CAMA Land Use Plan 1993-1993

Town of Leland, NC
CAMA Land Use Plan
THE PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT
THROUGH A GRANT PROVIDED BY THE N
PROGRAM, THROUGH FUNDS PROVIDED BY
OF 1972, AS AMENDED WHICH IS ADM1N1:
COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT N
ADMINISTRATION.
DCM COPY W/A ` DCM COPY
lease do not remove!!!!!
Division of Coastal Management
Local Adoption: June 24, 1993
CRC Certification: July 23, 1993
1
i KWA KEN WEEDEN & ASSOCIATES

Town of Leland
CAMA Land Use Plan
1993
Prepared By:
Town of Leland Planning Board
Ivey Duncan, Chairman
Lucille Blake William Murrill
James Croft David Smith
Ruth Field
Adopted by:
Town Council
S. L. Doty, Mayor
Jane Gilbert SadieRichburg
Thomas Hyatt George Yates
Joyce B. Bragg, Town Clerk
Teresa R. Hewett, Administrative Assistant

TOWN OF LELAND, NORTH CAROLINA
1992 LAND USE PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION I: ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS AND PROJECTED DEMAND 1
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Establishment of Information Base
B. Present Conditions
1. Population
a. Population Composition
2. Population Projections
C. Existing Land Use Analysis
1. General Patterns
a. Residential,
b. Commercial
2.. Significant Land and Water Compatibility Problems
a. Land Compatibility Problems
b. Water Compatibility Problems
3. Major Problems from Unplanned Development
a. Drainage Problems
b. Unpaved Streets/Limited Neighborhood Access
c. Lack of Design Standards in Mobile Home Parks
d. Small Lots/Crowded Lots
4. Areas Experiencing or Likely to Experience Major
Land Use Changes
5. Identification of Areas of Environmental Concern
a. Estuarine System
(1) Coastal Wetlands
(2) Estuarine Waters
' (3) Public Trust Waters
(4) Estuarine Shorelines
I
f
(5) Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW's)
D. Review of Current Plans, Policies and Regulations
E. Constraints: Land Suitability
1. Physical Limitations for Development
a. Man -Made Hazards
b. Natural Hazards Areas
(1) Flood Hazard Areas
(2) Estuarine Erosion Areas
C. Areas with Soils Limitations
d. Sources and Estimated Quantity of Water Supply
(1) Groundwater
(2) Surface Water Quality
e. Slopes in Excess of 12%
2. Fragile Areas
a. Natural Resource Fragile Areas
(1) Coastal Complex Natural Areas
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
9
9
9
9
11
12
13
13
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
16
16
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17
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L

(2) Areas that Sustain Remnant Species
3) Unique Geological Formations
4) Registered Landmarks
5) Wooded Swamp
6) Prime Wildlife Habitats
MPocosins
Scenic and Prominent High Points
(9) Maritime Forests
(10) 404 Wetlands
(11) U.S. Fish and Wildlife National Wetlands
Inventory
b. Cultural Resources Fragile Areas
3. Areas with Resource Potential
a. Agriculture and Forest Lands
b. Productive Water Bodies
C. Mining Lands
d. Public Owned Forests and Fish and Gamelands
e. Privately Owned Wildlife Sanctuaries
F. Community Facilities Constraints Analysis
1. Water System
2. Sewer System
3. Police Protection
4. Rescue Squad
5. Town Administration
6. Library
7. Solid Waste Disposal and Landfill Facilities
8. Road System
9. Schools
10. Parks and Recreation
11. Fire Department
G. Projected Demand
1. Population Forecasts
2. Land Use
3. Water
4. Sewer
5. Other Facilities and Services
SECTION II: POLICY STATEMENTS
PREFACE
A. Resource Protection
1. Areas of Environmental Concern
a. Coastal Wetlands: Policies
(1) Policy Choices
b. Estuarine Waters and
Policies
(1) Policy Choices
C. Public Trust Waters:
(1) Policy Choices
d. Outstanding Resource
Constraints to Development
ii
Estuarine Shorelines:
Policies
Waters (ORW's)
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
21
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21
21
21
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27
28
29
31
31
31
32
32
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34
36
36
37
37
37
38
39
39
39
39

D.
C.
a. Man -Made Hazards
40
b. Flood Hazard Areas
40
C. Areas With Soil Limitations
40
d. Natural Resource Fragile Areas
40
e. Cultural Resource Fragile Areas
40
f. Policy Choices: Areas With Constraints
41
3.
Hurricane and Flood Evacuation Needs and Plans
42
4.
Other Resource Protection Policy Areas
42
a. Protection of Potable Water Supply
42
b. Use of Package Treatment Plants
42
c. Stormwater Runoff
43
d. Marina and Floating Home Development
43
e. Industrial Impacts on Fragile Areas
43
f. Drystacking Facilities
43
g. Restrictions within Areas That Might be
Susceptible to Sea Level Rise and Wetland Loss
43
h. Upland Excavation for Marina Basins
43
i. Damage to Existing Marshes
44
5.
Resource Protection Policies: Implementation
Strategies
44
Resource Production and Management Policies
45
1.
Commercial and Recreational Fisheries
45
a. Policies
46
2.
Recreational Lands and Public Access
46
3.
Residential and Commercial Land Development
46
a. Policies
46
4.
Productive Agricultural Lands
47
5.
Other Resource Production and Management Issues
47
6.
Resource Production and Management: Implementation
Strategies
47
Economic and Community Development Policies
47
1.
Community Attitude Toward Growth
47
2.
Types and Locations of Desired Industries
49
a. Types of Industries
49
b. Locations and Standards
49
3.
Local Commitment to Providing Services to Development
49
4.
Types of Urban Growth Patterns Desired
50
a. Housing
50
b. Commercial Development
50
5.
Redevelopment of Developed Areas
51
6.
Commitment to State and Federal Programs
51
7.
Assistance to Channel Maintenance and Beach
Renourishment
51
8.
Energy Facilities Siting
51
9.
Tourism
52
10.
Estuarine Beach Access
52
11.
Types, Densities, and Locations of Residential
Development
52
12.
Local Community Development Issues
52
13.
Economic and Community Development: Implementation
Strategies
53
iii

D. Continuing Public Participation Plans
53
1. Policy Statements
54
E. Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post Disaster Recovery and
Evacuation Plans
54
1. Effects of a Coastal Storm
54
a. High Winds
54
b. Flooding
55
C. Erosion
55
2. Composite Hazards
56
a. Land Use Inventory
56
3. Storm Hazard Mitigation Policies
56
a. High Winds
56
b. Flooding
56
C. Wave Action and Shoreline Erosion
57
4. Policy to Discourage Development in the Most
Hazardous Areas
57
S. Policy on Public Acquisition of Land in the Most
Hazardous Areas
58
6. Evacuation Plans and Policies
58
7. Post -Disaster Reconstruction Plan and Policies
58
a. Emergency Period
58
b. Restoration Period
59
C. Replacement Reconstruction Period
59
d. Commemorative, Betterment, and Developmental
Reconstruction Period
59
(1) Emergency Management Response to Immediate
Cleanup
59
(2) Local Long -Term Reconstruction Policies
59
3) Guidelines for Post Disaster Repairs and
Reconstruction
60
(a) Timing and Completion of Damage
Estimates
60
(b) Timing and Completion of Temporary
Development Moratoria
61
(c) Development Standards - Post Disaster
61
(4) Establishment of Schedule for Staging and
Permitting Repairs and Reconstruction
61
(5) Policy Implementation
61
6 Policies for Repair and Replacement
61
SECTION III: LAND CLASSIFICATION
62
A. General
62
B. Urban Transition
63
C. Conservation
65
D. Other Classifications
66
F. Land Classification Summary
66
SECTION IV: RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES TO LAND CLASSIFICATION
67
SECTION V: INTERGOVERNMENT COORDINATION
68
iv

A. General
Appendix I: Results of Leland's Citizen Survey, Mayor's
Advisory Survey, and Citizen Participation
Documentation
v
m

TOWN OF LELAND
1992 LAND USE PLAN
LIST OF TABLES AND MAPS
TABLE PAGE
1. Total 1990 Population, Town of Leland 3
2. Leland's Population Composition Summary 4
3. Comparative Populations of Brunswick County 5
4. Population Projections, Town of Leland, 1995-2000 6
5. Soil Characteristics for Leland 16-A
6. Surface Water Classification for Leland 17
MAPS PAGE
1. Location Map vi
2. Existing Land Uses attached
3. High Hazard Flood Areas attached
4. Suitability of Soils attached
5. Water Classifications and Primary Nursery Areas attached
6. National Wetland Inventory Areas attached
7. Composite Hazards attached
8. Land Classification attached
vi

0 25 SO 75 IM
Leland
MAP 1
Location Map

Introduction
The North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act of 1974, better
known as "CAMA," requires that the 20 counties located in the
State's coastal region and their respective municipalities prepare
Land Use Plans. These land use plans, although developed according
to State -provided guidelines, allow the affected local governments
to establish and enforce, at the local level, policies to guide and
manage the growth and development of their communities. Local land
use plans were developed initially in 1974-75. The plans were to
have a 10-year outlook in terms of projecting population, economic,
land use, and community facility trends. However, because of the
social, economic and environmental dynamics of the coastal area,
the State guidelines required that all plans be "updated" every
five years. This periodic update would permit local governments to
pause and take another look at the previously developed policies to
see how they relate to possible newly emerging trends.
The Town of Leland, North Carolina, located in Northern Brunswick
County, which is the State's southeasternmost county, (See Map 1)
is a "new" town. Leland became an incorporated municipality in
September, 1989. This document represents Leland's first attempt
at developing a CAMA Land Use Plan.
This initial planning document will closely adhere to the CAMA
planning guidelines as contained in Section 7B (as amended) of the
Act. The required four major components of the Land Use Plan
document are as follows:
(i) Data Collection and Analysis:
This is a summary of the existing patterns and
the Town's jurisdiction as far as population,
land use, community facilities and other
concerned.
(ii) Policy Discussion and Policy Statements.
(iv)
trends within ,
the economy,
resources are
Based on a thorough analysis of existing conditions, trends,
and patterns, this section sets forth clear statements of
policy on a number of issues affecting the Town.
Existina Land Use Map:
A map showing the current overall land use patterns within the r
Town's jurisdiction, is a required and very useful part of the
plan.
Land_ Classification Map:
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I
1

I
This map is intended to be a graphic reflection of the Town's
land use policies, based on projected density of development,
for all of the lands within its jurisdiction.
' Within these major components of this initial CAMA Land Use Plan
for the Town of Leland, are many subcomponents. All of these
elements should contribute to the Town's continuing planning
efforts.
A. Establishment of Information Base
'
The information base for this initial Land Use Plan for Leland
is broad and varied. Ordinarily, for land use plan updates,
the previous update provides a good source of background data.
However, since Leland is a newly chartered community,
(September, 1989), there is little or no historical data
specifically geared to Leland. The townships in which Leland
is located were addressed in the 1987 Brunswick County CAMA
Land Use Plan. The Town is located primarily in Brunswick
County's Northwest Township. It is difficult to diseggregate
data for Leland, however, because three other municipalities
are also located in these two townships. These three include
Leland's two adjacent neighboring communities, Belville and
Navassa, as well as Sandy Creek, located a little further on
US 74-76. Sandy Creek is also a relatively new town, having
been incorporated since the County's 1987 Land Use Plan
Update.
In addition to the 1987 County Land Use Plan,'a number of
other data sources were utilized in the effort to analyze the
population, housing, economic, environmental, and land use
conditions in Leland. Much of the data came from primary
sources, i.e. through contacts with town representatives and
representatives of Brunswick County and State Planning
Agencies. A number of secondary data sources were also relied
i upon, including the following:
1. U.S. Census Reports, 1990 (Preliminary)
2. North Carolina Office of Management & Budget/State Data
Center
The data analysis, along with input from the Town's citizens
and discussions with Town officials, identified many issues
facing Leland. Some of these are listed below:
1. The feasibility and/or desirability of annexing
additional land areas into the Town, specifically "Old
Leland".
2. What to do about the preponderance of mobile homes within
I the Town.
3. The need for land use controls in Leland, e.g., zoning
and/or subdivision regulations.
2

B.
4. The need for efficient thoroughfare and street planning.
5. The potential impact of the proposed Wilmington Bypass,
now under study by the NCDOT.
6. The need to begin planning for public recreational
facilities.
7. The need for centralized sewer services.
8. The need to plan for additional community facilities and
services, e.g. drainage control, street paving, etc.
9. The need to pursue grant assistance for re -development of
some existing areas.
All of these issues and others are discussed in this plan and
are incorporated into the Policy Statements.
Present Conditions
1. Population
Although Leland has been a recognized community in
Brunswick County for many years, it has been an
officially chartered municipality only since September,
1989. At that time the majority of the registered voters
approved a referendum to become a "Town." It is
difficult to analyze population trends in Leland since
there is no historical population data on the specific
current town boundaries. Leland made its first official
showing in the U.S. Census in the 1990.
The preliminary 1990 U.S. Census figures for Leland are
presented in Table 1, below:
Table 1: Total 1990 Population, Town of Leland
Year Total Persons Total Dwelling Units
1990 1801 750
Source: U.S. Census, 1990 (Preliminary)
The Town's population of 1,801 persons makes Leland the
third most populated among Brunswick County's 17
municipalities. Brunswick County, which has a 1990
census population of 50,985 persons, has many small
municipalities including seven (7) oceanfront beach
communities. Leland, on the other hand, is located in
the Northwestern edge of the County only six miles from
the much more urbanized City of Wilmington. Wilmington
is located in New Hanover County, which has a preliminary
1990 census population of over 119,000 persons. Leland
is, to some degree, a bedroom community for its larger
urban neighbor across the Cape Fear River.

11
�r
a. Population Composition
rof Leland's 1,801 persons, according to the 1990
census 89.5% or 1,611 are white, while only 190
(10.5%) are non -white. The 190 non -whites consist
of 186 blacks, three American Indians, and one
Japanese.
The male -female ratio in Leland is slightly
different in Leland than most areas. In Leland,
males make up 50.1% of the population, while
females comprise 49.9%. In most localities, it is
the reverse.
Concerning age breakdowns, Leland's population
consists primarily of younger people. According to
the 1990 census, more than two thirds (62'.2%) of
the town's population consists of persons 44 years
old and younger, with more than one-fourth (27.6%)
being under 17 years of age.
A summary of the
shown in Table 2
town's
below:
population composition is
Table 2: Leland's Population
Composition Summary
rRace
No.
Pct.
White
1611
89.5
Non -white
190
10.5
Gender
Male
902
50.1
Female
899
49.9
Age Groups
0 - 4
174
9.7
5 - 17
322
17.9
18 - 44
749
41.6
45 - 64
421
23.4
62+
186
10.3
65+
135
7.5
Source: U.S. Census - Summary Tape File 1
It is interesting to note the comparative
populations of all of Brunswick County's munici-
palities in order of size and their percent of the
County's total. This is presented in Table 3:
r
4

Table 3:
Comparative Populations of
Brunswick
County Municipalities, 1990
Town
Population
% of County
1.
Long Beach
3,816
7.5
2.
Southport
2,369
4.6
3.
Leland
1,801
3.5
4.
Boiling Spring Lakes
1,650
3.2
5.
Calabash
1,210
2.4
6.
Shailotte
965
1.9
7.
Yaupon Beach
735
1.4
8.
Holden Beach
626
1.2
9.
Ocean Isle Beach
526
1.0
10.
Navassa
445
.9
11.
Varnamtown
404
.8
12.
Sunset Beach
311
.6
13.
Sandy Creek
243
.5
14.
Bolivia
228
.5
15.
Caswell Beach
175
.3
16.
Bald Head Island
78
.15
17.
Belville
66
.13
18.
Unincorporated
35,337
69.3
Brunswick County Total
50,985
Source: Brunswick County
Planning Department
2. Population Projection
Brunswick County, with its several beachfront communities as
well as inland waterfront communities, has seen its population
escalate throughout the 1980's. In 1980, the County's
population was 35,777 persons. The 1990 census for the County
is 50,985. This represents an increase of 14,208 persons, or
42.5%. The rate of growth, i.e. 1,521 persons per year, or an
average annual percentage rate of 4.25%, is impressive. State
demographers project that the population of Brunswick County
will continue strong and steady throughout the 1990's, albeit
at a slightly slower rate. This growth, as well as continued
growth in neighboring New Hanover County, will likely have a
positive effect upon Leland's population growth. Also,
Northern Brunswick County in which Leland is located, is
projected to experience continued industrial growth in the
future.
In order to project Leland's population, in light of the
absence of any historical trend data, a number of assumptions
can be made. To simplify the procedure, it will be assumed
that as Brunswick County grows, so will Leland. It will
further be assumed that Leland's "share", or percentage of
Brunswick County's total 1990 population, i.e. 3.53%, will
remain constant through the year 2000. With these assumptions

in mind, recognizing that any number of events could offset
them, the following projections are set forth for the Town of
Leland in Table 4:
Table 4: Population Projections, Town of Leland, 1995-2000
Year Brunswick Co. % Change/Yr. Leland % Change/Yr.
1990 50,985 --- 1,801 ---
1995 64,721 5.4 2,285 5.4
2000 74,914 3.2 2,645 3.2
Source: U.S. Census; NC State Data Center, and KWA, Inc.
Under these assumptions, which do not take into consideration
growth by annexations, Leland's population will increase by
843 persons during the 1990's. Leland does not anticipate any
seasonal population fluctuations. Such an increase would be
quite significant for Leland. There would be an increased
need and demand for land for residential, and to some degree,
commercial development. The need and demand for a variety of
community facilities and services will also be an important
factor of consideration. However, additional discussion on
these and other related issues are reserved for later sections
of this Land Use Plan.
C. Existing Land Use Analysis
1. General Patterns
The Town of Leland is relatively small in land area. The
Town is bounded by the Brunswick River on the east, the
Southern right-of-way of US Highway 74-76 on the south
and around to the west, and Sturgeon Creek .(a tributary
of the Brunswick River) on the north.
There is a substantial amount of vacant land within the
current Town limits, although a substantial amount of
land has been sub -divided and platted. Residential land
uses dominate the existing land use patterns in Leland.
Additional information is provided below (See Map 2).
a. Residential
Residential land uses consist of a mixture of
single-family dwellings and mobile homes. An
informal local survey conducted by town residents
in 1990 showed that nearly 50% of all dwelling
units are mobile homes. There are a few duplexes
and small apartment complexes located within the
Town. Several residential areas have been

b.
developed as platted subdivisions. These include
Greenwood Heights; Belvedere Heights; Longleaf
Hills; Forest Hills; Woodland; old Martinsville;
Woodburn Acres; and Westover, which is a mobile
home community.
There are several mobile home parks in Leland as
well as a number of mobile home units scattered
throughout the Town.
Commercial
There is a significant amount of commercial land
usage in Leland's jurisdiction. This is especially
true of land adjacent to the northern right-of-way
of US 74-76. A contributing factor to the lack of
development in these areas may be lack of access,
and a combination of wood-swamp/coastal marsh
adjacent to some of the above -mentioned water
courses.
2. Significant Land and Water Compatibility Problems
a.
Land Compatibility Problems
The identification of land use incompatibilities is
an important consideration in planning for future
land uses. In the conventional sense, land use
compatibility problems generally occur when two or
more land use types are adjacent to each other and
one use is somehow restricted or inhibited from
expansion. Conditions are present which are
perceived to be adverse. This, then, discourages
additional investment by. one or more of the land
uses.
As discussed previously, Leland developed without
the application of conventional land use controls
such as zoning. In some areas of the Town, the
land use pattern consists of a mixture of mobile
homes, single-family conventional units, and
commercial uses, all adjacent to each other. This
mixture of land uses, which detracts from the
Town's aesthetics and impacts property values, is
the most significant land compatibility problem in
Leland.
b. Water Compatibility Problems
Leland has a significant
shoreline because of the
waterfront Sturgeon Creek.
amount of waterfront
Brunswick River and
However, there is very

3.
little access for the general public. This lack of
public access is Leland's major water compatibility
problem.
Major Problems from Unplanned Development
There are several land use -related problems in Leland
which have resulted from "unplanned" development. Some
of these are briefly discussed below:
a. Drainage Problems
There are a number of "low" areas in Leland's
jurisdiction. With the entire area being basically
flat, along with the absence of storm sewers, heavy
rains often present a serious drainage problem for
the Town. As the Town develops, adequate removal
of storm water will be an issue it must address.
b. Unpaved Streets/Limited Neighborhood Access
A number of streets in Leland are unpaved. This
creates an accessibility problem for many residents
during and after heavy rains because of muddy
conditions in some areas. During dry season,
excessive dust can also be a problem.
C. Lack of Design Standards in Mobile Home Parks
Leland, as noted previously, has a substantial
concentration of mobile home parks. Many of these
parks were developed without consistent and
compatible design standards. In some instances,
ingress and egress is a problem. In others, some
units are too close to each other. In future,
there is a need to insure adherence to proper
design standards.
d. Small Lots/Crowded Lots
Since Leland developed for the most part without
land use controls, there are incidents of more than
one residential use, i.e., a conventional, stick -
built unit and a mobile home being on the same lot.
In addition to creating possible problems with
septic tank and/or well separations, this situation
facilitates general overcrowding.
The above are just some of the more notable
problems resulting from unplanned development in
Leland.

4.
5.
Areas Experiencing or Likely to Experience Major Land Use
Changes
There is a substantial amount of vacant land within
Leland's jurisdiction that is suitable for development.
Most of the proposed significant land use changes will
occur along the major thoroughfares adjacent to or which
run through the Town. Presently, additional commercial
development is proposed next to Hills supermarket, i.e.,
adjacent to an existing shopping center along Village
Road, and near the intersection with US Highways 74-76.
Also, additional commercial development is expected along
Village Road up to Navassa Road.
Identification of Areas of Environmental Concern
One of the most significant aspects of the legislation
which created CAMA, was the designation of special "Areas
of Environmental Concern" (AECs). These areas, which are
defined in the North Carolina Statutes, require special
protective consideration as far as land use planning is
concerned. AECs are further designated under two major
categories, the Estuarine System, and Ocean Hazards AECs.
Because of its inland location, Leland has AECs in only
the Estuarine System category. The Estuarine System will
be discussed below.
a. Estuarine System
The Estuarine System AECs include Coastal Wetlands,
Estuarine Waters, Estuarine Shorelines, Public
Trust Waters, and most recently, Outstanding
Resource Waters. These areas and their
significance to Leland are discussed below:
(1) Coastal Wetlands
These areas are defined as any salt marsh or
other marsh subject to regular or occasional
flooding by tides, including wind tides
(whether or not the tide waters reach the
marshland areas through natural or artificial
water courses), but not including hurricane or
tropical storm tides. In Leland coastal
wetlands could most likely occur in the marsh
areas adjacent to the Brunswick River from the
US 17-74-76 bridge, north to the River's
intersection with Sturgeon Creek. Also,
according to the CAMA permit officer, another
likely general location is the undeveloped
area along Sturgeon Creek, i.e., the Town's
northern boundary.

Wetlands are further defined as having some
but not necessarily all of the following marsh
plant species:
Cord Grass (Spartina alterniflora)
Black Needlerush (Juncus roemerianus)
Glasswort (Salicornia spp.)
Salt Grass (Distichlis spicata)
Sea Lavender (Limonium spp.)
Bulrush (Scirpus spp.)
Saw Grass (Clark jamaicense)
Cat -tail (Typa spp.)
Salt Meadow Grass (Spartina patens)
Salt Reed Grass (Spartina Cynosuroides)
Coastal wetlands like those in and around
Leland's jurisdiction are unique in supporting
estuarine productivity. Detritus (decayed
plant material) and other nutrients are
exported from a variety of marine species in
the spawning or juvenile stages. The amount
of exportation and the degree of importance
varies from marsh to marsh depending upon the
frequency of flooding and the characteristics
of the various plant species. Without the
marsh, the high productivity levels and
complex food chain typically found in the
estuarine systems could not be maintained.
Coastal wetlands are sometimes called "the
nursery of the deep." Estuarine dependent
species of fish and shellfish such as
menhaden, shrimp, flounder, oysters, and crabs
make up about 90 percent of the total value of
North Carolina's commercial catch. The
marshlands, therefore, support an enormous
amount of commercial and recreational
businesses along the coast. Their importance
cannot be over estimated.
The roots, rhizomes, stems, and seeds found in
coastal wetlands also provide good feeding and
nesting materials for waterfowl and wildlife.
In addition, wetlands serve as the first line
of defense. in retarding estuarine shoreline
erosion. The plant stems and leaves tend to
dissipate wave action, while wetlands can also
serve as barriers against flood damage and
help to control erosion between the estuary
areas.
Marshlands also serve as nutrient and sediment
10

traps by slowing the water which flows over
them and causing suspended organic and
inorganic particles to settle. In this
manner, the needed and useful nutrient
storehouse is maintained, while sediment
harmful to marine organisms is removed. Also,
pollutants and excessive nutrients are
absorbed by the marsh plants, adding to their
natural function of helping to maintain water
quality. (15A 7H .0205)
Estuarine Waters
This AEC is defined as all the waters of the
Atlantic Ocean and the bays, sounds, rivers,
and tributaries thereto, seaward of the
dividing line between coastal fishing waters
and inland fishing waters. In Leland,
estuarine waters consist of the Brunswick
River from the US 17-74-76 Bridge to the point
where Sturgeon Creek branches off to the west.
The primary significance of estuarine waters
is that they are a dominant component of the
entire estuarine system, mixing aquatic
influences from both the land and the sea.
Coastal estuaries are among the most
productive natural environments in North
Carolina. They support the valuable
commercial and sports fisheries of the coastal
area consisting of such estuarine dependent
species as menhaden, flounder, shrimp, crabs
and oysters. These species must spend all or
some part of their life cycles within the
estuarine waters in order to mature and
eventually reproduce. Of the ten leading
species in the commercial catch, all but one
are dependent on the estuary.
The high productivity associated with the
estuary results from its unique circulation
patterns caused by tidal energy, fresh water
flow, and shallow depth. The nutrient
trapping mechanisms add protection to the many
organisms. The circulation pattern of
estuarine water performs a number of important
functions, including transporting nutrients,
propelling the plankton, spreading seed stages
of fish and shellfish, flushing wastes from
animal and plant life, cleaning the system of
pollutants, controlling salinity, shifting
sediments, and mixing the water to create a
11
1

multitude of habitats.
Secondary benefits include commercial and
sports fisheries, waterfowl hunting,
processing operations, and tourist -related
industries. In addition, there is
considerable non -monetary value associated
with aesthetics, recreation and education.
There is a limited amount of estuarine waters
in Leland's jurisdiction. (15A 7H .0206)
Public Trust Waters
These are described as (1) all the waters of
the Atlantic Ocean and the lands thereunder
from the mean high water mark to the seaward
limit of state jurisdiction; (2) all natural
bodies of water subject to measurable lunar
tides and lands thereunder to the mean high
water mark; (3) all navigable natural bodies
of water and land thereunder to the mean high
water level or mean water level as the case
may be, except privately -owned lakes to which
the public has no right of access; (4) all
water in artificially created bodies of water
containing significant public fishing
resources or other public resources which are
accessible to the public by navigation from
bodies of water in which the public has rights
of navigation; and (5) all waters in
artificially created bodies of water in which
the public has acquired rights by
prescription, custom, usage, dedication, or
any other means. In determining whether the
public has acquired rights in artificially
created bodies of water, the following factors
shall be considered:
(1) the use of the body of water by the
public,
(2) the length of time the public has used
the area,
(3) the value of public resources in the body
of water,
(4) whether the public resources in the body
of water are mobile to the extent that
they can move into natural bodies of
water,
(5) whether the creation of the artificial
body of water required permission from
the state, and
(6) the value of the body of water to the
12

Public for navigation from one public
area to another public area.
Public Trust Waters within Leland are
generally the same as the above described
estuarine waters, i.e. the Brunswick River
from the US 17-74-76 bridge up to Sturgeon
Creek.. However, "Navigable Limits" could also
include a significant portion of the Sturgeon
Creek west of the Brunswick River. The
significance of the public trust waters is
that the public has rights to them, including
navigation and recreation. In addition, these
public waters may support valuable commercial
and sports fisheries, have aesthetic value,
and are important resources for economic
development.
(4) Estuarine Shorelines
As AECs, estuarine shorelines, although
characterized as dry land, are considered a
significant component of the estuarine system
because of the close association with the
adjacent estuarine waters. Estuarine
shorelines are those non -ocean shorelines
which are especially vulnerable to erosion,
flooding, or other adverse effects of wind and
water and are intimately connected to the
estuary. All of the dry land area adjacent to
the estuarine waters of Leland up to 75 feet
as further defined below, are designated as
estuarine shorelines..
The extent of the estuarine shoreline area
extends from the mean high water level or
normal water level along the estuaries,
sounds, bays, and brackish waters as adopted
by the Wildlife Resources Commission of the NC
Department of Environment, Health and Natural
Resources, for a distance of 75 feet landward.
Any development that occurs within the
estuarine shoreline can influence the quality
of the estuarine life. Such development is
also subject to the damaging process of shore
front erosion and flooding. (15A 07H .0209)
(5) Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW's)
In 1989, the North Carolina Environmental
Management Commission designated certain
13

D.
E.
waters within North Carolina as Outstanding
Resource Waters (ORW's). These areas were
designated because they were considered to be
of significant value as recreational and
natural resource areas. Special development
controls may be imposed in each area. These
controls include, but are not necessarily
limited to, expanding the estuarine shoreline
width to 575 feet. (15A 07H .208-5) There
are no ORW's in Leland's jurisdiction.
Review of Current Plans, Polices and Regulations
Since its incorporation in September, 1989, the Town of Leland
has not developed for adoption any local regulations or land
use policies. The Town, as of the development of this initial
CAMA Land Use Plan, does not have zoning, subdivision, or
local flood damage ordinances. Currently, building
inspections and enforcement of the Brunswick County Flood
Damage Ordinance is done for Leland, under contract with
Brunswick County.
The Town anticipates developing and adopting its own local.
regulations during the 1992-93 Fiscal year. Leland is,
however, subject to several existing state and/or federal land
use controls -- specifically those state rules for coastal
development as authorized by CAMA and the Federal "404
Wetlands" laws administered by the US Army Corps of Engineers.
Constraints: Land Suitability
This section of the Leland Land Use Plan proposes to identify
features of the land or landscape of the Town which are or
could pose serious constraints to development, such as
physical limitations, fragile areas, and areas with resource
potential.
Physical Limitations for Development
Certain areas of Leland have conditions which make
development costly or would cause undesirable
consequences if developed. This section focuses upon
hazards and natural hazard areas such as flood hazard
areas, estuarine erosion areas, areas with soil
limitations, areas which serve as sources of water
supply. and areas with excessive slope.
a. Man -Made Hazards
Leland is predominantly a residential community
with limited commercial uses. There are no man-
made hazards such as tank farms, noxious
14

b.
industries, or nuclear power plants located within
the Town. There are however, two above -ground
diesel storage tanks which may be considered minor
man-made hazards.
Natural Hazard Area
1. Flood Hazard Areas: The Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) identified flood
hazard areas in Leland when the Flood
Insurance Study for Brunswick County was
released in June 1988. Leland has not yet
entered the regular phase of the Federal Flood
Insurance Program as a municipality. The
flood plains in Leland are generally grouped
into the following classes and are continued
on the attached Map 3.
A -zone: The A -zone encompasses those areas
which would be flooded by a 100 year
storm but not subject to wave
action. All lower elevation
properties along the Brunswick River
and Sturgeon Creek are classified as
A -zone areas. As Map 3 shows, this
area encompasses a substantial
number of platted lots, some vacant
and some developed.
B-zone: The B-zone encompasses those areas
which would be flooded by a 500 year
storm. Generally, land with
slightly higher elevation which
borders A -zone properties are
classified as B-zone. There are
pockets of B-zone flood plain
bordering Sturgeon Creek.
C-zone: The C-zone includes areas of minimal
flooding and these areas are not
shaded on FEMA maps. In Leland, all
land of higher elevation not
bordering the Brunswick River and
Sturgeon Creek are classified as C-
zone property. Most of the land
within Leland jurisdiction is
relatively high -ground Zone C areas.
Estuarine Erosion Area
The estuarine erosion natural hazard area is
defined as the non -ocean shoreline subject to
15

c.
n
erosion or similar effects of wind and water, which
is usually the immediate estuarine shoreline.
A 1977 report titled:
Counties. N.C.", did not include the Brunswick
River shoreline in the Leland area. Due to the
estuarine marsh area adjacent to the Brunswick
River, it is not likely that estuarine erosion is a
major problem in Leland's jurisdiction.
Areas with Soil Limitations
A soil survey for Brunswick County was issued in November
1986 by the USDA Soil Conservation Service. Table 5
presents the soil characteristics for Leland, as does Map
4. The suitability of these soils for dwellings without
basements, septic tank absorption, and sanitary landfills
is shown.
Generally, most of the soils in Leland have limitations
for many uses because of wetness, flooding, low strength,
seepage, ponding, or poor filtration. Of the eight.
mapped soil classifications, only three have slight
limitations for dwellings without basements, only one has
moderate limitations for septic tank absorption, and none
of the soils are deemed suitable for sanitary landfills.
Nevertheless, the majority of the actual land area within
Leland as far as soil limitations are concerned is
basically "buildable".
Sources and Estimated Quantity of Water Supply
(1) Groundwater
Public water supply well fields are areas of well -
drained sands that extend downward from the surface
into shallow ground water supplies. The N.C.
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources (EHNR) has identified such areas. There
are standards to be met on any development over
such a well field. There are no such designated
areas in Brunswick County, according to the
County's 1987 Land Use Plan.
(2) Surface Water Quality
The quality of the surface water .in the Brunswick
River adjacent to Leland is "SC". The water of
Sturgeon Creek is classified as C-SW. Table 6
further defines these classifications and Map 5
shows their locations.
16

Table S: Soils Characteristics forLeland
Dwellings,
Septic Tank
Name
General characteristics
without Basement
Absorbtion
Sanitary Landfill
Limitations
BaB
Baymeade
Well drained soils on
uplands
slight
severe: Poor filter
severe: seepage
Bne
Blanton
Moderately well drained
SlightModerate:
Severe: Seepage
soils on uplands
wetness
0
Poorly drained soils on
Severe: Flooding,
Severe: Flooding,
Flooding: severe
CH
chowan
flood plains
wetness, low
wetness, peres
seepage, wetness
strength
slowly
Fo
Foreston
Moderately well drained
Slight
Severe: Wetness
Seepage: severe
soils on uplands
wetness
Lo
Leon
Poorly drained soils on
severe: wetness
Severe: wetness
Seepage: severe
uplands
wetness
Ma
Mandarin
somewhat poorly
Moderate:
severe: wetness
seepage: severe
drained on uplands
Wetness
Wetness
Mk
Muckalee
Poorly drained soils on
severe: Flooding,
Severe: Flooding,
Flooding: severe
low flood plains
wetness
wetness
wetness
Very poorly drained soils
Severe: Ponding,
Flooding: Severe
Mu
Murville
in depressions on
severe: Ponding
pour filter
wetness
uplands

TABLE 6: Surface Water Classification for Leland
Classification Classification Definition Water System
Class SC Tidal Salt Waters used for Brunswick River
propagation and wildlife and
secondary recreation
Class CSW Swamp waters which have low Sturgeon Creek
salinity and other natural
characteristics which are
' different from adjacent streams
and used for aquatic life propa-
gation and survival, fishing,
' wildlife, secondary recreation
and agriculture.
Source: "Classifications and Water Quality Standards Assigned to the
Waters of the Cape Fear River Basin." NC Department of
Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, November 1990.
e. Slopes in Excess of 12%
Generally, there are no areas within the planning area
which have slopes in excess of 12 percent and which are
not suitable for development.
2. Fragile Areas
These are areas which could easily be damaged or destroyed by
inappropriate or poorly planned development. These include
those areas previously identified and discussed as Areas of
Environmental Concern (AECs). These included estuarine
waters, public, trust waters, and estuarine shorelines (see
pages 9-14 of this section). However, there may be other
fragile areas in Leland which are not classified as Areas of
Environmental Concern, but nevertheless, due to either natural
or cultural significance, are environmentally sensitive.
These areas will be identified and discussed below as either
"Natural Resource Fragile Areas",- or "Cultural Resource
Fragile Areas".
a. Natural Resource Fragile Areas
Natural Resource Fragile Areas are generally recognized
to be of educational, scientific, or cultural value
because of the natural features of the particular site.
Features in these areas serve to distinguish them from
the vast majority of the landscape. These areas include:
complex natural geologic formations, pocosins, wooded
17

swamps, prime wildlife habitats, or registered natural
landmarks.
(1) Coastal Complex Natural Areas
Coastal complex natural areas are defined as lands
that support native plant and animal communities
and provide habitat qualities which have remained
essentially unchanged by human activity. Such
areas may be either significant components of
coastal systems or especially notable habitat areas
with scientific, educational, or aesthetic value.
They may be surrounded by landscape that has been
modified but does not drastically alter conditions
within the natural areas.. Coastal complex areas
are significant in that they function as a key
biological component of natural systems and provide
habitat suitable for threatened or endangered
species or support plant or animal communities
representative of pre -settlement conditions.
Coastal Complex Natural Areas may be designated as
an Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) by the
Coastal Resource Commission.
There are no areas within Leland classified as
coastal Complex natural areas.
(2) Areas that Sustain Remnant Species
Coastal areas that sustain remnant species are
those areas that support native plants or animals
which are determined to be rare or endangered
(synonymous with threatened and endangered), within
the coastal area. Such places provide habitats
necessary for the survival of existing populations
of rare or endangered species within the coastal
area and preserve our natural heritage and protect
natural diversity which is related to biological
stability.
There are no threatened or endangered plant or
animal species within Leland and this
classification does not apply.
(3) Unique Geological Formations ,
Unique coastal geological formations are defined as
sites that contain geological formations that are
unique or otherwise significant components of
coastal systems, or that are especially notable
examples of geological formations or processes in '
the coastal area. There are no reported unique
18

geological formations in Leland.
(4) Registered Landmarks
There are no registered natural landmarks within
the Leland Planning Area.
(5) Wooded Swamv
Wooded swamps are simply forested wetlands. Most
of the wetlands along Sturgeon Creek can be
considered as wooded swamps.
(6) Prime Wildlife Habitats
Prime wildlife habitats are areas supporting large
or unusually diverse populations of wildlife or are
habitats for species considered to be rare,
endangered, or of special concern. There are no
such habitats identified in Leland.
(7) Pocosins
A Pocosin is a wetland with vegetation consisting
of scrub swamp dominated by evergreen heath and
hollies with pond pine in the canopy. Generally,
pocosins occur on acid, peats, or sandy plat soils.
There are no pocosins in Leland.
(S) Scenic and Prominent High Points
The elevations in Leland are generally low, with
few prominent high points. Views of scenic areas
which should be protected need to be determined by
local investigation.
(9) Maritime Forests
Maritime forests are generally located on coastal
barrier islands, consequently, there are no
maritime forests in Leland.
(10) 404 Wetlands
Some "404" wetlands have been identified in Leland.
Further identification of "404" wetlands requires
specific site analysis by the Army Corp of
Engineers.
(11) U.S. Fish and Wildlife National Wetlands Inventory
In 1974, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
19

b.
mandated that an inventory of the nation's wetlands
be conducted. The National Wetlands Inventory
(NWI) became operational in 1977. Wetland maps for
Leland were finalized in 1988 and were produced by
stereoscopically interpreting high altitude
photographs of the area which were taken in 1983.
The information was then transferred to U.S.
Geological Survey maps. Wetlands were identified
on the photograph by vegetation, visible hydrology,
and geography. Collateral information also
included U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps
and Soil Conservation Service soil surveys.
The intent of the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI)
was to provide information concerning wetlands to
local, state, and federal officials. The NWI maps
do not define wetlands for regulatory purposes,
especially since the wetland boundaries may not be
exact. The NWI maps serve to "red flag" an area
which may contain wetlands. Those considering land
use changes in these areas should obtain a site -
specific wetlands determination from a private
consultant or an appropriate government agency such
as the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, or the U.S. Soil
Conservation Service.
The wetlands of Leland are located generally on
land with lower elevations adjacent to the
Brunswick River and Sturgeon Creek. A substantial
portion of the vacant land area north of US 74-76
contains some NWI wetlands. Map 6 shows the
general location of the wetlands identified on the
NWI maps. As shown on the map, most of Leland is
comprised of uplands.
Cultural Resource Fragile Areas
Fragile areas are particularly important to a locality,
either in an aesthetic or cultural sense. Fragile
coastal cultural resource areas are generally recognized
to be of educational, associative, scientific, aesthetic,
or cultural value because of their special importance to
our understanding of past human settlement of the
interaction with the coastal zone. Their importance
serves to distinguish the designated areas as significant
amount the historic architectural or archaeological
remains in the coastal zone, and therein establish their
value.
There are no structures listed on the National Register
of Historic Places in Leland according to the N.C.
20

Division of Archives and History.
3. Areas with Resource Potential .
a. Agricultural and Forest Lands
Leland, being primarily a residential community, has no
major commercial, agricultural or forest resources.
There is however, a significant amount of land classified
on the basis of soil types, as "Prime" or "Important"
farmland soils found in Leland according to the USDA Soil
Conservation Service.
b. Productive Water Bodies
According to the NC Marine Fisheries Division, the
Brunswick River near Leland is designated Primary Nursery
Area (PNA). The PNA areas have been designated by the
State as being highly productive for juvenile habitat for
marine species. Destruction of these beds, either
physically by dredging and filling or by pollution,
reduces the attractiveness of the PNA. This area is
shown on Map 5.
C. Mining Lands
There are no mining resources within Leland's
jurisdiction.
d. Publicly Owned Forests and Fish and Gamelands
According to the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission,
there are no publicly owned forests, fish or gamelands
within Leland.
' e. Privately -Owned Wildlife Sanctuaries
There are no private wildlife sanctuaries within Leland.
F. Community Facilities Constraints Analysis
1. Water System
The Town of Leland receives centralized water service from the
independent Leland Sanitary District. The Sanitary District
is supplied through the Brunswick County water system. All of
Leland's residents, however, have not yet tapped onto the
centralized system and some continue to rely on individual
wells for water.
The Brunswick County system receives raw water from the Cape
Fear River. The County water plant treats the water with a
1 21
11

E
pulsating clarifier system with allum, palemar, phosphate,
carbon and lime. The County is considering adding fluoride to
its water treatment process. There are five pumping stations
located throughout the County which aid in the distribution of
the water. The system, completed in 1988, has a maximum
design capacity of 24 million gallons per day (MGD).
Currently, the County has an average usage of only 6 MGD (25%
of capacity) with summer peak usage of 8 MGD to 10 MGD (33% to
41.7% of capacity).
The Leland Sanitary District (which includes Leland) receives
its water from the Brunswick County System at two points.
These are a 36 inch main near Lanvale and a 20 inch main near
Eastbrook. These mains are supplied water via a pumping
station located near Bell Swamp near the Town of Bolivia. The
Leland Sanitary District's system also includes a 300,000
gallon gravity storage tank located near the Leland Industrial
Park approximately two miles from the existing Town limits.
The district's system is comprised of 12 inch and 8 inch
distribution lines with small 6 inch lines serving
neighborhoods. All of these lines are of polyvinyl chloride
construction (PVC), and are owned by the Leland Sanitary
District.
The Leland Sanitary District has been experiencing an overall
growth in water supplied to the area primarily due to more and
more residents tapping onto the system. The average daily use
is approximately 333,000 gallons per day. The design capacity
of the Leland Sanitary District's system is about 3.5 MGD.
The system is currently operating at only 9.5% of capacity.
The district's records indicate that peak usage occurs in
November, January and February. The peak day's usage has been
recorded at 400,000 gallons per day which is 11.4% of
capacity, The Leland Sanitary Districtshould be able to meet
the demand for water throughout the period covered by this
plan. Because the Sanitary District serves a broad geographic
area beyond the Leland Town limits, there is no specific data
available for the Town of Leland's usage, demand, peaks, etc.
Sewer Systems
The Town of Leland does not have centralized sewer services.
There is, however, one private package sewage treatment plant
located in the northeastern portion of the Town. This plant,
owned Gy a local developer, was built in 1984 to serve the
Clairmont Shopping Center. The plant is an extended aeration
type system and has a current capacity of 40,000 gallons per
day with the maximum permitted capacity being 100,000 gallons
per aay. Tne system currently is committed to treating 32,000
gallons per day, or,80% of its current design capacity. The
actual daily treatment volume is 18,000 GPD or 45% of its
capacity. The main lines are made of PVC and are located in
22

3
and around the Clairmont Shopping Center and are 10" in
diameter. The developer/owner proposes to expand the system
by extending collection lines across Village Road to the
Leiand Shopping Center where an additional pump station will
eventually be built. If carried out, these actions would
increase the design capacity by 40,000 gallons per day (to
102,000 gallons per day) and may require a new permit to
110,000 gallons per day. This plant could be issued permits
to increase its capacity to as much as 200,000 gallons per
day.
Currently, all residents in Leland use individual septic
tanks, although it is becoming increasingly difficult to
receive new permits. The Town is currently considering
providing .some public centralized sewer through either
purchasing this private sewer system and/or constructing a new
system. The -Town applied for $5 million in financial
assistance, (i.e., a $2 million grant and $3 million loan from
the Farmers Home Administration), but was disqualified because
of a relatively high median income.
Police Protection
The Town of Leland has a Police Department, which presently
consists of one police officer. The Brunswick County
Sheriff's Department will provide dispatching, services for
Leland at no charge. Currently, the Town, the surrounding
towns, and incorporated areas, also, receives police
protection from the Brunswick County Sheriff's Department.
The sheriff's department has as many as four officers in the
Leland area who are available to respond to emergency calls.
Other deputies can be called in from other parts of the County
it necessary. The staffing level fluctuates during the day,
but generally is as follows:
6:00 AM - 4:00 PM 1 uniformed patrol officer
1 civil officer
1 warrant officer
1 detective
a second detective comes on duty
from 2:00 PM - 10:00 PM
4:00 PM - 9:00 PH 1 uniformed patrol officer
1 detective (as noted above)
9:00 PM - 2:00 AM 2 uniformed patrol officers
2:00 AM - 6:00 PM 1 uniformed patrol officer
The Town has been given two patrol cars by Brunswick County to
be used by the Police Department. The Town has been advised
23

4
5
that in order to have at least one officer on duty, around the
clock, it would have to hire five police officers which would
cost approximately $150,000 to $160,000 annually. This is
considered to be an unlikely solution to the Town's police
protection needs because the Town cannot meet this annual
expense at this time.
Rescue Squad
The Leland Volunteer Rescue Squad serves a large portion of
northeastern Brunswick County. The rescue squad consists of
23 staff members who are all volunteers. Of these, 14 members
are emergency medical technicians (EMT); three are EMT
intermediates (EMTI) who are more advanced in training and
experience than EMT's, four ambulance attendants (who can
assist in medical treatment only under the supervision of an
EMT) and two uncertified trainees who should be certified
within six months.
The rescue squad is located on Village Road, about half way
between the Clairmont Shopping Center and the Leland Post
Office (across from the volunteer fire department). The
building was constructed in the 1960's and is generally in
good condition; however, they would like to build a new
building next to the fire department primarily due to
insufficient training space and have to park one rescue
vehicle outside at all times.
The rescue squad maintains four vehicles to aid its staff in
providing rescue/medical services to the citizens of the
greater Leland area. These vehicles include a 1980 crash
truck, which is in good working condition. This vehicle
carries various rescue equipment and devices which are used to
free crash victims from damaged vehicles. The crash truck
also has lights and generator, ladders, ropes, stretchers, and
other rescue equipment. The ambulances consist of a 1979
model, a 1986 model and a 1991 model -- all three of which are
in very good condition. The rescue squad has expressed
interest in acquiring a Hurst tool (Jaws of Life) and Frat
Packs (specialized splints). The County has recently hired
six (6) additional paramedics who will also service Leland.
The rescue squad appears to be able to adequately meet the
needs of the greater Leland area and is projected to do so
through the ten-year planning period.
Town Administration
The Town of Leland has acquired a 15-acre parcel of land with
an existing single family structure which has been renovated
for use as the Town Hall. This site is located on Village
Road approximately one half of a mile northwest of the
intersection of Village Road, Navassa Road and Old
24

6.
7.
Fayetteville Road. The parcel extends from the south side of
Village Road. The Town has plans to construct a connector
road which would connect these two roads with a two lane road
along the eastern side of this tract of land. Three acres of
the parcel have been donated to the Leland Regional Library,
which will be constructed behind the existing Town Hall.
The Town Hall building is, as just noted, a renovated single
family structure which is approximately 1,000 square feet in
size. This building contains five rooms for office use by the
Mayor, Town Clerk, and by the Police Department. The public
meeting room was created by removing an existing wall and
combining two rooms into one large room which seats
approximately 30 citizens and the Town Council. This facility
should adequately meet the Town's public administration during
the short-term. However, if Town -provided services continue
to expand, additional administrative space may be required.
Library
Construction is expected to begin soon on the new Leland
Library which will be located on a three acre site behind the
Leland Town Hall. This site is a part of the Town's 15 acre
parcel and was donated to the library by the Town.
Approximately one acre of the site has been cleared for
construction of the proposed 4,000 square foot library
building. When completed, this.building will be able to house
12,000 books with a seating capacity of 66 persons. The
facility is designed in a manner which allows for easy
expansion as demand arises.
The new library will be a branch of the Brunswick County
Library System. In addition to state and county funding, this
new library is supported financially by monetary donations
from the Towns of Leland, Belville and Navassa, and many local
residents and businesses.
The existing library is 900 square feet, houses 3,000 books,
and has a seating capacity of 16. Many of the "new" books
will be moved from the main library in Southport. Currently,
there is one paid staff librarian at the existing facility.
Once completed, the new library should meet the area's needs
throughout the ten year planning period.
Solid Waste Disposal and Landfill Facilities
The majority of the citizens of Leland handle their own
household solid waste by taking it to one of the various
County dumpster sites in the area or to the area transfer
station. The dumpsters are maintained by Brunswick County and
are located at various sites along secondary roads in the
area. The transfer station is located on State Road 1524
25

S.
approximately one and one-half miles south of the Town limits.
The transfer station has a total of five bins, one with a
compactor, for depositing different types of solid waste.
The County landfill, located near Supply began operation in
\1983. The current landfill uses a natural earthen underliner
and receives approximately 55,000 tons of trash annually.
State law will require all landfills to use artificial liners
beginning in 1998. The landfill is approximately 60% filled,
but should have enough capacity remaining to last until the
mandatory, artificially lined landfill is constructed (by 1998
at the latest). The county is presently (April, 1991)
considering changing the location and/or providing additional
dumpster sites for the Leland area.
Road System
The road system in the Leland area is comprised mainly of
secondary roads and neighborhood streets (see Map 1). The
southern and western boundaries of the Town are defined by the
US 74-76 highway. Other major highways in the general area
include US 17 (which branches off US 74-76 at the Town's
southern most point), US 421 and NC 133.
US 74-76 is the most heavily traveled road in the Leland area
with 1990 average daily traffic count of 41,200 vehicles
between the Leland/Belville exit and the City of Wilmington.
The daily traffic volume west of this exit dropped to 26,000
vehicles (1990 data). Of these 26,000 vehicles, 13,000 took
US 74-76 toward the northwest, while 12,000 took US 17
Southwest (the remaining 1,000 vehicles were lost to secondary
routes such as SR 1551 and 1524). NC 133 running north and
south of the Leland/Belville exit carried 6,900 vehicles per
day in 1990.
The most recent data available for the smaller roads in the
Leland area is 1989 because traffic counts for secondary
routes are conducted only every two years. No traffic count
is available for Village Road (SR 1472) between the
Leland/Belville exit and the intersection with Navassa Road
(SR 1435); however, based upon the traffic counts leading into
this intersection (on Village Road, Navassa Road and Old
Fayetteville - SR 1437) there were approximately 15,100
vehicles per day in 1989, traveling on this section of Village
Road. The 1989 average daily traffic count for Village Road
(west of this intersection) was 7,000 vehicles. Likewise, Old
Fayetteville Highway had 4,000 vehicles and Navassa Road had
4,100 vehicles. The only other road within Leland's Town
limits with a recorded daily traffic count is SR 1451 with 160
vehicles.
Traffic on the main roads and highways in the Leland area is
W

quite heavy at the typical rush hours of 6:30 AM to 9:30 AM
and 3:30 PM to 6:30 PM. There are planned improvements to
several major highways in the area. US 74-76 is scheduled for
widening to four lanes all the way to Charlotte. US 17 is
scheduled for widening to four lanes from South Carolina to
Virginia. Nearby, NC 87 is scheduled for widening to four
lanes all the way to Fayetteville. These improvements are
included in the states'current Transportation Improvement
' Program (TIP), 1991-1997 and should increase the
attractiveness of the Leland/Wilmington area for
industrial/business growth.
The most important road project in the TIP is the construction
of the Wilmington/Leland bypass. However, the bypass, as
proposed, would have little or no effect on Leland.
The NCDOT has prepared a preliminary Thoroughfare Plan for
Leland. This plan, however, is still under discussion and not
yet adopted.
The Town has patched some potholes and is planning to build
its first street adjacent to the Town Hall/Library property
(see discussion under Item 6, Library). The Town has also
installed street lighting.
9. Schools
There are three schools in the greater Leland area, all of
which are maintained by Brunswick County. These three schools
are Lincoln Primary School, Leland Middle School and North
Brunswick High School. These three schools serve the entire
northeastern portion of Brunswick County.
Lincoln Primary School is located on SR 1455 about three miles
northwest of the town limits. The school was originally built
in 1978 with expansions built in 1984 and 1988. The most
recent expansion brought the design capacity of the school up
to 800 students. In the current school year (1990-91) the
school serves 756 students in kindergarten through third
grade. This represents 94.5% of the design capacity. The
school is staffed by 56 teachers, the principal and the
assistant principal.
This school should be sufficient to meet the area's immediate
needs. However, a 1984 study by the North Carolina Department
of Public Instruction's Division of School Planning stated
that each primary school should serve no more than 600
students. Anticipated population growth for school -age
persons in Leland's general area, may necessitate the
construction of a second primary school within the next five
to seven years.
27

10.
Leland Middle School is located on Old Fayetteville Highway
(SR 1437) about a half mile west of the western town limit (US
74-76). The school was built in 1980 to serve fourth through
eighth grades with a design capacity of 825 students. The
school is currently (school year 1990-91) serving 875 students
or 6.1% above capacity. The school is staffed by 58 teachers,
the principal and the assistant principal. These "extra"
students are being taught in three trailers located adjacent
to the school. The school will probably add four to six
classrooms within the next five years to meet the demand of an
expanding population and the existing overcrowding.
North Brunswick High School is located just inside the town
limits on Old Fayetteville Highway (SR 1437) about a half mile
east of the Leland Middle School. The school was built in
1972 to serve grades eight through twelve. Since 1980, the
high school has served only ninth through twelfth grades
because the eighth graders were moved to the Leland Middle
School. This action delayed the high school's need to expand
by allowing the natural increase of ninth through twelfth
graders to "replace" the displaced eighth graders before
imposing on the excess design capacity.
The school's design capacity is 650 students and the school is
currently (school year 1990-91) serving 585 students, or 90.0%
of capacity. The' school is staffed by 49 teachers, the
principal and the assistant principal. The school is
currently (school year 1990-91) using five trailers behind the
main building for classes, with a sixth trailer standing
vacant. These trailers are used for various purposes such as
driver's education, extended day school and in -school
suspension. The school's roof was replaced in 1990 due to
multiple leaks. The school should be adequate to meet the
area's needs for the near future, but will probably add
classrooms within the next five years. A new field house will
also be constructed within the next six years.
The school's Army Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC)
building was constructed in 1989. This building is
approximately 5,000 square feet and is located adjacent to the
ROTC firing range which was built in 1972. The new ROTC
classroom building is considered to be the most modern in the
southeastern United States. It contains two large classrooms,
two offices, restrooms and a large storage room.
Parks and Recreation
There are several parks and recreational facilities in the
greater Leland area although none is owned or maintained by
the Town nor located within its boundaries. The largest
facility is the Northwest Township District Park which is
located on US 74-76 near the Leland Industrial Park about
28

three miles past the western town limits. The park is owned
and maintained by Brunswick County and was opened in 1989.
The 35 acre park contains a football/soccer field, four tennis
courts, two basketball courts, two mini -soccer fields, a 300
' foot baseball/softball field and a 250 foot baseball/softball
field. The park also contains a children's playground, four
picnic shelters, a concession stand and public restrooms.
Most of the courts and fields are lit for evening use.
The Leland Community Park was opened in 1975 and is owned and
operated by Brunswick County. The park is located on SR 1432
near the Leland Post Office at the site of the Old Leland High
School. The 11-acre park has two 200 foot baseball/softball
fields (which are lit), a children's playground, three picnic
shelters, a concessions stand and public restrooms.
This park also contains two community buildings which were
originally part of the Old Leland High School which was built
around 1955. One of the two buildings is maintained by the
County and is' used as a community center for senior citizens.
This building contains a complete kitchen and tables for this
purpose. The building may also be used for public meetings.
■
The second building at this site is being remodeled by the
Brunswick County Fifth District Civic Association. The
building contains four large classrooms and one extra large
'
classroom. These rooms, or the whole building, can be rented
for meetings, receptions or other such uses.
'
There is one privately owned boat ramp within the town limits
of Leland.' This boat ramp is at the rear of a citizen's yard
and is accessible by the owner's driveway which is in very
poor condition. The ramp fee is one dollar. The ramp
accesses Sturgeon Creek at the Town's western boundary (on
Navassa Road). The owner said that the ramp can only be used
at high tide because there has been a lot of sedimentation in
'
the creek. The ramp drops off at a steep angle and has
several large potholes.
Brunswick County owns a five acre park, in the Town of Navassa
located on Park Avenue, which opened in 1986. The park
contains a lighted basketball court, a tennis court, a
baseball/softball field, and a children's playground. The
Town of Navassa also owns a seven acre site on Davis Creek
which it opened in 1990. The site contains an estuarine
access boat ramp, a waterfront boardwalk with a gazebo and
three acres of wetlands. Brunswick County also leases a five
acre site on SR 1430 in Phoenix from the Dupont Corporation
which contains a 280 foot baseball/softball field.
'
11. Fire Department
29

The Leland Volunteer Fire Department serves a large portion of
northeastern Brunswick County. The department receives
$13,500 annually from Brunswick County with additional
operational funds from the Town of Belville and area citizens.
The Town of Leland has contributed to the Fire Department each
year since becoming incorporated. The majority of these funds
are applied to the department's annual payment of its pumper
truck. The department is located on Village Road (SR 1472)
about one mile west of the town limits near the rescue squad.
The building was built around 1978 and is approximately 3,600
square feet with four bays for vehicles. The department also
has a 1,000 square feet training/meeting building adjacent to
the main building.
The department is staffed by 21 volunteers. Among these staff
members are one certified fire fighter, one emergency medical
technician (EMT - who is not with the rescue squad), and three
persons cert.ified with the Hurst rescue tool (the fire
department does not have a Hurst tool). Nearly all of the
uncertified members of the fire department are currently
(1991) participating in classes on fire fighting and should
become certified fire fighters within the next year.
The department has several vehicles for use in providing fire
protection to the area. The department's primary vehicle is
a 1,000 gallon 1990 International pumper truck. Brunswick
County provided $23,000 towards the purchase of this vehicle,
and the Town of Leland provided $12,000. The department's
back-up vehicle is a 900 gallon Ford pumper truck.
The department has a 700 gallon 1979 American La France pumper
truck which is used only as a standby vehicle because it needs
some mechanical work. The department has a 7,500 gallon 1969
International tanker truck which is in good working condition.
A 1971 Ford utility van, which is in good working condition,
is used to carry equipment on emergency calls. The fire
chief's car is a 1979 Chevy Impala and is in good working
condition. The department was also given an old Coke truck by
the local Coca-Cola company which the department would like to
fix up for use as a portable cascade to recharge air tanks.
This service is being provided by the Wilmington Fire
Department and the Dupont Corporation.
The department is in the process of applying for a lower
Insurance Services Offices (ISO) rating. The area's fire
rating is currently (April, 1991) a "nine", but the department
is hoping to reduce this rating to a "seven" or better, with
"one" being the highest rating on the ISO scale, the City of
Wilmington has an ISO rating of "three". In order to achieve
this goal, the department has updated and computerized its
30

R
records, purchased the new fire truck, overhauled one fire
truck, purchased new equipment, and mapped the area's water
lines and fire hydrants. The department is still working on
several items in order to meet the standard of an ISO rating
of "seven", such as repairing the outdoor siren.
The fire department has use of the Leland Sanitary District's
water lines and fire hydrants. Fire hydrants are located
along the roadways within that portion of the Leland fire
district which is served by the Leland Sanitation District.
Hydrants are located every 500 feet in residential areas and
every 1,000 feet in non-residential areas. Unfortunately,
about one half of the Leland fire district does not have water
lines and fire hydrants. The Northwest Community is the most
populated area which does not have hydrants, the fire
department must rely upon the water which it can carry to the
site in its tanker truck and pumpers.
The department has several needs such as having the 1979
American La France pumper repaired, rebuilding the outdoor
siren, purchasing some new fire protection gear and a Hurst
tool, and fixing the donated Coke truck for use as a cascade
for recharging air trucks at the scene of a fire. There is
also a need to purchase a new exhaust to be used to clean
smoke from structures. The department is also considering
connecting the two buildings together by building rooms for
bunk beds and shower facilities between the two existing
structures.
Proiected Demand
1. Population Forecasts
The future demand for public facilities, services, and land in
Leland is primarily contingent upon growth in the population.
As the population analysis showed, Leland's population is
expected to increase by 844 persons during the 1990's assuming
constant growth relative to Brunswick County's growth.
However, this does not count for possible annexations. The
growth would represent a 47% increase over the next nine
years.
At the current average household size, i.e., 2.65, 844
additional persons would mean an additional 318 households, or
dwelling units. Obviously 318 additional households would
exert some additional demands on land, community facilities,
and public services. Some of these are briefly discussed
below.
2. Land Use
If an "urbanizing" development density of 3.0 dwellings per
31

5.
acre is assumed for Leland, and the projected 318 additional
households dwelt in newly constructed units, then an
additional 106 acres of land would be required for residential
use. Providing this amount of land for residential use will
not pose any problem for Leland. As the existing Land Use Map
(Map 2), shows, there is a substantial number of vacant,
platted residential lots -- approximately 193 at the time of
the land use surveys. In addition, there are several large
tracts of vacant, but unplatted parcels. This amount of
vacant, undeveloped land in Leland is adequate to meet future
demands for residential, commercial, institutional,
recreational, and other uses.
Water
The Town of Leland receives centralized water service from the
Leland Sanitary District, which is currently operating
substantially under capacity. If it is assumed that the
average per capita water use is 110 gallons per day, then the
projected 844 additional residents by the year 2000 will
require an additional 92,840 gallons per day. The Leland
Sanitary District's capacity and expansion plans will be
adequate to meet this demand.
Sewer
Unless centralized sewer service is made available during the
period covered by this plan, the additional demand for sewage
disposal will be in the form of ground absorption systems,
i.e. septic tanks. The placement of additional septic tanks
due to the general soil conditions and requirements of the
Health Department, may become a limiting factor as far as
accommodating additional growth is concerned.
Other Facilities and Services
The growing population of Leland will also exert a significant
impact upon schools, police protection, solid waste disposal
services, and Town administration.
If the same percentage of school -age children (around 18%) is
applied to the projected 844 persons, then an additional 20%
school -age children may be anticipated over the next 10 years.
The Town employs one police officer in its Police Department.
However, over the next 10 years, additional law enforcement
personnel will need to be hired. The impact upon fire and
rescue protection services may not be as significant.
Solid waste disposal services, both collection and final
disposal will have increased demands due to the projected
population growth.
32

Finally, with a projected population by the year 2000, of
2,645 persons (excluding annexations), the Town's
administrative staff will likely need to be augmented. This
will be especially true if Leland does develop and adopt for
enforcement of its own local land use controls.

SECTION II: POLICY STATEMENTS
Preface
The formulation of specific policies regarding growth, development, and
management objectives is perhaps the most important part of any land use
plan -- especially those prepared under the State's Coastal Area
Management Act. Because of regulatory requirements and local
peculiarities, the policies often attempt to strike a delicate balance
between desires and objectives of local citizens, the local government,
and the objectives of CARA itself. Land development policies, which
should be based on analyses of existing conditions (including
consideration given to natural and man-made constraints) and projected
trends, are to serve as general guides for future desired development.
Under CARA, the overriding issue is that of growth management while
protecting coastal resources. The special resources within Leland were
identified in Section I of this plan. The policy statements contained
in this section addresses both growth management as well as protection,
and maintenance of these resources.
It is both interesting and important for the citizens of Leland to
understand the significance of local CAMA policy statements and how they
interact with the day-to-day activities of a local government. Three
areas are affected. To aid in that understanding, an explanation of
these three areas, excerpted from the 1990 Carteret County Land Use Plan
Update, is presented below, might be helpful:
1. CAMA minor and major permitting as required by N.C.G.S. - 113A-118
prior to undertaking any development in any area of environmental
concern.
2. Establishment of local planning policy.
3. Review of proposed projects requiring state or federal assistance
.or approval to determine consistency with local policies.
"For the issuance of CAMA permits within areas of environmental
concern, the state defines minimum acceptable use standards which
are defined by 15A NCAC 7H. A local unit of government must adopt
policies which are, at a minimum, equal to and consistent with the
state's minimum use standards. A local unit of government may
adopt policies which are more stringent than the minimum use
standards. For example, the state standards allow marinas to be
located within primary nursery areas if some minimum conditions are
met. A local government may adopt a policy stating that marinas
will not be permitted within primary nursery areas. If this were
to occur, a CAMA permit for marina construction in a primary
nursery area would not be issued (G.S. 113-A-120(a)(8). IT IS
CRUCIAL THAT A LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF ITS
POLICIES WITHIN AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN."
"The second area of land use plan application is that of
34

establishing policies to guide the jurisdiction's local planning.
This may apply both within areas of environmental concern where
CAMA regulations apply and in non-CAMA regulated areas of the Town.
Under North Carolina legislation, land use plans are not regulatory
controls. Non -LAMA -related recommendations must be implemented
with local land use ordinances such as zoning or subdivision
ordinances. If a land use plan recommends that the average
residential density should be three dwelling units per acre within
a particular area, then that density must be achieved through a
local zoning ordinance or other regulatory control. (This should
not be confused with the interaction of the land use plan with the
CAMA regulations and 15 NCAC 7H use standards).
"The final area of application is that of "Consistency Review."
Proposals and applications for state and federal assistance or
requests for agency approval of projects are normally reviewed
against a jurisdiction's land use plan to determine if the project
is consistent with local policies. Inconsistencies of a project
with local policies could serve as grounds for denial or revision
of a project. For example, an individual or agency may request
state or federal funding to construct a 30-unit low -to -moderate
income housing project. If the proposed location of the project is
within an area in which the land use plan states that the
residential density should not exceed two dwelling units per acre,
the project may be judged to be inconsistent with the local land
use plan." (Taken from Section IV-2-2, of Carteret County Land Use
Plan).
For this initial CAMA Land Use Plan, the Town of Leland employed several
means of soliciting meaningful citizen participation in developing
policies. The first step was the appointment of a Planning Committee as
the primary Citizen Liaison group. The next step was the development,
adoption, and implementation of a citizen's participation plan. The
participation plan included the development of a Survey Questionnaire,
which was mailed to all addresses receiving the Town of Leland's
Newsletter. Also, several advertised "public information" meetings were
held at different stages of the Planning Process to provide additional
citizens opportunities for meaningful input. Finally, the Planning
Committee held monthly meetings with the Consultant, all of which were
open to the public.
The Coastal Resources Commission, recognizing the diversities which
exist among the coastal communities, requires each locality to delineate
specific development policies under five broad categories, each with its
own subset of policy areas. Although policies developed under these
topics cover most of the local development issues, in some cases they do
not. In the latter case, the locality, i.e. The Town of Leland, has
flexibility to address its own locally defined issues. During the
planning process, several local issues specific to Leland, as a newly
incorporated municipality, were identified and are addressed in this
section. The five required topics, addressed in order in this section,
are:
35

-- Resource Protection
-- Resource Production and Management
-- Economic and Community Development
-- Continuing Public Participation
-- Storm Hazard Mitigation
Unlike communities preparing a Land Use Plan Update, this is Leland's
initial Plan and therefore, there were no previous policy statements to
review and assess. The foregoing policies were developed to provide a
general framework for guiding growth and development in Leland or a
Coastal Community, over the next five years, i.e., 1991-1996.
A. Resource Protection
1. Areas of Environmental Concern
The Town of Leland recognizes the primary concern of the
Coastal Resources Commission, in terms of protecting
resources, as managing Areas of Environmental Concerns (AECs).
Leland shares this concern for the protection and sound
management of these environmentally sensitive lands and
waters. The AECs which do occur in Leland's jurisdiction were
identified in Section I of this Plan on Pages 9 through 14,
all of which consist of Estuarine System AEC's. In respect to
developing policies, the Estuarine system AEC's, which include
Coastal Wetlands, Estuarine Waters, Estuarine Shorelines,
Public Trust Areas, and Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW's),
will be addressed together since they are so closely
interrelated. Note, however, that there are no ORW's within
Leland's jurisdiction. Another reason for grouping these AECs
together is the fact that the effective use of maps to detail
exact on -ground location of a particular area, as opposed to
actual on -site analysis, poses serious limitations.
As noted in Section I, the Estuarine System AECs in Leland
relate primarily to the Brunswick River, up to its
intersection with Sturgeon Creek, and adjacent land and
shoreline areas. Prior to setting forth policy statements, a
brief review of those areas might be helpful.
The location of Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shorelines
consist of the Brunswick River up to its intersection with
Sturgeon Creek, and the adjacent shoreline up to 75 feet
inland. There may be some coastal wetlands in the same
general areas. Finally, all of the Brunswick River and a
portion of Sturgeon Creek to their "navigable" limits are
Public Trust Waters.
Leland's overall policy and management objective for the
Estuarine System, consistent with the State "7-H" Standards,
is "to give the highest priority to the protection and
perpetuate their biological, social, economic, and aesthetic
36

values and to ensure that development occurring within these
AECs is compatible with natural characteristics so as to
minimize the likelihood of significant loss of private
property and public resources." (15A NCAC 7J. 0203) In
accordance with this overall objective, Leland will not permit
any land uses which do not conform to the general use
standards of the North Carolina Administrative Code (15A NCAC
7H), with the noted exceptions, for development within the
Estuarine System. Generally, those uses which are water
dependent will be emphasized. Specifically, each of the AECs
within the Estuarine System is discussed below.
a. Coastal Wetlands: Policies
By technical definition, the presence of "coastal
wetlands", i.e., regularly flooded salt marsh areas
containing certain plant species, is not as significant
in Leland as in some other coastal communities. Most of
what could be termed "wetlands" in the Town consists of
"wooded swamp" areas in the lowlands near Sturgeon Creek.
The more sensitive areas are those closest to the water.
Some of these could also contain areas that sustain
remnant species, and wildlife habitats. All of these are
important natural resources to Leland. However, the Town
does not believe that all land uses in these areas should
be prohibited.
(1) Policy Choices:
(a) The first priority of uses of land in these
areas should be the allowance of uses which
promote "conservation" of the sensitive areas,
with conservation meaning the lack of
imposition of irreversible damage to the
wetlands.
(b) Generally, uses which require water access and
water dependent uses such as utility
easements, fishing piers, docks, and bulkheads
will be allowed, but must adhere to use
standards of the Coastal Area Management Act
(CAMA: 15A NCAC 7H). Shoreline access
facilities such as boat ramps may also be
permitted.
I = b. Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shorelines: Policies
I , The importance of the estuarine waters and adjacent
estuarine shorelines in Leland was discussed in Section
I of this document on pages 9 through 14. Although
' solid, recent information on the existence of estuarine
erosion in Leland is not available, there exists the
37
1

possibility of such erosion along sections of the
shorelines of the Brunswick River. Leland is very much
aware that protection of estuarine waters and adjacent
estuarine shorelines is of paramount importance to
maintaining the delicate balance necessary for the
healthy proliferation of marine life and waterfowl. The
Town recognizes that certain actions within the estuarine
shoreline, again which is defined as the areas extending
75 feet landward of the mean high waterline of the
estuarine waters, could have a detrimental effect upon
the quality of the waters.
(1) Policy Choices:
In order to promote the quality of the estuarine
waters as well as minimize the likelihood of
significant property loss due to erosion or
flooding, Leland will permit only those uses which
are compatible with both the dynamic nature of the
estuarine shorelines and' the values of the
estuarine system and consistent with CARA and other
state and federal regulations. Residential,
recreational, and commercial uses may be permitted
within the estuarine shoreline, provided that:
(a) A substantial chance of pollution occurring '
from the development does not exist;
(b) Natural barriers to erosion are preserved and
not substantially weakened or eliminated; '
(c) The construction of impervious surfaces and
areas not allowing natural drainage is limited '
to that necessary for development;
(d) Standards of the North Carolina Sedimentation '
Pollution Control Act of 1978, and as amended
in 1990, are met;
(e) Development does not have a significant '
adverse impact on estuarine resources; and
(f) Development does not significantly interfere
with existing public rights or access to, use ,
of, navigable waters or public resources;
Leland recognizes that the Brunswick River is
affected by a rather large watershed basin. '
Storm water runoff, from various types of
development, whether urban or rural in nature,
can affect the water's quality. The Town '
believes that a detailed, comprehensive storm
water management policy needs to be developed
38 '

with water quality concerns in mind.
C. Public Trust Waters: Policies
Leland recognizes that the public has certain established
rights to certain land and water areas. These public
areas also support recreational fisheries, waterfowl
hunting, tourism, and also are of significant aesthetic
value. The presence of Leland's Public Trust waters may
well be a valuable untapped asset in helping to provide
additional recreation resources for the Town.
(1) Policy Choices
Leland will promote the conservation and management
of its public trust waters. Appropriate uses
'
generally include those allowed in estuarine
waters, i.e., which protect public rights for
navigation and recreation. Projects which would
directly or indirectly block or impair existing
navigation channels, increase shoreline erosion,
deposit spoils below mean high tide, cause adverse
water circulation patterns, violate water quality,
'
standards, or cause degradation of shellfish
waters, shall generally not be allowed. Allowable
uses shall be those which do not cause detriment to
'
the physical or biological functions of public
trust areas. Such uses as navigational channels,
drainage ditches, bulkheads to prevent erosion,
Piers or docks, shall be allowed, consistent with
State and Federal regulations, and other town
development policies.
'
d. Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW)
This is a new water classification related to the
Estuarine Shoreline AEC. ORW's are defined as being
unique and special surface waters that are of exceptional
state or national recreational or ecological significance
with exceptional water quality. There are no ORW's
'
within Leland's jurisdiction.
2. Constraints to Development
The constraints to development in -Leland were discussed in
Section I and relate to both physical constraints and
limitations of community facilities. The physical constraints
include possible man-made hazards, flood hazard areas,
estuarine erosion areas, soil limitations, natural resource
' fragile areas, and possible cultural resource fragile areas.
Each of these are briefly addressed again, below, with policy
statements on all of the constraints following the discussion:
39
11

a.
b.
C.
d.
Man -Made Hazards
There are no major man-made hazards in Leland as noted in
Section I. However, the Town believes that any existing
or future man-made hazard should be viewed very carefully
for safety hazards and compliance with local, state and
federal regulations.
Flood Hazard Areas
A significant amount of land in Leland, located primarily
adjacent to the Brunswick River and Sturgeon Creek is
located in the 100-year flood zone, according to County
maps prepared by the Federal Emergency Management
Administration. Some of this area has already been
developed, although the majority of it remains
undeveloped. The Town does not, at this time, enforce a
Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance which would require new
building construction to conform to special development
standards in flood hazard areas. Flood Damage
Provisions, however, are enforced on behalf of the Town
by Brunswick County under a contract arrangement.
Areas with Soil Limitations
Leland's planning area consists of several soil types
which have severe limitations for development, i.e.,
through septic tank placement or building foundations.
The limitations are due primarily to either wetness, poor
filtration, or ponding. At the same time, the Town does
not currently have a centralized sewer system. Most of
the land area, however, consists of soil types with
moderate to slight limitations for development.
Natural Resource Fragile Areas
There are no identified Natural Resource Fragile areas in
Leland's planning area, except for the AEC's which were
addressed in Section I, and the Primary Nursery Area on
the Brunswick River. There are no other identified
special Natural Resource Fragile Areas in Leland, such as
freshwater swamps or marshes, maritime forests, pocosins,
areas that sustain remnant species, unique geologic
formations, or special shellfishing waters.
Cultural Resource Fragile Areas
Although there have been no official documentations of
cultural resources in Leland, local residents have
expressed the need for a comprehensive survey of the
Town. Because of its location on the Brunswick River, it
is possible that the Leland area has hosted both
40

f.
prehistoric and historic settlements.
Policy Choices: Areas with Constraints
The following policies, regarding development in areas
with constraints, are adopted by the Town of Leland:
Leland will permit development to take place in
noted flood hazard areas, consistent with Brunswick
County's enforcement of the Flood Damage Prevention
Ordinance.
Residential and Commercial development may be
permitted in the estuarine shoreline areas,
consistent with policies on development for the
Estuarine Shorelines.
3. Leland believes that, in the absence of a
centralized sewer system, all new and existing
dwellings should have properly installed and
functioning septic tanks. This will help minimize
the likelihood of ground water pollution from
septic tanks. The Town will also continue to rely
on decisions rendered by the Brunswick County
Health Department regarding septic tank suitability
and distance from domestic water sources.
4. The Town will not encourage development in
locations with soil limitations for foundations.
Consistent with policies regarding development
within the Estuarine System, Leland also wants to
see the currently identified Brunswick River
Primary Nursery Area protected from undue
encroachment, damage, or pollution from direct
water run-off or .other causes. In the currently
undeveloped areas adjacent to the Primary Nursery
Area, i.e. Brunswick River, allowable development
densities and lot coverage should be kept low
(i.e., no more than two units per acre). Certain
non -water dependent uses such as commercial
development, may also be determined to be
inappropriate in these areas.
Because of the possible presence of archaeological
resources in previously undisturbed areas the Town
of Leland believes that all development plans in
such areas be carefully reviewed prior to approval.
Also, should any archaeological resources be
discovered, the State Division of Archives and
History should be contacted.
41

3.
7. Although Leland currently does not have a zoning
ordinance the Town believes that development
densities should be no higher than that currently
allowed by the County Health Department.
Hurricane and Flood Evacuation Needs and Plans
An entire section within the Policy Statement discussions
is included separately for hurricane and flood
evacuation, as well as storm mitigation and post -storm
redevelopment policies (see Part E. Storm Hazard
Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery and Evacuation Plans).
Other Resource Protection Policy Areas
There are some additional resource protection issues
which are required to be addressed by the CAMA planning
guidelines but which have less relevancy in Leland than
in some other coastal areas. These areas, along with
relevant policy discussion and statements are included
below:
a. Protection of Potable Water SUPPI
As discussed in Section I, Leland's centralized
water service comes from the Leland Sanitary
District, which in turn purchases water from the
Brunswick County Water System. The County draws
its water from the upstream area of the Cape Fear
River. The system is not based on groundwater.
Land uses near groundwater sources are regulated by
the North Carolina Division of Environmental
Management through N.C.A.C. Subchapter 2L and
Subchapter 2C. Leland recognizes the importance of
protecting its potable water supplies and therefore
supports the enforcement of these regulations.
b. Use of Package Treatment Plants
There is no public sewer service in Leland's
Planning jurisdiction, although there is one small
privately owned package treatment plant serving a
shopping center. It may become necessary to
develop additional small package treatment systems
in order to accommodate certain types of
development. This development may be residential,
commercial, or institutional. It is the policy of
Leland to allow such package plants where they are
deemed necessary and if they can be constructed
within the overall intent of this plan and meet
federal and state environmental regulations. In
the absence of centralized sewer, however, package
42

c.
�N
e.
f.
g-
treatment plants will be required for all new
commercial development.
Stormwater runoff mainly from urban development as
opposed to agricultural activities, could adversely
affect the quality of the estuarine waters within
Leland's jurisdiction.
The Town of Leland will, through its contract with
the County and through local regulations attempt to
see that development is sensitive to the problem of
water run-off. The Town will explore the need to
adopt locally, the State Sedimentation and Erosion
Control regulations.
Marina and Floating Home Development
The Town of Leland opposes the development of
marinas due to the potential of excessive or
irreversible damage to existing fragile or
environmentally sensitive areas and degradation to
its estuarine waters.
Industrial Impacts on Fragile Areas
Currently, no industrial uses within Leland appear
to have direct impact on noted fragile areas in the
Town. The section of this report entitled "Types
and Locations of Desired Industry", contains
specific policy statements on industry for Leland.
Drystacking Facilities
Drystacking facilities, like marinas, are viewed by
Leland as being potentially detrimental to the
sensitive marsh area, therefore, the Town does not
support the development of such facilities.
Restrictions Within Areas That Might Be Susceptible
to Sea Level Rise and Wetland Loss
Leland believes that this issue is not "solid"
enough to propose realistic policy statements at
this time, since it is one still being debated in
scientific circles.
Upland Excavation for Marina Basins
43

Leland recognizes the potential adverse
environmental effects of developing marinas and
boat basins in upland locations. The Town does not
consider such development preferable to waterfront
developments. Any proposals for marina development
are viewed as being environmentally unsuitable for
Leland.
i. Damage to Existing Marshes By Bulkhead Construction
The Town does not wish to see damage to existing
marshes from bulkhead construction.
Resource Protection Policies: Implementation Strateaies
a. The Town of Leland will seek to develop and enforce
its own local land use controls which regulate
development in all of its jurisdiction, including
the Resource Protection areas. Currently, the Town
does not enforce zoning, or subdivision
regulations. Building Inspections, sedimentation
and pollution control (state guidelines), and CAMA
minor permitting activities are currently
controlled through the Brunswick County Building
and Inspections Department.
b. The Town will cooperate with other permitting
agencies, including CARA, U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, and the Brunswick County Health
Department, to restrict and regulate development in
the coastal wetlands, estuarine waters and
shorelines, and public trust areas. Land uses in
these areas which are not consistent with the
regulations and/or state and federal environmental
protection regulations, will not be permitted.
C. The Town will, in FY 91-92, seek professional
planning assistance and develop both a Town of
Leland Zoning Ordinance and in FY 92-93, Town
Subdivision Regulations.
d. The Town has applied for funds through the FMHA and
will continue to explore means of developing a
centralized sewer system, perhaps jointly with the
Towns of Navassa and Belville, in order to minimize
the continual placement of septic tanks.
e. The Town will carefully review all development
proposals in order to assess possible adverse
impacts, upon any of its fragile resources. For
any proposed development in previously undisturbed
areas, the Town will request that the County
M

Building Inspector contact the N.C. Division of
Archives and History to assess the possibility of
the presence of special archaeological resources.
The Town will cooperate with the State to ensure
' protection of these valuable resources.
B. Resource Production and Management Policies
Care and appropriate management of productive resources is vitally
important to any of North Carolina's coastal communities. In most
localities, the productive resources are intricately connected to
the economic base. Activities such as agriculture, commercial and
'
recreational fisheries, commercial forestry, peat or phosphate
mining, and recreational uses of land are among the possible
resources to consider. Leland contains little of the traditional
productive resources. The primary "productive" resources requiring
policy attention within the Town's jurisdiction are commercial and
recreational fisheries, recreational uses of land and water,
including public access to the waters. Specific policy statements
'
in these areas are presented below:
1. Commercial and Recreational Fisheries
'
As discussed in Section I, all of the estuarine waters in
Leland's jurisdiction, i.e., The Brunswick River is classified
as C-SW and is rated as a primary nursery area. The Brunswick
'
River is important for aesthetics, recreation, the propagation
of fish and shellfish, and contributes both to recreational
and commercial fishing.
Policies
a.
'
1. The Town of Leland would like to diminish the
amount of urban and/or other run-off into the
Brunswick River which is the primary water body
within its jurisdiction.
'
2. The Town also generally supports the regulation of
land development within the Estuarine System which
'
includes the permit process administered by CAMA,
404 wetlands, regulated by the US Army Corp of
Engineers, and the County local development
ordinances which may affect the Town.
'
3. Because of the sensitivity of certain soils near
the productive water bodies, and the absence of
'
centralized sewer, Leland believes that density of
development and placement of septic tanks in these
areas should be carefully and strictly regulated
through local ordinances.
4. The Town believes that adequate public water access
45
1

2.
3.
to the Brunswick River and Sturgeon Creek for
recreational uses should be provided to property
owners and residents.
Recreational Lands and Public Access
As a waterfront access community, Leland recognizes both the
need for provision of parks and open space and adequate.public
access to the water, to serve a growing population. Leland
supports the CAMA Access Program and recognizes the need to
plan for recreational facilities (see P. 52, item 6).
a. Policies:
It shall be the general policy of Leland to attempt
to provide access to public trust waters through
development of parks and launching areas,
consistent with the need to protect the natural
resources.
Leland may, in the future, seek financial
assistance from state and federal sources to
support the development, and/or expansion of parks
and recreational facilities in appropriately -sited
locations.
Residential and Commercial Land Development
Leland, as the population and economic analysis showed, is
expected to experience moderate growth over the next 10 years.
The Town, being conscious of the need for consistent,
environmentally compatible land.use planning, provisions of
services, and improved community appearance, adopts the
following policies:
a. Policies:
1. The Town of Leland recognizes that in order to
accommodate growth, additional land for
residential, commercial, institutional, and other
purposes will need to be developed. As a general
policy, the Town believes that all new development
and/or redevelopment must be consistent with
existing policies on Resource Protection, Resource
Production and Management, and Economic and
Community Development. (Additional and more
detailed policies on types, densities, and
locations of development are contained in Part C of
this section, "Economic and Community
Development".)
2. Generally, the Town believes that development
Ch

should only take place when and where adequate
urban services, including water, sewer, and
transportation access, are available to support
that development.
'
4. Productive Agricultural Lands
According to the USDA Soil Conservation Service, there are two
areas of "prime" or "important" farmlands in Leland's
jurisdiction. However, there is no significant agricultural
activity occurring within the Town's planning area. The Town
will not, at this time, develop any policies on these lands,
'
since most are already developed with urban type uses.
5. Other Resource Production and Management Issues
'
There are several other Resource Production and Management
policy areas which are contained in the Land Use Planning
guidelines but which have little or no relevancy in Leland.
These include: commercial forest lands; existing and
potential mineral production areas; off -road vehicles; and
peat or phosphate mining's impact on any resource. These
'
areas are not included in the Town's policy discussion.
6. Resource Production and Management: Implementation Strategies
' a. Leland will seek to develop and enforce its own local
land use controls and regulations regarding location and
density of development. (See Implementation Strategies
' under Resource Protection) Meanwhile, the Town continues
to support permit decisions of related state and federal
regulatory agencies.
b. The Town may seek funds to expand both passive and active
park and recreational lands and public water access. The
Town may seek to obtain funds for recreational
development through application for funds through CAMA
and the Land and Water Conservation Fund programs. The
Town would also like to develop public boat launching
' facilities and parking facilities.
C. Economic and Community Development Policies
' 1. Community Attitude Toward Growth
The Town of Leland is expected to experience continued
' population growth during the next 10 years.
The Town of Leland recognizes that improperly managed growth
can actually harm or destroy the "appeal" which may attract
' new residents or businesses to the Town. Therefore, the
Town's overall attitude toward growth is expressed in the
47

following comments:
a. Generally, Leland believes in managing and directing the
,
Town's growth and development in balance with the
availability of municipal services.
,
b. The Town believes that population and growth guidance
should be based on: 1) the suitability of land to
accommodate the use; 2) the capacity of the environment;
3) the compatibility with goals and objectives of the
,
Town; 4) density in sensitive areas; and 5) the
availability of support facilities and services.
C. The Town intends to prepare for a moderate population
growth, projected to reach 2,645 permanent residents by
2000. Further, it is the Town's intent to protect the
community from adverse developments by taking the
'
following actions:
1. To institute continuous land use planning and
'
growth direction by developing and enforcing local
development ordinances, such as Zoning, and
subdivision controls.
,
2. To guide new development away from adversely
affecting Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs) and
other special and sensitive areas, as reflected in
'
policies for Resource Protection and Resource
Production and Management.
3. To direct new development in accordance with soil
,
capacity to accommodate water and sewer needs.
4. To guide new development away from hazardous areas
where there is a tendency toward septic tank
problems, flooding, or potential severe erosion.
5. To consider annexation proceedings in a timely
manner so as to guide growth in applicable areas
immediately adjacent to the Town.
6. To consider exercising the Town's right to extend
its Extraterritorial Jurisdiction (ETJ).
7. To approve new development within the Town's
jurisdiction only when and where adequate public
facilities and services to support it are available
including, water, sewer, and transportation access.
The above statements reflect the Town's general attitude
toward growth. Additional policy issues required by the CAMA
Guidelines along with locally recognized issues, are addressed
48

II
beginning below.
'
2. Types and Locations of Desired Industries
'
The Town currently does not contain any manufacturing industry
within its jurisdiction. At this time, Leland views
industrial development as being incompatible with the existing
character and capacity of the Town.
'
a. Types of Industries
'
Leland would prefer to see industries developed which
would be neither excessive consumers of water resources
or cause excessive discharge into its streams. In other
words, relatively "dry", low -pollution, light
manufacturing and/or assembly industries would be
preferable. Examples of industries which would be
considered unsuitable include: petroleum products,
'
slaughterhouses, and breweries.
b. Locations and Standards
The preferred location would be in the existing Leland
Industrial Park or other suitable sites in accordance
with a Town's Zoning Ordinance. The Town, in conjunction
' with the County, would like to develop an additional
industrial park or parks, according to the following
standards:
' (1) Provide an assessment of the impact of the
development of the industry and require the use of
the best available technology to avoid air or water
' pollution during construction or operation.
(2) Be located on land having stable, well -drained
' soils. The sites should be located in areas
adequately protected from flooding and be
accessible to existing public utilities and
transportation routes.
Leland, along with the County will provide, as much as is
locally and economically feasible, basic support services
■ such as water and sewer to suitable newly locating
industries.
3. Local Commitment to Providinq Services to Development
As a newly incorporated Town, Leland has yet to develop many
basic community services. However, the Town of Leland will
seek to provide appropriate municipal services to support
additional development. The provision of such basic services
as water, sewer, trash collection, police and fire protection,
49

4
I
etc., shall be based on the Town's financial capacity and/or
the economic feasibility of those services, and b) consistency '
with other stated development policies and land use
regulations.
Types of Urban Growth Patterns Desired ,
The Town of Leland while wishing to preserve and promote the
quiet, peaceful, low -density atmosphere of the Town, desires
to see a mixture of orderly urban land uses develop. The
primary urban land uses in Leland will be for residential
(housing), and commercial development. The Town also hopes to
be able to support highly specific policies on these areas as
addressed below, beginning with residential development
policies: ,
a. Housing
It shall be the policy of Leland to continue to encourage
the development of a variety of housing types to meet the
needs and desires of existing and future citizens through
the following:
1. To maintain areas exclusively for conventional
single-family dwellings for the growing population.
2. To provide an area for mobile homes to accommodate
permanent occupancy.
3. To monitor the needs for additional areas for one -
to -two story garden -type condominiums, patio homes,
and apartments for retirees, and/or other permanent
residents.
4. To develop through zoning, a height limitation for
residential, commercial, and institutional
structures.
5. To encourage new residential subdivisions to
provide lands for public recreation use, through a
Subdivision Ordinance.
b. Commercial_ Development
Generally, the Town wishes to enhance and promote quality
commercial development through the following:
1. To encourage businesses to locate in areas most
able to support commercial activity, mainly through
proper access.
2. To discourage strip development like that
50

experienced along Village Road by developing and
enforcing appropriate commercial zoning districts
to accommodate specific business types.
3. To encourage the formation of a local Chamber of
Commerce or Merchant's Association in Leland.
4. To develop standards for the control of landscaping
in commercial areas in order to improve aesthetics.
5. Redevelopment of Developed Areas
There are some older, developed areas within Leland's
jurisdiction. The Town encourages and supports redevelopment
of these areas for purposes of land use compatibility and
aesthetics. However, it is the Town's general policy that
redevelopment, like new development, be conducted according to
existing development guidelines as maybe reflected in future
Zoning, Subdivision, and/or Flood Damage Prevention
Ordinances. Some areas of the Town are also in need of some
revitalization, such as provided through small Cities
Community Development Block Grant programs. Leland intends to
pursue funding through this program.
Commitment to State and Federal Programs
There are a number of state and federal programs which are
important to Leland. Many, such as erosion control programs
of the USDA Soil Conservation Service, NCDOT road and bridge
maintenance, repair and replacement programs; CAMA Planning
and estuarine waterfront access development programs, etc.,
provide valuable direct benefits to the Town.
The Town of Leland will continue to support federal and state
programs which provide benefits and services to the Town and
its citizens.
■ 7. Assistance to Channel Maintenance and Beach Renourishment
' This issue is not directly relevant to Leland. The Corps of
Engineers does not normally dredge or maintain waterways
within the jurisdiction of the Town. However, Leland views
' maintenance activities along the nearby Intracoastal Waterway
in other needful areas of Brunswick County as favorable
activities.
' S. Energy Facilities Siting
Currently, the Town of Leland does not host any electric
' generating plants, oil refineries, or inshore exploration
facilities for gas or oil. Neither does the Town anticipate
the development of any of these facilities within this
51
11

9.
10.
11.
12.
planning period. However, should any proposals for such
energy facilities be presented, they will be reviewed.
a. The Town of Leland will not support the development of
any industrial use within the Town's boundaries,
including energy facilities, which could cause extensive
or irreversible damage to existing fragile or
environmentally sensitive areas.
b. The Town also opposes the development of energy
facilities which would substantially increase the amount
of man-made hazards within its jurisdiction, including
the storage and/or trans -shipment of crude oil.
Tourism
Travel and tourism could become significant to Leland and
contributes to the Town's economic base.
Leland generally supports the development and expansion
of travel and tourism facilities. However, all such
facilities must be consistent with policies on Resource
Protection and Resource Production and Management.
Estuarine Beach Access
The Town of Leland recognizes the importance of the public
having the right to "share" the access to the Public Trust
Waters, i.e., Ocean Beaches, the Brunswick River, and Sturgeon
Creek.
The Town of Leland will support the exploration, assessment
and development of estuarine access opportunities for the '
public to enjoy, in conjunction with its desire to build more
park facilities.
Types, Densities, and Locations of Residential Development '
Policies regarding these issues are covered in Items C. 3, 4,
5, in this section, i.e., Local Commitment to Provision of '
Services; Types of Urban Growth Patterns Desired; and,
Redevelopment of Developed Areas. Generally the Town supports
continued residential development and growth according to the '
availability of necessary basic support services to support
that development. A mixture of locations and densities should
be consistent with the proposed Zoning Ordinance currently
being drafted by the Town. However, along the waterfront, and ,
in other environmentally sensitive areas, densities shall be
kept low, i.e., not more than two units per acre.
ocal Community Development Issues
52 1

0
Some locally defined issues which are not necessarily required
by CAMA, but which are important to the Town have been
identified. These issues include the development of a sewer
system, a community building or civic center, encourage
commercial development, promote an industrial development
incubator, a thoroughfare plan (work in progress as of
September, 1991), the widening of Village Road, the cleaning
up of the Brunswick River and making the Brunswick River and
Sturgeon Creek navigable by raising the bridges over them
(i.e. US 74-76 bridge over the Brunswick River and the Navassa
Road Bridge over Sturgeon Creek).
13. Economic and Community Development: Implementation Strategies
The Town of Leland will develop and enforce local land use
regulations and controls as referenced in the policies for
Resource Protection and Production and Management.
Continuing Public Participation Plans
From the beginning of the 1991 Land Use Plan Update process, the
Town of Leland gave full recognition to the requirements contained
in the guidelines that the planning process be conducted in the
"Public Arena": A formal Public Participation Plan was developed
and adopted by.Town Board in December, 1990. The plan, along with
other supporting elements, are contained in Appendix I of this Land
Use Update. Some of the major elements in the Public Participation
Plan included:
1. The designation of a citizen Advisory Committee as the primary
citizen liaison group for the Town; proposing to conduct a
town -wide citizen's survey questionnaire. The Advisory
Committee (the Leland Planning Committee) met with the
Planning Consultant throughout the planning process.
2. A monthly meeting schedule was established in the.beginning,
i.e., every third Thursday (with special meetings as
required). This included several advertised public
information meetings, which were held on January 3, June 6,
August 20, and September 10, 1991. Prior to the meetings,
notices were published in the Wilmington Star -News.
The Town of Leland took steps to help inform, and educate its
citizens that the CAMA plan was indeed being developed. At the
beginning of the process, a news release was developed and
submitted to a newspaper which serves the area.
Meetings with the Planning Committee were held on the following
dates in 1991: March 11, April 8, April 29, May 20, July 23,
August 20, and September 17.
The most significant citizen participation effort was intended to
53

E.
be the Citizen Survey Questionnaire which was conducted by mail
based recipients of the Town's Newsletter. The initial response
was low (1.3%). And so, another smaller mail -out survey was
conducted. The second survey's results were useful in developing
final policy statements. The survey results are shown, with other '
details in Appendix I.
1. Polio Statements
It shall be the policy of the Town of Leland to continue to
promote responsible citizen participation in planning matters
through the following actions.
a. Prior advertising of Town Board and Planning Committee
meetings.
b. Continue to seek -out a broad cross-section of citizens to
serve on Town boards and committees as community
volunteers.
C. Continue to conduct periodic survey questionnaires.
d. Continue to hold open Town meetings.
e. Seek to develop a system for citizens to provide input
through elected and appointed officials.
Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery, and Evacuation
Plans
The purpose of this section of policies is to address issues and
concerns relating to the potentially damaging effects of hurricanes
or major coastal storms. Leland, although not an oceanfront
community, recognizes the potential threat that hurricanes or
tropical storms pose to the health and safety of its citizens.
Damage from high winds, flooding in low-lying areas, and to some
degree, erosion along some sections of the Brunswick River
shoreline, are some of the potential adverse effects which need to
be considered. These elements could affect human life, property
and/or infrastructure.
The Town of Leland supports the Brunswick County Hurricane Response
Plan and is included as part of that Plan. Additional information
on this plan is presented later in this section. Beginning below
is a brief discussion of how some elements of a major storm event
may affect Leland.
1. Effects of a Coastal Storm
a. High Winds
High winds are major determinants of a hurricane
54
By I

b.
c.
definition a hurricane is a tropical disturbance with
sustained winds of at least 73 miles per hour. Extreme
hurricanes can have winds up to 165 miles per hour, with
gusts of up to 200 miles per hour. These winds circulate
around the eye, or center, of the storm, generally, over
open water.
As the hurricane moves inland, although the friction or
impact of the winds striking land causes dissipation of
the full force, there is still a tremendous amount of
energy left. This intensified wind energy causes damage
to buildings, overturns mobile homes, fells trees and
power lines, and destroys crops. Tornadoes can often be
spawned by a hurricane's size and power. In the event of
a major storm moving across New Hanover or Brunswick
Counties, into the Leland vicinity, it is likely that all
of the Town would be subject to the same wind velocity.
Floodina
Flooding, on the other hand, may not affect all areas of
Leland with equal rigor. The excessive amounts of
rainfall and the storm surge which often accompany
hurricanes can cause massive coastal and riverine
flooding which could result in excessive property damage
and deaths by drowning. (More deaths are caused by
drowning than any other cause in hurricanes.) Flooding
is particularly a problem in oceanfront coastal areas
because of the storm surge in low-lying areas, especially
in designated V-zones. Leland, located upland, does not
contain any V-zone areas.
Leland, although located upland, could also be affected
by a storm -surge. The Eastern N.C. Hurricane Study
indicated that even under Level 1-2 conditions, severe
flooding could affect a large area of the Town. This
area extends primarily along Sturgeon Creek and the
Brunswick River and coincides to•some extent with the
Zone A 100-year flood plain. As the Composite Hazards
Map (See Map 7) shows, the high hazard flood area
encompasses a number of plotted lots. Some are vacant,
but many are already developed. In the event of a major
storm, these areas are the ones most susceptible to
damage from flooding.
Erosion
It is not likely that erosion would be a considerable
hazard in Leland in the event of a major storm. There is
a riverine shoreline area adjacent to the Brunswick River
which may be susceptible to some erosion within Leland's
jurisdiction. Marsh vegetation, which tends to lessen
55

2.
3.
I
the effects of erosion, is found all along this riverine
shoreline. This erosion would not be as serious a threat
to property as that of oceanfront coastal erosion.
Composite Hazards
Map 7, attached, shows the "Composite -Hazards" which must be
taken under consideration for Leland's jurisdiction. As noted
in the previous discussion, the entire area would be subject
to high winds. Flooding, on the other hand, would have a more
intense affect in those areas indicated as more susceptible by
the Corps of Engineers' Hurricane Evacuation Study and on
those low-lying areas identified as being in the 100-year
flood plain. The 100-year flood plain and additional areas
are shown on the composite hazards map as the "high hazard"
flood area. Also shown is an area which might be susceptible
to some erosion.
a. Land Use Inventory
A comparison of the existing land use map with the
composite hazards map indicates that as of the writing of
this report there are approximately 167 lots or parcels
either partially or completely located within the high
hazard flood area. Most of these lots are vacant with
some being developed for residential uses, and a few with
commercial establishments.
The area subject to potential minor erosion problems
consists mostly of vacant and developed residential lots
along the shoreline of the Brunswick River.
In terms of risk, more areas are subject to potential
flooding than problems from erosion.
Storm Hazard Mitigation Policies
In order to minimize the damage potentially caused by the
effects of a hurricane or other major storm, Leland proposes
the following policies.
a. Hiah Winds
Leland will continue to support and enforce the N.C.
State Building Code, (through its contract with Brunswick
County), particularly requirements of construction
standards to meet wind -resistive factors such as design
wind velocity. The Town also supports provisions in the
State Building Code requiring tie -downs for mobile homes,
which help resist wind damage.
b. Flooding
56

4.
Leland has not yet entered the regular phase of the
Federal Flood Insurance Program as a municipality.
Neither has the Town adopted its own Flood Damage
Prevention Ordinance. However, the Town does intend to
enter the program and adopt the model Flood Damage
Ordinance.
Leland is supportive of the hazard mitigation elements of
the National Flood Insurance Program as contained in the
model Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance. Leland hopes to
be a participant in the regular phase of the flood
insurance program in late 1993. The Town also supports
continued enforcement of the CAMA and 404 Wetlands
development processes in areas potentially susceptible to
flooding.
c. Wave Action and Shoreline Erosion
Leland supports the CAMA development permit process for
estuarine shoreline areas and the requisite development
standards which encourage facilitation of proper drainage
and construction.
Policy to Discourage Development in the Most Hazardous Areas
The major policy instruments relative to development in the
most hazardous areas, will be the Town's Zoning, and Flood
Damage Prevention Ordinances when they are adopted. Major
provisions of the flood ordinance will include the following:
a. restricting or prohibiting uses which are deemed
dangerous to health, safety, and/or property;
b. requiring that those uses vulnerable to flooding be
protected against flood damage at the time of initial
construction;
C. controlling all types of alternatives to natural flood
plains, stream channels, and other natural protective
barriers;
d. controlling those types of development which might
increase erosion; and
e. regulating the construction of flood barriers which will
unnaturally divert flood waters or which may increase
flood hazards to other lands.
The Brunswick County Building Inspector under contract with
the Town of Leland may administer this ordinance through a
permit process which may allow for special construction modes
for structures erected within a flood plain. For example, no
57

5.
6.
7.
I
mobile home shall -
coastal high hazard
park or mobile home
over -the -top ties ar
of 4,800 pounds).
)e placed in a designated floodway or
area, except in an existing mobile home
subdivision (with the latter requiring
i frame ties capable of carrying a force
Policy on Public Acquisition of Land in the Most Hazardous
Areas
It shall not be the policy of Leland to seek to acquire such
land which may currently be in the most hazardous areas.
Evacuation Plan and Policies
The Town of Leland is included in the Brunswick County
"Hurricane Evacuation Plan". The stated purpose of this Plan
is to provide for an orderly and coordinated evacuation of
endangered areas to minimize the effects of hurricanes on
residents and visitors in Brunswick County. The Plan provides
for the alerting of selected officials, the evacuation of the
public from danger areas, and the designation of shelters for
those evacuated. The North Brunswick High School, Lincoln
Primary School, and Leland Middle School are the designated
shelters for the Town and immediate vicinity. The Plan also
provides for reentry into evacuated areas when the threat to
health and safety has ended.
A major provision of the Plan includes the establishment of
two evacuation action groups: A. a control group (comprised
of elected officials from each municipality within the County
as well as the County Commissioners' Chairman) vested with the
responsibility of overseeing the evacuation operations. B.
a support croup (comprised of appointed County and municipal
employees) vested with the responsibility of providing
personnel and material resources for the implementation of
pre -planned action directed by the control group.
As a matter of policy, the Town of Leland will follow the
County's Plan. The Town believes that its other land use
policies regarding development in hazardous areas are
supportive of the recommended evacuation plans.
Post Disaster Reconstruction Plan and Policies
In the aftermath of a major storm Leland recognizes that the
reconstruction process occurs in four periods, which overlap,
yet follow each other in sequence after a disaster strikes.
These periods are as follows:
a. emergency period: the initial days or weeks after the �I
disaster when social and economic activities are most
seriously disrupted and attention focuses on the dead,
58

injured, missing, and homeless;
b. restoration period: the first weeks or month after the
disaster when attention focuses on debris removal and the
rapid repair of damaged utilities, housing, and
commercial structures; this period marks the transition
from the response phase to the recovery phase;
C. replacement reconstruction period: several weeks after
The disaster and possibly continuing for several years
with concentration placed on reconstruction of those
buildings and utilities which were damaged beyond repair;
and,
d.
reconstruction period: usually several years after the
disaster when attention is directed toward the
memorialization of the disaster improvement and/or to
enhance future growth. The actual amount of time it
takes to recover from a natural disaster depends
primarily upon the extent of damages incurred. During
the restoration period, the Town staff shall evaluate the
condition of damaged or destroyed public facilities and
submit a report to the Town Board. At that time,
consideration will be given to relocating any destroyed
facilities out of high risk damage areas. Such
relocation shall occur only when more satisfactory/lower
risk locations are both feasible and readily available.
For each of these periods, additional discussion and
policy implications are presented below:
Emergency Management Response To Immediate Cleanup
Public safety will be the primary concern during
the emergency period. Debris removal, securing
power lines, assessing water quality and opening
lines of transportation and communication are
actions to be taken by the County, EMC, FEMA, the
NCDOT, Division of Health Services, NC National
Guard, Civil Air Patrol, and local law enforcement
agencies. These agencies, along with assistance
from the Mayor and Town staff, will be responsible
for organizing volunteers and utilizing available
resources in cleanup activities.
2. Local Long Term Reconstruction Policies
In the long-term, Leland will redevelop after a
natural disaster consistent with then existing
local, state, and federal regulations. Immediately
following a natural disaster, during which
substantial physical damage was incurred, the Town
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of Leland Town Board will enact a post disaster
reconstruction moratorium. This moratorium will
remain in place until heavily damaged areas can be
cleared and mapped for more detailed review. At
that time the governing board will address each of ,
the following questions in considering the creation
of new policies:
should there be changes in land use densities,
locations, etc.?
are. modifications needed in the local building '
codes?
what kind of efforts and financial commitment
will it take to make the community more ,
effective and more attractive?
should there be any local compensation or ,
special financial assistance for private
property losses?
e. how should the necessary increased local
public expenditures be financed?
f. should normal or extraordinary decision -making
mechanisms be used to guide post -disaster
recovery?
The Town Board will establish a Recovery Task Force
to 'assist in overseeing the reconstruction process
and to recommend such policy changes. This Task
Force should be comprised of citizens, of varied
backgrounds, who are familiar with Leland and will
also serve as a Damage Assessment Team. Individual
members of the task force should be appointed by
the Town Board in the same manner as other advisory
board members, with special emphasis placed upon
obtaining a variety of expertise. The Task Force
will consist of no less than eight and no more than
fifteen members.
Guidelines for Post Disaster Revairs and
Reconstruction
a. Timing and Completion of Damage Estimates -
The preliminary damage assessment will be
completed by the Damage Assessment Team within
the first five days after the disaster. This
assessment will be submitted to the Town
Board. Damage survey reports will be
completed by the Damage Assessment Team (DAT)
M

4.
within three months of the disaster.
b. Timing and Completion of Temporary Development
Moratoria - The Town Board, upon receipt of
the DAT's damage assessment report, should
decide if damage was substantial enough to
warrant a temporary development moratorium.
If so, development will be suspended in
affected areas until redevelopment policy is
set (within 6 months).
C. Development Standards for Post Disaster -
Reconstruction shall follow set State Building
Codes and/or any other policies enacted by the
Town Board during the moratorium.
All such scheduling will depend upon the enactment
of a moratorium. Should such a moratorium not be
set, project applications and approvals shall take
place from the day following the initial disaster
to three months afterward. Project completion and
final inspections will take place from fifteen days
after the disaster through two years after.
5. Policy Implementation
The Town Board shall make all policy decisions
concerning Leland and with assistance from
Brunswick County, will be responsible for actual
implementation and compliance checks.
6. Policies for Repair and Replacement
During the restoration period (3-10 weeks) the
utility system* shall be repaired to an operational
level. During the reconstruction period, utility
' reconstruction and/or possible relocation, if
feasible and necessary, will be made.
' •*If at that time the Town of Leland owns and/or
manages any of its own public services, i.e. water
and sewer.
61

III. Land Classification
A. General
The land classification system provides a uniform way of
looking at how the planned use of land interacts with
environmentally sensitive areas and with the development of a
Town or County. It is not a strict regulatory device as is a
zoning ordinance or zoning map. It represents more of a tool
to help understand relationships between various land use
categories and how these relationships help shape local
policy.
Particular attention is focused on how intensely land is
utilized and the level of services required to support that
intensity. Land classifications are also useful in the
staging of services necessary to support development. The
regulations for the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) state:
The land classification system provides framework to be
used by local governments to identify the future use of
all lands. The designation of land classes allows the
local government to illustrate their policy statements as
to where and to what density they want growth to occur,
where they want to conserve natural and cultural
resources by guiding growth. (15A NCAC 7B. 0204)(b)
There are seven general land use classifications under CAMA:
Developed; Urban Transition; Limited Transition; Community;
Rural; Rural with Services; and Conservation. In applying the
land classification system, each local government should give
careful consideration to how, where and when certain types and
intensities of development will be either encouraged or
discouraged. A summary of the broad classification, as
contained in the CAMA rules Subchapter 7B is presented below:
Urban land uses and higher intensity uses which presently
require the traditional urban services should be directed
to lands classified developed. Areas developing or
anticipated to develop at urban densities which will
eventually require urban services should be directed to
lands classified transition. Low density development in
settlements which will not require sewer services should
be directed to areas classified as community.
Agriculture, forestry, mineral extraction and other
similar low intensity uses and very low density,
dispersed residential uses should be directed to lands
classified rural. Generally, public or private water or
sewer systems will not be provided in areas classified
rural as an incentive for intense development. (15A NCAC
7B .0204) (5)(A)
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The Rural Services Class is to provide for very low
' density land uses including residential use where limited
water services are provided in order to avert an existing
or projected health problem. (15A NCAC 7B .0204 (5)(A)
' The purpose of the Conservation Class is to provide for
the effective long term management and protection of
significant, limited, or irreplaceable areas. (15A NCAC
7B 0204(7)(A) Consequently, urban services (whether
public or private) should not be provided to those areas
as an incentive to stimulate more intense development.
Each of these classes that are applied to the area must
be represented on a Leland Classification Map.
The seven land classifications and the Leland Classification
I Map are therefore intended to serve as a visual reflection of
the policies previously stated in Section II. The map which
depicts these classifications should be as flexible as the
' policies that guide them. (See Map 8, Land Classification Map
attached)
The land classification system contained in this CAMA Land Use
Plan for the Town of Leland, has been developed as an aid to
guiding the growth and development of the Town. The land
classification discussion and map are presented as expressions
'
of the Town's desired future growth patterns, consistent with
existing and proposed land use controls. The classifications
shown on the map are of necessity, general in nature and
should be viewed as showing the general character of an area
rather than the specific use of individual lots. It is hoped
that local, State, and federal regulatory agencies will find
the adopted land classification map useful for providing the
following: 1) Consistency and coordination between local land
'
use policies and those of the State of North Carolina; 2) a
guide for public investment, by assisting local and State
government to know in advance the need for parks, schools,
'
highways, etc; 3) a general framework for budgeting and
planning for the construction of community facilities; and 4)
enabling the Town to "guide" growth and development to areas
best suited to service their vital implementation tool for the
'
identified community issues and policies found in the
Preceding Section II,(Policy Statements). Of the seven CAMA
Classifications, only two appear to be pertinent for the Town
'
of Leland. These two are, Urban Transition and Conservation.
Additional descriptions are provided below:
'
B. Urban Transition
Urban transition land is classified as those lands providing
for future intensive urban development within the ensuing ten
'
years on lands that are the most suitable and that will be
able to support intensive urban development,,and be provided
63

with the necessary public utilities and services to support
intensive urban development. They may also provide for ,
additional growth when additional lands in the developed class
are not available or when the remaining lands in the developed
class are severely limited for development. '
Lands classified transition may include:
1. Lands included in municipal extraterritorial planning
jurisdictions and areas being considered for annexation;
2. Predominate residential areas that are approaching ,
densities of three (3) units per acre, or have a majority
of lots smaller than 15,000 square feet and will be
provided with essential urban services; or
3. Lands contiguous with existing developed municipal areas. ,
Urban transition lands must further: ,
1. be served or be readily served by public water, sewer,
and other urban services; and
2. be generally free of severe physical limitations for
urban development.
The urban transition class should not include:
1. lands of high potential for agriculture, forestry, or
mineral extraction, or;
2. lands where urban development might result in major or
irreversible damage to important environmental,
scientific, or scenic values, or;
3. land where urban development might result in damage to
natural systems or processes of more than local concern;
4. lands where development will result in undue risk to life
or property from natural hazards or existing land uses;
and
5. lands that are designated as areas of environmental
concern (AEC).
It would appear that all of the land within Leland's current
jurisdiction, could be classified as Urban Transition,
excluding AEC's of course. Over the next 10 years, Leland
does anticipate having the basic urban services to support
development, i.e., water and sewer. The Town is currently
developing its initial zoning ordinance, which will regulate
all of the land within its mixture of land uses at various
64

C.
densities, subject to the provision of water and sewer. In
addition to zoning, Leland is also considering adopting
subdivision regulations and a building inspection program.
The Urban Transition Classification, allowing for a mixed but
compatible land use development pattern, is considered
appropriate for the majority of the land areas within the
Town.
Conservation
The final CAMA land use category, of relevance to Leland is
the Conservation Class. This class provides for effective
long-term management of significant, limited, or irreplaceable
resources. This classification should, at minimum, include
all of the.statutorily defined AEC's. Other areas within the
Town's jurisdiction with natural, cultural, recreational,
productive or scenic value, may also require similar effective
long-term management and might also be classified as
Conservation.
In Leland's jurisdiction, the environmentally sensitive areas
are identified as areas of environmental concern (which
included coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, estuarine
shorelines, and public trust waters). However, because of
many variables, making it difficult to locate all of these on
a small map, the complete "Conservation" class is not
graphically portrayed on the Land Classification Map.
The Conservation designation in Leland is not to be
misconstrued as an implication of non-use, but does imply a
need for careful and cautious management of any allowable use.
For example, within a conservation area, development may
already exist or there may already be additional high ground
areas which are suitable for development. In the latter case
development should be allowed to take place under carefully
managed conditions. The term preservation on the other hand
implies total restriction of all uses. Within lands
designated conservation, each proposal, -or application for any
development should be reviewed on a case by case basis.
Since, as stated previously; conservation does not imply
preservation, allowable uses in the Conservation Class,
consistent with State CAMA Standards, shall include:
Low density residential development if, and as, allowed
by the Brunswick County Health Department. Water and
sewer services will not be extended to a residential area
in a Conservation. Class, merely to stimulate additional
growth and development. It should be noted that within
the Town limits, it is anticipated that centralized water
and sewer service will likely be made available to some
AEC areas. On -site services, i.e., septic tanks, in the
65

D.
E.
absence of centralized sewer services, may also be
permitted if soils are suitable.
Water -oriented uses such as piers and docks, only if
consistent with Resource Protection and Production
Management policies and are shown not to cause detriment
to the estuarine waters or other Conservation areas. In
designated 404 Wetland areas, the Town of Leland will
accept the permitting decisions of the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers.
Necessary utility service lines, such as water, sewer,
electrical, natural gas, etc., will be permitted when it
is demonstrated that the ecological system of the
Conservation area will not be significantly altered. As
noted in Item 1 above, development of and/or extension of
necessary utilities and services will not be done merely
as a stimulus for additional growth and development, only
to the extent needed to meet an existing or expected
health problem or to serve existing development.
4. Roadways, when construction of roadways can be conducted
without significantly altering the ecological system, and
in compliance with existing federal, state, and local
regulations will be permitted.
Other Classifications
Other classifications contained in the CAMA Planning
Guidelines, but which are not relevant to Leland at this time
are Developed, Community, Rural, and Rural with Services.
Land Classification Summary '
The proposed general classification of land for varying levels
of intensity and provision of public services in Leland's
jurisdiction were presented in Parts A through F above. These
classifications relate directly to the policy statements
contained in Section II of the Plan. Additional information
on the relationship between the land classification system and '
policies will be presented in Section IV.
66 '

IV. Relationship --of Policies to Land Classification
As required by the Coastal Area Management Act, the land use plan
must relate the policies section to the Land Classification Map and
provide some indication as to which land uses are appropriate in
each class.
The proposed policies for Resource Protection, Resource Production
' and Management, and Economic and Community Development are
generally reflected in the proposed Land Classification system.
The proposed development densities, types, and locations, as well
as the need for basic support services were described in the
' preceding discussions of the Land Classification system. Only two
classifications are proposed for Leland: Urban Transition, and
Conservation.
There is no graphic depiction of the "Conservation" class, because
of the difficulty in pinpointing "on -the -ground" locations of
' conservation areas. However, the recommended allowable uses and
density issues for each classification are presented on Pages 59
through 64.
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67

V. Interaovernment Coordination
A. General
Throughout the development of this Plan, effort was made to
make the policies consistent and compatible with other local,
State and Federal requirements. Implementation of the Plan
will likewise follow the same intergovernmental concern.
A number of State, County, and Federal agencies were contacted
during the Plan development process. Contact was made with
representatives of the Brunswick County Planning Department in
order to discuss issues of mutual concern and to obtain
relevant base data. It is anticipated that this 1992 Plan
Update will serve as an "Interactive Document", with
information and policies useful not only for Leland, but for
Brunswick County.
68

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APPENDIX I
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN AND
RESULTS OF
CITIZEN SUIR -!

TOWN OF LELAND, N.C.
Initial CANA Land Use Plan
Public Participation Plan
Subchapter 7B of the N.C. Administration Code, CARA Land Use
Planning Guidelines, requires that the planning process be conducted in
the public arena. It is therefore the responsibility of the local
government to involve, inform and educate a broad cross-section of the
population. There should be a continuous structure in place which both
reaches out and invites diversified segments of the community to
participate within its jurisdictional boundaries.
The Town of Leland is aware of this responsibility and will seek to
carry out this obligation throughout the development of its CAMA Land
Use Plan. The following steps will be taken in order to provide
information to the public and to maintain citizen involvement throughout
the process:
1. Designation of Citizen Advisory Board
The Town of Leland's governing body will designate a
group of citizens•, who represent a cross-section of the
community, to serve in a review and advisory capacity to the
Planning Consultant. This citizen's group will be in place
throughout the Plan development process and will meet on a
regular basis with the consultant to review draft material,
help clarify local planning issues, and provide general input.
The citizen advisory body may consist of members of the Leland
Town Board, and/or others appointed by the Town Board.
2. Initial Public Information Meetina
The Citizens Advisory Body, along with the Planning
Consultant, will conduct a publicly advertised "Public
Information Meeting" during the initial stages of the planning
process. The purpose of this meeting (which is not a formal
public hearing), will be primarily education. The public will
receive an overall explanation of the purpose and use of the
State -required CARA Land Use Plan, and be informed of
additional opportunities for citizen involvement. This
meeting will be scheduled for January 1991. Also, notice of
the meeting will be advertised through the local media, e.g.
The Wilmington Star -News, and radio and television public
service announcements.
3. Newspaper Releases
At the beginning of the planning process, contact will be
made with The Wilmington Star -News, and a press release will
be submitted. It is hoped that the press release will lead to
a news or feature story to be published in the local

newspaper.
Also, throughout the entire planning process, especially
prior to the public information meeting(s), periodic releases
will be developed as the planning data base is developed.
4. Citizens Survey
In addition to the above public participation efforts,
the Town of Leland along with the Planning Consultant, will
conduct a random sample survey using a questionnaire type
format. A number of questions will be developed seeking
direct citizen's input on land development, environmental,
economic, and public facilities issues. The survey instrument
will be developed with input from the Citizen's Advisory Board
(or Town Board, whichever is so designated).
The input from the survey results will be useful in
developing growth management policies to be contained in the
Town's CAMA Land Use Plan. The size and sampling methodology
will be decided upon by the Citizen's Advisory Board.
5. Monthly Meetings with Advisory Board
It is anticipated that the Planning Consultant will meet
at least monthly with the Advisory Board. These meetings will
be open to the public, with adequate notices to be published
prior to each meeting. These meetings will be conducted from
January through September 1991, for a total of nine meetings.
6. Second Public Information Meeting
After the initial draft of the land use plan has been
completed, including development of policy statements and
proposed land classifications, a second public information
meeting will be conducted. Again, this will not be a formal
public hearing, but another opportunity for citizens to
comment on the preliminary land use plan. This meeting
should be conducted in September 1991, prior to submission of
the preliminary plan to the Coastal Resources Commission.
Notices of this meeting will be advertised through the local
media as is proposed for the Initial Public Information
meeting.
All of the above activities should provide substantial
opportunities for the Town of Leland to inform, educate, and involve a
broad cross-section of citizens in the development of it's initial CAMA
Land Use Plan. This Public Participation Plan is hereby adopted by the
Town of Leland Board.

NOTICE
OF PUBLIC INFORMATION
MEETING
TOWN OF LELAND
CAMA LAND USE PLAN
January 3, 1991
The Town of Leland Town Board will conduct a public informa-
tion meeting on Thursday, January 3,1991 at 7pm, at the Leland
Town Hall Building.
The purpose of the meeting is to discuss the development of the
Town's first Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) Land
Use Plan. The Town has already initiated this planning process,
which will be explained to citizens in more detail at the meeting.
All citizens are urged to attend. For additional information,
contact the Town Hall during normal business hours, at (919)
371-6479

(Survey #1)
LELAND CAMA LAND USE PLAN
CITIZEN SURVEY RESULTS
Ken Weeden & Associates, Planning Consultants, June 6, 1991
I. Introduction:
The March issue of the Town of Leland's newsletter, i.e.,
the Leland News, contained a 2-page questionnaire soliciting
input from citizens on a number of issues facing the Town. The
survey forms in the newsletter were mailed to the entire
Newsletter mailing list of 4,300 addresses. Obviously, this
includes a number of addresses technically outside of the Town's
city limits. All of the forms were due to be returned by April
6, 1991.
Of the 4,300 forms mailed out with the Newsletter, only 54
' were returned. This response rate of 1.3% was somewhat less than
expected, but still provides some useful implications concerning
"planning directions" for the Town.
The information provided below represents a summary of the
survey results. A complete, detailed analysis is available for
public review at the Town Hall, during normal office hours.
II. Summary Results:
1. Of the total 54 respondents, 22 or 40.7%, lived within the
Town limits, while 32, (59.3%) lived outside of the Town
limits.
' 2. When asked what are the major issues that Leland, as a new
town needs to address, the top nine responses, in order of
"first place" rank, were:
a.
b.
C.
d.
e.
f.
g•
h.
i.
Zoning, Land Use Controls (74%)
Sewer (59%)
Housing, Mobile Homes, Senior
Police (37%)
Roads, Traffic, Transportation
Water (24%)
Clean-up Beautification (22%)
Fire and Rescue (paid) (14.8%)
Garbage Pick-up (9.3%)
Citizens Housing (43%)
(33%)
3. Over half, i.e. 55.6% of those responding said they felt that
multi -family developments or condominiums were appropriate
for Leland.
4. Nearly 80% of all respondents 'expressed a belief that Leland
should regulate mobile homes in the Town.
5. Many of the respondents expressed concern over the Town's
economic future -- 83% said that Leland should actively
recruit industrial development, and 54% said the Town should
work to attract Tourism or tourism -support businesses.

(Survey M1)
6. Concerning the Town's provision of public municipal services,
the areas receiving the most numerous responses were: a)
trash collection; b) sewer; c) police; d) street lights; e)
street repair, and f) rescue squad. Also, respondents felt
the Town should lend support to a) schools; b) Senior
Citizen's programs, and c) Parks and Recreation facilities.
7. The majority of respondents (60%) felt the Town should annex
those qualified areas adjacent to Leland.
a. When asked what would be the most critical problems the Town
could expect to face over the next 10 years, there was a
broad range of responses. The more frequent responses
included the following: a) traffic and roads; b) planning
and controlling growth; c) affordable/adequate housing; d)
crime; e) clean-up and appearance, and f) garbage and waste
collection.
9. Finally, nearly two-thirds of all respondents (65%) said they
would be willing to pay higher taxes in order to help provide
more local services.

' Town of Leland
CAMA t'and Use Survey #2
Summary: September 17, 1991
' Introduction:
In early Spring, 1991, the Town of Leland attempted to conduct its
first citizen's survey questionnaire. A total of 4,300 forms were
mailed as part of the Town's Newsletter. However, the response rate
was very low -- only 1.3% (54 returned).
In late ' July, 1991, a revised, shortened version of the land use questionnaire, containing only five questions, was developed. This
second survey was mailed along with a letter signed by the Mayor, to
the "Mayor's Advisory Committee". A total of M survey forms were
mailed, and 40 responses were received for a response rate of 12.2% --
significantly better than the 1.3% rate of return for the first
survey.
A summary of the second survey results is presented below (A summary
sheet is attached):
1. When asked, what are the major issues that Leland ,as a new
Town, needs to address, out of the nine issues listed, the
ones receiving the most response, in order, were: 1) Roads &
Traffi.; 2) Police; 3) Zoning/Land Use Controls; 4)
Beautification; 5)* Garbage Pick-up; 6) Housing/Mobile
home/Senior citizens housing; 7) Fire and Rescue (paid); 8)
Housing; 9) Water, and 10) Sewer.
2. Concerning the types of development Leland should seek to
attract, the rankings were: 1) Commercial; 2) Industrial;
3) Residential; 4) None, developed enough already; and 5)
Tourism.
3. Respondents were asked to list the municipal services they
thought the Town should provide, in order of importance to
them. In order, the six top concerns were: 1) Police; 2)
Sewer; 3) Garbage Pick-up; 4) Roads; 5) Streetlights; and
6) Zoning/Fire & Rescue (tie).
4. On the question of being willing to raise the Town's tax rate
in order to provide more services, the majority (21 or 52.5%)
said Imo, while 19 (47.5%) said Yes.
5. "Do you think Leland should complete the annexation of the Old
Leland Area?" Yes = 28 (70%1; No = 11 (27.5$1.

MAYOR'S ADVISORY NO. 1
July 1991
* Summary Analysis
(Please answer asfully as you can)
1. What are the major issues that Leland, as a new town,
needs to address? Rank in order of importance ( 1 being
most important):
A Zoning/Land-use controls
Fire and Rescue (paid)
r Beautification (Eyesore cleanup)
6 Housing/Mobile Home/Senior Citizens Housing
1 Roads/Traffic/Transportation
6 Police
6 Housing
6 Water
S Garbage pickup
10 (Other) Sewer
2. What types of development, if any, should Leland seek
to attract? / / Industrial / / Commercial / / Tourism
3rd 4th
Residential only / / None - already developed enough
3. What municipal services do you think Leland should
provide? Rank in order of importance to you (1 being most
important):
(1)
Police
( 4 ) Roads
( 2 )
Sewer
( 5 )
Street Lights
(3)
Garbage Pickup
(6)
Zoning/Fire-Rescue (tie)
4. Are you willing to raise Leland's .OS per $1OO property
tax rate in order to provide more local services?
/ / 9/Yes Z / /21/N2o7. .5
S. Do you think Leland should complete the annexation of
the *Old Leland' area?
28/70% 11/27.5%
Yes / / No (1-No Answer)
(OVER PLEASE)
* Based on 328 surveys, 12 returned, for a 12.2% response rate.

— —)Nov. x
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LTN-MARIE NAVASSA TOWN-
StJ L IMITS,
LIMITS ••
31
l.
1, It
MAP 2
Town of Leland, North Carolina
Existing Land Uses
1991
LAND USE
1-�--TOWN LIMIT '�q-LELAND IOWN LIN
PARCEL OUTLINE
CREEK LELAND TOWN 0
LOT NUMBER LIMITS
t CHURCH
RESIDENTIAL (S.F.)
RESIDENTIAL (M.F. and M.N.) LIM S
COMMERCIA8ELVILLE TOWN
L
75 OFnCE/INSTMMNAL
INDUSTRIAL SECTION"
OPEN SPA" %
f
'0
m
TOM LIMITS
LELAND TOWN
LIMITS \
3l
-BELVILLE TOM
LELAND_
BRUNSWICK CO. PLANNING DEPT
DRAWN BY I APPROVED BY -
DATE - JANt I
TOWNSHIP - NORTHWESVTDAINCREESHEET-1 OF I
DRAWING NUMBER: T-005