, city and state), docks and boat launch facilities (town, pri-
vate, city and state), and medical services (County Emergency Response,
(including Heliovac) and private emergency clinic). Most of these faci-
lities, excluding of course the water, sewer and storm drainage systems,
the police, and certain park and recreation sites) are completely beyond
the Town's control. The Town does not control the actions of the
electrical, telephone and cable TV utilities but it has specified the
conditions under which new overhead wires can be run within the Town.
County level facilities and services such as fire, emergency response
and schools are (within certain limits) responsive to the Town's
desires. The main emphasis of the Town's management however, and there-
fore the focus of this section, are the water, sewer, and storm drain
systems, and the parking facilities.
Dare County has recently completed a Carrying Capacity Study of all
the public facilities in the county and the reader is referred to that
for additional information on other facilities and services. It is
available for review at the Dare County Offices.
1. Water System
Manteo receives all its potable water from the Dare County Regional
Water System under the provisions of a contract originally signed in
1977. The Town's own facilities, three wells and a 200,000+ gpd
Treatment Plant were closed in 1979 and have not been maintained since
that time.
II-49

s M w M M M M M M ■i M M M s M M M w M
TABLE 5
COMPARISON OF AVERAGE DAILY FLOWS BY MONTH
1974 and 1975 to 1984 and 1985
Town of Manteo Water System
DAILY AVR1
DAILY AVR2
DAILY AVR1
DAILY AVR2
CONSUMPTION
CONSUMPTION % INCREASE
CONSUMPTION
CONSUMPTION % INCREASE % CHANGE
1974 (gpd)
1984 (gpd) 74 - 84
1975 (gpd)
1985 (gpd) 75 - 85 84 - 85
JANUARY
88,840
97,710
09
80,840
123,740
53
26
FEBRUARY
90,000
111,650
24
79,210
111,750
41
<01
MARCH
96,160
105,160
09
87,480
130,290
48
23
APRIL
103,000
106,830
03
89,200
142,130
59
33
MAY
114,930
142,230
23
107,030
163,060
52
14
JUNE
130,030
159,200
22
111,930
146,070
30
(08)
JULY
137,640
175,550
27
124,100
207,000
66
17
AUGUST
128,810
170,320
32
123,710
130,130
05
(23)
SEPTEMBER
112,000
115,070
02
110,530
136,370
23
18
OCTOBER
101,580
127,930
25
99,870
142,100
42
11
NOVEMBER
102,370
133,330
30
91,430
136,770
49
02
DECEMBER
92,220
119,290
29
97,800
108,550
10
(09)
ANNUAL TOTAL
39,446,400
47,755,000
21
36,575,150
51,117,000
39
07
DAILY AVR
108,072
130,836
21
100,206
140,047
39
07
Sources: 1. Water & Sewer Feasibility Study, Town of Manteo, Andrews, Miller & Associates, Jan. 1976.
2. Town of Manteo Records.

The water purchased from the County is pumped from the County treat-
ment and storage facility near Midway through a 12" water main to the
Town's 75,000 gal. elevated storage tank at the old water plant site on
Fernando Street (Figure 8). The County's supply is limited by the
pumping capacity of its wells to 5.5 MGD and Manteo is allocated 400,000
gpd of this amount.
Table 5 shows the amounts of water purchased by Manteo from the
County during calendar years 1984 and 1985 and compares these amounts to
what was used in 1974 and 1975. Certain things are apparent from these
data.
° Water use in Manteo is seasonal. Average daily water purchases
in July 1985 (207,000 gpd) are roughly twice the purchases in February
1985 (112,000). There is a clear increase in summer water use in both
1984 and 1985.
° Metered monthly water purchases fluctuate significantly. The
variance between water use in July 1985 and August 1985 (59%) and
between August 1984 and September 1984 (48%) appears too great to simply
represent a slack off in demand. Several things could be occurring
which would accentuate the impact of a change in use, including: errors
in the meters, errors in the meter reading and change in meter reading
date. These factors should be investigated. It is interesting to note
that if July and August 1985 are averaged, the result is around 168,500
gal. per day. This is a more realistic figure for both months, espe-
cially when compared to the use in 1984.
° Water purchased increased significantly between 1984 and 1985.
The average amount purchased in 1985 was up by about 10,000 gal per day
II-52

m= M = = = = m A== m m= m r
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TOWN OF
MANTEO
DARE COUNTY N.C.
WATER SYSTEM
Line Sizes
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from 1984. Assuming an average use rate of 130 gal per person per day,
this increase would be sufficient to supply about 70 additional people.
The permanent population did not increase by that much so the increase
is believed attributable --at least in part --to new commercial/industrial
demands.
° Water purchases are significantly less than the contractual
limit. Manteo is limited to a maximum demand on the county system of
400,000 gpd. Current peak demand is believed to be about 180,000 gpd--
derived by adjusting the 1985 peak downward to more accurately reflect
the trend lines. Even assuming a peak demand of 207,000 gpd, Manteo has
ample water available. Projections of future demand are contained in a
following section.
The major problem faced by Manteo with respect to its water system
appears to be in the distribution system. There are no records of
exactly when most of the water lines in the older part of the system
were installed but the report cited previously (Andrews, Miller &
Associates, 1976) states on page 3.6 that the system is (or was at that
time) over 30 years old.
The Town's utility staff feels that while the system is in reason-
ably good condition and, not leaking significantly, there are some
questions about sizes of lines and low flows in certain areas.
Additionally, maintenance on the lines is an almost constant operation
and there appears to be a general consensus that long term planning to
replace the distribution system in the downtown area ought to begin.
Figure 10 shows the existing water distribution system as far as it
is known.
II-54

I
2. Manteo's Sewage System
The Town of Manteo contains the only community wide central sewage
collection and treatment facility in Dare County. At this point (Jul.
1986) sewage is collected and treated at either the Town's 250,000 gpd
discharging treatment plant (Plant 1), or at the recently (May 86)
opened 125,000 gpd plant located west of Hwy 64-264 on Bowser Town Road.
This plant discharges to a rotary distributor, land disposal system.
On an average flow basis the old treatment plant was operating
within its capacity and based upon the monitoring done by the Town's
operators, the plant was and is treating the wastewater to a high degree
and discharging effluent well above the treatment requirements of the
current discharge permit. Problems did exist on a peak flow basis
however and the monitoring data indicate that the plant was occasionally
overloaded. The new plant has eliminated this problem.
A detailed study of the Town's sewerage system was undertaken by an
engineering consultant in 1975. At that time the entire sewered area of
the Town was east of 64-264 between John Borden Street and Fernando
Street. The system flowed by gravity from 64-264 to a pumping station
at Queen Elizabeth Avenue. All of the system was 8" clay pipe except
for Queen Elizabeth Avenue where 10" pipe was used. The current sewer
lines in the downtown area have been in place since approximately 1930.
As a result of the study cited above and to serve the areas annexed
by the Town in 1979, new sewer lines and pumping facilities were
installed. These serve the areas along 64-264 and west of the highway.
II-55

r r r ■r �r r� it r r r r r r� rr r r r �■ �
H
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I
lr
CP
rRYUKE 9
TOWN OF
MANTEO
DARE COUNTY N.C.
SEWER SYSTEM
SNM Mir
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II
These areas are sewered with pipe of varying sizes and 3 pumping sta-
tions lift the sewerage into the existing gravity flow system. Figure
' 9 shows the features of Manteo's existing sewerage collection, treat-
ment and disposal system.
Since the new plant has become operative, flows are being pumped to
it from some parts of the system. The Town plans to eventually treat
all sewage by a land disposal process and to remove all discharges from
the Bay.
The average daily metered flows to the sewerage treatment plant for
the year 1985 are shown on Table 6 and Figure 10 and are compared to the
reported average daily water use during the same period. Several
conclusions can be drawn from this information.
° Sewerage generation generally follows the same trend noted for
water consumption in the previous section. It tends to rise in the
summer and go down in the winter.
This trend however is nearly obscured by the violent fluctuations
in flows observable in February, August, and November. These fluc-
tuations are believed attributable to infiltration into the sewer system
caused by rain and surface flooding. In November, for example, sewage
flows averaged 209,000 gpd while water use averaged 133,970 gpd, a 56%
difference. During that time, heavy rains struck the area and the
majority of the sewer system was under water.
As part of the 1975 study a detailed infiltration/inflow (I/I) study
was done and at that time I/I was estimated to amount to an average of
II-57

m m m m m m m m m m m m= m gar " r ■.■ m
TABLE 6
WATER CONSUMPTION AND SEWAGE GENERATION
By Month - 1985
Town of Manteo, North Carolina
Water Cons.
Average
Average
Total Water
Ice Plant
Excluding
Water Use
Sewage
Difference
Difference
Cons um 'tion
Water Usage
Ice Plant
(gpd)
(gpd)
(gpd)
%
gal
-(gait
gg-gaTT
JANUARY
3,836,000
52,000
3,784,000
122,060
82,000
40,060
(32)
FEBRUARY
3,129,000
90,000
3,039,000
108,540
156,000
47,460
43
MARCH
4,039,000
142,000
3,897,000
125,710
121,000
4,710
(03),
APRIL
4,264,000
313,000
3,951,000
131,700
114,000
17,700
(13)
MAY
5,055,000
324,000
4,731,000
152,610
126,000
26,610
(17)
JUNE
4,382,000
359,000
4,023,000
134,100
138,000
3,900
02
JULY
6,417,000
424,000
5,993,000
193,320
189,000
4,320
(02)
Go AUGUST
4,034,000
556,000
3,478,000
112,190
204,000
91,810
81
SEPTEMBER
4,091,000
212,000
3,879,000
129,300
141,000
11,700
09
OCTOBER
4,404,000
179,000
4,225,000
136,290
129,000
7,290
(05)
NOVE14BER
4,103,000
84,000
4,019,000
133,970
209,000
75,030
56
DECEMBER
3,365,000
37,000
3,328,000
107,350
131,000
23,650
22
TOTAL 85
51,117,000
2,722,000
48,345,000
132,260
145,000
12,740
09
Source: Town
of Manteo Records

m m w r so so r s w m m m" s r so on m m
E&1it
120-
110-
100-
90-
Rj
FIGURE 10
COMPARISON OF AVERAGE DAILY WATER PURCHASED AND SEWAGE GENERATED
IN GALLONS PER DAY
1985
Manteo, North Carolina
Y ,1
MONTHS
Source: Town Records

84,000 gpd. Despite these apparently high flows, the study, using EPA
guidelines, found that it was more cost effective to continue to
transport and treat these flows than it would have been to rehabilitate
the sewer system. Since that time the Town has undertaken some repairs
of the system, particularly in and around manholes and this has served
to eliminate many of the most obvious leaks. It is hard to imagine
however, any upgrade that could eliminate I/I from events such as storm
related flooding. Based on the flow data, I/I is considered to still be
a significant problem for the Manteo sewerage system.
3. Storm Drainage System:
Manteo's storm drainage system is a combination of drainage ditches
and underground drainage lines which move storm water with varying
degrees of success to either Dough's Creek/Shallowbag Bay or to Croatan
Sound. Highway 64/264 is the approximate divide between the two major
drainage basins.
A stormwater management plan was prepared for the Town in 1982.
This plan described the existing system and made recommendations for
procedures and technical actions which the Town could take to improve
the storm drainage system.
Stormwater management is important in the Manteo area for two
reasons. First, the Town is very low, and slopes are flat. Heavy
rains, which are not infrequent, tend to drain slowly and this creates
hazards and inconveniences for everyone. Second, most of the storm
water drains directly into either Dough's Creek or Shallowbag Bay and
this can create significant water quality problems.
II-60

The Stormwater Management Plan concentrates on a description and a
definition of solutions to the first problem. In general, these solu-
tions are directed towards improving drainage and increasing the rate at
which water can drain off into the Creek, the Bay, and the Sound. While
onsite retention and infiltration are mentioned as possible solutions,
the report does not address them in any practical way. It does however,
identify and discuss the characteristics of the various soils within the
Town and as shown on Table 1 and Figure 3 of this report, the Town is
dappled with soils which have poor drainage characteristics.
Unfortunately, improving and increasing the stormwater runoff to the
Creek and the Bay serves to exacerbate the second problem. No data has
been found which describes the quality of Manteo's stormwater.
4. Streets and Parking
Manteo is an old and densely settled community and its basic
site plan --particularly of the downtown area, was set before there were
the number of automobiles there are today. Furthermore, the Town's
emphasis on tourism creates traffic and parking demands which are dif-
ferent than those which existed before. Circulation and parking there-
fore are issues which need attention particularly as the Town pursues
its emphasis on tourism.
The traffic and parking needs of the downtown Manteo area were
extensively studied in 1980 by the North Carolina Department of
Transportation. Their report entitled Manteo Traffic Operations and
II-61

U
Parking Study 1981 is an unusually complete and helpful document. Town
officials should carefully review it and should implement as necessary,
-the recommendations therein.
contained The report's discussion of
Istreets
and circulation is still quite valid and, therefore, instead of
repeating that here, the reader is referred to that report.
The parking situation has changed somewhat since the report was
written although most of the technical detail and recommendations are
still valid. The Town's decision to undertake active re -development of
the entire waterfront resulted in the elimination of some public parking
spaces which the report addressed and, before it is complete, will
result in the elimination of some more.
An inventory of parking spaces in the downtown area was per-
formed and the results are as follows. This discussion covers the Area
E of Uppowoc between Annanias Dare Street and Fernando Street out to and
including Iceplant Island.
a. On -Street Parking: There are approximately 256 spaces
available for on -street parking in the area concerned. In general, the
spaces east of Lord Essex Avenue are usually full and those west of Lord
Essex are frequently empty. It is reported that downtown employees cap-
ture these spaces early in the morning and park in them all day. Aside
from the spaces in front of Town Hall, there is no signage limiting
parking times. Some of the spaces (Queen Elizabeth Avenue for example)
are unmarked.
b. Off -Street Parking: There are currently about 375 off-
street parking spaces in downtown Manteo of which about 60 are
II-62

r
I
I
I
"developed" public parking. More than 80 of these (none developed
"public") lay west of Lord Essex Avenue and in the area east of Lord
Essex, 80 of the available spaces are used informally. At least 40 of
these will disappear when construction starts on the lot across.from
the post office. This is the most popular parking area in Manteo and
its loss will complicate the downtown parking problem considerably.
The County maintains a large lot adjacent to the County Office
Building (about 50 spaces) but these are quickly filled and many of them
are reserved. The "waterfront" development has about 50 spaces under-
neath and 16 of these are dedicated for public use. The structure con-
tains 34 residential condominiums and 14 office/retail spaces, however,
and clearly when these are full, additional parking will be required for
residents, guests, employees, and customers.
There are some vacant lots in the downtown area which could be
improved for parking.
C. Parking at Iceplant Island: There are 174 regular spaces
and 16 pull through spaces at the State Historic Site on Iceplant
Island. The State has indicated its willingness, at least in the short
run, to allow use of these spaces by downtown visitors and employees.
Very little of this use presently occurs and it is felt that the
distance (about 200 yards from the courthouse) is perceived as simply
being too far.
II-63

5. Schools
The following information is taken directly from the Report: Dare
County Carrying Capacity Study, Nov. 29, 1985 prepared for the County's
Carrying Capacity Commission by Booz, Allen & Hamilton, Inc. This
report looks at the current capacities of a wide range of county and
municipal facilities in Dare County, including the school system.
"Public Education in Dare County is a countywide function under the
direction of a five person, elected Board of Education and administered
by an appointed superintendent. Five school facilities provide educa-
tional programs for grades kindergarten through twelve as well as
several special education programs. The five schools are:
Grades Capacity
Kitty Hawk Elementary K-5 440
Manteo Elementary K-5 638
Manteo Middle 6-8 440
Manteo High 9-12 616
Cape Hatteras K-12 725
Manteo High School and Manteo Middle School are operating above
their rated capacity. Manteo Elementary School is operating below capa-
city. (All above is from page 66 of the Carrying Capacity Report).
None of the schools listed above serve only Manteo residents. All
are to one degree or another impacted by the explosive growth taking
place principally on the Beach areas of Dare County.
The County Board of Education is currently embarked on a program to
address the overcrowding in the area's school system.
II-64

III. FUTURE CONDITIONS
The purpose of this section is to project future conditions in the
planning area and to define the type and capacities of the public faci-
lities needed to support the projected growth. Population projections
form the basis of any analysis of future conditions, and since the
future population will vary based upon many factors, this report pre-
sents a projection based upon several specific assumptions. It must be
understood that the actual population or economic conditions which exist
in 1995 may be quite different.
Population projections are by necessity only educated guesses. As
explained in the next section, many variables will combine and interact
to determine the future population of Roanoke Island and the Island's
population will be a significant determinant in the future population of
the Manteo area. The projection process is especially difficult in this
situation because of three factors.
° The growth of Roanoke Island in the future will bear no rela-
tionship to what happened between 1970 and 1980. Completely different
forces will be at work. That means that no trendlines can be used to
make judgements.
° Since Manteo is so fully developed, significant future growth
will depend either on the redevelopment of currently subdivided (but
undeveloped) land, or upon annexation of adjacent county areas. Both of
these policies are complex and fraught with uncertainty.
° Existing information on population outside the Town's limits is
general and it is therefore difficult to estimate the current and future
population in nearby areas.

Despite these difficulties, projections have been made. They are
certainly subject to discussion and amendment. Hopefully, by keeping
the assumptions clearly defined, the development of alternative projec-
tions, should others care to undertake them, will be made easier.
A. PROJECTIONS OF FUTURE GROWTH
1. Factors Affecting Future Population Growth:
Population and economic growth in and around Manteo will be a func-
tion of overall growth on Roanoke Island and this will be a function in
large part of what happens in the County as a whole.
a. Growth of Dare County:
Dare County's growth is tied to several factors but principally to
its continued appeal as a vacation, second home, and retirement destina-
tion. Specific factors which will likely affect the county's growth
include:
1) the continued population growth and economic prosperity of the
Norfolk, Va. metropolitan area and generally of the northern metropoli-
tan areas from which come most county visitors, retirees, and second
home owners;
2) the continued population growth and economic prosperity of
northeastern North Carolina. This is much less important a factor than
the one cited previously since only a small percentage (less than 20%)
of the county's visitors, homebuyers, and retirees come from North
Carolina;
3) the continued appeal of the county as a destination for
retirees;
III-2

4) the ability and willingness of the county and its municipalities
to provide urban services and to preserve the natural amenities and
quality of life which is attracting new residents and visitors;
5) the continued availability of a variety of affordable land and
housing.
The county's growth could also be affected by non -tourist related
factors and some of these include:
6) the stabilization of Oregon Inlet. This, if accomplished, could
lead to increased fishing related activity and boat building. Some
increase in tourist related offshore fishing could also occur; and,
7) an increase in industrial development on the mainland including
mining, power generation, boat repair, and farming.
The stabilization of the inlet and any potential mainland develop-
ment will have some growth inducing effects, particularly on Roanoke
Island, but these will probably not compare to the impact of the con-
tinued growth of the tourist industry.
b. Growth on Roanoke Island:
Growth on Roanoke Island will be tied primarily to tourist related
growth in the county as a whole. Whereas the county's growth from 1970
to 1980 occurred almost exclusively on the beaches and bypassed Roanoke
Island, there are indications that future growth will include Roanoke
Island. The following factors will likely be important:
1) because of the rapidly increasing cost of land and housing on
the beaches, Roanoke Island may become an area where many of the
county's service employees live;
III-3

2) Because of the generally protected nature of Roanoke Island,
there may be an increasing tendency to view it as a site for more of the
county's major commercial development. The attitude of flood and hazard
insurance carriers will be important in this respect;
3) at the northern end of Roanoke Island there are several large
parcels of undeveloped land which have been mentioned as the possible
site of one or more large resort type developments;
4) Roanoke Island offers a distinct contrast to the beach areas of
the County; it is green, shaded and generally quiet. These factors
will serve to make it increasingly popular as a location for more per-
manent and stable development;
5) there appears to be a movement toward making Roanoke Island the
historical and cultural center of northeastern North Carolina. As this
movement progresses, it could have a slow but steady impact on the
island's growth; and;
6) if Oregon Inlet is stablized the associated growth at Wanchese
will increase growth pressures throughout Roanoke Island.
C. Factors Affecting Growth of Manteo
If the County continues to grow, the associated growth on Roanoke
Island will increase growth pressures within and adjacent to the
existing boundaries of Manteo. Whether the town captures some of this
growth will depend on its own actions.
Some significant amount of the growth pressure will be for commer-
cial development. Most of this will generally seek frontage on Highway
64/264. A market may slowly develop for downtown commercial development
III-4

but this will require careful cultivation by the Town and the business
community.
An increasing amount of demand will occur for residential develop-
ment, particularly among low and moderate income people, many of them
young. Because of land cost, this development will necessarily be
either multi -family or densely packed mobile homes and will therefore
almost certainly demand water, sewer and other urban services. Manteo
has those services available. The growth of Manteo therefore will
depend upon the following general factors:
1) the growth of the County as a whole and specifically of Roanoke
Island.
2) within the current town limits, the policies of the Town rela-
tive to the development of currently vacant land and the redevelopment
of currently subdivided but vacant or underutilized land;
3) the willingness of the Town to keep pushing for attractive
tourist oriented commercial development in the downtown area and its
commitment to make the necessary investments in support services, par-
ticularly parking;
4) the attitude of the Town relative to annexation;
5) the willingness of the County to limit highway commercial
development to the already developed area; and,
6) the willingness of the County to strictly enforce the current
septic tank ordinances.
In a general sense, Manteo stands at a crossroads. It is the only
true urban community in Dare County and it is located in an area where
III-5

growth pressures should increase significantly over the next decade. It
has the urban services in place and it is an interesting and appealing
community, but it has very little vacant land. To benefit from the
forthcoming growth, the community must develop a generally shared vision
of what it wants, must devise a general strategy for getting it and then
must be aggressive in implementing the strategy. A failure to do these
things will mean that the Town will always be reacting to things and
never in control of its own destiny.
2. Projection of Population Growth
As mentioned above, because of rapidly changing conditions and the
lack of a good data base, projections of population for the area in and
around Manteo are not easy to make. This report will attempt to bypass
these problems by projecting future population within certain ranges and
by being specific in the assumptions being made.
a. Projection of Permanent Population
The current area of Manteo is nearly completely developed. An ana-
lysis of vacant residential land indicates that about 20 lots remain
undeveloped in the downtown area and about 90 lots remain undeveloped in
other parts of Town.
The downtown lots vary in size, in current use and in zoning. Given
these factors, it is hard to imagine more than 10 dwelling units, being
constructed on the vacant land in the downtown area. This excludes the
downtown waterfront area parcels designated for multi -family develop-
ment.
The lots undeveloped elsewhere in town are clustered in three areas:
between Fernando and Sir Walter Raleigh streets west of Highway 64/264
III-6

(about 25 lots on about 3 acres), between Burnside Road and Harriot
Street west of 64/264 (about 18 lots on about 2 1/2 acres)1, and in the
Bayview subdivision (about 15 lots on slightly less than 2 acres south
of the canal). There are several other lots scattered at various places
around town. The majority of these lots are around 6,000 square feet,
1,500 square feet smaller than the minimum lot size (7,500 square feet)
provided for in the current zoning ordinance. The ownership of the lots
has not been researched and it is of course possible that many owners
own two or more lots.
There is some remaining unsubdivided land in Manteo. About eight
acres appears to be available adjacent to the Baytree/Harbortown
development and some smaller parcels exist behind currently developed
lands between 64/264 and the Marsh along Shallowbag Bay.
There are still about eleven undeveloped lots with frontage on
64/264 but some of them are fairly small and may be unusable for commer-
cial purposes. There are also a few odd shaped vacant parcels in the
downtown commercial area which are potential development or parking lot
sites.
In general however, most land in Manteo is developed and this means
that new development must either limit itself to the available sub-
divided or open parcels or that some efforts must be made to begin the
process of redevelopment.
The following projection is based on a specific set of assumptions.
The projection assumes a build out of Manteo by about 2000 with most
IOnly 9 of these lots are within the current city limits but any
redevelopment would likely take place across the whole area.
III-7

II
II
II
[]
development utilizing the available lots but also that some redevelop-
ment efforts are undertaken which clear the way for a significant
increase in multi -family dwellings. The population projections are
shown in Table 1 and a more detailed discussion of the assumptions
follows.
TABLE 7
POPULATION PROJECTIONS
Manteo, North Carolina
Year 1970 1980 1985
Population 547 902 1000
1. 1970 to 1980 growth due to annexation.
2. Projections are for existing city limits.
1990 1995 2000
1200 1400 1600
The assumptions which govern the projection are as follows:
1) Multi -family developments constructed or under construc-
tion in 1985/86 will be completed and will fill up.
2) Approximately 100 undeveloped residential lots remain in
Manteo.
3) Approximately 50 of these lots are developed as they
exist; as single family homes with an average family size of 2.3 persons
per home.
4) These lots are developed at the rate of about five per
year meaning that by 1990 25 lots, and by 1995 all fifty lots would have
been developed.
III-8

'
5) Eight acres of vacant land are developed as townhouses/
condominiums or apartments. These are developed in accordance with the
'
zoning ordinance at about 5.8 units per acre (7,500 sq. ft. MLS). This
'
development results in 60 new people by 1990 and 106 new people by 1995.
6) The remaining vacant lots as well as some of the remaining
open land is developed/redeveloped into multi -family units. This
results in a built out population of about 1600 people within the
limits.
current city
b. Future Temporary and Visitor Populations
The previous section mentioned the difficulties involved in esti-
mating the current number of temporary residents and visitors in Manteo.
These same difficulties make the task of estimating future visitors and
'
temporary difficult. is impossible
residents even more It to predict
'
what new attractions may draw summer visitors to the Manteo Area: a
major art center, new resorts with golf courses, a large mall type com-
mercial center, or the development of downtown Manteo into a "chic"
tourist shopping area. These are all things that have been mentioned as
'
either desirable or possible developments. For the purposes of this
'
projection it shall be assumed that the current attractions (Ft.
Raleigh, Elizabeth II and the N. C. Aquarium will continue to be the
'
primary drawing card. Additional assumptions include:
1) Attendance at the Elizabeth II could increase so that by 1990 it
'
might be equal to the other two attractions;
2) attendance at the three major attractions will increase slowly
'
(2.4% per year) based on the average annual change in attendance between
■
1981 and 1985.
III-9

1
3) Available motel rooms in Manteo will increase from 170 today to
200 by 1995;
' 4) these motel rooms are not used as destination type resorts but
instead as commercial or short term lodging and therefore average room
' occupancy is 2.5 people per room;
' 5) any other temporary lodging areas such as campgrounds will occur
outside Manteo's Town limits. Manteo will maintain itself as a per-
manent residential community with only a minimum number of seasonal
residents.
1
TABLE 8
PROJECTED TEMPORARY
AND VISITOR POPULATION
Manteo Area
'
Year
Indicator
1985
1990
1995
2000
Number of Motel Rooms (Total)
170
220
250
300
'
In current Town Limits
170
200
200
200
Peak Daily Population
425
500
500
500
Visitation at Elizabeth II
'
Annual Population
136,630
342,400
383,500
429,500
Average Day in Peak Month
1,003
2,200
2,500
2,800
Table 8 shows the projected temporary and visitor populations for
the years 1990, 1995, and 2000. These projections indicate that if the
assumption is correct concerning the drawing power of the Elizabeth II,
then a very significant number of visitors will be passing through
III-10

Manteo to Ice Plant Island. Assuming 3.5 persons per car, the peak day
traffic to the Elizabeth II site would be 631 vehicles in 1990, 707 in
1995 and 791 in 2000.
The increasing visitation will add to the traffic congestion already
present on 64/264, and this will be exacerbated by the general increase
in population in the area.
B. NEED FOR LAND
As discussed in the previous sections, Manteo is essentially
fully developed. All land within the current Town limits has access to
urban services, and with the exception of marshland areas near
Shallowbag Bag, all land is classified as "developed" (see Section V).
Manteo's growth occurs, of course, within the context of Roanoke Island
and Dare County as a whole. The most recent projections for Dare County
anticipate significant growth by 1995. Some small percentage of these
new people will settle in Manteo and a large number are expected to
settle on Roanoke Island. In the policy section, this plan addresses
the issue of whether Manteo should pursue annexation.
C. DEMAND FOR URBAN SERVICES
As discussed in the section on Existing Conditions, the Town of
Manteo provides basic urban services within its corporate limits
including water supply, sewage collection and treatment, solid waste
1 collection, and police protection. Fire protection and schools are ser-
vices provided at the regional or county level and most roads and
1 streets are now on the state system'and are therefore not technically
' the Town's responsibility.
II

II
LThis section of the report makes a generalized projection of the
need for several basic urban services based on the projection of popula-
tion presented in the previous sections. While assumptions and con-
siderations regarding individual areas of service are presented with
each area, there are certain basic points which address the provision of
these services in general.
' First, it is an inescapable fact that as Roanoke Island grows from
now on, its fundamental character will begin to change. Heretofore, the
Island, except for Manteo, Wanchese, and certain small areas, has been
primarily rural. Housing densities have been low and the need for urban
services has been limited. If population growth approaches the levels
predicted, major changes will occur.
In the areas immediately adjacent to Manteo, the current population
is about 1400 people and the average density is about 1 person per acre
of "developable" land. If all the currently subdivided lots are built
on (about 1250) the population would be about 2900 people. If all the
available land is subdivided to 1/4 acre lots (10,900 sq. ft.) and
developed, the potential population is about 9000 people. It should be
noted that most currently subdivided lots are in the 6000 to 8000 sq.
ft. range.
This density of development will require central water and sewer
service if serious environmental and public health problems are to be
prevented. Streets will need enlargement and upgrading. Schools will
' need enlargement, solid waste facilities, fire, police, recreation and
water access sites, social services, all will need to expand to serve
I, III-12
I`

the prospective population. In short, based simply on the degree of
subdivision of land which has already occurred near Manteo on Roanoke
Island, there is a medium sized city waiting to be born. And
furthermore, if the projections of future population growth are correct,
the people to populate that city will in fact be moving to the area over
the next 10-15 years.
Second, it is important to note the way that urban services are pro-
vided, and the way that they are paid for. Some services, such as
police, fire, and solid waste are relatively easy to expand on an incre-
mental basis and while capital expense may be an issue, it is not nor-
mally an insurmountable problem. Other services however, particularly
schools, roads, water, sewer, and drainage are very capital intensive,
at least to establish. Most communities place the burden for initial
financing of these --particularly water lines, sewer lines, and collector
streets --on the developers and subdividers. However, in the area around
Manteo, a great deal of subdividing has already occurred. Most has been
done without the provision of any of these basic infrastructural com-
ponents, and therefore, as the need for paved streets, drainage systems,
water lines, and sewer lines in these areas becomes apparent, the
financing of these improvements will prove expensive and complex to
arrange.
This section looks in some detail at the projected increase in water
and sewer flows within the current town limits of Manteo. The section
also discusses the potential traffic problems within Manteo connected
with future growth and the potential impact on schools of the growth in
the Town.
III-13

1. Future Demand for Water and Sewer Service
As discussed in the Existing Conditions Report, Manteo currently
operates its own water and sewer systems. Water is purchased from the
County and distributed by the Town's distribution system and sewage is
collected and treated by the Town, and a portion of the effluent is
discharged to Shallowbag Bay. The Town is limited by its contract with
the county to a maximum of 400,000 gpd of water and its older,
discharging sewage plant has a capacity of 250,000 gpd. This has
recently been augmented by a new plant with a capacity of 125,000 gpd
which discharges to a rotary distributor land disposal system.
This discussion deals with peak level demands for water and sewer
service which could be expected to occur on any given day between
Memorial Day weekend and Labor Day weekend. Because the systems have to
be designed to accommodate the peak demands2, these are the basic
figures which are used for planning purposes. It should be understood
that average annual flows are usually significantly less than peak flows
and that winter flows are normally significantly less than average
flows. This burden of sizing for very high summer time peak flows is
shared by most summer resort areas, and can place an extra cost on per-
manent residents.
The peak water demand is derived by considering three classes of
users; permanent (or semi -permanent residents), temporary residents (in
2Accommodation of peak sewage flow usually consists of the provision
of some storage capability which allows for the treatment of the peak
loading during times when normal flow is below capacity. The capacity
to meet peak water flows however, must be on line and instantly
available.
III-14

motels), and day visitors. The projected populations of these three
classes are taken from Tables 7 and 8 in this report.
The rates of peak consumption are assumed to be 135 gpd per per-
manent resident, 70 gpd per temporary resident and 15 gpd per visitor
The later two are taken from the Dare County Carrying Capacity Report
and the first is derived from the 1985 Manteo peak water demand
(estimated) less the amount attributed to temporary residents and visi-
tors. While the residential peak flow is somewhat higher than that
often used it includes an increment to account for commercial flows.
Sewage generation rates are assumed to be the same as water demand
rates. However, for Manteo, an increment of 40,000 gpd has been added
to account for Infiltration/Inflow into the sewer system. As discussed
in the section on existing conditions, this is believed to be a signifi-
cant problem in the Manteo sewer system. It should be noted that the N.
C. Division of Environmental Management requires that when designing a
sewage system, a minimum of 150 gpd per bedroom be used and that when
designing community water systems, a design flow of 450 gpd per dwelling
unit be used.

TABLE 9
PROJECTED PEAK DEMAND FOR WATER AND SEWER SERVICE
TOWN OF MANTEO, N.C.1
SERVICE 1985 1990 1995 2000
Water2 180,000 230,000 261,000 293,000
Sewer 220,000 270,000 300,000 333,000
Notes•
1. Figures are for areas within 1986 Town limits.
2. Peak water demand figures are: 135 gpd permanent residents, 70
gpd for motel residents and 15 gpd for visitors.
3. Sewage flow equals water demand plus 40,000 gpd to account for
I/I.
4. Peak sewage flow is not normally basis for plant size.
Based on an analysis of the 1984 and 1985 figures, it is estimated
that the peak day water demand in Manteo in 1985 was about 180,000 gpd.
This is less than the average daily demand in July 1985 but it is felt
that the July figures are open to dispute. The sewage flow averaged
204,000 gpd during August 1985 and for the purposes of this analysis,
the peak day will be estimated as 220,000 gpd. As discussed in the pre-
vious report, winter storms in 1985 probably generated a much higher
peak flow but from a planning standpoint, such an anomaly will not be
considered.
Using the flow rates and the population projections discussed pre-
viously, water and sewage demand within Manteo's existing town limits

were projected. The results are shown on Table 9. Assuming the popula-
tion growth and the use rates discussed previously, peak water demand
rises to about 293,000 gpd by 2000. Sewage flows increase to about
333,000. These projections would indicate that the town has adequate
water supply and sewage capacity to deal with future growth in the
existing service areas.
2. Potential Need for Road and Street Improvements:
Manteo has three main areas in which some long term planning is
necessary with respect to streets, roads and parking. These are as
follows:
a. Highway 64/264: This major thoroughfare serves as the main
entrance to Roanoke Island, Manteo, and the beach areas from the west.
It also provides access to the Manteo and Roanoke Island attractions
from the beach areas, and additionally serves as the major thoroughfare
and commercial access street for the Town and Island's permanent resi-
dents and businesses. Average Daily Traffic (ADT) on this highway in
Manteo was estimated by NCDOT as 11,900 vehicles per day in 1984, up
from 8500 vehicles per day in 1981. As the County and Roanoke Island
continue to grow, the traffic and congestion on the highway will
increase. There is no other feasible corridor available for a highway
on the Island and therefore, the State, the Town, and the County must
plan carefully and make improvements to minimize, in so far as possible,
the inevitable future congestion.
b. Town street access to Elizabeth II and downtown area: The
current signing on 64/264 directs visitors to the Elizabeth II and

Downtown to enter the downtown area via Fernando Street and the logical
exit street is Ananias Dare Street. Neither of these streets is espe-
cially wide, all have street side parking and are largely residential.
Assuming 3.5 persons per vehicle, year 1995 peak day traffic to the
Elizabeth II would exceed 700 vehicles per day by 2000. This traffic
will be exacerbated by the increasing Post Office traffic, other local
residential/business traffic and any traffic generated by other
tourist/commercial development downtown. In the long run, the town will
have to commit certain streets to this traffic and plan for their
widening and the associated land use changes sure to occur.
C. Downtown parking:
As discussed in the previous section, public parking in
downtown Manteo is in short supply. Approximately 50 offstreet public
parking spaces exist and an additional 40 are under construction
(Summer 1986). Additionally, 250 spaces exist along the streets in
downtown Manteo and 190 more spaces exist at the Elizabeth II Historic
Site on Iceplant Island.
The need for future parking in downtown Manteo will depend on the
direction of downtown development/redevelopment. If the area becomes a
tourist oriented commercial area then parking requirements will be
greater than if the area develops a more residential character.
The increased tourism spawned by the Elizabeth II should logically
use the historic site parking for both activities at the site and in
town. The Town can make this more likely by better signage and by pro-
viding transportation from that lot to downtown particularly on peak
days.

Downtown employees, particularly those of the County, utilize much
of the available parking, particularly on street during weekdays. While
the number of downtown county employees should not increase signifi-
cantly, an increase in other downtown employees will increase the burden
on the already limited spaces.
The problem is exacerbated by the lack of available vacant land
downtown and the cost of what does exist. Additionally, land which is
now used (informally) for parking is scheduled to be developed in the
near future, and this will further load the existing public parking.
The policies section of the report addresses the downtown parking
problem with specific proposals.
3. Impacts on Schools:
As discussed in the Report on Existing Conditions, Manteo is served
by three schools: Manteo Elementary, Manteo Middle, and Manteo High
School. Of these Manteo Elementary is the only one operating below
capacity. In general, growth within the Town of Manteo is not expected
to seriously impact the school system, because despite a projected
influx of new younger residents, the existing population appears to be
getting older.
If however, Roanoke Island becomes the preferred location for the
younger working people in Dare County, the pressures on the Island's
schools will increase. Previous experiences with the N. C. Department
of Public Instruction's pupil attendance projections indicate that their
models do not work well in areas where in migration is a major factor in
population growth. Material contained in the County's Carrying Capacity
Report would seem to bear this out for Dare County.

The key factor will be the type of growth that the Island experien-
ces. However, as mentioned previously, the planning and operation of
the school system is not in any way the responsibility of the Town of
Manteo.
III-20

IV. PLANNING OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The following are the issues, objectives, and policies proposed for
adoption in the Manteo land use plan. The issues are derived from three
sources: the rules governing the development of CAMA Land Use Plan
tUpdates (1), the direction given by the Manteo Town officials at the
time the planning began (2), and the consultant's analysis of present
and future conditions (3). The source'or justification for the inclu-
sion of any particular issue is indicated by the notation of a (1), a
(2) and/or a (3) respectively. There are some issues required by the
CAMA rules which are not relevant to the Town of Manteo, and these are
discussed in the final part of each section.
For each of the issues discussed, a planning objective is presented.
The determination of the objective is the first step in the development
of future plans and policies for the Town. Following the proposed
objective, a set of policy or action recommendations is made.
The Coastal Resources Commission has defined its required policy
areas into five broad topics and the following policy recommendations
are organized in that way. These topics are as follows:
° Resource Protection
° Resource Production and Management
° Economic and Community Development
Continuing Public Participation
° Storm Hazard Mitigation
IV-1

A. RESOURCE PROTECTION ISSUES
1. Development In Areas with Physical Constraints (1)
Strictly speaking there are no real constraints to development
within the non -AEC areas of the Town of Manteo. The area is effectively
fully developed. There are, of course, special things which must be
done to address some of the site related physical characteristics which
are encountered. In general, they are as follows:
a. Flooding
U.S.F.I.A, flood elevations are established and will
be adhered to. There are, however, several problems with the existing
flood elevations which were discussed in the previous sections.
° Objective
To protect the structures, facilities, and residents of Manteo
from unreasonable damage from flooding.
° Policies
1) All new development must meet flood insurance elevations.
2) A definitive topographic map of the Town will be prepared
so that accurate flooding elevations can be delinated.
3) The Town will pursue a redefinition of the 100 year flood
level with the appropriate Federal Agencies.
b. Protection of Potable Water Supply. (1) (3)
Manteo obtains its potable water supply from Dare County which
pumps from an aquifer located approximately 150 feet below the land sur-
face of Roanoke Island. The recharge areas for this aquifer are not
well defined but it is assumed that some recharge finds its way from the
IV-2

II
water table aquifer which lies close to the surface throughout the
Manteo area. Manteo has an ordinance which prohibits septic tanks in
the Town and a positive storm drainage system which discharges the
! Town's storm water to the Sound and the Bay. The Town's new sewage
treatment plant will utilize land treatment through rotary distributors
and shallow groundwater monitoring wells have been located throughout
Ithe disposal area.
° Objective
tTo protect the -groundwater beneath Manteo from contamination by
hazardous or toxic materials.
° Policies
1) Persons and businesses within Manteo who operate or maintain
underground storage tanks for fuels or other materials shall ensure that
such tanks do not leak. Such persons shall be requested to ensure that
a copy of any required state permits governing underground tanks are
filed with the Roanoke Island Fire Department. All tanks shall be
installed in accordance with applicable codes and standards.
2) Persons or businesses who utilize materials which may cause
harmful contamination of the ground or surface waters shall ensure that
such materials are stored safely and that containers are checked regu-
larly for leaks.
3) No private land or subsurface disposal of potentially con-
taminated solid or liquid waste material within the Town of Manteo.
4) No septic tanks allowed in Manteo under normal conditions.
5) Newly annexed areas shall connect to the sewer system
1 as quickly as practical.
I
IV-3
II

6) When stormwater is retained in infiltration basins, such
basins should be grassed to provide filtration. Basins should be regu-
larly cleaned and maintained.
C. Areas with Poor Soil
Some limiting soils exist in Manteo. Since septic tanks
are illegal in Manteo and since most new buildings require significant
fill before construction, drainage is the only significant soils related
problem in the Town. The Town has completed a drainage plan and will be
adopting a drainage ordinance.
° Objective
To minimize the impact of poor soils on development in the Town
and to minimize the Town's long term problems because of development on
poor soils.
° Policies
1) When the Town feels that Soils could be a problem for a new
development, it will require the developer to present information which
demonstrates that soils problems are being rectified. Developers
building on soils defined by the S.C.S. as Psamaments must include a
soils impact study as part of their plan of development.
2) Where poorly drained soils exist, developers may be
required to design and construct drainage improvements.
d Septic Tanks
° Objective
To eliminate the health and environmental risks associated with
septic tanks and to ensure maximum utilization of the Town's sewer
system.
IV-4

° Policies
1) No septic tanks in Manteo
2) No areas annexed until mechanism for sewage collection and
disposal in place. Properties must connect as quickly as reasonably
possible.
2. Development in Areas of Environmental Concern (1)
There are four categories of designated AECs in Manteo: estuarine
waters, coastal wetlands, public trust waters, and estuarine shorelines.
With respect to estuarine waters, coastal wetlands, and public trust
waters, the following objective is adopted.
° Objective
To keep estuarine waters, coastal wetlands, and public
trust waters within the jurisdiction of Manteo in their natural state
and to improve their existing quality as possible.
With respect to Estuarine Shorelines, the following objective
is adopted.
° Objective
To develop estuarine shorelines in a manner consistent with the
achievement of Objective 1.
° Policies
a. Land uses allowed in or appropriate for each AEC:
1) Estuarine waters/public trust waters:
° Recreation
° Commercial navigation
° Commercial fishing
IV-5

2) Coastal wetlands:
° Docks across
3) Estuarine shorelines:
° Residential
° Commercial - water oriented - light commercial
° Recreational/institutional (parks, parking, etc.)
b. Policies guiding land uses in AEC:
1) State permits must be obtained
- Town to receive copy of all state permit applications,
and all final permits.
2) In public trust and estuarine waters:
° No littering
° No waste discharges
° No live -aboard residential (w/o permit)
° No interference with commercial fishing facilities or
activities
° Compliance with state use standards
3) In coastal wetlands:
° No further dredge and fill without Town approval
° Piers on pilings only
° Minimum disturbance of marsh during any construction
° No littering or waste discharges
° Compliance with state use standards
4) On estuarine shorelines:
° No gas stations or other uses with hazardous or toxic
IV-6

materials (except marinas)
° In B-2 zone, no more than 30% lot coverage with
impermeable surfaces (see pg. II-21).
° Compliance with state use standards
3. Development Adjacent to Important Cultural and Historic
Resource Areas (1) (3)
The Town of Manteo sits in the center of an important cultural
and historic area. The Town has, in the past, considered the adoption
of a historic district ordinance governing the downtown area. While
this was not adopted, there is still interest on the part of many citi-
zens in the protection of the several downtown area historic structures
and of the relaxed turn of the century ambience of the downtown area
generally. The,following objective is adopted.
° Objective
To pursue the continuing development and redevelopment of
Manteo in a manner respectful of the historic and cultural resources of
the community.
° Pnliriae
1) Where sites of historical or cultural importance exist,
development of them or around them shall be carried out so as to protect
or enhance those features of importance (see pg. II-46).
2) The area bordered by 64-264, Fernando Street, John Borden
and Barlowe Streets and Dough's Creek is considered an area of special
historic importance and within that area special attention will be given
by the Planning Board and the Board of Commissioners to the design of
new or improved structures and to the need for special permit conditions.
IV-7

3) The ship "Elizabeth II" is of special importance to the
Town and the Town's policy is therefore to avoid any actions which may
threaten the integrity of the ship or the State Historic Site.
4. Management of Stormwater Runoff. (1) (3)
The Town's current stormwater system discharges both east to
Shallowbag Bay and west to Croatan Sound. There is no data which defi-
nes the impact of these discharges on the water quality nor have there
been studies which attempted to define these impacts. Because of the
very flat slopes, the undersizing of some of the drainage channels and
the tendency for debris to block some culverts and ditches, drainage in
some areas of town is slow, and local flooding of lawns, streets, and
driveways is not uncommon. The Town recognizes the need for some
formal way to deal with drainage from new projects. The following
objective is suggested:
° Objective
To develop a storm drainage strategy and ordinance which mini-
mizes stormwater impacts of development on adjoining land owners and the
public and which minimizes the impact of the stormwater on the quality
of ground and surface waters. Additionally, to identify those areas of
Manteo with current storm drainage problems and to correct those
problems.
° Policies
1. Stormwater from developed sites shall not flow onto or
across the lands of another without proper easements and drainage.
2. The Town will identify those areas of Manteo where storm
drainage problems exist and will proceed on a priority basis as funds
are available to correct those problems.
IV-8

3. To the maximum extent feasible, stormwater shall be
disposed of on site.
4. When new development (excepting single family housing
constructed by or for the lot owner) proposes to use the public storm
drains or ditches to dispose of stormwater, the developers shall conclu-
sively demonstrate that:
a) Capacity exists in the storm drainage system to carry
their stormwater from the 10 year, 24 hour storm
b) Their stormwater will not cause overflow or damage to
other property.
c) Their stormwater will not cause contamination of the
receiving waters
5) When developers design and place storm drains, or culverts
in the Town, the Town will require those facilities to be sized so as to
convey all current and projected flows from that drainage basin.
5. Marina & Floating Home Development. (1) (2) (3)
Manteo has one full service marina and is currently enlarging the
Town docks. Because of the waterfront location, this type of develop-
ment is an important way for the Town to enhance its livability and to
encourage public use of the waterfront and the waters of the Bay and the
creeks. All the new dock development is occurring in areas which have
been the site of docks and waterfront activities for over 100 years.
The following objective is adopted.
° Objective
To carry out future dock and marina development in an environ-
mentally compatible way and to ensure that the operation and use of all
IV-9

dock, boat basin, and marina facilities in Manteo is consistent with the
protection of the water quality and the important natural resources of
the area.
° Policies
1) New marina development in existing dredged areas only.
2) No overboard discharges of sanitary waste from marine toilets.
3) No permanent live-aboards without a town CU permit.
4) All town ordinances regarding docking must be complied with.
6. Sewage Effluent Discharges to Shallowbag Bay: (2) (3)
The Town currently discharges an average of about 100,000 gpd of good
quality secondary treated domestic sewage effluent into Shallowbag Bay.
Another facility (Roanoke Properties) has recently received a state per-
mit to discharge 100,000 gpd of secondary effluent into the same area.
For many reasons, Manteo wishes to remove its own discharge from the Bay
and to prevent further discharges. The Town's new sewage treatment
plant has significantly reduced the discharge from its existing plant and
the Town has been negotiating with the owners of the newly permitted
facility (not yet constructed) over the potential for Town treatment of
the development's sewage. The following objective and policies are
adopted:
° Objective
To remove all the sewage effluent discharges from Shallowbag
Bay at the soonest reasonable opportunity.
° Policies
1) The Town will operate its two treatment plants to minimize
the discharge to the Bay and to give what must be discharged the highest
possible treatment.
IV-10

2) The Town opposes the permitting of any new discharges to
the Bay.
3) The Town will work to completely remove its discharge from
the Bay.
7. Issues Mandated by State Planning Guidelines which do not apply
to Manteo.
a. The Use of Package Sewage Treatment Plants: Manteo is
completely served by its central sewerage system and therefore package
treatment plants are not necessary.
b. Industrial Impacts on Fragile Areas: Manteo has no
industrial development nor does it have vacant lands which are zoned for
industrial uses.
c. Development of Sound and Estuarine System Islands:
Manteo's Town limits encompass no sound or estuarine system islands.
B. Resource Production and Management Issues (1)
1. Fishery Nursery Areas: (1)
Shallowbag Bay and Dough's Creek are designated by Marine Fisheries
as nursery areas for many different species of commercially important
fish. The Town recognizes the importance of maintaining good quality
water and avoiding unnecessary disruptions of these areas. The policies
proposed for issues 2, 5, 6, and 7 directly address the actions the Town
can take to protect this important local resource. Therefore, no speci-
fic objectives or policies are proposed to address this issue.
IV-11

2. Issues Mandated by State Planning Guidelines which do not Apply
to Manteo
a. Productive Agricultural Lands: There are no agricultural
lands within Manteo.
b. Commercial Forest Lands: There are no commercial forest
lands within Manteo.
C. Mineral Production Areas: There are no existing or poten-
tial mineral production areas within Manteo.
d. Off Road Vehicles: There are no areas within Manteo where
off road vehicle use is a problem.
e. Commercial and Residential Land Development: Except for "
the areas designated as "Conservation", land development is encouraged
within the Town of Manteo. The zoning ordinance describes those areas
where various types and intensity of development should occur.
C. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELPMENT ISSUES
1. Local Commitment to Providing Services to Development (1) (2)
(3)
As discussed in previous sections, Manteo is unique among Dare
County communities in that it has a city-wide municipally owned water
and sewer system. The capacity of the sewer system has recently been
increased and the water and sewer systems are now of adequate size to
handle the flow demands of the area within the existing Town limits for
the foreseeable future. The Town by ordinance requires that residences
and businesses within the Town connect to both the water and sewer
system. Within the current Town limits therefore the only issue
regarding utility service is the cost of any necessary collection/
IV-12

distribution system expansions. There are only a few lots where service
is not immediately available and the first objective/policy set
addresses these situations.
More complex issues are raised by the extension of these services
beyond the existing Town limits. Cost of line extensions, expansion of
the various faciities, relationship to annexation, coordination with
Dare County, all these are factors which need consideration. The second
objective and policy set addresses these.
° Objective
To provide necessary urban services to new development within
the existing Town limits at no net cost to existing residents or the
Town.
° Policies
1) All residents, businesses, and occupied structures within
Town limits of Manteo must be connected to Town water and sewer system.
2) In accordance with Manteo's current ordinances, any exten-
sion of water and sewer lines required by any new development over and
above established requirements to be payed for by that development.
3) Any increase in utility capacity required by new develop-
ment to be financed by that developer.
4) No development permits issued until above issues resolved.
° Objective
To provide no urban services to areas or developments outside
the Town limits except when the provision of such services is made at no
cost to the Town and only upon the condition that the areas to be served
petition for annexation to the Town of Manteo.
IV-13

° Policies
1) Any area outside Town limits wishing town services must
first petition for annexation.
2) In the case where extension of Town services requires a
capital expense by the Town, either for the expansion of existing faci-
lities or for the construction of new facilities, the annexation peti-
tion must be accompanied by description of proposed method of financing
the capital expense.
3) In the situation where the area to be annexed includes
subdivisions or other developments already approved by Dare County, a
certification must be provided by the county that water adequate to
serve those approved developments will be allotted to the Town of Manteo
above and beyond the allotment already held by the Town.
4) The annexation petition must contain a comprehensive eval-
uation of the costs and the benefits to the Town of providing all ser-
vices. Services of concern include water, sewer, storm drainage, solid
waste collection and disposal, police and fire, and code enforcement.
Other Optional Objectives Considered:
1) To provide no urban services to areas or developments out-
side the existing Town limits.
2) To provide services at Town expense.
2. Types of Urban Growth Patterns Desired and Redevelopment of
Developed Areas: (1) (3)
As discussed in previous sections, Manteo is an essentially
fully developed community. It is completely zoned and the zoning map
IV-14

and ordinance speak directly to the current policy of the Town with
respect to urban growth. A very large part of the Town (70%) is zoned
for commercial uses, and as indicated on Table 3, within the two commer-
cial zones, a large mixture of uses are allowed. In general, this plan
does not propose to change the current policy. Instead, the objectives
and policies described below, rearticulate the current policies, provide
refinements of those existing policies or address development issues
which were not covered by the existing plan or ordinances. There are
five sub -areas of Manteo which are dealt with in this section. They are
as follows: downtown, Hwy 264/64 corridor, residential areas east of
64/264, residential areas west of 64/264 and the High School and
Iceplant Island areas. Each of these areas is addressed separately.
a. Downtown Manteo: Downtown Manteo is currently zoned for
"Village Business". This zoning encompasses a variety of retail uses,
services, offices, and special uses (outdoor markets, cottage industry)
which would appear to lend themselves to a dense waterfront, tourist
oriented downtown area. Also included are the full range of residential
uses allowed in the Town. The vision contained in the 1981 Land Use
Plan of the downtown area as a festive retail and tourist spot combined
with the day to day functions of the small seaport and county seat has
been slow to materialize. There is not yet a real willingness by local
landowners and developers to gamble on the future of downtown Manteo and
most of the investment so far has come from out of town interests. The
policies below support the objective of a continued emphasis on downtown
development and seek to reaffirm the design orientation of the previous
plan.
IV-15

° Objective
To continue to develop/redevelop downtown Manteo as the focal
point of the community with an emphasis on a mixture of small commercial
recreational governmental and residential uses.
° Policies
1) New development in downtown area will be encouraged.
2) Such development will be encouraged to conform to design
guidance contained in 1981 Plan.
3) The Town will address the parking problem through the
implementation of the policies set forth in Issue C-7.
4) Combined residential/commercial uses of structures will be
encouraged.
5) The Town will support the creation of a Roanoke Island
Merchants Association.
6) The Town will proceed with the development of a
recreational area on Iceplant Island, thereby making downtown more of a
community focal point.
7) The Town will encourage the relocation of inappropriate
uses and will consider the redefinition of permitted uses in the
Downtown area.
Other Optional Objectives Considered:
1) Discouragement of further tourist development
b. Highway 64/264 Corridor: This corridor extends from one
end of Manteo to the other and generally is about 1 lot deep (100 - 300
feet). This is the area where the most intense current development in
IV-16

Manteo is occurring. The area is completely zoned B2 - General
Business. Given its current zoning and the continuing demand for high-
way frontage, this area is expected to keep on developing. There are a
number of residential lots along this highway and under current poli-
cies, these are expected to be converted to commercial in the future.
There has been no indication that this causes a problem to the land-
owners. The main problems encountered along this strip involve neigh-
boring use conflicts, design disagreements, traffic access, and
increasing congestion of the highway. In short, problems which are
always associted with strip commercial areas. The following objective
and policies are adopted:
° Objective
To continue the commercial development of the area adjacent to
Highway 64/264, but to do so in a way that minimizes development impacts
on the highway, neighboring uses and the rest of the Town.
o n-1 ; 4 .
1) The Town will petition the N. C. Department of
Transportation to prepare for the Town's consideration, a long term plan
for the efficient utilization of the 64/264 Highway corridor across
Manteo. The plan should address issues such as: ultimate right of way
width, road configuration, location of lights and use of access roads.
2) Based on this plan the Town will amend its ordinances as
necessary to provide for necessary setbacks and access controls.
3) New commercial development occurring along this highway
will provide sidewalks set back from the street and will install and
IV-17

maintain suitable landscaping; The Town encourages as much vegetation
as possible (consistent with safety concerns) along this highway.
4) New structures should be designed to harmonize with the
character of the Town and the nearby uses.
5) The town encourages the use of vegetative and structural
buffers between incompatible uses (i.e. gas stations and motels) and may
require them in some cases.
Other Optional Objectives Considered:
1) Downzoning of existing residential areas along highway to
residential zone.
C. Residential Areas East of Highway 64/264 This is the
residential area of "Old Manteo". Many old and beautiful structures
exist here and the area is nearly completely developed. No special
problems exist here although future redevelopment may pose problems for
some of the existing uses and structures. The following objective and
policies are adopted.
° Objective
To maintain the residential character of the neighborhood and
to avoid the erection of any incompatible structures.
1) To propose again for public hearing the historic district
ordinance considered previously for part of this area.
2) To encourage builders of new structures to make their
designs compatible with neighboring structures.
IV-18

d. Residential Areas West of Highway 64/264: This part of
Manteo was annexed to the Town in the late 1970s. It is generally sub-
divided into small lots and has a mixture of housing from substantial
homes to mobile homes to delapidated shantys. Most of the Town's unde-
veloped residential land is in this area. The following objective and
policies are adopted.
° objective
To encourage the development/redevelopment of vacant land west
of Highway 64/264 and to support projects designed to improve the
housing living
and conditions of existing residents.
° Policies
1) The Town will consider the rezoning of those areas
currently zoned R2 - Medium Density Residential to R5 - General
Residential.
2) The Town encourages the consolidation of existing very
small lots into larger parcels and the redevelopment of those parcels
for permitted uses.
3) The Town will seek a Community Development Block Grant to
improve streets, drainage, and some housing in the western residential
areas.
4) The Town will support all neighborhood efforts to clean up
and improve the appearance of the area.
5) The Town supports the development of currently vacant
large parcels into multi -family residential units.
IV-19

II
Ie. High School and Iceplant Island
These areas were annexed to the Town since the zoning
ordinance was last amended and have not, therefore, been zoned. None of
the five existing zoning categories seems appropriate for these areas.
The High School is essentially committed space and Iceplant Island is
designated purely for recreation. The following objective and policies
are adopted.
° Objective
ITo manage the current use and future development of the High
School and Iceplant Island areas in a manner consistent with their dedi-
cated purposes.
° Policies
1) The Town will consider the development and adoption of a
new zoning classfication: "Institutional". This classification is
intended to cover certain public interest and service related land uses
including: schools, parks, conservation areas, government buildings and
Ifacilities,
and other similar uses. If this use is adopted, then the
High School property and Iceplant Island will be classed as
"Institutional" districts. Other similar sites in Town may also be
classed this way.
2) The Town intends to develop, using public funds and dona-
tions, a portion of Iceplant Island as a public park. This development
will be done consistently with the State Historic Site currently on the
Island. The Town will consider seeking a grant of Beach Access Funds
from the N. C. D. N. R. C. D. to assist in this project.
1
IV-20

3. Support for State and Federal Programs and Assistance to
Channel Maintenance Projects: (1)
Because of its location on the water and because of its
historic interest, Manteo is heavily impacted by State and Federal
programs. Its experiences have been mixed and in the future the Town is
interested in maximizing the benefits and minimizing the risks of par-
ticipation in such programs. The following objective and policies are
adopted.
° Objective
To support State and Federal programs in Manteo which result in
a net benefit to the Town and its citizens.
° Policies
1) The Town Administrator will evaluate any potential State
and Federal programs and discuss them with the Board.
2) State/federal officials will be invited to make a presen-
tation to the Town.
3) The Board of Commissioners will debate the pros and cons
of participation and make a decision.
4) To provide reasonable assistance to channel maintenance
and beach nourishment projects which benefit the Town of Manteo and its
citizens.
4. Tourism and Beach and Waterfront Access: (1) (2) (3)
Manteo is a seaport and the waterfront has always been the
focus of activity in the community. As part of the preparation for the
400th Anniversary of the first Roanoke Colonies, a major revitalization
IV-21

effort was undertaken in the waterfront area. The area now has new com-
1
mercial and residential spaces; new docks and a waterfront park have
been or are being constructed; the Town is well on its way to removing
the Sewage Treatment Plant; and, the Elizabeth II, a major attraction,
is now berthed directly across Dough's Creek from Downtown. The Town
wishes to continue waterfront development and encourage the continued
revitalization of the downtown area.
As part of the development of the Elizabeth II site, a bridge
was constructed to a dredge spoil area across the Creek and this is
where the Elizabeth II visitor center is located. The Town, as part of
the overall development agreement, obtained the use of several acres of
land near the Center and has plans to develop a community park and pic-
nic ground. The Town would eventually like to develop a beach in the
same area. The following objectives and policies are adopted.
° Objective
To encourage maximum public utilization of the downtown Manteo
waterfront area and the maximum visitation to the Elizabeth II.
° Policies
1) The Town will continue to support the wise development of
the downtown Manteo area - (see discussion and policies for issue C2a).
2) The Town will continue to encourage businesses and other
land owners to landscape and "dress up" their property, and the Town
will ensure that public areas are carefully maintained.
3) The Town will address the downtown parking situation as
per the policies contained in issue 7.
4) The Town will encourage the formation of a Roanoke Island
Merchants Association and will work with that group to actively promote
M►TM
1

Manteo as a tourist and shopping area. Such promotions might include
more festivals, package tours of Roanoke Island attractions originating
from Manteo, cruises originating from Manteo, coordinted sales, more
aggressive advertising, etc.
5) The Town will investigate the idea of providing some more
innovative ways of reaching downtown from the Elizabeth II. Ideas
include horse and carriage, train, and launch.
6) The Town will remove the sewage treatment plant from the
downtown area as quickly as possible and will explore the possibility of
an adaptive use of the structures.
7) The Town will evaluate the current access and egress
routes from 64/264 to downtown and the Elizabeth II and may change or
add to the existing routes.
° Objective
To develop a public recreation area on Iceplant Island near to
the Elizabeth II State Historic Site.
Policies:
1) The Town has appointed a special committee to steer this
project.
2) The project will proceed in stages with a picnic
area/playground being developed first.
3) The design of the project will be in harmony with the
State Historic Site.
4) The Town Planning Board will review the committee's propo-
sals and will comment on them to the Board of Commissioners.
5) The Town would like to eventually develop a beach on this
site. A shoreline boardwalk is also under consideration.
IV-23

II
° Objective
To develop other waterfront access sites as the Town expands.
' Policies•
1) The Town will evaluate other potential waterfront access
' sites with particular attention to Scarboro Creek and Croatan Sound.
t5.
Annexation: (3)
Manteo is relatively small
in size compared
to the urbanizing
area which surrounds it. It is the
nucleus point for
northern Roanoke
Island and contains the area's only
municipal sewage
system. As
discussed in the projections section
(Section III) a
very large propor-
tion of the land surrounding Manteo
is subdivided and
most of this is
split into relatively small lots. Development
of that
land, at anywhere
the densities,
near subdivided will
require central sewage
collection
'
and treatment and such development will also require
the other urban
services which the Town provides.
Manteo has recently been approached by the developers of
Pirates Cove, a large, planned, residential -commercial development on
the causeway to Nags Head. These developers desire to connect to the
' Town's sewage system and in exchange have offered to construct major
system improvements and to petition for annexation. The Town is
currently (June 86) debating the costs and benefits of such a step and
it is obvious that there are other lands and developers which would con-
sider making similar approaches to the Town.
Three options have been considered here and discussed by the
Town. They are:
1. Annexation on a case by case basis based on petitions from
property owners and only when the Town can reasonably assure itself that
costs to existing residents and taxpayers will be negligible;
IV-24

2. Declare the existence of some "Manteo urban zone" and
aggressively pursue annexation of that entire area; or,
3. Refrain from any further annexation.
The Town has selected the first option and therefore, the
following objective and policies are adopted.
° Objective
To expand the Town limits of the Town of Manteo by annexation
of adjacent or nearby lands based on a principal of voluntary asso-
ciation and minimal costs to current residents and taxpayers.
° Policies
1) Annexation will be prerequisite to receiving services from
the Town of Manteo.
2) The Town will accept annexation petitions from property
owners wishing to associate with the Town.
3) Annexation petitions must be accompanied by a study,
including any necessary engineering analyses prepared at the peti-
tioner's expense, which fully describes the current and long-term costs
and benefits to the Town, associated with the annexation action.
4) Areas petitioning for annexation which contain lands for
which a subdivision plat or a development plan has been approved by Dare
County must present a certification by the county that adequate water is
available to serve such land and that such water will be added to the
Town's existing allotment.
5) The Town will not annex areas where the long term costs to
the Town's existing residents are shown to significantly outweigh the
benefits.
IV-25

6. Water and Sewer Line Replacement: (2) (3)
As discussed in Section II, water and sewer lines in downtown
Manteo are very old. Leaks are not uncommon in water lines, and sewer
lines are subject to significant infiltration. The Town desires to
undertake, as funds become available, a planned replacement of these
lines. The following objective and policies are adopted.
° Objective
To schedule and implement a planned redesign and replacement of
water and sewer lines in the older areas of Manteo.
° Policies
1) The Town will set priorities and as necessary plan for
different sized pipes based on a general engineering study to be carried
out as soon as possible.
2) The general principals guiding the project will be as
follows:
a. Work begins in Fall;
b, one street at a time;
C. all utilities redone when streets torn up; and
d, all utility wires underground if possible.
3) The Town will establish a special fund to be served from
water and sewer revenues. While the Town will seek grants to finance
the work, the special fund will be used as a fall back finance method.
7. Downtown Parking: (2) (3)
As discussed in both sections II and III, downtown parking is a
problem for Manteo now and may well grow worse. Town policy is to some
IV-26

I
extent to blame for this, since the zoning ordinance for the village
business district has reduced the amount of parking which new develop-
ments must provide. This was and is still considered a desirable trade-
off to encourage a more densely urban setting.
The Town's options are limited in this situation since most of
the land downtown is developed either for structures or for private
parking. The objective and policies discussed below attempt to work in
the relm of the possible by making maximum use of the spaces currently
available and by recommending some selected acquisitions and the joint
use of some private sites.
The N. C. Department of Transportation plan for the Town
discussed in Section II contains many good suggestions regarding both
parking and circulation and this should be studied carefully by Town
officials. The following objective and policies are adopted:
° Objective
To increase public parking in the Downtown Manteo area, par-
ticularly during peak use periods.
1) Maximize the utility of the available on -street parking.
To do this, the Town will:
enforce.
a) Mark all spaces
b) Limit on -street parking downtown to two hours and
c) Use signs to encourage on -street parking outside of
downtown (i.e., along Fernando, Budleigh, Uppowoc, and Annanias Dare)
and allow for a longer parking period on those streets.
IV-27

2) Maximize the utility of available off-street parking, both
public and private. To do this the Town will:
a) Mark all spaces in public lots and encourage the
marking of spaces in private lots.
Note: The DOT study (pg. 110) recommends that parking spaces
be standardized at 71/2 by 22 feet. Existing spaces in town (public or
private) should be marked or remarked at that size.
b) Limit parking time in public lots to two hours and
enforce.
Note: While private lots should not have a time limit imposed
during working hours, in situations where lots are used for public
parking on weekends, time limits could be imposed.
c) Enter into agreements with private lot owners to pro-
vide for public parking in private lots during certain hours or on cer-
tain days. The Town will provide signs, trash cans, and clean-up, and
will consider some other credits for areas used for public parking.
d) Provide signs directing people to off-street parking
away from downtown.
3) Increase the availability of off-street public parking.
To do this the Town will:
a) Identify vacant parcels or areas used for informal
parking and work with the landowner to make these available for public
parking. While outright purchase will be the most secure way of
obtaining use of the land, medium and long-term leases may also be
acceptable.
IM-1

0
b) Consider utilizing the Town's powers of eminent
domain if no other methods of acquisition are available.
c) Consider acquiring small vacant parcels which may not
be useful for any other purpose. Several small lots may be more benign
than one large lot and land costs should be less.
d) Require developers of new downtown structures to pro-
vide a certain number of public spaces in addition to the required pri-
vate spaces.
4) Increase utilization of the parking spaces available at
the Elizabeth II site. To do this, the Town will:
a) Ensure that signs are evident downtown directing
people to parking at the Elizabeth II site.
b) Provide signs at the Elizabeth II site encouraging
people to walk across the bridge and visit Manteo.
c) Investigate the idea of providing, particularly at
peak times, some more innovative ways of reaching downtown from the
Elizabeth II site. Ideas include horse and carriage, tram and launch.
8. Improvements to Highway 64/264: (2) (3)
Highway 64/264 is the main thoroughfare across Roanoke Island
and through Manteo. Average daily traffic near Sir Walter Raleigh
Street on 64/264 was reported by the N. C. Department of Transportation
as being about 12,000 vehicles per day in 1984 and peak traffic flows
are much greater. Growth of the county's population will cause signifi-
cant increases in traffic and this will have to be handled in this
corridor and most probably on the existing right of way (ROW). The
IV-29

design and construction of an ultimate roadway through Manteo should be
accomplished as soon as possible so that new development can be designed
to enhance the flow of traffic. The following objectives and policies
are adopted.
Obi ective•
To encourage the NCDOT to schedule the upgrade of Hwy 64/264
through Manteo as a high priority in the next Transportation Improvement
Program.
Policies:
1) The Town will confer with DOT thoroughfare planners as
quickly as possible. Based on these discussions, the Town will deter-
mine what it really wants, and in particular:
• How wide a ROW?
° How many lights? Where?
° Should access roads be planned for?
° What type of landscaping should be planned for?
° How can underground utilities most efficiently be
developed?
2) The Town will request, as discussed in issue C.2.b., the
DOT to prepare a thoroughfare plan which reflects the Town's objectives,
and to develop a project description for inclusion on the highway
construction priority list.
3) The Town will work with County legislative delegation and
DOT Board members to get a high priority placed on Hwy 264 improvements.
4) The Town will adopt a special overlay ordinance dealing
with new development along highway. This ordinance will deal with:
IV-30

Setbacks from highway
° Building appearance
° Access to highway
Landscaping of highway and structures.
° Objective
To carefully review proposals for new development along Hwy
64/264 so as to minimize congestion from traffic seeking to enter or
leave the highway.
° Policies
1) The Town will encourage groupings of businesses rather
than small single lot activities. Such grouping will allow for fewer
driveway accesses to the Highway.
2) The Town will require businesses to provide accesses to
side streets where these are adjacent.
3) Driveway accesses to Highway 64/264 should be at least
500 ft. apart.
4) Setbacks to allow for access roads may be required.
9. Underground Utilities: (2)
Overhead utility wires proliferate across Manteo and Roanoke
Island and it has been an objective of many residents and the Town to
reduce the clutter of these wires by placing them underground. While
technology is readily available to accomplish this, it is expensive to
implement and particularly in situations where frequent. connections must
be made and existing highways, driveways, and yards torn apart.
There are two issues here. First, the 64/264 corridor serves
as the main utility corridor bringing electric power from its source,
IV-31

down the beaches, to Roanoke Island and beyond to Mann's Harbor. This
line has recently been upgraded and N. C. Power has indicated that
future upgrades may be placed underground, at least from the Baum Bridge
to Fernando Street. The placing of the entire main feed line
underground or the rerouting of it away from the highway corridor is one
major objective.
Secondly, the 64/264 corridor and the Town street are strewn
with wires which serve local customers. These lines carry not only
electrical power but also telephone and TV cable. These lines, par-
ticularly electrical, are very expensive to place underground largely
because of the expensive switching equipment needed to serve individual
homes, and the need for extensive digging in streets and yards.
The Town does have an ordinance addressing new lines which
requires that they be placed underground except where following existing
pathways.
The main problem with accomplishing either of the objectives
discussed below is cost and particularly the allocation of that cost.
The utility is unwilling for its shareholders to bear the burden of the
cost and believes that since, in most cases, undergrounding does not
represent the cheapest solution, its additional costs are not eligible
for inclusion in the rate base. Based on the admittedly slim results of
the Town's survey, the residents and taxpayers of Manteo are not willing
to foot the bill. The Corridor Commission argues that since Manteo and
Roanoke Island are important historic and cultural areas, there is a
statewide interest in achieving these objectives and that, therefore,
the costs should be widely born and that the utility, as it apparently
has done in Williamsburg, should also participate.
IV-32

The Town of Manteo is a relatively small player in this game,
and its objectives should be to keep the pressure on to ultimately get
the lines underground while at the same time protecting the financial
interests of its residents and taxpayers. The following objectives and
policies are adopted.
° Objective
To achieve the ultimate removal of main overhead utility lines
from the Hwy 64/264 corridor through Manteo and Roanoke Island at a
minimal cost to the public.
° Policies
1) The Town supports the investigation of the development of
another utility corridor from beach to mainland.
2) The Town believes that lines which do not serve current
customers should be placed underground through the corridor as quickly
as economically feasible.
3) The Town recommends the Corridor Commission establish a
task force on utility lines composed of NC Power, Town, County,
Telephone, TV and cable representatives.
4) The Town encourages North Carolina Power to utilize every
opportunity to get more of system underground.
5) The Town urges the Corridor Commission to seek State
financial support.
° Objective
To achieve the ultimate removal of overhead utility lines from
the Town of Manteo through a policy of gradual removal and through coor-
dination with the renewal of Town water and sewer lines.
IV-33

° Policies
1) The Town will confer with utilities (NC Power, etc.) on
procedures for joint action.
2) The Town will consider utility lines in water and sewer
line replacement priority setting and planning.
3) When setting construction schedules for utility replace-
ment, every attempt will be made to integrate underground placement of
wires.
10. Issues Mandated by the State Which are not Relevant to Manteo:
a. Types and locations of industries desired: Manteo has no
industrially zoned land and is not planning for industrial location
within its existing Town limits.
b. Energy facility siting and development: Manteo has no
energy producing facilities and no plans to develop such facilities.
D. CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 1) (2)
The Town of Manteo believes strongly in the need and desirabi-
lity of public involvement in the planning and decision making proce-
dures of the Town. In the development of this plan, the Town developed
a questionnaire and used the results to guide objective and policy
development. The planning was discussed during public Planning Board
and Town Board meetings during the winter and spring of 1986. A public
hearing on this plan was conducted on March 4, 1987. Planning Board and
Town Board meetings are advertised and the local newspapers provide
regular and extensive coverage of meetings and issues. Still, more can
be done, and the Town is committed to educating and involving its
IV-34

'I
citizens more fully in decisions. The following objectives and policies
are therefore adopted:
°
Objective
Provide for continuing, effective public education on planning
and growth related issues in Manteo.
° Policies
1. The Town will sponsor a semi-annual forum with Town Board
and Planning Board to discuss and debate the major issues expected to
confront the Town in the future.
2. The Town will encourage the local paper to feature
'
Planning Board agendas.
3. The Town will set agendas ahead of time to encourage
discussion.
4. The Town will schedule one Planning Board meeting a
quarter to deal only with planning issues.
° Objective
To encourage continuing public involvement in planning.
° Policies
1
1. The Town Board will request more public input to air
citizen perspectives on important issues.
2. The Town will encourage more press coverage of important
issues.
'
3. The Town will appoint more special task forces to address
issues of concern and make policy recommendations to the Town Board.
'
I ,
I, IV-35
I

E. STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST DISASTER RECOVERY AND EVACUATION
PLANS.
"The North Carolina coast faces a strong threat of damages from
hurricanes, northeasters, and other major storms. While there has been
a marked lull in the number of hurricanes that have stricken the North
Carolina coast in the past 20 years, the threat still exists; many say
that North Carolina is long overdue for a major storm. At the same
time, development along the coast has grown by leaps and bounds. Unless
this development is wisely located and built to withstand hurricane for-
ces, North Carolina's coastal communities will face massive destruction.
Local governments, as the primary protectors of the public health,
safety, and general welfare, have a responsibility to reduce the risk of
property damages and loss of life attending coastal development. They
also have a responsibility to ensure that reconstruction following a
major storm can occur quickly and leave the community safer from
disaster in the future. These are the goals of hazard mitigations and
reconstruction planning.
Hazard mitigation includes any activity which reduces the pro-
bability that a disaster will occur or minimizes the damage caused by a
disaster. Hazard mitigation includes not only managing development, but
also evacuation planning and other measures to reduce losses of life and
property. Reconstruction involves the full range of repair activities
in the wake of a disaster which seek to return the community to a'
"normal" level of operations."I
IMcElyea, et al, BEFORE THE STORM: Managing Development to Reduce
Hurricane Damage�,.Center for Urban and Regional Studies. UNC-CH -
August 84 - pg. ill IV-36

The purpose of this section of the Manteo Land Use Plan Update
is to indicate the policies of the Town with respect to a major storm.
1. Risks from Storm Damage
The areas of Manteo threatened by the impacts of a major storm
were discussed in some detail in Section IID. In general, the threat is
as follows:
Flooding: The large majority of the Town of Manteo is
classified by the Federal Flood Insurance Administration (FIA) as being
in an "A" zone. This area is subject to flooding by the "100 year"
storm event (i.e., the statistical probability of flooding is 1% in any
given year). Figure 6 shows the areas subject to flooding in a 100
year or 500 year storm event.
Winds: Manteo is a small place and so it is assumed that wind
speed in a major storm will be the same across all parts of the
community. Most of the community is heavily wooded and therefore while
falling trees and power lines could be a problem in a very large storm,
most structures are at least partially screened.
There are no "ocean hazard areas" "inlet hazard areas" or "V
zones" in the Town. There are some remnant wetlands and some estuarine
shoreline AECs and while these are more vulnerable areas, Manteo's loca-
tion within the protecting arms of Shallowbag Bag has in the past and
will in the future, serve to protect the community .from the fury of the
waters in the great sounds. Therefore, erosion/scour and wave
action/battering are not considered significant problems for Manteo.
It is important to remember that Manteo has stood on the same
site for over 100 years and that many of the buildings in the Town have
IV-37

been in place for nearly that long or longer. The Dare County
Courthouse, sitting as it has on the waterfront since 1910, is a signi-
'
testament
ficant to Manteo's protected nature.
The main storm problem in Manteo has always been flooding and
according to knowledgable residents and based on experiences with
Hurricane Gloria (Sept. 1985) flood waters tend to rise slowly, and
innundate the Town and then receed in the same way.
"magnitude
In terms of the of the risk, most of the Town's
residents and businesses are subject to the flooding hazard and everyone
is endangered by the high winds.
The 1980 census reported that there were 495 housing units
within the Manteo town limits. There have been nearly 100 new units
added since that time and there are additionally an estimated 100 struc-
tures used for commercial or institutional purposes in the Town.
About 45% of the housing predates 1960 but a majority of the
commercial structures - especially in the rapidly developing 64/264
corridor - have been built since 1975 and have therefore been
constructed more or less in accordance with newer building codes. The
estimated damages in town from Hurricane Glorial totaled $415,000.
This damage figure includes the loss by fire of the Ace Hardware Store
as well as any flood related damage. While this may not indicate the
potential impact of a very severe hurricane, it does demonstrate the
relatively protected environment in which the community exists.
ISource: N. C. Division of Emergency Mgmt. It should be recalled
that there was a major structure fire in Manteo during Gloria and that
this damage figure reflects that.
I VOR

2. Hazard Mitigation
In light of the nature and magnitude
of the risk
described in
'
the previous section, the Town of Manteo will
be treated as
one unit for
'
the purposes of mitigation of storm hazards.
Flooding and
high winds
are seen as the major problems and since virtually
all of
the Town is
isubject
to the same type and degree of risk,
no purpose is
achieved by
separating areas.
1
Objective
'
To provide reasonable protection to
the residents
and buildings
in the Town of Manteo from major storms.
1) The Town of Manteo will develop and adopt its own
Emergency Response Procedure designed to dovetail into and reinforce the
Dare County Emergency Response Plan. The responsibilities of Town
Officials before, during, and after the storm will be spelled out in
that document. A draft procedure is included as Appendix D.
2) The Town supports the establishment of reasonable flood
insurance elevations and will enforce flood insurance elevations which
are in effect.
3) The Town will require the tiedown of mobile homes within
the Town of Manteo and will support other aspects of the N. C. State
Building Code applicable to the minimization of flood and wind damage.
4) In the event of the declaration of a "Readiness Condition
#3" (hurricane watch) all boats berthed at the Town docks or moored in
proximity thereto will be moved to a safe location (i.e., up Dough's
Creek) or at a minimum to a location not immediately adjacent to
downtown Manteo.
IV-39

5) In the event of the declaration of "Readiness Condition 1"
(12 hours or less till landfall), the Town will make preparation for the
securing of its utility system. The general policies to be followed
during the storm include:
a) Sewage treatment system will be shut down when local
flooding begins.
b) Electrical power in the Town should be shut down. North
Carolina Power will be requested to do this.
c) Water system will remain on unless it appears that tank
level is dropping too low. In that event, water will be turned off so
as to conserve potable supply and to provide pressure for fire
supression. Dare County will be requested to maintain water service as
long as possible.
6) An information brochure describing the Town's policies and
advising residents of actions to take will be prepared and distributed.
3. Post Storm Recovery:
The term "disaster" is not a particularly accurate one to
describe the predicted impacts of a major storm on Manteo. Past
experience has shown that storm damage is usually limited to water
damage to structures, vehicles and landscaping, sediment deposition in
certain areas and wind destruction of trees, power lines, and roofs.
Major damage to buildings which renders them permanently unihabitable is
rare and normally therefore cleanup and reconstructure proceeds quickly.
Because of the Town's location and its layout, it is not con-
templated that any structures currently existing should be prohibited
from being rebuilt in the event of storm damage. Obviously, any struc-
IV-40

tures which are rebuilt would be required to conform to applicable sec-
tions of the building code, and this in itself should be sufficient to
minimize future damages. To the extent that a damaged structure was
non-comforming with the zoning ordinance and the Building Codes, its
reconstruction would be governed by those ordinances.
In the event of a major storm however, there will at a minimum
be a big mess and the Town feels the need to establish an organization
and some basic procedures to address that eventuality.
The following objective and policies are therefore established.
° Objective
To effectively respond immediately after a major storm to
restore Town services as quickly as possible and to address any problems
or issues which arise at that time.
1) The Town hereby establishes the Manteo Storm Recovery Team
comprised as follows:
a) Town Administrator - Team Leader
b) Designated member of the Town Board
c) Designated member of the Planning Board.
d) Town Building Inspector.
Ex officio members include Town Utilities Director, Town Street
Superintendent, Chief of Police, and Town Clerk.
2) This team is charged with the following:
IV-41

a) Assessing the damages caused by the storm and making
a preliminary and final report to the Town Board
b) Providing for the restoration of Town services as
quickly as possible.
c) Supervising the general cleanup of the Town and
responding to citizen concerns.
d) Recommending any needed emergency measures or
redevelopment standards to the Board.
e) Evaluating the Town's response to the storm and
recommending any needed changes in the "Procedures".
f) Cooperating with state, local, and private entities
involved in damage assessment and cleanup.
g) Other functions as assigned by the Town Board.
3) The Town will delay the issuance of building permits for
reconstruction or repair of major damage until the Storm Recovery Team
issues its report. Major repairs are those which cost more than 30% of
the value of the structure. The Recovery Team may recommend special
building provisions for structures with extensive damage.
4. Hurricane Evacuation Plan
Manteo is governed by the Dare County Hurricane Evacuation Plan
and this plan is discussed in some .detail in Section IIC. In general,
the plan appears adequate to handle the situation in Manteo. Under the
provisions of the Dare County Plan, the Town works closely with the
county to provide for evacuation and sheltering of residents and visi-
tors.
IV-42

The main impact on the evacuation of Dare County will be the
residents and visitors (particularly the visitors) on the beaches. The
population of Manteo is so small when compared to the potential number
of evacuatees from the beaches, that the Town's actions or now in the
future will have virtually no effect on the success of any evacuation.
It is recommended that in the development of the Dare County Land Use
Plan update, the issue of evacuation be carefully reviewed.
S. Re-entry
Re-entry to Manteo after a storm will be as provided by the
Dare County Plan.
IV-43
0

V. LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
A. INTRODUCTION
The land classification system provides a uniform way of looking at
how the planned use of land interacts with environmentally sensitive
areas and with the development of a county or town. It is not a strict
regulatory device in the sense of a zoning ordinance or zoning map. It
represents more of a tool to describe relationships between various
land use categories and the way these relationships help shape local
policy. Particular attention is focused on how intensely land is util-
ized and the level of services required to support that intensity. Land
classification is also useful in the staging of services necessary to
support development.
There are five general land use classifications, Developed,
Transition, Community, Rural, and Conservation. In applying the land
classification system, each local government should give careful con-
sideration to how, where, and when certain types of, and intensity of
development, will be either encouraged or discouraged. A brief summary
of the five broad classifications, as contained in the CAMA rules, might
illustrate this. For example: "urban land uses and higher intensity
uses which presently require the traditional urban services should be
directed to lands classified developed. Areas developing or anticipated
to develop at urban densities which will eventually require urban ser-
vices should be directed to lands classified transition. Low density
development in settlements which will not require sewer services should
be directed to areas classified as community. Agriculture, forestry,
V-1

mineral extraction and other similar low intensity uses and very low
density, dispersed residential uses should be directed to lands
classified rural. Generally, public or private water or sewer systems
will not be provided in areas classified rural as an incentive for
intense development." The conservation class provides for the effective
long-term management and protection of significant, limited, or
irreplaceable areas. Consequently, urban services (whether public or
private) should not be provided to those areas as an incentive to more
intense development.
Each of these classes must be represented on a Land Classification
Map.
B. APPLICATION OF LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM TO TOWN OF MANTEO.
A land classification map for the Town of Manteo is shown in Figure
11. From this map it is apparent than only two of the five land
classes, developed and conservation, apply within the Town.
As discussed previously and as shown on the Existing Land Use map
(Figure 3) the entirety of Manteo is developed. All parts of the Town
are served by the water and sewer system. The following describes the
two applicable classes in more detail and describes their relationship
to Manteo. The policies discussed on page IV-5 regarding development in
AECs should be reviewed in connection with this section.
V-2

m = = = w m m m ! m = = = = = m

1. Developed Class
The developed class of land use provides for continued inten-
sive development and redevelopment of existing cities or municipalities.
Areas to be classified as developed include lands currently developed
for urban purposes that are provided with usual municipal or public ser-
vices, police and fire protection. In other words, such areas must
currently be "urban" in character, i.e. have mixed land uses such as
residential, commercial, industrial and institutional, or other uses at
high to medium densities.
With the exception of areas designated as conservation, all of
Manteo within current Town limits falls into this class.
2. Conservation Class
The Conservation Class of lands provides for effective long-
term management of significant, limited, or irreplaceable resources.
Examples of lands classed as conservation include major wetlands;
essentially undeveloped shorelands that provide necessary habitat con-
ditions (especially for remnant species); pocosins or publicly owned
water supply watersheds and aquifers.
Within Manteo, all of the remaining coastal wetlands, the
estuarine waters and the estuarine shorelines are designated as
conservation areas. This designation does not mean "non-use" but it
does mean that many uses should not be allowed and that appropriate uses
should be managed carefully.
C. RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES AND LAND CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
The policies adopted as part of this plan directly support the
intent and purpose of the Land Classification System.
' V-4
I

Lands classified for development are addressed in the policy
section by virtually every issue and the cumulative purpose of all these
policies is to make the Town of Manteo more viable and livable.
The conservation areas are also addressed frequently. Issues
and policies in the plan address such things as use standards and
allowable uses for AECs, removal of sewage discharges, stormwater pollu-
tion abatement, and compatibility with important cultural sites.
V-5

VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY
This bibliography is organized alphabetically by author or agency.
While most sources are represented here, there are some more generic
documents which do not appear.
Andrews, Miller and Assoc. Water and Sewerage Feasibility Study,
Town of Manteo, N. C., Cambridge, M ., Jan. 1976,
Aztec Associates. Soil Exploration and En ineering Analysis, Water
and Sewerage System Improvements, Town of Manteo, N.C., Norfolk, Va.,
Booz-Allen & Hamilton, Inc, Dare County Carrying Capacity Study,
Proposed Development Scenarios, Bethesda Md „ Jul, 1985,
Booz-Allen & Hamilton, Inc. Dare County Carrying Capacity Study -
(Description of Existing Conditions , Bethesda, Md. Nov. 1985.
Booz-Allen & Hamilton, Inc. Dare County Service Requirements and
Development Options, Cost Report, Bethesda, Md., March 1986.
Dare County Board of Commissioners, Land Use Plan Update, Manteo, N.
C., March, 1982.
Dare County Emergency Management Agency, Dare County Hurricane
Evacuation Plan, Mante, N. C. May, 1977 (Revised Aug., 1983).
Federal Emergency Management Agency, Questions and Answers on the
National Flood Insurance Program, Washington, D.C. Feb. 83.
Federal Emergency Management Agency, Flood Insurance Study, Town of
Manteo, N. C., Washington, D. C., December 1985.
Manteo, N. C., Town of, Coastal Area Management Act, Land Use Plan
1981 for the Town of Manteo, N. C. Manteo, N. C., Aug. 1981.
Manteo, N. C., Town of. Code of Laws, Charter and Charter Related
Acts, Manteo. Undated.
Manteo, N. C., Town of. Zoning and Development Ordinance, Manteo,
N. C. Aug. 1982.
McDowell -Jones, P.A. Stormwater Management Plan for the Town of
Manteo, N. C. Elizabeth City, N. C. Ju y 82.
VI-1

I
I
CI
McElyea, W. D., Brower, D. J. Godschalk, D. R. Before the Storm,
nagi Mang Development to Reduce Hurricane Damages, Chapel Hill, N. C.,
Aug. 1984.
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of
Archives and History, Underwater Archeology Unit, A Cultural Resource
Evaluation of Submerged Lands Affected b the 400t Anniversary
Cele ration, Manteo, N. C., Kure Beach, N. C. Nov. 1983.
North Carolina Department of Human Resources, Division of Health
Svcs, Shellfish Sanitation Program, Re ort of SanitarySurvey,Roanoke
Sound Area, Morehead City, N. C. Ju y 1984.
North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development, Division of Coastal Management, Miscellaneous Rules
, N. G., various
North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development, Division of Coastal Management. A Guide to Protecting
Coastal Waters Through Local Planning, Raleigh, N. C. May 1986.
North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development, A Handbook for Develo ment in North Carolina's Coastal
Areas, Raleig , C. Aug. 985.
North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development, Division of Environmental Management: Miscellaneous Rule
Regulations, and Guidelines Affectin as Management and Water
Qua ,ty Protection, Ra eigh, N. C., Various dates.
North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development, Coastal Development and Shellfish Waters, Raleigh, N. C.,
April 1985.
North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development, Division of Forest Resources, Urban Forestry Report, Town
of Manteo, N. C., Raleigh, N. C., Nov. 1980.
North Carolina Department of
Groundwater Division, Potential
Island and the Dare County Beach
North Carolina
rOJeCL UeSGrI L10n-
a eigh, N. C., Date
Natural and Economic Resources,
round -water SUDDlies for Roanok
eign, N. U., iyiz.
of Transportation, Division of Highways,
FA RnannVa gniind Rridna Ranlaramant_
North Carolina Department of Transportation, Division of Highways:
Manteo Traffic Operations and Parking Study, 1981, Raleigh, N. C., Dec.
1981.
VI-2
I

North Carolina Department of Transportation, Doughs Creek
Environmental Assessment, Raleigh, N. C., March 1982.
North Carolina State University, School of Design, Survey of
n-_ -O _ M _- e_- \I_-1--1 -
C
gn, N. U. uec.
North Carolina State University,
Two of a Plan for Manteo's Future De
North Carolina State University,
e of a Plan for Manteo's Future
eiopment, xaieign, N. c., uec.
Guide for Development, Public Report
ievelopment, Manteo, N. C.,
North Carolina State University, Office of the State Climatologist
on Rainfall and Wind Conditions-Manteo Airport, Calendar Year 198
ig , N. C., 1976.
North Carolina State University, Water Resources Research Institute.
Land Treatment of Wastewater-5 Reports, Raleigh, N. C., Aug. 1983.
Outer Banks Chamber of Commerce, Economic and Demographic
Information Package, Kitty Hawk, N. C., 1985.
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District, Report on the
Tropical Hurricane of September 1960 (Donna), Wilmington, N. C.,
April 1961.
U.S.D.A., Soil Conservation Service, Soil Survey of the Outer
Banks, North Carolina, Jun. 1977.
U.S.D.A., Soil Conservation Service, Soil Survey of Roanoake Island,
N. C., unpublished.
U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Various Census
Reports, 1980 Census of Population, North Carolina. Washington, D. C.,
Various dates.
VI-3

TOWN OF MANTEO
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
SECTION VII
APPENDICES
MARCH, 1987

VII APPENDICES
A. Implementation Status of Manteo 1981 Land Use Plan
B. Initial Public Information Sheet
C. Memo on Results of Public Survey
D. Draft Town Emergency Response Procedure

APPENDIX A
IMPLEMENTATION OF ADOPTED POLICIES
1981 Manteo Land Use Plan
The purpose of this analysis is to provide information to the Town
of Manteo regarding the status of the plan adopted by the Town in 1981.
In general, many of the major projects mentioned in the plan have been
completed or are underway. As plans go, this is not a bad testament.
The analysis is organized --as was the plan --by goal and policy.
GOAL 1: DEVELOP A NEW PURPOSE FOR THE DOWNTOWN
Objective 1: Develop Low Key Tourism Downtown
Policy Implementation Status
A. Overall Tourist Strategy ° Apparently developed
B. Theme ° Developed
C. Interagency forum ° Not apparently successful
D. Publicity ° Some for special events - no evidence
of use of theme
E. Information Sheets ° Not apparent
F. Signs to Downtown ° In place
Objective 2: Assist Existing Businesses by recruiting new
businesses to downtown.
Policy Implementation Status
A. Business Association ° Not yet established
B. New Businesses ° Some (slow going)
C. Downtown Inn ° Not yet - still discussed
D. Public facilities ° Many in place, more coming
A-1

GOAL 2: PRESERVE AND ENHANCE THE CHARACTER OF MANTEO THROUGH
COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING FOR THE
TOWN'S FUTURE
Objective 1: Upgrade the
Appearance of the Waterfront
Policy
Implementation Status
A.
Boat Ramp
One in place
B.
Waterfront Development
Underway - good progress
C.
Boardwalk
Completed
D.
Community facilities
Most never materialized
E.
Marina
More docks coming
Objective 2: Protect Residential Neighborhoods
Policy
Implementation Status
A.
Old Town neighborhood
Zoning in place but much commercial
zoning in "Old Town"
B.
Natural Hazards
Ongoing
C.
Preservation Commission
Never happened
D.
Street Access
Apparently complete
E.
Zoning conflicts
Still occurring - rezoning never
occurred.
F.
Zoning Process
Ongoing
Objective 3: Minimize the
Automobile's Impact in the Town
Policy
Implementation Status
A.
Circulation Plan
Not done
B.
Alternative Transport
Not done now
C.
Separation of Tourist
No separation occurs
and Town Parking
D.
Development of Hwy 64
Some success
A-2

Objective 4: Encourage a Citizen Participation in Town Plannin
Policy
Implementation Status
A.
Annual Review
°
Not done now
B.
Citizen Committees
°
Not done now
C.
Community Meetings
°
Not done now
D.
Planning Team
°
Done
E.
Teenagers
°
Done
F.
Elderly
°
Done
G.
Handicapped
°
Done
H.
Low income & minorities
°
Not done now
I.
Draft Review
°
Done
J.
Review of Goals
°
Not done now
K.
Education
°
Not done now
L.
Current Plans and Regul.
°
Most available
Objective 5: Blend Local
and
Visitor Activity
Policy
Implementation Status
A.
Annual Review
°
Not done now
B.
Double Function
°
Not done now
Objective 6: Maintain the
Friendly Small Town Atmosphere of Manteo
Policy
Implementation Status
A.
Day Visitor Facilities
°
None apparent
B.
Types of Development
°
Zoning allows all uses in commercial
zones
C.
Location of Development
°
See zoning ordinance
D.
Timing of Development
°
Not relevant
E.
Densities
°
More or less
F.
Agric. Open Space
°
Not relevant
A-3

Objective 7: Preserve Natural Resources and Rural Areas in and
around Manteo
Policy Implementation Status
A. Estuarine Waters ° Apparently OK
B. Coastal Wetlands ° Apparently OK
C. Public Trust Areas ° Apparently OK
D. Estuarine Shorelines ° Apparently OK
E. Fragile Areas
° Preserve unrestricted views ° Not successful
° Oppose land use changes ° Ongoing
° Acquire extraterretorial juris. ° Not successful
GOAL 3: IMPROVE COMMUNITY SERVICES TO RESIDENTS OF MANTEO
Objective 1: Improve and
Maintain Quality of Streets and Sidewalks
Policy
Implementation Status
A.
Inventory
° Apparently done
B.
Priorities
° Some followed
C.
Hwy 64 sidewalks
° Some constructed
D.
Street trees
° Plan done
Objective 2: Provide for
Low Income Housing
Policy
Implementation Status
A.
C D B G
° None
B.
Neighborhood Association
° Not apparent
C.
Self Help Projects
° Not apparent
A-4

Objective 3: Initiate Community Dog Control Policies
Policy Implementation Status
A. Public Information ° Not apparent
B. Bad Dog ° Not apparent
Objective 4: Develop vocational training opportunities
A. Vocational training ° Not apparent
B. Survey ° Not apparent
Objective 5: Make use of Existing Facilities and Local Groups to
Minimize Public Expenditures
No Policy Statements
Objective 6: Expand and Improve Health Care Facilities
Policy
Implementation
Status
Provide
Information
° Unknown
Objective 7: Improve the
Quality of Law Officials
Policy
Implementation
Status
Complain
to Board
° Happens infrequently
Objective 8: Minimize the
damage from hurricanes
and floods
A.
Flood Insurance Standards
° In force
B.
Evacuation Plan
° Available
Objective 9: Develop Alternative Energy Sources
Policy
Implementation
Status
A.
Information
° Not apparent
B.
1985 Review
° Not done
C.
No Nukes
° Not yet
A-5

GOAL 4: CELEBRATE THE QUADRICENTENNIAL OF THE FIRST ROANOKE COLONIES IN
MANTEO
Objective 1: Build and Dock the Elizabeth II in Manteo
Policy Implementation Status
A. Construction ° Done
B. Location ° Ship in Place
C. Waterfront ° Done
Objective 2: Observe Key Historical Events Through Distinguished
Ceremonies
Policy Implementation Status
A. Hold Events ° Ongoing
B. Location ° Some in Manteo
C. Coordination ° Assumed
Objective 3: Establish an Annual Anglo-American Folk Festival in
Manteo
Policy Implementation Status
A. Cooperation ° Unknown
B. Acquire Iceplant Island ° Done
GOAL 5: DEVELOP A MORE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE COMMUNITY
Objective 1: Provide Opportunities for More Jobs Through Increased
Commercial Development
Policy Implementation Status
A. Commercial Recruitment ° Not active
B. Governor's Award ° Nice while it lasted
C. Commercial Sites 0Available
D. Urban Services ° Available
A-6

Objective 2: Stabilize and Diversify Tax Base
Policy Implementation Status
A. Sales Tax Allocation ° Unknown
B. Small Industries ° Slow going
C. Building Sites ° Available
GOAL 6: PROVIDE RECREATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL RESIDENTS
Objective 1: Provide a Teen Center
- Not established
Objective 2: Provide Parks and Recreation for Manteo Residents of
all
Ages
Policy
Implementation Status
A.
Waterfront
° Done and ongoing
B.
Lauada Church
° Park developed
Objective 3:
Provide a Beach or Other Water Related Recreation Area
Policy
Implementation Status
'
A.
Acquisition
° Done
B.
Plans
° Ongoing
II
A-7
U

01 own of Manten
TOWN OF MANTEO
LANDUSE PLAN UPDATE
Four Ilundredlh Anniversary Celebration
1984 — 1987
The Manteo Town Board and the Planning and Zoning Commission are updating
the Town's landuse and development plan. The update is being carried out with
the assistance of Dean Moss and Associates, a planning consulting firm from
Clayton, North Carolina.
The purpose of the update is to assess the progress made since the last
plan was done (1980), and to plan for the Town's growth and improvement during
the next 10 years.
Manteo is the county seat of one of the fastest growing counties in North
Carolina. While the heaviest present growth is taking place in the beach com-
munities, Roanoke Island serves as the focal point for the county and its
natural beauty, water access and historic significance make it an area where
growth pressures will ultimately be very heavy. A large development has
recently been proposed for an area immediately adjacent to Manteo and the Town
must fully address the implications of this and the other developments
expected in the future.
While the Plan update is required by the North Carolina Coastal Area
Management Act, the town is utilizing the opportunity to make a full analysis
of its current situation and to address several specific issues of -immediate
or future concern, including: downtown area parking, dock improvements,
development of a beach, sewage plant improvements and hurricane emergency
planning.
The Town is committed to developing a plan which is publicly acceptable
and implementable. To accomplish these goals the Town Board has directed Mr.
Moss to work closely with all the citizens and groups in the community.
Public participation will be solicited through surveys, meetings and personal
interviews and conversations.
The planning will first concentrate on the collection of information and
after February will shift to an emphasis on the presentation and discussion of
alternatives. Final proposals will be made to the P & Z commission and the
Town Board during the summer.
' We encourage your participation if you have questions, or want to voice
your concerns, contact Cay Hackney at 473-2133 or Dean Moss at 553-4282
(Clayton).
V.0. +'nx 246 _4Hanten. Xorth Crurolinn 27954 01 de#lhone 919-473-2133

APPEA-)Dix -G
DEAN MOSS & ASSOCIATES
Natural Resources Planning, Project Management and Government Relations
MEMORANDUM
TO: Mayor and Board of Commissioners
Chairman and Planning Board Members
Town of Manteo
FROM: Dean Moss, Planning Consultant��
SUBJECT: Results of Survey of Town of Manteo
DATE: March 17, 1986
1. I have completed an analysis of the survey forms returned to Town Hall
and the attached materials describe the results on a question by question
basis.
2. Forty-two questionnaires were returned to Town Hall as of February 27,
1986 and these have been analyzed. This represents an 8% return on the 533
questionnaires mailed out.
3. All of the respondents were white and were split about equally between
male and female. The large majority of respondents were residents and
homeowners. Most were employed fulltime although a number of retired people
also responded. The respondents were divided in age with 17 reporting their
age between 20 and 40, 14 between 41 and 60 and 12 older than 61. Only 8 of
those responding reported having school age children.
4. Some respondents answered all of the questions, some answered only a
few. Many of the respondents made comments and suggestions.
5. While the answers and comments described below represent only a small
' fraction of the Town's population, there are a wide range of opinions pre-
sented. There are some issues about which the respondents clearly feel
generally the same way and there are some on which opinions differ.
6. The small response rate precludes the use of this questionnaire as a
policy making tool. However, it does provide important insights into things
which citizens of Manteo are concerned about. I recommend that the results of
this questionnaire be publicized and that it be discussed by both the Board of
Commissioners and the Planning Board during the process of identifying formal
planning issues and setting planning objectives.
' P. O. BOX 496 0 CLAYTON, N. C. 27520 • PHONE (919), 663-4282
C - 1

Results of Survey
Page 2
March 17, 1986
7. The_attached.materials describe the answers and comments given in
response to each question on the questionnaire. In brief, the following can
be concluded from the answers received. This may or may not represent a con-
sensus of Town opinions.
a) There seems to be general agreement (80%) that the growth which
has occurred in Manteo has been a good thing. The respondents feel that
important benefits include more jobs, more shopping opportunities and an
improved downtown. Some people are concerned however, particularly about
traffic and a change in the small town feeling. The Town gets mixed reviews
for its actions in dealing with the Town's growth.
' b) The same proportion of respondents seems to favor future growth
and in general they feel that the growth should occur downtown, on the high-
way, and on the vacant land in town. The majority of those responding felt
' that long range planning, restrictions on development, acquisition of land for
parking and extensions of the water and sewer system were important things for
the Town to do.
c) Most respondents (74%) would favor removing the Town's wastewater
discharge from Shallowbag Bay and over 60% said that they would be willing to
pay more for sewer service to make that happen. Eighty-eight percent (88%)
felt that new discharges should be kept out of the Bay. Several respondents
commented about the inconsistency between beach development and continued
discharge.
d) As a single subject, parking raised the most comments. Many
respondents apparently feel that downtown parking is currently inadequate and
several recommended that improved parking lots be developed. The locations
suggested were generally those parcels which serve as parking now but which
have been committed by the Town to other uses. There was general opposition
to parking meters on the streets but some support for limiting the time that
someone could park. Sixty-nine percent (69%) of the respondents supported
town acquisition of lands for parking and virtually everyone felt that
developers should provide parking for new developments. Most people would not
be willing to pay for parking but 40% indicated a willingness to pay if the
parking was always available.
e) Most respondents thought that docking fees should be the basis
for town dock maintenance.
f) A slim majority felt that underground utilities were a good thing
but most would not be willing to pay more for them. The waterfront is the
area of town where some respondents felt that underground utilities were most
important.
g) Most respondents (86%) supported a uniform street numbering
program and most said they wouldn't mind a change in their current address.
C-2.

I
' Results of Survey
Page 3
March 17, 1986
II
h) Seventy-six percent (76%) of those responding would support using
town funds to develop a town beach on Ice Plant Island. Again the incon-
sistency of this proposal with continued wastewater discharge was noted by
several people.
i) Most respondents feel that a Teen Center is still a need,
although it was noted that careful supervision and structured activities would
be required.
j) Over 50 comments were made concerning issues and ideas that the
Town should consider, these are listed on the attached sheet.

1. Mailed out
2. Received back
3. Characteristics of Respondents
°
All
white -
No Blacks Responded
°
20
Males -
20 Females - 2 couples
°
34
Indicated
Residency
°
29
Indicated
Home Ownership
°
8
Indicated
Children in School
°
27
Indicated
Fulltime Employment
°
11
Indicated
Retirement
°
3
Indicated
Homemaker
°
1
Indicated
Other
°
17
Indicated
Age 20 - 40
°
13
Indicated
Age as 40 - 60
°
12
Indicated
Age as 60+
4. Answers and Comments
MANTEO QUESTIONNAIRE
Compilation of Responses
533
42 ' (8%)
1. The
pace of life in Manteo and on Roanoke
Island has picked up in the last five years. New building is occurring and new
' people
are arriving.
L
a.
Has this been a y
good thing from our
ers ective?
perspective?
Yes 34 No 9
_
b.
If yes, then what positive effects do
you feel this has had?
More jobs? 26
More shopping opportunities? 28—
More things to do? --IS—
Improved downtown? — 23—'
—6—
Other?
c.
If no, then what negative effects?
More traffic? 1s
More noise? --9—
More strangers? --'�
Less of a small town feeling? — fU—
d.
Do you think the Town has done all it
can to deal with the
negative effects? Yes 14 No 16
e.
what else could it have done? See comments below
Comments: Growth has beautified Town and
improved tax base.
Development could have been done
more quickly.
Town should have planned for more parking.

No M = W
Comments: (continued)
IM W W W r= M A M= M= M
Let services catch up with growth.
Improved parking needed.
Liquor by the drink important.
Need cooperation on Board.
Growth a mixed blessing.
Traffic light at Shopping Center.
Downtown highrise a mistake.
More marinas needed.
Historic district needed.
Maintain streets, parks and trees.
Hire enough personnel.
Current quality of life declining.
Move Post Office to Highway.
More litter from growth
Improve standards of Town operations.
Hospital needed.
Need professional staff.
Start welcoming outsiders.
Liquor by the drink.
More downtown parking.
More places to live.
2. Some people project that growth and development in the Manteo area will continue to occur and perhaps will increase.
n a. Do you think that more growth in and around Manteo is a good idea? Yes 33 No 8
b. Do you favor: 1. More commercial development on US 64? 24
2. More commercial development downtown? "-3T-
3. More and denser residential development 26
on undeveloped land in Town?
4. More and denser development on undeveloped 16
land along the sound?
5. Mobile home developments? 12
6. Marinas? -2u
7. More tourist oriented attractions? —fS-
8. More apartments and condominiums? -f4—
c. What things should the Town be doing to prepare for the growth which may come?
Actions
Long range planning
35 Important
6 Not
So
Important
1 Should
Not
Do
Restrictions on development
'-ZT- Important
-TT" Not
So
Important
'--I- Should
Not
Do
Acquire land for parks
-?4- Important
-23- Not
So
Important
"5- Should
Not
Do
Acquire land for parking
-7S- Important
'"TI- Not
So
Important
= Should
Not
Do
Enlar&e sewer & water system
= Important
-I Not
So
Important
-3Should
Not
Do
Reactivate Town water supply
= Important
-I8' Not
So
Important
- 6 Should
Not
Do
Annex adjacent land
-= Important
= Not
So
Important
-TT Should
Not
Do
Raise fees for services
-J Important
"22- Not
So
Important
-f"t- Should
Not
Do
Raise taxes
--2r' Important
IS Not
So
Important
20 Should
Not
Do
Fees for new water & sewer hookups
'T/ Important
V
-t8" Not
So
Important
- 7 Should
Not
Do
Other Actions? See comments below

.r = 1=11 = rr = 1=1 M " Mll r r = M IM = 1=1 M M
n
t
c
Comments: New commercial development should raise tax base.
County should go to Alligator River for water.
Street signs needed in newly annexed areas.
Liquor by the drink needed.
Growth should slow but not stop.
Need Town planner.
Maintain cemetery
Increase tax base not taxes.
Keep adequate parking downtown.
Make growth pay own way.
Annexation important.
Less dense residential development.
Oppose corridor commission restrictions.
Annex Mother Vineyard + Pirates Cove.
Public transportation needed.
3. The
Town currently discharges treated sewage to Shallowbag Bay. The new
half Some
sewer plant will
start operating this
winter and will
remove
about of what is currently discharged. have suggested
that all the treated
sewage should be
taken from the bay.
a.
Do you think this is a good idea?
Yes 31 Doesn't
Really matter 6
b.
Would you be willing to pay more for sewer service to make this happen?
Yes 27 No 10
C.
Do you think that other discharges from new developments should be
allowed into
the bay?
Yes 4 No 37
Comments:
New discharges ok if controlled.
Sewage and beach will not coexist.
4. The
lack of adequate parking in the downtown area has long been seen as
a problem. What
do you think of the following ideas
for
addressing that problems
a.
Place parking meters on the streets?
Good idea
6 Bad idea 32
b.
Limit parking to a short period?
Good idea
23 Bad idea 14
C.
Town purchase or condemn property and make a parking lot.
Good idea
29 Bad idea 9
d.
Make developers guarantee enough parking for housing or commercial
development
Good idea
40 Bad idea 1
e.
Do you have other ideas? See comments below
f. Would you be willing to pay for parking if it were always available and close to
downtown? Yes 17 No 24

M
Comments:
Mark parking lot across from Post Office.
Parking lot near Old Ben Franklin.
Repair and mark lot across from Post Office.
Limited parking time only in small area around shops.
Keep current parking lots.
Pave lot across from Post Office for free parking - meters on street.
Longer term parking needed for employees in Town.
Ice Plant Island parking for downtown employees.
Toll booths at town entrance $100.00 toll.
Use meters in lots.
Relocate some facilities to ease congestion.
County and employers should provide downtown parking for employees.
Parking not such a bad problem.
Parking should be a cooperative effort between Town, County, and businesses.
Stacked parking a good idea.
Acquire land for parking.
Remove Town Hall parking limits.
Need parking garage.
Annual sticker for residents.
5. The Town
docks and boat ramp on Dough's Creek need repair and regular maintenance. How should this
be paid for?
a. Out
of tax revenues?
Yes 13 No 23
b. Out
of docking fees?
Yes 37 No 3
C. Should
non -town residents have to pay p a special fee to launch a boat?
Yes 25 No 17
�
1 Comments:
No short term docking fee.
Use tax revenues only if necessary.
Make Hollowell pay.
6. Underground utilities would remove electrical, telephone and TV cable wires from poles over the streets.
required for new development.
a. Do you think this would be a good thing to do in other parts of town.
b. Would you be willing to pay a higher utility bill for a while to make this happen?
d. Should only certain areas of the Town
be done? Yes 9 what areas? See comments below
Comments: New construction only.
New developments.
Burnside Rd. to N. C. Power offices.
Downtown Waterfront.
Whole Town.
New areas.
Underground Utilities - where no concrete or paving.
E. of 64 should be underground.
This is currently
Yes 22 No 18
Yes 16 No 25
No 26

n
7.
Do you think a uniform street numbering system would be a good
thing to have?
Yes 36
No
5
8.
Would you mind if it changed your current street address?
Yes 8
No
31
9.
A Town Beach has been suggested as a good idea.
An area near
the visitor center
across Dough's Creek has been set
aside
for
that purpose. Would you support using local funds
to develop a
Town Beach in that
location?
Yes 32
No
9
Comments: Beaches won't mix with sewage effluent
discharge.
10.
In the 1980 Survey, a teen center was cited as a
real need for
the community.
a. Does that need still exist?
Yes 26
No
14
Comments: If patrolled * adults responsible.
Use schools and churches.
Town can't afford.
11.
Finally some questions about you. Are you:
a. Male
24
Female 20
b.
Black 0
White 42
c.
Resident of the Town
34
d.
A homeowner
29
e.
Employed full time
27
Unemployed in winter
-
Retired
IT'
Homemaker
�'-
Other
r—
f.
Do you have school age
children In your family
12. What other projects would you like to see this plan address?
See attached list of comments.
8

1.
2.
'
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
1.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
'
25.
26.
2.
28.
29.
30.
3.
_ 32.
33.
3.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
4.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
I
MANTEO QUESTIONNAIRE
FINAL COMMENTS
Need good town map for police.
Need file card for police with businesses name.
Need hospital in area.
Post Office should be moved to highway.
Board of Educ. Bldg. should be moved.
Lot across from Post Office should be Park.
Teen Center in old Fooderama Bldg.
Wants Barlow ditch cleared - wants uncontained
Need new business downtown (drug/groc stores).
Recreation sites on Bay should be developed.
Upscale mobile parks for retirees needed.
Do better job of regulating new development.
trash picked up.
Use common sense.
Incorporate all of Dare County as one municipality.
Paid firemen are needed.
Need public park for all town and island children.
Motel plus groc. tax (1%).
Need special areas and activities for seniors.
Bike paths needed.
Need planning to preserve small town character.
Supports Teen Center if no dope dealing.
More need for inexpensive but nice housing.
Historic District Zoning.
Cemetery maintenance.
Public Beach.
Waterfront development incentives.
Full service marina plus docks.
Advertising plus promotion of docking
More town sponsored events.
Sidewalks extended.
Publish survey results.
Need good development.
Hire parks superintendent.
Improve streets and sidewalks.
Street cleaning.
New street lights in annexed areas.
Limit 64 development - keep trees.
Water conservation - water source heat
Town bldgs. should be near highway.
Merchants Association a good idea.
Tap retired talent.
Need some drawing card downtown.
Rework zoning ordinance.
Opposes Town spending for docks.
Change water bills to 30 days payment.
Enforce sewage hookup requirement.
services.
pumps use shallow GW.
Town should sponsor events to raise charity money.
Need structured activities for youth.
C -9

IFinal Comments (continued)
I
11
II
II
1
I
II
I
49. Need downtown attractions.
50. Need liquor by the drink.
51. Improve Town docks.
52. Entertainment downtown.
53. Library on Iceplant Island.
54. More Elizabeth II interaction.
55. Landscaping plus upkeep of waterfront.
56. Enforce zoning.
57. Encourage cruises and boat tours to Manteo.
C 10

APPENDIX D
TOWN OF MANTEO
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PROCEDURE
DRAFT
July 1, 1986
D-1

Town of Manteo
Emergency Opeations Procedure
NOTE:
This draft procedures document is a redraft of the document prepared
for you by Cay Hackney in December 1985. It is generally conistent with
the policies in the plan. Absolute consistency can be achieved later.
In light of the approach of hurricane season, I recommend that this
be scheduled for debate and adoption quickly.
11
IA
II
II
I 1
II
It

TOWN OF MANTEO, N. C.
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PROCEDURE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION
TITLE
PAGE
I.
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. D-3
II.
Scope and Composition . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. D-3
III.
Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. D-3
IV.
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. D-3
V.
Organizational Chart . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. D-4
VI.
General Listing of Responsibilities
- Emergency Operations Team . .
. . . . . . .
D-5
VII.
General Concept of Emergency Operations
. . . . . . . .
. D-7
VIII.
General Emergency Procedures . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. D-8
Phase One - Pre -emergency phase .
. . . . . . . .
. D-8
Phase Two - Emergency phase . . .
. . . . . . . .
. D-9
Phase Three - Post -emergency phase
. . . . . .
. D-9
Damage Assessment Team . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. D-10
IV.
Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
.
A. Threat preparation for: . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
.
1. Hurricane
2. Flood Map
3. Winter storm
B. Telephone Numbers . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
. D-11
C. Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
.
REA

TOWN OF MANTEO, N. C.
EMERGENCY OPERATION PROCEDURES
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this document is to establish policies and guidelines
to be followed by Town of Manteo officials during emergency situations,
thereby preventing or lessening the effect of disasters on the people
and property in the Town. The adoption of these procedures also lessens
the confusion on the roles and responsibilities of employees, the Board
of Commissioners, and other involved agencies.
II. SCOPE AND COMPOSITION
These emergency operation procedures are designed for use in all
natural and man-made disasters. These procedures are intended to
compliment the Dare County Disaster Relief and Assistance Plan which
takes precedence over these procedures. Should any of these procedures
conflict with any part of the Dare County Plan, Manteo's procedures will
be abandoned and the county plan adhered to.
These emergency operation procedures are designed to be a basic plan
which provides general guidance and resources in coping with particular
threats which exist in the Town.
III. AUTHORITIES
GS-166-2 Responsibilities for Civil Preparedness
Dare County State of Emergency Ordinance
Town of Manteo Code of Law
Town of Manteo Personnel Manual
IV. REFERENCE
Dare County Disaster Relief and Assistance Plan
D-3

TOWN OF MANTEO
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
Town Commissioners
Mayor
Town Administrator H Town Building
I I Inspector
Police Chief I Town Clerk Public Works
Superintendent
Officers (3) Water Clerk/ Water/Sewer Supervisor
Receptionist Assistant Streets and
Sanitation
Laborers (2 1/2)
D-4

VI.
GENERAL LISTING OF RESPONSIBILITIES - EMERGENCY TEAM
A.
Mayor - Emergency Operations Director
1.
Serves as liaison between the Board and Emergency Coordinator
2.
Is available by radio or telephone throughout all phases
3.
Directs the Town's response through coordinator
4.
Coordinates procedures and county disaster actions
B.
Town
Administrator - Emergency Coordinator
1.
Serves as advisor to the Board
2.
Available by radio, telephone or physically located at opera-
tions center through all phases
3.
Directs employees during all phases and oversees actions
4.
Directs the operations center
5.
Furnishes regular reports to mayor and board
6.
Acts as public information officer as directed by board
7.
Makes decisions as to location of town resources
8.
Creates and maintains resource manual of supplies and equipment
available for emergency purposes
C.
Police Chief - Law Enforcement Officer, Transportation and Supply
1.
Carries out routine law enforcement duties
2.
Available throughout all phases by radio or telephone
3.
Maintains list of 4-wheel drive vehicles, boats, radio
operators
4.
Responsible for board approved checklist
D.
Town
Clerk - Public Records Officer
1.
Responsible for acquiring, maintaining and submitting records
of damage
2.
On duty at operations center immediately following emergency
3.
Responsibility for preserving necessary town records
4.
Responsible for board approved checklist
D-5

E. Public Works Superintendent - Emergency Water and Sewer Officer
1. Primarily responsible for continuation and repair of water and
sewer services to the Town
2. Available by radio, telephone or at Operations Center through
all phases
3. Ensures water supply for fire fighting purposes
4. Maintains equipment to emergency readiness
5. Responsible for training assistant to act in his absence
6. Responsible for assuring water in ground tank is safe and
assessible to fire fighters
7. Responsible for creating and maintaining board approved
checklist.
8. Responsible for creating and maintaining board approved
checklist.
F. Streets and Sanitation Supervisor - Public Property Officer
1. Responsible for all town property and parks during pre and post
emergency phases
2. Available by radio, telephone through all phases of emergency
3. Responsible for board approved checklist
G. Building Inspector
1. Responsible for damage assessment in post -emergency phase.
2. Available by radio or telephone immediately following emergency.
3. Works with public works superintendent and streets supervisor
to assess damages to Town property.
4. Inspects damages to private property and has authority to
restrict re-entry to damaged structures.
5. Prepares reports for coordinator and records officer.
H.

VII. GENERAL
CONCEPT,OF EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
A.
General Preparedness
1.
Prevention of disasters
2.
Planning for emergency response
3.
Public Education
B.
Phase One Pre -emergency
1.
Warning of officials, employees, citizens
2.
Evacuation as needed
3.
Preparations for pending emergency
C.
Phase Two During Emergency
1.
Maintenance of public safety and order
2.
Response to specific situations
3.
Continuity of planned services
D.
Phase Three Post -emergency
1.
Maintenance of public safety and order
2.
Damage assessment
3.
Cleanup and restoration of services
4.
Evaluation and reporting
5.
Revisions to town codes and procedures as needed

VIII. GENERAL EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
Following are general procedures for consideration during an
emergency. Specific checklists are the responsibiity of each member of
the Emergency Operations Team. (See Appendix)
A. Phase One - Pre -emergency Phase
Stage 1 - 72 hours
1. Check emergency checklists for completion
2. Assess status of all employees
3. Assess readiness of all equipment and supplies
Stage 2 - 24 hours
4. Notify all employees of duty status
5. . Update telephone numbers
6. Consider notice of housing availability
7. Consider notice of housing availability
B. Consider notice of transportation assistance
Stage 3 - 12 hours
9. Gas all town vehicles, organize gear, equipment
10. Move any town property out of threat area
11. Secure benches, trash cans, loose objects
Stage 4 - 8 hours
12. Secure town buildings (tape windows, etc.)
13. Prepare for damage assessment
14. Activate emergency control center at Town Hall
on

B. Phase Two - Emergency Phase (landfall of threat)
1. Monitor water availability - fire fighting concerns
2. Monitor sewage function, effect of loss of power
3. Implement agreed upon control measures
C. Phase Three - Post Emergency Phase
Stage 1 - 12 hours
1. Check on re-establishment of power, water, sewer
2. Implement damage assessment plan
3. Check storm drains, clean
4. Clean large limbs, refuse from streets
5. Consider notice of transportation assistance
6. Meet deadlines for reports to county
Stage 2 - 24 hours
7. Clean-up continues, brush removal
8. Return trash cans, dumpsters, etc.
Stage 3 - 48 hours
9. Reports from operations team due to coordinator
Stage 4 - 72 hours
10. Evaluation of emergency response
11. Re -supply of emergency material
M1•

TOWN OF MANTEO, N. C.
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT TEAM
Town Administrator - Team Leader
Town Clerk - Records
Commission Member
Planning Board Member
Building Inspector
Local citizens as needed
Contractor or Civil Engineer
Realtor
Fire Chief
D-10

TORNADO SAFETY RULES -
4
:hen a tornado threatens, your immediate action can save your life!
STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS, DOORS, AND OUTSIDE WALLS -- PROTECT
YOUR HEAD.
Q In homes and small buildings, go to the basement, or to an interior,
part on the lowest level -- closets, bathrooms. or interior halls.
Get under something sturdy.
L] In schools, nursing homes, hospitals, factories,'and shopping centers,
go to pre -designated shelter areas. Interior hallways on the lowest
floor are usually best.
Q In high-rise buildings, go to interior small rooms or hallways.
Q In mobile homes or vehicle's, leave them and go to a substantial
structure. If there is no shelter nearby, lie flat in the nearest
ditch, ravine, or culvert with your hands shielding your head.
TORNADO WATCH: Tornadoes and severe thunderstorms are possible.
TORNADO WARNING: Tornado detected; take shelter immediately.
TORNADOES often accompany SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS and are only one of many
thunderstorm hazards. Others include:
LIGHTNING -- Kills and injures hundreds and starts fires.
WINDS -- Very strong, gusty winds can cause great damage.
RAIN -- Heavy downpours may result in flash floods.
HAIL =- Not a killer but can be very damaging.
LISTEN TO RADIO, TELEVISION, OR NCAA WF.ATHI"R RADIO for latest
National.Weather Service bulletins.
Appendix 2
M-2-1
*a

VII. INCREASED READINESS ACTION CHECKLIST
M:.., (See Attachment 4 - Checklist, and Attachment 7 - Conditions/Action
Flow Chart.)
A. The following increased readiness conditions are established:
Condition 5 Hurricane Season (June 1 - November 30)
Condition 4 Alert - Hurricane Advisory
w
Condition 3
Condition 2
Condition 1
Condition 0
Reentry
Hurricane Watch or appro:imately 48
hours to fgrecasted landfall
Hurricane Warninglor approximately 24
hours to forecasted -landfall
Twelve hours or less to forecasted
landfall
Landfall
Threat removed or damage assessment
allows
B. The Control Croup Chairman will declare the condition. The Area
Coordinators and the Support Croup will implement actions for
each condition when announced.
NOTE: .In the eventuality of a pre -season hurricane, it may
be necessary to first institute a condition of readiness other
than Condition 5. Under peculiar circumstances it may be necessary
to skip a condition and go directly into a more advanced condition.
This means that all of the actions required in the preceding
conditions, and those required in the declared condition, must be
completed in the available time. The increased readiness conditions
as stated above will remain standard, but the timing of the required
actions may vary within certain sections of the county depending
on time elements involved in completing the activity. For example,
evacuation movement will commence earlier for areas such as Ocracoke
(Hyde County) and Hatteras Island where great distances must be
traveled, restricted gravel ways will be overburdened, extremely
low-lying roads exist, or other complicating factors increase
movement time to insure the safety of the evacuees.
VIII. EVACUATION AREAS, ROUTES, AND SHE_L7'ER LOCATIONS
(See Attachment 5.)
A. General
1. Evacuation routes and designated sheltors'are as indicated un
Attachment 5.
2. Other residents wishing to neck. uheltur (mobile home residents
or persons living in any structure which does not provide ade-
quate protection) should leave the area or go to the nearest
designated shelter as directed.
0-5 _
8

[1
L]
I
1
i,
DARE COUNTY 3/30/84
j DISASTER RELIEF AND ASSISTANCE PLAN
WENDIX 2 -- WINTER STORM SAFETY RULES
y
RULES FOR RIDING OUT
WINTER STORI4S
WINTER STORM SAFETY RULES KNOW THE WINTER WORDS OF WARNING
tindependent. Check battery -powered
f'lent, heating fuel, food stock and other
i lres.
is for the season. Layers of protective
hrng are more effective and efficient
+single layers of thick clothing. Mit-
lsare warmer than gloves. Hoods should
ier mouth, to protett lungs from extremely
•1s air.
t
j't kill yourself shoveling snow. It is
'.emely hard work and can bring on a heart
,ck, a major cause of death during and
ur winter storms.
itwinter driving seriously. Keep your
I'winterized". Carry a winter car kit
rtaining equipment to help you keep warm,
sable, and alive if you are trapped in a
:er storm.
!rblizzard traps you, avoid overexertion
sexposure; stay in your vehicle (but
o it ventilated), exercisi, turn on dome
pt at night, stand watches, don't panic.
N-2-1
Ice storm, freezing rain, freezing drizzle
mean a coating of ice is expected; heavy
means the weight of the ice will cause
extra damage.
Snow means a steady fall unless occasional
or intermittent fs used,
heavy snow means a fall of four to six or
more inches is expected in the next 12
hours, or six or more inches in the next
24 hours. But heavy snow can mean two or
three inches where winter storms are in-
frequent.
Snow flurries mean intermittent snowfall
that may reduce visibility.
Snow squalls are brief, intense falls of
snow, with gusty surrace winds.
Blowing and drifting snow means strong
winds and greatly reduced visibility.
Blizzard means windspeeds of at least 35
miles per hour, considerable falling and/or
blowing snow, and temperatures of 20 dcyrees
Fahrenheit.or less, over an extended period.
Severe blizzard means windspeeds of at
least 45 miles per hour, dense snow, and
temperatures of 10 degrees or less.
Cold wave means a'rapid fall in tempera-
tures within a 24-hour period that will re-
quire emergency protective action.
WATCH -- a winter storm is approaching.
WARNING -- a winter storm is ii,:ninent.
0

INSTRUCTIONS FOR EVACUEES
When your local government advises evacuation, keep calm, and follow these
procedures promptly:
1. Shut off main gas valve and pull main power
switch before lnaving home.
2. Head for the designated shelters or evacuation
points indicated for your area, as directed on
your Evacuation Plan maps and by broadcasts
during the emergency. Follow routes 'indicated
an maps. Drive up to shelter entrance, unload,
and park car as police instruct.
3. Take only clothing, food, and special medicine
that is necessary; do not,try to bring household
equipment.
4. Follow instructions of Red Cross shelter personnel,
and volunteer to help with any tasks needed for
efficient shelter operation.
5. Remain at the shelter until informed that you
may leave. People will not be allowed hack into
evacuated areas until Public Ilealth officials
and building inspectors have completed their
inspections and given their approval.
i
i
• � 1
1
0-9-1 a - t

TELEPHONE NUMBERS
MAYOR AND TOWN COMMISSIONERS
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS TEAM
TOWN EMPLOYEES
INVOLVED CITIZENS
D-11

t• t• f• f• f• t! t•Low
4
I Check (/) Type i
Check (t/) Extent of Damage
For Use By Damage Assessment Officer
I,
of Bu.Iding
m
c
m
o f
Unusable/Uninhabitable
Usable/
-
i
Habitable
-
Proyerty Address
Name of Owner
et
o
Denroyee or
E•lens..° E•Ifnor
Damege to
Mostly Eebnor
Value of
EssYid.
ado etnrmr
Eanoq
Suffice
Bu°O..
Eu.,
a bound,
-
DestroyeO. Seall
S
Da Ponmm
1°V.nor of Such
Bro wu,d'..
ow
of
LOSS
pone Lofe
do.erape
iarcenbpf of
Foe.
of cool or wells
10
a to
."e,
et,. lc
GWe. ele.
fvd. C0.v
Lfne. domenlal
I
5° f
w 1
tod
Bef
Fer.Oer Buao.no
a rs Usame
.Were , Flood
Inlacl. or
Willfa.
Flood Uru
Unusable. or Feet
Flood
loos
5 F.
weer a
Feet (bow floor. .
Above
W Lee ]
(b0•0 Floor.
Above Flo r
ve F r.
Abon Floor.
(.070) .
Ab r.
(bo.•f Fba.
to p tpJ.
I
1
I
-
2
3.
a.
6
6.
7.
0.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
t5.
16.
17.
18.
tg. a•
20.
Now
Incident
Area/Zone
Data of Insp.
' `"°"''""S'°"pleft. "'°'"""°°`°"'m''"'
d mWDd(may. do'vlee. or eoer;menry
Damage Assessment Worksheet
•'
Assessor
sht. No. Of
2 C`ec• and oescl.be on re•e'se s•ce of loan.
(Percentage of Value Method)
3 Use.e•erse lei notes. s•etch meps All
e
_.. •n I.. I- c C.

' 3/30/84
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT WORKSHEET INSTRUCTIONS
(Percentage of Value Method)
' This form is used by local/county government damage assessment teams.
following a disaster to assess losses to private property. Assessment is
' based upon on -site inspections and•classification of damages according to
"Extent of Damage" columns on the form. Estimated dollar losses are cal-
culated by the Damage Assessment Officer.
' INSTRUCTIONS:
Damage Assessment Team -
' a. Complete bottom of form indicating type of incident (flood, tornado,
ice storm, etc.), area or zone of assignment covered by this worksheet,
' date of inspections, name of assessor, and sheet number (serially by
assessor, area/zone, or incident, depending upon local preference).
b. List damage property assessed by indicating address, name of owner (or
business name, building name, etc.), and type of building. In case of
multi -family housing, use figure to indicate number of families. For property
not covered *by types listed, check "Other" and describe under "Remarks" below.
' c. Indicate usability and extent of damage by checking the most appropriate
column.
d. Upon completion of the inspections, submit worksheets to the Damage
Assessment Officer.
' Damage Assessment Officer -
a. Review worksheets for completeness and legibility while assessor is
present. Have any incomplete information added and any illegible entries
clarified before releasing assessor.
' b. Enter property values from available listings, being sure to exclude
value of land and building contents.
c. Determine estimated dollar loss by multiplying value of building by
' percentage multiplier indicated in Damage column checked.
d. Using best available information, enter % of property value covered by
insurance.
e. Consolidate damage figures and transmit .to the State Emergency Operating
Center (EOC) using Damage Assessment Report format used by.the local Emergency
Management Coordinator.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
R E M A R K S:
F-6-2