Land Use Plan Update-1994

1994 TOWN OF KITTY HAWK
NORTH CAROLINA
LAND USE PLAN
UPDATE
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Division of Coastal Management

1994
TOWN OF KITTY HAWK, NORTH CAROLINA
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
APPROVED BY TOWN COUNCIL:
May 1, 1995
CERTIFIED BY COASTAL RESOURCES COMMISSION:
July 28, 1995
Town Council
Clifton G. Perry, Mayor D. Paul Pruitt, Mayor Pro Tempore
Leo E. Antonucci Carl L. Parrott Kenneth D. Hollowell
Planning Board
Joseph Smith, Chairman Ward McCreedy, Vice -Chairman
Ervin Bateman Glenn Beacham Barbara Olds
David Pruitt, Alternate
Staff
Robert Nicholl, Town Manager Richard Reid, Town Planner
John Gaw, Town Attorney Betty Moore, Recording Secretary
Consultants
William C. Overman Associates, P.C.
380 Cleveland Place
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
William R. Turner, Jr. AICP
Certified As Planner -In -Charge By The
North Carolina Division of Coastal Management
The preparation of this document was financed in part through a grant provided
by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by
the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by
the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.

This Update is the culmination of the coordinated efforts of the
Planning Board, selected consultants and the Town Planner to direct the
continued development of Kitty Hawk in accordance with the wishes of its
citizens. It implements policies to answer basic questions about Kitty Hawk,
such as:
WHAT IS KITTY HAWK?
Kitty Hawk is a cottage community:
• rich in history and tradition
• tranquil and environmentally attuned
• portraying a unique mixture of resort beach and traditional Outer Banks
village
• characterized by low to medium density, single family residential
development with commercial establishments serving its residents and
seasonal visitors
• wherein development remains on a human scale and is in harmony with
nature
• possessing undisturbed natural areas such as Kitty Hawk Woods, a vast
maritime forest
• whose special atmosphere comes from a combination of natural beauty and
small-scale development
• whose major tourist attractions include the Atlantic Ocean and the
waters of the Currituck Sound and Kitty Hawk Bay
• set apart by the fact that it has clearly expressed a preference for
being a family oriented beach community
• which neither encourages nor permits high rise apartments, condominiums,
time shares, urban density, intense waterfront development, carnivals,
amusement parks, or racetracks
• intent upon remaining a low density family oriented community, a year-
round community, a retirement community, a traditional coastal village
community, and a resort -tourist community in harmony with the natural
environment

I
William C. Overman Associates, PC. Engineers . Planners
September 27, 1995
The Honorable Clifton G. Perry,
Mayor
' Town of Kitty Hawk,North Carolina
101 Veteran's Memorial Drive
' Post Office Box 549
Kitty Hawk, North Carolina 27949
Dear Mayor Perry:
We take pleasure
in presenting the
1994 Town of Kitty Hawk,North Carolina
Land Use Plan Update.
The 1994 Update,
its maps, and appendices, reflect the
attention to detail and
the forethought
evident throughout this project. This
document reflects the
diligent efforts
of the Town's elected and appointed
leadership and capable
staff. It will
serve Kitty Hawk for many years as a
'
guide to land use and
development.
We appreciate our continuing working relationship with the Town of Kitty
' Hawk. We stand ready to assist you as you work toward implementation of the
policies contained in this document.
' Very truly yours,
WILLIAM C. OV AN ASSOCIATES, P.C.
By
' i am er, Jr A.I.C.P.
Planner -In- rge
' WRT:kla
�7
' 380 Cleveland Place • Virginia Beach, VA 23462-6529 U.S.A.
Telephones: [phone] • [phone]
tTelecopier: [phone]

1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
' The Town Council and Planning Board wish to express their gratitude to all the
people who gave of their time and talent to make this Update a success.
Special thanks to former Planning Board members Mr. William Snovell and Mrs.
' Marie Cunningham for their contributions to this effort and to land use
planning generally in Kitty Hawk. Thanks also to Mr. Stephen R. Gabriel of
' the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources,
Division of Coastal Management, for his overall assistance, and to Mrs. Carol
Lyons, in her capacities as President of the Kitty Hawk Citizens Association
and as a member of the ad hoc editing group for this Update.

TOWN OF KITTY HAWK, NORTH CAROLINA
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
Letter of Transmittal
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents ......................................... i
List of Tables ............................................ vi
List of Exhibits ........................................... vi
Listof Maps ............................................ vi
List of Appendices ......................................... vi
Executive Summary ........................................ vii
I. THE PLANNING PROCESS ............................... 1
A. North Carolina Land Use Planning ......................... 1
B. The Kitty Hawk Experience ............................. 1
II. ABOUT KITTY HAWK .................................. 3
A. Information Base ............................ ....... 3
1. Introduction ....................................
2. Analysis Of Land se Plan Kitty Hawk North Carolina 1989 ......
a. Policies Selected And Implementation Analysis As Of 1994 .....
b. Comparison Of Current Policies To Policies Of Adjoining
Towns....................................
c. Improvements Anticipated In 1994 Town of Kitty Hawk.
North Carolina Land Use Plan Update ................ .
B. Kitty Hawk Today ...................................
1. Introduction ....................................
2. People .......................................
3. Land Use ......................................
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3
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4.
Utilities And Services ...............................
9
5.
Transportation System ..............................
11
6.
Housing And Accommodations .........................
11
7.
Plans, Studies, And Regulations ........................
12
a. Introduction .................................
12
b. Land Use Plan Kitty Hawk North Carolina 1989 ...........
12
c. Soil Survey of Dare County. North Carolina (1992) .........
12
d. Kitty Hawk Town Code, Chapter 20, Zoning .............
13
e. Ordinance No. 91-14, Signs ........................
14
f. Planned Unit Development ........................
14
g. Kitty Hawk Town Code, Chapter 19, Subdivisions ..........
15
h. Kitty Hawk Town Code, Chapter 16, Soil Erosion and
Sedimentation Control ..........................
15
i. Kitty Hawk Town Code, Chapter 8, Flood Damage Prevention ..
16
j. Kitty Hawk Town Code, Chapter 7, Environmental Control ....
16
8.
Land Suitability Constraints ...........................
17
a. Introduction .................................
18
b. Physical Limitations ............................
18
(1) Man -Made Hazards ..........................
18
(2) Natural Hazards ............................
18
(3) Water Supply ..............................
19
(4) Areas Where Predominant Slope Exceeds Twelve Percent ...
19
(5) Areas With Soil Limitations .....................
19
c. Areas of Environmental Concern And Fragile Areas .........
22
d. Areas With Resource Potential .......................
25
9.
Carrying Capacity Analysis ...........:...............
25
a. Introduction .................................
25
b. Carrying Capacity Scenario .......................
26
c. Water and Sewer Service Areas .....................
28
d. Design Capacity and Utilization of Community Facilities ......
29
e. Build Out Considerations .........................
30
10.
Economy .....................................
30
C. Kitty Hawk Tomorrow ................................ 31
1. Introduction ............ 31
2. People ....................................... 31
3. Land Need ..................................... 31
4. Utilities And Services .............................. 32
5. Transportation System .............................. 32
6. Housing And Accommodations ......................... 32
7. Economy ...................................... 32
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' III. LAND USE ISSUES, BACKGROUND, POLICIES, AND STRATEGIES FOR AND
TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION ........................... 33
' A. Introduction ........................................ 33
1 B. Resource Protection Issues ............................... 34
1. Septic Tank Use .................................. 34
2. Areas Of Environmental Concern (AEC) ................... 36
3. Hazardous Or Fragile Areas ,37
a. Freshwater Swamps And Marshes ..................... 37
b. Maritime Forests ......•••••..•.•.•..•..•••••..•
37
c. Pocosins And 404 Wetlands
37
4.
Package Treatment Plants ............................
39
5.
Stormwater Runoff And Its Impact OnCoastalWetlands, Surface Waters,
Or Other Fragile Areas • • .
40
6.
Marinas, Floating Homes, And Dry Stack Storage Facilities .......
41
7.
Industrial Impact On Fragile Areas .......................
41
8.
Restriction Of Development Within Areas Up To Five Feet Above Mean
High Water That Might Be Susceptible To Sea Level Rise And Wetland
'
Loss....................
42
9.
Upland Excavation For Marina Basins .....................
42
10.
Estuarine Bulkhead Installation ..........................
43
11.
Ocean Outfall ...................... ............
43
C. Resource Management Issues ............................. 44
1 1. Existing And Potential Mineral Production Areas .............. 44
2. Commercial And Recreational Fisheries; Shellfishing Waters; and,
fNursery And Habitat Areas ........................... 44
3. Off -Road Vehicles and Driving on Beaches .................. 45
4. Kitty Hawk Woods Conservation Easement .................. 45
' D. Economic and Community Development ment Issues .................. 46
'
1.
Types And Locations Of Industries Desired ..................
46
2.
Local Commitment To Providing Services To Development ........
47
3.
4.
Types Of Urban Growth Patterns Desired ...................
Redevelopment Of Developed Areas •
47
48
'
5.
6.
7.
Commitment To State And Federal Programs .................
Channel Maintenance And Beach Nourishment ................
Energy Facility Siting And Development ....................
49
49
50
8.
a. Electric Generating Plants ..........................
b. Inshore and Outer Continental Shelf Exploration ............
Tourism •
50
50
51
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9.
Coastal And Estuarine Water Beach Access ..................
51
10.
Types, Densities, Location, and Units Per Acre Of
Anticipated Residential Development And Services
Necessary To Support Such Development ..................
52
11.
Existing Tax Base and Employment Opportunities ..............
53
12.
Special Tax Districts ................................
53
13.
Menhaden Boats ..................................
54
14.
Signs .........................................
54
15.
Community Appearance .............................
55
16.
Litter Control And Removal ..........................
56
17.
Recreational Facilities ..............................
57
18.
Public Safety ...................................
57
19.
Education .....................................
59
20.
Consolidation ...................................
60
21.
Electrical Facilities ................................
60
22.
Cable Television Facilities ...........................
61
23.
Public Water Facilities ..............................
61
24.
Public Sewer Facilities .............................
62
25.
Transportation System ...............................
62
a. Widening of U.S. 158 ...........................
62
b. Thoroughfare Plan .............................
62
c. Vehicular Movement ............................
63
d. Pedestrian Movement ............................
63
e. Bicycle Trails ................................
63
f. Maintenance ..................................
63
g. Beach Road/Lindbergh Avenue .........................
63
26.
Horseback Riding ..................................
65
27.
Landfill Siting ....................................
66
28.
Multi -Use Center .................................
67
29.
Adult Entertainment ................................
68
30.
Uses Of and Activities In and On Ocean and Sound Waters ........
68
31.
Point Source Wastewater Discharge ......................
69
32.
Cultural or Historical Resources ........................
70
E. Citizen Participation ................................... 71
F. Natural Hazards ..................................... 72
1. Introduction ..................................... 72
2. Vulnerability ..................................... 73
3. Mitigation ...................................... 75
a. North Carolina Building Code 76
b. Flood Damage Prevention ......................... 76
4. Evacuation ...................................... 76
5. Reconstruction .................................. 76
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IV. LAND CLASSIFICATION ................................
A. Introduction ...................................... .
B. Land Classifications ..................................
79
79
79
Workshopsand Meetings ....................................... 81
Sources Consulted ........................................... 83
Index................................................... 85
APPENDICES ............................................ 1-1
MAPS ............................................ SLEEVE 1-4
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1
1990 Population By Age Group and Sex, Town of Kitty Hawk,
North Carolina ...................................
5
TABLE 2
1990 Population By Race, Town of Kitty Hawk,
North Carolina ...................................
6
TABLE 3
Comparison of 1980 and 1990 Populations For Selected
Outer Banks Localities, Percent of Growth In Each .............
6
TABLE 4
Poverty Status By Age By Household Type and Relationship
In 1989 In Kitty Hawk, North Carolina ....................
7
LIST OF EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT 1
Soil Types and Characteristics in Kitty Hawk,
North Carolina ..................................
21
EXHIBIT 2
Saffir/Simpson Hurricane Scale With Central Barometric
Pressure Ranges ..................................
72
LIST OF MAPS
MAP 1 Existing Land Use Map, 1994, Town of Kitty Hawk,
North Carolina ............................. SLEEVE 1
MAP 2 Areas of Environmental Concern and Fragile Areas,
Town of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina ............... SLEEVE 2
MAP 3 Composite Hazards Map, Town of Kitty Hawk,
North Carolina ............................ SLEEVE 3
MAP 4 Land Classification System, Town of Kitty Hawk,
North Carolina ............................ SLEEVE 4
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 "History of Kitty Hawk" ........................... 1 - 1
APPENDIX 2 Review of Land Use Policies Contained In .Land Use Plan Kitty Hawk,
North Carolina 1989 and Implementation As of 1994 ......... 2-1
APPENDIX 3 • Citizen Participation Plan for Town of Kitty Hawk Land
Use Plan Update 1993/94
• Kitty Hawk Land Use Plan Update Questions/Comments Form 3 - 1
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
As the word "update" implies, the planning effort represented by this document was
geared toward providing a "snapshot" of the Town of Kitty Hawk in 1994 as opposed to
1989. Generally, the pictures shows the Town is an appealing place to live and to visit, and
a town keenly interested in providing public services while protecting its aesthetic appeal.
The 1994 Update is comprised of four chapters and includes tables, exhibits, maps,
and appendices. It meets the requirements of Sub -chapter 7B-Land Use Planning Guidelines
of the North Carolina Administrative Code, October, 1989 and the regulations promulgated
by the North Carolina Coastal Resources Commission. A discussion of the numerous
meetings and workshops held during the update process, citations of sources consulted, and
an Appendix section are included. An index follows the "Sources Consulted" section.
The 1994 Update was prepared under the general direction of the Kitty Hawk Town
Council through the Kitty Hawk Planning Board and the Town's professional staff. The
preparation of this document was financed in part through a grant provided by the North
Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone
Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the office of Ocean and
Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
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CHAPTER I - THE PLANNING PROCESS
The 1994 Update is formatted along the planning guidelines of Sub -chapter 7B of the
North Carolina Administrative Code, October, 1989. Every effort was made to adhere to
State guidelines while developing a document to meet the needs of Kitty Hawk. Section A of
Chapter I, "North Carolina Land Use Planning" describes the State's planning requirements
in more detail while Section B, the "Kitty Hawk Experience" describes Kitty Hawk, its staff
make up, and similar planning efforts carried out in 1983 and 1989. This chapter also points
the reader to a detailed history of Kitty Hawk that appears as APPENDIX 1.
CHAPTER H - ABOUT THE KITTY HAWK
Current plans and documents provided the base data for the 1994 Update. Census
materials, as well as demographic information provided through State and regional agencies,
was used to provide statistical data about Kitty Hawk with respect to its people, land use,
utilities, transportation system, housing and accommodations, land characteristics, economy,
and carrying capacity. Section A, "Information Base" describes the sources of information
in more detail and provides an analysis of the policies selected in 1989 and their
implementation as of 1994. In addition, a comparison of Kitty Hawk's policies to those of
adjoining towns is included. ,Section B, "Kitty Hawk Today" discusses the people, land, and
physical improvements that make up Kitty Hawk. Also, several plans, studies, and
regulations have been adopted by Kitty Hawk or imposed upon it. These are described, as
are the land suitability constraints that exist and effect development. A carrying capacity
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analysis is included in this section as are build out considerations. In Section C, "Kitty
Hawk Tomorrow" population projections and discussions of land and facilities needs are
found. These are intended to show what Kitty Hawk will be like in the next 10 years and
were based on projections and estimates made by Town leaders, State agencies, and others.
CHAPTER III - LAND USE ISSUES, BACKGROUND, POLICIES, AND
STRATEGIES FOR AND MIING OF EIAPLEMENTATION
The land use issues, policies, and strategies for, and timing of, implementation that
are contained in the 1994 Update were formulated considering citizen input, present policies
and implementation strategies, and the input from Town elected and appointed officials.
While there is general satisfaction with the Town and its service provision, and a desire by
many to maintain the status quo, a vigorous examination of issues, policies, and
implementation strategies was undertaken.
The 1994 U12date focuses primarily on issues facing the Town, and in some cases its
neighbors, during the next 10 years. In fact, many of the issues considered in the document
extend beyond the planning period. The 1994 Update recognizes the need for Kitty Hawk to
protect its environment while building its tax base and maintaining its low density residential
characteristics. In large measure, the policies and implementation strategies developed
during the preparation of the U12date emphasize the Town's intention to continue to rely on
Federal and State programs and agencies. The Town intends to remain very actively
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ix

involved with respect to land use and development practices. The Town will consider the
actions and programs of others, but remains steadfastly committed to controlling its own
destiny with respect to building densities, heights, and character.
The Town is not interested in the development of a community -wide public sewer
system and will move cautiously, if at all, with respect to the consolidation of additional
governmental services between it and neighboring localities. The Town is committed to the
implementation of the policies stated in the Update in a timely manner. In fact, many of the
implementation strategies have time parameters set so that Town leaders can better gauge
staff and resource allocations and insure that the implementation strategies that are listed are
in fact undertaken during the planning period.
CHAPTER IV - LAND CLASSIFICATION
The land classification system provides a framework to be used by the Town to
identify the future use of all lands. As such, the land classification system is a tool to help
implement policies. The designation of land classes allows the Town to illustrate its policy
statements as to where and to what density it wants growth to occur and where it wants to
conserve natural and cultural resources by guiding growth.
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A land classification system has been developed to identify the general character of
existing development and future development in the Town. The system is based on existing
land use patterns and a sequence of future development in certain areas of Town where basic
services will become available to support development. It is also based on the natural ability
of the land to support development, recognizing that some sections of Kitty Hawk should be
conserved as natural areas or because they present hazards to development, or both.
Land classification developed and mapped by Kitty Hawk contains four categories of
land. These are:
1. Developed - Beach
2. Developed - Village
3. Transition
4. Conservation
Developed lands provide space for continued development or redevelopment.
"Developed - Beach" and "Developed - Village" recognizes the differences between the
character of existing development of Kitty Hawk Beach and Kitty Hawk Village. Even
though the density and use standards are the same for each, any further development of these
two areas should recognize the distinctive character of each. Kitty Hawk Beach is somewhat
typical in design, land use mixtures, and density of residential beach communities in North
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Carolina. It is the more seasonal and transient part of Town. Kitty Hawk Village is
different even though its density is not much lower than that of the Beach. The Village has
more a sense of being a year-round residential community.
"Transition" lands provide space for additional urban type development. The
transition areas in Kitty Hawk cover land that is presently developed or expected to develop
and includes those areas where commitment has already been made for Dare County to
construct and maintain waterlines, streets, and other physical infrastructure necessary to
support development.
Lands in the "Conservation" classification are those requiring effective long-term
management in order to protect significant, limited, or irreplaceable cultural and scenic
values. Conservation lands include those areas that are particularly unsuitable for intense
development and/or have special irreplaceable aesthetic value.
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' I. THE PLANNING PROCESS
I
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II. THE PLANNING PROCESS
A. North Carolina Land Use Planning
The Coastal Area Management Act of 1974 (CAMA) establishes a cooperative
' program of coastal area management between local governments and the State. Land use
planning lies at the center of local government's involvement. Subchapter 7B - Land Use
Planning Guidelines of the Forth Carolina Administrative Code, October 1989, were
' promulgated for the purpose of assisting localities with the preparation of land use plans and
sets forth standards for their review. Land use plans are to be updated every five years and
submitted for State review.
' This land use plan update, when certified by the North Carolina Coastal Resources
Commission (CRC), will become part of the North Carolina Coastal Management Plan for
' the protection, preservation, orderly development, and management of the coastal area of
North Carolina.
' B. The Kitty Hawk Experience
' The Town of Kitty Hawk was incorporated in 1981 and uses a Council -Manager form
of government. It is located in Dare County and borders the towns of Southern Shores and
Kill Devil Hills, the Currituck Sound, Kitty Hawk Bay, and the Atlantic Ocean. The Town
' contains 8.2 square miles of land area (5,248 acres) and enjoys a reputation as a cottage
community, appealing to tens of thousands of tourists yearly, and about 2,000 permanent
residents.
' The Town prepared its first CAMA land use plan in 1983 and updated the document in
1989. The Town hired its first professional planner, who also served as zoning
' administrator, in 1987. The Town continues to employ a professional planner whose duties
also include zoning administration and erosion and sediment control monitoring. The Town
employs a code enforcement officer responsible for issuing CAMA minor permits. It also
' employs one building inspector. The Town benefits from the work of a very active and
involved Planning Board and Town Attorney.
' Kitty Hawk -- as an area and as a town -- has a rich history and tradition that have
dictated a controlled pattern of growth. The Town's leaders remain cognizant of factors that
may serve to disrupt the tranquil, environmentally attuned community it desires to be. A
' "History of Kitty Hawk," taken from the Land Use Plan Kitty Hawk North Carolina 1989, is
included in this U ate as APPENDIX 1.
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II. ABOUT KITTY HAWK
I ,
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H. ABOUT KITTY HAWK
' A. Information Base
1. Introduction
' This document was prepared utilizing local plans and studies as well as
information provided by Federal, State, regional, and private agencies. Policy development
and the analysis of anticipated future conditions relied heavily on local knowledge and citizen
input generated at monthly Planning Board meetings devoted to the update of the land use
plan. Both the Land Use Plan Kitty Hawk North Carolina 1983 and the Land Use Plan Kitty
Hawk North Carolina 1989 were reviewed frequently and portions of both are used in this
' 1994 Update.
Rule .0202(a)(3) - Data Collection and Analysis, Subchapter 7B, of the North
' Carolina Administrative Code, October 1989, requires a locality to "... analyze how
effectively it has implemented its policies as contained in its current plan of record."
Further, this evaluation should occur at the beginning of the planning process and "should
' include statements as to what improvements the local government intends to make in this plan
update."
' SOURCE: North Carolina Administrative Code, October 1989.
2. Analysis of Land Use Plan Kitty Hawk North Carolina 1989
Ia. Policies Selected and Implementation as of 1994
'
On April 27, 1989 the Kitty Hawk Town Council adopted policies as a part of
the Land Use Plan Kitty Hawk North Carolina 1989. The land use issues, for
which these policies were directed, were discussed generally in various
'
chapters of the Land Use Plan 1989.
In the Land Use Plan 1989, policies related to resource protection issues are
'
found in Chapter Four - Natural Environment, while policies related to
resource management issues are discussed throughout the document.
Economic and community development issues, and policies related thereto, are
'
discussed in Chapter Two - Attitudes About Growth in Kitty Hawk, Chapter
Three - Economy, and Chapter Seven - Community Facilities and Services.
Policies related to the issue of storm mitigation planning are found in Chapter
'
Eight - Mitigating the Impacts of Coastal Storms. Each of these chapters
includes general discussion of respective issue areas and many policies are
'
repeated in more than one chapter. Implementation of the policies adopted is
discussed in terms in Chapter Eleven Implementation.
general -
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The Town's Planning Board reviewed the policies adopted in the Land Use
Plan 1989 and analyzed the Town's implementation efforts as of 1994. The
findings, as summarized in APPENDIX 2, provide the foundation upon which
policies driving 1994 Town of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina Land Use Plan
Update are developed.
b. Comparison of Current Policies to Policies of Adjoining Towns
During the policy discussion process, the Town compared its land use policies
to those of Kill Devil Hills and Southern Shores as found in their respective
land use plans of record. Generally, the three localities adopted land use
policies that were consistent with each other except for support of a
community -wide sewer system and with respect to building heights. Kill Devil
Hills, unlike Kitty Hawk, supports a community -wide sewer system. Also,
Kill Devil Hills allows building heights of up to 50' in commercial zoning
districts.
Policies of the Town and those of its neighbors are discussed frequently by the
Town Planner and his counterparts. The Town Planner routinely meets with
other planners at planning functions.
c. Improvements Anticipated in 1994 Town of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina Land
Use Plan Update
The Town has made significant strides in directing its growth and maintaining
the quality of service delivery systems. To promote and guide continued
orderly development, improvements to the 1994 Update include:
user friendly formatting;
establishment of action deadlines where applicable;
promotion of substantial and meaningful interaction in the Kitty Hawk
planning process by governmental agencies with programs, regulations,
and rules that impact the Town through interagency review of this
U12dat and,
encouragement of open review and debate of issues, policies, and
implementation strategies at Planning Board meetings during plan
update.
B. Kitty Hawk Today
1. Introduction
Published information, field reviews, and estimates were used to prepare the
following sections describing Kitty Hawk at present, and during the recent past.
C
1
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2. People
The Town's population has grown steadily since its incorporation in 1981. The
1981 Town of Kitty Hawk Census counted 703 residents. The Land Use Plan 1983 included
an estimate of the 1985 population to be 931. The 1990 population of Kitty Hawk as
reported by the United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, was 1,937.
Of Kitty Hawk's 1,937 permanent population in 1990, there were 959 males and
978 females. The median age of the total population was 35.5 years. TABLE 1 provides a
breakdown of population by age group and sex.
TABLE 1
1990 POPULATION BY AGE GROUP AND SEX
TOWN OF KITTY HAWK, NORTH CAROLINA
AGE GROUP
NUMBER IN
GROUP
MALE
FEMALE
0-4
139
80
59
5-17
292
150
142
18-24
158
78
80
25-44
718
353
365
45-64
405
196
209
65 +
225
102
123
TOTALS
1,937
959
978
SOURCE: 1990 Census of Population and Housing, U.S. Department of Commerce,
Bureau of the Census.
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TABLE 2 provides a breakdown of the Town's 1990 population by race.
TABLE 2
1990 POPULATION BY RACE
TOWN OF KITTY HAWK, NORTH CAROLINA
RACE
NUMBER
White
1,914
Black
3
American Indian, Eskimos, Aleut, Asian
or Pacific Islander
8
Other Races
9
Total - All Persons
1,937
SOURCE: 1990 Census of Population and Housing, U.S. Department of Commerce,
Bureau of the Census.
TABLE 3 provides a comparison of 1980 and 1990 populations for selected Outer
Banks localities and percentages of growth.
TABLE 3
COMPARISON OF 1980 AND 1990 POPULATIONS FOR SELECTED
OUTER BANKS LOCALITIES, PERCENT OF GROWTH IN EACH
1980
POPULATION
1990
POPULATION
PERCENT OF
GROWTH
Kitty Hawk
704*
1,937
+ 175
Kill Devil Hills
1,796
4,238
+136
Nags Head
1,020
1,838
+80
Southern Shores
395
1,452
+268
Dare County
13,377
229746
+70
SOURCE: 1990 Census of Population and Housing, U.S. Department of Commerce,
Bureau of the Census. *Figure shown is from 1981 Town of Kitty Hawk
Census.
The median family income in 1989 in Kitty Hawk was $36,167 and the mean family
income was $43,265. The median household income in 1989 in Kitty Hawk was $30,521
and the mean household income was $37, 851. There were 797 households recorded, 544 of
which were families while 253 were non -family households.
WRT\9414.RPT - 6 -

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
The poverty status in 1989 by age by household type and relationship is reflected in
TABLE 4.
TABLE 4
POVERTY STATUS BY AGE BY HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND RELATIONSHIP IN 1989
IN KITTY HAWK, NORTH CAROLINA
HOUSEHOLD TYPE
AGE GROUP AND POVERTY STATUS
Under 65
65-74
75 +
Above
Below
Above
Below
Above
Below
Poverty
Poverty
Poverty
Poverty
Poverty
Poverty
In married -couple family
1,166
45
124
0
33
0
In other family:
43
8
2
0
0
0
Male householder, no
wife present
Female householder,
94
44
5
0
4
2
no husband present
Unrelated individuals:
17
6
0
0
0
0
In family households
In non -family households:
136
11
20
5
19
9
Householder:
Living alone
Not living alone
40
13
0
0
0
0
Nonrelatives
36
17
2
0
0
0
In group quarters
0
36
0
0
0
0
TOTALS AND PERCENT
1532
180
153
5
56
11
(79 %)
(9 %)
(8 %)
(.3 %)
(3 %)
(.7 %)
SOURCE: 1990 Census of Population and Housing, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of
the Census.
3. Land Use
The pattern of development in Kitty Hawk is a unique mixture of resort beach
and traditional Outer Banks village. Kitty Hawk Village and Kitty Hawk Beach are two
distinctly identifiable parts of the Town. The Village has existed for generations and is the
center of Kitty Hawk's traditional, self-sustaining lifestyle. The Beach is newer -- most of it
built in the past 20 years. It represents the newer, resort -oriented aspect of the community.
WRT\9414.RPT
- 7 -

Both Village and Beach are characterized by low to medium -densities, single-
family residential development served by small businesses. Both share a feeling that
development remains on a human scale and in harmony with nature. It is a pattern and
character of development that the Town's people, year round and seasonal, are quite
comfortable with and want to retain.
As in most communities, detached, single-family homes constitute the greatest
share of development in Kitty Hawk. Densities in Kitty Hawk Beach are somewhat higher
than in Kitty Hawk Village, a result of the area's attractiveness for tourist and retirement
homes. Most of the Beach's homes are only occupied seasonally. Kitty Hawk Village is an
easily -defined cluster of homes and other buildings that lies away from the ocean along Kitty
Hawk Road and side roads leading south toward Kitty Hawk Bay. Most of the Village's
homes are occupied year round. Newer subdivisions along Currituck Sound and in Kitty
Hawk Woods are beginning to be built but for now contain only a few homes.
Commercial uses are interspersed throughout the residential areas, with the major
businesses concentrating along N.C. 12 and U.S. 158. The rest are scattered throughout
Kitty Hawk Village. The businesses are primarily small, independent operations that serve
the needs of year round residents and summertime visitors. Occasionally, land use
compatibility problems are witnessed as interspersed commercial and residential uses come
into conflict, primarily due to actions of individuals. The use of buffers is seen as an
acceptable means of minimizing such conflicts, as are regulations governing outdoor
displays.
In a similar manner, institutional uses are scattered throughout the community.
These include churches, the old post office, the Town Hall, and the fire station. There are
several sites in the community that could be considered "industrial" in nature -- the North
Carolina Power station between the Beach and the Village, the former headquarters and yard
of Outer Banks Contractors along Kitty Hawk Road, the concrete plant on Poor Ridge Road,
and the barge landing on Bob Perry Road. See MAP 1, EXISTING LAND USE.
Much of the land in Kitty Hawk remains undeveloped. As of May 31, 1994,
Dare County reports some 2,757.49 acres in the Town remain vacant. Vacant frontage and
vacant lot/unit add an additional 106.67 acres. This total, 2,864 acres, represents 54% of
the 5,248 total acres in Town.
Kitty Hawk Woods, a vast maritime forest, is near the physical center of the
Town. It is significant in that it contains a wider variety of species than either Nags Head
or Buxton Woods and includes species not observed again until 100 miles inland. Grassy
marshes and forested swamps occupy much of the area of the southwestern corner of the
Town. There are also significant undeveloped stretches of back dunes west of U.S. 158.
These undisturbed natural areas are a key ingredient in Kitty Hawk's character. In addition
to supporting a variety of wildlife, waterfowl, and fisheries, they hold a great deal of
aesthetic value that makes Kitty Hawk a special place to live.
WRT\9414.RPT - 8 -

The character of Kitty Hawk is that of a low -density residential community with
commercial establishments serving its residents and seasonal visitors. The community has
no commercial agricultural or forestry areas, no known exploitable minerals (except sand),
and no commercial fisheries. The community's residents actively pursue a variety of
' recreational opportunities reflecting their individual preferences including fishing,
swimming, hunting, surfing, running, bicycling, golfing, and horseback riding.
' Throughout the process of developing this 1994 Update, the Town's residents
and elected and appointed officials expressed a commitment to preserve the low -density
character of the community with limited provisions for multifamily and additional
' commercial development. In Kitty Hawk, "low" density ranges from less than two units per
acre to no more than four units per acre.
Kitty Hawk's special atmosphere comes from its combination of natural beauty
and small-scale development. Maintaining this atmosphere requires not only protecting the
Town's natural resources but also keeping buildings, signs, utility lines, and other structures
' as unobtrusive as possible with respect in size, design, and construction. Designing
buildings at a scale that overwhelms surrounding structures and natural features such as
dunes and trees works against the goal of maintaining Kitty Hawk's low -density, small-scale
character. Designing buildings and signs at an appropriate scale, and with appropriate
materials, will do much more to enhance this character and to accentuate Kitty Hawk's
natural beauty.
SOURCES: Land Use Plan Kitty Hawk North Carolina 1983: Land Use Plan Kitty
Hawk North Carolina 1989; Dare County Data Processing Department;
and Town of Kitty Hawk Planning Department.
4. Utilities and Services
Utilities and services deemed adequate to meet the current normal needs of the
citizens of the Town exist. Water and sewer services are discussed later in this chapter as
are the transportation system and design capacities and utilization of community facilities.
Other services include: recreation and beach areas, police protection, emergency medical
services, fire fighting, solid waste, schools, libraries, and public health.
In Kitty Hawk, the major tourist attractions are the Atlantic Ocean and the
waters of the Currituck Sound and Kitty Hawk Bay. Typical water related recreational
activities occur in and along the ocean, bays, and sounds surrounding the Town. These
include boating, fishing, crabbing, sailing, and sunbathing.
There are 13 public beach access points along Kitty Hawk's four -mile
oceanfront. Limited parking, however, is available at only three of these sites and this
presents problems to which the Town is currently seeking solutions. The Town has erected
uniform, brightly -color signs provided by the North Carolina Division of Coastal
Management at each access point. The Town has also built and maintains a public bath
house with a parking lot. The Town also provides lifeguard protection. In addition, there is
an 18-hole golf course within the Town and baseball, football, and basketball facilities at
Kitty Hawk Elementary School in neighboring Southern Shores.
t
WRT�9414.aar

There are several State roads in Town that could provide access to Currituck
Sound, Kitty Hawk Bay, and along some canals for expanded recreational opportunities.
These areas offer limited recreation at the present time. However, with good planning, they
could become tremendous assets to the community. They could support a variety of
recreational activities including small parks, picnic facilities, boat ramps, wading and
swimming areas, and crabbing and fishing areas. In some areas, periodic dredging of the
Sound and Bay may be necessary to enable even small craft to adequately reach them from
the canals, streams, and shores of Kitty Hawk.
Established in 1981, a professional police force provides police protection to the
Town. Currently, the force is comprised of 13 officers and a fleet of 15 vehicles. Dare
'
County provides emergency medical services to Kitty Hawk through a paid force of 72
Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT). These include 39 Paramedics, 33 Advanced/
Intermediate EMTs, and one Basic EMT. Eight ambulances and one Emergency Medical
Services helicopter are available to serve Dare County. Firefighting services are provided to
the Town under contract with the 35 member Kitty Hawk Volunteer Fire Department. In
1994, the Department's first full time paid chief was hired. Some long range and short term
goals include: increasing membership of those providing emergency .services to 40 and
adding 10 persons to a support group for a total roster of 50 within the next 5 years;
beginning a first responder program to increase the level of emergency medical services
,
currently being provided to the citizens of Kitty Hawk and decrease response times to areas
of the village, west of U.S. 158; and, increase the career staff of the fire department to
assist the Chief in. fire prevention inspections and general maintenance and upkeep of
'
equipment and apparatus in the Department. There are currently eight members who have
attained Firefighter. Certification Level I and three who have attained Level II. There are
twelve members that are either Certified Emergency Medical Technicians or are First
'
Responders. The Department also has a Junior Firefighter Program for individuals ages 14
to 17 years. Currently, there are eight youths in the program which has a total of twelve
'
slots. The Department's training program is extensive and in depth, providing the best
possible and up to date training available. The Department has three engines, one tanker,
and miscellaneous equipment at its disposal to use during emergency incidents. In addition,
'
the Department provides assistance at automobile accidents as well as extrication and
operates at the Operations Level during hazardous material incidents.
'
The Beach Central Communications System makes it possible for those in need
to dial 9-1-1 to report the need for police, fire, or emergency medical assistance to a central
dispatcher. The system, funded as a part of the Dare County budget, operates from
'
headquarters in the Dare County Detention Center in Manteo.
Solid waste services are provided through agreement with Dare County.
Presently, solid waste pick-up costs the Town about $160,000 per year while transport and
tipping fees at the regional landfill in Bertie County add another $44.91 per ton. Recycling
services are provided by agreement with Kill Devil Hills at their recycling center for about '
$20,000 per year. This arrangement will service the Town throughout the planning period.
Dare County is responsible for planning, maintaining, and operating the public
schools that serve the residents of Kitty Hawk. Two new schools, First Flight Elementary
and First Flight Middle School, opened in the 1991-92 school year. School facilities are '
discussed in detail in Part 9, d. of this chapter on page 29.
WRT\9414.RPT - 10 - I

I�
Library services for Kitty Hawk residents are provided by Dare County. Library
services to the entire area were greatly enhanced with the opening of a branch of the Dare
County Library in Kill Devil Hills in 1990.
Medical services to the Town and area are provided by the Regional Medical
Center which offers ambulatory surgery. The medical center is located in Kitty Hawk. In
addition to resident physicians, a number of non-resident specialists have office hours on
certain days of the week at the North Beach Medical Center. A number of practicing
dentists are available in the area, including one in Kitty Hawk. There are also several
optometrists, chiropractors, and a radiologist in the area as well as several pharmacies.
Britthaven Outer Banks, a private nursing home, is in Nags Head.
Basic public health services are available to all Town residents at the Dare
' County Health Department in Manteo. Emergency medical cases in Kitty Hawk and
elsewhere in Dare County can be evacuated by ambulance or helicopter to hospitals in
Elizabeth City and/or Virginia's Hampton Roads area, under the supervision of the County's
' Director of Emergency Services. A helipad was recently constructed at the Regional
Medical Center in Kitty Hawk.
Insect control in the Town falls within the jurisdiction of Dare County.
5. Transportation System
In Kitty Hawk, several different classifications of roads afford vehicular
movement in and through the Town. As of July 1, 1993, there were a total of 19.90 miles
of local streets in Kitty Hawk with an average width of not less than 16 feet. Of this total,
there were 0.28 miles of dirt/unsurfaced local streets, .0.86 miles of soil, stone, or gravel
type surfaced local streets, and 18.75 miles of hard surfaced local streets. In addition, there
' were 4.51 miles of local streets with an average width of less than 16 feet in Town. The
State primary and secondary systems in Town consist of 19.67 total miles. The Town
utilizes funds received through the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT)
' through the Street Aid Allocation Program to maintain the public roads that are not
maintained by NCDOT directly.
' Additions and improvements to the Town's road network, such as hard surfacing
and widening, would facilitate the flow of traffic through the community.
' 6. Housing and Accommodations
' At present, the private sector adequately meets the housing and accommodations
needs of the citizens of and visitors to Kitty Hawk.
Kitty Hawk witnessed the issuance of 1,155 building permits for construction
during the period 1982 through 1988 according to figures contained in the Land Use Plan
1989. It is not clear what percentage of this total represents the construction of new
' structures. North Carolina Power reports that about 1,000 new structures were built in
Town in the decade 1980-1990 so the percentage of new structures represented by the total
of building permits issued from 1982-1988 is assumed to be quite high. Town records
MRT\9414.RPT - 1 1

indicate that 163 permits for new residential structures and 22 new commercial structures
were issued during the period 1989 through 1993. During the period, fourteen new mobile
homes were permitted as were twelve condominium projects. Also, the period 1989 through
1993 saw eight demolition permits issued.
North Carolina Power reports that there are 1,958 structures on subdivided lots
and acreage tracts in Town. This compares to 1990 Census counts of 2,105 housing units.
An analysis of reported vacancy rates reveals that 797 of the 2,105 housing units in Town
were occupied year round while the balance, 1,306, were vacant or not lived in year round.
Of the 1,306 vacant or not lived in year round housing units, 167 were condominium units
and 1,139 were non -condominium units intended for sale or seasonal, recreational,
occasional, or other uses.
7. Plans, Studies, and Regulations
a. Introduction
The Town of Kitty Hawk uses the police powers vested in the Town Council
to enforce a number of land use regulations. The Town also maintains a professional staff
to administer these and relies on advisory groups -- particularly the Planning Board -- to
develop plans and to make recommendations to the Council concerning land use and growth
management. Chapter 14, Planning and Development, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code,
establishes the Town's Planning Board and sets forth the duties and responsibilities of same.
In addition, various State and Federal agencies are relied upon to conduct studies and offer
input in areas effecting land use such as soils evaluation and transportation system planning.
The following paragraphs briefly discuss the plans, studies, and regulations
that are relied upon to help guide land use decisions and implement land use policies in Kitty
Hawk. These documents are available for public review in the Kitty Hawk Town Hall.
b. Land Use Plan Kitty Hawk North Carolina 1989
The Land Use Plan Kitty Hawk North Carolina 1989, approved by the Town
Council on April 27, 1989 and certified by the North Carolina Coastal Resources
Commission on May 26, 1989, has served as the Town's chief planning document. The
Land Use Plan 1989 was the second plan developed by the Town and represented an update
of a similar document prepared and adopted in 1983.
The Land Use Plan 1989 contains 134 statements and some general discussion
of implementation strategies.
c. Soil Survey of Dare County. North Carolina (1992)
This document is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a
joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and State and local
agencies. The USDA's Soil Conservation Service was the lead agency in the effort to survey
soils in Dare County.
WRT\9414.RPT - 12 -

' Field work for the survey was completed in 1986. The types of soils and
their locations in the Town, and a discussion of soils suitability, limitations, and
management for specified uses is provided in the report. Part 8, b., (5), which follows,
discusses the soils found in the Town in more detail. EXHIBIT 1, on page 21 of this
URdate, shows the types of soils found in the Town and selected characteristics.
d. Kitty Hawk Town Code, Chapter 20, Zoning
' Shortlyafter its incorporation in 1981 Kitt Hawk adopted -- with minor
� � Y P
changes -- the existing Dare County Zoning Ordinance that was in effect at the time as its
own ordinance. This action was mainly one of expediency. State law gives a new
community 60 days to adopt a new zoning ordinance, adopt the one under which it had been
' operating, or be without a zoning ordinance. Recognizing that a new zoning ordinance
could not be developed and approved within 60 days, and that operating without a zoning
ordinance was unacceptable, the Town adopted a modified version of the Dare County
' Zoning Ordinance.
Since 1981, the Zoning Ordinance has undergone significant changes which
' provide for more efficient management of growth and development. There is substantially
more emphasis on unified plans for commercial development. There are still problems of a
transitional nature, such as: residential uses in commercial zones; mixed commercial uses;
' parking; mobile homes; streets; and, conservation and environmental concerns. These will
probably result in further Zoning Ordinance amendments.
Currently, there are fifteen zones and two overlay districts in force. These
are:
BR-1 Low Density Beach Residential;
BR-2 Medium Density Beach Residential;
BR-3 High Density Beach Residential;
' BC-1 General Beach Commercial;
BC-2 Beach Commercial;
BC-3 Community Shopping Mall;
' BH Beach Hotel;
BH-2 Beach Hotel;
VR-1 Low Density Village Residential;
VR-2 Medium Density Village Residential;
VR-3 High Density Residential Village;
' VC-1 Village Commercial;
VC-2 Commercial;
VC-3 Village Commercial;
' KHW Kitty Hawk Woods;
PCD Planned Commercial Development (Overlay District); and,
PUD Planned Unit Development (Overlay District)
WRT\9414.RPT - 13 -

e. Ordinance No. 91-14, Signs
This ordinance, included in the Kitty Hawk Town Code, Chapter 20, Zoning,
as Article VI, Division 3, is intended to: encourage the effective use of signs as a means of
communication in the Town; maintain and enhance the aesthetic environment and the
Town's ability to attract sources of economic -development and growth; be appropriate to
and improve pedestrian and traffic safety; minimize the possible adverse effect of signs on
nearby public and private property; and, enable the fair and consistent enforcement of these
sign restrictions.
Signs may be erected, placed, established, painted, created, or maintained in
Town only in conformance with the standards, procedures, exemptions, and other
requirements of this ordinance.
f. Planned Unit Development
Regulations governing Planned Unit Development are found in the Kitty
Hawk Town Code, Chapter 20, Zoning, as Article V, Division 3. They are intended to
provide developers with an option by which they can achieve flexibility of design, the
integration of mutually compatible uses, and optimum land planning with greater efficiency,
convenience and amenity than may be permitted as of right under the other parts of the
Zoning Ordinance. A planned unit development is a'privilege, not a right.
Within specified districts designated in the Zoning Ordinance, planned unit
development regulations are intended to permit, on application and on approval of detailed
site, use, building and development plans, the establishment of planned unit developments in
areas which are suitable with respect to location, size, and physical character for
development as units. Suitability of such tracts for the planned unit development proposed
shall be determined primarily by reference to the goals and objectives of the land use plan
and the planned unit development ordinance, characteristics of the site and area, and by the
nature of the surrounding development. These regulations are intended to accomplish the
purpose of zoning and control to the same degree as those regulations are intended to control
development on a.lot-by-lot rather than unified basis. They are to promote economical and
efficient land use, a higher level of amenities, appropriate and harmonious variety in
physical development, creative design, and an improved living and. working environment.
Planned unit developments may be established as a conditional use where
tracts suitable in location and character for the uses and structures proposed are to be
planned and developed as units, according to the requirements and procedures set forth in
this division. Planned unit developments shall be appropriately located with respect to
intended function, the pattern and timing of development existing or proposed in the land
use plan, and to public and private facilities, existing or clearly to be available by the time
development reaches the stage where they will be needed.
WRT\9414.RPT - 14 -
n
P
I I

' g. Kitty Hawk Town Code, Chapter 19, Subdivision
' The purpose of this chapter .is to establish procedures for the development and
subdivision of real estate within the Town in an effort to: insure proper legal description,
identification, monumentation and recordation of real estate boundaries; further the orderly
' layout and appropriate use of land; provide safe, convenient, and economic circulation of
vehicular traffic; provide suitable building sites which drain properly and are readily
accessible to emergency vehicles; assure the proper installation of road and utilities; promote
' the eventual elimination of unsafe or unsanitary conditions arising from undue concentration
of population; and, help conserve and protect the physical and economic resources of Kitty
' Hawk.
The chapter sets forth lot size, setback requirements, buffer and easement
' provisions, and platting and approval procedures.
h. Kitty Hawk Town Code, Chapter 16, Soil Erosion and
' Sedimentation Control
This chapter was adopted for the purpose of regulating certain land -disturbing
' activity to control accelerated erosion and sedimentation in order to prevent the pollution of
water and public and private property by sedimentation. It establishes procedures through
which this purpose can be fulfilled.
' This chapter applies to land -disturbing activities undertaken by any person,
with four exclusions. The four exclusions are:
those activities undertaken on agricultural land for the production of
plants and animals useful to man;
' those activities undertaken on forest land for the production and
harvesting of timber and timber products;
' activity undertaken by persons as defined in G.S. Paragraph 113A-52(8)
who are otherwise regulated by the provision of The Mining Act of 1971
' (G.S. paragraph 74-46 et seq.].
land -disturbing activity over which the State by statute has exclusive
' regulatory jurisdiction, which are those:
'
conducted by the State;
conducted by the United States;
conducted by persons having the power of eminent domain;
conducted by Town Council;
licensed by the State or the United States; and,
funded in whole or in part by the State or the United States.
MRT\9414.RPT - 15 -

i. Kitty Hawk Town Code, Chapter 8; Flood Damage Prevention
The purpose of this chapter is to promote the public health, safety, and
general welfare, and to minimize public and private losses due to flood conditions in specific
areas. This is accomplished by provisions designed to:
restrict or prohibit uses which are dangerous to health, safety, and
property due to water or erosion hazards, or which result in damaging
increases in erosion or in flood heights or velocities;
require that uses vulnerable to floods, including facilities which serve
such uses, be protected against flood damage at the time of initial
construction;
control the alteration of natural floodplains, stream channels, and natural
protective barriers which are involved in the accommodation of
floodwaters;
control filling, grading, dredging and other development which may
increase erosion or flood damage; and,
prevent or regulate the construction of flood barriers which will
unnaturally divert floodwaters or which may increase flood hazards to
other lands.
The areas of special flood hazard identified by the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) in its flood insurance study for the Town (as amended from
time to time), with accompanying maps and other supporting data and any revision thereto,
are adopted by reference and declared to be a part of this chapter.
j. Kitty Hawk Town Code, Chapter 7, Environmental Control
Chapter 7, Environmental Control encompasses three very important areas of
land use regulation. These are Sand Dune Protection, Coastal Management, and Post Storm
Reconstruction.
Article II (Sand Dune Protection) of Chapter 7 was adopted to preserve and
promote the protection of the Town by maintaining the existence of natural and constructed
dunes which help protect it from the danger of flooding and erosion of land against the
actions of sand, wind, and water. The practice of destroying sand dunes and removing
vegetation therefrom within the Town constitutes a serious threat to the safety of adjacent
properties. This article was adopted for the health, safety, and welfare of persons living,
visiting, or sojourning to and in the Town and for the protection of public and private
property.
WRT\9414.RPT - 16 -

IArticle III (Coastal Management) of Chapter 7 establishes:
procedures to be followed in issuing minor development permits in areas
of environmental concern within the Town, including methods of
coordinating with other local permits;
' scope and coverage, including the geographic extent of jurisdiction of the
coastal area management program;
' responsibilities and capabilities of the permit -letting agency, including a
description of the criteria to be used in choosing the permit officer;
' methods of identifying and taking into account projects and impacts of
regional, State, and national concern, where applicable;
procedures to ensure that the program is consistent with the approved
land use plan; and,
' procedures to ensure that copies of all existing or proposed local
ordinances relating to zoning and land use in areas of environmental
concern to which the plan applies shall be submitted to the commission
within the required time after final designation of areas of environmental
concern, and that to the greatest extent possible the ordinances and
regulations will be made consistent with the management program
described in the article.
The issuance of minor development permits required by the CAMA is
administered and enforced in those areas of environmental concern (or parts of those areas
of environmental concern) which are located within the corporate boundaries of the Town.
' Article IV (Post -Storm Reconstruction of Chapter 7 includes regulations
(P ) p egu ations that
' are in keeping with the intent of the Town to allow rebuilding and reconstruction of
damaged structures in an orderly manner. The Town will control the issuance of building
permits to manage the location, timing, and sequence of reconstruction and repair. To
' further the intent of this section, the Town will make every effort to develop its capacity to
identify and orchestrate various post -storm reconstruction resources, while at the same time
ensuring maximum local control over the reconstruction process.
' 8. Land Suitability Constraints
' WRT\9414.RPT - 17 -
H

a. Introduction
Field reviews, technical documents, maps, and inventories aid in the analysis
of the general suitability of the undeveloped lands within Kitty Hawk. Such analysis must
consider physical limitations for development which may be man-made hazards, natural
hazards, water supply, areas with excessive slope, and areas with soil limitations. Areas of
environmental concern and fragile areas and areas with resource potential must also be
analyzed.
b. Physical Limitations
(1) Man -Made Hazards
In Kitty Hawk, the most prevalent man-made hazard is the
transportation system along which vehicular and pedestrian traffic move in and through its
corporate boundaries. Delivery and container vehicles, some transporting hazardous
materials, regularly travel through Town. Also, the tourist season brings a substantial
increase in the number of automobiles travelling in and through the Town and thus the
likelihood of accidents increases greatly. Also, the lack of sidewalks and bicycle paths in
Town does not allow for segregation of vehicular and pedestrian traffic.
(2) Natural Hazards
Flooding is the most common natural hazard faced by the Town. The
dominant source of flooding in Kitty Hawk is a storm surge generated in the Atlantic Ocean
by tropical storms, northeasters, and hurricanes. In addition, this surge propagates in the
bays and creeks surrounding the Town where high winds can produce intense wave actions.
The wave actions associated with storm surge can be damaging as can the higher water
level. Historically, storms passing North Carolina in the vicinity of Kitty Hawk have
produced severe flooding as well as structural damage.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has caused the
flood hazard areas in Kitty Hawk to be mapped and the 100-year coastal floodplain to be
identified on a set of Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM). The FIRM are available for
public viewing at the Kitty Hawk Town Hall and at the Dare County Library.
The 100-year floodplain is the area that will be flooded on the average
of once every 100 years. It has a 1 % chance of being flooded in any given year. Similarly,
it has about a 25 % chance of being flooded over the life of a 30 year mortgage. Smaller
floods have a greater chance of occurring in any given year and thus can still create
significant hazards to people and structures.
MRT\9414.RPT - 18 -

(3) Water Supply
' Kitty Hawk receives its potable water from the Dare County water
system which was completed in 1980. Potable water is available to all areas in Town. The
three primary water sources that feed the Dare County system are:
' deep wells in Skyco on Roanoke Island;
Fresh Pond; and,
' Reverse Osmosis Plant.
Quantity issues with respect to the water supply for Kitty Hawk are not
' pressing. Other issues related to the water system serving the Town include "looping" of
water lines and the enhancement of fire fighting capabilities along US 158.
' (4) Areas Where Predominant Slope Exceeds Twelve Percent
Areas in Kitty Hawk where the predominant slope exceeds 12 % include
' frontal and primary dunes along the ocean front and dunes with vegetative cover such as
those found in Kitty Hawk Woods.
' (5) Areas With Soil Limitations
I
H
n
Soils are a basic natural resource whose properties greatly, influence
how people use the land. Soil analyses can indicate areas which development should avoid
or modify. Certain soil types indicate periodic storm flooding in low-lying soundside
locations. Other soil types are associated with a high seasonal water table which can make
an area unsuitable or uncomfortable for year-round habitation. The load -bearing capacity of
different soils is also important in Kitty Hawk because of the number of structures that are
built on pilings to withstand wind and flooding damages. The depth to which these pilings
are driven must be determined through a knowledge of subsoil properties to ensure the
strength of the building.
Probably all of the soils in Kitty Hawk could be modified to
accommodate any selected use, but environmental, monetary, and social costs would be
excessive. The costs of improperly planned soils modifications is borne not only by the
developer but also by the public since misuses of the land can lead to severe environmental
problems for the community. Therefore, it is desirable to recognize the limitations of
certain soils and to evaluate their potential or suitability for septic tanks, landfills, waste
disposal, urban development, industrial development, recreation, roads, and the like.
WRT\9414.RPT - 19 -

EXHIBIT 1 which follows is derived from the United State '
Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service's Soil Survey of Dare County. North ,
Carglina, and shows the different types of soil in Kitty Hawk and certain of their
characteristics. The Soil Survey and mapping of soil types are available for public viewing
at the Kitty Hawk Town Hall and the Dare County Library. Copies are also available at the ,
Dare County Soil and Water Conservation District Office, located in the Dare County
Satellite Office in Kill Devil Hills.
WRT\9414.RPT - 20 - I

EXHIBIT 1
Soil Types and Characteristics. in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina
LOCAL ROADS HIGH WATER
FREQUENCY OF SEPTIC TANK ABSORPTION AND STREETS TABLE DEPTH
SOIL NAME MAP SYMBOL* SLOPE FLOODING FIELDS LIMITATIONS RATING LIMITATIONS RATING (FT.)
Beaches-Newhan complex
BnD
0-25% slopes
Not Specified
Severe: poor filter
Not Rated
>6.0
Conoby muck
CnA
0-2% slopes
Rarely Flooded
Severe: wetness
Severe: wetness
0-1.5
Corolla fine sand
CoB
0-6% slopes
Rarely Flooded
Severe: wetness, poor filter
Moderate: flooding,
wetness
1.5-3.0
CuA
0-1% slopes
Frequently Flooded
Severe: flooding, wetness,
poor filter
Severe: subsides,
wetness, flooding
+1-1.0
Currituck mucky peat
DtA
0-2% slopes
Occasionally Flooded
Severe: flooding, wetness,
poor filter
Severe: wetness,
flooding
0-1.0
Duckston fine sand
DwE
2-40% slopes
Not Specified
Severe: poor filter, slope
Severe: slope
>6.0
Dune land-Newhan complex
Fripp fine sand
FrD
2-30% slopes
Not Specified
Severe: poor filter, slope
Severe: slope
>6.0
Newhan fine sand
NeC
0-10% slopes
Not Specified
Severe: poor filter
Slight
>6.0
NhC
0-10% slopes
Not Specified
Severe: wetness, poor filter
Slight -Moderate
1.5-3.0
Newhan-Corolla complex
Osier fine sand
OsA
0-2% slopes
Rarely Flooded
Severe: wetness, poor filter
Severe: wetness
0-1.0
Oub
0-5% slopes
Rarely Flooded
Severe: flooding, wetness,
poor filter
Severe: flooding
1.5-3.0
Ousley fine sand
Psammento
PsB
0-6% slopes
Not Specified
Not Rated
Not Rated
**
* See Sheet 3, "Soil Survey of Dare County, North Carolina," United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, March 1992.
** Not estimated.
SOURCE: Derived from "Soil Survey of Dare County, North Carolina," United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, March 1992.
- 21 -

Soil limitation ratings refer to the soil's capacity to support
dwellings, streets, septic tank fields. A rating of "slight" means that the soil's chemical and
physical properties are generally favorable for these uses or that any limitations are minor
and easy to overcome. A rating of "severe" means that the soil's properties are unfavorable
and that these limitations are difficult to correct or overcome. A rating of "severe" does not
preclude possible development. However, any unfavorable conditions must be overcome by
appropriate land development techniques. In all cases, on -site investigations of the soil are
necessary for the proper design and placement of buildings, foundations, roads, utility lines,
and septic systems.
In rating a soil for any limitations for dwellings, emphasis falls on
its load -bearing capacity (for holding the foundation), slope, susceptibility to flooding, depth
to seasonal high water table, and other hydrologic conditions. In rating a soil for limitations
for roads, emphasis falls on its susceptibility to flooding, depth to seasonal high water table,
texture, drainage and ease of hauling and loading. In rating a soil for any limitations for
septic tank filter fields, emphasis falls on its permeability, susceptibility to flooding, depth to
water table : and slope.
The on -site disposal of septic tank effluent is a common soils
problem in Kitty Hawk. Thus, development may be limited in some cases. For example, in
one case involving several lots along Poor Ridge Road, development was limited as septic
tanks were not allowed. Using existing septic tank technology, many wet and/or
impermeable soils in the area are severely limited in their ability to accommodate effluent in
a safe and sanitary manner. In some dry soils, such as dune sand, the soil is too permeable
to accommodate effluent, leading to the pollution of groundwaters and adjacent estuarine
waters. Using existing technology, it is difficult and/or expensive to overcome these
limitations in a way that is not damaging to the environment. When local officials know
these problems exist, they can deal with them by adopting appropriate requirements for
development, such as minimum lot sizes. Then, proper technical adjustments and
innovations can often make development environmentally acceptable.
SOURCES: Soil Survey of Dare County. North Carolina, United States
Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, March 1992;
Land Use Plan Kitty Hawk North Carolina 1983; and, Land Use Plan
Kitty Hawk North Carolina 1989.
c. Areas of Environmental Concern and Fragile Areas
Under the Coastal Area Management Act, North Carolina's Coastal Resources
Commission (CRC) has designated a number of areas of environmental concern (AECs) in
order to protect the State's valuable natural resources. See MAP 2, AREAS OF
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN AND FRAGILE AREAS. In Kitty Hawk, six types of
AEC in two categories are found. These are:
F
L
I
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• Estuarine Systems AECs:
1.
Estuarine Waters
2.
Coastal Wetlands
3.
Public Trust Waters
4.
Estuarine Shorelines
s Ocean Hazard AECs:
5. Ocean Erodible Areas
6. High Hazard Flood Areas
The approximate location and extent of these AECs are indicated generally on
MAP 2, but their exact location and extent must be determined by on -site inspections.
Estuarine System AECs:
The lands and waters that comprise the estuarine system hold enormous economic,
biological, social, and aesthetic values for the Town of Kitty Hawk and the State of North
Carolina. These lands and waters are interdependent and must be managed as a unit. Any
alteration, however slight, in one component of the estuarine system may result in
unforeseen consequences to seemingly unrelated areas of the system. In order to protect the
estuarine system, the CRC has designated individual components of it as AECs and adopted
guidelines for their use. These components are the estuarine waters, coastal wetlands,
public trust areas, and estuarine shorelines. Each of these is either directly within the
estuary itself or significantly affects the estuary. All of these are found within Kitty Hawk.
The estuarine waters AEC includes all waters of the State's bays, sounds, and
streams seaward of the dividing line between coastal fishing waters and inland fishing waters
as set forth by a joint agreement between the Wildlife Resources Commission and the
Marine Fisheries Commission. In Kitty Hawk, the estuarine waters AEC includes the man-
made tributaries of Currituck Sound and Kitty Hawk Bay. Natural streams such as High
Bridge Creek (Jean Guite Creek or Ginguite Creek) and Duck Pond Creek are classified
inland waters.
The coastal wetlands AEC includes any salt marsh or other marsh subject to
regular or occasional flooding by tides, whether or not the tidal waters reach the wetlands
through natural or artificial watercourses. Coastal wetlands are important because they yield
high levels of organic detritus and nutrients which serve as a primary food source for
various species of fish, shellfish, and waterfowl. Their dense vegetation and root networks
also help retard shoreline erosion and trap sediments before they reach the estuarine waters.
There are no coastal wetlands along Kitty Hawk's ocean shoreline. However, extensive
wetlands line Currituck Sound and Kitty Hawk Bay.
The public trust waters AEC includes:
all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands thereunder from the mean high
water mark to the seaward limit of State jurisdiction;
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all other bodies of water subject to lunar tides and the lands thereunder below
the mean high water level;
all waters in artificially created bodies of water containing significant public
fishing resources or other public resources which are accessible to the public
by navigation from bodies of water in which the public has rights of
navigation; and
all waters in artificially created bodies of water in which the public has
acquired rights by prescription, custom, usage, dedication, or any other
means.
In Kitty Hawk, the public trust waters AEC covers the waters and submerged
lands of the Atlantic Ocean, Currituck Sound, and Kitty Hawk Bay. It also covers the many
navigable natural and man-made channels that open into Currituck Sound and Kitty Hawk
Bay.
The estuarine shoreline AEC covers non -ocean shorelines which are typically
subject to erosion, flooding, and other adverse effects of wind and water. Though.the
estuarine shorelines are typically dry land, they are intimately connected to the estuary.
Development along the shoreline can have a strong effect on the quality of estuarine waters,
coastal wetlands, and their ability to sustain their economic, biological, social, and aesthetic
values. As defined by the CRC, the estuarine shoreline AEC extends from the mean high
water level or normal water level along the estuarine waters AEC to a line 75 feet landward.
In Kitty Hawk, the estuarine shoreline AEC encompasses the entire shoreline along
Currituck Sound and Kitty Hawk Bay.
Ocean hazard AECs:
The Atlantic Ocean shoreline is especially vulnerable to erosion and other adverse
effects of wind and water. Ocean hazard AECs include beaches, frontal dunes, inlet lands
and other areas in which geologic, vegetative, and soil conditions indicate a substantial
possibility of excessive erosion or flooding. Uncontrolled or incompatible development
within these areas can present an unreasonable danger to life and property. In Kitty Hawk,
there are two types of ocean hazard AECs. These are ocean erodible areas and high hazard
flood areas.
The ocean erodible AEC includes that area in which there exists a substantial
possibility of significant erosion and shoreline fluctuation. The seaward boundary of this
area is the mean low water line. The landward boundary of this area is determined as a
combination of:
a distance landward from the first line of stable natural vegetation to the
recession line established by multiplying the long-term annual erosion rate,.as
most recently determined by the CRC, by 60 for large structures and by 30 for
small structures. Where there has been no long-term erosion or the rate is
less than two feet per year, this line is 120 feet landward from the first line of
stable natural vegetation for large structures, 60 feet for small structures; plus
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' the distance landward from the above recession line to a second recession line
that would be generated by a storm having a one percent chance of being
' equalled or exceeded in any given year.
In Kitty Hawk, the ocean erodible AEC covers the entire Atlantic Ocean shoreline
and consists of three separate segments with different rates of erosion and different
"setbacks" established by the CRC from the first line of stable natural vegetation.
' The high hazard flood AEC is the oceanfront area subject to flooding and high
velocity waters including wave wash in a storm having a one -percent chance of being
equalled or exceeded in any given year.
In Kitty Hawk, other significant fragile areas include Kitty Hawk Woods (see
Chapter III, C., number 4 on page 45); 404 wetlands (See Chapter III., B., number 3. c. on
' page 37); and, fisheries areas (See Chapter III., C., number 2. on page 44).
d. Areas With Resource Potential
Kitty Hawk possesses no known mineable resources except sand.
9. Carrying Capacity Analysis
' a. Introduction
The concept of carrying capacity comes from natural scientists concerned with
' wildlife who observed that if the number of animals in a given habitat exceeded the.capacity
of the habitat to sustain them then the quality of life of those animals deteriorated causing
them to leave, to live diminished lives, or to die. This is a fairly straight forward concept
t to apply in nature where the elements of the habitat are relatively fixed and changes that
occur are readily observable and the results relatively immediate. In the case of the built
environment the concept is instructive but not as precise. It lacks precision because the
environment can be and usually is quite easily changed. If the environment lacks a crucial
element, water for example, this can be remedied by sinking a deeper well by an individual
or by building a water system by a community or other applications of technology and
' expenditures of money. It also lacks precision because humans are adaptable.
It has been shown that the requisites for a successful community are many and
interrelated. Some of them are basic. Water is probably the best example. Without a
consistent supply of potable water, life simply cannot continue.
In any built environment, the elements of the capacity are generally the same.
They include water and wastewater treatment. Land is an obvious element because without
sufficient land it is difficult to build a sustainable development for humans. Roads are
essential, as are police and fire protection, education, health care, and social services.
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Each of these elements make a community vital but their relative importance
will vary from place to place in terms of the tastes and preference of the residents, the
relative scarcity of the element, and the legal authority of the community to deal with the
element. The fact that Kitty Hawk has clearly expressed a preference for being a family -
oriented beach community sets it apart from many other places and these preferences
directly affect other elements such as the land, and how it is used. The fact that Kitty Hawk
is on an island makes land the most precious element. The amount of land is fixed and may
in fact diminish because of the eroding action of the ocean.
The legal authority of the Town to deal with certain elements is limited by
State legislation and decisions made by others before the Town was incorporated. For
example, the authority of the Town to deal with roads is limited because many of the roads
are in the State system. The water distribution system belongs to Dare County. The rules
and regulations dealing with wastewater treatment are promulgated by the County and the
State.
In spite of these limitations, an examination of these elements can be
instructive because the most basic element for Kitty Hawk, the land, is within the legal
authority of the Town, and because, regardless of where the legal authority for other
elements resides, decisions made by the Town with regard to the land will have an impact
on those other elements. For example, a decision to allow very high density development
rather than low density would place an increased burden on the water and the road systems,
would require more police protection and, especially if the buildings were tall, might require
special fire fighting equipment.
The land for Kitty Hawk is the fundamental resource. The amount of land
within Kitty Hawk is finite. The ability of the land to sustain development depends on
several factors. To a certain extent it depends on the natural limitations of the soil but this
is by no means an absolute limitation. Human beings have shown extraordinary ingenuity in
adapting land to serve their own purposes. The natural limitations are in fact limitations on
development only when the community decides that these limitations have value to the
community and should be respected.
b. Carrying Capacity Scenario
Some 2,864 taxable acres of vacant land, vacant frontage, and vacant lots (of
5,248 total acres) were reported by Dare County as of May 1994 in Kitty Hawk.
Realistically, however, only a portion of this land can and will be developed given existing
circumstances and regulations. The development that does ultimately occur on this land will
be the result of many factors. The primary factor is the developability of the land which is
discussed in the following paragraphs. Another significant factor is the Town's zoning
regulations. Chapter 21, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code specifies maximum
dwelling units per acre for each of its residential and commercial districts. Experience has
shown, however, that the actual development that occurs is less than the maximum allowed.
To factor this in, an average of two dwellings per acre was used in the carrying capacity
scenario that follows.
WRT\9414.RPT - 26 -

To more accurately calculate the remaining acres available for development in
Kitty Hawk, the developability of the vacant acreage must be determined. From the 2,864
taxable acres of vacant land, vacant frontage, and vacant lots, one must subtract certain
acreages that cannot or will not be developed or are otherwise committed. These include:
461 acres in the Kitty Hawk Woods conservation easement;
59 acres along the ocean front lacking sufficient area for building
development;
150 acres of wetlands/marsh in Kitty Hawk Village between Herbert
Perry Road and Poor Ridge Road;
167 acres of wetlands/marsh between Bob Perry Road and Poor Ridge
Road;
620 acres of wetlands/marsh west of Bob Perry Road including Stone
Island;
150 acres along The Woods Road being developed as acreage tracts for
single family residential development;
40 acres of wetlands/marsh south of Sound Landing;
115 acres contained in a proposed conservation area; and,
72 acres being developed as a planned unit development.
The total acreage that cannot or will not be built upon, or is otherwise
committed, is 1,834 acres, Subtracting this figure from 2,864 acres leaves 1,030 acres of
developable land. Further, setting aside 10 % of this total for other improvements
necessitated by development leaves 921 acres.
If it is assumed that these are built to the average density allowed by the
Town's zoning regulations (2 DU/Acre), then the total number of new dwelling units .that
might be expected in Kitty Hawk is only 1,854. If existing units, as reported in the 1990
Census (2,105), and those units for which permits were issued since 1990 (138) are added to
1,854, the total number of dwelling units at build out would be 4,097. Using this scenario,
population or capacity of the land in Kitty Hawk to absorb development may be projected
any number of ways. The following were used:
A. Assume the Kitty Hawk average of 2.4 persons per household, as
' reported in the 1990 Census (1,937 people divided by 797 households),
occupy each dwelling unit year round.
' B. Assume that (a) half of the dwelling units are occupied by 2.4 people
year round and (b) half are occupied in the summer by 6 people.
C. Assume that (a) one-third of the dwelling units are occupied by 2.4
people year round and (b) two-thirds are occupied in the summer by 6
people.
WRT\9414.RPT - 27 -
I

Application of these assumptions to the scenario yields the following:
A. 2.4 people x 4,097 dwelling units
= 9,832 dwellers
B. 2.4 people x 2,048 dwelling units
= 4,915 year round dwellers
6 people x 2,049 dwelling units
= 12.294 summer dwellers
= 17,209 total summer
population
C. 2.4 people x 1,365 dwelling units
= 3,276 year round dwellers
6 people x 2,732
= 16.392 summer dwellers
= 19,668 total summer
population
These assumptions and projections yield a range from a low of 3,276 people
in the off season to a high of 19,668 people in the summer. Unless preferences change and
the existing regulatory regime that controls the density of development changes, the reality
lies somewhere in between. In addition to residential development, commercial development
will take place.
There are between 45 and 55 suitable commercial acres in Kitty Hawk still
available for commercial development although the calculations above concerning dwelling
units assumes all available acreage will be ultimately used for residential purposes. It is
hard to determine if there is an adequate supply since some of commercial land has already
been used for residential purposes, and the existing Zoning Ordinance allows further
residential uses in commercial districts as conditional uses. This provision makes it difficult
to make sound judgments about the need for commercial areas and builds a certain amount
of uncertainty into the population projections since by allowing residential uses in
commercial areas the population figures could rise by a substantial amount.
c. Water and Sewer Service Areas
Public water is or can be made available to all areas within the Town. As of
May 1994, there were 1,932 metered water customers (commercial and residential) in Kitty
Hawk.
Nearly all of the homes and businesses in Kitty Hawk rely on septic tank and
drainfield systems to treat and dispose of wastewater. While under good conditions, such
systems are perfectly adequate. Kitty Hawk's natural environment presents enough hazards
to the proper functioning of septic systems that their use must be carefully monitored. As
noted earlier, most of the soils in the Town of Kitty Hawk are not well -suited for septic
tanks and drainfields. Periodic high water tables in certain areas can block the proper
percolation of wastewater throughout the soil and can lead to the contamination of estuarine
waters. In addition, placing septic systems too close to wells creates a threat to human
health. The Dare County Health Department is responsible for overseeing and permitting
the use of septic systems in Kitty Hawk; in doing so, the Health Department uses standards
adopted by the State of North Carolina's Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources, Division of Environmental Health. These standards cover the design and
location of septic tanks and drainfields. The standards are currently adequate to meet Kitty
Hawk's needs and concerns.
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In addition to septic systems, package treatment plants are gaining popularity
in North Carolina's coastal communities. Such plants are usually constructed and
maintained by developers to service residential subdivisions and condominium projects.
' Unless a package treatment plant is properly maintained and continuously monitored, it can
easily break down, inconvenience the property owners who depend on it, and threaten public
health. An improperly managed plant can also become a financial liability to the Town if
' the developer or homeowners abdicate responsibility for operating it. The Town will avoid
these problems by not allowing such plants or obtaining financial and legally binding
assurances from developers and homeowners associations that package treatment plants will
be properly managed and maintained.
d. Design Capacity and Utilization of Community Facilities
' At present, most community facilities generally appear to be adequate to meet
existing demands. However, for the ten year planning period (1994-2004), facilities'
' maintenance and upgrading of fachities will become more crucial.
The solid waste disposal needs of Kitty Hawk will be met for at least the next
' decade through agreement with Dare County utilizing the regional solid waste facility in
Bertie County.
The educational needs of Kitty Hawk are also the responsibility of and are
being met by Dare County. The design capacities for Dare County Schools are:
'
First Flight Elementary School ....................
540
First Flight Middle School .............
572
Kitty Hawk Elementary School ....................
720
'
Manteo High School ............................
675
Current enrollments at each are:
'
First Flight Elementary School ....................
536
First Flight Middle School .......................
431
'
Kitty Hawk Elementary School ....................
459
Manteo High School ...........................
734
' A 5% annual increase in enrollment is projected. At present, the only planned
improvements are to Manteo High School. Planned improvements to the school, include the
addition of a new media center, conversion of the existing media center into classrooms, and
the conversion of a part of the health and administration facilities into classrooms.
11
The North Carolina Department of Transportation maintains the major
highways within the Town and routinely develops plans for system improvements. The
Town is committed to a policy of maintaining local streets. See Chapter III, D., number 25
on page 62.
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Police, fire, and emergency medical service of and for the Town are deemed
adequate. Police and fire facilities and personnel needs are constantly being evaluated and
will be provided as necessary. The Kitty Hawk Volunteer Fire Department is in the process
of acquiring land for a satellite station. Police Department needs are being evaluated by
Town Council. Public safety is also discussed in Chapter III, D., number 18 on page 57.
The Town continues to review its needs with respect to recreation and
recreational facilities. Recreational facilities are also discussed in Chapter III, D., number
17 on page 57.
e. Build Out Considerations
Wetlands, conservation easements and areas, and restricted developments
account for some 1,834 acres in Town that have no realistic potential for development or at
least limited development potential. County supplied records list a total of 2,864 acres of
vacant land, vacant frontage, and vacant lots as of May 1994. Subtracting the acreages
(1,834) from the County reported "vacant" acreages (2,864) leaves 1,030 acres. If 10% of
1,030 is set aside for roads, easements, and other improvements normally required by
development, 927 acres are left to development. Experience has shown, however, that the
actual development that occurs is less than the maximum allowed. Thus, if the 927 acres
are developed at an average of 2 units per acres, the result would be an additional 1,854
units. Even at an average rate of 100 new structures per year, as was the case during the
decade 1980-1990, total build out in Kitty Hawk would take nearly 20 years.
10. Economy -
Kitty Hawk's economy is based primarily on recreational tourism and the
service related support businesses such as real estate, accommodations, restaurants, sporting
goods, golfing, professional services, retail stores, construction activities and supplies. This
heavy reliance on tourism creates the need to attempt to broaden the economic base to
include non -tourist related activities to provide some sense of stability in the event that the
Outer Banks becomes less attractive as a tourist area.
As with all of the communities on the Outer Banks, Kitty Hawk's economy
bustles from May to September and continues at a slower, more relaxed pace in the off
season. This annual cycle is part of the Town's character and appeal. While much more
retail activity occurs during the summer months, a certain number of stores and professional
offices operates year-round to meet the needs of Kitty Hawk's residents, which include a
large number of retired persons, and an increasing number of off-season visitors.
Many of the Town's residents commute to jobs in nearby communities such as
Kill Devil Hills, Nags Head, Manteo, and Wanchese. Conversely, some people who live in
these communities work in Kitty Hawk.
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F
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Ll
Kitty Hawk has no commercial agriculture or forestry operations, nor does it
have large-scale fisheries. However, several people in Kitty Hawk Village have small-scale,
independent commercial fishing and crabbing operations. As Kitty Hawk's residents have
done for generations, these people harvest fish, shellfish, and crabs when the season is right,
keeping some for themselves and selling the rest. These operations and their small scale are
part of the Kitty Hawk Village's traditional economy and way of life.
SOURCES: Land Use Plan Kitty Hawk North Carolina 1983 and Land Use Plan
Kitty Hawk North Carolina 1989.
C. Kitty Hawk Tomorrow
1. Introduction
It is anticipated that, in most cases, future demands during the planning period
(1994-2004) should be adequately met by existing and planned facilities. Great interest will
continue to be placed on the transportation system and its planning as well as the provision
of water services to new developments. By continuing its present land use controls in
keeping with Town residents' wishes, Kitty Hawk should experience slow to moderate
population and building growth.
2. People
Population projections are available only at the county level from the North
Carolina Department of Planning, State Data Center. However, estimates in published
reports and those in local informational packets place the year 2000 population of the Town
at between 4,793 and 5,980. These estimates stem from the often cited Booz-Allen and
Hamilton, Incorporated's Dare County Carrying Capacity/Development Study. These
figures represent the original estimate (made in 1986) and a revised estimate made in 1987.
Both estimates represent populations that will occur in a scenario of moderate growth. A
more realistic estimate of between 3,500 and 4,000 persons by the year 2004 should guide
Town planning in the 1994-2004 planning period.
3. Land Need
There is sufficient vacant land in Town to meet the demands anticipated for the
planning period 1994 to 2004. Kitty Hawk still contains a significant amount of unplatted
acreage. However, much of the land in the southwest quadrant of Town is wetlands and a
461-acre tract of Kitty Hawk Woods has been given over to government protection and
restriction through a conservation easement. These and othe* undevelopable acres,
notwithstanding, some 1,030 vacant acres remain available for development. Currently,
there are 3,122 subdivided lots in Kitty Hawk, with a total of 1,746 structures, of which
437, or 25 %, had been built in the years 1988-92. Some 1,376 subdivided lots remain
available for development.
I
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- 31 -

SOURCE: 1994 Buildou tudOuter Banks District 1988-1992, North Carolina Power, '
January, 1994.
4. Utilities and Services
The utilities and services demands anticipated for the planning period will be
adequately met by existing facilities and those planned. However, utility system
maintenance and the speed with which infrastructure improvements are made may constrain
future growth. Facilities planning, particularly for transportation system needs, is difficult
due to the population variance between peak and off-peak seasons and the unpredictability of
storm events. Facilities issues are discussed in detail in Chapter III, D., numbers 2, 16, 17,
19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, and 28 on pages 47, 56, 57, 59, 61, 61, 62, 62, 66, and 67
respectively.
5. Transportation System
Given the unpredictability of storm events and variations in usage, transportation
system demands anticipated for the planning period may become more problematic and may
not be adequately met by the existing system. Planned system improvements both at the
local and intedurisdictional levels must be accelerated. These are discussed in Chapter III,
D., number 25 on page 62.
. The completion and release of the Outer Banks Transportation Study by the North
Carolina Department of Transportation is anticipated in 1995 and should address, or
recommend further study to address, transportation system needs and improvements.
6. Housing and Accommodations
The demand for housing and accommodations anticipated for the planning will be
met by existing initiative based upon market demands. However, it is anticipated that
competition for existing stock will increase.
7. Economy
The Town will continue to rely on tourism as its main industry throughout the
planning period. There may be pressure from the commercial sector to re-examine land use
policies and the Town's approach to land use planning.
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1
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III. LAND USE ISSUES,
BACKGROUND, POLICIES, AND
STRATEGIES FOR AND TIMING OF
IMPLEMENTATION
MRT%9414.RPT

III. LAND USE ISSUES, BACKGROUND, POLICIES, AND STRATEGIES FOR AND
TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
A. Introduction
' Statements of local policy on land use issues which will affect Kitty Hawk during the
ten-year planning period (1994-2004) follow. The issues have been grouped under five
general headings:
' • Resource Protection Issues;
• Resource Management Issues;
• Economic and Community Development Issues;
• Citizen Participation; and,
• Natural Hazards.
' Following generally the guidelines set forth in part .0203 Policy Statements, as found
in Section .0200 - Land Use Plan, of Subchapter 7B-Land Use Planning Guidelines of the
' North Carolina Administrative Code (October 1989), the Town considered various policy
alternatives and implementation strategies before selecting the several policies that follow.
In addition, some issues that are typically associated with one or more of the five issue
groups above were reviewed and deemed not applicable or relevant to or in Kitty Hawk.
Some issues, typically associated with resource protection, are not deemed applicable
or relevant at this time or are .discussed generally elsewhere in this Update. Specific
policies for the following are not included in this URdat
1
1
• Development of Sound and Estuarine System Islands;
• Water Supply Areas And Other Water With Special Values;
• Protection of Potable Water Supply;
• Outstanding Resource Waters; and,
• Man -Made Hazards.
The Town considers the following issues, typically associated with resource
management, as not applicable or relevant at this time and specific policies are not included
in this ate:
• Productive Agricultural Lands;
• Commercial Forest Lands;
• Peat or Phosphate Mining's Impact on Any Resource;
• Trawling Activities In Estuarine Waters, and,
• Development Impacts on Any Resource.
I
MRT\9414.RPT
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1

I .
Similarly, the following issues, typically associated with economic and community
development, are not considered applicable or relevant at this time and specific policies are
not included in this ate:
• Port Facilities; and,
• Military Facilities.
B. Resource Protection Issues
yNkm`.-
I
BACKGROUND
The on -site disposal of septic tank effluent is a common soils problem in Kitty
Hawk. Using existing septic tank technology, many wet and/or impermeable soils
in the area are severely limited in their ability to accommodate effluent in a safe
and sanitary manner. In some dry soils, such as dune sand, the soil is too
permeable to accommodate effluent, leading to the pollution of ground waters and
adjacent estuarine waters. Using existing technology, it is difficult and/or
expensive to overcome these limitations in a way that is not damaging to the
environment. When local officials know these problems exist, they can deal with
them by adopting appropriate requirements for development, such as minimum lot
sizes. Then, proper technical adjustments and innovations can often make
development environmentally acceptable.
Nearly all of the homes and businesses in Kitty Hawk rely on septic tank and
drainfield systems to treat and dispose of wastewater. While under good
conditions, such systems are perfectly adequate. Kitty Hawk's natural
environment presents enough hazards to the proper functioning of septic systems
that their use must be carefully monitored. As noted earlier, most of the soils in
the Town of Kitty Hawk are not well -suited for septic tanks and drainfields.
Periodic high water tables in certain areas can block the proper percolation of
wastewater throughout the soil and can lead to the contamination of estuarine
waters. - In addition, placing septic systems too close to wells creates a threat to
human health. The Dare County Health Department is responsible for overseeing
and permitting the use of septic systems in Kitty Hawk. The Health Department
uses standards adopted by the State of North Carolina as contained in Laws and,.
Rules for Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems by the Department of
Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Health.
These standards cover the design and location of septic tanks and drainfields.
They are currently deemed adequate to meet Kitty Hawk's needs and concerns.
I
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WRT\9424.RPT - 34

' Some localities in North Carolina have entered into agreements with District
Health Departments to establish a "management entity" for the regular inspection
and maintenance of septic systems using drainage tiles that serve new subdivisions
containing ten or more lots. The Health Department inspects each such system
and the property owner pays a fee to cover inspection costs as well as those for
' maintenance work.
SOURCES: Land Use Plan Kitty Hawk North Carolina 1989 and Laws and Rules
' for Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems, North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, April, 1993.
' POLICY
The Town supports the proper installation of septic tank systems and the
' strict application of State septic tank installation and use standards by the
Dare County Health Department as it approves and monitors such
installations.
tSTRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will refer developers and builders to the Laws and Rules for
Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems on a case by case basis.
'
• The Town will rely on the North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health, and Natural Resources Division of Environmental Health for guidance
and clarification concerning laws and rules for sewage treatment and disposal
systems on a case by case basis.
'
• The Town will rely on the Dare County Health Department to site and inspect
septic tank systems on a case by case basis.
'
• The Town will enforce Chapter 19, Subdivisions, of the Kitty Hawk Town
Code on a daily or case by case basis.
'
• The Town will study the feasibility and statutory authority during Fiscal Year
1995-96 for adopting local restrictions to limit the number of occupants of
rental properties.
'
• The Town will study the feasibility of amending applicable chapters of the
Kitty Hawk Town Code during Fiscal Year 1996-97 to limit septic tank
'
effluent infiltration into wetlands and channels.
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WRT\9414.RPT - 35 -

n
BACKGROUND
In Kitty Hawk, these areas are covered under existing CAMA regulations. Areas
of environmental concern are discussed in detail in this Update in Chapter II, B.,
8, c. , page 22.
Dredging activities in AECs have been the focus of much discussion. In coastal
wetlands, dredging for boating access is allowed through a coastal wetlands
fringe. The Division of Coastal Management has allowed dredging a 12 foot wide
channel through as much as 80 feet of coastal wetlands. Primary Nursery Areas
(PNAs) or Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAVs) are the areas in coastal waters
that are the most desirable for most of the State's fish to breed, feed, and find
safety. In 1989, the CAMA permit regulations did not allow new dredging at all
nor maintenance dredging except for existing marinas in PNA's or significant
stands of SAVs. Since then, the regulations were changed to allow maintenance
dredging in PNAs and significant stands of SAVs for man-made canals and basins
as well as existing marinas.
The waters of Ginguite Creek (Jean Guite Creek or High Bridge Creek) are
designated a Primary Nursery Area by the NC Division of Marine Fisheries.
Stands of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation are found throughout the waters of Kitty
Hawk Bay according to work funded through the Albemarle -Pamlico Estuarine
Study (APES).
With respect to the construction of piers and docks in AECs, CAMA rules allow
private piers and docks to extend up to 1/3 across a water body, allocating 1/3 of
the water body on each side to private piers and docks and leaving the remaining
1/3 of the width of the water body to use by the public. Also, CAMA rules allow
piers and docks to extend at least 200 feet long even though the average length of
existing piers and docks may be less than that length (whether or not as the result
of restrictive convenants).
Road improvements that occur in Public Trust Waters AECs have been discussed.
All navigable waters in Kitty Hawk are public trust waters. When the NC
Department of Transportation makes road improvements that include bridge
replacements, they have the option of putting in a new bridge or placing culverts
in the water body to assure continued water flow and filling over the culverts.
Development within 75 feet of an Estuarine Shoreline requires CAMA
authorization. Structures can be built immediately up against a shoreline with no
setback under the CAMA regulations, but the Town does have a setback
requirement.
1
WRT\9414.RPT - 36 - I

IPOLICY
' The Town supports the guidelines of the Coastal Area Management Act and
the associated policies of the Coastal Resources Commission but reserves the
right to review and oppose sections of the CAMA or its implementation that
' may be deemed contrary to the Town's land use policies and development
preferences.
'
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will be represented at Coastal Resources Commission meetings and
'
workshops and will participate in discussions and public hearings concerning
issues relevant to the.Town's_ interests as opportunities are presented and
issues arise.
'
BACKGROUND
a. Freshwater Swamps And Marshes
'
In Kitty Hawk, these areas are covered under existing CAMA or U.S. Army
'
Corps of Engineers' regulations.
Some freshwater swamps and marshes are thought to exist but are not ma
P g PPS.
One example, the "Penny Toler Ditch," apparently starts somewhere in the
Beach Residential (BR-3) zoning district, continues south past Kitty Hawk
Road, crosses Moor Shore Road, and empties into Kitty Hawk Bay. How far
'
from the mouth is brackish is not known. There are other "guts" or streams
where the same information is not known.
b. Maritime Forests
There are over 1,000 acres of maritime forest located in Kitty Hawk. The
Town has concluded the purchase of 461 acres and a conservation group is
'
negotiating for another 115 acres. A conservation district will be established
and mapped. The balance of the maritime forest has zoning requirements to
'
protect the sensitve environment.
c. Pocosins And 404 Wetlands
has "404
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers jurisdiction over Wetlands" as
provided by Section 404 of the Federal Clean Water Act. The Corps of
'
Engineers often allows filling of "404 Wetlands" in exchange for the creation
I
WRT\9414.RPT - 37 -

of comparable amounts of wetlands elsewhere. This was the case in the
Shoreside Center project. Also, the Corps administers a Nationwide Permit
program for the fill of typically small amounts of "404 Wetlands" (less than
one acre).
The location of "404 Wetlands" is determined as a part of site plan
applications. The Corps verifies the information presented by applicants.
POLICY
The Town supports CAr4A regulations as applicable and also the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers in its enforcement of regulations pertaining to
"404 Wetlands" with the exception of the Corps' allowance of mitigation
measures to be undertaken on sites outside of Town when filling is allowed
within the Town. It also supports public and private efforts to preserve
and protect the maritime forest.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will enforce Chapter 19, Subdivisions, of the Kitty Hawk
Town Code on a daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will monitor development proposals for compliance with
Section 404 of the Federal Clean Water Act on a case by case basis.
• The Town will enforce Chapter 16, Soil Erosion and Sedimentation
Control, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code on a daily or case by case
basis.
• The Town will monitor the development and implementation of the
pending Section 401 Surface Water and Wetland Standards to be
administered by the North Carolina Environmental Management
Commission.
• The Town will seek State technical assistance and funding to study and
prepare a management plan for the maritime forest in Fiscal Year
1995-96.
• The Town will continue to support and assist State, Federal, and
private organizations in their respective efforts to preserve and protect
the maritime forest.
WRT\9414.RPT - 38 -

I
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WRT\9414.RPT
Package treatment plants are gaining popularity in North Carolina's coastal
communities. Such plants are usually constructed and maintained by developers
to service commercial developments, residential subdivisions, and condominium
projects. Currently, there is one such plant in Kitty Hawk. The plant, with a
capacity of 30,000 gallons per day, serves the Shoresider Center, a retail
development which includes a Wal-Mart store and specialty shops. Larger
package treatment plants are being proposed by other developers.
Unless a package treatment plant is properly maintained and continuously
monitored, it can easily break down, inconvenience the property owners who
depend on it, and threaten public health. An improperly managed plant can also
become a financial liability to the Town if. the developer or homeowners abdicate
responsibility for operating it. The Town of Kitty Hawk will control this problem
by requiring that developers and homeowners' associations enter financial and
legally binding agreements to assure that package treatment plants will be properly
managed and maintained.
The Town has enacted stringent rules governing the installation and use of
package treatment plants.
POLICY
The Town discourages the use of package treatment plants.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will enforce and amend, as necessary, Chapter 20, Zoning, of the
Kitty Hawk Town Code on a daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will apply and enforce locally adopted rules governing the
installation and use of package treatment plants within its borders.
• The Town will study and adopt, as necessary, additional rules to regulate the
installation and use of package treatment plants during the planning period.
• The Town, on a case by case basis, will rely on permitting agencies to
discourage package treatment plant use where possible.
- 39 -

WRT\9414.RPT
:;::::::::::::,.,>::::::.:.»»:.»_::.;,:. • ------------ - -- ----------- --- -------------------------------------- -------------------------
BACKGROUND
'
The Town currently experiences nuisance flooding when there is a storm of an
intensity that occurs on the average of once every two years. The Town currently
experiences more serious but still relatively minor flooding problems when there
'
are storms of greater intensity occurring on the average of once every five to ten
years. Major flooding would occur in the event of intense rainfall or hurricane.
'
Rapid stormwater removal and prevention of pollution from the stormwater are in
some ways competing goals so it is challenging to devise satisfactory solutions to
the combined problem. Unchecked stormwater runoff would pollute the estuaries.
'
Stormwater systems that would effectively relieve flooding could pollute even
more severely than unchanneled runoff since they could allow the water to flow at
a rapid enough rate for it to carry a maximum amount of sediment and chemical
'
pollutants directly to the coast.
The Town has historically supported programs and rules intended for protection of
'
the estuarine and oceanic water quality. The Town supports State Coastal Area
Management Program guidelines and the State Coastal Area Management Act
for
'
goals water quality protection.
POLICY '
The Town supports the mitigation of adverse impacts associated with
stormwater runoff within Town limits. ,
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will enforce Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code on '
a daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will enforce Chapter 19, Subdivision, of the Kitty Hawk Town t
Code on a daily or case by case basis.
• The. Town will consult its 1994 Land Use Plan Update as development '
proposals are reviewed.
• The Town will seek grant monies from the State to prepare a stormwater '
management plan in Fiscal Year 1996-97.

F
'' • The Town will study the feasibility and statutory authority in Fiscal Year
1995-96 for requiring buffer areas along shorelines.
BACKGROUND
'
Marinas are allowed in Kitty Hawk as conditional uses in the Village Commercial
2 and 3 zoning districts. A substantial portion of land in these zoning districts is
'
wetlands. Only one marina has been built in Town and it is in the Village
Commercial 3 zoning district with a channel that requires dredging to Kitty Hawk
Bay. There does not appear to be enough high ground in Town for a marina.
'
Some localities in coastal North Carolina address the issue of floating homes
through zoning regulations by defining what a floating home is and permitting
their use only in permitted commercial marinas. Extending the town limits or
'
extraterritorial jurisdiction out in the water gives a town the ability to apply
zoning there.
' POLICY
The Town supports the construction and operation of properly permitted
' marinas but does not support the location of floating homes or dry stack
storage facilities within its borders or its Extraterritorial Jurisdiction (ETJ)
area.
' STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will enforce Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code on
a daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will study the development of ordinances or ordinance amendments
to regulate floating homes, dry. stack storage facilities, and the mooring of .
vessels in public trust waters and will rely on CAMA permitting regulations
and land use plan consistency review in the interim.
BACKGROUND
There are no areas in Town currently zoned for industrial uses or development,
although at least two parcels are or have been used for industrial activities.
POLICY
The Town supports the protection of fragile areas and measures to mitigate
potential adverse effects of industrial uses.
WRT\9414.RPT - 4 1 -

STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will implement and participate in the CAMA Minor Permit
Program on a daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will enforce Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code on
a daily or case by case basis.
Existing State and Local regulations are deemed adequate to restrict development
within these areas.
POLICY
The Town supports the restriction of development within areas up to five feet
above mean high water susceptible to sea level rise and wetland loss.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will enforce Chapter 8, Flood Damage Prevention, of the KftjY
Hawk Town Code on a daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will continue to participate in the National Flood Insurance
Program throughout the five-year planning period.
BACKGROUND
There has not been a great deal of activity or interest in this issue. There does
not appear to be enough high ground in Town for a marina utilizing a dredged
basin.
POLICY
The Town supports properly permitted excavation of upland areas for marina
basin development.
WRT\9414.RPT - 42

' STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will enforce Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code on
a daily or case by case basis.
' ;:F4!;w j;:jiN.Vli<,NWi:FINk: jir!!:W1hMiKfM1M;:iF1FFM;MN411i!H4\411{
BACKGROUND
This issue has not generated a great deal of controversy in Kitty Hawk,
particularly since properly aligned and constructed estuarine bulkheads have
proven successful in stabilizing the sound shore.
POLICY
' The Town supports the construction of properly permitted estuarine
bulkheads.
iSTRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
L
11.
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WRT\9414.RPT
• The Town will continue to participate in the CAMA Minor Permit Program
with the Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources on a
daily or case by case basis.
BACKGROUND
The Town and the North Carolina Department of Transportation are developing a
system of sump pump pits and piping at strategic locations between NC 12 and
US 158 to capture and return ocean overwash before it has a chance to flood the
area. The system will be constructed within the planning period.
POLICY
The Town supports the concept of ocean outfall as a means to remove
stormwater from low lying areas.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will cooperate with the NC Department of Transportation as it
designs an ocean outfall in Town during the planning period.
-43-
0

C. Resource Management Issues
BACKGROUND
Kitty Hawk possesses no known minable, mineral resources. Only sand mining is
considered to have some potential in Town. However, sand mining activities
have not been significant. Further, mining activities, particularly of sand, are not
deemed to be compatible with the Town's image as a tourist destination and thus
its economy.
POLICY
The Town does not support mining or mining related activities such as
stockpiling or transfer activities involving mined materials within its borders.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will enforce, and amend as necessary, Chapter 7, Environmental
Control, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code on a daily basis.
• The Town will enforce Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code on
a daily or case by case basis.
BACKGROUND
The Town has significant habitat areas -- the estuarine shoreline and marsh islands
-- which contribute to the support of recreational and commercial fisheries.
Primary Nursery Areas (PNAs) or Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAVs) are the
areas in coastal waters that. are the most desirable for most of the State's fish to
breed, feed and find safety. In 1989, the CAMA permit regulations did not allow
new dredging at all, nor maintenance dredging except for existing marinas in
PNAs or significant stands of SAVs. Since then, the regulations were changed to
allow maintenance dredging in PNAs and significant stands of SAVs for man-
made canals and basins as well as existing marinas.
In 1994, the Town extended its Extraterritorial Jurisdiction (ETJ) to one mile into
the Currituck Sound and amended Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town
Code.
WRT\9414.RPT - 44 -

POLICY
The Town supports the protection of commercial and recreational fisheries,
shellfishing waters, nurseries, and habitat areas and does not support
dredging activities -- except for CAMA permitted maintenance dredging
activities -- in Primary Nursery Areas and areas of Submerged Aquatic
Vegetation.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will, by adopted resolution, on a case by case basis, voice its
opposition to dredging activities allowed by CAMA regulations.
• The Town will enforce its adopted Extraterritional Jurisdiction (ETJ)
regulations as found in Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code.
BACKGROUND
The Town, for safety and environmental reasons, does not allow driving on its
beaches except in certain cases.
POLICY
The Town does not support the use of off -road vehicles within its borders,
nor does it support driving on its beaches, except by emergency vehicles
during emergency situations, by commercial fishermen for setting and
retrieving nets, and during special events approved by Town Council.
STRATEGIES FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will use its local police powers to enforce vehicle operation laws
and beach driving restrictions as a routine, on -going function.
• The Town will enforce Chapter 4, Beaches, Boats, and Waterways, of the
Kitty Hawk Town Code on a daily or case by case basis.
BACKGROUND
The Kitty Hawk Woods Conservation Easement encompasses some 461 acres.
The Town holds title to the lands involved while the State holds the conservation
easement.
WRT\9414.RPT - 45 -

POLICY
The Town supports the preservation, protection, and orderly management of
the Kitty Hawk Woods Conservation Easement.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will seek State assistance and funding to prepare and implement a
management plan in Fiscal Year 1995-96.
• The Town will enforce Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code on
a daily or case by case basis.
D. Economic and Community Development Issues
rz 'des And Location$ #.�f Industries Deszr:
BACKGROUND
Currently, there are no areas zoned for industrial uses or development in Town.
Concern has been expressed for more emphasis to be placed on the recruitment of
non -tourist related, environmentally compatible light industry.
POLICY
The Town does not support the recruitment or siting of traditional, heavy
manufacturing -type industrial development within its borders -- especially off-
shore drilling and support industries -- but does support the recruitment and
siting of non -tourist related, environmentally compatible light industry.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will enforce Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code on
a daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will support the promotion of tourism and season extending events
by the Dare County Tourism Board and the Outer Banks Chamber of .
Commerce on a case by case basis.
• The Town will study amendments to Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk
Town Code to designate permitted uses related to non -tourist related,
environmentally compatible light industry in Fiscal Year 1997-98.
H
7
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WRT\9414.RPT - 46 - I

I
BACKGROUND
Development has traditionally provided improvements or paid for infrastructure
such as streets and water lines based on its needs and impacts to the community.
The Town and Dare County normally extend or enlarge other typical, government
provided, public services to incorporate new development.
POLICY
The Town supports the extension of public water service and road systems to
new developments by the developers of such developments and supports the
provision of other typical public services through its auspices or those of Dare
County.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
0 The Town will enforce Chapter 19, Subdivision, of the Kitty Hawk Town
Code on a daily or case by case basis.
0 The Town will enforce Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code on
a case by case basis.
BACKGROUND
There is strong, Town -wide support for the continuance of adopted policies and
regulations that preservd and promote the Town's development as a low density,
low rise residential beach community. An adequate amount of commercially
zoned land exists to meet the Town's needs for planning period.
POLICY
The Town supports zoning regulations and land use planning concepts that
allow the continuance of its development as a low density, residential beach
community and does not support the rezoning of lands for commercial uses.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
' • The Town will enforce Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code on
a daily or case by case basis.
WRT\9414.RPT - 47 -
1 .0
I

• The Town will enforce Chapter 19, Subdivisions, of the Kitty Hawk Town
Code on a daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will consult its 1994 Land Use Plan Update as development
proposals are reviewed.
• The Town Planning Board will review zoning districts and regulations, the
land classification system and map, and other land use regulations as may be
applicable to gauge whether or not such tools are insuring that the desired
development pattern is or will be achieved. The Planning Board's review will
be conducted during the Town's annual budget cycle.
BACKGROUND
As the Town approaches build out, redevelopment activities are expected to
increase. Also, there are a number of cases of non -conforming or
"grandfathered" uses in developed areas.
POLICY
The Town supports redevelopment of developed areas only after the review of
any redevelopment plans for consistency with the Town's land use plan and
development regulations.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will review all redevelopment plans for consistency with the 19944
Land Use Plan Update.
• The Town will enforce Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code on
a daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will enforce Chapter .19, Subdivisions, of the Kitty Hawk Town
Code on a daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will record and evaluate in Fiscal Year 1995-96 the actual
development on commercially and residentially zoned lands and forecast the
type, potential, and probability of redevelopment activities that may occur on
these lands.
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F
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WRT\9414.RPT - 48 I

' BACKGROUND
The Town has generally supported, but has reserved the right to oppose, specific
' State and Federal programs and regulations.
POLICY
' The Town supports interaction with State and Federal legislators and State
and Federal agencies concerning their respective programs and supports -- or
' in some cases does not support -- those State and Federal programs as
specified in the various policy statements contained in this Update.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will have representatives attend public hearings and meetings
' wherein State and Federal rules and policies are discussed as opportunities are
presented.
:• .: •:::... ::ru.,•:rxx:::.. ..,>:•:F::•::••::•::.vNn:•::;;::rf?:: :;n:•;v :< <•N:•;: :;::<:^;;::•>:•.
BACKGROUND
There is serious and continuous beach erosion in Kitty Hawk and many beach
front cottages have been lost. Similarly, erosion threatens portions of NC 12.
The relocation of threatened beach cottages is generally encouraged by the Town.
The Town generally supports the study of beach renourishment programs if
funded by State and Federal grant monies in lieu of the expenditure of ad valorem
'
tax monies. The Town does not provide any borrow and spoil areas nor does it
provide work easements or support dredging activities.
'
POLICY
' The Town supports the current State and Federal funded study of a beach
nourishment program but does not support the expenditure of ad valorem tax
monies to finance nourishment measures that may be recommended. The
' Town does not support the provision of borrow and spoils areas or work
easements for channel maintenance or dredging activities.
1
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VRT\9414.RPT - 49
1

STRATEGY FOR AND .TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will seek grant monies for beach renourishment programs if such
programs are deemed compatible with the Town's land use policies and
development preferences.
a. Electric Generating Plants
There is one electric generating plant in Kitty Hawk as well as transmission
lines and a storage area. The Town does not favor the location of additional
facilities such as these within its borders.
b. Inshore and Outer Continental Shelf Exploration
The Town considers the potential of off -shore drilling an important
environmental issue. Such activity would be incompatible to the desires of the
Town and its established tourist and fishing industries. The preservation of
natural and public trust areas -- all particularly dependent upon uninterrupted
ocean and groundwater of the highest quality -- is particularly important to the
Town. The Town is clear and unified in its opposition to inshore or outer
continental shelf exploration. Similarly, the Town does not want refineries,
storage facilities, or transhipment. facilities within, or adjacent to, its borders
for environmental reasons and the potential adverse impact accidents at such
facilities pose to the fragile barrier island ecological system.
POLICY
The Town does not support the placement of additional electric generating
plants within its borders nor does it support inshore or outer continental
shelf exploration or the placement of refineries, storage facilities, or
transhipment facilities within its borders or adjacent thereto.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will monitor the activities of firms or groups, as situations
arise, that would promote inshore or outer continental shelf exploration
or the placement of refineries, storage facilities, or transhipment
facilities within its borders or adjacent thereto.
WRT\9414.RPT - 50 -

n
• The Town will oppose any off -shore exploration for energy sources
through lobbying efforts and the adoption of local regulations as
necessary on a case by case basis.
• The Town will oppose the siting of public and multi -service energy
facilities in the Town through lobbying efforts and the adoption of local
regulations as necessary on a case by case basis.
Tourism is the basic industry in Kitty Hawk. As the year-round population
continues to grow, the seasonal population surge becomes greater each year. A
service economy has also developed and a number of community leaders have
begun a program to sponsor "season extender" special events that are scheduled
just prior to or shortly after the traditional tourist season. These events will help
keep the service economy operational for a month or two longer. Support for
tourism and season extending events continues to be strong in the Town.
POLICY
The Town supports tourism and the recognition of tourism as an industry by
State and Federal authorities. It also supports season extending events that
are deemed to promote and enhance the Town's image.
' STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
' • The Town will investigate the concept and promotion of ecotourism and its
relevance to Kitty Hawk and report findings during Fiscal Year 1995-96.
' • The Town will request that the North Carolina Department of Transportation
and the Virginia Department of Transportation place Kitty Hawk's name and
the mileage to its Town Hall on their respective highway mileage signs
' approaching the Town during Fiscal Year 1995-96.
• The Town will support the efforts of the Outer Banks Chamber of Commerce
' and the Dare County Tourism Board on a case by case basis to promote
season extending events for those events the Town deems proper and worthy.
::::::::::::::::::::::::.,
' BACKGROUND
Currently, there are thirteen coastal water beach accesses, one regional estuarine
' water beach access, and a boat ramp to serve Kitty Hawk's citizens and visitors.
A Town beach and parking lot are provided as well.
I
WRT\9414.RPT
- 51 -

POLICY
The Town supports State and Dare County funding for the provision,
improvement, and maintenance of coastal and estuarine water beach accesses.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will seek grant monies from the State or lobby Dare County
officials to provide, improve, or maintain coastal and estuarine water beach
accesses as needs are identified.
Mft Kc ' -6IiM
The Town desires to remain a low density, residential beach community.
POLICY
The Town supports the use of adopted zoning regulations, subdivision and
development requirements, and land use planning concepts that will ensure
that the types, densities, and locations of anticipated residential development
and necessary support services are consistent with the existing low density,
low rise residential character of the Town.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will enforce Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code on
a daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will enforce Chapter 19, Subdivisions, of the Kitty Hawk Town
Code on a daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will consult its 1994 Land Use Plan Update as development.
proposals are reviewed.
n
MRT\9414.RPT - 52 - I

I
WRT\9414.RPT
BACKGROUND
The Kitty Hawk Town Council, at its discretion, changes the tax rate as
necessary to meet the cost of delivering governmental services.
The Outer Banks Chamber of Commerce is active in business recruitment and
retention activities.
POLICY
The Town supports the retention of existing commercial development
through the efforts of the Outer Banks Chamber of Commerce. It also
supports the location of commercial and service firms and environmentally
compatible, non -tourist related, light industrial firms in the Town as long
as such firms are compatible with the character of existing development
and are cognizant of the Town's desire to remain a low density, residential
beach community.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will enforce Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town
Code on a daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will cooperate with the Outer Banks Chamber of Commerce
with respect to business recruitment and retention on a daily or case by
case basis.
BACKGROUND
There is some support in Kitty Hawk for the use of special tax districts to
provide funding for the delivery of special services.
POLICY
The Town supports the concept of special tax districts to collect revenue to
offset the cost of the delivery of special services in such areas on a case by
case basis.
- 53 -

STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will investigate the concept and establishment of special tax
districts and the feasibility of their use in Kitty Hawk and report
findings during Fiscal Year 1996-97.
BACKGROUND
The Kitty Hawk Town Council, on April 5, 1993, took no action on a
resolution sponsored by Dare County, Nags Head, and Kill Devil Hills to
restrict menhaden boats.
POLICY
The Town does not support the restriction of menhaden boats in the
waters off Kitty Hawk.
1�
1
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION '
• The Town will adhere to its stated position against restricting menhaden
boats on a daily or case by case basis. '
BACKGROUND
The Town continually reviews, and revises as necessary, its sign ordinance.
Efforts have been made by the Town to enhance ordinance enforcement and to
close loopholes dealing with portable signs and internally lit signs.
POLICY
The Town supports the proper installation of approved signs within its
borders.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will enforce Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town
Code on a daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will enforce the provisions of Ordinance No. 91-14, Signs,
of the Kitty Hawk Town Code on a daily or case by case basis.
WRT\9414.RPT - 54 -

BACKGROUND
' The Town is intent on preserving its coast guard architectural style theme and
improving the aesthetic appeal it holds for residents and visitors. Some
' concern has been voiced by Town leaders regarding the increased placement
of metal buildings along U.S. 158.
IPOLICY
' The Town supports private, local, State, and Federal efforts and
regulations that help to preserve and maintain the Town's appearance. It
also supports the concept of a community appearance theme.
' STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will develop a position paper outlining its desires for
maintaining its established community theme as a low density, low rise
residential beach community with coast guard station style architecture
' predominant by the end of Fiscal Year 1997-98.
• The Town will seek funding through the State to landscape the
' "gateways" into Town along U.S. 158 during Fiscal Year 1995-96.
• The Town will study the creation of an architectural overlay district as
' an amendment to Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code
during Fiscal Year 1997-98.
• The Town will participate in beach clean-ups on an annual basis.
• The Town will encourage the North Carolina Department of
' Transportation to maintain litter free rights -of -way on a case by case
basis.
• The Town will study the creation of an architectural review board
during Fiscal Year 1997-98.
' • The Town will encourage the Adopt a Highway Program through the
North Carolina Department of Transportation on a case by case basis.
' • The Town will enforce Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town
Code on a daily or case by case basis.
' WRT\9414.RPT - 55 -

• The Town will enforce Chapter 19, Subdivisions, of the. Kitty Hawk
Town Code on a daily or case by case basis. "
• The Town will consult its 1994 Land Use Plan URdate as development
proposals are reviewed.
BACKGROUND
This is an issue primarily because of the tourist related littering. The Town
picks up the trash at its beach accesses but attention needs to be given to
cottage rentals.
Citizens, Planning Board members, and professional staff have discussed the
need for more action regarding roadside and beach litter. Programs such as
"Adopt -a -Road" or "Adopt -a -Beach" have been suggested.
POLICY
The Town supports local and State litter control and removal programs,
the enforcement of applicable legal measures, and the expenditure of
Town funds in certain cases to control and remove litter.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will continue to maintain litter receptacles at beach accesses
on an as needed basis.
• The Town will develop and disseminate information concerning refuse
collection, refuse disposal, and litter related regulations through real
estate sales and rental agencies during Fiscal Year 1995-96.
• The Town will appoint a Community Appearance Committee during
Fiscal Year 1995-96. The Committee's charge will be to establish
guidelines and procedures for community appearance awards and to
conduct studies and make recommendations addressing problems of
litter on beaches and along roads.
• The Town will promote an "Adopt -a -Beach" program and educate the
public through local media concerning community appearance needs.
• The Town will consider locating additional recycling containers at
beach accesses and the installation of roadside litter receptacles.
r
WRT\9414.RPT
-56-
1

1
• The Town will study and report findings on the techniques, feasibility,
and costs of instituting and implementing a year-round recycling
program in 1994-95.
BACKGROUND
The Town has adopted, but has not fully implemented, Chapter 13, Parks and
Recreation, of the Kitly Hawk Town Code. Renewed interest in the public
provision of recreational facilities has been identified by some Town leaders.
'
The Town has been opposed to carnival and amusement park type of uses,
rides and activities and so stated in the previous Land Use Plan.
'
POLICY
The Town supports the provision of traditional recreational facilities
'
within its borders; but does not support, promote, or encourage outdoor
uses such as (but not limited to) amusement parks, carnivals and carnival
rides, or go-cart, motorcycle, or terrain vehicle tracks or any other similar
uses.
Outdoor uses should be of low intensity and should utilize the natural
terrain as much as possible without the addition of tracks, mechanized
facilities or structures necessary for the conduct of the use.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING FOR IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will review, amend, and implement Chapter 13, Parks and
Recreation, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code during Fiscal Year 1995-96.
BACKGROUND
Established in 1981, a professional police force provides Police protection to
the Town. Currently, the force is comprised of 13 officers and a fleet of 15
' vehicles.
Dare County provides emergency medical services to Kitty Hawk through a
paid force of 72 Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT). These include 39
Paramedics, 33 Advanced/Intermediate EMT's, and one Basic EMT. Eight
' ambulances and one Emergency Medical Services helicopter are available to
serve Dare County.
' Firefighting services are provided to the Town under contract with the
35-member Kitty Hawk Volunteer Fire Department. In 1994, the
Department's first full-time paid chief was hired. Some long range and short
' term goals include: increasing membership of those providing emergency
I
WRT\9414.RPT - 57 -

services to 40 and adding 10 persons to a support group for a total roster of
50 within the next five years; beginning a first responder program to increase
the level of emergency medical services currently being provided to the
'
citizens of Kitty Hawk and decrease response times to areas of the village,
west of U.S. 158; and, increase the career staff of the fire department to assist
the Chief in fire prevention inspections and general maintenance and upkeep of
'
equipment and apparatus in the Department. There are currently 8 members
who have attained Firefighter Certification Level I and 3 who have attained
Level H. There are 12 members that are either Certified Emergency Medical
'
Technicians or are First Responders. The Department also has a Junior
Firefighter Program for individuals ages 14 to 17 years. Currently, there are
8 youths in the program which has a total of 12 slots. The Department's
'
training program is extensive and in depth, providing the best possible and up
to date training available. The Department has 3 engines, 1 tanker, and
miscellaneous equipment at it's disposal to use during emergency incidents. In
'
addition, the Department provides assistance at automobile accidents as well as
extrication and operates at the Operations Level during hazardous material
incidents. As previously noted, the Department is in the process of acquiring
'
land for a satellite station.
The Beach Central Communications System makes it possible for those in '
need to dial 9-1-1 to report the need for police, fire, or emergency medical
assistance to a central dispatcher. The system, funded as a part of the Dare
County budget, operates from headquarters in the Dare County Detention
Center in Manteo.
POLICY '
The Town supports the provision of public safety services through its
police department, Dare County agencies, State and Federal agencies, and
the Kitty Hawk Volunteer Fire Department.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• On a daily, or case by case basis, the Town will:
- seek extra -territorial jurisdiction;
- continue to seek parking solutions along NC 12 and adjacent streets;
'
- continue cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Justice
and the North Carolina Association of Police Chiefs in the
development and implementation of appropriate performance
'
standards;
- support the provision of an upgraded emergency communication
system;
,
- continue to have a volunteer fire department;
- continue to use the "Fire Suppression Rating Schedule"
administered by the North Carolina Insurance Commission to obtain
'
the lowest possible fire insurance rating for Kitty Hawk;
WRT\9414.RPT - 58 - I

- work with the Kitty Hawk Volunteer Fire Department and Dare
County to assure that all fire hydrants are properly maintained,
regularly flushed, and clearly marked at the site for quick
identification both day and night;
- seek the cooperation of the County and State Department of
Transportation in the installation of a working fire hydrant, which is
'
accessible to equipment, on the site of the Aycock Brown Welcome
Center on US 158 and NC 12;
- review the appropriate ordinances to assure that fire hydrants are
readily accessible for fire fighting equipment based on accessibility,
not just straight line mathematical distances, and make code
amendments where necessary which provides better fire protection;
'
- pay particular attention to access problems for the west side of US
158 because of the location of the fire hydrants on the east side;
- seek grant assistance appropriate for the installation of "dry"
hydrants in those locations where natural water is available to
supplement the water line hydrants;
'
- continue to support Beach Central Communications System and seek
ways to improve, when necessary, electronic communications;
- continue to support "mutual aid" with other fire departments;
'
- continue to use the expertise of the Kitty Hawk Volunteer Fire
Department in the development of policies, ordinance amendments
and appropriate site development matters;
'
- encourage Dare County, by adopted resolution in Fiscal Year 1995-
96, to provide fire hydrants on the west side of US 158; and,
- investigate the acquisition of ramps to facilitate vehicular movement
'
along US 158 in Fiscal Year 1995-96. The ramps will be used
during fire fighting activities to allow vehicles to pass over fire
hoses which may be extended across the travel lanes of the
highway.
BACKGROUND
ND
�_
First Flight Middle School, which serves Kitty Hawk residents, opened in the
1991-92 school year. The school is located on the Baum Tract in Kill Devil
Hills. Dare County continues to plan for a new high school which is
supported by the Town.
' POLICY
The Town supports the provision of quality educational opportunities and .
facilities to its residents through the auspices of the Dare County School
Board.
1
MRT\9414.RPT - 59 -

STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will monitor the activities and policies of the Dare County
School Board and make the School Board aware of any concerns the
Town may have with respect to educational opportunities and facilities
by adopted resolution on a case by case basis.
BACKGROUND
Kitty Hawk was formed to prevent annexation by adjoining towns. There
continues to be discussion about consolidating some public services but no
formal agreements have resulted. Kitty Hawk presently provides services by
agreement with other municipalities or commercial sources when it can obtain
satifactory performance at less cost than providing that service internally.
POLICY
The Town will not consider consolidation of its existing governmental
functions, agencies or services with those of any other governmental entity
unless a detailed study of the function shows that its consolidation will
provide a better service at a lesser cost and will still reflect the distinctive
image of Kitty Hawk that is expressed in its Land Use Plan.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will enter into discussions with other governmental entities
geared toward further consolidation of its existing governmental
functions when those discussions include detailed study and review of
the subject function and its impact on Kitty Hawk.
BACKGROUND
Electrical facilities and service are provided to Town residents by North
Carolina Power. There is public support for the placement of all utility lines
underground.
POLICY
The Town supports the provision of adequate electrical distribution
facilities within its borders so long as such facilities are installed and
maintained in a manner that does not negatively impact the existing low
density, low rise residential beach character of the Town and are placed
underground.
11
WRT\9414.RPT - 60 - I

STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATI
'
• The Town will monitor the activities and policies of North Carolina
Power regarding the placement of electrical distribution and generation
facilities on an as needed basis.
'
• The Town will consider adoption of an ordinance within the next five
years to require underground utilities for new construction and
'
substantial improvements to existing structures.
1 BACKGROUND
' Cable television facilities are provided by Falcon Cable TV.
POLICY
' The Town supports the provision of adequate cable television distribution
facilities within its borders so long as such facilities are installed
' underground and maintained in a manner that does not negatively impact
the existing low density residential character of the Town.
' STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will monitor the activities and policies of Falcon Cable TV
' regarding the placement of cable television distribution facilities on an
as needed basis.
BACKGROUND
' Public water is provided to Town residents through a source and distribution
system managed and maintained by Dare County.
I
WRT\9414.RPT - 61 -

POLICY
The Town supports the provision, by Dare County, of potable water to all
areas within the Town as needed.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will encourage Dare County, by adopted resolution in 1994-
95, to incorporate the looping of water lines where and when applicable
in the Town.
BACKGROUND
The Town has historically opposed the planning or construction of a town -
wide or area -wide public sewer system.
POLICY
The Town does not support the construction of either a town -wide or an
area -wide public sewer system.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will not enter into discussions or negotiations during the
planning period geared toward the construction of either a town -wide or
an area -wide public sewer system.
BACKGROUND
a. Widening of U.S. 158
Plans to widen U.S. 158 are generally criticized by Town leaders who
feel a bottleneck may occur when the proposed six lanes are forced to
merge into two or four lanes at the Wright Memorial Bridge.
b. Thoroughfare Plan
The State continues to develop a Thoroughfare Plan but progress has
been very slow.
WRT\9414.RPT 62

IC. Vehicular Movement
Many small streams in Kitty Hawk are crossed by roads with culverts
utilized to transport the stream underneath the road. Some culverts
along roads in Town cut off navigation upstream and are a source of
concern to Town officials. The Town has historically relied on the
North Carolina Department of Transportation (DOT) to insure that
when replacing bridges or other road crossings that at least the same
'
amount of clearance and thus navigation access be provided by the
replacement structure as was provided by the existing structure.
Questions have arisen as to what might be done when replacement of a
'
culvert structure that currently cuts off navigation upstream is
proposed. The Town has the ability to adopt policies to urge DOT to
provide for some small boat access upstream even when no access
existed originally. This can be accomplished by requiring the provision
'
of a small amount of clearance under any road, say 3 feet. Of course,
on larger streams, if the Town wants to encourage more boat traffic
and land side development, replacement with higher elevation bridges
'
could be required.
' d. Pedestrian Movement
Two pedestrian crossing signals have been installed along U.S. 158.
1 However, more are needed. Also, there is a need for more walking
trails.
I
e. Bicycle Trails
Bicycle trails should be studied and included in the Thoroughfare Plan.
' f. Maintenance
' The Town has limited funds for maintenance of its streets. State roads
are maintained by NC DOT. Powell Bill funds do not cover the
maintenance of all Town streets.
' Beach Road/Lindbergh h Avenue
g• g
' The current concept that Lindbergh Avenue is a viable solution as an
alternative evacuation route instead of the Beach Road has been
' criticized as it becomes impassible during flooding and dedication of
right-of-way has not progressed.
I
MRT\9414.RPT - 63 -
1

WRT\9414.RPT
POLICY I
With respect to the Transportation Systems, the Town:
'
does not support the widening of U.S. 158 to six lanes;
'
• supports the concept of thoroughfare planning by the North
Carolina Department of Transportation if such planning is
conducted in conjunction with Town officials and reflects local
'
needs and development characteristics;
supports the replacement of existing culverts as applicable and
,
necessary with structures that allow upstream navigation;
supports the provision of sidewalks along NC 12 and the installation
'
of additional pedestrian crossing lights along U.S. 158;
supports the provision of properly designed and located bicycle
'
trails through State funding and private initiatives;
supports increased State funding toward the cost of maintenance of
'
all Town streets; and,
does not support evacuation plans that rely on the Beach Road (NC
'
12) and Lindbergh Avenue as alternative evacuation routes in the
event evacuation becomes necessary.
,
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
,
• The Town will go on record by adopted resolution in Fiscal Year 1995-
96 opposing the widening of U.S. 158 to six lanes.
• The Town will review the thoroughfare planning efforts of the North
Carolina Department of Transportation and make its position on same
known to the Department, area legislators, and neighboring localities
'
during Fiscal Year 1995-96, or as soon as the Department submits its
final recommendations.
,
• The Town will submit a written request during Fiscal Year 1994-95 to
the North Carolina Department of Transportation to have the
Department study intersections for additional pedestrian lighting along
'
U.S. 158. Upon review of the Department's findings, the Town may
request additional pedestrian lighting installations.
1
- 64 - I
1

'
• The Town will submit a written request during Fiscal Year 1995-96 to
the North Carolina Department of Transportation to have the
'
Department study the feasibility of providing additional bicycle trails.
• The Town will consider the provision of bicycle trails as it develops
'
plans for the area contained in the Kitty Hawk Woods conservation
easement.
• The Town will submit a written request during Fiscal Year 1995-96 to
'
the North Carolina Department of Transportation, with copies to State
legislators representing the Town, to request additional funding for
'
maintenance of Town streets.
• The Town staff will investigate other sources and methods of funding
'
the maintenance of Town streets and make a report and
recommendations in Fiscal Year 1995-96.
'
• The Town will encourage early evacuation orders during storm events
on a case by case basis.
'
• The Town will not pursue the further dedication of right-of-way along
Lindbergh Avenue as an alternative evacuation route.
'
• The Town will develop a pedestrian movement and bicycle trail master
plan during the planning period.
'
BACKGROUND
Horseback riding is an issue because of attempts to commercialize it and use
'
the beach. The Land Use Plan 1989 did not address this issue. The Kitty
Hawk Town Code allows beach riding with certain restrictions but does not
address the commercialization that has been developing.
The Planning Board discussed this issue and conducted a public hearing on
August 17, 1994. Comments made at the hearing indicated the concern of
Kitty Hawk residents about their continued recreational horseback riding as
'
compared to commercial riding and nonresident usages.
1
I
WRT\9414.RPT - 65
11

'
POLICY
The Town does not support the promotion or encouragement of
,
commercialized horse activities and/or the use of the Town roads and
rights -of -way, lands, and public beaches by non-resident horsepersons.
'
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will enforce Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town
'
Code on a daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will monitor locations where horses are corralled, pastured,
,
or kept to ascertain if commercial boarding of the animals is occurring
and take appropriate legal steps to discontinue such activities on a case
by case basis.
'
• The Town will recognize Kitty Hawk residents non-commercial horse
owners' recreational activities so long as the public safety and welfare
,
are not affected.
U>M
BACKGROUND I
Landfill siting is not a current problem as the Town has concluded a 20-year
contract which does not include any siting in Kitty Hawk. However, if for '
some reason the contract has to be renegotiated, the issue may effect the
Town. The Town opposes the siting of a landfill or transfer point within or
adjacent to its borders. I
POLICY
The Town does not support either the siting of a landfill or a refuse ,
transfer station within its borders.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION '
• The Town will enforce Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town '
Code on a daily or case by case basis.
VRT\9414.RPT

BACKGROUND
The recentlycompleted, Dare Count Tourism Boardsponsored, multi -use
P � Y
center study investigated the market potential and economic feasibility of a
multi -use center to serve Dare County. This study did not invite or include
citizen input as to the desirability of a multi -use center, its impact on the
quality of life of the citizens of Dare, its demands on the infrastructure of the
area, or its effect on the fragile environment of Dare County. It did not
determine the availability, cost, or location of the property required, the
'
funding sources for property acquisition, construction, or operation of the
facility.
The citizens of Kitty Hawk and Dare County have established definite plans,
'
policies, and regulations to identify, develop, protect, and enhance those
qualities of life the citizens desire.
'
The Town Council adopted a resolution on September 6, 1994 urging Dare
County to seek public input via a poll or referendum concerning a multi -use
'
center. In the resolution, Town Council asked Dare County to ascertain
citizens' thoughts and wishes on whether or not to construct a multi -use
center, and if so, its purpose, features, size, and location. Town Council also
'
asked that the fact finding poll or questionnaire include questions on possible
sources of revenue to finance the construction and fund the operating deficit of
the multi -use center.
POLICY
'
The Town supports public participation in the decision process leading to
the planning, financing, siting, purpose, features, construction,
maintenance, and management of public facilities such as the multi -use
'
center.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will continue to make its position on planning for the
proposed multi -use center known to the Dare County Board of
Commissioners through its Town Council and appointed staff as
opportunities are presented.
I
WRT\9414.RPT - 67 -

BACKGROUND
Kitty Hawk is a family oriented beach community intent on preserving its
character.
POLICY
The Town does not support the encouragement or promotion of any
commercial activities which include nudity, semi -nudity, pornographic
materials, mud wrestling, and similar activities.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will enforce, and amend as necessary, Chapter 20, Zoning,
of the Kitty Hawk Town Code, on an as needed or case by case basis.
BACKGROUND
Conflicting uses and activities occuring in or on ocean and sound waters along
Kitty Hawk's borders have caused problems and generated complaints.
Legislation passed in the 1994 short session of the NC General Assembly
allows localities to excercise police power in water bodies along their borders.
The Town, in 1994, amended its ordinances to establish Extraterritorial
Jurisdiction (ETJ) in the Currituck Sound and Kitty Hawk Bay.
POLICY
The Town supports the exercise of legislatively authorized local police
power to separate conflicting water uses and activities in and on the ocean
and sound waters along its borders.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will study and may develop and adopt regulations
concerning uses and activities on and in the ocean waters along its
shores in 1995-96.
• The Town will excercise its Extraterritorial Jurisdiction regulations on
a daily or case by case basis.
F
WRT\9414.RPT - 68 I

I�
BACKGROUND
The point source discharge of wastewater, particularly septic tank effluent, is a
common problem in Kitty Hawk. Infiltration of discharge into wetlands and
channels is the main concern.
The Dare County Health Department is responsible for overseeing and
permitting the use of septic systems in Kitty Hawk. The Health Department
uses standards adopted by the State of North Carolina as contained in Laws
and Rules for Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems by the Department of
Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental
Health.
POLICY
' The Town does not support the point source discharge of wastewater into
the waters of the Currituck Sound, Kitty Hawk Bay, Atlantic Ocean, or
any stream, ditch, canal, or water body(s) within its borders.
' STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
' • The Town will refer developers and builders to the Laws and Rules for
Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems on a case by case basis.
• The Town will rely on the North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health, and Natural Resources Division of Environmental Health for
guidance and clarification concerning laws and rules for sewage
' treatment and disposal systems on a case by case basis.
' • The Town will rely on Dare County Health Department to site and
inspect septic tank systems on a case by case basis.
A The Town will enforce Chapter 19, Subdivisions, of the Kitty Hawk
Town Code on a daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will study the feasibility and statutory authority during
Fiscal Year 1995-96 for adopting local restrictions to limit the number
of occupants of rental properties.
' • The Town will study the feasibility of amending applicable chapters of
the Kitty Hawk Town Code during Fiscal Year 1996-97 to limit septic
' tank effluent infiltration into wetlands and channels.
WRT\9414.RPT

BACKGROUND
Although no sites located in Kitty Hawk are listed on the National Register of
Historic Places, Kitty Hawk's place in aviation history and North Carolina
history are significant indeed. The Wright Brothers camped in Kitty Hawk as
they experimented leading to the first successful airplane flight on nearby Kill
Devil Hill. Kitty Hawk Village is recognized as one of the oldest continuous
settlements on the North Carolina Outer Banks. One of the seven original
U.S. Coast Guard lifesaving stations on the Outer Banks was constructed on
Kitty Hawk beach in 1874. The community's first post office opened in 1878.
The Town is intent on preserving its coast guard architectural style theme and
improving the aesthetic appeal it holds for residents and visitors.
POLICY
The Town supports local identification, recognition, and protection of
cultural and historical resources.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will enforce Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town
Code on a daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will enforce Chapter 19, Subdivision, of the Kitty Hawk
Town Code on a daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will consult its 1994 Land Use Plan Update as development
proposals are reviewed.
• The Town will study the creation of a cultural and historical committee
during Fiscal Year 1997-98 to inventory local historical and culturally
significant sites and make recommendations for regulations and
programs to protect and promote such sites.
• The Town will develop a position paper outlining its desires for
maintaining its established community theme as a low density, low rise
residential beach community with coast guard station style architecture
predominant, by the end of Fiscal Year 1997-98.
J
1
1
u
WRT\9414.RPT - 70 - I

• The Town will study the creation of an architectural overlay district as
an amendment to Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code
during Fiscal Year 1997-98.
' • The Town will study the creation of an architectural review board
during Fiscal Year 1997-98.
E. Citizen Participation
'
BACKGROUND
Rule .0207-Public Participation, Subchapter 7B, of the North Carolina Administrative
'
Code, October 1989, requires localities to:
...employ a variety of educational efforts and participation
techniques to assure that all segments of the community have a full and adequate
'
opportunity to be informed and to effectively participate in planning decision -
making.
Citizen participation in the planning process promotes public education regarding
land use issues, policy development, and regulatory procedures. The Town proceeds
'
from this premise, thereby furthering public education on planning issues while
obtaining citizen input in developing land use plan policy statements and allowing for
continued public participation in the planning process. To ensure that all economic,
social, ethnic, and cultural view points are properly considered in the updating
process, the Town utilizes a variety of public education and citizen participation
strategies including public opinion surveys, direct citizen participation, interest group
'
participation, and media participation.
For this Update the Kitty Hawk Town Council adopted a Citizen Participation Plan
' on November 1, 1993. The Town also solicited citizen participation at Planning
Board meetings using a survey form. See APPENDIX 3.
POLICY
' The Town supports citizen participation in all land use decisions and procedure
development processes and encourages citizen input via its boards, commissions,
and agencies.
' STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will continue to use advertisements in newspapers, radio public service
announcements, and direct mailings to announce meetings and encourage
participation by citizens, interest groups, news media, and other interested parties.
IWRT\9414.RPT - 71 -
u

• Meeting notices will also be posted on bulletin boards and information desks
where appropriate.
• Efforts will be made by Town officials to attend civic club meetings to further
expose the planning process to the public.
• Town Council and Planning Board meeting agendas will continue to include a
public comment item.
F. Natural Hazards
1. Introduction
When a coastal storm confronts a barrier island, the island reacts as a proper
barrier should; it bends to absorb the energy of the storm but it usually does not break to
allow the full force of the storm to reach the mainland. Erosion and flooding are a part of
this process; after the storm, the island recovers and is ready to confront the next storm. It
is only the structures that human beings place on the barrier island that are destroyed or
damaged. It is only in the sense of the built environment that a disaster occurs. In the
natural environment the confrontation is just a part of the ongoing natural process.
It is recognized that living on a barrier island is not without risks. A major risk
is from coastal storms of which there are three types: hurricanes, northeasters, and winter
storms. Tornadoes are also not uncommon especially in conjunction with hurricanes. A
hurricane is a severe tropical cyclone with winds exceeding 74 miles per hour originating in
the tropical regions of the Atlantic Ocean or Caribbean Sea, traveling north, northwest, or
northeast from its point of origin and usually involving heavy rains. Over the past one
hundred years at least forty-six hurricanes have directly affected eastern North Carolina.
The comparative strength of a hurricane is commonly described by using the Saffir/Simpson
Scale which follows as EXHIBIT 2.
EXHIBIT 2
SAFFIR/SIMPSON HURRICANE SCALE WITH
CENTRAL BAROMETRIC PRESSURE RANGES
Central Pressure
Winds
(mph)
Surge
(ft.)
Category
Millibars
Inches
Damage
1
> 980
> 28.94
74-95
4-5
Minimal
2
965-979
28.50-28.91
96-110
6-8
Moderate
3
945-964
27.91-28.47
111-130
9-12
Extensive
4
920-944
27.17-27.88
131-155
13-18
Extreme
5
< 920
< 27.17
> 155
> 18
Castastropic
FL
WRT\9414.RPT - 72 -

The Saffir/Simpson Hurricane Scale assumes an average, uniform coastline for the
continental United States and was intended as a general guide for use by public safety
officials during hurricane emergencies. It does not reflect the effects of varying localized
bathymetry, coastline configuration, barriers, or other factors that can greatly influence the
' surge heights that occur at different locations during a single hurricane event.
A northeaster is a storm or gale from the northeast with strong winds and often
heavy rains. A tornado is a rotating column of air usually accompanied by a funnel -shaped
downward extension of a cumulonimbus cloud whirling at speeds of up to 300 miles per
hour.
' The characteristics of these storms which are of special concern to residents of
Kitty Hawk are high winds and flooding. Flooding is caused by heavy rains, by the rising
' sea level accompanying a low pressure system, by the winds pushing the sea on to the shore
and into the bays and sounds, and then by the retreat of the water from the bays and sounds
onto the back side of the barrier islands. The movement of the water onto and off of the
island, often with great speed and force, erodes the island carrying sand with it when it
leaves the island. This flooding and erosion will be exacerbated by the rise in sea level
expected to result from the global climate change attributed by many to the so-called
"greenhouse effect."
Winds, often of destructive force in and of themselves, are a part of virtually
every coastal storm.
SOURCE: Land Use Plan Kitty Hawk North Carolina 1989.
2. Vulnerability
' The vulnerabilityof Kit Hawk depends a lot on the articular characteristics of
Kitty Pe P
the storm, it's severity, and duration. For example, hurricane winds are more likely to
come in from the ocean but they may come from the sound as well. Tornadoes, once they
have formed, strike almost at random. Northeasters by definition come from the northeast,
' as do most winter storms, but other storms may come from almost any direction. Thus, the
entire Town is vulnerable to destructive winds.
' In addition to hurricanes, tornadoes, and northeasters, Kitty Hawk is becoming
more vulnerable to routine low pressure systems which generate high winds and cause ocean
overwash at high tide because frontal dunes have been lost to erosion. The Town's western
' shores also experience loss of land during times of sustained high westerly winds because
shallow bays and sounds allow waves to build up and erode the shoreline.
' Several efforts have been made to define the areas vulnerable to flooding. Four
are discussed here. Because the techniques used rely on different data and methodology, the
results are not precisely the same but the four do clearly corroborate one another. First, the
WRT\9414.RPT - 73 -

Special Flood Hazard Area (V-Zone) along the ocean, defined by the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA), is expected to be inundated by a 100-year flood (a flood or
storm having a one percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year) and to
be subjected to three or more feet of wave action due to velocity of wind and water. This
area is the same as the area defined by a second effort to plot flooding vulnerability, the
High Hazard Flood Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) defined by the Coastal
'
Resources Commission. In a third effort to plot flood vulnerability, the Coastal Resources
Commission has defined an area in which there is a substantial possibility of significant
erosion, the Ocean Erodible AEC. It is determined by "a distance landward from the first
line of stable natural vegetation to the recession line that would be established by
multiplying the long-term annual erosion rate times 60, provided that, where there has been
no long-term erosion or the rate is less than two feet per year, this distance shall be set at
'
120 feet landward from the first line of stable natural vegetation." A fourth, more
experience based "rule of thumb," originated with Dr. Neil Frank while he was the Director
of the National Hurricane Center. Dr. Frank observed that the most extensive damage
,
caused by a hurricane occurred within 300 feet of the ocean.
When mapped, these four indicators include, by and large, all of the land seaward
of Virginia Dare Trail NC 12. See MAP 3, COMPOSITE HAZARDS MAP. This is the
area of Kitty Hawk that is most vulnerable to the impacts of coastal storms. It is labelled as
Hazard Zone One on MAP 3. This area will be inundated by the surge from any category
of hurricane according to the Eastern North Carolina Hurricane Evacuation Study or the
SLOSH study. This same study described the area to the immediate west of Virginia Dare
Trail and extending to the foot of the dune west of U.S. 158 as subject to a surge from a
Category 3 hurricane. This area is labelled Hazard Zone Two on MAP 3. The dune
referenced, which extends to a line about half a mile from U.S. 158, is reported by the
SLOSH study not to be subject to any surge and is designated a C-Zone, an area of minimal
flooding, by FEMA. It is in the area labelled Hazard Zone Three on MAP 3.
'
The remainder of Kitty Hawk, labelled Hazard Zone Four, with a few exceptions,
has been designated a Special Flood Hazard Area by FEMA which means it will be
inundated by a 100-year food and, according to the SLOSH study, is subject to a surge from
'
even a category -one hurricane. As a point of reference, the floor of the Kitty Hawk Fire
Station is 5.8 feet above mean sea level. The surge height for a Category One hurricane is
estimated by the SLOSH study to be 1.8 feet above mean sea level; 3.2 for a Category 2;
'
4.6 for a Category 3; 6.5 for a Category 4; and, 8.5 for a Category 5. Much of this area is
included within the coastal wetland and estuarine shoreline AEC's.
WRT\9414.RPT 74 '

Thus, all of Kitty Hawk is vulnerable to some aspects of a coastal storm. The
ocean front is perhaps the most vulnerable and the dune the least, but these distinctions are
only relative. A review of MAP 1, EXISTING LAND USE MAP, and MAP 3,
COMPOSITE HAZARDS MAP, shows that Hazard Zone One is almost entirely developed
with single family seasonal houses on quite small lots. The next zone, Hazard Zone Two,
consists of single family dwelling units, some multi -family structures, and commercial
development. It is about 70% developed. Hazard Zone Three, which is the dune area and
perhaps the least vulnerable, is about 60% developed, including a golf course, with single
and multi -family dwelling units. The remaining area, Hazard Zone Four, is developed
along the major roads but is largely undeveloped.
So much of Kitty Hawk is vulnerable to coastal storms that is not possible from
either a legal or practical perspective to preclude development in all hazardous areas.
Almost all construction in the Ocean Erodible AEC is precluded oceanward of the
erosion setback line by the CAMA rules. The remainder of Hazard Zone One, with the
exception of a small area at the northern most end of the zone, is designated for low density
residential use by this Up
, -date and Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code.
The Town uses its police power and legislative initiative and participates with
State and Federal agencies with the goal of diminishing the threat to lives and the tax base
posed by flooding. It strives to make the beach available to more people of the Town and
thus foster the notion that Kitty Hawk is and wants to continue to be a family oriented beach
community. The Town recognizes that some lots fronting on the ocean have or may become
so shallow, because of erosion, that they cannot be built on. Also, the Town encourages
property owners whose structures are threatened by flooding to take advantage of the
Federal Insurance Administration program, offering assistance in moving the structure out of
danger. Wherever possible, the vacated land is acquired by the public through dedication or
purchase.
Hazard Zone Four can, according to the SLOSH Study and the NFIP maps,
expect serious flooding even in the case of a relatively minor hurricane. This area is also
some of the most environmentally sensitive and aesthetically attractive land in Kitty Hawk.
The Town expects that this area, if it develops at all, will develop as low density residential.
The remainder of the Town, Hazard Zone Two and especially Hazard Zone
Three, are less hazardous and are therefore more appropriate for multi -family structures and
commercial uses and appropriate portions have been designated for these purposes.
SOURCE: Land Use Plan Kitty Hawk North Carolina 1989.
3. Mitigation
Kitty Hawk is very vulnerable to the effects of coastal storms. In this sense, the
use of the term hazard is a misnomer in that "hazard" implies "chance" or "accident,"
whereas coastal storms on the Outer Banks are a part of the reality. There is no "if," just
WRT\9414.RPT 7

"when." The question, then, is what can be done to diminish the risk. The answer is '
mitigation. Mitigation means "to make less severe or intense" but it does not mean remove
or obviate. As long as people live on the Outer Banks risk will be present.
a. North Carolina Building Code
It is recognized that structures built on the Outer Banks need to be built to
withstand the many perils of the natural environment including wind, flooding, soil erosion,
erosion of building materials caused by salt air, battering from waves and debris laden flood
waters, etc. The North Carolina Building Code requires that a number of building practices '
be followed in the coastal area.
b. Flood Damage Prevention I
A widely used measure to avoid flood waters is simply to raise the structure
above the expected level of flooding. The National Flood Insurance Program requires, as a '
condition of participation in that program, that the participating jurisdiction require that all
new buildings be so elevated. Kitty Hawk participates in the Flood Insurance Program and
has adopted the required ordinance. Because so much of the Town is subject to flooding, a
great many structures will be elevated. This will provide them with some protection from
flooding, but if the structures are not carefully built to high standards, the elevation may ,
make them more vulnerable to high winds.
4. Evacuation
,
A review of the Evacuation Route Maps of the SLOSH Study make clear the
problem residents will face in attempting to leave the Outer Banks in the face of an
oncoming hurricane. All of the evacuees from Ocracoke to Corolla must leave by one of
two bridge systems, and even once they cross the bridges, they must face the traffic in
adjacent counties.
'
Two of the more significant bottlenecks in the evacuation network occur on U.S.
158 on the northern border of Kitty Hawk. One bottleneck occurs at the Wright Brothers
Memorial Bridge and the other at the intersection with Duck Road (S.R. 1203). The State is
currently adding an additional two-lane bridge beside the existing Wright Memorial Bridge
on U.S. 158 and is considering a bridge connecting Duck with the mainland.
In North Carolina, public shelters may be designated and operated by the
American Red Cross or by the County Department of Social Services. According to the
'
SLOSH study, there are no shelters operated by the Red Cross in Dare County.
5. Reconstruction
The Town ordinances require that any reconstruction that follows a disaster or
storm related destruction shall take place in accordance with policy existing at the time of
'
WRT\9414. RPT 76 '

the storm. It is the desire of the Town that the development that takes place following a
storm should have the same characteristics of development allowed at the time of the storm.
POLICY
' The Town supports:
' the strict adherence to the provisions governing post disaster reconstruction
with respect to the designation of a local damage assessment team,
infrastructure repair, and building permit issuance as provided in Chapter 7,
' Environmental Control, Article IV. Post Storm Reconstruction, of the Kitty
Hawk Town Code;
' the strict adherence to and enforcement of CAMA policies as of January 1,
1989 prohibiting structures designed to stiffen the coast and impede the
natural processes that are an integral part of the barrier island system;
L
F
. the strict adherence to and enforcement of the North Carolina Building Code;
. the participation of its residents in the National Flood Insurance Program;
cooperative efforts between Town, State, and Federal agencies to acquire
unbuildable, oceanfront lots;
. the continuation of its low density residential development patterns;
the concept of a moratorium on requests for amendments to Chapter 20,
Zoning and Chapter 19, Subdivisions, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code for an
appropriate period following an officially declared disaster;
the concept of a construction moratorium for an appropriate period following
an officially declared disaster; and,
. the development of a Natural Hazards Plan.
STRATEGY FOR AND TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION
• The Town will rely on the State to enforce CAMA regulations regarding beach
stiffening devices on a daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will enforce the North Carolina Building Code on a daily or case by
case basis.
• The Town will enforce Chapter 8, Flood Damage Prevention, of the Kitty Hawk
Town Code on a d,,ily or case by case basis.
WRT\9414.RPT - 77 -
I

• The Town will insure that those Town employees responsible for the enforcement
of the North Carolina Building Code are properly trained and their work loads
manageable.
• The Town will explore the possibility of creating a mutual aid program to secure
the services of extra building inspectors following a disaster.
• Whenever the Town undertakes to build a new public structure, it will insure that
it is designed to withstand the impact of coastal storms.
• The Town will join with other local governments to urge that the Building Code
be professionally reviewed to insure that its provisions are adequate for a coastal
setting.
• The Town will enforce Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code on a
daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will enforce Chapter 7, Environmental Control, of the Kitty Hawk
Town Code on a daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will enforce Chapter 6, Emergency Preparedness, Civil Emergencies,
Etc., of the Kitty Hawk Town Code on a daily or case by case basis.
• The Town will urge Dare County and the State during Fiscal Year 1995-96 to
formulate an evacuation plan which recognizes the regional nature of the problem.
• The Town will participate in Dare County's evacuation drills on a case by case
basis.
• The Town will lobby State and Federal legislators as opportunities are presented
for funding of evacuation route improvements and the establishment of a post -
disaster fund of public monies to supplement Federal disaster relief aid.
• The Town will develop a Natural Hazards Plan in Fiscal Year 1996-97.
• The Town will participate, when asked, in the update or revision of the Dare
County Emergency Management Plan.
WRT\9414.RPT 78

1
IV. LAND CLASSIFICATION
I
YRT\9414.RPT

ri
H
IV. LAND CLASSIFICATION
A. Introduction
As provided for in Rule .0204 of Subchapter 7B of the North Carolina Administrative
Code, October 1989, a land classification system has been developed as a means of assisting
Kitty Hawk in the implement2 tion of land use policies adopted herein. Delineation of land
classes on the land classification map allows the Town to specify areas where certain
policies apply. The land classification system is intended to be supported and implemented
by zoning, subdivision, and other local growth management tools, and these local tools
should be consistent with the classification system.
The land classification system provides a framework to be used by the Town to identify
the present and future use of all lands. As such, the land classification system is a tool to
help implement policies. The designation of land classes allows the Town to illustrate its
policy statements as to where and to what density it wants growth to occur and where it
wants to conserve natural and cultural resources by guiding growth.
SOURCE: North Carolina Administrative Code, October 1989.
B. Land Classification
A land classification system has been developed to identify the general character of
existing development and future development in the Town. The system is based on existing
land use patterns and the sequence of future development in certain areas of the community
where basic services will become available to support development (roads, water, etc.). It
is also based on the natural ability of the land to support development, recognizing that some
sections of the Town should be conserved as natural areas or because they present hazards to
development, or both.
The land classification system developed and mapped by Kitty Hawk contains four
categories of land:
1. Developed - Beach
2. Developed - Village
3. Transition
4. Conservation
See MAP 4, LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM.
I
WRT\9414.RPT
- 79 -

"Developed" lands provide space for continued development or redevelopment. This '
includes lands currently developed at or approaching a density of 500 dwellings per square
mile that are serviced by public roads, water lines, and recreational facilities as well as '
police and fire protection. Even though the two areas of Town are not very different in
density or the mix of land uses, the division of developed lands into "Developed - Beach"
and "Developed - Village" recognizes the differences between the character of existing ,
development in Kitty Hawk Beach and Kitty Hawk Village. Even though the density and
use standards are the same for each, any further development in these two areas should
recognize the distinctive character of each. Kitty Hawk Beach is somewhat typical in ,
design, land use mixtures, and density of residential beach communities in North Carolina.
It is the more seasonal and transient part of the community. Kitty Hawk Village is
different, even though its density is not much lower than that of the beach; its unique '
character consists of its small scale, its sense of heritage as one of the oldest continuous
settlements on the Outer Banks, its vast stands of maritime forest, and the special quality of
life it provides for its residents. The Village has more a sense of being a year-round '
residential community.
"Transition" lands provide space for additional urban type development. These are '
lands that may or may not be developed now but are suitable for development and/or
scheduled for the provision of utilities and services that support development. The transition ,
areas in Kitty Hawk cover land that is presently developed or expected to be developed and
includes those areas where a commitment has already been made for Dare County to
construct and maintain water lines, streets, and other physical infrastructure necessary to ,
support development.
Lands in the "Conservation" class are those requiring effective long-term '
management in order to protect significant, limited, or irreplaceable natural, cultural, and
scenic values. The "Conservation" class includes Areas of Environmental Concern;
wetlands; important wildlife habitats; undeveloped forest lands; and undeveloped shoreland '
that are unique, fragile, or hazardous for development. Conservation lands include those
areas that are particularly unsuitable for intense development and/or have special,
irreplaceable natural and aesthetic value. The types of development suited to '
"Conservation" lands are very low -density residential, recreational, and open space uses, but
not commercial uses. Development within "Conservation" land must take special
precautions such as bridging and requiring that mitigation measures be performed in Town '
to overcome any hazardous conditions and to maintain the land's intrinsic natural qualities.
WRT\9414.RPT - 80 - I

� WORKSHOPS AND MEETINGS
NRT\9414.RPT

WORKSHIPS AND MEETINGS
As a general guide, Town Council adopted a "Citizens' Participation Plan for Town of
Kitty Hawk Land Use Plan Update 1993/94" on November 1, 1993. See APPENDIX 3.
The Planning Board set aside its second meeting each month during Fiscal Year 1994 for the
' discussion of the land use plan update. These meetings were publicized and citizen input
was welcomed.
' The Town Planner, a representative from the Town's land use planning consulting firm,
and a representative from the Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources,
Division of Coastal Management attended most of these land use plan update meetings. In
addition, the Town Planner and a representative from the Town's land use planning
consulting firm addressed the Kitty Hawk Citizens' Association in 1994.
0
1
WRT\9414. RPT - 81 -

SOURCES CONSULTED
L�
1
I
MRT\9414.RPT
1

1
L�
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc. Dare County Ca=ing/Development Study Final Report.
Bethesda, MD: Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., 1986.
Dare County Data Processing Department, 1994.
North Carolina Power. 1994 Buildout Study: Outer Banks District 1988-1992. Manteo,
North Carolina: North Carolina Power, 1994.
State of North Carolina. North Carolina Administrative Code, T15A: 7B, Subchapter
"711-Land Use Planning Guidelines." Raleigh, North Carolina: State of North Carolina,
October, 1989.
State of North Carolina. North Carolina Building Code. Raleigh, North Carolina: State of
North Carolina, 1982.
State of North Carolina. Laws and Rules for Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems.
' Raleigh, North Carolina: North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and
Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Health, 1993.
7
Ll
nI
u
Town of Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina and William C. Overman Associates, P.C.
1993 Town of Kill Devil Hills Land Use Plan Update. Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina
and Virginia Beach, Virginia: Town of Kill Devil Hills and William C. Overman
Associates, P.C., 1993.
Town of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina and Coastal Resources Collaborative, Ltd. Land Use
Plan Kitty Hawk. North Carolina 1989. Kitty Hawk, North Carolina and Chapel Hill,
North Carolina: Town of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina and Coastal Resources
Collaborative, Ltd., 1989.
Town of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina and Coastal Resources Collaborative, Ltd. Land Use
Plan Kitty Hawk. North Carolina 1983. Kitty Hawk, North Carolina and Chapel Hill,
North Carolina: Town of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina and Coastal Resources
Collaborative, Ltd., 1983.
Town of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Kitty Hawk Town Code. Town of Kitty Hawk,
North Carolina: Town of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, 1995.
Town of Southern Shores, North Carolina. Town of Southern Shores Land Use Plan 1992
Sketch Level Update. Town of Southern Shores, North Carolina: Town of Southern
Shores, 1992.
WRT\9414.RPT - 83 -

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. Soil Survey of Dare County,
North Carolina. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1992.
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1990 Census of Population and
Housing,, Summary Population and Housing Characteristics North Carolina.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1991.
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. County Business Patterns 1990.
North Carolina. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1992.
WRT\9414.RPT - 84 -

7
INDEX
I
WRT\9414.RPT

INDEX
A
PAGE NO.
(Housing and) Accommodations
11,32
Adopt -a -Beach
56
Adopt -a -Road
56
Adult Entertainment
68
Advanced (/Intermediate) Emergency Medical Technicians
10,57
(Productive) Agricultural Lands
33
Albemarle -Pamlico Estuarine Study (APES)
36
American Red Cross
76
Amusement Parks
57
Architectural Overlay District
71
Architectural Review Board
71
Areas of Environmental Concern
22, 36
Areas of Environmental Concern and Fragile Areas (MAP 2)
SLEEVE 2
Areas With Resource Potential
25
Atlantic Ocean
9, 69, 72
Aycock Brown Welcome Center
59
WRT\9414.RPT - 85 -

Barrier Island System
77
Basic Emergency Medical Technicians
10,57
Baum Tract
59
(Coastal and Estuarine Water) Beach Access
51
Beach Central Communications System
10, 58, 59
Beach Commercial (Zoning District)
13
Beach Hotel (Zoning District)
13
Beach Nourishment
49
Beach Road
63,- 64
Bertie County
10
Bicycle Trails
63, 64,65
Bob Perry Road
8,27
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated
31, 83
Borrow and Spoils Areas
49
Britthaven Outer Banks
11
Build Out Considerations
30
1994 Build Out Study: Outer Banks District 1988-1992
83
(North Carolina) Building Code
75
(Estuarine) Bulkhead Installation
43
Bureau of the Census
5, 6, 7, 84
Buxton Woods
8
NRT\9414.RPT 86

1
1
1
1
C-Zone 74
Cable Television Facilities 61
Caribbean Sea 72
Carnivals and Carnival Rides 57
Carrying Capacity Analysis 25
Carrying Capacity Scenario 26
Category Five Hurricane 74
Category Four Hurricane 74
Category One Hurricane 74
Category Three Hurricane 74
Category Two Hurricane 74
(1990) Census of Population and Housing 5, 6, 7, 84
Channel Maintenance 49
Citizen Participation 71
Citizen Participation Plan (APPENDIX) 71, 3-1
Civil Emergencies 78
Coastal Area Management Act of 1974 (CAMA) 1, 22, 36, 37, 40, 41, 75, 77
Coastal (and Estuarine Water) Beach Access 51
WRT\9414.RPT - 87 -

Coastal Management 17
Coastal Resources Commission 74
Coastal Wetlands 40
Coastal Wetlands Area of Environmental Concern 23,74
Commercial (Zoning District) 13
Commercial (and Recreational) Fisheries 44
Commercial Forest Lands 33
Community Appearance
55
Community Appearance Committee
56
(Economic and) Community Development Issues
46-69
Community Facilities
29
Community Shopping Mail (Zoning District)
13
Composite Hazards (MAP 3)
74, 75, SLEEVE 3
Conservation
79, 80
(Kitty Hawk Woods) Conservation Easement
45
Consolidation
60
County Business Patterns 1990
84
Cultural Resources
70
Currituck Sound
1, 8, 9, 22, 23, 68, 69
WRT\9414.RPT - 88

D
Dare County 8, 10, 29, 47, 52, 54, 58, 59, 62, 67
Dare County Board of Commissioners 67
Dare County Carrying Capacity/Development Study 31, 83
Dare County Data Processing Department 8,83
Dare County Department of Social Services 76
Dare County Detention Center 10,58
Dare County Emergency Management Plan 78
Dare County Health Department 29, 34, 35, 69
Dare County Library 11
Dare County School Board 59,60
Dare County Tourism Board 46, 51, 67
(Types,) Densities (Location, and Units Per Acre) of
Anticipated Residential Development 52
Developed - Beach 79, 80
Developed - Village 79,80
Docks 36
Dredging
36
Driving on Beaches
45
Dry Stack Storage
41
Duck Pond Creek
23
Duck Road
76
WRT\9414.RPT - 89 -

E.
Eastern North Carolina Hurricane Evacuation Study
74
Economic and Community Development Issues
46-70
Economy
30,32
Education
59
Electric Generating Plants
50
Electrical Facilities
60
Elizabeth City
11
Emergency Medical Services
10
Emergency Medical Technicians
10, 57, 58
Emergency Preparedness
78
Employment Opportunities
53
Energy Facility Siting and Development
50
Environmental Control
16,77
(Soil) Erosion
15, 72, 75
Estuarine Bulkhead Installation
43
Estuarine Shorelines Area of Environmental Concern
23, 24, 74
(Development of Sound and) Estuarine System Islands
33
Estuarine Systems Areas of Environmental Concern
23
(Coastal and) Estuarine Water Beach Access
51
WRT\9414.RPT - 90

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(Trawling Activities In) Estuarine Waters 33
Estuarine Waters Area of Environmental Concern 23
Evacuation 65, 76, 78
Evacuation Route Maps 76
Existing Land Use (MAP 1) SLEEVE 1
(Inshore and Outer Continental Shelf) Exploration 50
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction (ETJ) 41, 44, 68
F
Falcon Cable TV 61
Federal Clean Water Act 37
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 74
(Commitment to State and) Federal Programs 49
(Kitty Hawk Volunteer) Fire Department 10,29
Fire Hydrants 59
Fire Supression Rating Schedule 58
First Flight Elementary School 10,29
First Flight Middle School 10, 29, 59
Fust Responders 10,58
(Commercial and Recreational) Fisheries 44
Floating Homes 41
WRT\9414.RPT 91

Flood Damage Prevention 16, 42, 76, 77
Flood Insurance Program 42,76
Flood Insurance Rate Maps 18
Flooding 72,73
(Hazardous or) Fragile Areas 22, 37, 40, 41
(Areas of Environmental Concern and) Fragile Areas (MAP 2) SLEEVE 2
(Dr. Neil) Frank 74
Freshwater Swamps 37
G..
General Beach Commercial (Zoning District) 13
Ginguite Creek 23,36
Go-carts 57
Greenhouse Effect 73
(Types of Urban) Growth Patterns Desired 47
H.
(Nursery and) Habitat Areas 44
Hazard Zone Four 74,75
Hazard Zone One 74,75
WRT\9414.RPT 92

Hazard Zone Three 74,75
Hazard Zone Two 74,75
Hazardous (or Fragile) Areas 37
Herbert Perry Road 27
High Bridge Creek 22
High Density Beach Residential (Zoning District) 13,37
High Density Residential Village (Zoning District) 13
High Hazard Area of Environmental Concern 23, 24, 74
(Cultural or) Historical Resources 70
"History of Kitty Hawk" (APPENDIX 1) 1, 1-1
Horseback Riding 65
Housing (and Accommodations) 11,32
Hurricanes 729 73, 74, 75
I
(Types and Locations of) Industries Desired 46
Information Base 3
Insect Control 11
Inshore (and Outer Continental Shelf) Exploration 50
(Advanced) Intermediate Emergency Medical Technicians 10
NRT\9414.RPT - 93 -

Jean Guite Creek
K
Kill Devil Hill
Kill Devil Hills
(1993 Town on Kill Devil Hills Land Use Plan Update
Kitty Hawk Bay
Kitty Hawk Beach
Kitty Hawk Citizens' Association
Kitty Hawk Elementary School
Kitty Hawk Fire Station
Kitty Hawk Road
Kitty Hawk Town Code
Kitty Hawk Town Council
Kitty Hawk Village
23, 36
70
19 49 109 30, 54, 59, 83
83
1, 9, 23, 24, 37, 41, 68
7, 8, 70, 79, 80
81
9,29
M,I
8, 37
12-16, 35, 38, 39, 40, 429 43, 46, 479 48, 52, 53, 54,
55, 56, 57, 66, 68, 69, 70, 75, 77, 78, 83
67
7, 8, 26, 30, 70, 79, 80
Kitty Hawk Volunteer Fire Department 10, 30, 57, 58, 59
Kitty Hawk Woods 81 13, 25, 27, 31, 45, 46, 65
WRT\9414.RPT - 94 -

L.
Land Classification 79,80
Land Classification System (MAP 4) SLEEVE 4
Land Need 31
Land Suitability Constraints 17
Land Use 7
Land Use Plan Kitty Hawk North Carolina 1983 3, 5, 9, 31, 83
Land Use Plan Kitty Hawk North Carolina 1989 3, 4, 9, 11, 12, 31, 65, 83
Landfill Siting 66
Laws and Rules for Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems 34, 35, 83
Lindbergh Avenue 63, 64, 65
Litter Control and Removal 56
(Types, Densities,) Location (and Units Per Acre) of
Anticipated Residential Development 52
Low Density Beach Residential (Zoning District) 13
Low Density Village Residential (Zoning District) 13
Low Pressure Systems 73
WRT\9414. RPT 95

M.
('Transportation System) Maintenance
63, 64, 65
Man -Made Hazards
18, 33
Manteo
30,58
Manteo High School
29
Marina Basins
42
Marinas
41
Marine Fisheries Commission
23
Maritime Forests
37
Marshes
37
Mean Family Income
7
Mean Household Income
7
Mediam Family Income
7
Median Household Income
7
(Regional) Medical Center
11
Medium Density Beach Residential (Zoning District)
13
Medium Density Village Residential (Zoning District)
13
(Workshops and) Meetings
81
Menhaden Boats
54
Military Facilities
34
Mineral Production Areas
44
WRT\9414.RPT - 96

1
1
1
i
1
(The) Mining Act of 1971 15
Minor Permit Program 42,43
(Natural Hazard) Mitigation 75
Moor Shore Road 37
Motorcycles 57
Multi -Use Center 67
N
Nags Head 8, 11, 30, 54
National Cooperative Soil Study 12
National Flood Insurance Program 75,77
National Hurricane Center 74
National Register of Historic Places 70
Nationwide Permit 38
Natural Hazards 18,72
Natural Hazards Plan 77,78
North Beach Medical Center 11, 71, 79
North Carolina 12 (Virginia Dare Trail) 8, 43, 58, 59, 64
North Carolina Administrative Code, October 1989 1, 3, 33, 71, 79, 83
North Carolina Association of Police Chiefs 58
North Carolina Building Code 77, 83
WRT\9414.RPT - 97 -

North Carolina Coastal Management Plan 1
North Carolina Coastal Resources Commission (CRC) 1, 22, 23, 24
North Carolina Department of Environment, Health,
and Natural Resources (NCDEHNR) 28, 34, 35, 43, 81, 83
North Carolina Department of Justice 58
North Carolina Department of Planning, State Data Center 31
North Carolina Dept. of Transportation (NCDOT) 11, 29, 36, 43, 51, 55, 63, 64, 65
North Carolina Division of Coastal Management (NCDCM) 9,36
North Carolina Division of Environmental Health 34, 35, 69
North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries 36
North Carolina Environmental Management Commission 38
North Carolina Geneal Assembly 68
North Carolina Insurance Commission 58
North Carolina Outer Banks 70
North Carolina Power 12, 31, 60, 61
Northeaster 64, 73, 74
Nursery and Habitat Areas 44
Ocean Erodible Area of Environmental Concern 23, 24, 74, 75
Ocean Hazard Area Environmental Concern 23,24
Ocean Outfall 43
WRT\9414.RPT - 98

(Uses of and Activities In and On) Ocean (and Sound) Waters 68
Off -Road Vehicles 45
Outer Banks 75
Outer Banks Chamber of Commerce 46, 51, 53
Outer Banks Contractors 8
(Inshore and) Outer Continental Shelf Exploration 50
Outstanding Resource Waters 33
P
Package Treatment Plants
39
Paramedics
10,57
Peat or Phosphate Minings Impact on Any Resource
33
Pedestrian Movement
63,65
Penny Toler Ditch
37
People
5 31
Physical Limitations
18
Piers
36
Planned Commercial Development (Zoning District)
13
Planned Unit Development (Zoning District)
13
(The) Planning Process
1
Pocosins
37
WRT\9414. RPT - 99 -

Point Source Wastewater Discharge 69
Police 10, 29, 57
Poor Ridge Road 7, 22, 27
(1990) Population By Age Group and Sex (TABLE 1) 5
(1990) Population By Race (TABLE 2) 6
(Comparison of 1980 and 1990) Populations For Selected Outer Banks Localities
(TABLE 3)
6
Port Facilities
34
Post Storm Reconstruction 16,
17,77
Potable Water
62
Poverty Status (By Age, By Household Type and Relationship in 1989) (TABLE 4)
7
Primary Nursery Areas (PNAs)
36
Productive Agricultural Lands
33
Protection of Potable Water Supply
33
Public Health
11
Public Safety
57
Public Sewer Facilities
62
Public Trust Waters Area of Environmental Concern 23,
24, 36
Public Water Facilities
61, 62
WRT\9414.RPT - 100 -

R
Reconstruction
76
Recreational Facilities
57
(Commercial and) Recreational Fisheries
44
Recycling
10
Redevelopment (of Developed Areas)
48
Refuse Transfer Station
66
Regional Medical Center
10
Resource Management Issues
44 - 45
Resource Protection Issues
34 - 43
Restriction of Development
42
Rezoning -
47
Saffir/Simpson Hurricane Scale (EXHIBIT 2) 72,73
Sand Dune Protection 16
Season Extender Events 51
Section 401 Surface Water and Wetlands Standards 38
WRT\9414.RPT - 101 -

Section 404 Federal Clean Water Act
38
Sedimentation Control
15
Septic Tank and Drainfield Systems
28,29
Septic Tank Use
34, 69
(Local Commitment to Providing) Services to Development
47
(Utilities and) Services
9, 32
(Public) Sewer Facilities
62
(Water and) Sewer Service Areas
28
Shellfishing Waters
44
Shoreside Center
38, 39
Signs 14,54
(Areas Where Predominant) Slope (Exceeds Twelve Percent) 19
SLOSH Study 74, 75, 76
Soil Erosion 15
Soil Conservation Service 12, 84
(Areas With) Soil Limitations 19
Soil Survey of Dare County, North Carolina 1989 12, 84
Soil Types and Characteristics (EXHIBIT 1) 21
Solid Waste Services 10
(Development of) Sound and Estuarine System Islands 33
Sound Landing 27
(Uses of and Activities In and On Ocean and) Sound Waters 68
WRT\9414.RPT - 102 -

Sources Consulted
83
Southern Shores
4,9
(Town on Southern Shores Land Use Plan Update 1992
Sketch Level Update 83
Special Flood Hazard Area (V-Zone)
74
Special Tax Districts
53,54
(Borrow and) Spoil Areas
49
(Commitment to) State (and Federal) Programs
49
Stone Island
27
Stormwater Runoff
40
Street Aid Allocation Program
11
Subdivisions
15, 48, 52, 69, 70
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV)
36,44
Surface Waters
40
Swamps
37
T
(Existing) Tax Base
Terrain Vehicle Tracks
The Woods Road
Thoroughfare Plan
Tornadoes
WRT\9414.RPT
- 103 -
53
57
27
62, 64
73

Tourism 51
Transition 79, 80
Transportation System 11, 32, 62, 64
Trawling Activities In Estuarine Waters 33
Types (Densities, Location, and Units Per Acre) of Anticipated
Residential Development 52
U.
U. S. 158 8, 55, 58, 59, 43, 62, 64
United States Army Corps of Engineers 37
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 12, 84
United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census 5, 6, 7, 84
(Types, Densities, Location, and) Units Per Acre of
Anticipated Residential Development 52
Upland Excavation 42
Utilities (and Services) 9, 31
v.
V-Zone 74
Vehicular Movement 63
Village Commercial (Zoning District) 13,41
WRT\9414.RPT - 104 -

Virginia Dare Trail 74
Virginia Department of Transportation 51
(Natural Hazard) Vulnerability 73
Wal-Mart 39
Wanchese 30
(Public) Water Facilities 61
Water (and Sewer) Service Areas 28
Water Supply 19
Water Supply Areas and Other Water With Special Values 33
(404) Wetlands 37
Wildlife Resources Commission 23
Workshops (and Meetings) 81
Wright Memorial Bridge 62,76
Wright Brothers 70
WRT\9414.RPT - 105 -

X
Y
Z.
Zoning 13, 14, 26, 27, 39, 47, 48, 52, 55, 68, 70, 75
WRT\9414.RPT - 106

r
I
APPENDICES
I
F
7
I
MRT\9414.QRI

TOWN OF KITTY HAWK, NORTH CAROLINA
1994 Town of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina Land Use Plan Update
APPENDIX 1
HISTORY OF KITTY HAWK
SOURCE: Excerpt from Land Use Plan Kitty Hawk North Carolina 1989, Town
of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina
1-1

History of Kitty Hawk
In the early 1500s, the Italian explorer, Giovanni da Verrazano, was the first European to leave a
written account of his expeditions and observations along the coast of what is now the southeastern
United States. Sixty years later, Sir Walter Raleigh sent two ships as England's first, and unsuccessful,
attempt to colonize the New World.
They found an entrance through the Banks above Cape Hatteras, probably at the present-day '
Jeanguite Creek north of Kitty Hawk, and "cast anker about three harquebushot within the
havens thither" and went ashore on the south side of the inlet "to take possession of the same
in the right of the Queens most excellent Majestie." They found friendly Indians, an
"incredible aboundance" of fish, fruit, birds, deer and other edible game, and "the highest, -and
reddest cedars of the world." (David Stick. 1958. The Outer Banks of North Carolina.
Chapel Hill: - University of North Carolina Press) '
Despite the mysterious fate of the "Lost Colony," later English efforts were successful, and by the
later 1700s, the pattern of European settlement of the Outer Banks was fairly well established. The
people lived off the bounty of the land, the ocean, and the bays. People raised garden crops and
livestock. They harvested fish, oysters, clams, crabs, and other fruits of the sea. They timbered stands '
of forest to build their houses and boats. Other occasional activities supported people too -- from I
piloting outside boats through the inlets and sounds to scavenging. the remains of frequent shipwrecks.
Lively arguments can still be heard concerning the origin of Kitty Hawk's name. It most likely
comes from an Indian place name, as the area appears as "Chickehawk" or "Chickahawk" on maps of
the early 1700s. However, by the later 1700s, residents were spelling the name much as it is today, with '
old deeds referring to the settlement as "Kittyhuk," "Kittyhark," "Kittyhawk," and "Kitty Hawk."
. Well into the twentieth century, the residents of the Outer Banks followed traditional pursuits
reflecting high degrees of both self-sufficiency and dependence on the ocean, sounds, and marshes. '
They were commercial fishermen, sailors, salvagers, boat builders, lumbermen, pilots, Coast
Guardsmen, shore -whalers, and porpoise seiners.
1-2 1

One of the seven original U.S. Coast Guard Lifesaving stations on the Outer Banks was
constructed on Kitty Hawk beach in 1874. The community's first post office opened in 1878.
The community was not prosperous, but it existed comfortably as long as the land and waters
continued to supply fish, shellfish, and game and as long as outside work could be found as a pilot,
Coast Guardsman, fisherman, or boat builder. Kitty Hawk remained to itself and sustained itself.
In 1900, two young visitors from Ohio, Orville and Wilbur Wright, came to Kitty Hawk. It was a
place where they could begin a series of experiments that would change the world -- a place clear of
trees and low hills and having steady, moderate winds.
The Wrights pitched camp and began their experiments on Kill Devil Hill, the high ridge just
south of Kitty Hawk Village. From the beginning, they were profoundly impressed with the austere
living conditions of the "friendly and neighborly" people who greeted them. In letters to his father and
sister back in Dayton, Ohio, Wilbur Wright reported "little wealth and no luxurious living ..... This is
a great country for fishing and hunting. The fish are so thick you see dozens of them whenever you
look down into the water. The woods are filled with wild game... "
In three years of intense experimentation, the Wrights endured extremes of wind, weather, sand,
insects, wrecked theories, and mechanical failures. Then, on the afternoon of December 17,1903,
Orville Wright hurried across the dunes to the Kitty Hawk Weather Station and sent a terse telegram
to his father:
SUCCESS FOUR FLIGHTS THURSDAY MORNING ALL AGAINST TWENTY-ONE
MILE WIND STARTED FROM LEVEL WITH ENGINE POWER ALONE AVERAGE
SPEED THROUGH AIR THIRTY-ONE MILES LONGEST 57 SECONDS INFORM
PRESS HOME CHRISTMAS
Around the same time, the unique Outer Banks economy began to die on the vine. Waterfowl
and boat -grade timber were becoming scarce. Eelgrass beds were destroyed by a blight. Fisheries
began to decline. Steam freighters no longer plied the sounds. Shipwrecks became a rarity. Kitty
Hawk remained isolated from the mainland in a world that was relying more and more on the
automobile to move goods and people from one place to another.
1 - 3

In the 1920s, a growing band of citizens shared a vision of opening the Dare Beaches with bridges
and roads connected to the mainland. Their efforts led to the construction of a bridge from Nags Head
to Roanoke Island in 1928 and, in 1930, the construction of the Wright Brothers Memorial Bridge from
Kitty Hawk to Point Harbor. An 18-mile sand and asphalt highway linked Kitty Hawk, Nags Head, and
the two bridges.
While the Great Depression stalled the impact of these public works, it also marked the transition
of the Outer Banks economy from one based on commercial fishing and maritime traffic to one based
on tourism and second -home development. After World War Two, the nation began an era of
unprecedented prosperity, and a boom in tourism and development began on the Dare Beaches. This
boom intensified in the 1960s and 1970s and continues today.
The Town of Kitty Hawk incorporated on April 13,1981. Up until 1920, the village of Kitty Hawk
was under the jurisdiction of Currituck County, though it was directly connected to Dare County, which
was established in 1870. In 1920, the General Assembly made Kitty Hawk and the neighboring
community of Duck part of Dare County. Despite recurrent talk of incorporation, a petition of
incorporation was not circulated until the winter of 1980-1981. The petition, signed by a solid majority
of Kitty Hawk's residents, was then presented to and approved by the General Assembly.
Incorporation gave Kitty Hawk the ability to preserve its historical identity and chart its own course for
the future.
The Town Charter, issued on November 20,1981, created a Mayor -Council form of government
but short experience soon lead to a change to the Council -Manager form.
When it incorporated, the Town had 1,598 taxpayers and 477 registered voters. At the end of
1988 there were 3,273 taxpayers and 972 voters.
1-4

�I
I TOWN OF KITTY HAWK, NORTH CAROLINA
1994 Town of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina Land Use Plan Update
APPENDIX 2
REVIEW OF LAND USE POLICIES CONTAINED IN
' LAND USE PLAN KITTY HAWK NORTH CAROLINA 1989
AND IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994
2-1

REVIEW OF LAND USE POLICIES CONTAINED IN
LAND USE PLAN TOWN OF KITTY HAWK NORTH CAROLINA 1989
AND IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994
GROUP A — ATTITUDES ABOUT GROWTH IN KITTY HAWK
POLICY 1 - To ensure a strong voice in the government in the Town of Kitty Hawk the
public will continue to be actively involved in the planning process.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town routinely advertises the meetings of the Planning Board and Town Council. Civic
groups, particularly the Kitty Hawk Citizens Association, Inc., are normally represented at
public meetings. However, Town officials generally agree that public turnout at meetings
and public interest in the planning process continue to be very poor.
GROUP B -- ECONOMY
POLICY 2 - The Town will maintain and promote its appeal as a place to visit and as a place
to live by preserving its character as a low -density beach community, by preserving and
enhancing its physical attractiveness and its natural beauty, and by planning for public beach
access and open space through the land use plan, zoning and subdivision regulations, and
other development policies.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, and Chapter 19, Subdivisions, of the Alta Hawk
Town Code. During the planning period, five beach accesses and one sound access were
developed. The Town is acquiring a 460-acre parcel dedicated as a conservation area known
as Kitty Hawk Woods.
POLICY 3 - The Town will encourage the continuation of independent fishing and crabbing
operations and family oriented tourism as a part of Kitty Hawk's traditional economy.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town is represented on the Dare County Tourism Bureau. During the planning period,
the Town did nothing of significance to encourage or promote the continuation of independent
fishing and crabbing operations nor did it discourage these activities -- relying instead on
free market forces with regard to these generally family oriented businesses.
FAm:

1
1
1
POLICY 4 - The Town will explore all options open to it to preserve and enhance the beauty
of its natural and built environment. This will include but not be limited to ordinances and
other policies to clear up existing eyesores, e.g., a re-examination of the sign provision of
the zoning ordinance and the formulation of policy dealing with the visual appearance of the
entranceways to and major passageways through the Town.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, and Chapter 19, Subdivisions, of the Kitty Hawk
Town Code. The Town has, on occasion, found it necessary to institute legal proceedings to
protect the public in cases involving violations of either or both. The Town adopted sign
regulations during the planning period and is currently revising same. In addition, the Town
staff is working with North Carolina Department of Transportation personnel to develop
various landscaping proposals to enhance the visual appearance along U.S. 158 from the
Wright Memorial Bridge to the Outer Banks Visitors Center.
POLICY 5 - The Town will explore non -tourist related business to broaden the economy but
is not interested in businesses which have an adverse impact on the natural environment.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
In Kitty Hawk, the primary non -tourist related businesses are building materials supply
establishments and real estate firms -- many of which cater to a visiting clientele. Kitty Hawk
has not actively explored non -tourist related businesses to broaden the economy, relying
instead on free market forces to determine business patterns and development.
GROUP C -- NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
POLICY 6 - The Town of Kitty Hawk will continue to vigorously pursue extending the Dare
County water system into unserved areas where growth is anticipated.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 19, Subdivisions, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code, requiring water
service extension and fire hydrant installation in new developments.
POLICY 7 - The Town of Kitty Hawk will continue to project the community's future water
needs in relation to its growth potential.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
Water service to Town residents is provided. by Dare County. The Town provides information
concerning growth and development activities to Dare County as requested but did not
prepare and release any official projections of future water needs in relation to its growth
potential.
2-3

POLICY 8 - The Town of Kitty Hawk will continue to encourage Dare County to modify the
existing water system into "loops" which will help to maintain service in the case of a
malfunction in the system.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town took no official action to encourage Dare County to moth existing water system
facilities into loops but encourages developers through Town staff f `' and Planning Board
contact to provide for looping.
POLICY 9 - The Town will explore ways in which the effects of stormwater runoff can be
minimized. This will include an examination of existing development management policy
dealing with coverage, lot size, protection of natural drainage systems, etc.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town has not adopted a stand-alone stormwater management plan but does consider the
potential of stormwater run-off during reviews conducted as required by Chapter 20, Zoning,
and Chapter 16, Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code. The
Town does not employ a full time professional engineer.
POLICY 10 - It is recognized that all of the soil in Kitty Hawk is limited in terms of its
ability to adequately accommodate septic tanks. Much of the better soil has already been
developed leaving only the soils with severe and very severe limitations. It is the policy of
the Town that a community -wide public sewer system will not be installed. The Town will
explore the possibility of formulating regulations dealing with package treatment plant
inspection and maintenance. If it is not feasible, the Town will explore urging the county
and state to formulate a program to insure the continued adequate operation of these
facilities.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
No speck regulations dealing with the inspection and maintenance of package treatment
plants have been formulated by the Town. On -site sewage systems are required and the Dare
County Health Department is relied on to approve, inspect, and monitor same. However, in
Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code, the use of package treatment plants is
provided for. During the planning period, one such facility was installed to serve the Wal-
Mart retail department store. The Town continues to oppose the development of a
community -wide public sewer system and took no steps to explore the feasibility of such
facilities.
R
2-4

POLICY 11 - The Town of Kitty Hawk recognizes that the identification and protection of
AECs is one of the central concerns of the Coastal Management Program for North Carolina.
' Governmental intervention in land development is necessary to assure the proper functioning
of the physical and biological systems.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, and Chapter 19, Subdivisions, of the K a Hawk
Town Code and cooperates with the Dare County Health Department, the North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources' Division of Coastal
Management, and the United States Army Corps of Engineers in their respective programs
and areas of responsibility.
POLICY 12 - The Town of Kitty Hawk will cooperate fully with the appropriate State and
' Federal agencies to conserve, manage, and protect all the estuarine waters and their vital
components.
' IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
' The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, and Chapter 19, Subdivisions, of the Kit Haw
Town Code and cooperates with the Dare County Health Department, the North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources' Division of Coastal
Management, and the United States Army Corps of Engineers in their respective programs
and areas of responsibility.
' POLICY 13 - The Town of Kitty Hawk recognizes the importance of coastal wetlands as a
breeding area for fish, shrimp, and certain animals, birds, and plants. No development
' activity is permitted within this AEC.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, and Chapter 19, Subdivisions, of the KiyyH w
Town Code and cooperates with the Dare County Health Department, the North Carolina
' Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources' Division of Coastal
Management, and the United States Army Corps of Engineers in their respective programs
and areas of responsibility.
' POLICY 14 - The Town will work with the appropriate State and Federal agencies in
protecting the integrity of all public trust waters within the Town of Kitty Hawk.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
' The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, and Chapter 19, Subdivisions, of the Kitty Hawk
Town Code and cooperates with the Dare County Health Department, the North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources' Division of Coastal
' Management, and the United States Army Corps of Engineers in their respective programs
and areas of responsibility.
2-5

POLICY 15 - The Town will work closely with the County Health Department and with the
State Division of Coastal Management in managing estuarine shorelines. I
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code and supports and '
relies on the North Carolina Department of Environmental, Health, and Natural Resources'
Division of Coastal Management as it enforces the requirements of the Coastal Area '
Management Act of 1974.
POLICY 16 - Within ocean erodible areas, the Town will maintain the line of oceanfront '
sand dunes by protecting the vegetation which stabilizes the dune system and by prohibiting
further development in these areas.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994: '
The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code and supports and '
relies on the North Carolina Department of Environmental, Health, and Natural Resources'
Division of Coastal Management as it enforces the requirements of the Coastal Area '
Management Act of 1974.
POLICY 17 - The Town encourages the construction and installation of wooden walkways '
and steps to the beach, elevated observation platfroms, and sand fences in areas where
erosion has occurred. The Town prohibits bulkheads, jetties, groins, and similar structures
along the oceanfront except where structures are in imminent danger from the Atlantic '
Ocean. In that case, temporary erosion control structures including bulkheads or similar
structures made of sandbags .or comparable materials or low sandbag groins or sandbag
sediment trapping structures are allowed in accordance with CRC guidelines. '
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town supports the programs and requirements of the Coastal Resources Commission and
the guidelines of the Coastal Area Management Act of 1974.
POLICY 18 - The Town will continue to enforce the standards prescribed by the National ,
Flood Insurance Program for development.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994: '
To require that standards for development, as prescribed by the National Flood Insurance '
Program, are met, the Town enforces Chapter 8, Flood Damage Prevention, of the Kitty
Hawk Town Code.

POLICY 19 - The Town of Kitty Hawk will identify the variety of natural and manmade
resources within the Town and work to preserve them; encourage retention of forest growth
and natural plant communities; maintain a suitable habitat for animals and birds indigenous to
the area; and disturb the natural terrain as little as possible.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town is acquiring a natural area of some 460 acres called Kitty Hawk Woods and is
currently studying various management tools and preservation strategies. The need to
develop local regulations and expertise to identify and investigate ways to preserve local man-
made historical resources has been expressed by some Town residents.
POLICY 20 - In the interest of preserving and conserving the natural environment, the Town
has adopted a Sand Dune Protection Ordinance, a Soil Sedimentation and Erosion Control
Ordinance and a special section of the Zoning Ordinance dealing with the development of
Kitty Hawk Woods. It is the policy of the Town to enforce these ordinances and to
encourage citizens and land owners to protect these resources on a voluntary basis.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
' The Town enforces Chapter 7, Environmental Control, Chapter 8, Soil Erosion and
Sedimentation Control, and Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code and
' encourages voluntary resource protection through Town staff contacts.
POLICY 21 - Although there are several cemeteries, these appear to be at or near capacity.
The Town will explore the possibility of expanding one or more of these or creating a new
cemetery to accommodate future needs.
' IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town did not officially explore the possibility of expanding or creating any new
' cemeteries.
POLICY 22 - The Town will consider supporting a comprehensive inventory of
' archaeologically, architecturally, and/or historically important buildings and areas.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
' To date, this policy has not been implemented. However, the Town explored some o the
P cy P P .f
options and approaches available to it whereby an inventory of archaeologically,
architecturally, and historically important buildings and areas could be made. In fact, the
Town reviewed the creation of a historical committee but the concept was subsequently
abandoned.
2-7

GROUP D - COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES
POLICY 23 - The Town of Kitty Hawk will attempt to project the community's future water
needs in relation to its growth potential and will communicate that information to Dare
County.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document. See Page 2, GROUP C -
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, POLICY 7.
POLICY 24 - The Town of Kitty Hawk will continue to encourage Dare County to modify
the existing water system into "loops" which will help to maintain service in the case of a
malfunction in the system.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document. See page 3, GROUP C -
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, POLICY 8.
POLICY 25 - The Town will amend the Subdivision Ordinance to require installation of fire
hydrants in all new developments.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document. See page 2, GROUP C -
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, POLICY 6.
POLICY 26 - The location of new water wells shall be approved pursuant to the rules and
regulations of the appropriate agencies.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town cooperates with and relies on the Dare County Health Department to regulate the
siting, installation, and use of water wells and requires certification of compliance from the
agency prior to the issuance of building permits when well use is proposed.
POLICY 27 - It is the policy of the Town to actively seek the cooperation of the Dare
County Health Department in assuring safe septic tank installation and operation in Kitty
Hawk.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town cooperates with and relies on the Dare County Health Department to regulate the
siting, installation, and use of septic tanks and requires certification of compliance from the
agency prior to the issuance of building permits when septic tank use is proposed.

' POLICY 28 - The Town of Kitty Hawk will require developers and homeowners'
associations proposing and constructing package treatment plants to file with the Town a
copy of the management contract between the developer and operator, the package
wastewater treatment plan, the rate structure, an engineer's statement that the rate structure's
minimum number of users will generate enough revenue to maintain and operate the system,
' and a bond or other written assurance that such facilities will be properly and continuously
maintained. *
' IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document. See page 3, GROUP C -
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, POLICY 10.
POLICY 29 - Recognizing that there is a strong possibility that portions of the Beach Road
may be destroyed by erosion, and that another north -south. road in Kitty Hawk Beach is
necessary in any case, the Town will take whatever steps are necessary and appropriate to
' make Lindbergh Avenue a viable north -south thoroughfare which could serve as a
replacement for the Beach Road if necessary. In order to insure that this remains a viable
option, the necessary right-of-way will be acquired as soon as possible.
' IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
' During the planning period, the Town convened various study committees and at least one
study has been made, resulting in efforts to connect Lindbergh Avenue and Ballet Street.
This situation has also been studied by the North Carolina Department of Transportation and
' will again be considered as a part of the ongoing thoroughfare planning process.
POLICY 30 - The Town is working with the N.C. Department of Transportation and the
beach communities to formulate a plan for a thoroughfare system which will move
automobile traffic. expeditiously and safely. Because of the.commitment of Kitty Hawk to
retain its character as a family beach community, .the thoroughfare plan should actively
' consider modes of transportation other than the private automobile, e.g., walking, bicycles,
small buses, etc., in an effort to make Kitty Hawk not completely dependent on the
automobile for all movement.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
' Currently, the Town is working with the North Carolina Department of Transportation to
develop a Thoroughfare Plan.
POLICY 31 - The Town will actively seek to develop a system of bicycle trails and lanes.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
' The Town did not developa stem o bicycle trails and lanes during the planning period.
system ,f cy g P g
Currently, the Town is working with the North Carolina Department of Transportation to
develop a Thoroughfare Plan which will also address bikeways.
�
29

POLICY 32 - The Town will continue to give full support to the Beach Central
Communications System.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town supports the Beach Central Communications System by providing funding.
POLICY 33 - It is the policy of the Town of Kitty Hawk to encourage the use of names
indigenous to the Outer Banks when choosing names for roads and other highly visible
objects, public and private.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town staff and Planning Board, on an informal, case by case basis, encourages those
seeking to name roads or public or private buildings to use names indigenous to the Outer
Banks.
POLICY 34 - Moor Shore Road and any adjacent right-of-way will be retained as a public
right-of-way for use by the public in gaining access to Kitty Hawk Bay and other legitimate
public purposes.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town retains Moor Shore Road and adjacent rights -of -way as public rights -of -way to
afford public access to Kitty Hawk Bay.
POLICY 35 - The Woods Road should be improved but only with as little damage as
possible to the character and natural environment of Kitty Hawk Woods.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Woods Road was paved during the planning period with little or no damage to the
natural environment of Kitty Hawk Woods.
POLICY 36 - The Town will encourage the North Carolina Department of Transportation to
restore the Mile Posts to their former prominence so that they can once again be used as
location indicators. *
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town implemented this policy during the planning period, and mile posts have been
restored.
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I POLICY 37 - An drains, culverts, bridges and other stormwater management devices which
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' are to be replaced because of damage or road reconstruction will be of an appropriate size to
accommodate projected demand to be placed upon them.*
' IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town cooperates with and relies on the North Carolina Department of Transportation to
' maintain, replace, or upgrade drains, culverts, bridges, and stormwater management devices
associated with its transportation system. The Town continues to enforce Chapter 19,
Subdivisions, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code.
tPOLICY 38 - The Town believes the recreational activities provided in this Plan are
necessary for the health and welfare of its citizens and visitors and that certain recreational
' uses of land are appropriate to enhance the health and welfare of the Town. The Town will
allow outdoor and indoor sporting activities as set forth in the zoning ordinance as
conditional uses provided the activity is harmonious with the environment, promotes the
' family orientation of the community and provided it is not incompatible with existing land
uses of adjoining property owners.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code.
' POLICY 39 - The Town does not want to promote and encourage amusement parks,
carnivals, and carnival rides, or go-cart, motorcycle, or terrain vehicle tracks or any
' ( recreational use which creates noise loud enough to be heard beyond the property lines of the
property or which causes significant amounts of light to be visible off the premises and
which, by reason thereof, constitutes a traffic hazard or is not consistent with the public
' health and welfare of the adjoining property owners.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
' The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, o the Kit Hawk Town Code.
.f P g f ty
' POLICY 40 - The Town will review and amend its zoning ordinance to allow specific
sporting activities as conditional uses and establish the standards and conditions prerequisite
to the use as well as designate the districts in which the sporting activities may be
' conducted. *
' IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town amended Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code with respect to
sporting activities and continues to enforce same.
2 - 11

POLICY 41 - The Town will formulate an ocean beach and sound access plan, with due
consideration to the future growth of its year-round and seasonal populations, and will '
provide adequate beach access and other recreational facilities for its residents and visitors.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994: '
The Town has not formulated an official ocean beach and sound access plan. However,
accesses were developed during the planning period. See page 1, GROUP B - ECONOMY, '
POLICY 2.
POLICY 42 - The Town will study the need and potential for future recreational facilities on I
the soundside, bike paths, and additional public beach access points and parking areas.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994: '
The Town has not conducted an official study of the need and potential for future recreational
facilities on the soundside, bike paths, and additional public beach access points and parking '
areas. However, accesses were developed during the planning period. See page 1, GROUP
B - ECONOMY, POLICY 2.
POLICY 43 - The Town will create a stud committee to plan for develop, and maintain '
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adequate recreational facilities.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town has not created an official study committee to plan for, develop, and maintain '
adequate recreational facilities. A Recreation Committee was formed but was subsequently
disbanded without any significant work having been accomplished. '
POLICY 44 - The Town will improve and maintain all public access areas.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994: ,
All public access areas are maintained by or for the Town and improved as necessary. I
POLICY 45 - To protect public beach access areas from erosion, the Town should keep the
areas well -vegetated, stagger sand fencing, and construct walkways across dunes. '
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document. See page above, GROUP '
D - COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES, POLICY 44.
2 - 12

P
POLICY 46 - The Town will enforce its Dune Protection Ordinance to keep people from
weakening the barrier dunes as well as those dunes west of U.S. 158.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 7, Environmental Control, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code.
POLICY 47 - The Town will enforce its ordinance to control littering and dumping at public
recreation areas. *
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 17, Solid Waste, of the May Hawk Town Code.
POLICY 48 - The Town will continue to place trash receptacles at the most actively used
recreation areas.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town continues to maintain trash receptacles at recreation areas including accesses and
at the bath house off Kitty Hawk Road.
POLICY 49 - The Town will acquire by donation or purchase additional useful beach access
areas and related parking facilities when property becomes available, giving priority to
properties which are or may become unbuildable due to natural causes.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town has not acquired additional beach access areas and parking facilities during the
planning period. However, accesses were developed during the planning period. See page
1, GROUP B - ECONOMY, POLICY 2.
POLICY 5 - The Town will apply for State and Federal funds whenever it is available for
acquiring, improving, or maintaining beach access sites, related parking areas, and other
public recreation facilities and will cooperate with the State in every way possible to make
beach accessways available and operational.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town applied for and received State funds for accesses developed during the planning
period. See page 1, GROUP B - ECONOMY, POLICY 2.
POLICY 51 - The Town will work with Kill Devil Hills, Southern Shores, Dare County, and
private organizations leading to funds for recreation facilities.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town has not implemented this policy.
2 - 13

POLICY .52 - When necessary and appropriate, Currituck Sound and Kitty Hawk Bay should
be dredged in limited areas in accordance with relevant State and Federal laws to permit
access to those bodies of water from the shores, streams, and canals of the Town of Kitty
Hawk.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
No dredging activity occurred during the planning period. '
POLICY 53 - Land is finite in Kitty Hawk. There will never be more than there is now. In
fact, because of the constant change on barrier islands, there will probably be less. Public '
need for land will increase as the Town continues to grow. It is the policy of the Town to
accept all feasible offers of donated land and to explore with due diligence all opportunities
to buy land at "bargain sales" and to explore opportunities to obtain grants or gifts to be used '
to buy land.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994: '
The Town is acquiring Kitty Hawk Woods, a 464-acre natural area for $1,000.00.
POLICY 54 - It is the policy of the Town to continue to furnish the best possible lice '
Po Y Po Po
services and achieve the goal of national accreditation of the Department. '
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town continues to fund the Kitty Hawk Police Department. However, the Department '
has not received national accreditation given that the Town's population is below that
required for national accreditation. '
POLICY 55 - The Town, in cooperation with the volunteer fire department, will continue the
ongoing effort to use volunteer firemen to ensure maximum fire protection. t
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town continues to rely on volunteers to provide firefighting services.
POLICY 56 - The Town, in cooperation with Dare County, will maintain an up-to-date fire '
hydrant location map and ensure that all hydrants are visible, accessible, and in good
operating condition.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994: '
Dare County is responsible for maintaining both fire hydrants and maps of their locations.
The Town does not maintain an up-to-date fire hydrant location map nor does it maintain any
fire hydrants.
2 - 14

' POLICY 57 - The Town will continue to require the installation of additional hydrants in
new subdivisions and, as warranted, in the expansion of the county water system.
' ( IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document. See page 2, GROUP C -
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, POLICY 6 AND POLICY Z
' POLICY 58 - The Town will continue to seek the expertise of the police and fire department
in the writing of ordinances and appropriate development matters.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
' The Town continues to utilize the expertise and to seek the input of police and fire personnel
when developing applicable ordinances or with respect to specific development matters.
POLICY 59 - The Town believes that the county's present public school system is adequate
to serve Kitty Hawk's present needs and supports the continued study of the system to ensure
that it does not fall behind.*
' IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
E
Dare County is responsible for maintaining and operating the public schools serving Kitty
Hawk. The Town relies on Dare County in this regard.
( POLICY 60 - The Town will continue to allow a diversity of educational experience by
permitting private schools which are able to satisfy restrictions imposed by the Zoning
Ordinance.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kiev Hawk Town Code.
POLICY 61 - The Town believes that decentralization of the County's library system is
warranted and supports the concept of a library in the beach communities.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
During the planning period, a branch of the Dare County Library was opened in the Town of
Kill Devil Hills.
POLICY 62 - The Town encourages the installation of a "book drop" in Kitty Hawk.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The policy was not implemented as the opening of a branch of the Dare County Library in
Kill Devil Hills negated the need for a book drop in Kitty Hawk.
2 - 15
1

POLICY 63 - The Town of Kitty Hawk supports and encourages the ongoing county -wide
effort to provide additional 24-hour emergency medical services and a regional health care
facility.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
During the planning period, the Regional Medical Center was opened in Kitty Hawk.
POLICY 64 - The Town encourages mental and physical health care professionals to locate
in the community.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Regional Medical Center is relied upon to encourage health care professionals to locate
on the Outer Banks. The Town allows medical. professionals to locate in commercial zoning
districts as a permitted use by right.
POLICY 65 - The Town of Kitty. Hawk will continue to contract with Dare County for solid
waste collection and disposal and to tax residents to cover door-to-door collection as long as
this system provides efficient, economical service.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town continues to contract with Dare County for solid waste collection and disposal
services and taxes residents for door-to-door collection.
POLICY 66 - The Town will pursue the adoption of policies and ordinances regarding
cleaning up existing unauthorized dumpsand the removal of derelict automobiles and .other
unsanitary, dangerous, and unsightly conditions.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 17, Solid Waste, and Chapter 12, Nuisances (Abandoned and
Junk Vehicles), of the Kitty Hawk Town Code.
POLICY 67 - The Town will vigorously enforce its anti -dumping and anti -littering
ordinance.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document. See page 12, GROUP D -
COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES, POLICY 47.
2 - 16

POLICY 68 - The Town will vigorously enforce the noise abatement ordinance.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 10, Miscellaneous (Noise Abatement), of the Kitty Hawk Town
Shdf-
POLICY 69 - The Town, with due regard for environmental considerations and in
cooperation with County authorities, will encourage practical insect controls.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
Dare County conducts routine spraying to control insects during periods of need. The Town
relies on the County for this service.
GROUP E -- MITIGATING THE IMPACTS OF COASTAL STORMS
POLICY 70 - It has been shown that bulkheads, revetments, jetties, groins and other
structures designed to stiffen the coast and impede the natural processes which are an integral
part of the barrier island system tend to increase rather than impede beach erosion, leading to
increased risk to property and lives and loss of the public beach, one of the Town's most
valuable assets. It is, therefore, the policy of the Town to prohibit these devices. To do so
the Town adopts as its policy the CAMA policies prohibiting these devices and will
encourage strict adherence to this policy.*
' IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town supports and relies on the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and
Natural Resources' Division of Coastal Management to enforce the requirements of the
Coastal Area Management Act of 1974.
POLICY 71 North Carolina Building Code and the National Flood Insurance Program
require that a number of building practices be followed in the coastal area. It is the policy of
the Town that these practices be followed and strictly adhered to.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces the North Carolina Building Code and participates in the National Flood
Insurance Program. The Town also enforces Chapter 8, Flood Damage Prevention, of the
Kitty Hawk Town Code.
POLICY 72 - The Town will take whatever steps are necessary to insure that the Town
employees responsible for the enforcement of the Building Code and the Flood Ordinance are
properly trained and that their work loads are manageable.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This policy was implemented by the Town on a -case by case basis.
2 - 17

POLICY 73 - The Town will join with other local governments to urge that the Building
Code be professionally reviewed to insure that its provisions are adequate for a coastal
setting. *
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town routinely cooperates with other local governments with respect to the Building
Code.
POLICY 74 - Whenever the Town undertakes to build a new public structure, it will insure
that it is designed to withstand the impact of coastal storms.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town continues to enforce and comply with the North Carolina Building Code. During
the planning period, the Municipal Building of the Town of Kitty Hawk was constructed by
the Town. The building was designed to withstand the impact of coastal storms.
POLICY 75 - The Town will explore the possibility of creating a mutual aid program to
secure the services of extra building inspectors following a disaster. It will support any
effort by the Coastal Resources Commission to accomplish and coordinate a similar effort.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This policy was implemented by the Town on a case by case basis.
POLICY 76 - It is the policy of the Town to take whatever steps are necessary to insure that
property owners continue to be eligible to obtain flood insurance from the National Flood
Insurance Program. It is also the policy of the Town to vigorously enforce the provisions of
the Flood Protection Ordinance.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document. See page 16, GROUP E -
MITIGATING THE IMPACTS OF COASTAL STORMS, POLICY 71.
POLICY 77 - Almost all construction in the Ocean Erodible AEC is precluded by the CAMA
rules. The Town supports this policy, will continue to enforce it, and incorporates that
policy by reference into this Plan.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document. See page 4, GROUP C -
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, POLICY 11.
2 - 18

' - n f small the
POLICY 78 The remainder of Hazard Zone One, with the exception o a s al area at
northern most end of the zone, is designated for low density residential use by the Land Use
Plan and the Town Zoning Ordinance. This is the present policy of the Town and the Town
intends to maintain this policy in the future.*
' IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
' The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code. During the planning
period, a revised "Flood Insurance Study - Town of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina (Dare
County), " dated April 2, 1993, was received. This study and supporting map exhibits are
' relied upon by the Town for guidance as it implements this policy. They will be discussed
and incorporated in subsequent land use plan updates.
POLICY 79 - It is recognized that some lots fronting on the ocean have or may become so
shallow, because of erosion, that they cannot be built on. It is the policy of the Town to
cooperate with the State and Federal governments, to the maximum extent possible, in the
' acquisition of these lots.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
' During the planning period, no lots fronting on the ocean were acquired by the Town.
' POLICY 80 - It is also the policy of the Town to encourage property owners whose
structures are threatened by flooding to take advantage of the Federal Insurance
Administration Program offering assistance in moving the structures out of danger.
' Wherever possible the vacated land should be acquired by the public through dedication or
purchase. *
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 8, Flood Damage Prevention, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code and
' participates in the National Flood Insurance Program.
POLICY 81 - Hazard Zone Four can, according to the SLOSH Study and the NFIP maps,
expect serious flooding even in the case of a relatively minor hurricane. This area is also
some of the most environmentally sensitive and aesthetically attractive land in Kitty Hawk.
' It is the Town policy that this area develop, if it develops at all, as low density residential
and to this end the existing Zoning Ordinance, the Flood Protection Ordinance and the
relevant CAMA rules will be strictly enforced.*
' IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
' The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, and Chapter 8, Flood Damage Prevention, of the
Kitty Hawk Town Code and supports and relies on the North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health, and Natural Resources' Division Coastal Management to enforce the
' requirements of the Coastal Area Management Act of 1974.
2 - 19

IJ
POLICY 82 - It is the policy of the Town of Kitty Hawk that any reconstruction that follows
a disaster or storm related destruction shall take place in accordance with policy existing at '
the time of the storm. The development that takes place following a storm should have the
same characteristics of development allowed at the time of the storm. To this end the Town
will consider a moratorium on requests for amendments to the Zoning Ordinance or the ,
Subdivision Ordinance for an appropriate period following an officially declared disaster.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994: ,
The Town enforces Chapter 7, Environmental Control, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code and
relies on Dare County's Emergency Plan for guidance before, during, and following disasters I
or storms that result in property damage or destruction.
POLICY 83 - The Town will explore the possibility of adopting a construction moratorium
t
which would be triggered by a disaster or major destruction caused by a coastal storm or
other catastrophe.*
'
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 7, Environmental Control, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code.
'
POLICY 84 - The non-confroming structure section of the Zoning Ordinance should be
examined to see if it should be revised to follow this policy.*
'
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
'
This policy has not been implemented by the Town.
POLICY 85 - There is really very little that Kitty Hawk can do to alleviate the evacuation
'
problem in terms of evacuation per se. It can, however, and will assist the County in
whatever way it can to make the evacuation of the county as efficient as possible. The Town
'
will also urge the County and the State to formulate an evacuation plan which recognizes the
regional nature of the problem.*
'
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town relies on the evacuation plans promulgated by Dare County and enforces Chapter I
6, Emergency Preparedness, Civil Emergencies, Etc., of the K� Hawk Town Code.
2-20

'POLICY 86 - Two of the more significant bottlenecks in the evacuation network occur on
' U.S. 158 on the northern border of Kitty Hawk; one at the bridge and the other at the
intersection with Duck Road (S.R. 1203). If indeed bottlenecks do occur at these points,
there may be a number of people seeking shelter from the storm. Kitty Hawk Elementary
' School could possibly function as a shelter but more space may be needed. The Town will
urge the County to anticipate this need and deal with it.*
' IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
See previous policy (POLICY 85) and discussion. The American Red Cross will not certify
' any building in Dare County as an emergency shelter for evacuees. The closest American
Red Cross certified shelter is in TOWN STAFF TO RESEARCH AND ADVISE.
' POLICY 87 - Probably the most significant thing that can be done to alleviate the evacuation
problem is to reduce the number of people who need to be evacuated. In this respect, Kitty
Hawk has clearly taken the lead on the Outer Banks by reducing the allowed density of
development. Clearly the evacuation problem is going to get worse but at least the restraint
shown by Kitty Hawk will keep the surrounding towns' contribution to that problem of
manageable size. The Town will continue its existing low density development policy.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
0
1
n
The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code.
POLICY 88 - The Town will encourage the County to designate more shelters in or near
Kitty Hawk.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
See previous policies (POLICY 85 and POLICY 86) and discussions.
POLICY 89 - Any buildings that the Town undertakes to build will be located and designed
to provide evacuation shelter from coastal storms.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
See previous policies (POLICY 85 and POLICY 86) and discussions.
POLICY 90 - The Town will encourage developers of multi -family projects and hotels to
provide evacuation shelters for the residents, employees and occupants of their facilities.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
See previous policies (POLICY 85 and POLICY 86) and discussions.
2 - 21

POLICY 91 - The Town will actively encourage and participate in multi jurisdictional
programs to inform the public on how to effectively deal with and be a part of Dare
County's Evacuation Plan.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town participates in emergency preparedness exercises when conducted.
POLICY 92 - Septic tanks and package treatment plants are within the jurisdiction of the
County Health Department and in some cases the State of North Carolina. They are of
concern to the Town; however, the Town will urge that these facilities be designed and
located so that they will be less likely to be damaged to cause damage or serious
inconvenience by flooding.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document. See page 4, GROUP C -
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, POLICY 11.
POLICY 93 - Wells and the water distribution system within Kitty Hawk are also within the
jurisdiction of the County and are of great concern to the Town. The Town will urge the
County to design the distribution system so that it is less vulnerable to flooding and erosion
and also to develop contingency plans for relocating the water main in Virginia Dare Trail
right-of-way if erosion makes it necessary to do so. It will urge the County to play a more
active role in the design and location of private wells.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document. See page 7, GROUP D -
COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES, POLICY 26.
POLICY 94 - Most of the roads in Kitty Hawk are a part of the State road system but like
all infrastructure are of vital concern to the Town. Within the context of coastal storm
hazard mitigation there are three concerns: the proper layout of roads to facilitate
evacuation; the design of the roads so that they are free from ponding and flooding; and the
proper design of drains, culverts and bridges so that roadways do not become dams or dikes
and the cause of flooding. To this end, the Town will urge the North Carolina Department
of Transportation to incorporate these concerns into their designs as well as the concerns
about the design of Kitty Hawk roads and streets elsewhere in this plan.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document. See page 8, GROUP D -
COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES, POLICY 29.
2-22

H
F-1
11
POLICY 95 - Recognizing that there is a strong possibility that portions of the Beach Road
may be destroyed by erosion, and that another north -south road in Kitty Hawk Beach is
necessary in any case, the Town will take whatever steps are necessary and appropriate to
make Lindbergh Avenue a viable north -south thoroughfare which could serve as a
replacement for the Beach Road if necessary. In order to insure that this remains a viable
option, the necessary right-of-way will be acquired as soon as possible.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document. See page 8, GROUP D -
COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES, POLICY 29.
POLICY 96 - It is the policy, to the extent possible, to prevent the reconstruction of
structures which have been substantially damaged and are located in high hazard areas.
Where reconstruction of such sites is allowed to take place it will be so only at low
densities. *
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, and Chapter 7, Environmental Control, of the KLta
Hawk Town Code. Any reconstruction must also meet the requirements set forth by the
Coastal Area Management Act of 1974.
POLICY 97 = During reconstruction, the Town will limit the construction of public facilities
and public structures and the reconstruction of damaged facilities and structures in high
hazard areas. Public facilities such as water and roads will be extended or rebuilt in
damaged areas only when absolutely essential, and only to such size and degree necessary to
serve the level of density existing before the storm.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document See above, GROUP E -
MITIGATING THE IMPACTS OF COASTAL STORMS, POLICY 96
POLICY 98 - During reconstruction the Town will seek to relocate high density structures
away from high storm hazard areas.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document See above, GROUP E -
MITIGATING THE IMPACTS OF COASTAL STORMS, POLICY 96.
2-23

F�
POLICY 99 - All reconstruction will conform to the provisions of the North Carolina
Building Code with particular emphasis on strengthening and elevation provisions.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document See page 22, GROUP E -
MITIGATING THE IMPACTS OF COASTAL STORMS, POLICY 96. In addition, the Town
enforces the requirements of the North Carolina Building Code and supports Federal
Emergency Management Regulations regarding elevations.
POLICY 100 - The Town will comply with and enforce all CAMA requirements.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document. See page 18, GROUP E -
MITIGATING THE IMPACTS OF COASTAL STORMS, POLICY 81.
POLICY 101 - The Town will take advantage of opportunities which may arise to obtain
land in hazard areas following a storm utilizing any State or Federal applicable laws and
funds. *
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town has not implemented this policy.
POLICY 102 - During reconstruction decision making, the Town will seek to encourage
redevelopment patterns which recognize and utilize the natural mitigation features of coastal
environment. Redevelopment should take into consideration any changes in natural
conditions brought about by the storm (e.g., new inlets, changes in drainage, elevation,
etc.)*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, and Chapter 7, Environmental Control, of the Me
Hawk Town Code.
POLICY 103 - The Town will make every effort to develop its capacity to identify and
orchestrate various post -storm reconstruction resources, while at the same time ensuring
maximum local control over the reconstruction process. It will be aggressive in its pursuit of
funds for projects which will primarily effect the Town and will coordinate its efforts with
those of the County and other beach communities on projects that require joint funding or
management. *
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town has not implemented this policy.
2-24

POLICY 104 - The Town will integrate recovery and reconstruction with the broader set of
planning goals and objectives for the community.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town routinely consults the Land Use Plan Kitty Hawk, North Carolina 1989 for
guidance concerning development requests and would continue this practice to integrate
recovery and reconstruction activities following a storm event.
POLICY 105 - The Town will examine the non-confromity section of the zoning ordinance
to determine if changes are required.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces and amends as necessary, Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town
Code.
POLICY 106 - It is the policy of the Town to prohibit bulkheads, revetments, jetties, groins,
and other structures designed to stiffen the coast and impede the natural processes which are
an integral part of the barrier island system and tend to increase rather than impede beach
erosion. The Town'adopts the CAMA policies, standards and rules as of January 1, 1989
and will enforce them.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document. See page S, GROUP C -
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, POLICY I Z
POLICY 107 - It is the policy of the Town to endorse the building practices of North
Carolina Building Code and National Flood Insurance Program to establish practices and
standards to construct structures to withstand the many perils of the natural environment
including wind, flooding, soil erosion, erosion of.building materials caused by salt air,
battering from waves and debris laden flood waters, etc.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document. See page 16, GROUP E -
MITIGATING THE IMPACTS OF COASTAL STORMS, POLICY 71.
' POLICY 108 - It is the policy of the Town to take whatever steps are necessary to insure
that property owners continue to be eligible to obtain flood insurance from the National
Flood Insurance Program.
' IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
' This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document. See page S, GROUP C -
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, POLICY 18.
2-25

POLICY 109 - It is the policy of the Town to mitigate the impact of coastal storms while
recognizing the legal or practical perspective to preclude development in all hazardous
areas. *
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code.
POLICY 110 - It is the policy of the Town to continue its low density development plan that
reduces the number of people that need to be evacuated to actively participate in multi -
jurisdictional programs to inform the public on how to be effective in the Dare County
evacuation plan; to seek additional bridges and evacuation centers.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code. Also see previous
policies (POLICY 85, POLICY 86, AND POLICY 91) and discussions concerning evacuation
planning.
POLICY 111 - Land Classification System
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
No policy, with respect to "Land Classification System, " was identified on pages 59 or 81 of
the Land Use Plan Kitty Hawk, North Carolina 1989.
GROUP F - LAND USE POLICY AND REGULATIONS
POLICY 112 -- Kitty Hawk is a modest, tasteful, aesthetically pleasing, low -density,
residential community and, therefore, does not wish to promote agriculture, forestry, mining,
industry, energy facilities, or offshore drilling support services.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code.
POLICY 113 - The Town will work with Dare County, Kill Devil Hills, and Southern
Shores to ensure that zoning and development adjoining its boundaries are compatible with
adjacent land uses existing and planned in Kitty Hawk. The Town will maintain a mix of
low -density and medium -density residential uses limiting all residential uses to not more than
four units per acre.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town has not implemented this policy.
77
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2-26

' POLICY 114 - The Town will study its commercial districts, as currently constituted, to
determine if they are adequate to meet the community's needs.
' IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town has not implemented this policy.
POLICY 115 - The Town will thoroughly review areas which constitute high safety hazards
' along U.S. 158 and N.C. 12 before more development is allowed to occur there and limit
access and egress which adversely impact on public safety or welfare.
' IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
' On a case by case basis, as site plans for developments are filed, the Town reviews same with
respect to the potential impacts on public safety and welfare that might result from such
developments.
POLICY 116 - The Town has created a zoning district in which shopping malls are allowed.
It has decided to establish standards for development which will make a mall compatible with
' the character of the Town.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
' The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code.
POLICY 117 - The Town will review the existing commercial zones and revise the zoning
designation if significant portions of them are developed as residential.
' IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces and amends as necessary, Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kiev Hawk Town
' Code.
POLICY 118 - The Town will consider amending the zoning ordinance to prevent residential
' development in existing commercial districts except on the second floor.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
' The Town has not implemented this policy.
P P �'
' POLICY 119 - Owners of residential property are entitled to buffers from the sights and
sounds of commercial facilities. The Town will give highest consideration to such buffers to
protect the community's residential character.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
' The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code.
2-27

POLICY 120 - The Town does not desire structures in excess of 35 feet and will not
encourage high-rise development. The Town's current height standards comply with the
community's desires and are consistent with the current scale of development and with the
capacity of the fire department.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code.
POLICY 121 - Utility, telephone, cable television, and other transmission lines should be
placed underground. Whenever and wherever feasible to do so, they should be placed within
the right-of-way.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code.
POLICY 122 - The Town's zoning ordinance, subdivision ordinance, and other development
and redevelopment policies should address aesthetic concerns and will promote development
and redevelopment that is at a scale and uses materials appropriate to its physical
surroundings.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code.
POLICY 123 - The natural environment is discussed earlier in this Plan as are the Areas of
Environmental Concern (AECs) defined and protected under the authority of the Coastal
Area Management Act. The rules implementing the AECs in force at the time of the
adoption of this Plan are incorporated by reference and made a part of this Plan. It is the
policy of the Town that these rules as well as all other laws, regulations and rules, local,
State and Federal, affecting the development of Kitty Hawk be fairly and equitably
enforced.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document. See page 4, GROUP C -
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, POLICY 11.
POLICY 124 - Marinas serving recreational boaters and the small scale traditional fishermen
found in Kitty Hawk are encouraged; however, any such marinas must be designed and
located to protect the natural and aesthetic environment.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code.
I�
J
2-28

' POLICY 125 - The Town does not favor floating homes and/or commercial buildings in the
sound or Kitty Hawk Bay. The Town will ascertain the extent of its jurisdiction to deal with
these and take appropriate action.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town Attorney opined that the Town does not have zoning jurisdiction within Kitty Hawk
Bay.
' POLICY 126 - Entrances to Kitty Hawk should be studied and plans for their appearance
formulated. The Town should obtain the cooperation of Southern Shores so that visitors to
the Outer Banks are greeted with a pleasing setting rather than a harsh materialistic
cacophony of colors and symbols.*
' IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
' This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document. See page 2, GROUP B -
ECONOMY, POLICY 4.
' POLICY 127 - One of the serious problems confronting many beach communities is that
even though most are relatively small it is dangerous, unpleasant and, in many cases,
virtually impossible, to walk anywhere, including in the case of the by-pass, even across the
' street. A number of policies appear in this Plan that speak to this issue but a major one is
land use.*
' A. The Town encourages development that encourages pedestrian movement such as
residential and motel developments providing walkways to the beach and to
commercial areas.
' B. The Town will explore with N.C.D.O.T. the possibility of pedestrian cross walks
making it possible to cross the by-pass.
C. The Town will explore means of building and financing the construction of a bike
and/or walking trail system throughout the Town.
' D. Cluster development with commercial uses on the first floor and residential uses on
the second, especially in the beach area, will be encouraged.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
' Items A, B, and C are being considered as the Town and North Carolina Department of
Transportation officials develop the Thoroughfare Plan. Item D is implemented as the Town
enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code.
77
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2-29

POLICY 128 - There appear to be several oceanfront lots owned by the State of North
Carolina. The Town will investigate these to see if they can be added to the beach access
inventory. *
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town has taken no official action with regard to investigating or acquiring the several
oceanfront lots owned by the State of North Carolina. However, during the planning period,
five beach accesses and one sound access were developed.
POLICY 129 - The Town opposes any development, public or private, in or on the ocean
that may pose a threat to the integrity of the natural environment in or adjacent to Kitty
Hawk.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town enforces Chapter 20, Zoning, of the Kitty Hawk Town Code. It also supports. and
relies on the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources'
Division of Coastal Management to enforce the requirements of the Coastal Area Management
Act of 1974.
POLICY 130 - The Town of Kitty Hawk is located on a very fragile barrier island which is
subject to the ever changing whims of the environment. The beaches come and go with the
season, the weather and the level of the ocean. The Town will not engage in a beach
nourishment program within the foreseeable future. If, however, a beach nourishment
program is undertaken by the Town or others, full public use of the existing and nourished
portion of the beach must be assured.
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town has not undertaken a beach nourishment program in the past. However, in 1993,
the Town endorsed the concept of a beach nourishment feasibility study to be prepared by the
United States Army Corps of Engineers.
GROUP G - IMPLEMENTATION
POLICY 131 - If one of the powers of government is to be used in a way that will affect the
characteristics of development in Kitty Hawk, the Land Use Plan should guide the direction
of that change.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town routinely consults the Land Use Plan Kitty Hawk, North Carolina 1989 for
guidance concerning development requests.
1
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L
2-30

k
LIB
1
POLICY 132 - The Town of Kitty Hawk is committed to putting this new plan into practical
effect by using it constantly and consistently to guide development decisions. *
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994,
This, or a similar policy, is discussed elsewhere in this document. See page 8, GROUP G -
IMPLEMENTATION, POLICY 31.
POLICY 133 - The Town will designate its professional planner as the official charged with
overall development program responsibilities. The Planning Board will have primary
responsibility of making recommendations to Council of methods by which policies may be
implemented. *
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town employs a professional planner and maintains an appointed Planning Board with
duties and responsibilities as provided for by North Carolina General Statutes and the &Ltty
Hawk Town Code.
POLICY 134 - The Planner and Planning Board will formulate semi-annual work programs
which target specific objectives and will devise appropriate means for achieving
implementation of those objectives. The method of establishing program priorities will be
based on an assessment of planning needs and growth management requirements. The work
program will be realistic in terms of staff, time, and budget.*
IMPLEMENTATION AS OF 1994:
The Town Planner and Planning Board formulate work plans routinely.
*Denotes new policy in 1989 Land Use Plan; all others derive from the 1983 Land Use Plan.
2 - 31

TOWN OF KITTY HAWK, NORTH CAROLINA
1994 Town of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina Land Use Plan Update
APPENDIX 3
• CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN FOR TOWN OF
KITTY HAWK LAND USE PLAN UPDATE 1993194
• KITTY HAWK LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
QUESTIONS/COMMENTS FORM
SOURCE: Town of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina
3-1

Citizens Participation Plan
for
Town of Kitty Hawk
Land Use Update 1993/94
I. Designated Local Board
The Planning Board, the Town Planner and the
consultant are designated to provide the information to
the general public on the process of undating the Land
Use Plan, the meetings scheduled, the agendas, etc.
IL Schedule of Public Meetings
The Planning Board will formally begin their public
meetings on the Land Use Plan update on October 21,
1993. Then the schedule will be as follows:
October 21, 1993 - Kick off meeting
* discussion of current plan policies
* discussion of citizen participation plan
November 4, 1993 -
* continue discussion of current plan policies
December 16,1993 -
* Steve Gabriel - CAMA planner - discussion of
CAMA Land Use Update process.
January 20, 1994 -
February 17,1994
March 17, 1994
April 14, 1994
May 19,1994
June 16, 1994
July 21, 1994
August 18,1994
September 15, 1994
October 3, 1994 Council Public Hearing - (tenative)
III. Notifications Proposed
The public will be notified by:
*legal ads for the kick off meeting & concluding
public hearing.
* news releases in the local paper.
* noticies posted at the Town Hall.
[ k V W91,1MT: 1 URIn _ &L
The planning staff will meet with various community
groups throughout the course of the year. A
meeting with the Kitty Hawk Citizens Associate is
scheduled for the month of January.
Each public meeting will include a questionaire form
with some questions,but also blank space for general
comments - open ended comments.
Topical meetings will be arranged, then news
releases will be prepared. Questionaire will be
available at each of the issue/topical meetings so that
citizens and participants can provide comments.
Guest speakers from other agencies will be asked to
address the Planning Board on specific areas: such as
environmental issues, economic develop issues,
transportation issues, etc.
3-2

' Kitty Hawk Land Use Plan Update
Questions/Comments
1
1. Are you a resident property owner ? YES NO Janauaiy 2C 1"4
2. Are you retired ? YES NO gfttT Hawk Ofizens Meeting
3. Do you own/operate a business in Kitty Hawk ? YES NO
4. Do you work in Kitty Hawk ? YES NO If "no" what jurisdiction do you work in
5. Do you work in a tourist related job ? YES NO
6. Please indicate your age group (under 19) (20-29) (30-39) (40-49) (50-59) (60-64) (65+)
7. Are you a non-resident property owner? YES NO
8. Do you plan to become a resident ? YES NO
9. Where is your permanent residence? (other NC city) (Virginia) (No.Va, D.C. Maryland) (Delaware,
Pennsylvania,New Jersey, New York) (other )
Land Use Plan Policies Discussion
3-3

TOPREPARATIONIHE OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED INPART THROUGH
A GRANT PROVIDED BY THE NORTH CAROLNA COASTAL MANAGEMENT
PROGRAM, THROUGH FUNDS PROVIDED BY THE COASTAL ZONE
MANAGEMENT ACT OF 1972. AS AMENDED. OWN IS ADMINISTERED
BY THE OFFICE OF OWmW AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT.
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION.
KITTY HAWK
DARE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
GRAPHIC SCALE
1000 0 1000 2000
1 IN. = 1000 FT.
SCALE IN FEET
"' ' Kitt Hawk
Pier
y
/ - U S 158 °
Vol
°71717�'
Burgeon
Avenu% / Ct.
a.
\
Avenue Gre
Redfern
Avenue "
`\9�'gTid9e oa0000go�n""
4-
Sour d'"
Landing :: I
i
1
A-----------
EXISTING LAND USE MAP
LEGEND:
RESIDENTIAL -
SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED
®
RESIDENTIAL -
DUPLEXES
EZI
RESIDENTIAL -
MULTI -FAMILY
COMMERCIAL
PUBLIC / SEMI-PUBLIC
0
TRAILER PARK
0
CHURCH / CEMETERY
y
CONSERVATION
0
UNDEVELOPED
/ VACANT
� •••�•�i�i�i �i4,7�y•,rR/JN 11�ay •" • �����i���������t.`��\1
,
r
. A
me
High
i
-
Ridge
Point
n
Rush
Hog
,
Island
A
\
Point -
\
Goosing
_
Point J
aeo/ Stone Island`.
Hog Island
r Point
�Pollh Credo
Long
Point f.v 11
, X J
nLF 9.1a\KTY-MU 3/28/95 1-1000
.tEw 1L.T KC
VALLIAM C. OVERMAN ASSOCIATES, P.C.
Engineers • Planners
380 Cleveland Place • Virginia Beach, Va. 23462

TOWNOF THE PREPARADON OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN PART TROUGH
A GRANT PROVIDED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA COASTAL MANAGEMENT
PROGRAM. THROUGH FUNDS PROVIDED BY THE COASTAL ZONE
MANAGEMENT ACT OF 197Z AS AMENDED, WHICH IS ADMINISTERED
BY THE OFFICE OF OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT.
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION.
W07E:
REPRESENTATION OF WETLANDS AND A.E.C.'S BASED ON AERIAL
KITTY HAWK PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION AND NOT ON ACTUAL GROUND
SURVEY. CASE BY CASE. FIELD REVIEW NECESSARY FOR
DETERMINATION OF ACTUAL WETLANDS AND WETLAND BOUNDARIES.
DARE COUNTY NORTH CAROLINA
GRAPHIC SCALE
1000 0 1000 2000
1 IN. = 1000 FT.
SCALE IN FEET
Kitty Hawk
MAP 2
AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN
Pier AND FRAGILE AREAS
LEGEND:
OCEAN HAZARD A.E.C.
� ESTUARINE SYSTEMS A.E.C.
AND WETLANDS
► -� y� �S' �� '` e
Burgeon
` Avenue
Chinquapin / Ct.
Ava1u/ >��\V Gr�ens
tRedifern
Y
Avenue
r� Qr x a� i
LZ
-v \
'F p I
k
—, _
YJyLSJ
— — — — — — — — — — —
V /
— — — — — — — — — — — — \
—'— — — — — — — — — — — �o \ \\9 \ Y'
lop
06
' i'w�♦
im '±
��♦ ►♦
0.
Sound
r �
:� i+may♦' ►►� i�' °�`
Landing r �♦ ♦ ♦�♦♦� <��� ♦A `
i�♦♦i ,:� ♦♦ �► ' , i�a ♦♦i�� °' � i♦♦ ♦ ♦e , ma's=. �
OR
�♦��►� ►p, i��♦�i !►♦0 ��i♦i �t � `c `'ate♦ '•�� � � '� ' � I .'•`�ti
♦♦♦f / � � rr a��, >e��♦� �. ��j,► �t �r �iy � ♦''�'' ®���'r ♦ �'"' .. .tom ,.���.�♦`i
®� �� � ♦ g;*►' � ,�I�15
ate•,
IVA
►♦ ti♦ 0:
'Sw" aeo
Hog Island
Hay
Point
SK.
nIL "1A\KTY-AEC 1\27\45 t�t0pp
NEW.'- WG -
VALUAM C. OVERMAN ASSOCIATES, P.C.
Engineers • Planners
380 Cleveland Place • Virginia Beach, Va. 23462

TOWNOF THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED M PART THROUGH
A GRANT PROVIDED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA COASTAL MANAGEMENT
PROGRAM, THROUGH FUNDS PRONGED BY THE COASTAL ZONE
MANAGEMENT ACT OF 197Z AS AMENDED, 04M IS ADMINISTERED
BY 1HE OFFICE OF OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT.
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION.
WaL
HAZARD AREA ZONES ARE SHOMM AS APPROXIMATIONS Q=
KITTY HAWK EACH CLASSIFICATION IS GENERAL, NOT SITE SPECIFIC.
THE TOM OF KILL DEVIL HILLS ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY OR
LIABILITY FOR DESCREPANCIES IN THE RISK AREAS APPROXIMATED
ON PIS MAP AS COMPARED TO THE RESULTS OF AN ACTUAL
DARE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA STTXtMr'"T.
1000
1 IN. = 1000 FT. Q
Burgeou
Avenue
Chinquapin -1 ./f?
W69hIaCid9e
r X_:
4- \
LL 20 1 �'
' _ _ _ _
------------
— — — —
- — — — — — — — — — — — —
----i_ r------------
-°_'------------ \
a
6.
Ix­
—,
40
�\ V w
11� Austin s ���\ \\ A���'
' Cemeter Street \ J \ 1 \
Sound
Landing
e lone !Ta►icl I
Kitty Haw
;Landing Ir
I
Shellbank
Point
a
High
dge
Point J L
,
/ Rush
/ / 1 Hog �9
Island
Paint
J \ I 1
Goosing
� '^• �. Point
—` Stone IslandHog Island
r ( Point
t % tip
Long\ _. l
Point
GRAPHIC SCALE
0 1000
SCALE IN FEET
2000
MAP 3
COMPOSITE HAZARDS
LEGEND:
HAZARD AREA ONE
HAZARD AREA TWO
HAZARD AREA THREE
HAZARD AREA FOUR
MAP
WILLIAM C. OVERMAN. ASSOCIATES, P.C.
Engineers • Planners
380 Cleveland Place • Virginia Beach, Va. 23462
me,xu�,crr-a� ,11TR5 i-+ooa
NCW. ROT YLC

TOWN OF
KITTY HAWK
DARE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
GRAPHIC SCALE
1000 0 1000 2000
1 IN. = 1000 FT.
SCALE IN FEET
w69"` 6
7HE PREPARATION OF THIS AMP WAS FINANCED IN PART W=GH
A GRANT PROVIDED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA COASTAL MANAGEMENT
PROORAM, THROUGH FUNDS PROVIDED BY 1HE COASTAL ZONE
MANAGEMENT ACT OF 197Z AS AMENDED, IMNCH IS ADMNNISIERED
BY 1!E OFFICE OF OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION.
MAP 4
LAND CLASSIFICATI
ON SYSTEM
G0VALUAM C. OVERMAN ASSOCIATES. P.C.
Engineers • Planners
„>a — 380 Cleveland Place WOW Beach, Va. 23462
FU 94t4\Ktt1C 1/27/65 4-1DW - -
NCM SLOT KG