Land Use Plan Update-1997

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Preface
1
Participadng Local Government Officials
1 • Holden Beach Mayor and Board of Commissioners
1 • Holden Beach Planning & Zoning Board
• Holden Beach Town Manager
1 Authors:
1 This plan was initially contracted for preparation to Howard T. Capps & Associates, Inc. by the
local government of Holden Beach, for completion under a State of North Carolina financial
grant with funds being provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended by
1 the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration.
The plan was delayed in completion primarily due to a change in Town Managers at Holden
1 Beach, which coincided with election of a new Board of Commissioners for the town. This loss
in continuity made it necessary to extend the completion date of the contract well beyond the
1 time originally intended. A Final Draft of the Land Use Plan Update was prepared by the
contractor, approved for State review by the town Board of Commissioners and then submitted
to coastal management officials of the State of North Carolina for their review and comment.
1 Following receipt of comprehensive review comments from the State, and after conducting a
public meeting to discuss State comments with the Division of Coastal Management person
primarily responsible for approval of the final plan, it was determined by the Holden Beach
' Board of Commissioners that the Town of Holden Beach would be better served (considering
time constraints) if the plan was revised (based on State comments) by the Town Manager.
1 Accordingly, the Final Draft that was prepared by Capps & Associates was rewritten by the
Town Manager. That version is presented herein. It should be noted, however, that the basic
template and some of the important reference materials in the plan, as well as all of the maps and
1 original public participation processes were compiled, managed and prepared by Capps &
Associates. For that effort, the Town of Holden Beach is grateful.
1 Dedication: This version of the Holden Beach Land Use Plan is dedicated in memory of
Crawford Hart — a spirited proponent for protection of the fragile North Carolina coastal
1 environment, including the sea creatures that live off shore. May this plan be used to guide island
growth and development accordingly.

1
TABLE OF CONTENTS - HOLDEN BEACH NC LAND USE PLAN
'
4
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Overview:
4
Policy Statements of Particular Emphasis
5
'
Plan Summary
7
Land Classification Map
7
'
II. INTRODUCTION
8
III. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
8
'
IV. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS (PRESENT CONDITIONS)
8
A. Population — Economy Status and Trends
8
(1) Population Analysis and Trends:
10
'
(2) Economic Analysis and Trends:
10
(3) Summary of Population and Economy Trends:
12
'
B. Existing Land and Water Uses
12
(1) Land Use Discussion
12
(2) Location of Major Subdivisions Platted but Not Yet Fully Developed
14
(3) Number of Subdivisions Approved Since 1990 Land Use Plan
14
'
(4) Number of Building Permits Issued Since 1980
14
(5) Water Conditions/DEM Stream Classifications
15
(6) Water Quality Use Support (Identified by Division of Environmental Management)
18
'
(7) Watershed Boundaries
18
(8) Wetlands
19
(9) Primary and Secondary Nursery Areas
19
(10) Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW)
20
'
(11) Shellfish Beds
21
(12) Beds of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation
21
(13) Natural Heritage Protection Sites
21
(14) Significant Land and Water Use Compatibility Problems
22
'
(15) Major Problems Resulting from Unplanned Development
22
(16) Areas Experiencing or Likely to Experience Changes
22
'
C. Current Plans, Policies and Regulations
22
1. Transportation Plan
23
2. Community Facilities Plans
23
3. Water Supply Plans
23
'
4. Solid Waste Plans
24
5. Utility Extension Policy
24
'
6. Prior Land Use Plans and Policies
25
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 1

25
7.
National Flood Insurance Program
8.
Zoning
26
9.
Subdivision Regulations
26
'
10.
Floodway
27
11.
Building Code
27
12.
Septic Tanks
27
13.
Nuisance Ordinance
27
14.
Dune Protection (Erosion Control and Mitigation)
27
15.
Environmental Impact Ordinances
28
'
16.
17.
Storm Water Management Plan and Ordinance
Mobile Home Park Ordinance
29
29
D.
Constraints: Land Suitability
29
(1)
Physical Limitations for Development
30
(2)
Fragile Areas
34
(3)
Areas with Resource Potential
38
'
E.
Constraints: Community Services Capacity
38
(1)
Wastewater Management
38
(2)
Drinking Water Supply
39
(3)
Transportation
39
(4)
Other Community Facilities and Services
40
I
V. ESTIMATED DEMAND (POPULATION AND ECONOMIC ESTIMATES) 43
A.
Permanent Population
43
'
B.
Seasonal Population
45
C.
Local Objectives Concerning Growth
46
46
D.
Foreseeable Social and Economic Change
'
E.
Future Land Needs
47
F.
Community Facilities Demand
47
'
VI. POLICY STATEMENTS
48
Background
48
A.
Resource Protection
51
1.
Appropriate Land Use in Areas of Environmental Concern
51
'
2.
Constraints to Development in Flood Prone Areas, Soil Suitability and Septic Tank Use
52
3.
Protection of a Potable Water Supply
53
4.
Use of Package Treatment Plants
53
5.
Stormwater Management and Control
54
'
6.
Marinas, Floating Homes, Moorings, Mooring Fields, Dry Stack Facilities
55
7.
Upland Excavation for Marina Basins
55
8.
Industrial Impact on Fragile Areas
56
9.
Development of Sound and Estuarine System Islands
56
'
10.
Damage to Existing Marshes by Bulkhead Installation
57
11.
Surface Water Quality
58
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Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update
Page 2

B.
Resource Production and Management
58
1.
Commercial and Recreational Fisheries
59
2.
Off -Road Vehicles
60
3.
Residential and Commercial Development
60
C.
Economic and Community Development
61
1.
Community Attitude Toward Growth
61
2.
Local Commitment to Providing Services
62
3.
Growth Patterns Desired
63
4.
Redevelopment of Developed Areas
64
5.
Commitment to State and Federal Programs
65
6.
Tourism
66
8.
Public Beach and Waterfront Access
67
9.
Capital Improvements Plan
68
D.
Continuing Public Participation
68
E.
Storm Hazard Mitigation and Post Disaster Recovery and Evacuation Plans
69
1.
Storm Hazard Mitigation
70
2.
Evacuation Plans
71
3.
Post Disaster Recovery
72
VIi. LAND CLASSIFICATION 72
A. Land Classification Definitions 73
1. Developed 73
2. Low Density Development Area 74
3. Conservation 74
B. Land Classification Map 75
VIII. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION 76
IX. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION DURING LAND USE PLAN UPDATE 76
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 3

7
1
TOWN OF HOLDEN BEACH
1997 Land Use Plan Update
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Overview:
The Town of Holden Beach is located along the southeastern coast of the State of North
Carolina on a barrier island (the limits of the town essentially being the island proper).
This Land Use Plan Update provides a comprehensive analysis of present and estimated
future social, economic, and land/water resources of Holden Beach.
' The plan takes an inventory of current town resources (as they were in 1997 and early
1998), examines how they have been altered since the last Land Use Plan Update in 1990,
and then looks forward in time as to what might be expected over a five to ten year
' planning period.
An important part of this Land Use Plan Update is the "community vision" statement that
' was adopted by the Town's Board of Commissioners in early 1998. The statement was
based on comment and recommendations received from property owners and residents of
the town. It reads as follows:
"By the year 2008, Holden Beach, North Carolina, will have utilized
available resources to maximize its full potential (within local, state and
federal guidelines), to remain a tight -knit, wholesome family community that
continuously focuses its present and long-range planning, economic and
developmental efforts to protect and sustain:
• its recreational beach,
• its residential character and natural resources,
• and the supporting services of the Town (public and private)
for the next generation of Town property owners and residents."
Using the vision statement as a guide, the plan examines expected growth of the
community, balances that growth with the need to preserve and protect the fragile natural
environment in which the town is located, and then lists several important policy
statements pertaining to land use planning.
The policy statements are categorized as:
A. Resource Protection
B. Resource Production and Management
C. Economic and Community Development
I
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 4

D. Continuing Public Participation '
E. Storm Hazard Mitigation
Policy Statements of Particular Emphasis
The following policy statements presented in detail in the Land Use Plan involve priority '
issues for the Town of Holden Beach during the planning period:
Appropriate Land Use in Areas of Environmental Concern '
Part a: It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to conserve and manage estuarine '
waters, coastal wetlands, public trust areas, and shorelines, as an interrelated group of
AECs, so as to safeguard and perpetuate their biological, social, economic, and
aesthetic values and to ensure that development occurring within the AECs is ,
compatible with natural characteristics so as to minimize the likelihood of significant
loss of private property and public resources.
Part b: It is also thepolicy o the Town o Holden Beach (following the above '
P c1' .f .f (f g
rationale) to properly and effectively manage development inside or adjacent to 404
wetlands, hazardous and other environmentally fragile areas. ,
Stormwater Management and Control
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to control Stormwater runoff resulting '
from land development. The intent of regulations and procedures in that regard is to
assure that stormwater is controlled within tl:e limits of individual property under '
development so that storm runoff does not adversely affect adjacent property, and so
that none directly flows into coastal waters — ocean or waterway.
Surface Water Quality'
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to seek improved stormwater runoff and '
other development standards and management procedures which will protect and
enhance the water quality of the estuarine and ocean system. ,
Residential and Commercial Development
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to continue to support primarily '
residential development on the island, while limiting any additional commercial
development to the existing commercial zone. The town does not support increasing the
size of the commercial zone. '
Community Attitude Toward Growth '
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to manage the Town's growth and
development in balance with the environment and the provision of municipal services, '
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 5 '

and consistent with the community vision statement. All new development and
redevelopment will adhere to the Town's building and development regulations and to
the density requirements set forth in the Zoning Ordinance.
Growth Patterns Desired
' It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to limit building height below 35 feet. It
also the policy of the town to work to lower building density on undeveloped property on
' the island, and to prevent the expansion of the commercial zone while restricting new
development in those zones to architectural standards set by the Board of
Commissioners. The tows: will enforce state and local regulations involving
' development in or adjacent to conservation zones, and set their preservation as a long
term objective.
Redevelopment of Developed Areas
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach that homes and other structures may be
redeveloped (rebuilt) on the same property as a result of coastal storms or other reasons,
so long as they are not damaged beyond 50% of their value. If damages exceed 50% of
value, then redevelopment on the same property must meet town and state requirements
' pertaining to hazard setback, and septic tank installation. Structures may be moved off
property subject to erosion and relocated elsewhere so long as that movement meets the
' requirements of the town ordinance and building code. It is also the policy of the town
that homes damaged as a result of erosion: or coastal storms may be considered a public
nuisance and may be subject to removal at the property owner's expense.
' Commitment to State and Federal Proizrams
It is the policy of the Tows: of Holden Beach to support state and federal programs such
as coastal area management, erosion control and mitigation, public recreational access,
highway and road improvements, dredging (channel maintenance and beach
' renourishment), and other similar programs that may be appropriate for the town. More
specifically, the tows: strongly supports the efforts of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
to study the effects of reorientation of the Lockwoods Folly Inlet, and to develop an
' engineering plan to renourish a large percentage of beach areas on the island. The
town understands the need for Corps of Engineers maintenance dredging of adjacent
waters, but seeks to control dredging so it does not directly or indirectly increase beach
' or waterway erosion on the island. In all dredging cases, resulting spoil should be
located on the island so as to mitigate the effects of past erosion or to prevent additional
erosion.
' Tourism
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to support and promote tourism as an
essential economic activity having direct positive economic impact on future
development.
IHolden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 6

Public Beach and Waterfront Access
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to support the use of CAMA access grants '
to improve beach and Intracoastal Waterway access for all residents and public
visitors. In that regard, Holden Beach supports the establishment of "No Parking" '
zones along the selected road rights -of -way, and to increase public frontal dune
walkways and ramps at selected points along the beach front. The Town will seek to
acquire land for additional beach access locations, and to construct as many ,
accessways as possible in accordance with American Disabilities Act standards. The
town will also seek to provide sufficient Intracoastal Waterway access.
Capital Improvements Plan '
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to prepare a Five -Year Capital '
Improvements Plan prior to preparing the 1999-2000 operating budget.
Plan Summary '
The plan next discusses the need for continued public participation and contains a '
summary of comments and opinions received from residents and property owners during
the Land Use Plan development process. Public participation is important to the plan, and
the percentage of people who participated (based on the number asked) was above 50% --
which is considered excellent property owner representation. Lastly, but certainly no less
important than other sections, the plan discusses storm hazard mitigation, storm
preparedness and evacuation plans for the island. I
Land Classification Map '
The plan contains a Land Classification Map, that was developed after summarizing all
parameters presented in the plan. That map will eventually be used as a guide for ,
development and zoning decisions and (perhaps) to update the town's Official Zoning
Map.
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 7 1

7
' II. INTRODUCTION
Holden Beach is located on a narrow barrier island in the southeast portion of
' Brunswick County along the southernmost reaches of North Carolina's coastal
plain. In 1974 the State of North Carolina established a cooperative program
between local governments like Holden Beach and the State, to manage
' development and growth of those areas through the Coastal Resources
Commission (CRC).
' The CRC determined that land use planning lies at the center of a local
government's oversight and control. This gives local leaders an opportunity and
responsibility to establish and enforce policies that will guide the development of
their community. While regulations, land acquisition, education and other
management tools will continue to play an important role, the CRC determined
that land use planning offers the best chance for developing a common vision and
' goals for the future in order to appropriately balance economic development and
resource protection that is necessary for maintaining an overall healthy coastal
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area.
Proper land use planning provides opportunities for analysis of the implications of
various development alternatives; allows meaningful involvement of citizens in
discussing the future of their community; and provides a chance for local elected
officials to make clear public policy choices for the future that help guide public
and private investments. Land use planning is an important tool for effectively
addressing the many complicated issues that face areas with high growth.
III. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
The primary goal and objective in preparing this update to Holden Beach's Land
Use Plan is to define a realistic and achievable vision for the community and to
provide a plan that can'guide efforts resulting in the attainment of that vision —
over the five- to ten-year planning period.
This process includes formal establishment of land use policy and strategy to
implement that policy. It focuses on retaining the residential character of the
island, while at the same time allowing for desired community development,
growth and retention of appropriate municipal support services.
IV DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS (PRESENT CONDITIONS
A. Population — Economy Status and Trends
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 8

The population of Holden Beach on any given day is the sum of
permanent residents living on the island year -around, seasonal visitors
such as property owners who do not rent their homes and visit the island
periodically, those who rent residential property (or stay at the
campground) for relatively short periods of time, and those from the
mainland who arrive daily for recreational and other purposes. In that
regard, consider the following:
• each non -rental home had (on average during the year) two
residents;
• peak seasonal overnight population is estimated based on the
assumption that the average rental unit has four bedrooms with a
capacity of two per bedroom, and;
• daily visitors are constrained by the number of parking spaces on
the island which is estimated to be 400, and;
• each vehicle is assumed to have four occupants on average — thus,
peak daily visitors are estimated at 1600, and;
• the island campground has 55 spaces with an average of 4 persons
per space — thus 220 people on average for peak overnight load.
Exhibit 1 shows a summary of data associated with these components of
Holden Beach's population from 1980 through 1997. Peak seasonal
population is estimated by taking permanent population, plus people in
rental units, plus daily visitors, plus campground unit visitors. .
Exhibit 1
Population Component
Permanent Population
1980
232
1990
626
1995
782
1997
816
Peak Seasonal Population Jul -Au
9340
12934
14114
14444
Number of Residential Units Total
1027
1624
1830
1884
Number of Residential Units on -rental
116
313
391
408
Number of Residential Units(Rental)
911
1311
1439
1476
Sources:
1996 Brunswick County Data, 1990 Census of Population 1995
and 1996, Estimate from N.C. Office of State Planning, U.S.
Census of Population & Housing 1980 and 1990
NC State Office of Planning, Town of Holden Beach Building
Inspections Department, 1990 Land Use Plan — Holden Beach
Holden Beach Sewer Committee, 1994-1998
1
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 9 1

'
(1) Population Analysis and Trends:
Examination of the demographics of the population of Holden Beach is
'
more significant for planning purposes when the non -rental population is
considered. For example, peak seasonal rental and daily visitors are
generally much younger than are the town's non -rental residents — many
'
of whom are in semi or fully retired status. Those permanent residents who
are not semi or fully retired are in their 30's and 40's and are generally
employed by local (within a 40 mile radius) businesses of some sort.
'
Holden Beach's permanent population demographics are similar to Ocean
Isle Beach and Sunset Beach who have essentially the same "residential"
character. However, based on a drive -through inspection Holden Beach
'
has significantly less commercial activity (on -island businesses) compared
to these two nearby towns. In fact, Holden Beach in 1997 had less on -
'
island business activity than it did ten years prior. Clearly, Holden Beach
has developed it's "residential" character by design.
population
It is projected that the residential character of Holden Beach will not
'
significantly change during the planning period. The growth trend in
residential homes depicted above is expected to continue at a similar rate
(approximately 50 new home starts per year). Based on past trends, the
largest majority of these new homes will be of a rental nature, and the
peak seasonal population will thus continue to grow each year based on
having more available homes to rent. The permanent population, however,
'
may not grow at the same rate associated with new home development.
Since the island's property owners have expressed a desire for slow
(limited) commercial growth, it can be expected that this may be a factor
t
when a property owner decides whether or not to reside permanently on
the island. However, the number of permanent residents will certainly
'
increase over the planning period, since the inviting nature of the
community will appeal to many.
'
(2) Economic Analysis and Trends:
The Ad Valorem tax base of the island has grown steadily since 1980, to
approximately $300 million in 1997. Most of that tax base is associated
with single and multi -family homes — both rental and otherwise. Per capita
income for property owners is higher than that for those who live outside
town limits. Many permanent residents on Holden Beach are on fixed
income retirement plans, while others who are semi -retired supplement
retirement income with part-time or full-time jobs.
'
A new home built on Holden Beach in 1997 averaged well over $150,000,
and in many cases along the waterway or oceanfront averaged over
I
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 10

,
$250,000. Older homes may no longer have a mortgage, but some older
homes are frequently remodeled or moved to a new location with possibly
a new mortgage. The latter "re -development" nature of the island is
'
important to consider, because as one generation of property owners
passes along their wealth to descendants, more opportunity for change
exists. As older homes are remodeled or rebuilt, the tax value of the
,
property increases, thereby adding to the overall tax base for the
community.
,
In 1997, the commercial activity on the island included several real estate
property rental and development offices, a small marina, three variety
stores, ocean front fishing pier, pizza parlor and ocean front RV camp site.
,
A large percentage of the island's platted land has been developed in some
way. It was recently estimated in updates to the Town's Water Supply
'
Plan and planning associated with development of a sewer system that the
available land will be largely developed by the year 2020 (at the current
rate of growth). As the population grows with the development of land, so
'
will the demand to provide support services — both municipal and
commercial (a wastewater collection system being of prime concern).
,
However, roe owners are expected to continue to resist commercial
,p property p
growth but may be willing to accept some new businesses (such as
restaurants and service oriented establishments). Commercial growth will
be limited during the planning period to those areas presently zoned
"commercial".
'
Associated with the resistance to commercial growth is a strong desire by
property owners to protect the fragile natural environment of the island.
Much of the island's vacant land is currently zoned "conservation" and
'
(unless re -zoned or changed naturally in some way) will remain
undeveloped. There has been and will continue to be strong resistance on
the part of property owners to reduce the amount of conservation land, and
'
many will seek to increase the size of the conservation zones.
Thus, as land suitable for residential construction is developed, and as
property owners seek to limit commercial growth while at the same time
voicing strong support for environmental protection, the economic growth
of the island will be centered primarily on tourist and coastal recreational
related activities.
While commercial growth on the island will be limited during the
planning period, examination of growth trends for Brunswick County
indicates that the area between Holden Beach and Shallotte, and Holden '
Beach and Supply may see some commercial growth and certainly more
residential growth. Also, a 1-mile area along the "causeway" between the
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 11 1

bridge to Holden Beach and NC 130 will remain the center of commercial
activity supporting a portion of the service needs of those on the island.
While that area is outside the city limits, there is a desire on the part of
many in the town to review the advantages and disadvantages to take Extra
Territorial Jurisdiction (ETJ) over that area. Should that occur, the
residential character of the island would remain; however, there would be
a much greater commercial zone across the Intracoastal Waterway on the
mainland.
(3) Summary of Population and Economy Trends:
Holden Beach has grown rapidly in terms of number of homes, population
and overall economy since the last Land Use Plan Update (1990). It is
anticipated that this growth will continue to the same degree during the
planning period. The island will continue to orient it's planning and capital
improvements to support the residential nature of the town, and will not
see any significant growth in commercial activity (unless ETJ action is
approved). Holden Beach's growth will be joined by similar growth
throughout Brunswick County — especially that for beach communities.
The region will remain highly attractive to retirees and others seeking the
advantages of living along the Atlantic Ocean in North Carolina.
'
Land Water Uses
B. Existing and
'
(1) Land Use Discussion
Existing land use on Holden Beach continues to be predominantly single
'
family residential in nature. A review of the current zoning map reflects
seven areas along this eight -mile long beach community zoned R-2, which
allows medium density residential or multi -family use. There are five
'
areas zoned for commercial use, with much of that use concentrated
around the bridge to the mainland.
'
The western end of the beach is a private development with access gate.
This area had approximately 20 lots developed since the previous land
classification map was prepared in 1991, leaving relatively few lots
'
remaining to be developed on both the ocean and sound side of Ocean
View Boulevard West.
' Approximately 53 additional residential structures have been built
between Straw Flower cul-de-sac to Sailfish Drive since the 1991 land
classification map was completed. In comparison, between Sailfish Drive
' and Boyd Street, approximately 76 residential structures have been built
during this time.
I
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 12

From Boyd Street to the eastern end of the island, approximately 83 new
residential structures have been built since the 1991 survey. Significant on
the island east of the bridge are three new subdivisions currently in
development — Wild Dunes near the bridge, Winding River on Holden
Beach near Old Ferry Road, and Dunescape at the extreme east end.
Continual ocean -front erosion along the entire length of the island has
caused a loss of numerous homes and structures since the last land use
plan update was prepared. These losses have been especially significant
from the bridge -head eastward. Much of Hillside Drive east of the bridge-
head was lost; however, room for an "alleyway" remains today. The
eastward -most portion of Ocean View Boulevard has been closed to
vehicular traffic, and McCray Steer constructed further landward to
replace that road. Homes that were "second -row" along a large stretch of
that portion of the beach are today considered "first -row." Several homes
were destroyed at the extreme east end of the island as a result of tropical
storms in 1996. Beach erosion has significantly altered the geography and
land use potential of major portions of the island, and the threat of
continued erosion along the entire ocean front remains today.
Water uses at Holden Beach occur primarily along the Intracoastal
Waterway and consist of private piers and docks, canal access and a
marina located between the bridge and Old Ferry Road east of the bridge.
There is a long, private pier over the marsh to the Intracoastal Waterway at
Marsh -Walk -by -the -Sea on the western end of the island. There is canal
access at the end of Sand Dollar Drive and Scotch Bonnet Drive, as well
as Greensboro Street and High Point Street. There are 10 private piers
along waterfront lots along Sand Dune Lane at Sea Oats Acres
subdivision. There is one short pier adjacent to Brunswick Avenue West at
Sand Dune Lane and eight private piers north of Lois Avenue.
Water use along the ocean front includes the beach, one fishing pier
located near Durham Street at the western end of the beach approximately
1.5 miles from the bridge. There are 17 CAMA beach access areas
available to the public along the ocean front, distributed over most of the
island. Parking near CAMA access points is limited; however there is a
large parking area near the bridge that can accommodate well over 150
vehicles. There is a short walk from that area to a CAMA beach access
point. There are no beach access areas specifically designed for
handicapped people or others with disabilities. However, the town has
submitted an application for a Grant to provide State funds to construct
such an access next to the large parking area under the bridge.
7
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Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 13 1

H
(2) Location of Major Subdivisions Platted but Not Yet Fully Developed
Heron Landing, located east of Swordfish Drive in the western section of
the Beach is under development. Phase One of the development contains
seven lots, while Phase Two contains 15. Winding River on Holden Beach
subdivision is located west of Old Ferry Road. This development with 39
lots is under development. It will contain both a waterway private access
area, and public beach access point, with private beach club. Wild Dunes
Subdivision near the bridgehead has several new homes under
construction between the waterway and Brunswick Avenue east.
Dunescape Private Subdivision at the extreme east end of the island is
being developed with 58 large lots on both the ocean front and Waterway
side of the island. There is a private amenity section to the subdivision that
contains tennis courts, volleyball court, basketball court and swimming
pool.
Two other new developments that have been constructed since the last
Land Use Plan Update include Marker Fifty -Five with 16 lots and Yacht
Watch with 44 lots. The former contains two tennis courts and a
swimming pool.
(3) Number of Subdivisions Approved Since 1990 Land Use Plan
Since the 1990 Land Use Plan was prepared, six major subdivisions have
been approved (see above).
(4) Number of Building Permits Issued Since 1980
Exhibit 2
Building Permits for Holden Beach, North Carolina
1980 — July 1997
Source: 1980 —1994 U. S. Bureau of Census
1995 — July 1997 Holden Beach Building Inspector
Three- or
Five- or
Sin le-
Two-
Four-
More
Demo -
Family
Family
Family
FamilE
lition
1980
27
2
2
—
—
1981
96
1982
59
—
—
—
—
1983
110
6
2
—
1
1984
94
15
3
—
2
1985
86
6
3
—
—
1986
30
9
—
—
—
1987
45
14
—
—
3
1988
38
8
—
—
3
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update
Page 14

1989
41
3 -
- 6
1990
42
5 -
- 21
1991
59
4 -
- 9
1992
48
3 -
- 18
1993
60
3 -
- -
1994
55
1 -
- -
1995
53
1 -
- -
1996
54
- -
- 12
1997
35
=
Total
1,032
80 10
1 75
Based on census data and local building inspection information, there have
been built 1,123 housing units in Holden Beach between January 1, 1980
and August 1, 1997. Of these 1,123 units, 1,032 are single-family, which
represents 91.8% of all housing units built at Holden Beach since 1980.
This ratio of single-family to multi -family is well within the community's
desire to remain a single-family residential community.
(5) Water Conditions/DEM Stream Classifications
Based on the Water Quality Use Classes Map prepared by DCM and dated
September 25, 1996, the Holden Beach planning area contains two water
classifications. Along the Intracoastal Waterway from the Shallotte River
Inlet on the west to the Lockwoods Folly Inlet on the east, the waters are
classified SA. The Atlantic Ocean along the southern boundary of Holden
Beach is classified SB waters.
The Division of Environmental Management has established primary
classifications for coastal waters with saltwater quality characteristics. SB
waters have the following characteristics:
Best Uses • Primary recreation activities such as
swimming, which occur on a
frequent or organized basis;
• plus SC Best Uses (aquatic life
propagation, secondary recreation
such as fishing and boating)
Max. F. Coli. • Not to exceed 200 (geometric mean
Counts (No./100 of 5 consecutive samples in a 30 day
m1.) period); and
• 400 in 20% of samples
Wastewater No categorical restrictions. However,
Discharges DEM may prohibit discharges on a
case -by -case basis for protection of
water quality
H
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 15 1

IL
SB construction and development characteristics include:
Dredge and Fill Refer to Supplemental Classification,
Activities and to the N.C. Division of Coastal
Management, N.C. Division of
Marine Fisheries, and N.C. Shellfish
Sanitation Branch.
Erosion and • Standard erosion protection and
Sedimentation sedimentation control required for
Control Rules projects greater than 1 acre.
• Required to manage 10-year storm
runoff.
• Refer to the N. C. Division of Land
Resources.*
Recreational Protected for:
Activities • Swimming, snorkeling, etc.
• Marina development, depending on
local fishery and swimming
activities.
• Recreational fishing and water craft.
SB stormwater control (when CAMA Major Development or
Sedimentation and Erosion Control Permits are required):
Min. Buffer Low DensityOption
Requirements 30 ft. from surface waters
Min. Built -upon Low DensityOption
Restrictions 30%
Engineered Controls
N/A
Min. Residential Low DensityOption
Lot Size 1/3 acre
Engineered Controls
N/A
Engineered • Infiltration and detention ponds
Control Systems allowed.
• Systems must control runoff from
1.0 inch of rainfall.
• Refer to Coastal Stormwater Rules
for specific design information.
I
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 16

SA waters have the following characteristics:
Best Use • Commercial shellfish harvesting;
• Primary recreation involving
swimming on a frequent or
organized basis;
• plus SC Best Uses (see above).
Max. F. Coli. • Not to exceed 14; and
Counts (7V6./100 • 43 in 10% of samples.
ml.)
Wastewater Domestic discharges are prohibited.
Discharges
SA construction and development characteristics include:
Dredge and Fill Refer to Supplemental Classification,
Activities and to the N.C. Division of Coastal
Management, N.C. Division of
Marine Fisheries and N.C. Shellfish
Sanitation Branch.
Erosion and The Sedimentation Control Commission
Sedimentation has as many as five increased design
Control Rules standards for projects in all HQW
zones. See Sedimentation Control
Rules for Design Standards in
Sensitive Watersheds (15A NCAC
4B.0024).*
Recreational Protected for:
Activities • Swimming, snorkeling, etc.
• Marina development, depending on
local fisheries and swimming areas.
• Recreational fishing, shellfishing
and water craft.
SA stormwater control (when CAMA Major Development or
Sedimentation and Erosion Control Permits are required):
Min. Buffer
Requirements
Low Density Option
30 ft. from surface waters.
n
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 17 1

u
Min. Built -upon
Restrictions
Min. Residential
Lot Size
Low Density Option
25%
Engineered Controls
N/A
Low Density Option
1/3 acre
Engineered Controls
N/A
Engineered • Infiltration systems allowed.
Control Systems • System must control runoff from 1.5
inches of rainfall.
Refer to Coastal Stormwater Rules
for specific design information.
*Turbidity limited to 25 NTU's.
(6) Water Quality Use Support (Identified by Division of Environmental
Management)
Based on the Water Quality Supplemental Classes Map by DCM
(Division of Coastal Management) dated September 25, 1996,
there are no high quality waters designated in the Holden Beach
jurisdiction.
The Water Quality Concerns map by DCM dated September 25,
1996, reflects closed shellfish waters at Saucepan Creek, which is
located west of the Holden Beach watershed, and a point source
discharge located on the western side of the Shallotte River, also
outside the waters adjacent to Holden Beach.
(7) Watershed Boundaries
The Watersheds Map for Holden Beach prepared by DCM and
dated September 26, 1996, shows two watershed areas for the
beach. Intracoastal Waterway area 03040207020080 is located
from the N.C. 130 bridge west to the Shallotte River Inlet.
Intracoastal Waterway area 0304027020050 is located from the
N.C. 130 bridge to the Lockwoods Folly Inlet at the eastern end of
the island.
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use, Plan Update Page 18

(8) Wetlands
'
The Wetlands Map for Holden Beach dated September 26, 1996,
and prepared by DCM using data from the National Wetlands
Inventory reflects four types of wetlands present on Holden Beach.
'
Estuarine Emergent Wetlands (EE Wetlands) are located primarily
at the western end of Holden Beach adjacent to the Intracoastal
'
Waterway and west of Sailfish Drive. There is also a small area
located between the northern edge of Sailfish and Swordfish Drive
and the Intracoastal Waterway. The next area of EE Wetlands is
'
located between the northern edge of Highpoint Street and the
Intracoastal Waterway and along the Intracoastal Waterway
between Highpoint Street and the western side of Boyd Street. The
'
last section of EE Wetlands is located at the eastern end of the
island adjacent to the Intracoastal Waterway on the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway right-of-way.
'
Small areas of Estuarine Woody Wetlands (EW Wetlands) occur
west of Sailfish Drive, between Highpoint Street and Boyd Street
'
and between South Bonnet Drive and Greensboro Street. A very
small area of EW Wetlands also occurs on the north side of
Greensboro Street right-of-way. The last EW Wetlands are located
'
at the eastern end of the island on Corps of Engineers easement
area.
'
The onlyFreshwater Emergent Wetlands on Holden Beach are
g
located just west of Sand Dollar Drive on land managed by the
Army Corps Engineers.
'
of
Freshwater Woody Wetlands are located at the eastern end of the I
island and north of Ocean View Boulevard East.
(9) Primary and Secondary Nursery Areas
,
Fisheries nursery areas have been designated by the State of North
Carolina, "to establish and protect those fragile estuarine areas
which support juvenile populations of economically important
'
seafood species ..." (NCAC 3N .0001). The N. C. Division of
Marine Fisheries rules define nursery areas as follows:
'
(a) Nursery areas are defined as those areas in which for reasons
such as food, cover, bottom type, salinity, temperature and other
,
factors, young fin -fish and crustaceans spend the major portion of
their initial growing season.
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 19 1

(b) Primary nursery areas are those areas in the estuarine system
'
where initial post -larval development takes place. These areas are
usually located in the uppermost sections of a system where
'
populations are uniformly very early juveniles.
(c) Secondary nursery areas are those areas in the estuarine system
'
where later juvenile development takes place. Populations are
usually composed of developing sub -adults of similar size which
have migrated from an upstream primary nursery area to the
'
secondary nursery area located in the middle portion of the
estuarine system (NCAC 3N .0002).
' Special secondary nursery areas may be opened by special
proclamation by the Fisheries Director to trawl net use for shrimp
or crab trawling during certain parts of the year.
While the water areas surrounding Holden Beach serve these
purposes, none has been specifically designated so by the state of
' North Carolina.
(10) Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW)
'
Outstanding Resource Waters are those estuarine waters and public
trust areas classified by the N. C. Environmental Management
Commission pursuant to Title 15A, Subchapter 2B .0216 of the N.
C. Administrative Code as Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW)
upon finding that such waters are of exceptional State or national
'
recreational or ecological significance. In those estuarine waters
and public trust areas classified as ORW by the Environmental
Management Commission (EMC), no permit required by the
'
Coastal Area Management Act shall be approved for any project
which would be inconsistent with applicable use standards adopted
by the CRC, EMC, or Marine Fisheries Commission (MFC) for
'
estuarine waters, public trust areas, or coastal wetlands. For
development activities not covered by specific use standards, no
permit shall be issued if the activity would, based on site specific
'
information, materially degrade the water quality or outstanding
resource values unless such degradation is temporary.
'
Holden Beach does not have any ORW waters in the Town's
planning jurisdiction.
I
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 20

(12)
(13)
Shellfish Beds
Shellfish (oysters, clams and mussels) can only be taken from
waters that are designated as class "SA" by the Division of Water
Quality and as "Approved" or "Conditionally Approved" for shell -
fishing by the Division of Marine Fisheries. The Shellfish
Sanitation Branch of the Division of Environmental Health
conducts sanitary surveys of coastal waters to determine if an area
is suitable for shellfish harvesting. Recommendation is made to the
Division of Marine Fisheries to open or close shell -fishing waters.
Information on the status of waters open for shellfish harvesting
can be obtained through the Shellfish Sanitation branch (Morehead
City) of the Division of Environmental Health.
All of the waters along the Intracoastal Waterway within the Town
of Holden Beach Town Limits are designated'SA' waters. Thus,
they are open to the taking of shell -fish. At various times of the
year, however, these areas may be temporarily closed by the State
of North Carolina for environmental or public health reasons.
Beds of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation
Beds of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) are those habitats in
public trust and estuarine waters vegetated with one or more
species of submergent vegetation. These vegetation beds occur in
both subtidal and intertidal zones and may occur in isolated
patches or cover extensive areas. In either case, the bed is defined
by the presence of above -ground leaves or the below -ground
rhizomes and propagules. In defining SAV's, the CRC recognizes
the Aquatic Weed Control Act of 1991 (G.S. 113A-220 et. seq.)
and does not intend the SAV definition and its implementing rules
to apply to or conflict with the non -development control activities
authorized by that Act.
There are no specifically designated SAV areas along Holden
Beach.
Natural Heritage Protection Sites
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program of the Division of
Parks and Recreation works to identify and facilitate protection of
the most ecologically significant natural areas remaining in the
State. Natural areas may be identified because they provide
important habitat for rare species or because they contain
outstanding examples of the rich natural diversity of this State.
1
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 21 1

I
Based on the Sensitive Habitats Map prepared by DCM dated
' September 25, 1996, there are no known Natural Heritage
Protection Sites on Holden Beach.
'
(14) Significant Land and Water Use Compatibility Problems
There are no significant compatibility problems between land and
'
water use on the island; however, there is obvious potential loss of
tax base revenue due to continual erosion of private property along
portions of the ocean front. Public property, specifically state -
maintained Ocean View Boulevard, is also at risk as the high tide
water mark continues its northward migration.
'
(15) Major Problems Resulting from Unplanned Development
The dependence upon septic tanks for sewage disposal adjacent to
'
SA waters (water suitable for shellfish harvesting) has the potential
to pollute canals and the Intracoastal Waterway. Pollution of these
adjacent waters could have a significant negative effect on the
'
estuarine water and habitat.
' (16) Areas Experiencing or Likely to Experience Changes
Due to beach erosion from the 800 block east to the end of the
island, some homes south of Ocean View Boulevard may require
relocation during the five-year planning period. Marsh views from
the south side of Ocean View Boulevard near the center of the
island may be lost as lots develop on the north side of the road, and
block the current views.
Current Plans, Policies and Regulations
The municipal staff for the Town of Holden Beach helps to develop and
execute the Town's Board of Commissioners' plans, policies, procedures
and ordinances that apply to the operation of the town. The full-time staff
consists of a Town Manager, Town Clerk, Administrative Officer
(primarily responsible for tax collection and financial operations),
Building Inspections Department of three personnel, Public Works
Department of five personnel, and a Police Department with six personnel.
Part-time employees consist of one Auxiliary Police Officer and two
Courtesy Patrol personnel working under the supervision of the Public
Works Director.
Under the overall direction of the Town Manager, town employees
perform municipal support services, code enforcement, and law
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 22

enforcement duties. There are several formal plans that guide these
operations — one being the Land Use Plan.
Working in conjunction and coordination with the Town's Planning &
Zoning Board, Board of Adjustment and Board of Commissioners, the
Town Manager and Building Inspector are most involved with actions that
involve land usage. In each instance, the Town Manager and Building
Inspector (assisted by the Local CAMA Permit Officer) assure compliance
with local, state and federal regulations that apply to coastal area
management.
The current municipal staffing level is not expected to decrease during the
planning period — however, there may be recommendations put forth to
increase the staff to include a larger Police force, and a Budget and
Planning Officer. Additional Police might be necessary, for example, if the
town decided to extend ETJ per discussion in Part IV B (2) of this plan
update.
Town plans that may affect land use planning include:
1. Transportation Plan
Holden Beach has a Thoroughfare Plan that was adopted on June
12, 1988. This plan is currently being updated by Brunswick
County and DOT and should be available during 1998.
2. Community Facilities Plans
Holden Beach does not presently have a Community Facilities
Plan. However, the town has approved development of a Five -Year
Capital Improvements Plan beginning in 1998 that will include
financial planning data affecting all capital expenditures in the
town. Examples include sewer infrastructure, stormwater
management, water distribution, streets and sidewalks, parks and
recreation, and beach strand maintenance/restoration.
3. Water Supply Plans
Chapter 51 of the Holden Beach Town Code requires that all
habitable dwellings located within the corporate limits of the Town
have a potable public water supply. A separate meter is required
for all but very few dwelling units, office or other business or
commercial use. The Brunswick County water system sells water
wholesale to Holden Beach which in turn charges property owners.
The water distribution system is well documented and maintained
by town personnel. There is currently one main waterline coming
u
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 23 1

Ii
to the island from Brunswick County. An approved capital project
is underway to add an additional line to the island on the west end
of the town.
During the planning period, there may be discussion and possible
action by Town Commissioners to dedicate the town's water
distribution system to the County. Prior to that happening,
however, there is a need for detailed analysis of the advantages and
disadvantages of such action.
The town recently updated its State -mandated Water Supply Plan
for 1998, and will do so again during the planning period.
4. Solid Waste Plans
Brunswick County provides county -wide solid waste collection
once weekly on Holden Beach. The town supplements that
collection (at town expense) for a second pick-up from June
through October. The County service was developed as a result of
the closure of the County landfill site, and the need to transport
solid waste to another county for disposal. Holden Beach has a
small recycle collection center that accepts (year -around) recycle -
able materials such as bottles, cans, and newspaper.
The town is now much more integrated with the County in terms of
solid waste planning as a result of these new developments. This is
not expected to change during the planning period.
' 5. Utility Extension Policy
The Code of Ordinances for Holden Beach, Chapter 51, contains
policy for water services on Holden Beach. The code requires all
habitable dwellings located within the Corporate Limits of the
Town to have potable public water. Wells on Holden Beach can
' only be used for washing cars, watering lawns and gardens and
similar purposes.
' For extension of water distribution lines, a "developer" must use
the following procedure:
(a) The developer will submit plans for reviews and
approval by the Town, its engineer and the Division of
Health Services.
' (b) The developer will install the lines in accordance
with the approved plans.
I
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 24

6.
7.
(c) Upon completion of the new extension including all
required testing, the developer will deed the completed
facility, to include all rights -of -way, easements, permits,:
franchises, and authorizations or other instruments needed
for the operation and maintenance of the facility, to the
Town. The Town will not reimburse the developer for the
extension.
Prior Land Use Plans and Policies
The 1990 CAMA Land Use Plan adopted by the Town of Holden
Beach on March 18, 1992, will remain in effect until adoption of
this latest update. The old plan contains information about Holden
Beach at that time similar to that contained herein. The plan also
contains land use policy and a land classification map that will
remain in effect until the adoption of the 1997 Land Use Plan
Update. See Appendix 1 for a summary of policies contained in the
1990 Plan.
National Flood Insurance Program
The Flood Insurance Maps for Holden Beach are dated April 2,
1991, and consist of Community Panel Number 375352 0010 E,
375352 0005 E and Index Map Number 37532 0005.0020. The
town has recently asked that the maps be updated. Much of the
western end of the beach is subject to coastal flooding with
velocity hazard due to wave action. At the eastern end of the beach
a substantial section of the beach is subject to flooding and velocity
hazard due to wave action. At the northeastern end of the beach
there is a narrow area from approximately Halstead Street to the
eastern end of the island that is in the 500-year flood area only;
however, in a 100-year flood storm, this area would be isolated
with no land access. The island has a history of strong storm over -
wash at its center — near the Holden Beach pier.
Holden Beach is an active participant in the Community Rating
System, and has obtained an excellent rating. Sustaining this rating
helps lower flood insurance costs, and is only granted after
demonstrating a commitment to public education and enforcement
of flood related policies.
D
1
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 25 '

8. Zoning
The Holden Beach Zoning Ordinance and Map (latest version
October 1997) shows Rural Districts, Residential Districts,
Commercial Districts and Conservation Areas. The R-1 Residential
District is for one and two-family dwellings. The R-2 zone
provides areas for multi -family dwellings. Most of Holden Beach
is zoned R-1 for single-family use.
Of special note, the Conservation District is established as a district
in which the principal use of land is the effective long-term
management and protection of significant, limited, or irreplaceable
areas. Management is needed due to the natural, cultural,
recreational, scenic, or natural productive values of local, regional,
State, and national concern. Areas included within this district are
depicted on the Zoning Map and include the following lands and
waters: coastal wetlands, public trust waters, estuarine waters,
ocean hazard and inlet hazard areas seaward of the first line of
stable vegetation, and the Corps of Engineers A.I.W.W. right-of-
way (excepting only those areas shown as Rural Special Use).
Other large homogenous tracts of marshland within the Town are
also classified as Conservation.
Development activities within the Conservation category described
above must be consistent with the regulations (15A NCAC7H)
governing water dependent development. Suitable uses would
include piers, docks, and gazebos, but no permanent commercial
structures or habitable dwellings of any type. The intent of the
Conservation class is to perpetuate the natural, productive, scenic,
cultural, and recreational features of the coastal zone.
'
Subdivision Regulations
9.
'
The Subdivision Regulations for Holden Beach were originally
written in May of 1969, and were recently totally revised and
adopted by the Board of Commissioners. Significant changes from
'
a land use standpoint include increasing building lot property line
setback requirements and increasing the minimum platted area
from 6000 to 7500 square feet. Both of these changes will lower
'
the density of subdivision building on the island — a positive action
in reference to land usage, and the general desires of property
owners on Holden Beach.
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 26

10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Floodway
The Floodway Boundary for Holden Beach can be found on the
National Flood Insurance Program Maps 375352 0010 E and
375352 0005 E and study dated April 2, 1991. Boundaries of the
floodways were computed at cross sections and interpolated
between cross sections. The floodways were based on hydraulic
considerations with regard to requirements of the Federal
Emergency Management Agency.
Building Code
Section 151.01 of the Holden Beach Code of Ordinances contains
the Town Building Code. The Town has adopted the North
Carolina State Building Code, Volume I, General Construction,
and the North Carolina Uniform Residential Building Code.
Septic Tanks
Currently all residential and commercial development on Holden
Beach uses septic tank facilities for sewage disposal. Application
for a septic tank is made through the Central Permitting Office at
the Brunswick County Planning Department. In response to the
permit request, and environmental health specialist from the
Brunswick County Health Department conducts an on -site
investigation to determine if a permit can be issued based on soil
and site conditions.
Nuisance Ordinance
Section 92.01 of the Holden Beach Code of Ordinances contains a
section on nuisances such as dead vegetation, storage of unsightly
items on lots, and accumulation of trash and debris from storm or
erosion damage. The Ordinance was recently revised to become
better enforceable by the Town Manager.
Dune Protection (Erosion Control and Mitigation)
Two hurricanes in 1996 that directly affected Holden Beach have
emphasized the need to have a short and long-range plan for beach
preservation, restoration and storm damage mitigation. Past studies
and reports including that by the Town's Erosion Committee in
early 1996, and UNCW Professor Bill Cleary in December 1996
emphasize the need for Holden Beach to establish a beach erosion
mitigation plan.
�J
1
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 27 1

'
Accordingly, the town financed and completed a $1.2 million
dollar project in 1997 and 1998 to re -build 4.5 miles of its beach
'
frontal dune from the east end of the island to the 800 block of
Ocean Boulevard. Beach variety vegetation was planted on the new
dune which is serving its purpose as a "second line of defense"
'
against storm damage.
The "first line of defense" is a wide, dry beach strand at high tide.
'
The town's 1997 Erosion Control and Mitigation Plan calls for a
minimum of 100 feet of dry sand at high tide along the island. In
that regard, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is working on a plan
'
to renourish sections of the beach on the island. It is anticipated
that the plan will be completed in early 2001. At that time, the
'
town faces the need to set aside funds for the multi -million dollar
project — a portion of which is hoped to be made available from
federal and state resources.
,
In addition to the above efforts, the Corps of Engineers is also
involved in addressing the flow of water from the ocean, in and out
of Lockwoods Folly Inlet, and up and down Lockwoods Folly
'
River. The intent of the initial portion of that study project is to
determine the effects of the construction of the Intracoastal
Waterway on shell -fish and other aquatic life in the Lockwoods
'
Folly River basin area of Brunswick County. The study will
eventually investigate the feasibility of redirecting the tidal flow at
the inlet to correspond to the old "Eastern Channel" behind Long
Beach (the island east of Holden Beach). Many believe that if this
is done, the river basin environment will significantly improve, and
'
the eastern most erosion on Holden Beach might be slowed.
During the planing period, local officials will continue to monitor
'
beach erosion, maintain the frontal dune as required (and as can be
afforded), and will strongly support the Lockwoods Folly Inlet
study effort, and any plans that may develop in that regard.
15. Environmental Impact Ordinances
The North Carolina General Assembly has authorized the
governing bodies of all cities, counties and towns acting
individually or collectively to require any special purpose unit of
'
government or private developer of a major development project to
submit detailed statements reflecting the environmental impact on
such projects.
'
Major development project means and includes shopping centers,
subdivisions, and other housing developments, industrial and
I
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 28

r-
Q
commercial projects, and projects involving dredging or filling,
and any project which involves any change (by bulldozing, cutting
of trees or vegetation, or otherwise) of more than 50% of the
surface area of any proposed project, but shall not include any
projects of less than two contiguous acres in extent. Any project
significantly affecting the quality of the environment includes
(without limitation) projects that may have a detrimental impact on
air or water quality or on ambient noise levels for adjoining areas;
that involve a possibility of contamination of a public or domestic
water supply system or source; or will affect fish, wildlife, ground
water, flooding, erosion, or sedimentation.
16. Storm Water Management Plan and Ordinance
Holden Beach adopted in 1998 a comprehensive Stormwater
Management Ordinance that was contained in a Stormwater
Management Plan prepared under State DCM contract. The
ordinance addresses problems associated with building and other
development, especially placement of fill materials on the island.
The intent of the ordinance is to control stormwater as much as is
possible within property boundaries, so that stormwater runoff
does not adversely affect neighboring property.
The Stormwater Management Plan documents the existing
stormwater system on the island, and makes recommendations as
to how that system might be improved. Those recommendations
are presently under review by town officials, and recommendations
believed to be appropriate will be included (financed) in the
Capital Improvements Plan to be developed before the end of CY
1998.
17. Mobile Home Park Ordinance
Chapter 152 of the Town Code includes a Mobile Home Park
Ordinance for Holden Beach. However, the Zoning Ordinance
prohibits mobile homes in every building zone. This inconsistency
will be addressed during the planning period.
Constraints: Land Suitability
(Note: Many of the constraints which apply to the 20 coastal CAMA counties in
North Carolina are not found on Holden Beach. They are described in Appendix 2
of this plan. What follows here is a discussion of the specific constraints which
are found on Holden Beach.)
7
1
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 29 1

d
1
d
i
(1) Physical Limitations for Development
This section of the Land Use Plan discusses physical limitations for
development, to assist in determining land classification categories.
a. Natural Hazard Areas Including Ocean Hazard Areas,
Flood Hazard Areas and Areas Susceptible to Sea Level
Rise
Ocean hazard areas are composed of those Areas of
Environmental Concern that are considered natural hazard
areas along the Atlantic Ocean shoreline where, because of
their special vulnerability to erosion or other adverse effects
of sand, wind and water, uncontrolled or incompatible
development could unreasonably endanger life or property.
Ocean hazard areas include beaches, frontal dunes, inlet
lands and other areas in which geologic, vegetative and soil
conditions indicate a substantial possibility of excessive
erosion or flood damage. Since Holden Beach is located on
a barrier island, a large portion of the town is susceptible to
storm flood damage.
The primary causes of the hazards peculiar to the Atlantic
shorelirie are the constant forces exerted by waves, winds
and currents upon the unstable sands that form the shore.
During storms, these forces are intensified and can cause
significant changes in the bordering landforms and to
structures located on them.
On Holden Beach, ocean hazard area property is primarily
under the ownership of private individuals as well as the
town (town property, streets and beach accessway areas)
All (that portion of the beach between the frontal dune and
the mean high water mark) is used mutually by property
owners and visitors to the island. Ocean hazard areas are
therefore critical, because of both the severity of the
hazards and the intensity of interest by town property
owners and the general public in these areas.
The location and form of the various hazard area landforms,
in particular the beaches, dunes and inlets, are in a
permanent state of flux, responding to meteorologically
induced changes in the wave climate. For this reason, the
appropriate location of structures on and near these
landforms must be reviewed carefully in order to avoid
I
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 30

their loss or damage. As a whole, the same flexible nature
of these landforms which presents hazards to development
situated immediately on them offers protection to the land,
water and structures located landward of them. For those
reasons, both the State of North Carolina and the Town of
Holden Beach have established "setback" requirements to
limit the location of structures inside the ocean hazard area.
The ocean hazard system of Areas of Environmental
Concern contains all of the following areas:
(1) Ocean Erodible Areas are areas in which there
exists a substantial possibility of excessive erosion
and significant shoreline fluctuation.
(2) Inlet Hazard Areas are natural -hazard areas that
are especially vulnerable to erosion, flooding and
other adverse effects of sand, wind and water
because of their proximity to dynamic ocean inlets.
This area shall extend landward from the mean low
water line a distance sufficient to encompass that
area within which the inlet will, based on statistical
analysis, migrate, and shall consider such factors as
previous inlet territory, structurally weak areas near
the inlet (such as an unusually narrow barrier island
like Holden Beach, an unusually long channel
feeding the inlet, or an over -wash area). These areas
shall be identified on inlet hazard area maps. In all
cases, this area shall be an extension of the adjacent
ocean erodible area and in no case shall the width of
the inlet hazard area be less than the width of the
adjacent ocean erodible area.
Holden Beach contains all of the above areas — an eroding beach
and waterway shoreline, and two dynamic inlets at the east end
(Lockwoods Folly) and the west end (Shallotte). The physical
landform of the island (See Appendix 3 Soils Map) shows a
protrusion on both the east and west end, separated by a narrow
portion of the island at its center. While the east end of the island
has been eroding for years, the west end has shown a tendency
toward accretion of sand.
The center of the island is also eroding, and historically has been
an area of storm over -wash. For example, at one time there was an
inlet located near the center of the island adjacent to the present
fishing pier. Given that fact and the current state of the beach (less
0
F
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 31 1

than 50 feet of dry sand at high tide), it may not be prudent to
locate new facilities there — especially large structures. Other areas
of the island show similar characteristics and are generally located
between the 300 and 950 block of Ocean Boulevard West.
The main east -west road for the island is the state road Ocean View
Boulevard. If, as a result of severe storms, a significant number of
houses on the "first row" south of that road were to be lost due to
storm surge flooding, then the State Department of Transportation
has indicated it would consider the road being threatened, and
would thus seek State Coastal Management approval to construct
appropriate erosion protection devices to preserve the road.
Per above, if the road were to be damaged, then the center of the
' island might be totally breached, creating a new inlet and cutting
off access to the west end of the island. In addition, the bridgehead
might be lost in the event of a major storm of Category 5
' proportions and thus the entire island could be isolated, at least
temporarily.
'
Both Shallotte and Lockwoods Folly inlet hazard areas are equally
susceptible to erosion damage from flooding. The Town engaged
the services of a coastal engineer in 1996 and 1997 to record actual
'
rates of erosion in these areas, and that data shows more erosion on
Lockwoods Folly Inlet area — however, the area adjacent to
Shallotte Inlet showed significant erosion in 1997.
Canal areas along the waterway are also eroding, especially at the
entrance to the canals from the waterway. Canal areas can be
'
protected to a degree by the installation of bulkheads. Much of the
canal areas on Holden Beach have these constructed; however,
many are in need of repair or rebuilding. The areas that are in
'
greatest need of repair are at the entrance to the canals from the
waterway. Those areas receive wave damage from passing boat
wakes as a result of heavy traffic along the waterway — especially
in the early summer and late fall.
' In summary of this section, the island is significantly threatened by
the effects of continuiniz erosion and much of the island could be
underwater in the event of a Category 4 of 5 hurricane, at least for
a short period of time. Improved building code requirements for
new homes will limit damage to structures built since the code was
placed in effect However, numerous older homes (especially those
' built at ground level out of concrete block materials) can be
expected to suffer severe damage. Finally, erosion prone areas
I
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 32

throughout the island would be greatly affected, as will the main '
road on the island.
The reader is directed to Part VI, Section E of this plan for more '
information concerning hazard areas on the island.
b. Areas with Soil Limitations Including Non -Compacting
Soils, Shallow Soils, Poorly Drained Soils and Soils Not
Suitable, or Septic Tanks '
The Septic Tank Suitability. Map (from Soil Survey)
prepared by the Division of Coastal Management (DCM) '
and dated October 21, 1996, shows all of Holden Beach as
having severe septic tank restrictions. The Soil Survey of
Brunswick County shows the following soils types on ,
Holden Beach (see Soils Map at Appendix 3):
BO — Bohicket Silty Clay Loam
'
CA — Carteret Loamy Fine Sand
Co — Corolla Fine Sand
Du — Duckston Fine Sand
'
NeE — Newhan Fine Sand
NhE — Newhan Fine Sand, Dredged
'
All six soil types have severe limitations for septic tanks
due to flooding, wetness or poor filtering characteristics.
'
Bohicket (BO) soils are silty clay loam soils that are nearly
level and poorly drained on tidal flats at elevations of 0 to 3
feet above sea level. This soil has native vegetation adapted
,
to tidal marsh.
Carteret (CA) soils are loamy fine sand soils that are nearly
'
level and very poorly drained soils on tidal flats at
elevations of 1 to 3 feet above sea level. Surface runoff is
very slow. Permeability is very rapid. Cart
,
eret soils also
have native vegetation adapted to tidal marsh. Important
vegetation consists of smooth cordgrass and small areas of '
black needlerush.
Corolla (Co) soils are fine sand which is nearly level, '
somewhat poorly drained to moderately well drained soils
on the inland side of the Outer Banks in low areas adjacent
to undulating sand ridges. Surface runoff is slow with very ,
rapid permeability with high seepage rate.
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 33 '

F
1
(2) Fragile Areas
Duckston (Du) soil is a fine sand that is nearly level, poorly
drained soil joining the marshes of the coastal area. Surface
runoff is very slow with very rapid permeability. The water
table is 1 to 2 feet below the surface and fluctuates with the
tide and is subject to occasional flooding.
Newhan (NeE) is a find sand that is excessively drained
soil on ridges between the beach and the inland side of the
coastal area. Some areas of this soil have vertical slopes
joining the beach with elevations ranging from 5' to 30'.
Surface runoff is slow with very rapid permeability. This
soil is poorly suited to recreational and residential
development due to slope, high seepage rates, caving of
cutbanks and sandiness. Lawns and shrubs are difficult to
establish due to leaching of plant nutrients. This soil may
have slopes ranging from 2% to 30%.
Newhan Dredged (NhE) is excessively drained, sandy
dredge spoil. Surface runoff is slow with rapid
permeability. The seasonal high water table is about 4'
below the surface. This soil is poorly suited to residential or
recreational use because of slope, high seepage rates,
caving of cutbanks and sandiness. Slopes can range from
2% to 30%.
Fragile coastal natural resource areas are generally recognized to
be of educational, scientific, or cultural value because of the
natural features of the particular site. These features on Holden
Beach serve to distinguish the area designated from the vast
majority of coastal landscape and therein establish its value. Such
areas may be key components of systems unique to the coast which
act to maintain the integrity of that system.
Areas that contain outstanding examples of coastal processes or
habitat areas of significance to the scientific or educational
communities are a second type of fragile coastal natural resource
area. These areas are essentially self-contained units or "closed
systems" minimally dependent upon adjoining areas.
Finally, fragile areas may be particularly important to a locale
either in an aesthetic or cultural sense. Fragile coastal cultural
resource areas are generally recognized to be of educational,
associative, scientific, aesthetic or cultural value because of their
special importance to our understanding of past human settlement
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 34

of and interaction with the coastal zone. Their importance serves to '
distinguish the designated areas as significant among the historic
architectural or archaeological remains in the coastal zone, and '
therein established their value. Fragile areas on Holden Beach
include:
a. Coastal Wetlands '
Coastal wetlands are defined as any salt marsh or other '
marsh subject to regular or occasional flooding by tides,
including wind tides (whether or not the tide waters reach
the marshland areas through natural or artificial '
watercourses); provided this shall not include hurricane or
tropical storm tides. Coastal wetlands contain some, but not
necessarily all, of the following marsh plant species: '
(1) Cord Grass (Spartina altemiflora),
(2) Black Needlerush (Juncus roemerianus),
'
(3) Glasswort (Salicomia spp.),
(4) Salt Grass (Distichlis spicata),
(5) Sea Lavender (Limonium spp.),
'
(6) Bulrush (Scirpus spp.),
(7) Saw Grass (Cladium jamaicense),
(8) Cat -tail (Typha spp.),
'
(9) Salt Meadow Grass (Spartina patens),
(10) Salt Reed Grass (Spartina cynosuroides).
'
The management objective for coastal wetlands is to
conserve and manage coastal wetlands so as to safeguard
and perpetuate their biological, social, economic and
'
aesthetic values; to coordinate and establish a management
system capable of conserving and utilizing coastal wetlands
as a natural resource essential to the functioning of the
'
entire estuarine system.
'
Coastal wetlands exist along much of the northern
boundary of Holden Beach and are highly valued by the
town. '
b. Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shorelines
Estuarine waters are defined in G.S. 11 3A- 1 13(b)(2). The
boundaries between inland and coastal fishing waters are
set forth in an agreement adopted by the Wildlife Resources
'
Commission and the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources and in the most current revision of the
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 35 1

H
North Carolina Marine Fisheries Regulations for Coastal
Waters, codified at 15A NCAC 3Q.0200.
Estuarine waters are the dominant component and bonding
element of the entire estuarine system, integrating aquatic
influences from both the land and the sea. Estuaries are
among the most productive natural environments of North
Carolina. They support the valuable commercial and sports
fisheries of the coastal area which are comprised of
estuarine dependent species such as menhaden, flounder,
shrimp, crabs and oysters. These species must spend all or
some part of their life cycle within the estuarine waters to
mature and reproduce. Of the ten leading species in the
commercial catch, all but one are dependent on the estuary.
Estuarine shorelines, although characterized as dry land, are
considered a component of the estuarine system because of
the close association with the adjacent estuarine waters.
Estuarine shorelines are those non -ocean shorelines which
are especially vulnerable to erosion, flooding, or other
adverse effects of wind and water and are intimately
connected to the estuary. This area extends from the mean
high water level or normal water level along the estuaries,
sounds, bays, and brackish waters as set forth in an
agreement adopted by the Wildlife Resources Commission
and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
for a distance of 75 feet landward.
Development within estuarine shorelines influences the
quality of estuarine life and is subject to the damaging
processes of shore front erosion and flooding.
The management objective of the estuarine shoreline is to
ensure shoreline development is compatible with both the
dynamic nature of estuarine shorelines and the values of the
estuarine system.
Estuarine waters and estuarine shorelines, like coastal
wetlands, exist along much of the northern edge of Holden
Beach.
C. Public Trust Waters
Public trust areas are all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and
the lands thereunder from the mean high water mark to the
seaward limit of State jurisdiction; all natural bodies of
I
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 36

0
'
water subject to measurable lunar tides and lands
thereunder to the mean high water mark; all navigable
natural bodies of water and lands thereunder to the mean
high water level or mean water level as the case may be,
'
except privately -owned lakes to which the public has no
right of access; all water in artificially created bodies of
'
water containing significant public fishing resources or
other public resources which are accessible to the public by
navigation from bodies of water in which the public has
'
rights of navigation; and all waters in artificially created
bodies of water in which the public has acquired rights by
prescription, custom, usage, dedication, or any other means.
'
Public trust areas in Holden Beach include the Atlantic
Ocean, Intracoastal Waterway and adjacent navigational
'
canals.
Lands Identified Through Division of Coastal Management '
Wetland Maps
The Wetlands Map for Holden Beach dated September 26, '
1996, and prepared by DCM using data from the National
Wetlands Inventory reflects four types of wetlands present '
on Holden Beach.
Estuarine Emergent Wetlands (EE Wetlands) are located
primarily at the western end of Holden Beach adjacent to
'
the Intracoastal Waterway and west of Sailfish Drive. There
is also a small area located between the northern edge of
Sailfish and Swordfish Drive and the Intracoastal
'
Waterway. The next area of EE Wetlands is located
between the northern edge of Highpoint Street and the
Intracoastal Waterway and along the Intracoastal Waterway
,
between Highpoint Street and the western side of Boyd
Street. The last section of EE Wetlands is located at the
eastern end of the island adjacent to the Intracoastal
'
Waterway on the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Atlantic
Intracoastal Waterway right-of-way.
'
Small areas of Estuarine Woody Wetlands (EW Wetlands)
occur west of Sailfish Drive, between Highpoint Street and
I
Boyd Street and between Scotch Bonnet Drive and
Greensboro Street. A very small area of EW Wetlands also
occurs on the north side of Greensboro Street right-of-way. ,
The last EW Wetlands are located at the eastern end of the
island on Corps of Engineers property.
J
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 37 1

The only Freshwater Emergent Wetlands on Holden Beach
' are located just west of Sand Dollar Drive on land owned
by the Army Corps of Engineers.
' Freshwater Woody Wetlands are located at the eastern end
of the island and north of Ocean View Boulevard East.
These wetlands are located in an area that has been
' subdivided into residential lots and also may be subject to
continued erosion.
' e. Other fragile areas are defined by the State of North Carolina, but
do not exist on Holden Beach. For a summary of these areas, see
' Appendix 2.
(3) Areas with Resource Potential
' State definitions in this area do not apply to Holden Beach. For a
summary of the areas involved, see Appendix 2.
E. Constraints: Community Services Capacity
(1) Wastewater Management
' Individual on -lot treatment and disposal systems (septic tanks) are
currently being used for wastewater management on Holden
' Beach. Section IV.D. Lb of this Plan includes discussion of the
septic tank suitability map prepared by the Division of Coastal
Management which shows all of Holden Beach having severe
' septic tank restrictions due to soil types found on the island.
Because of the sensitive environment of Holden Beach, citizens
have discussed setting a goal (going back to the original 1976 Land
Use Plan) to construct a sewage collecting system. In early 1998,
the Board of Commissioners passed a Resolution that committed
'
the town to a sewage collection system serviced by a Brunswick
County operated treatment facility. Town officials have since
worked in close cooperation and coordination with Brunswick
'
County to work toward achievement of that objective.
'
The County hired the services of a contract engineering firm to
study alternatives for a regional treatment facility, and the town is
in the process of developing specific requirements related to the
sewage collection system. It is anticipated that sufficient
I
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 38

'
information from which to make a engineering and funding
decision will be available by the end of CY 1998.
'
Because of the lack of a sewer system and more stringent
requirements to obtain a septic tank permit, numerous lots on the
island that cannot be approved for a septic tank under current
'
regulations will remain undeveloped during the planning period.
(2) Drinking Water Supply I
Holden Beach receives all potable water from the Brunswick
County water system. There is currently low water pressure and
'
potentially low fire flow pressure at the west end of island. Water
pressure overall is controlled jointly by County pumping stations,
aided by a 300,000 gallon elevated tank located on the island.
'
While the tank and pumping stations normally can maintain
adequate pressure, there are peak usage periods during the summer
(July 4"' weekend for example) when pressure drops significantly.
'
To resolve the low water pressure situation, the town approved a '
$294,000 Capital Project to construct a new waterline from the
island to the mainland under the Intracoastal Waterway on the west
end of the island. The line will connect to a new County waterline '
being constructed on Windy Point Road across the waterway.
Overall, the Brunswick County water system has sufficient
'
capacity to provide Holden Beach with potable water during the
five- to ten-year planning period. The town recently updated its
State Water Supply Plan in that regard.
'
(3) Transportation
,
The 1988 Brunswick County Thoroughfare Plan is currently being
updated and should be available in 1998. The plan will describe the
County -wide traffic network affecting Holden Beach.
'
There are approximately 13 miles of roads on Holden Beach. The
main road (Ocean View Boulevard) is largely State -maintained,
'
while the remainder is serviced by the town or is private. Roads are
mostly paved; those that are not have a marl/gravel surface that can
be graded periodically for maintenance. Design capacity for all
,
roads is satisfactory, and will remain so during the planning period.
Ocean Boulevard is the major east -west road on the island, and is '
supplemented for east -west traffic flow on Brunswick Avenue
from Ferry Road to High Point Street. Numerous relatively short '
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 39 1

north -south roads are located throughout the length of the island. It
is these short roads that are not all paved. Ocean Boulevard has an
adjacent sidewalk along its length, for pedestrian and bicycle
traffic.
The majority of vehicular traffic travels along Ocean Boulevard.
Daily traffic counts vary throughout the island, with the largest
amount being recorded at the foot of the bridge during the summer
tourist season. Peak load traffic at the bridge, for example, can be
as much as 500 vehicles per hour (estimated by the Holden Beach
Police Department). A surprisingly large number of island weekly
visitors also routinely travel from one end of the island to the other
to view homes and the marsh areas. That traffic coupled with
arriving and departing visitors sometimes results in congested
areas near the bridge. When that occurs, the Police Department
directs traffic to relieve the problem.
'
Several roads on the island have inadequate stormwater drainage
structures, and many were originally constructed at grades that are
'
now lower than desired. This situation causes partially flooded
roads following heavy rains. However, water normally drains off
the road several hours after the event.
(4) Other Community Facilities and Services
'
a. Design Capacity of Existing Schools
Holden Beach is currently served by the following schools (1997):
'
School Grades Capacity Enrollment
Supply Elementary K — 5 653 820
Shallotte Middle 6-8 905 984
'
West Brunswick 9 —12 920 1,120
The capacity of schools is satisfactory for Holden Beach during the
planning period. It should be noted that there are less than 150
school age children living on the island during the school year.
'
That figure is not expected to change significantly during the
planning period.
'
b. Landfill
The Brunswick County Landfill was closed at the end of
'
1997. All County residents are now serviced by a private
contractor who hauls solid waste to a transfer station, for
eventual deposit in a landfill in Sampson County. Tipping
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 40

C.
e.
Fees are charge to deposit waste at the transfer station and
at the old County landfill.
This procedure will remain adequate during the planning
period.
Other Solid Waste Disposal Facility
Holden Beach residents have the option to recycle at a
collection point located behind the Town Hall. This facility
includes designated containers for newspapers, plastic
bottles, glass and other recyclable materials.
The land area being used for recycling center is leased, and
there will be a need during the planning period to locate to
another site for this purpose.
Police
The Holden Beach Police Department currently has six
full-time officers with one auxiliary officer. An additional
full-time officer has been requested through the federal
government's Community Oriented Policing Program.
Officers have sufficient patrol vehicles and other
equipment. The town recently purchased two new police
cars, and has a plan to replace others.
Adequate law enforcement will be available during the
planning period so long as the limits of patrol are not
extended through Extraterritorial Jurisdiction. If that
occurs, there will be a need for additional officers.
Fire Protection
The Tri-Beach Volunteer Fire Department (VFD) is a non-
profit organization providing fire protection to Holden
Beach. The Department has a substation located at Star
Fish Drive and Ocean View Boulevard that contains one
1979 Chevrolet, 250-gallon capacity, 1,000 gpm pumper
truck. There is a need for a ladder truck to be located on the
island; however, one is located at the Department's main
station on the nearby mainland.
1
H
Holden Beach 1907 Land Use Plan Update Page 41 1

LI
F
The main fire station has the following equipment:
1961 65' ladder truck;
1981 International 1,000-gallon capacity, 1,000 gpm
pumper;
1991 International 1,000-gallon capacity, 1,250 gpm
pumper.
Water rescue equipment includes two boats and one
Suburban truck.
The beach has a "six" fire rating, which provides discounts
on fire insurance.
With the substation and main station, 28 volunteers are
needed; and 32 to 34 volunteers are normally available.
There is a desire on the part of the VFD to have more
volunteers who reside on the island. Currently, there are
only three.
f. Public Administrative Ability
The Town has a full-time staff that manages day-to-day
operations, and provides short and long-range planning
services.
Operations are appropriately organized and are
accomplished by desktop computer systems with adequate
software support.
The Town Manager publishes a community quarterly
newsletter and maintains an Internet Web Page to facilitate
communications and public education.
The Town Hall was recently renovated, with significant
enlargement of administrative space resulting. This has
greatly improved staff morale and efficiency, and has
increased customer service capability.
The present staff is adequate to manage office affairs;
however, there is marginally satisfactory back-up capability
should any single employee be absent. The Town Manager
will address this situation with the Board of Commissioners
during the planning period.
I
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 42

E
g. Hurricane Evacuation Planning.
The town has an up to date comprehensive Hurricane
Preparedness Plan that contains detailed information to
guide preparation for a hurricane and island evacuation. It
also addresses damage assessment.
The Mayor recently appointed a Hurricane Preparedness
Officer for the town — to work in coordination with the
Board of Commissioners and the Town Manager. The town
annually conducts seminars and practice sessions with more
than 70 volunteers who assist with evacuation and damage
assessment.
The key to Hurricane Preparedness is an up-to-date plan.
Therefore, Holden Beach will continue to revise it's plan
each year during the planning period.
V. ESTIMATED DEMAND (Population and Economic Estimates)
A. , Permanent Population
Projecting the growth of the island's permanent population involves
several factors. For permanent population estimates, consider the
following:
• the increase in the number of new homes each year,
• the number of non -rental homes,
• the number of non -rental homes (existing and new) occupied by
permanent residents,
• and the desire on the part of property owners to remain a permanent
resident, after a period of time in that category.
Exhibit 1 in Section IV, Part "A" lists historical data that reflects
approximately 400 homes in 1997 that were categorized as "non -rental".
That figure is roughly 22% of the total number of homes on the island. It
is logical (for planning purposes) to assume that this percentage will
remain relatively constant over the next ten years.
After calculating the total number of non -rental homes, one could estimate
the number of those homes that will be occupied by permanent residents.
Since Holden Beach is a relatively small community most of the year, it is
fairly easy to determine (based on tangibles such as public meeting
attendance, voter turn -out, etc.) that most non -rental homes are occupied
year -around. While one could determine a fairly accurate percentage in
r�
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 43 '

' that regard, it is not considered to be significant when future permanent
population estimates are determined for land use planning. Therefore, for
' planning purposes, assume that the non -rental home figure equals the
permanent resident home figure.
'
If one assumes that two residents will occupy every non -rental home on
average during the year, then the number of permanent residents can be
'
estimated.
For several years, the Building Inspection Department on Holden Beach
'
has consistently recorded an average of 65 new homes being built each
year — a figure that is expected to continue over the next ten-year period.
Exhibit 1 shows a total of 1884 homes on the island in 1997. To arrive at a
'
starting point for future permanent population projections, round that
figure up to 1900 homes for CY 1999.
Using the above figure of 1900 homes in 1997-1998, the number of rental
'
and non -rental homes can be projected for the years following, adjusted
annually based on the number of new homes built and each home's
occupancy during the year. Since we are assuming that non -rental homes
'
equal permanent resident homes, future permanent population estimates
may be determined based on the total number of homes on the island.
'
Exhibit 3 below summarizes the estimated number of permanent residents
on Holden Beach from 1999 to 2008.
'
Exhibit 3 (Source — see Exhibit 1)
Estimated Number of Permanent Residents on Holden Beach NC
(Note that these figures are for planning purposes only)
Item
" '
2000
2001
2002II
114
2005
2006
2007.11:
Total
1900
1965
2030
2095
2157
2222
2287
2352
2417
2482
Homes
Non -rental
418
432
447
461
475
489
503
517
532
546
Homes
Population
850
1 878
1 906
1 934
1 962
1 990
1 1018
1 1046
1 1074
1 1102
One factor that may cause either an upward or downward trend in the
population data in Exhibit 3, involves the "fourth bullet" in the first
paragraph of this section — the decision whether or not to remain on the
island full-time.
That decision can be affected by several factors such as the threat of
hurricanes and other coastal storms, a relative lack of close -by commercial
activities providing services found in larger communities, and an aging
retired or semi -retired population.
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 44

i�
Intangibles like the above make it impossible to reliably determine any
effect on population year -by -year. For example, a major hurricane in 2003
might cause a significant number of permanent residents to move off the
island at that time, thereby lowering the permanent population to earlier
levels. However, it is important that intangibles such as these be
considered during land use planning.
Seasonal Population
As discussed in the previous section, Exhibit 1 shows historical peak
seasonal population figures for Holden Beach. Part IV, Section "A"
describes how that data was determined. Future projections for peak
seasonal population may be estimated using the base data in Exhibit 1, and
the criteria listed below.
Criteria for estimating future peak seasonal population figures for Holden
Beach are as follows: (Note: "peak season" is defined as July through the
second week of August)
the total number of people occupying homes on an average day —
rental and non -rental,
the number of people staying overnight on an average day at the
campground,
the average number of daily visitors.
Exhibit 3 depicts the number of homes on the island year -by -year. To
estimate peak seasonal occupancy, assume (on average) eight persons per
rental unit, and four persons per all other homes. (Note: It is assumed for
future projections that non -rental homes will have more occupants during
peak periods than during the "off-season" e.g. four versus two per
residence).
Exhibit 4 below summarizes home occupancy, campground visitors, and
daily visitors. The latter two variables are estimated in exactly the same
way as was done at Exhibit 1. Specifically — the number of campground
spaces times four, and the number of parking spaces on the island times
four. In that regard, it is assumed that there will be no appreciable increase
in the amount of public parking on the island over the next ten years. That
assumption is based on a documented desire on the part of many Holden
Beach residents to continue to limit public parking. (see Appendix 4). The
campground has no additional space over which to expand, so it can be
assumed it will remain stable in terms of peak seasonal occupancy.
0
C
1
l��
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 45 '

Exhibit 4 (Source — See Exhibit 1)
Estimated Peak Seasonal Population on Holden Beach NC
(Note: figures are for planning purposes only)
Rental
1482
1533
1583
1634
1682
1733
1784
1835
1885
1936
Non -rental
418
432
447
461
475
489
503
517
532
546
Total Homes
1900
1965
2030
2095
2157
2222
2287
2352
2417
2482
In Homes*
Rental
11856
12264
12664
13072
13456
13864
14272
14680
15080
15488
Non -Rental
1672
1728
1788
1844
1900
1956
2012
2068
2128
2184
Campground
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
Dail Visitors
1600
1600
1600
1600
1600
1600
1600
1600
1600
1600
Total Peak
15656
16194
16724
17262
17770
18308
18846
19384
19914
20452
* r„ u,,,,,Ac- u,,
lipr of"nn_rantnl hnmes times fnim nccunants each_ All others
(rental) have assumed
occupancy of eight each.
C. Local Objectives Concerning Growth
Based on the Land Use Plan Update Public Participation Plan surveys and
discussions (see Appendix 4) property owners on Holden Beach clearly
wish to have the community remain as it is today — residential and family -
oriented.
The majority desire mainly single-family development with less multi-
family and commercial development. The "vision" statement in the next
part of this plan provides a concise statement of those objectives.
'
While growth during the planning period is inevitable for the Town of
Holden Beach, it is the desire of the community that such growth be
'
controlled in ways that will continue to complement the "residential"
nature of the town.
' D. Foreseeable Social and Economic Change
Holden Beach should remain stable both sociologically and economically
over the next several years economically, the town's assessed tax base
will continue to grow, and the community should adapt to that growth
' with appropriate adjustments being made in funding of annual and long
range capital improvement programs.
0
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 46

E.
F.
Future Land Needs
A majority of developed and undeveloped land on Holden Beach is under
private ownership. Only a small percentage of land is owned by the town —
thereby limiting the ability of the community to provide additional public
facilities such as improved public parking lots, scenic overlooks, parks,
beach and waterway access.
To address this situation, the town recently prepared a five-year
Community Recreation and Beach Access Plan. In that document,
recommendations were made for the town to acquire suitable land to place
in public trust, create parks, beach/waterway access, and to improve public
parking lots. The main limiting factor to implement these
recommendations is annual funding that could be used to purchase land.
Whether or not additional land is actually acquired during the planning
period, an objective to do just that should remain a high priority in the
Capital Improvements Plan. For example, acquisition of conservation
areas would assure that fragile areas remain free from potential land
development in the future.
Community Facilities Demand
Holden Beach relies on Brunswick County for its water supply, solid
waste disposal and schools system. County planning efforts appear
adequate to assure continued satisfaction of town future needs in that
regard.
The town's elected officials have been discussing the possibility of
eventually dedicating the town's water distribution system to the county
sometime in the future. Also, as discussed earlier in this plan, the town is
actively involved in seeking to soon design, fund and construct a sewage
collection system on the island — connecting to a regional treatment
facility operated by Brunswick County.
The Brunswick County School Board is giving consideration to a new
elementary school in the Shallotte area that, if built, may serve Holden
Beach.
0
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F
F
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 47 1

VI. POLICY STATEMENTS
Background
The most important part of any land use plan, particularly those prepared under
North Carolina's Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA), is the formulation of
specific policies regarding growth, development and management objectives.
Because of regulatory requirements and local conditions, the policies that are
developed attempt to strike a balance between desires and objectives of local
citizens, the local government, and the objectives of the Coastal Area
Management Program.
Land development policies, which are based on analyses of existing conditions
(including natural and manmade constraints) and projected trends, are to serve as
general guides for future desired development at Holden Beach. Under CAMA,
the overriding issue is that of managing growth while at the same time protecting
unique coastal resources.
The special resources and constraints within Holden'Beach in that regard were
' identified in the previous sections of this plan. The policy statements contained in
this section address both growth management, protection, and maintenance of
these resources.
n
Recognizing the diversities that exist among the coastal communities, the Coastal
Resources Commission (CRC) requires each local government to outline specific
development policies under five broad categories, each with its own subset of
policy areas.
The five required topics, addressed in order in this section (as lettered) are:
F. Resource Protection
G. Resource Production and Management
H. Economic and Community Development
I. Continuing Public Participation
J. Storm Hazard Mitigation
Although land use related policies developed under these topics cover most of the
local development issues, in some cases they do not. Under these five policy
topics, Holden Beach has chosen to address specific community issues within the
scope of this plan.
Prior to beginning discussion of the five topics, it is important to understand the
significance of local CAMA policy statements and how they interact with day-to-
day activities of Holden Beach. Three areas are affected.
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 48

First, the policy statements will serve to guide the issuance of CAMA minor and
major permitting as required by NCGS-1 13A-1 18 prior to undertaking any
'
development in any Area of Environmental Concern. Holden Beach will adopt
policies which are, at a minimum, equal to and consistent with the State's
minimum use standards. The local government may, however, adopt minimum
'
use standards which are stricter than the State's and the local government's stricter
standards would become the determining factor whether a CAMA permit should
be issued.
'
The second area of application is that of establishing local policies and regulations
which guide Holden Beach's growth and development. Under North Carolina
'
legislation, land use plans are not regulatory controls. Policy statements must be
consistent with and implemented through local land use ordinances such as zoning
hearings to
,
or subdivision ordinances which require public prior any revisions.
The final area of application is that of "Consistency Review." Proposals and '
applications for state and federal assistance or requests for agency approval of
projects are normally reviewed against the jurisdiction's land use plan to
determine if the project is consistent with local policies. Inconsistencies of a '
federal or state project with local policies will serve as grounds for denial or
revision of a project.
Many have said, "If you don't know where you are going, you will not know how '
to get there". This statement is certainly true where land use planning is
concerned. One of the first actions accomplished during the development of this ,
plan update, was discussion, by community property owners and elected officials,
of the question, "What do we want Holden Beach to look like in ten years?" To
answer that question, a "vision statement" was prepared as follows. '
Community Vision Statement for the Five to Ten -Year Planning Period
Based on the public participation process (see Appendix 4), it is clear that the
majority of property owners and residents of Holden Beach want to see the
following major objectives addressed by the community over the next five to ten- I
year planning period:
• Holden Beach should remain a residential/family-oriented beach
community.
• The town should sustain frontal dune protection and beach
renourishment.
,
• Residents want to limit building height in the zoning ordinance.
• Residents want to discourage expansion of the commercial zone or
non-residential development.
,
• Residents want to protect fragile marshland areas and the
waterway.
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 49
'

P
LJ
Residents want to discourage duplex and multi -family
development.
Residents want a sewage collection system.
Residents desire a water system with adequate water pressure.
Considering the above and other similar information, the Town of Holden Beach
approved the following vision statement in early 1998:
"By the year 2008, Holden Beach, North Carolina, will have utilized
available resources to maximize its full potential (within local, state
and federal guidelines), to remain a tight -knit, wholesome family
community that continuously focuses its present and long-range
planning, economic and developmental efforts to protect and sustain:
• its recreational beach,
• its residential character and natural resources,.
• and the supporting services of the Town (public and private)
for the next generation of Town property owners and residents."
There are four over -reaching imperatives within this vision statement that involve
the town's continuous and necessary need to provide local governmental
stewardship toward protecting the unique and fragile environment of this barrier
island. Specifically, land use planning and development must focus on:
sustaining a healthy estuarine and ocean water quality for future
generations,
• keeping shell and other fishing areas open,
• maintaining the recreational beach and associated natural features, and
• protecting the right of island property owners and the general public to
safely enjoy all of the above.
The vision statement with the four imperatives described above forms the basic
community "attitude" toward resource protection and must be considered in
balance with the expected and eventual growth of the community.
The common threads linking all these actions are local, state and federal
guidelines and regulations that are designed to assist (and control) the planning
and developmental process. The key to success in this process is public education
and involvement throughout.
With the vision of the Town of Holden Beach in mind, policies to support
realization of that vision have been approved. Each is discussed below according
to the following standard format.
Policy Format
Policy Identification A brief summary of the issues, relevant findings
and, where applicable, alternative policy responses.
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 50

A.
Policy Statement Statement(s) of local government policy are
designed to achieve public objectives related to the I
issue.
Policy Implementation Method used by Holden Beach to implement policy. '
Policy identification is not policy, and does not carry the same importance as the
actual policy statements. The "identification" portion is to provide background '
and rationale for the policy statements themselves. In most instances, the
discussion serves to identify a problem or issue, and may present a summary of
findings from other technical studies. '
The policy statements are, in fact, statements of local government principle.
These policies should remain substantially unchanged during the five-year '
planning period, since alteration thereof may undermine their effectiveness in
achieving intended goals and objectives — more importantly the vision. The '
policies are designed to maintain a consistent and predictable direction (over time)
for local government decisions affecting local growth and development.
Lastly, policy implementation is just that — how will the Town of Holden Beach '
execute planning and local governmental action that is consistent with its stated
land use policy. '
With this in mind, the following policies are hereby adopted:
Resource Protection '
This section addresses policies associated with natural and related man-made '
resources that are applicable to land use planning on Holden Beach. They are:
1. Appropriate Land Use in Areas of Environmental Concern '
The AEC's referred to below are presented in detail in Appendix 5.
The reader should refer to this appendix to answer specific ,
questions about which natural resources are involved.
Policy Identification '
In accordance with those policies set forth in Subchapter 7H of the '
North Carolina Administrative Code, Holden Beach realizes the
importance of having a local policy of controlling (preventing or
limiting) land disturbing activities within or adjacent to Areas of '
Environmental Concern as explained in Appendix 5.
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 51 t

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Ll
Policy Statement
Part a: It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to conserve
and manage estuarine waters, coastal wetlands, public trust
areas, and shorelines, as an interrelated group ofAECs, so as to
safeguard and perpetuate their biological, social, economic, and
aesthetic values and to ensure that development occurring within
the AECs is compatible with natural characteristics so as to
minimize the likelihood of significant loss of private property and
public resources.
Part b: It is also the policy of the Town of Holder: Beach
(following the above rationale) to properly and effectively
manage development inside or adjacent to 404 wetlands,
hazardous areas (see part VI, Section 'E'), and other
environmentally fragile areas.
Implementation
The town will implement both parts of this policy through its
CAMA Minor Permitting Program — which supports the State
permitting authority as set forth in the CAMA. The local CAMA
permitting officer will insure applications are filled out correctly
and that appropriate local, state and federal guidelines are met.
In addition, storm hazard planning and management procedures
will be implemented and followed to control development within,
specifically, the ocean hazard area.
2. Constraints to Development in Flood Prone Areas, Soil Suitability and Septic
Tank Use
Policy Identification
The Composite Hazards Map reflects the ocean erodible AEC,
CAMA V-Zone AEC and inlet hazard area and areas subject to
flooding, which includes most of Holden Beach. All construction
in these areas comes under the CAMA permitting process as well
as Federal Flood Insurance program. As discussed in earlier
sections, much of Holden Beach is made up of soil that is not
suitable for septic tank use; and yet that is the type of system that is
being used on the island.
Based on the results of recent public information meetings and
questionnaire results, the majority of Holden Beach property
I
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 52

7
owners would like to see local officials pursue the design and '
installation of a central sewer collection system to eliminate the
need for continued use of septic tanks. '
Policy Statement
It is the policy of the Tows: of Holden Beach to allow '
construction on subdivided lots with septic tanks if all federal,
State and local permits are obtained. '
Implementation
All septic tanks will be approved by Brunswick County Health
Department on a lot -by -lot basis.
3. Protection of a Potable Water Supply '
Policy Identification I
Holden Beach obtains all of its potable water from the Brunswick
County Water System.
'
Policy Statement
'
Although the water source for the Brunswick County water
system is outside the Holden Beach planning jurisdiction,
Holden Beach policy is to support and encourage the protection
'
of the potable water supply well sites and river in flow area
through land use regulations and zoning regulations of
Brunswick County and the State of North Carolina.
'
Implementation I
Holden Beach will continue to support the Brunswick County
Health Department and County Planning Department in protection
of the sources of County. I
4. Use of Package Treatment Plants '
Policy Identification
In June of 1997, Holden Beach joined other Brunswick County '
beach communities by adopting a resolution asking Brunswick
County Commissioners to set up a board to address the need for a '
regional sewage treatment system. Such a system would make
consideration of package treatment plants unnecessary.
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 53 ,

1
Policy Statement
Package treatment plants are not permitted, but State -approved
alternative systems will be considered for individual housing
units on an individual design basis.
Implementation
Application for these treatment systems will be made to Building
Inspector and then forwarded to Planning and Zoning Board for
approval.
5. Stormwater Management and Control
Policy Identification
Uncontrolled surface water runoff into adjacent estuarine or ocean
waters can be a serious problem. In addition, flow of stormwater
onto adjacent property from improperly filled or drained lots under
(or following) construction of buildings creates a public nuisance
and can seriously damage public and private property. The Town
of Holden Beach recently adopted a comprehensive Stormwater
Management Control Plan which contains a Stormwater Control
Ordinance.
'
Policy Statement
r
n
H
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to control
Stormwater runoff resulting from land development. The intent
of regulations and procedures in that regard is to assure that
stormwater is controlled within the limits of individual property
under development so that storm runoff does not adversely affect
adjacent property, and so that none directly flows into coastal
waters — ocean or waterway.
Implementation
The Town of Holden Beach will execute procedures contained in
the Stormwater Control Ordinance, and review recommendations
for improved stormwater management systems contained in the
recently completed Stormwater Management Control Plan.
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 54

6. Marinas, Floating Homes, Moorings, Mooring Fields, Dry Stack Facilities
Policy Identification I
Marinas are defined as any publicly or privately owned dock, basin
'
or wet boat storage facility constructed to accommodate more than
10 boats and providing any of the following services: permanent or
transient docking spaces, dry storage, fueling facilities, haul -out
,
facilities and repair service. Floating structures are any structure,
not a boat, supported by a means of flotation, designed to be used
without a permanent foundation, which is intended for human
'
habitation or commerce. Moorings and mooring fields are areas
where boats may be tethered individually or in groups. A dry stack
facility is a structure designed for temporary storage of boats,
'
stacked vertically and horizontally in layers, elevated off the
ground.
'
Holden Beach has a single marina, but other than a few waterway
moorings near the bridge, and on privately owner docks in canal
areas, none of the other facilities.
'
Policy Statement
'
It is thepolicy o the Town of Holden Beach to prohibit the
P c1' .f
development of any additional marinas on the island. Dry stack
storage of boats and floating home development will not be
'
approved for the island. Commercial seafood vessel dockage
along the Intracoastal Waterway is deemed acceptable. All
moorings in that regard must conform to CAMA and State
'
regulations.
Implementation
'
This policy will be enforced by CAMA minor and major I
permitting process and the zoning ordinance.
7. Upland Excavation for Marina Basins '
Policy Identification
Upland excavation of marinas is a method of creating a marina ,
basin within upland areas along public waterways.
r
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 55 ,

Policy Statement
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach not to allow upland
excavation for marina basins.
' Implementation
' This policy will be enforced through the town Zoning Ordinance.
8. Industrial Impact on Fragile Areas
' Policy_ Identification
' There are no industries, other than businesses associated with the
"tourist" industry, located in Holden Beach, and "industrial use"
is not a permitted use in the Town's zoning ordinance.
Policy Statement
'
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to prohibit any form
of industry other than that associated with tourism. The meaning
'
of the word "industry" as it applies to tourism related business
activities simply provides a common category reference for
tourist activities.
'
Policy Implementation
This policy will be enforced through the town Zoning Ordinance.
9. Development of Sound and Estuarine System Islands
'
Policy Identification
Estuarine and spoil islands currently exist and will continue to
exist at various locations on Holden Beach, primarily near the
center of the island. These areas were created and are often
enlarged by periodic dredging by the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers along adjacent waterways. While development in these
areas may be allowed by the Zoning Ordinance, it will be carefully
controlled and limited in terms of density.
Policy Statement
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to carefully and
thoroughly review proposals for development on estuarine and
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 56

spoil "islands" only for residential development at low densities '
consistent with the Town's Zoning Ordinance and Subdivision
Regulations. The development of these areas will be given '
preliminary approval by the Town, then the property owner must
obtain all State and federal permits before seeking final review
and approval for development by the Town. I
Implementation
The Holden Beach Zoning Ordinance, and CAMA major and '
minor permitting process will be used to enforce this policy.
10. Damage to Existing Marshes by Bulkhead Installation '
Policy Identification '
Holden Beach supports State standards and regulations for
bulkheads as identified in the State's general permit for the
,
construction of such structures in estuarine and public trust areas.
To meet the requirements for the general permit, bulkheads can be
placed only along (non -ocean) shorelines void of wetland
,
vegetation including marsh grass and wooded swamp or where all
construction will be accomplished landward of such vegetation.
'
On Holden Beach, approved bulkheads have been constructed
along canal lots and the waterway to prevent erosion of the
shoreline due to tidal influences, boat wakes and coastal storms.
,
Policy Statement I
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to prevent damage
to existing coastal and freshwater marshes as a result of ,
bulkhead installation. Maintenance and replacement of existing
bulkheads will be permitted.
Ocean front bulkheads, groins, seawalls or other shoreline ,
hardening erosion control structures are not permitted by the
State of North Carolina and will not be allowed on Holden '
Beach.
Implementation I
The policy will be implemented through the CAMA major and
minor permitting process, as well as adherence to U.S. Army Corps I
of Engineers regulations (for freshwater wetlands).
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 57 '

I�
11. Surface Water Quality
Policy Identification
All waters adjacent to Holden Beach along the Intracoastal
Waterway are classified as "SA" waters. The Atlantic Ocean
region near Holden Beach is classified as "SB" waters. Surface and
subsurface water control systems are designed to curtail or halt
further degradation of water quality of sound and beach waters.
Provision of wastewater collection systems and an off -island
treatment facility instead of the reliance upon septic tanks is
regarded as a means to protect water quality.
Policy Statement
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to seek improved
stormwater runoff and other development standards and
management procedures which will protect and enhance the
water quality of the estuarine and ocean system.
IImplementation
The town will work with Brunswick County and others to design,
'
fund and construct a sewage collection system on the island, and to
encourage the County to provide a wastewater treatment facility
'
outside the Town limits. In addition, the town will work to
implement appropriate recommendations contained in the
Stormwater Management Control Plan.
B. Resource Production and Management
This section addresses additional resources, man -related and otherwise,
that affect land use planning on Holden Beach. These resources play a role
in the economy of the Town, southeastern Brunswick County and North
'
Carolina. For example, the beaches, marshlands and surrounding waters of
Holden Beach are utilized for swimming, sunbathing, fishing, walking,
exploring and boating by people from all over the world. The area is
'
unique along the east coast due to the "south -facing" nature of the
shoreline, and the species of plants, birds, mammals and fish located
'
nearby. As such, these resources are highly valued by the Town of Holden
Beach.
In many coastal counties and towns, "resource production and
'
management" relates to agriculture, forestry and mining activities as well
as recreational and fisheries resources. For Holden Beach, onl
'
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 58

recreational and fisheries resources apply, since the other categories do not ,
exist. The following polices are adopted:
1. Commercial and Recreational Fisheries '
Policy Identification I
The abundant water, beach and marsh areas of Holden Beach are
the predominant resource supporting recreational and fishing '
activities. Holden Beach recognizes the value of water quality
maintenance in terms of protecting commercial and recreational
fishing resources and providing clean water for other recreational '
purposes such as swimming, water skiing and boating. The water
systems, beaches and marshes are also classified as Areas of
Environmental Concern previously discussed. For these reasons, ,
Holden Beach recognizes that by protecting the water quality
within its jurisdiction it is also protecting its economic base and
quality of life. '
Policy Statement
,
It is the policy of the Town of Holder: Beach to work toward the
protection and enhancement of North Carolina's sport and
commercial fisheries industry. Development or any activity which
'
will adversely affect coastal and estuarine waters will be
prohibited. Those structures which support commercial and
recreational fisheries will be allowed to be placed adjacent to
,
coastal and estuarine waters if all required permits are obtained.
In the design, construction and operation of water dependent
structures, efforts will be made to mitigate negative effects on
,
water quality and fish habitat, as determined by 15A NCAC 7H,
the Division of Environmental Management and the Coastal
Resources Commission. The developer and/or owner will bear
,
the cost of any such mitigation.
Holder: Beach supports the N. C. Division of Marine Fisheries'
'
efforts to develop regulations and policies that help protect ocean
and estuarine water quality.
,
Holden Beach also supports the efforts of many coastal
communities to restrict operation of Menhaden fishing activities
to an area outside a one -mile limit of the island.
,
In order to expand Holden Beach's sport and commercial '
fishing, Holden Beach will permit private and public dredging
activities which will positively affect those industries when all
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 59 '

F
federal, State and local permits are obtained. It is recognized that
in dredging and stabilization activities, some fish habitat damage
may occur. Only those projects which have a reasonable
likelihood of providing greater benefits than damage for marine
life will be supported. All dredging and stabilization projects
must be performed in a manner which will do minimal damage
to fish habitats.
Implementation
This policy will be implemented through continued enforcement of
state regulations, and the CAMA major and minor permitting
process. The town will continue close coordination with other
North Carolina coastal communities and will work with them in
concert toward common objectives.
2. Off -Road Vehicles
Policy Identification
.Holden Beach is concerned that the aesthetics of the beach strand
and the stability of the sand dunes be maintained. The intrusion of
off -road vehicles onto the strand and dunes is inconsistent with
these management objectives. Holden Beach Code does not allow
vehicles in the shoreline area, with the exception of public service
or emergency vehicles.
Policy Statement
It is the policy of the Town of Holden not to allow off -road
vehicles on the dunes or on the shoreline area, with the exception
of public service or emergency vehicles and inherited commercial
fishing right access.
Implementation
The Town of Holden Beach will implement this policy through
enforcement of Town ordinances.
3. Residential and Commercial Development
Policy Identification
Holden Beach property owners have expressed a desire to see
Holden Beach remain primarily a residential family -oriented
community.
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 60

C.
To met that objective, the majority of property owners favor
primarily residential development, with little or no increases in
commercial development. However, property owners are not
necessarily opposed to construction of commercial buildings —
within existiniz commercial zones — so long as they are designed
and built to standards compatible with other Holden Beach
'
architecture.
Policy Statement I
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to continue to
support primarily residential development on the island, while ,
limiting any additional commercial development to the existing
commercial zone. The town does not support increasing the size
of the commercial zone. i
Implementation
The Planningand Zoning Board will be directed b Town officials
g Y
to carefully review applications for new commercial activity within '
the commercial zone, so as to assure that buildings are constructed
along comparable architectural lines as other buildings within the
community. The board will also be instructed to accept no
applications that would, if approved, increase the size of any C-1
zoning district.
Economic and Community Development I
This section presents policy associated with the town's economy and t
community development. The intent is to provide policy to guide the
future growth of the community in ways that support realization of the
community vision. '
1. Community Attitude Toward Growth
Policy Identification ,
The Town of Holden Beach experienced rapid growth since the '
1980's. As discussed earlier in this plan, the community adopted a
vision statement that is intended to guide future development. '
While growth is inevitable, property owners and elected officials
seek to properly control and limit that expansion within accepted
parameters. '
There are two patterns of growth on Holden Beach. "New
development" and "redevelopment". Newly designed and I
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 61 '

7
constructed homes are sited on vacant lots at a rate of near sixty
per year. Holden Beach has no "neighborhoods" that might be
considered for redevelopment, such as might be the case in larger
cities and towns — redevelopment on Holden Beach applies simply
to older, single-family and multi -family homes interspersed
throughout the island. For example, many older homes are often
remodeled, relocated or rebuilt annually on the island for various
reasons.
Together, these two types of development add to the assessed tax
value for the community. This increases the economic well being
of the town, and allows for potential placement of funds into
capital reserve to meet future contingency needs and public service
growth opportunities.
Policy Statement
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to manage the
Town's growth and development in balance with the environment
and the provision of municipal services, and consistent with the
community vision statement.
' All new development and redevelopment will adhere to the
Town Is building and development regulations and to the density
requirements set forth in the Zoning Ordinance.
' Implementation
' To accomplish this goal, the Town Board of Commissioners will
direct the Planning and Zoning Board to review current uses now
permitted to determine if they are consistent with the desires of
t Holden Beach property owners; and, if necessary, revise the
Zoning Ordinance following required public hearings.
0
All applications for property redevelopment will be reviewed
according to town and state regulations.
2. Local Commitment to Providing Services
Policy Identification
Holden Beach chooses to provide services such as volunteer fire
protection, police protection, water distribution service and solid
waste removal.
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 62

3.
Policy Statement
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to provide services
such as fire protection through a volunteer fire department,
police protection, water distribution service and solid waste
removal. However, the town recognizes that is may be necessary
to examine, during the planning period, the feasibility of
eventually transferring the town -owned water distribution system
to Brunswick County.
Implementation
The Town of Holden Beach will continue to annually fund
adequate volunteer fire protection, police protection, water
distribution and solid waste removal.
Growth Patterns Desired
Policy Identification
Property owners of Holden Beach desire to see planning emphasis
on growth that adheres to the community vision statement — e.g. a
family -oriented residential community. In summary, the following
growth principles are desired:
• Control building height.
• Lower building density.
• Increase minimum lot size in subdivisions.
• Limit development primarily to single-family homes.
• Control commercial development within set architectural
guidelines and within existing zones.
• Protect conservation areas.
Policy Statement
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to limit building
height below 35 feet. It also the policy of the town to work to
lower building density on undeveloped property on the island,
and to prevent the expansion of the commercial zone while
restricting new development in those zones to architectural
standards set by the Board of Commissioners.
The town will enforce state and local regulations involving
development in or adjacent to conservation zones, and set their
preservation as a long term objective.
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Implementation
The Planning and Zoning Board, Town Manager and Board of
Commissioners will review existing town policy and regulations
and make appropriate recommendations for changes that adhere to
the above policy. The Town Manager will also work with the
Planning & Zoning Board to create a standard criteria for
architectural design in the commercial zone.
The local government will examine the feasibility and affordability
of placing land within the conservation zone under town ownership
or control such that it may always remain preserved and
undeveloped.
4. Redevelopment of Developed Areas
Policy Identification
Sometimes, redevelopment is caused by coastal storms and
associated beach erosion. When a home is damaged (for whatever
reason) beyond 50% of its value, it may not be possible for the
property owner to rebuild if the property does not meet town and
CAMA hazard setback requirements. In this case, the
home/structure may be moved to another location that meets this
criteria, or be subject to demolition as a public nuisance.
Policy Statement
It is the policy of the Town of Holder: Beach that homes and
other structures may be redeveloped (rebuilt) on the same
property as a result of coastal storms or other reasons, so long as
they are not damaged beyond 50% of their value. If damages
exceed 50% of value, then redevelopment on the same property
must meet town and state requirements pertaining to hazard
setback, and septic tank installation.
' Structures may be moved off property subject to erosion and
relocated elsewhere so long as that movement meets the
requirements of the town ordinance and building code.
It is also the policy of the town that homes damaged as a result of
erosion or coastal storms may be considered a public nuisance
and may be subject to removal at property owner expense.
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 64

Implementation
The town will enforce its zoning and other land use ordinance to
manage and control property/structure redevelopment.
5. Commitment to State and Federal Programs
Policy Identification
There is a need for Holden Beach to support state and federal
programs which directly or indirectly enhance or improve the
Town's public and private facilities. Specifically important are
programs to:
• assist in controlling oceanfront and waterway erosion,
• provide public access facilities to recreational areas,
• maintain highways and roads,
• and provide dredging of adjacent waters.
The above programs may, when executed, significantly
complement town efforts to realize the community vision. As such,
they must be supported as much as is possible and applicable.
Policy Statement
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to support state and
federal programs such as coastal area management, erosion
control and mitigation, public recreational access, highway and
road improvements, dredging (channel maintenance and beach
renourishment), and other similar programs that may be
appropriate for the town.
More specifically, the town strongly supports the efforts of the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to study the effects of
reorientation of the Lockwoods Folly Inlet, and to develop an
engineering plan to renourish a large percentage of beach areas
on the island.
The town understands the need for Corps of Engineers,
maintenance dredging of adjacent waters, but seeks to control
dredging so it does not directly or indirectly increase beach or
waterway erosion: on the island. In all dredging cases, spoil
resulting should be located on the island so as to mitigate the
effects of past erosion: or to prevent additional erosion.
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Implementation
The Town Manager and elected officials will remain cognizant of
information and planning associated with appropriate state and
federal programs that may provide support in the above areas. The
town will continue to execute a public information program to
fully advise property owners of the basic intent and purpose of
these programs, and will seek their support in that regard.
6. Tourism
Policy Identification
In a sense, "tourism" is at the economic heart of Holden Beach.
The difference between the town's seasonal and permanent
population is proof alone that "residents" are composed of people
living on the island year around, and "tourists" are those who visit
daily and weekly for recreational and vacation purposes. For
example, compare approximately 750 permanent "residents" in
January, to over 15,000 in July. This tremendous increase is due
primarily because of tourism.
Most new home construction on the island is devoted, in part, to
rental business — for tourists. Also, the island commercial
businesses receive much of their annual income from tourists, and
so do those merchants and service providers located nearby Holden
Beach.
It is therefore essential that the town consider the impact of this
"industry" upon the future of the community. In that regard, the
town has enacted a 6% Occupancy Tax on gross monthly receipts
from rental property. Of that amount, 1% is required to be given to
Brunswick County to support tourism, 3% is used to support town
tourist -related support activities, and 2% is designated as "Capital
Reserves - Beach" to sustain and preserve the recreational beach —
for use by tourists, the general public and property owners.
Policy Statement
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to support and
promote tourism as an essential economic activity having direct
positive economic impact of future development..
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 66

Implementation
The town will continue to collect a room occupancy tax to provide
partial funding for tourist -related activities and support. The town
will also work with other coastal communities in Brunswick
County, through local Chambers of Commerce, to publicize and
promote the unique nature of Holden Beach for family vacations.
8. Public Beach and Waterfront Access
Policy Identification
The Town of Holden Beach is sensitive to the need to provide
appropriate public beach and waterfront access, as well as the need
to maximize effective use of existing access areas. In some areas of
the community, public beach access appears to be adequate, while
other areas lack sufficient public access — especially that for
handicapped individuals.
Policy Statement
It is the policy of the Tows: of Holden Beach to support the use of
CAMA access grants to improve beach and Intracoastal
Waterway access for all residents and public visitors.
In that regard, Holden Beach supports the establishment of "No
Parking" zones along the selected road rights -of -way, and public
frontal dune walkways and ramps at selected points along the
beach front.
The Town will seek to acquire land for additional beach access
locations, and to construct as many accessways as possible to
American Disabilities Act standards. The town will also seek to
provide sufficient Intracoastal Waterway access.
Implementation
Holden Beach will consider the use of CAMA planning and access
grant funds and all other resources to execute projects where
additional public access is needed. The town will work with
property owners, through public meetings and other forums to seek
consensus on where public access points should be located.
Finally, the town will inform all property owners of the tax
advantages of donating ocean front property to the town — property
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no longer meeting building ocean hazard area setback
requirements.
9. Capital Improvements Plan
Policy Identification
A responsible town government should develop a long range (five-
year) capital improvements plan so that projected future revenues
and expenses can be analyzed to provide funds to finance capital
improvement projects. Examples on Holden Beach are water
distribution system additions or replacement, sewage collection
systems, street and roadway improvements, parks and recreation
improvements, stormwater management projects, and beach
renourishment.
'
Currently, the town has no capital improvements plan; however,
the Board of Commissioners has directed the Town Manager to
prepare one prior to the end of CY 1998. When this necessary
'
document is approved, the town will have a valuable planning
document future financial
to guide allocation of resources.
Policy Statement
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to prepare a Five -
Year Capital Improvements Plan prior to preparing the 1999-
2000 operating budget.
' Implementation
The Town Manager will prepare the Capital Improvements Plan
for official town review before the end of CY 1998.
D. Continuing Public Participation
The of this section is to discuss the involvement of property
purpose P
owners from Holden Beach in the development of this land use plan
' update. Unlike prior sections, there is only one policy statement contained
herein.
IPolicy Identification
' Communications and public education about land use planning on Holden
Beach is key to the successful development of a plan that has credibility
with those it is designed to support. To meet that objective, several public
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 68

meetings for property owners were conducted to obtain public comment,
and to answer questions concerning the desired future of Holden Beach.
'
In addition, the town sent two lengthy questionnaires to property owners
during the land use plan update process and asked them to answer a series
of questions designed to gain public opinion on important land use topics
,
and issues. Response rates from both questionnaires were excellent — the
second questionnaire was mailed to approximately 1500 property owners,
with more than half responding. Appendix 4 contains the survey data.
,
In addition to the public information meetings and the two planning
questionnaires, the Planning and Zoning Board and Board of '
Commissioners were involved to discuss the results of the public
participation process and to obtain guidance on how that data was to be
used. '
In summary, the results of public participation meetings and
questionnaires helped establish issues, goals and objectives and, as a
'
result, policy to develop land use goals and objectives as they apply to
Holden Beach.
,
The public participation process must continue after formal adoption of
the Land Use Plan Update, so as to assure that property owners remain
involved in helping its
'
guide the town toward realization of vision.
Policy Statement I
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to continue to include
Holden Beach property owners in the land use planning process, so they ,
may express their views and concerns, and to broaden their knowledge
of planning issues. It shall also be Holden Beach policy to review the
policy and implementation section of this Land Use Plan, once adopted, '
on an annual basis to review how policy implementation is taking place.
Implementation I
The Town Manager will review policy implementation with the Board of
Commissioners at the first meeting in January each year prior to the next I
land use plan update.
E. Storm Hazard Mitigation and Post Disaster Recovery and Evacuation '
Plans
Perhaps nothing in the way of planning is more important on a barrier '
island off the coast of North Carolina than is coastal storm preparedness
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 69 '

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and damage control/n1itigation. This section addresses these two topics in
reverse order.
1. Storm Hazard Mitigation
Policy Identification
During coastal storms, Holden Beach is potentially subject to
severe island flooding, beach erosion, storm surge wave action, and
high winds. Due to Holden Beach's east -west orientation along the
coast line, northeast storms will not have a pronounced effect on
the beach in terms of heavy wave action, as the prevailing winds
will pass over the beach from the mainland, thereby somewhat
attenuating the wind effects of the storm on water surge. Southeast
arriving storms have the opposite and more damaging effect.
Flooding and beach erosion due to high tides are possible
regardless of storm direction. Moreover the entire Town of Holden
Beach is susceptible to significant storm damage from a hurricane.
Currently, all of the island is located in Areas of Environmental
Concern and/or in areas susceptible to flooding associated with the
100-year storm.
' The Town of Holden Beach annually updates its Storm Hazard
Mitigation, Evacuation and Post Disaster Recovery Plan. The plan
addresses the need to minimize potential dangers, ensures effective
' evacuation when necessary, and allows for a safe and orderly
island re-entry by property owners following a storm.
' Composite Hazards Map and Land Use Affected
The Composite Hazards Map consists of the CAMA (V-Zone)
' AEC, Inlet Hazard Areas and Ocean Erodible Areas of
Environmental Concern. The latter are discussed in Appendix 5.
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Policy Statement
In the following categories, it is the policy of the Town of Holden
Beach to plan accordingly for:
High Winds — Holden Beach supports enforcement of tl:e N. C.
State Building Code. The Town will continue to enforce the State
Building Code on wind resistant construction with design
standards of from 120 to 150 mph wind loads.
Flooding and Storm Surge — Holden Beach is an active
participant in the National Flood Insurance Program and is
supportive of hazard mitigation elements. Holden Beach is
participating in the regular phase of the insurance program.
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 70

Holden Beach also supports continued enforcement of the
CAMA and 404 wetlands development permit processes in areas
potentially susceptible to flooding.
Wave Action and Shoreline Erosion — Holden Beach is
supportive of the CAMA development permit process for
estuarine shoreline areas and the requisite development
standards which encourage both shoreline stabilization and
facilitation of proper drainage.
Development in Hazardous Areas — The Town of Holden Beach
shalt continue to discourage high -intensity uses and large
structures being constructed within the 100 year floodplain,
erosion prone areas, and other locations susceptible to hurricane
and flooding hazards.
Public Acquisition of Hazardous Areas — The Town of Holden
Beach shall consider purchasing parcels located in hazard areas
or rendered unbuildable by storms or other events, for the
purpose of public water access and conservation of open: space if
funding, including State or federal funding, is available.
Implementation
These policies will be implementation through applicable codes,
ordinances, regulations and forms of available funding.
2. Evacuation Plans
Policy Identification
The purpose of the Hurricane Evacuation Plan is to identify actions
taken by the public during a hurricane emergency to minimize
danger, to ensure orderly and coordinated evacuation of the island,
to identify the basic actions and procedures to be followed by the
Town officials, and to assist in an orderly recovery following the
emergency.
Policy Statement
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to provide for an
orderly and timely evacuation: of Tows: property owners and
visitors during a declared emergency by following established
procedures set forth by the Holden Beach Evacuation Plan and
by the Brunswick County Emergency Management Agency.
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Implementation
The town will follow its storm preparedness plan
3. Post Disaster Recovery
Policy Identification
Holden Beach's Hurricane Evacuation Plan states the Town's
recovery and reconstruction policies. This plan also outlines the
sequence of procedures to be followed to meet State and federal
disaster relief regulations including the organization of a Damage
Assessment Team, criteria for assessing the damage, and the
organization of recovery operations. The reconstruction policies
outline the procedures for allowing residents to return to their
properties, the issuance of building permits and the restoration of
public facilities.
Policy Statement
It is the policy of the Town of Holden Beach to follow the
Hurricane Preparedness Plan for Holden Beach in coordination
with the Brunswick County Emergency Services Agency.
Implementation
The Town of Holden Beach shall continue to improve on its
present plans for evacuation, recovery and reconstruction as well as
support planning efforts by the Brunswick County Emergency
Services Agency.
VII. LAND CLASSIFICATION
A land classification system has been devised as a means of assisting in the
implementation of the local policies adopted pursuant to Rule .0212 of Section
T15A: 07B .0200 of the North Carolina Administrative Code. By delineating land
classes on a map, local government and its citizens can specify those areas where
certain policies (local, state and federal) will apply. The land classification system
should be supported by and be consistent with zoning, subdivision and other local
growth management tools. Although specific areas are outlined on a land
classification map, land classification is merely a tool to help implement policies
and not, in the strict sense of the term, a regulatory mechanism. (See note on Land
Classification Map.)
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 72

A.
1.
Land Classification Definitions
The land classification system set forth by the CAMA Guidelines includes
seven major categories: Developed, Urban Transition, Limited Transition,
Community, Rural, Rural with Services, and Conservation. In preparing
the Land Classification Map for Holden Beach, two of the seven land
classifications have been used, specifically Developed and Conservation;
with a third classification identified by Holden Beach officials,
specifically Low Density Development Area; all of which are defined
below. The definitions below are derived, in part, from CAMA guidelines.
Developed
a. Policy and Planning Emphasis. On Holden Beach, the
Developed classification applies to areas where minimal
undeveloped land remains and where redevelopment and
controlled growth continues. The area has utility and other
municipal services available and includes mixed land uses
such as single-family residential, multi -family residential
and commercial uses. Population densities within this area
are seasonal, with the highest density occurring from June
through October.
The planning emphasis within this classification area is to
allow for controlled growth and development according to
policy guidance and regulations contained in applicable
Town Code.
b. Purpose. The purpose of the Developed class is to provide
for continued development and redevelopment of existing
cities, towns and their urban environs.
C. Description and characteristics. Areas meeting the intent of
the Developed classification are currently urban in character
where minimal undeveloped land remains and have in
place, or are scheduled for the timely provision of, the
usual municipal or public services. Urban in character
includes mixed land uses such as residential, commercial,
industrial, institutional and other uses at high to moderate
densities. Services include water, sewer, recreational
facilities, streets and roads, police and fire protection. In
some instances an area may not have all the traditional
urban services in place, but if it otherwise has a developed
character and is scheduled for the timely provision of these
services, it still meets the intent of this classification if they
contain a density of three or more dwelling units per acre; a
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Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 73 ,

majority of lots of 15,000 square feet or less, which are
provided or scheduled to be provided with the traditional
urban services; or have permanent population densities that
are high and seasonal populations that may swell
significantly.
2. Low Density Development Area
a. Policy and Planning Emphasis. On Holden Beach, the Low
Density Development Area classification applies to those
land areas upon which spoil dredged from the Intracoastal
Waterway by the Corps of Engineers is placed (Rural
Special Use - RS, on Holden Beach Zoning Map, or Rural
District - R, for single-family dwellings at 2.5 units per
acre).The area may be adjacent to the Corps of Engineers
right-of-way along the waterway. The planning emphasis
within this classification is to identify a segment of land on
the island that is used to place dredge spoil, or land that
may be suitable for low density single-family development.
If land within the RS zoned area of the classification
contains sufficient dredge spoil that it might be considered
appropriate for future development (assuming local, state
and federal permits could be obtained), then these land
areas could be considered for single-family development
according to applicable Town Code and density limit of 2.5
units per acre.
b. Purpose. The Low Density Development Area classification
includes land areas established primarily for use by Corps
of Engineers spoil activities or for single family
development at a maximum of 2.5 units per acre over areas
suitable for building per state and local regulations —
buildings must be sited according to low building density
policy discussed earlier in this plan ( Part VI, C, 3). Single
family development shall not be located in areas defined as
Coastal Wetlands AEC. Any proposed development in this
classification must be consistent with all local zoning
ordinance and must obtain all local, state and federal
permits including road and utility extension.
3. Conservation
a. Policy and Planning Emphasis. On Holden Beach, the
Conservation classification applies to all land areas that
contain coastal and other wetlands, marshlands and beach
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 74

and Intracoastal Waterway shoreline areas of environmental
concern.
The planning emphasis within this classification is to
protect and preserve the natural integrity of a fragile,
irreplaceable and unique barrier island environment, while
at the same time providing open space with scenic views
afforded to adjacent property owners and others who visit
the island.
b. Purpose. The purpose of the Conservation class is to
provide for the effective long-term management and
protection of significant, limited or irreplaceable areas.
Management is needed due to the natural, cultural,
recreational, scenic or natural productive values of both
local and more than local concern. The primary intent of
the Conservation class is to provide protection for the
fragile resources that involve, in part AECs.
Land Classification Map
The Land Classification Map is divided into three classifications which are
Developed, Low Density Development Areas and Conservation.
The Developed classification includes land area at Holden Beach that is
either currently developed or where minimal undeveloped land remains.
There are 12 Low Density Development Areas shown on the Land
Classification Map, which all occur on the northern side of the island
adjacent to the Intracoastal Waterway. The land in this classification
includes areas used for dredge spoil or areas zoned Rural District on the
Holden Beach Zoning Map.
The Conservation classification is made up of coastal wetlands, estuarine
waters or inlet hazard AEC areas found at the western and eastern end of
the island.
The Land Classification Map is for general use only. Final determination
of location for Conservation or Low Density Development Area
Classification shall be made by the responsible federal, state or local
official having regulatory authority and such determination shall be made
based on a field investigation of any area in question.
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VIII. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
• To prepare the 1997 Land Use Plan Update, there has been discussion with
County Planning staff about issues such as a possible ETJ or annexation of the
NC 130 commercial corridor on the north side of the Holden Beach bridge.
• To address the need for a central sewage system and storm drainage system,
Holden Beach officials are coordinating with Brunswick County in their
efforts to investigate a regional central sewer system and storm drainage plan.
If a regional sewer system is found to be feasible, there will be a great deal of
coordination required between local governments to implement such a system.
• Holden Beach officials are also working with other Brunswick County beach
communities in a coordinated effort to receive grant funds for renourishment
of the beach front and frontal dunes.
IX. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION DURING LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
(See Appendix 4)
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update
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APPENDIX]
1990 HOLDEN BEACH LAND USE PLAN
Summary of the Policy Section
This is a summary of some of the major points in the 1990 Land Use Plan.
6.1 Resource Protection
6.1.1 Areas of Environmental Concern
Holden Beach will support and enforce through its delegated CAMA permitting
authority the State policies and permitted uses in the Areas of Environmental
Concern (AEC's).
6.1.2 The Estuarine System
Holden Beach will promote conservation and management of the estuarine
system.
The management objective for the system shall be to give highest priority to the
protection and coordinated management of all the elements as an interrelated
group of AEC's in order to safeguard and perpetuate the above states values.
Permitted land uses in these areas shall be those which are water dependent
• Coastal Wetlands: Acceptable land uses may include utility easements,
fishing piers, and docks. Unacceptable uses may include, but would not be
limited to, restaurants, businesses, residences, apartments, motels, hotels,
floating homes, parking lots, private roads, and highways.
• Estuarine Waters: Holden Beach shall promote the conservation and quality
of this resource. Appropriate uses may include simple access channels,
structures which prevent erosion, navigational channels, boat docks, piers, and
mooring pilings.
Holden Beach supports projects in estuarine water areas which aim to
increase the productivity of these waters.
• Public Trust Areas: In the absence of overriding public benefit, any use which
significantly interferes with the public right of navigation or other public trust
rights which apply in the area shall not be allowed.
• Estuarine Shoreline: Holden Beach supports the Division of Coastal
Management and the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers in their efforts to
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preserve the Estuarine Shoreline AEC, their dredging operations, and their
efforts to find suitable locations for spoil material.
Residential and recreational land uses are all appropriate types of use along
the estuarine shoreline, provided that all standards of NCAC 15 Subchapter
7H relevant to estuarine shoreline AEC's are met.
• Ocean Hazard Areas: Holden Beach supports the State policies for ocean
hazard areas in Subchapter 7H of the State CAMA regulations. The ocean
hazard area designation for Holden Beach includes the AEC's of ocean
erodible areas, high hazard flood areas, and inlet hazard areas.
Residential, commercial, and recreational land uses are also acceptable types
of use in ocean hazard areas provided that:
(1) for small structures such as residences, setback measurements begin at the
first line of stable vegetation and continue inland to a depth 30 times the
average annual rate of erosion.
• Natural Cultural, and Historic Resource Areas: Holden Beach will support
and protect natural, cultural, and historic resources found in the Town. These
resources will be protected for their scientific, educational, or associative
values, and for any aesthetic qualities.
The Town of Holden Beach does not currently have any identified or listed
natural, cultural, or historic resources of State or federal significance.
• Industrial Impacts on Fragile Areas: Holden Beach supports protective
' measures and use standards which would prevent industrial development
impacts to fragile areas, including appropriate planning and zoning ordinances
governing such industrial development.
• Water Supply Areas: Holden Beach recognizes that future demand for water
supply may require consideration of using additional existing areas within
' Holden Beach to meet potential water supply needs.
• Waters With Special Values: Currently there are no waters specifically
' designated as Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW) within the Town of
Holden Beach. Holden Beach supports protective measures and use standards
to prevent adverse impacts to waters identified as having special values.
' • Man -Made Hazards: There have been no man-made hazards identified during
the planning process for Holden Beach.
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 78

6.1.3 Stormwater Runoff
The Town of Holden Beach supports North Carolina Stormwater Control '
Regulations.
6.1.4 Development of Sound and Estuarine System Islands '
It is the policy of Holden Beach to review proposals for development on nearby '
estuarine "islands" only for residential development at densities consistent with
the Town's zoning ordinance and the policies of this land use plan.
6.1.5 Marinas '
The Town of Holden Beach discourages the development of any marinas,
including upland marinas in excavated basins, on the barrier island. Dry storage
of boats by individual owners is encouraged. Commercial seafood vessel dockage '
along the AIWW is deemed acceptable. The Town will carefully review all
marine related use development proposals for consistency with this policy.
6.1.6 Floating Homes I
The Town of Holden Beach does not allow floating home development of any '
type.
6.1.7 Rising Sea Level
'
The Town will consider any State and federal policies formulated prior to
formulating specific policies regarding sea level rise.
'
6.1.8 Bulkheads, Groins. Jetties and Seawalls
,
New bulkheads, groins, seawalls, or other shoreline hardening erosion control
structures are not permitted on the oceanfront according to NC CAMA
regulations. Holden Beach will fully comply with State regulations.
'
6.1.9 Potable Water Supply
Holden Beach's potable water is supplied by the Brunswick County water system
described herein before. The Town encourages and supports water conservation
practices. Holden Beach requires all new development to tie into its system for
'
potable water supply and prohibits individual wells for potable use.
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6.1.10 Wastewater Treatment and Disposal
The Town of Holden Beach supports safe and adequate wastewater treatment and
disposal without pollution of groundwater or surrounding waters.
It is the policy of Holden Beach to discourage the use of package sewage
treatment plants largely due to problems commonly related to long term operation
and maintenance by private entities.
6.1.11 Solid Waste Disposal
It is the policy of Holden Beach to have this service provided in an efficient, safe
and sanitary manner. Holden Beach presently uses the County landfill for solid
waste disposal.
6.1.12 Storm Drainage
Growth and development will not be allowed where poor drainage exists unless
appropriate corrective improvements are to be completed as part of the project.
The Town will work towards developing a master plan for improving stormwater
drainage on the island.
6.1.13 Bearing Capacity
Growth and development will be discouraged in areas where soils will not
adequately support buildings.
6.2 Resource Production and Management
6.2.1. Commercial and Recreational Fisheries
Holden Beach will encourage the preservation and expansion of its fisheries
industry, both sport and commercial.
Holden Beach respects inherited rights of access for commercial fisherman to
retrieve their catch from the beach.
Any development which will profoundly and/or adversely affect coastal and
estuarine waters will be discouraged.
Holden Beach will support private and public projects which will positively affect
sport and commercial fisheries industries. Holden Beach supports State and
federal channel and inlet dredging projects which will increase the water access
for fishing boats.
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 80

6.2.2 Productivity I
Holden Beach supports projects and activities which increase productivity of '
coastal and estuarine waters. Holden Beach supports the Brunswick County
Shellfish Action Plan.
Holden Beach will support and assist the Division of Marine Fisheries in its '
Fisheries Management Enforced Activities.
6.2.3 OfRoad Vehicles and Vehicles on Beach Areas ,
Holden Beach discourages the operation of off road vehicles in the island's '
undeveloped, natural areas. All such vehicles are prohibited from the beach and
dune areas year round.
6.3 Economic Growth and Community Development
The Town of Holden Beach supports the development of single family residences '
with low to medium density, providing there are no negative impacts to
neighboring land uses or the natural environment. Any commercial development ,
will be limited and intended to accommodate the needs of island residents.
6.3.1 Industry '
Holden Beach will encourage industrial development in the area of Brunswick
County, but only outside its town limits.
6.3.2 Transportation
Holden Beach supports any transportation improvement or program that will
benefit the people of Holden Beach.
6.3.3 Tourism ,
The Town of Holden Beach recognizes the importance and necessity of ,
summer/seasonal residential tourists in houses (rental) and properly managed
camping facilities. However, it is the policy of the Town to not promote or
encourage commercial/hotel development to accommodate tourists. Holden '
Beach does not want to promote "high intensity" tourism.
6.3.4 Beach and Water Access '
Holden Beach supports the spending of tax money to improve beach access for all
residents and visitors. The Town will continue to improve and maintain its
existing beach access facilities.
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 81 '

Holden Beach supports the establishment of additional official beach access
points with designated parking lots when and where the need is demonstrated.
6.3.5 Commitment to Federal and State Programs
The Town of Holden Beach supports the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers in the
maintenance dredging of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, the Lockwoods
Folly and Shallotte Inlets, and in the renourishment of the region's beaches.
6.3.6 Channel Maintenance and Beach Erosion Control
The Town supports the development of a special tax district to finance the
maintenance dredging of its canals, and will work to establish such a district in the
coming fiscal year.
Holden Beach supports the continuation of the dune restoration and planting
program. Funds for dune restoration/shoreline protection will be allocated in the
Town's annual budget.
The Town also supports and encourages the deposition of suitable spoil from
dredging projects onto nearby shorelines for beach renourishment and erosion
control.
6.3.7 Growth Patterns
' Holden Beach's policy is to discourage large incremental amounts of growth and
development and large increases in population. Low to medium density
residential growth is preferred.
' It is the policy of the Town to consider exercising extraterritorial jurisdiction on
the mainland adjacent to Holden Beach only as future circumstances warrant.
' 6.3.8 Housing and Property
'
Holden Beach will encourage seasonal and permanent single family residences at
low to medium densities. Holden Beach will encourage the development of any
individual residential projects over three acres as planned unit developments. The
Town will maintain its 35-foot building height limitation.
Reconstruction or relocation of structures threatened, damaged or destroyed by
'
coastal storms will proceed according to State CAMA requirements and the Storm
Hazard Mitigation - Post Disaster Recovery and Evacuation Plans.
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 82

6.3.9 Energy Facility Siting and Development
The Town of Holden Beach supports the State policies on offshore continental
shelf drilling for oil and gas. The location of any shoreside OCS facilities at
Holden Beach would be inappropriate and is strongly discouraged.
6.3.10 Government Agency Planning and Development
Holden Beach has an interest in any planning and development by other
government agencies. Prior to any decisions by the U. S. Army Corps of
Engineers that impact the location of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway right-of-
way line, the Town of Holden Beach shall be notified in writing.
6.4. Storm Hazard Mitigation -- Post Disaster Recovery and Evacuation Plan
6.4.1 Storm Hazard Mitigation Policies
These policies meet the requirements for storm hazard mitigation planning
outlined in the publication Before the Storm.2./
6.4.3 Post Disaster Recovery
PUSHING SAND TO RESTORE DUNE - - Before any sand can be pushed on
the strand to restore the dune, a dune line must be established by CAMA.
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 83

' APPENDIX 2
(Note: This Appendix contains items required by State Guidelines for preparation: of
' Land Use Plans. Items contained herein are not applicable to Holden Beach,
but are listed for information purposes.)
' Land Suitability Constraints Not Applicable to Holden Beach
As Required by Guidelines for Preparation of
Land Use Plans in the State of North Carolina
a. Man-made Hazard Areas Including Airports, Tank Farms, and Nuclear Power Plants
' Holden Beach does not contain an airport, tank farms or nuclear power plant.
' b. Water Supply Including Groundwater Recharge Areas, Public Water Supply
Watershed and Well Fields
Small surface water supply watersheds are catchment areas situated entirely
within the coastal area which contain a water body classified as A -II by the
Environmental Management Commission. The maximum beneficial use of these
'
bodies of water is to serve as public water supply areas.
Public water supply well fields are areas of well -drained sands that extend
'
downward from the surface into the shallow ground water table which supplies
the public with potable water. These surface well fields are confined to a readily
definable geographic area as identified by the North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources with assistance and support from affected
local governments.
' The Water Supply Protection Rules adopted in 1992 required that all local
governments having land use jurisdiction within water supply watersheds adopt
and implement water supply watershed protection ordinances, maps and a
' management plan. Municipalities with populations less than 5,000 were to
submit their ordinances by October 1, 1993. Holden Beach does not have a
water supply watershed or well fields within its municipal boundary; therefore,
' a Watershed Protection Ordinance is not applicable to Holden Beach.
' Fragile Area Definitions Not on Holden Beach
As Required by Guidelines for Preparation of
Land Use Plans in the State of North Carolina
' Complex Natural Areas
' Coastal complex natural areas are defined as lands that support native
plant and animal communities and provide habitat qualities which have
remained essentially unchanged by human activity. Such areas may be
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 84

either significant components of coastal systems or especially notable
habitat areas of scientific, educational, or aesthetic value. They may be
surrounded by landscape that has been modified but does not drastically
alter conditions within the natural area. Such areas may have been altered
by human activity and/or subject to limited future modifications, e.g. the
placement of dredge spoil, if the CRC determines that the modifications
benefit the plant or animal habitat or enhance the biological, scientific or
educational values which will be protected by designation as an AEC.
There are no known complex natural areas on Holden Beach.
e. Areas that Sustain Remnant Species
Coastal areas that sustain remnant species are those areas that support
native plants and animals which are threatened to be rare or endangered.
There are no known areas on Holden Beach that sustain remnant species.
f. Areas Containing Unique Geologic Formations
Unique coastal geologic formations are defined as sites that contain
geologic formations that are unique or otherwise significant components
of coastal systems, or that are especially notable examples of geologic
formations or processes in the coastal area.
There are no known unique coastal geologic formations on Holden Beach.
g. Scenic and Prominent High Points
There are three scenic points on the northern side of Ocean View
Boulevard with beautiful vistas of extensive marsh areas. There are no
known designated prominent high points on Holden Beach.
h. Historic and Archaeoloizical Sites
Significant coastal historic architectural resources are defined as districts,
structures, buildings, sites or objects that have more than local significance
to history or architecture. Such areas will be evaluated by the North
Carolina Historical Commission in consultation with the CRC.
There are no known historic sites on Holden Beach.
Significant coastal archaeological resources are defined as areas that
contain archaeological remains (objects, features and/or sites) that have
more than local significance to history or prehistory. Such areas will be
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Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 85 ,

'
evaluated by the North Carolina Historical Commission in consultation
with the CRC.
'
There are no known archaeological sites on Holden Beach.
'
Areas Identified Throz«h DEHR'S Natural Heritage Program
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program of the Division of Parks and
'
Recreation works to identify and facilitate protection of the most
ecologically significant natural areas remaining in the State. Natural areas
may be identified because they provide important habitat for rare species
'
or because they contain outstanding examples of the rich natural diversity
of this State.
'
The North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources,
Division of Parks and Recreation, Natural Heritage Program in
cooperation with the N.C. Center for Geographic Information and
'
Analysis, developed the Natural Areas digital data to determine the areas
containing ecologically significant natural communities or rare species.
This data was created to assist governmental agencies and others in
'
making resource management decisions through use of a Geographic
Information System (GIS).
'
The Natural Heritage GIS map has no natural heritage areas identified on
Holden Beach; however, three areas have been identified on the mainland
'
north of Holden Beach and outside the Town Limits.
Areas with Resource Potential Not Found on Holden Beach
As Required by Guidelines for Preparation of
'
Land Use Plans in the State of North Carolina
' a. Productive and Unique Agricultural Lands
Based on the Prime Farmland Map prepared by the Division of Coastal
' Management dated October 21, 1996, there are no productive, unique or
prime farmlands on Holden Beach.
b. Potentially Valuable Mineral Sites There are no known mineral
sites on Holden Beach.
C. Publicly Owned Forests There are no known publicly owned forest
areas on Holden Beach.
d. Parks There are no State park sites on Holden Beach. There is one
regional CAMA access area located under the Holden Beach access
bridge.
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 86

e. Fish and Game Lands
Holden Beach does not contain any game lands. The Atlantic Ocean is
suitable for fishing with an SB water classification. The Intracoastal
Waterway has an SA water classification and is suitable for recreational
fishing and shell -fishing.
f. Non -Intensive Outdoor Recreation Lands
The only non -intensive outdoor recreation areas at Holden Beach include
the beachfront, with CAMA access points and the regional access area on
the Intracoastal Waterway.
g. Privately Owned Wildlife Sanctuaries
There are no known privately owned wildlife sanctuaries on Holden
Beach. Holden Beach is considered a bird sanctuary.
h. Prime Farm Land (Consistent with Governor's Executive Order
Number 96)
There are no prime farm lands on Holden Beach based on the Prime
Farmland Map prepared by DCM and dated October 21, 1996.
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 87

' APPENDIX 3
Soils Map
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' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update
Page 88

APPENDIX 4
Land Use Plan Update Survey Information
Background: A Public Participation Plan for the Holden Beach land use planning
process was presented and adopted by the Holden Beach Board of Commissioners
during a regular meeting held on November 19, 1996.
Prior to the adoption of the Plan, the first Public Information Meeting was
advertised and held on October 21, 1996. Approximately 47 residents or property
owners from Holden Beach were present.
A private consultant opened the meeting by briefly discussing the purpose of the
Land Use Plan Update. He then asked those present the question, "What would
you like to see happen at Holden Beach during the next five- to ten-year planning
period to make it a better place in which to live?" Using a flip chart, each response
was written down and posted around the room on the wall. Following this process,
each person was given five stickers and asked to place their stickers next to the
five items or issues that are of the greatest importance to them. Based on that
process, of those present at the meeting the following emerged as the top ten
priorities.
Priority Order
Issue
Number of Votes
1
Addressing (site specific) erosion
concerns
47
2
Immediate plan for sewer system and
stormwater
40
3
Density restrictions/building height
restrictions
17
4
Define what Town will permit regarding
reconstruction of dunes and buildings,
etc., after disaster (hurricane)
16
5
Adequate water distribution and
pressure
14
6
Limit commercial development
12
7
Playground/Park
11
8
Marshland preservation
10
9
Availability of insurance
8
10
Annexation of causeway and adjacent
4
areas
It was apparent from comments made at the meeting and the priorities shown
above that the main concerns of those present were erosion of the beach from two
recent hurricanes, need for immediate plans to address sewer system and storm
drainage, density of development, reconstruction of dunes and buildings damaged
by hurricanes, and water distribution and pressure.
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Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 89 ,

Other items of concern that ranked six through ten included placing limits on
' commercial development, need for playground/park, protection of marshlands,
availability of insurance, and annexation of causeway and adjacent areas.
' Because many of the property owners at Holden Beach are not permanent
residents, a special meeting was held on Saturday, November 30, 1996, during the
Thanksgiving weekend, to give out-of-town property owners the opportunity to
' participate in the planning process. Approximately 78 people attended this public
information meeting.
' The Consultant briefly outlined the purpose of the Land Use Plan and then asked
what those present like about Holden Beach and what they would like to see
' changed during the five- to ten-year planning period.
Mr. Robert Lineberger, a member of the Board of Directors of the Holden Beach
' Property Owners Association, Inc., read a statement from there organization of
over 500 property owners that included the following concerns.
Concern about environment and quality of life.
'
• Most concerns are caused by growth.
• Searching for ways to assure less growth, or quality growth, as
opposed to quantity growth.
'
Property values have skyrocketed.
Concern that local, State and federal authorities are doing a
'
responsible job of protecting and preserving the marshlands, wetlands
and beach environment.
Instead of spending millions of dollars for a sewer system for Holden
'
Beach, that money be used to enforce septic tank regulations and to
purchase empty marshlands and other property.
They fear increased density, more growth, high rises, more
'
commercial activity and more building lots.
Following the reading of a statement, those present raised issues that ranged from
'
retaining the beach (erosion), erosion at east end of beach, need to retain area as
family beach, need for public access along Intracoastal Waterway, to need for
landscape beautification.
'
As a follow-up to the November 30, 1996, meeting, the Holden Beach Property
Owners Association, Inc., sent out a Public Participation Survey to all members
'
asking them to check five items of greatest importance to them. These issues were
based on the comments made by those in attendance at the November 30 meeting.
There were 211 Public Participation Surveys mailed back in response to the
'
February 1997 newsletter from Holden Beach Property Owners Association, Inc.
The "number one" concern is that Holden Beach remain a residential/family
beach, with 159 out of 211 responses, or 75%, expressing a concern about this
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 90

issue. The second highest response was that Town officials should retain existing
height requirements for buildings. Out of 211 surveys returned, 106, or 50%,
expressed this concern. The top concerns expressed are listed -below, ranked one
through ten:
1 Holden Beach should remain a residential/family beach. (159)
2. Town authorities should retain existing height requirements for buildings.
(106)
3. Searching for ways to assure less growth, or quality growth, as opposed to
quantity growth. (67)
4. Concern that local, State and federal authorities are not doing a responsible
job of protecting and preserving the marshlands, wetlands and beach
environment. (60)
4. (Tie) Do not expand commercial development. (60)
5. Concern about retaining the beach. (57)
6. Instead of spending millions of dollars for a sewer system for Holden
Beach, that money be used to enforce septic tank regulations and to
purchase empty marshlands and other property. (48)
7. Maintain marsh and wildlife. (46)
7. (Tie) We should spend money to renourish the beach. If you wish to be at
Holden Beach, you must be willing to pay for renourishment of dunes.
(46)
8. Rental property should be restricted to two persons per bedroom.
Frequently rental property has more than two persons per bedroom, which
may be part of septic tank problems on beach. (44)
9. Lockwoods Inlet dredging may be causing erosion at Holden Beach. (39)
10. Concern about environment and quality of life. (32)
NOTE. Number in parentheses indicates number of responses out of 211 survey
forms returned.
Other issues included east and west end of island for access (23 responses), work
to place power lines underground (26 responses), and concern that marsh is being
filled (30 responses).
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Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update
Page 91

Following a review of the Holden Beach Property Owners Association, Inc.,
survey, the Holden Beach Planning and Zoning Board wanted to give all property
owners the opportunity to participate in the planning process. A two -page
planning questionnaire with questions gleaned from issues raised at the October
21 and November 30 public meetings was prepared. Due to changes in Town
administration, the questionnaire did not go out to citizens until June, with a
return date of July 11, 1997.One thousand five hundred questionnaires were
mailed to all Holden Beach property owners, with over one-half being returned,
which is an excellent response rate.
Of the questionnaires returned, 76%, or 516, were from non -permanent resident
' property owners. Twenty-four percent, or 242, were from permanent resident
property owners. Some of the major issues of concern follow.
' Issue — Central Sewer System (Ouestion 2)
When asked abut developing a central sewer system for Holden Beach, 79% of
non -permanent and 72% of permanent residents favor development of a central
sewer system. This was the number two priority at the October 21, 1996, public
information meeting.
Issue — Beach Erosion (Ouestion 6)
Four hundred non permanent property owners, or 78%, indicated that they would
favor Town officials establishing a program to provide on -going beach
renourishment. One hundred fourteen, or 83%, of the permanent residents
responding to the question favored such a program. Renourishment of beach was
also a high priority based on results of responses to the Holden Beach Property
Owners Association, Inc. survey, with 46 responses out of 211.
Issue — Extraterritorial Planning Jurisdiction (ETJ) for Commercial Area on
Mainland (Question 7)
Ninety-three, or 69%, of the permanent residents answering this question favor an
ETJ area being established along the mainland commercial corridor leading to
Holden Beach. Of the non -permanent residents responding to this question, 395,
or 78%, agree.
Issue —Annexation of Commercial Corridor on Mainland Side o Bridge
(Question 8)
Seventy-eight percent, or 395 non -permanent property owners responding to
question 8 favored annexation of mainland commercial corridor to increase
Holden Beach tax base. Fifty-seven percent, or 79 permanent residents also
favored annexation of this area.
' , Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 92

'
At the October 21, 1996, public information meeting, the annexation of this
commercial corridor was the number ten priority item, with four votes out of the
approximately 47 residents present at the'meeting.
,
Issue — Public Access (Question 9)
'
When asked about adequacy of public access to the beach and Intracoastal
Waterway, 61%, or 90 permanent residents, and 63%, or 326 non -permanent
resident property owners answering the question indicated that they think there is
'
adequate access.
One hundred ninety, or 37% of the non -permanent, and 58, or 39% of the
'
permanent residents, indicated that there was not adequate access.
In addition, 180, or 96% of the non -permanent resident property owners and 56,
,
or 69% of the permanent resident property owners who answered "no" to question
8 indicated in response to question 10 that they would like to see Town officials
pursue grants to fund purchase and development of additional public access to
'
beach and Intracoastal Waterway.
Issue — Town -Owned Open Space and Recreational Facilities (Question 11)
,
Eighty, or 59% of permanent residents responding to question, and 321, or 66% of
non -permanent residents think the Town of Holden Beach has adequate Town -
'
owned open space and recreational facilities.
When asked about paying additional taxes to see Town -owned open space and
'
recreational facilities developed (question 13), 348, or 74% of non -permanent
residents said "no" and 95, or 70% of permanent residents responding to the
question agreed that they would not be willing to pay additional taxes for
'
additional open space and recreational facilities.
Issue — Capital Improvements Plan (Question 14)
'
Seventy-three percent, or 339 of the non -permanent resident property owners and ,
94, or 70% of permanent residents responding to question favored Town of
Holden Beach officials budgeting funds to prepare a Capital Improvements Plan
to set priorities and cost for such facilities as sewer, water, streets, sidewalks, ,
parks, community beautification and public beach access.
Issue — Most Important Problems Facing Holden Beach (Question 1 S) ,
This question gave Holden Beach property owners the opportunity to rank the
most important problems currently facing Holden Beach. Based on the results of '
the questionnaire, they are as follows:
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 93 ,

1
IPriori Non -Permanent Residents Permanent Residents
'
1 Protection from erosion (346) Protection from erosion (92)
2 Lack of public wastewater Lack of public wastewater
disposal system (237) disposal system (67)
'
3 Overloading of septic tanks Overloading of septic tanks (55)
(219)
4 Growth management (205) Growth management (50)
'
5 Environmental protection (151) Environmental protection (31)
6 Stormwater runoff (drainage) Stormwater runoff (drainage)
(72) (31)
'
7 Parking for "day trippers" (58) Enforcement of town laws (25)
8 Enforcement of town laws (41) Parking for "day trippers" (16)
'
Note: Number in parentheses represents number of responses.
Issue — Current Rate of Growth and Development for Holden Beach (Question
16)
This question gives property owners the opportunity to indicate how they feel
'
about current rate of growth at Holden Beach
Non -Permanent Permanent Residents
About right 299 (63%) 84 (63%)
Too slow 7 (01%) 3 (02%)
Too fast 172 (36%) 47 (35%)
Total Responses 478 (100%) 104 (100%)
'
Based on the results of this question, the majority of both permanent (63%) and
non -permanent (63%) resident property owners answering the question feel that
'
the current rate of growth for Holden Beach is about right.
Issue —Type of Development to Encourage and Discourage (Question17)
This question gave property owners the opportunity to indicate what type of
growth and development they would like to see encouraged or discouraged during
the five- to ten-year planning period.
The number one response was to encourage single-family residential
'
development, with 457 non -permanent resident property owners and 126
permanent resident property owners responding favorably to this type of
development. That response is consistent with the 159 out of 211 responses to the
'
Holden Beach Property Owners Association, Inc., survey which showed Holden
Beach remaining as a residential/family beach as the highest priority.
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 94

Two hundred twenty-six non -permanent and 57 permanent residents would like to '
see Town officials discourage duplex residential development. Four hundred
sixteen non -permanent and 102 permanent residents want to see multi -family '.
residential development discouraged.
Three hundred forty-seven non -permanent and 150 permanent residents would
,
like to see motel development discouraged; and 282 non -permanent and 82
permanent residents would like to see restaurants on Holden Beach discouraged. It
is worth noting that 167 non -permanent residents and 41 permanent residents
would like to see restaurants encouraged; however, the clear majority responding
to the question prefer that restaurants be discouraged.
'
Three hundred three non -permanent and 87 permanent residents would like to see
service -type businesses discouraged. When asked about retail business on Holden
Beach, 336 non -permanent and 89 permanent residents would like to discourage
retail business.
Three hundred three non -permanent and 104 permanent residents would like to ,
encourage land and resource preservation.
Scrmntary to Question 17 ,
Type of Development to Encourage Type ofDevelopment to Discourage
Single -Family Residential Duplex Residential
Land and Resource Preservation Multi -Family Residential ,
Motels
Restaurants
Service -Type Businesses '
Retail Businesses
Issue — Parking and Sanitation Facilities for Day Visitors at No Cost to '
Visitors (Question 19)
Both non -permanent (370 or 79%) and permanent (104 or 78%) resident property ,
owners disagree with providing facilities for day visitors at no cost to day visitors.
Issue — Special Tax District for Dredging and Maintenance of Canals
(Question 20)
One hundred twenty-eight, or 74% of non -permanent, and 54, or 77% of ,
permanent residents would favor a special tax district to cover cost of dredging
and maintenance of canals.
In summary, the results of the public participation meetings and subsequent
questionnaires help establish issues, goals and objectives and, as a result, policy to
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 95 '

accomplish goals and objectives to address issues of concern to Holden Beach
residents. As the Plan takes draft form and is discussed by local officials, citizens
will continue to have an opportunity to review proposed policy and
implementation strategy to accomplish these goals and objectives during the five-
year planning period prior to the next land use plan update in 2,002.
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 96

APPENDIX 5
Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC)
Within the State of North Carolina
The following AEC's are defined and discussed in terms of their applicability to land use
planning in North Carolina.
Estuarine System — The first Areas of Environmental Concern discussed collectively
are those water and land areas of the coast that contribute enormous economic,
social, and biological values to North Carolina as components of the estuarine
system. Included within the estuarine system are the following AEC categories:
estuarine waters, coastal wetlands, public trust areas, and estuarine shorelines.
Each of the Areas of Environmental Concern is either geographically within the
estuary or, because of its location and nature, may significantly affect the estuary.
It is the objective of the Coastal Resources Commission to conserve and manage
estuarine waters, coastal wetlands, public trust areas, and estuarine shorelines, as
an interrelated group of Areas of Environmental Concern so as to safeguard and
perpetuate their biological, social, economic, and aesthetic values and to ensure
that development occurring within these Areas of Environmental Concern is
compatible with natural characteristics so as to minimize the likelihood of
significant loss of private property and public resources. Furthermore, it is the
objective of the Coastal Resources Commission to protect present common-law
and statutory public rights of access to the lands and waters of the coastal area.
a. Coastal Wetlands AEC
Coastal wetlands are defined as any salt marsh or other
marsh subject to regular or occasional flooding by tides,
including wind tides (whether or not the tide waters reach
the marshland areas through natural or artificial
watercourses), provided this shall not include hurricane or
tropical storm tides. Coastal wetlands contain some, but not
necessarily all, of the following marsh plant species:
(1) Cord Grass (Spartina altemiflora),
(2) Black Needlerush (Juncus roemerianus),
(3) Glasswort (Salicornia spp.),
(4) Salt Grass (Distichlis spicata),
(5) Sea Lavender (Limonium spp.),
(6) Bulrush (Scirpus spp.),
(7) Saw Grass (Cladium jamaicense),
(8) Cat -tail (Typha spp.),
(9) Salt Meadow Grass (Spartina patens),
(10) Salt Reed Grass (Spartina cynosuroides).
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 97

The management objective for coastal wetlands is to
conserve and manage coastal wetlands so as to safeguard
and perpetuate their biological, social, economic and
aesthetic values; to coordinate and establish a management
system capable of conserving and utilizing coastal wetlands
as a natural resource essential to the functioning of the
entire estuarine system.
Use Standards: Suitable lands uses shall be those
consistent with the management objective in Rule .0208
(see Attachment H for use standards). Highest priority of
use shall be allocated to the conservation of existing coastal
wetlands. Second priority of coastal wetland use shall be
given to those types of development activities that require
water access and cannot function elsewhere. Unacceptable
land uses may include, but would not be limited to, the
following examples: restaurants and businesses; residences,
apartments, motels, hotels, and trailer parks; parking lots
and private roads and highways; and factories. Examples of
acceptable land uses may include utility easements, fishing
piers, docks, and agricultural uses, such as farming and
forestry drainage, as permitted under North Carolina's
Dredge and Fill Act or other applicable laws. In every
instance, the particular location, use, and design
characteristics shall be in accord with the general use
standards for coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, and public
trust areas described in Rule .0208 (see Attachment H).
'
b. Estuarine Waters AEC
Estuarine waters are defined in G.S. 113A-113(b)(2). The
'
boundaries between inland and coastal fishing waters are
set forth in an agreement adopted by the Wildlife Resources
Commission and the Department of Environment and
'
Natural Resources and in the most current revision of the
North Carolina Marine Fisheries Regulations for Coastal
Waters, codified at 15A NCAC 3Q.0200.
Estuarine waters are the dominant component and bonding
element of the entire estuarine system, integrating aquatic
influences from both the land and the sea. Estuaries are
among the most productive natural environments of North
Carolina. They support the valuable commercial and sports
fisheries of the coastal area which are comprised of
estuarine dependent species such as menhaden, flounder,
shrimp, crabs. -and oysters. These species must spend all or
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 98

some part of their life cycle within the estuarine waters to
mature and reproduce. Of the ten leading species in the
commercial catch, all but one are dependent on the estuary.
This high productivity associated with the estuary results
from its unique circulation patterns caused by tidal energy,
fresh water flow, and shallow depth; nutrient trapping
mechanisms; and protection to the many organisms. The
circulation of estuarine waters transports nutrients, propels
plankton, spreads seed stages of fish and shellfish, flushes
wastes from animal and plant life, cleanses the system of
pollutants, controls salinity, shifts sediments, and mixes the
water to create a multitude of habitats. Some important
features of the estuary include mud and sand flats, eel grass
beds, salt marshes, submerged vegetation flats, clam and
oyster beds, and important nursery areas.
Secondary benefits include the stimulation of the coastal
economy from the spin-off operations required to service
commercial and sports fisheries, waterfowl hunting,
marinas, boatyards, repairs and supplies, processing
operations, and tourist related industries. In addition, there
is considerable nonmonetary value associated with
aesthetics, recreation and education.
The management objective for estuarine waters is to
conserve and manage the important features of estuarine
waters so as to safeguard and perpetuate their biological,
social, aesthetic, and economic values; to coordinate and
establish a management system capable of conserving and
utilizing estuarine waters so as to maximize their benefits to
man and the estuarine system.
Use Standards: Suitable land/water uses shall be those
consistent with the management objectives in Rule .0208
(see Attachment H). Highest priority of use shall be
allocated to the conservation of estuarine waters and its
vital components. Second priority of estuarine waters use
shall be given to those types of development activities that
require water access and use which cannot function
elsewhere such as simple access channels; structures to
prevent erosion; navigation channels; boat docks, marinas,
piers, wharfs, and mooring pilings. In every instance, the
particular location, use and design characteristics shall be in
accord with the general use standards for coastal wetlands,
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Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 99 '

7
estuarine waters, and public trust areas described in Rule
.0208 (Attachment H).
C. Public Trust Areas AEC
Public trust areas are all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and
the lands thereunder from the mean high water mark to the
seaward limit of State jurisdiction; all natural bodies of
water subject to measurable lunar tides and lands
thereunder to the mean high water mark; all navigable
natural bodies of water and lands thereunder to the mean
high water level or mean water level as the case may be,
except privately -owned lakes to which the public has no
right of access; all water in artificially created bodies of
water containing significant public fishing resources or
other public resources which are accessible to the public by
navigation from bodies of water in which the public has
rights of navigation; and all waters in artificially created
bodies of water in which the public has acquired rights by
prescription, custom, usage, dedication, or any other means.
In determining whether the public has acquired rights in
artificially created bodies of water, the following factors
shall be considered:
(1) the use of the body of water by the public,
(2) the length of time the public has used the area,
(3) the value of public resources in the body of water,
(4) whether the public resources in the body of water are
mobile to the extent that they can move into natural bodies
of water,
(5) whether the creation of the artificial body of water
required permission from the State, and
(6) the value of the body of water to the public for
navigation from one public area to another public area.
The public has rights in these areas, including navigation
and recreation. In addition, these areas support valuable
commercial and sports fisheries, have aesthetic value, and
are important resources for economic development.
The management objective for public trust areas is to
protect public rights for navigation and recreation and to
conserve and manage the public trust areas so as to
safeguard and perpetuate their biological, economic and
aesthetic value.
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 100

Use Standards: Acceptable uses shall be those consistent
with the management objectives. In the absence of
overriding public benefit, any use which significantly
interferes with the public right of navigation or other public
trust rights which the public may be found to have in these
areas shall not be allowed. The development of
navigational channels or drainage ditches, the use of
bulkheads to prevent erosion, and the building of piers,
wharfs, or marinas are examples of uses that may be
acceptable within public trust areas, provided that such uses
will not be detrimental to the public trust rights and the
biological and physical functions of the estuary. Projects
which would directly or indirectly block or impair existing
navigation channels, increase shoreline erosion, deposit
spoils below mean high tide, cause adverse water
circulation patterns, violate water quality standards, or
cause degradation of shellfish waters are generally
considered incompatible with the management policies of
public trust areas. In every instance, the particular location,
use, and design characteristics shall be in accord with the
general use standards for coastal wetlands, estuarine waters,
and public trust areas.
Uses which are not water dependent shall not be permitted
in coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, and public trust areas.
Restaurants, residences, apartments, motels, hotels, trailer
parks, private roads, factories and parking lots are examples
of uses that are not water dependent. Uses that are water
dependent may include utility easements, docks, wharves,
boat ramps, dredging, bridges and bridge approaches,
revetments, bulkheads, culverts, groins, navigational aids,
mooring pilings, navigational channels, simple access
channels and drainage ditches.
Estuarine Shoreline AEC
Estuarine shorelines, although characterized as dry land, are
considered a component of the estuarine system because of
the close association with the adjacent estuarine waters.
Estuarine shorelines are those non -ocean shorelines which
are especially vulnerable to erosion, flooding, or other
adverse effects of wind and water and are intimately
connected to the estuary. This area extends from the mean
high water level or normal water level along the estuaries,
sounds, bays, and brackish waters as set forth in an
agreement adopted by the Wildlife Resources Commission
P
u
I
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 101 '

'
and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
» for a distance of 75 feet landward.
Development within estuarine shorelines influences the
quality of estuarine life and is subject to the damaging
'
processes of shore front erosion and flooding.
The management objective of the estuarine shoreline is to
'
ensure shoreline development is compatible with both the
dynamic nature of estuarine shorelines and the values of the
estuarine system.
'
Use Standards:
(1) All development projects, proposals and designs
shall substantially preserve and not weaken or
eliminate natural barriers to erosion, including, but
'
not limited to, peat marshland, resistant clay
shorelines, and cypress -gum protective fringe areas
'
adjacent to vulnerable shorelines.
2 All development projects, proposals and designs
() p
'
shall limit the construction of impervious surfaces
and areas not allowing natural drainage to only so
much as is necessary to adequately service the
'
major purpose or use for which the lot is being
developed. Impervious surfaces shall not exceed 30
percent of the AEC area of the lot, unless the
applicant can effectively demonstrate, through
'
innovative design, that the protection provided by
the design would be equal to or exceed the
protection by the 30 percent limitation.
'
Redevelopment of areas exceeding the 30 percent
impervious surface limitation can be permitted if
impervious areas are not increased and the applicant
'
designs the project to comply with the intent of the
rule to the maximum extent practical.
'
(3) All development projects, proposals, and designs
shall comply with the following mandatory
standards of the North Carolina Sedimentation
'
Pollution Control Act of 1973:
' (A) All development projects, proposals and
designs shall provide for a buffer zone along
the margin of the estuarine water which is
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 102

sufficient to confine visible siltation within
25 percent of the buffer zone nearest the
land disturbing development.
(B) No development project, proposal or design
shall permit an angle for graded slopes or fill
which is greater than an angle which can be
retained by vegetative cover or other
adequate erosion -control devices or
structures.
(C) All development projects, proposals and
designs which involve uncovering more than
one acre of land shall plant a ground cover
sufficient to restrain erosion within 30
working days of completion of the grading;
provided that this shall not apply to clearing
land for the purpose of forming a reservoir
later to be inundated.
(4) Development shall not have a significant adverse
impact on estuarine resources.
(5) Development shall not significantly interfere with
existing public rights of access to, or use of,
navigable waters or public resources.
(6) No major public facility shall be permitted if such
facility is likely to require extraordinary public
expenditures for maintenance and continued use,
unless it can be shown that the public purpose
served by the facility outweighs the required public
expenditures for construction, maintenance and
continued use. For the purpose of this standard,
"public facility" shall mean a project which is paid
for in any part by public funds.
(7) Development shall not cause major or irreversible
damage to valuable, documented historic
architectural or archaeological resources.
(8) Established common-law and statutory public rights
of access to the public trust lands and waters in
estuarine areas shall not be eliminated or restricted.
Development shall not encroach upon public
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 103

it limit intended the
accessways nor shall the use of
accessways.
'
Ocean Hazard Area — The next broad grouping is composed of
those Areas of Environmental Concern that are considered natural
hazard areas along the Atlantic Ocean shoreline where, because of
their special vulnerability to erosion or other adverse effects of
sand, wind, and water, uncontrolled or incompatible development
'
could unreasonably endanger life or property. Ocean hazard areas
include beaches, frontal dunes, inlet lands, and other areas in which
geologic, vegetative and soil conditions indicate a substantial
'
possibility of excessive erosion or flood damage.
The CRC recognizes that absolute safety from the destructive
'
forces indigenous to the Atlantic shoreline is an impossibility for
development located adjacent to the coast. The loss of life and
property to these forces, however, can be greatly reduced by the
'
proper location and design of structures and by care taken in
prevention of damage to natural protective features, particularly
primary and frontal dunes. Therefore, it is the CRC's objective to
'
provide management policies and standards for ocean hazard areas
that serve to eliminate unreasonable danger to life and property and
'
achieve a balance between the financial, safety, and social factors
that are involved in hazard area development.
The purpose of these Rules shall be to further the goals set out in
'
G.S. 113A-102(b), with particular attention to minimizing losses to
life and property resulting from storms and long-term erosion,
preventing encroachment of permanent structures on public beach
'
areas, preserving the natural ecological conditions of the barrier
dune and beach systems, and reducing the public costs of
inappropriately sited development. Furthermore, it is the objective
'
of the Coastal Resources Commission to protect present common-
law and statutory public rights of access to and use of the lands and
waters of the coastal area. The ocean hazard system of Areas of
'
Environmental Concern contains the following areas:
'
e. Ocean Erodible Area AEC
This is the area in which there exists a substantial
'
possibility of excessive erosion and significant shoreline
fluctuation. The seaward boundary of this area is the mean
low water line. The landward extent of this area is
'
determined as follows:
' Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update Page 104

(1) a distance landward from the first line of stable
natural vegetation to the recession line that would
be established by multiplying the long-term annual
erosion rate times 60, provided that, where there has
been no long-term erosion or the rate is less than
two feet per year, this distance shall be set at 120
feet landward from the first line of stable natural
vegetation. For the purposes of this Rule, the
erosion rates shall be those set forth in tables
entitled "Long Term Annual Erosion Rates updated
through 1986" and approved by the Coastal
Resources Commission on July 29, 1988 (except as
such rates may be varied in individual contested
cases, declaratory or interpretive rulings). The tables
are available without cost from any local permit
officer or the Division of Coastal Management; and
(2) a distance landward from the recession line
established in item (1) above to the recession line
that would be generated by a storm having a one
percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any
given year.
f. gh Hazard Flood Area AEC
This is the area subject to high velocity waters (including,
but not limited to, hurricane wave wash) in a storm having
a one percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any
given year, as identified as zone V1-30 on the flood
insurance rate maps of the Federal Insurance
Administration, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development. In the absence of these rate maps, other
available base flood elevation data prepared by a federal,
State, or other source may be used, provided said data
source is approved by the CRC.
g. Inlet Hazard Area AEC
The inlet hazard areas are natural -hazard areas that are
especially vulnerable to erosion, flooding and other adverse
effects of sand, wind, and water because of their proximity
to dynamic ocean inlets. This area shall extend landward
from the mean low water line a distance sufficient to
encompass that area within which the inlet will, based on
statistical analysis, migrate, and shall consider such factors
as previous inlet territory, structurally weak. areas near the
J
H
1
1
u
1
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update
Page 105

inlet (such as an unusually narrow barrier island, an
unusually long channel feeding the inlet, or an overwash
area), and external influences such as jetties and
channelization. The areas identified as suggested Inlet
Hazard Areas included in the report entitled INLET
HAZARD AREAS, The Final Report and
Recommendations to the Coastal Resources Commission,
1978, by Loie J. Priddy and Rick Carraway are hereby
designated as Inlet Hazard Areas. In all cases, this area
shall be an extension of the adjacent ocean erodible area
and in no case shall the width of the inlet hazard area be
less than the width of the adjacent ocean erodible area.
Use Standards: General Use Standards for Ocean Hazard Areas
permitted under T15A:07H.0300 Subsection .0306 and .0308 and
Subsection .0310 Use Standards for Inlet Hazard Areas are adopted
by Holden Beach by reference. (See copy of these subsections in
Land Use Appendix Attachment I.)
Holden Beach 1997 Land Use Plan Update
Page 106

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Residential
(Developed as of December 31,1997)
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Existing Land Water Use Map
HOLDEN BEACH. N.C.
® o _ taoo taco
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Prepared by
Howard T. Capps Je,, Associates, Inc.
Land Planning a Landscape Architecture
201 N. Front Street, Suite 402
Wilmington, North Carolina 28401
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The preparation of this document was financed in part
though a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management program, through tbnds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

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Pnpind by
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Land Planning s Landreape Architectwe
201 N. Front Street, Suite 402
'Wilmington, North Carolina 28401
LEGEND
;.; Ocean Erodible AEC
® Inlet Hazard AEC
CAMA (V—Zone) AEC
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t)ma Fier The risks associated with these hazards are described throughout the text of the
Land Use Plan. Potential storm surge information (CAMA V-Zone) is discussed in
Policy Section V1, Part E of the Plan.
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Land Classification Map
HOLDEN BEACH, N.C.
Vim\ 0 — ,000 ,f00 —
�`\V`i(/j•/�/v) Scale
Prepared by
Howard T. Capps &i Associates, Inc.
!arid Planning - Landscape Amhitcchwe
201 N. Front Street, Suite 402
Wilmington. North Carolina 28401
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10" loss "'"b """
the CDasW zDoe
by Mtlnagealerlt Act or 1972, as
Final determination of location for Conservation
•-.'�-��'-.'-. Low Density Development Area
Holden Beach N.C. Township: Lockwood Folly, Count • Brunswick. General
� P� y� y
o �w x � National
or Low Density Development areas shall be made
location: 78.2 Degrees West Longitude, 33.9 Degrees North Latitude.
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
through field investigation by a responsible federal,
® Conservation
state or local official having regulatory authority.