Land Use Plan Update 1999-1999

Town of Leland
Land Use Plan Update
1999
Cape Fear Council of Governments
1480 Harbour Drive
Wilmington, NC 28401
910-3954553
910-395-2684 fax

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102 Town Hall Drive
Leland, NC 28451
[phone]/[phone] (fax)
Town Council
Franky Thomas, Mayor
Donald T. Sellers
Jane Gilbert
Sadie Richburg
Lucille D. Blake
Plannine Board
Ronnie F. Groves, Chairman
Brenda Bozeman, Vice Chairman
John Crowder
Gary Gressel
William E. Murrill
Town Manager
David Hewett
Town At(ornev
John Wessell
Town Clerk
Carol Ann Floyd
Technical Assistance Provided By
Cape Fear Council of Governments
1480 Harbour Drive
Wilmington, North Carolina 28401
[phone]/395-2684 fax

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INTRODUCTION..............................................2
LELAND'S GOALS & OBJECTIVES ................................ A
Section 1: ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS .......................... 5
(1)
ADMINISTRATION/FORM OF GOVERNMENT .................
5
(2)
ESTABLISHMENT OF INFORMATION BASE ...................
8
(3)
A BRIEF HISTORY OF LELAND, BRUNSWICK COUNTY ........
10
(4)
POPULATION..............................................13
(5)
ECONOMY................................................16
(6)
SEASONAL POPULATION ...................................
21
(7)
EXISTING WATER & LAND USE .............................
22
(a) Water...............................................22
(b) Land................................................26
(8)
CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES AND REGULATIONS .............
30
(9)
AREAS OF SIGNIFICANT LAND USE CHANGE .................35
(10)
GREENWAYS & STREAM BUFFERS ..........................
37
Section 2: CONSTRAINTS TO DEVELOPMENT..............:................39
(1) LAND SUITABILITY........................................39
(a) Fragile Areas.........................................39
Freshwater Wetlands
Significant Natural Areas & Endangered Species
Flood Hazard Areas
Saltwater Wetlands or Coastal Wetlands
(b) Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC's) ...................42
Estuarine System
Ocean Hazard Areas
Public Water Supplies
Natural & Cultural Resource Areas
(c) Soils................................................46
(2) CARRYING CAPACITY......................................49
(3) CULTURAL RESOURCES....................................51
Section 3: ESTIMATED DEMAND ........................................... Sl
(1) WATER...................................................52
(2) SEWER....................................................52
(3) ROADS, SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS, RECREATION AREAS
& PERSONNEL.............................................53
(4) SOLID WASTE.............................................57
(5) POPULATION & ECONOMY ................................. 58
(6) LOCAL OBJECTIVES CONCERNING GROWTH .................59
Section 4: POLICIES FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ....................60
(1) RESOURCE PROTECTION— Special Issues ............... . ......60
(a) Site Planning for Water Quality ..........................61

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I(b) The Advantages of Cluster Development ................... 64
(2) RESOURCE PROTECTION — Policy Statements...................66
(a)
Basic Statement on Resources Protection ...................66
(b)
Constraints to Development..............................67
(c)
Appropriate Land Uses in AEC's .........................
68
(d)
Water Quality Problems and Management Measures
Designed to Reduce Surface Water Quality Problem ....
70
(e)
Protection of Wetlands .................................
70
(f)
Flood Hazard Areas....................................71
(g)
Outstanding Resource Waters ............................71
(h)
Local Resource Development Issues. ,
71
(i)
Hazardous or Fragile Land Areas... ..72
:.:
6)
Means of Protection for Potable Water Supply ...............
74
(k) Use of Package Treatment Plants and Requirements ........... 74
(1) Stormwater Runoff Associated with Agriculture, Residential
Development, Mining, and Surface Waters ............75
(m) Industrial Impacts on Fragile Areas ....... . .. ..... . 76
(n) Marina and Floating Home Development.. . 77
(o) Local Community Development Issues ..................... 78
(p) Restriction of Development in Areas Which Might Be
Susceptible to Sea Level Rise......................78
(q) Upland Excavation for Marinas .......................... 78
(r) The Damaging of Marsh with Bulkhead Installation .......... 79
(3) RESOURCE PRODUCTION & MANAGEMENT— Policy Statements 79
(a) Productive Agricultural Lands ................79
(b) Commercial Forest Lands ............................... 80
(c) Commercial and Recreational Fisheries .................... 80
(d) Existing and Potential Mineral Production Areas .............81
(e) Off -Road Vehicles . .............81
(f) Residential, Commercial, & Industrial
Land Development Impacts on Any Resource .........81
(g) Peat -Phosphate -Limestone Mining Impacts on Any Resource ...82
(4) ECONOMIC & COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT— Policy Statements. 83
(a) Types of Development Desired ...........................83
(b) Type and Location of Industry Desired .....................84
(c) Local Commitment to Providing Services to Development ..... 85
(d) Types of Urban Growth Patterns Desired ................... 87
(e) Redevelopment of Developed Areas .......................88
(f)
Commitment to State & Federal Programs ..................89
(g)
Energy Facility Siting & Development .....................89
(h)
Assistance to Channel Maintenance .......................
90
(i)
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Tourism..........................90
Public Beach and Waterfront Access ......................
91
(k)
Recreational Services..................................91
(1)
Types, Densities, Location of Development and Services ......
92

Section 5: PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .................................. 93
(a) Description of the Means to be Used for Public
Education on Planning Issues ..................... 93
(b) Description of the Means to be used for Public
Participation in Planning ......................... 93
(c) Description of the Means to be used for Obtaining
Citizen Input in Developing LUP Policy ............ 94
Section 6: OTHER LOCAL POLICY ISSUES ............................94
(a) Roads...............................................94
(b) Annexation .......................................... 95
(c) Services Provision.....................................95
(d) Ordinance Amendments.................................96
(e) Other ....................................... ...96
Section 7: STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST DISASTER RECOVERY
& EVACUATION PLANS — Policy Statements .................
97
(a)
Description of the Effect of Storms to Which the Community
Maybe Subjected...............................98
(b)
A Hazard's Map.......................................99
(c)
Policies Which Will Mitigate the Effects
of High Wind & Flooding ........................
99
(d)
Policies to Discourage Development in Those Areas
Deemed Most Hazardous .........................101
(e)
Policies Dealing with the Public Acquisition of Land
in Those Most Hazardous Areas ....................101
(f)
Policies Dealing with Evacuation ..........................101
(g)
The County Emergency Management Plan..................101
(h)
Policies Directing Construction Over an Extended
Period of Time .................................102
(i)
Schedule for Staging & Permitting Repairs .................
103
G)
Policies on the Replacement of Public Infrastructure .........
104
Section 8: LAND CLASSIFICATION..........................................105
(a) Developed...........................................105
(b) Urban Transition......................................106
(c) Conservation.........................................107
Section 9: RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES & LAND CLASSIFICATION .......... 107
Section 10: INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION & IMPLEMENTATION,109
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE I -- MUNICIPAL & BRUNSWICK COUNTY POPULATION 13
TABLE 2F -- PERCENT OF COUNTY POPULATION LIVING IN A
MUNICIPALITY— REGION O 14
TABLE 3 -- NUMBER OF PERSONS BY MUNICIPALITY—
BRUNSWICK COUNTY (1996) 14

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TABLE 4 --
BRUNSWICK COUNTY & STATE POPULATION
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ABLE 5--
BRUNSWICK COUNTY & STATE POPULATION DENSITY
15
TABLE 6
TYPE OF INDUSTRY
18
TABLE 7 --
CLASS OF WORKER
19
TABLE 8 --
NUMBER OF PRIVILEGE LICENSES ISSUED IN LELAND BY YEAR
20
TABLE -
REVENUE ANTICIPATED, 1997-98
20
TABLE 10 --
EXPENDITURES BY DEPARTMENT, 1997-98
21
TABLE I --
TOWN OF LELAND HOUSING AGE, 1990
27
TABLE 12
LIST OF PERMITS ISSUED BY THE TOWN OF LELAND, 1993-98
27
TABLE 13
LIST OF PERMITS ISSUED, TOWN OF LELAND, BY TYPE, 1993-98
28
APPENDIX
ATTACHMENT
A —
LELAND LOCATION MAP
ATTACHMENT
—
BRUNSWICK COUNTY TOWNSHIPS
ATTACHMENT
C —
CORRESPONDENCE FROM NC DIVISION OF PARKS &
RECREATION ON NATURAL FEATURES OF LELAND
ATTACHMENT
D —
CORRESPONDENCE FROM NC DIVISION OF ARCHIVES &
HISTORY ON HISTORIC FEATURES/RESOURCES
ATTACHMENT
E —
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN
ATTACHMENT
F —
VISION BRAINSTORMING (NOVEMBER 25, 1997)
ATTACHMENT
G —
ISSUES BRAINSTORMING (DECEMBER 16, 1997)
ATTACHMENT
H —
LELAND'S CHARTER & CHARTER AMENDMENTS (1989-1996)
ATTACHMENT
I —
NC DCM MINOR PERMITS PROCESS
ATTACHMENT
J —
NC DCM MAJOR PERMITS PROCESS
ATTACHMENT
K -----
ANALYSIS OF LAND USE PLAN EFFECTIVENESS
ATTACHMENT
L
LAND USE PLAN POLICY STATEMENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
MAPS
EXISTING LAND USE
1999 LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP
STORM SURGE INNUNDATION AREAS
BRUNSWICK COUNTY TOWNSHIPS
TRANSPORTATION MAP
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Appendix ATTACHMENT B
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m INTRODUCTION m
The coastal areas of North Carolina offer residents and visitors a tremendous opportunity to
enjoy a wide variety of recreational pursuits. The abundant fish and shellfish resources of North
Carolina are apparent not only from the table at your favorite local seafood restaurant, but also
from the fighting chair of the deep sea fishing boats which ply the Gulf Stream waters in search
of large sport fish. Beautiful sandy beaches with clear blue water beckon both residents and
visitors alike. The beaches and waters of North Carolina are a tremendous resource and they
may be found alongside a shoreline which is rich in history. The Town of Leland shares in the
history and in the rich heritage of the North Carolina coast.
In recognition of both the value and the fragile nature of our coastal area's natural and cultural
resources, the United States Congress passed, in 1972, the Coastal Zone Management Act. The
State of North Carolina, which at the very early stages of the national coastal program
established itself as a leader amongst all coastal States (a position which it has continued to
hold), enacted in 1974 the Coastal Area Management Act, which has come to be known in North
Carolina by its acronym "CAMA." The CAMA did several things. It defined North Carolina's
coastal area Twenty coastal counties were defined as that land area over which the developing
coastal program would hold some jurisdiction. The Act created the Coastal Resources
Commission (CRC), which is a 15 member body, appointed by the Governor, who create policy
and who pass rules governing development activity in the coastal area. The Act also created the
Coastal Resources Advisory Council (CRAC), which is a 45 member body which advises the
CRC and which works as a liaison between the Commission and local governments in the coastal
area. As staff for the CRC the Office of Coastal Management (now a Division) was created to
carry out the policies of the program. The basic purpose of the Coastal Area Management Act is
..... "to insure the orderly balance of use and preservation of our resources on behalf of the
people of North Carolina and the nation." (This is taking quite a bit of liberty, describing what
is one of the most controversial pieces of legislation in North Carolina in this century, in one
line. However, this does convey the basic idea. Preservation, protection, enhancement, and
balance ...... through planning and the development of rules designed through a planning process
..... this is what the CAMA is about.)
It is widely recognized that the most important aspect of the early development of the coastal
program was the planning requirement contained in the CAMA. The Coastal Area Management
Act required each coastal County to have a Land Use Plan, and furthermore, these plans were
required to be updated every five years. The work we are doing here, updating the Town of
Leland Land Use Plan, is a direct result of that requirement in the enabling legislation. As
coastal counties began to plan, coastal Towns and Cities began to recognize the benefit of
planning for themselves. The local empowerment embodied in the Act's planning requirement
showed a clear stroke of brilliance on the part of those who crafted the legislation. This was
evidenced by a slow and thoughtful change of perception by Cities and Towns as the
municipalities began to request their own opportunity to plan for the long-range future. The
booming growth of the coastal area coupled with the planning requirement contained in the
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statute, and the emotional, financial, and communal anxiety accompanying the "requirement" to
plan, brought most local governments an understanding, sometimes a reluctant understanding, of
the necessity of planning for the preservation of natural resources and a way of life.
The Town of Leland was incorporated by the North Carolina General Assembly on July 1, 1989.
The Town of Leland may be characterized as a progressive small Town with a group of
thoughtful and farsighted leaders. Both the elected and appointed Boards act cautiously on those
significant matters which will effect the future of the community. The Town very early realized
the benefits of land use planning. This is evidenced in the fact that in 1993 the Town of Leland
created its first Land Use Plan'. This is the first update of that original Plan. For Leland, the
Land Use Plan has been, and will continue to be, a valuable source of community information .
and a guide for local leaders on policy on those issues concerning the future growth and
development of the Town.
The term "Land Use Plan" is often used interchangeably with other terms. The "Land Use Plan"
may also be referred to as the "comprehensive plan" or the "general plan" or the "master plan."
However, the essential characteristics of this plan, which we will refer to as the Land Use Plan
or Land Use Plan Update (LUPUP), is that the plan encompasses all geographic parts of the
community and all functional and environmental elements which bear on land use development.
The plan is general in the sense that it will summarize policies and proposals and will not
indicate (in great detail) specific locations or detailed regulations. The plan will be long-range
in the sense that it will look beyond the foreground of current pressing and everyday
development pressures and will look to the perspective of problems and possibilities for 10 years
in the future.
For planning purposes the preparation, adoption, and use of the Land Use Plan is considered to
be the primary objective of a planning program. Most other plans and planning actions by a
local government are designed, at least theoretically, to be based upon the Land Use Plan.
With the production of this Land Use Plan Update we will we look beyond day -today concerns
and take a thoughtful look at the Town's desired growth patterns for future land use development
activity. We will look at the data available on the economy, population, existing land use, and
natural resources. We will prepare a map which will describe the existing uses of land and we
will also prepare a map which will describe future desired growth patterns. With this
information in hand, development proposals can be examined in the light of existing services.
Requested uses of land may be viewed along side the vision of desired future growth, and the
interrelationships of the proposed development activity may be compared with existing
development. Services can also be analyzed with thought given toward the appropriateness of
' The Town of Leland's fast Land Use Plan was adopted June 24, 1993, by the Town
Council. The Town's first Land Use Plan was certified by the Coastal Resources Commission
on July 23, 1993.
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project design.
Local government has a great deal of influence on how a community develops. The buildings,
facilities, and improvements provided by local government affect the daily lives of most citizens.
These same features give a form and a life to the community and can be a stimulus or an
impediment to the development of privately owned land in the area. The local government is
inescapably involved in questions on the physical development of land within the area of its
jurisdiction. At nearly every meeting the Town Council and the Planning Board will make
decisions concerning zoning, streets, sites for public buildings, or the allocation of funds for
public projects of one type or another. And for making these kinds of decisions the lay Boards
of local government need technical guidance. If the quickest and most expedient decision is
taken, without forethought, the local goverment leaders may find that they will make a decision
one month only to negate the premise of that decision next month because they are faced with
another decision and another quickie answer. If these type of decisions are made over an
extended period of time the local government may end up on a path that is not consistent with
the desired future of the Town. This type of circumstance may be avoided by planning. Leaders
are advised through this process to take a pro -active rather than a reactionary approach to
community development.
To do this the local government needs an instrument, a plan, which will establish long-range
general policies for the physical development of the community. With a plan decisions can be
made in a coordinated and unified manner. The Land Use Plan Update will provide the Town
with this sort of an instrument. It can be continually referred to as an important source for
decisions on those development issues which arise on a regular basis. Zoning classification
amendment requests, subdivision approval, the location of roads or highways, extension of
public services ..... all of these decisions are made in a manner which best serves the public
interest if some systematic planned approach to the decision process is made. The Land Use
Plan Update reflects current policy on future growth. The importance of this policy document,
as a tool for guiding future growth and development, should not be underestimated.
m LELAND'S GOALS & OBJECTIVES w
It is the goal of the residents, property and business owners of Leland that this community will
continue to grow and to flourish into the future. The Town of Leland realizes that the quality of
our natural environment is extremely important as apart of our quality of life and is an
important factor in our potential for continuing economic growth.
It is Leland's desire to operate in a region of unified government with all existing independent
units of local government working together for the betterment of the area Leland envisions a
future where informed citizens (residents, property and business owners) will work together with
responsive local government leaders to manage growth, through continuing planning efforts and
adherence to plans produced, and a future which will provide a high quality of life for area
residents through the empowerment of people and the sharing of ideas on public policy
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(particularly policy on infrastructure improvements) through a well thought out citizen
participation process.
As apart of Leland's view of the future we see the potential for the following improvements:
sidewalks, bike paths, local government plans working in concert with other area plans (regional
and local) for community improvement, transportation improvements (including new
interchanges on major roadways), a regularly updated evacuation plan, enhanced communication
services for emergency personnel, additional police officers, increased administrative staff in -
Town with a corresponding increase in services for citizens, recreation facilities for citizens of
all ages, a multi -purpose community building, solid waste pick-up and recycling services,
affordable housing opportunity for low income citizens, continuing commercial and
officelinstitutional growth, and preservation of a high quality natural environment.
The Town of Leland has made tremendous strides in its fast 10 years (1989-1999). The Town
realizes the future of the community is evolving and that there is a long time to manage
necessary improvements. We believe that by working together day-by-day with an eye toward a
shared common goal of the future all things are possible.
To all readers of this document ...... spread the word ...... Leland is on a positive track and
additional improvements are occurring daily.
Section 1: ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
The first basic element of a Land Use Plan is the presentation and analysis of pertinent local
data. The purpose of this information is to establish the information base necessary to make
local policy choices about future land use and development in the community.
(1) ADMINISTRATION/FORM OF GOVERNMENT
The Town of Leland was incorporated by the North Carolina General Assembly in 1989 and
vested with all the powers, rights, privileges and immunities enumerated in chapter 62 of volume
2 of the Code of North Carolina, entitled "Cities and Towns," and subject to the restrictions and
liabilities specified in the same not inconsistent with this act (Pr. L. 1899, c. 339, Sec. 1). The
officers of the Town consist of the Mayor and a four member Town Council, The Councilmen
have the right to pass rules and regulations governing the administration, growth, and orderly
development of the Town. The governing body is empowered to impose, levy and collect taxes
according to the laws governing such action which laws are imposed by the State of North
Carolina.
There are three forms of municipal government in North Carolina (Council -Manager, Mayor -
Council, and Mayor -Council with Administrator). The Town of Leland was incorporated (1989)
with the Mayor -Council form of government. In 1996 the Town began operating under the
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Council -Manager form of governmene. This is a widely used form of government in North
Carolina. The Council -Manager form of administration is widely used in municipalities in cities
with a population of 5,000 or more persons. The vast majority of North Carolinians who live in
a municipality live in a city or Town that is administered by a manager. The popularity of the
Council -Manager form of government in North Carolina may be as a result of citizen's concepts
of business efficiency and neutral expertise. The job of municipal management is complex.
More now than ever before people want services (improved police protection, recreation, streets,
parking, and transportation systems). Neighborhood and special interest groups are better
organized and also understand how to promote simultaneous demands for more and better
services and lower taxes. Federal grant programs with strings attached require
intergovernmental consultation and demand more time than even the most civic minded citizen
Mayor can give while he earns a living in his primary occupation. Council -Manager cities tend
to anticipate problems, to plan ahead, and to be better able to react to emergencies or to prevent
them.
The manager is appointed by a majority vote of the Council in official session'. The manager
serves at the pleasure of the Council.
The duties of the manager are as follows:
The manager shall be the chief administrator for the Town. He shall be responsible to the
Council for administering all municipal affairs placed in his charge by them, and shall have the
following powers and duties:
U-He shall appoint and suspend or remove all city officers and employees not elected by
the people, and whose appointment or removal is not otherwise provided for by law,
except the city attorney, in accordance with such general personnel rules, regulations,
policies, or ordinances as the Council may adopt.
(]—He shall direct and supervise the administration of all departments, offices, and
agencies of the city, subject to the general direction and control of the Council, except as
2 The ordinance amending the charter of the Town of Leland was adopted August 15,
1996. As follows: "Pursuant to N.C.G.S. 160A-101 and 160A-102, the Charter of the Town of
Leland, North Carolina, as set forth in Chapter 564 of the 1989 Session Laws of North Carolina,
as amended, is hereby further amended to provide that the Town shall operate under the council-
manager form of government in accordance with Part 2 of Article 7 of N.C.G.S. Chapter 160A
and any charter provisions not in conflict therewith."
3 N.C.G.S. 160A-147
N.C.G.S. 160A-148

otherwise provided by law.
— Q—He shall attend all meetings of the Council and recommend any measures that he
deems expedient.
' — O—He shall see that all laws of the State, the city charter, and the ordinances, resolutions,
and regulations of the Council are faithfully executed within the city.
— O--He shall prepare and submit the annual budget and capital program to the Council.
O—He shall annually submit to the Council and make available to the public a complete
report on the finances and administrative activities of the city as of the end of the fiscal
year.
U—He shall make any other reports that the Council may require concerning the
operations of city departments, offices, and agencies subject to his direction and control.
C)--He shall perform any other duties that may be required or authorized by Council.
The Leland Council expects the manager to provide staff work for each item on the Council
agenda. Often a recommendation is requested on each item. The Council will frequently
become involved in issues and the manager is expected to keep the Council well informed on
administrative problems. Information may be requested on short notice.
Mayors and Council members see the manager as a facilitator and as a source of support. As
Council becomes involved in Council activities and work for the benefit of their constituencies,
friction amongst the Council may increase. The manager displays patience. Council expects the
manager to share his reasons openly. Most managers will work more closely with the Mayor
than with any member of Council. The manager must avoid having, or appearing to have,
favorites on the Council.
In Leland municipal government has worked well with the Council -Manager form of
government. The Mayor, the Council, and the manager support each other with elected officials
tassuming political leadership and the manager assuming professional administrative leadership.
In Leland the Town Council consists of four elected members and the Mayor all of whom are
elected by the people. As with most municipalities the governing Board is elected on a
nonpartisan basis and at large by all of the Town's qualified voters. Terms of office are
staggered to ensure a degree of continuity in municipal affairs and a certain amount of
experience on the Board. The Town Charter gives the Mayor the authority to vote although if
the Mayor participates in a vote which results in a tie the Mayor may not vote a second time to
break the tie.
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The North Carolina General Statutes require the following officers to be appointed by a
municipal government.
CLERK— The clerk is responsible forgiving the proper notices of regular and special
meetings of the governing board, keeping an accurate record of the board's proceedings and
being the custodian of all Town records.
BUDGET OFFICER — The budget officer receives budget requests and ensures municipal
compliance with budget preparation and administrative requirements required by the General
Statutes.
FINANCE OFFICER — The finance officer keeps the accounts and disburses Town funds
consistent with the General Statutes. These duties may also be conferred upon the budget
officer.
ATTORNEY — The attorney serves as the legal advisor to the Town Council. He serves at
the pleasure of the Council.
TAX COLLECTOR — The tax collector has the responsibility for collecting property,
privilege license, and all other tax due a municipality and to fulfill the obligations imposed by
the General Statutes on tax collection. Any officer or employee can be appointed tax collector
except a member of the governing body. The finance officer may be appointed to that office
only with the consent of the Local Government Commission.
(2) ESTABLISHMENT OF INFORMATION BASE
This document is prepared according to the guidelines and requirements of the North Carolina
Coastal Resources Commission and the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA). The specific
requirements for the document are within the North Carolina Administrative Code at Subchapter
713 of Chapter 15A. The version of 15A NCAC 713 pertinent to the preparation of this document
is dated March 5, 1996.
This Land Use Plan Update will serve to guide the community on development decisions. It is
recognized that land development takes place as a result of a series of decisions by private
individuals and government. Those decisions, if they are not considered rationally prior to a
local government being confronted with a development request, may not be in the overall
interest of the community. So as to promote community interest for the present and future
generations, a Land Use Plan is developed and kept current by local governments.
The process of Land Use Plan development includes the collection of data at the beginning of
the process to give local government leaders the opportunity to understand current or existing
conditions. It is recognized that from a cognitive standpoint there are probably no others in the
community who understand current issues better than the elected officials and appointed boards

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of local government. However, these individuals often find, when having placed before them a
comprehensive view of the community elicited through the Land Use Planning process, new
insights to development issues. The compilation and analysis of data is a part of the process
herein rendered.
The Town will, through the process of developing this Land Use Plan Update, adopt policies to
guide and direct community growth. It is incumbent upon all community leaders to recognize
that many decisions affecting development are made by other levels of government. Local
policies and local regulations need to take this into account. By carefully addressing the Land
Use Planning Guidelines requirements, the Town gives guidance to individuals and other levels
of government who will strive to follow local policies dealing with locally important or
controversial issues. State and federal agencies will be advised to use the contents of this Plan in
making consistency, funding, and permit decisions. Policies on the type of development desired,
density of development projects, protection of resources, and other areas are examples of this
type of local policy decision.
The Town of Leland Land Use Plan Update provides the following basic elements:
✓ Introduction;
✓ Statement of Leland's Goals & Objectives;
✓ Analysis of Existing Conditions;
be Constraints to Development;
✓ Estimated Demand;
✓ Policies for Growth and Development;
✓ Continuing Public Participation;
✓ Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery, & Evacuation Plans;
✓ Land Classification;
✓ Relationship of Policies and Land Classification;
✓ Intergovernmental Coordination and Implementation; and
✓ Executive Summary
The Town of Leland, in concert with the Coastal Resources Commission, require a broad range
of topics to be addressed in each Land Use Plan. The following policy issue areas are addressed:
✓ Resource Protection
✓ Resources Production and Management
✓ Economic and Community Development
To gather the information required as a part of the Land Use Plan development process requires
assistance from a large number of State, federal, and local agency personnel and documents.
Shown following is a summary of some of the major sources and documents utilized during the
preparation of this Plan.
✓ NC Division of Coastal Management
✓ NC Division of Water Quality
✓ NC Division of Air Quality

✓ NC Division of Groundwater
✓ NC Division of Community Assistance
✓ US Army Corps of Engineers
✓ Town of Leland Land Use Plan Update (1993)
✓ Brunswick County Planning Department
✓ Federal Emergency Management Agency
✓ NC Division of Archives and History
✓ US Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service
✓ Brunswick County Land Use Plan Update
✓ NC Department of Transportation
✓ NC Division of Parks and Recreation
✓ Town of Leland Staff
✓ Brunswick County Schools
✓ Brunswick County Thoroughfare Plan
✓ NC Office of State Planning
The Town of Leland recognizes that land use planning is a continuous process. Changes in
development activity are regular and sometimes rapid. The Town of Leland has dealt with
development proposals well. As a result of having recently worked on some rather large and
complicated development proposals, the Town realizes the need for planning and the importance
of having a vision for the future.
(3) A BRIEF HISTORYs OF LELAND, BRUNSWICK COUNTY
Brunswick County consists of 550,713' acres (or 860.49 square miles). This is a County in the
throes of long term change. Some of the changes seem to have happened overnight. Whatever
your perception, we realize that over the last 20 years' development has changed the character of
this County. The sleepy small County in the southeast has become a bustling center of business,
a home to many new residents, and a thriving tourist destination center.
' Information on history inserted in the Land Use Plan is from a text entitled The History,
of Brunswick County North Carolina. by Lawrence Lee. The book was copyrighted in 1980, by
Brunswick County, and was printed by Heritage Press, Charlotte, NC. Also used as source
information was a paper, entitled "The History of Leland, North Carolina—1991," by Lucille
Dresser Blake. Additional information was gathered from a document entitled Soil Sum of
Brunswick County. North Carolina U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service,
1986.
s NC Office of State Planning.
' Population has increased from 35,777 in 1980 to 62,856 today (1996).
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The changes continue. Former woodlands and farms are becoming residential lots and centers
for commerce. Many of the changes brought to Brunswick County in recent years due to
development have been in the east. The beaches in the southern area of the County, and the
regional trade center of southern Brunswick County, Shallotte, have seen much growth. Leland
and the area around Leland, in the northern part of the County and close to the major population
center of Wilmington, now appears to be in a position where this continuing growth will be able
to be enjoyed to its full advantage.
To understand where we are now, it is often instructive to take a look back. A few things we
realize ........ Brunswick County originated as a separate political subdivision on March 9, 1764,
when Arthur Dobbs, the royal governor of North Carolina, appeared before the General
Assembly of the province and gave approval to "An Act for erecting part of St. Phillip's Parish,
in New Hanover County, and the lower part of Bladen County, into a separate County, by the
name of Brunswick County ......." This Act created Brunswick County.
As with all other areas of North Carolina, Brunswick County is hot and humid during the
summer'. The eastern portion of the County is frequently cooled during the warm weather
months by sea and river breezes. Winters are cool, comparatively, with brief cold spells'.
Annual precipitation in Brunswick County is not excessive and it is adequate for all crops.
Brunswick County is in the lower coastal plain region of North Carolina and County elevation
ranges from sea level to a height of 75 feet. The Cape Fear River and Atlantic Ocean form the
easternmost boundaries of Brunswick County. (New Hanover County contains a small portion
of Eagle Island on the west bank of the Cape Fear River.) To the west Brunswick County
includes an area known as the Green Swamp. The Green Swamp is an area of approximately
175,000 acres. The eastern side of this swamp is drained by the Cape Fear River and the west by
the Waccamaw River.
In the mid 1890's at the crossroads where the Village Road crossed the Wilmington, Columbia
and Augusta Railroad (on the way towards Summerville and Phoenix) there existed a settlement.
The name of this settlement became formalized when, in late 1897, Mr. Joseph W. Gay and
other area citizens petitioned the U.S. Post Office Department in Washington, D.C., for a local
Post Office. A list of three names was submitted at this time — so that the Post Office
Department might have a name from which to choose. The name of Leland was chosen from the
list of three submitted. (Leland was the name of Mr. Gay's nephew — Leland Adams.) The
' The average summer temperature is 78 degrees F. The average daily maximum
temperature is 86 degrees.
' The winter average temperature is 47 degrees F, and the average daily minimum
temperature is 37 degrees.
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new Post Office opened on February 10, 1898, with Mr. Joseph W. Gay as Postmaster10. The
Post Office was located in a corner of Gay's General Store.
The Leland area was initially settled at the same time the earliest plantations along the Cape Fear
and Brunswick River;" came into existence. Early Leland activity revolved around the Post
Office, the school, 2 grocery stores, the railroad station, Leland Baptist Church and Leland
Methodist Church (the people of Brunswick County have always been religious), and numerous
homes. For many years Leland was one of numerous small unincorporated communities
throughout Brunswick County which served as minor centers of trade throughout the early 201
century.
Due to its location adjacent the Brunswick River Leland also served as an early transportation
center. By modem standards the early roads in the area were primitive. There were ferries in
place across the Brunswick River and across the Cape Fear River to travelers going north and
south. The Brunswick River actually received a bridge before the Cape Fear River (in 1890).
The Brunswick River causeway, across Eagle Island, was always known as a problem area
because of the wetness of the soil and swamps between the two Rivers. By 1923 the road from
the Brunswick River through Leland had been hard surfaced and was known as State Road #20.
Two churches (Woodburn Presbyterian and Woodburn Baptist), which were named after the
Woodburn family (who operated Woodburn Plantation — which was a later subdivision of the
Belvidere Plantation (home of William Dry and Governor Benjamin Smith)) and the Belvidere
Subdivision form the nucleus of what is now the incorporated Town of Leland.
The Town of Leland is located in the northern area of Brunswick County. It was incorporated in
1989. The natural boundaries of the Town include the Brunswick River to the east and Sturgeon
Creek to the north.
10 Since this time there have been (through 1991) 11 Postmasters/Postmistresses in ,
Leland.
" Early deeds referred to the Brunswick River as the "Thoroughfare." The Brunswick
River was also known as Hilton's River. This from William Hilton who, on August 14, 1662,
left Massachusetts Bay Colony, aboard his ship — Adventure — to investigate the suitability of ,
"Cape Feare and more southern parts of Florida" for their suitability as places of settlement and
commerce. Interestingly, as a part of his record Mr. Hilton noted that small vessels could easily
proceed up the "Thoroughfare" but the trunks of fallen trees and other debris limited navigation
for larger vessels.
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1 (4) POPULATION
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The most recent official State population figures for the Town of Leland show the 1996 (July)
population as 2,155 persons. This number represents an increase of 19.7% in the years since
199012. If we increase by the same percentage for 1997 and 1998, the 1998 (July) population for
Leland is 2,298". Brunswick County population, according to those same official figures, has
also grown dramatically since 1990. The total County population, estimated as of 1996 (July), is
62, 856. See the Table #1 below.
Table #1 MUNICIPAL & BRUNSWICK COUNTY POPULATION
Leland
Brunswick County
A12611980 Aprtl 1990 My 1996 % Change o9vo-96i
1,545 1,801 2,155 19.7%
35,777 50,985 62,856 23.3%
With the approval of a new 1,513 unit subdivision14 and continuing growth throughout Town,
the population of Leland is expected to increase rapidly within the next five to ten years.
(Anticipated impacts of this growth are discussed in the Land Use Plan section on Estimated
Demand.)
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12 1990 was the last U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, count.
" Estimate based on information supplied by NC Office of State Planning. Estimate
prepared by Cape Fear Council of Governments.
14 The new subdivision is Magnolia Greens. This Planned Unit Development (PUD)
which was annexed by the Town of Leland on June 30, 1997, nearly doubled the size, in land
area, of the Town of Leland. The PUD was approved by the Planning Board August, 1997.
Town Council approval followed in September, 1997.
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In Brunswick County, despite a rather large number of municipalities15, the percent of the ,
population living in active municipalities as of July, 1996, is 34.5% or 21,738 persons. Of the
Counties in Region O, only New Hanover County exceeds this percentage. If we break this
down by County for Region O, we get the following:
Table #2 PERCENT OF COUNTY POPULATION
LIVING IN A MUNICIPALITY — REGION O
% Brunswick 34.5% or 21,738 of 62,856
% Columbus 262% or 13,631 of 51,852
® New Hanover 49.9% or 71,561 of 143,430
% Pender 15.7% or 5,640 of 35,978
Sonnet: NC Office of State Planning
Brunswick County is experiencing a trend of rapid population growth (at least since 198016).
This large County is rapidly becoming increasingly populated. Centers of this population
growth are in the east, southeast, and north. The growth is occurring around established
population centers such as Leland and the area beach communities. It should be pointed out that
this is not a trend which is isolated to Brunswick County. The population in all other Counties
in southeastern North Carolina (Region O) is also growing. Not all of the Counties in Region O
are growing as fast (by percentage), however, as Brunswick County.
The number of persons by (municipality) in Brunswick County is shown in Table #3•
Table 3 NUMBER OF PERSONS BY MUNICIPALITY
BRUNSWICK COUNTY (1996)
Bald Head Island
92
Navassa
519
Belville
102
Northwest
752
Boiling Spring Lakes
2,124
Ocean Isle Beach 691
Bolivia
265
Sandy Creek
290
Calabash
1,561
Shallotte
1,234
Caswell Beach
220
Southport
2,562
Holden Beach
818
Sunset Beach
1,908
Leland
2,155
Vamamtown
481
Long Beach
5,072
Yaupon Beach
892
Brunswick County Total
62,856"
Source: NC Office of State Planning
" Brunswick County has 18 municipalities. No other County in the State of North
Carolina has this many municipalities.
16 Population growth in Brunswick County since 1980 has exceeded 75%. ,
" This total includes all County residents.
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The Town of Leland is currently the third largest municipality in Brunswick County and the
ninth largest, of 40 municipalities in Region O. It is believed that with the approval of new
subdivisions within the Town of Leland and with anticipated continuing residential and business
expansion, population growth in Leland will accelerate through the remainder of the planning
period. As shown in Table #4 (below), the historic trend on County and State population growth
is interesting.
Table 4 BRUNSWICK COUNTY & STATE POPULATION
Apnl 1980 ARdl 1990 July 1996 % Change f1990-96i
Brunswick County 35,777 50,985 62,856 23.3%
North Carolina 5,880,095 6,632,448 7,323,085 10.4%
Source: NC Office of State Planning
As you see, the Brunswick County population growth rate (23.3% for 1990-96) exceeds the
aggregate growth rate for the entire State (10.4%) for the same period by a wide margin.
Natural growth, successful marketing strategies employed by development organizations and, of
course, the attractiveness of the area have focused attention on Leland and the rest of Brunswick
County. The growth in municipal and County population is expected to continue.
As the population increases in Brunswick County the amount of land available for future
development decreases. (The number of persons per square mile increases with each increase in
the population.) Brunswick County is one of the largest Counties in North Carolina at 860.49
square miles. The majority of the population is in the eastern portion of the County. The
density for the entire County (1996 estimate) is 73.1 persons per square mile. In North Carolina
we have 48,843 square miles. The density for the entire State (1996 estimated) is 149.9 persons
per square mile. The number of persons per square mile in Brunswick County (73.1) is less than
the aggregate number of persons per square mile for the rest of North Carolina (149.9). In
Brunswick County, there is room to continue to grow. This is shown in Table #5.
Table #5 BRUNSWICK COUNTY & STATE POPULATION DENSITY
Brunswick County
North Carolina
Land Area (Sg. Mi.) 1980 1990 1996 % Change (1990•96)
860.49 41.6 59.3 73.1 23.2%
48,843 120.4 135.8 149.9 8.46%
As will be shown later, there is space for continuing growth in Leland.
Population projections for the planning period will be shown in the Land Use Plan section on
Estimated Demand. Seasonal population effects on the Town of Leland are discussed in part (6)
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of this section of this Land Use Plan16.
(5) ECONOMY
The economy of a small Town is extremely important to its continuing growth and development.
The reason economy is such a crucial part of a Town's Land Use Plan is that the effectiveness of
any physical plans for development are almost totally dependant on economic development.
According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, the latest count of the number of employees in
Brunswick County was in March of 1995". Those numbers indicated a total of 14,256
employees with 1,461 business establishments having been counted. The total annual payroll (m
thousands of $'s) was $339,497. The average annual wage in Brunswick County (1995) was
$21,987.
The per capita income for Brunswick County (in 1994) was $15,51620. The per capita income
for Leland in 1989 (last date taken) was $9,90021. The poverty rate (in 1990') in Brunswick
County was 15.4%. The unemployment rate for 1996 was 7.3%'. The median household'
income in Leland (1989) was $23,375. The median family25 income in Leland for 1989 was
$27,344. The median nonfamile income in Leland for 1989 was $9,524. The percent of (all)
18 The reader is advised to look in the Table of Contents for that section entitled
Seasonal Population.
" This information is contained on a compact disc entitled "County Business Patterns
1994 & 1995," issued in November 1997 (CD-CBP-94/95).
2' NC Office of State Planning (http://www.ospl.state.nc.usteconscan/bnmswic.pdf)
21 US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census
u NC Office of State Planning (http://www.ospl.state.nc.us/econscan/brunswic.pdf)
'3 Ibid.
24 Households are all persons except those persons in group quarters or on the street.
This category consists of all occupied dwellings (except group quarters) which do not fit either
of the other 2 categories.
29 Families consist of persons living together with a relationship by blood, marriage, or
adoption.
26 Nonfamily households consist of persons not related. These may be persons living
alone, with a partner or roommate, or group quarters. Nationwide nonfamily households make
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persons below poverty level in Leland (in 1989) was 18.9%27.
The ten largest private employers in Brunswick County (1997) are28:
Name
OR 1. Dupont De Nemours & Co., Inc.
*Carolina Power & Light Co.
OBald Head Island Management, Inc.
*Carolina Stevedoring Co., Inc.
*Sea Trail Corporation
*Brunswick Hospital
Indus Type (# of Employees)
Manufacturing (1,000 & over)
Transport; Comm. & Utilities (1,000 & over)
Financial & Real Estate (250499)
Transport, Comm. & Utilities (250-499)
Financial & Real Estate (250499)
Services (250499) .
*Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Retail Trade (100-249)
t*Sloane Realty of Ocean Real Estate (100-249)
*Archer -Daniels -Midland Co. Manufacturing (100-249)
OBrunswick Cove, Inc. Services (100-249)
Of those persons employed in Brunswick County, the five largest types of jobs are indicated
below29:
® Retail Trade ® —Services ® -Manufacturing ® Transportation ® -Construction
l� In Leland in 1990 there were 1,362 persons 16 years of age and over30. Of these, 946 were in
the labor force. Of these, 946 were civilians. 860 were employed. 86 were unemployed
up approximately 30% of all households.
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2' US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census
28 NC Employment Security Commission, 1997, Third Quarter �.
http:/www.esc.state.nc.usAmi/largest/topten.
29 NC State Data Center.
90 US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census
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Table #g NUMBER OF PRIVILEGE LICENSES ISSUED IN LELAND BY
YEAR
1993-94 87
1994-95
91
1995-96
94
1996-97 33
122
Somm: Town of Leland Adminittnfion Depu4mnt (Febnm y 20, 1993) , .
The most recent Budget Ordinance (for 1997-98) for the Town of Leland was adopted on June
19, 1997. It was estimated therein that the revenues shown in Table #9 would be available
during fiscal year 1997-98. Total general fund revenues anticipated were $573,611.
Revenues anticipated are shown below.
Table #9 REVENUE ANTICIPATED,1997-98
Property Tax
70,000
Motor Vehicle Tax
6,000
Intangible Tax
750
Sales & Use Tax
315,000
Privilege License Tax
9,500
Beer & Wine License Fees
200
Rental of Town Hall
6,000
Inventory Tax
3,000
Franchise Tax
65,000
Beer & Wine Tax
8,000
Food Stamp Sales Tax
1,750
Ordinance Violations
500
Interest on Investments
9,000
Zoning Compliance Permits
500
Appropriated Fund Balance
78,411
TOTAL REVENUES
$573,611
33 1997 figures are as of June 30, 1997.
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The Town of Leland Budget Ordinance gives expenditures authorized by Department as shown
m Table # 10.
Table #10 EXPENDITURES BY DEPARTAENT,1997-
98
Governing Body
11,002
Administration
150,589
Outside Agency Contributions
20,000
Elections
700
Building & Grounds
10,200
Police
257,970
Streets
17,250
Planning
65,700
Debt Service
35,200
Contingency
5,000
TOTAL EXPENDITURES $573,611
Sauce: Town of LNeod Budge) Ordinance (FY 1997-98)
The Town of Leland has an ad valorem tax rate of $0.15 per $100.00 at full valuation for fiscal
year 1997-98. The rate is based on an estimated total valuation of $53,276,572.00 and an
estimated collection rate of 97%.
The Town of Leland understands that economic trends are indicated by a variety of criteria. The
North Carolina Department of Commerce gives seven basic criteria by which economic health of
an area may be measured:
(1) Average age of industrial plants, (5) Change in real wages,
(2) Change in population, (6) Rate of business failure, and
(3) Change in employment, (7) Rate of new business activity.
' (4) Net migration,
From these indicators, Leland is a healthy, growing, and economically vital community. The
position of Leland as a retail trade center for north Brunswick County and the region seems
t secure. The economic strength of Leland, as shown from new businesses and planned residential
expansion (with ever more people moving to the area) is growing.
1 (6) SEASONAL POPULATION
Seasonal resident population is not an especially important consideration for the Town of
Leland. This is a very important figure for nearby resort communities because each unit of local
' government must plan to serve the large number of people who may visit during the height of
vacation season. Local services on North Carolina's beaches (some of which are close to
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Leland), are put to the extreme test of use during the warm weather months. In Leland the
seasonal effect of having so many people vacationing in the area is an increase in the volume of ,
traffic. This traffic is caused by vacationer; who pass through Leland, using US Highway 17,
US Highway 74 - 76, or other State or local roadways.
Repeated visits to Leland for shopping by north Brunswick County residents and area visitors r
are common every day occurrences. Leland is a busy place. (Particularly Fayetteville Road,
Village Road, and U.S. Highways 17, 74 & 76.) This particularly true during the warm weather ,
months. The business community is buoyed by the summer season. As with other areas of the
County, more goods and services are sold during June -July -August than any other season.
The resident population of Leland experiences no appreciable increase during the summer ,
months (June, July, August, and September).
(7) EXISTING WATER & LAND USE
The purpose of discussing water and existing land uses in a Land Use Plan is to provide
information on those existing resources and developments within a local government's planning
jurisdiction and to show what will need to be preserved along with development and to use this ,
information to guide future development activity and patterns. This information is fundamental
to the preparation of a Land Use Plan.
ia) Water,
The evolution of water quality regulations is an interesting study in the balance, dynamics, and
interactions of several factors including population growth, standards of living, technological
developments, food demands, urbanization, transportation changes, and industrialization over the
last century.
The fast transition in the regulatory emphasis from protecting water quality for navigation and ,
commerce in the federal waterway regulations enacted in the late 1800's, to mandating water
quality protection for the purpose of sustaining life supporting conditions occurred in the late
1900's. The second transition involves a shift in society's perspective, from the historical view
of waterways as ceaseless resources, to recognizing that the abilities of waters to renew their
qualities are limited, and become stressed under the magnitude and complex demands of a
changing and growing society. The third transition is the shift in management responsibilities
for water quality, which has come nearly full circle over the past 100 years. The federal
government has delegated much of its enforcement authority for water quality protection, which
it began assuming from local authorities in the late 1800's, to the States, who have in turn placed
considerable responsibilities back on local governments for the administration of water control
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programs34.
iFrom a historic perspective, flowing waters have received waste from time immemorial. With
the rise of population centers in the late 1800's, floating wastes threatened to obstruct the
transportation of goods. The federal government began addressing the practice with the passage
of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, which regulated the depositing of solid wastes into
waterways and regulated construction projects in navigation channels. The Oil Pollution Act of
' 1924, prohibiting vessels from discharging oil into coastal waters, marked a beginning in the
policy shift towards protection of water quality and aquatic life. This Act also assigned
enforcement responsibilities to the federal government when local pollution control efforts were
' inadequate, and made available modest amounts of grant funds for the construction of
wastewater treatment facilities.
The rise of public attention on water quality issues in the 1960's resulted in the passage of the
Water Quality Act of 1965, which specified standards for interstate quality water. A flurry of
' legislation and policy directives soon followed in the 1970's. The National Environmental
Policy Act of 1970 set in motion a broad set of changes in environmental protection policies,
including the type of issues to be addressed Environmental Impact Statements (EIS),
Environmental Assessments (EA), and Findings of No Significant Impact (FONSI), and led to
the rise of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
' The Water Pollution Control Act Amendments (Clean Water Act) of 1972, and the revised Act
of 1977, marked an important step in regulating water pollution. First, it increased the funding
levels available through the construction grants program for assisting in building treatment
plants. Second, it instituted technology based effluent standards as opposed to stream base
standards. Third, it established a national permit system for regulating point source discharges.
Most importantly, the Act established a national policy and specific goals for restoring and
maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological properties of the nation's fishable and
swimmable waters.
' Several sections instituted programs under the Clean Water Act that significantly affect
development projects today, including Section 401, which requires water quality certification for
activities that may cause a discharge into navigable waters or wetlands; Section 402, which
established the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) for wastewater
discharge permits; and Section 404, which regulates the discharge of dredge and fill material
into navigable waters or wetlands. The evolution of the implementation of the Clean Water Act
was the shift in the enforcement and day-to-day administration of the programs from the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency to the States, and in the case of the NPDES program, to the
local governments.
34 A Guide to North Carolina's Tidal Salt Water Classifications, November 1994,
prepared for the U.S. EPA and the NC Div of Environmental Management by Cape Fear COG.
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Water quality protection at the State level began taking shape after WWII. By 1950, most
communities in North Carolina with populations greater than 2,500 were discharging either raw
or minimally treated sewage directly into the State's waterways. At the instruction of the 1951
General Assembly, the State Stream Sanitation Committee (now known as the Division of Water
Quality) began the formal development of North Carolina's water pollution control regulations.
The initial steps of the Committee were to survey the extent of water pollution and to prepare a
comprehensive water pollution program
The Committee also formulated a classification system for the State's surface waters based on
best usage criteria, which became the basis for the system used today. By 1963, water quality
standards and classifications were in place, and most surface waters were classified. The
classifications and standards have been modified over time. Today the surface saltwater
classifications system helps to protect the quality and usage of over 2 million acres (3,200 square
miles) of tidal saltwater estuaries, bays, and sounds. These large figures have included in the
count the Leland River and accompanying coastal wetlands.
Additional legislation followed over the years. This included the North Carolina Environmental
Policy Act in 1971 and the Coastal Area Management Act of 1974. The mandate for State and
local government management of natural resources was significantly strengthened in the general
election of 1972, which overwhelmingly approved an amendment to the State constitution,
which reads, in part, as follows:
"!t shall be the policy of this State to conserve and protect its land
and waters for the benefit of all its citizenry, and to this end it shall
be a proper function of the State of North Carolina and its political
subdivisions to acquire andpreserve park, recreation, and scenic
areas, to control and limit the pollution of our air and water, to
control excessive noise, and in every other appropriate way to
preserve as apart of the common heritage of this State its forests,
wetlands, estuaries, beaches, historical sites, open land, and places
of beauty."
As a strategy for the management of North Carolina's waters, the NC Division of Water Quality
(NC DWQ) assigns classifications to water bodies. The primary classifications are SC, SB, and
SA. This is a graduated type scale whereby the NC DWQ assigns a classification based on the
measured qualities of the water in each area. Supplemental classifications (HQW — High
Quality Waters, ORW — Outstanding Resource Waters, Sw — Swamp Waters, and NSW —
Nutrient Sensitive Waters) designation is also done, as appropriate, as a means of specifying the
properties of a water body which make it special. This is done so that these special properties,
once recognized, may be preserved through planning. The Brunswick River is classified
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according to the primary classifications scheme as SC waters". Sturgeon Creek is classified as
C Sw.
Waters classified as either SC (including C Sw) or C are suitable for secondary recreation type
activities, such as wading, fishing, boating and fish propagation. The HQW (High Quality
Waters) designation areas are areas which have excellent biological, physical, and chemical
characteristics. Areas designated SA are suitable for shellfish harvesting36.
The Brunswick River is classified by the NC Division of Marine Fisheries as a primary nursery
area (PNA). The various jurisdictional boundaries imposed by State agencies sometimes give
certain bodies of water a "joint waters" classification. The Brunswick River is "joint waters."
This means the area has been designated not just as inland, by the NC Wildlife Resources
Commission, and not just as coastal or estuarine, by the NC Division of Marine Fisheries, but
' since these waters have more than a simple function they are jointly controlled by the regulatory
agencies of State government. The waters of the Brunswick River are also a public trust waters
area of environmental concern (AEC).
Sturgeon Creek is classified as inland waters. This designation is given by the NC Wildlife
' Resources Commission. (To some extent this designation is by default, since if a stream is not
estuarine waters it must be inland.) The line between inland waters and estuarine waters is
determined by the agency. Since no agency allows another agency to make this determination
on its behalf there must be an area or zone where both agencies standards will be imposed.
When the waters meet the standards for both agencies they are "joint waters." By definition, and
solely since they are "inland," the waters of Sturgeon Creek cannot serve as primary nursery
areas, though it is generally acknowledged that these areas, when close to PNA's, are transition
zones which probably function as PNA's.
35 The Brunswick River is also classified as a "non -supporting water." This designation,
given by NC DWQ, indicates the stream is not meeting water quality standards. This is true for
the entire lower Cape Fear River since in summer the amount of oxygen in the river goes down
below the basic standard.
r36 The NC DWQ classifies waters for purposes of issuing discharge permits. The NC
Division of Marine Fisheries establishes, administers and enforces rules governing commercial
and recreational fishing in coastal waters, cultivation and harvesting of shellfish, and submerged
land claims. The NC Shellfish Sanitation Branch classifies coastal waters relative to their
quality and safety for harvesting shellfish, such as oysters and clams. The primary objective of
the Branch is the protection of public health. The Branch works with the Division of Marine
Fisheries to monitor and enforce water quality and use standards. The LUPUP reader should
recognize that when the NC DWQ says that waters classified SA may be used for shell fishing,
' they also may not be used for shell fishing. Whether those waters are open to the taking of
shellfish or not is a decision which is left to another agency.
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Sturgeon Creek has been also been designated as a Natural Heritage Priority Area by the NC ,
Division of Parks & Recreation, Natural Heritage Program.
The entirety of northeastern Brunswick County is in the Cape Fear River Basin". The entire
planning area for the Town of Leland drains to the Brunswick River. The Brunswick River ,
flows from and to the Cape Fear River. There are no direct discharges to the area rivers and
streams which emanate from the Town of Leland.
fU Land
An important part of the presentation of land use information is an Existing Land Use Map
which is prepared in the early stages of the Land Use Plan Update process''. This map gives a
graphic depiction of those existing land uses within the municipal planning jurisdiction at the '
time the map was prepared.
The Town of Leland is relatively small in land area. The Town is bounded by the Brunswick
River to the east, Sturgeon Creek (a tributary of the Brunswick River) to the north, and U. S.
Highway 74-76 to the south and west. Recent annexations have occurred across U.S. Highway
74-76, including one large satellite annexation, which will has nearly doubled the size of Leland
(in land area) and this area is in the process of being made contiguous by subsequent
annexations.
According to the 1990 U.S. Bureau of the Census, the total number of housing units in Leland
was 735. Of these, 60 were reported vacant, 208 were renter occupied, and 467 were owner
occupied. The total number of occupied homes in 1990 was 675. 1
A review and analysis of the age of housing in Leland in 1990, from the U.S. Department of
Commerce, Bureau of the Census, showed that 322% of the existing housing stock had been
constructed between the years 1980 and 1990. 32.7% was constructed between 1970-79. This
means that 64.9% of housing in Leland was constructed after 1970. ,
3' The southwestern portion of Brunswick County is in the Lumber River watershed. '
38 The 1998 Existing Land Use Map is folded into the back of this document. The map ,
was prepared following a windshield survey by the Cape Fear Council of Governments on
February 21, 1998.
26 ,
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Table #11 TOWN OF LELAND
HOUSING AGE, 1990
1989—199039 31
1985 — 1988 67
1980 — 1984 139
1970 — 1979 241
1960 — 1969 132
1950 — 1959 57
1940 — 1949 54
1939 — or earlier 14
Total 735
Soorce: U.S. Departnent of Cmmmetce, Bureau of the Census,
1990
Building records were not kept separately for the Town of Leland by Brunswick County for the
years 1991-92. Brunswick County issued (and continues to issue) building permits for
construction. Those permits issued within the Town were not and are not kept separate.
Consequently, there is no distinction able to be made today, except to say that all of those with a
Leland mailing address are shown as from Leland according to Brunswick County records. With
the adoption of a Zoning Ordinance in 1993, compliance with this Ordinance became important
and records began to be kept locally (in Town) on zoning compliance as this became necessary
for the issuance of building permits.
Records on permits issued for the years 1993-98 for the Town of Leland are shown in Table #12.
There were 166 requests received for zoning compliance. The type for each of these requests is
shown in Table #13.
Table #12 LIST OF PERMITS ISSUED BY THE TOWN OF LELAND,1993-98
Fiscal Year
Zoning Compliance
Special Use
Sign Total
Permits
Permits
Permits40
Permits
1993-94
28
2
0
30
1994-95
31
4
0
35
1995-96
37
1
0
38
1996-97
40
0
0
40
1997-9841
30
2
5
37
TOTALS
166
9
5
180
Source: Town of Leland Depsmnent of Admimst ation, 1998
' '9 Data recorded through March of 1990. These houses are now eight years older. 1990
is the latest record of this information.
40 The sign permitting process did not go into effect until FY 1997-98.
41 This figure is year-to-date. This is being written in March 1998.
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As shown in Table # 12, there were 9 special use permit requests received between 1993-98. The
type for each of these requests is also shown in Table #13.
Table #13 PERNUTS ISSUED BY THE TOWN OF LELAND BY TYPE,1993-98
Zoning Compliance
Permits
Fiscal Year
Frame
Mobile
Commercial
Addition
Addition
Total
Home
Home
(Mobile
(Frame
Home)
Home)
1993-94
1
14
6
2
5
28
1994-95
0
19
8
0
4
31
1995-96
4
19
10
1
3
37
1996-97
2
16
15
4
3
40
1997-9842
4
8
8
3
7
30
TOTALS
11
76
47
10
22
166
Special Use Permits
1993-94
0
1
0
0
1
2
1994-95
0
3
1
0
0
4
1995-96
0
1
0
0
0
1
1996-97
0
0
0
0
0
0
1997-9843
0
1
1
0
0
2
TOTALS
0
6
2
0
1
9
Town
For the 5 (fiscal) year period, 1993-98, manufactured homes were the largest category, by type,
of zoning compliance permit requests received. Commercial development requests in Leland
were the second largest category.
As previously mentioned in Table #11, there were 735 housing units in Leland in 1990. 60 of
these units were vacant. If we divide the number of persons residing in Leland in 1990 (1,801)
by the number of occupied houses (675) we get an estimate of the number of persons per
household in Leland. This figure equals 2.668". If our current population figures are correct,
and the Town of Leland now (1998) has 2,298 residents, we can take our number of persons per
household figure (2.668) and divide this into the number of residents (2,298) and we get an
estimated figure for the number of houses occupied in Leland in 1998. That figure is 861. We
42 Ibid.
4s Ibid.
44 There is no reason to believe the number of persons per household figure has changed
since 1990. There is reason to believe this number will change with new development planned
within the Town.
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can easily account for 93 of the 186 new occupied housing units. (Zoning compliance and special
use requests were received between 1993-98 for these units.) For the other; we recognize ..... (1)
some were not counted separately, for the years 1991-92; and, (2) (we expect) that as the Leland
area has grown so dramatically ..... some of the formerly unoccupied houses have now become
occupied Thus, in our estimation, there are currently 861 occupied houses in Leland in 1998.
These houses contain, on average, 2.668 persons. The number of manufactured houses in Leland,
which were counted during the windshield survey of existing land uses, is 364. This means 42%
of the homes in Leland are manufactured homes. The number of "conventional' single family
homes in Leland is 497. These "conventional' homes represent 58% of the housing stock.
The total estimated population for Leland in 1998 is 2,298. The total number of businesses
operating (with a privilege license) in Leland during 1997 was 122. For more information on
existing land use the Land Use Plan user should consult the Existing Land Use Map folded into
the back of this document.
According to the NC Department of Labor' the following values were given to construction in
Brunswick County during 1995, 1996, and 1997. (A breakdown of these values was,
unfortunately, not available for individual municipalities.) For 1995, there were 589 single
family dwellings constructed in Brunswick County. The cost of these single family residences
was $46,810,036. There were 102 multi -family units constructed in 1995 at a value of
$4,125,374. The total residential cost for 1995, including additions and alterations, was
$55,627,571. In 1996, there were 740 single family dwellings constructed. The cost was
$63,524,498. There were also 102 multi -family units constructed in 1996, at a value of
$4,119,515. The total residential cost for 1996, including additions and alterations, was
$68,759,825. In 1997, there were 721 single family dwellings constructed at a value of
$57,406,301. There were 76 multi -family units constructed in 1997, at a value of $3,583,538.
The total residential cost for 1997, including additions and alterations, was $63,667,932.
Brunswick County non-residential construction was also impressive for 1995-97. As shown
below:
Total Non -Residential Units/A & A" Total Non -Residential Cost
1995 198/38 $14,234,800
1996 112/7 $7,480,425
1997 211/40 $10,338,086
Residential and commercial growth within the planning period for this LUPUP is expected to
45 Division of Occupational Safety & Health, WE Bureau/Statistical Section, 319
Chapanoke Road, Suite 105, Raleigh, NC 27603-3432, Mr. Bennett Allen, 919.733.0337.
46 Total number of additions and alterations (A & A) for the year shown.
29
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accelerate. The Town is expecting to follow a continuing trend in Brunswick County ...... a large '
influx of retirement age individuals being drawn to Leland by the climate, the natural beauty of
the area, proximity to other area attractions, and the recreational pursuits available in Brunswick
County. The Town of Leland will seek to create a balance of housing available for all persons.
This is discussed in greater detail in the LUPUP section on policy. ,
(8) CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES AND REGULATIONS I
The enforcement and administration of existing land use regulation in Leland is handled by Town
staff. Building inspection services are provided by Brunswick County. Applications for zoning
compliance are received at the front desk in the reception area. The Town Manager serves as
subdivision, minimum housing code, and zoning administrator. These duties are extremely
important for a small Town. They are also quite time consuming. (Inspection services in Leland
are provided through a contractual arrangement with Brunswick County.) Developers, property
owners, and interested parties should contact the Town Manager for questions on land use
matters.
As a part of Land Use Plan production the local government inventories and includes in the Plan
a summary of the existing plans, policies, and regulations import for development activity. A
listing of those items, and a summary of each, is given below:
• Land Use Plan Update
The previous Land Use Plan for the Town of Leland was adopted by the local government on
June 24, 1993. It was certified by the NC Coastal Resources Commission (NC CRC) on July 23,
1993. The previous Plan was prepared according to the NC CRC Land Use Planning Guidelines
(I5A NCAC 7B) effective in 1989. The LUP has not been amended since its adoption. The ,
1993 LUP gave policies for the growth and development of Leland through the period of time
from its adoption until this document, the 1999 Land Use Plan Update, was adopted.
• Zoning Ordinance
The Town's Zoning Ordinance was adopted pursuant to the authority vested in the Town by its
Charter and the General Statutes of North Carolina at Chapter 160A-381. The Zoning Ordinance
is effective within the Town's municipal limit. For details concerning this Ordinance interested '
parties may call the Town of Leland and ask for the Zoning Administrator. Changes and
amendments to the existing Ordinance are possible. All amendments or changes to the Ordinance
will be reviewed by the Planning Board. Proposed changes will receive a recommendation from '
the Planning Board and will then be considered by the Town Council. Actions taken to amend
the Ordinance will be in accord with the requirements of the NC General Statutes. The Zoning
Ordinance affects the use of all land within Town limits. ,
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• Subdivision Regulations
This Ordinance establishes procedures for the subdivision and development of land within the
planning jurisdiction of the Town of Leland. (This Ordinance is consistent with N.C.G.S. 160A-
371.) The Subdivision Regulations provide for orderly growth, for the coordination of the streets
and highways of a proposed subdivision with existing or planned streets and highways and with
other public facilities, for the dedication or reservation of recreation areas serving residents of the
immediate neighborhood within the subdivision and rights -of -way or easements for streets or
utilities purposes, for the distribution of population and traffic in a manner that will avoid
congestion and overcrowding and will create conditions essential to the public health, safety, and
the general welfare. For details concerning this Ordinance interested parties may call the Town
of Leland and ask for the Subdivision Administrator. These regulations were adopted September
21, 1995.
• Federal Flood Insurance Program"
The Town of Leland is a participating member of the Federal Flood Insurance Program. Flood
Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMS) which were issued on October 15, 1993, are the most recent
update of this information. These maps are not meant to be extremely accurate for purposes of
pinpointing exactly where flooding may occur as a result of a storm event. Residents are advised
that some flooding may occur at locations which are not mapped or shown as hazardous). All
property owners in Leland are advised that it is a good idea to purchase this insurance and to
protect themselves financially to the maximum extent possible from the threat of flood.
Structures which are within the 100 year flood plain are shown on the Storm Surge Inundation
Areas Map (folded in the back of this document). This map is meant to give a generalized
pictures of those areas which may be threatened by flood. The Land Use Plan Update's Storm
Surge Inundation Areas Map is not intended to replace the FIRMS.
• Ordinance Creating a Planning Organization
Most North Carolina Towns with any kind of land use regulation have a Planning Board. The
Town of Leland follows this trend. The duties of the Planning Board are advisory. The Board
supervises the preparation of Land Use Plans (such as this document), special studies,
Ordinances, and recommends these plans, policies, studies, and Ordinances to the Town Council .
The Planning Board in Leland is governed by a set of Bylaws which define the following:
(1) Members and terms of office...
The Planning Board consists of six members. All of the members are citizens and residents of the
4' Storm surge inundation areas are shown on maps as areas along all streams within
the Town of Leland.
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Town and are appointed by the Town Council. All new terms are by three year appointment.
(2) Officers and duties...
The Planning Board elects a Chairman and Vice Chairman at the regular meeting in January of
each year. Duties of the Planning Board officers are: (a) Chairman -- The Chairman presides
over meetings and Public Hearings of the Planning Board The Chairman decides on matters of
order and procedure. The Chairman appoints Committees to study specific matters. The
Chairman develops the meeting agenda with assistance from the Town Manager. The Chairman
will also provide the Town Council with an annual report each year. (b) Vice -Chairman — In the
absence of the Chairman, the Vice -Chairman performs the duties assigned to the Chairman.
Town staff keeps the minutes of all meetings (both regular and special) and hearings called by
the Planning Board. Staff, after conferring with the Chairman, sends notices of all meetings
(special and regular) in advance of the meeting and will call and notify members at least 24 hours
in advance of special or emergency meetings. Staff also carries on routine correspondence and
maintains records and files.
(3) Meetings —
Regular meetings of the Planning Board are on the fourth Tuesday of each month. Unless special
notice is given by the Chairman all meetings begin at 7:00 p.m. and are conducted at Town Hall.
Special meetings may be called by the Chairman, or the Vice -Chairman acting in the absence of
the Chairman, provided that a minimum of 24 hours notice is given to members. A quorum
consists of 4 members. A vote by a majority of those present (when a quorum is present) decides
matters. Members are required to vote unless excused by the Chairman. An abstention
constitutes an affirmative vote. Proceedings are conducted according to Robert's Rules of Order
and the Chairman is the final arbitrator on matters of procedure.
(4) Records retention...
All Planning Board records are to be made available to the public in accordance with the
requirements of the North Carolina General Statutes. Town staff maintains a file of all studies,
plans, reports, recommendations, minutes, and correspondence of the Planning Board The file is
maintained at Town Hall.
0 Board of Adjustment
The Board of Adjustment has 3 basic responsibilities under North Carolina law:
(1) It interprets the Ordinance. This refers to the Boards fimction of hearing appeals from those who
may be unhappy with a decision of the Zoning Administrator.
(2) The Board of Adjustment may, under certain circumstances, grant variances to the Zoning
Ordinance.
(3) It may also issue special use permits".
48 This third provision is not applicable to the Town of Leland. It is legally used by
other municipalities in North Carolina.
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' The Town of Leland Board of Adjustment has five members and 2 alternates. Their term of
office is 3 years. The Board of Adjustment does not hold regularly scheduled meetings.
Meetings are called as necessary and each member must be given 48 hours notice prior to the
meeting. Meetings are to be held as soon as possible after receiving the application for appeal or
hearing. Meetings should not be held more than 30 days after receipt of the application.
Meetings are held at Town Hall. A four -fifths vote of the Board of Adjustment is required to
overturn a decision or to grant a variance.
Decisions from the Board of Adjustment are given no later than 30 days from the date of the
Hearing.
• Miscellaneous Matters/Offenses
For information on other regulations, interested persons should consult the document entitled
Town of Leland. North Carolina, Code of Ordinances. This document is accessible by calling
Town Hall. Other ordinances/rules/policies:
X-The Town of Leland is a bird sanctuary (ordinance adopted July 5, 1990).
X-The Town of Leland became a Council -Manager form of government on August 15, 1996.
X-The Town of Leland's Rules of Procedure, adopted October 21, 1993, cover the following
items:
(Regular meetings of the Town Council — 3rd Thursday, each month, 7:00 p.m.
(Special, Emergency, and Adjourned (or Recessed) Meetings
(Order of business
IOffrce of Mayor
IOffrce of Mayor Pro Tempore
(Action By Council
(Debate
' (Ratification
IProcedural Motion
Ivoting
(Adoption of Ordinances & Approval of Contracts
(Executive Session
IQuornm
(Public Hearings
IAppomtments
X-Code of Ethics for the Town of Leland, adopted January 9, 1992.
X-Alcoholic Beverages Code, February 20, 1993.
X-Ordinance Regulating the Consumption & Possession of Malt Beverages & Unfortified Wine,
adopted October 19, 1995.
X-Ordinance prohibiting Dogs Running at Large, adopted July 5, 1990.
X-Ordinance Requiring the Posting of House Numbers, adopted October 3, 1991.
X-Privilege Licenses Required, adopted June 17, 1993.
X-Ordinance Prohibiting Adult Clubs or Cabarets, adopted November 1, 1990.
33

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X-Ordinance on Miscellaneous Offenses, adopted February 20, 1993.
(Unlawful Assembly
(Injuring Property
'
(Injuring Fire Department Property
(Discharge of Firearms
X-Ordinance Regulating Smoking in Municipal Buildings and Vehicles, adopted June 17, 1993.
'
X-Ordinance on parking Vehicles, adopted June 17, 1993.
X-Ordinance on Speed Limit, adopted May 15, 1997.
,
X-Nuisance Ordinance (Junked Vehicles, Weeds, Trash, Refuse, Debris, Noise), adopted
February 20, 1993.
X-Parades and Demonstrations, adopted February 20, 1993.
,
X-An Ordinance Requiring Permits for Minor Development in AEC's, adopted September 23,
1993.
X-Budget Ordinance (yearly), last adopted June 19, 1997.
,
X-National Flood Insurance Flood Prevention Ordinance, adopted September 17, 1992.
X-Storm Drainage Management & Improvements Policy, adopted November 18, 1993.
X-An Ordinance Authorizing the Proclamation of a State of Emergency & Restriction During a
'
State of Emergency, adopted November 21, 1996.
X-A Resolution of the Town of Leland Permitting a Brunswick County Ordinance Prohibiting
Price Gouging to be Applicable in Leland (Ordinance adopted by Brunswick County April 21,
1997), adopted by the Town of Leland on May 15, 1997.
,
0 Annexation Policy
The Town of Leland policy on annexation is to allow voluntary annexation as requested (by ,
petition). The Town has had a satellite annexation of a large tract to the west of the old Town
limit line. All future annexation, whether by petition or otherwise, will continue to be possible
only as allowed by the NC General Statutes. In each instance the required studies will be ,
produced and Public Hearing opportunities will be given as required by law before action is taken
by the Town. ,
• Thoroughfare Plan for the Town of Leland
The Town of Leland is considered a part of the Wihnington Urban Area for transportation ,
planning purposes. As a result of this designation the following governmental bodies have joined
for the purpose of providing a continuous transportation planning effort: Leland, New Hanover '
County, Brunswick County, Navassa, Wrightsville Beach, Belville, and the City of Wilmington.
A Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) made up of the Technical Coordinating Committee
(TCC) and the Transportation Advisory Committee (TAC) is responsible for guiding the ,
transportation planning process for the Greater Wilmington Metropolitan Area. One of the main
duties of the MPO is to develop and implement the Transportation Plan. The Transportation Plan
is based on the anticipated growth of the area. It is realized that anticipated growth may differ
from actual growth rates. In recognition of this and as a result of the Intermodal Surface
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Transportation Act of 1991 (ISTEA), it is expected that the plan will be re-evaluated every 5
' years.
The Transportation Plan was prepared by the Statewide Planning Branch, Division of Highways,
' NC Department of Transportation, in cooperation those local governments with jurisdiction in the
area studied, and the Federal Highway Administration, and the U.S. Department of
Transportation. The Project Engineer was Mike Bruff (P.E. seal # 18446). The Transportation
Engineer was Paul Koch (P.E. seal #20188). The Transportation Plan was approved March 18,
1997. The purpose of this study is to enable the urban street system to progressively and
efficiently develop to adequately service future traffic demands. Improvements recommended by
' this document are underway at this writing.
Leland needs a separate and detailed transportation plan which will be specific to the Town of
Leland.
• Minimum Housing Code
The Town of Leland has in effect a Minimum Housing Code. This Code, which was prepared in
accordance with N.C.G.S. 160A-441, declares that buildings which are unfit for human habitation
may be caused to be repaired or may be caused to be destroyed at the expense of the owner of the
property if the structure does not meet certain minimum standards which are listed in the text of
the Code. The Code was adopted April 21, 1994.
• Town Boundaries
The Town of Leland's official map is kept at Town Hall. This map shows the municipal limit
line. This area comprises the full extent of the direct planning and land use authority for the
' Town of Leland. The map may be viewed by contacting either the Town's Zoning Administrator
or the the Town Cleric.
(9) AREAS OF SIGNIFICANT LAND USE CHANGE
It is a relatively rare thing when a local government experiences a dramatic change within a five
year period. This is not an unheard of event, however, as very large changes do, indeed, happen.
More often the changes, from a day -today perspective, seem slow. A new business moves into
Town. A new house gets built ..... and then another. None of this seems remarkable or unique.
Over time ..... and in the aggregate ..... each of these small changes has its impact. More traffic in
Town ..... more pavement and less trees ..... more signs in and around Town ..... a potential for
some drainage problems due to an increase in the amount of impervious surfaces ..... these are all
changes which can and do happen as a result of development. On the other hand ..... the closing
of a large manufacturing facility will also bring about changes of another sort. Less traffic, out -
migration, the failure of other businesses ..... these are also the result of an area experiencing
change.
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Leland is in the throes of positive change. The single largest change since 1993 being the
annexation of the subdivision known as Magnolia Greens. As of this writing (March 1998) roads '
are built, the golf course has been constructed, and home sites are being readied for construction
crews. This subdivision has, as approved, 1,513 new home sites. The annexation itself nearly
doubled the size of Leland in land area This area is an important part of the future of the Town ,
of Leland.
Other changes since the 1993 Land Use Plan adoption include: '
❑—Small changes in land use along Village Road. (Commercial development has occurred.
Small businesses have moved in <most have moved into new buildings> and some of the existing
buildings from 1993 now have new business occupants.) '
o—The Leland branch of the Brunswick County Library was completed in 1994.
o—The new Town Hall building was completed in 1996. '
❑—The Town has entered into a cooperative agreement concerning the provision of sewer service
with the Town of Navassa, Brunswick County, and the North Brunswick Sanitary District.
0—Additional street paving activity has taken place. (This would include Dresser Lane, Town '
Hall Drive, and the annexed areas.)
[]—The enforcement of the Minimum Housing Code has caused some of the older homes to have
been remodeled or replaced with new homes or businesses.
Those areas of Leland's planning jurisdiction which have experienced significant land use change
since the last Land Use Plan are largely those areas of vacant land which have become developed.
This includes large wooded tracts being prepared for home sites. The number of commercial
businesses has increased and even more are expected. Leland will continue to grow through the
planning period. Vacant lots will be built upon. The Town is expecting an unprecedented 36.2% ,
yearly population growth rate over the next ten years. Build out of Magnolia Greens is
anticipated. New changes will be as a direct result of the continuing and accelerated development
pressure in Leland and in Brunswick County. ,
The Town has seen, and will continue to see through the planning period, requests to modify the
use standards, density and height requirements in the Zoning Ordinance. The Town expects to '
revise land use ordinances and to apply new standards in order to better manage the growth
expected within the next ten years. The Town will revise the current land use development
ordinances following the completion of the Land Use Plan. Continuing annexation, including the
satellite annexations over the last five years have brought more of those formerly rural areas
under municipal jurisdiction. The Town anticipates and is actively promoting improvements in
all areas. If it is determined that additional work (an image upgrade) is necessary for the business
district, then it will be done. The expansion of the Northwest District Park" south of Town has
been a major recreation type change within the area More work on recreation is necessary. '
49 This is a Brunswick County (owned, operated, and maintained) recreational site. ,
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' (10) GREENWAYS & STREAM BUFFERS50
' Neither greenways nor stream buffers exist within the Town of Leland in 1998. However, water
quality and an attractive community are of strong concern to Town leaders. The Town of Leland
believes that greenways can be an effective, attractive, and useful means of protecting water
quality and enhancing the aesthetic and recreational amenities of the community. Greenways are
understood to be areas of open space or reduced development density which are generally linear
in nature and which can be located along stream or river corridors or used to surround and/or
connect community features. Greenways provide excellent chances to preserve agricultural land,
create recreational opportunities, and protect natural resources in close proximity to even highly
' developed urban and suburban areas. Similarly, water quality buffers tend to be linear in nature;
they are areas of natural or planted vegetation along streams, rivers, lakes, or wetlands through
which stormwater flows in a diffuse manner so that runoff does not become channelized and so
that infiltration of the runoff and filtering of pollutants is possible. Vegetated buffers play a vital
role in protecting water quality by reducing erosion and trapping nutrients and preventing them
' from entering waterways and wetland areas. Greenways and riparian buffers can be used in
conjunction to protect water quality by creating a vegetated corridor along surface waters.
Within the Town of Leland buffers and greenways, once created, would function as a trap for
pollutants and nutrients suspended in stormwater runoff. They would thus protect the water
quality within the Brunswick and Cape Fear Rivers by holding back some of these impurities
' before they reach the water. Leaf litter and groundcover, within greenways and buffers, slow
stormwater velocity, and thereby reduce soil erosion and stream sedimentation. According to the
NC Division of Water Quality (NC DWQ), the minimum effective buffer or greenway width (to
' protect water quality) depends on the type of pollutants which would be found in the runoff. The
vegetated buffer, or greenway, will protect the stream from pollutants transported in stormwater
' runoff from a built environment (a parking lot, asphalt roof, etc.) Undisturbed, forested, buffers
are recommended by NC DWQ and these buffers have also been found to be effective as a means
for protecting streams from nutrients transported in runoff from agricultural lands.
The Town of Leland realizes that property values usually tend to increase as a result of an open
space provision within and around development where lots have been sized to create that open
space. Time needs to be given to allow this to work. Protected open space in Leland and other
Towns of all sizes eventually tends to increase the price and marketability of adjacent property.
This can be an important factor for an owner both in terms of long-term resale value and
appreciation. Another important consideration is the increase in the local tax base. Providing
buffers and greenways along surface waters will help to achieve multiple goals by protecting the
environment, increasing the tax base, and providing recreational opportunities for the community.
' so Excerpts from "Streamlines," published by NC Division of Water Quality, March
1998.
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Greenways, as natural corridors, can operate in six basic ways: ,
1) as habitat for plants and animals; '
2) as a conduit (plants, animals, water, sediment, etc.);
3) as a barrier (preventing movement);
4) as a filter (allowing some things to pass while inhibiting others);
5) as a source for animal or seeds (which move to other parts of the landscape); and
6) as a sink for trapping sediment, toxins, or nutrients
Greenways are understood to be much easier to plan in advance of development. With the kind
of growth that is occurring in Leland now it is incumbent upon all officials to consider whatever
means possible, whether traditional or exceptional, to create a community which will remain a
friendly and beautiful home to all residents. Recognizing that it is easier and cheaper to reserve
greenway corridors in advance of development rather than to acquire easements which cross
property lines after land is subdivided and sold, a number of North Carolina municipalities and
counties have incorporated greenway networks into their comprehensive plans and maps. The
Town of Leland will consider this option, as an amendment to this document, upon the creation '
of its Master Plan for Recreation.
Open space acquisition will be considered and applications for grant funds to accomplish the task ,
will be pursued vigorously by Town administrative staff. Most often, in North Carolina,
greenways and open space are created through dedication and fee -in -lieu provisions within local
government subdivision regulations. Leland will review existing ordinances to consider the ,
implementation of this strategy.
Local governments, private landowners, developers, and land trusts are the most important '
players in establishing greenways and protecting streams through buffers. The purpose of setting
aside buffer zones is to create a zone of transition between two different land uses — the water
and the shore (and shore side development) — in order to protect them from one another. ,
Summary of Section 1: ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
—Leland was incorporated in 1989 by the North Carolina General Assembly. ,
—The Town of Leland operates under the Council -Manager form of government.
—This document is an update of Leland's initial Land Use Plan which was approved in 1993.
—The population of Leland in 1998 is estimated to be 2,298 persons.
—Within the last year Leland has approved over 1,200 new home sites through its sub. regs.
—34.5% of the people in Brunswick County, in 1996, lived in a municipality.
--Leland is the 3' largest municipality in Brunswick County.
—In 1990 there were 860 persons who claimed Leland as home and who were employed.
—The 2 largest employers in Brunswick County are Dupont and CP&L. '
—122 privilege licenses were issued in Leland for 1996-97.
—The Brunswick River is a primary nursery area.
—According to the NC DENR, Sturgeon Creek is a Natural Heritage Priority Area. ,
—The entire planning area for Leland drains to the Brunswick River.
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—In 1990 there were 735 houses in Leland. 675 of these were occupied.
—In 1998 it is estimated there are 861 occupied houses in Leland.
—Occupied houses in Leland contain, on average, 2.668 persons.
—Leland is a part of the Wilmington Metropolitan Planning Organization for transportation plans.
—Town offices are in a new building which was completed in 1996.
Section 2: CONSTRAINTS TO DEVELOPMENT
In consideration of the appropriateness of certain lands within Leland's jurisdiction for
development activity, and as a means for analyzing the appropriate development potential of
lands within the community, we herein consider constraints to development. The areas
considered in this section include land suitability constraints, carrying capacity constraints (of the
land)", and cultural resource type constraints. The Town of Leland is not known to have any
man-made hazardous areas which should be recognized as present in the planning of future
development. Since there are no man-made hazardous facilities which would be appropriate to
consider (e.g., chemical storage areas, airports, tank farms, arms depots, toxic industrial waste
output, etc.) We will cover the known constraints here. Infrastructure constraints will be
considered under the section titled Estimated Demand.
(1) LAND SUITABILITY
Development in a community such as Leland is often limited by constraints, or factors which
preclude or place some restrictions on development opportunities. The categories listed in this
section describe the qualities of these various areas. Implications for development in these areas
is discussed in the LUPUP section on Policies for Growth and Development.
(a) Fragile Areas
Fragile areas are areas which could easily be destroyed or damaged by inappropriate or poorly
planned development. Some of these areas, as noted below, are located within the Town of
Leland. Policies to protect these areas are discussed in the Land Use Plan Update section entitled
Policies for Growth and Development.
Freshwater Wetlands
Wetlands of North Carolina are diverse and widely distributed About 5.7 million acres, or 17%,
61 The capacity of community facilities to service current and anticipated development is
discussed in another LUPUP section entitled Estimated Demand
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of the State is covered by wetlands52. About 95% of these wetlands are in the eastern part of the
States'
Within the Town of Leland exist areas of freshwater wetlands. Development activity in these
areas is regulated. The State has authority through the Clean Water Act to review federally
permitted wetland disturbances (including dredge and fill activities) to be sure the activities do
not damage wetlands to the point they no longer support their designated use. The NC Division
of Water Quality (DWQ) performs this review, which is called a 401 Water Quality Certification.
(All CAMA permitted wetland disturbances require a 401 certification.) Freshwater wetlands
may exist within an AEC. If this is the case, a CAMA permit will be required.
Freshwater wetlands are perhaps the most familiar type of wetland. They are found in as varied
locations as the roadside ditch and at the edges of ponds and rivers. Freshwater wetlands are an
extremely important part of the natural areas of any community. They include habitat areas for a
variety of diverse species and are often an important component part of sensitive groundwater
recharge areas. Seasonal wetlands are those which may fill with winter rains and will generally
dry out during summer and fall. They are as ordinary as a puddle in the backyard and yet are also
critical, especially as breeding habitat, for a wide variety of important species of animals. Since
these seasonal wetlands are often smaller than one acre, they are not well protected by existing
regulations.
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act enables State and federal agencies to regulate development
activities occurring in wetlands. The 401 (previously discussed) and 404 programs require
permits before disturbing wetland areas. The NC Division of Coastal Management currently
reviews U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (404) permits issued, for projects over one-third of an
acre in size, for consistency with Coastal Resources Commission regulations and policies and
those policies contained in local Land Use Plans. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers program
does not serve to protect wetlands very well. Freshwater wetlands permits are routinely issued
for projects which will destroy the wetland areas. The majority of permits requested are granted.
Significant Natural Areas & Endangered Species
In reply to our request concerning the location of significant natural features or endangered
species in Leland, the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, in the Division of Parks &
Recreation, in the North Carolina Department of Environment & Natural Resources, sent on
November 26, 1997, information indicating they have no records of known rare species, high
quality natural communities, or significant natural areas occurring within the Town of Leland.
" T.E. Dahl, 1990, Wetlands — Losses in the United States 1780's to 1980's:
Washington, DC, Fish & Wildlife Service Report to Congress.
33 TE Dahl, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 1991.
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The Town has not been systematically inventoried and it cannot be stated that other rare species
or significant natural areas do not exist.
Information which was returned by the NC Natural Heritage Program does, however, indicate the
location of rare plants, high quality natural communities, significant natural areas, and special
habitat in the vicinity of Leland. To the north of Town is the extensive Significant Natural
Heritage Area, Sturgeon Creek Tidal Wetlands, which contains the high quality natural area, tidal
freshwater marsh. In 1994, a population of the significantly rare plant, Cypress knee sedge
(Carex decomposita) was recorded about 40 feet northeast of SR 1472 on the south side of
Sturgeon Creek. There are two historical species records: Federal Species of Concern/State
Threatened Plant, Savanna indigo -bush (Amorpha georgiana var. georgiana) was recorded in
1952 approximately 5.0 miles north of Winnabow on the north side of US 17 in the bog on the
lower edge of the area marked Magnolia Greens (on the map submitted); Federal Species of
Concern/State Special Concern Amphibian, Carolina gopher frog (Rana capito capito) was
recorded in 1966 off the north side of SR 1551 about 0.6 —1.0 mile SW o£the junction with NC
133. (This site was considered inactive in 1993.
The red cockaded woodpecker, the pitcher plant, and the venus fly -trap are also known to exist in
the area and may be found in Leland's planning jurisdiction.
There are no known valuable or potential mineral sites within Leland or Leland's planning
jurisdiction. There are also no publicly owned forests, parks, fish and game lands, or any
privately owned wildlife sanctuaries within the Town's planning jurisdiction. Areas of "prime
farmland54' are known to exist and are identified in the Soil Survey of Brunswick County
document. These soils are also identified in this document in the section labeled "Soils."
Flood Hazard Areas
There are areas within Leland which are susceptible to flood. As a means of assisting citizens to
deal with this hazard the Town of Leland is a participating member of the Federal Emergency
Management Agency's (FEMA) flood hazard protection program. The most recent Flood
Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMS) are dated October 15, 1993. Those areas which are in some
danger of flood are along the Brunswick River or its tributaries. In fact, maps submitted by the
NC Division of Coastal Management as a part of this Land Use Plan Update process show storm
surge inundation areas along all streams and tributaries within the Town of Leland. Other low
lying areas may also be at risk of flooding. Interested parties should call FEMA with questions.
The number is (404) 8534400.
Salt Water Wetlands or Coastal Wetlands
i4 Identified according to the Governor's Executive Order Number 96.
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North Carolina contains more than 3,000 miles of tidal (estuarine and ocean) shorelines' and
between 183,000 and 236,000 acres of salt marsh are present in the State". These wetlands
constitute about 11% of the tidal salt marshes of the southeast Atlantic coast".
These important wetlands exist within the Town of Leland. They are defined in this document in
the next section, entitled Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC's).
(b) Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC's)
One of the basic purposes of North Carolina's Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA or the Act)
is to establish a State management plan which is capable of rational and coordinated management
of coastal resources. The Act recognizes the key to more effective protection and use of the land
and water resources of the coast is the development of a coordinated approach to resources
management. The CAMA provides 2 principle mechanisms for accomplishing this purpose.
First, the formulation of local Land Use Plans articulating the objectives of local citizens and
translating these objectives, or policies, into future desired growth patterns. Second, the
designation of Areas of Environmental Concern for the protection of areas of statewide concem
within the coastal area.
Both the development of local Land Use Plans and the designation and regulation of critical
resource areas contribute to rational management by encouraging local and State governments to
exercise their full authorities over coastal resources and to express their management goals in a
comprehensible and uniform manner. Local objectives benefit through their incorporation into a
State management scheme, and the statewide objectives of resource protection and development
benefit through an integrated and comprehensive management approach. State guidelines are
prepared to ensure uniformity and consistency in Land Use Plans and in the regulation of critical
resource areas, or Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC's).
The STATE GUIDELINES FOR AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNSe (Subchapter
7H of Chapter 15A of the NC Administrative Code, or 15A NCAC 7H, or the regulations
governing development activity in AEC's) require that local Land Use Plans give special attention
to the protection and appropriate development of AEC's. The CAMA charges the Coastal
Resources Commission (CRC or the Commission) with the responsibility for identifying types of
" J.W. Clay, D.M. Orr, Jr., and A.W. Stuart, 1975, North Carolina Atlas — Portrait of a
Changing Southern State: Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 331 p.
" K.K. Moorhead,1992, Wetland Resources of Coastal North Carolina: Wetlands, v. 12,
no. 3, p.184-191.
s' P.G. Weigert and B.J. Freeman, 1990, Tidal Salt Marshes of the Southeastern Atlantic
Coast — A Community Profile: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Biological Report 85 (7.29), 70 p.
" These regulations are subject to change by the NC Coastal Resources Commission.
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areas -- water as well as land — in which uncontrolled or incompatible development might result
' in irreversible damage. The Act further instructs the Commission to determine what types of
development activities are appropriate within such areas, and it calls upon the local government
to give special attention to these areas in the process of Land Use Plan development. As a means
of controlling any inappropriate or damaging development activities within AEC's, the CAMA
calls upon the CRC to implement a permitting program. The intent of this program is not to stop
development (if this were the intent, given the growth in our coastal area, the program would be
an abject failure) but rather to ensure the compatibility of development with the continued
productivity and value of critical land and water areas (AEC's).
' The Act divides responsibility for the permitting program between the CRC and local
governments. "Minor" development activities receive permits from a local permit officer, while
"major" development activities seek permits from the CRC. (Division of Coastal Management
' personnel are the staff representatives of the CRC.) The Town of Leland adopted an ordinance
establishing administrative policy for minor development permit letting on September 23, 1993.
' The types of AEC's are separated into 4 broad groupings. Those 4 categories are:
' (1) = THE ESTUARINE SYSTEM
(2) = OCEAN HAZARD AREAS
(3) = PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES
(4) = NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCE AREAS
= The Estuarine System
Estuarine system AEC's are land and water areas of the coast which contribute enormous
economic, social, and biological values to North Carolina. It is the objective of the CRC to
manage these AEC's as an interrelated group to ensure that development is compatible with
natural characteristics and to minimize the likelihood of significant loss of private property and
public resources. Included within the estuarine system are the following AEC categories:
estuarine waters, coastal wetlands, public trust areas and estuarine shorelines. Each of these
AEC's is either geographically within the estuary or, because of its location and nature, may
significantly affect the estuary.
Coastal WetlandsP are areas of salt marsh or other marsh subject to regular or occasional
flooding by tides, including wind tides. The management objective of the NC CRC for coastal
wetlands is to conserve and manage these areas so as to safeguard and perpetuate their biological,
social, economic, and aesthetic values. The highest priority is given to conservation of these
sv Coastal wetlands are an Area of Environmental Concern and uses/development in
these areas are regulated by the NC Coastal Resources Commission. Coastal wetlands should
not be confused with 404 wetlands, which are regulated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
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areas. The second highest priority of use is for those types of development which require water
access and cannot function elsewhere. Most of the marshes adjacent the Brunswick River at
Leland are freshwater marshes. There may be scattered areas of salt marsh therein.
Estuarine Waters are those water areas which are the dominant component and bonding element
of the entire estuarine system, integrating the aquatic influences from the land and the sea.
Estuaries are among the most productive natural environments of North Carolina. They support
the valuable commercial and sports fisheries of the coastal area, which are comprised of estuarine
dependant species such as menhaden, flounder, shrimp, crabs, and oyster;. Of the 10 leading
species in the commercial catch, all but one are dependent on the estuary. The "joint waters" of
the Brunswick River are considered as estuarine waters by the NC Division of Coastal
Management.
Public Trust Areas are all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands thereunder from the mean
high water mark to the seaward limit of State jurisdiction (the State limit of jurisdiction is 3
miles); all navigable natural bodies of water and lands thereunder to the mean high water level or
mean water level as the case may be; all water in artificially created bodies of water containing
significant public fishing resources or other public resources which are accessible to the public by
navigation from bodies of water in which the public has rights of navigation; and all waters in
artificially created bodies of water in which the public has acquired rights by prescription,
custom, usage, dedication, or any other means. The management objective is to protect public
rights for navigation and recreation and to conserve and manage public trust areas so as to
safeguard their biological, economic, and aesthetic values. The waters of Sturgeon Creek and the
Brunswick River are public trust areas.
Estuarine Shorelines are areas of dry land (which may contain 404 wetlands) which are
considered a component of the estuarine system because of the close association these land areas
have with adjacent estuarine waters. Estuarine shorelines are non -ocean shorelines which are
especially vulnerable to erosion, flooding, or other adverse affects of wind and water and which
are intimately connected to the estuary. This area extends from the mean high water level (or
normal water level along estuaries, sounds, bays, and brackish waters) for a distance of 75 feet
landward. Within the estuarine shoreline AEC, impervious surfaces are required to not exceed
30%.
Each of the above listed AEC's exist within the Town's planning jurisdiction.
Ocean Hazard Areas w
Ocean hazard AEC's are so named because these areas are considered by the North Carolina
Coastal Resources Commission to be natural hazard areas along the Atlantic Ocean shoreline
where, because of their special vulnerability to erosion or other adverse effects of sand, wind, and
water, uncontrolled or incompatible development could unreasonably endanger life or property.
Ocean hazard areas include: the ocean erodible area, the high hazard flood area, the inlet hazard
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' area, and the unvegetated beach area.
tOcean Erodible Areas are areas where there is a substantial possibility of excessive erosion and
significant shoreline fluctuation. The seaward boundary of this area is the mean low water line.
The landward extent of this line is established by multiplying the long-term average annual
erosion rate, as approved by the CRC, times 60, provided that, where there has been no long term
erosion rate or the rate is less than 2 feet per year, the minimum distance shall be set at 120 feet
from the first line of stable vegetation.
(Coastal) High Hazard Flood Areas are those areas subject to velocity waters in a storm having
a 1 percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year and as identified on the
National Flood Insurance Program's Flood Insurance Rate Maps. The maps were produced by the
Federal Emergency Management Agency and are current if the last revision indicated is October
15, 1993.
' Inlet Hazard Areas are natural hazard areas which are especially vulnerable to erosion, flooding
and other adverse effects of sand, wind, and water because of their proximity to dynamic ocean
inlets. This area extends landward from the mean low water line a distance sufficient to
' encompass that area within which the inlet will, based on statistical analysis, migrate, and shall
consider such factors as previous inlet territory, structurally weak areas near the inlet, and
external influences such as jetties and channelization.
Unvegetated Beach Areas are self explanatory to the extent that they consist of unvegetated
ocean beach. These areas are subject to rapid and unpredictable land form change from wind and
' wave action.
The Town of Leland has none of the Ocean Hazard AEC's within its jurisdiction.
n Public Water Supplies
The third broad grouping of AEC's includes valuable small surface supply water sheds and public
water supply well fields. These vulnerable, critical water supplies, if degraded, could adversely
affect public health or require substantial monetary outlays by affected communities for
alternative water source development. For more details, interested parties are advised to call the
North Carolina Division of Coastal Management, in Raleigh, at [phone].
The above mentioned category of AEC does not exist in Leland.
= Natural and Cultural Resource Areas m
Natural and cultural resource areas include natural or cultural resources of more than local
significance in which uncontrolled or incompatible development could result in major or
irreversible damage to natural systems or cultural resources, scientific, educational, or associative
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values, or aesthetic qualities. These areas would include coastal areas containing remnant
species, coastal complex natural areas, unique coastal geologic formations, significant coastal
archaeological resources, and significant coastal historic/architectural resources. For more
details, interested parties are advised to call the North Carolina Division of Coastal Management,
in Raleigh, at [phone].
This category of AEC is by nomination only. There are no natural and cultural resource areas
AEC's in Leland. None are expected to be nominated during the planning period -
Special permitting regulations apply for any development which will occur in an Area of
Environmental Concern. To find if these regulations are pertinent to a project proposal, call the
NC Division of Coastal Management, in Wilmington, at [phone], or call the Town of
Leland, at [phone].
(c) Soils
In November, 1986, the US Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation
with the NC Agricultural Experiment Station and the Brunswick County Board of
Commissioners, published a Soil Survey of Brunswick County. North Carolina60.
The GENERAL SOIL MAP contained in the Soil Survey document shows the Town of Leland
as primarily within the Baymeade-Blanton-Norfolk soil association. These soils are nearly level
to gently sloping, well drained and moderately well drained soils that have loamy subsoil; on
uplands. These soils are generally near major streams throughout the County. This soil
association composes approximately 12% of the County soils. In Brunswick County it is about
70% Baymeade soils, 13% Blanton soils, 7% Norfolk soils, and 10% soils of minor extent. High
seepage rates, caving of cutbacks and poor trafficability are the main limitations for Baymeade
and Blanton soils. The Norfolk soils are well suited for recreational development.
The reason that soil types are important for planning purposes is that some soils are not well
suited for a particular type of development. Soils may present hazards for building foundations.
They may be poorly drained and have limited ability, if any, to support septic systems. If this
type of information is considered when the Town produces a set of regulations, such as a Zoning
Ordinance, development may be steered toward those areas where it is more suitable.
Some determination of the soil types within the Town of Leland's planning jurisdiction is
possible to distinguish from the aerial photography contained in the Soil Survey of Brunswick
Counil The types of soils shown are:
text.
60 For more detailed information, the Land Use Plan reader is advised to consult this
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' ♦ Bavmeade fine sand (BaB) ♦ This well drained soil is on low ridges and convex
' divides. Most of the acreage of this soil in Brunswick County is used for woodland.
individual areas of this soil are generally broad and long and range from 35 to 250 acres.
Surface runoff is slow. Many areas of this soil are used for crops. The soil is suited to
' some urban uses. Lawns and shrubs are difficult to establish and maintain. The sandy
nature of this soil is the main limitation. This soil is poorly suited for recreation purposes.
' ♦ Bavmeade and Marvvn soils (BDC) ♦ This soil consists of well drained Baymeade
and Marvyn soils on short side slopes. These soils are combined in the same map unit
because of similarities in use and management. Surface runoff is slow (in Baymeade) to
' medium (in Marvyn). Baymeade and Marvyn soils have many small areas in native
vegetation. A small area of this soil series is used for pasture, and a few areas are in crop
land. Generally, these areas are too narrow and sloping to cultivate easily. These soils are
suited to some urban purposes. Slope is a limiting factor for septic tank absorption fields
and for commercial buildings. These soils are poorly suited to most recreational purposes.
' Slope and sandiness are the main limitations.
♦ Blanton fine sand (BnB) ♦ This moderately well drained soil is found in slightly
convex interstream areas. Most of the acreage of this soil in Brunswick County is
woodland. The rest is idle or used for residential development. Individual areas of this
soil are usually long and irregular in width and range from 15 to 175 acres. Surface
' runoff is slow. Permeability is rapid. A few areas of this soil in Brunswick County are
used for crops. This soil is suitable for most urban uses.
' ♦ Chowan silt loam (CIS ♦ This is a nearly level, poorly drained soil found on the
floodplains of the Cape Fear River and its tributaries. Inland the vegetation is hardwoods,
but it changes to cattails, black needlerush and giant cordgrass near the coast. Surface
runoff is slow. This soil is flooded for six months of most years. This soil is generally
not used for crop land, or for residential or recreational development. The hazards of
flooding, wetness, and excess humus are the main limitations. The main recreational use
of these areas is hunting.
♦ Foreston loamy fine sand (Fo) ♦ This nearly level, moderately well drained soil is
on slightly convex interstream areas. Most of the acreage of this soil in Brunswick
County is in woodland. The rest is in crop land. Individual areas of this soil are irregular
' in shape and are 25 to 150 acres. Surface runoff is slow. Permeability is moderately
rapid, and the available water capacity is moderate. Ditch banks and trench walls cave,
and the soil has a high seepage rate. Wetness from a seasonal high water table is the main
limitation. The soil is suited for most urban uses. A well planned drainage system can
control wetness. This soil is poorly suited for sanitary facilities. The soil is well suited
for recreational purposes.
♦ Kureb fine sand (KrB) ♦ These soils are excessively drained. Individual areas of
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this soil are generally long and irregular in width. Surface runoff is slow. Permeability is
rapid, and the available water capacity is low. This soil is suited to most urban uses.
♦ Leon fine sand (Lo) ♦ This nearly level, poorly drained soil is in broad smooth
interstream area and in depressions in undulating areas. Surface runoff is slow.
Permeability is rapid in the surface layer and moderate in the subsoil. This soil is mostly
woodland in Brunswick County. This soil is generally not used for residential or
recreational development because of wetness, seepage, the sandy nature of the soil, and
the caving of cutbacks.
♦ Mandarin fine sand (Ma) ♦ This is a nearly level somewhat poorly drained soil in
broad interstream areas and in depressions in undulating areas. Surface runoff is slow.
Permeability is moderate to rapid, and the available water capacity is low. Mandarin soil
is mostly in woodland in Brunswick County. This soil is poorly suited for residential or
recreational development.
♦ Muckalee loam (Mk) ♦ This nearly level, poorly drained soil is on flood plains of
freshwater streams. Nearly all of the acreage of this soil type is woodland. Individual
areas of this soil are long and narrow. Most of the mapped areas are from 10 to 100 acres.
Surface runoff is very slow. Ditch banks cave because of high sand content. Muckalee
soil is mostly in native woodlands. The vegetation Is adapted to long periods of wetness.
This soil is generally not used for crop land, or for residential or recreational development
because of surface ponding, flooding, and caving of cutbacks.
♦ Murville mucky fine sand (Mu) ♦ This nearly level, very poorly drained soil is in
depressions in broad interstream areas. The soil is found in oval shaped depression areas
and long, narrow depressions between sand ridges. Surface runoff is very slow. The
permeability is rapid in the surface layer and moderately rapid in the subsoil. The
available water capacity is low. These soils are generally not used for residential or
recreational development. Surface ponding, high rates of seepage, and caving of cutbacks
are the main limitations.
♦ Norfolk loamy fine sand (nob) ♦ This well drained soil is found on convex
interstream divides. Most of the acreage of this type soil is crop land or is used for
residential sites. Individual areas of this soil are long and irregular in width and range
from 15 to 100 acres. Surface runoff is medium. This soil is very strongly acid unless the
surface has been limed. The seasonal high water table is 4 to 6 feet below the surface.
This soil is well suited for crops. Most of the soil is planted to tobacco, corn, and
soybeans. This -soil is suited to urban uses. Wetness is the main limitation. It is well
suited to recreation.
♦ Onslow fine sandy loam (On) ♦ This is a nearly level, moderately well drained soil
found near drainage ways in interstream areas. Most of this soil in Brunswick County is
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reported to be in woodland. The rest is said to be in crop land. Individual areas of this
soil are long and irregular in width and range from 15 to 70 acres. Surface runoff is slow.
This soil is poorly suited to residential and recreational development because of wetness.
Some areas need artificial drainage or land grading to improve surface drainage.
♦ Pantego mug-ky loam (Pn) ♦ These soils are nearly level and very poorly drained
soils in broad intecstream areas. Most of these soils are found, when they are found
anywhere in Brunswick County, in the north central areas. Surface runoff is very slow.
Pantego soil is mostly woodland. The vegetation is adapted to wetness. The soil is
generally not used for residential or recreational development as a result of wetness and
seepage.
♦ Urban land (Ur) ♦ These soils are found in the developed portions of Leland. Urban
land is where soils have been cut, filled, graded, or paved so that most soil properties have
been altered to the extent that a soil series is not recognized. These areas are used for
developed type uses, which might include closely spaced housing, parking lots, and
commercial development of a variety of types.
Soils listed above which are considered prime farm land include Foreston loamy fine sand (Fo),
Norfolk loamy fine sand (Nob), and Ouslow fine sandy loam (On). These are soils which are the
best suited for the production of food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops. These soils also
have properties which favor the economic production of sustained high yield of crops. The soils
need only to be treated and managed using acceptable farming methods. Prime farm land soils
produce the highest yields with minimal inputs of energy and economic resources, and farming of
these soils results in the least damage to the environment. These areas, because of rapid
development, are a dwindling resource in Leland and Brunswick County. The reason being is
that those same properties which make this soil prime farm land also make these soils have a high
potential for development and they are therefore considered some of the best building sites. In
Leland's planning jurisdiction areas of these soils exist in the northeast part of Town (back off the
river), within the area recently annexed, north of U.S. Highway 17.
Any of the soils limitations mentioned may be overcome through engineering. Appropriate
considerations for Leland are relative to zoning density, height of structures, setback
requirements, lot size, new streets and roads, and utilities extension plans and policies. Though
there is a strong potential for flooding and drainage problems in some of these areas, the
availability of a public sewerage system at Leland will allow for development activity in areas
where soils may be wet.
(2) CARRYING CAPACITY
Today visitors having a first look at Leland see land development activity, and developed land
' alongside open spaces. The Town has large tracts of land available for development in 1998. As
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we examine the Land Classification Map", which shows future growth areas for the Town, we
large areas shown as in "urban transition." The capacity of the land to hold more people or the ,
raw space required to insert people and business is there. Both residential and commercial
development is on the rise. This increase will continue throughout the planning period.
There are a few early signs of some strain. The foresight of this communities leaders seems to '
have headed off problems. A regional sewer system is being constructed. Many of the soil types
within Leland's planning jurisdiction are unsuitable for development activity if some means other ,
than septic systems is not available for treating waste. Consistent with the time when population
and residential growth are exploding in Leland, services expansion (to service this growth) is also
moving rapidly toward completion. Additionally, roads are planned which will help to serve the ,
growing population. The roads are a part of the Wilmington Metropolitan Planning
Organization's recently adopted Transportation Plan. Local officials also recognize the need and '
will approach the NC DOT for a local Thoroughfare Plan for Leland. A network of roads which
has been rationally planned and well thought out is recognized as necessary by Town officials
and large landowners who will one day move to develop their property and who will be better '
able to work in concert with the Town if Town plans are well understood at an early stage.
Off the roads, behind those developed street fronts and major roads, development is somewhat ,
limited, but there is land available. Some of the potential of this land for development activity is
limited by the presence of wetlands. The most important wetlands in the Leland planning
jurisdiction are the coastal wetlands found along the Brunswick River. Freshwater marshes and '
seasonal wetlands also exist in the area Section 404 of the Clean Water Act enables federal
agencies to regulate development activities occurring in wetlands. The 404 program (reference is
to section 404 of the Clean Water Act) requires permits before disturbing wetlands areas. The ,
NC Division of Coastal Management currently reviews U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (404)
permits issued for projects over one -thud of an acre in size, for consistency with Coastal
Management regulations and policies. The vast majority of permits requested are granted It is '
not the intent of the process to deny people the use of their land. The process is designed to give
officials the opportunity to work with people, and in some cases to modify projects, to lessen ,
impacts on wetlands.
With the infrastructure expansion plans currently in place for sewer system improvements, the ,
capacity of man-made systems to accommodate proposed development activity in Leland will be
greatly enhanced. Natural systems capacities to accommodate growth will be taken into
consideration in the development of local regulations (Zoning, Subdivision, etc.). Through '
consideration of these ordinances development in the traditional way, through local regulatory
authority.
61 The Land Classification Map is inserted into the back of this document and is '
discussed in the LUPUP section entitled Land Classification.
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' (3) CULTURAL RESOURCES
' Pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the Advisory Council on
Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36 CFR Part
' 800, the NC Division of Archives and History offers the following comment in reference to an
inquiry made on November 19, 1997, regarding the possibility of archaeologic sites or historic
properties in Leland:
' "According to our files, no archaeological sites have been recorded
within the Leland planning area, nor have any surveys been
conducted The possibility exists that archaeological sites ranging
from the prehistoric to the historic period maybe located in the
Town, particularly along Banton Branch, Branch Mill Creek, and
' the Brunswick River. Of concern are areas where modern
development has not occurred, as these areas may contain
' undisturbed and significant archaeological remains We
recommend that the Leland Land Use Plan reference this potential
and the need for careful review of all development plans situated
twithin previously undisturbed area& "
There is a site not yet plotted. This site, which was discovered in 1995 by Mrs. Lucille Dresser
Blake, is known as the Sturgeon Creek Site (NC Permanent # 31 BW562 & 562s•). This site
reportedly contains prehistoric as well as historic artifacts.
The Town of Leland does not have a Historic District or a Historic District Ordinance.
Summary of Section 2: CONSTRAINTS TO DEVELOPMENT
--Leland's planning area has rare plants, high quality natural communities, & special habitat areas
—There are areas in Leland which are susceptible to flood.
' —Leland is a participating member in the National Flood Insurance Program.
—There are estuarine system AEC's within Leland's planning jurisdiction.
—There are "federal protected" wetlands within Leland.
—Leland has a wide variety of soil types within its planning jurisdiction.
—Infrastructure expansion plans will not need to be impeded by natural constraints in Leland.
—Leland has no recorded archaeologic sites.
' Section 3: ESTIMATED DEMAND
As a part of the planning process the Town of Leland has looked at the following topics and
' analyzed the effects of anticipated growth in each of these service areas.
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(1) WATER '
The Town of Leland is not in the water business. The North Brunswick Sanitary District sells '
and operates the water system facilities in Town. There are approximately 700 users within the
Town limits. The water source for the North Brunswick Sanitary District is Brunswick County. '
Water supplies are taken from a surface supply watershed area (the Cape Fear River). Ample
supply will be available for the planning period
(2) SEWER
In 1998 there are 32 sewer system useis/customers in Leland. All of these customers are
retail/commercial type users located in the area of the Leland shopping center. The service is
provided at a small package treatment plant (known as the Claremont Plant). The sewage ,
treatment plant treats, based on a 12 month average, approximately 32,000 gallons per day. The
Claremont Plant is expected to be phased out of use within the planning period Until other
sources are available, Magnolia Greens will take sewer to the Claremont plant. ,
There are plans in place to construct a regional sewage treatment plant. The new plant will be
located north of the Town of Navassa and will be owned and operated by Brunswick County. '
The Town of Leland is planning to build its own collection system which will include gravity and
force mains. There are also 6 lift stations planned within Leland. Preliminary plans show that 6
miles of sewer line will be laid. The cost is estimated at $8,017,139 for the collection system and '
the lift stations. This cost figure does not include treatment facilities that will be owned and
operated by Brunswick County or any developer installed lift lines or lift stations. Leland's share
of the cost for the treatment plant will be $2,181,645. The total cost to the municipality will be '
$10,198,784. Construction is tentatively scheduled to begin July 1, 1999. It is anticipated that
construction will take 270 days. This "schedule" will be subject to change as needs dictate.
In 2008 it is anticipated that there will be 2,500 sewer customers inside the Town's limits. All '
new developments in Leland (including Magnolia Greens) are required to construct their own t
sewer lines at their expense.
Current capacity available at the Clermont Plant is 100,000 gallons per day (gpd). Future needs,
to be met at the new regional sewage treatment plant:
2002 — 287,634 gallons per day (according to the 201 Facilities Plan) ,
2008 — 713,170 gallons per day (as follows:
70 x 7,802 = 546,140 (70 = gpd per person) '
15 x 7,802 = 117,030 (15 = commercial gpd required)
Add in for light industrial 50,000 (= light industrial)
TOTAL= 713,170 gpd '
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The needed sewage treatment capacity in Leland for the year 2008 is 713,170 gpd. This need
will be easily able to be met by the new regional sewage treatment facility. The new regional
facility will have a capacity if 1.1 mgd.
For questions on the Town of Leland's policies on sewer system expansion plans and connection
requirements, please consult this Land Use Plan's policy section.
' (3) ROADS, SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS, RECREATION AREAS, & PERSONNEL
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Read 562
The most recent traffic counts for the Leland area from the NC Department of Transportation
(DOT) were taken in 199763. These counts give vehicles per day (VPD) and are the average
annual daily traffic (AADT). The VPD and AADT count traffic in both directions. Seasonal
fluctuations are not given by DOT. The locations where the counts are taken are chosen by the
DOT. Town officials will request to be consulted on this decision in the future. In any event, on
U.S. Highway 17 & 74/76, just west of the Brunswick River Bridge, the AADT in 1997 was
39,000. On U.S. Highway 74/76, just north Highway 17 and west of traditional Leland, the
AADT was 19,600. Beyond the point where U.S. Highway 17 splits with U.S. Highway 74/76 in
Brunswick County, and in the vicinity of the entrance to Magnolia Greens, the AADT was
19,800. The traffic in Leland is expected to increase during the planning period.
Determining capacities for roadways is a tricky business. Under "ideal" circumstances a two lane
road can carry 2,800 vehicles per hour. (So says the NC DOT Traffic Engineering Office, who
reported this figure to the author of this document by quoting from a federal publication entitled
Highway Capacity Manual.) That is 1,400 each direction at 60 MPH. Ideal circumstances must
be rare. Any side interference makes matters worse. Any drivers who do not drive a steady
speed make matters worse and any driver who does not drive the "ideal" speed makes matters
worse. It is widely known and accepted, despite this capacity information, that the roadways in
Leland and other municipalities in coastal North Carolina are crowded, especially during the
summer. Getting around becomes difficult. When getting around becomes difficult, people must
make advance plans to visit places near and far. A trip to the grocery becomes bothersome, more
complicated, and some people are less likely to venture out.
As growth continues, more and more stress will be placed on the transportation system in Leland.
It is strongly felt that the Town should continue to work to improve the traffic/transportation
system for residents and visitors. A Thoroughfare Plan, specific to Leland's needs is necessary.
61 The Town of Leland is a part of the Wilmington MPO for transportation planning. A
map of the Thoroughfare Plan is included in the back of this document.
63 Brunswick County will receive traffic counts again in 1999.
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A master plan for streets or a roadways plan, for the undeveloped as well as those developed
area needing improvement, would be extremely helpful for developers, property owners, and ,
Town officials. More information on the Town's policy position on this subject may be found in
the appropriate Land Use Plan Section. (Please consult the Table of Contents.)
In FY 97-98 the Town of Leland received approximately $62,370 in Powell Bill Funds. These e
funds are allocated to NC municipalities by the NC DOT on a yearly basis according to a formula
which takes into account the number of miles of municipally owned road and the most recent NC '
Office of State Planning figure on population. The most recent funds received were used for the
purpose of cleaning ditches, resurfacing roads, paving new roads, patching roads, putting in
grates and frames on storm drains, marl, sign posts, and paint for traffic lanes. '
As a part of the Town approved street maintenance program the Town should include bike paths
and sidewalks in future roadways planning. This is an idea which would certainly make the
Town more liveable, which would help to ease the parking/traffic congestion problem, and which
would promote interaction and a subsequent increase in neighborliness amongst Town residents. '
Street lights are recognized as a safety measure and are known to be necessary in some areas of
Town.
New development projects in Leland, such as Magnolia Greens, are required to pay for the
installation of new streets and roads. Development of new roads will be approved through the
subdivision review and approval process described in the Subdivisions Regulations of Leland.
Leland needs a Thoroughfare Plan specific to the Town of Leland. It is anticipated that such a
Plan, in combination with a master plan for streets, will give direction to investors and citizens of
the community.
Schools I
The Superintendent of Brunswick County Schools is Mr. Marion C. Wises`. The Superintendent
of Schools is responsible to the Brunswick County Board of Education for the administration,
operations, and management of all public schools in the County.
Public school students in Leland attend the following public schools: r
Students in grades K-3 in Leland attend Lincoln Primary School". The current enrollment is '
678. The design capacity is 600 students. This school is therefore operating at 113% of capacity.
The Principal is Ms. Faye Nelson.
Brunswick Co Schools, 35 Referendum Drive, NE, P.O. Box 189, Bolivia, NC 28422. ,
ss Lincoln Primary School, 1664 Lincoln Rd, NE, Leland, NC 28451.
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Elementary students (grades 4-6) attend Belville Elementary School. The 1997-98 enrollment
of Belville Elementary is 592. The design capacity of Belville Elementary is 750 students. They
are therefore operating at 79% of capacity. Belville Elementary has 0 mobile classrooms. W.
Robert Graham is the Principal at Belville Elementary.
Middle School students attend Leland Middle School' (grades 7-8). The design capacity of this
school is 650 students. The enrollment (1997-98) is 580. They are operating at 89% of capacity.
Leland Middle School has 7 mobile classrooms. Ms. Diana Mintz is the Principal at Leland
Middle School.
High school students attend North Brunswick High Schoolfie (grades 9-12). The design capacity
there is 650 students. The 1997-98 (end of year ) enrollment is 546. They started the year with
approximately 650 students. They are therefore operating at 100% of capacity. The Principal at
North Brunswick High School is Mr. Robert Harris.
New public schools are needed in Brunswick County. This need is due to the tremendous growth
experienced by the County in recent years. In light of this the Brunswick County School Board
has approved a new elementary school construction project which will relieve overcrowded
conditions.
r Some students in Leland attend private schools. Area colleges include Brunswick Community
College, Cape Fear Community College, and the University of North Carolina at Wilmington.
Hospitals
The closest full service medical facility to Leland is New Hanover Regional Medical Center69.
This large facility was opened in 1967. The Hospital is a 628 bed publicly owned facility with
320 doctors on staff. There are approximately 3,000 persons employed, and more than 700
volunteers, at this comprehensive health care facility.
Each year New Hanover Regional Medical Center:
✓ Admits more than 20,000 patients
✓ Sees more than 48,000 patients in the Emergency Department
✓ Sees more than 38,000 patients in the Outpatient Clinics
I✓ Accepts more than 52,000 referrals for diagnostic procedures or therapy.
Belville Elementary School, 575 River Road, Leland, NC 28451.
67 Leland Middle School, 927 Old Fayetteville Road, Leland, NC 28451.
se North Brunswick High School. #1 Scorpion Drive, Leland, NC 28451.
69 The information included here was received from New Hanover Regional Medical
Center by Cape Fear Council of Governments.
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The Brunswick Hospital near Supply, the Dozier Hospital in Southport, or the Myrtle Beach
Hospital may also be used in case of emergency or any delays caused by untimely bridge
openings, road closings, or by choice of a patient.
VitaLink transportation services are available to North Carolina Memorial Hospital in Chapel
Hill, NC, or, Duke Hospital in Durham, NC, as necessary or as requested.
ki 'ti
The Town of Leland has a Brunswick County Park located behind the Post Office. The Park is
I 1 acres and contains the following facilities: 2 baseball fields (180' each), 1 concession stand
with restrooms, 3 picnic shelters, 1 playground, 1 community building (2,500 square feet), I
community building annex, and 1 (5v')district community building. Additional park areas are
needed in Town. In the vicinity of Leland, within 2 miles, is the Brunswick County's Northwest
Township Park. This Park consists of 35 acres and contains the following: 2 baseball/softball
fields (1 at 300' and 1 at 250', both lighted), I football/soccer field, 1 concession stand with
restrooms, 4 picnic shelters, 4 tennis courts, 2 basketball courts, 8 acres of practice area, and 1
playground.
Another park in the vicinity is the John D. Long Park in Belville. This park is located along NC
Highway 133 adjacent the Brunswick River at Belville. The park is operated by the Town of
Belville and contains boat ramps, waterfront parking and picnic areas. This park is in easy using
distance for the people of the Town of Leland.
The Town of Leland neither owns nor operates any public park or recreation type facilities. With
the population growth expected within the planning period for this document, it is entirely
possible that Leland will see the need for parks and parks personnel in the next 10 years. The
Town of Leland will request funds for the creation of a parks plan for the Town of Leland. This
plan, once prepared, will serve as more detailed guidance for recreation planning.
The Town of Leland has 10 full-time employees and I part-time employee. As follows: 1 Town
Manager/Code Enforcement Administrator, 1 Town Clerk/Finance Officer, 1 Deputy Town
Clerk/Tax Collector, 1 Maintenance Worker, 1 (part-time) Code Enforcement Officer, I Police
Chief, I Police Sergeant, 1 Detective/Sergeant, 1 Canine Handler/Police Officer, and 2 Police
Officers.
70 Fire and rescue operations are not municipal functions but are volunteer organizations.
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The Leland Volunteer Fire & Rescue is headed by Chiefs in the 2 areas:
Fire ---Bart Long Rescue Squad -----John Grimes
The phone number is 910-371-2727.
The fire and rescue efforts are based out of a station building located at 1002 Village Road,
Leland. The Leland Volunteer Fire & Rescue owns the building. This group consists of
volunteers (fire = 26/rescue = 14). They have a voluntary cooperative effort with Brunswick
County to provide coverage additional to that which might be otherwise provided solely by the
Leland volunteers. Equipment consist of 1 ambulance, I heavy rescue truck, 2 fire trucks (1
pumper & 1 ladder truck), and 1 (2F) boat for water rescue.. All equipment is stored in the
building.
(4) SOLID WASTE"
In the Town of Leland, at this writing, residential solid waste service (pick-up) occurs according
to a schedule set by individual property owners and the service provider. Commercial pick-up
occurs in the same way. Individuals may use any carrier they want to use. Many residents carry
their trash to a transfer station on Chappell Loop Road, just outside the Town limits (near
Belville). This has been the working situation in Town both before and since (1989)
incorporation.
As of July 1, 1998, solid waste in Bnmswick County will be collected once weekly for residential
property owners (rentors, leasees, etc.) at the curbside by Waste Industries. This is a part of a
new service being provided by Brunswick County for County residents. The number of
residences to be served is estimated (by Waste Industries) as between 45,000-50,000. This is the
beginning of a six year agreement between Bnmswick County and Waste Industries.
•J All solid waste in Brunswick County, after July 1, 1998, will be hauled to a transfer station on
Galloway Road, near Supply, from where it will be hauled to a regional landfill in Sampson
County. Yard waste and other vegetative debris will remain in Brunswick County.
Solid waste was formerly taken to the Brunswick County landfill in Supply. This facility was
approximately 25 miles from Leland. The County landfill was closed as of December 31, 1997,
since the landfill was not lined (State law required all landfills to be lined by 1998.)
The Town desires to work with Brunswick County in whatever way may be possible to provide
low cost solid waste service to residents and businesses. The Town of Leland feels that no
landfills should be located within less than a ten mile radius of Leland. (This point is elaborated
" Information in this LUPUP section was received from the Brunswick County
Operations Services Department and the County Engineering Office and from the management
staff at Waste Industries, 1-800-814-4544.
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upon in the LUPUP section on policies for growth and development.)
(5) POPULATION & ECONOMY
The population for the Town of Leland is expected to grow tremendously within the next ten
years. This anticipated growth will put strain on all operating systems within municipal
government. Leland plans to add services, as necessary, to service the growing population. As
previously mentioned, the most recent `official" figures for the population of Leland are as of
1996. These figures show the population as 2,155 persons. With a conservative projection for
current population, we have shown the 1998 population of Leland as 2,298.
Within the next ten years, Town officials estimate the growth rate will exceed all past records on
growth. The expected growth rate will be 4.5% per year72. If we use 1998 as the base year for
our computation of the growth in the traditional part of Leland for the ensuing ten year period,
we get a 2008 population of 3,566. In the newly annexed area of Magnolia Greens, there have
been approved 1,513 dwellings". Build out is expected for Magnolia Greens within ten years.
So, if we use a multiplier of 2.8 persons per household for this area", we get 4,236 persons in
Magnolia Greens in 2008. The total population of Leland for 2008 is expected to be (4,236 plus
3,566) 7,802. This represents a 362% growth rate within the 10 year period.
The economy of Leland is expected to grow within the planning period. However, the Town
does not wish to have heavy industry to locate in Town. New economic opportunity will be
market driven. As we have shown, the market in the area is increasing in size. Additional retail
shops are expected and desired The Town would like to have a more defined shopping area,
which is recognized as a plus for all those businesses who would choose to locate in such an area
Shopping which would be convenient to pedestrians would be most desirable. It is without
question that the commercial economy of Leland will grow within the next ten years. There will
need to be facilities built nearby to service the growing population. The Town will be willing to
work with entrepreneurs who wish to start up a business. New hotels/motels are expected to
move to Leland within the planning period.
72 The 4.5% growth rate figure for traditional Leland for 1998-08 was received from
Town Staff. This figure is an estimate based upon an analysis of current trends. For more
detailed information, contact Town staff.
73 The number of dwellings approved by the Town at Magnolia Greens are as follows:
Single Family — 808 units; Multi -Family -- 592 units; Patio/Cluster Homes —113 units.
74 The 2.8 persons per household figure is consistent with the number of persons per
household according to the U.S. Bureau of the Census in 1990.
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(6) LOCAL OBJECTIVES CONCERNING GROWTH
OLeland's growth will be consistent with the policies in this Land Use Plan.
❑Development projects will pay for their own improvements and infrastructure to be installed so
as not to place a burden on the current taxpayers.
OStrip development and an excessive number of curb cuts will be avoided in new development
and transportation planning.
OGrowth will be orderly and in all cases consistent with existing ordinances.
OPlanning Board and Town Council review of development projects will be equitable, rational,
and made through a well understood process.
�) O Me Town of Leland seeks to work with other area municipalities to provide better living
■ conditions and generally enhanced opportunities for all citizens.
CMe Town of Leland wishes to continue to grow. Policies and regulations will be regularly
reviewed, revised, and amended as necessary to accommodate any unusual, unique, or routine yet
overlooked, situations which may arise due to growth.
OLeland wishes to become a municipality which (as a bedroom community to the City of
Wilmington, New Hanover County, and Brunswick County) may provide citizens a quiet
residential place to live and an area of convenient shopping.
OLeland wishes to work with the Brunswick County School Board and system administrators to
provide for the best quality education services for the young people of our region.
❑Water and sewer system services will be provided to area customers by the North Brunswick
Sanitary District. The Town of Leland finds this to be an entirely acceptable situation. Town
officials in Leland will monitor the provision of services and will take the lead in promoting
change if any changes are deemed necessary through the accumulated voices of the citizenry.
OA system of local roads will need to be planned for the Town of Leland. The road system will
give direction to development interests and local officials. It is anticipated that the continuing
decision process which provides for the allocation of public resources for transportation will be
enhanced by such a plan.
UA community building is needed.
UA master drainage plan and stormwater controls are needed.
USafe, affordable, clean, and decent housing for low income persons is needed.
Summa= of Section 3• Estimated Demand
—The North Brunswick Sanitary District supplies water to the Town of Leland's residents.
—The water supply source for Leland and much of Brunswick County is the Cape Fear River.
—In 1998 there are 32 sewer system users in Leland.
—In 2008 there will be approximately 2,500 sewer customers inside the Town limits.
—Sewer service will be provided through a cooperative agreement by the Sanitary District.
—Needed treatment capacity for the year 2008 is 713,170 gpd.
—39,000 vehicles per day cross the Brunswick River bridge at Leland.
—Leland received $62,370 in Powell Bill funds in 1997-98.
—Of the 4 public schools attended by Leland students 2 are operating in excess of design
capacity.
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—The Town of Leland has 10 full-time (and 1 part-time) employees.
--Municipal solid waste is picked up at curbside on a weekly basis.
—Leland's population will grow from 2,155 in 1996, to 7,802 in 2008. This is a 362% growth.
Section 4: POLICIES FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENVs
Land Use Plans are policy documents. The Town of Leland recognizes that the basic information
on the Town which is contained in previous plan sections is for the purpose of helping the plan
user, who may be a Town official, a developer, or a local citizen, to understand the existing
situation in Leland so that appropriate public and private sector decisions can be made concerning
the future growth and development of the Town. The policies in this document are reflective of
the desires of the Town of Leland for future growth and development. These policies are also
consistent with the NC Coastal Resources Commission's Land Use Planning Guidelines.
It is important for Land Use Plan users to realize the vision of local leaders for this community
for the planning period. The plan section on policy, which follows, gives plan users an extensive
view of this picture. In summary, the Town of Leland is a bustling regional business center for
the southern section of Brunswick County. The Town is poised on the brink of some booming
residential growth and continuing growth in new businesses. The Town is sensitive to the natural
environment and the preservation of those natural amenities and conditions which may be
impacted by the activities of man and seeks to allow only development activity which will fit in
and will allow minimal environmental degradation. The Town expects accelerated residential
growth through the planning period. Additionally, the Town expects expanded commercial
growth. The Town of Leland will strive to maintain the small Town character which it currently
exhibits and will seek to accommodate and to welcome new businesses, residents, and visitors
within the community.
For each of the policies listed in this section the Town of Leland has considered a planning period
of ten years. Previous plan policies were used within this document and new policies were also
added. In each instance, alternative policies have also been considered and these alternatives
have been analyzed. Those policy choices made by Leland officials are what herein follows.
(1) RESOURCE PROTECTION— Special Issues
The Town of Leland realizes that development pressure is increasing. As with all other residents
and visitors, they see the results of area development activity everyday. The Town Council and
the Planning Board realize the need to develop a consensus and direction about the future of
Leland. The protection of natural resources is recognized as an important component in quality
of life. Leland residents have expressed, through the process of Land Use Plan development, a
desire to preserve and protect the natural environment.
75 Land Use Plan policies are marked with a check (ram.

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I(a) -Site Planning for Water Oualie
Site planning is the intentional thought given to the placement of uses onto the land before they
are built. The process of site planning has been practiced since the earliest times when man
studied the landscape for the best location for an agricultural field or primitive hut. The decision
was based upon information gathered through observation and through experience gained from
previous successes or failures. We continue today to face challenge of siting our uses in the most
beneficial manner which does not conflict with the balance of natural resources.
Among the most important natural resources we must protect are surface waters which occur in
the form of rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, bays, sounds, and wetlands. The use of our surface
waters can be impaired by pollutants and sediments carried to them by stormwater runoff. When
rainfall falls on undeveloped land, the natural vegetation covering the ground intercepts the
individual drops and allows the rainwater to be gently returned to surface water and groundwater.
When the natural vegetation and topography of the land are changed by development, the
' contours are smoothed and the landscape covered with hardened surfaces (e.g., rooftops, parking
areas, etc.). This change results in decreased infiltration and increased runoff traveling at a
higher velocity with increased erosive potential and greater ability to carry suspended and
dissolved materials over much larger distances. These materials may ultimately be deposited into
surface waters as non -point source pollution.
Individuals and local governments involved in the development of land have the potential to
make a great impact in reducing the amount pollutants which enter our surface waters through
stormwater nmoff. Leland supports statewide efforts to maintain and improve surface water
quality by reducing nonpoint source impacts of runoff.
The earliest consideration for stormwater management in the design process should occur through
gathering, mapping, and interpreting information about the site. In order to understand the
relationship of the existing natural systems to changes that will occur as a result of development,
the existing site conditions must first be mapped onto a base map of the site. A base map depicts
the two and three dimensional aspects of land and includes such components as the site boundary
and topography which provide a basis for subsequent decisions about the project design.
An understanding of site topography is the basis for comprehending the movement of water on
site. Water runs downhill— it will flow in a perpendicular direction from a contour of higher
elevation to one of lower elevation. Contours which are spaced close together on a topographic
map represent land which is steep; flatter land has contours spaced farther apart. As land
becomes steeper, runoff flows faster and has more energy to erode soil and to carry pollutants and
sediments. For this reason, topography is useful to depict not only the direction of flow on a site,
but also to gain an understanding of water velocity.
76 Excerpts from "Streamlines," NC Division of Water Quality.
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It is very important to consider slope when designing a site plan for development. Developed
areas with steeper slopes allow runoff to pass through more quickly, increasing the potential for
downstream flooding and decreasing the chance for infiltration. Wherever possible, it is best to
make land uses follow the contours of the site and leave steep slopes undisturbed Following
contours with land uses, instead of crossing them, will enable structures to fit into the land more
naturally and require Iess grading. Since more of the natural earth is left intact, less vegetation
will need to be disturbed Also, the development will be more stable and less likely to erode.
The description of the drainage patterns and other features related to the activity of water on a site
is known as the hydrology. Sometimes runoff collects into channels and is carried to streams or
lakes; other times, the rainfall will not become runoff but will be absorbed or infiltrated into the
ground. The drainage characteristics of a site are generally determined by the attributes of the
land such as topography, soil types, and vegetation.
To gain an understanding of the surface hydrology of a site, its features can be mapped using
symbols for streams, standing water, wetlands, infiltration areas, floodpiains, and other existing
conditions. Direction of flow and routing can be indicated with arrows. Even at the conceptual
level of design, an effort should be made to increase the distance over which stormwater flows
and slow it down so that pollutants and suspended materials are given a chance to filter out.
It should be a goal at the outset of the design to preserve and maintain the existing hydrology of a
site. In a natural drainage system, the network of channels, depressions, floodplains, and
infiltration areas has had time to become stabilized. When land is developed and natural drainage
patterns are changed, the surface flow must be accommodated in some manner. The curbing,
catch basins, and pipes found in a typical development design replace natural channels in their
ability to collect and carry flow quantity, but offer little in control of water quality.
The most effective methods of stormwater runoff management incorporate a simulation of the
functions which occur under natural conditions. Methods of this type serve to slow runoff
velocity which reduces erosive potential, allows particulate ans suspended materials to settle out,
and encourages porous areas to absorb surface runoff.
Site planning for an individual parcel using an integrated approach involves the creation of a site
specific management plan with a combination of preventative measures (site design, location of
uses), source reduction practices (minimizing disturbance), and control measures (BW's). An
early step in design should be the preparation of a conceptual plan locating major building
components and their accessory uses, vehicular and pedestrian circulation patterns, required
elements such as set backs and buffers, and other features onto the base map of the site.
The conceptual plan is the most opportune part of the design process during which careful
consideration and judgement can be used in the siting of buildings and features so that the final
plan will result in a cost effective and efficient stormwater management system. Guidelines to
help design for water quality include the following:
* minimize impervious surfaces
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* cluster development in upland areas
* minimize disturbance of vegetation
* keep natural drainage patterns intact
* use overland sheet flow
* route flow over long distances
* keep runoff velocities low
* do not discharge runoff directly to surface waters
* use non-structural controls
* maximize on -site, off-line storage
r Many non -point sources of pollution in urban runoff are associated with impervious surfaces.
IJ Limiting the density of development allows a greater portion of a site to remain in a natural state;
and since less of the site is built -upon, there will be fewer sources of pollutants to contribute to
the flow. Buildings, transportation components, and their associated exterior paved surfaces
account for the majority of impervious area found on a typical plan for development. Since these
"built -upon" areas are the source of the majority of new runoff which is generated on a site, they
offer the greatest opportunity to reduce the quantity of runoff through design modifications. The
design of buildings can be modified to make more efficient use of space and disturb less land.
Streets can be narrowed to a more reasonable yet functional width. Also, certain materials which
are selected for exterior areas (e.g., wood decking) are more porous and can allow a greater
amount of rainfall to infiltrate.
One means of limiting development density is by clustering land uses into a smaller portion of the
site and leaving a percentage of the project area as open space. Locating facilities away from
surface waters and providing ample riparian buffers will help to control the quality of surface
runoff entering waterways. An increased amount of open space also will allow for a greater
amount of rainfall and runoff to be infiltrated. The efficiency of land use on a site may be
improved by integrating stormwater management into the open space and landscape elements of a
plan.
In order to reduce velocity and pollutant load, stormwater runoff generated by the impervious
portions of the site should be routed through natural conveyances which will create longer travel
times, provide some means of filtering or capturing pollutants, and allow for absorption of a
portion of the runoff. Buffer strips of vegetation along waterways will help to prevent pollution
by capturing pollutants and sediments in runoff before they enter the open water. In general, the
existing vegetation on a site should be identified and left undisturbed wherever possible. Existing
vegetation left intact helps protect water quality in the following ways:
* Areas left in a naturally vegetated state reduce the total amount of impervious surface area on a
project thereby reducing the quantity of runoff generated and maintaining the natural porosity of
the soil.
* A vegetative canopy intercepts rainfall and disperses its erosive energy before reaching'the
ground.
* Intact root systems hold soil in place and reduce surface erosion.
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s Vegetated areas can be used as buffers and natural filtering mechanisms if runoff is directed
into these areas at a reasonable rate.
The design of a stormwater system which is different from the standard solution of curb inlets,
catch basins, and pipes presents a challenge. Over time, the use of enclosed piped systems has
become an accepted solution to control localized flooding in many urban areas. Since the use of
this type of system is well understood and can be engineered cost-effectively, it has been
encouraged and even required in many areas. However, this methodology focuses on quantity
control and ignores the quality aspect of stormwater. The use of grass swales instead of pipes or
lined ditches will allow runoff to be slowed and filtered as it is transported. Where space allows,
a broader swale with regularly spaced check -dams should be used to keep velocities low and
prevent erosion from occurring.
Storage devices such as wet detention ponds, dry detention ponds, stormwater wetlands, and bio-
retention areas are intended to hold runoff for a period of time and release it slowly back into the
surface water system. During the time that runoff is being held, pollutants and sediments are
given the opportunity
It will be the policy of the Town of Leland to create a process of site planning for the protection
of water quality which will take into consideration all aspects of the development proposal.
Clustering is the close grouping of structures, which may share common walls, floors, ceilings,
and roofs as well as other outdoor areas such as recreation and parking facilities. The most
common form of cluster development encompasses residential structures in an urban context,
such as townhouses, condominiums, and apartments. However, modem clustering may include
multiple uses from detached residential to commercial to light industrial in a "neo-traditional"
land use pattern. In accommodating the wishes of new development projects, the Town of
Leland has allowed clustering of residential land uses.
Using cluster development, construction can be concentrated in one or more areas of a site,
allowing the protection of sensitive resource areas and the conservation of open space.
Conventional development tends to sprawl to cover most of the buildable land with individual
tracts in a "cookie -cutter" approach. Minimum lot sizes and setback requirements can create
parcels that are set apart from adjacent ones with little coordination of design between them.
Building footprints, combined with individual driveways and other paved areas, add up to
excessive impervious cover and the potential degradation of water quality due to non -point source
pollution.
" Excerpts from "Streamlines," NC Division of Water Quality.
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Clustering is an alternative to traditional design; it is intended to lead toward a more livable and
less environmentally impacting method of land development. Clustering modifies minimum lot
size requirements and/or setback distances— sometimes a difficult task with zoning ordinances —
in order to conserve land. Houses are typically placed closer together and targeted away from
naturally sensitive features. Individual driveways and parking areas may be consolidated to
conserve even more space. The resultant open area is then available for use as a park, buffer, or
wildlife habitat. Many homeowners fear cluster development, thinking it will lead to devaluation
of nearby single family detached housing; but, not surprisingly, homes in clustered arrangements
often increase in value faster than conventional properties because of the nearby presence of the
open space and the recreational amenities available. Also, due to the close proximity of the
homes and the shared open space, cluster communities tend to have more of an `bid -fashioned
neighborhood" type of feel to them.
Clustering serves economic, environmental, social, and aesthetic purposes. The following points
summarize some of the benefits of clustering development:
* Allows for the preservation of environmentally sensitive areas
* Can reduce construction and infrastructure costs and provide for
better utilization of land
* Can reduce impervious surface areas, thereby reducing
stormwater runoff and associated water quality impacts
* Preserves rural (or neighborhood) aesthetic and social character
by conserving open space
* Enhances neighborhood security and sense of community through
increased density without compromising privacy
* Allows for more efficient (less expensive) subdivision layout by
requiring less paved area utility lines per unit
* Increased open space provided usually has a direct relation to
increased property values
* May provide for better public or community access to a natural or
recreational feature
Clustering may help to provide buffers which help protect water quality.
S Early in the development planning process, environmentally sensitive areas may be identified and
their boundaries delineated on development plans. Sensitive areas may include steep slopes,
wetlands, flood prone areas, riparian corridors, wildlife habitat, etc. Many of these sensitive
areas are located adjacent to creeks rivers and streams. Retaining natural or forested buffers
along waterways helps preserve the important functions of these sensitive areas.
W Natural buffers have many benefits that make them valuable best management practices for
protecting water quality and other resource values. The value of forested and vegetative buffers
has been recognized in North Carolina, and they have become an important tool in the state's
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water quality management program. For example, the water supply watersheV protection rules
require that new developments maintain natural or vegetative buffers around all perennial waters
with a minimum width of 30 feet for low density development and a minimum 100 feet buffer for
high density development. The buffer is measured landward from the normal pool elevation of
impounded structures and from the bank of each side of streams or rivers. No new development
(i.e.: built -upon area) is allowed in the buffer. Water dependent structures or other structures
such as flagpoles, signs, and security lights, which result in only diminishing impervious surface
areas, and public projects such as road crossings and greenways, may be allowed where no
practical alternative exists.
Runoff from developed areas should never be piped through a culvert directly into the adjacent
water body or be discharged into buffers in a concentrated flow. To the extent practicable,
stormwater runoff should enter buffers in a sheet flow manner to maximize the infiltration of
runoff and allow the filtering of pollutants from runoff. If preserved and managed properly,
buffers can be a valuable tool in protecting a community's water supply.
Buffer Benefits
* Protects water quality by filtering pollutants from runoff
* Provides shade to help cool water temperatures and maintains dissolved oxygen
concentrations
s Infiltrates and slows runoff, reducing peak flows and downstream flooding
* Provides valuable habitat for fish and wildlife
* Stabilizes streambanks, reducing sedimentation problems
* Helps preserve the aesthetic quality of riparian areas
• Increases adjacent property values ,
* Provides areas for appropriate recreational activities
LAND USE PLAN POLICY STATEMENTS
The statements herein following represent the official policy position of the Town of Leland on
the topical areas described. The policy categories shown are important for every municipality or
county to consider within the scope of any comprehensive plan. It is the intent of the Town of
Leland that all future ordinances, ordinance amendments and revisions, and any projects
involving local, State or federal property, funding, or permitting, will be consistent with the
policies contained herein.
(2) RESOURCE PROTECTION— Policy Statements
a) -basic statement on resources protection
✓(2)(a)(1) We must preserve, protect, and enhance the area's natural resources because the
" There are no water supply watersheds in Leland's planning jurisdiction.

quality of our environment is an important ingredient in our overall quality of life, including our
potential for continued economic growth.
✓(2)(a)(2) The protection of our resources shall be pursued in a regional context with area -wide
planning through a political process that favors long term goals over short term interests and
provides accountability for the implementation of the goals and policies stated herein.
✓(2)(a)(3) Leland supports all protection efforts and encourages acquisition of areas with a high
resource value by the State of NC or area land trusts.
✓(2)(a)(4) Short-sighted or premature commitments of the area's natural resources shall be
avoided
✓(2)(a)(5) Efforts by other governmental and private agencies to wisely manage the natural
resources of the area and the region shall be supported.
✓(2)(a)(6) The Town of Leland will protect the Town's natural resources through the
enforcement of adopted ordinances, which will be consistent with Land Use Plan policy, and
through the identification and recognition of issues which may arise which will need attention.
Leland wishes to protect and to conserve resources through site evaluations, enforcement of
building codes, subdivision and zoning ordinance development and enforcement, and through the
consistency provision of the Coastal Area Management Act (consistency with policies in this
Land Use Plan). The Town will cooperate with State and federal agency regulatory
requirements. The Town will also continue to seek to work with Brunswick County government
' to offer the best quality of life possible to area residents.
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Implementation: Zoning Ordinance— Subdivision Regulations— Resolution— Local Land
Use Regulation— Letters of Support— Intergovernmental Coordination
b}constraints to development
✓(2)(b)(1) Leland's planning area consists of several soil types which have severe limitations for
development (including septic tank placement and building foundations). The limitations are due
primarily to either wetness, poor filtration, or ponding. At the same time, the Town does not
currently have a centralized sewer system. Most of the land area, however, consists of soil types
with moderate to slight limitations for development. It is the policy of the Town of Leland to
pursue a centralized sewer system.
✓(2)(b)(2) Because of the possible presence of archaeological resources in previously
undisturbed areas the Town of Leland believes that all development plans in such areas should be
carefully reviewed prior to approval. Also, should any archaeological resources be discovered,
the State Division of Archives and History will be contacted.
✓(2)(b)(3) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to minimize development and to encourage low
intensity land uses (i.e., open space and/or recreational type uses) in areas subject to natural or
man-made hazardous conditions.
✓(2)(b)(4) Development and redevelopment activity in Leland should always happen in a way
which minimizes adverse impacts to neighboring property owners and future owners of the
property being developed. Cultural and environmental artifacts or species which are irreplaceable
or limited in number should be protected.
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✓(2)(b)(5) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to limit development activity in those areas
which have unsuitable soils for the use proposed.
✓(2)(b)(6) The Town supports continuing participation in the National Flood Insurance
Program.
✓(2)(b)(7) It is the policy of the Town of Leland that any proposed projects which may be
considered should be consistent with the existing focus and long-range plans of this community.
Those people that propose projects should design and build appropriate infrastructure, including
transportation facilities (to accommodate any increases in traffic). These facilities shall include,
but not be limited to the following types of roads: arterial, collector and local roads, pedestrian
walkways and bike paths and lanes.
Implementation: Zoning Ordinance— Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance —
Sedimentation & Erosion Control Planning— Capital Facilities Planning— Transportation
Planning— Subdivision Regulations
c)-appropriate land uses in AEC's
✓(2)(c)(1) The Town will cooperate with other permitting agencies, including NC DCM
(CAMA), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the Brunswick County Health Department, to
restrict and regulate development in coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, and public trust areas.
Land uses in these areas which are not consistent with the regulations and/or State and federal
environmental protection regulations, will not be permitted.
✓(2)(c)(2) Residential and commercial development may be permitted in estuarine shoreline
areas consistent with State regulations on development activity therein.
✓(2)(c)(3) Leland recognizes that the public has certain established "public trust rights" to
certain land and water areas. These public areas also support recreational fisheries, waterfowl
hunting, tourism, and are also of significant aesthetic value. The presence of Leland's public
trust waters may well be a valuable untapped asset in helping to provide additional recreation
resources for the Town.
✓(2)(c)(4) Coastal Wetlands --The fast priority of uses of land in these areas should be the
allowance of uses which promote conservation of these sensitive areas. Conservation means no
allowance of activity which will impose irreversible damage to the wetlands. Uses which require
water access and water dependant uses such as utility easements, fishing piers, docks, and
bulkheads will be allowed, but must adhere to the regulations (15A NCAC 7H) described for the
coastal area by the NC Coastal Resources Commission. Shoreline access facilities which may
impact coastal wetlands and which are permittable by NC DCM are favored by the Town of
Leland.
✓(2)(c)(5) The presence of coastal wetlands (i.e., regularly flooded salt marsh areas containing
certain plant species) is not as significant in Leland as in some other coastal communities. Most
of what could be termed wetlands in the Town consists of small pockets and fringe areas of
spartina alternaflora. Any development activity in coastal wetlands will be strictly regulated
according to the State's rules and regulations. Freshwater wetlands, which may exist within
AEC's, may be developed according to regulations enforced by Brunswick County, the State of
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North Carolina, the federal government, and the Town of Leland. These areas may contain and
sustain remnant species and a variety of types of wildlife habitats. These are important natural
resources to Leland.
✓(2)(c)(6) In order to promote the quality of the area waters as well as minimithe likelihood
of significant property loss due to erosion or flooding, Leland will permit only those uses which
are compatible with both the dynamic nature of the estuarine shorelines and the natural values of
the estuarine shoreline consistent with the rules promulgated by the NC CRC and other state and
federal regulations. Residential, recreational, and commercial uses may be permitted within the
estuarine shoreline, provided that:
(a) A substantial chance of pollution occurring from the development does not exist.
(b) Natural barriers to erosion are preserved and not substantially weakened or
eliminated
(c) The construction of impervious surfaces and areas not allowing natural drainage is
limited to that necessary for development.
(d) Standards of the NC Sedimentation Pollution Control Act of 1978, as amended,
are met.
(e) Development does not have a significant adverse impact on estuarine resources.
(f) Development does not significantly interfere with existing public rights or access
to, or use of, navigable waters or public resources. Leland recognizes the
Brunswick and Cape Fear Rivers are effected by a large watershed basin. Storm
water runoff, from various types of development, whether urban or rural in nature,
can effect the water's quality. The Town believes that a detailed, comprehensive
storm water management/drainage plan needs to be developed locally. This plan
should consider stormwater management as well as water quality concerns.
✓(2)(c)(7) Leland will promote the conservation and management of its public trust waters.
Appropriate uses include those allowed in estuarine waters. The protection of public trust rights
for navigation and recreation are important to the Town of Leland. Projects which would directly
or indirectly block or impair existing navigation channels, increase shoreline erosion, deposit
spoil below mean high water, cause adverse water circulation patterns, violate water quality
standards, or cause degradation of shellfish waters or fin fish propagation areas, shall generally
not be allowed. Allowable uses shall be those which do not cause detriment to the physical or
biological functions of public trust areas. Such uses as navigational channels, drainage ditches,
bulkheads to prevent erosion, or piers or docks shall be allowed, consistent with State and federal
regulations, and other Town development policies.
✓(2)(c)(8) The Town of Leland wishes to prohibit the use of estuarine waters, estuarine
shorelines, and public trust areas by development activity which would result in significant
adverse impact to the natural fimction of these areas.
✓(2)(c)(9) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to only allow development activity in AEC's
which is consistent with State and federal regulations and local ordinances.
Implementation: Enforcement of NC CRC Rules & Regulations— Protection of 404
Wetlands & Navigation Channels by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers— Local Ordinances —
Local Stormwater Planning & Enforcement—
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d}water quality problems and management measures designed to reduce surface water quality
problems
✓(2)(d)(1) Priority shall be given to environmental concerns, in particular water quality, when
considering the construction and maintenance of transportation facilities.
✓(2)(d)(2) A storm water management plan shall be created and implemented to minimise non -
point source pollution as part of any redevelopment or infrastructure project over 1 acre in size.
✓(2)(d)(3) The Town of Leland will develop a priority list for areas that should be provided
with sewer services, based on environmental concerns, water quality concerns and servicing
costs.
✓(2)(d)(4) The Town of Leland will adopt regulations which will have as a goal the
minimization of the amount of impervious surfaces in Town.
✓(2)(d)(5) It is Town policy to minimize further deterioration of the areas streams water quality
and loss of public trust uses in the creeks and sounds and to bring all waters up to the highest
quality possible.
✓(2)(d)(6) The Town will pursue Clean Water Management Trust Fund grants, as available for
planning and acquisition of buffer areas.
✓(2)(d)(7) The Town will pursue NC DCM grants for planning projects which will improve area
water quality.
✓(2)(d)(8) Leland seeks to carefully control development activities within area watersheds to
prevent the degradation of water quality in the creeks and rivers and to ensure the protection of
these vital natural resources.
✓(2)(d)(9) Leland will allow uses of shoreline and public trust waters that provide benefits to the
public and which satisfy the riparian access needs of private property owners.
Implementation: Local Stormwater Planning— Application for Grant Funds for Purchase
of Buffers— Zoning Ordinance— Subdivision Regulations— State Regulations
e}protection of wetlands
✓(2)(e)(1) Leland will not encourage development in locations with soil limitations for
foundations.
✓(2)(e)(2) Coastal wetlands shall be protected according to the AEC requirements
✓(2)(e)(3) Leland believes that high density development should be directed away from
wetlands areas.
✓(2)(e)(4) The Town of Leland acknowledges that the burden of wetlands protection has fallen
to local governments because State and federal agencies are not doing enough to protect these
resources. Leland sees an important land use issue where nobody knowledgeable about the issue
seems to be in charge (with the exception of NC DCM when 404 wetlands are within the AEC)
and where management of the destruction of these areas seems to have taken precedence over
regulatory efforts to preserve and protect them.
Implementation: Local Ordinances—U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 404 Wetlands
Program
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f)—flood hazard areas
✓(2)(f)(1) Leland will permit development to take place in noted flood hazard areas, consistent
with Leland's enforcement of the Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance.
✓(2)(f)(2) A significant amount of land in Leland, located primarily adjacent to the Brunswick
River and Sturgeon Creek, is located in the 100 year flood zone, according to the maps prepared
by FEMA (the Federal Emergency Management Administration). Some of this area has already
been developed. The majority of the area remains undeveloped. The Town enforces a Flood
Damage Prevention Ordinance and requires new building construction to conform to special
development standards in flood hazard areas.
Implementation: Leland's Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance— Zoning Ordinance —
Subdivision Regulations—
g) -outstanding resource waters
✓(2)(g)(1) These waters are classified by the NC Division of Water Quality. They are
recognized as being the highest quality waters in the State of North Carolina. ORW's are defined
as being unique and special surface waters that are of exceptional State or national significance
and which have exceptional water quality. There are no ORW's within Leland's jurisdiction.
Leland supports the identification and designation of these waters by the NC DWQ.
Implementation: NC DWQ Regulations
h)--local resource develo=ent issues
✓(2)(h)(1) A basic statement of policy — The Town of Leland has developed and will continue
to enforce its own local land use controls. These ordinances regulate development in all of
Leland's planning jurisdiction, excepting the waters of Sturgeon Creek (which are public trust
waters which are regulated by the NC CRC staffed by the NC DCM). The Town enforces zoning
and subdivision regulations and other land use controls. Building inspections in Leland are done
through a cooperative arrangement with Brunswick County.
✓(2)(h)(2) It is Leland's policy to ensure the provision of adequate landscaping and tree
protection for parking lots, residential areas, and commercial and industrial projects.
✓(2)(h)(3) Leland's long range policy is to establish a comprehensive system of trails and
greenways.
✓(2)(h)(4) It is Town policy to eliminate illegal trash dumping and local landfills through strict
monitoring and enforcement of local ordinances.
✓(2)(h)(5) The Town of Leland will work to ensure the compatibility of surrounding land uses
within the vicinity of the Leland Industrial Park. (The Industrial Park is not in Leland's planning
jurisdiction.)
✓(2)(h)(6) Leland will work in cooperation with area local governments to require that industrial
permitting on the Brunswick and Cape Fear Rivers does not exceed the carrying capacity of these
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rivers.
✓(2)(h)(7) The Town of Leland wishes to preserve a certain percentage of its planning area in a
"natural" or "open area" state. The means by which the Town of Leland proposes to accomplish
this is by continuing to allow agricultural and forestry type uses through the Town's Zoning
Ordinance. This type of activity is expected to occur in the outlying areas of Town and near the
Industrial Park. The purpose of this policy is to allow the Town some means of maintaining a
somewhat small Town Waal ideal type of community in the face of continuing development
pressure. The rights of private property owners will be respected.
6/(2)(h)(8) The Town of Leland will consider the acceptance of donated property for the purpose
of holding such property or for some specific designated future purpose, such as recreation or
municipal or community type uses, and wishes to encourage persons who may consider such a
gift to contact Town staff or the Mayor. The Town also encourages donations of such property to
Land Trusts or other conservation type organizations. The operation and maintenance of game
preserves is consistent with Town policy.
✓(2)(h)(9) The Town of Leland recognizes the historic and environmental importance of its
waterfront. The Town wishes to take the steps necessary to turn this waterfront into a viable
community asset. The Town will work with waterfront property owners to encourage activity
which will allow residents and visitors to enjoy the waterfront area. The Town will seek funding
to create and implement a Master Plan for Recreation as a part of this policy.
Implementation: Local Ordinances— Intergovernmental Cooperation— Public -Private
Sector Cooperation—
i)—hazardous or fragile land areas (freshwater swamps. pocosins. 404 wetlands, cultural and
historic areas. water supply areas. man made hazards)
✓(2)(i)(1) There has been no official documentation of cultural (historic/archaeologic) resources
in Leland to date. Local residents have expressed the need for a comprehensive survey of the
Town. Because of its location on the Brunswick River, according to NC Division of Archives
and History, it is likely that the Leland area has hosted both prehistoric and historic settlements.
Leland supports the inventory of properties required to identify such sites and will strive to
protect these resources once identified through its land use regulations.
✓(2)(i)(2) There are no major man-made hazards in Leland. The Town believes that any
existing (and unknown) or possible future man-made hazard (built or discovered) should be
reviewed and analyzed carefully for possible safety hazards as early as possible. In any case
regulatory compliance will be mandatory for all projects to be constructed or reconstructed
✓(2)(i)(3) Leland shall consider cultural resources preservation as a goal of planning for any
land use. This includes economic development activity, housing for all income levels, and
transportation.
✓(2)(i)(4) The Town of Leland supports County, State, and federal regulations and policies
which provide for continuing protection of those "fragile areas" discussed within this land Use
Plan.
✓(2)(i)(5) Freshwater Swamps: Development activity in these areas must be consistent with the
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current federal rules and regulations governing wetlands development activity. It is the policy of
the Town that development activity is discouraged in swamps, marshes, and allowed in wetlands
according to regulatory requirements.
✓(2)(i)(6) Man Made Hazard Areas: It is the policy of the Town to promote clean industry and
to mitigate hazards. It is the policy of the Town to oppose hazardous and noxious or dangerous
facilities which may wish to locate within Leland.
✓(2)(i)(7) It is the policy of the Town to preserve historic lands and properties. Development
activity which would negatively effect historic or archaeologic resources will be considered in
light of the ways these resources may be preserved or protected. Any outright destruction or
elimination of a resource of this type is prohibited by Town of Leland policy.
✓(2)(i)(8) The Town of Leland will rely upon the North Brunswick Sanitary District and
Brunswick County to notify them well in advance of any foreseeable problems concerning the
regional sanitary sewerage system or the water supply.
✓(2)(i)(9) The Town of Leland considers its groundwater supply as extremely important and
encourages conservation and reuse of water resources whenever possible. Alternative measures
for conservation (such as the recycling of water) will be encouraged in Leland.
✓(2)(i)(10) The Town of Leland supports and encourages the North Carolina Division of Water
Quality and the NC Division of Coastal Management in their efforts to educate the public on
water quality issues. Specifically, the Town supports and will consider participation in the NC
DWQ 2050) Water Quality Planning Program, with the Cape Fear Council of Governments. The
Town also supports the NC DWQ 319 grants program.
✓(2)(i)(11) The Town of Leland is a participant and a full supporter of the NC DCM Planning &
Access program. The Town of Leland also looks forward to future participation with the Clean
Water Management Trust Fund grant programs and possible receipt of program funds.
✓(2)(i)(12) The Town of Leland offers full support for programs which will help to provide
cleaner water and will continue to work to preserve water quality in the area through compliance
with State and federal regulations and through the enactment of local regulations.
✓(2)(i)(13) The Town of Leland will request funding assistance for the preparation of a
stormwater drainage plan within the planning period covered by this document.
✓(2)(i)(14) It is Town policy to support and protect wildlife and wildlife habitat. Areas in Town
which become designated as public or private wildlife sanctuaries, and which are a suitable
environment for wildlife, shall be fully supported by the Town. Areas which are privately owned
shall be the responsibility of the owner. The Town would consider acceptance of a gift or an
inheritance of land for the purpose of preservation. Land lying fallow, whether it be woodland or
field (and not being used for storage of any type), is completely consistent with Town policy and
is supported Any unused land which may be donated for public purposes to the Town, the State,
or to a Land Trust, would be consistent with Town policy intent.
✓(2)(i)(15) Town policy on development activity within those areas which are adjacent to
ORW's is that the development should be low density type development. Activities which have
the potential for degrading these water; through accident or through time by increased use are
discouraged and may be prohibited by the regulatory powers of the local government within the
jurisdiction where these waters exist and through State regulation. The Town of Leland supports
the NC DWQ's designation of ORW's.
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✓(2)(i)(16) The Town, in general, supports preservation of areas which are suitable for
agricultural activity on a statewide basis and within Leland. This support and approval does not
extend to agriculture livestock type operations which the Town will not allow within its
jurisdiction and which the Town of Leland feels is an issue which should be regulated by
immediately amending the NC General Statutes to clearly and without qualification allow for
County zoning of such uses.
Implementation: Local Ordinances— State & Federal Regulations— Grant Programs
Assistance Requests— Work with Public -Private Interested Agencies or Individuals
j}-means of protection for potable water sunnly
✓(2)0)(1) As discussed previously, the Town of Leland's water service comes from the North
Brunswick Sanitary District, which in turn purchases water from the Brunswick County water
system. The County draws its water from a surface water supply watershed (the upstream area of
the Cape Fear River). The system is therefore not based on groundwater. Land uses near
groundwater sources are regulated by the NC Division of Water Quality (Groundwater Section).
Leland recognizes the importance of protecting its potable water supplies and therefore supports
the enforcement of these regulations.
✓(2)6)(2) Leland policy is to work to ensure that all land use and development decisions protect
our groundwater aquifers.
✓(2)0)(3) The Town of Leland will work with other area local governments and agencies to
conserve and protect the best sources of area potable surface water and groundwater.
✓(2)0)(4) The Town of Leland supports the NC Division of Water Quality (NC DWQ) and
those rules protecting surface water supply watersheds. The Town of Leland supports the NC
Division of Water Quality (Groundwater Section) efforts to enforce violations and to offer
assistance to those persons or entities interested in construction and development type activity
which has a potential to effect groundwater resources. The Town fully supports the NC Division
of Water Quality's (NC DWQ) rules regarding development activity near groundwater source
areas. Town policy is to enhance the protection of these areas and to provide for groundwater
recharge areas consistent with NC DWQ's rules. The Town will support and report any violation
of those rules designed by the NC DWQ to protect this resource.
✓(2)(j)(5) The Town of Leland supports water conservation efforts.
Implementation: NC DQW (Groundwater Section) Rules and Regulations), Health
Department Regulations— Local Ordinances
k}use of package treatment plants and rernrirements — statements on the ongoing 12Eiyate
operation and maintenance of the plant and provisions for public assumption should the private
operation fail
✓(2)(k)(1) In the absence of a centralized sewer system, all new and existing dwellings should
have properly installed and functioning septic tanks. This will help minimize the likelihood of
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rgroundwater and surface water pollution from septic tanks. The Town will rely on decisions
rendered by the Brunswick County Health Department regarding soil suitability for septic tanks
and required distances from domestic water sources.
✓(2)(k)(2) There is limited public sewer service in Leland's planning jurisdiction. Such service
consists of a publicly owned package treatment plant serving two shopping centers and a portion
of the Magnolia Greens Subdivision. It is the policy of Leland to restrict, and possibly prohibit,
construction of additional package plants unless they are deemed necessary and can be
' constructed within the overall intent of this plan and meet federal and State environmental
regulations. Until public sewer is available, package treatment plants or connection to the
existing system, will be required for all new commercial development. All new commercial
development shall connect to the Town of Leland's sewer system as soon as capacity is available.
✓(2)(k)(3) The Town has applied for funds through the FHA (Farmer's Home Administration)
and has entered into an agreements with Brunswick County, the North Brunswick Sanitary
District and the Town of Navassa to construct a regional sewer collection and treatment system.
✓(2)(k)(4) The Town of Leland will seek to eliminate spillage and runoff of sewage into area
rivers and creeks.
✓(2)(k)(5) It is Town policy that all new developments are required to connect to the public
sewage systems, as available.
✓(2)(k)(6) Leland supports all efforts to minimize surface and groundwater pollution from
wastewater sources.
✓(2)(k)(7) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to require annexation of areas desiring the
extension of sewage treatment capacity.
Implementation: Brunswick County Health Department Regulations— Local Ordinances —
Grants Program Assistance (CDBG, FHA, etc. Intergovernmental Cooperation on Services
Provision— Subdivision Regulations
I)-stormwater runoff associated with agriculture residential development mining_gperations and
surface waters
✓(2)(1)(1) Consistent with previously discussed policies on development within area watersheds
(mentioned on pages 65,66,69, and 70), Leland wants to see the currently identified Brunswick
River primary nursery area protected from undue encroachment, damage, or pollution from direct
water run-off or other causes. In the currently undeveloped areas adjacent the primary nursery
areas (i.e., Brunswick River) allowable development densities and lot coverage should be kept
low. Certain non -water dependent uses such as commercial development, may also be
determined to be inappropriate in these areas.
✓(2)(1)(2) Stotmwater runoff from urban development (such as streets) could adversely affect
the quality of the waters within and around Leland's planning jurisdiction. The Town of Leland
will, through its contract with the County and through local regulation, attempt to see that
development is sensitive to the problem of water run-off. The Town will explore the need to
adopt locally the State sedimentation and erosion control regulations.
✓(2)(1)(3) The costs of storm water management, which are associated with an area's rapid
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growth, will be equitably distributed
✓(2)(1)(4) The proponents (and beneficiaries) of development activity will be responsible for the
costs of storm water management associated with private development projects.
✓(2)(1)(5) Leland will work, whenever possible, to require the retention and management of
natural vegetation in buffer areas along its creeks and rivers.
✓(2)(1)(6) Leland seeks to develop a buffer acquisition program to preserve, maintain, and
protect our water quality.
✓(2)(1)(7) The Town supports NC Division of Water Quality regulations regarding stormwater
runoff resulting from development activity. It is Town policy that intensive growth and
development will not be allowed where poor drainage exists unless appropriate corrective
improvements are to be completed as part of the project. Revisions to the Town's Zoning
Ordinance will take this concern into consideration.
✓(2)(1)(8) The Town of Leland considers the flooding of roads in Leland following an intense
rain event as a situation that requires attention.
✓(2)(1)(9) NC Department of Transportation and NC Division of Water Quality officials will be
consulted on all future public road projects. The Town wishes to work with knowledgeable
public officials so that successful solutions may be shared It is understood by Town officials that
stormwater ponding on roadways is unacceptable. It is further understood that the best means of
dealing with stormwater is not simply to get it out of sight. The practical and environmental
consequences of this problem will require environmentally sound engineered solutions.
✓(2)(1)(10) The Town of Leland wishes to create a master drainage plan so that the threat of
flood hazard will be reduced and to improve area water quality. Grant funds will be sought from
agencies who may have planning funds available to complete this study.
✓(2)(1)(11) It is Town policy that the post development runoff shall not exceed the pre -
development runoff rate. As a part of the revisions planned to the Zoning Ordinance during the
planning period the use of vegetative buffers, setbacks, and other measures will be considered
Implementation: Subdivision Regulations— Zoning Ordinance— Stormwater Regulations
(State & Local) — Transportation Planning— Sedimentation & Erosion Control Regulations
m}industrial impacts on fraeile areas
✓(2)(m)(I) The Town will carefully review lal development proposals in order to assess possible
adverse impacts upon any of is fragile resources. For any proposed development in previously
undisturbed areas, the Town will require contact with the N.C. Division of Archives and History
for assessment of the possible presence of special archaeological resources. The Town will
cooperate with the State to ensure protection of these valuable resources.
✓(2)(m)(2) No current industrial uses within Leland appear to have direct impact on noted
fragile areas in the Town.
✓(2)(m)(3) There are no designated Natural or Cultural Resource Fragile Areas AEC's in
Leland's planning area. There are also no other "special natural resource fragile areas" in Leland
(such as freshwater swamps, maritime forests, pocosins, or areas that sustain remnant species,
unique geologic formations, or special shell fishing waters). Leland supports the protection of
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l� these areas where they do exist. This protection is extended to that portion of the NC Natural
Heritage Program site (discussed earlier) which exists in Leland and is known as the "Sturgeon
Creek Tidal Wetlands."
✓(2)(m)(4) Town policy regarding the impact of traditional "industry" on the natural
environment in Leland is that these impacts should not occur. The Town has an economy which
is based on being a bedroom community and the northern Brunswick County regional center for
business activity. The Town will continue to find its economic future based on its business
(� capacity and the availability of shopping opportunity for both residents and the tourists and
( visitors who flock to area beaches. Town officials feel that any industrial type development .
which would detract from the visual beauty of the area and which might cause excessive traffic,
noxious fumes, noise, smoke, vibration or other unpleasant side effects which cannot be mitigated
should look elsewhere for a location.
✓(2)(m)(5) Industry which complies with the standards of the Town of Leland Zoning
Ordinance is acceptable`within the Town's planning jurisdiction.
✓(2)(m)(6) It is the policy of the Town Leland that industrial development should first be clean
and should provide jobs to local residents.
✓(2)(m)(6) Any economic development activity in Brunswick County is, generally, favored by
the Town. The Town will work with and promote success for Brunswick County Industrial Parks
and other area job creating entities.
✓(2)(m)(8) The Town will work with Brunswick County, the Town of Navassa, and other area
entities (Cape Fear Council of Governments, the NC Department of Commerce, area Chambers
of Commerce, Committees of 100, and the Southeastern North Carolina Economic Development
Commission) on the growth and enhancement of business opportunity in Leland.
✓(2)(m)(9) Any industry which may be harmful to the human population through the possible
pollution of air, land, or water is not desired within the Town. Any industrial activity which
might cause visual blight is also not desired.
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Implementation: Work with Area Economic Development Efforts- Zoning Ordinance —
Subdivision Regulations
n}marina and floating home develornnent
✓(2)(n)(1) The Town of Leland opposes the development of marinas due to the potential of
excessive or irreversible damage to existing fragile or environmentally sensitive areas and
degradation to its estuarine waters.
✓(2)(n)(2) Drystacking facilities, like marinas, are viewed by Leland as undesirable, therefore,
the Town does not support the development of such facilities.
✓(2)(n)(3) The Town of Leland will allow the temporary mooring of vessels (no more than 10
days) in area public trust waters as a means of providing public access to these waters. Leland
will work with area governmental entities on the means of controlling such activity.
✓(2)(n)(4) The Town of Leland is concerned with the size of boats which will use the
Brunswick River. As the River is small and shallow and contains many stumps and other debris,
for safety reasons, the Town feels users should also be small in size. The Town will not seek to
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planning jurisdiction will not be discouraged.
Implementation: Zoning Ordinance— Subdivision Regulations
b}commercial forest lands
✓(3)(b)(1) Leland discourages the premature conversion of the planning areas remaining
commercial woodlands into more intensive uses.
✓(3)(b)(2) Leland encourages the protection of our trees for the benefit of the community today
and for future generations. It is Leland policy to protect our commercial forests.
✓(3)(b)(3) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to support the efficient planting and harvesting
of North Carolina's commercial forest lands.
✓(3)(b)(4) It is the strong sentiment of Town officials that the harvesting of timber near waters
should be discouraged If this activity must occur the Town supports State regulations requiring
extensive vegetative buffers as a means of mitigating water quality degradation.
✓(3)(b)(5) The harvesting of commercial forests should be done in a manner which will protect
water quality and which will allow for the immediate re -use of these areas as forest or for
residential -commercial type uses as described in the Zoning Ordinance.
Implementation: Zoning Ordinance— Subdivision Regulations
c} commercial and recreational fisheries, including nurs= and habitat areas
✓(3)(c)(1) The Town of Leland would like to diminish the amount of stormwater runoff
draining directly into the Brunswick River (which is the primary water body within its
jurisdiction). The Town supports the regulation of land development adjacent water bodies as a
means of improving, or helping to improve, water quality. Because of the sensitivity of certain
soils near productive water bodies, and because of current absence of centralized sewer, Leland
believes that the density of development and placement of septic tanks in these areas should be
carefully and strictly regulated through local ordinances. The Town believes that adequate public
water access to the Brunswick River and Sturgeon Creek for recreational uses should be provided
to property owners and residents.
✓(3)(c)(2) Leland supports the continued productivity of commercial and recreational fisheries
through the
protection of the unique coastal marshes upon which they depend
✓(3)(c)(3) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to work with other regional interests to
maintain or improve the quality of water and the abundance of the fisheries resource available to
area residents and visitors. The Town wishes to work with the North Carolina Division of
Marine Fisheries and other appropriate agencies, to improve and increase habitat, propagation,
and the availability of fm fish and shellfish.
✓(3)(c)(4) The Town of Leland wishes to work with the Brunswick Community College school
of aquaculture to encourage commercial fishing operations. The Town of Leland will approve
and support dredging work in the Brunswick River if it is proven by experts that such dredging
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Iwill improve fisheries habitat and water quality.
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Implementation: State & Federal Regulation— Intergovernmental Cooperation— Local
Ordinances— State & Local Stormwater Quality Planning & Regulation
d)--existing and potential mineral production areas
✓(3)(d)(1) It is the policy of the Town to prohibit mining within the Town's planning
jurisdiction. The policy is regulated through the enforcement provisions of the Town's Zoning
Ordinance.
✓(3)(d)(2) Marl pits and sand mining operations are recognized as commercial ventures which
bring unpleasant side effects to existing and proposed development. As a result, these operations
are unwanted within the Town's planning jurisdiction. Marl pits and sand mining will not be
allowed in the Town of Leland by the Town's Zoning Ordinance.
Implementation: Zoning Ordinance
e)--off-road vehicles
✓(3)(e)(1) Leland supports efforts to control the public use of off -road vehicles on government
owned lands in ecologically sensitive areas.
✓(3)(e)(2) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to allow private property owners and their
friends, visitors, acquaintances, and other persons to whom they may have given permission, to
enjoy freely the ability to use any portion of that private property available and to enjoy that same
property by whatever means and to the maximum extent possible. The Town recognizes that the
ability of one person to enjoy full use of his or her property does not extend to the point where
another persons right to enjoy their property is infringed upon. The Town has the authority, and
will continue to exercise its authority, through its police powers, to abate nuisance noises and the
destruction of any vegetation which may protect or which may help to protect the privacy of
residential or commercial properties and which may contain threatened or endangered species. It
is the policy of the Town to not allow off -road vehicle use that would cause erosion or substantial
damage to land forms. This policy on off -road vehicles is not pertinent to public works projects
or emergency vehicles.
✓(3)(e)(3) It is Town policy that jet skis are unwelcome on the Brunswick River and within the
planning jurisdiction of the Town of Leland. Businesses wishing to rent or persons wishing to
use these water craft are invited to look elsewhere in Brunswick County for a location to enjoy.
Implementation: Nuisance Ordinance —Zoning Ordinance
f)—residential, commercial and industrial impacts on any resource
✓(3)(f)(1) Town policy is to encourage future growth according to the land use policy contained
in this document and to revise, as necessary, those regulations currently in place to provide
consistency with the Town of Leland's long-range plan. It is the intention of Town officials that
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new development's impacts on the natural and built (pre-existing) environment should be
negligible and that the impacts of all development should take into consideration those factors
which will enhance the quiet, small Town character and quality of life enjoyed by the residents of
Leland.
✓(3)(f)(2) Town policy is that residential development will be encouraged, as much as possible,
to occur in a manner which will not overload traffic conditions. It is Town policy that the Land
Use Plan, Zoning Ordinance and Subdivision regulations will be revised as necessary as a means
of implementing this policy.
✓(3)(f)(3) The development of new streets and roads as a part of the residential growth process
will be carefully studied before a new subdivision is approved. Utilities provisions required as a
part of the Subdivision Regulations will be revised, as necessary, to require future (or potential)
Town residents the opportunity to enjoy the full range of services available to the older
residential areas.
✓(3)(f)(4) Additional commercial development is desired by Town officials. Commercial
activity which would add to the economic base of the Town would be welcomed by Town
officials provided that the activity is environmentally safe, clean, and consistent with current
State, federal, and local regulatory requirements. Development activity which would be harmful
to property values or the quality of life of those residents already established is discouraged.
Compatibility of proposed development with the Land Classification Map (located in the back of
this document) is desired.
✓(3)(f)(5) Industrial development policy in the Town of Leland is to encourage only light
industrial type uses. Traditional heavy industries should seek to locate elsewhere (such as the
industrial park). There is much open and available land within the region which would be
suitable for industry. Development of industry must be consistent with the Town's Zoning
Ordinance.
✓(3)(f)(6) Town policy is to encourage heavy industrial development activity within the region
but not in Leland.
✓(3)(f)(7) Any commercial or industrial development in Leland should be of a type which is
compatible with residential development which may occur in relatively close proximity to the
industry. Industrial development should be located, in all cases, in such a way as to avoid the use
of residential or commercial streets by large, heavy, truck traffic.
✓(3)(f)(8) Developer; (residential, commercial or industrial) shopping for a location should
contact Town officials early in the process to discuss the activity.
Implementation: Subdivision Regulations— Zoning Ordinance— Focused Cooperative
Economic Development & Recruiting— Local & Regional Transportation Planning
g)-peat. phosphate or limestone mining impacts on any resource
✓(3)(g)(1) Leland will work with Brunswick County on the defeat of any mining proposals in
the Leland vicinity.
✓(3)(g)(2) The mining of peat or phosphate within the planning jurisdiction of the Town of
Leland is prohibited by policy and ordinance. As mining operations are generally unpleasant to
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the persons living in an area near where these activities occur, and as there are currently no mines
in the Leland planning area, it is the policy of the Town to oppose any mining operations
requesting to locate within the municipal boundary. The Town also wishes to go on record
opposing any mining operations which may wish to locate in Brunswick County near the Town of
Leland. The Town will work with the County to oppose such operations.
Implementation: Zoning Ordinance
(4) ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT — Policy Statements
The following policies are specifically concerned with the continuing economic development of
the Town of Leland. These policies are effective upon adoption of this document.
gl-types of development desired
✓(4)(a)(1) Community Attitude Toward Growth: The Town of Leland is expected to experience
tremendous population growth during the next 10 years. The Town of Leland recognizes that
improperly managed growth can actually harm or destroy the appeal which may attract new
residents or businesses to the Town. Therefore, the Town's overall policy toward growth is
expressed in the following comments: Leland believes in managing and directing the Town's
growth and development in balance with the availability of municipal services. The Town
believes that population and growth guidance should be based on: 1) the suitability of land to
accommodate the use; 2) the capacity of the environment; 3) compatibility with Town goals; 4)
densities allowable in sensitive areas; and 5) the availability of support facilities and services.
✓(4)(a)(2) Leland reserves the right to require proponents of substantial development to provide
an evaluation of impacts, including cumulative impacts, of proposed development.
✓(4)(a)(3) Leland will encourage small business development.
✓(4)(a)(4) The Town policy is to provide for the preservation of adequate open space for all
citizens.
✓(4)(a)(5) The Town of Leland shall work to ensure that all citizens are afforded safe and
decent housing.
✓(4)(a)(6) Leland will provide a housing program for renovated and new affordable housing for
' low and moderate income resident families.
✓(4)(a)(7) It is Town policy to establish strong code enforcement of the minimum housing code.
This enforcement should strike a balance between expenses of property and home owners and
better living conditions of tenants.
✓(4)(a)(8) Leland will require that all housing is safe and brought up to code.
' ✓(4)(a)(9) Leland will require that all housing is sanitary and up to code.
✓(4)(a)(10) Leland's policy is to prohibit demolition of existing housing without a thorough
review of options for restoration and or moving the structure to a more suitable location. Leland
will seek to strengthen guidelines community development guidelines on what is to be torn down
versus what is to be preserved.
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✓(4)(a)(11) The Town of Leland will seek to protect trees and to encourage landscaping of
parking lots, residential areas, and commercial and industrial projects.
✓(4)(a)(12) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to encourage residential growth.
✓(4)(a)(13) The Town of Leland encourages commercial growth. It is the policy of the Town to
work with and to encourage commercial activity which is consistent with current regulations and
which will provide jobs, make retail type amenities available to Leland area residents and
visitors, and provide for convenient shopping opportunities. It is the policy of the Town to
encourage clean and quiet commercial type development. The Town wishes to remain a regional
market for area residents and visitors and the Town will work, through the upgrade of local
ordinances and community revitalization efforts, to enhance the availability of goods and services
which will help to cement the Town's position as a regional market area. The local means of
implementing this policy will be through the Zoning Ordinance.
✓(4)(a)(14) Traditional, heavy, industrial development is discouraged within the Town of
Leland. Light industry is encouraged. Industries which have large stacks spewing voluminous
amounts of smoke and any industry generating large amounts of traffic which will bother
residents at all hours are not envisioned or desired and will not be approved. Manufacturing
concerns are generally felt to be undesirable. Light manufacturing is desired. Large agricultural -
livestock type operations (meat manufacturing plants) are not desired and will not be permitted.
✓(4)(a)(15) Town officials discourage the use and storage of large amounts of hazardous
substances (chemicals, pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers) in areas close to any Town,
individual, or community well systems. These same substances are not appropriately located if
they are in close proximity to residential development. Town officials wish to note that runoff
into streams from landscaping activity has been recognized as a problem within the State and the
Town. The Leland policy is to strongly encourage the use of these hazardous substances/products
in a careful manner and only as needed
Implementation: Zoning Ordinance— Focused Economic Development & Recruiting —
Intergovernmental Cooperation— Brunswick County Code Enforcement— Minimum
Housing Code— Subdivision Regulations— Public -Private Sector Cooperation— State -
Federal -Private Grant Program Assistance
b}types and locations of industries desired
✓(4)(b)(1) The Town currently does not contain any manufacturing industry within its
jurisdiction. Leland views industrial development as being incompatible with the existing
character and capacity of the Town. _ Leland would prefer to see industries developed which
would be clean. Light manufacturing and/or assembly industries would be preferable. Examples
of industries which would be considered unsuitable would include: petroleum products,
slaughterhouses, breweries (and others). The preferred location for industry would be in the
Leland Industrial Park or other suitable place (in accordance with the Town's Zoning Ordinance).
The Town, in conjunction with the County, would like to develop an additional industrial park or
parks, according to the following standards: aThe developer must provide an assessment of the
impact of the industry and the Town will be assured of the use of the best available technology so
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as to avoid air or water pollution during construction or operation. 4The project will be located
on land having stable, well -drained soils. The site should be located in an area which is
adequately protected from flooding and should be accessible to existing public utilities and
transportation routes. '?Leland and Brunswick County will provide, as much as is locally and
' economically feasible, basic support services such as water and sewer to suitable newly locating
industries.
✓(4)(b)(2) Leland will review the siting of all industries, including energy facilities and high
voltage utilities, to ensure the protection of area residents and natural resources.
✓(4)(b)(3) The Town of Leland encourages industry which will allow the Town to keep the
small Town character that long-term residents of Leland have come to enjoy. Industries which
create a significant amount of pollution (smoke, dust, glare, noise, vibrations, etc.) are
discouraged and should not locate in Leland. This may include (but is not limited to) swine and
cattle, steel mills, electric power plants, paper manufacturing plants, chemical companies, mining
operations, explosives companies and others.
✓(4)(b)(4) The Town desires responsible industrial development in the region which will not
adversely affect the natural environment or the quality of life enjoyed by current or future
residents. Industrial sites should be adjacent water lines and must have an approved system of
handling any possible by-products or waste products which may be dangerous to human beings.
' ✓(4)(b)(5) Industrial development should not infringe or violate the aesthetic sensibilities (in
those ways which may be perceived by the five human senses) of established or current residents.
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Implementation: Zoning Ordinance— Cooperative Economic Development & Recruiting
c}-local commitment to 1Lmviding services to development
✓(4)(c)(1) Leland will experience tremendous growth over the next 10 years. The Town, being
conscious of the need for consistent, environmentally compatible land use planning, the provision
of services, and improved community appearance, adopts the following policy: The Town of
Leland recognizes that in order to accommodate growth additional land for residential,
commercial, institutional, and other purposes will need to be developed. The Town believes that
all new development and/or redevelopment must be consistent with local ordinances. The Town
believes that development should take place when and where adequate urban services, including
water, sewer, and transportation system access is available to support the development. The
participation of developers in the provision of services will be required.
✓(4)(c)(2) The Town of Leland will seek to provide appropriate municipal services to support
and encourage desired development. The provision of services shall be based on the Town's
financial capacity and the economic feasibility of those services.
✓(4)(c)(3) It is Town policy to consider and adopt a system of impact fees for infrastructure
improvements.
✓(4)(c)(4) Ireland will provide timely, cost-effective and efficient, capital facilities and
community infrastructure services based on anticipated growth and demand.
✓(4)(c)(5) It is Town policy to work together with area infiastructure service providers and to
coordinate services provision with other governmental agencies whenever it is found to be cost
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effective and feasible.
✓(4)(c)(6) Leland will develop a strategy for commercial development which takes into
consideration the concept of preferred location (as with areas that already contain the public
services required by the development project (services to be considered will include
transportation) and areas where the needed services are readily available).
✓(4)(c)(7) It is Town policy to provide public sewer service with priority to areas with
malfunctioning and inadequate septic systems and package treatment plants (especially those in
environmentally sensitive areas).
✓(4)(c)(8) Leland will strengthen development regulations for subdivisions and will require an
escrow payment or performance bond for development projects where dLinfrastructure needs are
not met prior to final plat approval.
✓(4)(c)(9) Leland will review the existing zoning ordinance upon adoption or subsequent
amendment to a local Thoroughfare Plan. It is anticipated that this will help to ensure appropriate
development according to the zoning districts described and will help to ensure cost effective
services provision.
✓(4)(c)(10) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to provide public services to all areas of
Town. Services available to municipal residents within the planning period are expected to
include water, sewer, trash collection, police -fire -rescue, and administrative services. Services
will be provided, as required by law and as feasible, to any new areas of the Town.
✓(4)(c)(11) New developments are required to construct and to connect to the
municipal/regional sewer system and the public water system.
✓(4)(c)(11) As a means of providing services to current residents, future residents, and the
business community, the Town of Leland is committed to the following policies:
•'The Town of Leland will work with the Wilmington MPO and the NC Department of
Transportation to keep the Transportation Plan up to date.
+'Leland seeks to work with the NC DOT on the creation of a Thoroughfare Plan specific
to the Town of Leland.
O'The Town of Leland will work with the Committee of 100, the Chamber of Commerce,
the Cape Fear Council of Governments, NC Southeast, the NC Division of Coastal
Management (and other State and federal agencies), and the Brunswick County Economic
Development Department to market the Town to interested parties.
RThe Town of Leland will initiate capital improvement planning.
wThe Town of Leland will develop a more detailed means of communication between
the Planning Board and the Town Council. The Town will also work to develop and
maintain communication with State, federal, and Brimswick County officials.
w'The Town will work to access grant funding to revise ordinances and to make other
changes deemed necessary by the Town Council, the Planning Board and staff.
Implementation: Transportation Planning— Grants Program Assistance Will Be Sought —
Intergovernmental Cooperation— Zoning Ordinance— State & Federal Regulations—
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d}tomes of urban gQwth pattems desired
✓(4)(d)(1) The Town of Leland wishes to preserve and promote a quiet, peaceful, low -density
atmosphere for the Town. The Town desires to see a mixture of orderly urban land uses develop.
The primary urban land uses in Leland will be for residential (housing) and commercial
development.
Housin¢ It shall be the policy of Leland to continue to
encourage the development of a variety of housing type so as
to meet the needs of existing and future citizens through the
following:
*To maintain areas exclusively for conventional single-family
dwellings for the growing population.
*To provide an area for mobile homes to accommodate
permanent occupancy.
*To monitor the needs for additional areas for clusters of one
or two story garden -type condominiums, townhouses, patio
homes, and apartments for retirees, and/or other permanent
residents.
*To develop a height limitation for residential, commercial,
and institutional structures through the Zoning Ordinance.
*To require new residential subdivisions to provide lands for
public recreation use, or a fee in lieu of land, through the
Subdivision Ordinance.
Commercial Development The Town wishes to enhance and
promote quality commercial development through the
' following:
*To encourage business to locate in areas most able to support
commercial activity, mainly through proper (roads) access.
*The Town wishes to discourage strip development.
*To encourage the formation of a local Chamber of Commerce
or Merchant's Association in Leland.
*To develop standards for the control of landscaping in
commercial areas in order to improve aesthetics.
' ✓(4)(d)(2) It is policy for the Town of Leland to direct development to locations where
environmental conditions and supporting infrastructure are appropriate.
✓(4)(d)(3) Leland will encourage the location of commercial development projects in designated
1 commercial areas in the Zoning Ordinance.
✓(4)(d)(4) The Town wishes to balance the need for continuing workplace (commercial -
industrial) growth with the enhancement of neighborhoods, community centers and government
buildings, as well as for continuing improvement and expansion of economic opportunity for all.
✓(4)(d)(5) Leland will restrict commercial encroachment into residential areas.
✓(4)(d)(6) Leland will allow growth to occur based on neighborhood considerations and not on
a single development proposal.
✓(4)(d)(7) It is the policy of the Town Leland to encourage growth to occur adjacent to existing
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water and sewer service lines. New developments will be required to connect to these services
when available. Leland's policy on services extension to those areas where infrastructure does
not currently exist is that infrastructure must be built by those developers who wish to
accommodate a new development project. The Town wishes to protect and to enhance business
opportunity in the central business district. It is the policy of the Town of Leland to
accommodate growth without ruining the natural beauty of the area. The Town will use this
Land Use Plan Update, the Subdivision Regulations, and the Zoning Ordinance as the means to
implement this policy and to direct all future residential, commercial, and industrial type growth.
Implementation: Zoning Ordinance— Subdivision Regulations— Transportation
Planning— Grants Program Assistance Will Be Sought for Services (water & sewer, roads,
etc.) Extensions
e}redevelornneut of developed areas (relocation of structures and facilities
✓(4)(e)(1) There are older developed areas within Leland's planning jurisdiction. The Town
encourages and supports redevelopment of these areas for the purpose of land use compatibility
and aesthetics. Restoration/fix up of any historic structures is encouraged. It is the Town's
policy that redevelopment, like new development, must be conducted according to existing
development guidelines as may be reflected in future zoning, Subdivision, and/or Flood Damage
Prevention Ordinances (et al). Some areas of the Town are in need of revitalization, such as
provided through small Cities Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) programs. Leland
intends to pursue funding through the CDBG program for redevelopment projects.
✓(4)(e)(2) It is Town policy to eliminate, in redevelopment projects, any stormwater collection
systems that discharge directly to surface waters.
✓(4)(e)(3) It is the policy of the Town to work with residents and agency personnel and
programs to repair, upgrade, and improve housing conditions. (1) enforcing the Town's
Minimum Housing Code; (2) coordinating any redevelopment efforts with the Building
Inspections Department; (3) enforcing the Zoning Ordinance requirements on non -conforming
uses.
✓(4)(e)(4) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to allow reconstruction of structures
demolished by natural disaster when the reconstruction complies with all existing (state, federal,
and local) regulations.
✓(4)(e)(S) It is the intention of the Town to continue to be a member of the National Flood
Insurance Program administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and to continue
to allow Federal Flood Insurance to be available to residents.
✓(4)(e)(6) It is the policy of the Town to consider the purchase of any land which may become
available (through the destruction of structures) as a result of a catastrophic event. Purchase and
redevelopment of the Town's waterfront and creation of greenways and buffers is considered a
possibility under such circumstances.
Implementation: Stormwater Planning— Zoning Ordinance— Sign Ordinance— Flood
Damage Prevention Ordinance— Minimum Housing Code— CDBG Program Assistance —
Intergovernmental Cooperation— Brunswick County Code Enforcement Assistance
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f)-commitment to state and federal =cams hwU improvements recreation police gr ra its
miles facilities, etc.)
✓(4)(f)(1) Leland is receptive to all those State and federal programs that will provide some
benefit to the Town, County, and region. It is the policy of the Town to continue to fully support
such programs. An incomplete list of some important programs includes: NC Division of
Coastal Management Planning Program, NC Division of Parks & Recreation Programs to fund
recreation areas, NC Division of Community Assistance & U. S. Department of Housing &
Urban Development Community Development Block Grant Program, NC Division of Travel and
Tourism promotion efforts, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers regulatory and permitting programs,
NC Department of Transportation road and bridge improvement programs, NC Division of Water
Quality/Water Quality Planning Program, Fanners Home Administration loans for local water
and sewer service projects, Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood Insurance Program,
NC Department of Commerce Industrial Recruiting Programs, Southeastern Regional Economic
Development Commission Economic Development Programs, Cape Fear Council of
Governments programs, and others as may be found in the catalog of federal domestic assistance
or the NC community resource information system (CRIS).
✓(4)(f)(2) The Town of Leland will actively pursue grant funds to provide for community
needs. Some special areas of focus for these grants will be crime control and public safety, fire
protection, rescue services, water & sewer, housing improvements, economic development, and
recreation. The Town of Leland will utilize existing public assets (the library, schools, and park
areas) to help to meet community needs.
Implementation: Grants Program Assistance Will Be Sought (Various Agencies) —Inter -
Agency & Intergovernmental Cooperation— Transportation Planning— Stormwater Planning
g)-enemy facility siting and development
✓(4)(g)(1) The Town of Leland does not now host any electric generating plants, oil refineries,
or inshore exploration facilities for gas or oil. The Town doesn't anticipate the development of
any of these facilities within the planning period. The Town of Leland will not support the
development of any industrial use within the Town's boundaries, including energy facilities,
which will extensively damage existing fragile or environmentally sensitive areas. The Town
opposes the development of energy facilities which would substantially increase the amount of
man-made hazards within its jurisdiction (including the storage and/or trans -shipment of crude
oil).
✓(4)(g)(2) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to oppose offshore continental shelf (OCS)
drilling for gas or oil.
✓(4)(g)(3) The location of any shore side OCS facilities at Leland would be inconsistent with
local policy.
✓(4)(g)(4) The Town of Leland promotes and supports a clean and healthy environment for its
residents.
✓(4)(g)(5) The Town is concerned about the issue of energy facility siting to the extent that
citizen's health, safety, and welfare, may be effected. The Town's policy includes the following:
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(1) No transportation through Town (except on the U.S. Highway 17/74-76) of extremely
dangerous and hazardous materials is approved. No energy or commercial/industrial facility that
violates this standard will be approved. Any industrial or commercial facility which requires a
special use permit will have this as a part of their special restrictions. (2) No energy facility
which will clear cut an area consisting of greater than 3 acres of wooded property is allowed
without buffers which will be constructed to shield all noise and visual blight created by energy
facility type development from area residents. Special conditions in addition to this may be
imposed on facilities which are permitted as a conditional use.
✓(4)(g)(6) Any water resource intensive type development activity will be required to use North
Brunswick Sanitary District service.
Implementation: Local Ordinances
h}assistance to channel maintenance
✓(4)(h)(1) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to support shoreline erosion control and
channel maintenance projects:
XWhen there will be no significant adverse impacts on shoreline dynamics;
XWhen economic or recreational benefits will occur for Leland area residents; and,
XWhen the public shoreline will be the primary beneficiary in erosion control projects.
✓(4)(h)(2) The Town of Leland recognizes that tax revenues are being used to provide for
channel maintenance projects. This expenditure promotes both international and interstate
commerce as well as local commercial fishing opportunity and opportunity for recreational
boaters. The Town of Leland supports such efforts. It is Town policy to decline the opportunity
to participate in any direct funding of these projects.
Implementation: State & Federal Regulation— Leland Will Not Assist Directly
i}tourism
✓(4)(i)(1) In the future, travel and tourism could become more significant to Leland and could
contribute significantly to the Town's economic base. Leland supports the promotion,
development and expansion of travel and tourism facilities.
✓(4)(i)(2) It is the policy of Leland to support the location of a convention center or sports
facility within the Town's planning jurisdiction.
✓(4)(i)(3) The Town of Leland strongly supports tourism. The Town recognizes tourists as a
vital and important part of the economy of the region and the state. The Town of Leland draws
much of its livelihood from tourism (especially those shoppers visiting from the area beaches).
✓(4)(i)(4) It is the policy of the Town to grow toward a position where the regional tourist
influx may be enjoyed to its maximum economic potential.
✓(4)(i)(5) As a means of achieving the goal of enhancing tourism and encouraging visitors, the
Town of Leland supports NC Department of Transportation road improvement projects which
will improve access (ingress and egress) to the region and the Town of Leland.
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✓(4)(i)(6)The Town of Leland supports all intergovernmental cooperative efforts at marketing
the region.
✓(4)(i)(7) Leland supports the activities of the NC Division of Travel and Tourism.
✓(4)(i)(8) The Town wishes to cooperate in promoting the area with the area Chambers of
Commerce and Visitors Bureaus.
Implementation: Regional & Intergovernmental Cooperation —Transportation Planning —
Work on Regional Promotion Activity with Chambers of Commerce & Visitor's Bureaus
j}public beach and waterfront access
✓(4)6)(1) It shall be the general policy of Leland to attempt to provide access to public trust
waters through the development of parks and launching areas, consistent with the need to protect
the natural resources. Leland may, in the future, seek financial assistance from state and federal
sources to support the development, and/or expansion, of parks and recreational facilities in
appropriately sited locations.
✓(4)0)(2) As a waterfront community, Leland recognizes both the need for provision of parks
and open space and adequate public access to the water. Leland supports the CRC's Public
Access Program and recognizes the need to plan for recreational facilities in appropriately sited
locations.
✓(4xj)(3) The Town will seek to acquire conservation easements for floodplain areas.
✓(4)6)(4) It is the policy of Town officials to support beach and estuarine water access projects
within Brunswick County and throughout coastal North Carolina
Implementation: PARTF Applications— Grant Assistance from Available Funding
Programs— Local Ordinances (Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance, Zoning Ordinance,
Subdivision Regulations, etc.)— Stormwater Planning
k}recreational services
✓(4)(k)(1) The Town of Leland will support the exploration, assessment and development of
estuarine access opportunities for the public to enjoy. The Town wishes to construct/buy/develop
more recreation opportunities for local citizens.
✓(4)(k)(2) The Town will seek funds to expand both passive and active park and recreational
lands and public water access.
✓(4)(k)(3) Leland will develop a public consultation process for the acquisition and preservation
of significant sites for open space/recreation.
✓(4)(k)(4) The Town will provide public recreational facilities and open space to service the
growing population.
✓(4)(k)(5) Public private partnerships for funding of recreational improvements will be
explored.
✓(4)(k)(6) The Town of Leland will pursue outside funding sources for recreational facility
development.
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✓(4)(k)(7) It is Leland policy to develop a pedestrian and bicycle path, to increase pedestrian
sidewalks, and to strictly enforce traffic laws.
✓(4)(k)(8) Leland will identify and develop a program for the establishment of a comprehensive
system of trails and greenways.
✓(4)(k)(9) The Town will require large new development projects to make provisions for a
comprehensive network of bicycle and pedestrian facilities on collector streets and arterials.
✓(4)(k)(10) The Town of Leland supports the development of parks and recreational facilities
for the benefit of its residents and seasonal visitors.
✓(4)(k)(11) The Town of Leland will create a Master Plan for Recreation.
✓(4)(k)(12) The Town of Leland currently does not have a recreation program. The Town
believes in and will work to achieve a position where the local provision of recreational
opportunity will be possible. The Town policy is to continue to work with the Brunswick County
Parks and Recreation Department to help meet the municipal and area need. The Town of Leland
realizes a need for youth recreation facilities, park land and neighborhood parks, a public outdoor
meeting place (a gazebo — or gazebos — on Town owned or leased property), and a
health/fitness facility. The Brunswick River and Sturgeon Creek are recognized by Town leaders
as an essentially untapped recreational asset. Passive and active recreational uses of the River and
Creek are possible.
Implementation: PARTF Applications— Grant Assistance from Available Funding
Programs— Recreation Planning— Intergovernmental Cooperation— Continuation of
Working with Brunswick County Parks & Recreation Department Transportation
Planning— Subdivision Regulations
1)-types densities location* units per acre erg of anticipated residential development and services
necessary to su Wort such development
✓(4)(1)(1) Leland reserves the right to require developers to identify the impacts of their
development on roads, schools, stormwater and sewer and to pay a fee proportionate to their
impact on these systems.
✓(4)(l)(2) At such time as they are available, it is Town policy that all new development must be
connected to the public water and regional sewerage system.
✓(4)(1)(3) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to encourage low density type development
activity. Low density growth according to the zoning ordinance is R-20. Planned Unit
Development and cluster type proposals for the urban area are possible and are seen as a
continuing means by which to implement this policy.
✓(4)(1)(4) Town policy is to encourage commercial growth. This growth, so as to be consistent
with Town policy, must be of a type which will include specialty shops and stores. The Town
desires to attract resident shoppers and visitors from the region who will make special trips to
Leland. The Town wants to serve residents and visitors within the commercial center. Town
officials are interested in hearing from prospective businesses who may wish to choose Leland as
a place to locate.
✓(4)(1)(5) Leland understands that continuing growth activity during the planning period in
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Town in the residential neighborhoods is expected and desired.
' ✓(4)(1)(6) In the face of all the changes anticipated in the future, Leland wishes to keep the
small Town atmosphere which has long been enjoyed by residents and visitors.
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Implementation: Zoning Ordinance— Subdivision Regulations --Transportation Planning —
Capital Facilities Planning— Public -Private Sector Cooperation
Section 5: PUBLIC PARTICIPATION —Policy Statements
a)-descrintion of the means to be used for public education on Waning issues
✓(5)(a)(1) It is Town policy that all future meetings where land use planning and public policy
in the Town of Leland will be discussed will continue to be open to the public. All meetings will
be appropriately advertised and adequately publicized. Public meetings and hearings will
continue to be held to discuss special land use issues and to keep citizens informed. It is the
intent of the Town that all economic, social, ethnic, and
cultural viewpoints be considered on all matters of public
policy. Coordination and discussion with regulatory
agencies and other area municipalities (and County)
officials on policy matters will continue to be a part of the
Town's land use policy development process.
✓(5)(a)(2) It is Town policy to involve service clubs and
schools with the local government mission, to issue press
releases and develop "media spots," to hold "planning labs"
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to be held in Town with materials and documents in a public
location for review, and to work to secure additional
coverage from local and area newspapers on Town meetings
and issues to be discussed or considered.
b}description of the means to be used for continuing public participation in planning
✓(5)(b)(1) It is Town policy to give full and thorough recognition and thought to the planning
requirements contained in the State's Land Use Planning Guidelines. Planning in Leland has
been and will continue to be conducted in the public arena Future large plans for the Town will
' also consider the adoption of a Public Participation Plan (as was developed in the creation of this
document).
' ✓(5)(b)(2) Leland will develop a public information program on issues which deal with
community infrastructure.
✓(5)(b)(3) Leland officials will attend career days at area schools. "Shadowing" or following a
municipal professional for a day will be considered. Future meetings may be held in community
locations. A "Town Day" will be considered as an opportunity for the public to meet municipal
officials (Council, Mayor, Planning Board, police, employees).
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0-description of the means to be used for obtaining citizen input in developing land use plan ,
✓(5)(c)(1) Leland will provide continuing opportunity for public input into the governmental
planning process. Future public comment and opinion will be sought through telephone surveys
(on recreation, development activity, planning/plans, fees, EMS/Police/Fire, culture), and written ,
surveys/polls. Public Hearing Notices will be placed on public access TV and radio. The Town
will issue press releases. Citizen help will be sought for beautification projects (plantings and
landscaping) and housing programs (rehabilitation of buildings/Town assistance to Habitat for
Humanity). Leland will coordinate with the Chamber of Commerce and Committee of 100 about
projects planned or under construction. Leland will consider a "school day" and Mayor for a Day
program where students and citizens visit Town Hall.
Section 6: OTHER LOCAL POLICY ISSUES — Policy Statements
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a) -Roads
✓(6)(a)(1) Leland will work with state agencies to influence local road projects.
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✓(6)(a)(2) The Town will provide greater consideration for pedestrians in transportation and
traffic planning, and also in parking areas.
✓(6)(a)(3) Leland will require, and will promote and develop, pedestrian causeways, breeze
ways and crossings.
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✓(6)(a)(4) Leland will reduce direct access along commercial corridors.
✓(6)(a)(5) The Town and County will work through the MPO to strongly encourage NC DOT to
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preserve and enhance streetscaping and landscaping on future transportation projects with
indigenous flora.
✓(6)(a)(6) Leland shall encourage NC DOT and developers to consider noise and other
environmental impacts on existing neighborhood areas when constructing and maintaining
transportation facilities.
✓(6)(a)(7) Leland will create and approve a Thoroughfare Plan.
✓(6)(a)(8) Leland will create a systematic, rational, and thoughtful plan through which local
roads will be provided in an orderly and cost effective way.
✓(6)(a)(9) Leland will consider noise and other environmental impacts on existing neighborhood
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areas in all future public sector building projects within the Leland planning jurisdiction.
✓(6)(a)(10) The official map of the Town of Leland is located in the office of the Town
Manager at Town Hall.
✓(6)(a)(11) The existing system of roads in the Town of Leland will require the attention of the
Town Council and Planning Board within the planning period covered by this Land Use Plan.
Traffic congestion is recognized as a problem which frequently accompanies growth in successful
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communities. This is the case in Leland. The Town of Leland realizes traffic and roads
improvements are problems which the Town is empowered to control through planning. The
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Town will seek assistance from the NC Department of Transportation to improve road conditions
in Leland. The Town will use its Powell Bill funds to aid and to continue to improve the
transportation conditions in Leland
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✓(6)(a)12) It is Town policy to include a system of sidewalks in the downtown area and to take
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measures to make this area more pedestrian friendly.
✓(6)(a)(13) The Town wishes to establish and to improve bikeways in Leland. Bike paths are
recognized as an alternative mode of transportation and an alternative which will help to alleviate
traffic congestion, road maintenance, and parking problems. Future roads projects will include
consideration of bike paths adjacent to the road.
✓(6)(a)(14) The Town of Leland would consider alternative methods of handling the movement
of people in the area. Private bus systems for elderly residents and the handicapped would be a
possible option. Private bus transportation to area beaches by interested entrepreneurs would also
be able to be licensed to operate in the Town of Leland.
✓(6)(a)(15) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to alleviate the existing traffic problems in the
downtown area.
✓(6)(a)(16) The Town of Leland will maintain rigorous standards for public streets.
Implementation: Transportation Planning & Transportation Plans— Subdivision
Regulations— Intergovernmental Cooperation— Bikeways Planning— Recreation Planning
b) -Annexation
✓(6)(b)(1) Leland's policy on annexation is that it may be by both petition and involuntary.
Satellite annexation is consistent with local policy. The NC General Statutes on annexation will
be followed to the letter of the law in all cases.
Implementation: Annexation Will Occur As Allowed in NC General Statutes
c)--Services provision
✓(6)(c)(1) Leland wishes to develop public/private partnerships for recreation and cultural
facilities.
✓(6)(c)(2) The Town of Leland shall work with the Metropolitan Planning Organization to
periodically evaluate the feasibility of transit service to all or any portion of the area.
✓(6)(c)(3) The Town of Leland and the MPO shall work with the State to examine the
feasibility of a regional rail system.
✓(6)(c)(4) Regional Wastewater System: The Town of Leland will work with Brunswick
County, Navassa, and the North Brunswick Sanitary District on the issue of regional sewer
service provision.
✓(6)(c)(5) Infrastructure improvements for new development projects shall include
consideration of recreation. Open space shall be provided by new subdivisions to the Town for
meeting the community recreational needs of citizens. If open space is not made available, a fee
shall be accepted in lieu of the land.
Implementation: Intergovernmental Cooperation— Cooperative Work with Private Sector
Entities— Transportation Planning
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d}Ordinance amendments
✓(6)(d)(1) Amendments to all ordinances shall be considered as prescribed by law.
Implementation: Ordinance Amendments Will Occur As Allowed in NC General Statutes
e)-ter
✓(6)(e)(1) It is Leland policy to support better enforcement of state and local regulations and to
develop performance measures to be utilized by Town Department Chiefs and Managers.
✓(6)(e)(2) The Town of Leland wishes to control the use of signs in a manner that recognizes
the aesthetic, safety, and commercial concerns and which preserves and protects our landscapes
and waterways.
✓(6)(e)(3) Leland will work to improve the coordination of Town and County planning and
development efforts.
✓(6)(e)(4) It is Town policy to establish, as possible, more local representation at the state level.
✓(6)(e)(5) Leland will give a high priority to the maintenance of existing education facilities.
✓(6)(e)(6) Leland shall create more stringent regulations to allow only less obtrusive
commercial signage and billboards.
✓(6)(e)(7) Leland will provide support and staffing for police services which will be at least
proportionate to the growth of the community.
✓(6)(e)(8) The Town of Leland will:
O Cooperate with public and private schools and colleges, including Brunswick
Community College, Cape Fear Community College and UNC-W, with their education,
vocational, and building programs. Leland recognizes that a common beneficial goal is
education and properly trained work force for business.
® Cooperate with programs that emphasize vocational training that will ensure that high
school graduates have adequate job skills.
® Cooperate with programs that will assist low income residents and the under -prepared
to improve their job skills.
✓(6)(e)(9) It is Leland's policy to wont with and to help the Brunswick County school system
and to encourage the optimum use of existing school facilities.
✓(6)(e)(10) Leland's policy is to work with school system officials to plan and locate schools to
help ensure cooperation and better, shared use of facilities and campuses.
✓(6)(e)(I 1) It is Leland policy to provide for future expansion when building new public
facilities.
✓(6)(e)(12) Leland officials will develop an understanding of the long term costs and
implications of computer technology.
✓(6)(e)(13) Leland will strive to develop specialized skills and training programs for its
employees.
✓(6)(e)(14) It is Leland policy to encourage school system officials to give priority to, and
renew the emphasis on, vocational education programs in secondary schools.
✓(6)(e)(15) Leland's growth policy will include involving private industry in the public
education/citizen participation process.

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✓(6)(e)(16) Leland will explore and develop joint public/private investment opportunities and
will consider, as appropriate, the privatization of municipal services.
✓(6)(e)(17) A portion of Leland's housing stock consists of manufactured homes. The Town
finds the continued use of these structures to be acceptable. These affordable structures are
permitted according to the provisions described within the Zoning Ordinance.
✓(6)(e)(18) Central Business District Revitalization: It is the policy of the Town of Leland to
improve business opportunity in the downtown area. The Town accepts responsibility for its part
in the realization of economic health and vitality and will work with the business community, the
NC Downtown Development Association, the Chamber of Commerce, the Committee of 100, and
other appropriate agencies to do whatever is possible to insure success.
✓(6)(e)(19) The Town of Leland wishes to enhance its downtown area through planning and
economic revitalization. The Town wishes to make the downtown area more pedestrian friendly.
The Town wishes to explore all opportunities to positively impact the shopping experience of
visitors and residents.
✓(6)(e)(20) The Town will seek to use all available public (local, State and federal) and private
resources which may help to achieve success downtown. Business owners, potential business
owners, and people with ideas to share are welcome in Leland.
Implementation: Intergovernmental Cooperation— Mutual Support & Assistance to Local
Government (Regional & State) Efforts to Improve Citizen's Quality of Life— Zoning
Ordinance— Provide Support for Area Efforts to Improve Transportation Systems— Apply
for Grants Which Will Create Opportunity within Leland— Enhancement of Public -Private
Cooperation on Matters of Mutual Concern— Work with the Brunswick County School
System— Revise & Enforce Sign Regulations
Section 7: STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST DISASTER RECOVERY
& EVACUATION PLANS — Policy Statements
✓(7)(1) The Leland Town Board supports the Brunswick County Emergency Management
Department's Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery & Evacuation Plan
✓(7)(2) The Town of Leland will work with the Brunswick County Office of Emergency
Management to provide services and relief to area residents in the case of an emergency or
disaster.
The Brunswick County Hurricane Evacuation Plan and the Brunswick County Emergency
Services Plan provide guidance to government officials, emergency services personnel, and other
agencies concerning Brunswick County's needs, means of control, and priorities in the event of
an emergency. The Plans outline specific responsibilities in the event of an emergency. These
Plans were developed in coordination with area municipalities and with interested State and
federal agencies. It is the purpose of these Plans to provide for orderly and coordinated
emergency services, as needed, for the people of Brunswick County.
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a)* description of the effects of those storms to which the community may be subjected
✓The Town of Leland may be subject to the following emergency situations79:
1 Floods-- Leland is subject to flooding caused by rain, wind, and tides along the rivers and the
creeks. Periods of high water are generally caused by high tides in concert with rain and a
sustained wind velocity of 20-25 miles per hour out of the east, especially the northeast.
i Hurricanes— These storms bring strong wind, rain, and a storm surge. The most damaging
hurricane in recent history was Hurricane Hazel in 1954. The hurricane season runs from June 1
through November 30 each year and this is the period of time during which most people visit
Brunswick County. Hurricanes Bertha and Fran (both in 1996, July and September respectively)
were the most recent stones of this type.
1 Tornadoes— Tornadoes are intense storms of short duration which consist of rotating winds
in a funnel shaped cloud and these storms have occurred many times in southeastern North
Carolina. These storms are known as water spouts when over water.
1 Severe winter storms-- In Brunswick County a severe winter storm occurs with some
limited regularity. The main effect of winter storms is immobility. Large areas of the County
could be isolated Severe ice storms and the accompanying loss of power and communication
could represent a huge financial loss to citizens and industry.
1 Nuclear attack— Hostile action may be taken against the U. S. by foreign forces resulting in
the destruction of military or civilian targets. No jurisdiction can be considered completely safe
from this kind of an attack. Even though Brunswick County or Leland may not be a target,
radioactive fallout may occur which would require evacuation or reception of evacuees.
Maj or fires-- There is a potential for a fire in the County which would be of such magnitude
as to create significant economic impact or result in a large number of casualties. Even while we
are a small and rapidly developing area, there are still large areas which are wooded and which
are susceptible to the threat of fire. The threat is largely seasonal, with the dryness of the spring
and summer seasons causing those months to be the most significant in terms of fire threat.
Leland has large wooded area within its jurisdiction.
1 Hazardous materials-- In Brunswick County there are facilities and dealers who are
considered generators or users of hazardous materials. These materials must be transported.
There is a potential existing that a break, a fire, or an explosion associated with the transport of of
these materials could happen. No hazardous materials are known to be stored in Brunswick
County in, or in the vicinity of, Leland.
1 Fixed nuclear facilities-- The Carolina Power & Light Company (CP&L) operates 2 Nuclear
Reactors in Brunswick County. A 10 mile emergency planning zone exists around the Brunswick
Nuclear Power Plant.
i Aircraft-- There is a potential for an airplane crash in Brunswick County. The County is
very close to large military installations and the possibility of a crash or accident associated with
these operations is possible. The closest airport to Leland is the New Hanover County Regional
Airport. This airport is not within the planning jurisdiction of the Town of Leland.
1 Rail-- The rail transportation system for Brunswick County does not cross Leland's
79 This is an extensive but not intended as an all inclusive list.
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' jurisdictional lines. It is possible, in a catastrophic situation involving large amounts of
hazardous materials, that Leland residents could be effected. Rail transportation within New
Hanover County, across the Cape Fear River, also has the potential for hazard for the Town of
Leland.
' 1 Drought— Agricultural operations in Brunswick County would be effected by drought.
There are no significant agricultural operations within Leland's planning jurisdiction.
Earthquake-- The threat of this earth shaking experience, due to a fault or ground failure, is
real. Brunswick County has experienced a history of seismic activity occurring approximately
once every ten year;. For the last several hundred years, these shaky situations have been
relatively minor in effect.
Power failure-- The loss of electrical service from damage to the distributing system or
generating capability of sufficient duration to require alternative sources of power to prevent
human suffering or property damage. Power failure can result from a blackout or as a result of
natural or man-made circumstances. The most likely circumstance where this would effect
Leland would be as a result of a storm.
Civil disorder/terrorism— The threat of terrorist attack or violent protest is possible in
Brunswick County.
Pipeline accident-- There are pipelines in Brunswick County which distribute natural gas
and petrochemicals to commercial and residential users. There is a potential, in the event of a
pipeline break, for fire or an explosion to result. This threat is not currently extant in Leland.
1 Energy emergency-- Any energy emergency will, most likely, occur in concert with a
national or State energy shortage. Leland has no special threat to citizens or property as a result
of this hazard.
' The Town of Leland has no special plans for many of the emergencies mentioned previously and
wishes to work with the County of Brunswick on mitigation, preparedness, recovery and
evacuation.
b)* hazards man
✓This map is a part of this Land Use Plan Update and is included as an insert in the back of this
' document.
c)* policies which will mitigate the effects of high wind and flooding
Storm hazard mitigation actions are, by definition, those actions which will reduce the impact of
a storm event. Storm hazard mitigation policies are those local government policies which will
aid local government administrators and appointed or elected officials with the adoption of
implementation actions which will reduce the threat of storm hazard. The types of storm events
which may catastrophically or negatively effect the Town of Leland includes hurricanes and
' tornados. Both types of storms are extremely powerful and unpredictable forces of nature.
Hurricanes are large low pressure systems which form in the tropics and may move into our
region. These storms bring strong winds. (In fact, the defining factor of a hurricane is that it
' must be a tropical disturbance with winds in excess of 74 miles per hour (mph).) Hurricanes may
spawn tornados which are severe whirlwinds and which are extremely dangerous. There are four
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causes of fatality and property damage during these two storm events. (1) high wind; (2) flood;
(3) wave action; and, (4) erosion. Two of these causes of property damage and death (high
wind and flood) are pertinent to Leland.
Wind is the major determinant of a hurricane. Any tropical storm with sustained wind in excess
of 74 mph is classified as a hurricane. Hurricanes are judged by their power according to a model
known as the Saffir-Simpson scale. This measure of the power of a hurricane classes hurricanes
according to a sliding scale from 1 to 5 (with category 5 storms as the most severe). Category 5
storms are rare. Leland would be somewhat protected from the full brute force of a hurricane as
a result of its location. The friction or impact of the storm hitting land from the water causes
dissipation of the full force of the storm though there is still tremendous energy left to overtum
mobile homes, down power lines and other public utilities, destroy crops, and fell trees.
Tornados are extremely forceful whirlwinds which effect a much narrower path than a hurricane.
These storms may have winds in excess of 300 mph and are the most powerful wind storms.
Rain may also be associated with these storm events. During a tornado strike, structures built by
man do not fare well and are most often completely destroyed Tornados are more common
visitors to Brunswick County than hurricanes. Over water tornados are known as water spouts.
Man's successful efforts to mitigate the effect of tornados has been negligible due to the raw
power of these storms.
As a result of possible hurricanes and tornados, wind stress is an important consideration in storm
hazard mitigation planning for Leland.
Leland hereby adopts the following policies:
✓(7)(c)(1) Leland will continue to enforce the NC Building Code, particularly those provisions
which require construction standards to meet wind resistive factors (i.e., design, wind velocity).
✓(7)(c)(2) Leland will encourage the placement of utilities underground for all new
development.
✓(7)(c)(3) The North Carolina Uniform Building Code is used by Leland to manage
development and to minimise potential wind damage. It is the policy of the Town Leland to
support the State Building Code on wind resistant construction with design standards of 110 mph
wind loads. The Town shall require the enforcement of the NC Building Code and especially
those provisions which require construction to meet wind resistive factors. This policy will be
enforced through the Town of Leland's cooperative effort on construction inspection with
Brunswick County.
✓(7)(c)(4) It is the policy and intention of the Town of Leland to continue as a participant in the
National Flood Insurance program.
✓(7)(c)(5) Leland will discourage high intensity uses and large structures within the 100-year
floodplain through the Zoning Ordinance.
✓(7)(c)(6) With the tremendous rainfall known to occur accompanying hurricanes, and with the
storm surge which may cause rivers, streams, tributaries, and branches draining an area to clog
and to back up, riverine flooding in Leland is a hazard. Flooding during a storm event may cause
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extensive damage. Low areas exist in Town in some spots not immediately adjacent the creeks or
rivers. These areas are also subject to flood. The Town is a member of the Federal Emergency
Management Agency's National Flood Hazard Protection Program. Since hazards are known to
exist, the consideration of possible flood damage is an important part of Leland's storm hazard
mitigation policy planning.
d)* policy to discourage development in those areas deemed most hazardous
✓(7)(d)(1) Leland will discourage high intensity uses and large structures from being
constructed within the 100-year flood plain, erosion prone areas, and other areas susceptible to
hurricane and other storm event flooding.
✓(7)(d)(2) It is Town policy to consider the purchase of parcels located in hazardous areas or
rendered unbuildable by storms or other events for recreation proposes. Subdividers, through
negotiation and by mutual agreement, may be required to set aside a portion of any proposed
subdivision found to be in a hazardous area as a condition for project approval due to public
safety considerations.
✓(7)(d)(3) Leland will carefully control development activities within the 100 year floodplain to
minimize development, require low intensity uses such as open space and recreation, and ensure
strict compliance with state and federal regulations concerning wetland protection.
' e)* policies dealing with the public acquisition of land in those most hazardous areas
✓(7)(e)(1) It is Town policy to consider purchasing parcels located within hazard areas or
rendered unbuildable by storms or other events for the purpose of recreation. Developers may be
required to provide such properties as open space under circumstances related to the issuance of a
conditional use permit or as a part of the subdivision approval process.
f)* policies dealing with evacuation
✓(7)(f)(1) The Town will improve the awareness of the Brunswick County Emergency
' Management System.
✓(7)(f)(2) The Town of Leland will operate in emergencies according to the procedures laid out
in the Brunswick County Emergency Management Plan.
✓(7)(f)(3) It is not anticipated that Leland will be evacuated as a result of a hurricane or storm
event. It is recognized that other extreme emergency situations may require immediate
evacuation. Leland will work with the Brunswick County Office of Emergency Management
under such circumstances to assure the safety of citizens.
✓(7)(f)(4) The Town of Leland wishes to work with Brunswick County, the Town of Navassa,
and the Town of Belville on all matters relative to the safety of area residents and visitors. Town
officials believe Leland will serve as a model for Brunswick County communities who are
experiencing a crisis and Town leaders suggest other communities may wish to emulate the
systematic and well thought out process described herein.
g)* the county ememena management plan
' ✓(7)(g)(1) Leland will continue to support plans for the safe transportation of hazardous
materials, for the clean up of spills of toxic materials, and the evacuation of area residents in
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response to natural or man-made hazardous events. ,
✓(7)(g)(2) Leland supports and will operate according to the provisions of the Brunswick ,
County Emergency Management Plan.
✓(7)(g)(3) The Town of Leland has confidence in the disaster preparedness plan of the
Brunswick County Office of Emergency Management and as Town policy hereby supports, '
accepts, and adopts the provisions of this plan relative to the evacuation and general safety of the
Town of Leland.
h)*
polices directing reconstruction over an extended period of time
✓(7)(h)(1) In hurricane damaged areas, the Town of Leland will give priority to those repair
that restore service to the greatest number of people.
'
✓(7)(h)(2) Because of the density of development within the Town of Leland, which is much
more densely developed than the surrounding areas of the County, and because of the possibility
of extensive damage caused by a major storm, it may be necessary for the Town to prohibit all
redevelopment activities for a period of time following a storm event. This development
moratoria would allow Town officials the opportunity to carefully assess all damage in light of
existing policies, building regulations, and ordinances, and to determine the steps necessary for
redevelopment. This will be particularly crucial should major public facilities be destroyed The
intent of this moratorium would be to avoid similar circumstances in the event of future storms.
If a moratorium is declared, it will be declared by the Town Council. The time frame for this
,
moratorium will be consistent with the extent of damage. The length of any moratorium declared
will be set by the Town Council.
✓(7)(h)(3) Post -Disaster Recovery:
'
Leland officials recognize that in the event of a major storm making landfall in the
vicinity of Town there will very likely be damage to homes, businesses,`public utilities,
roads or other features of Town which will require coordinated clean-up and prior thought
given to the process of returning to pre -storm status. As a means of assisting with this
return to non -storm status, the Town of Leland hereby appoints a Disaster Recovery Team
'
consisting of the following members:
Mavor Town Council Town Manager
The Mayor will serve as the team leader and the base of operations will be Town Hall.
This team will work with the Brunswick County Office of Emergency Management and
will be responsible for the following:
1. Establishing a restoration schedule.
2. Setting priorities for restoration.
3. Determining requirements for outside assistance and requesting such assistance
'
when beyond local capabilities.
4. Keeping appropriate County, State, and federal officials informed.
5. Keeping the public informed.
6. Assembling and maintaining records of actions taken and expenditures and
obligations incurred.
'
7. Recommending to the Mayor to proclaim a state of emergency ....... if warranted.
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8. Commencing and coordinating clean-up, debris removal, and utility restoration
which would include coordination of restoration activities undertaken by private
utility companies (if any).
9. Coordinating repair and restoration of essential public facilities and services in
accordance with determined priorities.
10. Assisting private businesses and individual property owners in obtaining
information on the various types of assistance that might be available to them from
local, State, and federal agencies.
11. Coordinating public safety.
✓(7)(h)(4) As a further aid in the return to normal operations following a storm event, and in
circumstances where damage may be quite bad (or catastrophic) the Town will prepare a list of
local residents who should be allowed free access to the Town in the aftermath of a storm event.
These people would be allowed to return in the event of a blockading of the Town. The persons
on this list will be referred to as the Damage Control Team and will include the Mayor, Town
Council, the Town Manager and others (including Town employees, electricians, carpenters,
plumbers, volunteer fire and rescue personnel) who may be of assistance in a return to pre -storm
status.
✓(7)(h)(5) Following the storm event, the Town will begin clean-up operations and debris
removal. State and/or federal assistance will be requested and if available will be used for a
variety of purposes (including — cleaning streets, roads, bridges, culverts, etc., and to assist the
elderly and infirm who may be in immediate need of assistance).
✓(7)(h)(6) Reconstruction activity will occur in accordance with the Town's building and land
use regulations and policies.
✓(7)(h)(7) Structures which are rendered destroyed or which have sustained major damage and
which did not conform to the Town's Building Code, Zoning Ordinance, or other storm
mitigation policy standards must be redeveloped according to those policies and regulations. In
some instances this will mean the relocation of buildings or structures, in other instances this may
mean no reconstruction will be allowed. Building permits to restore structures which have
received major damage or which have been destroyed and which were in conformance with
municipal ordinances and storm mitigation policy standards will be issued. All structures
suffering major damage will be repaired according to the NC Uniform Building Code and
according all other pertinent, State, local, or federal rules and regulations. All structures which
conform with the Town's ordinances and which suffered minor damage, will be allowed to
rebuild.
i)* schedule for staging and permitting rgpgim
✓(7)(i)(1) Leland will seek to immediately remove and clean up debris from roads following a
major storm event. The North Carolina Department of Transportation will remove and cleanup
debris from publicly maintained roads immediately following a major storm event. Private
development homeowners will be responsible for the clean-up of debris on private roads. Other
State or federal agency assistance may be requested in this effort.
✓(7)(i)(2) Leland policy on the schedule for repairs is as follows: Whose services effecting the
largest number of people will be permitted first. ®Priority will be given to those whose needs are
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most extreme.
✓(7)(i)(3) Damage Assessment — Following a stone event or emergency, damage assessments
will be made to determine as quickly as possible a realistic estimate of the amount of damage
caused by a hurricane, major storm, or other emergency. Information such as the number of
structures damaged, the extent of the damage, and the total estimated value of property destroyed
will need to be developed. The following general criteria shall be used in damage assessment:
wDestroyed — = repairs would cost more than 50% of value.
wrMajor damage --- = repairs would cost more than 30% of value.
ArMinor damage — = repairs would cost less than 30% of the value
but the structure is currently uninhabitable.
O'Habitable --- = some minor damage with repairs less than
15% of value.
Each damage assessment will be documented according to County Tax Department records. Also
Town tax maps and records will be used for identification purposes. The total estimated dollar
value of damages will be summarized and reported at the completion of the survey or, in the case
of extensive damage, at regular intervals during the assessment.
✓(7)(i)(4) The following schedule of activities and time frame are approved with an
understanding that, realistically, there are many factors which must be considered during a storm
event and some of these items may render this schedule unworkable or not feasible. It is the
policy of the Town of Leland to take all actions to complete the reconstruction process as quickly
and conveniently for all citizens as possible.
Activfty Time Frame
®Complete & report damage assessments X2 weeks after storm (or emergency)
®Begin repairs to critical utilities and facilities XAs soon as possible
®Permitting of reconstruction activity XFollowing the assessments of repairs
necessary
j)* policies on the repl ca ement ofpublic infrastructure
✓(7)0)(1) Leland's policy will be to replace or relocate public utilities which have sustained
major damage due to a hurricane storm event away from hurricane hazard areas or to strengthen
their construction.
✓(7)0)(2) If (as a result of an emergency situation) public utilities (including street and roads)
are damaged or destroyed, it will be Leland policy to make a determination (based on the
information available) on whether the facilities will need to be moved to a less hazardous
location. In such case the facilities may be relocated during the reconstruction period. The
Mayor, the Town Council, Town Manager, the Town Engineer and other experts will (or may) be
responsible for oversight on the repair or reconstruction of public utilities.
✓(7)0)(3) As a means of eliminating visual blight and to protect utilities in case of storm, it is
the policy of the Town of Leland to encourage the placement of utilities underground for all new
development and redevelopment projects.
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Section 8: LAND CLASSIFICATION
The land classification system provides a framework which will guide the Town of Leland in
identifying the future use of all lands within the Town's planning jurisdiction. Some of the lands
in Town are more suitable than others for development activity. The description of the classes
herein outlined will allow Leland officials to illustrate graphically their policy statements on
where and at what intensity they wish future growth to occur. This Plan section, and the
' accompanying map, will illustrate where the Town wants to conserve resources by guiding
growth.
The Coastal Resources Commission has designated (through the use of the Planning Guidelines) a
land classification system which has seven classes each identified by intensity of use and the
extent of urban services offered. These seven classification categories (developed, urban
' transition, limited transition, community, rural, rural with services, and conservation) have been
carefully reviewed by the Town of Leland. As is frequently the case, some of the land
classification categories were not applicable to Leland. Sometimes, as in this situation with
several categories, the fit may be perfect.
The Town of Leland wishes to select and use 3 of the above mentioned land classification
categories. The Town recognizes the categories named above are "guidelines," suggested by the
North Carolina Coastal Resources Commission through input from their staff, the NC Division of
' Coastal Management.
The following land classifications apply within Leland's planning jurisdiction:80
DEVELOPED — URBAN TRANSITION -- CONSERVATION
' Lands classified as "developed" lands within the Town of Leland's land classification scheme are
' those areas which are currently developed and which now have, or will have available within the
ten year planning period described within this document, the full slate of municipal services.
Approximately thirty-five to forty percent of Leland is within the developed land classification
category. All of those lands which are described as developed are located within "traditional"
Leland.
' Some small portions of those lands described as developed may be subdivided and will become
' 80 Please review the Land Classification Map (which is folded into the back of this
document) for a graphic depiction of where each of the areas described is located.
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suitable for development within the planning period. Redevelopment of developed areas within
the planning period is also possible and is expected. Developed areas will be eligible to receive
water, sewer, municipal and State streets and roads, sidewalks, bike paths, public access projects,
parks, bridges, drainage systems, and other public utilities.
Development activity in "developed" areas will be governed by the existing body of local, State,
and federal regulation. The overriding concern of the Town of Leland is that all development
activity be consistent with the local rules and regulations governing land use development. These
rules and regulations are found primarily in Leland's Zoning Ordinance and Subdivision
Regulations. Land development activity may also be governed by rules incorporated within other
local ordinances or in development plans which will be produced by the municipality, such as
Recreation Plans, Stormwater Management Plans, Roads Plans or Thoroughfare Plans, Capital
Facilities Plans, and others.
Leland is going through a period of tremendous growth. Land herein classified as "developed"
are suitable for development of any type which is allowed by local ordinance and State and
federal regulation.
Lands classified "urban transition" in Leland constitute the vast majority of those lands in Town.
Fifty to sixty percent of Leland is classified as "urban transition." This classification describes a
large recently annexed area which is currently being developed, and which is therefore in
transition, as well as undeveloped areas of "traditional" Leland. "Urban transition" areas are
suitable for the full range of municipal services and are slated to receive the full range of these
services within the planning period. This classification is designed to provide for continued
intensive development within the Town.
As the classification category heading suggests, "urban transition" lands are areas which are, or
which may or are expected to be, in a state of transition within the planning period. Development
activity in areas described as "urban transition" must be consistent with local land use
development regulation.
The difference between those areas described as "urban transition" and "developed" is that those
areas described as developed (for the most part) have been developed, or are in areas of Town
that are developed Areas described as "urban transition" are either currently undeveloped (which
describes most of them) or they are anticipated as areas which may transition or become
something other than what they now due to development within the planning period "Urban
transition" lands are in the process of becoming developed.
Uses within either of these categories ("developed" or "urban transition") must be consistent with
local development regulations. Uses which are allowable within the "developed" classification
are also allowable within the `urban transition" classification.
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CONSERVATION
The Conservation classification within the Town of Leland applies to all Areas of Environmental
Concern (AEC's) and all federal protected wetlands areas. The wetlands areas and AEC's are (in
most cases) too small and too widely dispersed within the Town's planning jurisdiction to be
accurately depicted on the Land Classification Map. For federal wetlands, a site survey will
continue to be required to determine if freshwater wetlands exist on a given site. These areas
must be identified by a qualified wetlands consultant, approved by the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, or by a representative of the Corps. Development activity within wetlands is
discouraged by Town policy. Town regulation does not expressly prohibit wetlands
development. If the requested action may be permitted by State or federal agencies, then the
action may be allowed within the Town of Leland. All development activity in Leland must be
consistent with local ordinances. The Subdivision Regulations requirements for approval of a
new subdivision allow for a negotiated agreement on development activity. The Town will work
with future subdividers to avoid wetlands areas.
Community infrastructure improvements or new community infrastructure (including roads,
bridges, water lines, sewer lines, water towers, etc.) are consistent with the Conservation
classification in Leland.
Development activity in AEC's is regulated by the State of North Carolina. If these AEC's are
also within the Town of Leland, all local planning rules and regulations must be adhered to as
well. All AEC's are defined as Conservation areas in Leland. Commercial, residential, and
public utility type development is permitted within the Conservation classification in Leland.
The NC Division of Coastal Management, in Wilmington, NC, is the appropriate point of contact
for those persons interested in receipt of a major development permit." Minor permits may be
received from the local permits officer who may be found at Town Hall.82
For questions concerning development activity which would be consistent with the intent of this
planning document, please contact the District Planner, NC Division of Coastal Management, at
[phone].
Section 9: RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES & LAND CLASSIFICATION
The North Carolina Coastal Resources Commission requires a statement within each Land Use
Plan in coastal North Carolina on how policies within the Land Use Plan relate to the land
classification categories. For all readers and for all agency personnel who may read and interpret
this document, be advised that the Town of Leland has given careful thought to the policies
$' For further information please call [phone]/350-2004 fax.
B2 For further information please call [phone]/371-1073 fax.
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contained herein. The Land Use Plan creation process was long and involved many difficult
selection opportunities on policy. The policies which have emerged and which are contained
within this document represent the best effort of Town officials to create policy which reflects the
Town's position on long-term growth The Land Classification Map is the graphic depiction of
how the Town desires these policies to be enforced on the land areas in and around the Town.
It is the desire of Town officials to have Town ordinances created and enforced which will be
consistent with Town policy (contained herein) and which policy is depicted on the Land
Classification Map which is a part of this document. The Land Classification Map is folded in
the back of this document.
Section 10: INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION & IMPLEMENTATION
The Town of Leland will continue to work with Brunswick County, Navassa, the North
Brunswick Sanitary District and other area municipalities and entities, both corporate and private,
on matters of mutual concern. It is recognized within the Town that both the County and Leland
have resources and staff personnel which may be of great assistance to one another. Leland
wishes to encourage and to promote further cooperation. Some of the areas in which the Town
would like to work more closely with area local governments include the following (in no
particular order):
❑ Commercial development and the recruiting of appropriate commercial type businesses to
Leland.
❑ Planning and the regulation of development.
❑ Provision of police, fire and rescue services.
❑ Emergency management planning and implementation.
❑ Parks and Recreation services.
❑ Water and sewer services extension
❑ Sheriffs Department.
❑ Register of Deeds.
❑ Transportation planning activities and improvements in Brunswick County, particularly
on a Thoroughfare Plan specifically for the Town of Leland.
❑ Brunswick County library.
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❑ Regional sewage treatment system.
❑ Schools/Education.
The Town recognizes the municipal boundary is not the full extent of the area of concern
effecting the Town of Leland. The County and other area municipalities have much to share in
terms of experience and expertise. New Hanover and Brunswick County municipal managers,
administrators, and clerks have a wealth of experience. Rather than each individual local
government re -inventing the solution to a problem, the Town of Leland suggests cooperation and
a pooling of resources on those ways that cost savings and administrative efficiency may be
achieved. It is the intention of the Town of Leland to make the best use of all types of resources
available and to strive to make the Town of Leland a model small Town and abetter place to live
through the sharing of experience.
It is recognized that those land areas which are the maximum extent of the Town of Leland's
municipal limit border on lands which are covered by a different ordinance for zoning, land
subdivision, minimum housing, nuisance, etc. The Town wishes to work with the County on the
adoption of ordinances which will have some similarity of purpose. The long-range goal for all is
a better living environment for the citizens of Brunswick County.
County residents share a common destiny, and just as a common future for those who stay in the
County is indisputable, any inconsistencies in policy or design of land management systems and
ordinances will always be able to be discussed at the Town of Leland. Municipal officials would
also like to recognize this same level of cooperation at the County and to thank the County and
area municipal officials and staff for their assistance through the years and in advance for the
future .........
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JamesB. R= h Govemor
' Betty Ray McCain, Secretary
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources'.
Division of Ardum and Mstory
Jeffrey J. Crow, Director.
December 15,.1997
HaskellS.. Rhett I11-
Management Services Director .
' Cape Fear Council of Governments
1480 Harbour Drive
Wilmingtorr NC 28401
r Re Leland Land Use Plan. Update, Brunswick
'County; ER 98-8055
Dear Mr. Rhett
Thank you for;your letter of November 19,.:1997, concerning the above project.
i'According to our files,:no.archaeological sites have been. recorded within the Leland
planning area, nor have any. surveys, been conducted. • The..possibility ewsts that
archaeological sites ranging:.from.the prehistoric to the historic period may be
located in the town; particularly along Banton. Branch, Branch Mill Creek, and the
Brunswick River.. Of concern are areas where modem :development has not .:..
occurred, as these areas may contain undisturbed; and significant archaeological
remains. We recommend that the Leland Land Use. Plan reference this potential and
the need for careful review of all development plans situated within previously.
undisturbed areas.:
The above comments are made pursuant to Section :106 of the National:Historic .
Preservation Act and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations
for Compliance with Section 106 codified. at 36 CFR Part 800
. Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. _If you have questions
concerning the above comment,--please'contact Rened Gledhill -Earley; environmental
review coordinator, at 919/733-4763
SincerelY. .
David Brook
Deputy State Historic Preservation' Officer .

i" ATTACHMENT F
Prsion Brainstorming
Leland Land Use Plan Update
November 25, IM �-- Planning Board Meetings
0 S-Bike paths, sidewalks, five flowing =Me, bridges raised, local pins waidag with other local plans and
regional plans for area improvement, another interchange on 74/76 on Old Faydteville Road,15ghway
improvements (Village Read, Old Fayetteville Road, South Navassa Road, mad Carolina Ave=)
❑ S-LJpdated Leland Evacuation Plan, municipal cable TV service, enhanced police oaimmtmication (toveer� .
increased police personnel, municipal fire and rescue service, municipal complex with complete services,
- increased administrative staff (arcing, building, housing, ete.1 911 in Leland (and for Leland)
0 7-Planning fig senior citizens
0 7-Stotmwater rimoff handled, clean river and environment, industryeompad with environment
0 6 Playgroand/park/commtmity center with swimming pool fa children, museum, playhousehhe�e, service
r0 5-Adequate school facilities and programs (computes, communication links, etc.)
0 5dlndergnrnmd.power Imes
0.5-Solid waste pick-up
❑ 4-Coatmercial growth
CI 4-Bounday expansion ofmrmicipality
. 0 4-Regcling enter/progrmm
O 4-Business growth: office, institutional, and professional
0 4-Preserve wetlands'
0 3-Trauspottation bttses/ra41/water/ferry
0 3-Low income housing available
0.3-Rest home
LI 3-Besutificatioa: roadways and green space
O 3-hospital meets local health needs
❑ 3-Industrial growth
03-Aealt club -municipal .
Cl 2-ITistork preservation district
0 24Uverrecreation areas
0 2-Caprice larger share of tocasst in
02-Ccaamumicycollege
01-FjTansion of ln=ryl
01-Work with oilier mtmicipalhhes to -solve problems on a regional scale
' ❑ I-Headstat/Smatstartprogran
01-Environmentally friendly infrastradia a (don't plant trees by sewer Imes)
01=Consolidation ofmunicr Wines
' 0 I -Drug rehabilitation center '
01-Adegcrate evacuation shelters
01StadiEln for sports fi=&Y
' . 0 0-Expansion of municipal wildlife Oppmtamity
0 Q Local cooperation mud input on school needs
O 0-Consclidatioa of services
00-Proper reforestation of cut dinber .
0O-2i==Trails
0 0-Lewer Taxes
s The public meeting at which the above thoughts were captured was an advertised PublicMeeting. All
those present were allowed to contribute ideas to the proceedings (There was 8 local residents mad Planning
c Board members present) AIl Masons present were given the oppar dnnity to discuss community vision and they all
voted to rank the most important vision items. The results shown above, in ranked arch, are the result of that vote
(#'of votes - issue). This is a wish list for the year 2001

�. • GENERAL (ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA .
1989 SESSION
RATIFIED] BILL
= CHAPTER 564.
HOUSE..BILL 6t6..
AN ACT TO iNCORPORATE THE TOWN OF Li:LAND, SUBJECT TO A
-REFERENDUM
{ ' The. General "Assembly of`North Carolina enacts
Section' 1.:A` Charter for the Towii of Leland is enaeied to read: •
"CHARTER OF:THE TOWN.: OF.LELAND:.;
"Chapter I
"incorporation and. Corporate Powers.
"Section 11. incor1wration and Corporate. Powers. The. inhabitants of the Towin of Leland are a.body corporate and"politic under the name'Town of Letand'.•.'Under .
that name they 'have "all the •powers, :"duties; rights:, privilegges, and immunities
conferred, and imposed,upon.cities by rile general law of orth Carottna
"Chapter [I.
"Corporate Boundaries.
':Sec. 2.1. Tovrrt 13oitndades.. ;Until. modified in' accordance, with law; "the,
boundaries of the-Town'of Leland .areas, follows. `.
Lying and being in Brunswick County and begtnninfat a point.of`the confluence of
Sturgeon Creek . and ;the .Brunswick :River;'said beginning .point being'.located .'in .
Northwest :Township,1 Brunswick', County', North -Carolina, .and . thence from said
beginning point in a general -Westerly Westerly direction with the run of Sturgeon Creek. to the'.
confluence of.Stur eon Creek and Mill
Creek; thence in a general Westerly direction
and continuing with the run of'Sturgeon Creek to its Intersection with the Southern
right -of way:linc: of the new four'lane U: S. Highway 74-76, thence.in' a Southeasterly
direction with Ae Southern right-of-way line of the new U. S. Highway 74-76 to the
interchange'of said highway with .U; -S. Highway:l7,, and thence continuing with an
extension of the Southern right -of -Way tine ofthe new four I= U. S.. Highway 7476
as if would proceed through.the•. interchange. without. alteration to the point where
such extension would intersect with" the Southern right-of-way. line the new U.. S.
Hi hway'.74-76_East of said interchange-and_.thence continuing with said Southern
right -of way Ilne.of. the new U. S. Highway.74-76. it a No rtheasterly'direction to a
point in the center of the Brunswick .River, thence in a general Northerly direction ,
along the center of the Brunswick River to the point of confluence of the Brunswick
`River and Sturgeon Creek. said point being the point of beginning.
'Chapter III.
'Governing Body:
.':Sec 3.1. Structure* G* eraing Body; Number of Members. The. governing body
of the Town of Leland Is the Town. Council and the Mayor.,The Town Council has.
four members.
"Sec. 3.2 Mariner of .Electing Board.. The qualified voters of .the entire Town .
elect the rnembers of the Council:

w
Sec. 6..In such election, if a majority of the votes cast shall-
,. Incorporation of Leland` then Sections I through:3 of this act shall become effective
on the date that the Brunswick County Bonrd of Elections determines the result of
.
the election. The Brunswick County Board of Elections, shall
..:
providea. special filing
_ period for candidates, for the 1989 regular Town municipal election
if the date this.
act becomes effective is after the opening tlatc.for riling provided by G.S. 163-294.2.
Sec. 7, .Notwithstanding the description of corporate boundaries set out .
in Seca 2.1: of the Charter of Leland. any area .within .those corporate boundaries.
which .is annexed by another municipality by, an annexation ordinance adopted
pursuant to any provision of Article 4A' of Chapter 160A :of 'the General. Statutes
prior to. a favorable vote. on-incorpomtion as provided .for in' Sections 4. S. and .6 of
this act shall be excluded from the corporate boundaries of the.Town'of Leland.
Sec. $, This act is effective upon: ratification
In the General Assembly read three times and ratified this the 4th day of .
July. 1989:
.: JAMES.0 GARDNER
'Tattles C. Gardner'..-'...
Pregidcnt of.the Senate-
!, L MAYRnc
1. L:: .
_Mavrctic
Speaker of the House of Representatives
• :3

t
ORDINANCEAMEPIDINci CE ARTER .
FR .. .... .. OF - ... ..
.
THE TOWN OF LMOM, NORTH CAROUNA
. That Seetioa 3.4 of the Charter. of tha Town of lelaicd, Ncrth Carolina, is hereby.
amended =d= and by virt= of North Carolina GenerA S=m Section I60A-IO2 (S) et
seq. wih=by the third sent== pto dw end of that gbh in Soctioa 3.4 of the Charter
is ainended to read as follows
r
Sect 3 4 ... Tlse has the lama mi and and hs.°
1M
subject to thi satue eating Edna and regairec as ara Council
members lazl r tha general uw. "Ia deteanittlkag a quonhin; a majority %vM
of the Coun4 or in bang ==cd f m vatin&, the 11/frym is treated as a
,
tnattber Qf the Camcii The MAw, after paatuapatrag wah t osaCii
=tubers is a vote that results m a.ti ; Wray not vate a second tiam to hraak
�\
Adoptedtbig the ar daycf : M,6e0-h
eaa GG Speight, Tan
ATTEST
Town ClcdC
\I

L...,.._�.....�elrtn�Y.._. �t...�r�....� l...` C�.c:� � Le,. �F..:.:�ae...�1:�:..�i:;::.�_.....�1...._�:.:_.�._.. `�..,.�

ANALYSIS OF LAND USE PLAN EFFECTIVENESS
.The Town of Leland was created by the NC General Assembly in 1989. The initial Land Use Plan
for the Town of Leland was locally adopted in 1993. That same year the NC Coastal Resources
iCommission approved the locally adopted Plan for State use. The 1999 Land Use Plan Update is
the first change to the original document. The previous plan served the community well
The initial Land Use Plan was the basis for the creation and adoption of the Town's Zoning
Ordinance, Subdivision Regulations and Minimum Housing Code. The 1993 Land Use Plan did
not call for dramatic change. In 1999 Leland is faced with a host of challenges. Dramatic change
has begin.. This will be a lively time for Leland. The growth rate over the next ten years is
expected to exceed 300%. The community which we have known as Leland will be changed
forever.
The regulations governing landdevelopment activity in Leland have been amended repeatedly in
the years since 1993. The initial Land Use Plan has stood the test of time. This Land Use Plan
updates and revises the policies and facts contained within the previous document.
It is expected that with each revision of a Land Use Plan Update the next Plan will be refined to
meet the current needs of the community. Much time and effort was spent in the preparation of
the 1999 Land Use Plan policies.. The Town of Leland realizes the importance of the need for a
continuing planning effort. The kind of growth this community will face between 1998 and2008
doesn't happen without regular evolutionary and sometimes fundamental changes to the
community's land use regulation
This LUP, as with the 1993 LUP, is designed to allow the community to grow in a way which well
be in keeping with the desires of the elected and appointed officials of Leland. It is their views of
the firture which were exhibited in the 1993 Plan and which are exhibited herein.

I
ATTACHMENT L
' LAND USE PLAN POLICY STATEMENTS
The policies herein following are followed by a text page references for easy location of a general discussion in the Land Use Plan Update on
each P^Ircy.
RESOURCE PROTECTION —Policy StaterueWs
*}basic statement on resourcesymwction
✓(2XaX1) We mat preserve, protect, and enhance the area's natural resouroesbecanse the quality of our envir inu ent is an important ingredient
1 in ouroverall quality of life, including our potential for contimxd economic growth. (Pages 3, 24, 37, 60, 61)
✓(2XeX2) The protection of our reeousm a1u11 be pursued in a regional context with aces -wide planning through a political process that favors
long term goals over short term interests and provides accountability for the implementation of the goals and policies stated herein. (Pages 5,22,
24,50)
✓(2)(aX3) Leland supports all protection efforts and encoureges acquisition of Hess with a high rmource value by the Sate of NC wares land
mats. (Pages 33.44)
✓(2XaX4) Short-sighted or jimmatom cormmtaena of the am's natural rewur s shall be avoided. (Pope 09, 50)
✓(2XaX5) Efforts by other governmental and private agencies to wisely menage the natural resources of the area and the region shall be
supported. Wages 42,30)
✓(2XeX6) The Town of Leland will protect the Town's natural resources through the enforcement of adopted ordinances, which will be
consistent with land Use Plan policy, and through the identification and recognition of issues which may arise which will need attention. Leland
wishes to protect and to conserve resources through site evaluations, enforcement ofbuilding codes, subdivision and zoning ordinance
development and enforcement, and through the consistency provision of the Coastal Ames Management Act (consistency with policies in this
Land Use Plan). The Town will cooperate with State and federal agency regulatory roysitanente. The Town will else continue to seek to work
with Brunswick County government to offer the best quality oflife possible to area residents. (Pages 30, 31, 33, 36, 38, 57,108)
b) constesinu Its development
✓(2XbX1) Leland's planting arcs consists of several sail types which have severe limitations for development (including septic tank placement
and building foundations), The limitations an due primuily to either wetness, poor filtration, or ponding. At the same time, the Town does not
currently heva a centralized sewer system. Most of the lard area, however, consists of soil types with moderate to alight limitations for
development. It is the policy of the Town of Leland to pursue a cenarelizod sewer system (Pages 41,46,50, 52, 59)
✓(2)(bX2) Because of the possible presence of archaeological resources in previously undisturbed areas the Town of Leland believes Out all
development plans in emb areas should becarefully reviewed prior to appmvsl. Also, should any archaeological resources be discovered, the
State Division of Archives and History will be contacted. (Pages 46, 51)
✓(2XbX3) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to minimize development and to encourage low intensity land vaes (is., open space and/or
recreational type uses) in areas mbjed to mtmA erman-mede heza dons conditions (Pages 37, 38, 39, 63)
6e(2XbX4) Development and redevelopment activity in Leland should always happen in a way which minirmma adverse impacts to neighboring
property owners and future owners of the property being developed. Cultural and environmental artifacts or species which an irreplaceable or
limited in number should be protected. (Pages 30,54)
✓(2XbX5) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to limit development activity in those areas which he" unsuitable soils for the use proposed.
(Page 40
✓(2)(bX6) The Town supports continuing participation in the National Flood Insurance Program (Pages 34,45)
✓(2XbX7) It is the policy of the Town of Leland that any proposed projects which may be considered should be consistent with the existing
form and long-ange plain ofthis wmmrnity. Those people Out propose projects should design and build appropriate lnf lstmcnue, including
mar eportation facilities (to acoommodate any increases in traffic), These facilities shall include, but not be limited to the following types of
[Dada: arterial, collector and local roads, pedestrian walkways and bike patbo and lams (PagesS, 6, 34, 39, 50, 59)
c}anoreoriate fend axes in XC s
✓(2XcX1) The Town will cooperate with other pemdtiing agencies, Including NC LLCM (LAMA). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the
Brunswick County Health Department to restrict and regulate development in coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, and public tout auras. land
uses in these areas which are not consistent with the regulations and/or State and federal envirommiral protection regulations, will not be
permitted. (Pages 34, 40)
' ✓(2XcX2) Residential and commercial development coy be pemnined in estuarine shoreline areas consistent with State regulations on
development activity therein. (Page 42)
✓(2XcX3) Leland recognizes that the public has certain eateblisbad "public tat tights" to certain lard and water areas. These public areas else
support recreational fisheries, waterfowl hunting, touriw, and are else of significant aesthetic value. The presence of LelaW's public trust
water, may well be a valuable untapped asset in helping to provide additional recreation resources for the Towa (Pogo 44)
✓(2XcX4) Coutal Wetlands —The first priority of uses ofland in these areas should be the allowance of Dean which promote conservation of
these sensitive arena. Conservation mans no allowance of activity which will impose irreversible damage to the wetlands. Uses which requim
water access and water dependant was such as utility easements, fishing piers, docks, and bulkheade will be allowed, but rent adhere to the
regulatiam (15A NCAC 7H) des -bed for the coastal area by the NC CoasW Resaurces Commission. Shoreline accessfacilities wbch may
impact coastal wetlands and which am pemdttabte by NC LLCM are favored by the Town of Leland. (Pages 42, 65)
✓(2XcX5) The presence of coaxial wetlands (Le., regularly flooded salt marsh areas containing certain plant species) is not as significant in
Leland as in some other wantal communities. Most ofwhat mould be tamed wetlands in the Town consists of atmll pockets and fringe areas of
spartim alternaffim Any devdopmem activity in coastal wa0ands will be strictly tegaloted according to the State's rules and regula0om.
' Freshwater wetlands, which may exist within AEC's, my be developed according to regulations enforced by Brunswick County, 0e State of
North Caroline, the federal government, and the Town of Leland. These eras may contain and sustain remount species and a variety of types of
wildlife babiate. These are important natural resources to Leland. (Page 41)

I
0'(2XcX6) In order to promote the quality of the area waters as well u ®mnrize the Idreldeod of significant property Ion due to erosion or
flooding. Leland will pewit only mow usas which are comparable with both the dynamic nature of the estuarine ab teli. and the namod values
Of the estuarine shoreline consistent with the roles promulgated by the NC CRC and other state and federal regulations. Residential, reercu tioml,
and commercial uses may be permitted within the eamadiss shoreline, provided that: (Pages 442 5161, 62, 340 359 59)
,
(a) A substantial chance of pollution occurring from the development does not exist.
(b) Natural barriers to erosion are preserved and mt substantially weakened or eliminated.
(c) The construction of impervious surfaces and areas not allowing natural drainage is limited to that necessary for
development.
(d) Standards of the NC Sedimentation Pollution Control Act of 1978, as amendcd, are met.
(0) Development does not have a significant adverse impact on estuarine resources.
(I) Development does not significantly interfere with existing public rights or scout to, or use oC navigable water or public
resources Leland recegnizes the Bnmawwk and Cape Fear Riven are effected by a large watenbo l basin. Storm water
runoff, from various types of development, whether urban or oral in nature, can affect me watet's quality. Th Town
believes that a detailed, comprehensive storm water management/drainage plan needs to be developed locally. This plan
should consider stormwater management u well a water quality concoms.
✓(2XcX7) Leland will promote the conservation and management of its public treat water. Appropriate uses include flow allowed in estuarine
oration. The protection of public rout rights fornavigation and tecreation are, important to the Town of Leland. Projects wldcb would dirx0y or
indirectly block or impair existing navigation chancels, incresse shoreline erosion, deposit spoil below moon high water, cause adverse water
circulation patterns, violate water quality standards, or muse degradation of shellfish waters or fin fish propagation areas, shall generally not be
allowed. Allowable can shall be those which do mt muse detriment to me physical orbiological functions of public tout areas. Such Trans u
navigational channels, drainage ditches, bulkheads to prevent erosion, or piers, "docks shall be allowed, consistent with State and federal
regulations, and other Town development policies. (Pap 44)
✓(2XcXe) The Town of Leland wishes to prohibit the on, of am nine waters, estuarine shorelines, and public trust sew by development
activity which world result in significant adverse impact to the natural function of mew arms. (Page 44)
✓(2XcX9) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to only allow development activity in AECs which is consistent with State and federal
regulations and local ordinances. (Pages S9, 60)
d}water Quality emblems and maneeernent measures designed to teduce surface water quality Problems (Page 22)
61(2XdXl) Priority shill be given to environmental concerns, in particular water quality, when considering rho construction ad maintenance of
,
Transportation facilities. (Page 37)
61(2XdX2) A atom water management plan shall be created and implemented to minimize non -point secure pollution as part ofany,
redevelopment or infrastructure project over I acre in size. (Page 61)
✓(2XdX3) The Town ofleled will develop a priority list for teas that should be provided with sewer services, based on environmental
concerns, water quality concerns and servicing costs. (Pages 36, 108)
✓(2XdX4) The Town of Leland will adopt regulations which will have as a goat the minimization of the amount ofimperviom surfaces in
Town. (Pages 35, 44, 62)
✓(2XdX5) It is Town policy to minimize further dttaricration of the areas streams water quality and loss of public trust uses in the creels and
wards and to bring all water up to the highest quality possible. (Page 65)
✓(2X4X6) The Town will pursue Clem Water Management Trost Fund gran, as available for planting and acquisition ofbuffer tams. (Page
65)
61(2XdX7) The Town will pursue NC DCM greets for planning ptojects which will improve arm water quality. (Page 38)
✓(2XdX8) Leland seeks to carefully control development activities within area watersheds to prevent the degradation of water quality in the
,
Creeks and rivers and to ensure the protection of than vital natural reeOtpeea (Pagta 30, 46)
✓(2XdX9) Leland will allow one of shoreline and public coat water that provide benefits to the public and which satisfy the riparian access
needs of private property owner. (Pages 42,107)
e}motection of wetlmds (Pages 39,40)
i
✓(2XQX1) Leland will not encourage development in lomtiom with soil limitations fro foundations. (Page 40)
✓(2XeX2) Coital wetlands shall be protected according to the AEC requirements. (Page 41)
01(2)(eX3) Leland believes slut high density development should be directed awry from wetlands eras. (Pages 15, 36,49)
✓(2XeX4) The Town of Leland acknowledges that the burden of wetlands protection has fallen to local goverroents became State and federal
agencies are mt doing enough to protect than resources. Leland seas an important land was issue wbm nobody knowledgeable about the issue
seems to be in charge (with the exception of NC DCM when 404 welands are within the AEC) and where management of the destruction of
these even seems to have taken precedence over regulatory efforts to preserve and protect them. (Pages 24,40)
f)—flood hazard areas (Page*31, 34, 41)
✓(2XI)(1) Leland will permit development to take place in noted flood hazard areas, consistent with Lelad's enforcement of the Flood Damage
Prevention Ordinmce. (Page 41)
✓(2Xf)(2) A significant amount ofland in Leland, located primarily adjacent to the Brunswick River and Sturgeon Crock, is located in the 100
year flood zone, according to the maps prepared by FEMA (the Federal Emergency Management Administration} Sons of this aroo her &heady
b ecu developed. The majority of the area remains u ndew4opcd. The Town enforces s Flood Dmage Prevention ordinance and requitesrow
building construction to conform to special development standards in flood hard seen. (Page 41)
g)wutstandin¢ resource water (Page 24)
✓(2XgX1) Thew water are classified by the NC Division of Water Quality. They are recognized "being the highest qualitywatersin the State
of North Carolina. ORV s are defined as being unique and special surface water that are of exceptional State oratioal significance and which
have exceptional water quality. There are no ORW's within Leland's jurisdiction. Leland supports ih identification and designation of than
.
waters by the NC DWQ.

I
h)- oral mmmoe deyeloomen: issuer (Page 4)
✓(2XhXl) A basic statement of policy— The Town of Leland has developed and will continue to enforce its own local land um controls. These
ordinances regulate development in all of Leland's planning jurisdiction, excepting The waters of Spurgeon Creek (which are public trust waters
wbich ate regulated by lbe NC CRC staffed by tiro NC DCM). The Town enforces zoning and subdivision regulations and otberland use
controls. Building inspections in Leland ate dope through a cooperative arrangement with Brunswick County. (Pages 27, 30, 32, 36)
✓(2XhX2) It is Leland's policy to ensue the provision ofadequate landscaping and pee protection for paddng lots, residential areas, and
commercial and industrial projects, (Page 411
✓(2XhX3) Leland's long range policy is to establish a comprehensive system of furls and greenways (Page 37)
✓(2)(h)(4) It is Town policy to eliminate illegal trash dumping and local landfills through stria monitoring and enforcement of local ordinances.
(Pop 57)
✓(2XhX5) The Town of Leland will work to comma the compatibility of surrounding land uses within the vicinity of the Leland Industrial Park.
(The Industrial Park is not in Leland's planning jurisdiction.)
✓(2XhX6) Leland will work in cooperation with ama local governments to require that industrial permitting on the Brunswick and Cape Fear
Riven does not exceed the carrying capacity of them rivers. (Page 35, 46)
✓(2)(hX7) The Town of Leland wishes to preserve a certain percentage of its planning am in a "nshmd" or "open arcs" state. The mean by
which the Town of Leland proposes to accomplish ibis is by continuing to allow agriculture) and forestry type uses &tough 0e Town's Zoning
Ordinance. This type of activityis expected to ocoor in to outlying areat of Town and near the Industrial Park The purposeof Oils policyis to
allow the Town some means of maintaining a sor ewlat small Town send ideal type of community in the face of continuing development
pressure. The rights ofpdvate property owners will be respected. (Pap 37)
✓(2XhX$) The Town of Leland will consider the acceptance of donated property for the purpose ofbolding each property or for acme specific
designated future purpose, such as recreation ormudcipal or community type uses, and wishes to encourage persons who my consider such a
gift to contact Town staff or the Mayor. The Town also encourages donations of such property to Land Trusts or other conservation type
otgamations. The operation and maintenance of game preserves is consistent with Town policy. (Paps 59 Z49 33)
✓(2XhX9) The Town of Leland recognizes the historic and environmental importance ofits waterfront The Town wishes to take the steps
necessary to turn this waterfront into a viable community asset. The Town will work with waterfront property owners to encourage activity
which will allow residents and visitors to enjoy the waterfront area. The Town will seek flailing to create and implement a Muter Plan for
Recreation a a pan of this policy. (Pages 4, 24, 65)
i}- amrdous Orfrasile land areas (freshwater swamps, eocosins. 404 wetlands, cultural and historic areas. water sourly areas, man made
hazards l (Pages 23, 45, 46, 51, 66)
✓(2XiX1) Thera bas been no official documentation of cultural (historicluchmelogic) tamurces in Leland to date. Local residents have
expressed the need for a comp olsomive survey of the Town. Because ofits location on the Brunswick River, according to NC Division of
Archives end History, it is likely that the Leland area has hosted both prehistoric and historic settlements. Leland supports the inventory of
properties required to identify such rites and will serve to protect time resources once identified though its land use regulations. (Page 51)
✓(2Xi)(2) There are no majorman made hezatds in Leland. The Town believes that any existing (ard unknown) or possible form man-made
hazard (built or discovered) should be teviewed and analyzed carefully for possible safety hazards as eariy as possible. In any case regulatory
comphance win be mandatory for all projects to be constructed orrxonstrmcted. (Pap 39)
✓(2XiX3) Leland shall consider cultural romances preservation as a god of planting for any land use. This includes economic development
activity, hotting foram income)evelk and hanaportatiom (Pages 5, 26, 28)
✓(2XiX4) The town of Leland supports County, State, and federal regulations and policies which provide for continuing protection of those
' "fiagile area^ discussed within this land Use Flan. (Pap 39)
✓(2XiX5) Freshwater Swamps: Development activity in these areas most be consistent with the current federal rules and regulations governing
wetlands development activity. It is the policy of the Town that development activity is discouraged in swamps, mashes, and snowed in
wetlands according to regulatory requirements (Page 39)
✓(2XiX6) Man Made Hoard Areas: It is the policy of the Town to promote clean industry and to mitigate )cards. It is the policy of the Town
to oppose hazardous and noxious or dangerous facilities which may wish so locate within Leland. (Pap 39)
✓(2XiX7) It is the policy of the Town to preserve historic lands and properties. Development activity which would negatively effect historic m
archaeologic resources will be considered in light of the ways them seeouoca may be pre wnvd or pmtectod. Any outright destruction or
elimination of a resource of this type is pmlubited by Town ofl.eland policy. (Pap 51)
✓(2XiX8) The Town of Island will rely upon the North Brunswick Sanitary District and Brunswick County to notify them wen in advance of
any foreseeable problems concerning the regional sanitary sewerage system orthe water supply. (Pages 36, 52, 59)
✓(2XiX9) The Town of Leland considers its groundwater supply a extremely important and eno nrages conservation and reuse of water
mouses t wheneverpossible. Alternative meatmea for conservation (such as the recycling ofwater) win be encouraged in Leland. (Pages 40,
61)
✓(2XiX10) The town of Island supports and encourage the North Carolina Division of Water Quality and the NC Division of Cosset
Management in their efforts to educate the public on water quality issues. Specifically, the Town supports and will considerparticipation in the
NC DWQ 205()) Water Quality Planning Program, with the Cape Far Council of Governments. The Town else supports the NC DWQ 319
grants program (Pages 22.24, 37)
✓(2XiXi 1) The Town of Island is a participant sqd a full supporter of the NC DCM Plamdng elk Aeoess program. Tba Town of Leland also
looks forward to future participation with the Clean Water Management Trust Fund grant program; and possible receipt of program foods.
(Pages 5, 6, 24, 25)
✓(2XiX12) The Town of Leland offers fun support fmprognrms which win help to provide clanerwater and will continue to work to preserve
water quality to the am though compliance with State" federal regulations and through the enactment ofloal regulations. (Pages 22.24,
37)
✓(2XiX13) The Town of Leland will request funding assistance for the preparation of* stormwaterdainage plan within the planning period
coveted by this document (Pages 34, 35, 47, 49)
✓(2ftl,l) It is Town policy to support and protect wildlife and wildlife habiaL Arts in Town which become designated a public or private
wildlife sanctuaries, and which am a suitable environment for wildlife, dull be fully supported by the Town. Area which are privately owned
elan be the responsibility of the owner. The Town would consider acceptance of a gift or an inheritance of land for the purpose of preservation.
i

I
,
Land lying fallow, whether it be woodland or field (and not being used for storage of any type), is completely consistent with Town policy and is
supported. Any unused land which may be donated for public purposes to the Town, the State, or to a Land Trus4 would be consistent with
Town policy intent. (Pages 59 60)
✓(2XiXI5) Town policy on development activity within those auras which are adjacent to ORW's is that the davelopment should be low density
,
type development Activities which have the potential for degrading these waters through accident or 0uough time by increased use are
discouraged and may be pm)ubited by the regulatory power of the local government within the jurisdiction where then water exist and through
Stab regulation. The Town of Leland supports the NC DWQ's designatim of ORW s. (Pages 30, 66)
✓(2XiX16) The Town, in general, supports preservation ofareas which are suitable far agricultural activity one sWewide basis and within
,
Leland. This support and approval does not extend to agriculture livestock type operations which the To" will rot allow within itsjurisdiction
and which the Town of Leland feel$ is ant issue which should be regulated by immediately amending the NC General Statutes to clearly and
without qualification allow for County zoning of such uses. (Pages 11, 41, 49, 52)
j}means ofmotection for notable water wtroly (Page 52)
,
✓(2XjX1) As discussed previously, the Town of Leland's water service comes from the North Brunswick Sanitary District, which in turn
purchases water from the Brunswick County water system The County draws its water from a surface water supply watershed (the upstream
area of the Cape Fen River). The system is therefore not based on groundwater. Land uses near groundwater sources am regulated by the NC
Division of Water Quality (Groundwater Section} Leland mcognins the importance of protecting its potable water supplies and therefore
supports the enforcement of then regulations. (Page 52)
✓(2)jX2) Leland policy is to work to ensure that all land use and development decisions protect our groundwater aquifers. (Pages 40,61)
✓(2)(jX3) The Town of Leland will work with other area local governments and agencies to conserve and protect the beat woes$ of area
potable surface water and groundwater. (Page 24, 37, 61)
✓(2XjX4) The Town of Leland supports the NC Division of Water Quality (NC DWQ) and Own Hiles pmlecting surface water supply
watersheds. The Town of Leland supports to NC Division of Water Quality (Groundwater Section) efforts to enforce violations and to offer
assistance to those persons or entities interested in construction and development type activity which has a potential to effect groundwater
resources. The Town fully supports the NC Division of Water Quality's INC DWQ) rules regarding development activity our groundwater
source areas. Town policy is to enhance tie protection of these areas and to provide for groundwater recharge areas consistent with NC DWQ's
rules. The Town will support and report any violation of thou roles designed by the NC DWQ to protect this resource, (Pages 45, 52, 66)
✓(2XjX5) The Town of Leland supports water conservation efforts. (Page 22, 23, 24)
k}use of package treatment Plants and requirements statements on to ongoing mivate operation and maintenance of the '
Plant and orovi ns
for public assumption should the Private operation fail (page 52)
✓(2)(kXl) In the absence of a cennaliaed sewer system, all new and existng dwellings should have properly installed and functioning septic
tanks. This will help minimize the likelihood of groundwater and surface water pollution from $optic tanks. 16e Town will rely on decisions
tendered by to Brunswick County Health Department regarding soil suitability for septic hnka and required dialamxs from domestic water
,
sources. (Page 46)
✓(2)(kX2) There is limited public ewer service in Leland's planning jurisdiction. Such service consists of a publicly owned package treatment
plant serving two shopping centers and a portion of the Magnolia Greens Subdivision. It is the policy of Leland to restrict, and possibly pmbsbi4
construction of additional package plants unless they are deemed necessary and can be constructed within the overall intent of this plan and meet
federal and Sate environmental regulations. Until public seweris available, package treatment plants orconnection to the existing system, will
be required for all new commercial development AD new commercial development shall comed to the Town of Lela ul's sewer system as soon
"capacity is available. (Page 36,52)
✓(2Xk)(3) The Town has applied for funds through the FHA (Farmer's Home Administration) and has entered into an agreements with
,
Bmeawick County, the North Brunswick Sanitary District and the To" of Naveaea to construct a regional sewer collection and hcatmcnt
system (Page 52)
✓(2XkX4) The Town of Leland will sock to eliminate spillage and runoff of sewage into area rivers and cracks. (Pages 46, 47, 50, 52)
✓(2)(kX5) It is Town policy that all new, developments are required to contact to to public sewage systems, as available, (Page 52)
,
✓(2)(kX6) Leland supports all efforts to minimize surface and groundwater pollution from wastewater sources (Pages 23, 46, 47, 50)
✓(2XkX7) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to require annexation of area desiring the extension of sewage treatment capacity. (Pages 26,
34,36)
1}stomrwater runoff associated with amiwlture, residential development, minting operations. and surface waters
,
✓(2XIX1) Consistent with previously discussed policies on development within sea watersheds (mentioned on Ages 65^699 and 70)9
Leland wants to ace the currently identified Brunswick River primary nurrery area protected from ravine enewechmen4 damage, or pollution
from direct water rem -off or other sauna. In the currently undeveloped areas adjacent the primary nursery areas (i.e., Brunswick River)
allowable development densities and lot coverage should be kept low. Certain non -water dependent urn such as commercial developmen4 may
also be determined to be inappropriate in then areas. (Page 25)
✓(2X1X2) Stormwoter runoff from tab" development (such as snots) could adversely affect the quality of the water within and around
Leland's planning jurisdiction. The Town of Leland will, through its contract with the County and through local regulation, attempt to see that
development is sensitive to the problem of water runoff. The Town will explore the need to adoptlocally the State sedimentation and erosion
control regulation. (Pages 37, 61)
✓(2X1X3) The costs of storm water manaBemeam4 which are associated with an area's rapid growth, will be equitably distributed. (Page 64)
✓(2)IX4) The proponents (and beneficiaries) of development activity will be responsible for the costs of storm watermenagam art associated
with private development projects. (Page 64)
✓(2)OX5) Leland will work, wheneverpossibhe, to require the retention and management of natural vegetation in buffer areas along its creeks
and riven. (Page 62)
✓(2X1X6) Leland seeks to develop a buff" acquisition program to preserve, maintain, and protect our water quality. (Page 63)
✓(2)(IX7) The Town supports NC Division of Water Quality regulations regarding stonnweter mooff resulting from development activity. It is
Town policy the intensive growth and development will rot be allowed when poor drainage exists unless appropriate corrective improvements
are to be completed as put of the project Revisions to the Teem's Zoning Ordinance will take this concern into consideration. (Page 59)

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✓(2)OXS) The Town of Leland considers the flooding ofroads in Leland following an intense fain event as a situation" tequiv s atteution.
(Page 40)
✓(2)OX9) NC Department of Transportation and NC Division of Water Quality officials win be consulted on all forme public wed projects. The
Town wishea to work with lmowledgable public officials so that successful solutions may be shared. It is understood by Town officials Out
stormuater ponding oa midways is unacceptable. It is fue4er understood Out the best mans ofdealing with stortmvaser is not simply to get it
out of sight. The puctial and environmental wnequenaes ofd io problem enll require envhro taRy somd mghmmd whom. (page 50)
✓(2XIXIO) The Town of Leland wisher to create a master drainage plan so that the threat of flood hazard will be reduced and to improve area
water quality. Grant funds will be sought from agencies who may have planning funds available to complete this study. (Page 59)
✓(2)(1X11) It is Town policy that the post development tnnoff shall not exceed the pro -development mnoffrate. Ass port of the revisions
planned to the Zoning Oidimnca during the planning period the use of vegetative buffan, so%*" and other mosura will be considered.
(Page 62)
m}industrial inroads on fragile areas
✓(2XmXl) The Town will carefully revie rg development proposals in orderto assess possible adverse impacts upon any of is fragile
resources. For any proposed deva)opmem in previously undisturbed areas, the Town will require contact with the N.C. Division of AmMws and
History for sasenment of the possible presence of special archaeological resoutues. The Town will cooperate with the State to ensure protection
of these valuable resources. (Pages 39, 2S, 26)
✓(2XmX2) No current industrial =a within Leland sppsarto have direct impact on noted fragile areas in the Town. (Pagn 25, 26, 39)
✓(2XmX3) Them am no designated Natural or Cultural Resource Fragile Areas AEC'& in Wand's planning sm. Them ere also no other
"special natural resource fragile areas^ in Leland (such as freshwater swamps, maritime forests, pocosim, oraras that sustain rernnanl species,
unique geologic formations, or special shell fishing waters) Leland supports the protection of three etas whom they do exist. This protection is
extended to Ow portion of the NC Natural Heritage Program site (discussed eather) which exists in Leland and is known as the "Sturgeon Creek
Tidal Wetlands." (Page 39)
✓(2XmX4) Town policy regarding the impact oftsaditional'indusW on the natured environment in Leland is that these impacts should not
occur. Tie Town has an economy which a based on being &bedroom community and the northern Brunswick County regional center for
businass activity. The Town will confirm to ford its economic form based on its business capacity and the availability of shopping opportunity
forboth residents and the tourists and visatrs who flock to area beaches. Town officials feel that any industrial" development which would
detect from the visual beauty of the area and which might cause excessive traffic, noxicas fumes, noise, smoke, vibration or other unpleasant
side effects which amot be mitigated should look elsewhere fora location. (Page Se)
90(2XmX5) Industry which complies with the standards of the Town ofWand Zoning Ordinance is acceptable widen the Town's planning
jurisdiction. (Pages 30, 46, 50)
✓(2XmX6) It is the policy of the Town Leland that industrial development should froths clean and should provide jobs to local residents.
(Page 39)
✓(2Xm)(7) Any economic development activity in Brunswick County is, generally, favored by the Town. The Town will work with and
promote success for Brunswick County Industrial Pardus and other area job creating entitin. (Pages 40 16, 21)
✓(2Xm)(8) The Town will work with Brunswick County, the Town of Naws a, and other are entities (Cape Fen Control of Oovermnents, the
NC Depar must of Commerce, sea Chambers of Courmarce, Committees of 100, and the SouOreastem North Carolina Economic Development
Concession) on the growth and enhancement ofbusiness opportunity in Leland. (Page+ 4,15, 21)
✓(2XmX9) Any industry which maybe haunful to tie lumen population through the possible pollution of air, land, orwateris not desired
witbin Oe Town. Any industrial activity which might cause viral blight is also not desired. (Pagan 22, 39)
n}marina and floating boors, development (Page 30)
✓(2Xn)(1) The Town of Leland opposes the development ofmarms due to the potential of excessive oritreversible darrrge to existing fragile
crenvirrummelly sensitive areas and degradation to its estuarine waters. (Pages 25, 39)
✓(2)(nX2) Dtystacking facilities, like marinas, are viewed by Leland as undesirable, therefore, the Town does not support the development of
mob facilities.
✓(2XnX3) The Town of Leland will allow the temporary mooring of vessels (no mom than 10 days) in axes public trust waters as a means of
providing public aooese to these waters. Leland will work with area governmental amities on the means of controlling such activity.
✓(2XnX4) The Town of Leland is concemed with the size ofbosts which will use the Brunswick River. As the River is +mall and shallow and
contains rmny stumps and other debris, for safety moons, the Town feels users should also be small in size. The Town will not seek to regulate
boating activity except for live aboard situations (as described pteviously)
✓(2XnX5) Town officials encourage the safe nee of canoes and luyaks on the Brunswick River and Sturgeon Creek
✓(2XnX6) It is the policy of the Town of Leland that jet skis sm unwelcome on Our Brunswick River and in Sturgeon Creek
✓(2XnX7) The Town of Leland feels Out floating homes are an inappropriate use of tie Town's water bodice
o}local community developmentissoes (Page 30)
✓(2XoX1) Some locally delved issues which are important to the Town have been identified. These isms include acquisition of a civic center,
the encomagemem of commercial development, promotion of an industrial development incubator in Leland, creation of a local Thoroughfare
Plan, the widening of Village Road, the clean up (smgging) of the Brunswick River, and making the Brunswick RiveaStmgeon Crock navigable
by the raising of the btidges over them (i.e., US 74-76 bridge over the Brunswick River and the Navnsa Road Bridge over Sturgeon Creek).
(Pages 35, 37, 42)
p}.reetriction of development in areas which mieht be suaaonble to sea level rise
✓(2XpXl) !.eland believes Out local knowledge on this isms is not solid enough to propose a realistic policy statement Developmeot will be
allowed in Leland's low lying area (which may be subject to flood hazard) according to local ordinances and State and federal regulatiom
q}wland excavation for marines
✓(2XgXl) Leland recognizes the potential adverse environmental effects of developing marinas and boatba" in upland locations. The Town
does not consider such development preferable to waterfiem developments. Any proposals for marina development am viewed as being
11

emimmnentally un suitable for Leland.
✓(2Xq)(2) The Town of Leland feels that upland excavation for marines is not an acceptable process for the creation of new water emus within
the municipality or its planning jurisdiction. Marines are not a permitted on in the Zoning Ordinuee for the Town of Leland. (Page 30)
r}Ow damaging of marsh with bulkhead installation
✓(2XrX1) The Town ofLeland does not wish to see damage to existing marches fiom bulkhead construction. (Pug" 42, 43, 44, 50)
✓(2XrX2) The Town of Leland supports alternatives to bulkhead construction for erosion control and stabilization methods along our marsh
wetlands. (Pages 42,43,44,50)
✓(2XrX3) All bulkheads to be installed within the Town of lsdand's planning jurisdiction must be in compliance with Stare artd federal
regulations. Drainage basins and ponds created as a part of mceting the NC DWQ requirements for the management of sumo water will be bait
in compliance with the approianate agency's rules. The location of these basins/ponds will be in accordance with State requirements and will be
agreed upon before final plat approval by the local government through the subdivision review process.
✓(2XrX4) The use of rip rep material most be consistent with State and federal rules and regulations. (Page 44)
RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT — Policy Statements
a) -productive &Bculturml Lnds
✓(3XaXl) According to the USDA Soil Conservation Service, there are areas of "prim fa hand" in Leland's planning jurisdiction. Them is no
signdficaM agricultural activity occurring within the Town's planning area, Leland recognizes the importance of preserving the region's "prime
farmland." (Page 41)
60(3)(+X2) The Town of Leland encourages the in•Town transition of currently existing agricultural hype operations to conmetdal and
residential type uses. Some industrial and fight msnufacnning operations are also encouraged. (Page l 1, 50)
61(3XeX3) Certain agricultural type operations are pmlubited by policy of the Town of Leland. These operationsinchde agriculturo-livestock
type operations where many avdmala ate confined together and raised for We to meat processing and manufacturing concerns. The agricultrus�
livestock limitations do not apply to any aamels ordinarily considered pets (dogs, cats, birds, pot-bellied pigs, etc.) (Page 30)
✓(3)(aX4) It is the policy of the Town of Leland that agricultural uses oflend within the Town's planning jurisdiction will not be discomagod.
(Page 37)
b)•�orest lands
✓(3XbXl) Leland discourages the premature conversion of the planning areas remaining commercial woodlands into more intensive uses.
(Page 40)
✓(3XbX2) Leland encourages the protection of our bees for the benefit of the community today and for future generations. It is Leland policy to
protect our ommnrnial foreats. (Page 37)
✓(3)(bX3) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to support the efficient planting and harvesting of North CuoBra'a commecial forest hmds.
✓(3XbX4) It is the strong sentiment of Town officials that the harvesting of timber near waters should be discouraged. If (true activity must
occur the Town support State regulations requiring extensive vegetative buffer as a mine of mitigating water quality degradation. (Page 37)
✓(3)(bXS) The harvesting of commercial forests should be done in a manner which will protect water quality and which will allow for the
immediste ro-usa of these areas as forest or for roeideotiel-commercial type Dees as described in the Zoning Ordinance. (Page 3g)
c)-conmtncdal and recreational fisheries, including nursuv and habitat areas
✓(3XcX1) The Town of Leland would like to diminish the amount of stormwater nmolf draining directly into the Brunswick Rives (which is the
primary water body within its jurisdiction) The Town supports the regulation of land development adjacent water bodies "a mean of
improving, or helping to dmpmve, water quality. Became of the sensitivity of certain soils near productive waterbodies, and because of current
absence of centntized sewer, Leland believes that the density of development and placement of septic tanks in these are should be carefully
and strictly regulated through local ordinances. The Town believes that adequate public waderaco ss to coo Brunswick River anal Sturgeon Creek
forrecreational uses should be provided to property owners and residents. (Page 3g)
✓(3XcX2) Leland supports the continued productivity of commercial and recreational fiaberi" through the
protection of the unique coastal mashes upon which they depend. (Page 25)
✓(3XcX3) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to work with other regional interests to maintain or improve the quality of water and the
abundance of the &shad" resource available to tar" residents and watom The Town wishes to work with the North Carolina Division of
Marine Fisheries and other appropriate agencies, to improve and increase habitat propagation, and the avarlability of fin fish and shellfish. (Page
25)
✓(3XcX4) The Town of Leland wishes to work with the Brunswick Cormm pity College school of aquaculturs to encourage commercial fishing
operations. The Town of Leland will approve and rapport dredging work in the Brunswick River if it is proven by experts that such dredging
will improve fisheries habitat and water quality. (Pages 41, 55)
d}-p)(Page 41)
✓(3XdX1) It is the policy of the Town In prolubit fining within the Towels plamdng jusisdictiom The policy is regulated through the
enforcement provisions of the Town's Zoning Ordinsnce. (Page 30)
✓(3XdX2) Mad pits and surd mining operations am recognized" commercial ventures which bring unpleasant side effects to existing and
proposed developmeat As a result, these operations are unwanted within the Town's planning jurisdiction. Marl pia and sand mining will not
be allowed in the Town of Leland by the Town's Zoning Ordinance. (Page 30)
e)-off--mad wlucles
✓(3XeXt) Leland supports efforts to control the public use of off -road vehicles on government owned lands in ecologically sensitive antes.
(Page 60)
✓(3XeX2) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to allow private property owners and their friends, visitors, acquaintances, and other person to
whom they may have given permission, to enjoy fieely the ability to we soy portion of that private property available and to enjoy that same
property by whatevermeans and to the madman extent possible. The Towns recognizes that the abilityof imprison m enjoy f all use oflos or
ber property do" not extend to the point where another persoa's tight to enjoy their property L infringed upon. The Town has the authority, and

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' will eontitme to exercise its authority, through its police powers, to abate nuisance noises and the destruction of any vegetation which may protect
"which may help to presm the privacy of residential or eormoertds] properties and which may contain threatened orendongered species. It is
' the policy of the Town to not allow off -mad vehicle use Out would awe erosion or substantial damage to land forms. This policy on offmad
vehicles is net pertinent to public works projects or emergency vehicles. (Page 66)
✓(3XaX3) It is Town policy that jet aloe are unwelcome on the Brunswick River and within the pin®ng jurisdiction of the Town of ).eland.
Businesses wilting to reM "persons wishing to use Owe water call are invited to look elsewhere in Brunswick Comity for a location to enjoy.
' (Page 59)
f)-residential. Comm mal and industrial impacts on ary resemma
✓(3XfXl) Town policyis to encourage fume growth according to the land saw policy contained in this document and to revise, as necessary,
those regulations currently in plan to provide consistency with the Town of).el"'s long-range plan. It is the intention of Town officials that
new development's impacts on the natural and built (pro -existing) environment should be negligible and That the impacts ofall development
should take into consideration those factors which will enhance the quiet, area Town character and quality oflffe enjoyed by the residents of
Leland. Rage 64)
✓(3)(iX2) Town policyis that residential development will be emcemrsgod, u much u pomble, to oetxmin a manner which will rot overload
traffic conditiom. It is Town policy That the Land Use flan, Zoning Otdimnce and Subdivision regulations will be revised as neoe"My as ■
means of implementing This policy.
61(3)(f)(3) The development of new streets and roads as a part of the residential growth process will be carefully studied before a new
subdivision is approved. Utilities provision required ea a pert of the Subdivision Regulations will be revised, as necessary, to require future (m
potential) Town residents the opportunity to enjoy the full range of services available to the olderresidentid arena. (Page 6, 49, 54)
✓(3XfX4) Additional commercial developmod is desired by Town officials. Commercial activity which would add to the economic base of the
Town would be welcomed by Town officials provided That the activity is environmentally sals, close, sad censisem with current State, federal,
and local regulatory reguirenneata. Developnem activity which would be harmfiil to property values "the quality oflife of thwee residents
already established is discouraged. Comparability of pmpowd development with The lend Classification Map (located in the back of this
document) is desired. (Page 65)
61(3XfX5) Industrial development policy in to To" of Leland is to encowage only light industrial type uses. Trsditionel bavy industries
should seek to loam elsewhere (such as the industrial pstk) There is much open and available land within the region which would be suitable
forindwtry. Development of industrymust be consistent with the Town's Zoning Ordinaries. (Page 30)
✓(3Xf)(6) Town policy is to encourage heavy industrial development activity within The region but net in Letand. (Page SO)
✓(3XfX7) Any commercial or industrial development in )eland should be of a type which is compatible with residential development which
may occur in relatively chose proximity to the industry. Industrial development should be )opted, in all sees, in such a way as to avoid the use
of residential or commercial streets by large, heavy, truck traffic. (Page 108)
' ✓(3XfX8) Developers (residential, commercial or industrial) shopping fm a location should contact Town officials early in the process to
discuss the activity. (Pages 5, 8)
Ocent phosphate or limestone reining: impacts on any resource
' ✓(3XgX l) Leland will work cooperatively with Brunswick County on the defeat of airy mining proposals in the Leland vicinity. (Pages log,
109)
✓(3)(gX2) The mining of pest "phosphate within the planning jurisdiction of the Town of Leland is prohibited by policy and ordinance. As
mirdng opmtiom sae gemrnlly mgrleasant to the persom living in m area nearwhm these tedvitia Doom, and u them am contently mo nhieos
in the Leland planning ate, it is the policy of the Town to oppose eery mining operations requesting to locate within the municipal boundary.
The Town else wishes to go on ream opposing any mining operations which may wish to locale in Bnmswick County near the Town of Wand.
The Town will work with the County to oppose such opmtiom. (Pages IOB, f09)
' ECONOMIC AND COMMUNM DEVEL.OPMENT— Policy Statements
a1•tvves of developnent desired
✓(4XeXl) Community Attitude Toward Omwth: The Town of Leland is expected to experience muendoos population growth during the next
10 years. The Town of Leland recognize that improperly managed growth an actually harm or destroy The appal which may attract new,
residents orbusinessen to the Town. Therefore, the Town's overall policy toward growth is expressed in the following torments: Leland
believes in managing and directing the Town's growth and development in balance with The availability ofmmhicipal services. The Town
believes that population and growth guidance should be based on: 1) The suitability of land to occenmodae the we; 2) the capacity of the
environment; 3) ampahbility with Town goals; 4) densities allowable in sensitive area; and 5) the availability of support facilities and services.
(Pages 4,16. 22, 50)
1 ✓(4)(■X2) Leland reserves the right to require proponents of substantial development to provide an evaluation of impacts, including cumulative
impacts, of proposed development (Pages 61,65)
✓(4XaX3) Leland will encourage smell business davelop oca (Pages 4, 5,15, 21)
✓(4XaX4) The Town policy is to provide for The preservation of adequate open space for all citizens. (Pages 37,39)
✓(4XaX5) The Town of Iceland dud! work to ensue That all citizens are afforded safe and decent housing. (Pages 5, 30)
✓(4XaX6) Leland will provide a bowing program for renovated and new affordable homing for low and moderate inoome resident families.
(Pages 5, 30)
✓(4XaX7) It is Town policy to establish strong code enforcement of the minimum housing code. This enforcement should strike a balance
between expenses of property and home own" and bettorliving conditions of enants. (Pages 35, 36)
✓(4XaX8) Leland will require that all homing is safe and brought up to code. (Pages 35,36)
6e(4XaX9) Leland will require that all housing is territory and up to code. (Page 359 36)
✓(4XaX IO) Leland's policy is to prohibit dmnolition of existing housing without a thorough review of option for restoration and ormoving Me
1 stnsctive to a more notable location. Leland will seek to strengthen guidelines community development guidelines on whet is to be tom doom
versus what is to be preserved. (Pages 5, 35, 51)
✓(4XaX11) The Town of Leland will seek to potent traw and to enwnege landscaping of parking lots, raidemiel emus, and commercial and
industrial projects. (Pages 6, 34, 37, S4)

✓(4XaX12) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to encourage residential growth. (Pages 11, 15, 21, 29, 50)
✓(%)(13) The Town of Leland encourages commercial growth. It is the policy of the Town to work with and to encourage commercial
activity which is consistent with current regulations and which will provide jobs, make retail type amenities available to Leland area residents and
viaiton, and provide for convenient shopping opportunities. It is the policy of the Town to enco»mge clean and quiet commercial type
development The Town wishes to remain a regional market for sra residents and visitors and the Town will work, through the upgrade of Iota)
ordinances and community revitalization efforts, to enhance the Availability of goods aril services which will help to cement the Town's position
as a regional market area. The local meam ofimpdememing this policy will be through the Zoning Ordinance. (Pages 29, 50, 5, 36, 53)
✓(4XaXl4) Traditional, heavy, industrial development is discouraged within the Town of Leland. Light industry is encouraged. Industries
which have large stacks spewing voluminous amounts of smoke and any industry gemming Urge amounts of traffic which will botherresidents
at all hours am not envisioned or desired and will rot be approved. Manufacturing concerns are generally felt to be undesirable. Light
manufacturing is desired Large agricultural -livestock type operations (neat manufacturing plants) are not desired and will not be pennitled.
(Pages 35, 58)
✓(4XaXIS) Town officials discourage 0a use and storage oflarge amounts of hazardous substances (che®cals, pesticides, berbicides, and
fertilizers) in areas sloes to any Town, individual, orcommunity well systems. These same substances ere rot appropriaWy located if they min
close proximity to residential development To" officials wish to rob that turnoff into streams from landscaping activity has been recognized as
a problem within the Sate and the Town. The Leland policy is to strongly encourage the use of those hazardous substances/products in a careful
mannerand only a needed. (Pages 37, 51)
b)-tyres and locations of industries desired
✓(4XbXl) The Town c Oy does rot wntain any menufacturing industry within iu juds&ctiom Leland views industrial development as
being incompatible with the existing character and capacity of the Town. Leland would prefer to see industries developed which would be clew
light manufacturing and/or assembly industries would be preferable. Examples of industries wbicb world be considered unstable would
include: petroleum products, slaughterhouses, breweries (and othonl The preferred location forindustry would be in the Leland Industrial Park
or other sable place (in acoordance with the Town's Zoning Ordinancel The Town, in conjunction with the County, would like to develop an
additional industrial pink or parlor, according to the following standards: *The developer must provide an assessment of the impact of the
industry and the Town will be assured of the use of the beat available technology w as to avoid air or water pollution during construction or
operation. w1he project will be located on land having stable, well-dninrd soils. The site should be located in an sra which is adequately
protected from flooding and should be accessible to existing public utilities and transportation mutes. trLeland and Brunswick County will
provide, as much as is locally and economia0y feasible, basic support services such as water and sewa to stable newly locating industries.
(Pages 35, 58, 60)
✓(4XbX2) Leland will review the siting of all industries, including energy facilities and high voltage utilities, to cium the protection of are
residents and natural resources. (Page 24,37)
✓(4)(bX3) The Town of Leland encourages industry which will allow the Town to keep the small Town character that long-term residents of
Leland have come to enjoy. Industries which create a significant amount ofpollution (smoke, dust, glam, mice, vibratiow, sic.) use discouraged
and should net locate in Leland. This may include (but is not limited m) swim and cattle, steel mills, electric power plants, papa manufacturing
plants, chemical companies, mining operations, explosives companies and others. (Pages 60, 65)
✓(4)(bX4) The Town desires responsible industrial development in the region which will not adversely affect the natural environment or the
quality of life enjoyed by current or firms residents. Industrial sites should be adjacent water lines and most have an approved system of
handling any poedble by-products or waste products which maybe dangerous to humor beings. (Pages 4, 5, 50, 52, 57)
✓(4)(b)(5) Industrial development should net infringe or violate the aesthetic sensibilities (in those ways which may be perceived by the five
human senses) of established or current residents. (Page 58)
c}-local wrnnnitvent to omvidine services b devetoorvent (Pages 4, 5, 6, 3S, 36)
✓(4XcX1) Leland will experience tremendous growth over the next IO years. The Town, being conscious of the need for consistent,
environmentally compatible land can planning, the provision of services, and improved community appearance, adopts the following policy: The
Town of Leland recognizes that in order to accommodate growth additional land for residential, commensal, institutional, and other purposes will
need to be developed. The Town believes that all new development and/or redevelopment must be consistent with local ordinances. The Town
believes that development should take place when and where adequate urban services, including water, saw", and transportation system access
is available to support Ore development The participation of developers in the provision of services will be required. (Pages 22,36)
✓(4XcX2) The Town of Leland will seek to provide appropriate municipal services to support and encourage desired development The
provision of services dull be based on the Town's financial capacity and tha economic feasibility of those services. (Pages 5, 8, 9116)
✓(4XcX3) It is Town policy to consider and adopt a system of ®pact lose f"intramuctme improvements. (Pages S, 50)
✓(4XcX4) Leland will provide timely, cost-effective and efficient, capital facilities and community infrastructure services based on anticipated
growth sad demand. (Pages 28, 29, 36)
✓(4XcX5) It is Town policy to work together with sine infrastructure service providers and to coordinate services provision with other
governmental agencies whenever it is found to be cost effective and feasible. (Pages 4, 106)
✓(4XcX6) Leland will develop a strategy for commercial development which talcs into consideration the concept of preferred location (as with
eras that already contain the public wrvias required by the development project (services to be considered will include transportation) and
stew where the needed services are readily available} (Page 36)
✓(4XcX7) It is Town policy to provide public sewer service with priority to area with malfunctioning and inadequate septic systems and
package heatmeot plants (especially those in environmentally sensitive sreaal (Page 36)
✓(4XcX8) Leland will strength= development regulationa for subdivisions and will require an escrow payment or performance bond for
development projects whmllj infrastructure needs are not met prior to final plat approval.
✓(4XcX9) Leland will review the existing zoning ordinance upon adoption or subsequent amendment to a local Thoroughfare Plar. It is
anticipated that this will help to ensure appropriate development according to the mning districts described and will help to mom cost effective
services provision. (Page 34)
✓(4XeX10) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to provide public services to all area of Town. Services available to municipal residents
within the planning period are expected to include water, saw", trash collection, poliosf ni-maeus, and administrative services. Services will be
provided, a required by law and as feasible, to any new arcs of the Town. (Page 36)

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✓(4XcXl I) New developments ate required to comtuct and to correct to the mmricipalhegional sewer system and the public water system.
(Pages 50, 52,53)
✓(4XcXl1) As a means of providing services to currant residents, future residents, and fine business community, the Town of Leland is
committed to the following policies: (Pages 4,15, 34, 37, 33, 50, 53, 58)
wTha Town of Leland will wodcwith the Wilmington WO and the NC Department of Transportation to keep the Transportation
Plan up to data.
arLdand seeks to work with the NC DOT on the creation of a Thoroughfare Plan specific to the Town of Leland.
wTha Town of Leland will work with the Committee of 100, the Clamber of Commerce, the Cape Fear Council of Governments, NC
Southeast, the NC Division of Coastal Management (and other State and federal agencies), and the Brunswick County Economic
Development Department to market the Town to interested parties.
wThe Town of Leland will initiate capital improvement planning.
wThe Town of Leland will develop a more detailed means of communication between the Planning Board and the Town Council.
The Town will also work to develop and maintain communication with State, federal, and Brunswick County officials.
wThe Town will work to access giant fording to revise ordinatces and to make other change& deemed meec&aaryby the Town
Council, the Planning Board and staff.
d}tvoes of urban smowOf patterns desired (Pages 4, 5,13,14,15,16)
✓(4XdX1) The Town of Leland wishes to preserve and promote a quiet, peaceful, low -density atmosphere for the Town. The Town desires to
see a mixture of orderly usban land uses develop. The primary urban land was in Leland will be for residential (housing) and commercial
development
FlowbaIt shell be the policy of Leland to continue to encourage the development of a variety
of housing type so as to meet the needs of existing and future cilium through the following:
*To maintain areas exclusively for conventional singl>fam0y dwellings for the gtowing
Population.
'To provide an area for mobile homes to accommodate permanent occupancy.
"To monitor the needs for additional areas for clusters of one or two story garden -type
condominiums, townhouses, patio homes, and apartments forsatims, and/or other permanent
residents.
'To develop a height limitation for residential, commercial, and institutional structures through
the Zoning Ordinance.
'To mquim new residential subdivisions to provide lands for public recreation use, or a fee in
lieu of land, through the Subdivision Ordinance.
Continental Development The Town wishes to enhance and promote quality commercial
development through the following:
*To encourage business to locate in areas most able to support commercial activity, mainly
thmugh proper(mads) access.
'The Town wishes to discourage ship developm naL
'To encourage the formation of a local Chamberof Commerce or Merchant's Association in
Leland.
'To develop standards for the control of landscaping in commercial areas in order to improve
aesthetics.
✓(4XdX2) It is policy for the Town of Leland to direct development to locations wham environmental conditions and supporting insfrastucmm
are appropriate. (Pages SO, 59,65)
✓(4XdX3) Leland will eneomsge the location of commercial development projects in designated commercial areas in the Zoning Ordinance,
(Pages 30,36)
✓(4XdX4) The Town wishes to balance the need for continuing workplace (commercial -industrial) growth with the enhancement of
neighborhoods, community touters and govenunent buildings, as well as for continuing inpnvememt and expansion of econemdc opportunity
for all. (Pages 50, 59)
✓(4XdX5) Leland will restrict eomunercial encroachment into residential areas. (Pages $0, 59,64)
✓(4XdX6) Leland will allow growth to occnabased on neighborhood considerations and net on a single development proposal. (Pages 31,65)
✓(4XdX7) It is the policy of the Town Leland to encourage growth to occur adjacent to existing water and sewer service fines. New
developments will be required to coned to flaw services when available. Leland's policy on services extension to those areas whom
infimatmctrre does net cmremly exist is that infrastructure most be built by them developers who wish to accommodate a new development
project. The Town wishes to protect and to enhance business opportunity in the central business district. It is the policy of the Town of Leland to
accommodate growth without ntining the natural beauty of the area. The Town will use this Land Use Plan Update, the Subdivision Regulations,
and the Zoning Ordinance as the mare to implement Otis policy and to direct an Am= residential, commercial, and industrial type gmwth.
(Pages 38, 52, 65)
e}t�evelotmment of developed areas (relocation of structures and facilities)
✓(4XeXl) Them are older developed smas within Leland's planning jurisdiction. The Town encourages and supports tedevelopmaml of thew
areas for the purpose of land use compatibility and aesthetics. Restorstiodfx up of any historic structures is encouraged. It is the Town's policy
that redevelopment, like new development, must be conducted according to existing development guidelines u may be infected in future
zoning, Subdivision, and/or Flood Damage Prevention OAin m=s (et al). Sum awes of the Town are in need of mvitahz&6on, such u pmvided
through small Cities Community Development Block Grant (CDBO) programs. Leland intends so pursue fording through the CDBG prognm
forrede,velopnemt projects. (Pages 35, 36, 43)
✓(4XeX2) It is Town policy to eliminate, in redevelopment projects, any stomwater collection systems that discharge dimcfly to sosfsce waters.
(Pages 23, 25,26)

✓(4XeX3) It is the policy of the Town to work with residents and agency personnel and programs to repair, upgrade, and improve housing
conditions. (1) enforcing the Town's Minimum Housing Code; (2) coordinating any redevelopment efforts with the Building Inspections
Department; (3) enforcing the Zoning Ordinance requirements on non -conforming uses. (Pages 30, 33, 3S)
✓(4)(eX4) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to allow reconstruction of structures demolished by =rural dieter when 1 ha reconstruction
complies with all existing (state, federal, and local) regulations. (Page 97, 98, 99)
✓(4XeX5) It is the intention of The Town to continue to be a member of the National Flood Insurance Program administered by the Federal
Emergency Management Agency and to continue to allow Federal Flood Insurance to be available to residents. (Page 41)
✓(4XeX6) It is the policy of the Town to consider the purchase of any lard which nay become available (through the destruction of sruaom)
as a result of a catastrophic event Purchase end redevelopment of the Tosm's waterfront and creation of gneenways and buffers is considered a
posarbility under such circumstances. (Page 31)
Qcommitment to state and federal programs (highway imorovernems. creation, voice marts military facilities. eta.)
✓(4Xf)(l) Leland is receptive to all those State and federal programs that will provide some benefit to the Town, County, and region. It is the
policy of the Town to continue to fully support such programs. An incomplete list of some important programs includes•. NC Division of Coastal
Management Planning Program, NC Division of Parke & Recreation Programs to fund recreation areas, NC Division of Commumity Assistance
& U. S. Department of Housing & Urban Development Community Development Block Grant Program, NC Division of Travel and Tourism
promotion efforts, U. S. Army Corps ofEngineors regulatory and permitting programs, NC Department of Transportation mad and bridge
improvement programs, NC Division of Water Quality/Water Quality Planning Program, Farman Home Administration loam for local water and
sewer service projects, Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood insurance Program, NC Department of Commerce Industrial Recrulting
Programs, Soutlwastem Regional Exonomde Development Commtasion Economic Development Programs, Cape Fear Council of Governments
programs, and others as may be found in the catalog of federal domestic assistance or the NC community resource information system (CRISy
(Pages 9, 40, 43, 50)
✓(4XfX2) The Town of Leland will actively pursue grant funds to provide for community needs, Some special seas of focus for then gtanta
will be mime control and public safety, fin protection, rescue services, water & sewer, housing improvements, economic development, amd
recreation. The Town of Leland will utilize existing public assets (the library, schools, and park areas) to help to meet community needs. (Pages
5,6.426.50
$)energy facility siting and develonment
010)(8X1) The Town of Leland does not now host any electric generating plants, oil refnrenim or inshore exploration facilities for gas or oil.
The Town doesn't anticipate the development of any of thew facilities within the planning period. The Town of Leland will not support the
development of any industrial use within the Town's boundaries, including energy facilities, which will extensively damage existing fragile or
environmentally sensitive areas. The Town opposes the development of energy facilities which would substantially increase the amount of man-
made hazards within its jurisdiction (including the storage and/or tram-sbipmemt ofetude oil). (Page 39)
✓(4)(gX2) It is to policy of the Town of Leland to oppose offshore continental shelf(OCS) dulling for gar or oil.
✓(4XgX3) The location of any shorn side OCS facilities at Nand would be inconsistent with local policy. (Page 60)
✓(4)(gX4) The Town of Leland promotes and supports a clean and healthy environment for its residents, (Page 4, 5)
✓(4)(gX3) The Town is concerned about the issue of energy facility siting to the extent that citizen's health, safety, and welfare, may be effected.
The Town's policy includes the following: (1) No transportation through Town (except on the U.S. Higbway, 17n4-76) of extremely dangerous
and hazardous materials is approved No energy or cohmomial industrial facility that violates this standard will be approved. Any industrial or
commomial facility which requires a special use permit will have this as a part of their special restrictions. (2) No energy facility which will clear
cut an area consisting of greater than 3 acres of wooded property is allowed without buffets which will be conatnoted to shield all noise and
visual blight created by energy facility type development from area residents. Spacial conditions in addition to tl ismay be imposed on facilities
which are permitted as a conditional use. '
✓(4XgX6) Any water resource intensive type development activity will be required to use North Brunswick Sanitaty District service. (Page 22)
b}Sssistance to channel maintenance
✓(4XhXl) It is tie policy of the Town of Leland to support shoreline erosion control and channel maintenance projects:
XWlen them will be no significant adverse impacts on shoreline dynamics;
XWhen ecommic or recreational benefits will occur for Inland area residents; and,
XWhen the public shoreline will be the punm ry benefleiary, in erosion control projects.
✓(4XhX2) The Town of Leland recognizes that to revenues are being used to provide for channel maintenance projects. This expenditure
promotes both international and interstate commerce as well as loaf corm arcial fishing opportunity and opportunity for recreational boaters.
The Town of Leland supports each efforts. It is Town policy to decline the opportunity to participate in any direct funding of thew projects.
0? purism
✓(4XiXl) In the future, travel and tourism could become more significant to Leland and could contribute significantly to the Town's economic
baso. Leland supports the promotion, development ard expansion of travel and tourism facilities. (Page 22)
✓(4XiX2) It is the policy of Leland to support the location of a convention centeror spore facility within the Town's plamdng jurisdiction.
(Page 22)
6e(4XiX3) The Town of Leland strongly supports tourism. The Town recognizes =mists as a vital and important pert of the ecenomy ofthe
region and the state. The Town of Leland draws much ofits livelihood from /onmsm (especially Lose shoppers visiting from the aaa beaches)
(Page 60)
✓(4XiX4) It is the policy of the Town to grow toward a position where the regional tourist influx may be enjoyed to its maxim= ecenomic
poleotid. (Page 60)
✓(4XiX5) As a moms of achieving the gal of enhancing tourism and encouraging visitors, The Town off. -land supports NC Depa tmemt of
Transportation road improvement projects which will Improve aeons (ingress and egrets) to the region and the Town of Leland. (Page 53)
✓(4XIX6)Tbe Town of Leland supports almtetgovermnenW cooperative efforts at madreting the region. (Pages 15, 379 58)

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✓(4XiX7) Leland supports the activities of the NC Division of Tavel and Tourism (Page 60)
✓(4XiX8) The Town wishes to cooperate in promoting the atoa with the area Chambers of Commerce and Visitors Bureaus.
j}public beach and waterfront access
✓(4XjXl) It shall be the general policy of lehnd to attempt to provide uceas to public tout waters through the development ofpuks and
launching areas, consistent with the need to protect the natural resources. Leland may, in the future, seek financial assistance from state and
Iodizd sources to support the development, and/or expansion, of parks and re nestional fsci➢ties in appropriately sited locations. (Paget 24, 41)
✓(4)(jX2) As a waterfront community, Leland woogmzes both the need for provision of pates and open space and adequate public access to the
water. Leland supports the CRC's Public Access Program and recognizes the need to plan f rrmcreational facilities in appropriately sited
locations. (Page 106)
✓(4XjX3) The Town will seek to acquire conservation eesoments for floodplain areas. (Page 64)
✓(4)UX4) it is the policy of Town officials to support beach and estuarine water access projects within Brunswick County and throughout
coastal North Carolina. (Pages 65,106)
k}recreational services
✓(4)(kXl) The Town of Leland will support the exploration, assessment and development of estuarine am a oppomnrities for the public to
enjoy. The Town wishes to combnct/buy/develop more recreation opportunities for local citizens. (Page 56)
6e(4)(kX2) The Town will seek funds to expand both passive and active park and actuations] lands and public waters cuss. (Page% 37, 38, 56)
✓(4)(kX3) Leland will develop a public consultation process for the acquisition and preservation of significant situ for open spacchecreation.
(Page 39)
✓(4)(k)(4) The Town will provide public recreational facilities and open space to service the growing population. (Page 56)
✓(4XkX5) Public private partnerships for funding of recreational improvements will be explored. (Page 38)
✓(4)(kX6) The Town of Leland will punme outside funding sources for recreational facility developmeaaL
✓(4)(kX7) It is Leland policy to develop a pedestrian and bicycle path, to increase pedestrian sidewalks, and to strictly enforce traffic taws.
(Pages 5, 58)
✓(4XkX8) Leland will identify and develop a program for the w ablisbment of a comprehensive system of tmis sad greenways. (Page 37)
✓(4)(kX9) The Town will require lugs taw development projects to make provisions for a comprehensive network ofbicyde and pedestrian
faalities on collector sinets and arterials. (Pages 5, 58)
✓(4XkX10) The Town of Leland supports the development of parka and tocreetional facilities for the benefit of its residents and seasonal
visitors.
✓(4)(kXl1) The Town of Leland will create a Master Plan for Recreation. (Page 38)
✓(4)(kX12) The Town of Leland curren8y does not have a tecia %ion program. The Town believes in and will work to achieve a position where
the local provision of recreational oppommity will be possible. The Town policy is to continue to work with the Brunswick County Parks and
Rcraeation Department to help meet the mumcipd and seta need. The Town of Leland realizes a need for youth recreation facilities, perk land
and neighborhood parks, a public outdoor meeting place (a garde —or gazebos — on Town owned or lueed property), and a bealth/fitness
facility. The Brunswick River and Sturgeon Creek am recognized by Town leaden as an essentially untapped recreatioul asset Passive and
active recreational uses of the River and Crack ate possible. (Page 39,56)
1}types, densities. location: units per acre etc. of anticipated residential development and services necessary to sumort such development
✓(4XIX1) Leland reserves the right to require developers to identify the impacts of their development on toads, schools, stotmwater and sewer
and to pay a fee proportionate to their impact on these systems. (Page 39)
✓(4)OX2) At such time as they am available, it is Town policy that all new development meat be connected to the public water and regional
sewerage system. (Pages 22,52)
✓(4)OX3) It is the policy of the Town of Leland to encourage low density type development activity. Low density growth amending to the
zoning ordinan ex is R•20. Planned Unit Development and cluster" proposals for the urban area an possible and an seen as a continuing
mesna by which to implement this policy. (Pages 9, 36, 63)
✓(4)OX4) Town policy is to encourage commercal growth This growth, so as to be consistent with Town policy, must be of a type which will
include specialty shops and stores. The Town desires to attract resident shoppers and visitors from the region who will make special trips to
Leland The Town wants to serve residents and visitors within the commercial canter. Town officials are interested in hearing from prospective
businesses who may wish to choose Leland as a place to locate. (Pages 21,29)
✓(4)OX5) Leland understands that continuing growth activity during the planning period in Town in the residential neighboboods is expected
and desired. (Pages 11, 15, 29)
✓(4)OX6) In the face of all the changes anticipated in the future, Deland wishes to keep the small Town atmosphere which has long been
enjoyed by residents and visitors. (Page 60)
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
' This is a summary of the contents of the 1999 Land Use Plan Update for Leland. For more
information the reader is advised to consult the full text of the Land Use Plan. For details, or for
' clearing up any questions regarding Plan content or policy, please do not use this summary. Use
the text of the Land Use Plan Update for all decisions.
' The 1999 Leland Land Use Plan Update (LUPUP) will serve as the general guide for growth for the Town of Leland
as the Town moves into the twenty-first century. The functions of this Land Use Plan Update are as follows:
1) Guidance on Land Development Decisions — The Land Use Plan Update's section on "Policies
for Growth and Development" and the Land Classification Map provide guidance to Town
officials in planning facilities, preparing regulations, issuing permits and in day-to-day decision
making. The public, particularly those interested in land development activity, also benefit by
using the Land Use Plan Update to anticipate governmental action.
2) Source of Information— The LUPUP sections entitled ANALYSIS OF EXISTING
CONDITIONS, CONSTRAINTS TO DEVELOPMENT, and ESTIMATED DEMAND provide
valuable information on the local population, economy, environmental resources, community
' facilities and existing land uses.
3) Public Participation Process for Planning — As a part of the production of this document
numerous public meetings were held. These meetings and the circulation of draft copies of the
LUPUP ensured that the plan represents a consensus of resident's wishes and that the plan will
have the political support necessary for implementation.
The LUPUP consists of ten sections. Each section is important to the Town of Leland. A listing of each section and
a summary of the contents follows:
1) Analysis of Existing Conditions
❑ This portion of the plan contains information on the form of government in the Town of Leland,
establishes how the information base was gathered, and discusses the physical setting and a bit of history
' about the community. This section also gives documentation on the population, economy, existing land
uses, a summary of current plans, policies, an regulations, and discusses areas of significant land use
change.
2) Constraints to Development
❑ The plans section on constraints to development discusses the suitability of the land for future
(continued) development activity. Natural features are discussed in this plan section as fragile areas, areas
of environmental concern (AEC's), and a discussion is given on the type of soils extant in Leland with the
limitations given on each soil type discussed. Man-made constraints to development are discussed as well.
The carrying capacity of the infrastructure available and proposed as a means of supporting existing and
future development is also discussed.
3) Estimated Demand
❑ The future demands of development activity, in light of the booming growth expected (and being
experienced) in Leland, are discussed in the areas of water, sewer, roads, schools, hospitals, recreation areas,
' solid waste, population, and economy.
4) Policies for Growth and Development
❑ As this LUPUP is a policy document, this is arguably the most important part of this document. Policy
choices by the Town of Leland will be highlighted, in summary form, later in this Executive Summary. The
policies are broken into the following major areas: Resource Protection, Resource Production and
Management, and Economic and Community Development.
5) Public Participation
' ❑ Public participation is an important part of any planning effort. This section discusses the Public
Participation Plan which outlined the process by which the Leland Land Use Plan was updated. The Citizen
Survey is discussed in some detail as well. The Town of Leland is committed to continuing involvement of
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the residents in the planning process.
6) Other Local Policy Issues
0 Local policy issues discussed in this plan section include roads, annexation, services provision, and
ordinance amendments.
7) Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery, and Evacuation Plans
❑ In anticipation of a hurricane or other disaster, this plan can be used to mitigate the danger and the loss
of life and property which may occur.
8) Land Classification
❑ The Land Use Plan Update identifies and discusses six different land classification categories pertinent
to Leland. Those six are Developed Commercial, Developed Institutional, Developed Residential,
Transition, Rural, and Conservation. Both residential and commercial development will continue, for the
planning period, to be the dominant land use in Leland
9) Relationship of Policies and Land Classification
❑ The policies in the LUPUP are designed to be implemented gradually over the planning period (which
for this plan is ten years). The Land classification categories, which are graphically depicted on the Land
Classification Map, are designed to give interested persons a picture of the Town's future growth patterns
and areas of development activity, according to general type, at a glance.
10) Intergovernmental Coordination and Implementation
❑ The Town of Leland wishes to continue to have a good working relationship with Brunswick County
and the other municipalities in Brunswick County. The Town of Leland also recognizes the Town is a part
of an area larger than the boundaries of Brunswick County and supports regional efforts which will better
the lives of all citizens.
Summary of Policies for Growth & Development
Land Use Plans are policy documents. The Town of Leland recognizes that the basic information on the
Town which is for the purpose of helping the plan user, who may be a Town official, a developer, or a local
citizen, to understand the existing situation in Leland so that appropriate public and private sector decisions
can be made concerning the future growth and development of the Town. The policies in the LUPUP are
reflective of the desires of the Town of Leland. These policies are also consistent with the NC Coastal
Resources Commission Land Use Planning Guidelines.
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