Land Use Plan Update-1993

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William C. Overman Associates, PC. Engineers 9 Planners
i
I
October 14, 1993
iThe Joseph G. Deneke Mayor
i Town of Kill Devil Hills
Post Office Box 1719
Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina 27948
i
iDear Mayor Deneke:
We take pleasure in presenting the 1993 Town of Kill Devil Hills Land Use.
Plan Update.
iThe 1993 Update, its maps and appendices, reflect the attention to detail
and forethought evident throughout this project. This document represents the
i diligent efforts of the Town's elected and appointed leadership and capable
staff. It will serve Kill Devil Hills for many years as a guide to land use
and development.
i We appreciate our continuing working relationship with the Town of Kill
Devil Hills. We stand ready to assist you as you work toward implementation
of the policies contained in this document.
i
Very truly yours,
iWILL ERMAN ASSOCIATES, P.C.
I
WRT:Iat
C
By
wi I I 1 am" K I urner, ff., A. I . L. F.
Planner- -Charge
380 Cleveland Place • Virginia Beach, VA 23462-6529 U.S.A.
Telephones: [phone] • [phone]
Telecopier: [phone]

'
1993
TOWN OF KILL DEVIL HILLS
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
APPROVED BY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
September 13, 1993
CERTIFIED BY COASTAL RESOURCES COMMISSION
September 24, 1993
Board of Commissioners
0
I
Joseph G. Deneke, Mayor Terence L. Gray, Mayor Pro Tempore
Lurana J. Cowan, Commissioner Lacy J. McNeill, Commissioner
Fred G. Castellow, Commissioner
Planning Board
William Schmidt, Chairman
John B. Gladden John I. Robey, III
Raymond P. Sturza
C. D. Hymes, Jr.
Ed Janicki (Alternate)
Mike Murray (Alternate)
Staff
Debora P. Diaz, Town Manager
William G. Loy, Director of Planning and Development
Claire Waterfield, Deputy Clerk
Consultants
William C. Overman Associates, P.C.
380 Cleveland Place
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
East Carolina University Regional Development Institute
Greenville, North Carolina 27834-4353
William R. Turner, Jr. AICP
Certified As Planner -In -Charge By The
North Carolina Division of Coastal Management
The preparation of this document was financed in part through a grant provided
by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by
the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by
the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
' The Board of Commissioners and Planning Board wish to express their gratitude
to all the people who gave of their time and talent to make this Update a
success. Special thanks to former Planning Board member Mr. Phillip L. Tate
' and former Town Manager W. Alden Hoggard III for their contributions to this
effort and to land use planning generally in Kill Devil Hills. Thanks also to
Mr. Stephen R. Gabriel of the North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Coastal Management, for his overall
tassistance.
n
1
ri
11

H
1993
TOWN OF KILL DEVIL HILLS
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
Letter of Transmittal
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of Tables, List of Exhibits, List of Appendices, List of Maps .
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
...................... . .
II. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. Authority to Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. History of Kill Devil Hills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
III. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. Establishment of Information Base . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. 1992 Town of Kill Devil Hills Public
Opinion Survey . . .
3. Review of 1987 Town of Kill Devil Hills
Land Use Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Introduction . . . . . . . .
b. Policies Selected and Implementation
Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C. Comparison of 1987 Land Use Policies
to Policies of Adjoining Townships . . . . .
d. Improvements Anticipated in 1993 Town
of Kill Devil Hills Land Use Plan Update
B. Present Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Existing Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Community Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Housing and Accommodations . . . . . . . . . . . . .
92-32 i - i
1
4
4
4
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
10
12
12
12
L

[4
8.
Current Plans and Regulations . . . . . . . . . . .
. 13
a. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 13
b. Kill Devil Hills Town Code, Chapter 19,
Subdivision Regulations . . . . . .
. 13
C. Kill Devil Hills Town Code, Chapter 21,
Zoning . . . . . . . .
�Hills
. 13
d. Kill Devil Town Code, Chapter 8,
Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance . . . . .
. 15
e. Town of Kill Devil Hills Stormwater
Management Plan Update, 1988 . . . . . . .
. 16
f. Town of Kill Devil Hills 1990 Shoreline
Access Plan Update . . . . . . . . .
. 16
g. Town of Kill Devil Hills Recreational
Facilities Plan, 1989 . . . . . . . . . . .
. 16
h. Site Plan Review . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 16
9.
Constraints, Land Suitability . . . . . . . . . . .
. 17
a. Introduction . . . . . . . .
. 17
b. Physical Limitations for Development . . . .
. 17
(1) Man -Made and Natural Hazard Areas . . .
. 17
(2) Areas with Soil Limitations . . . .
. 18
(3) Water Supply Sources; Estimated
Quality and Quantity . . . . .
. 22
(4) Areas Where Predominant Slope
Exceeds Twelve Percent . . . . .
. 23
C. Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC) and
Fragile Areas . . . . . . . . . . .
. 23
d. Areas with Resource Potential . . . . . . . .
. 27
10.
Constraints, Carrying Capacity Analysis . . . .
. 28
a. Introduction . ' . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 28
b. Existing Water and Sewer Service Areas . . .
. 28
C. Design Capacity of Community
Facilities; Utilization and Remaining
Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 30
d. Buildout Considerations . . . . . . . . . . .
. 31
Estimated Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 32
1.
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 32
2.
Population .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 32
a. Seasonal Population . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 32
b. Local Objectives Concerning Growth . . . .
. 32
3.
Economy; Anticipated Social and Economic Changes .
. 32
4.
Future Land Need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 32
5.
Community Facilities Demand . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 33
6.
Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33
7.
Housing and Accommodations . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 33
92-32 i - ii

'
IV. LAND
USE
ISSUES, BACKGROUND, POLICIES, AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
34
A.
Introduction
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
35
B.
Resource
Protection Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.
Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC). . . . . . . . .
35
'
2.
Hazardous or Fragile Areas
�Swamps,
35
a. 404 Wetlands, Freshwater and�Marshes
35
'
3.
b. Maritime Forests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Means of Protection of Potable Water Supply
36
36
4.
Package Treatment Plants . . . . . . . . . . .
37
5.
Stormwater Runoff and Potential Impacts on
Coastal Wetlands, Surface Waters, or Other
Fragile Areas .•• .
37
6.
Marinas, Floating Homes, Dry Stack
Storage Facilities, and Mooring of
'
Vessels in Public Trust Waters •
39
7.
Industrial Impact on Fresh Pond AEC . . . . . . . . .
39
8.
Development of Sound and Estuarine System
Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
9.
Restriction of Development within Areas Up
to Five Feet Above Mean High Water
Susceptible to Sea Level Rise and Wetland
Loss •.
40
10.
Upland Excavation for Marina Basins . . . . . . . . .
40
11.
12.
Estuarine Bulkhead Installation . . . . . . . . .
Flood Plain Management; National Flood
41
Insurance Program Community Rating
System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
13.
Duneplowing and Revegetation . . . . . . . . . . . .
42
14.
Areas of Archaeological or Historical Significance .
43
'
C.
Resource
Management Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43
1.
Importance of Agriculture, Forestry, Mining,
Fishing, and Recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43
2.
Existing and Potential Mineral Production
Areas within Town Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
3.
Commercial and Recreational Fisheries; Nursery and
Habitat Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
4.
Wildlife Management
45
5.
Off -Road Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
'
D.
Economic
and Community Development Issues . . . . . . . . .
46
1.
Community Attitudes Concerning Residential,
Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional
Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
2.
Local Architectural Review Standards . . . . . . . .
46
' 92-32 i - iii
11

3.
Types and Locations of Industries Desired . . . . .
. 47
4.
Local Commitment to Service Provision
to Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 47
5.
Uniform Planning Corridor Overlays and Inter -
jurisdictional Regulatory Consistency . . . . .
. 48
6.
Redevelopment of Developed Areas . . . . . . . . .
. 48
7.
Commitment to State and Federal Programs . . . . .
. 49
a. Erosion Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 49
b. Public Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 50
C. Highway Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 50
d . Dredging . . . . . . . .
. 50
e. Wright Brothers National Historic Site . . .
. 50
8.
Local Rules Concerning Beach Erosion . . . . . . .
. 50
9.
Channel Maintenance and Beach Nourishment . . . . .
. 51
10.
Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Exploration,
Development, and Production . . . . . . . . . .
52
11.
Energy Facility Siting and Development . . . . . .
. 53
12.
Tourism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 53
13.
Coastal and Estuarine Water Beach Access . . . . .
. 54
14.
Albemarle -Pamlico Estuarine Study . . . . . . . . .
. 54
15.
Recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 55
16.
Consolidation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 55
17.
Water Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 56
18.
Water Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 56
19.
Sewer Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 57
20.
Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 57
21.
Transportation - Local Roads . . . . . . . . . . .
. 58
22.
Transportation - Interjurisdictional Roads
58
23.
Regulation of Short Term Rentals . . . . . . . . .
. 59
24.
Recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 60
25.
Community Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 60
26.
Annexation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 61
27.
Historic Preservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 62
28.
Housing Mix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 62
29.
Building Heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 63
30.
Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 64
31.
Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ .
. 64
32.
Capital Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 64
33.
Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 65
E. Public Education and Citizen Participation . . . . . . .
. 65
F. Natural Hazards Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 67
1.
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 67
2.
Storm Hazard Mitigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 67
3.
Post -Disaster Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 69
4.
Hurricane Evacuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 70
92-32 i - iv

V. LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
B. Land Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Workshops and Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
APPENDICES
MAPS
92-32
i - v

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1
1990 Population By Age Group, Town of Kill Devil Hills
8
TABLE 2
1990 Population By Race, Town of Kill Devil Hills
9
TABLE 3
Comparison of 1980 and 1990 Populations for Selected
Outer Banks Localities, Percent of Growth . . . . . .
. . 9
TABLE 4
Tax Revenue By Source Fiscal Year 1991, Town of
Kill Devil Hills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 10
LIST OF EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT 1
Soil Types and Characteristics in Kill Devil Hills,
North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 20
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX
1 1992 Town of Kill Devil Hills Public Opinion Survey
Summary; Survey Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 - 1
APPENDIX
2 Review of 1987 Town of Kill Devil Hills Land Use Plan
Policies Selected in 1987 and Implementation
Analysis as of 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 - 1
APPENDIX
3 Comparison of 1987 Land Use Policies to Policies of
Adjoining Townships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 - 1
APPENDIX
4 Public Education and Citizen Participation Plan for Use
in Preparing the 1993 Town of Kill Devil Hills
Land Use Plan Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 - 1
APPENDIX
5 Elements of Emergency Management Planning . . . . . . .
5 - 1
APPENDIX
6 Hazard Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 - 1
APPENDIX
7 Post Disaster Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 7 - 1
LIST OF MAPS
MAP 1
Existing Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SLEEVE 1
MAP 2
Zoning Districts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SLEEVE 2
MAP 3
Flood Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SLEEVE 3
MAP 4
Soil Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SLEEVE 4
MAP 5
Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC) and Fragile Areas
SLEEVE 5
MAP 6
Areas of Archaeological or Historical Significance/
Shoreline Access Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SLEEVE 6
MAP 7
Land Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SLEEVE 7
92-32
i - vi

L
� I. EXECUTIVE SUNIlVIARY

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
As the word update implies, the planning effort represented by this
' document was geared toward providing a "snapshot" of the Town of Kill
Devil Hills in 1992 as compared to 1987. Generally, the picture shows a
town that is an appealing place to live and to visit, a town that has
' made definite strides, and a town that is looking for better ways to
serve the public and meet the demands of the future.
CHAPTER II This Update is formatted along the planning guidelines
' INTRODUCTION of Subchapter 7B of the North Carolina Administrative
Code, October 1989. Every effort has been made to
adhere to state guidelines while developing a document
' to meet the needs of Kill Devil Hills. The
INTRODUCTION contains the "Authority to Plan" and the
"History of Kill Devil Hills."
'
CHAPTER III
Current plans and documents were relied upon to
DATA COLLECTION
provide the base data for this Update. The results
AND ANALYSIS
of a citizen survey were also evaluated throughout the
process, particularly in policy development and
implementation planning. Analysis of policies
contained in the 1987 Plan served to explain where the
Town had been successful and where more work was
'
needed. Analysis of the policies adopted by
neighboring townships served to show commonalities
'
while highlighting areas requiring further evaluation
and discussion.
The Dare County Carrying/Development Study Final
Report by Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc. anticipates
that in the next five years Kill Devil Hills will
experience an increase in its permanent population
from its present 4,238 persons to over 6,300 persons.
'
This document and the various reports prepared during
its developmwent in 1986, are commonly referred to as
the Carrying Capacity Study. To date, its estimates
and projections have proven to be reliable. Planning
for the needs of the permanent population will become
even more of a priority. Redevelopment,
regionalization, and infrastructure renovation will be
important concepts during the planning period (1992-
1997).
'
CHAPTER IV
The policies and implementation strategies contained
LAND USE ISSUES,
in this Update were formulated considering the citizen
BACKGROUND,
POLICIES, AND
survey, present policies and implementation strategies,
and public input generated at regularly scheduled
IMPLEMENTATION
meetings of the Planning Board. While there is
STRATEGIES
general satisfaction with the Town and its service
provision and a desire by many to maintain the status
quo, the realization that the only constant is change
1
92-32 - 1 -

led to a vigorous examination of issues, policies, and
implementation strategies.
Kill Devil Hills needs strong leadership from within
to meet its needs while promoting regional harmony and
cooperative efforts to solve multijurisdictional
problems. Opportunities for regional cooperation
exist, particularly in uniform planning initiatives
and utility service provision.
This Update focuses primarily on issues facing the
Town and in some cases its neighbors, during the next
five years. In fact, many of the issues considered in
the Update extend beyond the five year planning
period. For example, there is some support in Town to
participate in a community -wide sewer system.
Similarly, there is realization that without support
among neighboring jurisdictions, such a system is not
economically nor politically feasible at this time.
In this regard, the Town may want to promote a study
of area -wide sewer needs and available alternatives
for the purpose of education, discussion, and
evaluation.
During the planning period, the Town must face its
water distribution system needs as well as the
question of a community -wide approach to sewer
service. It must also face the likelihood of ever
increasing controversies over land use and zoning
guidelines as sometimes conflicting uses vie for space
and prominence. Given its reliance on tourism, the
Town must be diligent in its promotion of tourism and
continue to push for more state and federal
recognition of tourism as an industry.
The Town is committed to the implementation of the
policies stated herein in a timely manner. It should
charge itself with an implementation review and status
report mid -way through the planning period.
CHAPTER V The land classification system provides a framework to
LAND be used by the Town to identify the future use of all
CLASSIFICATION lands. As such, the land classification system is a
SYSTEM tool to help implement policies. The designation of
land classes allows the'Town to illustrate its policy
statements as to where and to what density it wants
growth to occur and where it wants to conserve natural
and cultural resources by guiding growth.
Developed Land in this classification provides the setting for '
the most intensive levels of development in Kill Devil
Hills. Most basic public services are available in
92-32 - 2 - I

'
this class and permissible housing densities and
commercial uses are the most liberal available in Kill
Devil Hills.
Limited Transition Land in this classification provides the setting for
future development. Basic public services may already
be available in this class, or can be anticipated
'
within the next five to ten years. The
characteristics of this land make it suitable for
future development without the potential for the loss
of irreplaceable natural resources. In Kill Devil
Hills, land in this class includes the Morrison Tract,
which lies between First Flight Village and Wright
'
Woods, and the Baum Tract, which is owned by the Town.
Community Lands in this classification provide for a mix of low
density housing, shopping, and employment needs and
are generally not serviced by off -site wastewater
treatment plants. Single family residential lots of
'
12-15,000 square feet dominate this land class in Kill
Devil Hills, with housing densities limited to six
units per acre. Although developed past the rural
stage, this land class is limited in its ability to
'
sustain urban growth by the absence of wastewater
treatment.
' Conservation Lands in this classification have been identified as
retaining significant or irreplaceable natural
resources, scenic vistas, recreational sites, or
' cultural values to such a degree that careful
management practices are necessary to insure the
long-term viability of those resources. Carefully
' planned and managed development is recommended on
lands in this class.
I
1
92-32 - 3 -

n
' II. INTRODUCTION
�L

II. INTRODUCTION
A.
Authority to Plan
The Coastal Area Management Act of 1974 (CAMA) establishes a
cooperative program of coastal area management between local
governments and the state. Land use planning lies at the center
of local government's involvement. Subchapter 7B - Land Use
Planning Guidelines of the North Carolina Administrative Code,
October 1989, were promulgated for the purpose of assisting
localities with the preparation of land use plans and sets forth
general standards for their review.
This land use plan, when approved by the Coastal Resources
Commission (CRC), will become part of the North Carolina Coastal
Management Plan for the protection, preservation, orderly
development, and management of the coastal area of North
Carolina -- which is the primary objective of CAMA.
SOURCE: North Carolina Administrative Code, October 1989.
History of Kill Devil Hills
While the first recorded accounts by a European expedition of the
Southeast coast of the United States date to the early 1500's, it
was not until July of 1584 that Sir Walter Raleigh's ships found
the "abundant" New World known today as North Carolina's Outer
Banks. Raleigh's colony was established and was lost on Roanoke
Island. Successful settlement of the Banks did not come for
another seventy-five years.
Colington Island, near Kill Devil Hills, was the first land grant
issued in the New World by the Lords Proprietors of Carolina. A
plantation settlement was soon established with crops and
livestock. Abundant timber provided lumber for boats and homes,
and the island's grasses were ideal to support livestock. Early
settlers lived off the land, water, and salvage operations from
shipwrecks.
Kill Devil Hill is the largest sand hill in the area and is now
grassed over with the Wright Brothers National Memorial situated
on the top. Many legends and folktales are associated with the
origin of the name Kill Devil Hills or Kill Devil Hill. One
account involves a legendary liquor made on the Banks and sold on
the hill that was so bad it would "kill the devil." Another is
the story of an Outer -Banks Hermit known as "Fresh Pond Will" who
vowed to give the Devil his soul for a bag of gold. The tale goes
on to explain how Fresh Pond Will tricked the Devil to fall to his
death into a pit of quicksand, a trap that Will had prepared
previously, thus "killing the devil on the hill."
92-32 - 4 -

' Livelihoods of the early inhabitants, or "bankers," included
scavengers, boat builders, fishermen, coast guardsman, pilots, and
lumbermen. By 1878, the federal government had constructed a
' lifesaving station in Kill Devil Hills. The Wright Brothers made
history in 1903 with the first successful heavier than air powered
flight at Kill Devil Hills. This event is marked by a monument
' made of granite, sixty-one feet in height. Designed also as an
aid to navigation, the landmark is known as the Wright Brothers
National Memorial.
'
By the time the first
post office was established
in Kill Devil
Hills in 1938, it was
clear the area had a future
of tourism and
cottage development.
The Town of Kill Devil Hills
was
'
incorporated in 1953.
Kill Devil Hills is located within Dare County. Its
neighbors to
'
the North are the towns of Kitty Hawk and Southern
neighbor to the South is the Town of Nags Head.
Shores. Its
Kill Devil Hills is a resort community of 4,238 residents with a
' peak seasonal population of 40,000. Development is mostly single
family cottages but also includes resort accommodations,
restaurants, and other commercial services necessary to meet the
needs of the area's year round and seasonal population.
SOURCES: 1987 Town of Kill Devil Hills Land Use Plan; 1990 Census
' of Population and Housing, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of
the Census; and, Staff Estimates.
I
1 92-32 - 5 -

� III. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Establishment of Information Base
1.
2.
3.
Introduction
This document was prepared utilizing existing local plans
and studies as well as information provided by federal,
state, regional, and private agencies.
Policy development and the analysis of anticipated future
conditions relied heavily on a review of 1987 land use
policies and citizen input. Citizen input was generated
through public forums and through a citizen survey.
1992 Town of Kill Devil Hills Public Opinion Survey
Prepared by the East Carolina University Regional
Development Institute, APPENDIX 1 summarizes the responses
generated from the 1992 Town of Kill Devil Hills Public
Opinion Survey. A copy of the survey form is also included.
The results of the survey indicate a general satisfaction
concerning Town services and development patterns.
Review of 1987 Town of Kill Devil Hills Land Use Plan
a. Introduction
Rule .0202(a)(3) - Data Collection and Analysis,
Subchapter 7B, of the North Carolina Administrative
Code, October 1989, requires a locality to ". .
analyze how effectively it has implemented its
policies as contained in its current plan of record."
Further, this evaluation should occur at the beginning
of the planning process and "should include statements
as to what improvements the local government intends
to make in this plan update."
SOURCE: North Carolina Administrative Code, October 1989.
b. Policies Selected and Implementation Analysis
On August 10, 1987, the Kill Devil Hills Board of
Commissioners adopted policies and implementation
strategies as a part of the 1987 Town of Kill Devil
Hills Land Use Plan. The land use issues, for which
these policies and implementation strategies apply,
were grouped generally into four major categories with
specific issues identified for closer analysis. The
four major categories were:
92-32 - 6 -

• Resource Protection Production, and Management;
• Economic and Community Development;
' • Public Participation; and,
• Hurricane Mitigation Planning.
Each specific issues section included "Policies
'
Considered," "Discussion," "Policy Selected," and
"Implementation Strategy." The Town Planning Board
'
reviewed these policies and analyzed the Town's
implementation efforts as of 1992. The findings, as
summarized in APPENDIX 2, provide the foundation upon
which policies driving 1993 Town of Kill Devil Hills
'
Land Use Plan Update are developed.
'
C. Comparison of 1987 Land Use Policies to Policies of
'
Adjoining Townships
During the policy discussion process, the Town
'
compared its 1987 land use policies to those of Kitty
Hawk and Nags Head found in their land use plans of
record. See APPENDIX 3. Generally, the three
localities adopted land use policies that were
'
consistent with each other except for support of a
community -wide sewer system and with respect to
building heights. Kill Devil Hills, unlike Kitty Hawk
and Nags Head, supports a community -wide sewer system.
Also, Kill Devil Hills allows building heights of up
to 50' in commercial zoning districts.
'
The Town's Director of Planning and Development met
with other area planning professionals at" quarterly,
area -wide planning luncheons to discuss land use
planning and in May.1992, discussed policy issues with
'
the Nags Head Planning Director. The Dare County
Planning Director serves on the Kill Devil Hills
Planning Board and regularly provides insights from
'
the County's point of view. These meetings and
discussions focused on land use planning issues and
policies of the Outer Banks localities.
'
d. Improvements Anticipated in 1993 Town of Kill Devil
Hills Land Use Plan Update
'
The Town has made significant strides in directing its
growth and maintaining quality service delivery
systems. To promote and guide continued orderly
'
development, improvements to the 1993 Town of Kill
Devil Hills Land Use Plan Update include:
• THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ACTION DEADLINES WHERE
APPLICABLE;
1 92-32 - 7 -

• THE PROMOTION OF SUBSTANTIAL AND MEANINGFUL
INTERACTION IN THE KILL DEVIL HILLS PLANNING
PROCESS BY GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES WITH PROGRAMS,
REGULATIONS, AND RULES THAT IMPACT THE TOWN THROUGH
INTERAGENCY REVIEW OF THE LAND USE PLAN; AND
• THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF OPEN REVIEW AND DEBATE OF
ISSUES, POLICIES, AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
THROUGH THE USE OF A ROUND TABLE MEETING FORMAT AT
PLANNING BOARD MEETINGS DURING PLAN UPDATE.
B. Present Conditions
1. Introduction
Published information, field reviews, and estimates were
used to prepare the following sections describing Kill Devil
Hills at present and during the recent past.
2. Population
The 1990 population of Kill Devil Hills was,4;238. There
were 2,158 males and 2,080 females in Kill Devil Hills. The
median age was 32.2 years. TABLE 1 provides a breakdown of
population by age group.
TABLE 1
1990 Population By Age Group
Town of Kill Devil Hills
SOURCE: 1990 Census of Population and Housing, U.S.
Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
92-32 - 8 -

11
P
C
1
92-32
TABLE 2 provides a breakdown of the Town's 1990
population by race.
TABLE 2
1990 Population By Race
Town of Kill Devil Hills
SOURCE: 1990 Census of Population and Housing, U.S.
Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
TABLE 3 provides a comparison of 1980 and 1990 populations
for selected Outer Banks localities and percentages of
population growth.
TABLE 3
Comparison of 1980 and 1990 Populations for Selected
Outer Banks Localities, Percent of Growth
SOURCE: 1990 Census of Population and Housing, U.S.
Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
3. Economy
The economy of Kill Devil Hills relies primarily on tourism
as its main industry. Some light industry, including
storage and warehouse facilities and an ice producing plant,
are located near the Fresh Pond. In 1991-92, tax revenues
from all sources totalled $4,445,262. TABLE 4 provides a
breakdown of tax revenue by source and an indication of the
Town's reliance on tourism related revenue sources.

4.
TABLE 4
Tax Revenue By Source Fiscal Year 1991
Town of Kill Devil Hills
SOURCE: Department of Planning and Development, Town of
Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina.
Existing Land Use
Since the 1987 Town of Kill Devil Hills Land Use Plan, one
major subdivision has been reviewed with forty-five lots
proposed. To date, no final plat for this development has
been submitted for approval and recordation. Since 1987,
minor subdivisions and boundary adjustments have occurred
routinely. From fiscal year 1987 through 1991, 45 permits
for new commercial construction were issued while permits
for new residential construction totalled 1,039. During the
same period, permits for additions, alterations, and
conversions to commercial buildings numbered 275 with
another 339 permits for like activities to residential
structures.
The Town is primarily a residential resort community.
However, recent trends show movement toward increased
construction of lodgings and accommodations and structures
normally associated with a service economy. Each summer the
Town's population swells to a seasonal peak estimated at
40,000, a substantial increase over the 1990 census
population of 4,238.
92-32 - 10 -

'
In June 1992, the Town planning staff prepared an existing
land use map based on aerial photographs, field research,
and existing maps. See MAP 1.
'
Presently, 95-98% of the private land in Kill Devil Hills
with development potential has been platted. There are
approximately 6,860 parcels in Town and approximately 3,800
'
total acres. The 333 acre Baum Tract is being developed
with public facilities. None of this tract is expected to
be used for residential development.
Land use patterns in Kill Devil Hills reflect the
orientation of the community to the Atlantic shoreline and
the economic base provided by tourism. The immediate
'
oceanfront in Kill Devil Hills provides the setting for a
number of hotels, motels, and condominium projects, most of
which were constructed from 1970 - 1980. Some of the older
'
"motor court" motels date back to the 19601s. Since 1980,
changes in regulatory policies and amendments to the Town's
Zoning Ordinance have reduced the scale of oceanfront
'
structures and created a market for residential structures
suitable for year-round living or seasonal rental
accommodations. This oceanfront district is best defined by
NC 12 (Virginia Dare Trail) popularly referred to as the
'
"Beach Road," and all land that lies to the east of Virginia
Dare Trail.
'
On the west side of Virginia Dare Trail, a second tier of
residential structures has developed. Due to their
proximity to the Atlantic beaches, these structures have
traditionally served as second homes for many of the Town's
seasonal residents. These cottages also provide seasonal
accommodations for tourists when not occupied by the owner.
'
In the late 1960's and early 19701s, the presence of a
second major transportation route, U.S. 158 (Croatan
Highway) began to impact land use in Kill Devil Hills. By
1974, the Kill Devil Hills Board of Commissioners had
established a strip of commercial zoning approximately 300
feet deep on both the eastern and western sides of the U.S.
158 right-of-way. Since then, a growing food -service
'
industry has begun to line U.S. 158 in Kill Devil Hills,
particularly on its southern border. An average daily
'
traffic flow in excess of 15,000 vehicles during the peak
seasonal population surge has helped establish this section
of Kill Devil Hills as the commercial hub of the Northern
Beaches of Dare County. In 1983, the Kill Devil Hills Board
of Commissioners rezoned the remaining land between NC 12
and U.S. 158 into a commercial zoning district, removing the
land use restrictions that had applied to this formerly
residential setting. Today, ample land is available for
'
transition into commercial uses between NC 12 and U.S. 158
92-32
- 11 -

5.
91
7.
92-32
at the northern and southern ends of Town. A residential
district in the vicinity of the Wright Brothers National
Historic Site is intended to serve as a residential buffer
between the two commercial districts. Zoning guidelines in
the commercial district also permit multi -family residential
housing at liberal density ratios, providing a setting where
the potential for conflict with single family neighborhoods
is minimal. From time to time, business or commercial uses
and residential uses come into conflict, primarily due to
actions of individuals.
On the western side of U.S. 158, almost the entire length of
the Town, are several single-family residential
subdivisions. These subdivisions vary in lot size from
5,000 square feet in Avalon Beach, one of the oldest
subdivisions in Kill Devil Hills, to 15,000 square feet in
Wright Woods, one of the newest. The majority of the Town's
year-round residents live in either Avalon Beach or Wright
Woods, both of which are subject to the Town's most
prohibitive zoning classification, RL.
SOURCES: Department of Planning and Development, Town of
Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina and 1987 Town of Kill Devil
Hills Land Use Plan.
Community Facilities
Community facilities adequate to meet the current needs of
the citizens of Kill Devil Hills exist. The Town completed
and opened its Administrative Services Building in 1988.
Also, two new schools, First Flight Elementary and First
Flight Middle School opened in the 1991-92 school year.
Community facilities are discussed in greater detail in
Section 10, pages 28 through 32.
Transportation
Many of the current transportation system needs of Kill
Devil Hills are being met or have been planned for by the
Town or the North Carolina Department of Transportation.
There are approximately 51.5 miles of hard surfaced roads
and about 5.4 miles of gravel, soil, or stone roads in the
Town.
Housing and Accommodations
There are approximately 4,100 single family dwellings, 840
multifamily dwellings, and 1,632 motel/hotel rooms in the
Town. At present, the private sector adequately meets the
housing and accommodation needs of the citizens of Kill
Devil Hills.
- 12 -
d
P

' 8. Current Plans and Regulations
a. Introduction
The Town of Kill Devil Hills uses the police power
vested in the Board of Commissioners to enforce a
number of growth management guidelines. The Town also
' maintains a professional staff to administer these
growth management guidelines and various advisory
groups to develop plans and to make recommendations to
the Board of Commissioners concerning land use and
growth management.
' b. Kill Devil Hills Town Code, Chapter 19, Subdivision
Regulations
Chapter 19 of the Town Code provides guidelines for
' the subdivision or recombination of parcels of land in
Kill Devil Hills. Minimum standards for subdivision
plat preparation, review, and recordation are set
' forth in this chapter. (See Kill Devil Hills Town
Code, Chapter 19).
c. Kill Devil Hills Town Code, Chapter 21, Zoning
1
Chapter 21 of the Town Code provides local guidelines
for land use through the establishment of zoning
districts. Permitted and prohibited uses..for each
Zoning District are defined in this chapter, as are
the minimum lot sizes, maximum building heights,
population density ratios, minimum yard setbacks, and
other appropriate guidelines. (See Kill Devil Hills
Town Code, Chapter 21).
The Town's first zoning ordinance was adopted on June
4, 1953. In 1974, the Kill Devil Hills Board of
Commissioners adopted a more extensive Zoning
Ordinance and Official Zoning Map. Since that time,
the text of the Zoning Ordinance has been amended and
changes to the Zoning Map have been recorded. See MAP
2. From 1983 to 1985, a comprehensive rezoning master
plan was implemented. In November 1991, the text of
the Zoning Ordinance was modified, thereby completing
this effort.
The two major transportation routes serving the Town,
NC 12 (Virginia Dare Trail) and U.S. 158 (Croatan
Highway), were the primary factors influencing the
development of the Town's approach to zoning. These
two highways have become borders that identify
patterns of land use and geographic sub -regions.
92-32 - 13 -

The Town has been divided into distinct geographical
sub -regions with associated zoning districts. The
Oceanfront District Sub -Region and land west of U.S.
158 are subject to rather strict development
guidelines. The Commercial District. Sub -Region
provides a setting where a wider range of uses are
permitted and where land use guidelines are
considerably more liberal than elsewhere in the Town.
These sub -regions and the Residential District Sub -
Region are briefly described as follows:
Oceanfront District Sub -Region - This sub -region
includes all land east of NC 12 and comprises
the Ocean Impact Residential (OIR) Zoning
District. This zoning district, created in
1985, is designed to provide a residential
setting for seasonal accommodations and upscale
year-round living. Housing densities and
building heights are restricted in an effort to
discourage the location of high-rise, bulk
immovable structures along the immediate
shoreline. As the name indicates, the Ocean
Impact Residential Zoning District is a special
sub -region with unique constraints associated
primarily with its proximity to the Atlantic
Ocean and public beaches.
Commercial District Sub -Regions - These sub-
regions include lands west of NC 12 to ±300 feet
west of U.S. 158. The majority of these lands
lie between the two highways on the northern and
southern borders of the Town. A residential
buffer in the vicinity of the Wright Brothers
National Historic Site separates these
commercial district sub -regions. The Commercial
Zoning District represents the Town's "highest
and best use" district, where a variety of
compatible commercial and residential uses are
permitted. Housing densities and maximum
building height limitations are considerably
more liberal in this zoning district, primarily
to encourage bulk immovable structures to locate
in a setting less vulnerable to the forces of
the Atlantic Ocean. This sub -region is also
designed to provide the base for two central
accommodations and service districts that are
emerging in Kill Devil Hills. This land is
zoned commercial.
E
u
n
92-32 - 14 - I

Residential District Sub -Region - This sub-
'
region is designed to provide a setting for
single-family residential structures and low
density multi -family development as a
'
conditional use. Generally speaking, this land
lies west of U.S. 158 and between the two
highways in proximity to the Wright Brothers
'
National Historic Site. Most of this land has
already been platted into a number of
subdivisions that reflect a variety of minimum
lot sizes. These subdivisions have evolved in
'
conjunction with prescribed minimums for the use
of septic tanks and gravity induced
'
nitrification drainfield wastewater treatment
systems. The majority of the Town's year-round
population lives in this sub region.
' In addition, there is a Light Industrial Zoning
District designed primarily for the bulk storage of
dry goods adjacent to the Fresh Pond, where
' environmental constraints prohibit the use of septic
tank wastewater systems.
d. Kill Devil Hills Town Code, Chapter 8, Flood Damage
' Prevention Ordinance
All areas of special flood hazard within the Town as
identified by the Federal Emergency Management
'
Agency's (FEMA) in its Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM)
375353B, April 12, 1993, are regulated. The Town's
'
building inspector administers the ordinance.
The purpose of the ordinance is to minimize public and
private losses due to flooding conditions in specific
'
areas. This purpose is accomplished by restriction or
prohibition of certain uses, the control of
alterations to natural flood plains, channels, and
barriers, and the control of filling, grading, and
'
some dredging. The objectives of the ordinance are to
maintain a stable tax base and to ensure that
potential home buyers are notified that property is in
'
a flood area.
92-32
- 15 -

e.
f.
a
h.
92-32
Town of Kill Devil Hills Stormwater Management Plan
Update, 1988
In 1983, the Town commissioned a study to identify its
storm water management problem areas and to develop a
management plan for coping with them. The Stormwater
Management Plan Update, 1988 describes the progress
towards implementing the 1983 stormwater management
plan, documents existing and buildout conditions,
identifies alternatives and viable combinations for
managing stormwater and improving receiving water
quality, and lists recommendations, priorities, and
costs.
Town of Kill Devil Hills 1990 Shoreline Access Plan
Update
Kill Devil Hills commissioned the preparation of a
shoreline access master plan in 1979. In 1990, the
Town updated this plan to assist its users with the
development of shoreline access through the year 2000.
Included in the update is an inventory of accessways,
goals and objectives, funding considerations,
scheduling, and project prioritization.
Town of Kill Devil Hills Recreational Facilities Plan,
1989
In 1989, Kill Devil Hills
facilities plan including
with priorities and costs,
goals and objectives.
Site Plan Review
commissioned a recreational
facilities recommendations '
facilities inventory, and
Chapter 21 of the Town Code requires the submission of
site plans for all commercial development projects and
all multi -family residential development projects in
excess of a quadraplex. It also establishes a two-tier
approval process requiring review and recommendation
by the Town's Planning Board and approval for
construction by the Board of Commissioners. Minimum
standards for site plan preparation, review deadlines,
- 16 -

' and a coordinated state -local permit process are
defined.
SOURCES: Department of Planning and Development, Town of
Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina and 1987 Town of Kill Devil
Hills Land Use Plan.
'
9. Constraints, Land Suitability
a. Introduction
documents,
Field reviews, technical maps, and
inventories aid in the analysis of the general
suitability of the undeveloped lands within Kill Devil
'
Hills. Such analysis must consider physical
limitations for development, areas of environmental
concern and fragile areas, and areas with resource
potential.
b. Physical Limitations for Development
'
Man Natural Hazard Areas
(1) -Made and
Kill Devil Hills contains one notable man-made
'
hazard area -- the landing strip at the Wright
Brothers National Historic Site. The Town Fire
Department and Dare County Emergency Medical
Services have adopted disaster contingency
plans.
Flooding is the most common natural hazard faced
by the Town. The dominant source of flooding in
Kill Devil Hills is storm surge generated in the
Atlantic Ocean by tropical storms, northeasters,
' and hurricanes. In addition, this surge
propagates into Albemarle Sound, Buzzard Bay,
Colington Creek, and Kitty Hawk Bay where high
' winds can produce intense wave action. The wave
action associated with storm surge can be
damaging as can the higher water level.
' Historically, storms passing North Carolina in
the vicinity of Kill Devil Hills have produced
severe flooding as well as structural damage.
' The Federal Insurance Administration has created
the Community Rating System (CRS) as an integral
part of the National Flood Insurance Program.
' The goals of the CRS are to encourage, by the
use of flood insurance premium adjustments,
community and state activities beyond those
required by the National Flood Insurance Program
to:
92-32 - 17 -

(2)
92-32
• reduce flood losses; '
• facilitate accurate insurance rating; and,
• promote the awareness of flood insurance.
Flood hazard areas have been mapped and the 10- '
year coastal floodplain identified on the Flood
Insurance Rate Map for the Town. The 100-year '
floodplain is the area that will be flooded on
the average of once every 100 years. It has a
1% chance of being flooded in any given year. '
Put another way, it has about a 25% chance of
being flooded over the life of a 30-year
mortgage. Smaller floods have a greater chance
of occurring in any year and can still create a '
significant flood hazard to people and property.
Maps are available for viewing at the Kill Devil
Hills Planning and Development Department and '
the Dare County Library. A generalized map is
included in this Update. See MAP 3.
All properties located in "Zone A" or "Zone V"
,
on the Town's Flood Hazard Boundary Map or Flood
Insurance Rate Map are subject to regulations.
Before undertaking development in "Zone A" or
,
"Zone V", a builder must secure a permit from
the Town. Development activities subject to
these regulations are any man-made change to
improved or unimproved real estate,..including
'
but not limited to buildings, mining, dredging,
filling, grading, paving, excavating, or
drilling operations.
'
SOURCE: Department of Planning and Development,
Town of Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina.
'
Areas with Soil Limitations
Soils are a natural resource whose properties
greatly influence how people use the land. Soil
analyses indicate hazardous areas which
development should avoid or modify. Certain
soil types indicate periodic storm flooding in
low-lying soundside locations. Other soil types
are associated with a high seasonal water table
which can make an area unsuitable or unwise for
'
year-round habitation. The load -bearing
capacity of different soils is also important.
Due to the number of structures that are built
'
on pilings in Kill Devil Hills, the depth to
which these pilings are driven must be
determined through an examination of sub -soil
,
- 18 - I

properties to ensure the reliability of the
piling foundation.
'
Current trends show that all of the soils in
Kill Devil Hills can be modified to accommodate
development, but environmental and monetary
costs can sometimes be prohibitive. The costs
'
of improperly planned soil modifications is
borne not only by the developer, but also by the
public since misuse of the land can lead to
severe environmental problems for the entire
'
community. Therefore, it is desirable to
recognize the limitations of certain soils and
to evaluate their potential or suitability for
'
septic tanks, landfills, residential
development, industrial development, recreation,
and roads.
the different
EXHIBIT 1, on the next page, shows
types of soil found in Kill Devil Hills and some
soil characteristics. MAP 4 shows the general
'
locations of the different soil types in Town.
This information was derived from the "Soil
Survey of Dare County, North Carolina", prepared
t
by the United States Department of Agriculture,
Soil Conservation Service, March 1992. This
report is on file in the Kill Devil Hills
'
Department of Planning and Development.
Soil limitation ratings refer to the soil's
capacity to support dwellings, streets, and
'
septic tank fields. A rating of "slight" means
that soil properties or site features are
generally favorable for the indicated use and
'
that any limitations are minor and easily
overcome. Limitations are "moderate" if soil
properties or site features are not favorable
for the indicated use and special planning,
'
design, or maintenance is needed to overcome or
minimize the limitations. A rating of "severe"
'
does not preclude possible development.
However, any unfavorable conditions must be
overcome by appropriate land development
techniques. In all cases, on -site
'
investigations of the soil are necessary for the
proper design and placement of buildings,
foundations, roads, utility lines, and septic
'
systems.
92-32
- 19 -

N
W
N
N
O
EXHIBIT
Soil Types and Characteristics in Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina
SOURCE: Derived from 'Soil Survey of Dare County, North Carolina', United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, March 1992.

In rating a soil for any limitations for
'
dwellings, the emphasis is on its load -bearing
capacity (for holding the foundation), slope,
susceptibility to flooding, depth to seasonal
'
high water table, and other hydrologic
conditions. In rating a soil for limitations
for roads, emphasis falls on its susceptibility
'
to flooding, depth to seasonal high water table,
texture, drainage, and ease of hauling and
loading. In rating a soil for any limitations
for septic tank filter fields, emphasis falls on
t
its permeability, susceptibility to flooding,
depth to water table, and slope.
'
The on -site disposal of septic tank effluent is
a common soils problem throughout Kill Devil
Hills. Many poorly drained and/or impermeable
t
soils in the area are severely limited in their
ability to accommodate septic tank effluent in a
safe and sanitary manner. In some dry soils,
such as dune sand, the soil is too permeable to
'
accommodate effluent, leading to the potential
for the pollution of ground waters and adjacent
estuarine waters. When local officials know
'
these problems exist, they can deal with them by
adopting appropriate requirements for
development, such as minimum lot sizes or
t
centralized sewage treatment and disposal
systems. Then, proper technical adjustments and
innovations can often make development
tenvironmentally
acceptable.
Recognizing the potential for groundwater
pollution due to the proliferation of septic
'
tank systems in Kill Devil Hills, the Town was
one of four coastal North Carolina communities
selected for study by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) concerning
'
groundwater quality. This study, known as "The
Impacts of Wastewater Disposal Practices on the
Hydrogeology of the North Carolina Barrier
'
Islands," established a number of test wells
throughout Kill Devil Hills. Groundwater
samples were taken quarterly and analyzed for
'
the presence of a number of contaminates that
could be traced to septic origins. Briefly
summarized, the results of this study indicate
that at present population density, levels of
groundwater contamination due to septic tank
92-32
- 21 -

effluents have not exceeded acceptable
parameters as established by the EPA. The Town
and the Dare County Health Department have
assumed responsibility for the monitoring wells
now that the study has been completed and
periodic sampling will continue.
SOURCES: 1987 Town of Kill Devil Hills Land Use Plan
and "Soil Survey of Dare County, North Carolina,"
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil
Conservation Service, March 1992. Also see: "Soil
Survey of the Outer Banks," United States Department
of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service; "The
Impacts of Wastewater Disposal Practices on the
Hydrogeology of the North Carolina Barrier Islands -
Final Report," Applied Biology, Inc., 641 Dekalb
Industrial Way, Decatur, Georgia 30033; and,
"Environmental Impact Statement - North Carolina
Barrier Islands Wastewater Management," United States
Environmental Protection Agency, Region IV, 345
Courtland Street, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30365, July
1985.
(3) Water Supply Sources; Estimated Quality and
Quantity
Kill Devil Hills relies on three primary water
sources. These are:
• deep wells in Skyco on Roanoke Island;
• Fresh Pond; and,
• Reverse Osmosis Plant.
Future quality water problems may be realized
with changes in regulations and standards.
The possibility of water quantity problems
exists with the potential for salt water
intrusion into well field aquifers. Also,
wellhead protection legislation, as proposed for
Hatteras and Roanoke Islands, could be a
possibility for Kill Devil Hills.
SOURCE: Department of Utilities, Town of Kill
Devil Hills, North Carolina.
92-32 - 22 -

F
' (4) Areas Where Predominant Slope Exceeds Twelve
Percent
' Areas in Kill Devil Hills where the predominant
slope exceeds twelve percent include:
'
• Wright Brothers National Historic Site;
• Run Hill;
• frontal and primary dunes along the
oceanfront; and,
'
• dunes with vegetative cover in the
maritime forest.
'
C. Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC) and Fragile Areas
Under the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA), North
Carolina's Coastal Resources Commission (CRC) has
designated a number of areas of environmental concern
(AEC) in order to protect the state's valuable natural
resources. Seven types of AEC's in three categories
'
are found in Kill Devil Hills:
Estuarine System AEC's
'
• Estuarine Waters
• Coastal Wetlands
'
• Public Trust Areas
• Estuarine Shorelines
Ocean Hazard AEC's
'
• Ocean Erodible Areas
• High Hazard Flood Areas
'
Public Water Supply AEC's
• Fresh Pond
'
Some of these AEC's have been mapped generally for
this Update. See MAP 5. However, the exact location
and extent of AEC's found in Kill Devil Hills are
'
determined by on -site inspections.
' Estuarine System AEC's
The lands and waters of the estuarine system possess
economic and biologic values for the Town and the
' State of North Carolina. These lands and waters are
interdependent and should be managed as a unit. In an
effort to maintain the ecological productivity of the
' estuarine system, the CRC has designated individual
components as AEC's and adopted guidelines for their
' 92-32 - 23 -

use. These components are the estuarine waters,
coastal wetlands, public trust areas, and the
estuarine shorelines. All of these AEC's are found
within Kill Devil Hills.
The estuarine waters AEC includes all waters of the
State's bays, sounds, and streams seaward of the
dividing line between coastal and inland fishing
waters. In Kill Devil Hills, the estuarine waters AEC
includes Kitty Hawk Bay, Buzzard Bay, and the streams
draining into them.
The coastal wetlands AEC includes any salt marsh or
other marsh subject to regular or occasional flooding
by tides, whether or not the tidal waters reach the
wetlands through natural or artificial watercourses.
Coastal wetlands are important because they produce
nutrients which serve as the primary food source for
various species of fish and shellfish. The dense
vegetation and root networks of the coastal wetlands
also help retard shoreline erosion and trap sediments
before they reach the estuarine waters. Extensive
wetlands line Buzzard Bay and Kitty Hawk Bay.
The public trust AEC includes:
• all water of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands
thereunder from the mean high water mark to the
seaward limit of State jurisdiction;
• all other bodies of water subject to lunar tides
(and the lands thereunder) below the mean high
water level;
• all waters in artificially created bodies of
water containing significant public fishing
resources or other resources which are
accessible to the public by navigation from
bodies of water in which the public has rights
of navigation; and,
• all waters in artificially created bodies of
water in which the public has acquired rights by
prescription, custom, usage, dedication, or any
other means. In Kill Devil Hills, the public
trust AEC covers the waters and submerged lands
of the Atlantic Ocean, Buzzard Bay, and Kitty
Hawk Bay.
The estuarine shorelines AEC covers non -ocean
shorelines, which are typically subject to erosion,
flooding, and other adverse effects of wind and water.
Although estuarine shorelines are typically dry land,
their proximity to estuarine waters cause them to be
considered as connected to the estuary. Development
92-32 - 24 -

P
'
along the estuarine shorelines can have a strong
effect on the quality of estuarine waters, coastal
wetlands, and their ability to sustain their economic
'
and biological productivity. As defined by the CRC,
the estuarine shorelines AEC extends from the mean
high water level (or normal water level) along the
estuarine waters AEC to a line 75 feet landward. In
'
Kill Devil Hills, the estuarine shoreline AEC includes
the entire shoreline along Buzzard Bay and Kitty Hawk
'
Bay.
Ocean Hazard AEC's:
The Atlantic shoreline is periodically subjected to
'
erosion and other adverse effects of wind and water.
Ocean Hazard AEC's include beaches, frontal dunes,
inlet lands, and other areas in which geologic,
'
vegetative, and soil conditions indicate a substantial
possibility of erosion and flooding. Incompatible or
poorly positioned development within these areas may
'
create the potential for damage to life and property.
In Kill Devil Hills, the two types of ocean hazard
AEC's are ocean erodible areas and high hazard flood
areas.
The ocean erodible AEC includes that area in which
there exists a substantial possibility of significant
'
erosion and shoreline fluctuation. The seaward
boundary of this area is the mean low water line. The
landward boundary of this area is determined by a
'
combination of:
• a distance from the first line of stable natural
vegetation to the recession line established by
multiplying the long-term annual erosion rate by
60; provided that, where there has been no long-
term erosion or the rate is less than two feet
per year, this distance shall be set at 120 feet
landward from the first line of stable natural
vegetation; and,
• the distance landward from the above recession
line to a second recession line that would be
generated by a storm having a one -percent chance
'
of being equaled or exceeded in any given year.
The high hazard flood AEC is the oceanfront area
' subject to flooding and high velocity waters
(including wave wash) in a storm having a one -percent
chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year,
' and indicated as Zones V1-V30 (known as "V zones") on
92-32 - 25 -

the*Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) established by
the Federal Flood Insurance Administration.
The Coastal Area Management Act includes guidelines
covering uses of and development in areas of
environmental concern, with separate guidelines for
the different categories of AEC's designated by the
Coastal Resources Commission.
In estuarine waters AEC's, the highest priority of use
is the conservation of estuarine waters. Secondary
priority rests with those types of development that
require access to the water and cannot function
elsewhere. Such development includes navigation
channels, simple access channels, erosion control
structures, boat docks, marinas, piers, wharves, and
mooring pilings'.
Similarly, in coastal wetlands AEC's, the use with the
highest priority is the conservation of wetland, with
secondary priority going to water dependent
activities. Uses which are unacceptable in coastal
wetlands AEC's include, but are not limited to,
restaurants, homes, hotels and motels, trailer parks,
parking lots, private roads and highways, and
manufacturing plants. Acceptable uses include utility
easements, fishing piers, docks, and agricultural uses
as permitted under applicable statutes. ..
In public trust AEC's, no use is allowed which
significantly interferes with the public's right of
navigation or other public rights which exist there.
Uses that may be acceptable within public trust AEC's,
provided that they will not be detrimental to public
trust rights and the biological and physical functions
of the estuary or ocean, include the development of
navigational channels and drainage ditches, the use of
bulkheads to control erosion, and the construction of
piers, wharves, and marinas. Uses that are not
acceptable in public trust AEC's are those which
directly or indirectly impair or block existing
navigation channels, increase shoreline erosion,
deposit spoils below mean high tide, create adverse
water circulation patterns, violate water quality
standards, or degrade shellfish waters and beds.
In estuarine shorelines AEC's, no uses are absolutely
prohibited. However, any development that occurs
within the estuarine shoreline AEC is to be compatible
with both the dynamic nature of the estuarine
shorelines and the economic and biological
productivity of the estuarine system.
92-32 - 26 -

In ocean erodible AEC's and high hazard flood AEC's,
the CRC's guidelines carry out their mission of
protecting the line of oceanfront sand dunes by
enforcing the oceanfront setback lines, keeping
'
structures behind the crests of frontal and primary
dunes, and prohibiting the relocation or removal of
these dunes and their vegetation. The guidelines for
these areas include standards for construction to be
designed and located to minimize damage due to
fluctuations in ground elevation and wave action in a
storm that has a one -percent probability of being
'
equalled or exceeded in any given year.
In the public water supply AEC, the use of underground
septic tank and drain field wastewater systems is
prohibited within a 500' perimeter of the high water
mark of the Fresh Pond. Between 500' and 1,200',
septic tank systems are limited to a capacity not
greater than the equivalent of a four -bedroom single-
family residence and must include a land area of at
least 40,000 square feet. In addition, all land
clearing, grading, surfacing, and other land
disturbing activities within 1,200' of the Fresh Pond
'
AEC must conform with applicable guidelines dealing
with erosion and pollution control and CAMA. Fragile
areas are shown on MAP 5.
'
In addition, other fragile areas in Town are Run Hill
and the National Park Service property. Run Hill is
one of the last, live sand dune formations of
significant size on the Outer Banks. It is connected
to the maritime forest and is part of the barrier
island dune system. The United States Department of
'
Interior, National Park Service controls a 427.77 acre
parcel in the center of Town which is the site of the
Wright Brothers National Historic Site and houses a
museum, visitor center, and support structures. For
discussions of issues related to other fragile areas
including archaeological and historical sites and
wetlands as classified by Section 404 of the Clean
Water Act, see Chapter IV, B, numbers 2a, 2b, and 14
'
on pages 35 and 36, and 43 respectively.
SOURCE: Department of Planning and Development, Town of
'
Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina and 1987 Town of Kill Devil
Hills Land Use Plan.
d. Areas with Resource Potential
See Chapter IV, C, Resource Management Issues for
discussions of areas with resource potential in Kill
Devil Hills.
92-32
- 27 -

10. Constraints, Carrying Capacity Analysis
a.
LM
Introduction
Information and analysis for this section were taken
from the Town of Kill Devil Hills Stormwater
Management Plan Update, 1988, and the "Buildout Study
Outer Banks District," North Carolina Power, January
11, 1988, the Booz-Allen and Hamilton Dare County
Carrying Capacity/Development Study, and staff
reports.
Existing Water and Sewer Service Areas
Kill Devil Hills, Dare County, and Nags Head share in
the operation of the Dare County Regional Water
System. Kill Devil Hills is allocated 2.5 million
gallons per day (MGD) of the 9.9 MGD that can be
generated by regional water system facilities. The
regional system can be expanded to generate a total of
approximately 16.0 MGD of which Kill Devil Hills would
be entitled to approximately 4.5 MGD. Water sources
for the regional system are discussed on page 22.
The average water consumption for the Kill Devil Hills
system was 1.22 MGD for fiscal year July 1, 1991 to
June 30, 1992. There is no separate metering system
for out of Town areas (Colington), but these areas
represent approximately 23% of the total water system.
Deducting this percentage from 1.22 MGD total would
result in approximately .940 MGD for an annual daily
average for the in Town area. As of June 1992, the
Kill Devil Hills water system had 5,477 residential
water meter accounts and 166 commercial accounts. Of
this number, 1,258 are residential accounts in out of
Town areas (Colington) and 15 are out of Town
commercial accounts.
There are two elevated water storage tanks in Kill
Devil Hills. One tank is located at the water plant
on W. 8th Street and has a .25 million gallon
capacity. Another tank is located at the Police,
Fire, and Finance complex and has a .20 million gallon
capacity. Ground storage is .70 million gallons at W.
8th Street and .50 million gallons at the Police,
Fire, and Finance complex. Kill Devil Hills has 1/3
ownership in other water storage facilities as part of
its regional water supply. Storage facilities are
located at Skyco on Roanoke Island and at the Reverse
Osmosis Plant (RO Plant) on Mustian Drive in Kill
Devil Hills.
92-32 - 28 -

Some capital improvements to the water systems include
'
upgrading undersized water mains in high density
areas, looping of dead end lines, adding fire hydrants
in high density areas, providing for the future needs
'
by constructing elevated storage, and devising a
replacement schedule for existing water mains that are
constructed of asbestos cement materials.
'
Currently, the existing water system is capable of
serving the Town's needs. However, as the Town
reaches build -out and then redevelopment, it will need
'
to focus on upgrading its water system as a whole
versus the as needed, crisis dictated approach by
which it has evolved.
With respect to future water facilities projects in
Kill Devil Hills, there is only one currently funded
'
for out of Town areas. This consists of a water
booster station, a .5 million gallon elevated water
tank, and related water main extensions. There are
several upcoming projects which are part of the
'
regional water supply in which Kill Devil Hills will
share 1/3 of the cost. These projects include
generator rewiring of the auxiliary power generator
set at the RO Plant, improvements to the ion exchange
plant on Roanoke Island for Tri Halo Methanes removal,
and the addition of two new wells for the RO Plant to
'
be located in the Fresh Pond area of Kill -Devil Hills
and Nags Head.
Kill Devil Hills, like its neighbors, relies on septic
'
tanks and some package treatment plants. The
following is a list of the package wastewater
'
treatment plants in Kill Devil Hills:
1. Outer Banks Beach Club Wastewater Treatment Plant
Capacity - 300,000 gpd (can be expanded to
500,000)
Contact Name - Mr. John Luke
Phone Number - [phone]
This treatment plant provides wastewater
'
services to 22 customers ranging from fast food
restaurants and laundromats to motels and
'
shopping centers.
2. Holiday Inn
Location - East Ocean Acres Drive
Capacity - 45,000 gpd
Contact Name - Mr. Charles Dunwell
Phone Number - [phone]
This treatment plant serves only the Holiday Inn
Motel cannot be expanded.
and
92-32
- 29 -

92-32
3. The Kill Devil Hills Ocean Acres Plant (Southern
Sanitary District 1)
Capacity - 60,000 gpd
,
Service - 147 customers (13 of which are
commercial)
Contact Name - Mr. Art Beckwith
'
- -
Phone Number [phone]
The plant, built in the early 1970's, has been
through two bankruptcies, and is currently owned
and operated by Kill Devil Hills. Although it
'
is presently operating within permit limits,
inflow and infiltration are problems.
'
SOURCE:Department of Utilities, Town of Kill Devil Hills,
North Carolina.
'
C. Design Capacity of Community Facilities; Utilization
and Remaining Capacity
At present, most community facilities generally appear
'
to be adequate to meet existing demands. However, for
the five year planning period (1992-1997), facilities'
maintenance and upgrading will become more crucial.
,
The solid waste disposal needs of Kill Devil Hills are
the responsibility of and are being met by Dare
'
County. The Dare County landfill is nearing capacity.
It will be full and no longer available in late 1993.
Currently, plans are being reviewed and options
discussed for a new regional solid waste.facility.
'
However, the Town will review the options available to
it and determine its best course of action.
,
The educational needs of Kill Devil Hills are also the
responsibility of and are being met by Dare County.
The design capacities for Dare County Schools are:
'
• First Flight Elementary School . . . . . 540
• First Flight Middle School . . . . . . . 572
0 Kitty Hawk Elementary School . . . . . . 720
'
• Manteo High School . . . . . . . . . . . 675
Current enrollments at each are:
'
• First Flight Elementary School . . . . . 536
• First Flight Middle School . . . . . . 431
0 Kitty Hawk Elementary School . . . . . . 459
'
• Manteo High School . . . . . . . . . . . 734
A 5% annual increase in enrollment is projected. At '
present, the only planned improvements are to Manteo
High School. Planned improvements to the school,
which are out for bid, include the addition of a new '
media center, conversion of the existing media center
into classrooms, and the conversion of a part of the
health and administration facilities into classrooms. ,
- 30 -

I J'�
' The North Carolina Department of Transportation
maintains the major highways within the Town and
routinely develops plans for system improvements. The
' Town is committed to a policy of developing a master
plan for local street improvements. See Chapter IV,
D, 21, page 58.
' The Kill Devil Hills Police Department has twenty-six
employees with four subordinate divisions including
Administration, Patrol, Criminal Investigations, and
' Animal Control. The Department is headed by a chief
who is assisted by a deputy chief.
Paid fire fighters operate in three shifts of twenty-
'
four hours duration and provide a high level of fire
suppression services to the Town. Volunteer fire
fighters also provide assistance. There are thirteen
'
funded fire fighter positions and one secretarial
position. In addition, two funded supervisory
positions include the fire chief and assistant fire
'
chief.
Police and fire facilities and personnel needs are
constantly being evaluated and will be provided as
'
necessary. Recently, the Town received a manpower
study prepared by David M. Griffith and Associates,
Ltd. of Raleigh, North Carolina.
'
The Town continues to implement its Recreational
Facilities Plan and budget a capital reserve fund for
recreation and recreational facilities. The Town
'
intends to develop mini -parks at its northern (Ocean
Circle Park at Hayman Boulevard) and southern
'
boundaries. See MAP 6. Also, the Town intends to
investigate alternative funding methods to accelerate
the development of the Dare County Recreational Park
in Kill Devil Hills.
d. Buildout Considerations
Various buildout considerations are discussed in the
'
Town of Kill Devil Hills Stormwater Management Plan
Update, 1988, the Bu.ildout Study Outer Banks District
'
by North Carolina Power, and the Dare County Service
Requirement and Development Options Cost Report of the
Carrying Capacity Study by Booz Allen & Hamilton. The
North Carolina Power study projected that the buildout
could occur by 1998 with 9,443 dwelling units. Also,
'
the Town's Stormwater Management Plan Update focused
on buildout using those market conditions underlying
1988 development densities, the Carrying Capacity
Study, and several assumptions. It reported that
buildout, if defined as every parcel being developed
' 92-32
- 31 -

to its highest permissible density, could only be
achieved with the use of community -wide wastewater.
However, the complete coverage of the Town by
development could occur before the year 2005.
C. Estimated Demand
1. Introduction
It is anticipated that in some cases, future demands during
the planning period (1992-1997) may not be adequately met by
existing and planned facilities. The primary focus will be
on redevelopment, maintenance, and regional efforts to solve
multi -jurisdictional problems such as water and wastewater.
2. Population
a. Seasonal Population
Projections are available only at the county level
from the North Carolina Department of Planning, State
Data Center. However, the Booz-Allen & Hamilton,
Inc.'s Dare County Service Requirement and Development
Options Cost Report, a part of the Carrying Capacity
Study, projects a 1995-1996 permanent population of
6,312, an average visiting population of 41,957, and a
peak visiting population of 48,269. The Town has
generally geared its planning efforts to these numbers
which represent a moderate growth rate scenario.
b. Local Objectives Concerning Growth
A moderate growth rate that will result in a permanent
population of 6,312 persons in 1995-1996 is preferred.
Based upon the responses received in the 1992 public
opinion survey, there is support for more residential
development and less commercial development, but
strong resentment to an increase in density.
3. Economy; Anticipated Social and Economic Changes
The Town will continue to rely on tourism as its main
industry throughout the planning period. There will be
pressure from the commercial sector to re-examine land use
policies and the Town's approach to land use planning.
4. Future Land Need
There is sufficient vacant land to meet the demands
anticipated for the planning period. However, the
suitability of soils for septic tank use could constrain the
amount and location of future growth.
92-32 - 32 -

5. Community Facilities Demand
Most of the community facilities demands anticipated for the
planning period will be adequately met by existing
' facilities and those planned. However, utility system
maintenance and the speed with which infrastructure
improvements are made may constrain future growth.
Community facilities planning, particularly for
' transportation system needs, is difficult due to the
population variance between peak and off-peak seasons.
' Community facilities issues are discussed in detail in
Chapter IV, D, numbers 17-19, 21-22, and 31-32 on pages 56-
57, 58, and 64 respectively.
6. Transportation
Transportation system demands anticipated for the planning
' period will become more problematic and may not be
adequately met by the existing system. Planned system
improvements both at the local and interjurisdictional
' levels must be accelerated. These are discussed in Chapter
IV, D, numbers 21 and 22 on page 58.
' 7. Housing and Accommodations
The demand for housing and accommodations anticipated for
the planning period will be met by existing stock and
private initiative based upon market demands. However, it
is anticipated that competition for existing stock will
increase.
1
92-32 - 33 -

F
I
IV. LAND USE ISSUES, BACKGROUND,
POLICIES, AND IMPLEMENTATION
STRATEGIES

IV.
LAND USE ISSUES, BACKGROUND, POLICIES, AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
A. Introduction
Statements of local policy on land use issues which will affect
Kill Devil Hills during the next five years follow. The issues
have been grouped under five general headings:
• resource protection issues;
• resource production and management issues;
• economic and community development issues;
• public education and citizen participation; and,
• natural hazards planning.
Following generally the guidelines set forth in part .0203 Policy
Statements, as found in Section .0200 - Land Use Plan, of
Subchapter 7B-Land Use Planning Guidelines of the North Carolina
Administrative Code, October 1989, the Town considered various
policy alternatives and implementation strategies before selecting
the several policies that follow.
The Town considers the following issues regarding resource
protection not applicable or relevant at this time and they will
not be addressed in this Update:
• Outstanding Resources Waters (ORW) Areas;
• Shellfishing Waters; and,
• Manmade Hazards.
The Town considers the following issues regarding resource
management not applicable or relevant at this time and they will
not be addressed in this Update:
• Productive Agricultural Lands;
• Commercial Forest Lands;
• Impact of Development on Any Resource; and,
• Impact of Peat or Phosphate Mining on Any Resource.
Similarly, the following economic and community development issues
are not considered applicable or relevant at this time and they
will not be addressed in this Update:
• Landfill Siting;
• Port Facilities; and,
• Military Facilities.
92-32 - 34 -

1
B. Resource Protection Issues
' 1. Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC)
BACKGROUND
tIn Kill Devil Hills, these areas are covered under existing
CAMA regulations and discussed in detail in Chapter III, B,
' 9, c, pages 23 through 27.
POLICY
' The Town supports the guidelines of the Coastal Area
Management Act and the associated policies of the Coastal
Resources Commission but reserves the right to oppose
' specific sections of the CAMA. The Town is opposed to any
additional AEC designations or the extension or enlargement
of any existing AEC designations within its borders.
' IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will be represented at Coastal Resources Commission
' meetings and workshops and will participate in discussions
and public hearings concerning issues relevant to the Town's
interests.
u
L
r
' 92-32
2. Hazardous or Fragile Areas
a. 404 Wetlands, Freshwater Swamps, and Marshes
BACKGROUND
In Kill Devil Hills, these areas are covered under
existing CAMA or U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
regulations.
POLICY
The Town supports CAMA and U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers regulations as applicable, reserving the
right to review any proposed modification to existing
regulations. The Town supports mitigation activities
when used in conjunction with public purpose projects.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will monitor development proposals for
compliance with Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and
continue to administer local land disturbing
regulations.
- 35 -

3.
b. Maritime Forests
BACKGROUND
The majority of the 490.5 acres of land in Kill Devil
Hills that retains maritime forest vegetation is owned
and managed for preservation by the North Carolina
Nature Conservancy (Nags Head Woods Preserve), a
private, non-profit corporation. This land, some 341
acres, is not considered to be endangered by private
sector development or forestry harvesting. The
management of maritime forest lands not owned by a
preservation organization can be managed through the
use of local land disturbing ordinances. With the
exception on 124 acres owned by the Town, the balance
(25.5 acres) is owned privately.
POLICY
The Town supports the maintenance and management of
maritime forests and supports the use of locally
adopted management guidelines. The Town encourages
private owners of land in maritime forests to retain
the natural wooded condition of their property.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will continue to implement the regulations of
the Maritime Forest Environmental District as found in
Chapter 21, Zoning, of the Town Code.
Means of Protection of Potable Water Supply
BACKGROUND
See Chapter III, B.,9.,b.,(3), page 22, Water Supply
Sources; Estimated Quality and Quantity.
POLICY
The Town supports the protection of its water supply
resources.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will consider conducting an area -wide water and
sewer needs study within the next five years and will seek
the support and cooperation of neighboring localities in
this effort. It will continue to enforce existing
regulations and adopt appropriate regulations for the
protection of surface water and groundwater resources. The
Town will adopt an ordinance as required by the Water
Supply/Watershed Protection Act.
92-32 - 36 -

4. Package Treatment Plants
' BACKGROUND
See Chapter III, B.,10.,b., page 28, Existing Water and
Sewer Service Areas.
' POLICY
The Town supports the establishment of a community -wide
wastewater treatment system for the protection of the
health, safety, and welfare of the citizens of Kill Devil
Hills and not to promote increased dwelling density. The
Town supports the use of package treatment plants in the
' interim if they are:
• designed to treat less than 100,000 gallons per day;
' • affixed to the units they serve; and
• if both the package treatment plants and the units
' they serve are located within the boundaries of Kill
Devil Hills.
' IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will consider conducting an area -wide water and
sewer needs study within five years and will seek the
' support and cooperation of neighboring localities in this
effort. It will develop and adopt local plans and
regulations concerning the use, regulation, and maintenance
of package treatment plants and appurtenances within Town
borders. In the interim, the site plan review process and
the Division of Environmental Management's regulatory system
' will be used to insure all package treatment plants are
properly designed and located in such a manner that public
health and welfare are not compromised by the presence of
such systems.
' 5. Stormwater Runoff and Potential Impacts on Coastal Wetlands,
Surface Waters, or Other Fragile Areas
' BACKGROUND
' The Town commissioned and adopted the Town of Kill Devil
Hills Stormwater Management Plan Update, 1988. The Town
currently experiences nuisance flooding when there is a
storm of an intensity that occurs on the average of once
' every two years. The Town currently experiences more
serious, but still relatively minor flooding problems when
there are storms of greater intensity occurring on the
' average of once every five to ten years. Major flooding
would occur in the event of intense rainfall or hurricane.
The Town has undertaken natural hazard planning
' 92-32 - 37 -

I
independently of its Stormwater Management Plan to prepare
for such events.
The Town has a policy of support for protection of the
estuarine and oceanic water quality. The Town supports
state Coastal Area Management Program guidelines and the
state Coastal Area Management Act goals for water quality
protection. Unchecked stormwater runoff would pollute the
estuaries and the ocean. Stormwater systems that would
effectively relieve flooding could pollute even more
severely than unchanneled runoff since they could allow the
water to flow at a rapid enough rate for it to carry a
maximum amount of sediment and chemical pollutants directly
to the coast.
Rapid stormwater removal and prevention of pollution from
the stormwater are in some ways competing goals so it is
challenging to devise satisfactory solutions to the combined
problem.
The solution recommended in the Stormwater Management Plan
comprises several methods to reduce the amount of stormwater
runoff from each lot, to detain runoff so that less sediment
will reach the coastal waters, and to remove runoff quickly
from developed areas. Implementation of all of the
recommended improvements would reduce flooding under build -
out conditions to a nuisance level for a two year storm
event without worsening and in some cases improving
estuarine water quality. The solution would also lessen
flooding and pollution problems from five and ten year
storms.
The components of the recommended solution are summarized in
detail in Chapter V, Recommendations of the Stormwater
Management Plan. Understanding the expense involved, the
Town has realized only so much can be done and has
cautiously implemented the recommendations of the plan.
POLICY
The Town supports the mitigation of adverse impacts
associated with stormwater runoff within Town limits and the
policies adopted as a part of the Town of Kill Devil Hills
Stormwater Management Plan Update, 1988.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will continue to implement the recommendations of
the Town of Kill Devil Hills Stormwater Management Plan
Update, 1988.
7
92-32 - 38 - I

1
6. Marinas, Floating Homes, Dry Stack Storage Facilities, and
Mooring of Vessels in Public Trust Waters
BACKGROUND
'
Current zoning regulations do not allow marinas, floating
homes, and dry stack storage facilities with the exception
'
of the Governmental and Institutional (G and I) zoning
district. However, no policy exists governing the temporary
mooring of vessels in public trust waters.
'
POLICY
The Town opposes floating homes, dry stack storage
facilities, and the mooring of vessels in public trust
waters not affiliated with a marina or a private dock in
Kill Devil Hills.
'
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will enforce existing ordinances and regulations
and carefully review applications for construction of
'
marinas. It will develop and adopt ordinances within the
next five years to regulate floating homes, dry stack
storage facilities, and the mooring of vessels in public
trust waters -- including the exercise of extraterritorial
jurisdiction.
'
7. Industrial Impact on Fresh Pond AEC
BACKGROUND
'
The area around Fresh Pond is zoned Light Industrial (LI)
and some development has occurred.
SPOLICY
The Town supports the protection of fragile areas such as
'
the Fresh Pond AEC and measures to mitigate potential
adverse effects of industrial uses.
' IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will continue to implement the CAMA minor
' development program. It will develop and adopt a water
supply/watershed protection ordinance within the next five
years.
n
1
92-32 - 39 -

91
PM
10.
Development of Sound and Estuarine System Islands
BACKGROUND
There are several sound and estuarine islands under the
jurisdiction of Kill Devil Hills including Walker Island.
These estuarine islands provide habitat for marine and
aquatic life and are important for food production.
POLICY
The Town supports the preservation of the current
undeveloped state of sound and estuarine islands under the
jurisdiction of Kill Devil Hills.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will continue to recognize 404 Wetlands and CAMA
regulations and will consider adoption of local regulations
to prohibit development of sound and estuarine islands
within the next five years.
Restriction of Development within Areas Up to Five Feet
Above Mean High Water Susceptible to Sea Level Rise and
Wetland Loss
BACKGROUND
Existing regulations are deemed adequate.
POLICY
The Town supports the restriction of development within
areas up to five feet above mean high water susceptible to
sea level rise and wetland loss.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will enforce requirements of the National Flood
Insurance Program. It will enforce existing regulations
regarding structure elevations and enforce base flood
regulations --requiring elevation certificates and other
requirements stipulated in Chapter 8 of the Town Code.
Upland Excavation for Marina Basins
BACKGROUND
There has not been a lot of activity or interest in this
issue. Current zoning regulations do not allow marinas.
92-32 - 40 -

POLICY
The Town supports properly permitted excavation of upland
areas for marina basin development.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will continue to support applicable federal, state,
and local regulatory programs.
'
11. Estuarine Bulkhead Installation
BACKGROUND
This issue has not generated a great deal of controversy in
Kill Devil Hills, particularly since properly aligned and
'
constructed estuarine bulkheads have proven successful in
stabilizing the sound shore. Historically, the Town has not
favored bulkhead installation in wetlands except in certain
cases landward of the tide line.
POLICY
' The Town supports the continued construction of properly
permitted estuarine bulkheads.
' IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will continue to participate in the CAMA Minor
Permit Program with the Department of Environment, Health
and Natural Resources.
12. Flood Plain Management; National Flood Insurance Program
' Community Rating System
BACKGROUND
' See Chapter III, B.,9.,b.,(1), page 17, Man -Made and Natural
Hazard Areas.
' POLICY
The Town supports the concept and practice of flood plain
management and participation in National Flood Insurance
Program Community Rating System.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will develop and adopt a Flood P1ain'Management
Ordinance within the next five years and continue to
participate in the National Flood Insurance Program
Community Rating System.
1 92-32 - 41 -

13.
Duneplowing and Revegetation
BACKGROUND
Concern was noted that sandhill formations (non -coastal
dunes) that occur outside the Area of Environmental Concern
jurisdiction of CAMA were being subjected to adverse
alteration activities and local protection guidelines were
adopted in 1991.
Section 21-7.12 Dune Protection of Chapter 21, Zoning, of
the Town Code, makes it unlawful for persons, firms, or
corporations to damage, destroy, remove, or change the
existing contour of any sand dune or to kill, remove, or
destroy vegetation growing on sand dunes except in certain
cases. This section also sets forth requirements for the
submission of development and/or site plans for developments
in areas that contain oceanfront or inland dunes and review
of same by the Planning Board or Town zoning official.
Guidelines are also set forth concerning the removal or
relocation of sand as well as slope parameters for dune -
disturbing activities.
Run Hill, a live sand dune, is a unique, active coastal
geologic formation in Kill Devil Hills.
POLICY
The Town supports the construction and revegetation of
ocean -front sand dunes and opposes the mining of inland
dunes.
The Town also supports a study of the possible effect(s) of
development activities on Run Hill and the subsequent effect
of such activities on the Maritime Forest.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will continue to enforce the dune protection
section of Chapter 21, Zoning, of the Town Code.
The Town will consider conducting a study of the possible
effect(s) of development activities on Run Hill and the
subsequent effect of such activities on the Maritime Forest.
92-32 - 42 -

14. Areas of Archaeological or Historical Significance
BACKGROUND
Two archaeological sites are recorded within the Town's
'
planning boundaries. The exact locations of these sites are
not provided due to potential harm from public knowledge and
subsequent disturbance of these locations. Additional
'
records indicate one underwater, two terrestrial, and one
region previously surveyed. See MAP 6.
'
Any proposed development or land disturbing activities
within these areas should be immediately referred to the
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources.
'
In addition, there are three sites in Kill Devil Hills that
are on the National Register of Historic Places. See MAP 6.
'
They are:
• the Wright Brothers Memorial;
• the Wright Brothers Quarters and Hanger Building (both
'
located on property owned by the National Park
Service); and,
• the Kill Devil Hills Coast Guard Station (located in
the vicinity of the 700 - 800 block of South Virginia
Dare Trail).
'
POLICY
The Town supports the protection of identified areas of
archaeological or historical significance.
' IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will enforce existing regulations, requiring review
by the Department of Cultural Resources of proposed
development activity in areas identified as archaeologically
or historically significant.
' C. Resource Management Issues
1. Importance of Agriculture, Forestry, Mining, Fishing, and
Recreation
BACKGROUND
Commercial agriculture is not considered a potential major
land use. The Town adopted and is implementing the Town of
Kill Devil Hills Recreational Facilities Plan, 1989.
1
92-32 - 43 -

2.
3.
POLICY
The Town supports and encourages recreational activities
including fishing and discourages commercial forestry and
mining.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will continue to implement the recommendations of
the Town of Kill Devil Hills Recreational Facilities Plan,
1989. It will continue to enforce its dune protection
ordinance and continue to enforce regulations found in the
maritime forest environmental district of Chapter 21,
Zoning, of the Town Code.
Existing and Potential Mineral Production Areas within Town
Limits
BACKGROUND
The only significant activity to date has been sand mining.
Kill Devil Hills is a tourist community and mining
activities are not deemed to be compatible with the Town's
economy.
POLICY
The Town opposes any mining activities within Town limits.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will continue to enforce its dune protection
ordinance and will review any other proposed mining
activities for compatibility with the existing Town economy
and regulations.
Commercial and Recreational Fisheries; Nursery and Habitat
Areas
BACKGROUND
The Town has significant habitat areas -- the estuarine
shoreline and marsh islands -- which contribute to the
support of recreational and commercial fisheries.
POLICY
With the exception of channel and maintenance dredging
activities, the Town supports the protection of commercial
and recreational fisheries, nurseries, and habitat areas.
92-32 - 44 -

'
IMPLEMENTATION
The Town will recognize and support the provisions of
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and applicable CAMA
'
guidelines, which relate to this policy.
4. Wildlife Management
BACKGROUND
With increased population and development in the Town,
'
wildlife management and compatibility has become an issue.
POLICY
'
The Town supports the concept of wildlife management within
Town limits.
'
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will coordinate its efforts with the Wildlife
'
Resources Commission to develop a wildlife management plan
within the next five years to include species recognition
and habitat preservation elements.
'
5. Off -Road Vehicles
'
BACKGROUND
Results of the citizen survey indicate support for beach
driving from September 15 to May 15 only and overwhelming
'
opposition to year round beach driving.
At certain points, the beaches in the Town have very soft
sand and steep slopes making off -road driving difficult.
Concern has been noted that during the period of time when
unrestricted beach driving is allowed, several "near miss"
situations have occurred where sunbathers on the low side of
a deep beach "cusp" have almost been crushed by off -road
vehicles. The need to regulate off -road vehicles on the
beach to reduce the potential for accidents has been
discussed. It has been suggested that a decal permit
'
program is the best way to inform off -road vehicle drivers
of rules to be followed.
'
POLICY
The Town supports seasonal restrictions on beach driving and
'
the implementation of a permit system for beach driving.
1 92-32 - 45 -

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will continue to use its local police powers to
enforce beach driving restrictions. It will establish a
permit process within five years for registration of
vehicles that are to be driven on beaches within Town
limits.
Economic and Community Development Issues
1.
2.
Community Attitudes Concerning Residential, Commercial,
Industrial, and Institutional Development
BACKGROUND
Generally, the attitudes and opinions of the citizens are to
retain a high ratio of residential to non-residential
construction within the Town. However, it is important to
note that the Town realizes that many of the single family
"residential structures" serve a rental business function.
It is important to note that some support has been given for
a "village commercial" concept which can serve the
commercial needs of the immediate neighborhood.
POLICY
The Town supports the concept of repackaging commercial
development to make it more attractive and compatible with
the residential character it strives to preserve.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town may develop and adopt architectural standards and
investigate methods and approaches to effectively manage
growth, particularly wastewater service, within the next
five years.
Local Architectural Review Standards
BACKGROUND
Community appearance is an important factor attracting
tourists to Kill Devil Hills as a vacation destination.
Strong support for architectural review standards was noted
in the public opinion survey.
POLICY
The Town supports architectural standards for new
development and uniform residential and non-residential
structural designs. It also supports the concept of
incentives for architectural enhancements.
92-32 - 46 -

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Within the next five years, the Town may solicit the help of
local architects and designers to develop standards and
' create an architectural beautification district. It may
establish overlay corridors along commercial strips and
include benefits for the retrofitting of older structures
with the goal of improving the Town's appearance as a
tvacation destination.
3. Types and Locations of Industries Desired
' BACKGROUND
' Currently, there is light industry by Fresh Pond and west of
U.S. 158. The federal and state governments must be
prompted to more fully recognize tourism as an industry of
local and national importance. Existing light industry,
' which is supplemental to the Town's economy, is service
oriented in nature.
' POLICY
The Town supports federal and state legislation to recognize
' tourism as a desired industry.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
' The Town will seek legislation to recognize tourism as an
industry. It will work to present a unified Dare County
resolution to federal and state legislators in strong
support of recognizing tourism as a desirable industry and
toward the development of improvements to facilitate
cultural resources and events.
' 4. Local Commitment to Service Provision to Development
BACKGROUND
Development has traditionally provided improvements as an
exaction or paid for infrastructure such as streets, water
' lines, and beach access sites based on its impacts to the
community.
' POLICY
The Town supports exactions and impact fees from developers
for services and infrastructure improvements which they
' require and as necessary to mitigate adverse impacts created
by development.
1
92-32 - 47 -

5.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will continue to levy impact fees (for water
service) and negotiate concessions requiring developers to
pay for services and infrastructure improvements required by
development.
Uniform Planning Corridor Overlays and Interjurisdictional
Regulatory Consistency
BACKGROUND
Citizens of the Town realize that community appearance is
important to continued success as a resort community. There
is support for the establishment of an interjurisdictional
overlay district for the U.S. 158 corridor. This effort
should give rise to uniform local sign, lighting, and
landscaping regulations in an effort to create a more
desirable appearance for the highway corridor.
POLICY
The Town supports the concept of a uniform planning corridor
to include an overlay district providing consistent sign,
lighting, and landscaping regulations for the length of U.S.
158 throughout Dare County.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will seek the support and cooperation of Dare
County, Kitty Hawk, Southern Shores, and Nags Head in a
coordinated effort to develop and adopt uniform corridor
regulations within the next five years.
Redevelopment of Developed Areas
BACKGROUND
There is public support to de-emphasize the oceanfront zone
as a preferred location for bulk immovable structures, to
create a setting for such structures to the west of NC 12,
and to reserve that land west of U.S. 158 for year-round
residential development.
The Town has experienced a transition from residential to
commercial occupancies along U.S. 158 where zoning is
compatible. Modernization, rehabilitation, remodeling, and
upgrading of older structures is a trend throughout the
Town.
92-32 - 48 -

F�
Accessory use apartments have become common in the Town.
' Storage space is often converted to living space, sometimes
without proper authorization. At present, some current
rules and regulations which cover this type of activity
' exist. The Town may want to take a closer look at accessory
use apartments as a form of affordable housing.
The Town anticipates the development of new market forces
' impacting Kill Devil Hills during the next five years.
These forces could trigger a redevelopment proposal, or a
redevelopment plan may be developed by the Town itself.
' POLICY
' The Town supports redevelopment of developed areas only
after the review of any redevelopment plans for consistency
with the Town's land use strategy.
' With respect to redevelopment of non-commercial land
fronting on U.S. 158, the Town shall encourage the
preservation of existing residential land use along those
' portions of U.S. 158 not zoned commercial.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
'
All redevelopment plans will be reviewed by the Planning
Board and Board of Commissioners for consistency with the
Town's zoning ordinance and land use plan. The zoning
'
ordinance may be modified to accommodate accessory use
apartments. The Town may consider an overlay district where
accessory use apartments can be built.
'
In an effort to judge the desirability of any redevelopment
proposal, the Town may seek legislative authority to
establish a Redevelopment Authority empowered to review or
'
create such proposals and take action as may be necessary to
implement a redevelopment plan or proposal.
'
7. Commitment to State and Federal Programs
BACKGROUND
'
a. Erosion Control: The Town has generally supported but
has reserved the right to oppose specific sections of state.
and federal programs.
1
1
92-32 - 49 -

L
1.4
92-32
b. Public Access:
has reserved the right
and federal programs.
The Town has generally supported but '
to oppose specific sections of state
C. Highway Improvements: The Town has generally
supported but has reserved the right to oppose specific
sections of state and federal programs.
r
d. Dredging: The Town has generally supported but has
reserved the right to oppose specific sections of state and I
federal programs.
e. Wright Brothers National Historic Site: The Town
supports expanded uses of this site.
POLICY
The Town supports interaction with federal and state
legislators and staffs to promote the exchange of ideas and
information regarding issues that will effect the Town.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will have representatives attend public hearings
and meetings wherein state and federal rules and policies
are discussed. Within the next two years, the Town will
seek legislative relief to allow for the utilization of the
Wright Brothers National Historic Site for Town.supported
events.
Local Rules Concerning Beach Erosion
BACKGROUND
The Town's policy on shoreline erosion in 1980, which
opposed the expenditure of public or private funds in an
attempt to stabilize the ocean beaches generated
considerable controversy in 1982 when several oceanfront
homes were lost and one bulk immovable structure became
imminently endangered due to heavy seas. Permits for
erosion control structures were denied based on the Town's
restrictive policies, which at that time were more
restrictive than the State of North Carolina's guidelines.
After several meetings, workshops, and public hearings, the
Town's policy on shoreline erosion was amended in 1982. A
number of structural and non-structural responses to
shoreline erosion were included in the amended policy. A
question concerning shoreline erosion policy was included in
the public survey distributed in 1986 and again in 1992 as a
part of this Update. Respondents to both surveys favored
setbacks as the preferable non-structural response and
privately funded structural responses such as bulkheads,
seawalls, and breakwaters as the preferable structural
- 50 -
I

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' 92-32
response. Survey results indicate opposition to the use of
public funds. A "do nothing" or "let them fall in" response
was not popularly received.
POLICY
The Town supports long term efforts to maintain and enhance
the public trust beach through the funding of a beach
nourishment project using federal, state, and local funds.
It also favors non-structural responses to erosion such as
relocation and/or acquisition of existing endangered
structures, setbacks for new construction, and measures as
may be necessary as interim temporary remedial action to
protect property endangered due to erosion so severe that
non-structural responses are impractical or ineffective. It
is the Town's position that individual property owners
should bear the cost of site specific protection measures
and mitigation costs when such measures cause damages to
public beaches and down drift property owners.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The.Town will continue to enforce the CAMA minor permit
program and authorize permits consistent with the policy
indicated above and CAMA permit regulations as applicable.
9. Channel Maintenance and Beach Nourishment
BACKGROUND
Channel maintenance: Waters are typically shallow
surrounding the Town's municipal borders. There is one
public boat ramp area at Dock Street. This facility's
potential is very limited due to the shallow waters of Kitty
Hawk Bay.
The Town supports channel maintenance of navigable waters
around its shoreline. The Dare County Board of Education
has a spoil area. This area was partially filled in
conjunction with the Colington Creek dredging project in
early 1992. A temporary easement to lay pipes across Town
land was granted by Kill Devil Hills.
Beach nourishment: Realizing the value of a wide and stable
recreational beach, shoreline nourishment is the preferred
method of shoreline protection.
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I I

10.
92-32
POLICY.
The Town supports channel maintenance activities in
surrounding waters; particularly at the Dock Street public
boat ramp and including partial local funding when
necessary. It supports federal, state, and local efforts
for navigational dredging projects. The Town opposes permit
denial for navigational dredging projects if such denial is
based on the presence of submerged aquatic vegetation.
Also, the Town supports long term effort to maintain and
enhance the public trust beach through funding of a beach
nourishment project using federal, state, and local funds.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will lobby federal and state agencies for channel
maintenance and beach nourishment projects and support Dare
County's similar efforts. It will cooperate with federal,
state, and local governments to allow appropriate spoil
areas for dredging projects. The Town will support efforts
to dredge from the Dock Street access to existing deep
water.
Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Exploration, Development, and
Production
BACKGROUND
I
In October of 1988, the Planning Board voted to recommend
the following Land Use Plan amendment to the Board of I
Commissioners:
The Town of Kill Devil Hills is opposed to any offshore
exploration for or production of oil or natural gas in the
vicinity of the Outer Banks. Such activity would be
incompatible to the desires of the Town, its established
tourist industry, its fishing industry, and the preservation
of natural and public trust areas -- all particularly
dependant upon uninterrupted ocean and groundwater of the
highest quality.
POLICY
The Town is opposed to any offshore exploration for or
production of oil or natural gas in the vicinity of the
Outer Banks. Such activity would be incompatible to the
desires of the Town, its established tourist industry,
fishing industry, and the preservation of natural and public
trust areas -- all particularly dependent upon uninterrupted
ocean and groundwater of the highest quality.
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7

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will oppose any offshore exploration for energy
sources through lobbying efforts and the adoption of local
'
regulations as necessary.
11. Energy Facility Siting and Development
'
BACKGROUND
'
Energy facilities other than electric power substations are
deemed to be not compatible with the Town. There is strong
public opinion that all utilities should be placed
underground.
'
POLICY
' The Town opposes the placement of public and multi -service
energy facilities other than carefully planned substations
within Town borders and supports the placement of utility
lines underground.
' IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
' The Town will oppose the siting of public and multi -service
energy facilities in the Town with the exception of
carefully planned substations through lobbying efforts and
' the adoption of local regulations as necessary. It will
consider adoption of an ordinance within the next five years
to require underground utilities for new construction and
substantial improvements to existing structures. Alternative
' energy facilities that commonly serve individual dwellings
and structures will be reviewed on a case by case basis.
I
' 92-32
12. Tourism
BACKGROUND
Tourism is recognized as the backbone of the Kill Devil
Hills economy. As the year-round population continues to
grow, the seasonal population surge becomes greater each
year. A service economy has also developed and a number of
community leaders have begun a program to sponsor "season
extender" special events that are scheduled just prior to or
shortly after the traditional tourist season. These events
help keep the service economy operational for a month or two
longer. Support for tourism and season extending events
continues to be strong in Kill Devil Hills.
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POLICY
The Town supports tourism and its recognition as an
industry. The Town supports season extending events and
measures that promote and enhance its public image.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will continue to support tourism as an industry by
introducing a resolution to legislators, supported by other
resort communities, by the end of 1993. It will take
necessary steps to ensure that the Town is an attractive
tourist destination. It will work with public and private
entities to promote better public relations through training
and community awareness campaigns.
13. Coastal and Estuarine Water Beach Access
14.
BACKGROUND
Surveyed respondents were also asked to indicate their
opinion about the expenditure of public funds to provide
public shoreline access facilities. Support was given for
use of public funds to develop and maintain shoreline access
within Town. See MAP 6.
POLICY
The Town supports the provision of access to the shores for
residents and visitors of Kill Devil Hills.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will continue to implement the Shoreline Access
Plan and fund improvements through ad valorem taxes and
grants when feasible.
Albemarle -Pamlico Estuarine Study
BACKGROUND
This management plan is in the draft stage. The study has
been ongoing since 1987 by the State. The plan primarily
involves environmental quality of the Albemarle -Pamlico
Estuarine System with respect to:
• the human environment;
• waste disposal; and,
• water quality.
92-32 - 54 -

1
' 92-32
POLICY
The Town supports the concept of the Albemarle -Pamlico
Estuarine Study but reserves the right to accept or reject
study recommendations.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will review the Albemarle -Pamlico Estuarine Study
and comment as appropriate.
15. Recycling
BACKGROUND
N.C. Senate Bill 111, enacted in 1989, requires at least 25%
of the total waste stream to be recycled by January 1, 1993.
In March of 1990, Kill Devil Hills became the first beach
municipality to institute a voluntary recycling program.
The public opinion survey indicates support for curbside
recycling pick-ups and even mandatory recycling.
POLICY
The Town supports volunteer curbside recycling and a study
of the feasibility of mandatory recycling.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will work toward the adoption of a program of
voluntary curbside recycling, which may include the purchase
of equipment and promotional tools. It will conduct a
feasibility study of mandatory recycling within the next
five years.
16. Consolidation
BACKGROUND
Community survey results indicate support for the
consolidation of services that are economically feasible.
Also, the survey indicated public support for the concept of
governmental consolidation.
POLICY
The Town supports consolidation of services through
interlocal agreements and contracts when services can be
provided more cost efficiently through such agreements.
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F

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will work with neighboring localities to
consolidate services as opportunities present themselves.
17. Water Facilities
BACKGROUND
See Chapter III, B.,10.,b., page 28, Existing Water and
Sewer Service Areas.
POLICY
The Town supports the economical and efficient provision of
potable water to its citizens and the construction and
maintenance of facilities as necessary. It supports the
continued reliance on interlocal agreements for providng
water. The Town will work with Dare County to study
alternative water sources including water from Aurora, North
Carolina.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will consider conducting an area -wide water needs
study within the next five years and will seek the support
and cooperation of neighboring localities in this effort.
18. Water Conservation
::L4.140 0.10111►IC
Increased public awareness concerning the value and limited
availability of water resources has prompted concern for
water conservation measures.
POLICY
The Town supports voluntary water conservation measures and
the concept of government incentives for retrofitting older
structures to accomplish this goal.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will continue to enforce the plumbing section of
the North Carolina Building Code, requiring water conserving
fixtures and devices. It will conduct public awareness and
public education campaigns through its Utility Department.
92-32 - 56 -

19. Sewer Facilities
'
BACKGROUND
Survey results indicate majority support for a regional
'
wastewater treatment system. See Chapter III, B.,10.,b.,
page 28, Existing Water and Sewer Service Areas.
'
POLICY
The Town supports the establishment of a community -wide
wastewater treatment facility but does not support the
'
surface water discharge of effluent should a new community -
wide plant ever be constructed.
'
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will consider conducting an area -wide water and
'
sewer needs study within the next five years and will seek
the support and cooperation of neighboring localities in
this effort. It will enforce existing regulations governing
'
sewerage treatment facilities. The Town will work toward
the elimination of existing point source discharge pipes for
wastewater.
20. Signs
BACKGROUND
'
A revised sign ordinance was adopted on May 15, 1984.
Portable signs were prohibited due to concerns about visual
clutter, sight triangle blockage, and potential unsafe
conditions during storms. In 1991, regulations were eased
to allow for use of portable signs in times of emergency.
Sign regulations differ between beach localities and
confusion often results.
POLICY
The Town supports the regulation of signs through Chapter
21, Zoning, of the Town Code.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
'
The Town will continue to enforce sign related regulations
found in Chapter 21 of the Town Code and will conduct bi-
annual meetings with the development and business community
to educate the public regarding sign requirements and
alternative methods to draw attention to a business such as
'
landscaping, architecture, and site design. The Town will
work toward a uniform corridor overlay district.
i
1
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21.
Transportation - Local Roads
22.
BACKGROUND
A local road improvements plan has been adopted by the Board
of Commissioners. Survey results indicate general support
for road improvements although a Town -wide street bond
referendum has failed twice previously. Road improvements
have been made on a "pay as you go" basis, with the Town
spending ad valorem tax dollars since 1987.
POLICY
The Town supports a "pay as you go" policy for the upgrade
and opening of unimproved streets as may be necessary to
accommodate new development and supports the concept of
requiring those who generate the demand to provide the road
improvements that may be necessary to provide for safe
traffic movement on a site by site basis. However, the Town
is not opposed to the concept of alternative funding
policies including special assessments.
The Town supports the adoption of a street improvement
master plan to provide contemporary guidelines for road
construction, roadbed preparation, drainage, and pavement
width to accommodate on -street parking. The Town supports
the provision of paved shoulders for pedestrian and bicycle
traffic in predetermined areas. It also supports the street
improvement plan adopted in 1990.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will continue to implement the street improvement
plan as adopted by the Board of Commissioners in 1990. It
will continue to enforce local road construction
specifications as set forth in the Town Code. It will
investigate alternative funding methods and policies.
Transportation - Interjurisdictional Roads
BACKGROUND
The Town and its neighbors have been unified and consistent
with respect to transportation system improvements requests.
Three main interjurisdictional roads traverse Kill Devil
Hills. Each, as discussed below, have been improved or are
scheduled for improvement by the North Carolina Department
of Transportation.
U.S. 158 (Croatan Highway) -- This system has been
five-laned from a point near the Wright Brothers
Bridge to Whalebone Junction. Plans are to continue
five-laning from Whalebone Junction to the Midway
intersection. The Washington -Baum Bridge over the
Roanoke Sound has been replaced with a four -lane
structure.
92-32 - 58 -

'
• NC 12 (Virginia Dare Trail) -- In 1991, this route was
widened and provided a four foot wide shoulder.
• SR 1217 (Colington Road) -- This route has been
widened to three lanes from U.S. 158 to Ocean Bay
'
Boulevard in the vicinity of the Kill Devil Hills
Administrative and Public Works complex.
'
POLICY
The Town supports the expeditious completion of the
'
following interjurisdictional road improvement projects by
the North Carolina Department of Transportation:
• Improvements to the Wright Brothers Bridge across
Currituck Sound.
'
• Five-laning of U.S. 158 from Whalebone Junction to
Midway.
• Five-laning of SR 168 to the Virginia -North Carolina
'
line.
• Projects necessary to mitigate drainage problems and
'
provide pedestrian and bicycle amenities along NC 12.
• Projects necessary to improve the entire SR 1217
'
corridor including bridge replacements and widening to
facilitate bicycle traffic.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will forward comments, letters, and resolutions in
conjunction with other area localities in a unified effort
to the North Carolina Department of Transportation and will
'
attend and speak at public hearings as necessary concerning
the State's Transportation Improvement Plan.
23. Regulation of Short Term Rentals
BACKGROUND
'
Identified as an issue by citizens and planners, problems
from noise, parking, and overcrowding continue throughout
the rental season and present a challenge to the Town's
'
enforcement and regulatory staff. The Town has regulations
regarding noise and parking.
'
POLICY
The Town supports the vigorous enforcement of rules and
regulations mitigating the adverse effects of problems
associated with short term rentals.
1 92-32 - 59 -

24.
25.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will continue to enforce existing rules and
regulations. The Town will define short term rentals,
analyze existing regulations that apply, and examine the
need for additional regulations. The Town Planning Board
will work with the Board of Realtors, Chamber of Commerce,
and Tourism Board to develop a code of conduct to be
displayed in rental units and at various public places.
Recreation
BACKGROUND
The Town has adopted and is implementing the Town of Kill
Devil Hills Recreation Facilities Plan, 1989. A capital
reserve fund for recreation and recreational facilities
continues to be budgeted.
POLICY
The Town supports the provision of adequate, accessible, and
well -maintained public recreational facilities geared toward
children and the year-round population. It also supports
organized recreational activities.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will continue to implement the Recreational
Facilities Plan, utilizing public funds. The Town will
develop mini -parks at its northern (Ocean Circle Park at
Hayman Boulevard) and southern boundaries. The Town will
investigate alternative funding methods including private
programs and donations to accelerate the development of the
Dare County Recreation Park in Kill Devil Hills.
Community Appearance
BACKGROUND
The Planning Board continues to serve as the de -facto
Community Appearance Committee. The Town has a litter
problem and the responsibility to clean up litter.
Citizens, Planning Board members, and professional staff
have discussed the need for more action regarding roadside
and beach litter. Programs such as "Adopt -a -Road" or
"Adopt -a -Beach" have been suggested.
92-32 - 60 -

POLICY
'
The Town supports the formation of a Community Appearance
Committee to be appointed by the Board of Commissioners. The
Committee would select recipients of Community Appearance
'
Awards and advise the Board on methods by which the
community's appearance might be improved including studies
'
and recommendations as may be necessary to address the
problem of litter on beaches and along roads.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Within the next five years, the Town will appoint a
Community Appearance Committee, with a charge to establish
guidelines and procedures for community appearance awards
'
and to conduct studies and make recommendations addressing
problems of litter on beaches and along roads. The Town
'
will promote an "Adopt -a -Beach" program and educate the
public through local media concerning community appearance
needs. The Town will consider locating recycling containers
at beach accesses and the installation of roadside litter
'
receptacles.
26. Annexation
'
BACKGROUND
Survey results indicate support for the institution of
extraterritorial planning jurisdiction within one mile of
the Town's limits as provided for in Article 19, Section
160A-360 of the North Carolina Code. Friendly annexations
are also viewed favorably. In 1990, an administrative
'
staff's cost -benefit study indicated that annexation was not
cost beneficial to the Town.
'
POLICY
The Town supports the regulation of land uses of
'
unincorporated land within one mile of the Town's
jurisdictional limit and is not opposed to participating in
friendly annexations if favorable to the Town.
'
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
'
Within the next five years, the Town will consider a
cooperative zoning plan with Dare County for the Colington
area and will consider extraterritorial planning and zoning
districts within one mile of the Town's limits where
'
applicable.
' 92-32 - 61 -
C��

27.
92-32
Historic Preservation
BACKGROUND
There are few structures in Kill Devil Hills that qualify
for nomination to the National Register of Historic
Structures. This is due primarily to the frequency of
storms and hurricanes that have periodically destroyed the
housing base of the Town and the fact that the Town has only
been incorporated for 39 years. However, the Town is
committed to the identification of those few structures that
may qualify for historic status.
POLICY
The Town favors the identification of historic structures
and the establishment of a Historic Preservation Committee
to help identify such structures -- paying particular
attention to the original Coast Guard Station.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will appoint a Historic Preservation Committee
within the next five years and charge it with the
identification of historic structures in Kill Devil Hills.
Housing Mix
BACKGROUND
Since 1980, the Town has followed a plan that reserves the
bulk of available land in Kill Devil Hills for detached
single family residential structures. From 1983-1985, a
comprehensive rezoning master plan was implemented. In
November 1991, the zoning text was modified to complete this
effort. The Town's Zoning Map was amended to reflect a
three-tier format of land use, with the majority of the land
use west of U.S. 158 (Croatan Highway) placed in the Town's
most restrictive residential class. Multi -family
development west of U.S. 158 is a conditional use and is not
encouraged. Those areas zoned for Business uses between NC
12 and U.S. 158 are also suitable for multi -family
residential development. Land use east of NC 12 has been
identified as subject to ocean overwash, storm surge, and
shoreline migration and is subject to a number of special
restrictions such as reduced densities, height restrictions,
and a reduction of permitted uses as indicated in the text
of the recently adopted Ocean Impact Residential Zoning
District. The 3rd Street and Ocean Bay Boulevard corridor
serves to break up the established commercial district and
provides a scenic vista corridor for the Wright Brothers
Memorial Monument.
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L
POLICY
The Town will continue its three-tier approach to land use
and housing mix, with land use west of U.S. 158 reserved
primarily for detached single family residential use,
restrictive zoning guidelines for land use east of NC 12 and
highest and best use zoning districts between the two
highways at the north and south ends of the Town.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will continue to staff a full-time Planning and
Development Department with personnel capable of enforcing
land use and building regulations. The Town will consider
the creation of a residential only zoning district, a
resort -residential only zoning district (allowing short term
rentals) and a village commercial zoning district within the
next five years.
29. Building Heights
BACKGROUND
In 1982, the Board of Commissioners adopted a construction
moratorium on buildings in excess of 35 feet. Building
heights became an emotional issue primarily due to
opposition by local residents to the "urbanization" of the
shoreline by "high-rise" structures. The prevailing opinion
was that the Town should endeavor to preserve a.low profile
skyline, especially along the oceanfront. As a' result, a
compromise set of regulations was drafted and adopted that
limit building heights on the oceanfront and in the
residential districts to 42 feet, with no habitable space
above 35 feet. The remaining 7 feet are reserved for
roofline design and attic space. A 50 foot building height
limit continues to remain in effect in the commercial zoning
districts. Survey results indicate support for current
building heights limitations.
POLICY
' The Town supports the maintenance of i
profile image and skyline by limiting
residential district building heights
' total feet. A maximum building height
commercial and light industrial zoning
supported.
' IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
' 92-32
is traditional low -
oceanfront and
to not more than 42
of 50 feet in the
districts is also
The Town will continue to enforce Chapter 21, Zoning, of the
Town Code.
- 63 -

30. Health
BACKGROUND
A regional medical center in Kitty Hawk has been opened.
Support for a full service hospital continues although the
likelihood of such a facility is remote.
POLICY
The Town supports the continued provision of quality,
affordable health care and the construction of a full
service hospital in Dare County.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will continue to lobby for the modification of the
area wide health services plan to include Dare County as a
candidate for a hospital.
31. Education
32.
BACKGROUND
Two new schools, First Flight Elementary and First Flight
Middle School opened in the 1991-92 school year. Both are
located on the Baum Tract. Dare County continues to plan
for a new high school which is supported by the Town.
POLICY
The Town supports the construction of additional educational
facilities as may be necessary in Kill Devil Hills on the
Baum Tract.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will continue to support the construction of Dare
County school facilities on the Baum Tract.
Capital Improvements
BACKGROUND
One of the most important elements in any plan for a
community experiencing growth is a capital improvements
plan. As population increases, a greater demand for
governmental services is created. Those services are often
costly items, and to meet the cost and provide services,
local governments must attempt to project what the service
demand (and cost) will be and make plans to meet the
increased demand prior to the actual point in time when the
demand is a reality.
92-32 - 64 -

' POLICY
The Town supports the concept of capital improvements
' planning.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
' The Town will develop and adopt a Capital Improvements Plan
within the next five years.
'
33. Growth
BACKGROUND
'
The development of some previously undeveloped land in
Currituck County may come to fruition and effect growth in
Dare County and Kill Devil Hills. The key for Kill Devil
Hills is to keep land values in line with other communities.
'
The fact that the land in Kill Devil Hills was platted long
ago has predetermined development patterns to a large
degree. However, redevelopment patterns must receive more
'
attention now.
Survey results indicate strong support for not increasing
population densities while the overall opinion of Town
services is satisfactory.
'
POLICY
The Town supports current regulatory efforts to maintain a
'
moderate growth rate with a 1995-96 target permanent
population of 6,312 persons and a target peak population of
41,957. It also supports government action to promote
redevelopment and to make the Town a more desirable place to
'
live and locate.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
'
The Town will continue to enforce existing regulations and
evaluate demographic information as it is supplied by
tE.
county, regional, state, and federal agencies.
Public Education and Citizen Participation
' BACKGROUND
Rule .0207-Public Participation, Subchapter 7B, of the North
' Carolina Administrative Code, October 1989, requires
localities to:
1 92-32 - 65 -

...employ a variety of educational efforts and
participation techniques to assure that all segments
of the community have a full and adequate opportunity
to be informed and to effectively participate in
planning decision -making.
On May 11, 1992, the Board of Commissioners adopted a
citizen participation plan designed to give the public an
opportunity to voice its views on all required policy items
throughout the 1993 Town of Kill Devil Land Use Plan Update.
Several public education and citizen participation
strategies were to be used by the Town to accomplish this
objective and thus fulfill legal requirements. The Town
Planning Board was designated as the principal local board
responsible for supervision of the 1993 Town of Kill Devil
Hills Land Use Plan Update. The Public Education and
Citizen Participation Plan is included as APPENDIX 4.
Citizen participation in the planning process promotes
public education regarding land use issues, policy
development, and regulatory procedures. The Town proceeds
from this premise, thereby furthering public education on
planning issues while obtaining citizen input in developing
land use plan policy statements and allowing for continued
public participation in the planning process. To ensure
that all economic, social, ethnic, and cultural view points
are properly considered in the updating process, the Town
utilizes a variety of public education and citizen
participation strategies including public opinion surveys,
direct citizen participation, interest group participation,
and media participation.
POLICY
The Town of Kill Devil Hills encourages
in all land use decisions and procedure
processes and encourages citizen input
commissions, and agencies.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
d
public participation '
development
via its boards,
The Town will continue to use advertisements in newspapers,
radio public service announcements, and direct mailings to
announce meetings and encourage participation by citizens,
interest groups, news media, and other interested parties.
Meeting notices will also be posted on bulletin boards and
information desks where appropriate. Efforts will be made
to attend civic club meetings and the like to further expose
the planning process to the public.
92-32
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1

' F. Natural Hazards Planning
1. Introduction
'
The Division of Coastal Management encourages local
governments to focus on three phases of natural hazards
planning. These include storm hazard mitigation, post
'
disaster recovery, and evacuation plans.
The 1987 Town of Kill Devil Hills Land Use Plan included
"Storm Hazards Planning and Mitigation," "Post Disaster
Reconstruction Plan," and "Hurricane Evacuation" sections as
a part of Chapter VII. Much of the information contained in
APPENDIX 5 "Elements of Emergency Management Planning",
APPENDIX 6 "Hazard Areas", and APPENDIX 7 "Post Disaster
t
Recovery" of this Update was taken from the 1987 Plan.
Reviews of this information and. the defacto procedures that
'
Town staff and others follow in time of emergency pointed to
the need for a separate Natural Hazards Plan to incorporate
the required issue areas and to accurately portray and set
forth the duties and responsibilities of the Town, Dare
'
County, and those agencies and personnel called upon in time
of emergency.
'
2. Storm Hazard Mitigation
BACKGROUND
Storm hazards are far more serious than commonly perceived.
The series of tornadoes which struck eastern North Carolina
in March of 1984 and publicity surrounding the devastation
'
caused by Hurricane Hugo in 1989 and Hurricane Andrew in
1992, have increased awareness of the need for storm hazard
mitigation and natural hazards planning.
'
There are numerous natural hazards and many are likely to
occur in Kill Devil Hills. These include:
'
• flooding and erosion;
• high winds (hurricanes and northeasters);
• tornadoes; and,
'
• snow and ice storms.
Of particular importance to Outer Banks localities' land use
planning are storms and their resultant erosion, flooding,
'
and high winds. In order to effectively plan for such
hazards, a comprehensive approach is necessary. APPENDIX 5
discusses the elements of emergency management planning. It
'
also describes the ties between emergency management
planning and land use planning necessary to achieve a
comprehensive approach for mitigating hazards.
1
92-32 - 67 -

Because of the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean and the
Roanoke Sound and the nature of the barrier island upon
which Kill Devil Hills is located, the occurrence of a major
hurricane could create a hazard zone that would encompass
the entire community. Depending upon the severity and
nature of the storm striking Kill Devil Hills, certain lower
lying areas would be subject to flooding initially with the
higher areas containing development remaining relatively
safe except during the most severe of storms. In APPENDIX
6, hazard areas in Town are defined and are discussed
relative to storm severity.
Development has been intense within the hazard zones of Kill
Devil Hills although most of it has occurred in the higher,
less floodprone areas of the Town. As the Town's population
and reliance on tourism increases, there will be a greater
demand for intensifying water oriented land uses. Kill
Devil Hills is in the mainstream of intense coastal
development pressures and it should be anticipated that
further development in and near hazard areas will occur.
At the present time there are some mitigation policies in
effect. Kill Devil Hills has a zoning ordinance, building
codes, and a flood damage prevention ordinance. Other
regulations include National Flood Insurance Program
regulations and state and federal emergency management
regulations.
Currently, Kill Devil Hills permits development -to occur in
hazard areas. Similarly, it is expected that development
within the hazard areas will occur in the future. If
development is to occur in these areas it should be hazard -
resistant. Where and what kind of development should occur
in Kill Devil Hills, and how this development should be
constructed so as to minimize damage in the event of a major
storm are questions facing those that formulate policies and
regulations in the Town.
POLICY
The Town supports the development and adoption of a Natural
Hazards Plan. It also supports the continued enforcement of
the Kill Devil Hills Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance, the
continued implementation of the area -wide street address
ordinance, and the establishment of a post -disaster fund of
state monies to supplement federal disaster relief aid to be
allocated to North Carolina communities that have been
declared major disasters.
92-32 - 68 -

'
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will continue to enforce existing ordinances and
take measures as necessary to enhance storm hazard
'
mitigation efforts including support of the Dare County
Emergency Management Plan. It will identify supplemental
emergency powers that state statutes allow and seek the
necessary authorization from the state to exercise same.
'
The Town will develop and adopt a Natural Hazards Plan in
1993.
'
3. Post -Disaster Recovery
BACKGROUND
1
Clearly defined post -disaster recovery procedures will
permit Kill Devil Hills to deal with the aftermath of a
storm in an organized and efficient manner. APPENDIX 7
'
provides a conceptual approach to post disaster recovery --
to be used by the Town as a general guide while a Natural
Hazards Plan is developed and adopted.
Post -disaster recovery encompasses three distinct
reconstruction periods. The emergency period is the
reconstruction phase immediately after a storm. The
'
emphasis is on restoring public health and safety, assessing
the nature and extent of storm damage and qualifying for and
obtaining federal and state assistance. The restoration
'
period is the weeks and months following a storm disaster.
The emphasis during this period is on restoring community
facilities and utilities and essential business so the
'
municipality can return to normal activities. The
replacement period is the period during which the community
is rebuilt. This period could last from months to years
'
depending on the nature and extent of the damages incurred.
POLICY
'
The Town supports the continued use of procedures currently
in place and the development and adoption of a Natural
Hazards Plan. It also supports the Dare County Emergency
tManagement
Plan.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
'
The Town will develop and adopt a Natural Hazards Plan in
1993.
1 92-32 - 69 -

4.
Hurricane Evacuation
BACKGROUND
Since 1980, the Dare County area has been evacuated twice
due to potential strikes by Hurricane Diana in 1984 and
Hurricane Gloria in 1985. Fortunately, in both instances
the area was smoothly evacuated and in both instances the
area was spared a direct hit. However, evacuation occurred
during the Autumn season and not during the peak population
surge. The Town is directly responsible for directing
traffic and assisting with evacuation. Difficulties can
still be anticipated should evacuation be necessary during a
period of peak population. The need for additional
improvements to the evacuation routes and bridges has been
identified. However, fifty-one percent of survey
respondents disagreed that plans for the evacuation of the
island in the event of a major storm during peak tourist
season are adequate.
Dare County is required to evaluate the adequacy of
evacuation routes used in emergency situations. The routes
should be critically assessed for their efficient use. If
the required evacuation time exceeds the standard warning
time as provided by the National Weather Service, officials
should consider adopting policies which would improve the
adequacy of the routes. This step may involve coordination
with the North Carolina Division of Emergency Management
(DEM) and the North Carolina Department of Transportation
(NCDOT).
POLICY
The Town supports:
• annual awareness campaigns and evacuation exercises;
• bridge and road improvements as may be necessary to
increase traffic flow on evacuation routes;
• continuation of a full time Emergency Management
Coordinator and an annual update of the Dare County
Hurricane Evacuation Master Plan and Disaster
Assessment Team Personnel Roster;
• erection of evacuation route identification signs
during the hurricane season;
• a back-up evacuation shelter design feature to those
new public structures that may be built by the Town in
the future; and,
• adoption of a Natural Hazards Plan.
92-32 - 70 -

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Town will participate in Dare County evacuation drills
and damage assessment teams, support and lobby for
improvements to evacuation routes and bridges and review
plans for new publicly owned structures for the inclusion of
back-up shelter features. The Town will develop and adopt a
Natural Hazards Plan in 1993.
92-32 - 71 -

I
I V. LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

V.
LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
A.
f:1
Introduction
As provided for in Rule .0204 of Subchapter 7B of the North
Carolina Administrative Code, October 1989, a land classification
system has been developed as a means of assisting Kill Devil Hills
in the implementation of land use policies adopted herein.
Delineation of land classes on the land classification map allows
the Town to specify areas where certain policies apply. The land
classification system is intended to be supported and complemented
by zoning, subdivision and other local growth management tools and
these local tools should be consistent with the classification
system as much as possible.
The land classification system provides a framework to be used by
the Town to identify the present and future use of all lands. As
such, the land classification system is a tool to help implement
policies. The designation of land classes allows the Town to
illustrate its policy statements as to where and to what density
it wants growth to occur and where it wants to conserve natural
and cultural resources by guiding growth.
SOURCE: North Carolina Administrative Code, October 1989.
Land Classifications
The land classification system can include seven basic classes and
various subclasses. The basic classes include developed, urban
transition, limited transition, community, rural, rural with
services, and conservation. The Town has identified and mapped
four classes of land uses. See MAP 7. The classes are described
as follows:
1. Developed
The purpose of developed class is to provide for continued
intensive development and redevelopment. Areas meeting the
intent of the developed classification are currently urban
in character where minimal undeveloped land remains and have
in place, or are scheduled for the timely provision of, the
usual municipal or public services. Urban in character
includes mixed land uses such as residential, commercial,
industrial, institutional, and other uses at high to
moderate densities. Services include water, sewer,
recreational facilities, streets and roads, police and fire
protection. In some instances an area may not have all the
traditional urban services in place, but if it otherwise has
a developed character and is scheduled for the timely
provision of these services, it still meets the intent of
the developed classification. Areas developed for
predominantly residential purposes meet the intent of this
classification if they exhibit:
92-32 - 72 -

•
a density of 3 or more dwelling units per
acre; or,
•
a majority of lots of 15,000 square feet or
less, which are provided or scheduled to be
provided with the traditional urban services;
and/or,
'
•
permanent population densities are high and
seasonal populations may swell significantly.
'
Land
in this classification provides the setting for the
most
intensive levels of development in Kill Devil Hills.
Most
basic public services are available in this class and
permissible housing densities and commercial uses are the
most
liberal available in Kill Devil Hills.
2.
Limited Transition
The purpose of the limited transition class is to
provide for future intensive urban development on
'
lands that are suitable and that will be provided with
the necessary urban services to support intensive
urban development. Areas meeting the intent of this
classification are presently being developed for urban
'
purposes or will be developed in the next five to ten
years to accommodate anticipated population and urban
growth. These areas are in, or will be in an urban
'
"transition" state of development going from lower
intensity uses to higher intensity uses and as such
will eventually require urban services.
Areas classified limited transition will provide lands
for intensive urban growth when lands in the developed
class are not available. Urban transition lands must
'
be able to support urban development and be served or
readily served by urban services. Urban development
'
includes mixed land uses such as residential,
commercial, institutional, industrial and other uses
at approximately high to moderate densities. Urban
services include water, sewer, streets and roads,
'
police and fire protection that will be made available
at the time development occurs or soon thereafter.
Permanent population densities in this class will be
high and the seasonal population may swell
'
significantly.
Areas that are predominantly residential meet the
'
intent of this class if:
• they are approaching three dwelling units per
'
acre; or,
1 92-32 - 73 -

3.
92-32
• a majority of the lots are 15,000 square feet
or less and will be provided with essential
urban services to support this high density
development; or,
• are contiguous to existing developed
municipal areas.
Land in this classification provides the setting for
future development. Basic public services may already
be available in this class, or can be anticipated
within the next five to ten years. The
characteristics of this land make it suitable for
future development without the potential for the loss
of irreplaceable natural resources. In Kill Devil
Hills, land in this class includes the Morrison Tract,
which lies between First Flight Village and Wright
Woods and the Baum Tract, which is owned by the Town.
Community
The purpose of the community class is to provide for
clustered, mixed land uses at low densities to help
meet housing, shopping, employment and other needs.
Areas meeting the intent of the community class are
presently developed at low densities which are
suitable for private septic tank use. These areas are
clustered residential and/or commercial land uses
which provide both low intensity shopping:and housing
opportunities and provide a local social sense of
"community." Municipal type services such as fire
protection and community water may be available, but
municipal type sewer systems are not provided. The
major characteristics which distinguishes community
with limited services from the developed and
transition classes is that services are not provided
to stimulate intense development, but rather to
neutralize or avert health problems.
Lands in this classification provide for a mix of low
density housing, shopping, and employment needs and
are not serviced by off -site wastewater treatment
plants. Single family residential lots of 12-15,000
square feet dominate this land class in Kill Devil
Hills, with housing densities limited to nine units
per acre. Although developed past the rural stage,
this land class is'limited in its ability to sustain
urban growth by the absence of wastewater treatment.
Generally, this classification applies in the Town's
developed residential areas including the oceanfront
and the scenic area for the Wright Brothers Memorial
west of U.S. 158.
- 74 -
H
H
i
7

'
4. Conservation
'
The purpose of the conservation class is to provide
for effective long-term management and protection of
significant, limited, or irreplaceable areas.
Management is needed due to the natural, cultural,
'
recreational, scenic or natural productive values of
both local and more than local concern. Areas meeting
'
the intent of this classification include:
• AEC's, including but not limited to public trust
waters, estuarine waters, coastal wetlands, etc.
'
as identified in 15A NCAC 7H; and
• other similar lands, environmentally significant
because of their natural role in the integrity
of the coastal region and include, but are not
limited to, bottom land hardwoods, pocosins,
swamp forest, areas that are or have high
'
probability of providing wildlife habitat,
forest lands that are essentially undeveloped,
and lands which otherwise contain significant
productive, natural, scenic, cultural, or
'
recreational resources.
' The conservation class is designed to illustrate the
natural, productive, scenic, cultural and recreational
features of Kill Devil Hills which make it a desirable
place in which to live, work, and visit. As such the
' conservation class should be applied to areas that
because of their unique, productive, limited,
cultural, or natural features, should either not be
developed at all (preserved), or if developed, done so
in an extremely limited and cautious fashion.
'
Lands in this classification have been identified as
retaining significant or irreplaceable natural
resources, scenic vistas, recreational sites, or
cultural values to such a degree that careful
'
management practices are necessary to insure the long-
term viability of those resources. Only carefully
planned and managed development is recommended on
'
lands in this class.
Generally, lands in this classification are found in
'
the maritime forest and the Wright Brothers National
Historic Site.
Acceptable uses include but are not limited to
recreation areas, residential uses, and Town -owned or
'
leased facilities.
'
SOURCES: Department of Planning and Development, Town
of Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina and 1987 Town of
Kill Devil Hills Land Use Plan.
92-32
- 75 -

I WORKSHOPS AND MEETINGS
7

WORKSHOPS AND MEETINGS
Commencing with the public opinion survey, citizen participation in the
planning process was encouraged throughout the development of the 1993 Town of
Kill Devil Hills Land Use Plan Update.
On May 11, 1992, the Board of Commissioners adopted the Public Education
and Citizen Participation Plan. As described in the Plan (See APPENDIX 4),
round -table discussions were held during regularly scheduled Planning Board
meetings on the first and third tuesday of each month beginning on May 7,
1992. Minutes of these meetings, public notices, and media accounts relating
to the development and adoption of the 1993 Update are on file in the Town
Administrative Offices.
The Town's Director of Planning and Development invited input and
discussed the land use plan update with the Kill Devil Hills' Taxpayer's
Association on July 17, 1992, and with other Outer Banks professional planners
at quarterly, area -wide planners' luncheons. Similarly, he was interviewed
about the planning process by the local television station (Cablecast) on
August 4, 1992.
92-32 - 76 -

W
U
O

' SOURCES
' 1987 Town of Kill Devil Hills Land Use Plan. Town of Kill Devil Hills,
North Carolina and Stephenson and Associates, Greenville, North
Carolina.
' Kill Devil Hills Town Code, Chapter 19, Subdivision Regulations. Town
of Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina.
' Kill Devil Hills Town Code, Chapter 21, Zoning. Town of Kill Devil
Hills, North Carolina.
' Kill Devil Hills Town Code, Chapter 8; Flood Damage Prevention
Ordinance. Town of Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina.
' Town of Kill Devil Hills Stormwater Management Plan Update, 1988. Town
of Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina and William C. Overman Associates,
P.C., Virginia Beach, Virginia.
' Town of Kill Devil Hills 1990 Shoreline Access Plan Update. Town of
Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina.
' Town of Kill Devil Hills Recreational Facilities Plan, 1989. Town of
Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina and William C. Overman Associates,
P.C., Virginia Beach, Virginia.
' "Soil Survey of the Outer Banks." United States Department -of
Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C., 1979.
' "Soil Survey of Dare County, North Carolina." United States Department
of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. Washington, D.C., 1992.
' Dare County Carrying/Development Study Final Report. Booz-Allen and
Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, 1986.
Land Use Plan and Policies for Growth and Development 1987 Update, Dare
' County. North Carolina. Dare County, North Carolina and Edward D.
Stone, Jr. and Associates, Wilmington, North Carolina.
' Land Use Plan Kitty Hawk, North Carolina 1989. Town of Kitty Hawk,
North Carolina and Coastal Resources Collaborative, LTD., Chapel Hill,
North Carolina.
' Town of Nags Head 1990 Land Use Plan. Town of Nags Head, North
Carolina.
1990 Census of Population and Housing. U.S. Department of Commerce,
Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C.
1
92-32 - 77 -

"The Impacts of Wastewater Disposal Practices on the Hydrogeology of
North Carolina Barrier Islands - Final Report." United States
Environmental Protection Agency with assistance from Applied Biology,
Inc., 641 Dekalb Industrial Way, Decatur, Georgia.
"Environmental Impact Statement - North Carolina Barrier Islands
Wastewater Management." United States Environmental Protection Agency,
Region IV 345 Courtland Street, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia.
"Comprehensive Plan of Recommendations for Street Improvements in the
Town of Kill Devil Hills." Kill Devil Hills Citizen Advisory Committee,
April, 1989.
"Buildout Study Outer Banks District." North Carolina Power January 11,
1988.
"Kill Devil Hills Public Opinion Survey Summary; Survey of Kill Devil
Hills Subgroup Comparisons; and, Town of Kill Devil Hills Public Opinion
Survey." East Carolina University Regional Development Institute.
North Carolina Administrative Code, October 1989.
92-32 - 78 -

m m m m m m m m m = = m m ■. m m

APPENDIX 1
1992 TOWN OF KILL DEVIL HILLS PUBLIC OPINION SURVEY SUMMARY; SURVEY FORM
SOURCE: East Carolina University Regional Development Institute, Greenville,
North Carolina 27858-4353.
The preparation of this document was financed in part through a grant
provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds
provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is
administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
92-32
1 - I

KILL DEVIL HILLS PUBLIC OPINION SURVEY
SUMMARY
OVERVIEW
The following report offers a synopsis of the results of the Kill
Devil Hills Public opinion Survey conducted by the Survey Re-
search Laboratory, a component of the East Carolina University
Regional Development Institute. The survey, developed by the
Kill Devil Hills Planning Board, was tabulated and reviewed by
the Laboratory's staff. Frequency of responses and some cross
examinations have been conducted but additional evaluation of the
data will be based upon input from the local planning staff,
planning board members, and land use plan consultants.
The survey was mailed and response was requested by April 6,
1992. The survey population was 3,765 households, composed of
the water customers of Kill Devil Hills, including.both residents
and non-residents. The instrument was mailed with a business -
reply envelope for return.
The survey was divided into a background/demographics section
that offered a profile of the respondents. A brief Community
Services section which allowed residents to express opinions
about local government- services. The third section, Community
Issues, addressed a number of immediate local concerns, including
general issues, development issues, future planning issues, and
issues related to taxes and public funds. Section four contained
questions on more complex issues of local importance, while the
final section provided some opinions regarding recreational
priorities and options of financing them.
PROFILE
Prior.to the cutoff date, 1375 surveys of the 36.62 had been
returned -- a 37.5% return: This return rate is considered good
for a mail survey of such detail and length. The average re-
spondent is male (71%) but not residing full-time in Kill Devil
Hills. The respondent is a homeowner with the residence located
west of Highway U.S. 158. He does not (68%) own additional
property in the Town. The average respondent is married with no
children living in the home. The median age of the respondent is
in the 50-59 age bracket as nearly 2/3rds of the respondents were
in the three oldest age brackets. The income level of the re-
spondents is high as almost half responded that their annual
incomes exceed $50,000 a year. The average person has lived or
1-2

C�
owned property in Kill Devil Hills less than ten years with one
out of four having less than five years of residence. The re-
spondent is employed in professional or technical jobs with 1/3
being retired.
' The profile of the respondent tends to differ with the average
resident of Kill Devil Hills. He is older than the 32.2 years
' median age, more likely to be married, and less likely to have
children at home. The profile is skewed toward the male perspec-
tive and is weighted toward the perspective of'year-round resi-
dents of Kill Devil Hills despite the high return of non-resident
' surveys. Since local information concerning income levels has
not been released by the Bureau of the Census, it is not possible
to determine if the income level is representative of the Town of
' Kill Devil Hills. As expected, the information is skewed toward
the attitude of homeowners since the mailing list was provided by
the Town's Water Department.
ICOMMUNITY SERVICES
' The response to individual satisfaction concerning Town services
was very positive as nearly 2 out of 3 citizens were satisfied.
Combined with the "very satisfied" group, the level of satisfac-
tion approaches 750. Less than 10% of the respondents expressed
dissatisfaction while 18% were neutral.
' Written responses covered a wide range of issues as approximately
20% of the returned surveys had notes in this section. A more
complete synopsis of the "verbatim" questions will be provided
later.
COMMUNITY ISSUES
These issues provided insight into several general areas of
community interest. The most serious. opinion of the citizens
related to their confidence in the evacuation capabilities of the
island should a natural disaster occur_ The majority felt that
the existing plans were not adequate for.proper evacuation.
Questions related to service consolidation and local government
consolidation provided a surprising response as over 80% thought
services should be consolidated and a majority (53%) felt that
the local governments of the Outer Banks should be merged.
Two issues exhibited wide disagreement among the respondents.
Local governments's role in the promotion of affordable housing
and -the substitution of a recycling pick-up in place of regular
waste pick-up both showed no consensus.
1 - 3

The presence of private interests made a difference in the. atti-
tudes concerning affordable housing and the allowance for street
peddlers as each were favored in deference to public involvement.
Favor was found on issues such as mandatory curbside recycling
and -the opportunities of citizens to participate in community
affairs.
DEVELOPMENT
A series of questions related to development concerns emphasized
a definite pattern. The responses showed that citizens wanted
less commercial development and more residential development.
This sentiment continued as the responses showed a strong resent-
ment to an increase in density of persons per acre or relaxing
rules to allow denser development.
Related development issues such as the placement of utilities
underground, rebuilding of structures after storms (except ocean-
front) and greater setback requirements for oceanfront structures
were all favored. The underground utilities question was pre-
ferred by 89% of the sample, but higher taxes to allow for this
was disagreed by 65%.
The use of public funds for beach nourishment was not endorsed
while private funds were acceptable. Questions related to sign -
age provided a weak endorsement of present, local guidelines and
no clear attitude over the acceptability of portable signs.
FUTURE PLANNING
The respondents had a variety of future planning issues to ad-
dress in the survey. The concept of a true by-pass showed wide•
disagreement as 42% agreed or agreed strongly while 42% disagreed
or disagreed strongly.
Another infrastructure question concerning municipal sewage
treatment had the endorsement of a slight majority.
Impact fees.being imposed on developers has solid support by 88%
of the citizens while new architectural standards were favored by
67%. Another favored concept was the use of public funds to
provide beach access while public funds to facilitate on -street
parting or erosion control was not favored. The development of
parks and recreation areas through public funds was favored in 2
of the 3 questions posed.
1-4

SPECIAL ISSUES
Clearly, the allowance of taller structures in any of the situa-
tions described in the survey was not favored. The consensus was
' clear in each case as at least 3 out of 4 responses did not favor
buildings of 5 or more stories in any area.
The questions related to dogs and vehicles on the beaches showed
favor only during the beach's off-season.
I
RECREATION
The opinions concerning construction of various recreation facil-
' ities.had a wide range of answers ranging from 82% approval for
bicycle routes to 54% disapproval of a public golf course. A
public swimming pool was not favored while a park at "Fresh -Pond"
' showed no clear preference. The remaining facilities were en-
dorsed by majorities.
Grants and admission fees were the most preferred options to fund
the construction of parks and recreation facilities. Toll
charges on bridges were the definite 3rd choice while taxes was
the least preferred method by 61% of those who responded.
1-5

SURVEY OF KILL DEVIL HILLS
SUBGROUP COMPARISONS
Each of the questions asked in the survey was cross -tabulated
with several important respondent characteristics. These include
whether the respondent maintains his or her primary residence in
Kill Devil Hills, whether the respondent is a year-round or
seasonal resident of Kill Devil Hills, length of residence in
Kill Devil Hills, whether or not the respondent is retired,
whether the respondent lives North or South of Colington Road,
and whether the respondent lives East or West of the Croatan
Highway. This is a summary of the statistically significant
relationships found in the resulting 854 pages of computer print-
out.
RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS
The first set of comparisons are between people who indicate that
their primary residence is in Kill Devil Hills (84.7t) and those
who report that their primary resident is - "out-of-town" (15.3-%)..
Many of the residents do not live in Kill Devil Hills year-round
(55.1$) and 57.4% list a permanent residence somewhere else.
Interestingly, only 36.2% of the people who returned the survey
did not list a permanent address elsewhere. [The residence responses created
some interpretation problems. As well as can be determined, the initial question regarding "primary resi-
dence" was asked to identify the location of the respondents duelling within Kill Devil Hills. The purpose
of the answer ►'out of town" was intended to identify homes outside the corporate limits but served by Kill
Devil Hills Water System. Unfortunately, this was perceived by 203 respondents to mean their permanent
residence as these respondents lived "out of state" or "out of the immediate area." The majority (75.2%) of
the nonresident property owners answered question 1 as it related to their seasonal home. Despite the
contradiction.of terms between "primary" and "permanent" residence, the survey provides a contrast between
residents and nonresidents through the cross -tabulation of Question 5.as only 6 respondents who answered as
year-round residents of Kill Devil Hills mistakenly answered 96, also. This mistake is thought to be an
interpretation by these respondents that they live "year-round" in Kill Devil Hills despite having a perma-
nent home elsewhere.]
To simplify this discussion, "support" is used when the agree and
strongly agree categories are combined and "oppose" is used when
the disagree and strongly disagree categories are combined.
Also, whenever a pair of percentages are given in parentheses,
the first percentage reflects the responses of residents and the
second reflects the responses of nonresidents.
The residents and nonresidents do not differ on where they live
in Kill Devil Hills. More nonresidents report owning other
property in Kill Devil Hills. There are no significant
1 - 6

differences on gender, marital status, children living in the
home, age, length of residence in Kill Devil Hills, or employ-
ment/retirement status. Nonresidents report significantly higher
incomes and are slightly more likely to be employed in govern-
went/military, education, or the professions. Residents are more
likely to be employed in construction.
' There are no statistically significant differences on opinions of
town services and citizen participation. Nonresidents are more
supportive of limiting peddlers to private property. Residents
are more likely to agree that the town should be more residen-
tial, more likely to strongly disagree with increasing density,
and more likely to strongly agree with decreasing dwelling densi-
ty.
Residents are more likely to support using private funds for
seawalls (59.0 vs 49.0), strongly disagree with using public
funds for beach nourishment (21.9 vs 13.6), and more strongly
agree with using private funds for beach nourishment (15.7 vs
9.0). Residents are more likely to disagree (13.4 vs 9.3) and
strongly agree (12.2 vs 7.1) with extending extraterritorial
jurisdiction while nonresidents are more likely to agree (32.3 vs
42.6). Residents are more likely to strongly agree (40.9 vs
34.5) that developers should pay impact fees while nonresidents
' are more likely to agree (45.8 vs 58.2). While both groups
support using admission fees to construct parks, the percentage
of residents that oppose it is greater (32.8 vs 21.0).
Nonresidents are more likely to have "no opinion" on tall build-
ings in the commercial zone (4.5 vs 10,8). There is only one
other statistically significant difference on the tall building
questions. Residents agree, to a greater extent, with tall
buildings that include parking in the light industrial area (18.4
vs 24.6).
While both groups favor using public funds for playgrounds,
residents are more likely to strongly favor (26.8 vs 16.7) while
' nonresidents are more likely to favor (49.1 vs 60.0) the propos-
al. While both groups pick admission fees and grants as their
first and second choices to pay for parks, residents are more
likely to pick grants (45.5 vs 37.4) as their first choice while
' nonresidents pick admission fees (30.8 vs 41.5).
YEAR-ROUND RESIDENTS
Next, the respondents are divided into people who are year-round
residents (34.9%) and those who are not year-round residents
(63.5%). Year-round residents tend to live West of 158 (86.0 vs

30.4), North of Colington (77.9 vs 72.3), and West of Croatan
(81.2 VS 5 8 . 5) . On this section, percentages for year-round residents are given first.]
Year-round residents are more likely to be female (36.8 vs 24.7),
less likely to be married (66.7 vs 87.1), and more likely to have
children at home (30.4 vs 23.6). Year-round residents are also
younger, but both groups have the same percentage of people over
65 (21.2 vs 20.5). Year-round residents are less likely to make
over $50,000 a year (19.1 vs 64.5) and more likely to make less
than $25,000 (37.2 vs 9.2). They are also more likely to work in
construction (12.0 vs 4.6) and "other" (21.9 vs 14.4) and less
likely to work as a professional (29.1 vs 38.8).
While both groups are satisfied with town services, year-round
residents are less likely to be satisfied. Year-round residents
are less likely to be neutral on the question of citizens having
an adequate opportunity to participate (20.8 vs 32.9) and more
likely to reject this statement (20.2 vs 11.8).
Year-round residents are more likely to support local government
promoting affordable housing (46.9 vs 24.2), to support private
interests promoting affordable housing (68.1 vs 55.2), and to
reject the adequacy of evacuation plans (60.3 vs 45.9). Resi-
dents are also more likely to support mandatory curbside recy-
cling (57.2 vs 49.2), replacing one trash pick-up with a recy-
cling pick-up (56.6 vs 36.7), and consolidating the beach munici-
palities into one government (59.9 vs 50.7).
There is little difference between year-round residents and
seasonal residents on overall support (88.6 vs 87.8) for consoli-
dating community services when feasible. However, year-round
residents are more likely to strongly agree with (42.3 vs 24.2)
and less likely to agree (46.3 vs 63.6) with this notion. Year-
round residents are more evenly divided on the issue of allowing
street peddlers (46.6 oppose and 37.7 support vs 58.0 oppose vs
24.1 support) and on limiting peddlers to private property (34.6
oppose and 38.2 support vs 29.9 oppose and 49.6 support).
Year-round residents are less likely to think that the town
should be more residential (57.8 vs 68.9). While both groups
oppose increasing the allowed density (76.1 vs 83.3), year-round
residents are less likely to disagree with this idea (38.7 vs
46.4). While both groups oppose relaxing low density residential
rules (68.6 vs 76.3), year-round residents are less likely to
disagree with this idea (36.9 vs 43.4). Year-round residents are
slightly less likely to support keeping the low density rules
around Wright Memorial (87.5 vs 92.5), to keeping dwelling densi-
ty the same (60.8 vs 70.3), and to oppose increasing dwelling
density (63.1 vs 73.9).

' A larger minority of year-round residents support rezoning 3rd
Street to Landing Drive commercial (20.5 vs 13.0). Year-round
residents are more evenly divided on the need for a convention
center (50.0 oppose and 36.7 support vs 56.9 oppose and 22.9
support) and to relaxing the rules to allow a convention center
' (51.1 oppose and 34.1 support vs 57.3 oppose and 24.3 support).
Later in the questionnaire, year-round residents are again more
evenly divided on the need for a convention center (48.2 oppose
and 38.3 support vs 54.0 oppose vs 25.8 support). Year-round
' residents are slightly more likely to support the idea that new
utilities should be underground (91.1 vs 88.0).
' Year-round residents are more likely to oppose rebuilding on the
ocean front (50.2 vs 39.4) and to support greater setback re-
quirements (82.9 vs 82.6). While the largest proportion of both
' groups agree with using private funds for seawalls (38.2 and
41.9), year-round residents are more likely to strongly agree
(19.9 vs 14.7) and more likely to strongly disagree (17.6 vs
11.7). Year-round residents are more likely to oppose using
' public funds for seawalls (60.1 vs 49.9). Later in the question-
naire, year-round residents are again more likely to oppose using
public funds for seawalls (56.8 vs 46.3). Year-round residents
' are more evenly divided on using public funds for beach nourish-
ment (46.6 oppose and 40.3 support vs 35.4 oppose and 50.9 sup-
port). While both groups support using private funds for beach
' nourishment (61.3 vs 56.5), year-round residents are more likely
to strongly agree (21.6 vs 10.5).
Seasonal residents are more likely'to be neutral on the require-
ments for signs being satisfactory (22.4 vs 31.9) and on finding
portable signs being acceptable (24.3 vs 30.1). Year-round
residents are more likely to oppose a true by-pass (46.1 vs
' 39.9). While both groups support the need for a sewage treatment
plant ((63.9 vs 62.0), year-round residents are more likely to
strongly agree with the need (22.2 vs 15.0). Year-round
resi-dents are more likely to support extending extraterritorial
Jurisdiction (49.0 vs 44.1) while seasonal residents are more
likely to be neutral (26.9 vs 40.4). Year-round residents are
more likely to oppose off -shore oil and gas exploration (67.6 vs
' 63.2) .
Year-round residents are more likely to oppose using public funds
' to pay for underground utility lines (72.7 vs 57.9) and less
likely to support using public funds to build public beach access
(64.0 vs 70.3). Year-round residents are more likely to support
' using public funds to construct parks (65.8 vs 60.1). Year-round
residents are more evenly divided on using admission fees to
construct parks (38.6 oppose and 45.5 support vs 26.5 oppose and
69.6 support) and more likely to use other funds to -construct
parks (48.1 vs 40.8).
1
1 - 9

on the issue of allowing tall buildings, there are a few small
differences between the groups. Year-round residents are slight-
ly more willing to allow 5-story buildings in the commercial zone
(20.4 vs 17.3)- and slightly less willing to allow tall buildings
in the light industrial area (16.1 vs 21.2). When the open space
requirement is added, the only significant difference is that
year-round residents are slightly less willing to allow tall
buildings in the light industrial zone (17.0 vs 21.5). When the
parking requirement is added, year-round residents are still
slightly less willing to allow tall buildings in the light indus-
trial zone (15.7 vs 21.3). While both groups overwhelmingly
support maintaining the existing height limits (81.3 vs 80.4),
more year-round residents oppose them (11.5 vs 8.3) while more
seasonal residents have "no opinion."
While both groups oppose allowing dogs on the beaches at all
times (67.3 vs 74.8), a larger minority of the year-round resi-
dents support this idea (30.6 vs 22.3).
Year-round residents are more evenly divided on the issue of
using public funds for basketball courts (43.6 oppose and 38.9
support vs 56.9 oppose and 21.1 support) and racquetball courts
(44.9 oppose and 32.7 support vs 54.1 oppose and 22.2 support).
Using public funds for ball fields is supported by both groups
(68.0 vs 54.4), but year-round residents are more:likely to
strongly favor this idea (23.7 vs 9.0). Using public funds for
playgrounds is supported by both groups (81.2 vs 73.8), but year-
round residents are more likely to'strongly favor the playgrounds
(36.3 vs 18.7). The same pattern of support is found in the
support for bicycle routes (85.8 vs 80.3), jogging paths (80.4 vs
81.5), and a boat ramp (61.5 vs 58.3) with the year-round resi-
dents being more strongly in favor of using public funds for
bicycle routes (39.5 vs 28.9), jogging paths (38.6 vs 29.0), and
a boat ramp (27.9 vs 16.9). Year-round residents are more op-
posed to using public funds for a golf course (60.3 vs 50.2) and
more supportive of a park at Fresh Pond (53.8 vs 41.4). Year-
round residents are more evenly divided on using public.funds for
a swimming pool (43.0 oppose and 43.2 support vs 56.1 oppose and
29.6 support) .
When given a choice of how to pay for parks, the first choice of
both groups is grants, but the preference is strongest for the
year-round residents (53.2 vs 39.7). The admission fee is the
clear second alternative of both groups (33.4 vs 30.9), but more
seasonal residents are more likely to select it as their first
choice (22.8 vs 36.9). The toll at the bridge is the third
alternative of both groups even though it is ranked slightly
higher by the year-round residents. Taxes are the last alterna-
tive for both groups.
1 - 10

RETIRED VS EMPLOYED
The next set of comparisons focuses on the unique views of re-
tired respondents. About one-third of the sample is retired
' (32.0%). Respondents who are unemployed are combined with em-
ployed respondents since they will probably soon return to the
work force. only 1.6% of the "employed" category define them-
selves as currently being unemployed. The retired are more
likely to live between the highways (33.2 vs 25.5) and less
likely to live West of 158 (47.2 vs 52.9). There is no differ-
ence between the retired and the employed on whether they live
' North or South of Colington or East or West of the Croatan High-
way. There is no significant difference between the groups on
whether or not they are year-round residents of Kill Devil Hills.
' However, retired respondents. have lived in Kill Devil Hills
longer than employed respondents. There are no significant
differences on gender or marital status. Retired people are less
likely to have children at home (2.5 vs 36.0), be older, and have
lower incomes (30.7 vs 54.7 over $50,000). Retired respondents
are more likely -to have worked for the government/military (33.1
vs 16.7) while employed respondents are more likely to be profes-
sionals (25.4 vs 37.4).
Retired respondents are slightly more likely to be satisfied or
' very satisfied with town services (78.2 vs 70.4) and to support
the idea that citizens have an adequate opportunity to partici-
pate (63.0 vs 53.9). Retired people are more likely to oppose
' local government promoting affordable housing (52.5 vs 39.4),
less likely to support mandatory curbside recycling (48.6 vs
53.8), and replacing one trash pick-up with a recycling pick-up
(36.7 vs 47.5) .
The retired are more supportive of consolidating beach municipal-
ities into one government (59.9 vs 50.9) and more opposed to
allowing street peddlers (56.2 vs 52.3). The retired support the
town being more residential (71.3 vs 62.4), decreasing dwelling
density (51.2 vs 41.1), and keeping dwelling density the same
' (73.8 vs 64.3). The retired are more likely to oppose the idea
that Kill Devil Hills needs a convention center (60.5 vs 52.2)
and relaxing the rules to allow a convention center (60.6 vs
52.7). Later in the questionnaire, the retired were again more
' likely to oppose the idea that the area needs a convention center
(58.0 vs 49.7).
' The retired were less likely to strongly agree that new utilities
should be underground (31.3 vs 41.2). The retired were more
opposed to rebuilding on the ocean front (48.3 vs 40.8). The
' retired were more likely to agree (65.6 vs 58.1), but less likely
to strongly agree (22.0 vs 28.4), with rebuilding if it is not

ocean front. The retired are more likely to oppose using public
funds for seawalls (64.7 vs 48.6) or beach nourishment (49.6 vs
34.7). Later in the questionnaire, the retired are again more
likely to oppose using public funds for seawalls (59.2 vs 46.4).
The retired are more likely to agree that the requirements for
signs are satisfactory (51.1 vs 46.5) and to be neutral on the
question of portable signs (32.4 vs 25.5). The retired are less
likely to oppose a true by-pass (36.2 vs 45.3). While both
groups support a municipal sewage treatment plant'(61.4 vs 62.1),
the retired are less likely to strongly agree (13.1 vs 20.0).
The retired are more likely to support impact fees for developers
(91.8 vs 86.0) and less likely to strongly agree that architec-
tural standards are needed (16.5 vs 21.1). The retired are less
likely to strongly disagree with off -shore oil and gas explora-
tion (34.6 vs 48.4) and to support regulating over -occupancy of
rental units (84.9 vs 76.3). The retired are more likely to
oppose using public funds to pay*for underground utility lines
(70.4 vs 60.4). They are less likely to support using public
funds to construct parks (51.7 vs 66.5) and more likely to oppose
using other funds to construct parks (42.7 vs 33.5).
The retired are less willing to allow tall buildings on the ocean
front (9.3 vs 13.2) and in the commercial zone (15.1 vs,20.3) and
more willing to allow tall buildings in the residential area
(12.7 vs 9.5). When requirements for open space is added, the
retired are less willing to allow tall buildings on the ocean
front (10.0 vs 14.5) and in the commercial zone (15.6 vs 20.7)
and more willing to allow tall buildings in the residential area
(10.5 vs 8.5). When requirements for parking is added, the
retired are more likely to have no opinion on allowing tall
buildings on the ocean front (7.3 vs 3.5), less willing to allow
tall buildings in the commercial zone (15.8 vs 20.6), and more
willing to allow tall buildings in the residential area (11.4 vs
8.7) .
The retired are more opposed to allowing dogs on the beach at all
times (81.4 vs 67.8) and after 5:00 p.m. (64.9 vs 53.2). The
retired are also more opposed to allowing vehicles on the beaches
at all times (97.7 vs 93.2)' and less willing to allow them only
in winter (59.6 vs-70.6).
The retired are more opposed to using public funds for basketball
courts (60.9 vs 67.8), racquetball courts (61.0 vs 45.7), and
golf courses (55.5 vs 53.6). They are less supportive of using
public funds for ball fields (51.3 vs 62.8), playgrounds (69.3 vs
79.3), bicycle routes (76.3 vs 84.5), jogging paths (76.1 vs
83.5), picnic areas (61.1 vs 68.0), a park at Fresh Pond (35.1 vs
1 - 12

50.8), and a boat ramp (53.9 vs 62.1). The retired are more
' supportive of using public funds to build a swimming pool (54.6
vs 49.5).
The retired are about equally divided between an admission fee
(37.4) and grants (36.6) as their preferred way to pay for parks.
The first choice of the employed is clearly grants (47.8) and an
admission fee is second. Both groups select a toll at the bridge
' as their third choice and taxes as their last choice.
I
LENGTH OF RESIDENCE IN KILL DEVIL HILLS
The sample was divided into people who had been in Kill Devil
' Hills for 10 or more years (43.4) and those who had been in Kill
Devil Hills for less than 10 years (55.5). Outer Bankers were
less likely to live West of 158 and more likely to live between
the highways than the newcomers. They were also slightly more
' likely to live South of Colington and to own other property in
Kill Devil Hills.
' There were no significant differences on gender or marital sta-
tus. Outer Bankers were less likely to have children at home, be
under 60 years of age (47.5 vs 73.4), or have a household income
' over $50,000 (41.1 vs 51.8). There was no statistically signifi-
cant differences in whether they were year-round (347 vs 37.6)
or seasonal residents (65.2 vs 62.4). Outer Bankers were more
likely to be retired (46.1 vs 22.0), slightly more likely to work
' in sales (14.3 vs 11.0), and slightly less likely to work in a
profession (32.6 vs 36.8).
' Outer Bankers were less likely to be very satisfied with the town
services (8.7 vs 12.2) and to support the idea that citizens have
an adequate opportunity to participate (53.8 vs 58.9). They are
' more likely to oppose local government promoting affordable
housing (51.0 vs 38.1), less willing to support mandatory recy-
cling (44.8 vs 57.4), and less willing to change a trash pick-up
into a recycling pick-up (37.8 vs 49.2). Outer Bankers were more
' willing to support decreasing the dwelling density (49.5 vs
40.3) .
Outer Bankers were more opposed to
the idea that Kill Devil Hills
'
needs a convention center (56.5 vs
53.1). Later in
the question-
naire, the Outer Bankers were again more opposed to
the idea that
the area needs a convention center
the same proportion of each group
(53.2 vs 51.3).
supported making
While roughly
new utilities
underground (88.9 vs 89.4), Outer Bankers were less likely to
strongly agree with the idea (33.7
vs 40.9).

Outer Bankers were more opposed to using public funds for sea-
walls (62.2 vs 47.4) and beach nourishment (47.2 vs 33.5). Later
in the questionnaire, Outer Bankers were again more opposed to
using public funds for seawalls (56.2 vs 46.1). Newcomers were
more likely to be neutral on the question of a municipal treat-
ment plant (16.8 vs 21.0). Outer Bankers were less likely to
support extending the extraterritorial jurisdiction (39.9 vs
49.3) and to oppose off -shore oil and gas exploration (62.0 vs
67.4) .
Outer Bankers were less likely to support using public funds to
build public access (62.9 vs 72.1) and to construct parks (54.8
vs 67.1). They are also less likely to support using other funds
to build parks (37.7 vs 48.0). Outer Bankers were more opposed
to using public funds for racquetball courts (55.9 vs 46.8) and a
swimming pool (56.2 vs 47.4).- Outer Bankers were less supportive
of using public funds for ball fields (53.3 vs 64.0), bicycle
routes (76.4 vs 86.4), jogging paths (76.6 vs 84.7), and a park
at Fresh Pond (43.4 vs 48.3). Outer Bankers were more opposed to
using public funds for a golf course (59.3 vs 50.4).
Both groups make similar choices on ways to pay for parks.
Newcomers most often select grants as their first choice (40.6 vs
46.4) and an admission fee as their second choice (28.7 vs 33.1).
However, when the first and second choices are combined, the two
groups are similar for both the grants (67.4 vs 72.7) and the
admission fee (63.0 vs 63.6).
COLINGTON ROAD
Colington Road runs East and West dividing Kill Devil Hills and
linking the municipality with Colington Island. of the respond-
ents, 16% did not indicate whether they live North or South of
Colington. Of those who answered, 74:6% live North and 25.4%
live South of Colington. Southerners were more likely to live
between the highways and Northerners were more likely to live
West of 158.
There were no differences on whether people lived East or West of
Croatan Highway, gender, marital status, children in the home,
age, employment/retirement status, employment type, or income.
People living North of Colington were slightly more likely to be
year-round residents of Kill Devil Hills (43.5 vs 36.3) and to
have lived in Kill Devil Hills less than 10 years (58.4 vs 51.2).
There were no statistically significant differences between the
groups on their level of satisfaction with town services or their
evaluation of the adequacy of their opportunities to participate
1 - 14

in local government.
The major finding of this section is that there are very few
statistically significant differences between the respondents who
live North or South of Colington. Only five statistically sig-
nificant differences were discovered. Northerners are more
opposed to rezoning 3rd Street to Landing Drive commercial (64.9
vs 59.7). Northerners are more supportive of using public funds
for beach nourishment (49.2 vs 38.1) . While the majority of both
groups support a municipal sewage treatment plant•(61.5 vs 62.6),
the Northerners are more likely to be neutral (20.6 vs 14.3) and
the Southerners are more likely to disagree (17.9 vs 23.0). When
a parking requirement is added, Northerners are less likely to
agree with having tall buildings in the light industrial area
(16.9 vs 21.5). Finally, Northerners are less willing to allow
dogs on'the beaches at all times (23.9 vs 31.4).
' CROATAN HIGHWAY
Readers of this section need to be aware that most people skipped
the question where they were asked if they live East or West of
the Croatan Highway (69.8% did not respond). It may be that
people do not know the proper name of this highway. Year-round
residents have a slightly higher response rate than seasonal
residents (32.0 vs 29.5), and residents who have been in Kill
Devil Hills over 10 years have a higher, response rate than new-
comers (35.7 vs 26.5). It is interesting to note that 4 people
who say they live West of the Croatan Highway also report that
they have ocean front homes. Since no other questions come close
to this level of missing data (only 6.1% skipped the income
' question), this question must be treated with extreme caution.
No further cross -tabulations will be reported.
1 - 15

TOWN OF KILL DEVIL HILLS
Public Opinion Survey
1. Where In Kill Devil Hills Is your primary residence?
[6.] east of the beach road (ocean front)
(28.] between the highways
(51.] west of U.S. 158
[15.] out of town
a. Is it North or South of Colington Road?
[75.) North [25.] South
b. Do you own other property in KIII Devil Hills?
[32.] yes [68.] no
c. If so, is It East or West of Croatan Highway?
[33.] East ' [67.] West
8. Which employment category best applies to you?
a. Employment Status:
[61.] employed full-time (please answer b)
[ 2.1 seasonally employed (please answer b)
14.] employed part-time all year
11.] unemployed
[33.] retired
b. Employment Type:
[19.] govemment/military 17.] construction
[ 6.) education [12.] sales/real estate
[35.] professional/technical [ 2.] housewife
[17.] other
2.
Which of the following best describes you? (Check
STRONGLY STRONGLY
all that apply.)
DISAGREE AGREE
, ENEH 1 2 3 4 5
a. [71.] male [29.] female
b. U unmarried (single, divorced, separated)
1.
Your overall opinion of the
c. [j children (under 18) living at home
town services of IGII Devil
a no children (under 18) in the home
Hills is satisfactory.
1. 7. 18. 63. 11.
3.
Pleas'e check your age group category.
2.
Citizens have adequate
[ 0.] 19 years or younger [.22] 50-59
opportunities to participate
[ 3.] 20-29 [16.] 60-64
in local/community affairs.
4. 12. 28. 51. 5.
[15.13039 [22] over 65 years
3.
Local government should be
(22140-49
involved in the promotion of
4.
Please check the group that best approximates
affordable housing.
19. 25. 23. 26. 7.
your total household income during 1990.
4.
Private interests should be
[ 2.] less than $9,999 [33.] $25,000 - $49,999
involved in the promotion of
[ 5.] $10,000 - $14,999 - [47.] $50,000 or more
affordable housing.
7. 9. 24. 48. 12.
[14.] $15,000 - $24,999
5.
Plans for evacuation of the
5.
Which residence group best fits you?
island in the event of a
[34.] year-round resident/homeowner of Kill Devil Hills
major storm during peak
'
(go to question 7)
tourist season are adequate.
21. 30. 15. 31. 4.
( 2.] year-round resident/renter of IGII Devil Hills (go to
6.
Curbside recycling should
question 7)
(62.) non-resident property owner
be mandatory.
7. 22 20. 35. 17.
[ 2.] other
7.
One of two trash pick-ups
6.
Where is your permanent residence?
per week should be replaced
by a recycling pick-up.
11. 29. 16. 31. 13.
[12.] other city in North Carolina
[70.) Virginia
8.
Beach municipalities should
[ 5.] New York, New Jersey, or Pennsylvania
consolidate into one govem-
[ 9.J Maryland, Delaware, or Washington, DC
ment.
8. 17. 21. 29. 24.
[ 4.] other (specify state_ )
9.
Beach municipalities should
consolidate services when
7.
Which of the following lengths of time best de-
feasible.
2. 3. 7. 57. 31.
scribes how long you have lived In or owned
property In Kill Devil Hills?
10. Street vendors/peddlers
[15.) more than 20 years
should be allowed to operate.
24. 30. 17. 23. 7.
129.110 - 20 years
11.
Street vendors/peddlers
(33.] 5 - 10 years
should be limited to private
[24.] less than 5 years
property.
11. 21. 23. 35. 10.
1 - 16

h
STRONGLY STRONGLY
DISAGREE AGREE
' DEVELQP,MENT 1 2 3 4 5
The Town should become
more residential, less
commercial. 3. 9. 24. 39. 26.
2. The Town should become
more commercial, less
residential. 34. 38. 21. 5. 2.
3.
The Town should increase
the present number of
allowable people per
acre (density).
37. 43. 13. 5. 3.
4.
Existing low density resi-
dential zone rules should
be relaxed to allow a
greater variety of uses.
32. 41. 15. 9. 3.
S.
The existing low density
residential zone around
Wright Brothers National
Memorial should be
maintained.
2. 1. 7. 44. 47.
6.
Dwelling density should:
a. decrease
8. 20.28.24.20.
b. remain the same
5. 8. 20. 49. 18.
c, increase
36.33.20.8. 3.
d. neutral
12.9. 63.12.3.
7.
Rezoning from 3rd Street to
Landing Drive (between U.S.
158 & N.C.12) from residen-
tial to commercial should
take place.
38. 25. 21. 11. 4.
8. Fill Devil Hills needs a 500-
600 person convention
center. 28. 27. 18. 20. 8.
a I support relaxing rules
to allow a 500-600
person convention
center. 30. 25. 17. 20. 8.
9. New utilities should be
placed underground. 1. 3. 7. 51. 38.
10. Rebuilding of any structures
totally destroyed by storms,
other than ocean front, should
be allowed. 2. 4. 7. 61. 26.
a. Rebuilding of any ocean
front structures totally
destroyed by storms
should be allowed. 18. 25. 19. 27. 11.
Greater setback requirements
should be required for ocean
front structures. 3. 4. 10. 51. 32.
12. Private funds should be used
to construct erosion control
STRONGLY STRONGLY
DISAGREE AGREE
devices (i.e. bulkheads, sea- 1 2 3 4 5
walls, breakwaters, artificial
seaweed). 14. 15. 15. 40. 17.
a. Public funds should be
used for structural re-
sponses such as bulk-
heads, seawalls, break-
waters, or artificial
seaweed 29. 25. 13. 26. 8.
b. Public funds should be
used for beach nourish-
ment by pumping or
hauling in sand. 20. 19. 14. 37. 10.
c. Private funds should be
used for beach nourish-
ment by pumping or
hauling In sand 10. 13. 19. 43. 14.
13. The size and appearance
requirements for signs is
satisfactory. 7. 13. 28. 48. 3.
14. Portable (sandwich -board)
signs are acceptable. 13. 27. 28. 28. 3.
1. A true by-pass highway
serving the Outer Banks
is necessary. 14.28. 16. 31. 11.
2. A municipal sewage treat-
ment plant is needed. 5. 14. 19. 44. 18.
3. The Town should extend its
extraterritorial jurisdiction
(planning & zoning) into the
Colington Island and Baum
Bay areas. 6. 13. 36. 34. 12.
4. Developers should pay
impact fees for those services
required by their new
development. 2. 3. 8. 48. 40.
5. Architectural standards for
new development should be
established (Le. create
architectural beautification
district). 5. 11. 17. 48. 19.
6. Off -shore (oil & natural gas)
exploration should be
supported. 44. 21. 14. 15. 6.
7. The area needs a convention
center to accommodate 500-
600 people. 27. 25. 18. 23. 7.
8. Short-term rental units in low
density residential zones
should be reguafted against
over -occupancy. 3. 7. 10. 45. 34.
1 - 17

STRONGLY STRONGLY
DISAGREE AGREE
Ms ES/P.UBLIC FUNDS;' 1 2 3 4 5
Placement of new utility lines
underground should be sup-
ported by higher taxes and/
or higher utility bills. 29. 35. 13. 20. 3.
2. Local public funds should be
used to construct public
access (ocean & sound). 7. 13. 12. 56. 12.
3. Public funds should be used
to construct streets wide
enough to accommodate
off-street parking. 20. 37. 16. 22. 5.
4. Public funds should be used
to construct parks & recrea-
tional facilities. 7. 15. 16. 48. 13.
5. Admission fees should be
used to construct parks &
recreational facilities. 9. 21. 15. 43. 11.
6. Other funds (Le. bridge
tolls, grants, etc.) should be
used to construct parks &
recreational facilities. 12. 25. 20. 34. 10.
7. Public funds should be
used to, construct erosion
control devices (Le. bulk-
heads, seawalls, break-
waters, artificial seaweed). 24. 27. 13. 29. 7.
1. Buildings of 5 or more stories should be Y N O
allowed in the ...
a. oceanfront area 12.84. 4.
b. commercial zone between U.S. 158
& N.C. 12 19.76. 5.
c. residential area (West of U.S. 158) 13. 83. 5.
d. light industrial area (West of U.S. 158) 20.74. 6.
2. Buildings of 5 or more stories on a site that
allows the remaining open space to be
proportional with the structure should be
allowed In the ...
a. oceanfront area 13. 81. 6.
b. commercial zone between U.S. 158
& N.C. 12 19. 75. 6.
-c. residential area (West of U.S. 158) 9. 84. 7.
d. light industrial area (West of U.S. 158) 20. 73. 8.
3. Buildings of 5 or more stories designed
with parking beneath the structure should
be allowed In the ...
a. oceanfront area
13. 82 5.
b. commercial zone between U.S. 158
& N.C. 12
32. 60. 6.
c. residential area (West of U.S. 158)
10. 85.6.
d. light industrial area (West of U.S. 158)
19. 74. 6.
4. Existing height limitations in each zone
should be maintained.
81.10. 10.
5. Dogs on leashes should be allowed on
the beach ...
a. at all times
25. 72. 3.
b. from 9/15 to 5/15 only
60. 35. &
c. after 5:00 p.m.
38.36.5.
6. Vehicles should be allowed on the
beach...
a. at all times
4. 95. 2-
b. from 9/15 to 5/15 only
67.30.3.
STRONGLY STRONGLY
DO NOT FAVOR FAVOR
A. indoor basketball courts 26. 26. 20.19. 9.
B. raquetball courts 25. 26. 24. 18. 7.
C. ball flelds (softball, soccer, etc.)12.10. 19. 45. 15.
D. playgrounds for small children 7. 5. 11. 51. 25.
E. bicycle routes 5. 5. 8. 49. 33.
F. jogging/walking paths
G. mini-parks/picnic areas
H. golf course
I. park at 'Fresh Pond'
J. public swimming pool
K. boat ramp
L. other
S. 5. 9. 49. 33.
9. 10. 14. 45. 21
28. 23. 22. 16. 10.
13. 13. 27. 32. 14.
27. 25.14. 20.14.
10. 11. 19. 38. 21.
1 2 3 4 5'
Listed below are several funding options for parks and
recreational facilities. Please numerically rank the most
appropriate means of funding (1 being the most appropri-
ate and 4 being the least).
32 (1) admission fee 31 (3) toll at bridge '
44 (1) grants 64 (4) higher taxes
THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION!

' APPENDIX 2
REVIEW OF 1987 TOWN OF KILL DEVIL HILLS LAND USE PLAN
' POLICIES SELECTED IN 1987 AND IMPLEMENTATION ANALYSIS AS OF 1992
'
(1)
Resource Protection, Production, and Management
(a)
Constraints to Development
'
(b)
(c)
Shoreline Erosion
Duneplowing, Revegetation, and Estuarine Bulkheads
(d)
Commercial and Recreational Fishing, Off -Road Vehicles
(e)
Agricultural, Forestry, and Industrial Uses
(f)
Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC) and Coastal Resources
'
Commission (CRC) Policies
(g)
State and Federal Policies
(h)
Estuarine Water Quality
'
(i)
Maritime Forests
(j)
Floating Homes
(k)
Fresh Water Pond AEC
'
(1)
Areas of Archaeological or Historical Significance
(2)
Economic and Community Development
'
(a)
Capital Improvements
(b)
Growth
(c)
Energy Shortages
'
(d)
Water and Sewer
(e)
Package Treatment Plants
(f)
Transportation Network (By -Pass)
(g)
Transportation Network (Local Roads)
(h)
Housing Mix
(i)
Building Heights
(j)
Commercial Development
'
(k)
Energy Facilities
(1)
Historic Preservation
(m)
Annexation
(n)
Consolidation
(o)
Health and Education
(p)
Community Appearance
'
(q)
Tourism
(r)
Recreation and Shoreline Access
(s)
Redevelopment of Developed Areas
'
(t)
Development of the Baum Tract
(3)
Public Participation
'
(4)
Hurricane Mitigation Planning
(a)
Storm Hazards Planning and Mitigation
(b)
Post -Disaster Reconstruction Planning
'
(c)
Hurricane Evacuation
'
92-32
2 - 1

(1)
Resource Protection, Production and Management
(a)
(b)
Constraints to Development
Policy Selected in 1987:
The Town of Kill Devil Hills supports those regulatory programs
currently operational to deal with environmental constraints
provided local government has the right to review any proposed
modifications to those programs and guidelines, and generally
supports a "pay as you go" policy for infrastructure improvements
and service delivery facilities through the use of impact fees,
user fees, and any funding sources other than ad valorem taxes to
finance such improvements.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town partially implemented this policy by continuing to impose
impact fees for water system improvements and user fees and other
funding sources other than ad valorem taxes for other
infrastructure improvements and service delivery systems. The
Town continued to monitor regulatory programs and guidelines,
proposing modifications thereto. Also, the Town maintains two
certified Local Permit Officers under the North Carolina Coastal
Management Program. The Town continued to examine the feasibility
of user fees for other services such as fire, rescue, police and
local road improvements
Shoreline Erosion
Policy Selected in 1987:
Continue the policy on shoreline erosion established in 1982, as
follows:
The Town of Kill Devil Hills favors long term efforts to maintain
and enhance the public trust beach through the funding of a beach
nourishment project using federal, state, and local funds, favors
non-structural responses to erosion such as relocation and/or
acquisition of existing endangered structures, setbacks for new
construction, and the use of structural stabilization techniques
such as off -shore breakwaters, artificial seaweed, sandbag
bulkheads, and similar devices as may be necessary as interim
temporary remedial action to protect property endangered due to
erosion so severe that non-structural responses are impractical or
ineffective. It is the Town's position that individual property
owners should bear the cost of site specific protection measures.
92-32 2 - 2

' Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town successfully implemented this policy as it continued to
' enforce the CAMA minor permit program while authorizing only those
permits consistent with the adopted policy.
' (c) Duneplowing, Revegetation, and Estuarine Bulkheads
Policy Selected in 1987:
' The Town encourages the construction and revegetation of sand
dunes, supports the continued construction of properly permitted
estuarine bulkheads, and is opposed to the destruction,
degradation, or mining of inland dunes not subject to CAMA
guidelines.
'
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town successfully implemented this policy as it continued its
support for and participation in the Implementation and
Enforcement Agreement with the Department of Natural Resources and
Community Development for the enforcement of CAMA guidelines. The
Town developed, adopted, and implemented a Dune Protection
'
Ordinance in 1991.
(d) Commercial and Recreational Fishing, Off -Road Vehicles
'
Policy Selected in 1987:
'
The Town favors seasonal restrictions on beach driving and the
implementation of a permit system for beach driving. The Town is
opposed to government regulation of conflicting or competing ocean
uses, particularly fishing.
1992:
Implementation Analysis as of
To implement this policy, the Town continued to use its police
'
power to enforce driving restrictions but did not establish a
permit process for registration of off -road vehicles. The Town
'
continued to monitor state and federal regulations concerning
various ocean uses, particularly fishing.
(e) Agricultural, Forestry and Industrial Uses
Policy Selected in 1987_:
The Town is favorable to the development of environmentally
'
compatible light industry, is opposed to commercial forestry in
Kill Devil Hills, has identified tourism as its main industry, and
recommends that state and federal agencies also recognize tourism
'
as an industry.
1
92-32 2 - 3

(f)
(9)
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
To implement this policy, the Town continued to evaluate proposed
industrial development projects according to the site plan review
process set forth in the Town's zoning ordinance. The Town
continued to oppose commercial forestry within its borders and
lobbied state and federal agencies to recognize tourism as an
industry. The Town and other Outer Banks localities did not
present a unified effort to lobby state and federal agencies
regarding tourism's status.
Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC) and Coastal Resources
Commission (CRC) Policies
Policy Selected in 1987:
The Town of Kill Devil Hills supports the guidelines of the
Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) and the associated policies of
the Coastal Resources Commission but reserves the right to oppose
specific sections of the CAMA that the Board of Commissioners
finds to be directed at issues best resolved by the local
government. The Town is opposed to any additional Area of
Environmental Concern (AEC) nominations in Kill Devil Hills and is
also opposed to the extension or enlargement of any existing
AEC's.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town implemented this policy as Town representatives attended
nearly all CRC meetings and workshops and participated in
discussions and public hearings concerning relevant issues. A
Town Planning Board Member serves on the Coastal Resources
Advisory Council. The Town opposed a proposed maritime forest
AEC, favoring local control instead. The Town developed, adopted
and implemented maritime forest management guidelines as a part of
its zoning ordinance on November 18, 1992.
State and Federal Policies
Policy Selected in 1987:
The Town of Kill Devil Hills supports the regulatory policies of
the various state and federal agencies that have jurisdiction in
Kill Devil Hills provided local government has the opportunity to
provide input into the development of federal or state policies
and guidelines.
92-32 2 - 4

Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town successfully implemented this policy. Town
'
representatives monitored state and federal policy and guideline
development activities, providing input as necessary. In October
1988, the Planning Board recommended amending the 1987 Kill Devil
Hills Land Use Plan to include language opposing Outer Continental
'
Shelf (OCS) or offshore oil, natural gas and mineral exploration
and production based on environmental incompatibility and
'
incompatibility to the established tourist economy.
The Town interacted with state and federal authorities on several
occasions regarding land use related issues including:
'
• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) - flood map
revision;
'
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - Watershed, Water
Supply Protection Act (proposed); and,
• North Carolina Coastal Resources Commission - Coastal Area
Management Act of 1974 (CAMA).
The Town also closely monitored U.S. Senate Bill 1650 (The
'
National Flood Insurance and Erosion Mitigation Act of 1991) and
North Carolina Senate Bill 111.
t(h)
Estuarine Water Quality
Policy Selected in 1987:
'
The Town of Kill Devil Hills supports protection of estuarine
waters in order to maintain a level of water quality that will
support aquatic life. The Town of Kill Devil Hills also supports
'
and will continue to implement local zoning and building codes
designed to discourage development that will contribute to the
'
degradation of estuarine water quality and mitigate the adverse
impacts of acceptable estuarine shoreline development.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town successfully implemented this policy as it continued to
enforce its zoning ordinance, encouraging low density development
along the estuarine shoreline. The Town now requires retention
'
basins or other stormwater management facilities according to
stormwater management guidelines adopted as a part of its zoning
'
ordinance.
' 92-32 2 - 5
I

(i) Maritime Forests
Policv Selected in 1987:
The Town of Kill Devil Hills favors the maintenance and management
of maritime forests, encourages private owners of land in a
maritime forest to retain the natural wooded condition of their
property, and supports the use of locally adopted management
guidelines.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town held workshops in 1991 to draft management guidelines for
land disturbing activities within maritime forests. From this
work, maritime forest management guidelines were adopted and
implemented as a part of the Town's zoning ordinance. The Town
continued to participate with the Nature's Conservancy in the
management of the Nags Head Woods Natural Preserve.
(j) Floating Homes
(k)
Policy Selected in 1987:
The Town of Kill Devil Hills does not support the development of
floating homes as an acceptable form of housing or accommodations.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town's zoning ordinance does not allow the placement of
floating homes and local health department regulations discourage
floating homes within the Town's borders. Given the adequacy of
existing ordinances and regulations, no additional measures were
adopted.
Fresh Water Pond AEC
Policy Selected in 1987:
Support continued AEC restrictions on the development of all land
that lies within the sphere of influence of the Fresh Pond AEC.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town enforced CAMA guidelines as applicable for development
within the Fresh Water Pond AEC, thereby successfully implementing
this policy. The Town continues to monitor the development of the
Watershed, Water Supply Protection Act.
92-32 2 - 6

' (1)' Areas of Archaeological or Historical Significance
The 1987 Town of Kill Devil Hills Land Use Plan explained:
Two archaeological sites are recorded within the Town's planning
boundaries. The exact locations of these sites are not provided
' due to potential harm from public knowledge and subsequent
disturbance of these locations. Additional records indicate one
underwater, two terrestrial, and one region previously surveyed.
' Any proposed development or land disturbing activities within
these areas should be immediately referred to the North Carolina
Department of Cultural Resources.
' There are three sites on the National Register of Historic Places.
They are:
' • The Wright Brothers Memorial;
• The Wright Brothers Quarters and Hangar Building (Both
located on property owned by the National Park Service);
and,
' • The Kill Devil Hills Coast Guard Station (Located in the
vicinity of the 700-800 block of South Virginia Dare Trail).
' Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town referred proposed developments and land disturbing
activities within archaeologically or historically significant
' areas to the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources as
necessary.
' (2) Economic and Community Development
'
(a) Capital Improvements
The 1987 Kill Devil Hills Land Use Plan included:
One of the most important elements in any management plan for a
'
community experiencing a rapid growth rate is a capital
improvements plan. As population increases, a greater demand for
governmental services is created. Those service are often costly
'
items, and to meet the cost and provide services, local
governments must attempt to project what the service demand (and
cost) will be and make plans to meet the increased demand rp for to
'
the actual point in time when the demand is a reality. Listed
below are a number of projected capital improvements identified as
necessary to insure the reliable and efficient delivery of
government services to the citizens of Kill Devil Hills during the
'
next decade.
' 92-32 2 - 7
7

• General Government and Administration - Based on projected
Growth Scenario II of the Booz-Allen and Hamilton Dare
County Carrying Capacity/Development Study, the following
capital improvement projects have been recommended:
Construction of a new building for administrative operations (Town
Hall), to be operative by 1990-1991. Projected cost - at
$300,000.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town completed and opened its Administrative Services Building
on the Baum Tract in 1990.
• Planning and Development - Assuming that the construction of
a new Administration Building is completed, no additional
capital costs are anticipated for the operation of this
department.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town's Administrative Services Building was completed and
became operational. Planning and Development remained at its
present quarters, pending the construction of a new, government
services facility with Dare County.
• Public Safety - Based on Growth Scenario II of the Booz-
Allen and Hamilton Dare County Carrying Capacity/Development
Study, the following capital improvement projects have been
identified as necessary to provide for public safety
services through the next decade:
Police - New Police Headquarters building will be necessary by
1988-1989, projected cost, at $250,000.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
No new Police Headquarters building was constructed as recommended
in the Booz-Allen and Hamilton Dare County Carrying
Capacity/Development Study and included in the 1987 Town of Kill
Devil Hills Land Use Plan. Instead, police functions were
dispersed to various locations within existing Town facilities.
Fire - New Fire Station in 1990-1991, plus four pieces of
equipment. Projected cost, Fire Station - at $250,000.
Equipment - at $775,000.
92-32 2 - 8

' 'Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
No new Fire Station was constructed as recommended in the Booz-
'
Allen Hamilton Dare County Carrying Capacity/Development Study and
included in the 1987 Town of Kill Devil Hills Land Use Plan and
fire services remain quartered within existing Town facilities.
'
Equipment has been purchased as required since 1987.
Ocean Rescue - No additional capital improvements identified as
'
necessary for service delivery.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
'
No additional capital improvements occurred.
• Transportation - No local capital improvements projects have
'
been identified.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
'
No locally funded capital improvements were identified in this
section of the 1987 Town of Kill Devil Hills Land Use Plan. This
did not accurately reflect ongoing planning activities at the time
nor activities subsequent thereto. In fact, from 1986 to present,
'
many improvements have been studied and planned while others have
been undertaken and completed. Refer to policy selected and
implementation analysis narratives for the Transportation Network
'
(Local Roads) and Hurricane Evacuation sections that follow.
• Solid Waste - No local capital improvement projects
'
identified. Kill Devil Hills is, however, dependent on the
Dare County Landfill, which will require capital
improvements in the coming decade.
'
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
'
The Town of Kill Devil Hills continued to utilize the Dare County
Landfill. No capital improvements occurred. The Town was the
first Dare County beach municipality to institute voluntary
recycling.
• Water and Sewer - Assuming Growth Scenario II in the Booz-
Allen and Hamilton Dare County Carrying Capacity/Development
Study, the Town of Kill Devil Hills will require a peak
'
water distribution capacity of about 4.2 million gallons per
day by 2000. To provide this distribution capacity, the
following capital improvements will be necessary:
......Improvements of distribution and storage system, share in
cost of regional water system development program. Estimated
'
cost, $4,000,000.
1
92-32 2 - 9

Implementation Analysis as of 1992
The Town successfully implemented the policy selected as it
participated in improvements to the distribution and storage
system and shared in the cost of the regional water system
development program.
.......Operation of sewage treatment plant, if constructed.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town did not construct a sewage treatment plant. The Town
continued its efforts to resolve problems with the Ocean Acres
Sanitary District including designing and securing permits, loans
and grants for a new facility. The affordability criteria was not
favorable and construction did not occur.
The Board of Commissioners did not, as set forth in the 1987 Kill
Devil Hills Land Use Plan, adopt a capital improvements plan and
schedule in fiscal year 87-88.
(b) Growth
Policy Selected in 1987:
Growth Scenario II of the Dare County Carrying
Capacity/Development Study (Moderate Rate), which would result in
a permanent population of @ 4,000, and a peak seasonal population
of @ 38,000 by 1990.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
Free market forces and Town policies contributed to the
achievement of the growth projections of Growth Scenario II of the
Booz-Allen and Hamilton Dare County Carrying Capacity/Development
Study.
(c) Energy Shortages
Policy Selected in 1987:
The Town of Kill Devil Hills supports the continued development of
energy efficient structures and construction codes designed to
achieve that objective. In addition, the Town supports the
development of a stand-by fuel allocation plan that may be
implemented in the event massive energy shortages become a problem
again.
'7
n
H
92-32 2 - 10 1

' Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
' The Town implemented this policy by enforcing the insulation and
construction codes as set forth in the State of North Carolina
Building Code. The Town took no specific actions to support the
development of a stand-by fuel allocation plan.
' (d) Water and Sewer
' Policy Selected in 1987:
The Town favors the use of impact fees to generate capital to
expand water service capacity on a "pay as you go" basis, and the
use of public funds to begin to establish community -wide
wastewater treatment services for Kill Devil Hills.
' Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
Water - The Town successfully implemented the policy selected as
it continued to levy impact fees for water facility improvements.
Sewer - No new sanitary districts were established since 1987. As
previously discussed, the Town continued efforts to resolve
' problems associated with the Ocean Acres Sanitary District.
(e) Package Treatment Plants
' Policy Selected in 1987:
The Town of Kill Devil Hills has adopted a policy in favor of the
' establishment of a community -wide wastewater treatment system.
Due to cost constraints, the construction of such a system is not
likely in the near future. In the interim, the use of closely
' monitored package treatment plants to accommodate development
projects that cannot be serviced by septic tanks systems is
favored.
' Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town implemented this policy through its site plan review
' process and use of the Division of Environmental Management's
regulatory system. No package treatment plants were permitted
during the planning period.
1
92-32 2 - 11

92-32
(f) Transportation Network (By -Pass)
Policy Selected in 1987:
The Town favors the completion of a five lane route consisting of
U.S. 158, U.S. 168, and N.C. 12 from the Virginia -North Carolina
Border to Cape Hatteras, signalization, crosswalks, and sidewalk
improvements along those sections of these highways where
development has created the demand for such improvements, and the
inclusion of a limited access alternate by-pass route in the 1990-
2000 Transportation Improvement Plan for the First District of
N.C.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town was somewhat effective in its lobbying efforts with
respect to the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT)
and various transportation projects. For example, U.S. 158 was
five laned from U.S. 168 to Whalebone Junction with the exception
of improvements to the Wright Brothers Bridge. However, a limited
access alternate by-pass route was not included in the 1990-2000
Transportation Improvement Program for NCDOT District 1.
(g) Transportation Network (Local Roads)
Policy Selected in 1987:
A "pay as you go" policy for the opening of unimproved streets as
may be necessary to accommodate new development, those who
generate the demand shall provide the road improvements that may
be necessary to provide for safe traffic movement on a site by
site basis.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town successfully implemented this policy.
Policy Selected in 1987:
Adoption of amendments of the Town Code for local
specifications to provide contemporary guidelines
construction, roadbed preparation, drainage, and
accommodate on -street parking.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
road '
for road
pavement width to
The Town revised specifications for local roads on January 12, '
1987.
2 - 12 1

' Policy Selected in 1987:
Support of a massive local road improvement program to upgrade all
' existing local roads identified as in need of repair by the
recently completed NCDOT study of the Kill Devil Hills local road
system. This program would also be financed on a "pay as you go"
' basis derived from both ad valorem and general tax revenues.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
' The Town did not upgrade local streets and roadways through
methods such as assessments and petitions. Instead, it instituted
a pay-as-you-go program for financing roadway improvements using
tax dollars.
Policy Selected in 1987:
' Support of improvements to widen, resurface, install drainage,
pedestrian and bicycle amenities to U.S. 158 Business (Virginia
Dare Trail).
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
' The Town was successful in lobbying for inclusion of recommended
improvements to U.S. 158 Business (N.C. 12) in the Transportation
Improvement Program for NCDOT District 1.
' Policy Selected in 1987:
Support the completion of the Town's Shoreline Access Master Plan
t as a component of the local roads upgrade program indicated in
number three (3) above.
I
1
92-32
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town improved and upgraded existing accesses and provided on -
street parking in selected locations.
(h) Housing Mix
Policy Selected in 1987:
The Town will continue its "three tier" approach to land use and
housing mix, with land use west of U.S. 158 By -Pass reserved
primarily for detached single family residential use, restrictive
zoning guidelines for land use east of U.S. 158 Business
(oceanfront) and highest and best use zoning districts between the
two highways at the north and south ends of the Town.
2 - 13

Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
This policy was implemented as the Town enforced its zoning
ordinance.
(i) Building Heights
Policy Selected in 1987:
The Town favors maintaining its traditional low -profile image and
skyline by limiting oceanfront and residential district building
heights to not more than 42 total feet. A maximum building height
of 50 feet in the commercial zoning districts is also recommended.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
This policy was implemented as the Town enforced its zoning
ordinance.
(j) Commercial Development
Policy Selected in 1987:
The town favors the centralization of commercial development,
primarily in the two commercial districts at the northern and
southern ends of the municipal boundaries, and the addition of
minimum lot size guidelines for converting existing residential
structures into commercial use.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The continued centralization of commercial development was
encouraged as the Town enforced its zoning ordinance and building
and site plan review codes. However, no minimum lot size
guidelines for converting existing residential structures into
commercial uses were developed.
(k) Energy Facilities
Policy Selected in 1987:
The Town of Kill Devil Hills is opposed to locating petroleum
refineries, nuclear power plants, or coal/oil fired energy
production plants in Kill Devil Hills and strongly prefers that
utility transmission and distribution lines be installed
underground.
92-32 2 - 14

' Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town reviewed proposals for energy facilities for consistency
' with state and federal programs and requirements. In October 1988,
the Planning Board recommended amending the 1987 Kill Devil Hills
Land Use Plan to include language opposing O.C.S. or offshore oil,
' natural gas and mineral exploration and production based on
environmental incompatibility and incompatibility to the
established tourist economy.
' (1) Historic Preservation
Policy Selected in 1987:
'
The Town of Kill Devil Hills favors the identification of
historical structures in town, will establish a Historic
Preservation Committee to help identify such structures, and will
'
pay particular attention to the original Coast Guard Station.
'
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
This policy has not been successfully implemented.
'
(m) Annexation
Policy Selected in 1987:
The Town of Kill Devil Hills will endeavor to regulate the use of
unincorporated land within one mile of the town's jurisdictional
limit.
'
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town did not establish extraterritorial planning and zoning
districts within one mile of its limits. The Town Manager's cost -
benefit study in 1989 examined the annexation of Colington and
concluded such an action would not be cost beneficial to Kill
Devil Hills at that time. Since then, the issue has not been
officially pursued.
' (n) Consolidation
Policy Selected in 1987:
' The Town of Kill Devil Hills favors consolidation of Kill Devil
Hills, Kitty Hawk, and the Colington area into one unit of local
' government.
92-32 2 - 15
11

(o)
(p)
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The adhoc Consolidation Committee was dissolved in 1989 and no
further negotiations concerning consolidation have occurred.
However, attempts have been made to consolidate some services.
For example, Kill Devil Hills and Kitty Hawk have entered into a
recycling agreement. Further, Kill Devil Hills now cooperates
with the Dare County Recreation Department in various public
recreation activities through formal agreements.
Health and Education
Policv Selected in 1987:
The Town of Kill Devil Hills supports the establishment of a full
service hospital for Dare County and supports construction of
additional educational structures as may be necessary in Kill
Devil Hills on the Baum Tract.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
Health - The Town continued to lobby for modification of the area -
wide health services plan to include Dare County as a candidate
for a hospital. These efforts were unsuccessful as the necessary
criteria could not be met. However, the North Beach Regional
Medical Center was established in Kitty Hawk in 1991.
Education - The policy selected was
two new schools were completed and
Town has continued to support Dare
school facility.
Community Appearance
Policy Selected in 1987:
successfully implemented as
opened on the Baum Tract. The
County's planning for a high
The Town supports the establishment of a Community Appearance
Committee appointed by the Board of Commissioners to advise the
Board on methods by which the community's appearance might be
improved, including new local ordinances to address junk cars and
litter.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town implemented this policy by creating a Community
Appearance Committee. Since 1989, the Town Planning Board has
served as this committee and has awarded two annual awards since
committee formation. Multi -family and commercial buildings are
nominated for these Community Appearance Awards.
92-32 2 - 16

(q) Tourism
Policy Selected in 1987:
' The Town of Kill Devil Hills supports tourism and encourages
season extending events.
' Implemented Analysis as of 1992:
The Town implemented this policy through its continuing support of
' agencies and events including the Outer Banks Chamber of Commerce,
Dare County Tourist Bureau, the April Wright Fly -In and the
October Fishing Tournaments.
' (r) Recreation and Shoreline Access
' Policy Selected in 1987:
The Town supports the expenditure of public funds for organized
recreational activities in Kill Devil Hills and favors the
' development of the following recreational facilities in the next
five years, listed according to priority:
' • bicycle routes;
• jogging or walking paths;
• playgrounds for children age 10 and under; and,
' • parks and picnic areas.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
' The Town is successfully implementing this policy with the
adoption and implementation of a Recreational Facilities Plan.
Projects being considered include:
• a park at Fresh Pond;
• a mini -park project at Hayman Boulevard/Ocean; and,
• a bike path/jogging trail connecting the Wright Brothers
National Memorial to the schools and other facilities on the
Baum Tract.
' Policy Selected in 1987:
The Town supports the expenditure of public funds to provide
' shoreline access facilities for public access to the ocean and
estuarine beaches and waters. The Town will continue to implement
the Shoreline Access Plan established in 1979 and in addition,
supports road improvements to feeder roads serving access sites to
provide parallel parking on such roads. The Town supports the
implementation of user fee system to support the cost of
establishing and maintaining shoreline access facilities.
' 92-32 2 - 17

Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town updated its Shoreline Access Plan in 1991. Projects
completed include:
• Woodmere Avenue Neighborhood Ocean Access;
• Ocean Bay Boulevard Regional Access (revamp to provide
handicap access); and,
• Hayman Boulevard Local Estuarine Access (pier).
The Town continues to implement its Shoreline Access Plan and is
considering a joint access project with Nags Head in the vicinity
of 8th Street. The Town has not implemented a user fee system to
support the cost of establishing and maintaining shoreline access
facilities.
(s) Redevelopment of Developed Areas
Policy Selected in 1987:
The Town of Kill Devil Hills favors redevelopment of developed
areas only after the review of any redevelopment plans for
consistency with the Town-s "three tier" land use strategy.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town implemented this policy through the review of
redevelopment plans by the Planning Board and Board of
Commissioners for consistency with the zoning ordinance and the
"three-tier" land use plan. The Town updated the zoning
ordinance, clarifying and detailing its approach to facilitating
redevelopment.
(t) Development of the Baum Tract
Policy Selected in 1987:
The Town favors the recommendations of the Baum Tract Commission
that land use on the Baum Tract be for publicly owned facilities
or the use of non-profit organizations.
Implementation•Analysis as of 1992:
The Town implemented this policy by accepting the recommendations
of the Baum Tract Commission. The Baum Tract has been improved
with publicly owned facilities or facilities owned and utilized by
non-profit organizations. Today, facilities located on the Baum
Tract include:
92-32 2 - 18

J
' • Kill Devil Hills Administrative Services Building;
• Kill Devil Hills Water Administration Building;
• Thomas A. Baum Adult Services Center;
' • Regional Desalinization Plant;
0 Outer Banks Chamber of Commerce;
0 First Flight Elementary School;
' • First Flight Middle School; and,
• Dare County Library (Kill Devil Hills Branch).
' (3) Public Participation
Policy Selected in 1987:
' The Town encourages public participation in all land use decisions,
procedures, commissions, advisory agencies, and will establish a non-
resident property owner advisory commission.
' Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
To successfully implement this policy, the Town advertised public
' meetings and utilized direct correspondence, radio public service
announcements and public notices to notify the public of meetings and
opportunities to provide input, thereby generating public interest and
promoting public education. A "Sunshine List" was maintained to notify
interested persons of meetings and public hearings. A non-resident
property owner advisory commission has not been established.
' (4) Hurricane Mitigation Planning
(a) Storm Hazards Planning and Mitigation
' Policy Selected in 1987:
' Hill Devil Hills Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance - This
ordinance should be designed to meet the National Flood Insurance
Program. The ordinance should also be designed to minimize flood
' damage by referring to accepted practices and methods that would
set forth uniform rules for developers.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
' The Town designed its Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance to be
consistent with the National Flood Insurance Program. The
' ordinance has been adopted and implemented. It refers to accepted
practices and methods that set forth uniform rules for developers.
' Policy Selected in 1987: Kill Devil Hills Hazard Area Redevelopment Policy -
This policy is
related to the Building Code and the Flood Damage Prevention
' Ordinance. The policy should indicate that reconstruction after a
storm be subject to the regulations of the building code which
92-32 2 - 19

(b)
states that if any building damaged in excess of fifty percent of
its value to conform with code requirements for new buildings when
repaired. Also the flood damage prevention ordinance should
require that all existing structures must comply with requirements
related to the 100-year flood elevation, which is if any repair,
reconstruction, or improvement of a structure is equal to or
exceeds fifty percent of the market value, the improvement or
repair must follow the building code regulations.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town did not adopt a Hazard Area Redevelopment Policy but did
modify its zoning ordinance to address some redevelopment issues.
Policv Selected in 1987:
The Town will continue to implement area wide street address
ordinance to increase the damage assessment team's ability to
identify remaining structures.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town successfully implemented this policy.
Policv Selected in 1987:
The Town favors the establishment of a post -disaster fund of State
monies to be allocated to N.C. communities that have been declared
major disasters. This state fund would be used to supplement
Federal disaster relief aid.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town took no further steps beyond selecting and stating this
policy supporting the establishment of a State funded post -
disaster relief fund.
Post -Disaster Reconstruction Planning
Policv Selected in 1987:
Recommended Reconstruction Policies - It is recommended that the
Town Task Force consist of the following individuals:
• Chairman of the Town Board;
• Town Manager;
• Emergency Management Coordinator;
• Town Tax Appraiser;
• Town Finance Director;
• Town Code Inspector; and,
• Town Planning and Development Director.
92-32 2 - 20

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' Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
A Task Force has been set up by the Town although a Hazard Area
Redevelopment Policy has not been adopted.
Policy Selected in 1987:
' Building permits to restore structures located outside of
designated AEC areas that were previously built in conformance
with local codes, standards and the provision of the North
' Carolina Building Code shall be issued automatically.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
' No policy providing for this procedure was adopted.
Policy Selected in 1987:
All structures suffering major damages as defined in the Kill
Devil Hills Damage Assessment Plan shall be repaired or rebuilt to
t conform with the provision of the North Carolina Building Code and
other related ordinances.
' Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
A Damage Assessment Plan was not adopted.
' Policy Selected in 1987:
All structures suffering minor damage as defined in the Kill Devil
' Hills Damage Assessment Plan shall be permitted to be rebuilt to
their original state before the storm condition provided non-
conforming use regulations are met.
' Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
A Damage Assessment Plan was not adopted. However, language was
added to the Town's zoning ordinance concerning redevelopment.
Policy Selected in 1987:
For all structures in the designated AEC's and for all mobile home
locations, a determination shall be made for each AEC as to
' whether the provisions of the N.C. Building Code, the State
Regulations for Areas of Environmental Concern, or other
ordinances appeared adequate in minimizing storm damages. For
area where the construction and use requirements appear adequate,
' permits shall be issued in accordance with permitting policies 1,
2, and 3. For AEC's where the construction and use requirements
do not appear to have been adequate in mitigating damages, a
' Temporary Development Moratorium for all structures located within
that specific AEC shall be considered.
' 92-32 2 - 21

Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
No temporary development moratoria were imposed by the Town.
Policy Selected in 1987:
All individual mobile homes located in mobile home parks
sustaining some damage to at least 50% of their mobile homes in
the park shall be required to conform to current ordinances.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
This policy has not been implemented nor is it necessary since
there are no mobile home parks in Kill Devil Hills.
Policy Selected in 1987:
Permits shall not be issued in areas subject to a Temporary
Development Moratoria until such a moratoria is lifted by the Town
or Dare County.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
No temporary development moratoria were imposed by the Town or
Dare County.
Policy Selected in 1987:
All damaged water and sewer systems (both public and private)
shall be repaired so as to be elevated above the 100-year flood
plain or shall be flood -proofed, with methods employed and the
construction certified by a registered professional engineer.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
This policy has not been implemented.
Policv Selected in 1987:
All damaged roads used as major evacuation routes in flood hazard
areas shall be repaired so as to be elevated at least one foot
above the 100-year flood plain evacuation.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
This policy deals primarily with NC 12 nd U.S.158 By -Pass which
both already meet or exceed the construction standard set forth.
92-32 2 - 22

Policy Selected in 1987:
All local roads that have to be completely rebuilt shall be
elevated so as to be above the 100-year flood plain elevation,
using current specifications for reconstruction.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
This policy has not been implemented.
(c) Hurricane Evacuation
Policy Selected in 1987:
Annual Awareness Campaigns and Evacuation Exercises
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:_
The Town has successfully implemented this policy.
Policy Selected in 1987:
Bridge and road improvements as may be necessary to increase
traffic flow on evacuation routes.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The bridge to Roanoke Island has been four-laned and. -improvements
to the bridge at Currituck Sound have been approved.
Policy Selected in 1987:
Support of the continuation of a full time Emergency Management
' Coordinator and an annual update of the Dare County Hurricane
Evacuation Master Plan and Disaster Assessment Team Personnel
Roster.
' Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town has successfully implemented this policy.
' Policy Selected in 1987:
' Erection of Evacuation Route Identification Signs during the
Hurricane Season.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town has successfully implemented this policy.
1
92-32 2 - 23

Policy Selected in 1987:
A back-up evacuation shelter design feature to those new public '
structures that may be built by the Town in the future.
Implementation Analysis as of 1992:
The Town has successfully implemented this policy, most recently ,
with regard to school facilities constructed on the Baum Tract.
r
17
92-32 2 - 24 1

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APPENDIX 3
COMPARISON OF 1987 LAND USE POLICIES TO POLICIES OF ADJOINING
TOWNSHIPS
1987 TOWN OF KILL TOWN OF NAGS HEAD TOWN OF KITTY HAWK
DEVIL HILLS POLICY 1990 LAND USE PLAN 1989 LAND USE PLAN
1. RESOURCE PROTECTION. PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
CONSTRAINTS TO DEVELOPMENT
Support regulatory
programs and local
review; support "pay as
you go" philosophy
SHORELINE EROSION
Support funding for beach
nourishment projects;
property owners to bear
cost of site specific
protection measures
DUNEPLOWING REVEGETATION AND
ESTUARINE BULKHEADS
Support revegetation and
estuarine bulkheads; oppose
damage to inland dunes
COMMERCIAL AND RECREATIONAL
FISHING, OFF ROAD VEHICLES
Favor seasonal restrictions
on beach driving;"oppose
government regulation of
ocean uses, particularly
fishing
AGRICULTURAL, FORESTRY AND
INDUSTRIAL USES
Favor environmentally
compatible light industry;
oppose forestry; support
tourism as industry
AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN
(AEC) AND COASTAL RESOURCES
COMMISSION (CRC) POLICIES
Support CRC, Coastal Area
Management Act (CAMA);
oppose additional AEC's;
support local input
1 92-32
CONSISTENT CONSISTENT
Page 26; Policies 1, 2 and 3 Page 82, Policy 123
CONSISTENT INCONSISTENT
Page 27; Policy 4 and 12 Page 83; Policy 130
CONSISTENT
Page 27; Policy 5
CONSISTENT
Page 54; Policy 7
Page 56; Policy 6
Page 58; Policy 5
CONSISTENT (with respect to
tourism and opposition of
forestry) Page 47; Policy 7
and Page 56; Policy 2
(Productive agricultural
lands not considered)
CONSISTENT
Page 70; Policy 16
Page 74; Policies 45
and 46
CONSISTENT
Page 69; Policy 3
(Encourage independent
fishing and crabbing)
CONSISTENT
Page 69; Policies 3
and 5
Page 71; Policy 19
Page 82; Policy 124
CONSISTENT (with respect to CONSISTENT
support of CRC and CAMA) Page 70; Policy 11
Page 26; Policies 1 and 2
(Town favors Nags Head Woods
as an AEC)
3-1

NAGS HEAD
KITTY HAWK
STATE AND FEDERAL POLICIES
CONSISTENT
CONSISTENT
Support state and federal
Page 62; policy 2
Page 80; Policies 99
policies; support local
100, 101, 106 and 107
input
Page 82; Policy 123
ESTUARINE WATER QUALITY
CONSISTENT
CONSISTENT
Support protection of
Page 37; Policy 1
Page 70; Policies 13,
estuarine waters
14 and 15
MARITIME FORESTS
CONSISTENT
CONSISTENT
Support maintenance and
Page 56; Policy 2
Page 71; Policy 19
management of maritime
Page 63; Special Development
forests
Policy 1
FLOATING HOMES
CONSISTENT
CONSISTENT
Oppose floating homes
Page 2; Paragraph 2,
Page 83; Policy 125
Number 2
FRESH WATER POND AEC
CONSISTENT
NOT SPECIFICALLY
Support continued AEC
Page 43; Policy 3
ADDRESSED
restrictions
AREAS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL OR
CONSISTENT
CONSISTENT
HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Page 52; Policies 4, 5,
Page 71; Policy 22
Support protection measures
and 8
(Support for inventory
considered)
2. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS
CONSISTENT
CONSISTENT
Support local and multi-
Page 81; Policy 11
(Local needs
jurisdictional public
addressed)
facilities
GROWTH
LOCALLY ANALYZED
LOCALLY ANALYZED
Recognize Growth Scenario II
Chapters 2 and 3
Chapters 2 and 6
ENERGY SHORTAGES
NOT SPECIFICALLY
NOT SPECIFICALLY
Support energy efficient
ADDRESSED
ADDRESSED
structures, stand by fuel
allocation plan
F
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NAGS HEAD
KITTY HAWK
WATER AND SEWER
INCONSISTENT (with respect
INCONSISTENT
Support use of impact fees
to sewer) Page 44; Policies
Page 70; Policy 10
and "pay as you go"
1 and 2
philosophy and use of public
funds for community wide
wastewater
PACKAGE TREATMENT PLANTS
CONSISTENT
CONSISTENT
Support community -wide
Page 44; Policies 3 and 4
Page 70; Policy 10
system and package treatment
(Oppose public sewer)
Page 72; Policy 28
plants in interim
TRANSPORTATION NETWORK
CONSISTENT
CONSISTENT
(BY-PASS)
Page 34; Policy 4
Page 72; Policy 30
Support various projects
Page 73; Policy 36
TRANSPORTATION NETWORK
CONSISTENT
CONSISTENT
(LOCAL ROADS)
Page 34; Policies 1, 3 and 5
Page 72; Policies 29,
Support "pay as you go"
(Local issues addressed)
33 and 34
philosophy and various
Page 73; Policies 35
projects
and 37
(Local issues
addressed)
HOUSING MIX
CONSISTENT
CONSISTENT
Support three tier approach
Pages 48 and 49; Policies 1,
Page 81; Policy 113
2 and 3
(Locally analyzed)
(Locally analyzed)
BUILDING HEIGHTS
INCONSISTENT
INCONSISTENT
Support 42' limit in
(35' town -wide with
Page 82; Policy 120
residential district and
exceptions for hotels
(35' maximum)
50' in commercial district
and condos)
COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT
CONSISTENT
CONSISTENT
Support centralization in
Page 46; Policies 1 and 2
Page 81; Policies 113
northern and southern ends
(Limit development)
and 114
of town
Page 82; Policies 116,
117, 118 and 119
ENERGY FACILITIES
CONSISTENT
CONSISTENT
Oppose locating refineries,
Page 27; Policy 9
Page 81; Policy 112
nuclear power plants or
Page 52; Policy 7
Page 82; Policy 121
coal/oil fired energy
production plants in town;
support underground utility
lines
1
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3-3

NAGS HEAD
KITTY HAWK
HISTORIC PRESERVATION
CONSISTENT
CONSISTENT
Support identification of
Page 52; Policies 43, 5 and 8
Page 71; Policy 22
historical structures
ANNEXATION
NOT SPECIFICALLY ADDRESSED
NOT SPECIFICALLY
Support regulation of
(Not applicable)
ADDRESSED
incorporated land within one
mile of town
CONSOLIDATION
NOT SPECIFICALLY ADDRESSED
NOT SPECIFICALLY
Support consolidation of
(Page 62; Policy 2 discusses
ADDRESSED
Kill Devil Hills, Kitty Hawk
interjurisdictional
and Colington area into one
cooperation)
unit of local government
HEALTH AND EDUCATION
NOT SPECIFICALLY ADDRESSED
CONSISTENT
Support establishment of
Page 75; Policies 59,
full service hospital and
60, 63 and 64
construction of necessary
educational structures
COMMUNITY APPEARANCE
CONSISTENT
CONSISTENT
Support community appearance
Page 52; Policy 9
Page 69; Policy 4
committee
Page 79; Policy 7
Page 75; Policy 66
Page 82; Special Development
Page 76; Policy 67
Policy 13
Page 83; Policy 126
TOURISM
CONSISTENT
CONSISTENT
Support tourism and
Page 47; Policy 7
Page 69; Policies 2,
encourages season extending
3 and 5
events
RECREATION AND SHORELINE
CONSISTENT
CONSISTENT
ACCESS
Page 54; Policies 1, 2, 3,
Page 72; Policy 31
Support public expenditures
4, 5, 6, 8 and 9
Page 73; Policies 38,
for organized recreational
41 and 42
activities and shoreline
Page 74; Policies 43,
access
44, 49 and 51
REDEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPED
CONSISTENT
CONSISTENT
AREAS
Page 32; Policy 6
Page 80; Policy 102
Support redevelopment
(Local issues addressed)
Page 82; Policy 122
consistent with three tier
(Local issues
land use strategy
addressed)
n
u
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92-32 3 - 4 1

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NAGS HEAD
KITTY HAWK
DEVELOPMENT OF BAUM TRACT
NOT SPECIFICALLY ADDRESSED
NOT SPECIFICALLY
Support recommendations of
ADDRESSED
Baum.Tract Commission
3. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
CONSISTENT
CONSISTENT
Support public participation
Page 62; Policies 1 and 2
Page 69; Policy 1
4. HURRICANE MITIGATION PLANNING
STORM HAZARD PLANNING AND
CONSISTENT
CONSISTENT
MITIGATION
Page 31; Policies 1, 2, 3, 4,
Page 76; Policy 76
Support flood damage
5 and 6
Page 77; Policy 80
prevention ordinance; support
hazard area redevelopment
policy; continue to implement
area wide street address
ordinance; support state
funded post -disaster fund
POST DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION
CONSISTENT
CONSISTENT
Support task force; support
Page 32; Policies 1, 2, 3, 4,
Page 76; Policies 71
building permit related
and 5
and 75,
policy for restoration;
Page 77; Policies 82
support North Carolina
and 83
building code; temporary
Page 79; Policies 96
development moratorium;
and 97
support elevation of damaged
Page 80; Policies 102
water/sewer systems and roads
and 103
HURRICANE EVACUATION
CONSISTENT
CONSISTENT
Support annual awareness
Page 34; Policy 2
Page 78; Policies 85
campaign; support bridge and
86, 87, 88, 89, 90 and
road improvements; support
91
full time emergency management
Page 79; Policies 94,
coordinator; support back-up
95 and 97
evacuation design feature in
public structures
1
92-32
3 - 5

APPENDIX 4
PUBLIC EDUCATION AND CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN
FOR USE IN PREPARING
THE
1993 TOWN OF KILL DEVIL HILLS LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
ADOPTED BY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
MAY 11, 1992
Prepared By:
William C. Overman Associates, P.C.
April 21, 1992
92-32 4 - 1

INTRODUCTION
Rule .0207-Public Participation, Subchapter 7B, of the North Carolina
Administrative Code, October 1989, requires localities to:
. . . employ a variety of educational efforts and participation techniques to.
assure that all segments of the community have a full and adequate opportunity to
be informed and to effectively participate in planning decision -making.
The citizen participation plan is designed to give the public an opportunity to
voice its views on all required policy items throughout the 1993 Town of Kill Devil
Hills Land Use Plan Update. As described herein, several public education and citizen
participation strategies will be used by the Town'to accomplish this objective and
thus fulfill legal requirements.
POLICY STATEMENT
The Town of Kill Devil Hills (Town) encourages public participation in all land
use decisions and procedure development processes and encourages citizen input via its
boards, commissions, and agencies.
DESIGNATION OF PRINCIPAL LOCAL BOARD
The Town Planning Board is hereby designated as the principal local board
responsible for supervision of the 1993 Town of Kill Devil Hills Land Use P1an*Update.
PUBLIC EDUCATION AND CITIZEN PARTICIPATION STRATEGIES: SCHEDULE
Citizen participation in the planning process promotes public education regarding
land use issues, policy development, and regulatory procedures. The Town will proceed
from this premise, thereby furthering public education on planning issues while
obtaining citizen input in developing land use plan policy statements and allowing for
continued public participation in the planning process. To ensure that all economic,
social, ethnic, and cultural view points are properly considered in the updating
process, the Town will utilize a variety of public education and citizen participation
strategies including:
1. Kill Devil Hills Public Opinion Survey - The results of a public opinion
survey mailed to 4,200 residents and property owners in March 1992 will be
recorded, analyzed and considered in the review and development of policies
to be included in the 1993 Town of Kill Devil Hills Land Use Plan Update.
Completed surveys are to be returned by April 6, 1992 and analysis
undertaken immediately.
92-32 4 - 2

2. Direct Citizen Participation - Commencing with the public opinion survey,
' continuing at a meeting to discuss this Public Education and Citizen
Participation Plan held on April 21, 1992 and continuing further at each of
the following planning board meetings, citizen participation will be
' encouraged and time will be allocated as appropriate for round -table
discussions involving citizens, the planning board, and staff. Round -table
discussions will be held during regularly scheduled Planning Board Meetings
on the 1st and 3rd Tuesday of each month. The first of such meetings,
scheduled for May 7, will be a round -table discussion on Land Use policy
issues. Additional time will be allowed, if needed, at the second meeting
of the month.
3. Interest Group Participation - A number of interest groups will be
identified and invited to participate at the regularly scheduled planning
' board round -table discussions. These include but are not limited to the
following:
a. Albemarle Commission
' b. Dare County Bar Association
C. Dare County Board of Realtors
d. Dare County - Outer Banks Jaycees
e. Dare County Restaurant Association
f. First Flight Lions Club
g. Kill Devil Hills Taxpayers Association
h. National Park Service
i. North Carolina Nature Conservancy
j. Ocean Acres Civic Association
k. Outer Banks Chamber of Commerce
' 1. Outer Banks Hotel/Motel Association
M. Outer Banks Homebuilders Association
n. Outer Banks Kiwanis Club
' o. Outer Banks Lioness Club
p. Outer Banks Senior Fellowship
q. Rotary Club
' r. Virginia Dare Business and Professional Womens' Club
Planning Board members and staff will avail themselves of opportunities to
meet and interact with these organizations as invitations occur and
tschedules permit.
4. Media Participation - Local, regional, and state media will be invited to
' participate in the land use plan update -and will be encouraged to attend
public hearings and round -table discussions. Media organizations include,
but are not limited to the following:
L
' 92-32
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7-7
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a. The Coastland Times
b. The Virginian Pilot/Ledger Star
C. The Daily Advance
d. W.N.H.W.
e. W.O.B.R.
f. W.R.S.F.
g. W.V.O.D.
NOTIFICATION PROCEDURES & IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Advertisements in newspapers, radio public service announcements, and direct
mailings will be used to announce meetings and encourage participation by citizens,
interest groups, news media, and other interested parties. Meeting notices will also
be posted on bulletin boards and information desks where appropriate. Efforts will be
made to attend civic club meetings and the like to further expose the planning process
to the public.
DOCUMENTATION
This plan, as adopted, including a listing of meetings and other applicable
documentation, survey results, and an assessment as to the effectiveness and adequacy
of the citizen participation effort will be included as a part of the 1993 Town of
Kill Devil Hills Land Use Plan Update.
92-32 4 - 4

' APPENDIX 5
ELEMENTS OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLANNING
There are typically
four elements of emergency management planning. These
are:
Mitigation -
Activities which actually eliminate or reduce the
'
probability or occurrence of a disaster caused by a
hazardous event. Mitigation also includes land use
planning and other long-term activities which reduce
'
the effects of hazardous events.
Preparedness
- Activities that are necessary when mitigation measures
have not, or cannot, prevent disasters caused by a
'
hazardous event. Preparedness involves the staffing
of an emergency management team to assist in saving
lives and property and to enhance response operations.
Response -
Activities that follow an emergency or disaster. Of
primary concern is emergency assistance to casualties.
Also, the emergency management team seeks to reduce
'
secondary damage and to speed recovery operations.
Recovery -
Activities that involve post emergency, short and long
term operations. In the short term, the.emergency
management team attempts to restore all systems to
normal operation, including vital life supporting
'
systems. In the long term, recovery involves return
to life at normal or improved levels. This step
should involve the community planning process.
In general, mitigation and long-term recovery involve
the land use planning process, while preparedness,
response, and short-term recovery fall within the
'
responsibility of an Emergency Management Coordinator.
Coordination between emergency management and planning
officials is necessary to successfully mitigate
hazards.
Effective storm hazard mitigation requires an
inventory of hazard areas. The intent of this
'
inventory is to put into perspective the level of
existing development within the hazard areas. It is
'
designed to inform local officials of what proportion
of the population, housing, and tax base may be
subject to damage in the event of a disaster.
Policies should be formulated to deal with
redevelopment in the hazard areas.
' 92-32
5 - I

92-32
The first step of hazard mitigation is to identify the
frequency and magnitude of the hazards in the
community. This involves studying storms, including
frequency of occurrence and severity levels. This
step can be done by using records from the past, as
these are the only data available to predict future
storms. Generally, it can be stated that the larger
the storm, the less often it occurs. Consequently,
although a large storm may not have recently occurred,
planning for mitigation must still be undertaken. The
local government must be prepared for the possible
occurrence of disasters at any time.
The second step of hazard mitigation is to conduct a
vulnerability analysis. This step determines what is
at risk. In order to assess this information,
research must be conducted to determine the type and
location of prior property damage and the potential
for damages as well as the location of previous
injuries to people. Generally, the vulnerability
study analyzes the potential for death, injury, and
destruction of property.
The third step of hazard mitigation includes general
and specific measures for minimizing the damage likely
to occur. The general measures include, but are not
limited to:
• building codes;
• flood damage prevention ordinance;
• zoning ordinances;
• tax incentives/disincentives;
• land use management;
• safety codes;
• preventive health care;
• public education;
• building use regulations; and,
• resource allocations.
Most of the general measures involve adoption,
compliance, and enforcement by the local government
The role of the planning board is leadership in the
adoption process and coordination among the
participating governmental agencies. The planning
board is also involved in the compliance and
enforcement of the measures. Specific measures
include those that are flood related, wind related,
erosion related, and health related.
Flood related measures include construction and '
protection of retention basins and reservoirs, land
conservation techniques, and flood -proof buildings.
5-2

P
k
Wind related measures include roof anchors, window
size and thickness codes, mobile home tiedowns,
windbreaks, forest management, and real estate
disclosure laws.
Erosion related methods include wetland protection,
swamp forest protection, construction and protection
of breakwaters, levees, and public information
programs.
Health related measures include inoculations, rodent
and insect control, water purification, waste
disposal, health codes, laws and inspections, and
public health education.
Storm hazard mitigation requires coordination of many
agencies to be successful. A comprehensive effort is
necessary to fully realize a mitigation plan and its
relation to the overall emergency and planning
process.
1 92-32 5 - 3

h
APPENDIX 6
HAZARD AREAS
The identification of hazard areas initially involved U.S.G.S. topographic
maps and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers "slosh" map. A boundary as such
requires large scale maps commonly used in a flood insurance study and filed in
the Department of Planning and Development. The possible -level of damage to life
and property in the hazard areas of Kill Devil Hills is considered potentially
large as shown in EXHIBIT 1. It is difficult to predict where damage will occur
by study alone.
EXHIBIT 1
Definition Of Hazard Areas
Forces Present/Expected
Hazard
Area
Wave
High
Category
Erosion
Action Flooding Winds
Boundaries
1
X
X
X X
Ocean erodible AEC's
Inlet hazard AEC's
Estuarine shoreline AEC's
2
X
X
X X
Flood insurance V-zones
3
0
0
X X
Flood insurance A -zones
4
0 X
Rest of Community
Risk levels: High
(X),
Moderate (0), Low ( )
Source:
1987 Town
of Kill Devil Hills Land Use
Plan.
92-32
The low lying areas in the north section of Kill Devil Hills, the
shoreline area adjacent to Roanoke Sound and the immediate ocean front
can be expected to receive some flood damage from even the smallest of
hurricanes; those rated up to a Force 2 on the Saffier/Simpson Damage
Potential Scale which follows as EXHIBIT 2. A Force 2 hurricane would
have winds up to 110 mph and storm tides of 6-8 feet above sea level.
A fair percentage of the development in these areas is situated at or
below eight feet above sea level increasing the likelihood of light to
moderate damage from resultant flooding. NC 12 would likely be
inundated to some degree, possibly restricting vehicular traffic.
Depending on the type of storm, it is possible that overwash could
occur from the ocean to the sound even at the Force 2 level because of
the low lying characteristics of the land at the northern section of
the Town. Though damage prevention measures would have to be taken in
the event of any hurricane, it is not anticipated that evacuation
measures would have to be taken for hurricanes up through the Force 2
level.
6-1

There are no additional hazard zones that appear on the Army Corps of
Engineers "slosh" maps in the event of a Force 3 hurricane. However,
the aforementioned low lying areas that would be affected by a Force 2
storm would certainly receive much more flooding and water damage in
the latter case. A Force 3 hurricane is a storm that has sustained
winds of 111-130 mph and storm tides from 9-12 feet above sea level.
Developed areas lying within this initial hazard zone would likely
receive extensive flooding and may possibly have to be evacuated.
Both U.S. 158 and NC 12 could be inundated at the northern boundary of
the Town and would likely be impassable. Depending on the nature of
the storm, the likelihood of this occurrence may warrant emergency
officials to consider evacuation of the Town in the event of a Force 3
or greater storm due to the added danger of the loss of the northerly
evacuation route.
In the event of a Force 4 or 5 hurricane, most remaining developed
areas of Kill Devil Hills will fall within the hazard zone. A Force 4
hurricane has sustained winds of 131-155 mph and storm tides of 13-18
feet above sea level. Areas of the Town that would not be susceptible
to flooding are the high dunes in the Nags Head Woods and some high
ground west of U.S. 158 in the north end of Town. The majority of
U.S. 158 and NC 12 would be rendered impassable and would no longer be
able to serve as evacuation routes in either direction. The 1983 Dare
County Hurricane Evacuation Plan does not state what storm severity
would necessitate an order for evacuation however, it is recommended
that the Town be evacuated well in advance of a Force 4 or 5 hurricane
strike.
EXHIBIT
2
Saffir/Simpson Damage
Potential Scale
Force
1
Winds
74-95 mph
Storm
Surge
4-5 Feet Above
Normal
Force
2
Winds
96-110 mph
Storm
Surge
6-8 Feet Above Normal
Force
3
Winds
111-130 mph
Storm
Surge
9-12 Feet Above
Normal
Force
4
Winds
131-155 mph
Storm
Surge
13-18 Feet Above
Normal
Force
5
Winds
Greater Than 155
mph
Storm
Surge
Greater Than 18
Feet
Above Normal
Source: 1987
Town of Kill Devil
Hills Land Use Plan.
92-32 6 - 2

' APPENDIX 7
POST DISASTER RECOVERY
The following narrative discusses the mechanisms, procedures and
policies that should enable the Town to learn from its storm experiences and
to rebuild in a wise and practical manner.
' It is important that local officials clearly understand the joint
federal -state -local procedures for providing assistance to rebuild after a
storm so that local damage assessment and reconstruction efforts are carried
' out in an efficient manner that qualifies the community for the different
types of assistance that are available. The requirements are generally
delineated in the Disaster Relief Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-288) which authorizes a
' wide range of financial and direct assistance to communities and individuals.
After a major storm event, local damage assessment teams will survey -
impacted areas to identify any citizens who need immediate medical attention,
' food or shelter. They will also survey storm damage within the community.
Damage information will be compiled and summarized and the nature and extent
of damage will be reported to the North Carolina Division of Emergency
' Management (DEM). DEM will compile local data and make recommendations to the
Governor concerning state actions. At this point, the Governor may request a
Presidential declaration of "emergency" or "major disaster." A Presidential
declaration makes a variety of federal resources available to local
' communities and individuals.
Executive Order 1198 (Floodplain Management) directs all federal
' agencies to avoid either directly or indirectly supporting future unwise
development in floodplains, and Section 406 of the Disaster Relief Act can
require communities, as a prerequisite for federal disaster assistance, to
' take specific actions to mitigate future flood losses. Kill Devil Hills has
been provided a comprehensive listing of the Federal Disaster Assistance
Programs that may be available following a major storm.
A local assessment team is in place and include individuals who are
qualified to give reliable estimates of the original value of structures, an
estimated value of sustained damages and a description of the repairs. The
' logistics involved in assessing damage in the Town after a major storm will
possibly necessitate the organization of several damage assessment teams.
' The several damage assessment teams should include a public property
survey team, a business and industry survey team and a private dwelling survey
team. The public property survey team should consist of town department
head(s), a professional engineer (volunteer), an architect (volunteer), and a
' police officer (driver).
The business and industry survey team should consist of a tax assessor,
' a building inspector (CAMA Permit Officer), an industrial/commercial real
estate broker (volunteer), a chamber of commerce representative (volunteer),
an architect (volunteer), and a police officer (driver).
' 92-32 7 - 1

The private dwelling survey team should consist of a tax assessor, a
building inspector, a residential real estate broker (volunteer), a building
contractor (volunteer), and a police officer (volunteer).
Recruited volunteers should receive training so that the members of the
damage assessment team are familiar with required damage classification
procedures and reporting requirements. It is suggested that Dare County
assume the responsibility for developing and implementing a training program
for both county and town damage assessment teams. In establishing the
assessment teams, it might be difficult to fill certain positions, because the
services of some individuals will likely be in a great demand after a storm
disaster. The Emergency Management Coordinator should establish and maintain
an active "volunteer file" with standing instructions on where to report
following a storm. Damage assessment forms and procedures should be prepared
and distributed to volunteers as part of the training program.
Damage assessment is defined as a rapid means of determining a realistic
estimate of the amount of damage caused by a natural or man-made disaster.
For a storm disaster, it is expressed in terms of number of structures
damaged, magnitude of damage by type of structure, estimated total dollar loss
and estimated total dollar loss covered by insurance.
After a major storm event, members of the Damage Assessment Team should
report for a briefing from the Emergency Management Coordinator. The
Emergency Management Coordinator should establish field reconnaissance
priorities according to the extent of damage and where landfall occurred.
Because of the potentially large job at hand, the limited personnel resources
available to conduct the assessments and the limited time within which the
initial assessment must be made, the first phase of the assessment shall
consist of only an external visual survey of damaged structures. A more
detailed second phase assessment can be made after the initial damage reports
are filed.
The initial damage
damage .incurred by each
flooding or wave action.
"windshield" survey.
assessment should make an estimate of the extent of ,
structure and identify the cause such as wind,
This first phase assessment should be made by a
Damaged structures should be classified in accordance with guidelines
established by the State DEM. The four damage classifications are destroyed,
major, minor, and isolated. They are described later in this section.
It will be necessary to thoroughly document each assessment. In many
cases, mail boxes and other information typically used to identify specific
structures will not be found. Consequently, the damage assessment team must
be provided with functional maps and photographic equipment in order to record
and document its field observations. Enough information to complete the
damage assessment worksheet must be obtained on each damaged structure.
The second phase of the damage assessment operation should estimate the
value of the damages sustained. This operation should be carried out under
the direction and supervision of the Emergency Management Coordinator. A
special team consisting of tax clerks, tax assessment personnel and other
qualified staff should be organized by the Emergency Management Coordinator.
92-32 7 - 2
F
1

' This team should be incorporated into the plan. In order to estimate total
damage values, the Emergency Management Office should have a set of property
tax maps (including aerial photographs) identical to those utilized by the
' damage assessment field team, town maps delineating areas assigned to each
team and copies of all Town property tax records.
In order to produce the damage value information required, the following
' methodology should be employed:
1. The number of businesses and residential structures that have been
' damaged within the Town should be summarized by damage
classification category.
' 2. The replacement cost or fair market value of each damaged
structure excluding land value should be obtained from the owner
or occupant or estimated from existing tax records or best
available data and professional judgement. The damage
' classification categories are:
a.
MIN (damages/uninhabitable) - The term "MIN" is an
abbreviation for "minor" damage. "Minor" damages, when
'
considering housing damages, are defined as physical damages
which make the impacted home uninhabitable and have damages
of 10% or less of the home's replacement cost or fair market
'
value. "Min" damages are those which will require minimal
repairs to doors, windows, floors, utilities, etc., to make
the structure habitable again.
'
"MAY"
b.
MAJ (damages/uninhabitable) - The term i� an
abbreviation for "major" damage. "Major" damages are
defined as physical damages which make the impacted
'
structure or facility uninhabitable and have damages between
11% and 74% of the home's replacement cost or fair market
'
value. A home with extensive damages to its foundation,
would be classified "MAX damages.
roof, and walls
C.
DEST (damages/uninhabitable) - The term "DEST" is an
abbreviation for "destroyed". "Destroyed" is defined to
mean those homes which have been made uninhabitable as a
result of the incident and have damages in excess of 75% of
their replacement cost or fair market value. If
'
reconstruction or relocation are the only options to
restoring the home to its original use, it should be
'
classified "DEST".
"isolated."
d.
ISO. "ISO" is an abbreviation for Even though
the home may not have sustained any physical damages, the
structure is considered unusable if the home is no longer
'
accessible or if there is a lack of essential utilities such
as electricity, water, etc.
'
3. The
total value of damage for the incorporated areas of the Town
should then be summarized.
'
92-32
7 - 3

1
4. The estimated value loss covered by hazard insurance should then
be determined.
5. Damage assessment reports should be used to:
a. obtain information on the various types of assistance that
might be available from federal and state agencies;
b. understand the various assistance programs; and
C. apply for such assistance. When a major storm does
eventually hit the Town and major damages occur,
consideration should be given to establishing an assistance
team to carry out the above functions as long as there is a
need to do so.
The Town should appoint a Recovery Task Force to oversee the
reconstruction process. The Recovery Task Force should consist of the:
• chairman of the Board of Commissioners;
• town manager;
• emergency management coordinator;
• town tax appraiser;
• town finance director;
• town code inspector; and
• town planning and development director.
Under certain circumstances, interim development moratoriums should be
used in order to give a local government time to assess damages, to make sound
decisions and to learn from its storm experiences. Such moratoriums must be
temporary and must be reasonably related to the public health, safety and
welfare. It is not possible to determine prior to a storm whether a temporary
development moratorium will be needed. Such a measure should only be used if
damage in a particular area is very serious and if redevelopment of the area
in the same manner as previously existed would submit the residents of the
area to similar public health and safety problems.
The need for a temporary development moratorium should be assessed by
the Town's Emergency Management Office within one week after the damage
assessment process is completed. Such assessment should clearly document why
such a moratorium is needed, delineate the specific uses that would be
affected by the moratorium, propose a specific schedule of activities and
actions that will be taken during the moratorium period and establish a
specific time period during which the moratorium will be in effect.
In addition, Section 1362 of the Flood Insurance Act authorizes the
Federal government to purchase property deemed unsuitable for reconstruction.
Upon the determination by the Board of Commissioners that any section of Kill
Devil Hills is not suitable for reconstruction, federal acquisition should be
recommended.
A schedule for staging and permitting repairs should be adhered to. The
schedule should be considered and revised as necessary after the damage
assessment activities are completed. Generally, the schedule for staging and
permitting repairs should be as follows:
92-32 7 - 4

'
1.
Building permits to restore structures located outside of
designated AEC areas that were previously built in conformance
with local codes, standards and the provisions of the North
'
Carolina Building Code should be issued automatically.
2.
All structures suffering major damages as defined should be
repaired or rebuilt to conform with the provisions of the North
'
Carolina Building Code and other related ordinances.
3.
All structures suffering minor damage as defined herein should be
permitted to be rebuilt to their original state before the storm
condition provided non -conforming use regulations are met.
4.
For all structures in designated AEC's and for all mobile home
'
locations, a determination should be made for each AEC as to
whether the provisions of the building code, regulations for AEC's
or other ordinances appeared adequate in minimizing storm damages.
'
For areas where the construction and use requirements appear
adequate, permits should be issued in accordance with either 1, 2
or 3 above. For AEC's where the construction and use requirements
'
do not appear to have been adequate in mitigating damages, a
temporary development moratorium for all structures located within
that specific AEC should be.considered.
'
5.
Permits should not be issued in areas subject to a temporary
development moratorium until such a moratorium is lifted by the
'
Town or Dare County.
6.
All damaged water and sewer systems (both public and private)
shall be repaired so as to be flood -proofed by methods and
'
construction standards certified by a registered professional
engineer where practicable.
7.
All damaged roads used as major evacuation routes in flood hazard
'
areas should be repaired so as to be elevated at least one foot
above the 100-year floodplain elevation where practicable.
'
8.
All local roads that have to be completely rebuilt should be
elevated so as to be above the 100-year flood plain elevation,
using current specifications for reconstruction.
1 92-32 7 - 5

A�
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wi
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TOWN OF
KILL DEVIL HILLS
DARE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
GRAPHIC SCALE
I IN. - OW FT. 600 0 600 12001
SCALE IN FEET
loorlIrTr HAW BAY
m
,4 7Z ANPC
THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN PART THROUGH
A GRANT PROVIDED BY THE
CAROLINA COASTAL MANAGEMENT
PROGRAM. THROUGH FUNDS PROVIDED, BY THE COASTAL ZONE'
MANAGEMENT ACT OF 1072. AS AMENDED.
IS ADMINISTERED
BY THE OFFICE OF OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND
ADMINISTRATION.
MAP 1
EXISTING LAND USE
LEGEND:
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THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN PART THROUGH
A GRANT PROVIDED BY THE
CAROLINA COASTAL MANAGEMENT
PROGRAM. THROUGH FUNDS PROVIDED, BY THE COASTAL ZONE'
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IS ADMINISTERED
BY THE OFFICE OF OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND
ADMINISTRATION.
MAP 1
EXISTING LAND USE
LEGEND:
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TOWN OF
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DARE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
CRAPHIC SCALE
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MAP 2
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THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THIS IS THE OFFICIAL ZONING MAP OF THE
TOWN OF KILL
HILLS, WORTH CAROLINA, AS REFERRED TO IN
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OF KILL
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MAP 3
SOIL TYPES
BnD BEACHES—NEWHAN COMPLEX
CnA CONOBY MUCK
CoB COROLLA FINE SAND
CrB COROLLA— DUCKSTON COMPLEX
CuA CURRITUCK MUCKY PEAT
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THE PREPARATION OF THUS MAP WAS FINANCED IN PART THROUGH
A GRANT PROVIDED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA COASTAL MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT ACT OF 1AM. THRGH �972, AS AMENDED. WHICH IS ADMM7ERED
BY THE OFFICE OF OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION.
THIS MAP. WAS GENERATED FROM INFORMATION AND MAPS CONTAINED
IN 'SOIL SURVEY OF DARE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA," UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE,
WASHIDEPARTMENT OFCPLANN PLANNING A D DEVELOPMENTFILE IN THE S. THIS MAPOF KILL DEVIL GENERILLS
ALLY
DEPICTS THE LOCATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SOIL TYPES FOUND IN THE
TOWN OF HILL DEVIL HILLS.
q1
w7� 1
y
l I i1
- a
-
i
11
Co
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IME
I •`i�L=i .NINII'd+'i�i��'�����''���N I=:II

7
BAY
ZEIAE 0
X
-Ale
Alf
Lj
TOWN OF
KILL DEVIL HILLS
DARE COUNTY, 111111 111111
H CAROLINA
oKAPw SCALE
600 0 ow I'm
I IN. - $00 FT. i0E!!nmm
SCALE IN fEET
A
)OrITI-y HAW BA
or/rrr HA W
c J, 1
D,
KILL
to,
A-1 I ­t
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7
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A IZANIW OCEAN
L
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OIL
j 4
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6A,v
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17, LLI 4�
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--I—` � � ' I � ,I �� i I It'1�'I �+ Il;l;il;il�l ,I ,' It II III'I" -_ I�
O(X.4N
LEGEND:
ZONE A NO BASE FLOOD ELEVATIONS DETERMINED
ZONE AE BASE FLOOD ELEVATION DETERMINED
ZONE VE COASTAL FLOOD WITH VELOCITY HAZARD
(WAVE ACTIONS); BASE FLOOD ELEVATIONS
DETERMINED
ZONE X AREAS DETERMINED TO BE OUTSIDE
500-YEAR FLOOD PLAIN
UNDEVELOPED COASTAL BARRIERS
IDENTIFIED 1990
MAP 4
FLOOD ZONES
0 ,11 -7
pI
fi
�I
9 Or I Nowilm
1 1" NIwnrarI1
vows
miliftioMM"1011990
PfOEPARATION Of THIS MAP W3 FVAWW IN PART
A ORMT PWVM 8Y YK
M7H C#ft*A CW
Poomw 7wow
WANA49NOt ACT 17 1971
S
OCEANIC AND ATMOWHMC AOMMIRAIM.
THIS IS NOT AN OFFICAL FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP (FIRM) AS
DISTRIBUTED BY THE FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (fEMA).
FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAPS. COMMUNITY
NUMBERS
375353 0001 C THROUGH 375
3 0001-0004, REVISED APRIL 2. '1993,
ARE ON FILE IN THE TOWN OF KILL DEVIL HILLS DEPARTMENT OF
PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT.
THE
1
r INE 01FM OF OOEM AM GOWAL REM" NAMAGEM&T,
NATIONAL
-PANEL
35
upp,
NOVA
,
MR.
Fo-777,7,, r
"'w
1�
- - 11 1. 11
_T-
it 10 1 f� �0� I 1 1 1 1 1 ......
17, LLI 4�
u 4 ji o"JL
I T
--I—` � � ' I � ,I �� i I It'1�'I �+ Il;l;il;il�l ,I ,' It II III'I" -_ I�
O(X.4N
LEGEND:
ZONE A NO BASE FLOOD ELEVATIONS DETERMINED
ZONE AE BASE FLOOD ELEVATION DETERMINED
ZONE VE COASTAL FLOOD WITH VELOCITY HAZARD
(WAVE ACTIONS); BASE FLOOD ELEVATIONS
DETERMINED
ZONE X AREAS DETERMINED TO BE OUTSIDE
500-YEAR FLOOD PLAIN
UNDEVELOPED COASTAL BARRIERS
IDENTIFIED 1990
MAP 4
FLOOD ZONES
0 ,11 -7
pI
fi
�I
9 Or I Nowilm
1 1" NIwnrarI1
vows
miliftioMM"1011990
PfOEPARATION Of THIS MAP W3 FVAWW IN PART
A ORMT PWVM 8Y YK
M7H C#ft*A CW
Poomw 7wow
WANA49NOt ACT 17 1971
S
OCEANIC AND ATMOWHMC AOMMIRAIM.
THIS IS NOT AN OFFICAL FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP (FIRM) AS
DISTRIBUTED BY THE FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (fEMA).
FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAPS. COMMUNITY
NUMBERS
375353 0001 C THROUGH 375
3 0001-0004, REVISED APRIL 2. '1993,
ARE ON FILE IN THE TOWN OF KILL DEVIL HILLS DEPARTMENT OF
PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT.
THE
1
r INE 01FM OF OOEM AM GOWAL REM" NAMAGEM&T,
NATIONAL
-PANEL
35
upp,
NOVA
,
MR.
Fo-777,7,, r
"'w
1�
it 10 1 f� �0� I 1 1 1 1 1 ......
17, LLI 4�
u 4 ji o"JL
I T
--I—` � � ' I � ,I �� i I It'1�'I �+ Il;l;il;il�l ,I ,' It II III'I" -_ I�
O(X.4N
LEGEND:
ZONE A NO BASE FLOOD ELEVATIONS DETERMINED
ZONE AE BASE FLOOD ELEVATION DETERMINED
ZONE VE COASTAL FLOOD WITH VELOCITY HAZARD
(WAVE ACTIONS); BASE FLOOD ELEVATIONS
DETERMINED
ZONE X AREAS DETERMINED TO BE OUTSIDE
500-YEAR FLOOD PLAIN
UNDEVELOPED COASTAL BARRIERS
IDENTIFIED 1990
MAP 4
FLOOD ZONES
0 ,11 -7
pI
fi
�I
9 Or I Nowilm
1 1" NIwnrarI1
vows
miliftioMM"1011990
PfOEPARATION Of THIS MAP W3 FVAWW IN PART
A ORMT PWVM 8Y YK
M7H C#ft*A CW
Poomw 7wow
WANA49NOt ACT 17 1971
S
OCEANIC AND ATMOWHMC AOMMIRAIM.
THIS IS NOT AN OFFICAL FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP (FIRM) AS
DISTRIBUTED BY THE FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (fEMA).
FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAPS. COMMUNITY
NUMBERS
375353 0001 C THROUGH 375
3 0001-0004, REVISED APRIL 2. '1993,
ARE ON FILE IN THE TOWN OF KILL DEVIL HILLS DEPARTMENT OF
PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT.
THE
1
r INE 01FM OF OOEM AM GOWAL REM" NAMAGEM&T,
NATIONAL
-PANEL
35
upp,
NOVA
,
MR.
Fo-777,7,, r
"'w
1�
pI
fi
�I
9 Or I Nowilm
1 1" NIwnrarI1
vows
miliftioMM"1011990
PfOEPARATION Of THIS MAP W3 FVAWW IN PART
A ORMT PWVM 8Y YK
M7H C#ft*A CW
Poomw 7wow
WANA49NOt ACT 17 1971
S
OCEANIC AND ATMOWHMC AOMMIRAIM.
THIS IS NOT AN OFFICAL FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP (FIRM) AS
DISTRIBUTED BY THE FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (fEMA).
FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAPS. COMMUNITY
NUMBERS
375353 0001 C THROUGH 375
3 0001-0004, REVISED APRIL 2. '1993,
ARE ON FILE IN THE TOWN OF KILL DEVIL HILLS DEPARTMENT OF
PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT.
THE
1
r INE 01FM OF OOEM AM GOWAL REM" NAMAGEM&T,
NATIONAL
-PANEL
35
upp,
NOVA
,
MR.
Fo-777,7,, r
"'w
1�
9 Or I Nowilm
1 1" NIwnrarI1
vows
miliftioMM"1011990
PfOEPARATION Of THIS MAP W3 FVAWW IN PART
A ORMT PWVM 8Y YK
M7H C#ft*A CW
Poomw 7wow
WANA49NOt ACT 17 1971
S
OCEANIC AND ATMOWHMC AOMMIRAIM.
THIS IS NOT AN OFFICAL FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP (FIRM) AS
DISTRIBUTED BY THE FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (fEMA).
FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAPS. COMMUNITY
NUMBERS
375353 0001 C THROUGH 375
3 0001-0004, REVISED APRIL 2. '1993,
ARE ON FILE IN THE TOWN OF KILL DEVIL HILLS DEPARTMENT OF
PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT.
THE
1
r INE 01FM OF OOEM AM GOWAL REM" NAMAGEM&T,
NATIONAL
-PANEL
35
upp,
NOVA
,
MR.
Fo-777,7,, r
"'w
1�
vows
miliftioMM"1011990
PfOEPARATION Of THIS MAP W3 FVAWW IN PART
A ORMT PWVM 8Y YK
M7H C#ft*A CW
Poomw 7wow
WANA49NOt ACT 17 1971
S
OCEANIC AND ATMOWHMC AOMMIRAIM.
THIS IS NOT AN OFFICAL FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP (FIRM) AS
DISTRIBUTED BY THE FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (fEMA).
FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAPS. COMMUNITY
NUMBERS
375353 0001 C THROUGH 375
3 0001-0004, REVISED APRIL 2. '1993,
ARE ON FILE IN THE TOWN OF KILL DEVIL HILLS DEPARTMENT OF
PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT.
THE
1
r INE 01FM OF OOEM AM GOWAL REM" NAMAGEM&T,
NATIONAL
-PANEL
35
upp,
NOVA
,
MR.
Fo-777,7,, r
"'w
1�
PfOEPARATION Of THIS MAP W3 FVAWW IN PART
A ORMT PWVM 8Y YK
M7H C#ft*A CW
Poomw 7wow
WANA49NOt ACT 17 1971
S
OCEANIC AND ATMOWHMC AOMMIRAIM.
THIS IS NOT AN OFFICAL FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP (FIRM) AS
DISTRIBUTED BY THE FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (fEMA).
FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAPS. COMMUNITY
NUMBERS
375353 0001 C THROUGH 375
3 0001-0004, REVISED APRIL 2. '1993,
ARE ON FILE IN THE TOWN OF KILL DEVIL HILLS DEPARTMENT OF
PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT.
THE
1
r INE 01FM OF OOEM AM GOWAL REM" NAMAGEM&T,
NATIONAL
-PANEL
35
upp,
NOVA
,
MR.
Fo-777,7,, r
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TOWN OF
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QRApl*C SCALE
am 1200
1 IN.. 600 FT. I
SCALE IN FEET
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THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN PART THROQQN
A GRANT PROVIDED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA COASTAL MANAGEMENT
PROGRAM, THROUGH FUNDS PROVIDED BY THE COASTAL ZONE,
MANAGEMENT ACT OF 197Z AS AMENDED, WHICH IS ADM"S7M
BY THE OFFICE OF OOEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHEIINC ADMINISTRATION.
ftuxTATION OF WETLANDS AND A.E.C.'S 9JA= ON ASMAL
PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION AND NOT ON ACTUAL GROUND
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AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN (A.E.C.)
AND FRAGILE AREAS
LEGEND:
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MAP 6
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