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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCoastal Area Management Act Land Use Plan Update 1986-1987n HENRY VON OESEN AND ASSOCIATES CONSULTING ENGINEERS AND PLANNERS 1 1 I EMERALD ISLE COASTAL AREA MANAGEMENT ACT rLAND USE PLAN UPDATE JUNE, 1986 rREVISED NOVEMBER, 1986 ADOPTED BY TOWN OF EMERALD ISLE: DECEMBER 15, 1986 CERTIFIED BY CRC: JANUARY 23, 1987 rPrepared For The Town of Emerald Isle, North Carolina Prepared With The Assistance Of HENRY VON OESEN AND ASSOCIATES, INC. Consulting Engineers & Planners 611 Princess Street -- P. 0. Drawer 2087, Wilmington, North Carolina 28402 (919) 763-0141 The preparation of this report was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1 1 1 1 0 i Table of Contents SECTION 1: EXISTING CONDITIONS .......................1-1 1.1 Physical Setting ........... 1.2 Brief History of Emerald Isle ........ .... .....1-1 1.3 Population ............ ....... ............ ..... 1-2 1.3.1 Historic and Current Population ........ 1-2 Table 1.3.1 Permanent Population Table 1.3.2 Results of Special Census of April 1985 Table 1.3.3 NCDOT Traffic Counts, NC 58 -At Cameron Langeston Bridge 1.4 Economy.......................................1-3 Table 1.4.1 Visitor Statistics Holiday Travel Park 1.5 Housing .......................... 1.6 Existing Land Use.............................1-5 1.6.1 Historical Background..................1-5 1.6.2 Existing Land Use Mapping by Land Use Category ......................1-6 Map 1.6.1A: Existing Land Use Map Map 1.6.1B,: Existing Land Use Map Table 1.6.2.1: Existing Land Use Mapping/ Units/Definitions/Acreage SECTION 2: CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES, AND REGULATION .... 2-1 2.1 Current Plans/Policies ........................2-1 2.1.1 Transportation .........................2-1 2.1.2 Community Facilities Plan..............2-1 2.1.3. Utilities Extension Policies ........... 2-2 1 Table of Contents, Continued 2.1.4 Recreation and Open Space Policies ..... 2-2 2.1.5 Prior Land Use Plans and Policies ...... 2-2 2.1.6 Storm Hazard Mitigation Plan/Post Disaster Reconstruction Plan/ Destructive Weather Plan...............2-5 2.2 Current Land Use Regulations ..................2-8 2.2.1 Zoning Ordinance .......................2-8 Map 2.2.1 Existing Zoning Map 2.2.2 Subdivision Regulation (Ordinance) ..... 2-12 2.2.3 Floodplain Management Regulations ...... 2-13 2.2.4 Building Codes/Inspection..............2-14 2.2.5 Nuisance Regulation ....................2-15 2.2.6 Dunes and Vegetation Protection Ordinance..............................2-15 2.2.7 Sedimentation and Erosion Control ...... 2-15 2.2.8 Environmental Impact Ordinance ... ......2-15 2.2.9 Mobile Home Regulations................2-16 2.2.10 Other Local Regulations ....... .... .... 2-16 2.2.11 Solid Waste Program.... o .... o ........ o2-16 2.2.12 Federal and State'Regulations..... ....2-16 Table 2.2.12.1 Federal and State Licenses and Permits SECTION 3: LAND SUITABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS. ... oo.o. ........ ....3-1 3.1 Physical Limitations for Development.........3-1 3.1.1 Hazard Areas (Man-Made/Nature)........ 3-1 Table 3.1.1: Aircraft Use Rates Bogue Field Table of Contents, Continued Map 3.1.1: AICUZ Plan for Bogue Field 3.1.1.1 Man -Made Hazard Areas...............3-1 3.1.1.2 Natural Hazard Areas................3-3 3.1.2 Soil Limitations ................. ..... 3-4 1 Table 3.1.2: Combined Accident Potential and Noise Impact Zones for Bogue 1 Field Map 3.1.2: Natural Hazard Areas of Emerald Isle Map 3.1.2.1: Soils Map Table 3.1.2.1: Estimated Soils Properties Significant to Engineering Map 3.1.2.2: Septic Tank Limitations ' 3.1.3 Water Supply ..........................3-5 3.1.4 Wastewater Disposal...................3-6 Table 3.1.4.1 Cost Data, Central ' Sewer System for Emerald Isle 3.1.5 Slopes................................3-14 3.2 Fragile Areas (Areas of Environmental ' = Concern......................................3-14 3.2.1 High Hazard Flood Area - Area of Environmental Concern.................3-15 Table 3.2.1 Areas of Environmental Concern ' 3.2.2 Inlet Hazard Area - Area of Environmental Concern.................3-15 ' 3.2.3 Coastal Wetlands - Area of Environmental Concern.................3-16 1 1 Table of Contents, Continued 3.2.4 Ocean Erodible Areas -• Area of Environmental Concern ......... ......... 3-18 3.2.5 Estuarine Waters - Area of Environmental Concern.................3-19 3.2.6 Estuarine Shoreline - Area of. Environmental Concern.................3-20 3.2.7 Public Trust Waters - Area of Environmental Concern.................3-22 3.2.8 Other AEC's ...........................3-23 3.2.9 Complex or Fragile Natural Areas ...... 3-23 3.2.10 Scenic Vistas ................... ..... 3-24 3.2.11 Archaeological and Historic-�ites....3-24 Map 3.2.11.1 Site of Graveyards 3.3 Areas With Resource Potential.................3-25 3.4 Design Capacity and Level of Utilization of Existing Community Facilities and Analysis of Capacity to Supply Existing and Future Demands ...................................... 3.4.1 Water Supply System ........... .......... 3-25 Map 3.4.1 Water Supply System Map Table 3.4.1 Water Use Data 3.4.2 Wastewater Treatment and Disposal ...... 3-26 3.4.3 Educational Facilities and Services .... 3-27 3.4.4 Streets and Roads......................3-27 3.4.5 Police and Fire Protection.............3-28 SECTION 4: ESTIMATED FUTURE DEMAND....................4-1 4.1 Population Projections ........................4-1 Table 4.1.1: Estimated Future Permanent Population Table 4.1.2: Estimated Future Peak Seasonal Population I 11 I I Table of Contents, Continued Table 4.1.3: Peak Day Visitor Projections 4.2 Foreseeable Economic and Social Changes ....... 4-2 4.3 Local Objectives Concerning Growth and Development...................................4-3 4.4 Future Land Needs ............... ...e.......... 4-4 4.4.1: Industrial Space Requirements ......... 4-4 Table 4.4.1: Future Acreage Needs 4.4.2 Commercial Space Requirements .......... 4-5 4.4.3 Residential Space Requirements ......... 4-5 4.5 Future Facilities Demand......................4-5 SECTION 5: LOCAL POLICY ON LAND USE ISSUES ............ 5-1 5.1: Resource Protection ..........................5-1 5.1.1 Constraints to Development ............ 5-1 5.1.2 Specific Local Resource Development Issues Relative to AEC's............. 5-1 5.1.3 Other Fragile Land Areas (Maritime Forest)...............................5-6 Map 5.1.3.1 Maritime Forest Overlay District 5.1.4 Hurricane and Flood Evacuation Plans.................................5-7 5.1.5 Protection of Potable Water Supply .... 5-7 5.1.6 Stormwater Runoff/Drainage ............ 5-8 Figure 5.1.6.1 Schematic of Regulations for Coastal Stormwater to Protect Class SA Waters 5.1.7 Marinas...............................5-10 Table of Contents, Continued 5.2 Resource Production and Management ............ 5-12 5.2.1 General................................5-12 5.2.2 Commercial, Sports and Recreational Fisheries Including Nursery Areas ...... 5-13 5.2.3 Off -Road Vehicles ......................5-14 5.2.4 Sound and Estuarine Islands ............ 5-15 5.3 Economic and Community Development ............ 5-15 5.3.1 Local Commitment to Provide Municipal Services to Development................5-15 5.3.2 Urban Growth Patterns/Types Desired .... 5-16 5.3.3 Redevelopment of Developed Areas ....... 5-17 5.3.4 Commitment to State and Federal Programs .............. .................5-18 5.3.5 Assistance to Channel Maintenance and Beach Renourishment Projects ........... 5-18 5.3.6 Tourist Access to Beach and Sound ...... 5-18 Map 5.3.6.1 Location of Site for Proposed Public Boat Ramp 5.3.7 Future Land Use Classification System.................................5-20 .Map 5.3.7.1 Future Land Classification Map SECTION 6: PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ........................6-1 .6.1 Description of Methods Used for Public - Education on Public Issues.....................6-1 6.2 Results of Citizen Survey Questionnaire and Summary of Public Desires Regarding the Land Use Plan.......................................6-1 Figure 6.2.1 Sample Copy of Citizen Survey Questionnaire Table of Contents, -Continued Figure 6.2.1 Newspaper Article Regarding Results of Citizen Survey 6.3 Summary of Public Meetings .....................6-2 Figure 6.3.1 Newspaper Article Regarding Public Meeting June 23, 1986 SECTION 7: PLAN IMPLEMENTATION .........................7-1 7.1 Implementation of Policies Developed In The Plan ........... 7.2 Summary of Policies and Implementation Schedules......................................7-1 APPENDICIES APPENDIX A: EXISTING LAND USE MAPPING UNITS AND DEFINITIONS FOR EMERALD ISLE, NORTH CAROLINA APPENDIX B: LETTER FROM ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SECTION CARTERET COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, RE: PROBLEMS WITH EXISTING SEPTIC TANKS AT EMERALD ISLE, NORTH CAROLINA APPENDIX C: DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMERALD ISLE WOODS EMERALD ISLE, NORTH CAROLINA APPENDIX D: SUMMARY OF PUBLIC MEETING HELD AT EMERALD ISLE, NC ON MARCH 5, 1986 APPENDIX E: STORM HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN AND POST DISASTER -RECONSTRUCTION PLAN (DUNE, 1984) APPENDIX F: EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN APPENDIX G: ADOPTED REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT COASTAL STORMWATER CONTROLS APPENDIX H: MARINA REGULATIONS ADOPTED BY NCDEM I I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The 1986 update of the Emerald Isle Land Use Plan indicates that the peak seasonal population• of Emerald Isle will rise to 18,028 persons by the year 1995. Peak seasonal day visitors are projected to number 18,109 by 1995. Thus, on a peak season day in 1995 there will be a projected total of 36,137 persons at Emerald Isle. Included within this projection is a permanent population that is expected to range between 2,042 to 5,435 persons. The population will create a demand for approximately 226 acres of additional residential land and about 64 acres of additional commercial property to accommodate planned growth and development to the year 1995. The Town has sufficient vacant land zoned residential and commercial to accommodate this anticipated demand. However, this demand will require the expansion of the existing water system and the provision of a central sewer system to accommodate the projected growth without harming the natural environment, creating public health problems or endangering the water quality of Bogue Sound. The following land use issues will affect the community during the planning period. To address these issues the Town has adopted appropriate policies which are noted under each issue: 1 • Issue: A central sewer system will ultimately be needed to accommodate future growth and development at Emerald Isle. • Policy: The Town will work with Carteret County in the development of a county sewer system with the inclusion of Emerald Isle as a primary approach. i • Issue: ' Stormwater runoff from existing and future development must be controlled in order to protect- the water quality of Sogue Sound and the integrity of shellfishing waters. • Policy: The Town is preparing a Master Drainage Plan which will address this issue and how best to deal with the problem in harmony with newly promulgated State regulations. • Issue: Adequate public parking facilitie's are needed for day visitors. • Policy: The Town has adopted a policy of providing adequate public parking facilities within commercial areas wherever possible so as to mitigate potential conflicts with permanent residents and to protect the integrity of residential areas. However the Town will initiate a stydy of alternative approaches to this matter including the placement of parking facilities in all zoning classifications if considered appropriate and all requirements can be met. • Issue: Additional points of public access to Bogue Sound are needed. • Policy: The Town is committed to providing adequate access to both the ocean and the sound.. As a result, the Town will continue to work with local citizens, developers and several State agencies in developing additional appropriate ii access points to both* the ocean and the sound with an emphasis on sound access. Issue: The maritime forest resource in Emerald Isle is rapidly. disappearing as a result of development. The. largest remaining contiguous stand occurs in Blocks 43 to 47. Policy: It is the policy of the Town of Emerald Isle to continue to protect and preserve the maritime forest resource, but at the same time to allow for prudent, environmentally sensitive development therein. Existing new zoning -and subdivision regulations allow for cluster development and maximization of greenspace while providing the opportunity for development. The Town will place greater emphasis on the use of these provisions with respect to plans for development within the maritime forest area. Also, the Town will continue to study methods of additional protection as may be deemed appropriate. • Issue: Military air operations at Bogue Field located north of Emerald Isle cause a hazard to development within a certain area of the Town due to the potential for plane crashes and noise. iii e Policy: It is the policy of the Town of Emerald Isle to recognize the Bogue Field Air Installation Compatible Use Zone (AICUZ) Plan developed by the US Marine Corps and to advise future developers of the potential hazards. Requests for rezoning to higher densities than allowed by existing zoning classifications within the AICUZ zone will receive special scrutiny so as to protect the public welfare. • Issue: The water supply system serving Emerald Isle will need to be expanded to accommodate future growth and development. • Policv: It is the policy of the Town of Emerald Isle to work cooperatively with the private water service utility serving the Town, the Bogue Banks Water and Sewer Corporation (BBWSC) , so as to insure an adequate future supply of water. The Town will assist the BBWSC to obtain well sites and sites for future water storage facilities. iv PREFACE The coastal area of North Carolina provides a tremendous natural resource to the citizens of North Carolina and to visitors from other states. The area provides both recreational benefits and food production from the coastol waters. In some areas adjacent to our coastal waters, there is a danger that pollution from the overdevelopment may significantly damage the food production capacity of nearby waters. This potential problem was one of the major reasons that the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) was ratified by the North Carolina General Assembly in 1974. The purpose of the Coastal Area Management Act "to is insure the orderly balance of use and preservation of our resources on behalf of the people of North Carolina and the Nation." The Coastal Resources Commission was created to insure that the purpose of the new state law is followed. Land use plans have been developed by 56 municipal governments and 20 county governments within the twenty coastal counties under the purview of CAMA. These plans are the administrative tools for carrying out the provisions of the law. A land use plan is a vision of how future development should take place within a community, it defines a set of policies governing the type, location, timing, quantity and quality of future development. A land use plan provides a blueprint for future growth so growth will occur on the community's own terms rather ' than in a haphazard fashion. This land use plan charts the course for future development in the Town of Emerald Isle. The people of Emerald Isle recognize that growth will continue in the community. It is a very desirable place to live and to visit, and more people will undoubtedly come here. At the same time, the residents of Emerald Isle want to maintain their existing way of life, preserve the Town's scenic beauty and the quality of its natural resources,,and maintain and improve the Town's economy and services. Emerald Isle wants to avoid the problems that beset other small oceanfront communities, which become overwhelmed by growth, start planning to late, and end up drastically changed - both physically and in spirit. The Emerald Isle Land Use Plan begins with a brief history of the community. It then analyzes existing conditions in Emerald Isle - its population, its economy, its land use patterns, its natural resources, and its community services. This analysis includes statements of policy regarding these different aspects of development in the community. To summarize development conditions and policies, the plan contains a land classification system that describes the general character of existing land use and the desired consummate pattern for future land use. The land classification system is enhanced by a map of future land use and a plan for Emerald Isle which have been adopted to specify the location, type and density of residential, commercial, conservation and open space uses of the land and the location of desired capital improvements. vi I 1 1 This plan has been developed as -a result of a joint effort by the Planning Board, the Town Board of Commissioners, the planning consultants (Henry von Oesen and Associates, Inc.), local citizens and the NC Division of Coastal Management. Through continuing discussions in the community and through a formal survey of the attitudes of Emerald Isle residents regarding development, the Town has identified its most important needs and developed a plan to meet those needs. This document is an important tool for guiding the future growth of the Town of Emerald Isle as it puts the Town squarely on the road to controlling its own destiny. This report represents a current update of the Emerald Isle Land Use Plan which was first formulated in May 1976, amended in February 1977, and updated last in August 1981. The emphasis of this particular update will be on land use issues related to water quality and other natural resources, beach access, citizen participation and hurricane mitigation and reconstruction. In an effort not to "re -invent the wheel," the text of this update relies heavily on the previous planning documents with updated information inserted as needed or entirely new information integrated herein as required. The preparation of this plan has been coordinated with the Carteret County Land Use Plan which was completed in 1985. It is appropriate at this point in the preface to the 1986 Land Use Plan to pause and reflect on the effectiveness of the policies and goals developed in the previous 1981 Plan update. The goals and policies developed therein are summarized below along with a brief narrative summary which describes actions vii taken by the Town of Emerald Isle over the past 5 years to address each policy and goal individually or, alternately,. what actions, if any, yet need to be taken to address the policy or goal: A. Resource Protection: • Policy Statement: It is the policy of the Town of Emerald Isle not to allow the development of Areas of Environmental Concern in a manner which is inconsistent with the -Coastal Area Management Act. • Results: The Town of Emerald Isle has worked cooperatively with the NC Division of Coastal Management to develop ordinances and procedures which are consistent with this policy (see Section 2). • Policy Statement: It is the Town's policy to continue to work toward the development of a sewage collection and treatment facility in order to protect Bogue Sound and to accommodate future development which will occur. • Results: The Town of Emerald Isle participated in the development of the federally sponsored Swansboro Area 201 Facility Plan which addressed the development of a municipal sewer system for the west end of Bogue Banks. Also, in 1982/83 the Town authorized and jointly funded a study of the relationship of wastewater disposal practices to development density. As a direct result of that study the Town lowered the allowable density from 10 units/acre to 8 units/acre (see Section 3.1.4). viii 1 I 1 I I 1 • Policy Statement: It is the policy of the Town of Emerald Isle to maintain a portion of the existing maritime forest, dunes and open space within each development. • Results: The Town of Emerald Isle has developed and implemented a Dunes and Vegetation Protection Ordinance which governs the portion of a lot or parcel which can be cleared of vegetation (see Section 2.2.6). Further, a planned unit development ordinance has been adopted to allow for clustering of homes and maximization of open space within the development. • Policy Statement: It is the policy of the Town of Emerald Isle to implement and make use of a hurricane and flood evacuation plan should a storm threaten the community. • Results: The Town of Emerald Isle has developed the . following plans: (1) Storm Hazard Mitigation Plan (2) Post Disaster Reconstruction Plan (3) Destructive Weather Plan (see Section 2.1.6) • Policy Statement•: *It is the policy of the Town that, should an archaeological site be discovered within the Town, notification of such will be given to the State Historic Preservation Officer so that a detailed survey may be made. ix B. • Results: To date no significant sites of archaeological value have been discovered at Emerald Isle, nevertheless this policy remains in effect. Resource Production and Management: • Policy Statement: It is the Town' s policy to continue to encourage the use of its recreational resources, its beaches and beautiful sound, by both day visitors and Town residents, permanent and seasonal. Because tourism is so important to the local economy, the alternative of discouraging uses of this recreational resource is considered inappropriate. • Results: In May, 1983 the Town of Emerald Isle amended its subdivision ordinance to require the dedication of beach and sound accessways as a condition of all new subdivision approvals (see Section 2.2.2). Also, the Town has worked closely with the NC Division of Coastal Management to establish public beach and soundfront accessways. However, in this update of the Land Use Plan, this issue receives added focus and attention relative to the need to provide public parking facilities. • Policy Statement: It is the policy of the Town to encourage commercial, sports and recreational fishing in adjacent waters, but at the same time to discourage commercial seafood processing industries from locating within Town limits as this industry is inconsistent with the recreational economy. x L - • Results: The Town has gone on record as supporting State policies and regulations which are designed to protect water quality and fisheries resources. Additional addressments relative to the protection of shellfishing waters and water quality from stormwater runoff are given in this report. • Policy Statement: It is the policy of the Town to discourage the use of off -road vehicles on its dune system and to limit the use of off -road vehicles on the beach strand to set periods. • Results: The Town has passed an ordinance which prohibits off -road vehicles on its dune system and prohibits the use of such vehicles on the beach strand from Memorial Day and on all weekends in the month of May through Labor Day. The ordinance is strictly enforced by the Police Department. C. Economic and Development Policies • Policy Statement: It is the policy of the Town of Emerald Isle to discourage industrial development (including petroleum energy facilities) due to the potential for conflicts with the resort nature of the .. -area. • Results: The Town's zoning ordinance does not have a category of use which will permit industrial development. ' X1 • • Policy Statement: It is the policy of the Town to provide certain municipal services to future development. The Town also supports services to future development by public utilities (water, electricity, etc.). • Results: The Tbwn provides street lighting, police protection and refuse collection to all developed areas within the Town. Future service policies being entertained relate to the development of a central sewer system and the funding by developers of general infrastructure improvements (drainage, etc.). • Policy Statement: It is the policy of the Town of Emerald Isle to encourage the placement of high intensity development in the general vicinity of the Cameron,Langestone Bridge in order to prevent strip development and to protect the integrity of residential areas. • Results: This policy has guided the Town Planning Board and Board of Commissioners relative to rezoning of lands for recreational and commercial developments over the past few years. Further addressment of this issue is given in this update. • Policy Statement: It is the policy of the Town to become more involved in State and Federal grant and/or loan programs. xii 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • Results: The Town has applied for and received State grant funds to defray in part the preparation of this plan update. Also, the Town recently applied for and receive a State grant from DCM to assist in the preparation of a Drainage Master Plan. The Town also received beach access grant funds from DCM for two parking areas. • Policy Statement: It is the policy of the Town to support channel maintenance and beach renourishment projects instituted by the US Army Corps of Engineers. • Results: The Town has supported local efforts to encourage the US Army Corps of Engineers to maintain the Bogue Inlet channel and whenever possible to place dredge spoils onto the west end of the beach to curtail the effects of erosion. • Policy Statement: It is the' policy of the Town of Emerald Isle to promote and encourage open public debate and discussion relative to land use issues and policies. • Results: Continuing public participation has been fostered throughout the planning process including public meetings, the distribution of a citizen survey questionnaire, etc. (see Section 6). TOWN OFFICIALS Lenora Heverly, Mayor Commissioners Walter Gaskins (Mayor Pro-Tem) Ben Byland A. B. Crew Peter Leo Beaulah Pase G. Wade Horne, Town Administrator Richard Stanley, Town Attorney Jackie Paylor, Town Clerk Emerald Isle Planning Board Jim Davis, Chairman Wilbur "Bill" Slye, Vice Chairman Patey Bowles Clyde Cheek Jo Rondone Doris Thompson Theron Jones xiv SECTION 1: EXISTING CONDITIONS 1.1 Physical Settinq The Town of Emerald Isle is located on the western third of Bogue Banks, North Carolina, and has a land area of approximately 3.,337 acres including both developable and undevelopable (conservation) areas. As one of the most attractive barrier island the North Carolina the Town communities on coast, much of is wooded with remnants of maritime forest and has dunes 20 to 35 feet high along the oceanfront. The interior land elevation ranges between 15 and 25 feet above sea level. Bogue Sound, on the north side of the Town is quite shallow. Islands and wetlands enhance the scenic value of the soundfront area. The Town, now with about fifty one percent of the total land (or 59.1 percent of the developable land) developed, is eleven miles long with a width of 4,000 feet on the western end and 800 feet on the eastern end. Some of the remaining large undeveloped parcels located at the western extremity of the Town are in 1,100-foot wide lots and extend from the ocean to the sound. 1.2 Brief History of Emerald Isle Prior to the incorporation of the Town in 1957, there was little pressure for development of the land area which is now the iTown. Back at the time of the founding of the nation, the early colonists used the area only to fish and hunt. By the turn of the century several seasonal fish camps were established in the area for the sole purpose of harvesting finfish, especially mullet, during the annual fall migrations. The first area United 1-1 States Life -Saving Station was opened at Bogue Inlet on February 5, 1905. The station, taken over by the US Coast Guard in 1914, appears to have been the first permanent habitable structure built in what is now the town limits of Emerald Isle. , By the 1950's the proposed Town site was located at the end of a dead-end paved road 12 miles west of Atlantic Beach. The Atlantic Beach -Morehead City Bridge was the only connection with the mainland. Because of the poor access, there were few permanent inhabitants of the proposed town. In fact, the US Bureau of Census listed the population at only 14 permanent residents in 1960. I In May 1962, ferry service was established to the western end of the island. On May 5, 1971, the Cameron Langstone Bridge was opened. The ferry service and subsequent bridge placed tremendous to develop pressure Emerald Isle as a family -oriented vacation/second home community with a high seasonal day visitor quotient. 1.3 Population 1.3.1 Historic and Current Population Historic and current permanent population data for Emerald Isle, White Oak Township and Carteret County is shown in Table , 1.3.1. Between 1970 and 1980 the US Census showed and crease 'n i of 609 percent. The annual growth rates between 1960 and 1970 and between 1910 and 1980 were 64.3 percent and 50.8 percent, respectively. 1 1-2 1 Town of Emerald Isle White Oak Townshi 3• Carteret County TABLE 1.3.1 'PERMANENT POPULATION TOWN OF EMERALD ISL 1. 1960 1970 14 122 1,785 2,496 27,438 31,603 1980 865 4,302 41,902 1985 1,51 2. N/A 48,1624• Notes: 1. Official census populations unless otherwise noted. 2. Based on results of special census conducted in April 1985 (see Table 1.3.2). 3. White oak Township includes the Towns of Cape Carteret (located on the mainland) and Emerald Isle (located on Bogue Banks), and unincorporated county mainland areas roughly west of a north/south line coinciding with the eastern Town limits of Emerald Isle. 4. July 1985 estimate. The summer seasonal population is significantly higher than the permanent population. In order to accurately estimate the by current summer seasonal population, a special census conducted the Town in April 1985 involved a detailed count of occupied and vacant housing units. The results of the special census are summarized in Table 1.3.2. Based on an estimated summer occupancy level of 3.5 persons/occupied unit and a total of 3,336 is units, a current (1985) seasonal population projected at 11,676 persons (assuming 100 percent occupancy of all dwellings). This figure will vary from month to month because of an unknown actual vacancy rate, but it does provide a good approximation of the seasonal population. The summer seasonal is increased by day population also visitors. The day visitor quotient is most difficult to estimate. However, traffic counts Y provided b the North Carolina P Department .of Transportation provide some indication of such as summarized in Table 1.3.3. During the peak summer season, the Cameron Langstone Bridge handles some 28,820 vehicles per day on the average. However trip ends can be anywhere on Bogue Banks not only at Emerald Isle. Future permanent and summer seasonal population projections -are found in Section 4.1 following. 1.4 Economy The economy of the Town of Emerald Isle is based on the summer home (individual or multi- unit condominium type) sale and construction industry and the tourist industry. Employment within the Town generally falls into one of the following 1-3 1 1 i 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 6. TABLE 1.3.2 RESULTS OF SPECIAL CENSUS OF APRIL 1985 1. TOWN OF EMERALD ISLE, NC 1. Area Ocean Sound Ocean Sound Ocean Sound Ocean Sound Undesignated Undesignated Subtotals Coast Guard Station Totals Population 66 75 138 161 194 194 230 205 207 58 1,518 Occupied Units 30 33 68 72 79 84 117 98 95 25 701 Vacant Units 343 102 354 249 315 79 277 401 291 223 2,634 2. 8------3,335 units----- 3. 11526 persons Notes: 1./ Source: Town of Emerald Isle. Areas were selected by Town for convenience of the survey effort progressing from east to west. 2./ Represents personnel at US Coast Guard Station at Bogue Inl et. 3./ 2.2 persons per occupied unit was occupancy level indicated at time of census. - TABLE 1.3.3 NCDOT TRAFFIC COUNT 1. NC 58 AT CAMERON LANGSTONE BRIDGE EMERALD ISLE, NORTH CAROLINA Average Daily Traffic Count Vehicle Type 1983 19863-Z 1993 Automobiles 7,400 7,940 9,200 Axle Trucks Campers 17,000 18,200 21,000 Dual & Tractor Trailers & Semi Trucks 2,500 2,680 3,100 Total All Vehicles 26,900 28,820 33,300 3./ Based on data collected by Planning and Research Section, NCDOT in August, 1983 (latest available data). ' 2.1 Counts represent total of two-way traffic (entering and exiting bridge). 3./ Interpolated values. 1 categories: tourism related service industries, housing construction, land•development and sales (real estate), and local governmental services. At present, the housing construction and real estate sales segments of the economy are enjoying a period of vigorous activity as a result of a recent fall of interest rates into the single digit category and an overall improved national economy. An indication as to the impact of tourism on ' the local economy can be found by comparing the permanent population with the summer seasonal population. Although exact figures are lacking for Emerald Isle, some estimates of tourism Lrevenues are available on a county basis. For example, the NC Department of Travel and Tourism estimated tourism revenue in 1983 $79 However, in -county turnover at million. when of each tourist dollar is considered at a factor of 3.5, tourism revenue of about $280 million is estimated by the Department. The tourist industry in Emerald Isle was strong during 1985. An indication of the tourist economy of the Town is the number of visitors to the Holiday Inn Travel Park located at the junction of the Coast Guard road and Highway #58 near the•Cameron Langstone Bridge (see Table 1.4.1). 1.5 Housing Because of the relative youth of the Town of Emerald Isle, substandard housing is basically non-existent within the Town. However, as the quality of housing increases some of the areas within the Town which have mobile homes (manufactured homes) may ' assume the "substandard•" label. ' 1-4 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 TABLE 1.4.1 VISITOR STATISTIC 1. HOLIDAY TRAVEL PARK EMERALD ISLE, NORTH CAROLINA Month Camper Nights No. Visitor 2. April 1985 1,335 4,673 May 1,953 6,836 June 3,588 12,558 July 4,403 15,411 August 3,796 13,286 September 1,188 4,158 October 796 2,786 November 108 378 December 42 147 January 1986 62 217 February 45 158 March 512 1,792 Totals 17,828 62,400 1. Source: Larry Mann, General Manager, Holiday Travi-L-Park, Emerald Isle, NC 2. Based on 3.5 persons/camper/night. As indicated in Table 1.3.2 above, there were as of April 1985, a total of 3,336 dwelling units within the Town. Out of this total, 701 units (21 percent) were occupied year-round. The year-round (permanent) occupancy rate was 2.2 persons per occupied unit. For planning purposes, the summer occupancy rate P P 9 P Po . P Y 1./ ' is estimated at 3.5 persons/occupied unit. A breakdown of housing types by size, etc., is beyond the scope of this study and is not included here. 1.6 Existing Land Use 1.6.1 Historical Background The only land uses within the Town are residential, commercial and institutional. Prior to the Tow n's incorporation in 1957, property owners divided the proposed town into fifty-four (54) 1,100-foot blocks, extending from the ocean to the sound. The blocks are numbered from east to west. Development first began on the eastern end of the Town in Block 1 due to sole access via the Morehead City -Atlantic Beach Bridge and Salterpath Road. Residential development then began to spread slowly westward. Upon the installation of ferry service to the west end of Bogue Banks in 1962 at the western central portion of the Town at Block 38, development of the Town began at a much faster pace. Residential development was again the primary land use type. ' Mobile homes were the most popular dwelling unit type near the ferry access area. Soon a small commercial area sprang up to i 1./ This figure is based on informal survey data obtained by the consultant in connection with the planning of sewer systems for several coastal communities. 1-5 serve the residential areas. With ferry service came easy access to and from Onslow and Jones Counties. Subsequently, in 1971 the Cameron Langstone Bridge replaced the ferry and development continued to fill within the Town center from both the east and west ends. During the early 1970's easy access was quickly followed by residential development of Blocks 51 and 52 near Bogue Inlet. 1.6.2 Existing Land Use Mapping By Land Use Category The mapping of existing land uses at Emerald Isle was based on satellite imagery as provided by the Land Resources Information Service, North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, Raleigh, NC. Map 1.6.1A and 1.6.1B shows the existing land use for Emerald Isle in terms of areas with numerical designations. The land classifications used are based in part on those developed in the report entitled, A Land Use and Land Cover Classification of the North Carolina Barrier Islands: Level III, by Simon Baker, UNC Sea Grant Publication UNC-SG-85-02 dated May 1985. However, the classification system used in this case is actually a combination of Level II and III mapping units as detailed in the information presented in Appendix A. Table 1.6.2.1 presents a summary of the classification units found at Emerald Isle along with the associated acreages. The total available land area at Emerald Isle is 31337 acres of which approximately 1,616 acres is developed with residential 1./ Note: Classification system has applicability throughout the coastal area of North Carolina including Emerald Isle. Reference to other areas is for concrete examples of land use classifications only. 1-6 343800 340000 338000 336000 334000 330800 2370000 2572000 2574000 2576000 2578000 2580000 2582000 2584000 MAP 1.6.1, PART A EXISTING LAND USE MAP TOWN OF EMERALD ISLE , N. C. EMERALD ISLE LAND USE PLAN UPDATE 1986 I LAND RESOURCES i I INFORMATION SERVICE 919-733-2090 J SCALE 1: 15840 1 INCH = 1320 FEET 5 15 86 EMERAL.A.LU.P1 ORIG SCALE 1: 24000 NORTH HENRY VON OESEN 8k ASSOCIATES 2386000 CONSULTING ENGINEERS 8 PLANNERS 2589000 2390000 2592000 2594000 W I LM I NGTON , NORTH CAROLINA 2596000 2599250 2874 350000 1 I 16 I I I I I t6221 Q 9 76 5 o�No 348000 S 3 346000 344000 342000 340000 337000 2599250 2602000 2604000 2606000 V ,� � A N A MAP 1.6.1 , PART B EXISTING LAND USE MAP TOWN OF EMERALD ISLE , N. C. EMERALD ISLE LAND USE PLAN UPDATE 1986 cn I LAND RESOURCES I INFORMATION SERVICE 919-733-2090 J I SCALE 1= 15840 1 INCH = 1320 FEET 5 15 86 EMERAL•B.LU.P1 ORIG SCALE 1= 24000 NORTH I 2608000 2610000 I 2612000 I 2614000 2616000 I I f 2618000 2620000 2622000 2624000 2626000 2628500 HENRY VON OESEN 8 ASSOCIATES CONSULTING ENGINEERS 8 PLANNERS WI LMINGTON , NORTH CAROLINA TABLE 1.6..2.1 s EXISTIM LAND USE MAPPINS U.N'IT.S/DEF'INIT.IQNS/ACREAGES ' EMERALD I SL E i. NQ.RTE CAROL I,NA Designationl' Land• Upg Category- Total Acreage rUnit Level. I Level IIZ 11 Rea dant.al 11-1 Mobile Home; Park 148:.:1 1.13 S nrgl.e. Unit Housing In G L as;s and/or Shrub Area, 560.6 114 Single unit. Housing In Fore-st.ed Area 707.3 115 Area. Transitional to Residential (,s.t.re:ets and drives. but. no ' houses,. etc..) 167i.3 116 Single Unit, Houses On Man -Made Land 4.8 Subtotal, Residential 1,588.1 12 Commercial and Services (Unclassified) 39.1 120 Multi -Unit Dwelling (including hotels, motels,_ apartments and condominiums with associated restaurants and piers) 27.6 lzi Fire Station and Rescue Squad >..5 122 Police Department 0.8 126 Marina and/or Water Access Ramp 7.1 127 Campground 2«9 128 Church 2.6 1. See text and Appendix A -for discussion of levels. ' Table 1.6.2.11 Continued Existing Land Use Mapping Units/Definitions/ Acreages, Emerald Isle, NC Page 2 Unit Designation Land Use Category Total Acreage Level I Level I I I ' 129 Coast Guard Station 3.7 Subtotal, Commercial and Services 85.3 14 Transportation, Utilities Communications, and Information 141 Electric and Gas Utility 1.9 ' 142 Telephone Company Field Office and Microwave Tower 0.3 ' 143 Water Supply Tower or Sewage Treatment Facilities 2.2 ' Subtotal, Transport., Communications and Information 4.4 17 Other Urban or Rural Built -Up Land 173 Intensely Used Recreational Area 29.9 21 Cropland or Pasture 5.2 33 Grassland (Behind Primary Dunes) 215.7 42 Maritime Forest 755.1 5 Water (Freshwater Ponds) 12.1 616• Intradune Complex ' Grass and/or Shrub 4.7 621 Fresh Marsh Wetland 10.1 ' 622 Saltmarsh 178.4 Table 1.6.2.1, Continued Existing Land Use Mapping Units/Definitions/ Acreages, Emerald Isle, NC Page 3 Unit Designation Land Use Category Total Acreage Level I Level III 72 Beaches 244.5 73 Sandy Area 11.3 76 Transitional Areas 192.9 Subtotal, Other Miscellaneous Land Use Categories 1,659.9 GRAND TOTAL, ALL CATEGORIES 3,337.7 1 1 1 1 1 land uses of various types including hotels, motels, apartments '. and condominiums (Land Use Category 120)*, about 79 acres is developed for commercial uses of various types including ' recreational uses (Land Use Category 173), and about 13 acres are developed for institutional, government, utilities and other ' miscellaneous uses. Thus, about 1,708 acres of the 3,337 total acres of land or 51 percent is developed leaving about 1,629 acres yet undeveloped. However, of this latter total only about ' 1,184 acres are developable under current local, regional and state regulations. Mobile homes within the commercial areas present a land use compatibility problem for the Town. Adjacent to the fishing ' piers some of these housing units are crowded within a distance ' of five feet of each other. Within most mobile home residential areas, however, these dwelling units are adequately spaced and ' provide suitable vacation homes for citizens of North Carolina. A potential incompatible land use problem is the large acreages of land zoned for multifamily/condominium use within the ' Town. Over 1,400 acres is zoned for this purpose. With a current density of 8 dwelling units per acre allowed in the ' zoning ordinance, this area will accommodate 11,200 dwelling units if fully developed. Most of this undeveloped acreage is ' found east of Block 41. This area also contains the last ' remaining large contiguous stand of undisturbed maritime forest on Bogue Banks. Another problem of existing unplanned development is the size of the existing subdivision lots. There are a large number of 1-7 lots which ar•e_- :plotted and'. recorded. gat a size of 10,000 square feet or less. Because only a small number of these lots have structures, septic tanks are not yet crowded, --...These. -'small lots were recorded prior to the Town's subdivision..regulations. = . Thei:areassof -.the-Town,which__ are-,�,likely.to .experience major land .- use -changes , during the. next-' ten .-zyear.s are ' near _the bridge.. and, ;:f rom . the -.;bridge westward.•to . B.ogue Inlet. _As :,di'scussed . in the development-- constraint section of 'this report .; (see Section .3) ,: the :Town has : seven �.categor ies of ..areas ' of environmental concern (ACE'S). These are:.. (:1) -,coastal wetlands along -Rogue Inlet _and Sound; 7(2)t: est lat ne. waters, Bogue Inlet and --Sound;, (3 ), ,estuarine shorelines ialong,Bogue, Inlet and.,. Sound;: (4) public trust. areas,: Bogue' Inlet; Sound!. and -:Atlantic -Ocean; (5)- ocean erodible -areas al.on:g. Atlantic Ocean; (6) high hazard.. flood areas along .Atlantic. Oce-an;;-and (7).: inlet hazard areas. along :Bogue ._Inlet. These areas .will only -allow development .in conformance with the North Carolina -:Coastal Area Management Act;-. as amended. There are. - no other'.. categories of -areas of environmental concern within the Town. I ISECTION 2: CURRENT PLANS, -POLICIES,: AND- RE)GULAtIONS*: I I I I I I I I I I 11 I I I I 2,.J:.-_- Current -Plans/Policies.. 2.1.1 Transportations, .. A -transportation ;plan .has lbeery prepared .for .:%Carteret ODunty, including Emerald- -Is.1-e-,.--.,-.by--=the.•,North Carolina Departm-ent of Transportation (NCDOT). .' The County Commissioner..6 with the, -:plan and-; have -. not . a:ccepted. 1:t as.- a- Transportation '-Plan =for Carteret _County.. For :thin 1-reason,,Emerald Isle -does 1-,.not ..y6t.have an official Transportati:on.°Plan::­' -1 :,.71 . �In 1975, the major, road-, through.. Emerald Isle, - --Emerald­',Drive,' was An- need of maj or improvements. .-- The- NCDOT. planned' to ""(Ipqf ade.; this road to a one hundred foot -right-;-of -way. with: a'I 24'. 'foot roadway and 6-foot.-, paved ---shoulders.. :Several local pr-(Yperty owners opposed these 1mp'rov.,eme.nts_--and filedsuit to stop this project. However, the.',As6uLirwas resolved and. --Emerald,; Drive is now .,an excellent two lane highway."k -An issue within the.-., publicparti-cipation' plan improvement of streets and roads within., Emerald, Isle., The'. Town has taken necessary steps to devote more attention to its street maintenance. 2.1.2 Community Facilities Plan Emerald Isle, being new, has not yet prepared a community facilities plan, per se. However, in order to improve the necessary public services, the Town has played a major role in the establishment of a Town fire department and rescue squad. A police department has been in existence.for several years. Also, 2-1 I the Town- has, -been- i,nv,9l*ye,d- in. preliminary planni,ng for a municipal nzewer system (-see Section 3.10). 2. 1. -Utilities.., Extension. Policies, ..7 pecau e the; ,Town, Zoes -,not,:C-urrentl --,provide public -utilities,., it ­does ,jp9t..,- have, a.- utility,, extensions: pplicy; Bogup Banks Water and Sewer, Authority -proy..ides public -;water ., supply throughout,thp.; Town. 2.1.4 Recreation and Open Space Policies .In.-J,974j, the Town_ began -a., public., recreation program.- Since that,, time,, the, Town has developed several tennis courts:. and has - installed some playground equipment. The 'Town, as yet,, has not-, adopted a Recreation and open Space Plan. However, all group housing., developments are required :to mle.et-specific open space, and recreational area requirements. 2.1.5-.,Prior Land Use Plans and Policies As a part of the Town's Planning Program in 1974, a Land,, Development Guide was prepared. .- -The.,,gpide- was, adopted. as the official development policy .by the Town.Board-of:Commissioners on February-.-8, 1975.,,- The f-ollowing is the., key ,,statement of that poliqy:-,. High intensity dev'dlo'j5mdht­`sh6UI:d 66 -lo6ated near the bridge (i.e.,, Cameron Langstone Bridgeli •with, -decreasing intensity --as, the distance from the bridge increases. Other policies stated in the 1974 Land Development Guide incl-uded-.the;-.concept,that commercial areas, should -:,be located -near the high density areas in shopping qe�ntler­-jponcept K-at,4e.r­-,., than in strip- apmmex,Th is his means p t-h&t-,,.qommerc sbouldv, be located near the bridge, on either or both sides -of---EMer4ld-. Drive. Strip commercial development" should be= disdduraged,­ and existing strip commercial "areas should' 'be buffered by institutional or multi -family dev.elopm.ent=-to- prevent ener-oachment into, -residential 'areas: Motu s=Should be=groupe'.d irr�a few A areas on ''the beach -rather than `scattered = along the � 'entire beach: ` For ekdmple, "'the Islander,'• MotelL-is iif�an Tdeal: 'location - relative to_, the bridge. other motels should be encouraged to build in •the same general area. In summary, the Land Develotnent Gude:`fostere"d -the -concept that higher intensi-ty land -uses shbtild be located -near the b"ridge for the -f ollowing reasons zF' (1) More efficient use -of `the`Town'_s road -system. -;" (2) Cost xeducti on 'krf Ibstallati on :of a l•uture ` sewa'ge collection system. (3) Reduction of high -oTuiues' of traffic throughlow ..density - areas•. (4) Development of stable area. ' (5) Discouragement of -strip' commercial development: _ In addition to the Land Use Guide, the Town also had -goals and objectives concerning future development that were adopted ,as a part of the original 1975 CAMA Land Use Plan. -These goals and ob5ectives''included the 'following: To continue to encourage the development of a good, clean. .,if amily "beach: "e To continue efforts to maintai'n high-' stari"d'et,dd`-fo"t`� both A residential .and commercial areas.."'? '- • To encourage -the= devel'opinent of =public: �faci1i�ti�es'rT0f.) beach access 'areas �: `a -I _ '2 ­�3 • To insure that the; Town'_s population does not, exceed the ' capacity of natural ; r.esources and supporting. public facilities. • To continue efforts to construct,,;a,:.public. sewage treatment system- for:; the Bogue Sound area. To improve . the,. qual i_ty Hof Town, streets. ' • To., continue . to, follow.- the -.,Town,, Land. Development G ui de. _ ..In the. -1981 update of •.Land Use. Plan,: all of the previous , policies were reaffirmed and -.reemphasized and the following ' additional policy statements were ,codif;ied: � • To discourage industrial., development_within the Town. ' � To .,,increase. participation in :S-tate and Federal- grant, _programs where appropriate,.,.=, ' ,• :To- support beach nourishment ,and channel maintenance ' profacts by :the US. Army Cor.,ps of Engineers. • ,To promote: tourism -and open, beach..,access. ' 0 To, support .a continued:, program of,,. public education on land _use. .issues affecting, ;the Town and: to, encourage the open ; discussion .of such issues at public meetings. t As a direct outgrowth of the of or,ement.ioned -pol icy of .- encour.a,ging 4igher Aensity,.,.development ..near to the high rise ' bridge,- the Town Board . -has implemented a. rezoning policy relative; to -commercial. and institutional land,,uses. In the area of the ' bridge ._(.Emerald Driv-e)„ to E. Holly :S;treet,, rezonings will -.be directed,, -to B-3. ;From Holly. Street <;to L;ive Oak ,,Street,, rezon ngs, . will. =ber to. B-2. From ;Live..Oak Street to Seagull, Street-, zoning ' changes will be to B-1. From Seagull Street to Black Skimmer '2-4 ' Road, rezoning will be to INST.`','(Seie Section 2-'.2.;.1 following for descriptions of these zoning categories)' 2.1.6 Storm Hazard Mitigation Plan/Post Disaster Reconstruction Plan/Destructive Wbathe­r1-'Plan'; A Storm Hazard Mitigat-ion 'Pl* a':n-',a;'n­d P'o s"t, D`X` 6?a�-'S' t e r Reconstruction Plan was ­'pft&j)are'd_ f_,Or',*the- Town of Emeial d 191 e June 1984 by George.-Eidhl-e'r,'.-.ik-Asr;6cia-t'es',�-and--Sa 'ti1-la Planni rig, "and Inca to' meet the specific- needs' of --the Town to c6nform­to``the adopted state rules for 'storm'. liazaird planning. "(11ote: A -copy of this plan is found in Appendix 9).-' In the Storm Hazard- Mik:i-4&tidh` Plan it was concluded uded that the entire Town of Emerald.:Idie As' susceptible to sign'ificant,,st6rm damage from a hurricane or an extra-tropicail-- storm (n'6rlddsiter) of similar magnitude. , HovieVdr, only, 6' pex-cent -of-' the' Towdl s dwelling units are located in AEC or"in 'area's susceptible to flooding associated with -the':100-year, storm. The' entire` Town 'is susceptible to wind damAge''., -'In- general,the Town' s­existing mitigation policies: meet: the re'q-uirements- for- hazard mi - t i-4a=t i on planning embodied _in' exi'bting -State giiidel'ines.More specifically it was noted` that '(1) The Townl,s growth -'p6lic-y,.encourages.t'r*61,it'lVely'-'-I-*O-W'-" I .. 1.1 1 density residential development'; 'high rise 'develoipmebtTs al-onq`�tlie ocean -are not typi"cally found in Emerald Isle.- The Towrilib:s,a, so down-zofied lands= that -originally allowed '.-up to 13* 5 `-dwelfkfnig units reduce' -- the per -acre to dwelling _Uinits -per acre". ifiziY­ ul.-Eirddte number- of units by 21200 or -about' -7,20-0 seas6nai s'tles.- (2) The Town's policies support and are consistent with State policies and re'g'u1ati•ons for development`" in Area's of Environmental Concern. - r (3) l�`iiew-developmern'must 'conform"with 'tiie -provisions'of''' the iNC Building' Code. _ 'Town 's floodpl`an' development` policies- conform-­i'th all 'Federal and State requirements. _ (5) " The . Town' does a gaodj ob ' of controlling 'mobile home developments in order to minimize hazard ''damages: Mobile homes' are `restricted"to a specific distii"ct and must' conform with elevation:and other' requirements: '(6) The Town has made ari obvfous' effort to keep up with building -code and land use regulation -enforcement during the recent growth period by -hiring additional" building inspection - personnel.: The`' basic conclusion of the Storm' Hazard `Mitigation' Plan was- 'the the Town of Emerald. Isle" was `doing' a good ')"ob to -mitigate' f uture storm damages and that the Tow'n' s, policies meet =both- the requirements and philosophical objectives contained in State gui-delifies., .... . , _ ... The only -recommended changes to existing policies -made in the plan was that the Town should consider revising its zoning ordinance -pr�ovisions'"governing non -conforming --situations- (Section 9-4033) `'to s (a) `more ` explicitly- cover replacement- or repair of non--coriforining'- structures so that 'they' are "`required "to meet appfi`6abfe" floodplain., 'regulations` and`- provisions-�of `'the North Carolina State Building Code governnv- wind 'loads;' and'"(b)` 'that upon destruction to or beyond a specific percentage of structure 2-6 I value- (50 percent is recommende,d), all structures be -required to meet all applicable regulations (zoning, flood, building code, health is if code, etc.) . The rationale that a,.building sustains more.. than 50 percent damage -,it Is...for -all: pqict kcak, -purposes destroyed and if the zoning ordinance terms classify ,it'-as,"non- conforming, " it -should not .,be.. allowed., to, rebuild, to ,the. -same size and conditions in the same location.. Addi.t,ionally',,,,..these be. ap lied, specif ically to both. -conforming provisions should non uses and conforming structures. .;-The Post-Dis.aster..Reco.nstr,,uction Plan provides.,a program to. deal with the aftermaths of a storm in.an organized and efficient manner. The Plan provide-s the mechanismsy ..,procedures,. .gnd policies . that - will enable - :the..Town to learn from its .storm experiences and to rebuild the, community, in a wise and practical manner. The Emerald Isle Post -Disaster Reconstruction - Plan encompasses three distinct. reconstruction periods and provides detailed procedures for handling each phase:.,,.,. • The emergency perAo is..the reconstruction. phase immediately., after a storm.,. The emphasis: is on. restoring -publi.c. _health and safety, assessing the nature and extent of st o rm. damaqe, and .qualifying . for and obtaining ,whatever: federal and state, assistance might available.. _.be I • The restoration period -...covers the weeks and .months .foll,owing -4 storm, disaster. The ',.emphasis during- this period is on ring. community,' utilities, .e,sse-nttal restoring. .,facilities,.,.. busi.nessese. etc.,r so that the community ;can -.once. ,again . function. in .a normal.. ma nne r. a fi 2-7 • The -replacement reconstruction period. is the period_, during. which ,toe_ community is :rebuilt., The period could last from months,, to,, years :depepdi,ng : on : the nature . and .extent -of the -- damages incurred. ..,The--,D�structive-,-Weather.-Plan,,,_adop_ted� in.,,September,,.1-985 outlines instructions for, -the organization 1.ancj. : operation.,. of -,the.- Town, .dur.ing destructive w.eather, ,condit:ionsi and, defines they. location, of and operation-, of. an. Emergency•..OPerations Centers (EOC)._.,. Mote: .,a copy.. of this_ plan- is found in Appendix F) 2.2 -Current. Land Use Regulations.,. 2.2.1 ,,zoning Ordinance. „The ,Tow.n adopted its first zoning -.,ordinance, during the ate 1950' s. It was based on a pyramid concept with .R72 Residential--. Zones at the.top..of the pyramid and;mobile homes and camps at .the bottom. of . the ,, pyramid.- If a property owner :did not, want -to be zoned with a great deal of restrictions, all -he needed -to do -was to have his property zoned mobile home. This would allow the L owner to use his property for residential or commercial use. Originally, if a degree of +land use protection was desired, restrictive covenants were used. This original zoning ordinance is l ar,gely responsible for;. the rincompatible mixed land use which exists at some locations within the Town today. Another problem with the,ori:ginal ordinance is that -the minimum lot area was only 5,000 square feet. Problems, will likely arise when the requests for septic tank permits are made for these substandard lots. On June 14, 1975, the Town adopted a new zoning ordinance. The minimum lot size with this ordinance was 8,000 square feet. In 1977, the lot size.was increased to 12,500 square feet. In 2-8 order that the new ordi-nance -would not=liay.e' the same --problems with septic tank -permits as the -'old, -'a coiidi-t on was placed in -rdgulativns-''requirifig�'a `Department the subdivision County Health review of all new subdivisions before they were' `pisex ted�to the Planning Board-' n, preliminary `'form: '-`- Pridr -approval -by' County .Health Department `was - di,scon-timed becarise eFee' -County � d-i- "not wAn't ;to grant bl'an•ket' -approval' `for =they entirer sub�di`��i~sion:' --lot- Approval is.' now given"bn`'a by'Jot� basis prior to the issuance of building permits: Thiis: poli'cy�' s '-'consisten+- witli lni� St&te regulations governing septic tank='approval: .-.A -close- coordination ' is necessary between the County Health --Department=='abd �the' Building Inspector' as, a r•esulel'".of -'the. promulgation of"`the' •n'ew State regulations. -- The! existing' zoning ordinance' 'has 'te`n (10) separate'' distrlifts and seven M overlay districts:- -These -districts and' 'the -purpose of each are as follows-:' Districts Purpose ti " Residential 1 (Rl) A single family residential district allowing a single- family -` dwelling on a lot. - . Residential 2. (R2) A residential district allowing a -" `-a .'61 le famil dwerlin two 9 y 9 or family dwelling on a ,lot. Residential MF (RMF) A residential district allowing a.. - single family dwelling, ' a 'two family dwelling, or a multi -family i Y - dwelling on a`- lot. - w 2-9 f Districts Purpose Residential MH (RMH) A residential district allowing a ` single family dwelling, ` a two family dwelling, a multi -family 'dwelling, a motel or hotel on a MO fe.''H MH'j A mobile home district allowing mobile homes. Institutional T'(I'nst.') `` - A residential district allowing ,.''.institutional and office uses, not including the sale of merchandise. Business 1 (B-1) "A!b'usiness district allowing a `limited variety of retail trade. Business =2 ' (B-2) ' " ~A• -business district allowing a `moderate variety of retail trade. Business 3 (B-3)- = 9-business district allowing a general and wide variety of retail • . . -. . - ...... � - • trade:.; .. .. . Camp, (C)' �_A`r`ecreational district allowing travel trailers, campers and tents. Coastal Wetlands (CW) -An­oif6rlay district which may ov�erl•ay any of the zoning districts so `established as a part of this ordinance, requiring that development within such districts • be', consistent with the Coastal Wetlands standards of the North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act of 1974 as amended. Estuarine -•Waters (EW), "An"overlay district which may -- ;overlay any of the .zoning districts so established as a part of this ordinance, requiring that development within such districts , ' be consistent with the Estuarine Water 'Standards of the North =� Carolina Coastal Area Management 'Act of 1974 as amended. / Districts Pur pose Estuarine Shoreline (ES) An' overlay district which may overlay any of the zoning districts so,pstablished as a point of this or3.i.nance, requiring that all development within such districts _-within 75 feet of estuarine ,waters ` be ..consistent with `the Estuarine Shoreline standards of the N. C. :Coastal Area Management Act_ of 1�7.4. - as.amended. Public Trust Area (PTA) An `overlay district which may overlay any of the zoning districts .t so established as a part of this ordinance, requiring that _development within such ,.districts. , . _,be .,consistent with the Public Trust Areas standards of the North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act -.;of 1974 as amended... Ocean'Beaches (OB) m •, +An�.overlay district which may overlay any of the zoning districts ..so .,established as a part of this,-, ordinance,. requiring that 1 development within such districts be- consistent with, the .Ocean Beaches standards of the North Carolina Coastal Area Management ACt -of 1974 as amended. Frontal Dunes (FD) yAn..ov.erlay district which may ..overlay any of the zoning districts so *established as a part of this ` J ordinance, requiring that . development within such districts .,be.,,consistent with; .the ,FrontAL Dunes standards of the North ` Carolina Coastal Area Management. :Adt of 1974 as amended. Inlet Lands (IL) , "An.,`overlay district which may overlay any of the zoning districts ,.so established as a part of this ordinance, requiring that ` development within such districts be consistent with the Inlet Lands standards of the North Carolina 2-11 Coastal Area Management Act of 1974 as amended. Ocean Erodible Areas (OEA) An overlay district which may overlay'any of theft zoning; districts. sb') estab,14shed a-&3 a- part-. off .ti iz� akUi.nan rety-uiribl., that deb el ov m e-nt:,: w! UA W; sueh-) di.str i cts3 be CdKb bVb" -nVT with" thee Ocean. ErodIbl�eAr Ws- st'aTdar&-..of- the, North'" Cikzollh&B� OoasthIl kr�tra NLanageff& ie Aic"tz off 19744 as- ayffended., Each- of the separate distr-ict`s=- are. mutd >ll e:xvl usive: T-ha ordinance= has a' table of permitt'ed'uses- WI ch sta=tthe t3:pes' of uses allowed' in each zone. TE& zoning" map is- shown' hereivi as Map 2.2.1.` ' 2.2.2 Si#�c7iusvn--Reulatioii<S..-(Ordria_nce The Town- cod f�i°ed and` a'aopted? a d-Id6d- :-v i=sz do r-equ ati on Ln- March', 1974 Arid updated' same in Al3fTl-ji 1=984. The f ive-f old: purpose of the regulation° is as follow (l) To provide for e`cornom cad: an-d` su-f-ffclen't stre,et•s with adequate w dtY s and With: pfo r al'i-grim'erit acid grade; (2) To provide' s%pace for i f.& sanitary dwelling affld acc6 odationi within the- corporate limits of the Town; 1. (3); To provide for suitabi& resideritial neighborhoods with adequate streets and utilities and appra`p iate building sites; (4') To save unnecessary expe.fr'dit-ure of public f unds by studying space and recommending from time to time the purchase of such space fot public lands and b'dild ngs and by initial proper construction of streets and utilities: 2=12 r 339000 337000 335000 533000 P1 331000 it/lYVV f�/..vvV svr vvw ��••��� �-•---- MAP 2.2.1, PART A EXISTING ZONING MAP TOWN OF EMERALD ISLE , N.C. EMI RAtrD ISLE LAND USE PLAN UPDATE 1986 LAND RESOURCES Un INFORMATION SERVICE NC DEPT OF NR&CD —J 919/733-2090 SCALE 1: 15840 1 INCH = 1320 FT 11 17 1962 EMERAL. SL. A. L 1 ORIG SCALE 1: 24000 NORTH HENRY VON .OESEN 81 ASSOCIATES CONSULTING ENGINEERS a PLANNERS DISTRICT ZONING DESIGNATION DISTRICT C CAMP R- I RESIDENTIAL i R-2 RESIDENTIAL 2 R-MF RESIDENTIAL MF R-MH RESIDENTIAL MH MH MOBILE HOME INST INSTITUTIONAL B-1 . BUSINESS I B-2 BUSINESS 2 WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA B-3 BUSINESS 3 OVERLAY OVERLAY DISTRICT ZON I N G DESIGNATION DISTRICT ESL ESTUARINE SHORE LINE CW COASTAL WETLANDS EW ESTUARINE WATERS PTA PUBLIC TRUST AREA OB OCEAN BEACHES FD FRONTAL DUNES IHA ® INLET HAZARD AREAS OEA OCEAN ERODIBLE AREAS Go ! Y r T 1 � 1 440000 t ` i R-2 t EEA/PTA OB /PTA FD a»000 zsoo100 11 346000 346000 u4000 9� ESL 342000 E W � 1 1 1 1 R—MH 1 FD PTA N Q - SOv- z 1 E � G U E PT A V ESL PTA R-22 ESL EW OEA/PTA OB/PTA FD D R-2. R-2 _ R-M 1 PTA ESL EW PTA 1 MH 1 C 1_ 1 FD R_MF W R-2 1 i ►; 1 B-3 1 PTA PIER R-2 A N 0 E N .� ` C A � �" A 2802000 2604000 260-000 2606too MAP 2.2.1, PART B EXISTING ZONING MAP TOWN OF EMERALD ISLE , N . C. EMERALD ISLE .LAND USE PLAN UPDATE 1986 LAND RESOURCES INFORMATION SERVICE Ir NC DEPT OF NR&CD --j 919/733-2090 SCALE 1: 15840 1 INCH = 1320 FT 11 17 1982 EMERAL. SL. B. L 1 67 ORIG SCALE 1: 24000 NORTH HENRY VON OESEN a ASSOCIATES 2810000 2.I2000 CONSULTING ENGINEERS a PLANNERS 2e14000 2616too 2614000 2820000 2522000 WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 2624000 2626000 2626000 2874 (5) - To provide proper land records for the convenience of the r, public and for better identification and permanent location of �- real estate boundaries. This regulation simply lists the standards for land subdivision. Once the preliminary plan is approved, development can begin. Lot sales cannot take place until the final plat plan is recorded. The Planning Board reviews the final plat to insure compliance with the approved pr-eiiminary plan. In April 1985' the regulation was amended to require all new subdivisions to dedicate -a minimum public access width of 10 feet from -each street right-of-way to the high water mark of both the Atlantic Ocean and Bogue Sound at both the east and west boundaries and center in each of the Town's fifty-four (54) blocks starting at the.. western limits of Indian Beach and proceeding in a westerly direction to Bogueinlet. Similarly developers ;of mobile home parks and travel trailer parks are required to dedicate one 10- foot -wide public access way for each 350 feet of ocean- or sound frontage with a minimum of one access way for every mobile home park/travel trailer park with a minimum frontage of 150 feet on each side on both the Atlantic- Ocean' and Bogue Sound. 2-.2.3 Floodplain Management -Regulations A Floodplain' Ordinance adopted in April, 1985 is part of the Town'.s' zoning: ordinarice (Article I). It is designed to meet _requirements of the National Flood Insurance key provisions including: 2-13 (1) All new residential construction, or substantial improvements (repairs or reconstruction worth .50 percent of market value) must be elevated to or above the base flood level elevations. (2) Commercial buildings -located-in-either the "V" (velocity) or "A" (static) flood zones must be elevated to the base flood level or floodproofed. (3) Open space or breakaway walls must, be used below base flood elevation in "V" zones. .(4) The design and installation of anchorings and pilings must be certified by a registered engineer or architect. (5) No alteration of dunes or use of fill for structural support shall occur in the "V" zone. 2.2.4 Building Codes/Inspection Building permits are issued bythe_Building Inspector .for structures which comply with provisions of the NC Building Code. Inspections of new construction are carried out by the Town Building Inspector and his staff. 2.2.5 Nuisance Regulation The Town of Emerald Isle has adopted nuisance.'regulations and codified same in Part 8 of the Town's Code of Ordinances. These regulations cover such nuisances as disorderly conduct, animal control, abandoned vehicles, weeds and ref use, general health. regulations, beach and shore regulations (including surfing restrictions), weapons and miscellaneous nuisances not included in the above categories. 2-114 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 . I I 2.2.6 Dunes and Vegetation Protection Ordinance The Town of Emerald Isle adopted.a Dunes and Vegetation j Protection Ordinance in April 1980 and amended same in October, 1984. The stated purpose of the ordinance is "to preserve and promote the protection of the sand dunes and the vegetation thereon" due to the fact that "flagrant destruction of existing topography and vegetation greatly alters the maintenance and continuity of the banks, increases -problems of erosion, and lessens the scenic and tax value of property within the Town." At least 45 percent of the natural vegetation must be left in place on residential lots, 25-percent on commercial lots zoned Bl or B2 and 15 percent on commercial lots zoned B3 under the, terms of this ordinance. Permits are required prior to any alteration of dunes or the removal of vegetation: - 2.2.7 Sedimentation "andy!Erosion Control The Town of Emerald Isle does not have a sedimentation and erosion control ordinance at the present time. New projects involving the disturbance of over one (1) contiguous acre of land must file a Sedimentation and Erosion Control Plan with the N. C. Division of Land Resources (set Table 2.2.12.1). As a step towards controlling stormwater runoff, the.town recently contracted for the preparation of a Master Drainage Plan. This plan will define the need for a local sedimentation/erosion control" and stormwater runoff control ordinance. 2.2.8 Environmental Impact Ordinance The Town of Emerald Isle does not yet have an environmental impact ordinance. 2-15 2.2.9 Mobile Home Regulations Mobile homes constitute about 35 percent of the existing housing stock ,,.---,-,an- estimated 1110.9-0.- units.,_ The Tow-n s__.z.,.on_i.n,g ordinance-establishes,.mobile-lhome placement and designs standards;,__ flood hazard --design considerations are included,,in-,.the.floodplain" regulations and require, elevation above the 100-year flood elevation,,tiedowns,:.,and prohibition on mobile homes locating in. "V" zones. 2.2.10,,Other-Local Regulations Other .-ordinances. adopted by the Town which deal with local development include a Sign ordinance. An ordinance regulating massage- parlors is cur-rently under development. Emerald Isle does snot. have_ local. historic district regulations. " The development codes and ordinances are enforced by the Planning Board and Town Board of Commissioners. The official enforcement officer ,is, the Building Inspector. Any appeals of his decisions are presented to, the Board of Adjustments. The Town depends on the Carteret..County Health Department for enforcement of septic tank ,regulations. 2.2.11.1i Solid.Waste Program Solid..waste.collection and disposal is providedthrougha. contract. with a private hauler and disposed in the county landf iil',* 2.2.12Federal and State k64ulatfo-n's'-'­" The,.f-o-11owing is a list of Federal and State agencies which hay.e,.-jurisdiction,.w,ithin,.,..the coastal area including the Town of Emerald -,Is1e:.,'-_ 2-16 TABLE 2.2.12.1 FEDERAL AND STATE LICENSES AND PERMITS Ageney=:_ ;r, :.",- 3 �;O:'Licenses'and Formits"' USArmy -Corps=ofEngineers= .�• r=' =Permits requires -Under Sections 9 and 10 of the Rivers >and- Harbors of 1899; permits to construct in navigable waters (docks, piers, etc.). - Permits required under Section 103 of. the. `Marine Protection, Research and = Sanctuaries Act `of 1972. - Permits required under Section 404 of the Federal Water Pollution Control ' Act of 1972; permits to r, undertake dredging -and/or' filling activities (marinas, boat slips,,' -- etc.). Coast G uard = - Permits for bridges, . (Department of Transportation) causeways, pipelines over - navigable waters; required under the General Bridge Act.of 1946 and the Rivers : and Harbors Act of 1899. Coast Guard (Department of Transportation) - Deep water port:peimits Geological Survey°• ' '. - Permits required for off -shore drilling. Bureau of Land Management - Approval of OCS pipeline (Department of Interior) corridor rights -of -way.' Nuclear Regulatory Commission - License for siting, construction and operation of nuclear power plants; ..required, under the. -Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and Title II of the., -`Energy Reorganization Act of 1974. 2-17 Agency Licenses and Federal Energy Regulatory - Permits for construction, Commission operation and maintenance of interstate pipelines facilities required under the Natural Gas Act of 1938. - Orders of Interconnection of electric transmission facilities under Section 202 (b) of the Federal Power Act. - Permission required for abandonment of natural gas pipeline and associated facilities under Section 7C (b) of the Natural Gas Act of 1938. - Licenses for non-federal hydro -electric projects and associated transmission lines under Sections 4 and 15 of the Federal Power Act. STATE LICENSES AND PERMITS Agency Licenses and Permits Department of Natural Resources Pa - Permits to discharge to 9 and Community Development surface waters or operate Division of Environmental wastewater treatment Management (DEM) plants or oil discharge permits; NPDES Permits, (G. S. 143-215) . - Permits for withdrawal of surface or ground waters in capacity use areas (G.S. 143-215.15). 2-18 I 1 1 I Table 2.2.12.1, continued Agency Licenses and Permits - Permits for air pollution abatement facilities and sources (G.S.142-215.108). - Permits for construction of complex sources; e.g. parking lots, subdivisions, stadiums, etc. (G.S. 143-215.109). - Permits for construction of a well over 100,000 gallons/day. (G.S. 87-88) . Department of Natural Resources - Permits to dredge and/or and Community Development fill in estuarine waters, Division of Coastal Management tideland, etc. (G.S. (DCM) 113-229). - Permits (major CAMA permits) to undertake development in Areas of Environmental Concern (G.S. 113A-118) . NOTE: Minor development permits are issued by the local government through the office of the Building Inspector. Department of Natural Resources - Permits to alter or and Community Development construct a dam (G.S. Division of Land Resources (DLR) 143-215.66). - Permits to mine (G.S. 74- 51) . - Permits to drill an exploratory oil or gas well (G.S. 113-381) . - Permits to conduct geophysical exploration (G.S. 113-391). 2-19 1 1 1 Table 2.2.12.1, Continued Agency Licenses and Permits - Sedimentation erosion control plans for any land disturbing activity of over one contiguous acre (G.S. 113A-54) . Department of Natural Resources - Permits to construct an and Community Development oil refinery. Secretary of NRCD Department of Administration - Easements to fill where State Property Office lands are proposed to be raised above the normal high water. mark of navigable waters by filling (G.S. 146.6(c)). Department of Human Resources - Approval to operate a solid waste disposal site or facility (G.S. 130- 166.16) . 2-20 Approval for construction of any public water supply facility that furnishes water to ten or more residences (G.S. 130- 160.1) Approval for construction of and operation of any wastewater .treatment facilities which involve subsurface discharges of treated effluent (G.S. 130A-11). SECTION 3:- LAND SUITABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS 3.1 Physical Limitations for Development Emerald Isle is located on a barrier island and therefore has several obvious physical limitations for development, namely the Atlantic Ocean, Bogue Inlet and Bogue Sound. Emerald Isle is also bounded on the east by another municipality, Indian Beach. On the mainland across Bogue Sound, the Town of Cape Carteret occupies the soundf ront land east of Highway 58. Further east the.US military installation, Bogue Field, occupies considerable territory. Thus, potential for expansion of the current land area of Emerald Isle by annexation does not appear possible given these aforementioned physical constraints. In addition to the obvious constraints on development, there are specific areas within the Town which have conditions which would make development costly or which would cause certain undesirable consequences if developed. These other limitations are discussed below: 3.1.1 -Hazard Areas (Man-Made/Natural) ' 3.1.1.1 Man -Made Hazard Areas There are no man-made hazard areas within Town limits. However, Bogue Field which is located on the mainland north of Emeral.d Isle constitutes a man-made hazard area which has an effect on the Town. The proximity to Bogue Field makes Emerald Isle vulnerable to noise and the threat of crashes of military aircraft. 3-1 To address this issue the Department of'the Navy.has developed an Air Installation Compatibility Use Zone (AICUZ) Program. The overall purpose of the AICUZ_.is 'to protect the mission of the air installation and at the same time give consideration to the welfare ='of surrounding =communities. Essentially, the AICUZ designates geographic areas or "zones" where. certain types of land development should be restricted. The most recent update of the AICUZ plan for Bogue Field was in 1981 and it is the latest available plan. The plan is based on an annual operations level of 29,820 flight operations as the historical baseline. The Bogue Airfield is open for flight operations from 9 am to 4 pm Monday through Thursday, 9 am to 12 noon on Friday, and is closed on Saturday, Sunday and holidays. Typical missions include practice landings and touch and go loops for student training and proficiency training of locally based_ air crews. Many of the missions are designed to -simulate carrier based landings and takeoffs. The aircraft types which typically use the -airfield and relative percentages of use are listed in Table 3.1.1. No aircraft are permanently based at Bogue Field. The AICUZ plan for Bogue Field is illustrated on 'Map 3.1.1. The plan combines the elements of noise impact and accident potential to create a graphic footprint of the overall impacts of field operations on adjacent lands. A total of seven (7) zones are depicted on Map 3.1.1. These zones are further defined in Table 3.1.2. Also shown on Map 3.1.1 are the sites of aircraft crashes to the year 1981. There are 18 crash sites shown on the map with 15 occurring within the clear zone, one (1) in Zone I-2, ..one (1) in Zone 3 on station and one (1) at Emerald Isle proper 3-2 TABLE AIRCRAFT USE RA ES BOGUE FIELU' Aircraft Type T . Percentage 77 of 0_perations2 • A-6 13 AV-8 (Harrier) 39 C-130 (Car_go) 7 ' Helicopter (Various Types).__ 28 Total 100 Notes: 1• Source: US 'Navy 1981 'Air:.Installation Compatible Usie�'tone' Plan (MCALF Bogue). 2• Based on 1981 data of Bogue Field usage by various aircraft types. Operational levels have been relatively con-stant since 1981. 1 WAS M M � � i � �,• ' "' ti. ��r,y�;� jai. F�"�1`• (.r1 �1,,e If . i f ,. ,; ,• {t JL' ` t . ' • / l 1 l C. ti �• . � i:� � i.t'�; �1yr { "a la,"b % t j �• > Q ,t.' �1 t ,.t?t'V d,,r •�l Ili. G, � .!'.''7i ' \ ).•= L r' a .�!P•� ,T. ♦,��"'' �!J'�'�� �I I. rE �:-� ( / t. •f ;• / t}Xr: _ .,% (')/' �.•�� �,'�.• I ,!r .•� (1�:.\ (Y,+.% ',^a l�_�.�.��'j. �'�1,,,,•'. f.—� ���� I. •vV 5. dJtr �''��7'�� '1.� �����•}•/cam\)1. j; r '+i '�, ! .� :'�' ' � ' �� r � :.i t?•`'.� J :��*Lfr-.`�� 1���:/r•-. �'�'. r'V `r' t . .�. �� f`3•'��9+(S� ../ ,l � �� •f,��J��'' 7•� •` ..� a '�, '3y �qqpp 1` 4 1J \ S" / (/(/ '• 1 ~y � �' (t �)� , '7 �"" ` � r!_� - f! t � !�' '���e►� � / �l. V 's •. L.. i` '/1 ^:'... '��'M-'•• .f,..! .fV'"'V' � ; f :�•'2 e 1., '�)' { '. '(/( ��n ���I �`\ - � .� .�.ac ��. ��1 1 C • ,! ���� �it!1 J ,,�•� .�` 3t1 }��� ,,.1) 1 •t 1 Clear zone i J �%.. i Ttl :•, r� t`„`i.� �..#,'1rd+ _�. �;�•1 )/.^,J) C> rr� '•'1 „L. -�r'� 2" .f. I+�� � .a ` ` f ,� { t � � t(rr l/rr a.•S. :I .�r' ,� jr�.•/.a• A T :l, noise zone 3 r t "fit err f? t = noise zone 2 t .+: (' t.f rf; ': r M. 7, nose zone � u. ;,,y=•t d:Cr( � ! t't Sd=)+. ay� 1� �� ` y" ��1Y� ��I . > APZ Ii3 n1 Ufa ,t n �✓ �5 1!� t K !•.� APZ I noise zone 2 i 'APZ II noise zone 3 .� � � ;, ���,.�'s, � �� t _ . E s. • ' t ^ � t .w,,... +)t`'�/ { 11•t APZ 11 noise zone 2 '-�r�t�,✓ + l�� '` .f�tsV i - ( u'" .p :^. ✓� �;,~•, 4fU ie.! '/yl�} ,i�ra ae...I y�,l + s adis i. CR -,*#WES OF va-0cp F� Y� , !� d • } r:" �' 1401) 0 2000 4000 8000 feel ,f +{I'��'.ot.:A•�f �� JC' t a 1-'`',f" .>r ', � � �~r 3/'%t' ! � .��Y fs ,! � tf;. ' � r.a,� !•:e .a. � `�� J7( \'•..�, � ,� 1 � �r !.��tpfYj,r+ry;. .r i�i�fl + '��,� .,>, • Y • wde. � :'? • r,. f,� i�� �^' f h'r' rG'Rr•r,,., . �lT ` 1�: , t FIELD u �� i,ry t :1" r f • t �.r; iufl�i i y `�]i �Yir�y ' !' •%.Zi, r 1 f . '� ,.�i `��[ 1'Crjti �• 4 � � • * ,y. � } � .� t ���; d�, 7� �"3 - { a•. m..w tz iit^`� f c Sitit ! ' I.�tF* a/ #,^ D�v� �l rift '"' w��/ lac' �'1�f L �1,4Y•�C. . �+ ` pa'�'. ilh>" ..r _ y.. :.. )� ! �r `}•� $,�s f,��` rt . j'`��IJJ�t. •„' .;`�•.'�. Saj/�M:sr.�: .+ a }y{ � s,�,�r� �1,.... � N�n1 ••Z� 1� � f •^ ,Mx r��, , sr �'I� � �.� a �r'}s .. �oy{y {i 'N r .^ • r'.� tgS+M� '� �� � .•i A> ti 1` '�t „t n, G "; S 1f'• P �• y Fl` jt rir .�7 '�� t, . 'F�' �i 'f• �„=%31` %s ;y'x�:t , MAP 3.1.1 J ' AI GUZ PLAN IHLHENRY VON OESEN ASSOCIATES FOR ,•....,.• ts7_ a7 • . CONSULTING ENGINEERS a PLANNERS B O G U E FIELD '"�'•`- WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TABLE 3.1.2 COMBINED ACCIDENT POTENTIAL AND NOISE IMPACT ZQ�IES FOR BOGUE FIELD=//��•/ Hazard Zone Designation CZ Description Clear Zone High Noise Impact Zone Accident Potential Zone I High Noise Impact Zone 3 Accident Potential Zone I Moderate Noise Impact Zone 2 Accident Potential Zone II. High Noise Impact Zone 3 Accident Potential Zone II Moderate Noise Impact Zone 2 No Accident Potential High Noise Impact Zone 3 No Accident Potential Moderate Noise Impact Zone 2 Notes: 1-1/Source: US Navy 1981, Air Installation Compatible Use Zone Plan (MCALF Bogue). 2./ See Map 3.1.1 for locations.of zones. 1 ' in Zone II-3. Sixteen of these crashes occurred prior to 1975. An analysis of these accidents revealed that 25 percent of the crashes happened on takeoff while 63 percent occurred during landings. The remaining 12 percent occurred during general operations. ' With respect to the Town of Emerald Isle, four (4) of the AICUZ zones occur within the Town. Of special concern are Zones ' II-2 and II-3 which overlap residential. development land uses at Emerald Isle. It is the Town's policy to inventory these areas and to advise developers of the potential hazards (see Map 3.1.2). Requests for rezoning to higher densities than allowed under existing classifications will be given special scrutiny. i3.1.1.2 Natural Hazard Areas The natural hazard areas include the flood hazard area (V- zone), ocean erodible area on the beachfront and the inlet hazard area at Bogue Inlet. These hazard areas are shown on the zoning map (Map 2.2.1) . With the exception of an 1,850-foot area adjacent to and immediately east of the inlet hazard area at Bogue Inlet, the ocean erodible area at Emerald Isle is 170 feet which consists of an annual average .erosion rate of two feet and an estimated 100 year storm recession of 50. feet. , The aforementioned oceanfront area near to Bogue Inlet has an ocean erodible area of 230 feet consisting of an annual average erosion rate of 3 feet and an iestimated 100 year storm recession of 50 feet. I 3-3 1 1 \ 1 1 1 1 1 R-MH 8 3 -y�- 1 C 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i B-3 ; R 2 1 R-M H 1 1 � i B-3 1 ' ' G PTA -` ' N '• P L R-MF p► .0 N o s� PTA m PTA I 1 1 1 1 R-M H �1 R 2 1 M 1 1 VIA 1 -3 1 A %C\ B PTA Q G MH PIER MAP 3. 1 .2 AI-CUZ OVERLAY DISTRICT TOWN OF EMERALD ISLE,N.C. 1986 LAND USE PLAN . UPDATE O 660 1320 2640 1��= 1320� HENRY VON OESEN 13 ASSOCIATES CUN5UL1 INU tNUINttK5 tk FLANNtKS WILMING 1 UN, N. U. 3.1.2 'Soil Limitations The general pattern of soil types at Emerald Isle are shown on Map 3.1.2.1. Descriptions of each of the soil types in terms of limitations for development using USDA Soil Conservation Service (SCS) classification system are shown in Table 3.1.2.1. Proper performance of septic tank absorption fields depends in part on the ability of the soil to absorb the wastewater. Failure occurs if this function is not performed. Absorption is directly related to the hydraulic conductivity characteristics of the soil, which are largely controlled by the pore geometry I(texture) of the soil material. Map 3.1.2.2 Presents a graphic representation of the overall soil patterns at Emerald Isle in terms of septic tank limitations. The limitations, whether severe or very severe, are based on Soil Conservation Service criteria. In many of the soils that have severe limitations for septic tank absorption systems, certain manipulations can be made so that satisfactory performance can be achieved. However, suitability decisions can only be made on a case by case and lot by lot basis. Generally speaking, soils that have very severe limitations are unsuitable ' for septic tank systems of any nature. A central sewer system is needed to serve these areas. Map 3.1.2.2 also clearly shows that large areas along the sound side of the island have severe or very severe limitations for septic tank use. The map also clearly shows several pronounced linear, interdunal narrow troughs that contain either ponded water, shallow organic soils, or poorly drained mineral 3-4 1 345000 �Lo 541000 390ow 337000 396000 339000 331000 BOGUE SOUND BOGUE INLET 2571000 SE NAB SE 2573000 CL 2575000 API WOO SE 2577000 MAP 3.1.2.1, PART A GENERAL SOILS MAP TOWN OF EMERALD ISLE , N. EMERALD ISLE LANU JSE PLAN UPDATE !986 2570000 2Ss9 Mo CH ND ATLANTIC OCEAN I M70" LAND RESOURCES I SCALE 1: 15840 cn INFORMATION SERVICE ! 1 INCH = 1320 FT '--� 11 17 1982 NC DEPT OF NR&CD EMERAL. SOIL. A. P 1 ---I 919/733-2090 ORIG SCALE 1: 24000 NORTH HENRY VON OESEN 8k ASSOCIATES CONSULTING ENGINEERS 8 PLANNERS 25oom KEY TO SOIL TYPES LABEL JC Tal�fx NO. ABBREV. NAME SUITAB1LITV 3 BH BEACH-FOREbUNE ASSOC. VERY SEVERE 18 CH CARTERET SOILS, HIGH VERY SEVERE 8 CL CARTEM, SOILS, LOW VERY SEVERE T CO COROLLA FINE SAND SEVERE 10 Cu COROLLA URBAN LAND COMPLEX SEVERE 12 OU DUCKSTON FINE SAND SEVERE 13 FR FRi PP' FI ME, SAND SLIGHT 22 NC NEWHAN - COROLLA COMPLEX SLIGHT 10 -ND NEWHAN'-SAND DREDGED PHASE VERY SEVERE 24 NE NEWHAN-URBAN LAND COMPLEX SLIGHT i 2591000 25050" 25sts000 2U?000 NOTES THIS MAP I$ BASED ON INFORMATION FROM THE SOIL SURVEY 0� THE RVIER :BANKS. JaORTH CAROLINA.. 1977, .PRODUCED BY. THE USDA SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE IN COOPERATION WITH NORTH CAROLINA'S DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL,RESOURCES A110'.COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT. LABEL NUMBERS CORRESPOND TO MAP SYMBOLS, ON THAT -SURVEY. WILMINGTON, N.C. 2874 350000 s4sm 34mo 1Mf000 2800000 2602000 00 2606000 MAP 3. 1 .2.1 , PART 6 GENERAL SOILS MAP TOWN OF EMERALD ISLE N. C.- EMERALD ISLE LAND USE PLAN UPDATE 1986 LAND RESOURCES INFORMATION SERVICE C NC DEPT OF N'R&CD —J 919/733-2090 SCALE 1: 15840 1 INCH = 1320 FT 11 17 1982 EMERAL. SOIL. B. P1 OR I G SCALE 1: 24000 NORTH HENRY VON OESEN B ASSOCIATES I li . 4 a `3 BOGIE SOUND �c CL CQ j *. NE - 4 i f LABEL ATLANTIC.-. OCEAN NO. 3 -KtY TO $01L TYPES SEPTIC TANK ABBREV. NAME SUITABILITY SH BEACH-FOREOUN,E ASSOC. VERY SEVERE ` fi I8 6 7 F CH CARTEItET (LS, HIGH VEJW `SEVERE ., CL CARTERET SOILS, LOW VERY SEVERE CO COROLLA -FINE SAND -SEVERE ~' 10 CU COROLLA URBAN LAND COMPLEk SEVERE 12 DU DUCK'STON FINE SAND SEVERE Is FR FRIPP FINE SAND 311.4"T � 22 NC NEWHAN-'COROLLA'COMIPLE'X SLI BHT 10 ND. NEWNAN SAND DREDGED, PHASE VERY ;E VERE 24 NE., NEWHAN-IMBAN LAND COMPLEX •SLIQI4Y `L 1 w - -' A t 2612000 261woo, 2616000 261600o 2620000 + 2622060 i 26 ON 211"m 2626000 � i NOTE i THIS MAP IS BASED ON INFORMATION FROM THE SML SURVEY Of I THE OUTER BANKS, NORTH CA.ROLINA, `19770 PROb"10 OY-:THE . USDA SOIL CONSERVATION- SERVICE IN COOPEIlATIQN`'VI L1TH , RO RtH. CAROLINAS DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL 09SOVROES AND, .CIi.IA&tuNtTY DEVELOPME Nt LABEL NUMBERS COR111,63poNiffo MAP SYMBOLS ON a THAT SURVEY. 4 = • { n i 3.•, CONSULTING ENGINEERS & PLANNERS WILMINGTON, N.C. -� 2874 :: n ITABLE 3.1.2.1 ESTIMATED SOILS PROPERTIES S3GNIFICANT M EN33NEMUM MAP SYMBOL, DEPTH TO SEASONAL LAND TYPES H3GH WATER TABLE FLOODIlG PERMEABILITY - #1 Beach, occa- sionally flooded 1.0 to 3.0' Frequent (monthly) Rapid 6.3"Ar. #2 Leon fine 0 to 3.01- Sane surface pondinQ Rapid, 6.3" hr. #3 Beach- Beach - 0 to Frequent Rapid 6.3" hr. Foredune 3.0' Association Foredunes 6.01 Rare #4 Bohicket soils, law 0 to 3.01 Frequent (daily) Slaw 0.067/hr. t #5 Tidal Flats 0 to 3.0' _ Frequent (monthlv) ` Rapid 6.3"Ar. 11 #6 CaLteret 0 to 3.0' Frequent (daily) Rapid 6.V/hr. soils. low #7 Corolla 1.5 to 3.01 Rare to Ccumn Very rapid fine sand Storm Tides 20"Ar. #8 Corolla fine Rare High Very rapid #9 Corolla -Duck- Rare to Camnon Very rap* r3 stone Cm4ex 1.0 to 3.0' Storm Tides' 20"%hr #10 Dredge Spoil 3.01 Rare Storm Tides Rapid 6.3"ar. #11 Hobonny Moderate 0.63 e..; l e. A L.— q A 1 L7............i. /......LLI..\ L_ n A" A__"' . #12 Duckstone fine sand 1.0 to 2.01 Rare to Canmon Storm Tides Very 20 "Ar rapid . #13 Duckstone fine sand, Rare to .Cannon Very rapid forested 1.0 to 2.01 Storm Tides 20"Ar. Very rap�,q #15 Fripp fine sand 6.01 Rare Storm Tides Rapid 6 3"/hr Table 3.1.2.1, Continued Estimated Soils Properties Significant to Engineering MAP SYMBOL, DEPTH TO SEASONAL LAND TYPES HIGH WATER TABLE FLOODING • • PERMEABILITY ' #16 Lew soils 0 to 2.0' Frequent (monthly) Slow 0.06-2.0"Ar. #17 Madeland 3.0' Rare Storm Tides Rapid 6.3"Ar. #18 Carteret soils, high 1.0 to 3.0' Frequent (monthly) Rapid 6.3"Ar. #19 Carteret 0 to 3.0' Frequent (monthly) Rapid 6.3"/hr. soils #20 Currituck 0 to 3.0' Frequent (monthly) Rapid 6.3"/hr. soils #21 Newhan fine 6.0' None Very rapid sand 20"Ar. #22 Newhan- Corolla Complex — See ratings for individual soil — #23 Duneland- Newhan Complex — See ratings for individual soil — #24 Newhan Urban Land Complex — See ratings for individual soil — #25 Wando fine 6.0' None Very rapid ' sand 20"Ar. #26 Conaby soils 0 to 1.0' Surface ponding Rapid 6.3"Ar. #27 Echaw fine 2.5 to 5.0' None Rapid'6.3"/hr. sand #28 Kureb fine 6.0' None Rapid 6.3"/hr. sand #29 Currituck 0 to 2.0' Frequent (monthly) Rapid 6.3"/hr. soils, high #30 Bohicket 0 to 3.0' Frequent (daily) Slow 0.06"/hr. soils, high 1 ITable 3.1.2.1, Continued DEGREE AMID KIND OF LIMITATION FOR STATED USE MAP SYMBOL► SEPTIC TANK LAND TYPES DWELLIMS STREETS & ROADS FILTER FIELD #1 Beach, occa- Very severe/ Very severe/ Very severe/ sionally flooded flooding flooding flooding #2 Leon fine Severe/high Severe/high Very severe/ sand water table water table high water table #3 Beach- Very severe/ Very severe/ Very severe Foredune Association flooding flooding flooding #4 Bohicket Very severe/ Very severe/ Very severe/ soils, low flooding wet flooding wet flooding wet Very severe/ Very severe/ Very severe/ #5 Tidal Flats flooding wet/ flooding wet/ flooding/wet #6 Carteret Very severe/ Very severe/ Very severe/ soils, low flooding/wet flooding/wet flooding/wet #7 Corolla fine sand Severe/wet Severe/wet Severe/wetl #8 fine Corolla sand. forested Severe/wet Severe/wet Severe/wetl #9 Corolla -Duck- stone Complex Severe wet Severe/wet Severe/wet 1 ' #10 Dredge Spoil Severe Severe Severel #11 Hobonny Very severe/ Very severe/ Very severe/ soils flooding/wet flooding/wet flooding -wet #12 Duckstone fine sand Severe/wet Severe/wet Severe-wetl #13 Duckstone fine sand, forested Severe/wet Severe/wet Severe/wetl #14 Duneland Severe/unstable Severe/steep Severe/unstable due to blowing slope, blowing due to blowing sand sand sand #15 Fripp fine sand Severe floods Moderate floods Sliahtl Table 3.1.2.1, Continued Degree and Kind of Limitation for Stated Use MAP SYMBOL, SEF.PIC TANK LAND TYPES DWELLIMS STREETS & ROADS FILTER FIELD ' Very severe/ Very severe/ Very severe/ #16 Levy soils floods/wet floods/wet floods wet #17 Madeland. Severe Severe Severel #18 Carteret Very severe/ Very severe/ Very severe/ soils, high flooding/wet flooding/wet flooding wet #19 Carteret Very severe/ Very severe/ Very severe/ soils flooding/wet flooding/wet flooding/wet #20 Currituck Very severe/ Very severe/ Very severe/ soils flooding/wet flooding/wet flooding/wet #21 Newhan fine sand Slight Slight Slightl #22 Newhan- Corolla Complex — See ratings for individual soil — ' #23 Duneland- Newhan Complex -- See ratings for individual soil — ' #24 Newhan Urban Land Complex — See ratings for individual soil — #25 Wando fine sand Slight Slight Slightl #26 Conaby soils Very severe/ Very severe/ Very severe/ floods/wet floods/wet floods/wet #27 Echaw fine Moderate/wetness Moderate/wetness Severe/wetnessl ' sand blowing sand ' #28 Kureb fine sand Slight Slight Slightl #29 Currituck Very severe/ Very severe/ Very severe/ ' soils, high floods/wet floods/wet floods/wet #30 Bohicket Very severe/ Very severe/ Very severe/ soils, high floods/wet floods/wet floods/wet lThe sandy soils are highly previous with questionable filtering capacities. Thus,. -contamination of groundwater is possible. Maw ��UE INLET MAP 3.1.2.2, PART A SEPTIC TANK LIMITATIONS TOWN OF EMERALD ISLE, N.C. EMERALD ISLE LAND USE PLAN UPDATE 1986 LAND RESOURCES INFORMATION SERVICE NC DEPT OF NMLCD -J 919/733-2090 SCALE 1: 15840 1 INCH 1320 FT 11 17 1982 EMERAL. SEP. A. P2 ORIG SCALE 11 24000 NORTH HENRY VON OESEN & ASSOCIATES SEYERE VERY SEVERE FRESH WATER ATLANTIC OCEAN In nna 3 piing CONSULTING ENGINEERS 8 PLANNERS i r r r - Am .. s. F5 h� � � 4 `� kk a s� �E. w; b r+r _ d J No. WILMINGTON, N.C. 2874 35mo 349m 142000 s4ow M A P 3.1.2.2, PART B SEPTIC TANK LIMITATIONS TOWN OF EMERALD ISLE. N.C. EMERALD ISLE LAND USE PLAN UPDATE 1986 LAND RESOURCES cn INFORMATION SERVICE NC DEPT OF NRACO —J 919/733-2090 SCALE It 15840 I INCH 1320 FT It 17 1982 EMERAL. SEP. B. P2 ORIG SCALE 1: 24000 NORTH_ HENRY VON OESEN S ASSOCIATES BOGUE SOUND ATLANTIC OCEAN mo zts0000 2612000 26140M 2t1600o 2Q1ato0 200000 SEVERE VERY SEVERE FRESH WATER CONSULTING ENGINEERS 9 PLANNERS F1 1 Soils. These areas' are not easily drained and filled, and consequently, would require extensive modifications to be classed as suitable for ground absorption systems.- The linearity of, or "barrier" created by these unsatisfactory soil patterns could represent potential pollution problems by septic tank systems in adjacent areas classed "satisfactory" by concentrating or trapping the effluent migration from these systems in those low lying, unsatisfactory soil areas. A system of sewer lines to a central system "bridging" these unsatisfactory soils areas could adequately service all of the properties in the area regardless of soils classification. It should be clearly indicated that the scale of Map 3.1.2.2 precludes the display of all of the actual interdunal troughs at Emerald Isle. The map is a useful general guide for broad planning purposes. However, it is not suitable for detailed planning of individual tracts of land. Suitability of a specific site must be determined by an on site survey by a soils specialist. Even areas displayed as suitable on this map may contain zones which are actually unsuitable. ' 3.1.3 Water Supply The Bogue Banks Water and Sewer Corporation (BBWSC) with ' offices .adjacent to Town Hall provides water to the Town of Emerald Isle, as well as, to the Town of Indian Beach and to the ' unincorporated village of Salterpath. The system is described in ' detail in Section 3.4.1 following. 3-5 3.1.4 Wastewater Disposal ' At the present time, wastewater treatment and disposal for single family homes at Emerald Isle is accommodated by means of ' conventional septic tanks and gravity fed drain fields. Some problems with existing septic tanks have been identified by the Environmental Health Section of the Carteret County Health ' Department (see letter, Appendix B). The wastewater from the multiunit condominium developments is treated by package , wastewater treatment facilities and is disposed of by subsurface drain fields by or means of rotary distributors. Preliminary planning for the development of a central sewer system for Emerald Isle was conducted under the EPA Construction Grants Program and was included in the very detailed report entitled, "Swansboro Area 201 Facility Plan", November, 1977 (Revised). The 201 facilities planning area included the Town of Swansboro.in eastern Onslow County and the western segment of ' Carteret County including the communities 'of Cape Carteret, Emerald Isle, Indian Beach and Salterpath. ' Under the 201 Facilities Planning program, several regional and subregional plans were formulated and evaluated. The ' selected facility plan for the Carteret County segment of the , planning area called for the construction of two separate facilities, one to serve the Town of Cape Carteret on the ' mainland and one to serve West Bogue Banks including the communities of Emerald Isle, Indian Beach and Salterpath. ' However, the plan called for the continued use of individual ' 3-6 privately owned -septic tanks and small aerobic treatment systems until such time that. a publicly owned central sewer system became economically feasible to construct. It was recommended that the plan be re-examined by local governmental officials and citizens on a regular basis to determine when it would be economically feasible to implement. The rationale of approach for this was that when it becomes economically feasible to build wastewater treatment facilities for West Carteret County, the local governments including Emerald Isle would have a mechanism in the form of the 201 Plan to pursue the project. The plan as written calls for the treatment facility to be constructed on a 10 acre site at Emerald Isle in the vicinity of the Cameron Langestone Bridge. (However, the plant could be ' constructed in any area strategically located to the area it is to serve). Under the Plan, the recommended treatment facility ' would have an initial design capacity of 1.3 NOD and would employ the oxidation ditch modification of the extended aeration - activated sludge process. Treated and disinfected effluent would be pumped to the beach margin via a force main for discharge to ' the Atlantic Ocean by an outfall and diffuser system of suitable length. The Plan called for the accomplishment of a marine site survey for the ocean outfall prior to final design of the ' pipeline. Sludge generated during the treatment process would be aerobically digested and dewatered on sandbeds. Ultimate ' disposal of dried sludge would be in a sanitary landfill. 1 1 3-7 Associated with the plan for West Bogue Banks including Emerald Isle was the construction -of an interceptor sewer system and ancillary collector sewers to serve the individual communities participating in the plan. These systems would be constructed with the treatment works. Table 3.1.4.1 summarizes the cost (in 1977 dollars) associated with the systems as they were proposed in the 201 Plan. The current status of the 201 Plan is that it has received both State (NCDEM) and EPA approval. However, the availability of federal funds for the implementation of the plan is uncertain due to recent reductions in appropriations for the Construction Grants Program. Therefore, in view of these recent developments, it appears unlikely that federal monies will be available to fund a central sewer system for Emerald Isle in the near future under the current policies and programs of the USEPA. Despite the unfavorable federal funding picture at this time, the 201 Plan still provides a good basic framework for the development of a central sewer system for Emerald Isle. Its thorough analysis of regional system alternatives still retains its validity. The selected site area for the treatment facility is still appropriate as is the treatment plant process scheme (oxidation ditch) . The proposed method of effluent disposal by means of an ocean outfall is still technically valid. On the other hand, other aspects such as service areas and costs need updating to conform to existing conditions. Ultimate effluent and waste sludge disposal methods need to be reevaluated in the light of current budgetary constraints and new environmental agency requirements. 3-8 TABLE 3.1.4.1 COST DATA CENTRAL SEWER SYSTEM FOR EMERALD ISLE-'/ Item/Description Capital Cost 1. Secondary Wastewater treatment facility, 1.56 MD. with ocean outfall. $2,938,000 2. Phase I wastewater colle t'on system for Town of Emerald Isle 2,860,953 3. Interceptor system. 2,319,972 TOTAL COST (1977 DOLLARS)3•/ $8,118,925 Notes: 1./ Based on Swansboro Area 201 Facility Plan (1977). 2.1 Based on gravity sewer system. 3. Caution should be exercised in the use of these cost figures as they are based on 1977 dollars and a specific system layout that is subject to change to accommodate present conditions. After the 201 Facility Plan was completed, development trends at Emerald Isle altered in favor of increased multifamily unit (condominium) projects. In response to citizen concerns, the ' Town Board of Commissioners declared a moratorium on multiunit projects on May 12, 1981. This moratorium was subsequently ' lifted on September 8, 1981 following a decision to limit multiunit density from 13.5 units per acre to 10 units per acre. ' Subsequent to that action, several very large multiunit ' condominium projects were permitted and constructed which stimulated additional concerns related to wastewater disposal, water supply, fire protection, etc. As a result, on June 8, 1982 the Town Board imposed a second 90-day moratorium on multifamily ' housing projects in order to study and define the problems. This second moratorium was subsequently lifted on September 8, 1982 following the action to institute further studies of the relationship of development densities to wastewater disposal practices. ' The results of the additional studies were codified in the report entitled, "Relationship of Wastewater Disposal Practices ' on Development Density of Emerald Isle, North Carolina" prepared by Henry von Oesen and Associates, Inc., and published in ' 1./ January, 1983. The basic findings and conclusions of the study are outlined below: a Pressures for the development of Emerald Isle will continue, and possible accelerate in the future. A high l./ This study was funded in part the NC Division of Coastal b y Management. 3-9 percentage of this development in the near future is expected to be medium to high density in the form of condominium and/or multifamily type units. • Present wastewater (sewage) disposal practices are confined to septic tanks (in the case of individual lot develop- ments) and to small, individual "package" wastewater treatment plants (for. multiunit housing projects and campgrounds). • A general analysis of existing soils on Emerald Isle indicate many areas' contain soils that are adaptable to septic tank use; however, in other areas soils are not conducive to this practice. Often these soils are interconnected by the system of dune ridges and swales that complicate the "acceptable area" use problem. Most of these longitudinal bands of unsuitable soils are located in the western sector of the Town and within the large tracts zoned for multifamily use. • Septic tanks will probably continue to be used in some areas for years to come. Package treatment plants employing ground discharge of effluent will proliferate unless a central wastewater treatment plant is constructed. The combination of ground discharge of sewage wastes from these two sources could indicate that some contamination of the groundwater aquifer at Emerald Isle is already occurring. Also, close proximity of these systems to estuarine waters could represent a real pollution threat to those fragile areas. 3-10 1 ' • Based on existing zoning regulations and development trends (existing in 1982/83) a total buildout of all available ' lots at Emerald Isle could result in a peak seasonal population of 68,250 persons. Assuming a wastewater loading of 70 gallons per capita per day, a peak seasonal ' sewage flow could -amount to almost 5 MGD (4.78 MGD). Without the benefit of a central sewer system, this flow will represent a significant impact on the environment.. ' • A rezoning of some 1,400 acres of vacant land at Emerald Isle zoned for multifamily use to single family or duplex ' uses could effectively reduce the total peak seasonal population that can be accommodated. It would also reduce the total sewage loading to about 3 MGD (2.79 NOD) at total buildout. However, this potential action will not ' foreclose the ultimate need for a central sewer system. In fact, it may accelerate such a need due to the further proliferation of septic tanks for wastewater disposal. • A survey of existing and proposed package wastewater treatment facilities serving multiunit housing projects at Emerald Isle revealed that there were (in 1982/83) six (6) ' such facilities ranging in capacity from 26,500 GPD to 75,000 GPD. These facilities had a combined total capacity ' of about 3001000 GPD (1982/83 data). • Recent studies conducted by investigators from NC State ' indicate that the University Department of Soil Science location of the groundwater table is the most important ' 3-11 factor affecting the movement and treatment of septic tank effluents. Contamination of the groundwater around the septic tank was generally confined to within 25 feet of the systems, but more widespread movement was noted in several continuously saturated cases. Therefore, the greater the density of septic tanks per given area of saturated soils, the greater the possibility of pollution of the groundwater aquifer from multiple septic tank systems. • Studies conducted by the NC Division of Environmental Management revealed that coastal watersheds with estimated densities greater than one septic tank drainfield per four (4) acres were contaminated by bacteria and closed to shellfishing.' Contamination of estuarine waters can be expected when dense development using septic tanks occurs on unsuitable soils adjacent to such waters. • The so called "alternative" septic tank disposal systems namely, low pressure distribution systems and mound systems do not appear to lend themselves for general use at Emerald Isle because of increased land (space) requirements and the relatively small building lot sizes existing in the community. In general, minimum lot sizes for low pressure distribution and mound system are one acre and 0.75 acre, respectively. • Package wastewater treatment facilities can achieve high levels of removal of pollutants, if they are properly operated and maintained. However, their documented record 3-12 of performance in the past has been traditionally less than satisfactory due to a lack of adequate operation and ' maintenance. • In order to prevent undue harm to the environment from continued growth and development, the Town of Emerald Isle will ultimately need a central sewer system. • The provision of a central sewer system will permit development densities greater than those permitted under existing zoning regulations should this be desired. However, strong zoning regulations and proper phasing of the wastewater collection, treatment and disposal (sewer) system should control any growth stimulating effects of the system, while at'the same time protecting the environment that makes Emerald Isle such a desirable place to live. The study report recommended that the Town should begin planning for a central sewer system including the early acquisition of a treatment facility site so as to foreclose the possibility that such a site would be developed for other uses. The report also recommended that permissible development densities be reduced to 8 units per acre to reduce the impacts of development on the environment until such time that a central sewer system becomes on operational reality. . Furthermore, the study report indicated that once a central sewer system became a reality, the Town could consider increasing .permissible densities 15 developers upwards again (up to units per acre) provided that would be willing to offset such localized concentrations of development by dedication of additional greenspace. 3-13 i In -implementing these recommendations, the Town subsequently amended the zoning ordinance reducing the maximum• permissible density down to 8' units per acre where, as of this writing, it stands today. Since the above noted study was completed, Carteret County contracted with an engineering consulting firm to develop a I./ feasibility study for a countywide sewer system. The Boque Banks area including Emerald Isle was excluded from the study and no cost for water and sewer system for this area were presented in the report. However, this study recommends that the County establish a "bond fund pool" from which municipalities could draw to build water and sewer systems. The municipalities would then pay the County back from user fees paid by users of the system. A Countywide bond referendum for the program has been scheduled for February 24, 1987. The town of Emerald Isle supports the County in its efforts to establish this funding program and plans to work with the County in developing the countywide system including facilities for Emerald Isle should such prove feasible. 3.1.5 Slopes Other than the sides of sand dunes, the Town of Emerald Isle has no steep slopes to limit development. 3.2 Fragile Areas (Areas of Environmental Concern) A key element within the Coastal Area Management Act is the identification of fragile areas and designation of these areas as 1. McDavid Associates, Inc. June 1986. Countywide Water and Sewer Report, Carteret County. 3-14 ' Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC). Of the AEC identified in the Coastal Resources regulations, Emerald Isle has seven. These areas are listed in Table 3.2.1 and the locations are depicted on the zoning map (Map 2.2.1) . Each of the above Areas of Environmental Concern are discussed in detail within this section. Appropriate land uses are also listed for each. None of. the following AEC areas are located within the Town. Public Water Supply Categories Fragile Coastal Natural and Cultural Resources Categories 3.2.1 High Hazard Flood Area - Area of Environmental Concern This is the area subject to high velocity waters (including, but not limited to, hurricane wave wash) in a storm having a one percent change of being equaled or exceed in any given year, and is identified as Zone V, on the flood insurance rate maps of the Federal Insurance Administration, US Department of Housing and Urban Development. The Town has adopted a flood ordinance consistent with the standards of the requirements of the Federal ' Insurance Administration. Development consistent with this flood ordinance is consistent with the standards of this AEC (see Section 2.2.3 for details). 3.2.2 Inlet Hazard Area - Area of Environmental Concern The inlet hazard areas are those lands identified by the State geologist to have a substantial possibility of excessive erosion that are located adjacent to inlets. This area shall extend landward from the mean low water line a distance sufficient to encompass that area within which the inlet will, based on istatistical analysis, migrate, and shall consider such factors as 3-15 TABLE 3.2.1 TOWN OF EMERALD ISLE AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN LAEC Mapping Symbol Coastal Wetlands CW Estuarine Waters EW Estuarine Shorelines ES Public Trust Areas PTA Ocean Erodible Areas OEA High Hazard Flood Area HFA Inlet Hazard Areas IHA L I ` previous inlet territory, structurally weak -areas near the inlet (such as an unusually narrow barrier island, an unusually long channel feeding the inlet, or an overwash area) , and external Linfluences such as jetties and channelization. These areas are identified as recommended inlet hazard areas in•the report to the CRC entitled Inlet Hazard Area, by Loie J. Priddy and Rick Carraway (September, 1978) . In all cases, this area shall be an extension of the adjacent ocean erodible area and in no case ■ shall the width of the inlet hazard area be less than the width of the adjacent ocean erodible area. Bogue Inlet is one of the State's inlets which is within this category. As indicated in the Inlet Hazard Area report, it had migrated to the east farther than at any time in recent history necessitating the relocation of some structures. Since that time, however, the inlet has shifted westward and is now located approximately 800 feet west of its location as described in the September, 1978 report. Appropriate uses in the Bogue Inlet AEC are open space recreation uses. The Town will continue to issue building permits for those lots which were plotted prior passage of the North Carolina Coastal Management Act located within the Bogue Inlet AEC. 3.2.3 Coastal Wetlands - Area of Environmental Concern The Town of Emerald Isle has extensive wetland areas. A large portion of the Town's sound frontage is lined with low tidal marshland. Because of the map scale used in this plan, the smaller marshlands are shown and identified as conservation areas. The dominant plant species within the area are Salt Water 3-16 Cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) , Black Needlerush (Juncus roemerianus), Glasswort (Salicornia, spp. ), Salt Grass (Distichlis spicata) , Sea Lavender (Limonium, spp.) , * Salt Meadow Grass (Spartina patens), and Salt Reed Grass (Spartina cynosuroides). These low tidal marshlands serve as a critical component in the coastal ecosystem. The marsh is the basis for the high net yield system of the estuary through the production of organic detritus (partially decomposed plant material) which is the primary input source for the food chain of the entire estuarine system. Estuarine dependent species of fish and shellfish, such as menhaden, shrimp, flounder, oysters and crabs currently make up over 90 percent of the total value of North Carolina's commercial catch. In addition, the roots and rhizomes of the Spartina alterniflora serve as food for waterfowl and the stems as wildlife nesting material. Low tidal marsh also serves as the first line of defense in retarding shoreline erosion. The plant stems and.leaves tend to dissipate wave action while the vast network of roots resist soil erosion. Marshes of this type operate additionally as traps for sediment originating from upland runoff, thus reducing siltation of the estuarine bottoms and are a detriment to marine organisms. These marshes should be considered unsuitable for all development which will alter their natural functions. Inappropriate land uses include, but -are not limited to the following examples: restaurants and businesses; residences, apartments, motels, hotels, and trailer.parks; 3-17 parking lots and offices; spoil and dump sites; wastewater lagoons; public and private roads and highways; and factories. Examples of acceptable land uses may include utility easements, fishing piers, docks, certain agricultural uses, except when excavation or filling affecting estuarine or navigable waters is involved, and such uses which do not significantly alter the natural functions of the marsh. 3.2.4 Ocean Erodible Areas - Area of Environmental Concern Ocean erodible areas are' defined as the areas above mean high water where excessive erosion has a high probability of occurring. Ocean erodible areas are extremely dynamic lands highly susceptible to becoming completely displaced by water. The major objective is to limit unnecessary hazards to life or property and to maintain reasonable requirements for public expenditures to protect property or maintain safe conditions. The southern side of Emerald Isle is lined with ocean beaches and shorelines. This eleven mile strip is without vegetation and consists of unconsolidated soil material that extends landward from the mean low tide to a point where any one or combination of the following occur: (1) vegetation, or (2) a distinct change in predominant soil particle size, or (3) a change in slope or elevation which alters the physiographic land form. Sand deposits of ocean beaches and shorelines represent a dynamic zone which does not afford long term protection for development.- The nature of tidal action and the force of storms is such that they cause the beach areas to constantly shift. Littoral drift is a natural phenomenon whereby sand is removed 3-18 from beaches by wave action and littoral currents and is deposited upon a different stretch of the beach. The action also shifts the line of high tide and low tide. Ocean beaches and shorelines are valuable for public and private recreation and are located within a natural hazard area. Development within this dynamic zone may result in loss of property and possible loss of life. This area must be preserved to the greatest extent feasible with opportunity to enjoy the physical, aesthetic, cultural and recreational qualities of the natural shorelines of the State. Appropriate development within the area must be that which will withstand the prevalent natural forces and not unreasonably interfere with the rightful use and enjoyment of the beach area. In addition to ocean beaches, frontal dunes are also a part of the Ocean Erodible Area. These dunes serve as a buffer between the sea during a storm and the development behind the dunes. Appropriate land uses within the frontal dune system include only those uses which will not cause damage to the frontal dune system. 3.2.5 Estuarine Waters - Area of Environmental Concern Bogue Sound is a part of the State's estuarine system. Estuaries are among the most productive natural environments of North Carolina. They not only support valuable commercial and sports fisheries, but are also utilized for commercial navigation, recreation, and aesthetic purposes. Species dependent upon estuaries such as menhaden, shrimp, flounder, oysters and crabs make up over 90 percent of the total value of North Carolina's commercial catch. These species must spend all 3-19 or some part of their life cycle in the estuary. The high level of commercial and sports fisheries and the aesthetic appeal of coastal North Carolina is dependent upon the protection and sustained quality of our estuarine areas. Appropriate uses within the area are those which preserve the estuarine waters so as to safeguard and perpetuate their. biological, economic and aesthetic values. Highest priority will be allocated to the conservation of estuarine waters. The development of navigational channels, the use of bulkheads to .prevent erosion, and the building of piers or wharfs where no other feasible alternative exists are examples of uses appropriate within estuarine waters, provided that such land uses will not be detrimental to the biological and physical estuarine functions and public trust rights. Projects which would directly or indirectly block or impair existing navigation channels, increase shoreline erosion, deposit spoils below mean high tide, cause adverse water circulation patterns, violate water quality standards, or cause degradation of shellfish waters are generally considered incompatible with the management of estuarine waters. 3.2.6 Estuarine Shoreline - Area of Environmental Concern Estuarine shorelines extend a distance of seventy-five feet landward of the mean high tide of Bogue Sound. This area is considered important because of its close association with the estuarine water system and because it provides a buffer between development and the estuarine waters. These areas are also subject to erosion, flooding and other adverse effects of wind and water. Appropriate developments in this area are the types 3-20 that will not weaken natural barriers to erosion'. This AEC was not included in the 1975 Emerald Isle CAMA Land Use Plan but was added in the 1981 update. The Coastal Resources Commission has adopted use standards for development along estuarine shorelines. (These standards apply within 75 feet of the mean high water line) . They ensure that shoreline development will not harm the natural functions of the estuarine system and will recognize the dynamic and hazardous nature of the shoreline itself. Any project along the estuarine shoreline that requires a CAMA permit must meet the following standards before a minor development permit or a major development permit can be issued. • Development shall not cause significant damage to estuarine resources. 9 Development shall not interfere with existing public rights of access to, or use of, navigable waters or public resources. • All development projects shall preserve and ,not weaken natural barriers to erosion. • No major facility paid for ,in any part by public funds shall be permitted if it is likely to require extraordinary public expenditures for maintenance and continued use, unless the -public purpose served by the project out weighs the required public expenditures. • Impervious surfaces shall not exceed 30 percent of the lot area located within the AEC, unless such a limitation will allow no practical use to be made of the lot or the applicant can prove the project's design can protect 3-21 natural drainage as well as the 30 percent coverage limit. All development projects shall limit the construction of impervious surfaces, and other areas prohibiting natural drainage, to only the area necessary to adequately serve the major use of the lot. • All development projects shall meet the standards of the N. C. Sedimentation Pollution Control Act of 1973. • Development shall not cause major or irreversible damage to valuable, documented historic architectural or archaeological resources. • The project must comply with the local land use plan. 3.2.7 Public Trust Waters - Area of Environmental Concern Bogue Sound and the Atlantic Ocean are also public trust waters. Included in the public trust waters definition are all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands thereunder from the mean high water mark to the seaward limit of state jurisdiction, all natural bodies of water subject to measurable lunar tides and lands thereunder to the mean high water mark, all navigable natural bodies of water and lands thereunder to the mean high water mark or ordinary high water mark as the case may be, except privately owned lakes to which the public has no right of access, all waters in artifically created bodies of water in which exists significant public fishing resources or other public resources, which. are accessible to the public by navigation from bodies of water in which the public has no rights of navigation, all waters in artifically created bodies of water in which the public has acquired rights by prescription, custom, usage, dedication or any other means. Included in public trust waters are areas such as 3-22 waterways and lands under or flowed by tidal waters or navigable waters, to which the State of North Carolina may be authorized to preserve, conserve, or protect under Article XIV, Section 5, of the North Carolina Constitution. Appropriate uses in the public trust waters include channels, drainage ditches, bulkheads, piers and other similar uses, provided these uses do not damage the biological environment or restrict public access. 3.2.8 Other AEC's Within the Town there are not any productive and unique agricultural lands potentially valuable mineral sites, public owned forest and privately owned wildlife sanctuaries. Fishing is available in Bogue Sound and the Atlantic Ocean. Non - intensive outdoor recreation lands are the public ocean beaches. 3.2.9 Complex or Fragile Natural Areas In early 1983, the Natural Heritage. Program completed a study of Carteret County, resulting in the identification and mapping of significant natural areas. Many of the areas identified lie within, or contain portions of, Areas of Environmental Concern. Yet some stand alone as complex or fragile natural areas deserving special attention. The following area in Emerald Isle was considered to have a medium level regional and statewide priority significance by the Natural Heritage Program. The location of this site is indicated on a map found in Appendix C and on Map 5.1.3.1 and has been identified as the Emerald Isle Woods. The unusual significant feature of the area is that the high relic dunes are forested with a mature maritime forest. The large dunes form a protective 3-23 barrier which allows for the colonization of many plant species which results in a more stabilized barrier island. Due to this protection, the forest provides a habitat for plants and animals that normally cannot survive in such close proximity to the ocean. Interspersed in the swales between the relic dunes are numerous small freshwater ponds. The total area consists of some 500 acres of which 200 acres are located north of the Coast Guard Road and most worthy of some form of protection. -The text of .the f ull report on the Emerald Isle Woods as prepared by the Natural Heritage Program is found in Appendix C. 3.2.10 Scenic Vistas On Bogue Sound east of the Emerald Isle Fishing Pier, there is an area shown on Map 5.3.6.1 which provides a scenic vista worthy of special attention. It is reported that on some days in late summer and fall, southward -migrating hawks and swallows are funneled through a small'area. On days with northerly winds, the birds fly just over the north slope of the dune ridge along a predictable path. This site is a small-scale example of a nationally famous hawk -watching site in Pennsylvania called Hawk Mountain. The waters of Bogue Sound directly off shore of this site are favorite trout -fishing waters. Consideration is being given by Emerald Isle towards preserving this area as a community park (see Section 5.3.6 following). 3.2.11 Archaeological and Historic Sites There are no known archaeological historic sites or registered M sites within the Town limits of Emerald Isle. However, there are two (2) known graveyards in Town with tombstones dating back to 1 3-24 the turn of the century. The two sites are called Salter's Graveyard and Bell Cove Old Settlement and Graveyard which are identified on Map 3.2.11.1. Should a site of archaeological significance be discovered which would warrant protection, it is the policy of the Town of Emerald Isle to assist in affording such. 3.3 Areas With Resource Potential The waters of Bogue Sound, Bogue Inlet and the Atlantic Ocean which border on Emerald Isle are areas with tremendous fisheries resource potential. That potential is currently being exploited by recreational, sports and commercial fishermen who operate under the purview of the NC Division of Marine Fisheries. The preservation of this resource potential is closely tied to the preservation of good water quality (see Section 5.1.6 for a thorough addressment of this issue). There are no other areas with resource potential, at Emerald Isle. 3.4 Design Capacity and Level of Utilization of Existing Community Facilities and Analysis of Capacity to Supply Existing and Future Demands 3.4.1 Water Supply System The Bogue Banks Water and Sewer Corporation (BBWSC) provides water •to the Town of Emerald Isle. The system consists of a distribution system with 2,838 users (meters) along with five (5) wells, two (2) 60,000 gallon elevated tanks, and two (2) ground storage reservoirs, one of 300,000 and one of 500,000 gallons 3-25 SITE OF SALTER 'S GRAVEYARD X Chapel ^by' -% ROGUE SOUND SITE OF BELL COVE OLD SETTLEMENT AND GRAVEYARD ATLANTIC OCEAN ATLANTIC OCEAN MAP 3.2.11.1 SITES OF GRAVEYARDS TOWN OF EMERALD ISLE, N.C. 1986 LAND USE PLAN UPDATE APPROX. SCALE: I"= 1100' HENRY 'VON OESEN a ASSOCIATES CONSULTING ENGINEERS a PLANNERS WILMINGTON, N.C. 2874 capacity. The locations of the wells, elevated tanks and reservoirs are shown on Map 3.4.1. The wells supply water from the river bend formation. Water use records kept by the BBWSC for the Emerald Isle, Indian Beach and Salterpath service area indicate an average daily demand 642,769 gpd with the peak usage occurring during the months of May through September. Table 3.4.1 shows the service area water demand by month for a one year period extending from June, 1985 to May, 1986. The seasonality of the demand is evident in the data. All indications are that it be to the current system is adequate and that can expanded meet future demands in concert with the land use plan. The BBWSC is in the process of arranging an interconnection with the water system operated by Carolina Water Company in Pine Knoll Shores which will help Emerald Isle and Pine Knoll Shores in the event (e.g. large fire). of an emergency a There is a potential problem associated with the acquisition of additional well sites. Due to high land values at Emerald Isle, the BBWSC has had difficulty in purchasing well sites at reasonable costs. To help alleviate this problem, the Town has offered to condemn well sites and sell them back to BBWSC at cost. Nevertheless, future well site locations need to be identified and efforts made to acquire same for future use before land costs become prohibitive. As of this writing, the BBWSC is in the process of identifying two (2) new well sites. 3.4.2 Wastewater Treatment and Disposal See Section 3.1.4 above for details. 3-26 0 N M L K I ,� I HG F E- D 7C g ATLANTIC OCEAN ` EMCRALpOR on.a .g �(� k k ; �'. e E s o s .�»IN�Ts a�ayi� a s ATLANTIC OCEAN TYItM � tMCk"A Isla k ie k C k }+ d:i ! $ $ s D. `f.t -2�.9 i ', + 'xl3lki:i ' k k ka . wk k W o . s . a . was �• 3 .a0s_<i d;G� 3 3 I 3,.!: # • J � ' OC[AN � ; . rFRpnwtl I OC AM 0R ♦ ) f rM,1 . M Y ; _ , Y r t1 _. t•O F IV.tiI 17TATIOe '� 1 , • s 6E 5 <�^ y , RMM ff. ! Q ' 1 ' y .. . , - LcwC tlA � 011. w n O 1 I GMlRALO oR.' � � $ .1�\ ; i - .. -. - - lw p oR. ����L.. aaVt r. ,�,_ _; i '- Aw •--�� �.� '�, IwA° nee 2V BOGU E SOUND MAR° os ; C CT f _ R3 C CMVE (w 300R0 t N t gOGUE SOUND O 2 • WELL SITE # f WELL SITE # 3I i -- 2 (350 GPM) .(250 GPM) E ALD ISLE H■ WELL SITE # 5 J■�:' (40D GPM) 60 . GALLON 300,000 GALLON ELEVATED WATER STORAGE TANK TANK WELL SITE # 2 WELL SITE # 4 (350 GPM) (400 GPM) 3 60,000 GALLON 500,000 GALLON 3 „ ELEVATED WATER TANK STORAGE TANK STREET. INDEX' CLACK SKIMWIt R0. - 3N CRAIG DR. 34 GREGG ST. _ K-t LEE AM _ G.A-z PARKINS St. - .-2 SEA MILL 00. - GA W. LANCING DR. - • IM GLOCR OR. F-2 LCSLI[ LN. K-I FAKON A0. J-/ SG OATS ST. r-1 M, S[AYI[W OR. - My LOGY[CT ■-1 DECK TRAIL - f4 MANOCOCK$1.: F-2 LIVE OAR ST. - 4-2 PERIWINKLE OR. M•I SMELL a: t-1 w. SUMMER CT. 1•1 AT $1. N IG•TM ST. � � •.. M-1 TOQUE 1RLCT OR. F I'm DEER NORM OIL 0-I MICRORT SC - 1.2 IOlWILT St - - r.2 Ft N11 OR. N./ SNORE RUSH OR. f.l W. waRRtN ►.2 "o Eft• p.l 1tM SL. W aOGtIC SOUND G1. J-1 pot OM D-1 MOLLY ST. - M1[ � LOMROCK DR. F•2 RVIIDIE M. O-1 SOUND OR. r-2 W ILLIAM ST. J.1 - _ bet . ON 2o-M ST .4 BoUS[ CT. tN RAMA WIT Ito. � 3.1 'MNART ST. K.I �' LOON on. . I.1 SOUND CT. - J 1 WINO TREE OR.° 0.4 _ MY11 A . 0.1 jl•ST St - M� DRIAN ST.-: Ji E LANCING DR. 1-1 -F-t NURST MD. 1.4 - RAL[IGM ST M-1 PELL OR. F-2 WI11Tt WAT[R OIL 1 -1 f-TNR 0-t 22.10 ST. L.1 WRLINGTONST. L•1 C. STAY I fw OR.' I/4ET CT -l-1 MALLARD OR.. E-I AM OR. [-I STATION ST. hl C1'iL1 tT. t/-1 f.SVMMER CTINLST f-1 MANGROVE OR. hI AMETT St K-1 STEWART AV. G-1 YAUPOM OIL C-/ . 7T1 sr. -' M•/ jA+M ST. - L-I CARNAL OR• G4J1.2 EOG TIDE OR. - M-1 ISL1N0 CT G•1 MC -CLEAN ST.. 1.1 RID°[ M0. G-2 SURF, VICM R0. 1-1 - 04" R � Ny 2o-M SL IN CAROLYN ST. J-1 EDAN SL � ' J•1 ISLANDER ON. � [-1 MELANIE ST.:. R-1 - RIM ST. ' f-1 G'SSI Et. N'1 - - CEDAR ST. F-2 EL12A°ETN SL J-t MILL[R ST. - i.1 R11 TIC[ CT. M•1 TAYMY SL K•1 I*-"aT N-/ AORCAR$1. N-1 CEDAR Stu IN. - J-/ EMERALD OIL M-4 MRU C-1 JACKSON AV. 6-1 MOTEL 011. t-1 ROa IN ST. K-I TORN TRAIL - G-1 - II TN fr. N-1 111MRS CREEK DR. _ •M LG.2 CMAMMEL ON. _ t-1 [1NQ OR. G•1 JAMES OR. ': G-1 MTML[ DR. I-1 TIWCR TRAIL "I - - , IaR31 fL N.I ARTNON OIL N-1 CLARK RD. -1.1 JOEL LK J-1 - LNOOUR ST. C.1 TRACT 0R.. 4-1 I1lN fr.. R-1 ASMVILLC ST-' L-1 COASTGUARD R0. Oy.ON FAIRFAK 00. J-t JONES ST. - r•2 MIMA 01. M.1 SAMOCASTLC DR. 0-1 - WINrr W OANTA[t Ro. 9-2 COACH CT. 0. FAIRVIEW RO.. J-1 - .... SANDPIPER LN. F-1 VIEW On. r-I.r-2 I OEM ST. My GAYGem"OR:. I-1 CONNIC ST.' - Ky 'AGM OR.. 0-1 KELLY LN. J•1 OCEAM OIL 1/•1 TIwY C•1 SANTA WAIA DR. M-1 • . .. 1S1iN aT - W fEA[N hfw LN.. 1-1 COQUINA OR. NN - OCEAN VIEW OR. F-1 SCOTCH GONNCt M-1 WASMINGTOM ST, N•t Ivan ET. My EUCM VKW R0. ' 1.4 CORAL Cf. 94 GEORGIA ST „• t-1 1 AWR[MC[ ST.' G�1 OLD FERRY R*. F-2 SEA OMIES DR. N•1 wA IT 04. J•1 LEGENO ANO POINTS OF INTEREST PAVED ROADS _►ROIOSfD MI.AC! �T weUC TELCrNow R0. ►l K[ OC/T.- ID, nIKiN[ ' AND L LIF: GUARD �.-�.•� ... ❑C CAMPING aM _wttSLIDE (Gay It I�Y U tM11I1CN� a- TENNIS C"rS 1-1 �T- FKNN; AREA C-1 ... - • WELL SITE CEM[TMY 0 .WATER TANK TABLE 3`04.1 WATER USE DATAl' EMERALD ISLE, INDIAN BEACH AND SALTERPATH BOGUE BANKS WATER AND SEWER CORPORATION Month (No. Day s/Month) 1985 June (30) ' July (31) August (31) September (30) October (31) November (30) December (31) 1986 January (31) February (28) March (31) April (30) May (31) One (1) Year Averages i 1 1 Monthly Water Use (Gallons) 30,914,370 31,879,740 36,564,970 25,892,950 16,456,200 14,618,520 8,618,980 8,916,010 8,373,620 7,306,848 16,078,572 29,675.410 19,608,016 Average Daily Usage (Gallons lr03O,473 1,028,379 1,179,515 863,098 530,845 487,284 278,032 287,613 299,058 235,705 535,952 957,271 642,769 Source: Bogue Banks Water and Sewer Corporation. 3.4.3 "Educational.Facilities and Services Basic public educational services are provided by the Carteret County School System. Emerald Isle grammar school students attend White Oak School at Cape Carteret, which has an enrollment (1985 data) of 705 students. The school's capacity is approximately 700 students. Emerald Isle high school age students attend West Carteret High School in Morehead City. Current (1985 data) enrollment at West Carteret is 1,561 students. West Carteret has a capacity of about 1,550 students. At present, due to a leveling off of school enrollment, the existing facilities are adequate to serve existing needs. However, this situation may change as growth occurs. Educational services beyond the public school level are provided by Carteret Technical College in Morehead City or other institutions of higher learning outside of the County. 3.4.4 Streets and Roads Because Emerald Isle does not have a transportation plan, little is known concerning the existing capacity of streets and roads in Emerald Isle. As indicated in Table 1.3.3, traffic counts by NCDOT indicate that during the peak summer use period NC 58 and Emerald Drive carry an average of 26,900 vehicles per day. It is reported that during peak use periods on weekends that traffic exiting Emerald Isle is often backed up to -east of the Town Hall. Local officials have informed NCDOT of this situation and of the need to study the problem so as to seek a solution. The four laning of Emerald Drive has been suggested as one means to alleviate congestion during peak periods. However, 1 3-27 the positive effects of this move may be offset by the restriction imposed by the two lane Cameron Langestone Bridge and vehicle movement through the traffic light at the NC 58 and NC 24 intersection at Cape Carteret. Thus, further study of this issue is warranted. 3.4.5 Police and Fire Protection The Emerald Isle Police Department is staffed with eleven officers including a police chief. The Police Department currently (November 1986) has use of eleven (11) vehicles. Staffing and equipment are currently meeting existing needs. The Police Department operates out of offices at Town Hall which are also of adequate size. The Emerald Isle Fire Department has one main fire station at Town Hall and a second auxiliary station. The main station is equipped with two (2) pumpers and one (1) ambulance. The auxiliary station is equipped with new pumper and a mini -pumper plus an ambulance. The Fire Department operates cooperatively with the volunteer rescue squad which also has an additional vehicle and a rescue boat available for use. At present this department is adequately staffed. However, the Fire Department has need for one additional vehicle, a ladder truck for fighting potential fires in high rise structures now making their appearance at Emerald Isle. 3-28 1 SECTION 4: ESTIMATED FUTURE DEMAND 4.1 Population Projections The population at Emerald Isle can be divided into three distinct groups, each with its own unique set of demands for services. These are permanent residents, summer (seasonal) residents, and day visitors. The number of permanent residents can be determined with reasonable accuracy by using census data. The peak seasonal (summer) residents can be determined, albeit less accurately, by a housing unit -count similar to the one conducted in April 1985 (see Section 1.3.1 and Table 1.3.2 above). Day visitor projections are statistically elusive. A long term traffic survey is necessary to determine the day visitor quotient. Thus, in the case of day visitors, only gross estimates can be made based on very limited data. Table 4.1.1 presents permanent population projections for Carteret County and Emerald Isle based on data supplied by the NC Department of Administration. A range of future permanent populations for Emerald Isle are shown based on whether the growth follows the cadence of County growth over the past ten year period or whether, on the other hand, the rate of growth follows the trend established over the past five (5) years at Emerald Isle. Given the difficulties inherent in' making population projections, logic dictates that the actual population should fall somewhere between the two extremes. Thus, by the year 1995 the permanent population at Emerald Isle should range between 2,042 to 5,435 persons. 4-1 TABLE 4.1.1 ESTIMATED FUTURE.PERMANENP POPULATIONS FOR CARTERET ODUNPY AND EMERALD ISLE Percent Percent Increase Increase 1980 1985 1990 1980-1990 1995 2000 1990-2000 Carter t County 41,0921• 48,1621• 53,25 1. 29.6 61,128 69,005 29.6 Town of IlIssrqlq 3• 86 1• 1,518L-J 1,779-2,664 30 4' 21042-5,435 2,305-8,205 29.6/308 Notes: 1. Based on data supplied by NC Department of Administration (see also Table 1.3.1). Future projections for County based on continuation of trend from 1980 to 1990. I.J Future projections for Town of Emerald isle based on range of County rate of growth to continuationof recent Town growth rate. Realistically actual population should fall somewhere between these two extremes. Represents two (2) times the rate of actual growth from 1980 to 1985. tTable 4.1.2 presents estimated peak seasonal population projections for Carteret County and the Town of Emerald Isle based on various data sources► as noted in the table. Peak seasonal populations are presented for Emerald Isle based on the continuation of the recent 5 year growth trend. Thus► by the year 1995 the peak seasonal population of the Town will be about 18.028 persons. This figure includes both permanent and seasonal residents but excludes those seasonal residents accommodated in campgrounds. As already noted day visitor projections are difficult to make. However► using the traffic count data presented in Table 1.3.3 above► some gross projections are presented in Table 4.1.3. The assumptions used to derive the projections are indicated in footnotes to the table. By the year 1995r the peak seasonal dailyvisitor population could be 18,109 persons which closely P P P Y ' matches the estimated total peak seasonal resident population. Thus► on a peak season day in 1995 there could be a projected total of 36►137 persons at Emerald Isle. 4.2 Foreseeable Economic and Social Change The economy of the Town of Emerald Isle will continue to focus on the tourist industry. Because of the recreational resources within the Town and the easy access from the mainland afforded by the Cameron Langestone Bridge, the tourist industry is expected to continue to prosper. Thus, it is projected that the character of the local economy will remain basically the same► albeit expanded so as to serve the increasing influx of new residents. 4-2 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TABLE 4.1.2 ESTIMATED FUTURE PEAR SEASONAL POPULATION FOR CARTERET COUNTY AND THE TOWN OF. EMERALD ISLE Area 1980 1985 UU-3-L IU52-L 2MI-1- Carteret County 74►0502—/ 97,5161--/ 120►981 144►446 167►9ll Town of Emerald Isle 8,5001—/ 11,6762--/ 14,852 181,028 21►204 Notes: 7. Source: Carteret County Land Use Plan, 1985. 2,1 Based on results of special census conducted in April, 1985. Peak seasonal population is based on occupancy level of 3.5 persons/dwelling unit and a total of 3,336 dwelling units assuming 100 percent occupancy of all dwellings. 3,./ Projections based on continuation of 5 year growth trends from 1980 to 1985. i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 TABLE 4.1.3 PEAK DAY VISITOR PROJECTIONS TOWN OF EMERALD ISLE, NORTH CAROLINA Year Description 1986 1993 1995 2000 A. Number of automobiles./ 7,940 9,200 9,560 10,460 B. Number of dual axlel•/ trucks and campers C. Total of a�1 passenger vehicles= D. Number of one way t5lys to West Bogue Banks= E. Number of vehicles ir� Isle g at Emerald sl=// F. Total estimatel number of day visitors=//. 18,200 21,000 21,800 23,800 26,140 30,200 31,360 34,260 13,070 15,100 15,680 17,130 4,313 4,983 5,174 5,653 15,096 17,441 18,109 19,786 Notes: l./ Source: NCDOT traffic counts (see Table 1.3.3). 2. One way trips to West Bogue Banks assumed to be one half total vehicle count. 3. Based on 33 percent of vehicles stopping at Emerald Isle. 4. Based on 3.5 persons/vehicle (see Table 1.3.4). both permanent and seasonal, as well as the increasing- number of day visitors. The future of the condominium market remains somewhat uncertain as of this writing due to pending changes in income tax laws which will affect investment potentials in such projects. The single family home market is enjoying a boom period due mainly to declining interest rates. Thus, the local real estate ' and construction industry will continue to prosper as this trend continues. A major consideration in the economic and social growth of ' Emerald Isle will be the ultimate installation of a municipal sewer system. Such a system will be needed in the future in ' order to protect the environment and the quality of life. 4.3 Local Objectives Concerning Growth and Development ' A key objective evident from public meetings and from the results of the citizen survey questionnaire (see Section 6.2) is the strong desire to maintain the character of the Town of ' Emerald Isle as a "family beach" rather than a "tourist mecca. This desire will continue to exercise strong influence on development patterns. However, it should be recognized that facilities to serve the day visitor population must also be iaccommodated within the multi -colored fabric of overall growth and development objectives. In some cases, it will be difficult to rationalize the respective desires of permanent residents versus day visitors. Permanent and seasonal residents want the 1 4-3 privacy and general uncrowded aura associated with the "family beach" atmosphere. However, day visitors need parking, food concessions and other facilities to serve their particular needs associated with brief visits to the beach. Such needs may conflict with those of permanent and seasonal residents. For example, many permanent residents do not want day visitor parking facilities adjacent to their properties due to the potential for noise, litter and public nuisance events such as impromptu car - trunk beer parties. However, good planning techniques such as careful site selection for parking facilities and the provision of privacy fencing or vegetative buffers around such facilities may serve to alleviate or mitigate conflicts. 4.4 Future Land Needs The population projections developed in Section 4.1 above and summarized in Table 4.1.2 reveal that the Town of Emerald Isle will have a peak seasonal population of approximately 18,000 persons by the year 1995. The Town currently has enough land zoned for residential purposes to support more than the expected number of people, based on current health requirements regarding space for septic tanks. (See Section 1.6.2 above). However, in order to protect the quality of life, the public health and water quality in Bogue Sound, consideration needs to be given to the future development of a a municipal sewer system to support the expected growth (see Section 4.5 below). 4.4.1 Industrial Space Requirements The Town does have land suitable for industrial use; but because of the current demand for recreational -residential land 4-4 ' on Bogue Banks and the fragile nature of the area, industrial uses seem inappropriate and should not be allowed. Neither the Land Use Plan for Emerald Isle .nor the Zoning Ordinance include ' land designated as industrial. 4.4.2. Commercial Space Requirements ' Although there are now 400 acres zoned for commercial use, only 79 acres (20 percent) are yet developed. The 400 acres zoned for commercial use is about twelve percent of the total land area, far in excess of the two to three percent normally considered adequate for commercial uses. Emerald Isle does not, however, represent a standard town. As Emerald Isle is a resort area, a higher percentage than normal for commercial areas appears appropriate. Even though the Town currently has two ' commercial areas, a third commercial area is developing near the bridge. These three areas should serve the Town's commercial needs. The ten year estimate of additional commercial acreage needed is shown in Table 4.4.1. The needs indicated can be met by acreage already zoned commercial but not yet developed as such. 4.4.3 Residential Space Requirements The Town has adequate land acreage to satisfy the space necessary for residential development for the population projection within this plan. The ten year estimate of additional residential acreage is shown in Table 4.4.1. ' 4.5 Future Facilities Demand ' Necessary future community facilities are based upon the number of people expected to be in an area during a certain 4-5 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TABLE 4.4.1 FUTURE ACREAGE NEEDSI• TOWN OF EMERALD ISLE, NORTH CAROLINA Additional Comgle;cial Additional Res d ntial Year Acreage NeededL•/ Acreage Neede• 1990 32 113 1995 64 226 2000 96 339 Notes: 3./ Acreage needs shown represent the amount of additional land that will be needed beyond that which is already developed for the respective land use category indicated. Acreage needs shown are cumulative over time. - Need is based on one -hundredth acre per person (peak seasonal resident). 3./ Need is based on density of 8 units/acre and peak seasonal occupancy rate of 3.5 persons/unit. period in time. The population projection for Emerald Isle is shown in Table 4.1.2 above. In view of the expected amount of growth that will occur in Emerald Isle within the next 10 years, a municipal sewer system will ultimately be necessary for the several reasons set forth in detail elsewhere in this report (see Section 3.1.4 above). The ' results of the citizen survey questionnaire indicated that 70 percent of the respondents would support a bond referendum to finance a sewer system provided that the bond referendum would not increase property taxes .and the monthly user fee for the system would not exceed $20 per user. As indicated in Section 3.1.4 above, the County has initiated planning for a countywide sewer system and a countywide bond referendum has been scheduled. The Town of Emerald Isle supports the efforts of the County in this regard and intends to continue to access the need for a sewer system within the context of the County' s efforts. The water system serving Emerald Isle will also need to be expanded to serve future growth and development. Based on the population projections shown in Table 4.1.2, the peak seasonal average water demand for Emerald Isle alone will rise to 1,802,800 gallons per day by 1995 and 2,120,400 gallons per day ' 1. by the year 2000 /. Current storage capacity in place at Emerald Isle is 920,000 gallons. This will need to be doubled by the year 1995 and then increased by approximately another 300,000 Demand factor of 100 gallons/day/capita assumed. 4-6 r gallons by the year 2000. Current well capacity is at 1,260,000 gallons (assuming a 12 hour pumping cycle) with five (5) wells on line. Thus, two (2) more wells with a capacity of 350 gpm will be needed by the year 1995 to be further supplemented by one more well with a capacity of 425 gpm by the year 2000 to insure an adequate supply of water for anticipated growth and development. Representatives of the Bogue Banks Water and Sewer Corporation indicate that two new well sites should be approved soon. Planning for additional storage at Emerald Isle should begin immediately.. In view of the seasonal day visitor projects presented in Section 4.1 above (see Table 4.1.3), the Town of Emerald Isle will need to give. the issues of additional estuarine access and public parking increasing emphasis in the next 5 years. The citizen survey questionnaire indicated that a majority of the respondents favored and added emphasis on these issues. 4-7 ' SECTION 5: LOCAL POLICY ON LAND USE ISSUESl� 5.1 Resource Protection ' 5.1.1 Constraints to Development Within the Town of Emerald Isle, Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC) present a major constraint to development. These AEC's are Coastal Wetlands, Estuarine Waters, Estuarine Shorelines, Public Trust Areas, Inlet Hazard Areas, High Hazard Flood Areas and Ocean Erodible Areas. There are no other Areas of Environmental concern within the Town as currently defined by the Coastal Resources Commission. Other constraints include those imposed by storm vulnerability ' and environmental protection regulations. Included in this latter category are new proposed regulations relative to stormwater runoff and drainage. The following paragraphs elaborate on these constraints. 5.1.2 Specific Local Resource Development Issues Relative to AEC' s The Coastal Wetlands AEC is discussed within the Fragile Areas section of this report (see Section 3.2). Only limited use of ' the Coastal Wetlands should occur. The Town believes appropriate uses such as piers and boat docks are reasonable, but not dredging for commercial marinas. Although the total acreage of ' wetlands in this area is not great when compared to the total ' 1./ Note: Important policy statements contained in this section are highlighted by being underlined. Please refer to Section 7.2 for a recapitulation of policy statements. 5-1 11 acreage of wetlands in coastal North Carolina, the Town does benefit from these wetlands. These areas contribute greatly as nurseries for fish and shellfish. In addition, these areas contribute greatly to the scenic beauty of the Town. Town officials have zoned these areas as wetlands and will protect these areas in the local zoning ordinance. Town officials also believe that the State of North Carolina has a responsibility to protect these areas. The Estuarine Waters AEC is also discussed in detail in the Fragile Areas section of this report (Section 3.2). These waters are extremely important to the Town of Emerald Isle. These waters provide recreation, commercial and sport fishing, and scenic beauty. The Town believes that the only appropriate uses of estuarine waters are piers, boat docks, boat housing, marinas, sports fishing, commercial fishing, and recreation. It also believes that Town, state and federal protection of these waters are needed. The Town protects these waters through zoning, the State protects the water quality and the federal government keeps the channels worked and navigable. The Town also has* Estuarine Shoreline AEC'S. Within this area, water related activities such as docks, boat houses, marinas, bathing facilities, commercial and residential development consistent with ACE regulations are appropriate. Public Trust Areas are those areas seaward of the high water mark of high tide. Also included in this AEC are all navigable natural bodies of waters including Bogue Sound, Bogue Inlet and the Atlantic Ocean. Also, all beaches to the mean high tide are a part of this AEC. The Town's entire local economy rests on the 5-2 protection of these areas from inappropriate development. Reasonable land uses of these areas are identical to the ' Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shoreline AEC's. Town, state and federal protection is necessary for the protection of Public Trust Areas. ' Inlet Hazard Area'is another AEC within the Town. History has shown that Bogue Inlet has oscillated within a one mile area between Bear Island on the west and the Town of Emerald Isle several times in the past one hundred years. In 1975 the inlet had migrated as far east as it had ever been during its one ' hundred year recorded history. Currently it is moving westward, away from Emerald Isle. While danger to development within the Town is decreasing day by day as it continues to move westward, no one can predict the direction of future movements of the inlet. Most of the land within the Inlet Hazard Areas of Emerald Isle was subdivided and sold for residential lots prior to the existence of the North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act. Therefore, current AEC regulations do not prevent these lots from being utilized for residential structures. However, it is the Policy of the Town to advise property owners through the Building Inspector upon the request of a building permit of the hazards of constructing in the Inlet Hazard Area. The Town believes that both- the Town and state should protect this area from inappropriate development. Both Town and state are responsible for protecting this area. Because of subdivision and development ' for residential purposes prior to the existence of the CAMA 1 5-3 11 program, the Town believes that residential development is permissible in this area. However, persons desiring to build within this are must be willing to assume all risks. Should these lots be threatened by a future inlet migration'to the east, the Tow n's policy will be to encourage homeowners to relocate their structures outside of the inlet hazard area at their own expense. This policy recognizes the fact that inlet migration cannot be effectively controlled by man and public efforts or funds enlisted to curtain inlet migration and associated erosion in the zone will be futile. High Hazard Flood Areas are those areas along the ocean which are subject to high velocity wave wash during hurricane or other storm (nor'easter) conditions. These areas are identified as Zone V on the flood insurance rate map provided to the Town by the Federal Insurance Administration. The Town believes that the uses allowed by the flood insurance program are appropriate and protects this area through the local zoning ordinance. It is the Town's policy to allow development within this area, consistent with AEC regulations, Federal Insurance Regulations and the Zoning Ordinance. An example of appropriate uses are, fishing piers, recreation, commercial development and residential development, pr.ovided such uses are protected from significant damage by elevation above the one hundred year flood hazard elevation. Ocean Erodible Areas also exist within the Town of Emerald Isle. This AEC includes ocean beaches *and frontal dunes. To date, the ocean erosion within the Town has not been great enough 5-4 to effect any existing development. It is the Town's policy to allow development of the Ocean Erodible Areas consistent with -AEC ' regulation. The Town believes that the appropriate uses of Ocean Erodible Areas are recreation and fishing piers; and commercial and residential development if properly designed to protect the ' frontal dune. Frontal dunes extend almost the full length of ocean front within the Town. These areas are extremely important ' because of the protection that these dunes provide to areas behind the dunes during hurricanes or other major storms. It is the Town's policy to prevent any development which will damage this important dune system. Both commercial and residential development is allowed provided that the development will not ' involve significant (other than minor disturbances for dune walkovers, etc.) removal or relocation of the frontal dune sand or vegetation thereon. Development within the frontal dune AEC must be consistent with the AEC regulations. Both the state and the Town share the responsibility for supervised development of this AEC. It is the Town's policy not to allow the development of AEC' s in a manner which is inconsistent with the Coastal Area ' Management Act (CAMA) . While CAMA does not permit development that is more intensive than that allowed by minimal use and ' performance standards for each AEC, it is permissible for local governments to develop standards more restrictive than the CAMA use and performance standards. Emerald Isle has, as yet, not ' elected to exercise this option with respect to the AEC's within its jurisdiction. Thus, implementation of these policies is 5-5 accomplished through state and federal regulations.and the Town's zoning and subdivision ordinances which are consistent therewith. Where each AEC provides its own unique constraint to development, environmental protection regulations impose additional constraints. Regulations governing septic tank installations preclude approval of such systems on individual lots judged "unsuitable." Thus, in view of the fact that large areas of Emerald Isle are unsuitable for septic tank installations (see Map 3.1.2.2 and Section 3.1.2), full development of the Town cannot take place without a central sewer system. Therefore, in order to protect Bogue Sound and to accommodate future development which will occur, it is the Town's Policy to continue to work toward the development of a municipal sewage collection. treatment and disposal facility. Newly promulgated regulations governing stormwater runoff may ,preclude certain types of development within certain areas (see Section 5.1.6 following). 5.1.3 Other Fragile Land Areas (Maritime Forest) There is another important resource protection issue within the Town of Emerald Isle: the maritime forest. 'Up to this point, this desire has been implemented by the adoption of a dunes and vegetation ordinance and a planned unit development section of the subdivision ordinance. These ordinances require that certain percentages of land within each development remain in the natural state and provide for the clustering of development. The purpose of this ordinance is to maintain a portion of the existing maritime forest, dunes and open space within each development. 5-6 ' However, in view of the -information presented in Section 3.2.8 above and in Appendix C, it becomes apparent that some additional ' level of protection of the maritime forest resource is necessary in order to mitigate developmental impacts on this unique forest type. In recognition of this situation it is the Town's policy ' to encourage all future developers of land within the affected area (Blocks 43 to 47 - see Map 5.1.3.1) to use the planned unit ' development approach. 5.1.4 Hurricane and Flood Evacuation Plans The Town has a hurricane and flood evacuation plan (see Section 2.1.6 above). Passes are issued to all persons owning property in the Town. These passes are placed in the person's ' automobile. Before a hurricane, persons are evacuated via the Cameron Langestone Bridge. To prevent looting after the storm, police prevent the return of any automobile without a pass. Shelter is made available on the mainland in public schools. The plan was developed because the bridge is the only evacuation ' route available, no alternate routes or plans are considered. This plan is implemented jointly by the Town police and Carteret ' County Civil Defense officials. ' 5.1.5 Protection of Potable Water Supply The Town of Emerald Isle relies on groundwater for its potable water supply. When groundwater resources are used extensively, it is possible to use more water than the aquifer can replenish through infiltration. Without sufficient recharge of the groundwater, wells can go dry or saltwater from the ocean or estuaries can be pulled into the aquifer. Salt -contaminated water cannot be used for drinking, posing a serious problem. 5-7 8 R-MH PTA I PTA G N� \ � � P P 1 R-MH N p 1 1 1 1 1 ; R-MHO C 1 B-3 1 1 , 1 1 1 L / 1 4 1 B-3 � 1 11 R-M H I jr 11 , B-3 C i 1 PTA 1 R-MF R-MH P N o� MAP 5.1.3.1. MARITIME FOREST OVERLAY DISTRICT TOWN OF EMERALD ISLE N.C. 1986 LAND USE. PLAN UPDATE 0 660 1320 2640 1.�= 1320, HENRY VON OESEN 8 ASSOCIATES CONSULTING ENGINEERS 13 PLANNERS WI LMINGTON, N. C. ' For this reason, the NC Environmental Management Commission has the authority to designate "capacity use areas" -- aquifers where withdrawals must be regulated in order to prevent the groundwater from being overused. The one such area designated to ' date encompasses la portion pa a large po tion of eastern Carteret County east ' of the Newport River. Bogue Banks and the Town of Emerald Isle fall within a secondary zone where the use of groundwater may require coordination, limited regulation, or protection in order ' to insure ample future supplies. Thus, for potable water supply protection the Town must in large measure rely on the advise and ' regulatory authority of state agencies to insure protection. It is the policy of the Town of Emerald Isle to work closely with ' the State Regulatory Agencies to protect the integrity of the potable water supply. 5.1.6 Stormwater Runoff Draina e The NC Environmental Management Commission (NCEMC) adopted regulations to control stormwater runoff on September 11, 1986. The regulations impose certain constraints on development ' proximate to estuarine waters classified SA (for shellfishing). Following is a summary of the regulations. (Note: A copy of the complete regulations are found in Appendix G). Storm event criteria are presented for the design of ' stormwater treatment and disposal systems to protect water quality standards. These stormwater criteria depend on stream classifications as follows: (1) Class SA Waters: (A) Stormwater must not be discharged to Class SA waters ' from precipitation events less severe than the 2- 5-8 year, 24-hour event, including a 2-year, 1-hour intensity;•this requirement applies to discharges directly to Class SA waters, and to discharges to waters in close proximity to Class SA waters that water quality standards and uses of Class SA waters may be threatened. (B) As an alternative, stormwater disposal for land areas which complies with the regulations is considered to comply with requirement (A). (2) Other Waters: Appropriate performance criteria for the design of stormwater controls for other waters of the State shall be determined on a case -by -case basis by the Commission so as to provide adequate protection of water quality standards and classified uses in receiving waters. The regulations require stormwater controls to be considered for development projects exceeding one acre in size within 575 feet of Class SA waters. This zone affects all of the soundfront area of the Town of Emerald Isle. Within the 575 foot zone, development must either meet certain set backs and impervious area requirements or obtain a permit for stormwater disposal meeting certain criteria unless it meets one of several exemptions: (1) The site is so situated that it can be certified by NCDEM that the drainage does not threaten Class SA waters regardless of the type and degree of development. 5-9 (2) The development is redevelopment at an equivalent or lesser density following a fire, hurricane or other ' natural disaster. (3) The project site is one acre or less and no portion falls ' within the CAMA AEC. ' If the development does not meet one of the exceptions, the .development must either meet certain density limits or must ' obtain a permit for a stormwater treatment and disposal system. The requirements vary depending on drainage characteristics. ' (See Appendix G for details). The exemption/permit process is ' illustrated in Figure 5.1.6.1. The Town has responded to the new regulations by implementing ' a project to develop a Town -wide stormwater management plan. A local stormwater control ordinance is expected to be a product of 1 this planning study slated for completion by mid 1987. It is the Town of Emerald Isle' s policy to support the intent of the NCEMC 'stormwater control regulation to protect water quality and the integrity of shellfishing waters. 5.1.7 Marinas The NC Division of Coastal Management recently adopted new 1./ regulations governing the placement of marinas. This regulation defines marinas as any publicly or privately owned ' dock, basin, or wet boat storage facility constructed to accommodate more than 10 boats and providing any of several transient docking spaces, customary services such as permanent or ' dry storage, fueling facilities, haulout facilities and repair service. Boat ramp facilities allowing access only, temporary ' docking and none of the aforementioned services are excluded. 5-10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 FIGURE 5.1.6.1 SCHEMATIC OF REGULATIONS FOR COASTAL STORMWATER TO PROTECT CLASS SA WATERS l ' / Is the site within 575 ft. -NO of SA waters? STORMWATER CONTROLS NOT REQUIRED YES Does the project nasire a CAMA major development penult - and is the site greater t1w one acre? NO Y7NOT STORMWATER NO Does the Project require CONTROLS a sedimentation/erosion REQUIRED control plan? YES Is the effective impervious IS the effective impervious cover of the project greater NO NO cover of the project granw then 20% within the AEC and DEEMED PERMITTED tin 30% wittin 575 ft. 3Q% outside of the AEC. of SA waters. YES IYES Does the project have a stormwater control system that will retain the two-year design storm? YES NO Dom® OBTAIN NPDES PERMITTED DISCHARGE PERMIT l . / Source: NCEMC. rExisting facilities slated for expansion must also comply with the new regulations. The regulations govern siting of new marinas and encourage placement in non -wetland areas, in deep waters where dredging is not required or in upland areas and not in or adjacent to areas documented as having natural shellfish beds. Dry storage marinas are encouraged where feasible. The regulations define certain design criteria to promote flushing minimization of adverse effects on navigation and public use of waters, and provisions for future maintenance dredging (spoil areas). A copy of the regulations are found in Appendix H. In addition to new rules adopted by NCDCM, the US Environ- mental Protection agency and representatives of five southeastern states, including North Carolina, have agreed on specific steps to reduce marina -shellfish conflicts in coastal waters. The new steps will allow early and more formal data gathering on the presence of oysters and clams at sites being considered for marinas. Decision makers should be able to uphold the EPA's anti -degradation policy. Coastal developers will benefit from the changes in information gathering, because they will know ahead of time where marina -siting problems are•going to occur. The anti -degradation policy, based on the federal Clean Water Act, calls for keeping shellfish harvesting waters open to harvesting. This policy arose from controversies in South Carolina over the last three years and has now been made known nationwide. 1. Use Standards (for marinas) 15 NCAC 7H 0.208. ' 5-11 To ensure uniformity in the policy's application, the agreement, endorsed by officials from Alabama, Florida, Georgia and the two Carolinas, contains the following provisions: • Because of the difference between shellfish resources in the various states, "no rigid criteria" is appropriate. • The understanding is firm that water quality and existing uses have to be maintained. • The phrase "existing uses" means the growing of harvestable oysters, clams and mussels - regardless of whether or not they are actually being harvested by humans. • The agency in each state responsible for managing shellfish will determine the extent of the oysters, clams and mussels in any development , proposed site. • The resource agency will then make recommendations formally and publicly to the agency responsible for maintaining water quality and existing uses. It is the policy of the Town of Emerald Isle to encourage the developers of marinas to abide by the NCDCM regulations and the associated anti -degradation policies now in effect relative to ' marina siting and development. 5.2 Resource Production and Management 5.2.1 General Agriculture, forestry and mining resource production and management policies are not pertinent issues at Emerald Isle because these activities do not occur within thew Town. Because of the nature of the geography of the area, these activities will not occur in the future. However, fisheries and recreational , resources are of particular interest to the area. 5 -12 Recreation is the reason the Town exists. Its superb ocean beaches and beautiful sound combined with its easy access to the mainland provide recreational benefits to both day visitors and Town residents. It is the Town's policy to continue to encourage use of this recreational resource. Because tourism is so important to the local economy, the alternative of discouraging uses of this recreational resource is considered inappropriate. This policy has been reinforced by the. early efforts to obtain a ferry connection to the mainland and later a bridge, local promotions b local businessmen and a continuing effort b the P Y 9 Y Town to reach an equitable and reasonable solution to the issue of public parking. The Town supports the protection of this valuable recreational resource. 5.2.2 Commercial. Sports and Recreational Fisheries Including Nursery Areas Commercial, sports and recreational fishing is consistent with the recreational resources of the Town of Emerald Isle. ' Commercial fishing in Bogue Sound is extensive. However, commercial seafood processing tends to be inconsistent with the recreational economy. Because of odors associated with commercial fisheries processing operations such as fish houses, shucking houses, etc., and the potential for conflicts, Icommercial seafood processing operations do not fit well into the local economy. For this reason, the Town does not encourage the development of local seafood processing facilities. Furthermore, Pm P g only one small harbor exists within the Town. All available space within this harbor is utilized for recreational boating. r 5-13 [I Thus, the Town supports the development of commercial fisheries and related seafood processing facilities at other locations in Onslow and Carteret Counties. Waters adjacent to Emerald Isle must be protected for the benefit of both commercial and I recreational. fishermen. Therefore, it is the policy of the town of Emerald Isle to support the development of commercial, sports and recreational fishing in area waters with the caveat that this Policy excludes the development of seafood processing facilities within Town limits. Related to the protection of fisheries resources is the issue of the protection of primary nursery areas. Such protection is normally the joint purview of NCDCM and the NC Division of Marine Fisheries bolstered by local support for such protection. Thus, the Town of Emerald Isle supports the efforts of these state agencies to preserve the integrity of primary nursery areas for fisheries production. 5.2.3 Off -Road Vehicles It is the' Town Policy of discouraging off -road vehicles from its dune system. In fact, local ordinances have been adopted prohibiting off -road vehicles from its dune system. (Note:. Emergency vehicles are exempted from this regulation). Vehicles on the beach are allowed during the winter and spring seasons but prohibited from Memorial Day through Labor Day. This policy has been in effect since 1977. Many alternatives were considered before this policy was formulated. The policy is being implemented through an ordinance and enforced by the police department. � 5-14 1 5.2.4 Sound and Estuarine Islands These are numerous undeveloped low lying spoil or marsh islands located in Bogue Sound north of Emerald Isle within the Town's one mile extraterritorial jurisdiction (see Map 1.6.1). It is the policy of the Town of Emerald Isle to discourage any and all development of these islands by private interest and to encourage the preservation of the areas as wildlife sanctuaries and conservation areas. 5.3 Economic and Community Development 5.3.1 Local Commitment to Provide Municipal Services to Development The Town of Emerald Isle is committed to providing municipal level services to future development. With substantial vacant land within the Town, the town supports water service to these areas by the private water system that serves the area. The Town currently provides street lighting, police protection and garbage collection via a contracted private hauler. Future services will most likely include municipal sewer service and municipal drainage. It is a policy of the Town of Emerald Isle to require future developers to secure a letter from the Bogue Banks Water and Sewer Corporation (BBWSC) stating water needs for the proposed development will be met before the development is approved. The BBWSC has indicated that it reserves the right to refuse service to a developer should the proposed project require an additional r 5-15 well, unless the developer agrees to provide the land necessary for the well. Once the municipal sewer and drainage systems become a reality, the Town will need to adopt service and extension policies with provisions for developer cost sharing and/or installation and dedication for Town operation and maintenance. 5.3.2 Urban Growth Patterns/Types Desired In 1974 the Town adopted its Land Development Guide. Included in that plan was the policy statement: "High intensity development should be located near the bridge. As the distance from the bridge increases, the intensity of development should decrease." This policy above all others has been a guide for rezoning property over the past several years and still remains as a key to policy guiding future development of Emerald Isle. The future desired overall growth pattern for Emerald Isle can be summarized as*follows: • A complimentary mixture of single family, cluster and multifamily (condominium type) residential development with bulk of the higher density residential development sited west of the Cameron Langestone Bridge approaches. • Two (2) principal commercial areas, one along Emerald Drive immediately east of the bridge and west of Town Hall and one, yet to be developed, west of Emerald Drive and north of the Coast Guard Road at the bridge. • Recreational development and parking areas for day visitors in appropriate areas. 5-16 • Strict enforcement of greenspace requirements and greater emphasis on planned unit development to preserve the aesthetic appeal of the community. • Commitment towards improving public access to Bogue Sound. In addition to the above development. goals, the following �j previously -developed policies are reaffirmed: • To continue to encourage the development of a good, clean family beach. • To continue efforts to maintain high standards for both residential and commercial areas. • To encourage the development of public facilities for beach access areas. • To insure'that the Town's population does not exceed the capacity of natural resources and supporting public facilities. • To support the County's efforts to develop a countywide sewer system to include Emerald Isle when such becomes feasible. • To improve the quality of Town streets. 5.3.3 Redevelo=nent of Developed Areas In view of the relative youth of the Town of Emerald Isle, there are currently no developed areas slated for or in need of redevelopment. However, as development continues to occur and land values rise redevelopment of areas now occupied by mobile homes' may give way towards more permanent structures associated with high quality residential or commercial development. 5-17 11 5.3.4 Commitment to State and Federal Programs Emerald Isle is interested in greater participation in federal and state programs, including highway, recreation and beach renourishment programs as appropriate. , 5.3.5 Assistance to Channel Maintenance and Beach Renourishment Proi ects The Town is interested in beach nourishment and channel maintenance. Past efforts of the Town have dealt with such issues as trying to curb erosion at the point at Bogue Inlet and encouraging the US Army Corps of Engineers to cut a new, better defined, channel through Bogue Inlet. Efforts to curtail erosion and support beach nourishment where such is deemed reasonable and cost effective is continuing. It is the Town's policy to continue to support channel maintenance and appropriate beach nourishment by providing spoil areas or easements for dredge pipelines, etc. An alternate policy of no action on this issue 1. was abandoned several years ago. 5.3.6 Tourist Access to Beach and Sound Promotion of tourism is a key factor in the Town's economy. While many tourists are day visitors, most rent cottages, mobile homes and camp sites. Beach access has been a continual issue 1./ Note: As alluded to in Section 5.1.2 above, beach renourishment within the Inlet Hazard Area AEC may not be appropriate should Bogue Inlet return to a pattern of eastward migration. Should such occur, beach renourishment versus a programmed retreat from the zone will have to be evaluated for efficacy. 5-18 within the Town. Over 200 beach access sites already exist within the Town. However, given the limited land area within the a town and the relatively -high cost of land, finding suitable sites for public parking to complement beach access points has been very difficult. The citizen survey questionnaire returns indicate support for providing public parking. \It is the'Town's _policy to provide public parking throughout the Town, even in residential areas. Implementation of the policy to provide waterfront access is by the subdivision ordinance. Every subdivision must provide dedicated accesses at a minimum of 550 feet along the ocean or sound. This access cannot be blocked to prevent passage. �. As alluded to previously in this plan update (see Section 4.3 above) , the issue of public parking must be dealt with. Thus it is the Town's Policy to continue todevelo suitable public parking facilities to accommodate the increasing flow of day visitors to Emerald Isle. As indicated in Section 4.1 above, over 18,000 day visitors can be expected by the year 1995 and virtually all will arrive by private automobiles. A refinement Mof the Town policy regarding parking was made as a part of this plan update wherein it was agreed that wherever possible such public facilities would be located within commercial zones to avoid potential conflicts. However, the Town will continue to consider all other areas for public access facilities when deemed appropriate provided such .locations can meet certain site planning requirements such as suitable vegetative buffers, etc. Also, the Town is considering such innovative ideas as a centrally located privately owned parking deck (multiple story 5-19 permanent structure) within a commercial zone with an associated jitney bus transportation system routed to beach and sound access points during the peak summer season. The results of the citizen opinion questionnaire distributed during the planning period pointed out the need for more access points to Bogue Sound including a public boat ramp facility. In response to this public input,. the Town will be considering the f ollowing : • Location of a municipal park and/or nature trail and/or bike path on the sound side of the town. A site screening process including public participation will be used to select the site (or sites) for these facilities. • Location of a public boat ramp with suitable parking facilities and road access at the Cameron Langestone Bridge 1./ Causeway (see Map 5.3.6.1) . The planning and development of this proposed facility will involve close cooperation of several state agencies including the NC Wildlife Resources Commission, NC Department of Transportation, the NC Division of Coastal Management and the NC Division of Marine Fisheries. 5.3.7 Future Land Use Classification System A land classification system has been developed as a means of assisting in the implementation of policies adopted as a part of this plan. By delineating land classes on a map, the Town 1./ Several other locations for this facility were screened during the planning process including a site near to the US Coast Guard Station at Bogue Inlet. However, all of these other locations had limited space for parking or were proximate to low density residential areas which could result in adverse impacts on existing development. 5-20 N CAMERON LANGSTONE E �`� ✓I' 4 S:' Y Mi ID iP 0060s,f ,y4 _�a5i .fir t �y c r . f� i �ffx . ,rt �, "a' •*'"'t i „y ,� ^5 : ,., ! ,. n .,{$ �: 3 ,�+� «�'• s :' � . '� �µ f �� 95 ;k '{"ter � • .? + ��� t a r z .,A �,y r "� R3 ,# �.'. •rtr� j a� r Mr` � Y. � � ,l. TQ1l�N Q EM�RALQ� 1$L` E x , .� fi, 0 Gy E }. f . p . MAP 5.3.6.1 .' LOCATION OF SITE FOR-PROPROSED PU BL 1 C BOAT RAMP, AND ' ACCESS TO BOGUE SOUND 1986 LAND USE PLAN UPDATE Z G . . N a " -> 0 660 1320 2640 I = 1320 P�LA HENRY VON OESEN & ASSOCIATES CONSULTING ENGINEERS 8 PLANNERS • WI LMINGTON N.C. 007A government officials and local citizens can locate those areas where certain policies (local, state and federal) are applicable. The land classification map for Emerald Isle is shown on Map 5.3.7.1 which follows this page. The Coastal Area Management Act requires that lands within the. j urisdiction of a local government be classified as Developed, Transition, Community, Rural and Conservation. Within the Town of Emerald Isle there are only two classes of land: Conservation and Transition. The definitions of each of these are as follows: • Conservation: Lands which provide for effective long-term management of significant or irreplaceable resources. These areas may have natural, cultural, recreational, productive*or scenic values. Required by the Coastal Resource Commission to be included in the conservation classification are "major wetlands; essentially undeveloped shorelands that are unique, fragile, or hazardous for development; necessary wildlife habitat or areas that have a high probability for providing necessary habitat conditions; publicly owned water supply watersheds and aquifers; ers; and forest lands that are undeveloped and will q pe remain undeveloped for commercial purposes." Within the Town of Emerald Isle major wetlands, portions of high hazard flood areas, ocean erodible areas and the Bogue Inlet hazard area are designated as conservation. Also, in view of the fact that Bogue Sound is defined as Estuarine Waters AEC, a 75 foot landward area is also an AEC, Estuarine Shoreline. This zone is also included in the Conservation Class. However development is allowed within the areas consistent with CAMA Guidelines/regulations. 5-21 • Transition: Lands where the local government plans to provide for future intensive urban development within the ensuing ten years that are most suitable and that will be scheduled for provision of necessary public utilities and services. The transition lands provide for additional growth when additional lands in the developed class are not available or when they are severely limited for development.' Lands to be classified transition may include: (1) lands currently having urban services, and (2) other lands necessary to accommodate the urban population and economic growth anticipated within the planning jurisdiction over the ensuing ten year period. Lands classified transition to help meet the demand for development, anticipated population, and economic growth must: (1) be served or be readily served by public water, sewer, and other urban services including public streets, and (2) be generally free of severe physical limitations for urban development. In addition, the transition class should not include: (1) lands high for of potential agriculture, forestry, or mineral extraction, or land falling within extensive rural areas being managed commercially for these uses, when other lands are available; (2) lands where urban development might result in major or irreversible damage to important environmental, scientific, or scenic values; or (3) land where urban development might result in damage to natural systems or processes of more than local concern. Lands where development will result in undue risk to life or property from natural hazards (including inlet 5-22 3a3000 D 311000 D 339000 337000 325000 333000 331000 35' SE1 CONSEI LINE 2571000 2573000 257S000 2577000 2579000 2591000 2583000 2565000 2597000 2530000 2591000 2SO3000 2SO5000 2597000 MAP 5.3.7.1 , PART A FUTURE LAND USE CLASSIFICATION MAP TOWN OF EMERALD ISLE , N. C. EMERALD ISLE LAND USE PLAN UPDATE 1986 LAND RESOURCES INFORMATION SERVICE Ir NC DEPT OF NR&CO —J 919/733-2090 SCALE 1: 15840 1 INCH = 1320 FT 11 17 1982 EMERAL. SL. A. L i 9 ORIG SCALE 1: 24000 NORTH HENRY VON OESEN a ASSOCIATES CONSULTING ENGINEERS a PLANNERS TRANSITIONAL ' CONSERVATION �Y W I LMI NOTON , NORTH CAROLINA 2sao100 350000 348000 346000 344000 342000 340000 338000 N T � G AT�"A 2600000 2502000 2604000 2606000 2608000 MAP 5.3.7.1 , PART B FUTURE LAND USE CLASSIFICATION MAP TOWN OF EMERALD" ISLE N. C. EMERALD ISLE LAND USE PLAN UPDATE 1986 LAND RESOURCES INFORMATION SERVICE (� NC DEPT OF NRLCD —� 919/733-2090 SCALE 1: 15840 1 TN!" 1320 FT 1; 17 198-1 EMERAL. SL. B. L 1 q7 ORIG SCALE 1: 24000 NORTH HENRY VON OESEN 8i ASSOCIATES 2610000 2612000 2854000 2618000 2658000 2620000 2622000 2624000 2626000 2628000 CONSULTING ENGINEERS a PLANNERS TRANSITIONAL CONSERVATION WILMINGTON , NORTH CAROLINA hazard areas and ocean erodible areas as defined in 15 NCAC 7H) or existing land uses shall not be classified transition. In determining the amount of additional transition lands necessary to meet projected urban population and economic growth, the county or town may utilize estimates of average future urbane population density that are based upon local land policy, existing patterns and trends of urban development within the if county or town, and densities specified in local zoning, any; an estimate of additional transition class lands should be based upon a guideline density of 2,000 persons or 500 dwellings per square mile. The developed and transition classes should be the only lands under active consideration by the county or municipality for intensive urban . development requiring urban services. The area within these classes is where detailed local land use and public investment planning must occur. State and federal expenditures on projects associated with urban development (water, sewer, urban street systems, etc.) will be guided to these areas. Based on utility service and current growth trends, with the exception of the conservation areas, the entire town is classified as transition. Appropriate uses are those uses allowed by the Town's zoning ordinance. Developed, community and rural classification do not apply within Emerald Isle. Land within the developed class includes land with full urban services such as public water sewer, . p ► ► recreational facilities, police and fire protection. Density of such areas . is generally 500 or more dwelling units per square mile. 5-23 .Community classifications are clusters of developments within rural areas. These areas are generally small and do not require municipal service. Rural classifications are predominantly agricultural and forest lands. Density is expected to remain extremely low. 5-24 SECTION 6: PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 6.1 Description of Methods Used for Public Education on Public Issues Continuing public participation was a key element in the development of this plan. Specific methods used to educate the public on planning issues and to receive public input included the wide distribution of a citizen survey questionnaire early in the planning process along with the holding of three (3) well advertised public meetings. Two (2) of these meetings were joint meetings of the Town Board of Commissioners and the Planning Also, the Board and one (1) was with the Planning Board alone. local press gave good -coverage of key policy issues during the planning Process thereby educating other segments of the public who did not attend the public meetings. Public education on planning issues will continue by providing several copies of this document at the Town Hall for.. public use and continual discussions of important issues at public meetings of the Planning Board and Town Board. 6.2 Results of Citizen Survey Questionnaire and Summary of Public Desires Regarding the Land Use Plan A sample copy of the Citizen Survey Questionnaire used to solicit public comment is shown in Figure 6.2.1. The contents of the questionnaire was developed with the assistance of Town staff members. 6-1 I FIGURE 6.2.1 I 1 1 11 CITIZEN SURVEY QUESTIONAIRE 1986 LAND USE PLAN UPDATE EMERALD ISLE, NORTH CAROLINA • Introductory Remarks The Town of Emerald Isle is currently involved in a project to update its Land Use Plan. The Land Use Plan is a guide to future development and growth at Emerald Isle. Town officials and our planning consultant (Henry von Oesen and Associates, Inc., Wilmington, NC) have identified several key issues on which we. wouldlike to have your opinion(s). Your opiniions are very important to us if the final plan is to accurately reflect the collective sense of direction that the citizens of Emerald Isle want their community to take during the next 10 years. Also, public opinion will ultimately be linked to public policy. Policies which will be incorporated into the Land Use Plan will affect growth and future decisions on how your tax monies will be spent. Therefore, we would appreciate your taking a few minutes to answer the following questions. Thank you in advance for communicating your feelings on these issues with us. Please return the questionaire to the Town Hall by February 21, 1986. Sincerely, Wade Horne Town Administrator FIGURE 6.2.1, Continued Instructions: Please circle or underline your answer to the following questions. Flese note that some questions have special instructions. A. INTRODUCTORY QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following best describes your relationship to the Town? a. Permanent resident c. Regular seasonal visitor b. Non-resident real property d. Occasional seasonal visitor owner e. Other (Please specify 2. If you are a non-resident real property owner, do you intend to build a house on your property or to sell your property during the next ten years? (Please bypass this question if you are not a non-resident real property owner). a. Intend to build a house on my property b. Intend to sell my property M1 c. Do not intend to sell my property or build on it 3. Which of the following describes your principal relationship to the Town? a. Developer, builder e. Beach user b. Commercial business owner f. Retiree c. Town resident g. Housewife d. Sportsfisherman or boater h. Other ease specify) 4. Which of the following best describes your relationship to the Town? a. Active voter b. Ineligible to vote in Town elections c. Eligible to vote, but not active in Town elections 5. In which general area of Erperald Isle are you especially interested? (Select one) a. Beach e. Residential area b. Sound f . Other c. Maritime forest ease specify) _. d. Commercial business district B. ACCESS TO ATLANTIC OCEAN AND BOGUE SOUND 6. Do you think that public access to the ocean at Emerald Isle is !, adequate? a. Yes b . No 1 1 Figure 6.2.1, Continued l t i 7. Do you think that public access to the sound at Emerald Isle is adequate? a. Yes b. No 8. The Town of Emerald Isle currently has 75 dedicated and marked public beach and sound accessways but no public parking facilities to accompany them. The Town is considering requiring all future dedicated access points to have associated public parking facilities. How do you feel about this: a. Strongly agree d. Disagree b. Agree e. Strongly disagree c. Not sure 9. The Town of Emerald Isle is considering the passage of an ordinance which will require all developers, as a condition of development, to dedicate land for public access to the Atlantic Ocean or Bogue Sound according to the following suggested standards: Parking, a trash receptacle, a freshwater shower/drinking fountain, planting strips, changing enclosure and restroom, a raised walkway structure across the primary dune (ocean access) or stabilized path (sound access) and directional signs indicating public beach/sound access. How do you react to this proposal? a. Strongly agree d. Disagree b. Agree e. Strongly disagree c. Not sure 10. Should the Town of Emerald Isle invite day visitors and provide facilities (parking/restrooms, etc.) for them? a. Yes b. No Please explain your answer: 11. Would you like the Town of Emerald Isle to have an oceanfront public Gazebo with seating and associated parking? a. Yes* b. No 12. Should the Town have parking meters for public parking areas? a. Yes b. No K Figure 6.2.1, Continued C. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 13. The Town of Emerald Isle currently has a density ceiling of 8 units/ acre. Do you feel that this limit should be ......? a. Increased b. Stay the same c. Decreased Please explain your answer: D. ZONING 14. How do you feel about the amount of land zoned for commercial use? a. Too little b. Adequate Ali c. Too much WF 15. Do you feel that the location of commercially zoned lands is appropriate? a. Yes b. No E. PUBLIC SERVICES 16. Are you currently satisfied with the level and delivery of services offered by the Town of Emerald Isle? a. Yes b. No 17. What other services, if any, would you like the Town to offer its citizens? 18. What existing services do you feel can be improved? 19. As the Town of Emerald Isle continues to grow, a central sewer system will more than likely be needed to prevent environmental problems. Would you vote in favor of a bond referendum for a sewer system if you knew that advalorem taxes would remain at the current level and the r monthly sewer bill would be less than $20/month/household? a. Yes b. No Figure 6.2.1, Continued I 20. As an alternative to building a central sewer system, do you f eel that the Town should use local land use regulations and service provisions to discourage intense development? a. Yes b. No 21. Do you feel that the Town should direct future development to those areas best able to support development so as to prevent the future use of public funds to correct a problem? a. Yes b. No 22. The Town of Emerald Isle recently experienced drainage problems in certain areas of Town. Drainage improvements will need to be made to correct existing problems. What do you feel is the most equitable means of paying for such improvements? a. Front foot assessments of affected properties b. Special taxes c. Surcharge on water bills d. Other (Please specify) 23. Do you feel that Emerald Isle needs a municipal drainage system? a. Yes b. No F. RECREATIONAL FACILITIES 24. From the following facilities, please select and rank those 25. or which youfeel-there is a strong enou h need to justify 26. their being provided at pu is expense. P ease p ace the 27. most important facility in the space at the top to the left, second choice below it, etc. Leave blanks if you do not wish the Town to provide any more facilities). a. Marinas and boat access b. Parking for beach access g. Ballfields h. Picnic facilities c. Bathhouses i. Jogging and walking paths d. Playgrounds j. Bikeways. e. Tennis courts k. Convention and meeting f. Indoor ball courts hall G. MISCELLANEOUS 28. Should the Town of Emerald Isle regulate the placement of satellite TV dishes? a. Yes b. No 4 Figure 6•.2.1,' Continued Thank you. Please return your completed questionaire to: G. Wade Horne Town Administrator Town of Emerald Isle 7500 Emerald Drive Emerald Isle, NC 28557 5 1 Figure 6.2.1, Continued I 1 I 10A 'THE NEWS -TIMES Morehead City -Beaufort, N. C. Emerald Isle Monday, March 10, 1986 Public opinion 'poll results.tabulated By BRAD RICH Once completed, the plan is used NewrTlmns►anwn>.r :as a guide to help town officials de- cide what kinds of development, if APPROXIMATELY .20 Emerald any, should go in specific areas of Isle residents turned out Wednesday' the town. In addition, the plan in - night for the first of at least two cludes policy statements, which Mr: planned public meetings designed to Burnett said —would • serve as a give citizens the • chance to voice "travel guide" to help the town "get their opinions on the town's land -use where it wants togo" in future plan update. years. The meeting, which began at 7 o'clock in the town hall, Emerald LAST NIGHT, Mr. Burnett briefed Drive, was a joint session of the town town officials and citizens on the board of commissioners and the early and unofficial results of a pub - planning board. Bill Burnett rep- . lic opinion survey the town is using resented Henry von Oesen and Aso- to help formulate the new land -use ciates, Wilmington, the engineering plan, firm helping the town prepare the update. THE LAND -USE plan, required ..by the state Division of Coastal Man- agement must be updated every ,five years. Emerald Isle has until .August to complete the work. The town mailed out more than 1,- 850 of the six -page questionnaires and has recieved more than 8W, a number so high that Mr. Burnett said Henry von Oesen and Asso- ciates officials were "flabber- gasted." THE FOLLOWING are key points of the responses: - O Sixty-five percent of the respon- dents said ocean beach access in . Emerald isle was adequate.' O K(th-three percent said access to Bogue Sound was adequate. O Fifty-three percent favored re- quiring all future accesses to have parking spaces; 35 percent were against such a requirement. O Fifty-six percent favored re- quiring future developers to ded- fcate to the town an improved beach access area, including parking spaces, a trash can, a shower and drinking foun tain and a raised walk- way. O Thirty nine percent favored "Mvitmg" day visitors and provid- ing facilities for them. O Thirty-six percent said they fa- vered the town having an oceanfront publicgazebo withseatingand park- ing. Q - Forty-efght percent favored . parking meters at public parking areas O Four percent favoredallowing increased zoning density, 58 percent said current densities were appro- priate; and 37 percent favored re- ducing allowed densities. O Seventy-six percent said there was enough commercially zoned property in the town; 91 pcercent said commercially zoned property wasproperlylocated. O Efgbty--six percent said they were satisfied with town services; additional services most often men- tioned were sewer, drainage, mos- quito control and parking. O Seventy percent said they would support a bond referendum to fi- nance a sewer system, provided the bond referendum would not increase property taxes and the user fee for the system would not exceed $20 per month. O Sixty-four percent said drain- age improvements should be as- sessed to property owners on a front footage basis. O Forty-seven percent said the town needed a municipal drainage system. O Seventy-eight percent said the town should regulate the placement of television satellite dish antennas. MR. BURNETTE said he hoped the land -use plan update would 1 serve as a useful tool for future pol- icy decisions in Emerald Isle. He said he thought the plan would ultimately result in some "very sub - stational changes, perhaps in zoning regulations and subdivision regula- tions." A total of 1840 questionnaires were mailed. All permanent residents received- copies and a random cross section of seasonal residents, businessmen and day visitors also received copies. A total of 671 of the forms were returned during the planning period. This represents an overall response rate of 36.5 percent which is exceptionally good. for this type of survey effort. Of the 671 total responses, 625 were received by the survey cutoff date (35 percent return). This latter segment of responses was used to formulate the fabric of public opinion summarized hereinafter. It should be noted that many of the forms were returned with additional narrative comments on issues of special concern to �1 citizens. These comments were also taken into consideration_ in the .planning process where appropriate. The results of the survey were reviewed at a joint meeting of the Emerald Isle Town 1 Board of Commissioners and the Planning Board held on March 5, 1986. The text of meeting is found in Appendix D (please see Appendix D for details on the results of the citizen survey). The results of the survey were also contained in a newspaper article on the March 5 meeting which was published in the ICarteret County News -Times (see Figure 6.2.1). 6.3 Summary of Public Meetings As indicated above, a set of three (3) public meetings on the land held the the use plan were over span of planning period. The results of each are summarized below: o Public Meeting Held in Conjunction With a Normally Scheduled Planning Board Meeting On October 24, 1985. This meeting was essentially a kick-off meeting on the land use 6-2 planning project. Several representatives of the NC Division of Coastal Management made presentations on the issues of environmental protection/conservation, beach/sound access and water quality along with an overview of the plan update process. The consultant also made a brief presentation on the scope of the project. Several key issues including beach access, parking facilities for day visitors and drainage problems were discussed. Several local citizens in attendance offered comments and suggestions or asked questions about land use issues. • Special Joint Meeting of the Board of Commissioners and Planning Board Held On March 5, 1986: A complete summary of this meeting is found in Appendix D. This meeting was very well attended by the public. • Special Joint Meeting of the Board of Commissioners and Planning Board Held On June 23, 1986: The purpose of this meeting was to summarize the results of the planning effort to date, to review key recommendations in the plan and to receive additional public input on the plan as formulated. Further details on the substance of this meeting are found in a newspaper article on the meeting published in the Carteret County News -Times (see Figure 6.3.1). Although this meeting was not attended by the general public it provided an excellent forum for discussion of many of the key policy issues developed during the planning process. 6-3 us an am M an M M M Wednesday, Juna 2S"till : MoreMad CHy Btauforf, N. t•' THE NEWS TIMES . Yt'i.'aL...h:-...a..t�f..»_...a-L.•.i.,....w,.•..rr+r Nwrc-••.daA11: .. if 3.i,., .. - :. _t.r •-r 'ter::`. �'."„'''�'• .. .. „F. .-` .- - .. i.[� :�• ;:• .•� raf;-y "�L ay'�'!•a 1 o�.,.. .,�. ♦`t•i•t,• __ -• ':T+.• �YK F•. „ .. rald::Isleers'. +Q .i1Eme �? I-ead :'etb_}rie5•fin� Y ,�nr�:l.and. use1 Zi `.. _.._w�.�._.,--•--. � ' ... '; :.'1 5 �f ?± J ^.., ; :•tF+: '. �i • .. �-..i ' •1) .f'. c l.ti - .-....._.�........_.........��. - .Y._.. k L ep By BRAD RICH , ; ? a� .�.._.�._.__....... ..�_..... . , THE LAND -USE plan, required by the state Division of Coastal , �. . a.. , population of between 2,042 and 5,035, a peak seasonal population of i ,� ,m •_ t ti1, NrtwY4lm�a Sfafl WrIM - ' •. �, Management, must be updated every five years. It is used as a guide- 18,028, and a peak day visitor count of as much as 18,000 a; to what type of development, if any, should occur in specific areas. . • • a` +- . ... -, :,. :. EMERALD ISLE'S 1986land-use plan update may call form. , ' "l Monday night's meeting was scheduled as a review session for the .. _ ,,, • �• "MR. BURNETTE said the projected population growth would likely, ' .'downzoning" of an area said to be in the flight path of Bogue Field .__ . _... .. commission and the planning board, and as a public hearing. No �. y lead to increasing conflicts between the wants and needs of permanent and the creation of a new zoning district to protect a large maritime members of the public showed up, but Mr. Burnett gave town officials r" residents and the needs of the tourists. forest. > a comprehensive briefing on the progress of his work. Surveys sent out by the town, he said, revealed that the permanent �. Those were two of the suggestions made by planning consultant Bill Burnett during a joint meeting of town commissioners and ' r ' : - `" , r , ;'i "!• �', ACCORDING population very much wanted the town to retain its "family beach" I planners TO Mr: Burnett, Emerald Isle in April 1985 had a . ;:, ; .' . atmosphere. However, the tourist population would have to be served " (• Monday night in the town hall. Mr. Burnett works for Henry von Oesen permanent population of 1,518, with a peak seasonal population of . ' by increased numbers of parking spaces, bathhouse and food :. and Associates, a Wilmington engineering firm hired by the town to about 12,000, not including a peak "day visitor" population of 15,000. facilities: , )f assist in developing the update. By 1995, he said; those numbers could Increase to a permanent (See LAND -USE Pg.2A) No"now r Sam M 4n MfffA Nr 2A THE NEWS -TIMES- Morelmd City-lleau", N. C. Wednesday, June 25, Hta.. _ ; pan, ! k 1 ': •:'_.11 =..��Y.4. r i. i. ':. ��A*ex' 'dry �{/'ny+�15� ter r :I!- �.11 .�J .!>•.t ll :� .f: i- •!•.'{'� �.. ir. -. •.t kis .i...t ,,..is...: . .•�(.�. k . .," . `(Contlnuod from Pa. lA) t _ "`f MR. BURNETT projected that the use would increase to 1.8 million gal- ! . ,t town begin planning to develop: a rt. town's growing population would re=i 0 ions per day by 1995,`and 2.1 million- icentral sewage collection and treat !MR:, BURNETT recommended quired 64 additional? acres of.com- t gallons!;per day by 2000: That, he ment system. He pointed ,out that > that the town try to develop as many a rercial'property•by.r1995: That Is :`.'-said; 'would require.at least. two--).many,,undeveloped•. areas' in the - Parking. facilities as possible,: pre- part Emerald Isle,were, more. -,wells by n9add lion, �4 - } ll ferrably. in areas zoned "commer• ., ° or two by 2000: I�_moie we exlstsInciaddltioo, heiropertysaid, the town aoE w suitedf[or the use of septic. vial." He added that some parking about 226 acres of additional. rest- - °. would need to double its water stor- tanks. F A. facilities would likely have to be dentlal development would be gage capacity by1995. , r , + ;' i•t =" ;. , placed in residential zones. needed...-'.. :-!� •. Currently, Emerald Isles' water Mr. Burnett said'populaUon in- If that happened, he said, the needs are supplied by Bogue Banks creases would place greater strain parking lots should be screened and "The good'news," he said, "is that Water and Sewer Corp:, a private on Emerald Drive (N.C. 58), the only.. buffered from nearby residences. you have plenty of land to accommo-• user -owned company:. Mr. Burnett date that need." n • recommended that the town and the road that traverses the town. He rec-. ommended that the town ask' the The town might also want to begin exploring the idea of building larger - — - company - begin working together • state Department of Transportation 1 parking lots and using shuttle buses THE POPULATION increase will ; now to meet those future needs. _ to. conduct. a study to determine to get tourists to the ocean, Mr. Bur• also strain the town's services. Mr.. . s ways to alleviate traffic nett said... Burnett said that peak daily water HE ALSO recommended that the expected congestion. .: 0 'TJ O H rt C H.'d �J M I✓ ID M i1 w T MOST controversial-••'t �+M':I1-IS A valuable ecological uniti;q •IBUT;,THE •recommendations -..involved' Bogue'. `; that Is rapdily disappearing,before the blade of the bulldozer," he said ..Field, :which is located on the main- . "find, well outside . the. town limits, - ..You have a unique opportunity to ' and the large stand of maritime for- preserve that and at the same time •:est' bordering both sides of Coast.' aU°wfor development 'h GuardRoad.i. 1 ..,�;:,e,, r.:k a t:.,: o•• .: r+n";1',�! ::, Mr. Burnett said the military had', Mr. Burnett recommended thaf.a. • determined that most development',: new "overlay zone".be created for . In Block 33 of Emerald Isle, as well the forest.'That zone,. he said, could as portions of other blocks, were in a allow development of 10 residential relatively. high hazard zone for air. " units per acre, two more than, is cur - ::plane crashes and loud noise.., , , i': rently allowed', but would require _._.. ...- , ...I . that development be clustered In the HE RECOMMENDED that any center of a tract. multifamily zoning In those areas be downgraded to R-2, a residential MR. BURNETT also recom- zone that allows only single-family ,homes and duplexes. !' \.' ,Cityo[ttcalspointedoutthatmuch of Block 33, the block where the town ;'hall is located, was zoned RMH (re- sort -motel -hotel)..`,; -.;4 !THE MORE dense the developo- ment you have, the greater.the po-' tential for there being a loss of life . someday," he said: "Some of the landowners obviously won't like this. It's going to be a hard decision,-* a gut decision, but It was a recom- mendation we felt we had to make." The maritime forest .recommen- . dation, according to Mr. Burnett, was needed to protect what is con- sidered the largest continuous stand of maritime forest remaining on Bogue Banks. mended that the town create a sound -front. park, In the vicinity of 23rd Street; and that town officials look Into the possibility of locating a boat ramp and access facility somewhere ' near„ the B., Cameron .Langston bridge " The preliminary draft of the land - use plan should be in town commis- sioners' hands by early next month. Commissioners will review the docu- ment, 'suggesting changes, aswill the state Division of Coastal Manage ment and other state and federal: ' agencies....='. ,::.,:.,.•'i;7 By September, according to Mr! Burnett, the town should be in a post - ton to call for a public hearing on thei plan. ,o ! 1_J SECTION 7: PLAN IMPLEMENTATION 7.1 Implementation of Policies Developed In The Plan In the previous sections of this plan update, several key issues and land use policies were formulated and expressed. In this section of the plan, a description of the methods by which the Town of Emerald Isle intends to implement the policy choices is presented. Specific actions which will need to be taken are described and, wherever possible, a proposed time schedule for these necessary actions are outlined. 7.2 Summary of Policies and Implementation Schedules • Policy Statement: It is the the Town policy of of Emerald Isle to plan for the development of a central sewer system in order to protect the public health and the environment of the Town. • Implementation: The first step in the implementation of this policy will be to work in conjunction with Carteret County in the development of a countywide system of which Emerald Isle could be a part. • Schedule: Carteret County has scheduled a countywide bond referendum for February 24, 1987. • Further details concerning a schedule should follow passage of the referendum. 7-1 • Policv: It is the policy of the Town of Emerald Isle to support the development of regulations by NCDEM to protect water quality and the integrity of shellfishing waters from stormwater runoff. • Implementation: The Town must integrate the final regulations governing stormwater runoff as adopted by the Environmental Management Commission into its Drainage Master Plan and proposed stormwater control ordinance now under development. • Schedule: Prepare a Drainage Master Plan during FY-87 (July 1986 - June 1987) and integrate a response to State regulations regarding stormwater runoff. • Policv: It is the policy of the Town of Emerald Isle to provide adequate public parking facilities for day visitors within commercial zones wherever possible. • Implementation: The Town should inventory existing public parking facilities and, based on the day visitor projections presented in this plan (see Table 4.1.3), begin planning for the development of additional public parking facilities. Selection of sites for future public parking facilities should begin immediately. A study of visitor distribution from parking facilities should also be conducted. The feasibility of a central parking deck and associated jitney bus service should be explored as one alternative. If deemed necessary, some undeveloped tracts 7-2 of land may need to be rezoned commercial and buffer zones established with existing residential areas to insure adequate future facilities for day visitors. zoning changes, if required, should be proceeded by public hearings. • Schedule: Commence inventory of existing parking spaces by April 1987. Prepare a plan for future needs by December, 1987. By March, 1988 complete an analysis of site locations for future parking facilities including an economic feasibility analysis of a parking deck/jitney bus Mservice. Present results of the study to the Town Board/ Planning Board and to the public by July, 1988. • Policy: It is the policy of the Town of Emerald Isle to provide adequate public access to Bogue Sound in addition to the Atlantic Ocean. • Implementation: In this plan, additional access facilities are recommended including a public boat ramp at the Cameron Langestone Bridge Causeway. The development of these recommended facilities will require close coordination between the Town, its citizens and several State agencies. • Schedule: The development of these facilities should proceed as soon as is reasonably possible. Funds for planning and development of such facilities are available from the Division of Coastal Management. Initial studies jshould begin by July, 1987. 7-3 i • Policy: It is the policy of the Town of Emerald Isle to preserve the integrity of the maritime forest resource on Bogue Banks wherever possible but also to permit an appropriate form of development therein. • Implementation: The maritime forest area has been identified and the Town needs to put particular emphasis on the prudent development of this area. The zoning regulations have been amended to permit cluster housing in order to allow specific greenspace requirements associated with this area. Further actions are necessary to insure that all future development in this area is governed by Planned Unit Development principles. • Schedule: Implementation of this policy will follow the formal adoption of the Land Use Plan Update. Following formal adoption of the plan, the Town Planning Board should meet to discuss the further complementation of this policy (by April, 1987). • Policy: It is the policy of the Town of Emerald Isle to cooperate with the US Marine Corps in the implementation -of the Bogue Field Air Installation Compatible Use Zone (AICUZ) Plan so as to mitigate land use incompatibilities. • Implementation: As indicated in Section 3.1.1.1 above, areas which lie in AICUZ zones II-2 and II-3 should have densities and uses as as compatible possible with the AICUZ P plan. It is the Town's plan to advise future developers of the potential hazards associated with development of these areas. 7-4 1 • Schedule: Implementation of this policy will also track after the formal adoption of the Land Use Plan Update. The Town Planning Board should meet (by April 1987) and discuss how best to inform future developers of the hazards associated with the AICUZ zones. Policy: It is the policy of the Town of Emerald Isle to work cooperatively with the Bogue Banks Water and Sewer Corporation (BBWSC) to insure an adequate supply of water for future growth and development. Implementation: As indicated in Section 4.5 above, the present water system will have to be expanded to serve anticipated future demand. The Town needs to share its projections of future growth and development with the BBWSC and work cooperatively with this private utility to identify and sequester future well sites and sites for water storage. • Schedule: Following the adoption of this Plan update, the Town should meet with representatives of the BBWSC to outline a plan and written agreement for future cooperative actions (by April, 1987). The Town should request the development of a 10-year plan for future water supply be prepared by the BBWSC (by July, 1987). 7-5 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 APPENDICIES APPENDIX A: EXISTING LAND USE MAPPING UNITS AND DEFINITIONS FOR EMERALD ISLE, NORTH CAROLINA APPENDIX B: LETTER FROM ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SECTION CARTERET COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, RE: PROBLEMS WITH EXISTING SEPTIC TANKS AT EMERALD ISLE, NORTH CAROLINA APPENDIX C: DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMERALD ISLE WOODS EMERALD ISLE, NORTH CAROLINA APPENDIX D: SUMMARY OF PUBLIC MEETING HELD AT EMERALD ISLE, NC ON MARCH 51 1986 APPENDIX E: STORM HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN AND POST DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION PLAN (JUNE, 1984) APPENDIX F: EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN APPENDIX G : ADOPTED REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT COASTAL STORMWATER CONTROLS APPENDIX H: MARINA REGULATIONS ADOPTED BY NCDCM APPENDIX A EXISTING LAND USE MAPPING UNITS AND DEFINITIONS FOR EMERALD ISLE, NORTH CAROLINA iSource: Land Resources Information Service, NCDNR&CD, Raleigh, North Carolina 1 F, Mapping Units and Definitions 1. Urban or Built-up Land Urban or Built-up Land includes cities, towns, villages, strip develop- ments along highways, transportation, power and communications facilities, as well as areas occupied by shopping centers, mills,.industrial and commercial complexes. This division and its mapping units take precedence over all others when the criteria for more than one category are met. Seven categories of Urban and Built-up Land mapped at Level II, and some of these are subdivided to Level.III: 11. Residential. In many areas in North Carolina, residential land uses range from high density urban cores with multiple unit housing to low density, peripheral areas with single-family homes on large lots. However, there are no large urban areas on either the peninsula or adjacent Outer Banks. The largest town is Plymouth, in Washington County, with a population of 4,571 (1980 Census,Advance Report). On the peninsula, small residential strip developments along main roads are common, as are small housing developments and mobile home parks located near vast tracts of agricultural lands. On the Outer Banks and Roanoke Island, intensive residential develop- ment is observed in many townships. High density Mobile Home Parks and Single - unit Housing of varying types are typical of the Residential category break- down to Level III (see preceding section). Six units of residential areas. are defined for mapping on the Outer Banks at Level III: 111. Mobile Home Park 112. Single -unit Housing in Open Sand Area 113. Single -unit Housing in Grass and/or Shrub Area 114. Single -unit Housing in Forested Area 115. Area Transitional to Residential (streets and drives but no houses, etc.) 116. Single -unit Housing on Man-made Land 12. Commercial and Services. These areas are used predominantly for the sale of products and services and include urban business districts, shopping centers, commercial strip developments, and all associated buildings, drive- ways, warehouses, parking lots, landscaped areas, and waste disposal areas. Marinas and campsites are an important part of this category. Institutional land uses such as Hospitals, Schools, and Churches are also included as a further refinement in category. 53 I. On the Outer Banks, nine'units of Commercial and Services are defined for mapping at Level III: 120. Multi -unit Dwelling (including hotels, motels, apartments, and condominiums with associated restaurants and piers) 121. Fire Station and Rescue Squad 122. Police Department 123. Hospital, Clinic, or Medical Office 124. Emergency Shelter (established by the North Carolina Division Of Civil Preparedness) 125. School 126. Marina.and/or Water Access Ramp 127. Campground 128. Church 13. Industrial. This includes a wide variety of industrial land uses. Heavy industries include lumbering, concrete and septic tank manufacturing, small chemical plants, and one fish trawler and dredge manufacturer. The lum- ber and pulp industry employs more people than any other single industry.. Weyerhaeuser, located in Martin County just west of Plymouth (Washington County) employs over 2,000 people, whereas no single lumbering operation with- in the 4-county area employs more than 250 people (Directory of N. C. Manu- facturing Firms, 1979-1980). There are several light industries that design, manufacture, or assemble products including skids and pallets, wooden handles, clothing, yarn, soft drinks, and seafood products. Small industries located within more built-up areas may be difficult to separate from Residential or Commercial and Services areas. Larger industrial areas such as lumber and pulp mills, with stockpiles of raw materials, waste disposal areas, and transportation facilities are more easily visible on aerial photography. 14. Trans ortation Utilitiesi, Communications and Information. This category occurs to some extent within all other Urban and Bui t-up Land cate- gories, and within others as well. Unless they can be mapped separately at whatever scale is being employed, such land uses are usually considered an integral part of the larger category within which they are found. This cate- gory includes electric and gas utilities, airstrips, sewage treatment facili- ties, and others. Two fairly extensive areas of the Dare County mainland (approximately 7 square miles) also come under this land use category; these are the Air -Force and Navy bombinq ranges located -west -of Stumpy Point Bay. 54 j On the Outer'Banks,,six units of Transportation, Utilities, Communi- c ations and Information have been mapped at Level III: 140. Weather Station (Nat. Oceanographic and Atmospheric Admin.) 141. Electric and Gas Utility 142. Telephone Company Field Office and Microwave Tower 143. Water Supply Tower or Sewage Treatment eatment Facilities 144. Airstrip or Helicopter Pad 145. Ferry Pier 15. Industrial and Commercial Complex. This land use categoryin- cludes industria an commercialan uses tat typically occur together and are often called "Industrial Parks." Because such functions as wholesaling, warehousing, and even retai-ling often occur in the same buildings, or close by, a more inclusive title for this category was adopted. 16. Mixed Urban or BUilt-UD Land. This category is used for a mixture of Level II Ur an or ui t-up Land where individual uses cannot be separated at mapping scale. When the intermixed land use or uses total less than one- third of the particular area, the land use category appropriate to the dominant use is used. This category was not used very often in mapping the Albemarle - Pamlico peninsula, because population densities are very low. The various types of Urban or Built-up Land can usually be separated at mapping scale of 1:24,000. 17. Other Urban or Rural Built-u L s, anand. This category includes zoos, parks, cemeterie�o f courses wit in an urban or rural setting, as well as undeveloped land within an urban setting. Undeveloped land such as large recreation areas and parking areas for beach access may be under very i.nten- sive use. These areas may not contain structures, but terms such as 'vacant land' suggest a refinement in categorization that is not discernible from the aerial photography. On the mainland this category was not used very often; the most frequent usage was for small urban or rural cemeteries and occasionally for small water control structures e. however, this land use category was used�morepoftentbecause offnhigheruanks, popula- tion densities and intensive recreational usage of large open areas. map- ping units are utilized at Level III. These are: 171. Cemetery 172. Golf Course (including driving ranges/miniature o g lf) 173. Intensely Used Recreational Area (such as large parking lots for beach access, tennis courts, water slides, fishing piers, or other such facility not closely integrated into another land use category) 174. Water Control Structure 55 175. Undeveloped Land within an Urban Setting 176. National Historic Site/Monument 2. Agricultural Land This division can be broadly defined as lands used primarily for pro- ducing food and fiber. Agricultural Land has increased dramatically in the last ten years with the large scale clearing of previously wooded lands. On high altitude photography, striking geometricformd by cleared land bordered by intersecting drainage aand rtheireassociated canals roads. Medium altitude (-12,000 feet) aerial photography tinguish was used to dis- between cleared agricultural land, and cleared areas where the intended future use was unpredictable. Areas which have been planted or reveal evidence of recent tilling have been categorized as Agricultural Land. Areas that may have been cleared for intended agricultural but use at one time are no longer under cultivation and are reverting to brush, are included within Transitional Areas (76) Disrupted or Grass and/or Shrub Wetlands (614).` Near Lake Mattamuskeet, some wetlands are seeded and utilized food to produce for wild fowl. These areas are included in the Cropland and Pasture category (21). Four categories of Agricultural Land are mapped at Level II: 21. Cro land and Pasture. This category includes cultivated summer -fallow or id a croplands,land loccurred, where croprfailurechas croplands planted in soil -improvement legumes and grasses, and pasturelands. Cropland and Pastures are grouped together as one unit because a high degree of accuracy and uniformity in their separation is not possible from the aerial photographs alone. On the peninsula, First rms' land use projections for 1975-1981 Cwereytoahave indicatethat 10,000acres been cleared for pastureland and 80,000 to 100,000 acres cleared for cropland by (Coastal Zone Resources Corp. 1976). 1981 Agricultural statistics (Table 9) indicate that a total of 206,730 acres of cropland were harvested in the 1979-80 season. This figure represents a decline of 7,060 harvested acres from 1978-79. On a county -by -county basis, the harvested acreages from the 1980 season are 83,280 acres for Washington County, 77,100 acres for Hyde County, 45,440 acres for Tyrrell County, and 900 acres for Dare County. The i gross tonnage of mixed fertilizer and ferti- lizer materials shipped to the counties (Table 10) roughly parallels the distri- bution of figures reported for harvested acreage in each county. 22. Orchards, Groves Vi ne ards, Nurseries, and Ornamental Horticultural Areas. Tree nurseries ti at prove a see ings or pu p an tim er p antations are included in this category. Nurseries and horticultural areas are also included; however, where such operations may be enclosed in greenhouses, or are very small scale, they are classified under Other Agricultural Lands (24). Orchards, groves, and vineyards are not abundant in the study area. 56 ' LJ ' 23. Confined'Livestock Operations. This category includes large spe- cialized livestock production enterprises including confined beef and dairy cattle feeding operations, large poultry farms, and swine feeding operations. Tyson Carolina Farms owns and operates confined beef and swine feeding lots and pasture operations in northeast Washington County and northwest Tyrrell County. First Colony Farms has not been involved in hog raising operations since August, 1977, and by January of 1980, had ceased to own or hold leases on any cattle operations (R. E. Eiland, FCF, 1982 pers. comnun.). Livestock statistics for 1979-80 (Table 11) indicated that 166,000 hogs, 10,000 chickens, and 17,600 cattle were produced on farms on the peninsula. Washington County accounted for 68 percent of the hogs, 100 percent of the chickens and 36 per- cent of the cattle. Confined Livestock Feeding Operations generally consist of one or more long rectangular shelters, feed silos, and animal waste treatment impound- ments that are readily identifiable on medium altitude aerial photography. These areas are of particular interest because of the large concentration of organic wastes associated with confined feeding operations and the potential for these areas to become pollution point sources for nitrates and phosphates. 24. Other Agricultural Land . This category includes all agricultural land uses that are associated with the previously mentioned major categories (21, 22, and 23). It can include farmsteads, temporary holding areas for livestock, corrals, and small farm ponds. Farm ponds and other small impound- ments are simply outlined and labeled "w" (water) on both map series. For simplicity, canals and ditches constructed to drain agricultural lands are not included as part of the Land Use and Land Cover map series. These features are included as part of the Drainage and Bathymetry map series. In the study area, Other Agricultural Lands are primarily farmsteads. Aerial photographic criteria for separation of farmsteads from nonagricultural, rural residences include the presence of farms, heavy farm equipment, storage sheds, silos, and other farm outbuildings. Some error is inherent as these were not field checked. 3. Rangeland iTraditionally, rangelands have been defined as lands where the potential natural vegetation is predominantly grasses, grasslike plants, forbs, or shrubs. Most rangelands in the United States occur in the Great Plains region, from Texas north through the Dakotas. In the USGS classification system, the defini- tion of Rangeland was extended to include certain areas -in the eastern United States that are commonly called brushlands. Only one of the three categories ' described in this system is applicable to this atlas. The only Rangeland cate- gory mapped occurs on the Outer Banks. 33. Grass and/or Shrub Brushland. When more than one-third of the ground surface in a specific area is covered by herbaceous and/or shrub -brush species, it is placed within this category. Density of vegetation as well as the relative proportions of grasses and shrubs are extremely variable in this unit. »-7 On the peninsula, grass and shrub areas often occur on disturbed lands where the water table is at or near the surface for much of the year. Accord- ingly, these areas are classified as Grass and/or Shrub Wetlands (614) rather than Brushlands. On the Outer Banks, grass and/or shrub areas that occur on poorly drained soils are mapped as Intradune Complex Grass and/or Shrub Wet- lands (616). This mapping unit occurs behind the crests of the primary dunes, on droughty to moderately well -drained sands. Vegetative cover is dominated by grasses on the ocean side but grades into shrub thickets toward the sounds. The more common species include American beachgrass (Ammophilaa brevili ulata), little bluestem (Andro 0 on sco arius), sea oats (Uniola anicu ata),and running beachgrass Panicum amarum In areas more protected from —salt spray, shrubs and stunted trees such as yaupon holly (Ilex vomitoria), wax myrtle (M rica cerifera), the silverling or eastern bacc aris alimifolia), and live oa uercus vir iniana) become established. Grass an or ru Brush - land is subdivided into the following four Level III mapping units: 1) Grass -dominated (g) - Grasses form 80 percent or more of total vegetation. 2) Grass and Shrub Mixture.(gs) - Grasses make up 50 percent to 80 percent of the total vegetative cover; shrubs from 20 percent to 50 percent of the total vegetative cover. 3) Shrub -dominated (s) - Shrubs comprise from 50 percent to 80 per- cent of the total vegetative cover. 4) Shrub Thicket (st) - Dense, closely packed shrubs cover more than 80 percent of these areas. 4. Forest Land Forest Lands are stocked with trees that can be used for production of timber or other wood products. Tree -crown areal density (crown closure per- centage) is 10 percent or more. Such lands exert an influence on the climate/ water regime. In the study area, Forest Lands occur on either 'moderately to well -drained mineral soils or ditched and managed shallow organic soils. Although Forest Land generally can be identified fairly easily on high -altitude imagery, it is sometimes difficult to delineate the boundary between Forest Land and other categories of land use, particularly Forested Wetland. In an area such as the Albemarle -Pamlico peninsula, closed tree canopies generally obscure soil moisture characteristics, and other data must often be used to separate "upland" forest or managed forest (Forest Land) from Forested Wet- land. During the period between 1963 and the northeastern Coastal Plain of North 3 percent. More than half of this loss version to agricultural land, primarily 1973,'comnercial forested lands on Carolina had decreased by more than of forested areas was a result of con - in those counties south of the Albemarle 61 Sound. marily On the peninsula, the loss of commercial to a single land transaction involving a forest was attributed pri- major wood -using company. Table 11 gives the 1974 statistics for forested areas by forest type and owner- ship. More recent statistics are not available at time of writing (Spring 1982). It should be noted that some commercial forest may include areas that are mapped as Forested Wetlands (see Table 12 "*"). On the peninsula, lands that meet the requirements for Forest Land and also for the Urban or Built-up division have been included with the latter. However, on the Outer Banks, an area that meets both of these land division specifications may be given a Level III compound designation. Three types of Forest Lands are mapped at Level II: 41. Deciduous Forest Land. This category includes all non -wetland ' forested areas having a predominance of trees that lose their leaves at the end of the frost -free season. In the study area such trees would include several species of oaks ( uercus) and hickories (Carya), as well as the black cherry (Prunus serotina), tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), flowering dogwood Cornus o n a , and many others. This land cover category generally excludes areas w ere t e tupelo gum (Nyssa aquatica), black or swamp gum (N. sylvatica var. biflora), bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), or other decid- uous species more c arFi racteristic of wetland areas occur. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) may also occur with these deciduous species. Non -wetland Forest Lands dominated by deciduous species are not common in the study area. ' 42. Evergreen Forest Land. This category includes all non -wetland forested areas in which the dominant trees are those which remain green through- out the year. In the majority of such forests in the continental United States, coniferous (needleleaf) species, rather than broadleafed evergreen species, are dominant. However, Evergreen Forests in the study area include peninsular upland pine and broadleaf -evergreen dominated forest lands, managed pine plan- tations (whether on naturally or artificially drained soils), and the maritime forests of the Outer Banks. Fast-growing loblolly pine is the most important native species and is widely planted on the peninsula. In some small areas, slash pines (Pinus elliottii), a species native to more southern parts of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, have been planted. Understory subdominant deciduous species include i Southern red oak (Quer�cus falcata), beech (Fagus grandifolia), tulip poplar, flowering dogwood, and many others. In the maritime forests of the Outer Banks and in the forests on Roanoke Island, an evergreen oak species, the live oak, is often a dominant form. Other important evergreen species in the maritime forests include loblolly pine, American holly (Ilex opaca), and wild olive (Osmanthus americanus). Deciduous species include the ironwood tree (Carpinus caroliniana) and the flowering dogwood. Stands dominated by a single evergreen species more characteristic of a Swamp Forest community, such as the Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides), are grouped with Forested Wetland (see 611, 6112). Other poorly drained lands dominated by pines with a subcanopy of hardwoods or shrubs are also grouped with Forested Wetland (see 611, 6113, 615). 62 43. Mixed Forest Land. This category includes all non -wetland areas where both evergreforested en and deciduous pre- trees are growing and neither dominates. When more than one-third intermixture of either evergreen deciduous or species occurs in a specific area, that land is placed in this cate- gory. Areas of this forest category occur primarily in the western part of the peninsula and are not extensive. Species include lobloll upland hardwoods, such as the whit(! oak ( uercus alba), the Soutthernand and hickories such as the redR1oak mockernut: (C�aryaa to mentosa Species composition varies widely dependino on site conditions—. 5. Water , There are no categories of Water (5) labeled with numbers on any of the map series. Larger water bodies (sounds, lakes, ' rivers, and streams) are labeled by name on the topographic quadrangles (base maps). Small impound- ments ponds are labeled "w" on the overlays if these are not present on the ap base maps. Canals, ditches, and channeled portions of streams are included on the Drainage and Bathymetry map series. This was done because the com- plexity of the artificial drainage systems would have obscured other land use and cover categories if it had been included. 6. Wetland A Wetland is defined as an area where the water table is at, near, or above the ground surface for a significant , part of most years. The hydrologic regime is such that a variety of aquatic or hydrophytic vegetation, or water - tolerant woody vegetation, is usually established, although Nonvegetated Wetlands (e.g., tidal flats, etc.) represent another variation. Wetlands are generally associated with topographic lows or depressions and along estuarine located are shorelines, margins of streams, or floodplains of rivers. However, in the study area, ' pocosins are very prevalent wetland ecosystems. They are dominated by species of shrubs and characteristically contain pine (Pinus pond serotina) as the only well -established tree species. Pocosins occur on peat "domes" that have built sequently up in blocked stream valleys and sub- Otte 1981)have spread over adjacent interstream divides (Ingram and Otte 1982; Recent panchromatic aerial photography,' l areas inventory maps (McDonald and Ash 981), and North CarolinaCDivisiontofaForestry Pre -Attack Maps provided the primary sources of information for distinction Wetlands from ' of other vegetative cover. Detailed soil surveys provided supple- mental information helpful in identifying and classifying Wetland areas. Wetlands drained for any purpose are categorized according to their intended use. Where the future use cannot be anticipated, these areas are classified as Transitional Areas (76). Wetlands managed for waterfowl food production are included in the Cropland and Pasture (21)category. If drained and managed former wetland is allowed to return to its natural fication reverts to the Wetland state, classi- division. 64 1 1 In the USGS classification system, there are two categories of Wetland at Level II: 61. Forested Wetland. This category is.dominated by woody vegetation and includes a diverse number of community types. Forested wetlands are mapped at Level III, and in two instances, at Level IV. A natural areas inventory of Tyrrell County by McDonald and Ash (1981) provided the basis for the classification system developed for Forested Wetland. III: Four mapping units- of Forested Wetland are defined for use -at Level 611. Swamp Forest. These Wetlands occur on the floodplains of the major rivers and streams, as well as on interior portions of the peninsula where the underlying soil is transitional between that of moderately well drained agricultural soils and very poorly drained organic soils. Many different community types occur within the Swamp Forest mapping unit, includ- ing gum -cypress or cypress -gum swamps, mixed hardwood bottomland swamps, Atlantic white cedar swamps, and various community types that include loblolly pine as a dominant species. Cypress -gum swamps occur on nearly continuously flooded deep organic soils. The largest expanse of such Swamp Forest occurs on the south shore of the Albemarle Sound in Washington County. Black gum becomes more dominant on sites with a shorter hydroperiod. Under normal conditions the water table is at or above the soil surface from November to April. Mixed -hardwood bottomland swamps occur along rivers or streams on land that is usually flooded only seasonally, usually in late winter and early spring. Red maple, hickory, water ash (Fraxinus carolineana), and a very diverse assemblage of hardwoods are part of this type of Swamp Forest. Stands of almost pure Atlantic white cedar will grow on deep, wet organic soils where water, does not stand for appreciable periods of time. In the study area, particularly in eastern Tyrrell County, hundreds of acres of such forest have been clear cut. In one stand of cedar, just west of Frying Pan Lake, black gum is the dominant subcanopy species (McDonald and Ash 1981). Atlantic white cedar is thus a part of several Swamp Forest community types, and also occurs, to a much lesser extent, in Evergreen Wetlands. In some more interior portions of the mainland, particularly in Dare County, the Swamp Forest also includes the "High Brush" or "High Brush Swamps" that occur on shallow organic soils (North Carolina Forestry Service Pre -Attack maps). These areas have a solid canopy of pine and hardwoods, including black gum and some red maple. Gallberry (Ilex spp.), Titi or swamp cyrilla (C. racemiflora), and fetter -bushes Lyonia spp., Leucothoe racemosa) are common understory species. Many of these areas would be considered ins in transition" by some workers (Richardson et al. 1981, Otte 1981�ocos . On the Outer Banks, some areas of Swamp Forest occur on shallow organic soils in troughs and depressions between forested dunes or between the forested 65 dunes and back island marshes. Dominant vegetation includes bald cypress, sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), black gum, red maple, and also way myrtle and other small trees and shrubs. Many mapped areas as 611 are dominated by gum or cypress and gum depend- ing on age since last logging. However, it should be emphasized that the Swamp Forest is a broad map unit and includes many different community types. It was possible in many areas to differentiate between swamp forest composed primarily of Atlantic white cedar and mixed pine -hardwood swamp forest. However, in other areas, it was not possible to subdivide this mapping unit using the aerial panchromatic transparencies. Only two swamp forest types are separated at Level IV: 6112. The Atlantic White Cedar Swamp Forest -- is a Swamp Forest with 50 percent or greater dominance of Atlantic white cedar. Less dense stands are simply mapped as Swamp Forest (611). 6113. The Pine -Hardwood Swamp Forest -- usually occurs in low-lying interior areas on the peninsula that are slightly better drained than the cypress -gum type of Swamp Forest. Pine -Hardwood Swamps usually occur on very poorly drained mineral soils, mineral soils with a thin organic layer, or shallow organics with sandy subsoils. However, from November to April, the water table is still at, or near, the surface. Dominant species in these Forested Wetlands are loblolly pine, which comprise the canopy, with a sub - canopy of water -tolerant hardwoods such as black gum, sweet gum,and red maple (McDonald and Ash 1981). On the Outer Banks, Pine -Hardwood Swamp Forest may occur on very poorly to poorly drained sandy soils, on flats or in depressions between forested dunes. The water table is at or near the surface during wet seasons. Areas adjacent to the sounds are occasionally flooded by wind tides. 614. Grass Cane and/or Shrub Wetland. These Wetlands have an extremely high dominance (90 percent) of reedy grasses and/or low, woody brush vegeta- tion. The more important species include the reedy grass called switch cane (Arundinaria i antea) and shrubs such as gallberry, zenobia (Z. ulverulenta), se an swamp cyrl�tunted pond pines ma�imesalso reeeatedly), orMost have hadethe areas have been logged, burned over (some p natural: stands of pond pine destroyed by storm flooding. Some areas mapped as 614 were clear cut in recent years and ditched for agricultural purposes but have since been abandoned. At mapping scale it was not always possible to separate areas that are dominated by reedy grasses from those dominated by shrubs. If data were available to separate large areas of grass from shrubs, those areas are labeled on the map overlay. These areas are grouped with Forested Wetlands because of the usual abun- dance of woody vegetation. Most of these areas are originally Evergreen Wetland (615) but are placed within this mapping unit because they have been altered in some way, disrupting several succession and ecosystems processes (hydrologic flux). They may revert to the pocosin (Evergreen Wetland) ecosystem if no further disruptions occur. The use of this category was necessary to indicate extent of such areas at time of mapping. This type of disrupted wetland would be considered a "pocosin in transition". by Richardson et al. (1981). 615. Evergreen . .. ergreen Wetland. This wetland usually occurs on organic soil and is characterized by a very thick to impenetrable shrub layer. Though the community composition can vary considerably, the most important species in- clude pond pine, swamp cyrilla, zenobia (honeycup), gallberry, loblolly bay (Gordonia lasianthus), sweet bay (Ma nolia virginiana), red bay (Persea borbonia , wax myrtle, and other broadleaf evereens. Abundant rgAtlantic white cedar and bald cypress are not part of the natural vegetation, although both species occur within the Evergreen Wetland. This category would include those areas variously referred to as pocosins or shrub bogs including pond pine woodlands, bay forests, and pond pine forests, as well as high (tall) and low (short) pocosins. Terminology used in describing Evergreen Wetlands is very variable,and no one system of terminology is universally accepted. ' Evergreen Wetlands 615 i(,. ) were refined to Level IV by subdividing into four mapping units. h. C. Forestry Pre -Attack maps, a Tyrrell County national areas inventory (McDonald and Ash 1981), and aerial photographs. were used to select these units: 6151. The High Pocosin -- occurs on shallow organic soils, usually 18-24 inches in depth, and has a dense, rather solid canopy of pond pines that may reach 20 to 25'feet in height, sometimes with some larger loblolly bays and red bays. The average height of the shrub canopy is nearly 14 feet; swamp cyrilla, zenobia, loblolly bay, and gallberry are among the more abun- dant species (N. C. Forestry Pre -Attack maps). 6152. The Dense Low Pocosin -- usually occurs on organic soils exceed- ing 24 inches in depth. Shrubs have a closely spaced growth habit and average about 4 feet in height. The canopy of short (10-12 feet or less) pond pines may be less scattered than in the Open Low Pocosin but is still open. Occa- sional clumps of loblolly bay are present. Swamp cyrilla is the most abundant shrub. Gallberry (ti35 percent) is usually more abundant than in the Open Low Pocosin (N. C. Forestry Pre -Attack Maps). The Dense Low Pocosin is the broadest mapping category in terms of variability of the thickness of the pine canopy, but shrub growth is consistently dense. 6153. The Open, Low Pocosin -- usually occurs on organic soils exceed- ing 24 inches in depth. The canopy of short pond pines is much more scattered than 'in the Dense Low Pocosin. The most important shrubs are swamp cyrilla (ti60 percent) and fetter -bushes (ti40 percent). Lesser species include gall - berry, zenobia, leather -leaf (Cassandra calyculata), and sheep laurel (Kalmia an ustifolia var. caroliniana)-.—P-lants are scattered and average 3 feet in height N. C. Forestry Pre -Attack maps). 6154. The mature BayForest -- is a rare community type in the state. Only one example, Buck Island Bay Forest, located just west of Grapevine Bay ' on the Alligator River in Tyrrell County, has been documented in the study area (McDonald and Ash 1981), although others may exist. This type of remote and relatively undisturbed Evergreen Wetland may be a last holdout for black bear in the State. This Bay Forest has a thick canopy of tall pond pines (ti50 feet), with many large loblolly bays, some red maples and red bays. 67 i LJ The dense shrub layer is made up'of sweet gallberry (Ilex cariacea), male - berry (L onia li ustrina), fetter -bush (L. lucida), and sparkleberry (Vaccinium cor bosum); sweet gallberry and fetter -bush dominate. The soils are deep or- ganics >5 feet). Such systems are fire controlled and for the canopy to have reached such size, it seems likely that no fires have occurred in the area for at least 60 years (C. B. McDonald, pers. commun.). ' This type of Evergreen Wetland would probably be called a "pond pine forest" by some workers (Otte 1981) and might also be better referred to as a "bay pocosin" (C. B. McDonald, 1982, pers. commun.) The tendency of workers to use names that omit the 'Evergreen Wetland' connotation often makes data correlations difficult. 616. Intradune Complex Grass and/or Shrub Wetland. These Wetlands occur on the Outer Banks in usually small areas of poorly drained fine sandy soils in level to slightly depressional flats behind or within the dune com- plex. During wet seasons, the water table may be above the ground surface. During dry periods, it may drop more than 2 feet beneath the surface. If these areas are close to the ocean, they are usually vegetated by dense stands of saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens) with an occasional wax myrtle. As the distance from ocean spray increases, less salt -tolerant grasses and sedges occur, along with vines such as greenbrier (Smilax bona-nox) and Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) and shrubs such as eastern baccharis, wild olive, red bay, and others. This is a very inclusive mapping unit. Although some of these areas , have dense stands of cordgrass and little else, they are included in this category because separation from shrub -dominated areas at mapping scale is ' not feasible. These areas are grouped with Forested Wetlands because of the usual abundance of woody vegetation. 62. Nonforested Wetland. These areas are dominated by herbaceous, ' wetland vegetation hydrophytes) or are nonvegetated. Such Wetlands include, but are not limited to, tidal and nontidal fresh, brackish, and salt marshes, as well as nonvegetated sand and mud flats. , Three mapping units of Nonforested Wetlands are defined for use at Level III: 621. Freshwater Marshes. These marshes occur around the edges of lakes, ponds, and along some creeks and streams, upstream from the influence of .tides and salinity. These occur on both the Outer Banks and the mainland. In these ' marshes, the dominant emergents are usually the cattails (Typha spp.), asso- ciated with bulrushes (Scir us spp.), arrow arum (Peltandra virginica), as well as a reedy grass (Phra mites communis), rushes (juncus �. saw grass (Cladium jamaicense), and giant cordgrass (Spartinaina cynosuroides). 622. Salt or Brackish Marshes. Salt or Brackish Marshes fringe large portions of the eastern and southern shores of Dare and Hyde Counties 68 1 and are also found along portions of the sound side of the Outer Banks. Some small areas of regularly flooded Salt Marshes are found in the. southern part of the peninsula, along the back sine of the barrier islands in the vicinity of ocean inlets. Irregularly flooded Salt or Brackish Marshes are dominated by such narrow - leaved emergents as black needlerush (Juncus roemerianus), saltmeadow cordgrass, and salt grass (Distichlis s icata). Regularly flooded Salt Marshes are dominated by smooth cordgrass S a te artina rnifIora). 623. Nonvegetated Flats. These areas of sand, silt, or mud occur spo- radically along the margins of some estuaries, lakes, and creeks. Such irregularly flooded Nonvegetated Flats are also found behind the barrier strand on southern Ocracoke and Bodie Islands, and to a lesser extent along the southeast margin of the peninsula. Many are too small to be mapped at a scale of 1 inch = 2,000 feet. 7. Barren Land Barren Land is comprised of lands with limited capacity for supporting life. Barren Lands include beaches, dunes, and other sandy areas, as well as borrow pits, active peat mining areas, landfills, and other lands in transition from one land use category to another. Sandy regions that have more than one-third of the surface area covered by vegetation are mapped in the appropriate land cover category. Wet, nonvegetated barren areas are mapped as Nonvegetated Flats (623). Land may appear barren because of man's activities. When the future use Of such a piece of land can reasonably be inferred from the available data sources, the Barren Land category is not used. However, when future usage cannot be deter- mined, inferential errors may be reduced by use of this category. Four types of Barren Land are mapped at Level II. The se are: 72. Beaches. On the mainland part of the study area, most Beaches that ' occur along the shorelines of the rivers and estuaries are too small to be mapped at a scale of 1:24,000. However, vast expanses of Beaches occur on the ocean side of the barrier island system. 73. Sandy Areas Other Than Beaches. is not utilized. However, on the Outer ere,arehabundantndunes�thattforrmy Banks ththe most significant part of this category. However, when dunes, sandy ridges, or flats have more than one-third of the land area covered by trees, shrubs, or grasses, they are mapped in the appropriate Forest Land, Rangeland, or Wetland category. 'Only largely nonvegetated sandy areas are mapped in this category. 75. Borrow Pits and Mines. Both on the mainland and on the barrier island system there are re ative y sma 1 areas (generally less than 0.2 square kilometer) where sand or other materials, sometimes shell, have been extracted from the ground for roadbuilding or other purposes. Inactive and unreclaimed pits are also included in this category. Unused flooded pits are, however, labeled "w" (water). 69 The only other lands that fall into this category are peat mining areas on the mainland. Permits for these peat mining operations have been issued for slightly more than 16,000 acres, but less than 400 acres have been actively mined. These permits have been issued to First Colony Farms for 15,012 acres near Lake Phelps in Washington, Tyrrell, and Hyde Counties (only 300 acres have been actively mined) (R. E. Eiland, FCF, 1982, pers. commun.); to American Peat Company for 98 acres south of Pungo Lake in Hyde County; and to Peat Fuels, Inc. for 708 acres near the Pungo National Wildlife Refuge in northwestern Hyde County. One additional peat mining permit is pending. Whitetail Farms is seeking a permit to mine 7,020.8 acres in western Hyde County near the Intracoastal Waterway. Lantern Acres, Inc. was seeking a permit to mine 650 acres in west central Tyrrell County, but this permit application has now lapsed (Jim Smith, 1982, pers. commun.)., 76. Transitional Areas. This category is intended for use when an area is in transition from one and use or land cover category to another. Large areas of forest and evergreen wetlands have been -cleared for agricultural or other purposes on the Albemarle -Pamlico peninsula. In this report, future land use has been interpreted or predicted wherever reasonably possible, and category 76 was reserved for use only for those cleared or open lands that could not be immediately transferred to another category. Some large areas of category 76 are surrounded by both agricultural fields and managed forestlands. Because future use of these lands could not be adequately determined from the available photography or other data sources, and field checking was not feasible, these areas were placed in category 76. Small areas of this category occur far more frequently than large areas; such small areas are often associated with urban or other construction sites and with landfills or spoil dumps. Sometimes a dual designation such as 76/6153 is used. This indicates that an area of cleared land (76) is recovering pocosin characteristics but was still in a transition phase at the time that the aerial photographs used in updating were taken. If, on the other hand, these numbers had been reversed (6153/76), this would indicate that an area of pocosin land (6153) was in a process of transition (being cleared, ditched, or altered in some way) at the time the aerial photographs were taken. -1-1 Lqr��P;1� 70 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 APPENDIX B LETTER FROM ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SECTION CARTERET COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT REGARDING PROBLEMS WITH EXISTING SEPTIC TANKS AT EMERALD ISLE, NORTH CAROLINA i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 APPENDIX C DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMERALD ISLE WOODS EMERALD ISLE, NORTH CAROLINA Source: Fussell, J and J. Wilson 1980. Reconnaissance Survey of the Ecological and Geomorphic Resources of Prinicpal Natural Areas In Carteret County, North Carolina. A Report to the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program. n Emerald Isle Woods ' Name of Area: Emerald Isle, west end of Bogue Banks, N.C. Location Description: Approximately 6 mile west of the B. Cameron Langston Bridge on the north and south sides of "Coast Guard ' Road". The site is immediately west of the electrical sub- station. See Map 19 Topographic Quadrangle Map Reference: Swansboro Ownership Information: (See map 20) Richard M. White Emerald Isle Developer Lewis R. Holding Emerald Isle Developer James A. Singleton Singleton Realty Emerald Isle Report Prepared by: Jeannie Wilson and John 0. Fussell, III Other Persons Knowledgeable about Site: Nora Murdock, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Asheville, N.C. Dave Rackley, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Raleigh, N.C. Kathryn Henderson, The Nature Conservancy, Chapel Hill, NC Current Use and Protection Status: Currently, the.forest is in an undisturbed and relatively pristine state on the north side of the road. The only signs of human activity here are foot paths that meander through it, some trash and signs of raccoon hunting. The major and most obvious threat to the area is plans for residential development. Land is now for sale near the electric substation and roadways have been cut through the forest to the ocean on the south side of the road. 11 ' - 150 - a v-,; Pt Ennett (c) Fout 3 k 777 ,:;7 ight WAT 6 Spo;l Area -4 Ush't SM .7 6 Spoil.. Are 6 y j X� 14ud c G11" 77 Bo 'Ps Dur'. 5 F set. oast uu rd23 25 b 24 io NLET 43 23 34 rf 25. rf 40 MAP 19: EMERALD ISLE WOODS 44 35 308�r alb 12 570 000 FEET SCALE 1:24000 If it becomes inevitable that development will proceed over the entire area, plans should be made to protect as much of the ' natural features as possible. These natural features include large 50' relict dunes, Swale ponds, large trees, and large pri- mary and secondary dunes. Many of the swale ponds are already being filled in on the south side of the road. ' Developers are considering leaving some of the forest on the north side of the road as a greenway area. Vegetation and Plant Communities: This tract of land is essentially a transect of a barrier island. Large sand dunes (to 35' in ele- vation) including shifting dunes and stabilized dunes are present near the ocean. The stabilized primary dunes are dominated by ' Sea oats (Uniola paniculata). The shifting dunes do not have any vegetation cover. The swale between the primary and secondary' dune contains a shrub thicket of predominantly wax myrtle (Myrica ' cerifera), cottonbush (Baccharis halimifolia) and yaupon (Ilex vomitoria). The vegetation cover of the secondary dune is a shrub thicket with dwarf live oak (Quercus virginiana) and many herbaceous species. The live oaks only reach 3' in height due ' to high winds and salt spray pruning. There is an abrupt transition into maritime forest behind ' these high dunes. This maritime forest is unique because of its undisturbed state, the unusually high dune ridges (to 50') and high species diversity relative to its proximity to the ocean. The dominant tree species are laurel oak, red maple, american holly, red cedar, loblolly pine, red bay.and ironwood. Many species of shrubs, vines and herbs are also present. Species diversity of plants and animals is high at Emerald Isle because of the forest size and stability. ' Large swale ponds occur between the dune ridges. These are freshwater ponds containing many aquatic species such as duckweed (Spirodela and Wolffiella), frog's bit (Limnohium spongia), ' hornwort Ceratophyllum demersum), bur -reed Sparganium americanum) and cat -tail (Tynha latifolia The ponds serve as gathering areas for many animal species as well. On the north side of the island along Bogue Sound is a thin ' margin of salt marsh, dominated by Spartina alterniflora and Juncus roemerianus. An extensive patchy salt marsh is present ' throughout this portion of Rogue Sound. Tax clap Book WO-35 Logue Sound I I Salt Marshes f � I I I ( Electric I Substation Parcel I 7 I Parcel 5 � I I I Parcel 3 88.4 I acres 197 acres j I approx. 98 acres `James A. Singleton Richard M: White Ownership ' II Information I$ 166,000 I Parcel 6 I $ 174,000 IParcel 4 not Available ` 188.4 acres I IOwnershi I Lewis R. Hold ng I Information , 1 I not not f I 166,000 I I iApprox. 104 4cres Atlantic Ocean MAP 20: OWNERSHIP MAP OF EMERALD ISLE NATURAL AREA Note: Figures represent tax evaluations. 154 _ Physical Features: ' This section of the barrier island of Bogue Banks is about 3/4 mile wide and is oriented in an east -west direction. Consequently, southwest winds have contributed to the formation of dunes oriented -in an east -west to southwest -northeast ' direction. The dunes range from 10'to 50' in elevation. Between a number of the larger dunes are swale ponds. The island is somewhat protected from the strong north ' winds of winter due to the presence of land north of the island. ' In contrast, Core Banks (Cape Lookout National Seashore) has small unstable dunes due to its north -south orientation and exposure to both northerly and southerly winds. Protection ' from wind is significant in the formation of large stable dunes and a maritime forest. Therefore, only a few barrier ' islands in North Carolina have extensive maritime forests. ' Rare Plants and Animals: Plants: none ' Reptiles• Atlantic loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta caretta ' Endangered occasionally nests on the beach American alligator Alligator mississippiensis Endangered possibly occurs here (present in Roosevelt ' Natural Area) Birds: ' Red -shouldered hawk Buteo lineatus Threatened probably nests within area ' Merlin Falco columbarius Threatened fall transient Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus Endangered fall transient - 155 - Current use and protection status: Currently, the forest is in an undisturbed and relatively pristine state on the north side of the road. The only signs of human activity here arefoot paths that meander through it, some trash and signs of raccoon hunting. A stgel trap was seen as well as the use of a crab pot with a caci of sardines as bait. The crab pot had a dead opossum in it! (Human creativity never ceases to amaze us!). Several hollow trees had been cut (Laurel oaks) indicating that a hunted raccoon had been there. Apparently, raccoon skins are bringing good prices, according to a Fish and Wildlife game warden who was trying to catch a hanter-.in .ithe Roosevelt Natural Area. The major and most obvious threat to the area is plans for residential development. Land is now for sale near the electric substation and roadways have been cut through the forest to the ocean on the south side of the road (see photo). if it becomes inevitable that development will proceed over the entire area, plans should be made to protect as much of the natural features as.possible. These natural features include large 50' relict dunes, swale ponds, large trees,and large primary and secondary dunes: Many of the Swale ponds are already being filled in on the south side of the road. Developers are considering leaving some of the forest on the north side of the road as a greenway area. - 156 - ' Publications and Scientific References: Au, Shun -Fun. 1974. Vegetation and Ecological Processes on Shackleford Banks, N.C. National Park Service Scientific Monograph Series No. 6. Cooper, John E., S.S. Robinson, J.E. Funderburg.(Eds). 1977. Endangered and Threatened Plants and Animals of North Carolina. N.C. Museum of Natural History, Raleigh. ' Fussell, John 0. III. 1974. Vascular Plants of Roosevelt Natural State Parks Area. Unpublished report for the Division of & Community* and Recreation. N.C. Dept of Natural Resources Development. Fussell, John 0. III. 1978. Bogue Banks Study, Bogue Banks, N.C: Annotated lists A Description of Vegetative Communities and of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Endangered and Threatened Species. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Raleigh. Godfrey, P.J. and M.M. Godfrey. 1976. Barrier Island Ecology N.C. of Cape Lookout National Seashore and Vicinityl 9. National Park Service Scientific Monograph Series No. Turner.7Ho Pilkey, O.H.Jr., O.H. PilkyhandbooktoBoeBanks N.C.N.C. an island, A live with Dept. of Natural Resources and Community Development, Raleigh Pilkey, O.H. Jr., W.J. Neal and O.H. Pilkey Sr. 1978. From Currituck to Calabash, Living with North Carolina's Barrier Islands. N.C. Scientific and Technical Res. Center. Research Triangle Park, -Raleigh, N.C. Radford, A.E., H.E. Ahles and C.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. UNC press, Chapel Hill. 1 157 _ Evaluation of Ecological Signifi cance: , Bogue Banks is one of the few barrier islands in North 'time forests. It is also one of. Carolina with extensive marl the more stable barrier islands in terms of shifting patterns andvegetation, thus lending itself -to more development. Becaus of heavy development on the'island, the forest has become a sanctuary for animals at the west end of the island. �. An unusual significant feature of the area are the 50' relict dunes which are forested with a mature maritime forest. The large dunes form a protective barrier which allows for the colonization of many plant species which results in a more stablized barrier island. Due to this protection, the forest provides a habitat for plants and animals that normally cannot survive in such close proximity to the ocean. Several rare and endangered animals occur in this area that are worthy of mention. The Atlantic loggerhead turtle lays eggs on the beaches from June through August. The brown pelican and the peregrine falcon are transient through the area. The red -shouldered hawk probably.nests in the area. The american alligator may possibly occur in the area, as they have been seen in the Roosevelt Natural Area. A question necessary to.consider is whether this area is unique or different from other maritime forests in the area, such as Bear Island (Hammocks Beach State Park), Shackleford Banks (part of Cape Lookout National Seashore) and the Roosevelt Natural Area. The dunes are much higher at Emerald Isle than they are in the other forests. The forest see�:s to be more stable on Emerald Isle, meaning that it is a larger forested area, unstable dunes are not rapidly encroaching on the forest, and the sound is not rapidly eroding the north shoreline. Shackleford forest is being eroded at an alarming rate on the nor``_-. side. Also, grazing by feral animals has reduced the undergrow_ —, to nearly nothing. The Bear Island forest is rapidly being covered b a very large moving dune. The forest in the Roosevelt co y Y _ Natural Area is very similar to Emerald Isle, although the dunes do not reach that elevation. In our opinion, Emerald Isle is a significant area, not only for Carteret County, but for the state of North Carolina. 159 - Management Recommendations: We feel that the Emerald Isle Woods and the adjacent sea oats dunes - together comprising a complete ocean to sound transect of approximately 500 acres - is worthy of preservation. The total extent of maritime forest on the North Carolina coast (and especially Bogue Banks) is rapidly decreasing due to human and the Emerald Isle Woods is an excellent example development . of maritime forest. It has a very high plant and animal species diversity and possibly the largest trees and greatest structural diversity of any maritime forest in North Carolina. It certainly has a great deal of esthetic appeal, especially in the areas where relict beach ridges 40 feet and higher alternate with swale ponds. This area also supports several species that are endangered, threatened', or of special concern. Any degree of human development is inconsistent with the ecological values of the Emerald Isle Woods area. Development would result in the canopy.being broken, and thus the forest is no longer a forest. Wide roadways running perpendicular to the beach would channel in salt spray and drying winds. Development would require the fillingin of the swale-ponds and development would involve some degree of bulldozing of the forested relict dunes. H abitat for many species would be lost,_and this would be especially true for the rarer species. Of course, development pressure on this area is high, especially on the area south of the road. However, development pressure would be less on the approximately 200 acres that are. of the road. This area is further from the ocean, has north . the highest relict ridges, has the most swale ponds, and it abuts marshes rather than deep water. Thus development might not proceed here for 3 or 4 years. The preservation of the 200 acres north of the road would not be as desirable as the preservation of the entire 500 acres, but it would save the best -developed area of forest, a large number of species, and the most prominent area of relict .beach ridges and swales. If the entire 500 acres were acquired for preservation, then steps would have to be taken to protect the dune areas, as from 160 _ Off Road Vehicles, etc. However, forest areas would probably little protection from human disturbance, especi very y al;. if residents of adjacent areas are relatively affluent or retirees. 1 f 1 - 161 - 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 Flora Species List: Beach and Dunes Trees Juniperus virginiana Red Cedar Laurel cherry Prunus carolini�ana Live oak Quercus virginiana Toothache, tr(":! Xanthoxylum clava-herculis Herculi_s club) Shrubs: Baccharis halimifolia Croton punctatus Ilex voniitoria *iyrica cerifera Vines: Ampelopsis arborl'auefolia Parthenocissus q " q Passiflora lutea Plius radicans I:ubus triviall.s Smilax laurifolia Strophostyles hclvola Vitis rotundifolka Groundsel true, Cottonbush Croton Yaupon Wax myrtle peppervine Virginia creeper I'assinn flower Poison ivy Dewberry Bamboo ville Wild bean Muscadine grape Herbs'. Seabeach amaranth Amaranthus pumilus Sea rocket Cakile edeiztula ,s Chenopodium ambro.,.3 � :texican tea Daisy fleabane Erigeron canadensis Euphorbia polygonifolia Seaside spurge Gaillard�ia Gaillardia pul.chella subaxillaris Camplhorw(� .d Ileterotheca 1'enaywort Hydrocotyle bonariensis wort P�ppeY Igor an'd Lepidium viri.nic:um C�1pc.w_ e 'slinpia nodiflora Evenint; primrose Ocnothera .liumifusa maritima GroSSeasidee Physalis viscosa ssp. goldenrod Solidago sempervirens Cran,inoids Little blue stem Andropogon scoparius panic grass Panicum spp• Saltuieadow hay Spartina patens SL!a oats Uniola r-aniculata 1 162 Swale Ponds Troes : Cornus stricta (edge) Swampdogwood Salix caroliniann Carolina wi?lOw Shrubs: Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush Vines: Cuscuta sp. Dudder Rhus radicans Poison ivy llu rbs . Amaranthus cannabinus Wat^_r hemp Ceratophyllum demersum Decodon verticillatus Hornwort Water wi .low, oost,srri l� Ga l i aim ldsp idulum Bc.ds traw ltydrocotyle verticillata Pennywor. t Limnobium spongia Frog's bit Ludwigia palustris Ludwigia Polygonum hydropipero ides var. opelousanum Knot wecd Rumex vertic i.11atus SwatTip dock Spirodcla polyrrhiza Spirodela, DmA,,weed Idol f f is l la f loridana Duckweed Grami •Zoids : Carcx comoba ":Eleochar.is baldwinii Carex Spiko rush Sparganium amoricanum Bur -reed Cat -tail Typha latifolia Ferns: Thel.yptcris palustris mare-}, corn J IJ �r -163- Maritime Forest 'I'ruos: Acer rubrum Carpinus car.olinianus Carya glabra C:ornus f lur i.da C. sLricLa Ilex opaca Juniperus virginiana Liquidambar styraciflud Magnolia vir-inzana Nyssa sylvatica Osrtanthus americana Persea borbonia Pinus Laeda Qtiercus laurifolia (2. virginiana Salix caroliniana Sassafras albidum stir tlbs : Aralia spinosa Euonyrmus americanus 11amamel is virginiana llyh�:ricuut hypiri.coidcs I1cx glabra 1. v0mi for in Lyonia lucid, myrica cerifera Prunus caroliniana Rhus copallina Vaccinium arboreum V. atrocossum V. tenellum Yucca gloriosa Vines: Red maple Ironwood Pignut hickory I.,lowel-ing dogwood Swamp dogwood Anmeric,zn 11011Y Iced cedar Sweet igum sweet bay Black gum Wild olive (large Red bay Loblolly Pine Laurel oak Live oak Carolina willow Sassafras (large Ampelopsis arborea Berchemia scandens Gelsemium semper.virens Parthenocissus quitiquefolia Rltus radlcans Rebus trivialis Smilax auriculata S. bona-nox S. glauca S. laurifolia S. rotundifolia Vitis rotundifolia Hercules club Strawberry hush Wi tch hazel St. John's %voct Inkberry, bitter Yaupon Fetterbush Wax myrtle Carolina cherry Winged sumac Sparkieberry to to" diam) to to" diam) ;al1berry Black llighbush blueberry 1) lueberr. y Yucca Peppervine Rattan vine Yellow Jessamine Virginia creeper Poison i\'y D4wberry Greenbr, i ar , Ca tbr. iar Greenbriar., Gatbriar Greenbriar, catbriar Baniboo vine Grectibriar, Catbriar Muscadine grape I - 164 - Epiphytes: Phoradendron serotinum Tillandsia usneoides Herbs: Arisaema triphyllum Aureolaria virgi_nica Conopholis americana Decodon vertic illatus Gal.ivar hispi.(iull.IIII Hydrocotyle verti.cillatus Lemna perpusilla Limnobium spongi.a Mitchella repens Monotropa uniflora Spiranthes vernnlis Ti.pularia discolor Graminoids : Carex comp: a C. lupulina Cyi-orus sPP Panicum commatotus Pan LCIIIII ';pp- Sc i.rpus cypor inns S. validus Uniola laxa Ferns: M.is tletoe Spanish nw:is Jack -in -tire -pulpit False foxglove Squaw root Wa for loose:. tr i. fe lard:: t i .,w PennywDrt Du:-kweod Frog's bit Pnrtridge berry Indian pipe Spring ladiies tresoos Crane fly orch-i d Carex C:arox Cyperus P.,nic grass Pnr;i.c ;i:issos Sci.i-pus c irpus ( niola Asplenium platyneuron Ebony spleenwort Botrychium dissectum Common orapefern Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis Royal. fern Polypodium polypodioides Resurrection fern Ptrridiurl aquilinum I;racken fern Woodwardia areolat.1 Hotted Chain Caren Salt :Marsh Shrubs: Baccharis halimifolia Borrichia trutescens Herbs: Aster subulnUis Lirioniuri carol inialtunl S.�1id:lbo sempervirens Groundsel t-rne, Cotton l)u-3ti Sea oxeye :Marsh as for Sea lavend.Ir Seaside goldcnrod 11 L 11 I l 1 _ 165 _ C:•amino i.ds Ely.,ll►s vir"inicus Firlbristylis spadicea Juncos roonicr innus 11a11 iculn vi rs.;r.ltIlm opir.tina alterniflor.a t'e'lls FauTia Species List Amphibians: -.Eastern spadefoot toad Southern toad ,reert trout rob :,-Juirrcl Eastern treefrob narrow-mot►thed >out o.rn Leopard frog la'p t i l �s .';*Aal,.,ric.,!n alligator ppitig turtle L•'astem mud turtle *Easterli box turtle Northern diamondback *y.jlow-bellied turtle ''.:atlantic loggerhead t Grt:.,'n ant.)1` Six-liiwd racerunn.:c' *Ground skink. ,'-S.E. Five-1.;.i1ed skink ?:astern gla:,s lizard Ba►Idc.d water shake . ::Eastern ribbon snake Eastern honnose snaki. **Pine wuods :make Nerthorn blacl< racer ' t o Fi.mbr.i.stylis Black need 1 c.,rush i'an is gr. as:- Sa Lt ❑ulr:;h : curd bras, Bait 11ic�:i.lolti flay Scol;llio�u:; i.ol.br;oki. hol.brooki liufl) terre:,tri:; Ily1a cin��c:cl !lyla ,;qui_rrrlla toad Ga trophryn:� cared i,l� nsis ram:=ina utriculuria All i.,ntar mi si. s i 1�I;i.t nsJA Chc lvdr�l sr r1�::►,t ina st�r�,�►I t i na Kino ;te,-rion :,t1brubrLlRl 5ttbrtibl'Uti: Terrapene c.arolina c:arolina terrapi_.11Malaclenlys terrapin centrata Chrysemv s scri_,�ta scripta L.rtle C'.iret, cal-carett:a (occasionally jlost:; oil the beach) Atlol i:> carol. ivicils is CnemidophorLP; l.0 i o 1. op i ::1t1;1 1a tc l-;i lt: � I'Ulilt'��'ti � ill'\P<'1't:1t11S 01:il i s.lurus -,ent ra 1 i. N:lrr i:i Casci.lta fa:�c.i:lta 1'hairnophis 5atlr.i_rus srit Titus Ilo tcrodcn 1_latyrh inor. R'had i n ae"I l l av i la to Colub; ,r constrictor :: PnCtcrn coachwhip sllaict *Ia:,t.i: c:pl►i.sLlage thin: Ela�� ] lu1:l ��;ough preen ;na!,Ie Greenish rat snalW .. l'r;:bably occ u,::; ..., Possibly occurs Ophoodrys at's t tvtlS inter ,radc [)etwec'.'n ELapht' ob>ol� to quadrivi ttata _ 166 _ Reptiles **Northern scarlc�tt snake Cemophora c occinea copci Souther:i c.oppe,rhead A-kist rodon c cntortri� c:c�nt.�r'tt Eastern cottonmouth Aakistrodon pi.scivorou•: pisc:ivo_ Canebrake rzttlesnake Crotal.us horridus af:ricau,iotus Mamma Is Opossum Dide 1phis mar. .Such l i'c Raccoon Procyon lotor *River otter L.utra cauadetis.i- Grav fox cinercoargeliteus Eastern grey squirrel Scicirus carolineiisi4 -Cotton r,:o��.�e Pero-mvscus gossypi.nus *Rice rat Orvzomys p-.-ih str, s .-lar.sh rabbit. Sylvi.la�;tis palnstri.s lJhitctail :}c+:-r Oducoi.leus v:rginianus Probably occurs }'ossihly ocI-urs _ 167 _ y i 1 1 1 I 1 L7 11 1 Birds: �MCies Common loon Reel -throated loon Horned grebe Pied -billed grebe Brown pelican Gannet 'Ur.uble-crested cormora Great blue heron Green heron Little blue heron Great egret Snowy c gre t Louisiana heron Black -crowned ni-lit Yellow -crowned nlgllt Least bittern White ibis Black duck Wood duck Buff1ehead Surf scorer Black scoter Hooded merganser Red -breasted merganser Sharp -shinned hawk Red -shouldered hawk Marsh hawk Osprey_ P(ire�,ri.ne Falcon Merlin American kestrel Clapper rail Common gallinule American oystercatcher S(ndpalmated plover Piping plover Black -bellied plover Ruddy turnstone American woodcock Whimbrel Willet Creater yellowlegs Red knot Least sandpiper Dun lin nt heron heron Primary Status winter resident winter resident winter resident winter resident permanent resident winter resident winter resident permanent resident' summer resident -nests permanent resident permanent resident permanent resident permanent resident permanent resident summer resident sununer resident -nests permanent resident winter resident winter resident winter resident winter resident winter resident winter resident winter resident fall transient, winter perm. res. probably n winter resident summer resident -may n falltransient fall transient winter resident perm. res.-nests transient perm. res.• transient transient transient, transient wint. res. Primary Habitat ocean ocean ocean marshes ocean ocean ocean marshes Inarsh^s, ponds marshes marshes. marshes marshes lnarshes marshes marshes marshes marshes ponds ou11-1 jC01,111 0CCa11 ponds, marshes ocean res. forest gists forest marshes Est sound flying over flying over dunes marshes ponds marshes marshes, buach bench went. res. beaches or perm. may nest some years transient perm. res. transient transient transient wint. res. beach rats. forest beach beaches marshes beach beach beach, marshes Species Primary Stjtus Primary Habitat Long -billed marsh wren fall trans. inarshes Mockingbird perm. res.-nests shri,b thicket Grav catbird primarily wint. res. forest edge Brown thrasher primarilywint. res. forest edge American robin want. visitant forest Hermit thrush wint. res. forest Blue -gray gnatcatcher summer ros.-prob. nestforest Golden -crowned kiogle t wint. vi s i tntt t forest Ruby -crowned kinglet wint. res. forest Water pipet winter visitant :;ound beach Cedar waxwing winter res. forest White -eyed vireo summer res.-nests forest Solitary vireo wint. res. forest Iced -eyed vireo summer res.-nests forest Black and white warbler transient Lorest Prothonotary warbler summer rays. -nests forest Orange -crowned warbler winter res. foresr. Northern parula warbler summer res.-nests format Yellow-rumped warbler winter res. Forest Black -throated green warbler poss. sum. re3. forest may nest Yellow -throated warbler summer res-nests forest BlZck.poll warbler transient forest Pine warbler summer res. or perm. forest Prairie warbler Palm warbler Common yellowthroat American redstart Red -winged blackbird Orchard Oriole Boat -tailed grackle Comi,ion grackle Brown -headed cowbird Sun?mer tanager Cardinal Indigo bunting Paiiited bunting Al—rican goldfinch Rufous -sided towhee Savannah sparrow sharp -tailed sparrow Seaside sparrow Dark -eyed junco Whitc-throated sparr Fox sparrow Swamp sparrow Song sparrow res.- may nest summer res.-nests shrub thicket trans., wint. res. shrub thicket trans., wint. res. shrub thicket fall,,transient forest perm. res.-nests shrub -thicket summer res.-nests forest edge perm. res. mar:;11uS summer res.-nests forest early sum. res. roadsides breeds, doesn't nest rummer res.-nests forest perm. res.-nests forest summer res.-nests forest edge summer res.-nests forest edge wint. res. dunes, forest pertu. res . -nests shrub thicket wint. res. dtines wint. res. marshes perm. res. marshes winter visitant forest edge-. )w wint. res. [crest edge wint. visitant forest edge wint. res. forest edge wint. res. forest caiC-1 APPENDIX D SUMMARY OF PUBLIC MEETING HELD AT EMERALD ISLE, NC ON MARCH 51 1986 s 1 r t H r : & 9OW 2 Of 6I2Z2C1LCL _glfz 7500 &zzU d .L�:fve &zzudj _qsCe, -A'vtEiz OawCuzu 2S5511 LpfZone (919/354-3424) MINUTES OF THE SPECIAL JOINT MEETING OF THE EMERALD ISLE. TOWN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS AND THE EMERALD ISLE PLANNING BOARD WED.NESDAW, MARCH -5, 1986 - 7:00 P.M. - - TOWN HALL - The meeting was Batted .to order at 7 : 00 P.M.b f on 9 y play Pete Aeeen. The invocation wad given by Commuss.ionet A. B. Crew. Commi .6 ionets ptd4ent were Commi6s.ionet Glatt Gadk.ins, Commit s ionea Bea Pa6e, Commiu ione A. B. Crew, Commis6.ionet Ben Bytand and Commissioner Pete Leo. Ptanni.ng Board membet6 pte6 en t were 9u . Lenora Heverty, Jo Rondone, Jim Davis and Donis Thompson. Mayon Atten announced .that .the pwcpose of -thins meeting -tonight i6 ,to hoed a _Public Hearing Got .the purpose o4 .taking comment& on .the 1985 Land use Pean update 6tom the pubtie. He a6ked Mr. Honne to explain what thi6 .us and .the purpose Got it. Mr. Honne .totd the Commi6,6ioneu and .the pubtie ,that Mt. Bite Burnett 4tom Henry Von Oes and A6soei.ate6 out of Wtmington, i6 with ca- tonight and -th.eia 4i,%m .ins updating out Land Use Ptan. He stated .that Mn. Burnett wife ptobabty be able ,to an6wet a tot mote que6tio► .than he can. He said .that CAMA %equi tea coa6tat communities .to update .their Land Use ' P.ean every Give yeau and ouna wa6 ta6-t updated in Augu6-t, 1981. Thi.6 is one o6 ,the Pubtic Hean ing6 .that we ate nequiAed .to have in otde2 to get pubtie commen t6 as to which d action we woutd titre to see the Town head in and .this Land use Plan is a devetopment .toot and it keeps in out g,%owth pat-tetns . Mayor Aeeen opened .the Atom -'dot public comments. He a6ked Mr. Buanetttt ,to 6tatt the di,scuz,sion with his comments. �j Mt. Burnett said that he appneei.ated .the oppouani,.ty .to be here .thin evening. He weteome .the citizens that ate here tonight. He said that he thought that we woutd .tack a tittte bit about .the punpos a and attue tote' o4 .the meeting and -then aj ter .that, give you some 6uet 6oi di6cu66.ion and open the 6toot up 4ot your comments on -thin matter oA the Land Use Pean. He said ,that -thins .us a pubtie meeting on the update o6 .the Land Use Pean which i6 being prepared under the guidetines oA the N. C. Diviz i.on og Coa6-tae Management which U Minutes o6 Minch 5, 1986 continued Page 2 ha6 provided 6unding Got -th.i-s patticueat ptogram. He said that we ate aZso going to have a requ ,%ed Public Hearing a6tet .this Pean i6 comple-ted. It will be presented Sormally .to the citizens at that time 6or adoption. He said .that .this will ptobabty be in the gall o6 -this yeah. He stated .that .the existing Land Use Plan was 6otmulated in 1976, amended in 1977 and -then updated in 1981, so .that it i6 now .time 4or anothet update off• the Pean. He stated that -there are several purposes Got .this meeting and he .us going to .tAy to MieAty de6cni6e existing conditions in the Town o6 Emerald Isle. We are at6o going to tAy to identisy some o4 the .i6sue6 which some o4 you have already been .i.nvotved in and that w.peg'be-.di&cu"ed-.in_-thd Land:=Use PQan. We are a.eso going ,to aeviej ,the re6uW o6 the Citizens Survey Que6tionnavice which was sent out recently. The response on .that has been absolutely tremendous. At the end o6 this discussion, we wile invite some input on .the -i,63ue3 a4ter we have had a chance to talk a little bit about .them. He said that a Land Use Plan is a guide to 6u&Ae growth and development 4or Emeraed Isle. It i6 similar to a travel guide which tells you something about where you ate intending to go and how to get .there and what to do when you get there. We might compare out Land Use Plan to acavel guide as it is going to guide u6 and get us to whe, we ate headed 6or and that is into the jjuture a6 sat a6 development goes. It at6o repre6ent6 a statement o6 policy on growth and development. He said that our vehicle 6o,% the Land Use Plan, in getting .to out destination, wile be .those thing's that we use to en6o4ce the policies so he .i.6 going to use as out vehicee the Zoning laws and ,the Subdivi6ion regulations. The Land Use Plan i6 a kind o6 embrya that devetopes into things .that uetimatety become law and regulate how we do things. The Land Use Plan is very important to us and something that we need. Another purpose o6 .the Plan, once it i, 6o4mueated, is .that it 4orms .the basis Sor other things. The Land use Plan .us oaten loot ed at by other Agencies who might possibly want --to give you grant money 6or other purposE Some day, in .the jutute, we might possibly have a central sewer system here on ,the Islanc and .the Land Ube Plan wile be u6ed 4or developing that system. Thete might be other grants such a6 Sor--neckeattonae 6acititi.e6, beach Mont and sound 4ront access or boat ramps, etc. in which .the Land Ube Pean wooed be a u6e4ul document in 1u6ti.6ying or opening the door to ptovi6ional grant 4und6 which eoued help the community. He said that they hope that .the Land Use Plan,wiel be something that will be picked up and u6ed on a daiey basis by .those who ate making deci 6ion6 . When problems anise, the Land Use PQan will be the guide to getting reasonable solutions to problems .that always come up when we ate dealing with development and growth which is something that we have to deal with. We are dealing with a community that ha6 a land area o6 about 3,000 actu and the eeeva- tion6 on the Island ate about 35 6eet in ,the high dune6 and he would say that the average land elevation i6 15 to 25 6eet about mean sea level. We have a very eomiottable altitud, here a6 a batnier iztand. The length o6 the community .is 11 miles and .the width is about 4000 beet at .the west and a6 you move on down to .the east it becomes about 800 beet. Minute6 o6 Match 5, 1986 continued Page 3 1 He said that Emeratd I6te is on the west end o6 Bogue Banks, which .in hips opinion, - .is or off( .the .moat beauti6ut o6 .the battier .ustands .in North Carolina. We ate surrounded by wat here, on three 6.ided at teaat. you have the Ateantic Ocean, Bogue Sound and .the Intet- eoastae Waatenwa.y and another 4eature .us Bogue Inlet which has .the tendaney to move back and 6o,%th depending on the -tided and w.i.n4. MEz area .us vunetabte to hutr.ieane.6. The &oun4 are very. productive, .in terms o6 P.ushery.Reaourees and shett4ish, .6o ,the watvvs .in here have been ctass.isied SA Aor .the taking o6 she t6ish. TW .cis .the highest eea66.i6ication .in .the State o6 North Catotina 6or those waters. The ocean .i,6 ceass.i6.ied SB 6or awimming and other purposed. Reeentty, .there have been home izsue6 that have ar it en .in regard to SA watery and that is how do you accommodate Mati.na6 .in s hett6iz h waters and aedo, what do you do with 6torm water %uno66 once it ha6 cottected. The way it i6 took.ing now, it .i6 going to be very di66ieuet to di6charge any storm water .in SA waters and when you start Looking at Emeratd Iste, .then we have a probtem. He 6aid that we have quite a bit test o6 what .ia eatted matUime 6orest6. This .vs a unique 6eatute ,that -i.6 gradualey diaappeat.i.ng. Back .in 1960 .there were oney 14 permanent %e6.ident6 .in Emeratd Late and .the %ea6on wa6 that ,there wa6 oney one acce6s point to Bogue Bank6 and that was .through Morehead City. In 1990, .the een6u6 6howed 122 permanent re6.ident6 and .in 1980 there were 865 permanent %e6.idents and .in Aptit, 1985, -there wa6- a apeei.ae cemua .taken here and .they counted 1526 permanent %esident6 .in Emeraed Iste. He said .that .in regard to housing, .there are about 3,336 ,testae units within Emeratd late and \ 701 o6 .those unit6 were occupied at the time the cen6us wad .taken. There were 2,634 uni. vacant dut.ing ,that 6u tvey. He said that it might be appropriate now to de6citibe some oj the Land use pattuAs. The 1.6tand was devetoped ba6.icalty as a s.ingte 6amity beach aethough you have some area6 of mobile home6, scattered .in through s.ingte jamZP-y te6.i.denci,es. stet of .these ate accommo- dated by septic tanks. There .cis some commecciat development along the main road and ,then we Sind some %e6ort oriented .type mu ti.-Samity unit6 a6 we get down .in .the area .toward .the B. Cameron Langston Ridge. Atong the beach 4ront we have some commerciae and multi.-Jamiely condominium devetopment which are very popueat .in North Catot.ina. You Stitt see Barge traet6 of tand which are Stitt vacant and a tot o4 there eange tracts are shown on your Zoning Map and are zoned 6o,% mutti6amity unit6. There .us a tot o4 potenti 6or more mutti4ami-ey, condominium .type, resort .type development here a6 the zoning presen .ey exf6t6. Our Land u6es ate ba6.icatly eonsined to re6.identiae, commerciot and .instc tuti. at. There .i.6 some scattering o6 other zones such ad eampgroun4, etc. There is a trend .toward mutti6amiey eondominium6 and resort hotels. He said that now he wants to tack about .the .issues .involved .in .the Land use Ptan. We have tdenti jied some atready and thi,. .us something where we wooed Uke to have the aZti.zens .input. The .issues a6 we see -them now are Beach Access which .us number one and woutd be jot day v-usetors and permanent Minutes o4 March 5, 1986 continued Page 4 res.ident6. Beach acee6s is a very .i.mpontant issue. .in .the minds oA everyone who tives hence on visits here. A second issue .involved is that of growth and devetopment. you ar tatk.ing about density. How many units pen ache? What .us the natuAe o4 that density? What kind o6 devetopment do we want? Do we want to have a "Fatuity Beach" with s.ingte Jamity dwetting6 on do we want mutti4amity deveeopment on do we want a Myrtte Beach -type resort? This is what we are tatk.ing about when we get .into growth and development. Another issue .that comes up is zoning and in partieutar the toeation and amount oj- commeneiat devetopment which perhaps shoed be exptored a tittte matte. Right now, .it i4 ba6ieaety eon6i.ned atong ,the main highway. Another area o6 .interest is that o6 pubti services such as sewage seAvice, muni.ci.pat drainage system Jon the very cki ieat area6 which ate other .issues .that need to be exptored. Another, has to do with reeheationat 4acititie6 such a6 shoutd .the community be providing certain types o4 %echeationat jaei.tities? Another .i,6sue is that o6 conservation areas and perhaps we shoutd be toofun at petusetv.ing the maritime Jore64 which are a unique envuconmentat jeatute here on Emeraed Ute and Bogue Banks. Mt. Burnett then went over the Questionnaire which was, maieed out to permanent residents and property owners. He stated that we maiezd out 1-, 840-o6 thue _QuestionnaiAu and be6one tonight, we had 642 returned and tabulated. That .is a 35% response Hate and they were very pteased because normatey we don't get a response rate above 100. We didn't sei a stamped envelope with the Que6tionnauce so that .in .c t6et6 tetes you that there is a to. o6 .interest by the pubt.ic here .in the community. He said that a tot o6 people wrote comments on the back o6 the Questionnaires stating how they Seet about the Island and there were at eea6t a eoupte o6 hundred who said that this is .the greate6t peace in the wor.ed and some said that this is a stiee o6 heaven. This %e6tects people's appreciation 60r this community. He said that there was an .introductory question where they asked people to .identi.4y what theiA letationship to the Town was. They asked .i4 they were permanent %es.ident6, etc. and they had 816 re6ponse6. About 31 % o6 those who responded were permanent %es.ident6; Non-,%uident, neat property owners were about 49% o6 those who responded and about 10% were regular z ea6 onat viusitor6 . About 1 % were occas.ionat s ea6 onaf v i s.i torus and there were about 8.821 who didn't 4att .into any, one o4 those ctus.isications. The people who are ownetus- o� retie .property were asked .i4 they were going to build on their ptopetty or sett theiA property during the next 10 years. There_were 338 responses received and about 40% said that they .intend to buitd a house on their property and 17% said that they .intend to Sete their property and about 44% said that they did not .intend to sett or build on theih property. Then we asked them to ducti.be theiA ptr i,nci.ple relationship to property and we had 990 responses on that with about 20 being devetoper6 of buitdeA6; 2 0 were commerciat business ownetus ; 21 o were Town residents; 74% were sport 4 ,6 hetmen or Minutes o6 March 5, 1986 continued Page 5 boaters; 28% wen.e beach uaeu; 17. 8% were %et Aeu; 2. 7% o6 .them identi jied themselves as housewives and 10.7% identi6ied themseZve6 as "other." The next question was "Which o4 .the 6otlowing best descni.bes your %eeation6hi in ,the Town?" There were 794 re6pon6e6 to this question with active votm comprising about 23%; those ineP,igible to vote in Town elections constituted about 55% and 22% o4 those eUgible to vote were not active in Town elections. The ji4th question was "what general area o6 Eme,aZd Isle are you mast interested in?" They received 942 responses. About 37% said the beach which was the highest level. The second one, which was 29.6% said that they weAe intehe6ted in the residential anea6 and then the sound, the matWme 4ore6t6 and commenci.aQ business district jot -towed on from there. Then we got into the issue o4 beach access and asked the question, "Do you think that pubP.ic access to the ocean at Emerald Isle .us adequate?" The response Srom 665 penson6 was 65% an6wened ye6 and 35% said no. He said that they would say that a com4ortable ma1o& ty said that public access to the ocean was adequate. The next question was, "Do you think that public acces6 to the sound in Emerald Isle is adequate?" The answer there was 53% out of 693 people, said yes and 46.9% said no. That is quite a narrow majoni.ty on that question. The next statement=6 "The Town o6 Eme raid Isle ccwucently has 'about 75 dedicated and marked pubf-i.c beach and sound accesses, but no public parking jaci"ea to accommodate them. The Town is considering requiring all 6utune dedicated access points to have associated parking 6accili ties. How do you feel about providing parking jaciUtie6 6or these accesses?" Thence weAe 710 responses as to them agreeing, .strongly agreeing, not sure, disagreed on .strongly disagreed. Thvice were 53 % who agreed, 35.3% di,6agreed-and 8% were not.s.u%e. The majority indicated that there shooed be some mote parking. There wevice 724 re6pon6e6 to the statement that "The Town o6 Emen.aPd Iste is consideting the passage o6 an Ordinance that would %equ Ae all developeu a6 a condition o6 development, to dedicate Band . son public access to the Attantic Ocean on Bogue Sound according to the hollowing suggested .standards which included Parking, Trash Recepticle, A 6re6h wate,% shower, do i.nking 6ountain, planting strips, changing enclosure and %ubtoom, a raised waekway structure across the pni.maty dune (ocean access) on stabitized path (sound access) and d Aectional signs indicating pubUc beach/.sound access. How do you react to this ptopo.sae? Strongly agree, agree, not sure, divsagtee, staongly disagree." 04 the 724 responses, 56.2% o6 the people were in favor, o6 doing this, 37% were against it and 6.8% were not sure. The next question was "Should the Town o6 Emerald Isle invite day vus. tors and provide 4aciti,.ti u (packing/testnooms, etc.) for them?" There were 705 res pons e6 with 3 8.7 % saying yes and 61. 3 % saying no. He said that he ha6 n' t as yet broken this down as to permanent %uidenU against day v.c6itor.s which wooed be a ec:ttee move informative as to whence that "no" is coming 6rom. The next question was "Woutd you ti.ke the Town of EmeAaed We to have an oceansront pubtic Gazabo with seating and associated parking?" There weAe 721 •respans es with 36.2% baying ye6 and 63.8% saying No. The next question was "Should the Town have. parking meters joa pubti.e parking areas?" Minutea o6 March 5, 1985 continued Page 6 There were 705 %e6ponses with 48.6% saying yes and 51.2% saying No. The next area on the Questionnaire wa6 Growth and Devef-opment. The joust o6 .these questions, was "The Town o6 Fmenatd I6Ze cmAentey has a density ceiling o6 8 uni C6/aae. Do you Beef- .that this tZnit s houtd be I ncaea6 ed, Stay .the same on Decreased?" There were 695 %e6 pons es with 4% atoting increases, 58.1 % stay .the same and 37. 9% saying deeneased. Next was Zoning with .the question "How do you fleet .about .the amount o6 land zoned 6or eommerciat uses?" There were 614 responses with 5.3% saying that it was ,too tittf-e, 76.5% said it was adequate and 1'8. 2% said .it was -too much. The next question waa "Do you beet that the Zoeation o6 eommenciatey zoned Lands is appropAiate?" There were 614 responses with 91.51 o6 .the peopQe saying yes and 8.5% saying No. The next section was PubUc Services The 6uc6t question was ►'Are you =Aentty satis4ied with .the .-eveQ and deP.ivery o6 serviee6 o46ered by .the Town of Fmeraed I6Qe?" There were 682 %eaponse6 with 86.2% saying yes and 14% saying No. The next question was "what other 6eAvices, .is, any, wouf-d you Zike the Town to o66er its citizens?" He said .that they got aef- kinds o4-'answers to .that question, but the ones that appeared most were 6or sewer, drainage, mosquito contAof- and 6or parking at the Inee.t. The next question was "What existing services do you beet can be .cmptoved?" The moat response was Pta6h coQfecti.on, garbage co.-Zectfon. Next, "Aa the Town o6 Fmeraf-d I6Qe continues to grow, a cent► of 6eweA system- Witt move than Ukety be needed.to prevent envi tonmentat P%bbtems. Would you' -vote .in savor o4 a bok reserendum 6or a sewer .,system .is you knew that ad vaPorem .taxes would %emain at the currE tevet and the monthty sewer bitt would be te66 .than $20/month/househoed?" There were 699 responses with 71 % an6weAi.ng yes and 30% answer.ing No. The next question was ►►As, an atternative to buiMing a centnat hewer -system, do you 6eeP that the Town ahoued use foca Land use regueations and 6erviee provisions to discourage .intense deveeopment?" There were 682 ne6pon6ea with 87% saying yes and 13% saying No. The next question was "Do you beet that the Town shoued d ,%ect 4utuAe de.vetopment to those areas best able to support development 6o as to p4event the suture use o6 pubtic 6unds to correct a probQem?" There were 676 responses with 95% saying yes and 5% saying No. Question number 22 was "The Tow o6 Fmeratd I6te %ecent2y expeaieneed drainage probeem6 in certain area6 o6 Town. Drainag improvements wilt need to be made to eoiAect existing ptobt ma. What do you 6eeE .is the most equ itabQe means o6 paying 4or such improvements?" Pront foot ass msment6 of a46ectet paopentie6, Speci.at- taxes, Surcharge on water bieP-,s or Other. 06 the responses, 65% said 6ront Soot a66e66ment6 o4 a64eeted p►coperties -.and 9% said Spec%af- taxes, SurehaAge � of water bit4Es was 9% and 18% other6. The next question was "Do you 6eeE that-Emenatd I6f-e needs a muniei.paZ drainage system?" There were 699 responses with 53% an6wer.ing No and 47 % Yes. The next section on the Questionnai to was regarding ReCIteationat Paci t-i tie6 . He said that .in this .they U6ted %ecAeationaf- 6aci t i ties and asked that the public rank these o6 which they 6eef2 there is a strong enough need to ju6ti6y them being provided at pubUc expense. The 6iut ranked was parking and beach access and second was ma,%ina6 Minutes o6 March 5, 1986 continued Page 7 and Boat access. Jogging ranked thiAd, bikeways was 6ourth, picnic 6acititie6 was 6i6th The tact question was a miseettaneous question. "Should ,the Town os Emenatd Iste %eguta. .the ptaeement o 6 s ateltite TV dishes?" He said that 7 8 o said Yes and 2 2 % said No. He said that att o6 tkL6 wilt appear in print in the Land use Plan and wilt give us kind os a mandate Suture. He said that he now wants to open ,the discussion up Son .the citize and membeu o6 both Boards as we need some input on how Emerald Iste should go in .the 6utune. What do you want your Town to be in 5 years, 10 yeau, 20 yeau in .the Suture? What do you want it to Zook like? He said that .they would Like to hear 6nom .the pubtie as to hors pu--thi.nk; we ought to go. The purpose o6 tkis meeting is to get citizen' 6 inpc Mrs. Dorothy Metzten spoke stating that she ib a permanent resident o6 Emerald Isle. Sh( said that when we had .the question %egatding 6Zooding, .the %e6ponse was that we needed some 61-ooding plan. She said that at hen house the drainage is 6ine now. AcAoss 6nom .them is a swamp. When 6uture building is done, witZ anyone Zook at .the potentiat probtei where -there are tow spots so .that people don't come in and either change .the way ,the Land drains so that it drains on another piece o6 property on 6itt it in so .that it draij She would ti.ke to see some planning bon .the suture that address people who develop tow spots on dangenou6 areas make provisions so that someone else doesn't pay bon .that_ on hat damage to .their property. M%. Burne-tt said that .the community night now is .involved in ententtaining _ ptoposals 6nom several Engineering 6i4ms bon a Masten Dnainage Ptan which is a document that would be used whenever a development does ,take ptace and a peat comes in 6or p►copos ed devetopment .then it would be� eompaned to .the Ma6.ten Ptan to make sure that whatever the devetoper does would not 1eopandi.ze other Land owners. around him. in the near 6utune this Ptan should be avaitabte as the Town Board has already .taken action to get this underway. Mrs. Metzter said that individuat property owneu should be eon6idered -too so that when 6itt is put on a tot you wilt know how it witt assert surrounding pupen ty. Mn. Roger Metzler spoke stating .that we have 1526 permanent residents and you said that 1640 Questionnavices were sent out. Atso, you said that you were not. --sure how many o-s these were permanent residents and how many were not. He asked i6 there i6 any way that you can tett? Mn. Burnett said that it took his 6irm the betty pant o4 two weeks to tabutate .these Questionnaires. They took growth tabutations, but did not break it down in terms o6 permanent %ezidenU, day visitons, etc., but we intend to do this in the 6inat tabutati.on Tonight, we 1u4t have an overact viewpoint ob what people are saying regardless ob what Minutes os March 5, 1986 continued Page 8 thei,% origins are in terms o6 permanent resident or not. In the 6inat document they wii bring out the status o f permanent resident on what even. Mn. Metzten asked i6 att 1526 permanent residents get the Questionnaire? Mn. - Horne. answered yes,- but stated that in actuality there were onty 830 sent out as tU is one pen household bon permanent %e6ident6 and the others were picked at random. Mn. Don McGurn, a permanent resident who Lives in Deer Hann Dunes spoke. His concern is with the drainage and where the waxen is going to go when the Resort Hotet .is built and other condominium pnoject6 are developed. M. Burnett answered that because of the way the dunes run -there is a ptobtem with. drainage in certain areas. He said that the area where M. McGurn tives has a teat probtem because of the interdu,%at 6weZZ6 and hitZ6 and wilt ..take a unique method o4 contActf-i.ng drainage in that area. Mn. McGurn said that when he came to Bmeratd Iste six years ago, Ronnie Watson was Mayon and he said .that .the Town had $?, 000.00 cash and he understand6 that now the Town ,ins putting in about $50, 000.00 a year the tast he heard. He asked why the Town has to rain a Bond or raise taxed in order to dovsomething about drainage i6 the Town atready has a whole tot o6 money due to the condominium devetopmenx? Mn. Burnett said that as bar as .the amount os Junds, he is sure that Mn. Horne or the Town Board can an6wen that better than he can. As Jan as how the drainage study can be bunded the majority o6 65§, said that they would be -witting to pay front Sootage assess- ment. Another thing is that they thoughtthax ,it woued be appxoptiate Jon deveeopens whey they came in, to pay Jon drainage impnovement6. He said that by adopting certain %eguta- tions it could be requiaed bon aet deveZopers that they address the drainage .issue to the point where they would not ineAea6e the xan-.a 6 on adjacent properties. There are Ordinances that can be adopted to handle that. A citizen 6rom Deer Honn Dunes spoke ( didn't give his name) neganding the a66ec ted properties. He asked Mn. Burnett what he means by the a6iected properties? He said that everybody in BmeAaed I6te is a66ec ted. He said that i6 there is going to be a 6ront 600tage assessment, it shoutd be on every piece o6 property in Bmeratd Isle because even the peopte who Lived on the high ground coutdn't get out Coast Guard Road even though their properties were not 6tooded. The only 6a.ir way i6 you go with taxation .cis to tax every piece o6 property. He said that secondey, he is interested in density. He said that the average home here is built on somewhere between a quarter and a thvcd acre os Band and he thinks that is peenty. Why shoutd we have 8 units per acre when the average Minutes ob March 5, 1986 continued Page 9 right now is appnox imatety 4 pen acre. 16 you put .in 8 units pen acne, that is Just tes area bon .the water to soak .into the ground. He said that he thinks we would have a very seniows problem ib we stay with 8 units pen acne. Mr. Burnett said .that he had several good points. He said that assessments ate not �{ essentiaety a .tax, Just a method ob paying bon -something and .the State Statutes read ,that assessments go to -those that are shaAi.ng .the utility that goes .in bnont ob -the.in house. in other ioonds, ,the utility has to pass .in bnont o4 -them and be avaitable to .the bebore we can collect assessment money brom -these people. The citizen. said that .in order to get money bnom .the %es.ident6 ob this Town .then .it shoo be .in the borm ob a .tax not an assessment on .individuae property. He said that he is su that the permanent %es.idents here wouldn't object to a stight raise .in taxes to make su they don't go through the same problems ,that we did .in the ball ob last yeah. Mr 'd h a w n no h w are nd b t o at Burnett said that the ns en now .t,a t ow a going to bu it, but b.ws b we have to bind out how much it is going to cost to connect the major problem and then come up with a plan that wooed be acceptable. Satty Vanderveld spoke stating that she is a permanent tes.ident and she .us .interested .in how many Que6.tionnaite6 went out and how many went to permanent res.ident6. Mr. Burnett answered that 1840 were sent out and 835 were sent to permanent residents. He said that ale ob the homes that we have fisted as permanent aeee.ived one ob the Que,stionnavices. He said that the tema.ini.ng 1000 were picked at random brom the tax tist, Uu. Clare Bdwaedson, a permanent resident, stated that .ib a sewer system does come .in, what wotiti,es hen i6 den6 ty. Me. Burnett stated that this is probably one ob the most sensitive .issues. He said that sewers ate a natural %e&pon6e when you have people. When you have peopQe you have pollu- tion. When you have pottution you have to deaf with .it. He said that the question is how do you eontnol booming growth and connect the envc✓ionmental problem without cheating another problem by - inenea6.ing density. He said that the answer is to be sure that you have tough eontnol on density through your zoning regulations. The way to control growth .us through zoning. He said that development is going to happen no matter what you do and there .us no way that we can stop growth and devetopment. He said that you can have a sewer system and you can con Act density. Comm.i�ss.ionea Passe asked .ib we even do get a sewer system, won't we have to pump the sewag to the maineand? Me. Burnett answered yes. He said that .in the wank done on the 201 Plan, they had peanne:. Minutes o6 March 5, 1986 continued Page 10 that a .tAeatment peant would go on .the maineand .in an area neat the bridge. There- ate several things that you can th the waste waxen a64euent aster it iz treated and one o6 the things that .they suggested was to -take it to ,the Ateantic ocean, but some people think that is the woue .thing .in the woned. Another thing that can be done .us to put a Pine under the waterway on .the baidge and -take it oven to the ma.ineand and dispose o6 th a64euent on .the land. This pnotects the environment and ,the waste water is -taken away 6tom .the Island and the grounds will remain clean. Mn. Eewood Slocum spoke to ,the $oard statino that he came to Emerald Isle srom New Jetse and .they laced the problem and decided that .the beat way to dispose os the waste water was by pumping the treated assluent .into .the Ocean. Mt. Burnett stated that it is always better to think ahead and attach the problem besote it occwus . Down the tine, .i4 we continue to grow, there will be a point where we will need a sewer system. Cathy Campen said that she is a permanent %esident and hen concern is that when you taek about pumping the waste waxen to the maineand, how are .the people on the maineand going to Seel about this? W. Burnett said that thus is a very vati,.d point. He said that this happened .in Dane County and one o6 the alternatives they looked at was ttanspating the assluent srom the beach to Curnituch County and the Cuttituck County Comm uioners toed them that they did not want their sewage. He said that this is a problem and you will have to work very ceosety with land owners. He said that .i4 it is planned night then the people wiel accer .it. He said that they were thinking that you could use Star Hitt Gols Course and spray the waste water asseent on ,the Goed Course. He said that this. is being done .in South Canoti.na. He said that waste water reuse .us a valid method is .it is done propeAty. W. Slocum spoke again stating that these ate oney .two snee beaches .in the State os New Jeuey. He said that on every other beach you have a tag system which is something that he suggested on his questionnaiAe. He said that this is an unbeP-ievable source os revenue. He said that you cooed be looking at weel over $100,000.00 a year. We could put some ti.se guand3 on the beaches which'is important to him. M,%. Burnett said that in New Jeuusey, people buy a tittle badge which they put on thei,% bathing suits and you can't go on the beach without it. Mn. Horne said that it would take the $100,000.00 that you gain to ensotce keeping those people oss the beach. Minutes os Match 5, 1986 continued Page 11 Mn. Burnett stated .that not everyone .cis going to agree with everything .in .the Land Use Ptan and they don't expect that. We are producing a genetat viewpoint a6 .to what shouts, happen. Commiuionet Bytand asked 96. Cathy Campen .i4 she tis Sami.tian with the Carteret County sewer system? He said .that .they are working on a sewer system Son .this end o6 the Count At. Bunnettt stated .that he undeu-tands .that they have engaged an Bng.ineet.ing 4itm .to do an enginevii,.ng study os .the entice County and -thei& sewer needs. CommUss.ionen Bytand said that he has contacted some os the people .in Cape Carteret and suggested that when we get ready to go Son a sewer system that we go together. He said that he thinks that you are going to have to do art o4 Bogue Banks on both sides to make this thing essective. He said that he thinks that what ,the County has .in.mind is to set up a big Masten Ptan to .instatt a tatge ptant somewhere on the maintand to Seed this was water into. Macs. DoA" Thompson told Mn. Bunne-tt that hen Samity happened to be 5 os the oniginat 14 he -tacked about ea,%ti.en. Jo Rondone said that Sum -the evidence os the growth. os Bmetatd Isce that we must examin( .the Land use Ptan and update it. She said that she Beets .that this .us very impottant to ups . Crane Edwardson asked what happens next? Mac. Burnett stated .that what .they Witt do is -take .the comments made tonight, comp.ite art os this .insonmati.on and the %esuc-t6 o6 the Questionnaire and we wiet put it .in the Ptan and get a consensus as to .the way .the people want it shaped and -then .they wilt s.tan-t wn i Ling .the Land Use Ptan based on that .insonmati.on and make %ecommendati.ons to the Boara .in -terms os what .the policies are Sor both the Town Board and Planning Board, os what .the changes .in present tegutations might be apptopAuate. They Witt .them wrap act o6 this up .in a pretty coven and send .it oss to .the 044ice off Coastat Management and .they are going to review it to be sure .that what .they have come up with .i s cons"tent with the,fA d.iagtam IS they approve .it, -then .it Witt come bacfz to .the Town and we Witt hold a Pubt.ic Hearing and adopt it. Then it wilt become -thus document that is avail-abce 4o4 use .in ptanni.ng and devetopment and growth. He said that they hope .that .it Witt become a usesut docu- ment .that everybody watt pick up and use as a guide. He .told .the pubei.c that they have had some good .input tonight and he hopes .they Witt head .the Land Use Ran when .it comes out and Seet .that they have helped .in detetmin.ing .the growth .in .the place where they are going to Live. Macs. Clare Edwardson asked .is this Ptan witt be avaitabte Sot the pube.ie? Minutes o4 Match 5, 1986 continued Page 12 Ma. BuAnett answeved yes and stated that .they would tAy .to have an Executive Summary painted which w.itt be avaitabee .to .the genevat public, but .i6 you are going ,to develop paopevtty here on just want .to know what your Stock on area can be Like .in 5 on 10 yeays, -then just come .to Town Hatt and read .the Land use Pean. Ma. Horne said ,that the tas.t time we updated the Land Use Plan we had extAa copies painted to give ,to .the genevaE pubti.e, so he is suAe that .theae wilt be pfeenty avaitabt, Gov .the pubtic. He stated .that we shouod have the Executive Summati.e6 avaitabte by the end o6 June. Ma. Buvnett said .that anothea issue .that Witt be addvessed wietl be tAa4�ic conditions .in .the Town o6 Bmevald Iste. He said that -there has been some di�6eu6sion tatePy as .to where the thvtd bvidge wilt be toeated on Bogue Banhs . He stated that tAad t ionatt y it shouPd be toeated on the RooseveP.t paopevty .in Pine Knote Shoves, but .those people aAe having "a ti.tttee heavt burn about .that." He said ,that .the Theodove RooseveZt heiAs had de6ignated a ptaee jov that. He said that DOT is studying af-tevnati.ves and that is ano.tf peann.ing pvoeess that is ongoing. He AuA-thea stated that we have coveved quite a Aew .cssues tonight and he app2eci.ate6 att of .the public's comments. He said ,that he wants aet o4 you to know .that they aae avaitabte .is you would t ike .to -talk to him pw onatt y, just catt hiA o44.ice and he wi.et be glad to tis-ten .to any o4 youa comments and answev any questions ,that you might have. He said that Ma. Hovne, Town Admini6.taatov, is also avaitabte .to answea any questions .that you might have. Motion wab made by Commi�ssionen Ga6k.in6 and seconded by Commi ss.ionea Cvew that the Pubt i.c Heating be e?losed. A t voted .in javov. Motion was made by Commi.6sionen Gask.ins and seconded by Commizs.ionea Cvew that .the meeting be adjouAned. Atf voted .in javoa. The meeting adj ouvned at 8 : 48 P.M. JRP CC: () Mayov Pete Allen CC: ( ) Commi�ss.ionea Watt Gask.ins cc: ( ) Commuss.ionea A. B. Cvew CC: ( ) Commiss.ionea Pete Leo CC: ( ) Commuss.ionea Ben Byeand CC: ( ) Commuss.ionev Bea Passe CC: ( ) Ma. G. glade Hovne, Town Admin stratov CC: ( ) Ma. Richavd L. S-tantey, Town Attovney Respeeti.veey submitted, Ilaekie R. Paytov, Town evk CC: ( ) Mas. Lenova Heveaty, ChaiAman Planning BoaAd CC: ( Ma. John C. Anthony, Audi-tov CC: ) Ma. BiIQ Burnett CC: () Town Hall 1 1 t i 1 I 11 APPENDIX E STORM HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN AND POST DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION PLAN (JUNE, 1984) I I 1 1 i t TOWN OF EMERALD ISLE NORTH CAROLINA STORM HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 8� POST DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION PLAN JUNE9 1984 I Vj a I 11 1 STORM HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN AND POST DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION PLAN Prepared for THE TOWN OF EMERALD ISLE, NORTH CAROLINA By: George Eichler & Associates and Satilla Planning, Inc. June 1, 1984 The preparation of this report was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Manage— ment Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, N.O.A.A. n I 11 I 1 Contents Page I. Introduction ................................. 1 II. Emerald Isle Storm Hazard Mitigation Plan.... 2 A. Existing Development ..................... 2 B. Hazard Areas in Emerald Isle ............. 3 C. Existing Development Located in Hazard Areas .................................... 6 D. Estimated.Severity of Possible Hazard Area Damages., ................ o_ ....... 8 E. Anticipated Development in Hazard Areas, .... o___ ... o ................. 9 F. Existing Emerald Isle HazardMitigation Policies and Regulations....... .......... 9 G. Recommended Hazard Mitigation Policies... 10 III. Emerald Isle Post -Disaster Reconstruction Plan. 12 A. Introduction .......... ... ............. 12 B. Organization of Local Damage Assessment C. Team., ............... ................ Damage Assessment Procedures and 14 Requirements ............................ 15 D. Organization of Recovery Operations...... 17 E. Recommended Reconstruction Policies...... 20 LIST OF TABLES Title P_.ge One - Emerald Isle Populaticn Projection, ...... 2 Two - Existing Land Use Tabulations 2 Three - Estimated Dwelling Units by Type 3 Four - Definition of Hazard Areas 6 Five - Structures by Hazard Areas 8 LIST OF MAPS Title Page One - Storm Hazard Areas 5 Two - Flood Hazard Areas 7 1 US 1 I. INTRODUCTION The North Carolina Coastal Resources Commission has adopted rules for "Storm Hazard Planning" which require the incorporation of such a planning program into the land use plans that local coastal communities are required to prepare. The Commission's rules are designed to implement a storm hazard planning process that is outlined in Before the Storm: Managing Development to Reduce Hurricane Damages. That publication was prepared for the Office of Coastal Management of the North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development to be used as a guide for local planning efforts. The objective of this report is to present storm hazard mitigation and post disaster reconstruction plans for Emerald Isle that 1) meet specific needs of the Town; and 2) conform with the adopted State rules for storm hazard planning. The remainder of this report describes Emerald Islets hazard planning program. Chapter II presents the Town's Storm Hazard Mitigation Plan. Chapter III presents the Town Post Disaster Reconstruction Plan. J I II. EMERALD ISLE STORM HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN A. Existing Development Emerald Isle's developable incorporated area consists of about 3,000 acres, one-half of which has been developed. It is eleven miles long and.ranges from 4,000 feet in width at the west end to about 800 feet at the east end. It has developed as a family -oriented vacation/second home community with seasonal populations reaching as high as 10,000 persons during peak summer holiday periods. In contrast, the year- round population is currently only about 1,000 persons. Table 1 presents the permanent and average seasonal populations for the years 1980, 1985, 1990 and 2000 based on data from the 1981 Land Use Plan Update. The State of North Carolina estimated that there were 1,003 permanent residents in 1983. TABLE 1 EMERALD ISLE POPULATION PROJECTIONS YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL PERMANENT 1980 8,500 865 1985 10,000 - 12,000 1,200 - 1,400 1990 12,000 - 15,000 1,500 - 1,900 2000 15,000 - 18,000 2,200 - 2,800 The 1981 Land Use Plan Update did not include existing land use tabulations and it is beyond the scope of this study to conduct detailed land use surveys. However, the following generalized land use calculations were provided by the Plan. TABLE 2 EXISTING LAND USE TABULATIONS LAND USE CATEGORY ACREAGE % OF TOTAL Developed Land - Total 1,402 47% Residential 1,240 9% Institutional 3 1Z Commercial 123 9% Undeveloped Land - Total 1,598 53% TOTAL DEVELOPED and UNDEVELOPED: 3,000 100% I 1 I 1 1 1 As indicated by Table 2, more than half of the Town's acreage was vacant and available for development in 1981 when the Land Use Plan update was prepared. Since this time, it is estimated that an additional 300 acres have been developed, leaving about 1,300 acres vacant. The Town's density in persons per acre is 5.88 in developed areas. Assuming that future development continues at this density, an additional 766 acres will be developed by the year.2,000. Ultimate capacity of the Town at this density is 17,625 persons during summer peak periods. However, a relatively minor increase in density would greatly increase this potential number. Such an increase in density could be expected if a central sewage system was constructed. The existing commercial development occupies about 125 acres, but there are 400 acres zoned for commercial use. There are basically four existing commercial areas; one where the causeway Bridge enters the town, along Emerald Drive and Beach Drive; one along Emerald Drive West of its intersection with Ferry Road and at the original Ferry Landing on Bogue Sound; one along Emerald Drive near the western pier; and another along Emerald Drive around the eastern pier. In 1980, there were an estimated 2,.400 dwelling units in Emerald Isle. The current estimate of total dwelling units is 3,250. This represents an increase of more than 35% in just three years. Based on 1983 dwelling units and estimated average seasonal population, approximately 3.5 persons occupied each dwelling unit. To reach the 1990 projected population (top range) an additional 1,035 dwelling units would have to be constructed; and a total of 1,893 new units to reach the year 2000 projection of 18,000 persons. Table 3 presents a summary of estimated dwelling units by type. TABLE 3 ESTIMATED DWELLING UNITS BY TYPE - 1983 Type of Residential Unit Single Family, Duplex/Triplex Multi -Family Motel Mobile Home Total: B. Hazard Areas in Emerald Isle Estimated Total Number 1,884 139 137 1,090 3,250 Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC's) located in Emerald Isle consist of : 1) Ocean Erodible AEC's; 2) Inlet Hazard AEC's; 3) Estuarine Shoreline AEC's; and 4) Flood 3 !J Hazard AEC's. While not designated by the State as an AEC, the balance of the 100-year flood plain is also a hazard area that should be addressed by the mitigation plan. The first three AEC's identified above are depicted by Map One. Map Two delineates both the Flood Hazard AEC, and the balance of the 100-year flood plain. Ocean Erodible AEC's These are areas where a substantial possibility of excessive erosion and significant shoreline fluctuations exists. The ocean erodible AEC is based on a setback from the first line of stable natural vegetation plus an additional area where erosion can be expected from storm surges and wave action. Current State regulations establish ocean erodible AEC's as beginning at the low water line. Setback measurements begin at the first line of stable vegetation and continue inland to a depth 60 times the average annual rate of erosion. Provided there has been no long term erosion or the rate of erosion is less than two feet per year, this distance is set at 120 feet. In areas where the erosion rate is more than 3.5 feet per year, the setback line is based on a distance of 30 times the long-term annual erosion rate plus 105 feet. Erosion near Bogue Inlet has averaged 3 feet per year and the AEC is 230 feet deep in this area. (Source: Office of Coastal Management, "Long Term Average Annual Erosion Rates Through 1980"). Inlet Hazard AEC's An inlet hazard area is a natural hazard area that is especially vulnerable to erosion, flooding and other adverse effects of sand, wind, and water because of its proximity to dynamic ocean inlets. The area adjacent to Bogue Inlet is designated a hazard area. During recent years, the Inlet area has accreted as the Inlet migrated to the west. A false sense of security from this short term phenomenon may encourage further development of this unstable area. The land use subdivided and platted prior to the existence of C.A.M.A. and therefore current regulations allow the use and development of these lots of record. As outlined on Map 1, the Bogue Inlet Hazard consists of the western 1,250 feet of Bogue Banks/Emerald Isle. Estuarine Shoreline AEC's Estaurine shorelines are defined as non -ocean shorelines which are especially vulnerable to erosion, flooding or other adverse effects of wind and water and are intimately connected to the estuary. In Emerald Isle, the estuarine shoreline encompasses the area landward from Bogue Sound for a distance of 75 feet from the mean high water level along the entire northern edge of the Town. 4 1 1 1 1 1 MW LEGEND OCEAN ERODIBLE A.E.C. ESTUARINE SHORELINE A.E.C. INLET HAZARD AREA ur purposes. This map Is for planning purposes only: the A.E.C.'s are approximate and therefore should not be used for permitting pur I 6M EMERALD ISLE, N.C. SATILLA PLANNING INC. GEORGE FICHLFR & AMC. St u-ry- Georgia Atlanta. Georgia JUNE,Iga4 L8 OOMrl MOO MO"L..2 0 0.0 Storm Hazard Areas MAP ONE Flood Hazard AEC's . I The flood hazard AEC corresponds to the National Flood Insurance Program-V-zones, which refer to flood prone areas that are also susceptible to high velocity wave surges. Emerald Isle was converted to the Regular Phase of the National Flood. Insurance Program (NFIP) in 1977 with the issuance of Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMS). Town officials recently received 1984 FIRMS which are now under review. Because this represents the best available data for flood hazard in Emerald Isle, this new data is provided by Map Two. Flood crest elevations in the "V" zones range from 11 to 16 feet AMSL. The "V" zone areas were reduced by the new FIRM. Areas along Bogue Sound are no longer within "V" zones. The new "V" zones basically parallel the ocean to a depth of approximately 100' to 250' inland from mean high water. Less than 8% of the Town's area lies within "V" zones. Other Flood Prone Areas This area is simply the balance of the 100-year flood plain - that area not within "V" zones. Again, Map Two portrays the area subject to flooding during the 100-year storm in accordance with the 1984 FIRM. The.FIRM designates these areas as "A" zones. About 15 percent of the town is within "A" zones. C. Existing Development Located in Hazard Areas In Before the Storm, the following system for clas- sifying hazard areas (shown in Table 4) was presented: TABLE 4 DEFINITION OF HAZARD AREAS Forces Present/Expected Hazard Area Wave High Category Erosion Action Flooding Winds Boundaries 1 x x 2 3 4 x x x Ocean erodible AEC's; inlet hazard AEC's; estaurine shoreline AEC's. x x Flood insurance V-zones x x Flood insurance A -zones x Rest of community 31 I jl� .. 1 loose ®rr�♦r®rrlr.�lr�l I� ®®MEmm�m®m®®®m 001MM" IIIIIIIIIB�IIIIIIIIIC nn� IIIIIIIII� LEGEND HIGH HAZARD FLOOD A.E.C. CV " ZONES) BALANCE OF 100 YEAR FLOOD PLAIN ("Am ZONES) This map Is for planning purposes only: the A.E.C.'s are approximate and therefore should not be used for permitting purposes. 7EMERALD ISLE, N.G. SATILLA PLANNING, INC. GEORGE EICHLER 6 ASSOC. St.Marys, Georgia Atlanta. Georgia JUNE. 1984 800' IOOO 4000' Flood Hazard Areas MAP TWO C The number of structures within each hazard area based on the above classifications was then determined from aerial photographs, interviewing with town personnel, and field checks as follows: TABLE 5 STRUCTURES BY HAZARD AREA (Before the Storm Method) Hazard Area Category Residential Units Commercial Areas 1 135 2 2 75 1 3 110 1 4 3,015 2 The above Table is not totaled because to do so would be misleading. Some of the units included in Flood Insurance "V" zones (Category 2) were also in Hazard Area Category 1. Additionally, the structures in estaurine shoreline AEC's are also in Flood Insurance "A" zones. Emerald Isle does not have a central sewage disposal system. Therefore, sewage is handled through individual septic systems, some of which are in flood hazard areas. Generally, the structures and commercial areas identified by Table 5 are served by systems that are also in the flood plain. The Town's water is supplied by the Bogue Banks water authority. There are currently three wells with one planned. There are two elevated and one ground storage tank. These facilities are above the 100-year flood level as are the majority of the system's distribution system. There are no potentially hazardous material storage or disposal sites in Emerald Isle. D. Estimated Severity of Possible Hazard Area Damages The current Emerald Isle Tax Valuation is $186,000,000. This does not include tax exempt property nor does it include appreciation of values since the assessment was completed by County tax appraisal officials. Structures constitute about $74,000,000 or 40% of the total tax digest. This ratio of structure value to property represents the high value and quantity of undeveloped land. Additional property at risk during a major storm includes roads, public buildings and facilities, public utilities, and tax exempt property. Potential worst case flood damage to privately owned structures in Emerald Isle from a 100-year storm event is estimated to be $4.5 million. This does not include any damage from wind which will certainly be D I significant. E. Anticipated Development in Hazard Areas About 1,600 acres of developable land remains vacant in Emerald Isle. The vast majority of this land lies above the 100-year flood plain and significant areas are also above the 500-year event. Some development may occur in the Estuarine Shoreline AEC but because of the narrowness of this zone, it is expected to be relatively minor. F. Existing Emerald Isle Hazard Mitigation Policies and Regulations Emerald Isle regulates development in hazard areas primarily through its zoning ordinance, dunes and vegetation control ordinance, and floodplain management regulations. Development in AEC areas must conform with State guidelines. The primary provisions of Emerald Isle zoning, dunes and vegetation control and floodplain management regulations related to hazard area development are summarized below. Emerald Isle Zoning Ordinance 1. Single family residences, duplexes and multi -family structures are allowed in the Town's residential dis- tricts as permitted uses regardless of whether such districts are located in hazard areas. 2. Mobile Home parks are permitted only in MH Mobile Homes districts and subject to special development standards. 3. Non -conforming structures (i.e. those not meeting setback or other similar requirements) are not speci- fically dealt with by the Emerald Isle zoning ordinance. 4. Non -conforming uses can generally be rebuilt unless destroyed or damaged beyond 70% of value or if the use is abandoned for 180 continuous days. Dunes and Vegetation Protection Ordinance At least 45% of the natural vegetation must be left in place on residential lots and 15% on commercial lots under the terms of this ordinance. Flood Plain Management Regulations The Floodplain ordinance is part of the Town's zoning ordinance (Article I). It is designed to meet requirements of the National Flood Insurance key provisions including: 9 1. All new residential construction, or substantial improvements (repairs or recon- struction worth 50 percent of market value) must be elevated to or above the base flood level elevations. 2. Commercial buildings located in either the 'Y' or "A" zones must be elevated to the base flood level or floodproofed. 3. Open space or breakaway walls must be used below base flood elevation in the 'Y' zones. 4. The design and installation of anchorings and pilings must be certified by a registered engineer or architect. 5. No alteration of dunes or use of fill for structural support shall occur in the "V" zone. Mobile Home Regulations Mobile homes constitute about thirty-five percent of the existing housing stock - an estimated 1,090 units. The Town's zoning ordinance establishes mobile home placement and design standards; flood hazard design considerations are included in the floodplain regulations and require elevation above the 100-year flood elevation, tiedowns, and prohibition on mobile homes locating in "V" zones. G. Recommended Hazard Mitigation Policies The entire Town of Emerald Isle is susceptible to significant storm damage from a hurricane or a storm of similar magnitude. However, only 6% of the Town's dwelling units are located in AEC's or in areas susceptible to flooding associated with the 100-year storm. The entire Town is susceptible to wind damage. In general, the Town's existing mitigation policies meet the requirements for hazard mitigation planning outlined in Before the Storm. Specifically: 1. The Town's growth policy encourages relatively low density residential development; high rise developments along the ocean are not typically found in Emerald Isle. The Town has also down -zoned lands that originally allowed up to 13.5 dwelling units per acre to 8 dwelling units per acre. This may reduce the ultimate number of units by 2,200 or about 7,200 seasonal sites. 2. The Town's policies support and are consistent with State policies and regulations for development in Areas of Environmental. Concern. 10 3. All new development must conform with the provisions of the N.C. Building Code. 4. The Town's floodplain development policies conform with all Federal and State requirements. 5. The Town does a good job of controlling mobile home developments in order to minimize hazard damages. Mobile homes are restricted to a specific district and must conform with elevation and other requirements. 6. The Town has made an obvious effort to keep up with building code and land use regulation enforcement during the recent growth period by hiring additional building inspection personnel. The basic conclusion is that Emerald Isle is already doing a good job to mitigate future storm damages and that the Town's policies meet both the requirements and philosophical objectives contained in Before the Storm. The only recommended changes to existing policies are: 1) That the Town consider revising its zoning ordinance provisions governing non -conforming situations (Section 9-4033)to: a)to more explicity cover replacement or repair of non -conforming structures so that they are required to meet applicable floodplain regulations and provisions of the North Carolina State Building Code governing wind loads; and b) that upon destruction to or beyond a specific percentage of structure value (50% is recommended) all structures be required to meet all applicable regulations (zoning, flood, building code, health code, etc.) The rationale is that if a building sustains more than 50% damage it is for all practical purposes destroyed and if the zoning ordinance terms classify it as "non -conforming", it should not be allowed to rebuild to the same size and conditions in the same location. Additionally, these provisions should be applied specifically to both non -conforming uses and structures. 11 a III. EMERALD ISLE POST -DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION PLAN A. Introduction A post -disaster plan provides a program that will permit a local government to deal with the aftermaths of a storm in an organized and efficient manner. The Plan provides the mechanisms, procedures, and policies that will enable a local community to learn from its storm experiences and to rebuild the community in a wise and practical manner. A post -disaster reconstruction plan encompasses three distinct reconstruction periods: o The emergency period is the reconstruction phase immediately after a storm. The emphasis is on re- storing public health and safety, assessing the nature and extent of storm damage, and qualifying for and obtaining whatever federal and state as- sistance might be available. o The restoration period covers the weeks and months following a storm disaster. The emphasis during this period is on restoring community facilities, utilities, essential businesses, etc. so that the community can once again function in a normal manner. o The replacement reconstruction period is the period during which the community is rebuilt. The period could last from months to years depending on the nature and extent of the damages incurred. It is important that local officials clearly understand the joint federal -state -local procedures for providing assistance to rebuild after a storm so that local damage assessment and reconstruction efforts are carried out in an efficient manner that qualifies the community for the different types of assistance that are available. The requirements are generally delineated in the Disaster Relief Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-288) which authorizes a wide range of financial and direct assistance to both local communities and individuals. The sequence of procedures to be followed after a major storm event is as follows: 1. Local damage assessment teams survey storm damage within the community and report this damage to the County Emergency Services Coordinator. 2. Damage information is compiled and summarized by the County, and the nature and extent of damage is re- ported to the North Carolina Division of Emergency Management (DEM). 1 12 3. DEM compiles local data and makes recommendations to the Governor concerning state actions. 4. The Governor may request a Presidential declaration of "emergency" or "major disaster". A Presidential declaration makes a variety of federal resources available to local communities and individuals. S. Federal Relief assistance provided to a community after an "emergency" has been declared typically ends one month after the initial Presidential de- claration. Where a "major disaster" has been declared, federal assistance for "emergency" work typically ends six months after the declaration and federal assistance for "permanent" work ends after 18 months. Federal disaster assistance programs previously provided aid for communities to rebuild in the same way as existed before the disaster occurred. This policy tended to foster recurring mistakes. However, recent federal policy has started to change the emphasis of disaster assistance programs. Specifically, o Executive Order 1198 (Floodplain Management) directs all federal agencies to avoid either directly or in- directly supporting future unwise development in floodplains (e.g. through sewer grants in locations that foster floodplain development). o Section 406 of the Disaster Relief Act can require communities, as a prerequisite for federal disaster assistance, to take specific actions to mitigate future flood losses. The Town has been provided a comprehensive listing of the Federal Disaster Assistance Programs that may be available following a major storm. The programs identified fall into the categories of Temporary Housing, Individual Assistance and Assistance to Local and State Governments. The listing is comprehensive and therefore all the programs listed may not be applicable to Emerald Isle. The remainder of this chapter presents recommended recovery procedures in the general sequence of response by the Town. While damage assessment (Sections B & Q will be the first operations conducted by the Town after a disaster, it should be realized that the recommended recovery operations (Section D) will begin simultaneously. The remainder of this chapter is, therefore, organized as follows: 1) Procedures that Emerald Isle should follow to carry out its damage assessment program to meet all 13 Federal and State requirements.including organization of the damage assessment team and recommended damage assessment procedures. 2) An overall organizational framework for restoration operations after the emergency period. 3) Replacement/Reconstruction policies that the Town should adopt to insure that future development that does occur in local hazard areas is constructed in a manner consistent with sound land use planning, public safety considerations, and existing and evol- ving federal and state policy. B. Organization of Local Damage Assessment Team A local damage assessment team should include individuals who are qualified to give reliable estimates of the original value of structures, an estimated value of sustained damages and a description of the repairs (and costs) that will be needed to rebuild each structure. Following is a listing of Emerald Isle personnel including volunteers available to assume these responsibilities: Administrative Police Town Manager 1 Police Chief Building Inspector 10 Officers Assistant Building Inspector 6 Dispatchers Part-time Building Inspector 6 Reserve Fire and Rescue Town Officials 1 Chief 1-Mayor 20 Volunteers S Commissioners Street Maintenance Supervisor Assistant Maintenance Supervisor The Building Inspector should head the Damage Assessment Team. Other members of the team should consist of the Assistant Building Inspector, the Maintenance Supervisor and volunteers recruited from the community. Town Personnel and volunteers must be recruited, organized and trained prior to a storm occurrence. There should also be back-ups or alternates to ensure the availability of adequate resources. The suggested make-up of the Emerald Isle Damage Assessment Team is as follows: 1 14 o Building Inspector (Team Chief) o Assistant Building Inspector o Local Property Appraiser (MAI or qualified broker) # o Maintenance Supervisor o Architect * # Community Volunteer The Mayor should immediately undertake a recruitment effort to secure the necessary volunteers and to establish a training program to familiarize the members of the damage assessment team with required damage classification procedures and reporting requirements. In doing so, it must be recognized that it might be very difficult to fill certain positions, such as the building contractor position, because the services of individuals with such skills will likely be in a great demand after a storm disaster. C. Damage Assessment Procedures and Requirements Damage assessment is defined as a rapid means of determining a realistic estimate of the amount of damage caused by a natural or man-made disaster. For a storm disaster, it is expressed in terms of 1) number of structures damaged; 2) magnitude of damage by structure type; 3) , estimated total dollar loss; and 4) estimated total dollar loss covered by insurance. After a major storm event, members of the Damage Assessment Team should report to the Emergency Operations Center prior to deployment. There are about 3,000 dwelling units in the Town. The extent of damage will depend on the magnitude of the storm and where landfall occurs along the Atlantic coast. Because of the potentially large job at hand, the limited personnel resources available to conduct , the assessments, and the limited time within which the initial assessment must be made, the first phase of the assessment should consist of only an external visual survey of damaged structures. A more detailed second phase assessment can be made after the initial damage reports are filed. The initial damage assessment should make an estimate of the extent of damage incurred by each structure and identify the cause (wind, flooding, wave action, combination, etc.) of the damage to each structure. Damaged structures should be classified in accordance with the suggested State guidelines as follows: o Destroyed (repairs would cost more than 80 percent of value). o Major (repairs would cost.more than 30 percent of the value). 15 1 o Minor (repairs would cost less than 30 percent of the value, but the structure is currently unin- habitable). o Habitable (some minor damage, with repairs less than 15 percent of the value). It will be necessary to thoroughly document each assessment. In many cases, mail boxes and other information typically used to identify specific structures will not be found. Consequently, the Damage Assessment Team must be provided with tax maps, other maps and photographic equipment in order to record and document its field observations. Enough information to complete the Damage Assessment Worksheet must be obtained on each damaged structure. The second phase of the Damage Assessment Operation will be to estimate the value of the damages sustained. This operation should be carried out in the Emergency Operations Center under the direction and supervision of the Town Manager. Specific administrative employees in Town Hall should be assigned to assist in carrying out this task. In order to estimate total damage values it will be necessary to have the following information available for use at the Emergency Operations Center: o A set of property tax maps identical to those utilized by the damage assessment field team. o Copies of all Town property tax records. This information should indicate the estimated value of all commercial and residential structures within the Town. Because time will be of the es- sence, it is recommended that the Town immediately commence a project listing the property values of existing structures on the appropriate lots of the property tax maps that will be kept at the Emergency Operations Center. While somewhat of a tedious job, it should be manageable if it is initiated now and completed over a 1 to 2 month period. The infor- mation will prove invaluable if a storm disaster does occur. This set of tax maps should be updated annually prior to the hurricane season. County officials recently polled local mortgage institutions to determine the average flood insurance policy coverage and the estimated number of property owners in flood hazard areas that carry the insurance. The results of this May, 1984 survey were that 75% of the homeowners with mortgaged property in the flood plain have 75% to 80% coverage. Overall, it was estimated that only 10% to 15% of all homes in the flood plain have insurance covering 75% to 16 80% of the improvements. The Town should verify these estimates and update this information annually before the hurricane season. This information should then be kept available in the Emergency Operations Center for estimating the value of sustained damages covered by hazard insurance. In order to produce the damage value information required, the following methodology is recommended: 1. The number of businesses and residential structures that have been damaged within the Town should be summarized by damage classification category. 2. The value of each damaged structure should be obtained from the marked set of Town tax maps and multipled by the following percentages for approp- riate damage classification category. o Destroyed - 100% o Major Damage - 50% o Minor Damage,(uninhabitable) - 25% o Habitable - 10% 3. The total value of damages for the Town should then be summarized and reported, as required, to the County Emergency Operations Center. 4. The estimated value loss covered by hazard insurance should then be determined by: 1) estimating full coverage for all damaged structures for situations where the average value of such coverage exceeds the amount of damage to the structure; and 2) multiplying the number of structures where damage exceeds the average value of insurance coverage by the average value of such coverage. The Damage Assessment Plan is intended to be the mechanism for estimating overall property damage in the event of a civil disaster. The procedure recommended above represents an approach.for making a relatively quick, realistic "order of magnitude" damage estimate after a disaster. D. Organization of Recovery Operations Damage assessment operations are oriented to take place during the emergency period. After the emergency operations to restore public health and safety and the initial damage assessments are completed, the State guidelines suggest that a Recovery Task Force to guide restoration and reconstruction activities be created. In Emerald Isle, the Mayor and Commission should assume the responsibilities of such a Task Force with the Town Manager directing day-to-day operations based on the policy guidance received from the Mayor and 17 Commission. The following must be accomplished: 1 1 1 1. Establishing reentry procedures. 2. Establishing an overall restoration schedule. 3.. Setting restoration priorities. 4. Determining requirements for outside assistance and requesting such assistance when beyond local capabilities. 5. Keeping the appropriate County and State officials informed using Situation and Damage Reports. 6. Keeping the public informed. 7. Assembling and maintaining records of actions taken and expenditures and obligations incurred. 8. Proclaiming a local "state of emergency" if warranted. 9. Commencing cleanup, debris removal and utility restoration activities undertaken by private utility companies. 10. Undertaking repair and restoration of essential public facilities and services in accordance with priorities developed through the situation eval- uations. 11. Assisting private businesses and individual property owners in obtaining information on the various types of assistance that might be available to them from federal and state agencies. In Before the Storm, a sequence and schedule for undertaking local reconstruction and restoration activities is presented. The schedule was deliberately left vague because specific reconstruction needs will not be known until after a storm hits and the magnitude of the damage can be assessed. The following sequence of activities and schedule is submitted as a guide which should be reconsidered by the Mayor and Commissioners and revised as necessary after the damage assessment activities are completed. Activity 1. Complete Initial Damage Assessment 2. Complete Second Phase Damage Assessment 18 Immediately after storm passes Completed by second week after the storm Activity 3. Prepare Summary of Re- construction Needs 4. Decision with Regard to Imposition of Temporary Development Moratorium 5. Set Reconstruction Priorities and Prepare Master Reconstruction Schedule Time Frame Completed one week after second phase damage as- sessment is completed One week after second phase damage assessment is completed Completed one week after summary of reconstruction needs is completed 6. Begin Repairs to Critical As soon as possible Utilities and Facilities after disaster 7. Permitting of Recon- struction Activities for all Structures Re- ceiving Minor Damage Not Included in Development Moratorium Areas 8. Permitting of Recon- struction Activities for all Structures Re- ceiving Major Damage Not Included in Development Moratorium Areas 9. Initiate Assessment of Existing Mitigation Policies One week after second phase damage assessment is com- pleted Two weeks after second phase damage assessment is com- pleted Two weeks after second phase damage assessment is completed 10. Complete Re-evaluation of The length of the period Hazard Areas and Mitigation for conducting re-evalu- Policies in Areas Subjected ations and receiving input to Development Moratorium from the State should not exceed two months 11. Revise Mitigation Policies and Development Standards for Areas Subjected to De- velopment Moratorium and Lift Development Moratorium 12. Permit New Development Two months after Temporary Development Moratorium is imposed. (Subject to change based on circum- stances encountered) Upon suspension of any temporary development moratorium 19 E. Recommended Reconstruction Policies All the following policies have been designed to be; 1) considered and adopted by the Mayor and Commissioners of Emerald Isle prior to a storm; and 2) implemented, as approp- riate, after a storm occurs. Reentry 1. Reentry of Emerald Isle town residents and/or property owners shall not be permitted until 1) the critical damage assessment has been completed; 2) the Mayor proclaims the Town safe to re-enter, after the County Control Group issues an overall reentry order. 2. A list of Emerald Isle property owners and residents shall be maintained at the bridge entrances to the Bogue Banks. Valid identification must be shown in order to proceed on to the Island. Passes shall be issued and displayed at all times until the State of Emergency is officially lifted. (This procedure will require cooperation and reciprocal assistance from all Bogue Banks towns and unincorporated Salter Path. The towns of Emerald Isle and Atlantic Beach should take the lead in establishing such procedures as each has jurisdiction at each of the two bridges.) Permitting 1. Building permits to restore structures located outside of designated AEC areas that were previously built in con- formance with local codes, standards and the provisions of the North Carolina Building Code shall be issued auto- matically. 2. All structures suffering major damages as defined in the Town's Damage Assessment Plan shall be repaired or re- built to conform with the provisions of the North Carolina Building Code, the Emerald Isle Zoning Ordin- ance, and the Emerald Isle Floodplain Management Regu- lations. 3. All structures suffering minor damage as defined in the Emerald Isle Damage Assessment Plan shall be permitted to be rebuilt to their original state before the storm condition. ' 4. For all structures in designated AEC's and for all mobile home locations, a determination shall be made for each AEC as to whether the provisions of the N.C. Building Code, the State Regulations for Areas of 20 Environmental Concern, and the Emerald Isle Flood Plain Management Regulations appeared adequate in mini- mizing storm damages. For areas where the construction and use requirements appear adequate, permits shall be issued in accordance with permitting policies 1, 2 and 3. For AEC's where the construction and use require- ments do not appear to have been adequate in mitigating damages, a Temporary Development Moratorium for all structures located within that specific AEC shall be imposed. If mobile home damage is extensive, a mora- torium on the rebulding or replacement of mobile homes should be imposed in order for the Town to decide whether this should remain a permitted use. 5. Permits shall not be issued in areas subject to a Tem- porary Development Moratorium until such a moratorium is lifted by the Emerald Isle Town Council. Utility and Facility Reconstruction 1. All damaged water systems components shall be repaired so as to be elevated above the 100-year floodplain or shall be floodproofed, with the methods employed and the con- struction being certified by a registered professional engineer. 2. Overhead power lines and utility poles along Salter Path Road present the greatest obstacle to the safe evacuation of residents in the event of a major storm disaster. Re- locating these lines underground or moving them away from rights -of -way would be very costly at this time. However, if major damage occurs as a result of a storm, the cost effectiveness would improve and public safety considera- tions might override economic considerations. Emerald Isle should now request the EMC initiate an assessment of the feasibility of relocating overhead power lines under- ground or away from evacuation routes if substantial damage to the existing system is sustained during a major storm. Temporary Development Moratorium Under certain circumstances, interim development moratoriums can be used in order to give a local government time to assess damages, to make sound decisions and to learn from its storm experiences. Such a moratorium must be temporary and it must be reasonably related to the public health, safety and welfare. There is no doubt that Emerald Isle will suffer heavy and serious damages should a major storm have its landfall in its vicinity. Consequently, the Town should be prepared to issue Temporary Development Moratoriums as appropriate. 21 It is not possible to determine prior to a storm whether a temporary development moratorium will be needed. Such a measure should only be used if damage in a particular area is very serious and if redevelopment of the area in the same manner as previously existed would submit the residents of the area to similar public health and safety problems. In Emerald Isle, such a situation is most likely to occur in one or more of the AEC's. The Emerald Isle policy regarding the proclamation of #. temporary development moratoriums shall be: 1. To determine for each AEC whether the provisions of N.C. Building Code, the State Guidelines for Areas of Environmental Concern, and the Emerald Isle Floodplain Management Regulations appeared ' adequate in minimizing storm damages. For AEC's where the construction and use requirements do not appear adequate, a Temporary Development Moratorium for all structures located within that specific AEC shall be imposed. 2. To assess the overall damage to mobile homes within one week of the storm occurrence and to determine whether a temporary moratorium on the rebuilding of mobile homes suffering major damage should be imposed. 3. After imposing a Temporary Development Moratorium for an AEC, the Town of Emerald Isle shall request that the Coastal Resources Commission conduct a special analysis for the Town and all other com- munities so similar, in order to determine how local regulations for those hazard areas, which are based on State and or Federal guidelines or require- ments, should be improved or modified. A response from the State within a reasonable time period as determined through negotiations should be requested. 4. The Temporary Building Moratorium in all AEC's shall be lifted after local ordinances and regulations have been revised after receiving recommendations from the State or at the discretion of the Mayor and Council if a response is not made within a reasonable period of time. In the latter case, recon- struction shall be permitted in accordance with ' existing regulations and requirements. 5. If a temporary moratorium on the rebuilding of mobile homes is imposed, the Town Council shall within one month determine whether the Emerald Isle Zoning Ordinance should be revised so that mobile homes are no longer a permitted use in any Town zoning district. If such a ' policy decision is made, based on a review 22 of the magnitude of damages sustained, all existing mobile homes would be treated as non- conforming uses in accordance with the recom- mended revision of the Emerald Isle Zoning Ordinance (Chapter II of this report). Wind Damage It is assumed that many structures constructed to conform with the provisions of the North Carolina Building Code will not be able to withstand the accompanying winds if a major hurricane hits the N.C. coast. It is stated in Before the Storm that "the State Building Code, as it now stands, falls short in adequately protecting buildings from the damaging forces of hurricanes and other coastal storms. The Building Code Council, in seeking to maintain uniformity of regulation across the state, has been resistant in the past to allowing more stringent local standards. Another problem small coastal communities are likely to face is a lack of fiscal and staff resources to sponsor the engineering and architectural studies that the Building Code Council requires to justify any local variations to the Code." While Emerald Isle has no technical studies to indicate that the provisions of the Code are inadequate as they effect the Town, the Town should have some flexibility in imposing stricter standards if it desires. This is a problem that the Coastal Resources Commission must face if it expects local communities to take the initiative in developing effective storm mitigation programs. The Town policy shall be to request the Coastal Resources Commission to carefully assess this problem which is common to all coastal communities. ' L�� 1 23 1 APPENDIX F EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN 1 1 11 11 94Z E70tM Of &2F-r4afJ_q1fz 7500 -A'vtEli C toiuzu 2S55 September 13, 1985 JPfivnz (919)3511-3424) MEMORANDUM FROM: Mayor TO: All Emerald Isle Department Chiefs SUBJECT: Emerald Isle Destructive Weather Plan 1. PURPOSE: To outline instructions for the organization and and operation of the Town of Emerald Isle during destructive weather conditions. 2. ACTION: a. This plan is effective upon receipt. b. The establishment and operation of the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) will be in accordance with the attached plan. 3. APPLICABILITY: This plan is applicable to all employees of the Town of Emerald Isle and to volunteer workers participating in operations. ' 4. CERTIFICATION: Reviewed and approved this date. 11 ATTACHMENTS: See next page. Pete Allen, Mayor Date I EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN Attachments 1. Definitions 2. Responsibilities 3. Condition III Checklist - General (48 Hour) 4. Condition II Checklist - General (Hurricane Warning)'(24 Hour) S. Condition I Checklist - General (Hurricane Evacuation) ' 6. Condition I - Landfall Imminent 7. Police Department Traffic Control Procedures and Assignments ' 8. 9. Police Department Condition III Checklist Police Department Officers Checklist 10. Police Department Condition II Checklist 11. Police Department Evacuation Checklist 12. Fire &.Rescue Condition III Checklist 13. Fire & Rescue Condition II Checklist 14. Fire & Rescue Condition I Checklist ' 15. Fire & Rescue Evacuation Checklist 16. List of Available Heavy Equipment 17. Town Clerk's Office Evacuation Checklist 18. Tax Department Evacuation Checklist 19. Town Administrator's Evacuation Checklist 20. Maintenance Department Condition IV Checklist 21. 22. Maintenance Department Condition III Checklist Maintenance Department Condition II Checklist 23. Maintenance Department Condition I Checklist 24. Maintenance Department Evacuation Checklist ' 25. Inspection Department Checklist - Conditions III, II, I 26. Inspection Department Evacuation Checklist 1 I L EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN DEFINITIONS 100. GENERAL ' 1. Storms are a potential and continuous threat to the Town of Emerald Isle and communities along Bogue Banks. Adequate and timely warnings, coupled with prompt and effective actions by departments within the town, will minimize loss of life and damage to property by destructive weather conditions. 101. STORM SYSTEMS 1. Major Storm Systems. Storms of this type generally affect a wide area and have a life history of days rather than hours of effectiveness. a. Tropical Depression. Weather associated with a tropical cyclonic system with wind speeds up to 33 knots. b. Tropical Storm. Weather associated with a tropical cyclonic system with wind speeds between 34 and 63 knots. C. Hurricane. A tropical cyclone associated with high winds, usually 64 knots or greater, and torrential rain. d. Snowstorm. Based upon past local experience, various conditions of snow accumulation, sleet, freezing rain, or a- combination of all three conditions, can have a varied effect on roads and bridges. 2. Local Storm Systems. Storms of this category generally are localized and are usually short in duration. a. Local Wind Warnings. Local wind warnings may be given only when they are believed to be of sufficient force to warrant special precautions. b. Small Craft Warnings. Same as gale warnings with wind intensities of less severity. C. Thunderstorms. Thunderstorms are small scale storms and are always accompanied by lightning and thunder. Often hail is associated with thunderstorms and may inflict major damage. ' Lightning strikes are common, in addition to torrential rain and low visibility. d. Gale Warnings. Winds are steady and of sufficient force to cause heavy turbulence and high seas. Erosion of beachf rout areas is cause for major concern. ' Attachment #1 EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN 102. DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER CONDITIONS 1. Major Storm Conditions. Following are the storm conditions. For specific actions refer to the plan and checklists. a. Condition V. Normal state. Operations continue as normal. b. Condition IV. Destructive weather trends indicate the possibility of winds of destructive force within 72 hours. In snowstorm systems, a storm front has been reasonably established and weather reports indicate threat of snow in local area. C. Condition III. Winds of destructive force are possible within 48 hours. For snowstorm, weather reports indicate snow accumulation in neighboring areas. If trends continue, heavy snow is expected in the local area within 24 hours. d. Condition II. Winds of destructive force are anticipated within 24 hours. Heavy snowfall has commenced and snow is beginning to accumulate on road surfaces, creating hazardous road conditions. e. Condition I. Winds of destructive force are imminent or expected within 1 hours. For snowstorms, heavy snow, sleet, or freezing rain is accumulating in measurable quantities. Roads and bridges are extremely dangerous, and possible accumulation of ice on power lines and snowdrifts can be expected. f. Condition 0. Winds of destructive force have arrived. fl 1 1 r ' EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN RESPONSIBILITIES 200. GENERAL. Upon notification of Destructive Weather Condition III, specific actions must be accomplished by each town department to make a joint coordinated effort to minimize the possible effects of destructive weather. ' 201. "MAYOR, TOWN OF EMERALD ISLE. Assumes overall responsi- bility for the direction and operations concerning destructive weather. 202. DEPARTMENT RESPONSIBILITIES ' 1. Departments a. Emergency Management Coordinator and Assistant Emergency ' Management Coordinator (1) Make provisions for the establishment of the ' Emergency Operations Center in the Police Department and Town Hall. (2) Advise the Mayor of changes in the destructive weather conditions. (3) Upon setting of Condition III, activate the Emergency Operations Center and assume overall preparation and operation until return.to Condition IV. b. Police Department. Assume duties as outlined in the department checklist as determined by each condition. ' C. Maintenance Department. Assume duties as outlined in the department checklist for the condition at hand. d. Fire and Rescue Department. Assume duties as outlined in the department checklist for the condition at hand. e. Inspection Department. Assume duties as outlined in the ' department checklist for the condition at hand. Attachment 42 [I r, EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN CONDITION III CHECKLIST (HURRICAINE WATCH) (48 Hours before expected land all ACTION RESPONSIBILITY 1. Upon official notification of condi- Police Department ' tion III, the Communications Officer on duty will immediately notify the Chief of Police, Fire and Rescue Chief and others as reflected in the Police Department checklist. 2. The Police Chief or Fire Chief Police Chief or will, after reporting to the Police Fire Chief Dept, notify the Mayor and Town Administrator. 3. The Mayor will call a meeting of Mayor the Town Board and key town employees to review emergency plans. 4. The Mayor will place all town Mayor employees on standby alert. 5. The Emergency Operations Center Emergency Management will be activated at Town Hall. Coordinators ( Fire Chief & Police Chief 6. Establish communications -with EOC Carteret County Emergency Management Coordinator. ' 7. Staff Public Information Center Town Administrator at Town Hall. ' 8. Assemble all town records needed Town Administrator at reentry points and for damage assessment teams. 9. Check emergency generator, communi - Each Dept. ' cations equipment and supplies. 10. Fuel all town vehicles, including Each Dept. spare tanks when available. .11. Advise active construction projects Inspection Dept. P P to secure all materials. ' 12. Request Water Dept to being filling EOC water tanks. Attachment # 3 EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN CONDITION III CHECKLIST (HURRICANE WATCH) 48 hours before expected landfall ACTION RESPONSIBILITY 13. Notify campground operators EOC of pending storm and that campers, recreational vehicles, etc., will not be allowed over'the bridge once 40 mph winds are reached. EMER D ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHT PLAN CONDITION II CHECKLIST (HURRICANE WARNING) ' - 24 hours before expected landfall ACTION RESPONSIBILITY 1. Town representative to Carteret Mayor/Town EOC County Control Group departs for County Emergency Operations Center after ' being informed by the County EMC that a hurricane warning has been issued. 2. Establish communications with EOC county control group. ' 3. Assemble all town personnel and Mayor/Town EOC volunteers for final preparations and briefing. ' 4. Assemble, refuel and load all Each Dept vehicles. full. EOC 5. Verify all water tanks are 6. Evacuate all invalids and persons Fire & Rescue unable to evacuate themselves. ' 7. Confirm shelters are open with the EOC County Emergency Management Coordinator. 8. Secure town buildings other than Maintenance Dept ' EOC. 9. Designated town representatives Mayor/EOC ' depart for designated shelter to estab- lish an alternate town Emergency Operations Center. 10. Establish traffic control opera- Police Dept tions at key intersections. 11. Notify volunteer heavy equipment Police Dept/EOC operators with equipment and assign ' positions. 12. Accomplish any other requirements All concerned as deemed necessary. Attachment #4 1 ' .EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCT IVE WEATHER PLAN ' (CONDITION I CHECKLIST ( HURRICANE EVACUATION) (When notified by County Control Group) ACTION RESPONSIBILITY I. Proclaim state of emergency and Mayor issue local evacuation order. 2. Inform residents directly by sector Captain, Police Dep in accordance with established evacuation plan. Hand out maps to evacuation shelter. Method of informing residents will be by public address systems on ' Police vehicles and fire and rescue vehicles. ' 3. Carry out local traffic control Captain, Police Dep responsibilities. 4. Cut off water valves to water tanks. EOC requests Water Accomplish this after first notice is Dept. to do this. given to residents. One tank may be left on at the discretion of the EOC. 5. Cut off power to town buildings EOC ' with the exception of the EOC. 6. Cut off all propane tank valves to Dept. Chief town buildings. ' 7. Establish town Emergency Operations Mayor Center at alternate location. ' 8. Move town records to alternate Town Administrator Emergency Operations Center. ' 9. Station town trucks -and heavy equip- EOC/Captain, Police ment along evacuation routes to assist Dept/Maintenance in clearance operations. Dept. 10. Assist in evacuation. All departments as directed by the EOC ' and Captain, Police Dept. 11. Make f inal . check - to insure evacua- ' tion is complete, if time avails. ' 12. Drive town vehicles off island that are no longer needed. Individual Depts. Attachment #5 EMERk.-D ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHE.. `PLAN CONDITION I (LANDFALL IMMINENT) ACTION RESPONSIBILITY 1. Remove all emergency vehicles per each department's checklist. All emergency personnel will evacuate to the alternate town Emergency Operations Center. 2. If power has not been previously shut off to the town, request it be turned off at this time. 3. Town personnel stand by at the alternate Emergency Operations Center. 4. Maintain contact with County Control Group if possible. EOC/Each Dept EOC Town Administrator EOC Attachment #6 EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN ' POLICE DEPARTMENT TRAFFIC CONTROL PROCEDURES AND ASSIGNMENTS LIST 1. Traffic Control Points. During the evacuation phase, the following intersections will be manned on a "need" basis to regulate traffic flow. a. N.C. Highway 58 (Emerald Drive) and Coast Guard Road b. N.C. Highway 58 (Emerald Drive) and Islander Drive C. N.C. Highway 58 (Emerald Drive) and Mangrove Drive d. N.C. Highway 58 (Emerald Drive) and Bogue Inlet Drive 2. Evacuation Assignments. Upon receiving notification to commence the evacuation of Emerald Isle, elements from both the Police Department and the Fire and Rescue Department will be used. The town will be divided into three zones as indicated ' below: a. Zone 1: All areas west of Islander Drive which will be ' divided into two sectors. b. Zone 2: All areas east of Islander Drive to Arthur Drive which will be divided into four sectors. C. Zone 3: All areas east of Arthur Drive to eastern city limits which will be divided into four sectors. The responsibility for delivering the evacuation notice in Zones 1 and 3 will be assigned to the Police Department. Zone 2 will be assigned to the Fire and Rescue Department. 3. Sector Boundaries and Assignments a. ZONE 1 _ Polite Department (1) Sector A - One vehicle will be assigned to work all areas west of Lands End development. (2) Sector B - One vehicle will be assigned to work all areas west of Islander Drive up to and including Lands End development. b. ZONE 2 _ Fire and Rescue Department (1) Sector A -- One vehicle will be assigned to work all areas south of N.C. 58, east of Islander Drive to Bogue Inlet Drive. r Attachment # 7 r I EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN (2) Sector B -- One vehicle will be assigned to work all areas south of N.C. 58, east from Bogue inlet Drive to Arthur Drive. (3) Sector C -- One vehicle will be assigned to work all areas north of N.C. 58 east from Islander Drive area to Bogue Inlet Drive. (4) Sector D -- One vehicle will be assigned to work all areas north of N.C. 58 east from Bogue Inlet Drive up to and including all of Archers Point. C. ZONE 3 -- Police Department (1) Sector A -- One vehicle will be assigned to work all areas east of Arthur Drive to Clark Road. (2) Sector B -- One vehicle will be assigned to work all areas east of Clark Road to Connie Street. (3) Sector C -- One vehicle will be assigned to work all areas east of Connie Street to 16th Street. (4) Sector D -- One vehicle will be assigned to work all areas east of 16th Street to the eastern city limits. 4. Mutual Aid: Personnel and time permitting, one vehicle will be assigned to assist in the evacuation of the Salter Path and Indian Beach areas upon their request. 5. The number of vehicles assigned to evacuate a specific zone or sector may change depending upon the amount of time remaining before the arrival of the storm. 6. Detailed maps depicting the evacuation zcne and sectors will be provided to all personnel when evacuation is initiated. I 1 1 1 1 1 1 F 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 POLICE DEPARTMENT CONDITION III CHECKLIST All personnel notified of standby status; prepare to report for duty on short notice. Chief of Police, Assistant Chief and Lieutenant to meet with Town Administrator, Fire and Maintenance Chief. Insure window shutters are available for Police Department. Test start and refuel emergency generator. Assemble sufficient number of cots and blankets for department personnel. Inspect all 'first aid and rescue equipment. All walkie-talkie batteries are fully charged. Attachment #8 1 1 1 EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN POLICE DEPARTMENT CONDITION III OFFICERS' CHECKLIST Insure assigned vehicle is fueled and operationally sound. All vehicle equipment is in good working order. Obtain 10 additional road flares. Assemble the following clothing and equipment and maintain same in vehicle: -- 3 full uniforms, extra pair of uniform shoes, if available, rain gear, sufficient quantities of undergarments, socks and one set of civilian clothes such as blue jeans, pair of rubber or leather boots, toilet articles, sleeping bag or blanket and pillow. Prepare residence for approaching storm. At your discretion, prepare.family to evacuate to the Town's alternate EOC if and when it is necessary. 0 IAttachment #9 EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN POLICE DEPARTMENT CONDITION II CHECKLIST Establish Emergency Operations Center. Recall all Department personnel for meeting and assignments. Assign officers evacuation sectors. Fuel all vehicles. Coordinate evacuation efforts with Fire and Rescue personnel. Lieutenant to supervise Police Department relocation to Alternate EOC, will head department's advance team. iMaintain two dispatchers on duty while evacuation is in progress. Window shutters installed on windows. Animals in Town's kennel moved to safe place. Any police property outside the building to be secured. Insure wrecker is at designated place. Attachment 010 1 1 I 1 11 EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN POLICE DEPARTMENT EVACUATION CHECKLIST Should the severity of the approaching hurricane necessitate the temporary closing of the Police Department and evacuation of emergency personnel from Emerald Isle, the following equipment, records and office supplies will be transported to the alternate mainland EOC by the advance team. Emergency lanterns, stove, blankets, food, water, cots, extra.flashlight batteries and I-beam battery pack. Portable radio base station, if available, and all walkie-talkie chargers and batteries. Bullhorns, portable air tank, generator, drop cords, photographic equipment and film. Weapons, ammunition, pyrotdcbnics and other tactical equipment and additional road flares. All arrest, victim, property, field contact card file boxes, current year's OCA files and supporting documents.' Inventory cards. Personnel files. All necessary working forms: Arrest, IR, DAR, accident, field contact, communications logs, etc. (two weeks supply). First aid equipment and supplies. Office supplies: Writing tablets, pens, pencils, paper clips, stapler and staples, felt tip markers, one desk top calculator and city map. Investigative equipment stored in Detective vehicles. Attachment #11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i 1 1 1 EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN FIRE AND RESCUE CHECKLIST --.CONDITION III Notify all personnel of standby status. Be prepared to report on short notice. Establish liaison with Police Department. Test start and •fuel all generators. Ensure extra fuel is available for generators. Test start and insure all vehicles are fueled. Food and water available for two days. Start arrangements. Ensure all flashlights are charged. Ensure all walkie-talkies are fully charged. Ensure blankets are available•for members who may not be able to get off the island. Verify all equipment is secured and on vehicles. Verify and stock ambulances for extended operation. Inspect all trucks and ambulances for fuel, water, etc. Attachment #12 1 ri EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN FIRE*AND RESCUE CHECKLIST -- CONDITION II Recall all available personnel for department meeting. Secure any equipment that may be left outside. Coordinate evacuation efforts with Emergency Operations Center Deliver evacuation messages to assigned sectors using public address systems on Fire and Rescue vehicles. Maintain 3/4 tank of fuel in vehicles at all times. Rescue vehicle will -evacuate personnel requiring assistance; i.e., invalids or persons unable to drive. Prepare to move equipment to Alternate EOC. Maintain radio contact at all times. Note 1. Rescue takes priority over any other emergency. One rescue vehicle will remain at the main station at all times (unless on a call). This unit will be manned by at least two Emergency Medical Technicians. Note 2. Fire calls will take priority over other nonemergency- type incidents. There will be a minimum of two people on each fire vehicle with their turn -out gear on board the vehicle. Note 3. When reporting for duty, each person should bring enough clothes, food and water for a minimum of three days. Any addi- tional food, blankets, sleeping bags, etc., could well be used. IAttachment #13 EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN FIRE AND RESCUE CHECKLIST - CONDITION I Remove all designated fire and rescue equipment to the Alternate EOC. Stand by at EOC. EMTs provide help as required. rAttachment #14 EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN FIRE & RESCUE CHECKLIST -- EQUIPMENT TO HE REMOVED FROM ISLAND 1. Rescue #1 and #2. 2. Pumpers #2 and #3. 3. Equipment van (used to 'remove extra equipment and possibly records, etc. from Town Hall). 4. All pagers, monitors, radios and records necessary to start operations again. S. All turnout gear (including extra pants and boots, which will be issued to police officers and officials on the damage assessment teams). 6. Typewriter. 7. Any other equipment not mentioned that is vital to the operation of the Fire and Rescue Department. 8. Rescue boat and motor. Attachment #15 EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN LISTING OF AVAILABLE HEAVY EQUIPMENT L.B. Page Construction ---------- Dozers, Front -End Loaders and Road Graders and Dump Trucks Town of Emerald Isle ------------ sl Front -End Loader and Dump Truck Bogue Banks Water Dept.---------- Front -End Loader Glen Newsome -------------------- Front -End Loader, Dump Trucks and IDozers, Low -Boy Trailer -and Crane Coastal Leisure Homes ----------- Dozer, Front -End Loader and Low- s Boy Trailer Val's Garage Wrecker -------------------- Rigg s Amoco -- Wrecker Islander Care Care Center ------- Wrecker LISTING OF 4-WHEEL DRIVE VEHICLES Pete Allen -------- Blazer A. B. Crew -------- Bronco Johnny Overby ----- Jeep J. Conder-------- Jeep Town Maintenance -- 2 p/ups Fire Dept. -------- Mini -pumper Police Dept. ------ Bronco Mrs. Butcher ------ Blazer 1 Walt Gaskins ------ Blazer Attachment #16 EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN TOWN CLERK'S OFFICE EVACUATION CHECKLIST All items listed below are marked with a red, white and blue Emerald Isle sticker. Typewriter on desk. Calculator on desk (Sanyo). Town Clerk's files (three drawers on right side of desk, entire contents; middle desk drawer, entire contents). Tape recorder,' pedal, ear plugs (in cabinet nearest Clerk's desk). Official Codification Book (in file room on first shelf - green) . All Minute Books (in file room on first shelf). Three file cabinets marked with stickers --all drawers. Safe in file room marked with sticker. Three blue Agenda Books in Clerk's Office under blue tax books. Large file box in file room with bank statement and with sticker. Two Planning Board Minute Books, black (third shelf in file room). Attachment #17 EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN TAX DEPARTMENT EVACUATION CHECKLIST All items listed below are marked with red, white and blue Emerald Isle sticker. Tax Scroll in file room on top of safe. Ten -Year tax books in file room. Board of Adjustment Minutes in file room. Revenue Ledger in file room. All sticker -marked items on Tax Collector's desk top. Tax Collector files, right top desk drawer, entire drawer. Street number map. Parcel number scroll. Xerox copy machine. Attachment #18 I EMER " D ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHF PLAN TOWN ADMINISTRATOR'S EVACUATION CHECKLIST All items listed below are located in the Town Administrator's office. Contents from all desk drawers. Contents from all file cabinet drawers. These items are to be placed in the collapsible box behind file cabinet for transporting. 1 tAttachment #19 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 i 1 1 i 1 1 1 ENERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT'CHECKLIST - CONDITION IV Ensure material on hand to secure all Town buildings Ensure material on hand necessary to execute evacuation and reentry. Have fuel supplier top -off underground storage tanks. Attachment #20 EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT CHECKLIST -- CONDITION III All personnel notified of standby status; prepare to report for duty on short notice. _ Supervisor to meet with Town Administrator, Police and Fire Chief. Fuel all vehicles. All personnel secure all personal necessitites required for duration of emergency. Bring door and window shutters to specific locations. Refuel and test standby generator. Ensure all Maintenance communications gear is operable. Fill all standby fuel cans and water can. Remove all trash cans from beach. Raise "High Water" all signs. Attachment #21 t 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT CHECKLIST -- CONDITION II Call department personnel for meeting and assignment. •Install all window and door shutters. Load all material in vehicles required for evacua- tion and reentry (see attached list). Sandbag Maintenance building. Release all animals from pens. Maintain 3/4 tank of fuel in all vehicles at all times. Advise trash men to remove trucks and secure container lids. Secure all loose Town property. Guy -off communications tower. Attachment #22 EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT CHECKLIST -- CONDITION I to Alternate EOC. Move Town records Cut off all power, gas and water to Town buildings. Station Town trucks along evacuation route to in operations. assist clearance Assist other departments in evacuation, if required. Station front-end loader and 4-wheel drive truck on high ground near bridge for reentry. Keep evacuation route clear of fallen trees, etc. Final check. Move to Alternate EOC•and prepare for reentry. Attachment #23 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT CHECKLIST -- EQUIPMENT REMOVAL Stand-by fuel cans and water can Motor oil Chain and ropes Shovels, picks, rakes, etc. Barricades and signs Timbers Wire cable and clamps Drop cords and spare bulbs U-channel pry bars. Nails Tool box and all hand tools Chain saw and chains Dump truck Front -End Loader Pick -Up Trucks Brush cutter and blades Tarps Any other equipment necessary to the operaton of Maintenance Department. Attachment #24 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN INSPECTION DEPARTMENT PREPAREDNESS CHECKLIST CONDITION IV Ensure all material is on hand to secure department. Ensure material on hand to execute evacuation and reentry. CONDITION III All personnel notified of standby status.; prepare to report for duty on short notice. Supervisor to meet with Town Administrator, Police and Fire Chiefs. Fuel all vehicles. All personnel secure all personal necessities required for duration of emergency. Advise all construction projects to secure all materials. CONDITION II Call department personnel for meeting and assignments. Load all material in vehicles required for evacuation and reentry. Secure any loose items. Assist -other departments if required. CONDITION I Move Town records to Alternate EOC. Assist other departments if required. Final check. Move to Alternate EOC and prepare for reentry. Attachment #25 EMERALD ISLE DESTRUCTIVE WEATHER PLAN ' INSPECTIONS DEPARTMENT EVACUATION CHECKLIST All items listed below are marked with Emerald Isle red, white and blue stickers. Building permits fo . g p r prior year in file cabinets. Tax maps. Approved plats in map cabinet. CAMA filed in file cabinet. Planning Board files in file cabinet. Codification Book . Active permit list in desk drawer. Briefcase with supply of permits (filled from desk racks) ' Current Zoning Map on Board. Xerox Memorywriter Typewriter. i 1 1 1 i 1 Attachment #26 u 1 11 1 1 APPENDIX G ADOPTED RB3ULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT COASTAL STORMWATER CONTROLS ' ADOPTED REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT , COASTAL STORMWATER CONTROLS September 11, 1986 . ----------- ------------------ ---- ------ -------- ------- 15 NCAC 2B .0200 - CLASSIFICATIONS AND WATER QUALITY STANDARDS APPLICABLE TO SURFACE WATERS OF NORTH CAROLINA .0217 STORMWATER CONTROL CRITERIA TO PROTECT WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (a) In implementing the existing water quality standards to protect waters for their classified "best usage," it may be necessary to require controls of stormwater and associated waste constituents to ' fully achieve the uses specified by the stream classification. The purpose of this rule is to set appropriate performance criteria for stormwater treatment and disposal systems which may require a permit ' according to rules 2H .0125 and for the design of stormwater controls to protect water quality standards and "best usage." (b) Criteria for implementing and protecting water quality standards ' and classified uses from stormwater depend on stream classification as follows: (1) Class SA waters: (A) Stormwater must not be discharged to Class SA waters from precipitation events less severe than the 2-year, 24-hour event, including a 2-year, 1-hour intensity; this requirement applies to discharges directly to Class SA waters, and to discharges to waters in close proximity to Class SA waters that water quality standards and uses of Class SA waters may be threatened. (B) As an alternative, disposal fo•r- land areas which complies with rule 2H .0408 of this Subchapter is considered to comply with requirement (A) of this subparagraph; (2) Other waters: Appropriate performance criteria for the design of stormwater controls for other waters of the State shall be determined on a case -by -case basis by the Commission so as to provide adequate protection of water quality standards and classified uses in receiving waters. ------------------------------------------------- 15 NCAC 2B .0300 - ASSIGNMENT OF STREAM CLASSIFICATIONS .0301 CLASSIFICATIONS: GENERAL .(i) Unnamed Streams. (1) Any stream which is not named in the schedule of stream ' classifications carries the same classification as that assigned to the stream segment to which it is tributary except: ' (A) unnamed streams specifically described in the schedule of classifications: or (B) unnamed freshwaters tributary to tidal saltwaters will be classified "C";or I (C) after [the effective date of this rule], any newly -2- created areas of tidal saltwater which are connected i. to Class SA waters by approved dredging projects will be classified "SC" unless case -by -case reclassification proceedings are conducted. (2) The following river basins have different policies for unnamed streams entering other states or for specific areas of the basin: [List of River basins is not changed from existing rule.] ------------------------------------------------------- 15 NCAC 2H .0100 - WASTEWATER DISCHARGES TO SURFACE WATERS .0125 STORMWATER TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS Permits for stormwater treatment and disposal systems which discharge to surface waters shall be issued in accordance with United States Environmental Protection Agency regulations 40 CFR 122.21 and 122.26 which are adopted by reference as amended through August 29, 1985. 15 NCAC 2H..0400 - Coastal Waste Treatment Disposal .0404 FACILITY LOCATION AND DESIGN (a) No domestic sewage regardless of the treatment proposed and no other wastes which could adversely affect the taking of shellfish for market purposes shall be discharged into waters classified "SA", into unnamed waters tributary to "SA" waters classified "C" or "SC" in accordance with Rule 2H .0301(i)(1)(B) and (C), or into other waters in such close proximity as to adversely affect such "SA" waters. Wastes discharged into other waters tributary to waters classified "SA" shall be treated in such manner as to assure that no impairment of water quality in the "SA" segments shall occur. No permits shall be issued for discharges into waters classified "SA" unless Shellfish Sanitation, Environmental Health Section. Department of Human Resources, provides written concurrence that the discharge would not adversely affect shellfish water quality or the propagation of shellfish. .040S DISPOSAL OF STORMWiI)TER (a) Policy. Since stormwater runoff from developed areas can exceed water quality standards for Class SA waters and potentialy cause waters to be closed to the taking of shellfish, this regulation specifies requirements for controlling stormwater runoff near coastal waters in order to implement the water quality standards and to protect existing uses. (b) Relation to other regulations. This regulation implements water quality standards for Class SA waters given in Rules 2B .0212 and 2B .0217 of this Subchapter. ' (c) Definitions. (1) Development means any land disturbing activity which adds or changes the amount of impervious or partially impervious cover on a land area or may otherwise decrease the infiltration of precipitation into the soil thus altering the hydrological characteristics of the area; (2) Effective impervious cover means that portion of a land area which due to modification by man allows restricted infiltration of precipitation into the soil and is expressed as a percentage of the total land area of the ' project site; this area is calculated by considering the total built -upon area (including roof -tops, driveways, roads, parking areas, patios, decks, etc.) and giving credits for partially pervious surfaces such as gravel drivewaysp porous pavements, or decking; (3) Redevelopment means any rebuilding activity following fires, hurricanes or other natural disaster or other public restoration projects designated by the Commission. (d) Applicability. Stormwater controls for projects which•diain directly or indirectly into Class SA waters will be implemented as follows: I (1) By providing comments to the Division of Coastal Management, the director will require all major development activities on project sites greater than one acre which extend into the 75 foot Estuarine Shoreline Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) specified in 15 NCAC 7H .0209 to either meet certain set -back and impervious area requirements or have a stormwater treatment and disposal system unless a certification is obtained from the director that the site is situated such that water 1 quality standards and uses of waters for shellfishing are not threatened regardless of the type and degree of development; ' (2) Within 575 feet of Class SA waters, projects not addressed in (1) above on project sites greater than one acre which require submittal of a sedimentation and erosion control plan to the. Division of Land Resources or delegated authority in accordance with 15 NCAC 4B .0005 must either meet certain impervious area requirements or have a stormwater treatment and disposal system ' unless a certification is obtained from the director that the site is situated such that water quality standards and uses of waters for shell -fishing are not ' threatened regardless of the type and degree of development: (3) NPDES permits for stormwater treatment and disposal systems may be required on a case -by -case basis according to 2H .0125 of this Subchapter if stormwater discharges from the site are determined to threaten'water quality standards and uses of Class SA waters; (4) Redevelopment of a site does not need to meet the requirements of this Rule if: i / -4- (A) It is a similar type of development with the same ; number or fewer units as the previous development and it employs stormwater controls to the maximum ' extent practicable; or (B) It is public restoration activities approved by the Commission; (e) Projects utilizing density limits for stormwater control. (1) Development which requires a major development permit as described in Paragraph (d) (1) of this Rule shall be deemed permitted pursuant to G.S. 143.215.1(d) if: (A) Effective impervious cover does not exceed 20 percent of the project site in the AEC and 30 percent between 75 feet and 575 feet from SA waters; (B) Built -upon area is at least 30 feet from surface waters (ie. the mean high water line); however, boat ramps, roads, bridges, and walkways are allowed within 30 feet of surface waters if they meet the requirements of (C) of this subparagraph; (C) Boat ramps, public roads, public bridges, and walkways: (i) minimize impervious surfaces, divert stormwater away from the water if possible, utilize buffer areas and employ other best management practices which are practicable; and (ii) drain only the surface of the boat ramp and not adjacent facilities to surface waters: (2) Development which requires a sedimentation and erosion control plan as described in Paragraph (d) (2) of this Rule shall be deemed permitted pursuant to G.S. 143.215.1(d) if: (A) effective impervious cover does not exceed 30 percent for the portion of the project site between 75 feet and 575 feet ; and (B) at least 60 days prior to the beginning of construction a description of the proposed project is submitted to the Regional Office of the division on a form provided by the division; Forms shall be signed by the owner or agent certifying that the project complies with the requirements of this Paragraph; Construction may begin unless the division notifies the owner that that the proposed project does not comply with this Rule; (3) For the purposes of this Rule, effective impervious cover will be calculated by considering certain surfaces as partially impervious: (A) marl and well-pact.-.ed or heavily used gravel roads are '90% impervious. (B) turfstone and not heavily used gravel are 70% impervious; (C) elevated wooden walkways and decks are lo% impervious; (D) water surfaces of swimming pools, and drainfields are 0% impervious; 1 11 -5- (E) Asphalt, concrete, brick, wood, and other impermeable surfaces which prevent land area from infiltrating stormwater are 100% impervious; The area of rotary distributors for wastewater disposal shall not be included as part of the project site in calculations of effective impervious cover. (f)- Projects utilizing stormwater treatment and disposal systems. Development described in Paragraphs (d) (1) and (2) of this Rule which do not meet the requirements in Paragraph (e) of this Rule shall be deemed permitted pursuant to G.S. 143.215.1(d) upon receipt of a permit from the Coastal Resources Commission or approval from the Division of Land Resources (or delegated authority) if the project has a stormwater infiltration or diversion system in accordance with the following: (1) All stormwater runoff from areas with impervious surfaces (excluding boat ramps) from a storm up to a 2-year, 24-hour storm, including the 2-year, 1-hour peak intensity, shall be infiltrated on -site, diverted to an adequate disposal site, or treated to comply with water quality standards prior to discharge; (2) Infiltration systems or permeable storage lagoons for collected stormwater shall be located at least 75 feet from the mean high water line of Class SA waters and 50 feet from other surface waters including coastal wetland areas as defined in 15 NCAC 7H .0205. (3) The bottom of infiltration systems, ponds or lagoons designed to be dry between storm events must be at least two feet above the seasonal high water table and designed to have a drawdown time of 5 days or less; site specific analyses can be used to demonstrate that a 2 foot separation is not necessary; (4) An operation and maintenance plan or manual shall be provided for stormwater systems, indicating what operation and maintenance actions are needed, what specific quantitative criteria will be used for determining when those actions are to be taken, and who is responsible for those actions; (5) For stormwater infiltration or diversion systems implemented according to Paragraph (d) (1), the major development permit must contain the conditions recommended by the division in accordance with this Rule; Any violation of these permit conditions shall be considered a violation of a permit of the commission; (b) For development which requires a sedimentation and erosion control plan according to Paragraph (d) (2) of this Rule, a full description of the site, the development and the stormwater control system must be submitted to the division prior to or concurrently with the submittal of the sedimentation and erosion control plan; Comments from the division must be incorporated into the stormwater control system; Failure to maintain these systems according to the provisions of this Rule shall be considered a violation of a permit of the commission; (7) Stormwater treatment or diversion systems must be designed by a North Carolina registered professional engineer; Upon completion of constrLIC:tion, a certification from a -b- professional engineer must be submitted to the division certifying that the system was constructed in accordance with the plans and specifications reviewed by the division and that the system complies with the requirements of this Rule; (8) Innovative measures -for controlling stormwater pollution or methods for designing stormwater systems which are not well established through actual experience may be individually permitted on a demonstration basis under the fallowing criteria: (A) there is a reasonable expectation that the innovative measure will be successful; (B) demonstration projects shall be located where site characteristics will minimize passible impacts on shellfish waters and shall not be located where failure of the project could directly pollute highly productive shellfish beds; (C) demonstration projects shall have a monitoring program to adequately establish the effectiveness of the innovative measure or method; and Due to the need to assure reliable disposal of stormwater, not more than two demonstration projects for each innovative measure or method shall be approved until the effectiveness of the measure or method has been demonstrated for an appropriate time period to be specified at the time the project is approved. Systems which treat and discharge (as provided in G.S. 143-215.1(a)(1)) stormwater to SA waters or to other waters in close proximity to Class SA waters must have an NPDES permit in accordance with 15 NCAC 2H Section .0100; .0409 TRIAL IMPLEMENTATION PERIOD FOR COASTAL STORMWATER CONTROLS The provisions of 15 NCAC 2H .0408 shall expire December 31. 1987 or one (1) year from the effective date. which ever is later, unless this Rule (15 NCAN 2H .0409)is specifically amended or repealed by the commission. stormsep.rec vol. 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 SCHEMAT)C OF REGULATIONS FOR COASTAL STORMWATER TO PROTECT CLASS SA WATERS Is the site within 575 ft. -NO of SA waters? STORMWATER CONTROLS NOT REQUIRED Y5S Does the project require a CAMA rnsjar development permit and Is the site greater than one acre? NO YES STORMWATER NO Does the Proles require CONTROLS a sedimentation/erosion NOT REQUIRED control plan? _ YES Is the effective impervious Is the effective impervious cover of the project greater NO NO cover of the project 4eatw then 20% within the AEC and DEEMED PERMITTED tin 30% within 575 tL 30% outside of the AEC. of SA waters. YES YES Does the project have a stormwater control System that will retain the two-year design storm? YES NO DEEM® OBTAIN NPDES PERMITTED DISCHARGE PERMIT F APPENDIX H MARINA REGULATIONS ADOPTED BY NCDEM L 11 1 11 1] ' 15 NCAC 7H .0208(b)(5); has been amended as follows: .0208 USE STANDARDS (b) (5) Marinas. Marinas are defined as any publicly or privately owned dock, basin, or wet boat storage facility constructed to accommodate more than 10 ' boats and providing any of the following services: permanent or transient docking spaces, dry storage, fueling facilities, haulout facilities, and repair service. Excluded from this definition ' are boat ramp facilities allowing access only, temporary docking and none of the preceeding services. Expansion of existing facilities shall ' also comply with these standards for all development other than maintenance and repair necessary to maintain previous service levels. (A) Marinas shall be sited in non -wetland areas or in deep waters (areas not requiring dredging) and shall not disturb valuable shallow water, submerged aquatic vegetation, and wetland habitats, except for dredging . necessary for access to high -ground sites. The following four alternatives for siting marinas are listed in order of preference for the least damaging alternative; marina projects shall be designed to have the highest of these four priorities that is ' deemed feasible by the permit letting agency: (i) an upland basin site requiring no alteration of wetland or estuarine habitat and providing adequate flushing by tidal or wind generated water circulation; ' (ii) an upland basin site requiring dredging for access when the necessary dredging ' and operation of the marina will not result in the significant degradation of existing fishery, shellfish, or wetland resources and the basin design ' shall provide adequate flushing by tidal or wind generated water circulation; (iii) an open water site located outside a primary nursery area which utilizes ' piers or docks rather than channels or canals to reach deeper water; and (iv) an open water marina requiring excavation of no intertidal habitat, and no dredging greater than the depth of the connecting channel. (B) Marinas which require dredging shall not be ' located in primary nursery areas nor in areas which require dredging through primary ' nursery areas for access. Maintenance dredging in primary nursery areas for existing marinas will be considered on a case -by -case basis. (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) (I) To minimize coverage of public waters by docks and moored vessels, dry storage marinas shall be used where feasible. Marinas to be developed in waters subject to public trust rights (other than those created by dredging upland basins or canals) for the purpose of providing docking for residential developments shall be allowed no more than 27 sq. ft. of public trust waters for every one lin. ft. of shoreline adjacent to these public trust waters for construction of docks and mooring facilities. The 27 sq. ft. allocation shall not apply to fairway areas between parallel piers or any portion of the pier used only for access from land to the docking spaces. To protect water quality of shellfishing areas marinas shall not be located within areas documented as a natural shellfish bed or adjacent to such areas if shellfish harvest closure is anticipated to result from the marina operation. A natural shellfish bed is defined in NCAC 3C .0302 as an area of public bottom when ten bushels or more of shellfish per acre are found to be growing. This rule shall not apply to waters considered by the state to be permanently closed to the taking of shellfish. Marinas shall not be located without written consent from the controlling parties in areas of submerged lands which have been leased from the state or deeded by the state. Marina basins shall be designed to promote flushing through the following design criteria: (i) the basin and channel depths shall gradually increase toward open water and shall never be deeper than the waters to which they connect; and (ii) when possible, an opening shall be provided at opposite ends of the basin to establish flow -through circulation. Marinas shall be designed to minimize adverse effects on navigation and public use of waters while allowing the applicant adequate access to deep waters. Marinas shall be located and constructed so as to avoid adverse impacts on navigation throughout all federally maintained channels and their immediate boundaries. This includes mooring sites (permanent or temporary), speed or traffic reductions, or any other device, either physical or regulatory, that may cause a federally maintained channel to be restricted. 1 1 11 LI 1 (J) Open water marinas shall be not enclosed ' within breakwaters that preclude circulation sufficient to maintain water quality. (K) Marinas which require dredging shall provide acceptable areas to accommodate disposal needs for future maintenance dredging. Proof of the ability to truck the spoil material from the marina site to an acceptable ' disposl area will be acceptable. (L) Marina design shall comply with all applicable requirements for management of stormwater runoff. (M) Marinas shall post a notice prohibiting the discharge of any waste from boat toilets and ' explaining the availability of information of local pump -out services. (N) Boat maintenance areas must be designed so that all scraping, sandblasting, and painting will be done over dry land with adequate containment devices to prevent entry of waste materials into adjacent waters. (0) All marinas shall comply with all applicable standards for docks and piers, bulkheading, dredging and spoil disposal. (P) All applications for marinas shall be t reviewed to determine their potential impact and compliance with applicable standards. ' Such review shall consider the cumulative impacts of marina development. (Q) Replacement of existing marinas to maintain previous service levels shall be allowed provided that the preceeding rules are complied with to the maximum extent possible, with due consideration being given to ' replacement costs, service needs, etc. History Note: Statutory Authority G.S. 113A-107(a); 113A-107(b); 113A-113(b); t Eff. September 9, 1977; Amended Eff. June 1, 1986; December 1, 1985; March 1, 1985; July 1, 1983. 1 1 1 1 1