CAMA Land Use Plan-1981

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Division of Coastal Management
ANEW
COASTAL AREA MANAGEMENT ACT
p LAND USE PLAN 1981
FOR THE TOWN OF MANTEO, NORTH CAROLINA
0
I

V
TOWN OF MANTEO
COASTAL AREA MANAGEMENT ACT
LAND USE PLAN
August 1981

A LAND USE PLAN FOR MANTEO
Developed By
Manteo Board of Commissioners
John F. Wilson, IV, Mayor
Jule D. Burrus
Dellerva Collins
H.A. Creef, Jr.
Ann Gray
Edward L. Greene
Nevin Wescott, Sr.
Planning and Zoning'Board
Edward L. Greene, Chairman
David Enochs
Martha Hohmann
Lila Schiffman
Suzanne Scott
John B. Whaley
Robin Reavis, Town Administrative
Assistant
Consultants:
Randy Hester
Billie Harper
Brian Scott
Developed in Accordance with
The Coastal Area Management Act of North Carolina
August 1981

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The 1981 Land Use Plan gives Manteo a guide for future
development. It contains local goals and implementation
strategies for accomplishing those goals, from land development
` policies to articulation of the lifestyles Roanoke Islanders'
want to continue in the future. The Plan also strengthens the
cooperative program of coastal area management existing between
North Carolina and local coastal governments.
Manteo's Land Use Plan is structured around a goal -setting
process begun in the Fall of 1980. An area wide random survey
taken at that time identified six major development goals that
townspeople want to accomplish for their community. The 1981
Land Use Plan for Manteo is organized under those six goals to
provide townspeople a clear, familiar outline for future develop-
ment in cooperation with CAMA guidelines.
1. Overall Implementation Strategy
A clear network of organizational responsibilities is import-
ant to the overall implementation of Manteo's Land Use Plan.
Each of the six Planning Board members will undertake the general
management of a specific goal and its schedule of implementation
policies. These responsibilities will include the coordination
of individual and organizational interests who will help in
various implementation phases of each goal. All six members,
each with their respective activities, form a clear network of
local involvement in the implementation of the Land Use Plan.
2. Surveys and Interviews with Townspeople
These were found to be the most effective means of informing
and involving area residents in the overall planning process.
About 150 local residents were individually interviewed, school
children grades nine through twelve of the Dare County public
schools were surveyed, two newspaper questionnaires were run by
the local newspapers, and a store front office was open for 30
hours a week to townspeople during September through November 1980
and throughout May -August of 1981.
A. Newspaper Surveys. Two surveys were run during the planning
year by the Outer Banks Current and by the Coastland Times. Both
questionnaires dealt with general town goals relating to develop-

ment over the next ten years. Long-term environmental issues
such as commercial development adjacent to marshes, and the
intensity of tourism desired, were raised, as well as more
immediate problems such as water and sewer extensions to develop-
ment within the Town's corporate limits. Several major problems
were introduced to the consultants through those surveys including
deteriorated street and sidewalk conditions and the absense of
r
local services in the downtown district. A third survey, con-
ducted in March of 1981, dealt with specific objects and places
in Manteo that residents wanted to preserve. Townspeople were
willing to change or trade-off some of those features for in-
creased tourism in the community, but were adamant about protect-
ing others. Those values were incorporated into the Land Use
Plan through implementation policies. The town boat ramp, for
example, had appeared in the previous surveys as an area needing
maintenance and expansion. The March survey produced a more
detailed guide for development of launch facilities because towns-
people indicated they want to give a certain percentage of water-
front docking facilities to tourist marina traffic if an improved
boat ramp area is retained for local use. Such results clarified
the direction the Planning Board took in developing related
implementation policies.
B. Interviews. Several interview projects were undertaken during
the planning year. The consultants initially interviewed town
leaders, local organizations, businessmen, and other interested
townspeople as an introduction to the needs and lifestyles in
Manteo. Each person interviewed indicated areas of special con-
cern ion base maps prepared by the consultants. A composite of
problem districts was compiled from those interviews.
C. Random Surveys. A door-to-door goals survey was conducted
in October of 1980. The comprehensive results served as a basis
for formation of the six major town goals in the Land Use Plan.
Two other surveys were administered in March 1981. The first, a
youth survey of all Dare County high school students, grades
nine through twelve, supported the goals' survey indications of
a need for a youth and recreation center in Manteo. The second
survey analyzed hurricane damage prevention measures in the com-
munity, with a special emphasis on lack of adequate protection in
low-income districts.

All interview results contributed to the content of the
Land Use Plan, and the surveys involved residents in the project.
Both provide effective management tools, giving local leaders a
widely supported foundation from which to implement policies
included in the Land Use Plan. Format and analysis of results
are available for public review at the Manteo Town Hall.
3 Quadricentennial Impacts
The 400th anniversary of the landing of the Roanoke Colonies
will be celebrated between 1984 and 1987 on Roanoke Island. One
project necessary to responsible implementation of Manteo's Land
Use Plan has been an impact analysis of the Quadricentennial.
The feasibility of commercial growth, capacity of facilities,
and impact on existing local lifestyles has been analyzed in
relation to the Quadricentennial as well as projected local
residential and support facilities growth. The implementation
policies for downtown development (Goal One) are partially
dependent on construction and docking of the Elizabeth II, a ship
typical of Sixteenth Century sailing vessels. The economic
feasibility report is included in the appendices.
4. Mapping
The impact of the Quadricentennial will affect areas sur-
rounding the Town, but outside its present jurisdiction. The
ecological unit of data gathering most important to Manteo's
planning process is the north end of Roanoke Island stretching
from the Roanoke Sound Bridge to the north shore. The maps used
include areas of cultural and environmental concern on the is-
land's north end, including sites of potential archaeological
significance. The Town will continue to seek one mile extra-
territorial jurisdiction in an effort to preserve fragile natural
and cultural resource areas, to maintain the existing rural
residential character of the north end of Roanoke Island, and to
plan more effectively for the impact of the Quadricentennial.
Other mapping projects significant to the Land Use Plan include
a proposed Manteo Plan for downtown revitalization, which incor-
porates a Quadricentennial facilities plan. The Master Plan
utilizes a dredge spoil site across Dough's Creek for parking,
recreation, and a visitor's center. Activities proposed in the
Land Use Plan's implementation policies are also located on the

Objective 3. Minimize The Automobile's Impact
on the Town
Implementation*Policies , , ,
13
13
A. Circulation , ,
B. Alternative Transportation'Systems*
13
13
C. Separation of Town and Tourist Parking
64
1
D. Development Patterns and Safety on Highway
14
Objective 4. Encourage Citizen Participation in
Town Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Implementation Policies . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
A. Annual Review . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
B. Citizen Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
C. Community Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
D. Planning Team . . . . . . . . . .
15
E. Teenagers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
F . Elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
G. Handicapped , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
16
H. Low -Income and Minorities . . . . . . .
I. Draft Review . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
J. Review of Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
K. Education
L. Current Local Policies and*Regulations
16
16
Objective 5. Blend Local and Visitor Activity , , .
17
Implementation Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
A. Annual Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
B. Double Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Objective.6. Maintain the Friendly Small Town
Atmosphere of Manteo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Implementation Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
A. Day Trip Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
B. Types of Development . . . . . . . . . .
18
C. Location of Development , . . . . . . . . .
18
D. Timing of Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
E. Density
F. Use of Open Space for Small Scale Agriculture
21
21
Objective 7. Preserve Natural Resources and Rural
Areas in and Around Manteo . . . . . . . . . .
21
A. Estuarine Waters 0
22
Implementation Policieso
23
B. Coastal Wetlands
2
Implementation Policies . . .
24
C. Public Trust Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Implementation Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
D. Estuarine Shorelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
Implementation Policies . . . . . . .
25
E. Fragile Natural and Cultural Resource Areas , , ,
25
Implementation Policies . . . . . . . . .
26
GOAL THREE: IMPROVE COMMUNITY SERVICES TO RESIDENTS
OF MANTEO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
Discussion of Alternatives . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29

IV.
Objective 1. Improve and Maintain Quality of
30
Streets and Sidewalks , , . . . . . • • • • ' ' '
30
Implementation Policies ' '
Streets and Sidewalks . . .
30
A. Inventory of
B. Priorities • • • • • • , ' ' ' '
Highway 64 . . . • • • • , • ' •
30
C. Sidewalks on .
. .
30
D. Street Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Objective 2. Provide Low Income Housing . . . . ' ' •
31
Implementation Policies • • • •'
Community Development Block Grant . . . . .
31
A.
B. Neighborhood Association . • • • • • ' • •
31
31
C. Self -Help Projects , . . . . . . . . . .
Objective 3. Initiate Community Dog Control Policies
31
Implementation Policies , , . . . . . . . . • . . . . .
31
A. Public Information . . . . . . . . • . . .
.
31
B. Bad Dog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Objective 4. Develop Vocational Training Opportunities
31
32
Implementation Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
A. Vocational Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •
. .
32
B. Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Objective 5• Make Use of Existing Facilities and
Local Community Groups to Minimize Public . . • . .
32
Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . .
Objective 6. Expand and Improve Health Care , , .
33
Facilities . • • • • • • • • , ' ' '
33
Implementation Policy . . . . . . . . • • • .
Objective 7. Improve the Quality of Law Officials
33
33
Implementation Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Objective 8. Minimize Damage from Hurricanes . . .
33
and Floods . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • ' • ' .
Implementation Policies . . . . .
Standards ' • . .
33
A. National Flood Insurance
33
B. Hurricane Evacuation Plan . . . . . . . . .
Objective 9. Develop Alternative Energy Sources
4
34
Implementation Policies . . . . . . . • . . .
34
A. Information . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
B. 1986 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GOAL FOUR: CELEBRATE THE QUADRICENTENNIAL OF THE
35
FIRST ROANOKE COLONIES IN MANTEO . . . • • •
35
Discussion of Alternatives . . . . . . . . . .
Objective 1. Build and Dock the "Elizabeth II'
35
in Manteo
Implementation'Policies .
3
36
A. Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . • •
36
B. Location
36
C. Waterfront . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

V
M1
Objective 2. Observe Key Historical Events
through Distinguished Ceremonies . . . • • • • • • •
36
Implementation Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
A. Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
B. Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
C. Coordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
Objective 3. Establish an Annual Anglo-American
Folk Festival in Manteo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
Implementation Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
A. Cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
B. New Commemorative Property . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
GOAL FIVE. DEVELOP A MORE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE
COMMUNITY
Discussion of Alternatives
38
38
Objective 1. Provide Opportunities for More Jobs
Through Increased Commercial Development , , , .
38
Implementation Policies . . . . . . . . . . .
39
A. Commercial Development , , , . . . . . . . . .
39
B. Governor's Award . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
C. Commercial Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
D. Urban Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
Objective 2. Stabilize and Diversify the Local
Tax Base
Implementation Policies
39
39
A. Sales Tax Allocations , . . . . . . . . . . .
39
B. Small Industries . . . . . . . . . . .
39
40
C. Available Building Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GOAL SIX: PROVIDE RECREATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR
ALL MANTEO RESIDENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
Discussion of Alternatives . . . . . . . . . .
41
Objective 1. Provide a Teen Center , , . . , . . . .
41
Implementation Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
A. Survey
41
B. Shared Facilities
41
Objective 2. Provide Parks and Recreation for
Residents of all Ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42
Implementation Policies , . . . . . . .
42
A. Waterfront . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42
B. Other Parks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42
Objective 3. Provide a Beach or Other Water -Related
Recreation Area . . . . . . . . . . .
42
Implementation Policies . . . . . . . . . . . .
42
A. Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42
B. Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42

VII. LAND CLASSIFICATION . . . . . . . . . 43
1. Existing Land Use Map . . . . See Appendix A
2. Discussion of Land Classifications . 43
3. Land Classification Map . . . . . . . See Appendix A
VIII. FEDERAL AND STATE REGULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . 47
APPENDIX A . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Maps, Land Use and Land -Classification
APPENDIX B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Additional Base Data
CREDITS
INDEX

CHECKLIST FOR LAND USE PLANS
Data Collection and Analysis
Establishment of information base including
1,
manner in which data was assembled . . .
4, 19,
43
2.
statement of the major conclusion • • •
• • . 3,
43
Present conditions and economy, including
1.
present population and economy analysis
19, 38,
39
2.
impact of seasonal population . • • • • • •
. 59 19,
35
Existing land use analysis
1.
significant land use compatibility problems
12,
13
2.
problems and implications from unplanned
development . . . . . , . . . .
. . . .
27
3.
identification of areas experiencing or
likely to experience changes in predominant.
land use
27
4.
areas of environmental concern
23,•25,
27
5.
map of existing land use . . . . . . see
Appendix
A
Current plans, policies and regulations
including
1.
listing and summary of significant
existing local plans and policies . . .
. . . .
.16
2.
listing and description of the means for
enforcement of all local existing land
use regulations • • . .
• •
17
3.
listing of all relevant federalandstate
regulations• • •
46
Constraints:
Land suitability
1.
physical limitations .to development
-
a. hazard areas (man-made/natural) . . . .
11, 12,
28
b. soil limitation areas (shallow,
poorly drained, septic tank
limitations) . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .
20
c. water supply sources . . . . .
(over 12%)
. . . .
20
28
d. excessive slope areas .
2.
fragile areas (min. req. 15 NCAC 7H) . . .
. .
25
3.
areas with resource potential . . . . . . ...
.
25
Constraints:
Capacity of community facilities
1.
existing water.and sewer service areas
. .
20
2.
design capacity of the existing water
and sewage treatment plants, schools, and
3.
primary roads . .
percentage at which existing facilities
14, 20,
32
are utilized .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
140 20,
32
Estimated
demand
" 1.
population estimate for the upcoming ten years • . •
19
2:
future land need discussion . .
21
3.
community facilities demand (types of
facilities and densities at which land
is to be developed) . . . . . . . 14, 21,
35, 11,
32

' Policy Statements
Resource protection policies
1.
policies on types of uses appropriate
within the locality's AECs . . ...
.10,
24
2.
constraints to development . 10,12,14,20,
21,
45
3.
specific local resource development
issues relative to 15 NCAC 7H . . . . .
10, 23, 26,
27
4.
other hazardous or fragile land areas . .
. 10, 24,
27
5.
hurricane and flood evacuation needs
and plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 10, 12,
33
Resource
production and management policies
1.
discussion of importance of
agriculture, forestry, mining,
fisheries and recreational resources .
. . . 21,
42
a. identification of most productive
areas
21,
42
b. discussion W values of protecting
these areas . . . . . . . .
. 21, 24,
42
2.
policy statements on:
a. productive agricultural lands . .
. . .
21
b. commercial forest lands . . . .
... . 21,
45
c. existing and potential mineral
production areas . ..
. . . . .
28
d. commercial and recreational fisheries
. . . . .
24
e. off -road vehicles . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
28
Economic and community development policies
1.
discussion of types of development
which are to be encouraged . . . .
9, 14, 21,
43
a. discussion of redevelopment of
older areas/creation of new sub-
divisions, etc. .
. . 9, 12,
21
2.
policies on types and locations of
3,
industries desired .
policies on local commitment to providing'
38
services to development . 9,
13, 14, 27,
29
4.
policies on types of urban growth
patterns desired . . . . . . . . .
10, 14, 21,
27
5.
policies on redevelopment of
9,
10, 12, 14,
21
6.
developable areas
policies on commitment t00federal'
and state programs in the area . . . .
. 21, 24,
25
7.
policies on assistance to channel
maintenance and beach nourishment
24,
25
8.
policies on energy facility siting and
development . .
. .
34
9.
policies on tourism or beach and
waterfront access . . . . . . . . . . .
. 5, 41,
42
Continuing public participation policies
1,
discussion of means by which public
participation in planning matters was
encouraged in plan update process . . . .
. . . . .
9

2. description of the means to be used
for public education on planning issues . . . . . . . 9
3. description of the means to be used
for continuing public participation . . . . . . . . 9
Special issues
1. Annexation 19
2. water/sewer limits . . . . . . . . . . . . 1419
3: downtown development . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8, 36-40
4 Quadricentennial 35-37
5. Wanchese harbor development . . . . . . . . 39

INTRODUCTION: NORTH CAROLINA COASTAL MANAGEMENT
North Carolina's coastal management program is a joint
state and local effort that protects, preserves, and insures
the orderly development of the State's coastal resources. The
program provides for (1) Areas of Environmental Concern that
require state level management and control and AEC's that are
managed locally through minor permit issuance and (2) local
involvement in planning and regulating all other areas. This
Land Use Plan represents the program's second provision of local
involvement in Manteo.
The North Carolina coastal management program is based on
the State Coastal Management Act (CAMA) of 1974 and the Federal
Coastal Zone Management Act (FCZMA) of 1972. CAMA established
the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC) to principally manage
the program and approve local CAMA plans. Local governments,
including Manteo, are developing and implementing land use plans
under CRC policy direction. Each plan is subject to final CRC
approval in addition to local adoption.
Manteo's plan will help keep the community one step ahead
of the development pressures that are so clearly visible in
adjacent beach areas. It will guide the community toward a
development pattern that is consistent with local goals, environ-
mentally sound, and economically feasible.
1. THE NEED FOR COASTAL MANAGEMENT
North Carolina's development has been tied to its coastal
region since the earliest days of European discovery and settle-
ment. The State's population was centered on the coast during
its first hundred years of development, and its coastal sounds
and rivers have continued to serve as entry ports and commerce
routes. The coastal region has not, over the past century,
experienced the same degree of growth as the Piedmont of North
Carolina.. Major transportation routes have shifted inland and with
them population and economic centers of the State. But recent
increases in tourism, second home development and industrial
locations have created a, new growth trend that is significantly

-2-
impacting North Carolina's coastal region. This trend is largely
responsible for the enactment of Federal, State, and local
legislation to responsibly manage the coastal region's vast
natural and economic resources, and to protect the resources
essential to the area's long term vitality.
2. FEDERAL LEGISLATION: FCZMA
The major objective of the Federal Coastal Zone Management
Act of 1972 (Public Law 92-583) is to encourage coastal states
to develop a management program that guides the public and
private use of lands and waters in the coastal zone. The
Federal Act is administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce
which is authorized to make grants to coastal states for develop-
ment and administration of their program. In addition to pro-
viding the major source of funds for program development and
implementation, FCZMA offers federal agency consistency, specific
planning, research, and acquisition funds.
The Governor of North Carolina, in accordance with FCZMA,
designated the Secretary of Natural Resources and Community
Development to receive federal grants and to develop and implement
the State's coastal management program. The resulting CAMA plan
is an integration, by the Secretary of DNRCD, of state and federal
statutory requirements.
3. STATE LEGISLATION: CAMA
North Carolina's Coastal Area Management Act of 1974 (Article
7, G.S. 113A) establishes a cooperative program of coastal area
management between local governments and the State. The
Program consists of two major stages, Phase I of planning and
Phase II of implementation.
The first phase, planning, involves three elements. (1)
Land use planning required by CAMA. (2) The designation for
special management of areas of environmental concern. (3) Pre-
paration of the State Coastal Plan required by North Carolina's
participation in the federal coastal management program. Most of
Phase I has been completed.
Phase II, implementation, includes: (1) The permit program
established in areas of environmental concern. (2) The local

-3-
implementation of land use plans in which Manteo is presently
involved. (3) The various procedures for coordinating this,
comprehensive coastal program among the various federal, state,
and local government agencies. CAMA requires that each land use
plan be consistent with the State guidelines that have been
adopted by the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC) (G.S. 113A-107
and 108).
4. THE PURPOSE OF MANTEO'S LAND USE PLAN
Manteo's Land Use Plan defines the lifestyle and type
of development that local residents want. It protects the
well-being of Manteo by describing and organizing the following
issues:
1) Federal, State, and local projects are coordinated by a com-
prehensive development plan. The Land Use Plan will prevent
inefficiencies such as a local municipality ripping up newly
paved streets to put in sewer lines as a result of two pro-
jects' implementation without cooperation. Time, monies,
and manpower will be saved through the overall coordination
of goals that the plan provides.
2) The. Goals defined in Manteo's Plan clarify for State and
Federal funding sources the Town's development intentions
over the next ten years. Agencies can fund projects more
easily because of the Goals and land classification pro-
vided by the Plan. By clearly outlining its development
intentions, Manteo also reduces any outside imposition of
programs or development inconsistent with its goals. The
Town can control its own development rather than remaining
subject to non -local interests.
3) The Land Use Plan clarifies community goals to local leaders
through citizen participation programs. Specific strategies
for accomplishing each goal are also outlined in Manteo's
Plan. They can be implemented by local organizations and
individual efforts.
4) The Land Use Plan ."helps Manteo evaluate the costs and
benefits of various development alternatives. Because
Manteo's property tax is a major generator of revenues for

financing services and facilities, the Town must choose
development patterns that maintain a strong market value of
the land within its jurisdiction. Through guiding such
development decisions, Manteo's Plan protects and improves
the well-being of Town residents.
5) Manteo's lifestyle and economy will be enhanced by its Plan's
protection of the natural resources important to both residents
and tourists. Marshes, for example, are an important visual
amenity to residents and tourists, in addition to being
economically vital to fish production in the area.
The Land Use Plan for Manteo will be updated and revised
every five years in accordance with local changes and the State's
Land Use Planning Guidelines.
5. LAND USE PLANNING GUIDELINES FOR MANTEO
The State Guidelines provide an outline that local govern-
ments, including Manteo, can use in identifying local land use
problems and issues, developing alternative strategies for
solving the issues, formulating policies, and selecting methods
of implementation. All local plans include (1) a summary of
data collection and analysis, (2) an existing land use map,
(3) policy discussion, and (4) a land classification map. Manteo
has organized its plan to include the above minimum requirements.
Its major emphasis supports the CAMA requirements for a citizen
participation program. The format for Manteo's Land Use Plan
follows a goal based citizen participation program in an effort
to use a community planning form already familiar to,Town
residents. The plan is structured around,a goal setting process
begun in a Fall 1980 survey. It identified six major develop-
ment goals that townspeople want to accomplish for their com-
munity. The Land Use Plan for Manteo is organized under.those
six goals to provide townspeople a clear, familiar outline for
achieving their goals in cooperation with the CAMA.

I. GOAL ONE: DEVELOP A NEW PURPOSE FOR THE DOWNTOWN

GOAL ONE
DEVELOP A NEW PURPOSE FOR THE DOWNTOWN
DISCUSSION OF ALTERNATIVES
Manteo recognizes that its past function as a mercantile
center for the Outer Banks needs to be altered if the Downtown
district is to have significant economic value. Alternative
functions considered include the following:
1. The Town could develop an historically based, low-key
tourism program designed to attract day visitors from the
beaches. The program would be organized to bring economic
benefits to Manteo within minimal disruption of existing
lifestyles.
2. The Town could develop a tourist oriented, Elizabethan theme
village similar to Old Salem, North Carolina or Williamsburg,
Virginia. Financial benefits from tourism would result, but
local lifestyles would be sharply altered to accommodate
visitor activity.
3. The Town could accept the slow decline of its downtown district
and concentrate development efforts in other parts of the
municipality.
4. The Town could assist existing businesses in the Downtown
by recruiting new specialized businesses to the district.
Additional governmental and professional offices could also
be recruited to revitalize the downtown.
ALTERNATIVE SELECTION
The.Town selects"alternatives one and four. A discussion of
each follows in the order of importance to the townspeople.
OBJECTIVE 1: DEVELOP LOW KEY TOURISM DOWNTOWN
Because the Outer Banks already brings tourists to the area,
Manteo is in an ideal location to attract day visitors from the
flow of tourists currently passing through the Town. Tourism
can provide the economic boost needed to make downtown commercial
development profitable and thereby support local services other-
wise unavailable to a town Manteo's size. Sixty-five percent of
the residents surveyed favor developing a tourist attraction in
the downtown, and most want historically based attractions in

me
Manteo that capture rather than destroy the Town's existing
character. Suggestions include a small inn, the Elizabethan
ship, and shops where arts, crafts, and Outer Banks' traditions
are demonstrated.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES
A. Overall Tourist Strategy: The tourism plan will be based
on the celebration of the 400th Anniversary of the Roanoke
Colonies (See Goal 4), the building and docking of an
Elizabethan Ship on the Manteo Waterfront, and the develop-
ment of an interpretive "living/learning" center that
stresses the lofty dreams and everyday life in the Manteo
area for the past four centuries. A discussion of altern-
ative tourist plans and a detailed explanation of the low-
key, historically based strategy that was chosen are con-
tained in A Plan for the Next Phase of Manteo's Development.
The implementation of the plan contained therein is the
major means of fulfilling this policy.
B. A Theme: The Town will develop its tourism program around
the tFieme "Come Sit on our Front Porch, Let Us Tell You of
the Dreams we Keep." The choice and use of this phrase are
explained in A Theme for the Future.
C. .Inter -Agency Forum: The Town's representatives to the Dare
County Tourist Bureau will continue to advocate the county-
wide and inter -agency adoption of a tourist strategy that is
historically honest, low-key, participatory and respectful
of the environmental limitations of the area.
D. Publicity: The Town, in cooperation with the Bureau and
other agencies, will regularly publicize public events and
activities. Those efforts will be focused on the historic-
ally based events initiated by the Quadricentennial Celebra-
tion. Town publicity releases will stress the history of
the area, the participatory strategy of a living history like
the ship, "Elizabeth II," and the theme "Come Sit.on Our.
Front Porch and Let Us Tell You of the Dreams We Keep."
E. Information: A town -sponsored volunteer committee charged
with printing and distributing weekly information guides will
provide tourist oriented maps and activity schedules that
will be available at Town Hall, the Dare County Tourist
Bureau, area motelp, restaurants and local media publications.
F. Sianage:. The Town, with assistance from the State Department
of Transportation, will provide clear signage of 64 marking
major entrances to the downtown area. The signs will be in
accordance with Town zoning regulations covering signs and
outdoor advertising structures, and the traffic circulation
patterns established to accommodate increased tourist
visitation during the Quadricentennial activities.
OBJECTIVE 2.
As businesses and services have moved from the downtown,
Manteo has lost its sense of a central district. The downtown

-7-
and Highway 64 both provide necessary functions, yet.neither ful-
fills all the community needs. Sixty-four percent of the
residents surveyed think there is a need for new business in
Manteo. Thirty-five percent think a department store is needed
most. There is concern, particularly among the elderly, about
the lack of some basic services within the walking area of the
downtown. Forty-eight percent of the townspeople surveyed say
stores moving from downtown is a serious or very serious problem,
and 49% say the lack of a grocery store downtown is a serious or
very serious problem. But the downtown cannot compete with
Highway 64 for basic needs businesses. To provide the services
townspeople want will require recruiting specialty stores down-
town that satisfy both tourist and local needs.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES
A. Business Association: In the Fall of 1981, the Town will
sponsor a forum for the establishment of a business association
whose main purpose is support of existing, and encouragement
of new businesses in Manteo. Projects initiated by the
business association will include business recruiting, the
development of an investment company, exchange of promotion
strategies with other organizations, and the development of
cooperative arrangements between businesses on Highway 64 and
the new specialty stores downtown.
B. New Businesses: Business recruiting, coordinated by the
newly formed business association, will be partially based on
the economic feasibility study for the town's Quadricentennial
facilities. High priority will be given to local resident
needs in the downtown area such as convenience foods stores
and banking. But local priority must be measured with the
Town's dependence on tourism and governmental functions down-
town. Specifically, the Town Administrative Assistant will
provide technical assistance regarding local preferences,
economic feasibility and site planning in locating new
businesses downtown and on Highway 64. An emphasis will be
placed on recruiting specialty stores and professional
offices.
Special attention must be made to overcome the haphazard
development along Highway 64 by clustering development to
share parking, curb cuts and signage. Technical assistance
to potential businesses and to existing ones doing renovation
will be provided by the Town Administrative Assistant to help
businesses and the public save money, reduce visual clutter,
and minimize the danger of congested strip development. In
addition, by providing water and sewer along Highway 64, the
Town will further encourage clustering of strip development.
C. Downtown Inn: With increased tourism, a downtown inn will
become more feasible. Manteo presently houses an average of

ME
300 visitors per day in its hotel and tourist home facilities.
These units remain near full capacity throughout the tourist
season, so an expansion of hotel facilities will be necessary
to meet increased tourist needs. A 50 room inn in the down-
town district will increase the Town's hotel capacities to
serve 450-500 people per day. This will be sufficient because
of the primarily day -visitor focus of Manteo's development.
An inn in turn will increase tourist trade on the waterfront
and encourage use of marina facilities by boat traffic. The
Town Administrative Assistant will advertise the economic
feasibility study, identify sites for interested developers,
and promote the overall plan which will give the downtown inn
a unique waterfront location as part of a village atmosphere.
D. Public Facilities: Manteo's development of public facilities
related to the Quadricentennial, (Goal 4) and Downtown
revitalization (Goal 2, Objective 1), will increase downtown
property values and make land presently unused or underused
more attractive to investors. This will attract new businesses
to,the district. The Town will encourage new business.develop-
ment by the construction of public facilities to attract more
tourists.

II. GOAL TWO: PRESERVE AND ENHANCE THE CHARACTER OF MANTEO
THROUGH COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING FOR THE TOWN'S FUTURE.

GOAL TWO
DISCUSSION OF ALTERNATIVES
No problem facing Manteo is more difficult than preserving
the positive aspects of the existing Town as its very reason to
be changes dramatically. No single problem received as much
attention when alternative policies were considered. The following
represent the various strategies considered as means of enhancing
the existing character of Manteo:
1. The Town could encourage the demolition of older residential
areas for use as commercial properties on and near Highway 64
by zoning and modifying street patterns. This has short-term
economic benefits.
2. The Town could protect residential areas by establishing a
Preservation Commission, encouraging infill development in
the older sections of town and through zoning.
3. The Town could upgrade the waterfront with improved launch,
boardwalk, and marina facilities.
4. The Town could develop a balanced transportation plan relying
on a variety of modes to minimize the impact of the automobile.
5. The Town could divide tourist activities from resident
activities by providing separate facilities thereby avoiding
the disruption and congestion associated with the tourist
season.
6. The Town could continue to rely on the automobile as a single
mode of transportation as it has in the recent past.
7. The Town could provide public facilities with multiple
functions for use by local people and tourists.
8. The Town could encourage citizen involvement in action pro-
grams that rely on self-help activities.
9. The Town could encourage citizen involvement in education pro-
grams to inform them about the land use and community
development plans.
10. The Town could involve citizens in an ongoing process of
evaluating the impacts of tourism and implementation of the
proposals included herein.

-10-
11. The Town could develop a growth pattern with a suburban
density.
12. The Town could maintain its friendly small village atmosphere
with infill development and clustering where urban services
are already provided.
13. The Town could preserve the natural resources and rural areas
in and around Manteo by continuing to oppose piecemeal re -
zonings at the county level.
14. The Town could seek extraterritorial jurisdiction to maintain
the fragile natural areas, and the rural density of develop-
ment immediately outside the town. This would be a more
efficient and economical growth pattern in the.long run if'
developed in conjunction with infill and clustering mentioned
above.
15. The Town could prohibit development in flood prone areas.
16. The Town could develop a flood damage prevention plan to
minimize the water"damage to waterfront facilities in its
village center.
17. The Town could develop an energy conservation plan that relies
on low technology and self-help programs to reduce energy
consumption in Manteo.
ALTERNATIVE SELECTION
The Town chooses to pursue alternatives two, three, four, seven,
eight, nine, ten, twelve, fourteen, sixteen, and seventeen.
Detailed discussions of each alternative follows.
OBJECTIVE 1: UPGRADE THE APPEARANCE OF THE WATERFRONT
Currently, Manteo's strongest natural asset is its connection
to the water. To preserve and enhance Manteo's qualities for
both townspeople and visitors, this connection must be maximized.
Thirty-three percent of the people surveyed believe that the .
rundown waterfront is a serious or very serious problem, 53%
feel there is a need for maintenance, expansion, or beautification
of the Town launch and dock facilities, and 63% see the need for
a boardwalk along the waterfront as a problem. At a recent town
meeting, a great deal of interest was expressed aver developing
the Town's marina facilities for both local residents and visitors.

-11-
Improved marina facilities will act as a visitor attraction and
add an economic boost. Waterfront development of a boardwalk
and marina facilities will strengthen the area's importance as
a major asset to Manteo.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES
A. Boat Ramp: Over half the residents interviewed expressed
eth neea for maintenance, expansion and beautification of
town launch facilities. Because there are only three public
boat launches presently on the Island, including the badly
deteriorated one in Manteo's jurisdiction downtown, the Town
will repair the boat ramp in conjunction with boardwalk
improvements in the Summer of 1981. Additional needs for town
launch facilities including an alternative ramp location and
parking for twelve cars and trailers will be included in the
waterfront development plan presently being drawn. This will
improve the availability of public access to Shallowbag Bay.
B. Waterfront Development: The Town will increase public water-
front development by receipt of easements, gifts of land and
purchase, and development of key parcels (see C. Boardwalk,
below) within a block of Queen Elizabeth Avenue. Two oil
storage tanks on the waterfront form a man-made hazard. The
owner, Roanoke Oil Co., has agreed to relocate the tanks out-
side the downtown district.
The proposed public facilities include an exhibition hall,
an interpretive center, a visitor center, parking, a, location
for the "Elizabeth II" and a boat building center. These
should, in turn, attract mixed commercial and residential
development. Provision for such mixed uses presently exists
in the Manteo Zoning Ordinance (Section 7.04, Permitted Uses).
C. Boardwalk: The Town will construct a boardwalk along the
downtown waterfront that links public facilities, commercial
structures, parks and parking lots. The boardwalk project,
funded by the Town and the Heritage Conservation and
Recreation Service (HCRS) will form a primary pedestrian
route for recreation and shopping between the town launch
and the Creef/Davis Marsh. Construction will begin in 1981.
D. Community Facilities: Facilities built specifically for the
Quadricentennial will be utilized by the Town after the
Celebration. The Interpretive Center, for example, will be
organized for visitors to "learn by doing" activities. In
addition to activity around the "Elizabeth II," smaller boats
of local historical importance such as the Creef boats,
(Sharpie, Shallowbag Shadboat and Speedboats) will be used
for waterfront tours and fishing/crabbing demonstrations.
Through such activities tourists will observe and experience
the lifestyles, past to, present, of Outer Bank's culture.
The Center's focus would shift after 1987 to primarily local
activities, such as craft demonstrations and fishing. A Plan
for the Next Phase of Manteo's Development lists these
facilities and appropriate functions.
E. Marina: The Town will improve its marina facilities for both

-12-
local residents and tourists by repairing damaged structures
and improving bath facilities in accordance with A Plan
for the Next Phase of Manteo's Development, the Zoning
Ordinance and requirements of the Federal Flood Insurance
Administration. The Town Board will investigate ways to
improve the operation of the Marina. These include leasing
the facility to a private operator, sponsoring a boating club
and/or increasing docking fees. A decision will be made on
the operation of the facility by 1982.
OBJECTIVE 2: PROTECT RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOODS
People in Manteo are very attached to their town and their
neighborhoods. When interviewed, 65% of the people expressed
quiet, peaceful small town qualities and social interaction as
the best things about their neighborhoods. Thirty-four percent
of the people surveyed found protecting neighborhoods from com-
mercial development to be a serious or very serious problem. As
Manteo attracts more visitors, the Town must be careful to pre-
serve its neighborhoods, which are so important to residents.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES
A. Old Town Nei hborhood: As commercial development increases
on Highway 64 and in the downtown area, the residential
neighborhoods between the two business districts, bounded on
the south by Fernando Street and the north by Ananias Dare
Street, will be threatened. The Town will protect the
quality presently existing in those neighborhoods through the
Zoning Ordinance (Section 7.01-7.05), and adherence to A_
Plan for the Next Phase of Manteo's Development.
B. Natural Hazards: Several neighborhoods need precautionary
strategies against natural hazards. Most of the Old Town
neighborhood and downtown business district are located in a
100 year flood hazard area outlined on the Federal Flood
Insurance flood rate map. The businesses and homes along
Fernando, Agona and Old Tom Streets are flooded every few
years by seasonal wind tides. The Town will supply inform-
ation on safety precautions and Federal Flood Insurance
Standards at Town Hall. The Town building inspector will
advise residents and notify them of construction not adhering
to Federal Flood Insurance standards.
C. Preservation Commission: The Town Board of Commissioners
will form, during 19 2, an ordinance which establishes a
historic properties commission under the enabling legislation
enacted by the North Carolina General Assembly. The Com-
mission will initially study the Town's older neighborhoods
that are impacted by commercial development downtown and on
Highway 64. Their study will include an inventory of
significant structures, residential and commercial, within
Manteo's jurisdiction.
D. Street Access to Downtown: .Following traffic circulation
studies by the State Department of Transportation and the

-13-
planning team in 1981, certain streets will be designated
as major and minor entrances to the downtown waterfront dis-
trict. The specific streets, and necessary improvements, will
be planned and mapped by 1982. The major criteria for
designation will be protection of residential neighborhoods.
The evaluation process outlined in Goals for Manteo (Goal 2,
Objective 4-A) will include annual citizen review -of
traffic circulation in town and its impact on surrounding
neighborhoods.
E. Zoning Conflicts: Neighborhoods and individual residences
adjacent to development on Highway 64 are potential areas of
conflict because they are located within a B-2 general
business' zoned district of Manteo. Although some residents
may prefer to sell their property because of increasing land
value, and relocate, the Town will insure their protection
through enforcing buffer zone requirements set forth in the
Manteo Zoning Ordinance (Section 7.05-D) and by continuing
to support efforts to establish a one -mile extra -territorial
jurisdiction (Goals for Manteo, Goal 2, Objective 7). The
residential areas adjacent to downtown will be rezoned
residential and/or residential/commercial to insure their
protection from adjacent business districts.
F. Zoning Process: Proposed changes that affect residential
neighborhoods within Manteo's jurisdiction must be reviewed
by the Planning Board to insure accordance with zoning law and
the neighborhood preservation strategies outlined in A Plan
for the Next Phase of Manteo's Development.
OBJECTIVE 3: MINIMIZE THE AUTOMOBILE'S IMPACT ON THE TOWN
When asked about the most serious problems in Manteo,
residents surveyed cited automobile.related problems most
frequently. Fifty-one percent found downtown parking to be a
serious or very serious problem; and 45% found traffic -:congestion
to be a serious or very serious problem. If not carefully plan-
ned for, increased visitor traffic will make this already serious
problem intolerable.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES
A. Circulation: The Town will develop a traffic circulation plan
based on 1980-81 studies done by the North Carolina State
University Design Team for the Quadricentennial Feasibility
Study and the 1980-81 studies by the North Carolina Depart-
ment of Transportation.
B. Alternative Transportation S.ystems: Manteo will continue to
support the use of alternative transportation systems in Dare.
County. Specifically, the Town will contribute $2,500 to the
1981 summer bus shuttle in a joint effort of local Dare
County municipalities.
To encourage the use of bicycles in Manteo, the Town will
sponsor a yearly Bike Inspection Day to inform residents of

-14-
safety habits and bike maintenance. At this or a separate
yearly event, a bike rider's award will be presented to the
townsperson who has best exemplified the safety and con-
servation habits of bike transportation.
C. Separation of Tourist and Town Parking: The traffic circula-
tion plan will specify a separation of town and tourist park-
ing facilities to accommodate resident needs such as access to
the Post Office and Town Hall. Downtown residents, especially
those residing in mixed commercial/residential structures,
will be provided a separate parking lot, so that on -street
spaces downtown presently used for long-term parking can be
regulated as short-term spaces. Alternative sites for long-
term parking designation include the town lot beside Bicenten-
nial Park and the town lot adjacent to the boat ramp. See A
Plan for the Next Phase of Manteo's Development for further
guidelines regarding town and tourist circulation.patterns.
D. Development Patterns and Safety on Highway 64: Highway 64
supported an average of 9,400 cars per day in 1980 which is
well within its design capacity for 21,600 vehicle trips per
24 hours. Increasing tourist traffic will not exceed the road's
design capacity over the next .ten years but increasing tourist..
traffic will aggravate congestion problems. As Highway 64 be-
comes increasingly congested, the Town Board will minimize..
traffic hazards by encouraging cluster development using the
following means: providing only water and sewer to businesses
within the town limits, enforcing the sign ordinance, reducing
the total parking requirements for cluster developments, pro-
tecting"non-commercial areas of Highway 64 with the.existing
zoning ordinance and opposing any commercial development on
the north end of Roanoke Island outside the area presently
serviced by water and sewer.
OBJECTIVE 4: ENCOURAGE CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN TOWN PLANNING
Manteo,residents have expressed concern for the future of
their town and recognition of its heritage. Forty-six percent of.
those responding to the survey would like to be more involved in
planning Manteo's future. Sixty percent of those surveyed feel
that the need for town planning is a problem. It is important
that all town residents have equal opportunity to participate in
land use or other public decisions that will affect them. Towns-
people should be involved in Manteo's planning process by projects
such as self-help programs, news media coverage, periodic surveys,
mobile exhibitions, planning workshops, task -oriented committees,
volunteer services for the Quadricentennial, public meetings and
other activities aimed at building community equality, respect,
solidarity and spirit. The overall aim of the town planning pro-
cess is to transfer the control of that process from outside pro-
fessionals to townspeople and their technical assistants.

-15-
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES
A. Annual Review: As Manteo makes policies for the future, its
citizens will be continuously involved. Every fall, after the
tourist season, questionnaires will be sent to each Manteo
household to evaluate the positive and negative effects of
tourism that year. Within a month of sending the question-
naire, a town meeting will be held to discuss the previous
season's impacts and determine the plans for the upcoming
year. The meeting will be held well in advance of the up-
coming tourist season to allow for policy changes. Results
of the questionnaire and town meeting will be carefully
monitored from year to year. The planning team will provide
the initial questionnaire format for Fall 1981, and the
questionnaire will be included with Manteo's October water
bill. A volunteer committee, from the Planning Board, will
be responsible for administering and tabulating the question-
naire. The Town Administrative Assistant will prepare the
summary and make preliminary recommendations to be discussed
by the Planning Board and approved by the Town Board.
B. Citizen Committees: For each of Manteo's six major goals,
a citizen committee, headed by a member.of the Planning Board,
will be set up to follow through on objectives and implement-
ation policies. The Town will involve elderly, black, handi-
capped, teenage, and other special interest groups in the
implementation of policies and facilities specifically related
to their needs. The Town will also set a goal of recruiting
400 volunteers, in honor of the Quadricentennial, to form the
citizen committees. The "Manteo 400" will coordinate their
activities with each other and with the 400th Celebration
schedule.
C. Community Meetings: In addition to required public hearings,
community meetings will be held to discuss Manteo's goals and
alternative policies. Citizen input will be encouraged
monthly through questionnaires on specific issues; newspaper
coverage of planning decisions related to Manteo's Land Use
Plan and the 400th Anniversary; and information concerning
the planning process available in Town Hall.
D. Planning Team: The Planning Team will live in Manteo April -
August of 1991. They will work in a storefront office, as they
did in 1980, open to residents' questions and input at least
40 hours per week.
E. Teenagers: A questionnaire will be distributed to high school
students in an attempt to determine the special needs of teen-
agers in the Manteo area and to involve them in the community
development process.
F. Elderly: The planning staff will meet with the XYZ Club
and Golden Age Club to assess the needs of the elderly and to
involve them in the plans for the Quadricentennial Celebration
and waterfront development.
G. Handicapped: The facilities being planned for the Quadri-
centennial Celebration will provide access to the events and
the waterfront for handicapped citizens. Special attention

-16-
is being given to their needs in the first phase of the
waterfront to guarantee that someone in a wheelchair can
move from one of the boardwalks to the other.
H. Low -Income and Minorities: Low income and minority citizens
typically do not participate in community planning because
they do not have the time and financial resources to do so.
A Plan for the Next Phase of Manteo's Development details the
ways to involve these groups in housing rehabilitation, com-
munity improvement projects and job location. This plan will
be implemented by 1984.
I. Draft Review: Draft copies of Goals, Objectives and Implement-
ation Policies for Manteo will be circulated to local officials
for review. Revised copies will be distributed to all residents
in Manteo, and applied to the Land Use Plan for Manteo.
J. Review of Goals: The Town will conduct an annual review of
the Goals for Manteo report to insure the effectiveness of
each policy strategy. The Planning Board will evaluate at
that time the effect of the policies on land use changes that
have occurred or may be anticipated. The Board shall either
make a finding that no changes are necessary or make recom-
mendations for necessary changes.
K. Education: The Town considers this type of active involvement
the best process for public education on planning issues. In
addition, the Town will publish several public reports to be
distributed to each household on critical planning and
implementation strategies. This will begin in the Summer of
1981.
L. Current Local Policies and Re ulations: Manteo is organizing
loca development regulations into a central file that is
easily accessible to townspeople and local'officials for re-
view and cross referencing. The Town Administrative Assistant
will compile all land use codes into a planning file system
located in Town Hall.
Development plans will be more responsibly reviewed by the
Planning Board and involved citizens, if Manteo's policies
are cataloged in one source. Properties that fall under two
codes, for example, such as mobile homes which are control-
led by both the Town Code and Flooding Ordinance, will be
easier to understand. The following listing includes existing
plans and policies having significant implications for land
use:
1) Dare County Land Use Plan was developed in 1975 in'
accordance with the CAMA. It is presently being updated
by Lee Downey of William and Works as required by the
CAMA.
2) Town of Manteo Zoning Ordinance was prepared by the Manteo
Board of Commissioners, and enacted in 1979. A building
regulation was added to the Zoning Ordinance in 1980 .
giving the Planning Board and Zoning Board the power of
technical review of all construction in the Town re-
quiring a building permit.
3) The Town Code consists of detailed regulations. It in-
cludes explicitly defined governing policies concerning
the following Town issues: Animals and Fowl, Buildings,

Civil Emergencies, Demonstrations, Parades and
Picketing; Fire Protection, Garbage, Refuse and
Vegetation, Licenses, Offenses--Miscellaneous,,-Policy
Department, Streets, Sidewalks and Public Places,;
Taxation and Fiscal Provisions, Taxicabs, Trailers and
Trailer Parks, Vehicles and Traffic, Water, Sewer, and
Sewage.
4) The Flood Ordinance includes restrictions on construction
in low areas and on special structures such as trailers.
Hazard Flood Areas are identified by the Town's Flood
Insurance Rate Maps.
5) Planned Unit Development. Central control mechanisms
have been established for land development. They are
outlined in Section VIII of Manteo's Zoning Ordinance.
6) Manteo Community Development Program. Manteo applied in
1979 and 1980 for C.D. Block Grant funding but did not
qualify. Repair of 23 deteriorated units and removal of
11 dilapidated units was recommended in last year's
application, as well as installation of sewer lines that
the Town is now completing to all annexed areas.
The Town of Manteo enforces its plans and policies through
the general ordinance making powers granted to its Board of
Commissioners by the State. The Board of Commissioners has
exercised this power by enacting a comprehensive zoning
ordinance, town code, and by 1982, a land use plan under
CAMA guidelines. The Board of Commissioners designated a six -
member Manteo Planning Board as the planning agency to review
and administer Manteo's Zoning Ordinance. One member, the
zoning administrator, has all the necessary authority to
administer and enforce the Zoning Ordinance and State Build-
ing Code. (Article IX, Section 9.01, Manteo Zoning Ordinance).
OBJECTIVE 5. BLEND LOCAL AND VISITOR ACTIVITY
Despite the overwhelming support for the development of
tourist attractions downtown and celebration of the Quadri-
centennial in Manteo, residents are concerned that the Town not
be taken over by tourists. As Manteo makes a commitment to
tourism, it is essential that local lifestyles be carefully
protected. The image the Town conveys should be honest;.it should
be clear that townspeople wish to share their town with visitors,
not give it to them.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES
A. Annual Review: The satisfaction of permanent town residents
will be of primary importance in planning resident and
visitor interaction. The annual review of each tourist
season procedure outlined in Goals for Manteo (Goal 2,
Objective 4-A) will insure a continuous monitoring of town/
tourist relationships.
B. Double Functions: Certain facilities proposed for the 400th

9
Anniversary will be designed to accommodate both town and
tourist activity. The purpose of the immediate double
function of many facilities is to insure their usefulness to
the Town after the close.of the Quadricentennial. The pro-
posed tourist interpretive center, for example, can also
function as a Town Community Center. Demonstrations of local
crafts and some local events could be scheduled in con-
junction with tourist oriented activities. The boat building
center for the "Elizabeth II" will also include constant
interaction of tourists and local shipbuilders. All pro-
posed 400th facilities and alternative town uses are outlined
in A Plan for the Next Phase of Manteo's Development. Each
proposed activity and public facility in the Town will be
reviewed by the Planning Board to evaluate its consistency
with guidelines for town/tourist interaction set forth in the
Manteo Development Program.
OBJECTIVE 6. MAINTAIN THE FRIENDLY SMALL TOWN ATMOSPHERE OF
When asked about Manteo's best things, residents surveyed
expressed friendly people, small town qualities, and quality of
living most frequently. As one resident noted, "I'm not sure what.
it is, but there's a magic about this place." As Manteo makes
a commitment to share this magic with visitors, townspeople must
be certain that the qualities so important to their lifestyle
remain. See the Economic Analysis for a detailed listing of
recommended tourist and other retail services.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES
A. Dav-trip Visitors: To maintain its present small town quality,
Manteo will develop facilities designed primarily for day
visits. Tourist facilities and related functions that pre-
vent daily residential activity such as post office visits
or parking access to governmental offices are not acceptable
to Town development objectives.
B. Wes of Development: Manteo will permit single family,
We!
commercial and institutional land uses within
the town under the terms of the Zoning Ordinance and natural
constraints to development outlined in the Land Use Plan for
Manteo.
C. Location of Developments The town encourages controlled
growth, reuse of downtown, infill of undeveloped lots within
the present town limits, and clustered strip development on
Highway 64, consistent with the Town Zoning Ordinance and the
Land Use Plan. Commercial, public, multi -family, or single-
family attached developments shall be planned and located so
as not to interfere with surrounding existing residential
development. To guarantee this development pattern, the Town
will continue its efforts to exercise extra -territorial
jurisdiction (see 7 below). Manteo's development plans
should promote the growth and development of the Town as a
predominantly single-family residential community.

-19-
Population trends and resulting Town development patterns
were studied to determine future growth projections, and to
decide the type and amount of development preferred by
townspeople. Manteo's population growth from 1940 to 1980 was
analyzed, but the Town's growth patterns were too unstable
to utilize the DOA straightline projection model. Manteo's
population loss,and gains over the past 20 years, however, have
paralled those of the State as a whole, and the State's
population is expected to steadily increase. Under the advice
of the DOA State Demographic Section, (Francine Ewing), Manteo's
population projections were based on the growth trends occurring
over the past ten years. The increase of tourism and resulting
economic and support population growth patterns are a major
influence on Manteo's development policies. The number of
overnight visitors to Dare County increased from 30,000 per
day in the 1975 peak tourist season to 37,500 visitors per day
in the 1980 peak tourist season, an increase of 20%. The
average, two year interval increase of Dare County tourist
expenditures is 194% from 1965 to 1979. Most of this
expenditure applies to beach areas, but its potential forms
the basis for Manteo's low-key tourism policy of attracting
day visitors from nearby locations. Based on economic,
tourist and resident growth trends, a 9.8% population
increase per five year period has been estimated to 1995.
Year Population
1980
1327
1985
1392
1990
1463
1995
1541
°Increase Additional Residents
9.8%
9.8% + 65*
9.8% + 71
9.8% + 78
MANTEO POPULATION PROJECTIONS 1980-1995
*Increase is figured on the 664 population base preceding
the 1979 population increase from annexation.
Population Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Manteo almost doubled its population from annexation in 1979•
The Town does not anticipate annexation during the five year
planning period, and will protest development of any outlying
areas to an intensity requiring urban services. The Town
will continue to provide water and sewer services only to
facilities within the Town's corporate limits.

-20-
Soil limitations will also dictate location of development.
The predominant soil in the downtown waterfront and Highway
64 areas is the Onslow series. It is moderately well drained
and the seasonal high watertable is between 18 to 36 inches
below the soil's surface. Limiting factors for development
on this soil are flooding by seasonal wind tides and a limit-
ing surface layer of loamy sand that should be removed or dis-
persed where it occurs densely. Septic limitations are a
minor constraint to development because of Town sewer extensions
to those areas. Another commonly occurring soil in Manteo's
planning area is the Hobonny series. The Hobonny soils include
the marsh areas bordering Shallowbag Bay. These soils are
severely limited for most uses other than wildlife habitat.
Pockets of Madeland (pumped or dredged soil material) exist
adjacent to the Hobonny soil areas along the southeastern
border of the Town's jurisdiction limits. Trailers and houses
are being built on these pockets because of the Bay access,
but constraints to dwellings, streets and septic tank filter
fields are severe. The Town will provide water and sewer
extensions to all sites within its jurisdiction which will
help reduce the dangers of groundwater contamination.
D. Timing of Development: Timing of development will parallel
that of Quadricentennial activities and the capacity of the
Town to provide water and sewer services to additional pro-
jected development. Water and sewer capacities will not be
expanded to a capacity greater than that required to accom-
modate projected permanent or peak populations nor will the
Town allow development that will exceed the Town's ability to
provide adequate water and sewage treatment.
A water and sewer facility feasibility study for Manteo was
conducted in 1976. Water supplies for Manteo were projected
to be "unlimited" once the Town hooked up with the Dare
County water system, which it did in the Summer of 1980.
The Town recognizes that the long term reduction of ground
water quality and supply is a critical problem to the entire
coastal region. Manteo will continue to monitor the quality
and supply of its water resources and will avoid potential
local contamination of groundwater by checking soils and
watertable levels in hazard areas and dump sites. The Town
will also continue to support the State of North Carolina's
efforts to minimize depletion of, contamination of, and salt
water intrusion into the groundwater supply.
The capacity of Manteo's sewer treatment facilities is not as
clear. There is no metering system for the existing facilities
but the system is estimated to treat 250 thousand gallons of
sewage in a 24-hour period. The Town has experienced problems
with the system overflowing into Shallowbag Bay in recent
years, but this problem should be alleviated when improvements
presently underway increase the capacity in 1981.
The Town estimated that the facility would have 20% of its
capacity underutilized when these improvements are finished,
but serious questions were raised about the plant's capacity
to treat the waste water that will be produced by the growth
anticipated to accompany the Quadricentennial. The Town
Board will have an outside consultant update the capacity of
the sanitary sewer system in 1981.

-21-
E.
F.
In addition, the Town of Manteo opposes the use of ocean out -
fall as a means of sewage disposalbecause of cost, environ-
mental degradation, and the inappropriate growth patterns that
could result from such a system. The Town believes such a
system would destroy the lifestyle and environmental quality
that supports the Outer Banks through tourism. The Town will
pass a resolution to this effect in 1981.
Densit The density of development shall be consistent with
t at allowable in the Town Zoning Ordinance. Infill develop-
ment strategies will be applied within the following
specifications:
Residential density in the Old Town neighborhood between
Highway 64 and Old Tom Street will not exceed that allowable
under the present R-5 district designation, which allows a density
of 15 people per acre. Population density in surrounding
residential neighborhoods will not exceed that of six people
per acre. Manteo's present density of 3.7 people per gross
acre is projected to increase to. only 4.6 people per acre by
1990, which is well within the above density criteria.
It is estimated that 20% of the existing commercial buildings
in Manteo's downtown waterfront district are mixed commercial/
residential. An increase of that percentage is not to exceed
a balance of 50% mixed commercial/residential to commercial
structures. The Zoning Ordinance, Section 7.04, will be
amended to include the above mixed -use requirements. It is
estimated that 5% of the existing residential units in Manteo
are multi -family. An increase of that percentage is not to
exceed a balance of 10% multi -family units in all residential
areas. The Zoning Ordinance will be amended to reflect this .
requirement in 1982.
Use of Open Space for Small Scale Agriculture: Although
there are no significant tracts of agricultural or commercial
forestry land in Manteo's jurisdiction, many older residential
districts in Manteo retain fragments of small scale farming
such as gardens and poultry yards. Those plots, and similar
spaces in more recent neighborhoods form a potential source
of food production for townspeople. The Town, in an effort
to inform residents of the economic gains of neighborhood
.agriculture, will contact the Dare County Extension Agent
and horticulture agents from North Carolina State University
to coordinate information programs and publications for Town
residents. The Town will also modify ordinances and sections
of the Town Code that are inconsistent with these and other
programs that are important for the community to become more
self-sufficient.
OBJECTIVE 7:
People to Manteo are not only fond of their neighborhoods and
their town, but of the rural and natural character of their part
of the island. When asked about the best things in Manteo, those
surveyed frequently responded with such things as location,

-22-
climate, quiet, isolated and private. They enjoy being close
to undisturbed natural areas. Of all the features in town,
marshes rank as the second most important to Manteo residents.
As Manteo develops in the future, it is critical that natural
areas and the rural character of the north part of the island be
protected.
Among the most important natural resources on Roanoke Island
are the areas of environmental concern which are specifically
described in the State Guidelines for Areas of Environmental Con-
cern (subchapter 7H). The Manteo area contains the following com-
ponents of the estuarine system: estuarine waters, coastal wet-
lands, public trust areas, and estuarine shorelines.
A. Estuarine Waters
Description: Estuarine waters are defined in G.S. 113A-113(b)
(2) as "all the water of the Atlantic Ocean within the boundary
of North Carolina and all the waters of the bays, sounds,
rivers, and tributaries thereto seaward of the dividing line
between coastal fishing waters and inland fishing waters, as
set forth in an agreement adopted by the Wildlife. Resources
Commission and the Department of Natural Resources and
Community Development filed with the Secretary of State,
entitled 'Boundary Lines, North Carolina Commercial Fishing --
Inland Fishing Waters,' Revised to March 1, 1965." In the
Town of Manteo, this includes Shallowbag Bay and Dough's
Creek.
Significance: Estuarine waters are the dominant component
and bonding element of the entire estuarine system, integrating
aquatic influences from both the land and the sea. Estuaries
are among the most productive natural environments of North
Carolina. They support the valuable commercial and sports
fisheries of the coastal area which are comprised of estuarine
dependent species such as menhaden, flounder, shrimp, crabs,
and oysters. These species must spend all or some part of
their life cycle within the estuarine waters to mature and
reproduce. Of the ten leading species in the commercial
catch, all but one are dependent on the estuary.
M
n

-23-
Commercial and sports fisheries of singular importance to
Dare County are dependent upon the protection and sustained
quality of the estuarine areas.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES FOR ESTUARINE WATERS
The Estuarine waters of Shallowbag Bay and Dough's Creek within
the Town of Manteo will be conserved. Bulkheading to prevent
erosion and the building of piers or wharves where no other
feasible alternative exists may be allowed within estuarine
waters provided that such land uses will not be detrimental
to the biological and physical estuarines functions and public
trust rights. Such proposed projects must include a statement
of impact on existing navigation channels, shoreline erosion
potential, spoil deposition below mean high tide, changes in
water circulation patterns, changes in water quality standards,
and effects on shellfish waters. The development of additional
navigation channels should be prohibited because of the
existence of an adequate system.
B. Coastal Wetlands
Description: Coastal wetlands are defined as any salt marsh
or other marsh subject to regular or occasional flooding by
tides, including wind tides (whether or not the tide waters
reach the marshland areas through natural or artificial
watercourses), provided this shall not include hurricane or
tropical storm tides. Significant marshlands exist on the
east side of Dough's Creek and in large areas edging the
northeast and southeast boundaries of Shallowbag Bay. There
is the notable exception of approximately 20 acres near the
old Ice Plant site; this area is higher land with pinewoods
and an open, sandy field. A small, but significant, pocket
of marshland exists directly southeast of the Agona-Fernando
Street intersection. The marshlands are composed mainly of
Juncus roemerianus (black needlerush) and Tvnha spp. (cat -tail).
Significance: The expanse of wetlands bordering the south
side of Shallowbag Bay is the northern portion of what is
considered perhaps the finest Juncus roemerianus (black needle -
rush) dominated marshes remaining in the state.
The following survey taken just south of Highway 64 by the
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (Department of Natural
Resources and Community Development), probably applies to the
portion bordering Shallowbag Bay. Nearly pure stands of

-24-
Juncus roemerianus/Eleocharis obtusa cover about 70% of the
marsh area. Other communities present are: Eleocharis
parvula/Lilaeopsis chinesis in submerged areas, Spartina
atens windrows, Pluchea purpurascens/Scirpus supp. on the
marsh edge, and the transitional community, Spartina
cynosuroides/Scirpus robustus/loblolly pine/cedar covered
hummocks or "Islands" intersperse the marsh.
The Roanoke Island marshlands provide an important resting
area for migrating animals and birds going between the main-
land and the outer banks. The wetlands lying south of Shallow -
bag Bay provide important nesting, wintering, and/or feeding
grounds for Black Rails, Barn Owls, Least Bittern, Marsh
Wren and Clapper Rails.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES FOR COASTAL WETLANDS
All significant marshlands within the jurisdiction of Manteo
will be preserved. Sufficient sites already exist for water
access without breaching marshlands. Location of water -
related facilities such as boat ramps, piers, docks and
marinas in marshlands must be deemed to have no significant
impact on the estuarine ecosystem by CAMA staff.
C. Public Trust Areas
Description: Public trust areas are defined as ocean and
estuarine waters plus coastal streams, tributaries and lakes
in which the public may have rights of navigation, access or
other public trust rights, i.e. all surface waters. In
Manteo these include Dough's Creek and Shallowbag Bay.
Significance: The public has rights to these areas, including
navigation and recreation. In addition, these areas support
valuable commercial and sports fisheries, have aesthetic
value, and are important resources for economic development.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES FOR PUBLIC TRUST AREAS
Any land use which interferes with the public right of
navigation, or other public trust rights which the public
may be found to have in these waters, shall not be allowed. .
The building of piers, wharfs, marinas, or bulkheads to pre-
vent erosion shall be allowed in appropriate locations pro-
vided that such uses will not be detrimental to the biological
and physical functions and public trust rights. The develop-

-25-
ment of navigation channels in these public trust waters are
not essential because of those already existing, and will
therefore be prohibited. Other projects which would directly
or indirectly block or impair existing navigation channels,
increase shoreline erosion, deposit spoils below mean high
tide, cause adverse water circulation patterns, violate water
quality standards, or cause degradation of shellfish waters
are generally considered incompatible with the management of
public trust waters. The plans to build a bridge across
Dough's Creek as part of the Quadricentennial facilities must
be carefully designed and implemented so as not to do undue
environmental damage.
D. Estuarine Shorelines
Description: Estuarine shorelines are all shorelines abutting
estuarine waters inland 75 feet from high water. These are.
especially vulnerable to erosion, flooding or other adverse
effects of wind and water and are intimately connected to the
estuary. Because of its location on Shallowbag Bay, Manteo's
future land development needs to be compatible with both the
dynamic nature of estuarine shorelines and the values of the
estuarine system.
Significance: Development within estuarine shorelines
influences the quality of estuarine life and is subject to
the damaging processes of shore front erosion and flooding.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES FOR ESTUARINE SHORELINES
1. All development projects, proposals, and designs in
Manteo shall substantially preserve and not weaken
or eliminate natural barriers to erosion.
2. The Town will comply with the Use Standards set forth in
subchapter 7H of the State Guidelines for Areas of
Environmental Concern (T15:07H.0200),.
E. Fragile Natural and Cultural Resource Areas
Description: Fragile natural and cultural resource areas are
defined as areas containing environmental, natural or cultural
resources of more than local significance in which uncon-
trolled or incompatible development could result in major
or irreversible damage to natural systems or cultural re-
sources, scientific,'educational, or associative values, or
aesthetic qualities. Because of the historic archeological
significance of the "Lost Colony" site and uncertainty of
original settlement location, potential sites are being
investigated by archeological research teams. The downtown

-26-
village of Manteo is located in close proximity to Shallowbag
Bay, surrounding woods, and marshes, creating a valuable
aesthetic experience.
Significance: Fragile coastal natural resource areas are
generally recognized to be of educational, scientific, or
cultural value because of the natural features of the
particular site. Fragile coastal cultural resource areas are
generally recognized to be of educational, associative,
scientific, aesthetic, or cultural value because of their
special importance to our understanding of past human settle-
ment of and interaction with the coastal zone. Their import-
ance serves to distinguish the designated areas as significant .
among the historic architectural or archaeological remains
in the coastal zone, and therein establishes their value.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES FOR FRAGILE NATURAL AND CULTURAL
RESOURCE AREAS IN MANTEO
1. The Town recognizes that much of its residential and
tourism attraction is dependent on the closeness and
accessibility of natural areas. The Town will retain
unobstructed views to Shallowbag Bay and adjacent marshes
during its waterfront development project. These natural
features juxtaposed with the village create a unique and
valuable aesthetic experience. Construction on sites near
AEC or fragile areas will utilize views to and protect
their existence. The proposed shipbuilding site on
Fernando Street, for example, abuts a small marsh pocket.
A plan has .been drawn for the site that includes an
observation boardwalk near the marsh. The walk provides
people a view into the marsh and.discourages them from
walking through it.
2. Although the area within Manteo's present jurisdiction
has a low potential for historic remains, the Town will
support efforts to preserve areas of high potential for
historic archeological remains all over Roanoke Island
through participation in county planning decisions which
affect those sites. In addition, the history of the area
is heightened by the experience of crossing the bridge
over Croatan Sound and entering a completely wooded area.
This aesthetic experience evokes associations with the
original colony and is a significant part of the experience
of the Fort Raleigh Site and the Town of Manteo. It will
be especially important during and after the Quadri-
centennial Celebration to preserve this experience. The
Town will oppose any changes in land use that will alter
the aesthetic, educational and associative value of the
drive along Highway 64 from Croatan Sound to the Town.

-27-
3. In an effort to preserve these above stated fragile
cultural resource areas, to maintain the existing
rural residential character of the north end of Roanoke
Island, and to better plan for the commemorations and
growth to accompany the Quadricentennial Celebration,
the Town of Manteo will request that the County grant
the Town extraterritorial jurisdiction. This area
directly affects Manteo's development. The natural and
cultural resources therein significantly influence the
Town, and together, with the Town, form a logical
ecological unite Detailed planning for this area is
absolutely essential for the Town to implement the
Quadricentennial Celebration. The Town Planning Board
will co-sponsor with the County a public meeting to dis-
cuss this and other proposals related to planning for the
Quadricentennial
The Planning Team has identified areas surrounding Manteo
which could be easily damaged or destroyed by inappropriate
or poorly planned development. All fragile areas existing
on the north end of Roanoke Island have been located on a
1"-10001. scale map. Fragile areas outside Manteo's
jurisdiction but important to its planning process include:
a. Significant marshlands
Significant marshlands located on the east shore of
Dough's Creek and in large areas edging the northeast
and southeast boundaries of Shallowbag Bay. Policy
statements have been developed to protect the plant
communities and wildlife habitats presently existing
'in'those areas. (Goal 2, Objective 7, coastal wet-
lands). If Manteo is able to exercise its one mile
extraterritorial jurisdiction, the above areas will be
within its planning control.
b. Cultural Resource Areas
Because of the archeo ogical significance of the Lost
Colony site and uncertainty of original settlement
location, potential historic settlement sites are .
being investigated by archeological research teams.
The Planning Team is developing a Potential Cultural
'Resources map under the guidance of David S. Phelps,
consulting archaelogist at UNC-Greenville. Town and
County cooperation will be essential in protecting
areas of high archeological and cultural significance.
c. Prime Wildlife Habitats
An active Osprey nesting site located in the marsh
northeast of Dough's Creek has been mapped. The Osprey
is classified as a species of special concern and
should be protected. I£ the Town gains a one mile
extraterritorial jurisdiction, the birds' nesting
area will fall within its planning control.
d. Complex Natural Areas
An elliptical landform located just southwest of the
Manteo Airport appears to be a Carolina Bay formation.
Its location on Roanoke Island is unusual and warrants
further investigation. The Bay's Lynn Haven soils
composition make it a potential wetlands area subject
to CAMA protective regulations.

Iwo
f.
112
Prominant High Point
The unusual elevation of the Mother Vineyard area is
due to a relic dune system that was active during
the life df Trinity Inlet. The site is valuable
because of its example of the stabilization and re-
sulting plant community progression of a dune system.
The area is also culturally important as a potential
Lost Colony site. Sir Walter Raleigh's colonists
used Trinity Inlet to approach Roanoke Island and may
have used the area for settlement of defensive out-
posts. The relic dune slopes at Mother Vineyard and
north to the Lost Colony Park site exceed 12/ in
several sections, posing constraints to development,
and forming a highly erodable shoreline. The Town will
oppose, through letters and other coordination efforts
with Dare County, any development of these areas that
threatens their significance, or adversely impacts
estuarine resources.
Ocean Hazard Areas
Manteo's location on Shallowbag Bay is five miles from
any,oceanfront'shoreline. Policy statements on the
use of off -road vehicles and other measures relevant
to Ocean Hazard Areas are not applicable to the Town.
Mineral Production
No potential mineral production sites exist in Manteo's
corporate limits, or in the land area mapped for the
Town's land classification recommendations. Policy
statements on mineral production are not applicable
to the Town.

III. GOAL THREE: IMPROVE COMMUNITY SERVICES TO RESIDENTS OF
MANTEO

GOAL THREE
IMPROVE COMMUNITY SERVICES TO RESIDENTS OF MANTEO
DISCUSSION OF ALTERNATIVES
From the 1980 Goals for Manteo survey of townspeople a list
of community services most needing improvements was made. The
following are the alternatives considered:
1. The Town could increase its property tax rate to provide new
sidewalks and streets and increase the maintenance of existing
ones.
2. The Town could continue its cooperative arrangement with the
State to upgrade and maintain streets and sidewalks on the
basis of a high priority list.
3. The Town could apply for a Community Development Grant to
upgrade the low income housing in California.
4. The Town could initiate its own self-help program to upgrade
the low income housing in California.
5. The Town could enforce its dog control ordinance by hiring a
dog empoundment 'officer.
6. The Town could provide public information about community
solutions for dog control.
7. The Town could develop a vocational training program.
8. The Town could make specific suggestions to the School Board
to encourage them to offer courses to help poorly skilled
residents get jobs in the area.
9. The Town could recruit additional health care personnel to
the area.
10. The Town could request the local health care officials to
advertise health care alternatives available to local
residents.
11 The town could increase its property tax rate to provide
additional law enforcement officials.
12. The Town could instruct the Administrative Assistant to respond
to citizen complaints about law enforcement officials.
ALTERNATIVE SELECTION
The Town chooses alternatives two, three, four, six, eight, ten,
and twelve. Implementation policies for each of these follows.

-30-
OBJECTIVE 1:
Throughout the survey, street paving and maintenance, and
lack of sidewalks on Highway 64, were said to be the most serious
problems currently in Manteo. Fifty-one percent said street
paving and maintenance is a serious or very serious problem.
Fifty-six percent feel lack of sidewalks on Highway 64 is a serious
or very serious problem. There is also a problem with sidewalks
downtown, which are quite narrow in some areas and cause a pro-
blem for people to pass. These problems are critical now, and
must be dealt with regardless of Quadricentennial plans.
IMPLEMENTATION.POLICIES
A. Inventory of Streets and Sidewalks: An inventory of existing
streets and sidewalk conditions will be done and recommendations
presented to the Town Board for maintenance and improvement
consistent with Quadricentennial plans and resident population
growth projections.
B. Priorities: Highest priority in street and sidewalk con-
struction will be given to the low-income California neighbor
hood just west of Highway 64/264. Sir Walter Raleigh and
Fernando Street extensions require the most immediate street
improvements.
C. Sidewalks on Highway 64: The Town, in conjunction with the
State Department of Transpportation, will continue to build
sidewalks along Highway 64 to establish access from com-
mercial establishments such as the grocery stores to neigh-
borhoods adjacent to Highway 64.
D. Street Trees: The Town Tree Board will inventory existing
street tree conditions and make recommendations consistent
with citizen preference, Quadricentennial plans and state
guidelines for maintenance. This will be done during 1981.
OBJECTIVE 2: PROVIDE LOW INCOME HOUSING
Efforts should continue to upgrade the lives of Manteo's
low income residents. Forty-eight percent of those surveyed
found low income housing availability to be a serious or very
serious problem. Housing conditions for many lower income towns-,,
people are substandard. Although the average income in the area
is higher than other eastern North Carolina counties, Dare
County's poor are just as poor as people around the State. There-
fore, compared to the average residents, Manteo's lower income
residents are relatively worse off. As.Manteo makes improvements.
to the Town for visitors, an attempt must be made to help low
income residents improve their living conditions.

-31-
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES
A. Communit Develo ment Block Grant; The Town will continue
e forts to obtain HUD assistance for housing rehabilitation
in the California area through applications for Community
Development Block Grant Funds' Small Cities Program.
B. Neighborhood Association: The Town Administrative Assistant
will aid the California community in developing a viable
neighborhood association that can initiate self-help projects.
External donations will be sought in a "fix -up, paint -up" -
campaign keyed to the Quadricentennial.
C. Self -Help Projects: The Town will encourage self-help pro-
jects to inexpensively improve poor housing. If the Town
is unsuccessful in obtaining HUD.assistance in 1982, a local
community development program similar to the Federal program
but more dependent on self help, will be established by the
Town Board to begin repairing housing during 1983 and 1984.
The Town Board will organize a committee to raise funds for
materials during each of those two years contingent upon
service organizations, churches, and individual citizens in
the California area providing the labor to repair their own
or the housing of low-income elderly and handicapped home-
owners. The details of this program will.be established
by the Town Administrative Assistant, the Building Inspector
and a committee of residents from California to be chosen
in a neighborhood meeting. In addition, the Town Building
Inspector will work with absentee landlords by providing
technical assistance and enforcement of the State Code to get'
substandard houses occupied by renters brought up to standard.
OBJECTIVE 3. INITIATE COMMUNITY DOG CONTROL POLICIES
It is nice, in a small town, to be able to allow dogs to
run free, but in Manteo this has become a bit out of hand. Many
of the older residents have complained about being knocked down
by dogs; some have even been knocked from their bicycles. When
asked about problems in their neighborhoods, residents cited dogs
more than 10% of the time. A firm dog control policy should be
adopted to relieve this problem.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES
A. Public Information: The Town will initiate public information
service efforts through a newspaper series on local animal
shelters, school children protection needs, and existing
Town animal control policies.
B. Bad Dog: The Town will request that the local newspapers
have a short continuing feature on "Bad Dog of the Month" to
publicize chronic canine nuisances.
OBJECTIVE 4. DEVELOP VOCATIONAL TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
Although nearly everyone has a job during the summer, 11/ of
Dare County residents are unemployed in the wintertime. Of those

-32 -
residents surveyed, 45y called vocational training a serious or
very serious problem. The development of a good vocational
training program will be a way for residents to improve their
qualifications for those jobs that are available year-round.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES
A. Vocational Training: The Town will encourage expansion of
vocational training programs offered at the high school to
include instruction in appropriate dress and speech for
various job situations by writing letters to appropriate
school officials. Additional training would increase the
opportunities for unskilled citizens to qualify for job
advancement.
B. Survey: Many lower income residents in Manteo may be unable
to work because of problems other than vocational training.
In 1982, the Town will conduct a survey to uncover additional
needs, such as transportation to work, to establish what the
major obstacles are to permanent employment for lower income
residents.
OBJECTIVE 5. MAKE USE OF EXISTING FACILITIES AND LOCAL COMMUNITY
The current development plans for the Quadricentennial being
discussed in Manteo are extensive, and although the majority of
the development cost will not fall on the Town, it is important
that Manteo be conservative of public funds whenever possible.
To insure this, reuse of existing facilities and developed areas
must be encouraged. By keeping development clustered, Manteo can
avoid expansion of water and sewer lines, roads, utilities and
other public services, thereby minimizing public expense and
avoiding tax increases.
Manteo Schools. In addition to utilizing Quadricentennial
facilities for local reuse, the county schools in Manteo provide
summer and evening use potential. The Dare County Board of
Education operates two public schools in Manteo, and is presently
building a new high school facility.
Manteo Elementary: General Manteo High: General
Information Information
-Size of site/9.3 acres -Size of site/15.8 acres
-Grades 'housed/K-6 Grades housed/7-12
-Year built/1952-1967-1875 -Year built/1958= additions in
-Membership (1975/76)/572 1967, 1974, and 1975
-Total permanent teaching -Membership (1975/76)/572
stations/24 -Total permanent teaching
-Mobile units/1 stations/22
-1952, four -classroom Mobile units/3
(temporary building) -Two steel buildings

-33-
Manteo Elementary (cont.)
-Water supply system/municipal
-Sewage disposal system/
municipal
t
Manteo High (cont.)
-Water supply system/municipal
-Sewage disposal system/
municipal
APPROXIMATE NO. OF STUDENTS
FACILITY CAPACITIES
AREA
Grades
1973.74
1976.77
1981.82
Short-
Range
Medium
Range
Long -Range
K-5
540
695
648
902
814
Manteo Elementary
814 and Kitty Hawk
MANTEO HIGH SCHOOL
ATTENDANCE AREA
6-8
332
378
486
594
528
484 Manteo High School
9-12
363
432
1 506
1
500 New High School
Manteo Schools: Facility Utilization
Note: Capacity figures are based on 22 students per instructional
space, they should be considered as approximate guidelines.
With.construction of the new high school facilities Manteo
will have adequate school facilities for projected demand. Pro-
jections made by the North Carolina Department of Education are
based on increase in Dare County Birthrate (see Appendix B), and
immigration of grades.
Average Daily Membership/Grades K-12
1975-1976 1,988
1979-1980 2,083
1980-1981 2,153
1984-1985 2,386*
*Projection by North Carolina Department of Education.
OBJECTIVE 6. EXPAND AND IMPROVE -HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
A common problem among small towns is getting and keeping
an acceptable level of health care. In the survey, 44% feel the
lack of health care facilities is a serious or very serious pro-
blem; 39% feel the lack of doctors and dentists is a serious or
_very serious problem.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICY
Although the number of practicing physicians in the area.has'steadily
increased with the improvement of County health care services, many
people still do not know what their choices of health care are.
The Town will convey this information to health officials and urge
them to undertake a program to inform residents of the range of
existing health care facilities.

-3w
OBJECTIVE 7. IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LAW OFFICIALS
When asked about the most serious problem in Manteo, 10% of
those surveyed mentioned the quality of law officials. Although
the survey questions did not elicit the details of this problem,
careful attention must be paid to these concerns.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICY
Manteo's Town officials encourage citizen input in all stages of
planning and decision making. Any citizens with specific pro-
blems in the area of law enforcement are encouraged to make these
problems known to town leaders.
OBJECTIVE 8. MINIMIZE DAMAGE FROM HURRICANES AND FLOODS
As in most coastal communities, Manteo is ever mindful of the
damage possible from hurricanes and flooding. It has taken steps
to minimize that loss by providing urban services outside the
flood prone areas and encouraging cluster development in the Town.
The Town will request that local newspapers run a series of
articles yearly, in off -tourist season, informing area residents
of hurricane damage prevention measures.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES
A. National Flood Insurance Standards: In those areas that are
subject to flooding, primarily in the downtown district, strict
adherence to the provisions for National Flood Insurance will
be followed.
B. Hurricane Evacuation Plan: In an effort to minimize the
chance of loss of life, the Town will display the County
Hurricane Evacuation Plan in Town Hall.
OBJECTIVE 9. DEVELOP ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES
Many citizens in Manteo complain of the high cost of utilities
and frequently disrupted service. Because of location, residents
of Manteo can effectively use solar energy for heating, and wind
for cooling and power production.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES
A. Information: The Town will display various pamphlets empha-
sizing low-cost techniques for energy conservation in ,Town Hall.
B. 1985 Review: At the Five -Year Review, the Planning Board will
address the long-term alternatives for energy production and
use in the area.
C. Conventional Energy Producing Plants: It will be the policy.
of the Town to not allow location of nuclear or electric
generator plants within the existing corporate limits.

IV. GOAL FOUR: CELEBRATE THE QUADRICENTENNIAL OF THE FIRST
ROANOKE COLONIES IN MANTEO

GOAL FOUR
DISCUSSION OF ALTERNATIVES
One of the important challenges facing the Town of Manteo
is to determine an appropriate and affordable means to celebrate
the Quadricentennial of the Roanoke Colonies. Scores of pro-
posals were made by townspeople and individuals all over the
county. The alternatives that were most thoroughly discussed
include the following:
1. The Town could encourage America's Four Hundredth Anniversary
Committee to build and dock the replica of a Roanoke Voyage
Ship, The Elizabeth II, in Manteo.
2. The Town could host key historical commemorations like the
celebration of the first voyage's arrival on Roanoke Island
and the birth of Virginia Dare.
.3. The Town could cooperate with the Department of Cultural
Resources in establishing an annual Anglo-American folk
festival in Manteo.
4. The Town could participate in building a replica of an
Elizabethan Village.
5. .The Town could be transformed into an Elizabethan theme
village.
6. The Disney World -type boat trip based in Manteo, could be
developed.
ALTERNATIVE SELECTION
The Town chooses alternatives one, two, and three.
OBJECTIVE 1: BUILD AND DOCK THE "ELIZABETH II" IN MANTEO
A permanent monument to the lost colony is important to
townspeople as an expression of their strong ties to the mystery
and legacy of their island. Eighty-seven percent of the residents
surveyed want to see the "Elizabeth II" built and docked in
Manteo. The "Elizabeth II" will also be important as a major
visitor attraction, establishing the annual tourist trade which
is vital to Manteo's economy. It is projected that 100,000
additional visitors will be attracted to Manteo's waterfront
each year that the ship is being built and docked there. This

-36-
translates into nearly twice the economic benefits that the
downtown contributes to the Town in tourist business presently.
This type of tourism is consistent with the townspeople's desire
to attract visitors who have historic and educational, rather
than diversionary and/or thrill -seeking interests. The number
of visitors anticipated is also consistent with the townspeople's
desire to share their history with tourists but not be overrun
by them. For these reasons the docking of the "Elizabeth II,•
with the development of a living waterfront to tell the history,
is embraced by Manteo's residents as an appropriate way both to
celebrate the Quadricentennial and to continuously tell the story
of Roanoke Island.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES
A. Construction: America's Four Hundredth Anniversary Committee
will raise construction funds and build the ship in Manteo.
The Town will acquire the Creef-Davis boat building site in
1981 and make that site available for the construction of the
ship.
B. Location: Because 400 years ago Fort Raleigh was near the
present location of Manteo and today Manteo has the facilities,
the harbor, the need, and the will necessary to house the
commemoration, it is a logical site to dock the "Elizabeth II."
The planning team has developed priority sites for docking
the ship and will work with the Committee if the members
choose to locate the ship in Manteo.
C. Waterfront: The waterfront will be refurbished by the Town
of Manteo during 1981 to prepare an appropriate setting for
the "Elizabeth II."
OBJECTIVE 2: OBSERVE KEY HISTORICAL EVENTS THROUGH
Residents of Manteo and Roanoke Island are proud of their
connection to Sir Walter Raleigh's first American colonists.
They consider themselves the spiritual children of the lost
colony. Eighty-nine percent of the residents surveyed support
holding commemorative events in Manteo, and 33/ favor historically
related activities such as learning history by involvement,
historic reinactments, and a cultural arts festival. These
events will attract thousands of visitors and national media
attention, providing an excellent opportunity for local people to
share their Island's important past and to extend an invitation
to come and experience first hand that history.

-37-
The direct economic benefits of these ceremonies will not
be insignificant (see A Quadricentennial Economic Analysis),
but the primary contributions to the Town will be symbolic and
long-term financial gain derived from the media exposure. The
direct.benefits county -wide will be more important, with the
primary beneficiaries being hotels, restaurants and service
stores.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES
A. Events: America's 400th Anniversary Committee has plans for
a celebration on July 13, 1984, marking the 400th anniversary
of the landing of the first colonists on Roanoke Island.
During this ceremony, the "Elizabeth II" will be launched.
Another celebration is planned for August 18, 1987 marking
the 400th anniversary of the birth of Virginia Dare. Smaller
ceremonies will take place on significant dates between these
two international celebrations.
B. Location: The Town of Manteo will develop a plan to provide
facilities for the various events by 1982.
C. Coordination: The facilities will be prepared jointly by the
Town, ounty, State, Federal and private groups. There will
be an emphasis on using existing facilities and open spaces.
OBJECTIVE 3:
ANGLO
Although responses to how the Quadricentennial should be
celebrated are diverse, they center around the areas of history,
folk culture, and connections with England. Suggestions by
townspeople include: music, dance, cultural arts festival, and
parades. North Carolina is rich in its Anglo-American heritage.
In the outer banks, that heritage is very much alive, making the
Anglo-American Folk Festival a natural means of celebrating the
Quadricentennial.
Aside from the economic benefits (see Quadricentennial
Economic Analysis), an annual Anglo-American Folk Festival will
attract visitors who are sensitive to, interested in, and respect-
ful of the history and recent culture of Roanoke Island.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES
A. Cooperation: Manteo will cooperate with the State Department
of Cultural Resources in the planning and staging of these
festivals. The Town will provide contacts with appropriate
local folk performers and craftsmen and will locate suitable
sites for the events.
B. New Commemorative Property: The Town will try to acquire the
20 acres of high land across Dough's Creek in commemoration of
the Quadricentennial. This property will provide an ideal
location for the festivals.

V. GOAL FIVE: DEVELOP A MORE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE COMMUNITY

GOAL FIVE
DEVELOP A MORE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE COMMUNITY
DISCUSSION OF ALTERNATIVES
The realistic alternatives for Manteo to develop a more
economically viable community are limited. It is largely
dependent on governmental services and historically based tourism
which preclude many other finance generating functions. The
following alternatives were considered:
1. The Town could provide job opportunities through public funded
projects for the four hundredth anniversary celebration and
new commercial development accompanying it..
2.. The Town could guarantee the availability of commercial and
mixed use sites through zoning and the provision of urban
services.
3. The Town could recruit a heavy industry to the downtown area.
4. The Town could recruit the relocation of the Christmas Shop
to downtown.
$. The Town could stabilize the tax base by working with the
County Commissioners to change the means of appropriating
sales tax revenues.
6. The Town can recruit small industries and specialty shops
consistent with the character of the waterfront to the down-
town area.
ALTERNATIVE SELECTION
The Town chooses alternatives one, two, five and six. A discussion
of each follows.
OBJECTIVE 1. PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR MORE .TORS TTRMOT'.N TnrcuFACFn
As mentioned above, Dare County has one of the States.
highest winter unemployment rates. The need for new industry
and more job opportunities was rated as a serious or very serious
problem by 44/ of those surveyed. Seventy percent felt it was at
least a somewhat serious problem. Through its increased commitment
to visitor traffic, Manteo has the opportunity to attract some new
commercial development which will create more jobs for Manteo
residents. Furthermore, the development which occurs in con-
nection with the Quadricentennial celebration should be done by
local labor to the extent possible.

-39
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES
A. Commercial Development: As developpment of public funded pro-
jects proceeds in anticipation of 400th Anniversary celebrat-
ions, commercial development will follow. The Town of Manteo
will recruit these new establishments by distributing literature
about upcoming events and new development to prospective ,
industries and businesses as well as prospective visitors.
Each new business will be advised of the need for year round
jobs and encouraged to hire local people for those jobs.
B. Governor's Award: To show its commitment to economic re-
covery, the Town of Manteo will pursue the Governor's Award
for a Community of Excellence. This will bring the attention
of possible investors in Manteo's future.
C. Commercial Sites: The Town will guarantee the availability
of commercial and mixed use sites, both downtown and on
Highway 64 through zoning.
D. Urban Services: The Town will encourage development of new -
businesses by providing water and sewer both downtown and on
Highway 64 within the Town limits.
OBJECTIVE 2: STABILIZE AND DIVERSIFY THE LOCAL TAX BASE
Although it seems that tourism is the answer to many of
Manteo's economic and community service problems, it is important
that the Town not become totally dependent on tourism. At the
same time the Town prepares to expand its tourist tax base,
efforts should be made to correct previous inequities in the tax
system and diversify the economy. Small industries compatible
with the waterfront development and specialized educational
facilities in town, as well as projects like the Wanchese Seafood
Processes Park can diversify the economy. The Town will benefit
in the long run from an economy not totally dependent upon
tourism. This is especially true for low ,income, poorly trained
individuals who presently have only seasonal work during the
tourist months. The Wanchese Industrial Park estimates employ-
ment of 500 people by 1984-85, which will help lower winter
unemployment figures in the area. The existing local labor force
is expected to fill most of the 500 positions,
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES
A. Sales Tax Allocations: The Town Board will work with the
County Commissioners to change the means of appropriating
sales tax revenues. The principle concern for stabilizing
the local tax base of Manteo is the existing inequity in the
way sales tax revenues are distributed at the local level.
Presently these monies are allocated to each town on property
tax value instead of population.
Having the largest municipal population and being relatively

-40-
the poorest town in Dare County (in terms of personal income
and property values), Manteo receives the smallest amount
when its needs are the greatest.
B. Small Industries: To diversify the economy in town, the Town
will advertise, in the program for the Lost Colony and news-
papers, in 1982 to attract small industries that are com-
patible with the waterfront development. Industries such as
those producing local crafts, products from local natural
resources, aquaculture, boat building, furniture making as
well as the arts, art education, professional offices, or
educational retreat facilities will be considered
appropriate.
C. Available Building Sites: The Town will guarantee the
availability of such sites by zoning, enhance downtown
locations by public investments in the waterfront, and pro-
vide water and sewer services to the sites.

VI. GOAL SIX: PROVIDE RECREATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL
MANTEO RESIDENTS

GOAL SIX
PROVIDE RECREATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL
DISCUSSION OF ALTERNATIVES
Though close to recreational opportunities for tourists,
Manteo has few public facilities available to townspeople. The
following alternatives were considered:
1. The Town could locate a teen center in one of the facilities
planned for the 400th Anniversary.
2. The Town could build a separate teen center.
3. The Town could choose to let other community groups be solely
responsible for recreation for teenagers.
4. The Town could provide technical assistance to groups
establishing a teen center.
5. The Town could build a new boardwalk with picnic, sitting, and
passive recreation facilities along the waterfront.
6. The Town could include in its plans for the Quadricentennial
celebration the acquisition of the Ice Plant site and the
provision of a public beach on that site.
..ALTERNATIVE SELECTION
The Town chooses alternatives one, four, five.and six. A dis-
c
ussion of each follows.
OBJECTIVE 1: PROVIDE A TEEN CENTER
In discussions with Manteo residents, -the need for a teen
center comes up frequently. Eighty.percent of those surveyed
wish to see a teen center located somewhere in Manteo and 51/
cited the lack of a teen center as a serious or very serious".
problem. A teen center should be centrally located in Manteo
to be easily accessible to teenagers from all over town.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES
A. Survey: A survey will be made in 1981'to determine the teen-
agers' own perceptions of their needs and their willingness.
to help operate a center.
B. Shared Facilities: The Town Board will seek.an appropriate
facility built for the 400th Anniversary that can also serve "
as a teen center.
C. Role of Town Administrative Assistant: The Town Administrative
Assistant will work with local church, civic groups, and.teen-
agers to establish .the center.

_42_
OBJECTIVE 2. PROVIDE PARKS AND RECREATION FOR MANTEO RE
Parks and recreation needs are major obstacles to a healthy
community in Manteo. As serious or very serious problems, 4vo
of those surveyed included parks and recreation for teenagers,
48/ included playgrounds for children, 42% included parks and
recreation for adults, and 39% included the need for picnic and
sitting places. The time has come for Manteo to provide parks
and recreation facilities for all local people.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES
A, Waterfront: The Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service
Ras provided the Town a matching grant to build a boardwalk,
increase picnic areas, increase sitting areas, and provide
more recreation space along the Manteo waterfront. These
improvements will; begin in 1981.
B. Other parks: Residents of California would like to restore
the old church at Lavada's Corner, located in the center of
the California neighborhood, to its original condition. To
encourage their efforts, the Town will assist in locating
potential funding sources for the project.
OBJECTIVE 3. PROVIDE A BEACH OR OTHER WATER RELATED RECREATION
AREA
Despite Manteo's strong connection with the water, and the
water's direct.impact on people's lives, there is no place for
water,recreation in Manteo except between the boats along the
"waterfront. Fifty-five percent of those responding in the survey
said they.would like to have such facilities in Manteo. Water
related recreation could also be used as an added visitor
attraction, and provide another opportunity for peaceful contact
between visitors and townspeople. If a beach is developed, it is
essential that the pollution in Shallowbag Bay be reduced and
controlled.
IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES
A. Acquisition: The Town will seek to acquire the dredge
spoil land across Dough's Creek for the Quadricentennial
Celebration and for continuing long-term recreation...
B. Plans: The Town will include a beach.in the design of this .
property for use by both residents and visitors.
_. ,

LAND CLASSIFICATION

-43-
LAND CLASSIFICATION
PURPOSE
The land classification map is a graphic illustration of the
Town's adopted implementation policies providing a visual guide
for future land uses and those areas where natural and cultural
resources will be preserved. The map is not a regulatory
mechanism but will be a guide in making zoning and other land
use decisions. Both the policy statement and land classification
map should be used in making implementation decisions.
LAND CLASSES
Within the Town of Manteo's jurisdiction there are only.three
land classifications: developed, conservation, and a small
transition area. In the area of critical importance to the Town.
outside Manteo's jurisdiction, are additional areas of trans-
ition, community, rural residential, rural production and con-
servation. These latter areas are mapped for the following
reasons: one, they reflect the stated policies of the Town.
Two, these areas directly affect Manteo's development. Three,
the natural and cultural resources influencing Manteo are in-
" eluded therein. Four, the north end of the island.is the only
logical ecological unit of data gathering when planning for..
Manteo. Five, these areas would be included.in Manteo's planning
area if it were granted extraterritorial jurisdiction. Six, the
Town has planned these in greater detail than is possible under
the county -wide plan.
DEVELOPED
The purpose of the developed class is to provide for con-
tinued intensive development and redevelopment of existing urban
areas in Manteo. With the completion of the water and sewer
extensions following annexation, almost all of the area within
the Town of Manteo is suitable for intensive development or re-
development. The overall density of the Town is approximately
800 dwelling units per square mile with water, sewer, police and
fire protection, and some recreational facilities. This is well
in excess of the minimums for the developed class but still low
enough that the entire anticipated population growth of 45 new
families can be accommodated by infilling within existing residential
and mixed use areas at a density acceptable to the Town.

-44_
The developed area of Manteo is presently residential,
commercial, and mixed use. These uses will continue and be en-
hanced in accordance with the implementation policies included
herein. The intention is to cluster urban development and pre-
vent sprawling suburban'development requiring urban services.
TRANSITION
The purpose of the transition class is to provide for future
intensive urban development within the ensuing ten years on lands
that are most suitable and that will be scheduled for provision
of necessary public utilities and services. Within the Town
limits is one parcel of land designated transition, the future
site of the high school. The Town has provided urban services
and within the ten year planning period this parcel will be
developed intensively.
The Ice Plant Site across Dough's Creek, under the County's
jurisdiction, is suggested to be classified transition. .The 20
acres of high land may then be developed for public use as part
of.the Quadricentennial Celebration and to provide beach access.
The Town.would provide those urban services necessary for the
public.celebration but in no case would private development be
allowed.to occur because of the island's proximity to wetlands:
No other transition land is needed during the planning
period and the Town of Manteo does not intend to, extend urban
services to other areas:
COMMUNITY
Thepurpose of the community class istoprovide, clustered
land development to help meet housing, shopping, employment, and
public service needs within the rural areas surrounding Manteo.
There are several areas outside the Town limits in the County's
jurisdiction that provide clusters of housing, public services,
and tourist -oriented businesses. Some are mixed uses but most
are not. In some cases these are residential areas adjacent to
the Town at densities that are neither urban nor rural. During
...the planning period the Town expects that no urban services will
be extended to these areas. Care must be exercised to prevent
the densityin these areas from rising to the level of requiring
urban services to rectify problems.

-45-
RURAL RESIDENTIAL
The purpose of the rural residential class is to provide for
low intensity residential or recreational use. These are areas
where urban services are not required and where natural resources
will not be significantly impaired. Much of the north end of
Roanoke Island is low density residential interspersed within
forested areas. These lands are valuable for forestry and also
constitute an irreplaceable scenic resource along Highway 64 from
the bridge over the Croatan Sound to Manteo. Since these lands.
are important to the experience of Fort Raleigh, will not receive
urban services, and are well suited for dispersed residential,
forestry, farming, and low intensity recreation, the Town will
urge the County to protect these lands by classifying them rural
residential. Under no circumstances should higher density
residential or additional commercial development be allowed. The
scenic corridor should be preserved.,
RURAL PRODUCTION
The purpose of the rural production class is to provide for
agriculture, forest management, or other suitable low intensity
uses that will not need urban services or significantly impact
natural resources. These are.areas, also under the County's
jurisdiction, that are almost exclusively forested. They con-
stitute an irreplaceable scenic resource along Highway 64 import-
ant to the experience of Fort Raleigh. These areas will not
receive urban services and are well suited for forestry, farming
and low intensity recreation. It is proposed that these areas
be designated rural production, that no high intensity development
be allowed herein, and that the scenic corridor be preserved. In
some cases low density residential will be appropriate.
CONSERVATION
This classification is established to provide for effective,
long-term management of significant limited and irreplaceable
areas. It is to protect the Areas of Environmental Concern and
to delineate areas of public benefit where certain public uses
may take.place in accordance with the policies previously stated.
In the Town limits are several wetlands, Shallowbag Bay and
Dough's Creek. No high density development is appropriate. No

-46 - , .
additional bulkheading, creation of navigation channels, piers,
docks, boat ramps, marinas and wharfs, except those planned and
described herein or those deemed to have no significant adverse
impact on estuarine resources by CAMA staff, will be allowed
during the planning period.
Outside the Town's jurisdiction are also wetlands, shore -
lands that are hazardous for development, wildlife habitats, a
unique Carolina Bay formation, irreplaceable archeological sites,
and water bodies that are important to the Town. Hopefully, they
will be classified Conservation by the County.

-47-
STATE LICENSES AND PERMITS
Agency
Department of Natural Resources
and Community Development
Division of Environmental
Management
Department of Natural Resources
and'.Community Development
:Office of Coastal Management
Department of NaturalResources
and Community Development
Division of Earth Resources
Licenses and Permits
-Permits to discharge to surface
waters or operate waste water
treatment plants or oil dis-
charge permits; NPDES Permits,
(G.S. 143-215)
-Permits for septic tanks with
a capacity over 3000 gallons/
day (G.S. 143-215.3)
Permits for withdrawal of sur-
face or ground waters in capacity
use areas (G.S.'143-215.15)
-Permits for air pollution
abatement facilities and
sources (G.S. 143-215.108)
Permits for construction of
complex sources; e.g, parking
lots, subdivisions, stadiums,
etc. (G.S. 143-215.109)
-Permits for construction of.a
well over 100,000 gallons/day
(G.S. 87-88)
-Permits to dredge and/or fill
in estuarine waters, tidelands,
etc. (G.S. 1137229)
-Permits to undertake develop
ment in Areas of Environmental
Concern.(G.S. 113A-118)
NOTE: Minor development per-
mits are issued by the local
government
-Permits to alter or construct a
dam (G.S: 143-215.66)
-Permits to mine (G.S. 74-51).
-Permits to drill an exploratory
Oil or gas well (G.S. 113-381)
-Permits to.conduct geographical
exploration' (G.S. 113-391 .
-Sedimentation erosion.control
plans for any land disturbing
activity of over one contiguous
area (G.S. 113A-54)

-48-
Department of Natural Resources -Permits to construct an oil
and Community Development refinery
Secretary of NRCD
Department of Administration Easements to fill where lands
are proposed to be raised
above the normal high water
mark of navigable waters by
filling (G.S. 146.6(c))
Department of Human Resources -Approval to operate a solid
waste disposal site or facility
(G.S. 130-166.16).
-Approval for construction of
any public water supply facility
that furnishes water to ten or
more residences (G.S. 130-160.1).

-49-
FEDERAL LICENSES AND PERMITS
Agency Licenses and Permits
Army Corps of Engineers -Permits required under Sections
(Department of Defense)9 and 10 of the Rivers and
Harbors of 1899; permits to
construct in navigable waters
-Permits required under Section
103 of the Marine Protection,
Research and Sanctuaries Act
of 1972
-Permits required under Section
404 of the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act of 1972;
permits to undertake dredging
and/or filling activities
Coast Guard
(Department of Transportation)
Geological Survey ,
Bureau of Land Management
(Department of Interior)-
Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission
-Permits for bridges, causeways,
pipelines over navigable waters;
required under the General
Bridge Act of 1946 and the
Rivers and Harbors Act of.1899
-Deep water port permits
-Permits required for off -shore
drilling
Approvals of OCS pipeline
corridor rights -of -way
-Licenses for siting, construct-
ion and operation of nuclear
power plants; required under
the Atomic Energy Act of 195.4
and Title II of the Energ
Reorganization Act of 1974
-Permits for construction,,.
operation and maintenance of
interstate pipeline facilities
required under the Natural Gas
Act.of 1938
-Orders.of interconnection of
electric transmission facilities
under Section 202(b) of the
Federal Power Act

-50-
-Permission required for
abandonment of natural gas
pipelines and associated
facilities under Section 7C(b)
of the Natural Gas Act of 1938.
-Licenses for non-federal hydro-
electric projects and associated
transmission lines under .
Sections 4 and 15 of the Federal
Power Act
k

1. Existing Land Use Map
2. Land Classification Map

EXISTING LAND USE 1981
Manteo, North Carolina
ACRES

LAND CLASSIFICATION 1981
Manteo, Rlorth Carolina
ACRES nm
0 01 00 feet x

APPENDIX B
PROFILE ON MANTEO AND DARE COUNTY
Dare County and the Town of Manteo are growing significantly
in population. Live births in Dare County have increased from
107 in 1973 to 173 in 1974. There are currently 497 housing
units within the Town's corporate limits (Department of Commerce,
Census Bureau for 1980), and the demand for new housing is ex-
pected to increase steadily. Average per capita income for
Manteo in 1977 was $4,903.00. The average per capita income for
Dare County in 1979 was $6,599.00. Tourism, second home develop-
ment, and resulting support services have significantly affected
Manteo's growth, and are expected to increase throughout the
Qaudricentennial Celebrations of 1984-1987. Appendix B is com-
posed of excerpts from Economic Analysis, Public Report Four of
a Plan for Manteo's Future Development. Refer to the above
document for more detailed population and economic information.

-54-
bl1C ,.vzwn 1,arolina liepartment of Commerce, Travel and Tourism
Division; and the local business community.

-55-
Since the area economy is primarily based on tourism, the
labor force and employment rate fluctuate dramatically. In winter
months the County has one of the state's highest unemployment
rates. In the summer, however, not only is unemployment the
state's lowest, but large numbers of seasonal residents are also
employed. Figure 2 shows the employment fluctuations since 1974.
Local leaders hope that winter unemployment will continue to de-
crease, as in the past five years, due to the recent completion of
a large seafood industrial park at Wanchese, five miles south of
Manteo.

-56-
The tremendous seasonal tourist trade ($120 million in 1979)
supports a wide variety of hotels, motels, restaurants, retail..
outlets, and tourist attractions both public and private. The
area includes about 50'motels or hotels totaling approximately 2000
rooms, the Town of Manteo has five motels totaling about 200 rooms.
Aside from the ocean, Dare County contains a great number of
added attractions, including Fort Raleigh National Historic Site,
"The Lost Colony" outdoor drama, the Wright Brothers National
Monument, and the Cape Hatteras National Seashore. These attractions
draw nearly 50,000 daily visitors during peak season, and about 2.5'
million visitors in a single season. Figure 3 shows visitation and
location of various key attractions throughout the Outer Banks of
Dare County.
This large visitation produces a thriving retail sales market
which is expanding at nearly 20% annually. Table 3 indicates retail
sales dollar values from 1969 to 1979. This includes restaurant,
hotel, motel and vacation cottage revenues. The 1981 tourist
expenditures are likely to show a more marked increase due to .
legalization of by -the -drink liquor sales by public referendum in
the Fall of 1980.
TABLE 3
Dan County Retail Sates
Fiscal Year
ReLii Sales
% Increase
196"9
S20 783 047
1969.70
$27 490 677
13.0
1970.71
$28,290 561
20.4
1971.72
$32.222,254
13.9
1972-73
$37 881,600
17.6
1973.74
$44,676,070
17.9 '
1974.75
$48,731,661
9.1
1975.76
$58,898,486
20.7
1976-77
$58 376 390
18.1
1977.78
$81 248 887
18.8
1978&79
$97 425 336
19.9
%INCR EASE 1974-75-1978.79 99.9
Source: North Carolina Department of Revenue

-57-
However, while Dare County as a whole has prospered, the
Town of Manteo has suffered. With the decline of aquatic trans-
portation, the downtown waterfront began to lose its purpose'as an
area supply center. Bustling activity, once the waterfront's
trademark, began to disperse. Businesses left downtown in favor
of the highway or the beach.
In addition to loss of activity, Manteo's tax base has suf-
fered. Because the town is located five miles from the ocean,
tourist visitation, second homes, and tourist -related commercial
development are less in Manteo than in the beachfront communities
of Nags Head, Kill Devil Hills, Kitty Hawk, and Southern Shores.
Manteo, once the economic core of Dare County, has slipped to 3%.
.of the County's total tax valuation.
TOTAL TAX VALUATION 1950-1980
pPPE C�=TY��� ..
MAN'
"Go 1970
1990
t
Figure,4. Total tax valuation Dare County, and Manteo

-58-
REVENUE GENERATION
One of the most visible problems in Manteo is a dying down-
town with about ten acres of under-utilized land. Long time ,
residents have a sentimental attachment to the bustling life of
the waterfront. A rejuvenated downtown will provide only a slight
improvement in community services, tax revenues and jobs.
A fundamental community problem is the limitation of the
municipal budget. Tax increase is not a practical way to deal with.
this problem, since the tax rate is already $1.07 per $100.00; A
question for the future, therefore, is how may the quadricentennial
celebration help bolster the Town budget without adding burden to
taxpayers?
MUNICIPAL BUDGET'
,Analysis of the current municipal budget and general fund
revenues provides insight into the reinforcement of that budget.
Table 4.shows a breakdown of the general fund revenues which may
be:affected.by quadricentennial.development. Ad valorem (property)
tax and sales tax are the most vital revenue sources, making up
60% of the general fund. Both these revenues will be modified
by any development that will attract additional tourists. More
tourists in Manteo means more dollars spent in Town.
TABLE 4
Town of Manteo, General Fund Revenues
Fiscal Year 197"0
Revenue4tern
Amount
in Dollars
%of Gen.
Fund
Bear and wine tax
4.479.25
1.9
Loeal option sales tax
44 049.56
19.1
ABC not revenues
3.085.18
1.7
Dockin lees
1239.00
0.5
Ad valorem taxes
96 289.01
41.7
Privilege to
3,149.00
1.4
Other revenues
78 448.79
74.1.
GENERAL FUND TOTAL
230 740.79
100.0

CREDITS
1. The Manteo Board of Commissioners, The Planning and Zoning
Board, The Manteo Town Hall Staff, and the Citizens who
participated in surveys and planning discussions.
2. The School of Design, North Carolina State University,
Claude E. McKinney, Dean.
3. John Crew, Land Use Planning Coordinator, Washington Regional
Office, North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and
Community Development.
4. Debbie Phillips, typist.
5. North Carolina State Department of Commerce, Board of
Education, Economic Development, Cultural Resources, Natural
Resources and Community Development, Transportation, Wildlife
Resources Commission, Land Resources Division, and Depart-
ment of Revenue.
6. Dare County Land and Water Conservation District.
7. Dare County Board of Education.
f

INDEX
Agriculture, small scale . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
21
Annexation
l9
Automobile impact . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . .
13,
1
Beach . . . . . . . . . .
. . ...
. . . . . . . .
42
Bicycles . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
13
Boat ramp . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
11
Business association . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . .
*7,
7
• Business recruiting . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . .
39.
40
Citizen participation . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
15
Cluster development . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . .
14,
44
Coastal wetlands . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . .
23
Community development program
. . . .
. . . . . . . . .
17
Community facilities . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
11
Community self-help projects
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
31
Complex natural areas . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
27
Cultural resource areas . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . .
25
Density of development . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
21
Development patterns . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . .
27
Dog control . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
31
Economy. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
39
Education programs
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
16
Elderly citizen involvement
. . . . .
. . . . . .
*6,
15
Elizabeth II . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . .
11,
35
Energy . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . .
34
Estuarine shorelines . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
2 5
Estuarine water . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . .
22
Existing land use map
. . . . .
. . . . . . . Appendix A
Extraterritorial jurisdiction
. . . .
. . . . .
15,
27
Flood damage prevention . .
. . . . .
. . ... . . . . .
33
Fragile natural areas . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
25
Handicapped . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . .
15
Hazard areas . . . .
. . . .
. . . . . . . 11,
12,
28
Health care facilities . .
. . .
. . . . . . . . .
33
Hurricane evacuation plan .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
33
Industry . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
39
Infill development patterns
. . . . .
. . . . . . . .
18,
43
Information services . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
6
Inndowntown . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
7
Land classification . . . .
. . . . .
. . .
43
Land classification map
Appendix
A
Law officials . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . .
33
Low income . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . .
16,
30
Manteo 400 . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
15
Marina . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . .
11
Marshland . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . .
23,
27
Mineral production . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
28
Minorities . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
16

National Flood -insurance . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. .
.
33
Natural resources . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. .
. 21-28
Neighborhood association . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. .
.
31
Ocean outfall . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. .
.
21
Parking . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. .
.
14
Parks . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. .
.
42
Population . .
19
Preservation commission
12
Prominant high point .
28
Public participation .
4,
14
Public trust areas . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. .
.
24
Publicity . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. .
.
6
Quadricentennial . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. .
.
35
Recreation . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
42
Relic dune system . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. .
.
28
Sales tax allocations . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. .
.
39
School facilities . . . . .
. .
32
Seasonal population . . . .
. . ...
5,
19,
35
Sewer services . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
.
20
Sidewalks . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. .
.
30
Signage . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. .
.
6
Soils . . .
State licenses and permits .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
20
46
Streets . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
13,
14,
30
Street trees . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. .
.
30
Tax base . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . Appendix
B,
339
Teenagers . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . �
'
14,
41
Tourism . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 5 : 6,
15,
17,
18
Urban growth patterns . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
14,
21,
27
Urban services . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
14,
39:
45
Vocational training . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. .
.
32
Wanchese harbor . . .
. . . .
39
Water services . . .
. . . .
20
Waterfront development . . .
. . . . . . . . . 11,
35,
36,
42
Wildlife habitats . . . . .
. . . . . .
. .
.
27
Youth Center . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. .
.
41
Zoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 12, 13, 17, 21
4
c