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HomeMy WebLinkAboutLand Use Plan-1992Adopted by the.Manteo Board of Planning and Zoning Board unaj meeting on September 16, 19921 CRC approved Plan on Sept. 26, 1992 67lCQ,tQfca c[QrrJ WGQ�_ Bamb_j_ Markham Wilson, CI� Town Clerk 01 Jawn etl' �Py�hr�rW Ttw�:O �8ss VJ s '�.--00e61 69066 0. • 40 Mantea DCM DCM COPY lease do not remove!!!!! Division of Coastal Management TOWN OF MANTEO LAND USE PLAN Prepared for the Town of Manteo by Robin McClelland and Associates July, 1992 The preparation of this report was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administrated by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 0 E cof own of Manten TOWN OF MANTEO 0 LAND USE PLAN Prepared for the Town of Manteo by Robin McClelland and Associates • July, 1992 The preparation of this report was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of is1972, as amended, which is administrated by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 0 • Manteo Board of Commissioners Gus Granitzki, Mayor Edward Greene Delvera Collins John W. Daniels Edward Etheridge Melvin Jackson Boyd Midgett Manteo Planning Board Walter Gregory, Chair Cheryl Booth Darrell Collins Debra McDowell John W. Silver 9 0, OwI1 of Haute" GOALS Protect and Manage Manteo's Natural Resources Estuarine Waters Coastal Wetlands Estuarine Shorelines Fisheries Nesting Areas • Balance the Needs of Manteo's Townspeople and Visitors Residential Integrity Basic Services Family -oriented Attractions Increase Manteo's Economic Vitality Year-round Economy Diversity Water -related Uses Waterfront Development Preserve Manteo's Cultural and Historic Resources Historic District Performing Center Landmarks u Manteo, N.C. `.. /� (\' ! � •-•• I ....r I ._.... I r.r.r. I r.„, I I..,.I �•w. I �_r__r /Iw rr�, •.rr. `4,�.\ .. FIGURE I 1 NORTH CAROLINA < Y Showing; Project Ir Location n III FUTURE CONDITIONS ................................................ 34 A. Emerging Issues ............................................... 34 1. Local .................................................. 35 2. Regional .......................:....................... 36 3. Ongoing Issues ........................................... 37 B. Building Relationships ............................................ 39 IV. PLANNING OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES ................................... 40 A. Natural Resource Protection ....................................... 40 1. Resource Protection ....................................... 41 2. Development in Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs)............................................. 42 3. Water -related Uses (Runoff, Marina Development) ........................................ 43 4. Public Facilities and Utilities (Effluent) ........................... 45 B. Resource Production and Management ................................ 47 1. Fishery Nursery Areas ...................................... 47 2. Required Issues not relevant to Manteo .......................... 47 C. Cultural and Historic Resources ..................................... 49 D. Economic and Community Development ............................... 51 1.Transportation ........................................... 51 2. Land Use ............................................... 55 3. Economics .............................................. 60 4.Annexation............................................. 61 5. Continuing Public Participation ................................ 63 E. Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post Storm Recovery, and Evacuation ................................................ 66 1. Storm Hazard Mitigation .................................... 66 2. Post Storm Recovery ........................................ 67 3. Hurricane Evacuation ....................................... 69 V LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM ........................................ 70 A. Definition.................................................... 70 B. Application to Manteo........................................... 72 0 • Is 0 40 L • VI APPENDIX................................................•......... 73 A. Evaluation of 1986 Policies ....................................... 73 B. Elizabeth II Master Plan Site Plan ...... :......................... ... 83 C. Maps ...................................................... 84 1. Existing Land Use Map ..................................... 84 2. Current Zoning Map ....................................... 84 3. Land Classification Map ..................................... 84 • D. Community Survey...............................................85 • • 0 0 • INTRODUCTION 0 4 INTRODUCTION Overview • The Town of Manteo can point to a number of successful accomplishments since it began its planning process in 1980: partial completion of the waterfront revitalization plan; construction of affordable housing; timely commercial development along Highway 64/264. Manteo enforces it zoning ordinance to keep new development in scale with the small town character. Infrastructure improvements such as replacement of the wastewater treatment facility, removal the old sewer tank from . the waterfront, replacement of worn water and sewer lines, and repaved streets are on the town's current work program. In 1991 the Town of Manteo turned its attention to the multiple and sometimes competing water -related uses: recreational and commercial uses, stormwater runoff issues, and water quality in general. • The relationship between the town's need to protect and manage its natural resources and the demand for additional commercial and recreational uses on the waterfront commands significant time on the part of town leaders. Clear policy direction and the ability to enforce existing and proposed regulations is imperative. Manteo's traditional mercantile economy depended on the water and the attempt of the 1981 planning process to recreate a bustling and prosperous commercial waterfront opened the way for intense activity and specific direction with regard to appropriate uses. Manteo Land Use Plan 1 Evaluation of Previous Plans 1981..."Creating a Vision" Policy direction in the 1981 Manteo Land Use Plan was based on a community goal -setting process. Townspeople participated in a lively and intense effort to create a vision for Manteo's future. The process produced a theme for Manteo: "Come sit on our front porch, let us tell you of the dreams we dream", which set the tone for the waterfront revitalization in preparation for America's Four Hundredth Anniversary. Adherence to the goals has enabled Manteo to retain its small town character while having redeveloped the waterfront into an area attraction. This was a critical issue in 1981. Other 1981 goals such as improving community services, i developing a more economically viable community, and providing recreational opportunities for all Manteo residents are ongoing issues being implemented as funds become available. There are a number of other accomplishments the town can point to which were initiated during the 1981 planning period: Harbortown and Baytree, two affordable housing developments, Cartwright Memorial Park, and a revised zoning ordinance in compliance with the Land Use Plan. 1986..."Programs and Projects" The 1986 update of the Manteo Land Use Plan downplays the effectiveness of the waterfront revitalization as an economic success. However, the plan does acknowledge that the design orientation and innovation of 1981 plan "forever changed Manteo". (II-15) 0 Manteo Land Use Plan 2 Manteo's 1986 Land Use Plan update steers the policy direction away from revitalization and turns the town's attention to a number of water -related issues and infrastructure improvements. As a result, the town currently has several major projects planned or underway: replacement of the • wastewater treatment facility, replacement of worn water and sewer lines, and street improvements. • This focus is consistent with CAMA's interests in land use impacts on natural resources, particularly areas of environmental concern. Manteo Land Use Plan 3 History Manteo's history is richly woven in with the lore of the "lost colony", the first English settlement in the New World. Along with the rest of the Outer Banks communities, Manteo shares the aura of mystery, a sense of adventure, the impact of natural forces, and the geographic isolation. Separated from the North • Carolina mainland by Croatan Sound and the barrier islands by Roanoke Sound, Manteo sits comfortably in the middle of Roanoke Island. Once home to industrious merchants, enterprising boat builders, rugged fishermen, and courageous Civil War freedmen, Manteo's history and charm transcend change and time. Early History In the 1870's a spot in the middle of Roanoke Island was selected as a place for the county seat ... on the edge of Shallowbag Bay and about half -way between communities on the northern and southern ends of the Island. That's how Manteo became the site for a wooden courthouse and the seat of county government. Named in honor of Chief Manteo, a friend to the early colonists, Manteo was incorporated in 1899. Docks, a hotel, a boarding house, and stores along the water joined the wooden • courthouse to form the small mercantile town. The Twentieth Century In the early 1900's Manteo grew as the trading center for the Outer Banks. More docks were added and the steamer "Trenton" made daily runs between Manteo and Elizabeth City. The town grew, but by the 1920s when fewer people were traveling by boat, Manteo settled into being a small commercial fishing village. • Manteo Land Use Plan 4 By the 1930s steamboats no longer operated on the sounds, shipbuilding had decreased, lifesaving operations were reduced, and commercial fishing declined. Islanders began to look to other means of support and turned to tourism. In 1928 a bridge connected Roanoke Island to Nags Head and Virginia opening the area up to visitors. • In 1934, to commemorate the 350th anniversary of Virginia Dare's birth, the Roanoke Island Historical Society reconstructed the Raleigh Fort and commissioned playwright Paul Green to script a pageant. President Franklin Roosevelt attended the first production and (with exception of a few dark seasons during World War II) "The Lost Colony" has been an Island staple ever since. Recent Years • In the late 1970s, State of North Carolina officials and academicians decided to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the first colony with a three-year long celebration. It began on July 13, 1984 the date of the colonists' arrival and ended on August 18, 1987, the birth date of Virginia Dare. Manteo was selected as the site of the commemorative events and, in 1980 town leaders set about to revitalize the worn dilapidated waterfront. Viewed as an opportunity to rekindle Manteo's economic viability, town officials assembled waterfront parcels; obtained state and federal grants for • improvements; and appealed to the state government to fund major capital improvements. Public and private investments paid off as Manteo continues to redevelop a waterfront that bustles as it did almost 100 years ago. 0 Manteo Land Use Plan 5 a • Despite the passing of time, the small mercantile and water -oriented town has held on to its charm as the county seat and a place for visitors. It is still home to merchants, fishermen, and boatbuilders, many of whom are. multi -generation natives. Manteo also attracts young professionals, artists, and eager newcomers seeking the • ambience of small town living. (Parts of this were excerpted from Roanoke Island's Past by Billie B. Harper. NCSU School of Design. 1980) • • Manreo Land Use Plan 6 • u 0 EXISTING CONDITIONS 0 n u 1990 VISITOR INFORMATION Average Visitors 1990-2000 Manteo's Estimated Share Thousands 140 120 00 80 40 40 20 1990 1995 2000 Mantso M Dart County M Duck Source. Outer Banks Chamber of Commerce Five Year Travel Indicator Roanoke Island's Share Annual Visitors 400 400 300 200 100 0 1985 lose 1947 1998 1989 Attractions Elleabeth II MFortifaisigh- 0MC Apuadum 8ouree Outer Banks Chamber of Commerce Average Daily Visitors By Area Manteo 1900 Roanoke Island • 5700 11h,, Nags Head 1, 17750 Kill Devil Hills 21100 Remaining 11425 Kitty Hawk Southern Snores 7800 Hatteras Duck 3995 2405 4720 • some, Outer Banta Chember Comm me figure 1 MANTEO DEMOGRAPHICS PROFILE • CENSUS ESTIMATE PROJECTED 1980 1989 1994 Population 902 1324 1600 Households 385 544 675 Average Hshld Size 2.3 2.4 2.4 • Median Age 35.5 35.5 37.1 Median Age Adult 46.3 42.8 44.1 SEX Female 475 689 832 Male 427 634 767 RACE White 684 1233 1530 Black 216 87 65 • Other 6 12 17 Household Income 1980 1989 1994 $ 0- 7,499 126 32 % 74 13.6% 74 11 % $ 7,500-14,999 74 19 0/6 106 19.5% 104 15.9% $ 15,000-29,999 122 31 % 112 20.6% 118 17.5% $ 25,000-34,999 35 9 % 83 15 % 101 15 % $ 35,000-49,999 27 7 % 83 15 % 106 15.7% $ 50,000-79,999 3 .8% 52 9.6% 93 13.8% $ 75,000 + 3 .8% 34 6 % 79 11.7% (Source: D & B Donnelley Demographics State Library of North Carolina, January 1990) Manteo Land Use Plan 9 • 4 • EXISTING CONDITIONS Population and Economics Dare County Growth • In April of 1990 the North Carolina Office of State Budget and Management issued the "Projected Population Growth Rates for North Carolina Counties" listing each county's projected population growth for the decades of 1980-1990, 1990-2000, and 2000-2010. According to this report Dare County has been and will continue to be the fastest growing county in North Carolina over the three decade period. The county's population increased by 68% between 1980-90, is expected to increase by 41 % between 1990-2000, and 29% between 2000-2010. • Dare County's 1980 population of 13,377 had risen to 22,500 by 1990. During that same period Manteo's population grew from 902 to 1300, a 46% increase. Manteo's "boom" has occurred over the last five years and for the most part can be attributed to new residential development and to a lesser degree annexation. The population of unincorporated Roanoke Island outside Manteo is about 2200. Manteo Demographic Profile • The State Library Information Services Section provided Manteo with demographic information in January 1990. In included 1980 census data, 1989 estimates, and 1994 projections. The 1990 preliminary census data reports Manteo's population as 973. The town disputes this figure, holding to a local count of around 1300. The 1990 State Library "Demographic Information for Manteo" is included here to indicate anticipated changes. • Manteo Land Use Plan 7 Manteo's population growth increased about 10% between 1980 and 1985. For the planning period between 1985 and 1994 population is expected to increase by about 300 people (or roughly 20%) bringing Manteo's total to 1600. This growth will be the result of annexation, new births, and in -migration. For the most part, the growth will not put a strain on the town's services or infrastructure. Pirate's Cove, a development separated from the central part of • town by unincorporated Roanoke Island had little impact on the town's street system or other facilities. The town leaders assume adequate services are and will be available to accommodate anticipated future growth. 0 • Manteo Land Use Plan 8 • n u Visitor Population Of the 16 most frequently visited attractions in Dare County, six are on Roanoke Island. However, Manteo captures only a • small share of the overall visitor or tourist population. According to the Outer Banks Chamber of Commerce data, the average daily visitor population for 1990 was 76,800 with the highest percentage attributed to the beach communities. Manteo's share of the daily average for 1990 was 1900. For the same year, total peak visitation reached 128,875 with Manteo's share being 2900. The Chamber also tracks day visitors for a total of 17,830 but does not break this number down by communities. • Current Economic Base • According to the Town of Manteo Approved Budget for 1990-91, Manteo's general fund revenue base shows a moderate increase. Growth is due to "buildout" on annexed areas and increases in the sales and occupancy taxes. However, the 5.5 projected increase in property, sales, and occupancy taxes will be offset by a reduction in building permit fees, due to a general slowdown in construction. Manteo's major general fund expenditures provide for basic services: police, streets, sanitation, and fire. This accounts for over half the budget. Manteo is fortunate to have year round employment. In comparison to the beach communities, Manteo's economy does not fluctuate as dramatically during periods of economic downturn. However, Manteo is affected by broad issues such as cost -of -living and overall visitation. Manteo Land Use Plan 10 For example, according to the State Library of North Carolina demographic report, slightly over half of Manteo households earn $30,000 or less per year. Thirty percent earn between $25,000 and $50,000 annually. However, compared to 1980 income figures, household income is rising. (See chart III-2) Several factors contribute to Manteo's economic base including: a. Cost -of -Living in 1990: A 1991 Outer Banks Chamber of Commerce report on cost -of -living states that Dare County's was 114.2 or 14.2% above the nationwide average (100) for the third quarter of 1990. The price index is based on six components: groceries, housing, utilities, miscellaneous goods and services, transportation, and health. Dare County's cost -of -living is comparable to Seattle's 1112.3), slightly higher than Chapel Hill's (107.3), Charlotte's (101.1), and Raleigh's (102.4). Roanoke, Virginia's index was slightly below 100 at 96.3. Dare County housing prices measured at 147.4, almost 50% higher than the national average. • • b. Manteo's Commerce: Manteo is known for its small town character and is Dare County's only "prban" area. It is the county seat and home to many government offices and social services. The waterfront area is a mix of • institutional, commercial, and retail uses. Commercial activity along Highway 64/264 has increased but the short supply of large vacant parcels limits the potential for strip development. Pockets of commercial and light industrial uses are located along Shallowbag Bay and Roanoke Sound on the north and south sides of the central waterfront. Manteo Land Use Plan 111 • The Manteo waterfront is the backdrop for the Elizabeth II, a representative 16th century sailing vessel. Owned and operated by the state, the ship and its interpretive center attract upwards of 70,000 visitors annually. The Elizabeth II is an economic boost for Manteo retail and food establishments. Manteo is the service and commercial center for unincorporated Roanoke Island. However, with rapid • commercial development along the beach communities, Manteo now competes with a number of commercial establishments for year round trade. c. Growth: Manteo annexed Pirates Cove, a commercial fishing establishment and residential community at the foot of the Baum Bridge. Approved as a planned unit development, Pirate's Cove has the potential for 229 single family dwellings, 530 multi -family units, and a 40 room inn, 16,132 square feet of retail/commercial space and a 156 slip marina. Of the total 548 acres, only 135 are developable. As of early 1991, 60 acres had been developed. Pirate's Cove includes 377 acres of wetlands and is joined to Manteo by Shallowbag Bay. d. New Industry: Until the mid -eighties Manteo's commercial lodging consisted of motels on Highway 64/264. In 1985 the Scarborough Inn, a 10 unit bed and breakfast opened on Highway 64/264. In 1988, Phase II of the central waterfront development, The Tranquil House Inn, with 28 rooms had opened. In the spring of • 1991, the Roanoke House with 8 units opened. The bed and breakfast industry is established in Manteo and is a welcomed addition to the town's economic growth. • Manteo Land Use Plan 12 e. Organizations: In 1988, upon the recommendation of both the 1981 and 1986 plans, local businesspeople formed the Roanoke Island Business Association to promote commerce and goodwill among businesses on Roanoke Island. The group's objectives are intended to complement those of the Dare County Tourist Bureau and • the Outer Banks Chamber of Commerce. f. Promotion: At the beginning of 1991, area businesspeople and elected officials worked together on a proposal to the North Carolina General Assembly to increase the county's lodging tax by one percent and to add a one percent prepared foods tax to supply the county with an advertising budget. Seventy percent of the revenue would be spent on advertising the area and thirty percent on related needs such as beach nourishment services. It is presumed that Manteo, along with other area communities, would benefit from the advertising. • Manteo Land Use Plan 13 • Land Use... Changes and Conflicts Developed Land • Manteo's land use map reveals a mix of uses operating in apparent harmony. Incremental zoning permits all uses in the B-2 zone; fewer are permitted (but many conditioned) in the B1, R5, R2, and R1 zones. Most of Manteo's uses were in place when the zoning ordinance was adopted in 1979 accounting for the varied mix of single family, retail, institutional, multifamily, light industrial, recreational, and office uses in most of the zones. The mix enhances, and in some ways, contributes to the "small town character". It allows one to live "over the store", on the. • water, securely hidden from view, next to one's business, along the commercial strip, or on the waterfront. While other towns work to create a "pedestrian experience", Manteo's compact form encourages walking and biking. The downtown uses are connected by sidewalks and boardwalks and invite strolling. This valued feature allows people to survive without having to depend on the auto for every trip. If the Gateway -Midway bridge is built, Man'teo will experience a reduction of pass -through traffic along Highway 64/264. For • the most part, highway businesses serve local needs and the decrease in traffic will relieve congestion and incompatible traffic uses in the town. IJ Merchants are not expected to realize substantial loss due to the construction of the bridge. Manteo Land Use Plan 14 Vacant Land There is relatively little vacant land in Manteo. However, the development potential is greater than it might seem. There is some opportunity to assemble small adjacent lots along the highway for commercial uses and to increase residential density • west of the highway if, as recommended by the 1986 plan, the town rezones that district from R-2 to R-5. There also is some opportunity for redevelopment and maximizing development on the few large parcels along the water. New Development Sites C and D of the waterfront plan have yet to be developed. Development would add more retail and residential uses. Site C would be similar to the existing waterfront development, ie., • parking on the ground level, retail on the second, and residential on the third. The development calls for fewer than 20 dwelling units. There are no current plans to develop Site C. Site D, the current US Post Office site, has no plan for development. The town purchased the site for future development. The April 1991 Master Plan and Feasibility Study for the Elizabeth II Historic Site describes the future development on Ice Plant Island. Six acres on the island have been set aside for a theater and covered arcade, parking, trails connecting the facilities to the Cora Mae Basnight Bridge, a remodeled visitor's • center to include an assembly area, and an expanded maintenance facility. Manteo Land Use Plan 15 • In summary, Manteo's economic base is tied to several factors: cost -of -living, steady year round employment, tourism, healthy commercial growth, annexation, new business, and development. The town is also served by the Roanoke Island Business Association and areawide concern for tourist development. Manteo's infrastructure (water, sewer, streets, • and other basic services) operates below capacity and can handle anticipated growth. Downtown Manteo • • • Manteo Land Use Plan 16 Plans, Policies, and Regulations 1980 DEVELOPMENT PLAN: In the early 1980s due to the Four Hundredth Anniversary Commemoration and its impact on Manteo, the town was subjected to a number of studies. The "1980-81 Town of Manteo Development Plan" for the town's participation in the "400th" included a series of documents that guided Manteo's waterfront revitalization. Much of Manteo's current planning policy direction and planning is based on these documents. 1975 WATER AND SEWER PLAN: This plan set the stage for Manteo's new sewage treatment facility and made the annexation of Pirate's Cove possible. 1985 FLOOD INSURANCE PLAN: This study serves as the basis for the town's building elevations. 1982 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN: This plan identifies drainage problem areas and made recommendations to the town for improving its runoff system. 1989 (updated) EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PROCEDURES MANUAL: Adopted by the town and upheld by policy direction in the land use plan. • • 1979 MANTEO ZONING AND DEVELOPMENT ORDINANCE: Provisions of this ordinance include classic zoning regulations • (subdivisions, signs, mobile homes, planned unit development, building permit, flood damage control, and traditional permitted and conditional use regulations). 1989 WATER AND SEWER ORDINANCE: This ordinance addresses the town's ability to connect service, collect fees, and manage discharges. The town requires all businesses and dwellings to hook up to the municipal system. Manteo Land Use Plan 17 • 1982 ROANOKE VOYAGES CORRIDOR COMMISSION: The town works in concert with the provisions of this commission and its governing ordinance. 1987 (updated) DARE COUNTY LAND USE PLAN: Manteo's • plans and policies are consistent with the county's policy direction for unincorporated Dare County on Roanoke Island. 1991 (revised) DARE COUNTY HURRICANE EVACUATION PLAN: Manteo participates in the county's plan for evacuation in the event of disaster. Due to Manteo's location, the town could expect damage as a result of flooding in the event of major disaster and the townspeople constitute a very small percent of the people who would need evacuating in the event of disaster. • 1985 DARE COUNTY CARRYING CAPACITY STUDY: Manteo is not experiencing the infrastructure constraints the county faces. With its water allotment and sewer facilities below capacity, Manteo does not have an overbearing impact on county facilities. 1990 EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF TOURISM ON GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES AND REVENUES: This study set the stage for a county -wide appeal to the state legislature to allow Dare County to raise the accommodations tax and to add a prepared food tax to raise money to support and promote tourism. • 1991 MASTER PLAN AND FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR THE ELIZABETH II HISTORIC SITE: This study lays out the future development of Ice Plant Island and the completion of a long- standing community desire to have a performing arts center as a complement to the Elizabeth II. 1991 NCDOT TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM (TIP): A statewide report on needed and anticipated (but unfunded) transportation improvements. 0 Manteo Land Use Plan 18 C� Natural Resources Geology and Soil Composition Dare County's geology is characteristic of the Atlantic Coastal Plain: a wedge-shaped mass of unconsolidated sedimentary ' • deposits consisting of flat layers of sand, gravel, silt, and clay overlaying older hard crystalline rocks of the precambrian age. Exploratory soil borings in Manteo reveal a sand and shell layer containing an unconfined aquifer from the land surface down to about 85 feet below mean sea level (msl). Below this is a clay layer about 40 to 60 feet thick and then another sand layer. Various grades of sand overlay a clay layer beginning at around 50 feet below the land surface. Nothing about the deeper geology should directly affect land i development in Manteo. However, when planning for the future, the town should consider protecting the two principal aquifers from pollution. Most of Manteo's land is underlain by loamy sand (Onslow soil type). This moderately well -drained soil is well suited for buildings and roads but is unsuitable for septic tank leach fields. Its seasonal high water table is within 1.5 to 3 feet of the land surface. A portion of the town is underlain by a loamy fine sand (Icaria). • This soil drains poorly and can be spotted across the entire town; a large area exists on either side of Highway 64/264 near the northern town limits. The seasonal high water table is at or near the land surface. The SCS classifies this soil as severely limited for all urban uses. Manteo Land Use Plan 19 • a • • 11 • Two areas of Manteo are underlain by Baymeade fine sand. This is a well drained soil and is well suited for urban development. However, high permeability makes it unsuitable for septic tank filter fields. (The Manteo High School, Harbortown and Baytree neighborhoods are built on Baymeade). Several areas of Manteo are composed of dredge spoil, landfill or "made land" (Psamments). This soil can be found adjacent to canals dredged inland from Shallowbag Bay and on Ice Plant Island. The SCS classifies this soil as severely limited for all urban uses. As with Baymeade fine sand, high permeability makes this soil unsuitable for septic tank filter fields. The marsh areas surrounding Manteo are underlain by Hobonny muck. These soils consist of a very deep organic layer (50'+) overlying sand. The marshes are characterized by the presence of a Black Needle Rush community. Other Manteo soils include Leon fine sand, Belhaven and Ponzer muck, Ozier and Ousley fine sand. With the exception of Ousley, all of these soils have drainage problems and are severely limited for urban uses. Soils classified as severely limited can be used for development, but require careful planning and engineering. Usually expensive construction is needed to overcome the limitations. All of Manteo's soils except the Baymeade sands are limited in some way. Having a municipal waste treatment facility, however, eliminates the need for septic systems (which in soil types such as Manteo's can fail). Furthermore, existing construction techniques are able to accommodate the limitations. The town always should consider the limitations of its soils when it estimates development potential, plans utilities expansions, and contemplates annexations. Manteo Land Use Plan 20 n LJ Water Manteo derives its groundwater from three aquifers, has few sources of fresh surface water, and is surrounded by saltwater. a. Groundwater: Manteo's source of groundwater is supplied by three distinct aquifers composed of bedded sands and shell with some silts and clay. These aquifers • are separated by layers of clay which tend to limit the movement of water between the various layers. 1. The top aquifer is the water -table or "unconfined" aquifer. It extends from ground surface to about 85 feet below mean sea level. This is the source of water for many domestic and commercial wells in the area and was once Manteo's source for three municipal water supply wells. The surface of the water table aquifer lies close to the land surface under much of Manteo • and tends to rise and fall significantly in response to heavy rain or flooding. 2. The second aquifer begins at about 140 feet below msl at the north end of Roanake Island and climbs to within about 110 feet below mean sea level near Wanchese. It is 80 to 90 feet thick below Manteo. This aquifer is the primary source for ground water withdrawn by the Dare County Regional Water System and is recharged from areas on the mainland and Roanoke Island. 3. The third and deepest aquifer (which is about 100 feet thick) begins 300 feet below mean sea level and is not used as a water supply. Manteo Land Use Plan 21 0 b. Fresh Surface Water: The -few sources of fresh surface water in the area tend to appear and disappear with rainy periods when the water table rises and when stormwater flows through various drainage ways. Dough's Creek and Scarborough Creek drain into • Shallowbag Bay and are more or less fresh depending on the groundwater table and wind tides forced into the bay. c. Saltwater: Roanoke Island is surrounded by the waters of Roanoke and Croatan Sounds which form part of the vast estuarine area along the North Carolina Coast. Manteo's Shallowbag Bay is an important part of this estuarine system. Early commercial fishing activity in Manteo depended on the bay and the sounds. Today commercial fishing activity shares the bay and sounds with recreational fishing, pleasure boating, and other • tourist attractions. The bay and sound's water quality appears to meet current water quality standards. A 1984 dredging project removed a blanket of sludge from the bottom of Shallowbag Bay. Shallowbag Bay and the Roanoke Sound are classified as "SC" waters. Currently Dough's Creek and Scarborough Creek are designated as primary nurseries. All are protected for fishing, secondary recreation, and any other usage except primary recreation or shellfishing for market purposes. Currently, they • are not protected for swimming. To be protected for swimming, they would have to get an "SB" classification, requiring a different management of wastewater effluent discharging into Shallowbag Bay. In summary Manteo has an abundance of water and no current significant problems. However, as the town seeks to develop its resources for immediate use or preserve them for emerging needs, protection of the town's groundwater, fresh surface water, and estuarine water will become more critical. 0 Manteo Land Use Plan 22 Flood Hazards Manteo's location and low elevation subjects the town to periods of "nuisance flooding" caused by high tides and northwest winds. In 1985 the town published a Flood Insurance Rate Map and Study to address flooding issues. Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs) • Natural areas lay on Manteo's edges and are related to the creeks, marsh, and the bay. However, the town is almost totally built up and does not contain any important terrestrial natural areas within its boundaries. a. Areas of Environmental Concern Inventory: Estuarine waters are defined by the State of North Carolina as all water in the Atlantic Ocean, and the bays, sounds, rivers, and tributaries seaward of the dividing line • between coastal fishing waters and inland fishing waters. Manteo's estuarine waters include Shallowbag Bay and. Dough's Creek. Dough's Creek and Scarborough Creek are designated primary nursery areas. Shallowbag Bay is not so designated. Primary nursery areas in the estuarine system are where initial post larval development of finfish. and crustaceans takes place. They are usually located in the uppermost sections of a system where populations are uniformly early juvenile stages. • Estuarine waters are the dominant component and bonding element of the entire estuarine system and integrate aquatic influences from both land and sea. Estuaries are among North Carolina's as menhaden, flounder, shrimp, crabs, and oysters. They support the valuable commercial and sports fisheries of the coastal areas. Manteo Land Use Plan 23 • 0 LEGEND © = WETLANDS ® - COASTAL SHORELINE N ESTUARIAN WATERS ♦ + ♦ + + ♦ + + + + ♦ + ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ + } ♦ + + } t t + ROANOKE SOUND ROANOKE SOUND } ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ + ♦ { + + + sriAu6N.9Ac SAY. TOWN OF MANTEO YN. 31. 1. Srill ,• _ IOW i + « + t + « ♦ + + « + + t + +/— _ _ _ -_ _ __ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + _________ _________ _J r__-� ____ ___ « ♦ + ♦ 4 + + + + «�� -— + + + + + + + + + _y �„y.T _______—___— lr sue+ y + { + + t + ♦ + { + + + 19, ° 07"+ t� + ♦ + ' + + + SHALLOWBAO BAY• ♦ + + ♦ + + / �a kiJ+ + + + « + « + + t + + + rNe mia:i �'—s r ♦++++ 4 a 4+ 4 k,1 Areas of Environmental Concern + I E VELN -x 'S..Trt F, [rMrrt[VS / �4+NMR5 / $M ('/ORS Rµ(iM, npM CrNWN+ Y 0 These species spend some or all of their life cycles in estuarine waters to mature and reproduce. Commercial and sports fisheries important to Dare County depend on the protection and sustained quality of estuarine waters. • b. Wetlands: Coastal wetlands are defined as salt marsh or other marsh subject to regular or occasional flooding by tides and/or wind tides and containing marsh plant species listed in NEAC.07H.0205. Manteo's significant coastal wetlands are on the east side of Dough's Creek and in large areas edging the northeast and southeast boundaries of Shallowbag Bay. The exception is 20 acres of higher land with pine woods and open sand fields surrounding the Elizabeth II Historic Site (on Ice Plant Island). There is another small significant pocket of coastal wetland directly southeast of the Agona and Fernando Streets' intersection.. According to a North Carolina Natural Heritage Program survey, the expanse of coastal wetlands bordering the southside of Shallowbag Bay is the northern portion of what may be the finest Black Needle Rush -dominated area remaining in the state. Roanoke Island wetlands are an important resting area for migrating animals and birds traveling between the • mainland and the Outer Banks. Wetlands south of Shallowbag Bay provide nesting, wintering, and/or feeding grounds for Black Rails, Barn Owls, Least Bitterns, Marsh Wrens, and Clapper Rails. c. Public Trust Areas: Public Trust Areas are surface waters where the public has the right to navigate and gain access to other public trust areas (all surface waters). Manteo's public trust areas are Dough's Creek and Shallowbag Bay. Manteo Land Use Plan 24 0 In addition to the public's right to navigation and recreation, these areas support valuable commercial and sports fisheries, provide aesthetic value to the community, and are an important resource for economic development. • Manteo's public trust,waters include a number of canals used for crabshedding. These creeks are north of the downtown and run along Grenville and Gilbert streets. The town is working with NCDOT to divert surface runoff from the crabshedding canals. d. Estuarine Shorelines: Estuarine shorelines abut estuarine waters 75 feet inland from high water. Intimately connected to the estuary, they are vulnerable to erosion, flooding, or other adverse effects of wind and water. 0 Any future land development in Manteo needs to be compatible with the dynamic nature of estuarine shorelines and the value of the complete estuarine system. Development within estuarine shorelines influences the quality of estuarine life and subjects it to the damaging process of shorefront erosion and flooding. Cultural and Historic Areas • Settled in 1865 and incorporated in January 1899, Manteo has a rich history based on fishing, boatbuilding, and as an industrious waterfront mercantile and government center. Although remnants of very old settlements are scarce and only a few pre -Civil War structures remain on Roanoke Island, Manteo has a number of significant cultural and historic sites and amenities. This inventory of cultural and historic sites identifies significant structures and landmarks in Manteo: 4k Manteo Land Use Plan 25 a. Cartwright Memorial Park: Cartwright Park is located on Sir Walter Raleigh Street on the west side of Highway 64/264 and was established in 1983 to commemorate the site of the first AME-Zion Church in the southeast. The park contains commemorative markers and is used • for picnics, commemorative events, and other functions. b. Bicentennial Park: This waterfront park is part of the town's public open space and is the site of annual Easter Sunday sunrise services. The marker is made from the cornerstone of the old Manteo High School. The park was refurbished to commemorate the nation's bicentennial and until the early 1980s was maintained by community volunteers. c. The Creef-Davis Boatworks: The nineteenth century • sailing freight boat the "Hattie Creef" was built here along with the first shad boat, a fishing vessel recognized as one of the most important fishing boats in the late nineteenth century. The "Elizabeth II" was built here in the early 1980's. The restoration and adaptive reuse of the boatworks building is in commemoration of Manteo's rich fishing and boatbuilding heritage. d. Elizabeth II Historic Site: The Elizabeth II, a representative sixteenth century sailing vessel, was built on the Manteo waterfront at the old Creef-Davis boat • yard to commemorate the Four Hundredth Anniversary of the first English settlement. The Site contains an interpretive center depicting the colonists' journey and life on Roanoke Island, a gift shop, and the Outer Banks History Center. e. Dare County Courthouse: Located on the Manteo waterfront where Queen Elizabeth, Fernando, and Budleigh Streets converge, the present courthouse was built in 1904. It is an example of the Italianate style. The original gables, chimneys, porch, and cupola (destroyed in a 1933 hurricane) were never replaced. • Manteo Land Use Plan 26 i A two story hip roof brick structure three bays wide by five deep, it has a two-tier pedimented porch supported by massive paneled pillars. Wide semi -pilasters, corbeled at the bottoms, and suspended from the boxed eaves, divide the end bays. The first story windows have segmental -arched heads; • those on the second story are semi -circular. Over the years, the Courthouse has undergone several renovations and alterations. f. George Washington Creef House: Built by the Creef boatbuilding family in the early twentieth century and located at 304 Budleigh Street, this late nineteenth century two story house is of T-plan board and batten construction with an ornamented shed porch and intricate shingle and spindle work in gable. It is privately • owned. g. Theodore S. Meekins House: "Goldie's house" is located at 319 Sir Walter Raleigh Street and was built in the late nineteenth/early twentieth century. It is a Queen Anne -style house; a complex form with shingle gables, a. rounded corner tower with a conical roof and wraparound porch. It is privately owned and is listed in the National Registry of Historic Places. h. John Evans House: Located at 210 Sir Walter Raleigh • Street, this house was built in 1873-74. Originally it was a two story gable roof frame house three bays wide by three deep with a hip roof porch on chamfered posts, a typical Victorian interior finish, and a shingled -roof outbuilding. In 1990 the house was restored and enlarged. It has been privately owned by the same family since its construction. Manteo Land Use Plan 27 • i. Mt. Olivet Methodist Church: Located at 302 Ananias Dare St. this is an early twentieth century frame church with detached octagonal entrance towers of unequal height framing the shingled gable front, a pointed arch door and window openings. An education wing was added in 1980 and the sanctuary was remodeled in 1984. • j. Drinkwater House: In 1903 when the Wright Brothers successfully completed their first flight, word was sent on a wireless from the Drinkwater House on Uppowoc Street. k. America's Four Hundredth Anniversary Commemorative Plaque: This placque was unveiled by Princess Anne on July 13, 1984 during the opening ceremonies for the "400th" celebration. It commemorates the first English settlement in the New . World. There is a companion placque in Plymouth, England commemorating the colonists' departure. • • Manteo Land Use Plan 28 Community Facilities The Town of Manteo's total incorporated area is approximately 933 acres. Roughly a third of that is wetlands and marsh. Townspeople are served by a municipally -owned water and sewer system, a police force, fire department, a street network maintained by the state and the town, municipal docks and a public boat launch. • Roanoke Island Fire District provides fire protection and Dare County provides emergency medical services. Other utilities are provided by Carolina Telephone Company and North Carolina Power. Water System Purchased from the Dare County Regional Water System, • Manteo's water is pumped from a facility near Midway.through a 12 inch water main to the town's 75,000 gallon elevated storage tank on Fernando Street. Of its 5.5 MGD the county allocates 400,000 gallons per day (gpd) to Manteo. Since 1984 Manteo's average monthly use has risen from 3.9 million gallons to 5.8 million. Water use fluctuations are attributed to seasonal changes: watering lawns in the spring and summer; additional summer residents; fewer school activities in the summer; and occasional bursting pipes in winter. Even with the increase in use, Manteo still consumes only about half of its daily allocation from Dare County. • Wastewater Treatment Manteo operates the only community -wide central wastewater collection and treatment facility in Dare County. Wastewater is treated at the town's 250,000 gpd discharge treatment plant on Shallowbag Bay or at the 125,000 gpd rotary distributor land disposal system plant on Bowser Town Road. Manteo Land Use Plan 29 • C� In 1991 the town received permits to construct a new 600,000 gpd wastewater treatment facility to replace the two existing plants. Both the existing rotary plant and the discharge plant on the waterfront are in need of replacing. The town amended its 1986 Land Use Plan to comply with the new system which will discharge treated affluent into Shallowbag Bay. Capacity for Manteo's existing service area is more than • adequate. Annexation of Pirate's Cove did not impact the capacity set aside for existing users. However, due to the potential capacity, the town is receiving numerous annexation applications and must attend to the additional demand. Most of Manteo's water and sewer lines west of the highway have been in place since 1930. Newer lines and pumping facilities were installed in 1981 to accommodate annexation. In the late 1980's the town replaced the lines on Queen Elizabeth Street. In 1990 the town had a "smoke" test done to identify • sources of inflow and infiltration. Work is done on inflow and infiltration on an "as needed" basis. The replacement program targeted the most obvious surface infiltration sources for immediate replacement. Remaining lines are being replaced on a ongoing basis. Clay pipes are being replaced with PVC to prevent inflow and infiltration. Four pumping stations lift wastewater into the existing gravity flow system. Storm Drainage • A combination of drainage ditches and underground drainage lines move storm water with varying degrees of success to Dough's Creek, Shallowbag Bay, or Croatan Sound. Highway 64/264 is the dividing line between the two major drainage basins. 0 Manreo Land Use Plan 30 Because Manteo is very low and its slopes are flat, frequent heavy rains tend to drain slowly creating hazards and inconveniences. Ironically, draining Manteo's storm water directly into Dough's Creek or Shallowbag Bay can create significant water quality problems. A 1982 Storm Water Management Plan recommended procedures and technical solutions to improve the drainage • system. Unfortunately, the recommended solutions would exacerbate the issue of water quality in the creek and bay. To prevent that from happening, Manteo hopes to handle drainage by channeling storm runoff into drainage basins strategically located on available vacant land. Circulation and Parking Manteo's streets, parking lots and on -street spaces must meet • competing needs. a. Arterials: Manteo's major traffic concern is the use of US Highway 64/264 which passes through Manteo providing the only access to the mainland and the Outer Banks. Travel patterns in Manteo can be separated into three categories: 1) through -travel: trips with neither an origin • or destination in Manteo. 2) "external -internal" travel: trips with either an origin or destination in Manteo. 3) local travel: trips that begin and end in Manteo. Although these three types of travel are incompatible, all must rely on Highway 64/264 for passage through Manteo. Manteo Land Use Plan 31 0 b. Local Streets: Manteo's local streets operate at below average daily trip (adt) capacity.. Streets are being improved and circulation analyzed. c. Parking: Parking needs continue to be a source of controversy in Manteo. Off-season parking is adequate for the commercial and government uses near and around • the waterfront. However, in the summer months, locals and visitors compete for the parking supply. • Despite recommendations in earlier plans, visitors and employees still are not directed to the parking lot on Ice Plant Island. The town regulates off-street parking time limits and provides some public parking near the waterfront. However, other methods of regulating the parking supply have yet to be instituted and there is no consensus on the need to increase the supply. d. Parking Supply Inventory: The parking inventory covers the area east of Uppowoc Street between Ananias Dare and Fernando Streets across Cora Mae Basnight Bridge and including the Elizabeth II Historic Site. On -street (waterfront) parking: 256 spaces Off street (public and private): 375 spaces Elizabeth II Historic Site: 174 regular; 16 pull -through. Manteo Land Use Plan 32 Educational Institutions Four of the county's six public schools are in Manteo (Manteo Elementary School, Manteo Middle School, Manteo High School and the Alternative School). Until recently, these schools served the needs of students from throughout the county. However, due to overcrowding, in the fall of 1991 the county is • constructing a new elementary school and a new middle school on the beach. A new high school is proposed. Manteo is also served by a branch campus of the College of the Albemarle located on the south end of Roanoke Island. Other Basic Services Manteo is served by municipal full-time police and sanitary departments. The town has its own trash pick-up and recycling • programs. Fire protection is provided by the Roanoke Island Volunteer Fire Department. Dare County, the area land fill provider, recently increased its land fill capacity to serve the next 20 years. Manteo's ability to provide basic services is more than adequate. Service capacity is more than adequate and can serve the anticipated needs of the town's expected growth in the coming decade. However, due to the age of some plants, facilities themselves may need replacing. • Manteo Land Use Plan 33 n U • FUTURE CONDITIONS FUTURE CONDITIONS Emerging Issues The period between 1986 and 1991 saw few dramatic changes in Manteo. The Tranquil House Inn (phase II of the waterfront master plan) was constructed; some commercial development occurred on Highway 64/264; and the town annexed Pirates Cove. In 1991 the Roanoke House bed and breakfast opened • serving a need for more accommodations in downtown. During this same period Dare County experienced a peak development boom in 1988 and an economic downturn in 1990. Both events can be tied to the national economic picture. The savings and loan debacle had a profound impact on property development and jobs in Dare County. But Manteo's existing conditions... limited vacant land and a relatively stable year round economy... steady population growth and adequate public services... suggest that future • conditions will unfold as leaders grapple with current and emerging issues. The 1991-96 planning period marks yet another crossroads for Manteo: an opportunity to rekindle the town's vision and the chance to select an approach for carrying out policy direction. Proper planning will enable the town to act and move steadily forward with its interest to improve the residential and business quality of life in Manteo. A number of issues facing Manteo relate to the town's revised • goals. Action on any of these would have long-term affects on Manteo's future. For that reason, each is addressed in the Planning Objectives and Policies Section of the plan. 0 Manteo Land Use Plan 34 Local a. Adopt a Capital Improvement Program (CIP): Since its initial planning process, the Town of Manteo has been advised to adopt a CIP as a management tool. Such a program would enable the town to plan, fund, and schedule capital improvements including streets and • sidewalks, public facilities, and utilities. Most importantly, it requires officials to established priorities. The public can rely on scheduled (and funded) improvements. When adopted, CIPs ensure predictable implementation and accountability. b. Rezone residential areas west of Highway 64/264: The recommendation to upzone this area from R-2 to R-5 affects about 85 residential lots some with substantial homes, others with dilapidated houses or mobile homes. • There are a few vacant lots. The intent is to allow consolidation of small lots and development of multi- family housing. Manteo needs additional affordable housing and these neighborhoods need upgrading. Getting consensus on the rezone would require a thoughtful public process but the effect could be beneficial over the long term. c. Capture a larger share of Roanoke Island's (N.C. Aquarium, Fort Raleigh, and Elizabeth II) seasonal visitor • population: As the numbers show, Manteo gets a very small portion of the total Roanoke Island visitor population. With nearly a half million visits to the Aquarium alone in 1991, (and only 1900 to Manteo) it is evident that Manteo is not attracting as many visitors as it could. The town could become a more active partner in the effort to draw more people off Highway 64/264 to the waterfront. Manteo Land Use Plan 35 • d. Pursue housing for the elderly: Manteo's aging population deserves housing choices near home. According to a recent housing study elders prefer to remain in their homes when possible or in their communities if they must move. With land so scarce, the town should pursue opportunities to join with housing providers to make appropriate housing available in • Manteo. e. Complete Redevelopment of the Waterfront: Sites C (the vacant land at the corner of Fernando and Queen Elizabeth Streets) and D ithe existing Post Office site) are planned for redevelopment over the coming years. This will add several thousand square feet of retail space and a number of residential units to the waterfront. • Regional Manteo is a regional player and participates in discussions of county, state, and federal issues which could significantly impact Manteo's future. The town is in a position to influence the outcome of these issues: a. Highway 64/264 Improvements: Manteo supports the construction of a bridge over Croatan Sound connecting Highway 64/264 on the mainland to the beaches. This would remove pass -through traffic from the highway through Manteo and alleviate the seasonal • congestion. (Policy a, Transportation) b. Corrected waterway charts and rerouting the Inland Coastal Waterway through Roanoke Sound: Work is underway to accomplish this, and if successful, the results would make the Manteo waterfront accessible to thousands of boaters. (Policy b, Economics) • Manteo Land Use Plan 36 c. Completion of the development of Ice Plant Island: Implementation of the 1991 Master Plan and Feasibility Study for the Elizabeth II Historic Site will add a theater, assembly room, and trails to the site. The expansion will be an added attraction and could increase the visitor population. d. Tax on lodging and prepared foods to advertise the Outer Banks: Manteo stands to benefit from this effort. The results are intended to keep property taxes down and services intact, increase tax revenues, and develop "shoulder seasons" to maximize the use of facilities and services. e. Future relocation of the county government offices outside of Manteo: There are no immediate plans to construct the county complex. The town does not have a policy position on such a move, but it is felt that much of Manteo's identity is tied to its position as the county seat. Ongoing Issues Some ongoing issues will impact Manteo over time. The changes may be subtle but the cumulative effect could cause such things as additional commercial development on Highway 64/264, increased traffic, demand for services, need for housing, and pressure to annex areas adjacent to Manteo. These issues include: a. Overall population growth as people retire to Dare County, purchase second homes, and seek out the area's attractions. (Manteo welcomes additional economic growth in the county and on the island). b. Continuing and steady single-family subdivision development on Roanoke Island. (Manteo expects an increased demand for annexation due to this growth.) • 0 • Manteo Land Use Plan 37 • a • c. Development of Heritage Point on the north end of Roanoke Island. Of the 125 acres, approximately 70 are developable. Planned in three phases; the site includes half -acre lots, boats slips, and a boat basin for homeowners. (Manteo will realize little Impact due to this change other than increased economic gain.) d. Stabilization of Oregon Inlet to boost the area's sports and commercial fishing industry. (Manteo supports the • stabilization; it is critical to the cultural and economic stability of the area.) 0 Manteo Land Use Plan gg Building Relationships The '90s are predicted to be the environmental decade. The public's attention once more is turning to natural, scarce, and threatened resources. At the same time, the economic downturn commands equal attention. Jobs, businesses, productivity are at risk. Quality of life concerns from clean air to job security draw people to the forefront of policy debates. • This is true locally as well as nationally. As Manteo faces the future, town leaders must listen to and work together with groups able to influence local issues. New groups such as the Roanoke Island Merchant's Association, the Friends of Roanoke Island (FRI), and Outer Banks 2000 deserve to be heard. Established organizations including the Area Development Coordination Agency, Dare County Tourist Bureau, Outer Banks • Chamber of Commerce , the Oregon Inlet Commission, Friends of Elizabeth, Roanoke Voyages and Elizabeth II Historic Site Commission, and the Roanoke Island Historical Association will continue to influence local and area decisions. The town's ability to understand the objectives of these groups, to participate when invited, and to assist when appropriate, will help establish Manteo as a leader on emerging issues. • Manteo Land Use Plan 39 0 • PLANNING OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES u E PLANNING OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES Natural Resource Protection The marshlands of Roanoke Island provide important areas for migrating animals and birds. One of the finest Black Needlerush-dominated wetlands remaining in the state borders • the southside of Manteo's Shallowbag Bay. Black Rails, Barn Owls, Least Bitterns, Marsh Wrens, and Clapper Rails can be found nesting, wintering and feeding there. Estuarine waters, including Manteo's Shallowbag Bay and Dough's Creek, are the dominant components and bonding elements of the entire estuarine system and integrate aquatic influences from both land and sea. Although Manteo is almost totally built up, the natural areas along its edges exist in harmony with the bustle of the town's activity. • Manteo's location on Shallowbag Bay provided the town with its early economy: boat building and commercial fishing. As the county seat, Manteo also became the area's mercantile center. As a waterfront town Manteo has always been aware of the relationship among natural resources, water -related and land uses. In fact, the need to examine and plan for the protection and management of Manteo's natural resources has never been more important. The demand for competing uses along the water's edge has increased as Manteo revitalizes the waterfront • and continues to encourage intense private development of retail, residential, and recreational uses. At the same time, the town must be attentive to its limitations: Manteo's soil composition prevents adequate drainage and stormwater runoff impacts the quality of Manteo's waters. Fragile fisheries compete with commercial water -related activities for use of Manteo's waters. • Manteo Land Use Plan 40 As a result, the town needs strong policy direction regarding all water -related issues. This includes a varied range of issues: wetland preservation, fisheries protection, commercial and recreational uses, channel maintenance, storm drainage, wastewater treatment, storm hazard and flood protection. Resource Protection • al• Protect and manage Manteo's natural resources from adverse impacts of recreational and commercial uses. Obiective: Implement plans and projects to accomplish the town's and CAMA's goal for protection and management of natural resources and all water -related issues. Policies: a. Protect structures, facilities, and .residents • of Manteo from unreasonable flood damage. b. Protect Manteo's groundwater from contamination by hazardous or toxic materials. c. Require development proposals on poorly drained soils (virtually all of Manteo) to include a design for drainage improvements. d. Prohibit septic tanks and sewage package • plants in Manteo. Implementation: a. Require development proposals to include a map and design for drainage. (By amendment to the Zoning Ordinance 1992) Manteo Land Use Plan 41 • • • • • Development in Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs) oal: Protect Manteo's Areas of Environmental Concern. Obiective: Keep Manteo's estuarine waters, coastal wetlands, public trust waters, and estuarine shorelines in their natural state and improve their quality when possible. Policies: a. Allow recreational, commercial navigation, and commercial fishing in Manteo's estuarine and public trust waters. b. Allow docks to span coastal wetlands. c. Allow residential, water -related commercial, water -related light industrial, and recreational (parks, parking, etc.) uses along estuarine shorelines. d. Obtain copies of all state permits allowing uses in Areas of Environmental Concern. e. Advise applicants to comply with the Federal Government's 404 Wetlands Permitting Process. f. Comply with the state's policies guiding land uses in.AECs: Estuarine and Public Trust Waters: No littering, untreated waste discharge, live-aboards, interference with commercial fishing facilities or activities. Comply with state use standards. Manteo Land Use Plan 42 Coastal Wetlands: No further dredge and fill without the town's approval, no littering or waste discharge, piers on pilings only, minimum disturbance of marsh during construction. Comply with state use standards. Estuarine Shores: No gas stations or other uses • with hazardous or toxic materials (except marinas), no more than 85% lot coverage with impermeable surfaces in B-2 zone. Comply with state use standards. Water -related Uses (Runoff, Marina Development) Goal: Encourage a mix of traditional and new water -related uses along the waterfront and • Manteo's shorelines. Objective: Keep Manteo's waterfront and shorelines vital, active, and lively for local and visitor use. Policies: a. Maintain the commercial fishing activity along the Manteo waterfront. b. Support state and federal programs related to channel maintenance. c. Encourage new development along the • waterfront to be in keeping with the town's 1981 Guide for Development. d. Assure dock and marina development proceeds in accordance with state use standards. Manteo Land Use Plan 43 • r� u • • Imolementation: • i e. Ensure that dock and marina development is consistent with natural resource protection and production. f. Ensure that dock and marina development meets required water quality standards. g. Encourage new marina and dock development as the need arises. (Most of the Manteo waterfront previously has been dredged. This policy does not preclude necessary maintenance dredging.) h. Consider limiting the number of moorage berths per housing unit to a fraction less than 1 when marinas are ancillary to residential development. i. Dispose discharge from marine toilets into the town's wastewater treatment system. j. Encourage festivals and other events along the waterfront. a. Publicize and enforce marina and dock regulations. b. Pursue extra -territorial jurisdiction over Shallowbag Bay and the areas within a one mile radius of the eastern town limits. (request for ETJ filed 1991) c. Assist channel maintenance by providing dredge spoil disposal sites, applying for necessary permits, and considering (when appropriate) financial assistance. Manreo Land Use Plan 44 d. When appropriate, require federal 404 permits before issuing town building permits. Public Facilities and Utilities (Effluent) Goal: Protect Manteo's ground and surface • water -quality from adverse impacts due to wastewater treatment, storm runoff, flooding, or natural disasters. b'ec ive: Improve Manteo's infrastructure and public facilities. Policies: a. Protect Dough's Creek, Shallowbag Bay and other natural resources from unnecessary adverse impacts of wastewater . treatment discharge and storm runoff. (Any permitted discharges must meet the town's tertiary treatment levels.) b. Remove the sewage treatment tank from the downtown waterfront. c. Prohibit use of septic tanks and package sewage plants. d. Adopt a storm runoff control system to minimize the adverse impacts of storm • water runoff on ground and surface waters. e. Identify drainage problem areas and improve the drainage system. Manreo Land Use Plan 45 • f. Provide catch basins to collect storm runoff from roofs, patios, driveways, non -vegetated surfaces, and other impervious surfaces. g. Redesign and replace old water and sewer utility lines as funds permit. • Implementation: a. Construct a new wastewater treatment facility. (To be constructed with an EPA loan 1992-93) b. Adopt a storm and surface water drainage plan and regulations to minimize problems created by uncontrolled and untreated effluent and pollutants. (Pursue a CAMA grant 1992-93) • c. Update the town's 100 year flood plain map. (in progress, FEMA) • • Manteo Land Use Plan 46 Resource Production and Management • Fishery Nursery Areas Goal: Protect fishery nursery areas. Objective: Recognize the importance of maintaining good water quality and avoid unnecessary disruption of fishery nursery areas. Policy: Discourage uses in Shallowbag Bay and Dough's Creek which adversely impact fishery nursery areas. Allowed uses will only be those permitted by CAMA and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Imolementation: a. Designate AECs on maps when considering development potential of vacant land. b. Identify and inventory AECs for reference and preservation. c. Educate the public about the value and significance of natural resources, particularly areas of environmental concern. Required Issues not relevant to Manteo A number of issues addressed by the state planning guidelines do not apply to Manteo. They include: Productive Agricultural Lands, Commercial Forest Lands, Mineral Production Lands, Off -road vehicles, and Commercial and Residential Land Development. With the exception of an area designated "Conservation", land development is encouraged in Manteo. Manteo Land Use Plan 47 • • Ll 11 The Town of Manteo relies on CAMA's review and permitting process to assess issues such as industrial use impact on fragile areas, development of sound and estaurine system islands, upland excavation for marinas, damaging existing marshes by installing bulkheads, and restricting development in areas up to five feet about mean high water level that may be susceptible to wetland loss. • Manteo has no, and is not touched by, any Outstanding Resource Waters, nor does the town need policy direction regarding offshore drilling. 0 • • Manteo Land Use Plan 48 Cultural and Historic Resources 11 Described as "the goodliest land under the cope of heaven" Roanoke Island is steeped in the lore of the "lost colony" and is widely recognized as having a mystique rooted in history and drama. As Manteo approaches its centennial, the town can point to a • number of sites and amenities which establish the town's heritage and place in history. In addition, townspeople want Manteo to be recognized as a cultural and historic center. Assets such as the Outer Banks History Center, the annual Arts Festival, and the 1991 Master Plan and Feasibility Study for the Elizabeth II Historic Site contribute to the town's cultural endeavors. Goal: Preserve and enhance Manteo's rich cultural • and historic heritage. Obiective: Identify, recognize, and protect cultural and historic resources, sites, and amenities. Policies: a. Enhance Manteo's image as a cultural center. b. Support designation of a historic district. c. Encourage new development adjacent to • historic sites to consider character, scale, bulk, height, and design standards in keeping with existing development. d. Weigh the value of Manteo's history when considering major land use, water -related uses, or transportation changes. Manteo Land Use Plan 49 • e. Recognize Manteo's heritage landmarks such as the Drinkwater house. (The telegraph announcing the successful Wright Brothers flight was dispatched from this house.) f. Encourage public education and • appreciation of Manteo's cultural and historic contributions. g. Support implementation of the 1991 Ice Plant Island master plan. Implementation: a. Conduct an inventory of cultural and historic sites and amenities. (Planning Board 1992-93) • b. Adopt a historic district ordinance. (Board of Commissioners 1993) c. Provide educational opportunities for public edification. d. Identify landmarks with plaques or other markers. n LJ • Manteo Land Use Plan 50 Economic and Community Development • Transportation a. Arterials: Highway 64/264 is Manteo's major thoroughfare. As the only access to the mainland and to the Outer Banks, local traffic shares the highway with pass -through traffic headed to the beaches. • The highway also provides the only access to Roanoke Island's major tourist attractions: the North Carolina Aquarium, Fort Raleigh, "The Lost Colony", the Elizabeth 11 Historic Site, the Elizabethan Gardens, the Christmas Shop, and the Manteo waterfront. Manteo also attracts a stream of traffic to the Dare County Courthouse and other government offices. The state Department of Transportation categorizes Manteo's traffic as: 1) through -traffic: trips with neither • an origin or destination in Manteo; 2) "external -internal" traffic: trips with either an origin or destination in Manteo; and, 3) local traffic: trips that begin and end in Manteo. The department considers these types of trips incompatible with each other. However, in Manteo, all three types must rely on Highway 64/264 for passage through town. Transportation studies recommend separating the types on the highway to alleviate traffic volumes (particularly during the tourist season). • The Town of Manteo supports the NCDOT 1991 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) recommendation to construct a multi -lane bridge across the Croatan Sound diverting Highway 64/264 pass -through traffic away from Manteo. The bridge would span the distance between Gateway Junction at West 264/64 and the Midway junction of 64/345 east of Manteo. Manteo Land Use Plan 51 40 The Town Board has passed three resolutions supporting this recommendation. Goal: Improve transportation circulation in Manteo. Objective: Separate pass -through traffic from local • traffic to ease congestion. Policies: a. Support NCDOT's 1991 TIP recommendation to construct a bridge over Croatan Sound. b. Use existing opportunities such as improved circulation and intra-town diversion from Highway 64 to alleviate traffic congestion until the bridge is constructed. • c. Develop a program of promotion and advertisement identifying Manteo as a destination to capture a portion of the pass through traffic. Implementation: a. Cooperate with NCDOT as it plans the construction of the bridge over Croatan Sound. b. Work with the RIBA, the Dare County • Tourist Bureau, the National Park Service, the RIHA, and other organizations in developing a "Manteo as a destination" program. • Manteo Land Use Plan 52 b. Local Streets: Manteo's local street system has sufficient capacity for existing and future transportation needs. The streets operate well below the average daily trip (ADT) capacity as defined by the state. Manteo has an active street improvement program underway. The town is committed to improving safety and to accommodating the needs of pedestrians, and • bicyclists as well as motorists. Goal: Provide safe and adequate streets in Manteo. Objective: Meet the needs of pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists and others using the street and sidewalk system. Policies: a. Provide a safe street and sidewalk system for all Manteo townspeople. • b. Upgrade the quality of the existing street system with improved circulation and signalization. Carry -out year-to-year sidewalk improvement plan. c. Encourage maximum use of the entire street system. Maintain integrity of small town character with use of improved intra- town circulation system. (This policy does not imply widening of streets.) • d. Attend to pedestrian needs with regard to safety and speeding. e. Consider the location of curb cuts when approving new development or substantial redevelopment. Manteo Land Use Plan 53 • f. Encourage new development to make necessary safety and circulation improvements. g. Encourage walking and biking to reduce traffic. • Implementation: a. Adopt a street improvement plan. (Town staff 1992, 1993) b. Use public education to inform motorists about neighborhood safety. (Continuing public awareness programs) c. Discoprage the use of curb and gutter when it prohibits natural drainage. c. Parking: Manteo's parking supply is adequate during the "off-season" months. However during the tourist season, and particularly at peak times, visitors compete with locals for parking spaces near and around the waterfront. Although the master plan for the waterfront development recommended that visitors be directed to Ice Plant Island to park, little or no effort is made to encourage or require this. The effect would be to separate local short-term parking needs from longer -term visitor needs. • However, during peak times, visitors compete with merchants, employees, residents, employers, and local shoppers for a limited supply of parking spots. The perceived parking problem seems to be concentrated in an area near and around the waterfront. Goal: Meet the parking needs for locals and visitors during peak visitation periods. Manteo Land Use Plan 54 Obiective: Make better use of the available parking supply and reduce the competition for limited spaces. Policies: a. Provide necessary parking during peak times. b. Encourage employers to cooperate with a • parking plan during peak visitation months. c. Provide clear direction to available parking lots and spaces. d. Encourage small pocket parking lots on available vacant land. Implementation: a. Conduct a parking study and adopt a parking plan. (DOT 1992, 1993) b. Work with employers to reduce the number of employee vehicles during peak visitation periods. c. Improve signage directing traffic to Ice Plant Island. (DOT 1992, 1993) Land Use Manteo is mostly built up, with a few vacant lots and • underdeveloped parcels scattered through the town. Land uses evolved as needs arose and the mix contributes to the small town character. Retail, residential, and commercial blend compatibly along the waterfront and along the highway. Design guidelines and zoning restrictions have been adopted to buffer the impacts when differing uses abut. Manteo Land Use Plan 55 10 Established residential neighborhoods are stable with few changes expected. However, Manteo annexed Pirates Cove in 1988, a mixed -used planned unit development at the foot of the Baum bridge. Primarily residential with single-family homes and condominiums, Pirates Cove is also known for its sports fishing marina and seasonal tournaments. • Pirates Cove is only partially built up; it has the potential for 229 single family homes, 530 multi -family units, a 40 room inn, 16,132 square feet of retail, and 156 boat slips. Of the total 548 acres, only 135 are developable. Separated physically from the rest of Manteo by marshland and water and protected by a security gate, Pirates Cove has yet to become an integral part of Manteo. The commercial strip along the highway is most susceptible to growth due to land availability and traffic. As traffic increases, there will more demand for commercial uses along Highway • 64/264. Since the first planning process in 1980, Manteo townspeople have wrestled with mixing local and visitor needs. Manteo is the county seat and the employment center for county government offices. 'Manteo businesses also provide basic goods and services for its permanent year round residential community. With the Elizabeth II Historic Site as an attraction, the Manteo waterfront was intended to become destination for tourists. • The Elizabeth II Historic Site and Manteo's waterfront do, in fact, attract a number of Island visitors. As with other attractions, visitation drops off during winter months. However, considering the number of visitors to the NC Aquarium, the Lost.Colony, Fort Raleigh and the Elizabethan Gardens, the Manteo waterfront and the Elizabeth II vessel are not attracting their proportionate share of visitors. • Manteo Land Use Plan 56 As far as new development is concerned, Manteo has limited available land for residential, commercial, industrial, or institutional development. Two of the largest developable parcels in Manteo are owned by the town. Site C on the waterfront is in the B-1 zone and is planned for additional retail and residential uses and Site D (the existing Post Office), also in the B-1 zone, could also be developed as retail or mixed use. • The other large planned development is the expansion of the Elizabeth II site on Ice Plant Island. The 1991 Master Plan and Feasibility Study recommends construction of a theater (with stage and covered arcade); a festival park and connecting trail system; a remodeled Visitor's Center; and expansion of the existing maintenance facility. In addition the plan recommends adding 52 parking spaces to the existing lot and reforesting newly developed areas. The master plan is consistent with the Town of Manteo's original • conceptual plan for the island. The purpose of the expansion is to create an alternative attraction for visitors when the Elizabeth II is on a voyage and to provide needed facilities for local use. Manteo has one subdivision, Pirate's Cove, and no industrial parks. Manteo's preferred growth pattern is concentrated commercial to avoid sprawl and infill in residential areas to maximize small lots. Goal: Continue developing as a small compact • family -oriented town. Objective: Enhance Manteo's blend of residential and commercial uses, recreational opportunities, visitor attractions, and natural resources as a setting for harmonious living and working. • Manteo Land Use Plan 57 i Policies: Residential Manteo has a compact urban form and allows residential uses in every zoning district. a. Preserve Manteo's residential integrity. • b. Consider the interests and welfare of the community when making land use decisions. c. Examine land use constraints (soils, drainage, natural resources) and their potential impacts when considering land use changes. d. Balance the needs of permanent residents and area locals with the needs of visitors. • e. Create "self-help" local incentive programs for neighborhood improvements and upkeep. f. Ensure acceptable visual transition from one housing density to another. g. Make use of Planned Unit Developments (PUDs) to promote and ensure a range of housing opportunities. • h. Consider the need for retirement housing. Commercial Manteo attempts to concentrate commercial development to prevent sprawl. a. Preserve Manteo's small town character when considering commercial development. b. Provide retail uses along the waterfront for locals as well as visitors. • Manteo Land Use Plan 58 c. Support redevelopment of Sites C and D along the waterfront. d. Encourage new development to be compatible with the existing scale, bulk, height, intensity, and function of surrounding development. • e. Integrate new development into existing uses with regard to use and appearance. f. Consider the interests and welfare of the community when making land use decisions. g. Examine land use constraints (soil, drainage, natural resources) and their potential impacts when considering and use changes. • h. Consider the relationship among population, job growth, and housing needs when making land use changes. I. Encourage mixed use developments to maximize use of limited vacant land. j. Concentrate Highway 64/264 commercial development in the block between Bowser Town Road and Fernando Street and west • to the town limits to prevent sprawl. k. Encourage assemblage of small . commercial lots along Highway 64/264 to discourage sprawl. Implementation: a. Create a neighborhood improvement program to upgrade and maintain housing quality. (Apply for a CDBG grant 1992, 1993) Manteo [and Use Plan 59 ll 11 Economics b. Require new developments to include a percent of below market -rate housing. (Amend Subdivision Ordinance 1992, 1993) c. Provide incentives to developers to design PUDs for maximum use of property with environmental constraints. (Amend PUD Ordinance 1992, 1993) d. Complete retail and residential development of Sites C and D on the waterfront. (Work with private developers 1995) Manteo has two major types of employers: institutional and commercial. Institutional employers include the State of North • Carolina, Dare County government and schools, and the Town of Manteo. Major commercial employers include retail, services, food, and lodging establishments many of whom rely on tourism for economic viability. Institutional employers provide year round jobs; some commercial businesses expand to accommodate tourism during the summer months. As with other Dare County communities, Manteo supports developing the "shoulder" season before and after the summer months to attract visitors. Objective: Policies: E Provide a healthy and stable economic environment. Maintain residential integrity as commercial interests develop. a. Support development of the "shoulder season". Manteo Land Use Plan 60 b. Cooperate with county, state, and federal agencies to pursue economic opportunities for Manteo. c. Enhance Manteo's unique small town character. d. Encourage a mix of residential and • commercial uses. e. Encourage economic diversity to increase job opportunities. f. Collaborate with the Merchant's Association to promote and attract tourism. g. Support channel maintenance and other efforts to promote water -related recreational • and commercial uses. h. Cooperate with Dare County, the state and federal agencies to enhance Manteo's appeal as a destination. Annexation With Manteo's available infrastructure and public service capacity, the pressure to annex adjacent areas will increase. • Clear policy direction will enable the town officials to pursue annexation in a thoughtful manner. Analysis of the costs and benefits of annexation both to the town and to the residents and landowners being annexed requires careful consideration. 0 Manteo Land Use Plan 61 • u n U For instance, the town may wish to annex undeveloped land to protect its integrity and to assure development in accord with Manteo's 1981 Guide for Development, sign code, and zoning ordinances. In this case, the town should plan for the service needs over time as development occurs. The town should analyze the development potential to determine future service and infrastructure needs. If the town annexes developed land, it should be fully aware of any existing or anticipated service or infrastructure improvements. In this case, the town should be able to provide needed services to the newly annexed area without diminishing existing and potential service to current residents and landowners. Goal: Protect Manteo's integrity and character. Objective: Use annexation as a growth management tool to enhance Manteo's residential quality and economic vitality. Policies: a. Identify areas adjacent to Manteo which impact the town's residential and commercial qualities. b. Pursue extra -territorial jurisdiction over adjacent areas. c. Recognize the integrity and special features of potential annexation areas. d. Establish the town's service needs before annexing new areas. e. Provide the same level of service to annexed areas without diminishing the quality of service to existing residents and landowners. • Manteo Land Use Plan 82 f. Be able to charge residents and landowners of annexed areas the same utility upgrading costs as current users. g. Charge undeveloped areas and areas seeking voluntary annexation the initial cost of installation. • Imolementation: a. Identify potential annexation areas. (Planning Board 1992, 1993) b. Create a "spheres of influence" map indicating areas outside Manteo that impact the town. (Planning and Zoning Board, Board of Commissioners 1992, 1993) c. List criteria for annexation and adhere • to annexation policies and resolutions. d. Adopt an annexation ordinance. Continuing Public Participation Manteo's initial planning process in 1980 was known for its involvement of the townspeople. Planners used community - based goal -setting to enable Manteo residents and business people to establish the direction they wanted to pursue for the • waterfront downtown revitalization. The resulting plan became a model for small town planning. The 1985 Land Use Plan relied on a community survey and public hearing to involve townspeople in the review. Survey results helped direct the policy for the five year planning period. The 1991 Land Use Plan review process combined a number of participatory methods to include the public. The process borrowed the 1980 theme "Come sit on our front porch..." to remind people of their earlier goal -setting and to interest them in the current review process. • Manteo Land Use Plan 63 n U The process began in early January of 1991 with individual interviews with elected officials, planning board members, as well as county and area officials to determine the effect of existing policy and to detect measurable changes which might affect Manteo. Focus groups comprised of the Roanoke Island Business • Association, the Friends of Roanoke Island, Elizabeth II staff met during January and February with the consultant to discuss issues. Early in February a mailout survey was distributed to all Manteo water customers. Results were used as the topic of a public meeting in February. At the conclusion of that meeting townspeople had agreed on a revised set of goals for the 1991 planning period. During the spring months the planning board reviewed the . proposed plan and on June 19 the Town of Manteo held a final public meeting to receive comments on the proposed plan before presentation to CAMA. The results of the community input, the survey, and the results are documented in Section V of this plan. Manteo's policy direction for public participation is based on a decade long history of townspeople's involvement. o I: Involve Manteo townspeople in the planning process. • Objective: Provide policy direction that is consistent with community values, goals, and expectations related to growth and change. Policies: a. Provide opportunities for effective public participation in planning issues. b. Enlist task forces and ad hoc committees as needed to assist with implementing the land use plan. • Manteo Land Use Plan 64 c. Conduct public meetings, use the town's letter, and contact the media to keep townspeople informed about planning. Implementation: Develop an ongoing "communication plan" to keep the public informed and to provide opportunities for active participation. (1993) (See Appendix D for details of 1991 Community Involvement Process) • • C� Manteo Land Use Plan 65 • • • • Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post Storm Recovery, and Evacuation Storm Hazard Mitigation The major storm damage threats to Manteo include flooding and wind damage. Most of Manteo is classified by the FFIA as an "A" zone and is subject to flooding by the "100 year" storm event. Wind speed is likely to be consistent over the entire town. Most structures are at least partially screened although falling trees and power lines could be a problem in a large storm. In terms of the "magnitude of the risk", most of the town's residents and businesses are subject to flooding and are endangered by high winds. Due to the nature and magnitude of the potential flooding and wind risks, Manteo should be treated as one unit for the purpose of storm mitigation. Considering this, there is no need for the town to discourage development in any particular area to minimize risks. The town does not consider land acquisition an applicable mitigation tool. Goal: Minimize the risk of damage due to flooding and wind during storms. Objective: Provide reasonable protection to townspeople and structures during and after major storms. Policies: a. Follow the Emergency Response Procedure to coincide with Dare County's Emergency Response Plan. b. Enforce the FEMA established reasonable flood elevation levels. c. Comply with state regulations regarding tiedown of mobile homes. Manteo Land Use Plan 66 d. Encourage all boats berthed at town docks to move to a safe location in the event of a Readiness Condition #3 declaration. e. Prepare for the securing of the utility system if a "Readiness Condition 1" (12 hours or less until landfall) is declared. The following policies apply during Readiness #1: • f. Shut down wastewater treatment facility when local flooding begins. g. Cooperate with NC Power when advised to shut down electrical power. h. Comply with recommendations regarding the shut down of the water system. Imolementation: Enact the storm mitigation plan. • Post Storm Recovery It is unlikely Manteo will experience damage rated as a "disaster". Past storms have caused water damage to structures, vehicles, landscaping, and deposited sediments in certain areas caused wind destruction to trees, power lines, and roofs. It is doubtful that any damaged structures would be prohibited • from rebuilding. All rebuilding would comply with existing codes and in the event of a non -conforming use, reconstruction would be governed by the zoning ordinance and building code. However, in the unlikely event of major damage, the town has established basic procedures. Goal: To recover from storm damage quickly and smoothly. Manteo Land Use Plan 67 • i i • • Objective: To respond immediately after a storm to restore town services and address any problems arising from the storm damage. Policies: a. Deploy the Town Recovery Team. (Town Administrator, Leader; Designated town commissioner and planning board member; town building inspector; town utilities director, superintendent; chief of police; and town clerk. b. Charge the team with explicit instructions for recovery. c. Begin damage assessment and emergency repairs of public utilities as soon as possible. d. Begin the demolition or stabilization of damaged structures that pose a threat to public safety as soon as possible. e. Delay reconstruction of those structures not posing a public safety hazard until the recovery team has made its appraisal. f. Begin issuing building permits to those structures requiring work prior to rehabilitation. g. Begin issuing general building permits. Implementation: Enact the Recovery Plan to: 1. assess damages and report to town board; 2. Begin issuing building permits in priority. order. 3. restore services as quickly as possible; 0 Manteo Land Use Plan 68 4. supervise cleanup; • B. recommend emergency measures or redevelopment standards to board; 6. evaluate town's response and recommend needed changes in the "Procedures"; 7. cooperate with state, federal, local, and private entities involved in damage • assessment and cleanup; and, 8. perform other functions as deemed necessary by the town board. Comment: Following a storm, the town will delay issuing building permits for reconstruction or repair of major damage until the team presents its report. Major repairs are those which cost more than 30% of the value of the structure. The Recovery Team may recommend special building provisions for structures with extensive damage. • Hurricane Evacuation Manteo is governed by Dare County's Evacuation Plan and is committed to working closely with the county to provide for evacuation and shelter of residents and visitors. The county plan will recommend the appropriate time for re-entry to Manteo in case of major damage. The town's police department is charged with traffic control during evacuation. u • Manteo Land Use Plan 69 C� *I LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM E �.J LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM Definition North Carolina's Land Classification System provides a uniform way to examine how a county or town's land uses interact with environmentally sensitive areas and with existing development. The system is not a regulatory device but rather a tool to • describe relationships among types of land uses and their ability to shape local policy. The classification system pays particular attention to the land use intensity and the level of services needed to support the intensity. The system also enables governments to anticipate services that will be needed to support new development. There are seven general land use classifications: Developed, Urban Transition, Limited Transition, Community, Rural, Rural • with Services, and Conservation. When applying the . classification system, local governments should carefully consider how, where, and when to encourage or discourage certain types and intensity of development. The following is an abbreviated definition of the Land Classification System: Developed: urban land uses and higher intensity uses presently requiring traditional urban services; Urban Transition: areas developing or expected to • develop as urban and in need of urban services; Limited Transition: areas expected to have services, but are suitable for lower densities that those associated with the Urban Transition classification. Community: land not expected to require sewer services; central sewage will not be provided as a catalyst for future development but may be provided to correct an existing or projected public health hazard. • Manteo Land Use Plan 70 Rural: agriculture, forestry, mineral extraction, and other low intensity land uses; very low density dispersed residential uses. (Generally public or private water or sewer systems will not be provided as an incentive for intense development in rural areas). Rural with Services: areas for very low density land uses including residential where limited water services are • provided to avert an existing or projected health problem. Conservation: areas in need of long-term management and protection of significant, limited, or irreplaceable natural resources; areas of environmental concern (AECs). • • Manteo Land Use Plan 71 • E Application to Manteo Manteo's land uses can be described by two classifications: Developed and Conservation. Most of Manteo is developed and • the entire town is served by public water and sewer. The Conservation areas include Manteo's coastal wetlands under state jurisdiction and 404 wetlands under federal jurisdiction, the estuarine waters, and estuarine shorelines. Although Conservation areas may be used, the uses are restricted and must be managed carefully. • • I* Manteo Land Use Plan 72 • 0 • APPENDIX APPENDIX Evaluation of 1986 Policies Manteo has implemented or is in the process of implementing many of the existing policies. A number require ongoing implementation and are accomplished as needs or issues arise. Of those not yet implemented, some have been revised for the N 1992 Plan. Some of the policies in the 1986 plan are actually state and federal requirements with which Manteo must comply. These will no longer be identified as policies, since the town already has ordinances in place. The following chart indicates which policies have implemented (1), are in progress (IP), are ongoing (OG), or have yet to be implemented (NI). • • • Manteo Land Use Plan 73 POLICY STATUS DATE ASSISTING AGENCY OR FUNDING SERVICE DEVELOPMENT IN AECs Prepare a topo map of Manteo NI 1993 Dare County Soil & Water Conservation Office Redefine 100 year flood level IP 1993 FEMA Prevent leakage of underground tanks I Prohibit disposal of hazard waste I Prohibit septic tanks 1 Connect annexed areas to sewer system I New development must design and construct drainage improvements I Enforce state regulations with regard to Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC) I Allow no more than 30% lot coverage with impermeable surfaces in B-2 zones I • DEVELOPMENT NEAR HISTORIC/CULTURAL SITES Encourage development of or near historic and cultural sites to be in character and to enhance the sites NI 1993 PZB Give special design consideration to the area bordered by Highway 64/264, Fernando Street, John Borden and Barlowe Streets and Dough's Creek due to its historical significance NI 1993 PZB Avoid any action which may threaten the integrity of the Elizabeth II NI 1993 PZB Manteo Land Use Plan 74 • • • C� P LICY MANAGEMENT OF_STORMWATER RUNOFF Prevent stormwater runoff on developed sites from flowing onto or across adjacent property without easement or drainage Identify and correct storm drainage problems as funds become available Try to dispose of stormwater runoff on site When proposed new development plans to use the public storm drains or ditches, developers should demonstrate that 1) capacity exists to carry the additional stormwater, 2) the additional stormwater will not cause overflow or damage, and 3) the additional stormwater will not cause contamination The town will require the design of new storm drains or culverts to be able to convey all current and projected flows from the additional basin MARINA, DOCK, FLOATING HOME DEV. Allow new marina development in existing dredged areas only Prohibit overboard sewage discharge Require live aboards to obtain a conditional use permit Comply with all town docking ordinances WASTEWATER TREATMENT Operate a single centrally located wastewater treatment plant and use a discharge point in Shallowbag Bay for effluent STATUS NI DATE ASSISTING AGENCY OR FUNDING SERVICE 1993 PZB/CAMA NI 1992/OG NI 1992/OG NI 1993/OG DOT NI 1993 DOT NI 1993 PZB NI NI NI 1992 1992 PZB 1992 1993 Manteo Land Use Plan 75 POLICY STATUS DATE ASSISTING AGENCY OR FUNDING SERVICE Use a state-of-the-art tertiary treatment process to insure the greatest degree of treatment is obtained IP 1993 Upon completion of the tertiary treatment plant, the Town will remove the existing plant from Shallowbag Bay OG 1994 ECONOMICS Connect all residential, business, and occupied structures to the town's water and sewer system 1 Require new development to pay for the extension of water and sewer lines I New development will pay for any increase in needed utility capacity I No development permits will be issues until compliance with the above policies Areas outside the town wishing services must petition for annexation If the extension requires a capital expense, the annexation request must include a method for funding the extension If annexation areas include already approved subdivisions, Dare County must certify an allotment of water above and beyond the existing allotment The annexation petition must include an evaluation of the costs and benefits to the town for providing services I URBAN GROWTH Downtown Encourage new development in downtown OG Manteo Land Use Plan 76 • • 17� • POLICY STATUS DATE ASSISTING AGENCY OR FUNDING SERVICE Encourage new downtown development to conform to 1981 design standards NI 1992 PZB Address the parking problem NI 1993 PZB/DOT Encourage mixed uses NI 1992 PZB Support the creation of a Roanoke Island Merchant's Association I Proceed with development of a new facility on Ice Plant Island IP Encourage the relocation of inappropriate uses and redefine permitted uses NI 1993 PZB Highway 641264 Petition the NCDOT to prepare a long- range plan for Manteo I • Based on the plan's recommendations, amend setback ordinances NI 1993 PZB Require new development to provide sidewalks OG . Encourage new development to conform with the town's character NI 1992/OG PZB Encourage use of vegetative and structural buffers between differing uses I East of Highway • Create a historic district OG Encourage new development to conform with neighboring structures NI 1992/OG PZB West of Highway Rezone areas from R-2 to R-5 NI 1992 PZB Manteo Land Use Plan 77 POLICY Consolidate small lots for redevelopment Seek a Community Development Block Grant to improve streets, drainage, and housing conditions Support neighborhood cleanup Support development of large vacant parcels as multi -family dwelling units High School and Ice Plant Island Consider creating an Institutional zone for schools, parks, conservation areas, government buildings, and public facilities Develop a portion of Ice Plant Island as a park in cooperation with the State CHANNEL MAINTENANCE Evaluate any potential state or federal programs Invite state/federal officials to make presentations Encourage the Board of Commissioners to debate the issue and take a position Assist channel maintenance and beach nourishment projects STATUS ATE ASSISTING AGENCY OR FUNDING SERVICE NI 1995 NI 1993 OG OG NI IP OG OG OG OG TOURISM AND WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT Continue to support the wise development of the downtown OG Encourage businesses to landscape and "dress up" areas OG Address downtown parking 1992 PZB Manteo Land Use Plan 78 • 0 7 L] • • u POLICY STATUS DATE ASSISTING AGENCY OR FUNDING SERVICE Encourage formation of merchant's association to promote Manteo I Investigate innovative ways to reach downtown (train, launch) OG Remove sewage plant from waterfront IP Evaluate current access and egress routes to the Elizabeth II OG Appoint a committee to steer the develop- ment of a public beach on Ice Plant Island I Evaluate the potential waterfront access of sites such as Scarborough Creek and Croatan Sound NI 1993 CAMA/LWCF ANNEXATION Annexation is a prerequisite for receiving services from Manteo Accept annexation petitions Annexation petitions must include a study of costs and benefits to the town (except for single lots) I Require Dare County to allot additional water If long-term costs of annexation outweigh the benefits to existing residents, the town can deny the petition to annex NI WATER AND SEWER LINE REPLACEMENT Set priorities for replacing water and sewer lines IP Use a special water and.sewer revenue fund IP Manteo Land Use Plan 79 POLICY STATUS DATE ASSISTING AGENCY OR FUNDING SERVICE PARKING Maximize the use of on -street parking OG Use signs to encourage on -street parking outside the downtown OG Maximize the use of both public and private on -street parking OG Enter into agreements with private property owners to provide public parking OG Consider acquisition of small vacant lots for public parking OG Consider use of imminent domain to acquire land for parking NI Require developers to provide public spaces NI 1993 PZB Increase use of parking at the Elizabeth II Historic Site IP Encourage people to walk from the Historic Site to the town IP HIGHWAY 64/264 Ask DOT to prepare a thoroughfare plan for Manteo I Work with legislative delegation and DOT to make Highway improvements a high priority I Adopt a special overlay ordinance to deal with new development along the highway NI 1993 PZB Encourage clustering of new development along the highway NI 1993 PZB Require businesses to provide access to side streets NI 1993 PZB Manteo Land Use Plan 80 LA 0 • • 11 • POLICY STATUS DATE ASSISTING AGENCY OR FUNDING SERVICE Require driveway access along the highway to be 500 feet apart NI 1993 PZB Consider setbacks to allow for access roads NI 1993 PZB UNDERGROUND UTILITIES Support investigation of new utility corridor from beach to mainland OG • Encourage the Corridor Commission to form a task force on utility lines with representation from NC Power, the town, Dare County, Carolina Telephone, and cable TV. NI 1993 Encourage NC Power to get more of the utility system underground OG Urge the Corridor Commission to seek state funds OG • Confer with utility companies on procedures for joint action IP Consider utility line undergrounding when making water and sewer line replacement plans IP Integrate undergrounding of utility lines with water and sewer line replacement construction IP PUBLIC PARTICIPATION • Sponsor a semi-annual forum with the Board of Commissioners and Planning Board to discuss major issues NI 1992 PZB/BOC Encourage local media to feature Planning Board Agendas NI 1992 PZB Set Commission agendas ahead of time to encourage discussion OG 0 Manteo Land Use Plan 81 POLICY STATUS Schedule one Planning Board meeting a quarter to deal with planning issues only NI Request more public input OG Encourage more press coverage OG Appoint more special task forces to address issues and make recommendations to the commission OG STORM HAZARD MITIGATION Develop and adopt an Emergency Response Procedure in cooperation with Dare County I Support flood insurance elevations and enforce the elevations in effect I Require tie down of mobile homes 1 In the event of a "Readiness Condition #3" hurricane watch, all boats berthed at the town docks or moored in proximity to will be moved to a safe location I In the event of a "Readiness Condition #1" (12 hours or less til landfall) the town will make preparations to secure its utility system. I Establish a Manteo Storm Recovery Team I Prepare an information brochure for the community I Delay issuance of building permits for reconstruction or repair until the recovery team has made its report I DATE ASSISTING AGENCY OR FUNDING SERVICE 1992 PZB Manteo Land Use Plan 82 • • • C� • • Elizabeth O Master Plan Site Plan • E Manteo Land Use Plan 83 m ILL- $xlw1'Id 04y I jr.6ij+Y1 'S31YOO5Sy I U'7 =d HLx0qLvx>v A=1 YJ LO� 'SUYDC%y T jjcucj--Y 4 DCAOLS" ILYIS Ij q u z i):j HYM U5 DrZjsw fit -W o c - yTr" IDW;" D"Cr" -W I'SI -Wrv" 7.LVXN -je 6 s NW ous:lx>*!n -:)y I p - 3avpp Taol Y.LY0 ills A" 2116�T," six - 'CKM 3DNY?QJJ" mw sm�y Crm 1)"WaLmyel v 1. "06 r)G3:Im I 1ca IYIVS Kwo DNU- s 134 . .. .... ---------- creu 1-03 RVC) IN XILN o1s) SVM 3 PU* V"X • 11 mnyzn3 BE Maps • • Existing Land Use Map Current Zoning Map Land Classification Map • Manteo Land Use Plan 84 10 LEGEND • 0 B-1 Retail/Commerc lie • ❑ B-2 Retail/Commerc ❑ R-1 Low Density Re M R-2 Medium Density R-5 High Density Re TOWN OF M .IAN. 31, Ml SCALE GREEN u O ASSO ENCNEERS , 'LANNERS RALECN, NON`N :.Mw... fYu}r \ �� +v.r AO- 0 I* 1; ROANOKE SOUND I LEGEND Conservation © Wetlands Coastal Shoreline ® Estuarian Waters Developed All remaining Manteo land I X. I TOWN OF MANTEO JAN. 31. 1991 SCALE 1' - 1000' 100o' 500' 0' 1000' 2000' F. T. GREEN AND ASSOCIATES, P.A. ENGINEERS / PLANNERS / SURWYORS RALEIGH. NORTH CAROLINA + + + + + + + + + + t + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + t t + + + + + + + ROANOKE SOUND + "+ + + + -F + t t - + -F + . M + + + + . . + } -F t + + . -F + + + + ^ F + t + + + + + . + + t + . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + t t + + --------- - _ -- _ ) - �*+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +' - ___--- __-- — % + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +�•`__ _---_-------_ Ll + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + t +• - - - - - - - % + + + + + + + + + + t + + + t + + + + t + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + j + + + + + + + + F + + + + t +———— — — — — —— + + + + + + + +HA+LOWS . 6+Y + + + + + + +� - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + I - - - - -- - -- + + t + + + + + + + + + + + + +/_--_ —_--_ - --- _ - + + + + + + + + _ a� _--- + + + + + +1==________-________ / + +v°� + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + l _ __— — __— _——_—=----- — + + + / + + + + + + + + + +i-- --------- -------------/ - _ _ 7d 'b + 1 + + + t + + + + + + TARHOTO CRTEF]( } �+ +gJ+ + + SHALLOWBAG L BAY- + + + + + + _____________ _ — -� + + + t + + t + t + + + + + — — — — — — — — — — — _ — — _ _ _ -/ ,' .. -.., Land Classification Map . Community Survey Interviews The review of the 1991 Land Use Plan began with informal interviews with local officials. A structured questionnaire • enabled the consultant to interview the officials individually to gather information regarding their concerns for the five year planning period and beyond. In addition, the consultant conducted several other individual interviews with key residents and businesspeople. This was the first step in the public process and provided a basis for the remainder of the community involvement. • Focus Groups The consultant facilitated informal focus groups with the Town Commissioners and Planning Board as well as the Roanoke Island Merchant's Association. The focus groups allowed the officials and businesspeople to brainstorm ideas about how to revise Manteo's goals and what to emphasize in the coming planning period. • Results of the focus groups were consistent with the individual interviews. Community Survey The information gathered from the questionnaire and focus groups was used to develop a community survey. the survey asked respondents to comment on how well the town has . achieved Manteo's 1981 goals, what goals to add, and other questions related to the planning process. The survey was sent to the 550 town households and businesses. Of the 550 surveys distributed, 60 were returned. Manteo Land Use Plan 85 The intent of the survey was to kindle an interest in the Land Use Plan update and to get an idea of the most frequently mentioned issues. Although the return was small (60), the results were consistent with the interviews and other information. For the most part, people are pretty satisfied with Manteo's ability to achieve its goals. As a matter of fact, with some adjustments, the 1981 goals are still applicable. Concern for the environment (natural resources), Manteo's small town character, the relationship between locals and visitors, the town's economic well-being. The goals pertaining to the use of the water are significant due to the demands on the waterfront for additional commercial activity and increased recreational opportunities, as well as the local versus visitor relationship, plus the need to protect and manage the natural resources. These issues are so interrelated that they surface repeatedly in some combination or other. Summary of Survey Results 1. How would you rate the achievements of the 1981 Goals for Manteo? About half of the respondents indicated they are "very satisfied" or "satisfied" with the town's achievements related to attracting tourism, preserving the town's character and small town atmosphere, preserving natural resources and providing parks. About the same number indicated they are "not very satisfied" or "unsatisfied" with the town's achievements related to recruiting new business, providing more jobs, and diversifying the economy. Manteo Land Use Plan 86 • • Response to the achievement of other goals relating to street improvements, housing opportunities, and water -related activities was almost evenly divided between "satisfaction" and "dissatisfaction". • 2. What goals would you add? The most frequently mentioned responses to this included resolve the parking issues (on or near the waterfront), focus on being the cultural and governmental center of the Outer Banks, improve the appearance of the town (streets, sidewalks, dilapidated buildings, signs), keep an eye on residential quality, and offer more housing opportunities. . 3. On a scale of 1-10 how would you rate Manteo's efforts to create a "day -visitor experience" while keeping the small town character? (This was the primary 1981 goal.) Of the 48 responses to this question, 34 rated the effort above 5. Twenty-three respondents rated it at seven and above. Both 7 and 8 received nine votes and four respondents circled 10. 4. What do you foresee ad Manteo's important issues • over the next five years? The most frequently mentioned responses were transportation (parking, traffic, street conditions), affordable housing, recycling, the economy (stabilize, diversify), the waterfront, and the future of the north end of Roanoke Island. • Manteo Land Use Plan 87 5. Name three things you would change about Manteo. The two most frequently mentioned responses to this question included transportation issues (speed limits, parking, sidewalks, traffic) and appearance issues (landscaping, neighborhood upkeep, cleaning up the commercial strip, and installing • underground cable.) 6. Name three places, structures, or features of Manteo you value and would like to see stay the same. The most frequently mentioned item was the County Courthouse. (Even if the use changes, the courthouse should stay.) Other responses included the waterfront, the Goldie Meekins house ( and other historic resources), the annual events, and • the small town character. 7. Describe your vision for Manteo's future. Many of the items mentioned here had surfaced in previous responses and, again, indicate consistency with earlier input. The most frequently mentioned items included: keep small town character; expand recycling; become cultural center; encourage "day -visitor experience"; establish unique businesses; maintain permanent • residential character; clean up homes and businesses; develop waterway port; preserve heritage; regard seniors; and keep schools in town. 1] Manteo Land Use Plan 88 a • 8. How frequently do you use the waterfront for recreation, shopping, boating, visiting friends, other? Somewhere between a third and a half of the respondents use the waterfront up to four times a month for the above activities. The most • frequently mentioned other activity was dining and 10% indicated they dine on the waterfront more than once a week. 9. How frequently do you shop on Highway 64, on the beach, away from the Outer Banks? Almost all the respondents shop on the highway. About half indicated they shop there between 0 and 7 times a month; the other half shop there • seven or more times a month. About half the respondents shop on the beach between 0 and 7 times a month and two-thirds shop away from the Outer Banks between 0 and 4 times a month. 9a. What would cause you to shop in Manteo more frequently? The most frequently mentioned responses to this question were more variety and a better selection; • a good department store; and a better grocery store. • Manteo Land Use Plan 89 10. Five of the area's 15 major attractions are on Roanoke Island. How often do you visit these places (during a season)? Fort Raleigh: About a third of the respondents visit Fort Raleigh once a season; a third several times. NC Aquarium: Slightly over a third visit the aquarium once a season and another third several times. Elizabethan Gardens: Almost half the respondents visit the gardens once a season; about a third several times. Lost Colony: A half of the respondents see the "Lost Colony" once a season; 10 indicated they see it several times. Elizabeth II Site: Slightly less than a third visit the Elizabeth II once a season; over a third visit it several times. About on out of six of the respondents never visit any of the attractions. 11. Do you attend Manteo's four annual events? 40 Eighty-five percent of the respondents attend Dare • Day; sixty percent attend the Arts Festival; seventy-five percent attend the Fourth of July; and seventy-five percent attend the Christmas Parade. 1la. Do you think you would support more annual events? A half said yes; several did not respond. u Manteo Land Use Plan 90 n u 12. What kind of facility would you like to see on Ice Plant Island in addition to the Elizabeth II Historic Site? The responses fell into three categories: Historic (crafts form the period, a settlers village, an Indian • museum); Facility (outdoor theater, children's theater, youth center, community center, and planetarium); and Recreation (gardens, boat launch, jogging path, playground/picnic area, bathing beach). 13. Number in order of importance these planning issues (1 being most important): Land Use, Historic and Cultural Preservation, Transportation, community Design, Housing, Natural Resources, Economic Development. • The distribution on these was fairly even. Land use got 15 "ones"; nine "twos, and 49 overall votes. Historic and cultural preservation got 11 "ones"; 12 "twos", 10 "threes", and 49 overall votes. Economic development also got 11 'ones"; only 2 "twos" and 41 overall votes. Natural resources would be next; followed by transportation; housing and community design. Fourteen through 20 were demographic questions asked to get • an indication of who filled out the surveys. Responses indicated that two-thirds of the respondents were single-family homeowners who live on the East (downtown) side of the highway. • Of those who indicated an income range, half (33) checked incomes between. $15,000 - 75,000. Six respondents indicated incomes of + $75,000 and 11 below $14,000. The respondents were evenly divided between male and female. A third were business owners; one of five work in Manteo; about one in five were retired. Manteo Land Use Plan 91 Of those who indicated their length of residency (47), 31 have lived in Manteo fewer than 20 years; 21 fewer than 10. The responses ranged from four months to 86 years; the median was 18 years; the mean 8. About half the respondents are between 29 and 55 years of age. Ages ranged from 29 to 91. The median was 49; the • mean 45. Summary It would be inappropriate to draw solid conclusions about peoples assessment of the town's actions. However, the survey was intended to provide some indication of the "community pulse" and it accomplished that. The small town character and elements that contribute to • improving residential quality of life continue to rate high on the list. Balancing local versus visitor needs surfaces in relationship to parking, the waterfront, and the quality of shopping opportunities. Due to the differing needs of locals and visitors, (and in anticipation of attracting more visitors to Manteo), this should be an ongoing issue... always subject to review and improvement. It appears that respondents use the waterfront frequently for both active and passive recreation. However, it does not meet their shopping needs as indicated by the percent of people who • shop on the highway, the beach, and out of town. This is consistent with a perceived sense of ambiguity , concerning the purpose of the waterfront and nearby retail stores. Can they (and should they) attempt to meet the needs of locals and visitors? • Manteo Land Use Plan 92 Respondents give high marks to preserving and protecting natural resources as well as cultural and historic resources. The desire for Manteo to be identified as a cultural center is strong. Some elements are in place (the Elizabeth II site, the Outer Banks History Center, other attractions on the Island) and the potential for tying these elements together is evident. Development of a performing arts facility on Ice Plant Island will • contribute to the concept as well. If the demographics reveal anything significant it might be the length of time respondents have lived in Manteo. In other words, of the 47 people who responded to the question, 31 have lived here fewer than 20 years. And half of those have lived here fewer than eight years. This seems to suggest that people who have moved to Manteo want to have a stake in shaping the town's direction and future. • Public Meeting A public meeting was held on February 12, 1991 to review the survey results and to work on revising Manteo's goals. About 30 people attended the meeting at the Outer Banks History Center. The consultant facilitated a group discussion of the survey results and their implications. Audience participation was enthusiastic and led to there formation of two main goals: enhance residential quality of life and support increased economic opportunities. • On the one hand, residents identified safety (speeding, traffic) on busy residential streets as an immediate issue. On the other, business people envisioned the long -tern development of a "waterfront port" drawing people to Manteo by boat. Other ideas included Participants requested additional meetings to discuss the land use plan. • Manteo Land Use Plan 93 Policy Review with Planning Board On February 18, 1991, the consultant met with members of the Planning Board for a preliminary review of the draft policies. Comments offered at this meeting were incorporated into the draft plan. Continuing Public Participation Following submission of the February 25 Draft Manteo Land Use Plan update, the town will share copies of the plan and solicit comments from community members. Another public meeting is likely before sending the draft plan to CAMA in June. CA L 0 • Manteo Land Use Plan 94 0 • F, L A We Want Your Input In 1981 Manteo townspeople issued the world an invitation to "come sit on our front porch.. ". Those words described the ambience they hoped to create as they prepared Mantco for America's Four Hundredth Anniversary Commemoration. And indeed, the world responded. Manteo stood proud as the backdrop for ceremonies, celebrations, unveilings, launchings, and groundbreakings. Dignitaries made speeches; scholars attended forums; celebrities created "photo-ops"; and Princess Anne graced the Mantco waterfront on July 13, 1984. Those events occurred as a result of a community -based planning effort to revitalize the Manteo waterfront in time for the "400th". Townspeople created a vision for Manteo and helped establish goals for implementation. Local officials enlisted state and federal authorities to participate and townspeople at every level became involved in tine preparation. The vision included an economically viable community, a lively waterfront attraction forday visitors, affordable housing, and the preservation of Manteo's small town character. The successful pursuit of public and private investments made the vision a reality: the Elizabeth 11 State Historic Site, the Cora Mae Basnight Bridge, The Waterfront condominiums and shops, the Tranquil House Inn, Crecf Park all cunnecicd by lively waterfront activity were part of the original plan. Manteo can point to other accomplishments: a landscaped corridor along the highway, Cartwright Park, more housing and increased commercial activity along the highway. The 1986 plan update strengthened the town's politics on protection of natural resources and water -related issues. You now have an opportunity to assist Manteo officials with the 1991 plan update by recalling how the vision of '81 shaped the decade's events and by redefining Manteo's goals for the coming 10 years. There are several ways you can participate: 1) rill out and return this questionnaire; 2) share your views at the Februrary 12 public meeting; 3) get on the mailing list; 4) participate in a focus group; and, 5) buttonhole a commissioner or planning board member to say you're interested. Make the 1991 Manteo Land Use Plan your plan for how you want Manteo to evolve over the next few years. Town of Manteo ❖ Land Use Plan •3 Questionnaire • Mantco is required to update its land use plan every rive years. Both the 1981 and 1986 plans based policy direction on community input including responses from a questionnaire. An objective of the 1991 plan is to include renewed goals for Manteo. Your responses to this survey can indicate to officials your preferences for setting goals. It should take about 15 minutes to fill out and all Manteo residents and businesspcople arc invited to participate. Additional questionnaires are available at Town Hall. 1. How would you rate the achievements of the 1981 Goals for Mantco? sausr.aorr sansractorr sNot r.cto y Uosausrartorr Develop a new purpose for the downtown. ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ create a strategy for attracting tourism ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ recruit new business ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Preserve and enhance Manteo's character through comprehensive ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ planning for the town's future. upgrade the appearance of the waterfront ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ • protect residential neighborhoods ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ minimize the automobile's impact on the town B 8 8 8 encourage citizen participation in planning maintain small town character ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ preserve natural resources ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Improve community services. ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ quality of streets and sidewalks ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ moderate- or low• income housing ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ vocational training ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Develop a more economically viable community. ❑ ❑ ❑ Cl more job opportunities ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ stabilize tax base ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ • diversify economy ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Provide recreational opportunities. ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ teen center ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ parks and recreation ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ water -related artiviiior r MAIL TO: Town of Manteo P.O. Box 246 Manteo, NC 27954 5. Name three things would you change about Mantco • 6. Name three places, structures, or features of Manteo you value and would like to sec stay the same. • 7. Describe your vision for Manteo's future. 8. Do you use the waterfront for: 0.2 recreation ❑ shopping ❑ boating ❑ visiting with friends ❑ other ❑ (times per month) 24 4.7 7+ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ 9. How frequently do you slwp? Highway 641164 in Mameo Beach Away from Outer Banks (times per month) 0.2 2.4 4.7 16 o ❑❑ ❑❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ 9A. What would cause you to shop in Marasco more fre- 10. Five of the area's 15 major attractions are on Roanoke Island. how often do you visit these places? Never IX Season Several X Season wily Never IX Season Several X Season wkly Ft. Raleigh ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Lost Colony ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ NC Aquarium ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Elizabeth Il site ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Elizabethan Gardens ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ 11. Do you attend Manteo's four annual events? (yes or no) Dare Day _ Ans Festival _ 4th of July _ Christmas Parade 11 A. Do you think you would support more annual events? 12. What kind of facility would you like to see on Iceplant Island in addition to the Elizabeth 11 historic 13. Number in order of importance these planning issues: (I being most important) Land use_ historic & Cultural Prescrvation,Transportation__ CommunityDcsign_ housing_ Natural Resource%— EcmwmicDcvclupnicnl_ The answers to the following questions are important and confidential. 14. Which best describes you? 18. Is your dwelling a single fancily house, condominium, •❑ Business owner ❑Work in Manteo ❑Work on Island apartment, mobile home? (Circle one) ❑ Retired ❑ In school []Self-employed [:]Do not work 19. Do you own or ran? (Circle one) 15. How long have you lived in Mante07 20. Is your income: ❑ SO. 14,000 $15,000 - 34.999 16. What is your age? Male ❑ Female ❑ $35,000 - 74.999