CAMA Core Land Use Plan-2009

TYRRELL COUNTY/
TOWN OF COLUMBIA
LAMA CORE LAND USE PLAN
Adopted by the Tyrrell County Board of Commissioners: December 15, 2009
Adopted by the Town of Columbia Board of Alderman: February 1, 2010
Certified by the Coastal Resources Commission: 12010
Prepared By:
Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Wilmington, North Carolina
The preparation of this document was financed in part through a grant provided by the North
Carolina Coastal Management Program,, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management
Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

TYRRELL COUNTY/
TOWN OF COLUMBIA
CAMA CORE LAND USE PLAN
Adopted by the Tyrrell County Board of Commissioners: December 15, 2009
Adopted by the Town of Columbia Board of Alderman: February 1, 2010
Certified by the Coastal Resources Commission: , 2010
Prepared By:
Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Wilmington, North Carolina
The preparation of this document was financed in part through a grant provided by the North
Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management
Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

TYRRELL COUNTY/TOWN OF COLUMBIA
CAMA CORE LAND USE PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
SECTION I. INTRODUCTION ........................................... 1
A. BACKGROUND 1
B. WHY PLAN? .................................................... 2
C. REGULATORY AUTHORITY AND PLANNING MODEL ........................ 3
SECTION II. TYRRELL COUNTY AND TOWN OF COLUMBIA HISTORY ................ 4
SECTION III. TYRRELL COUNTY REGIONAL SETTING ........................... 8
SECTION IV. TYRRELL COUNTY CONCERNS AND ASPIRATIONS .................... 9
A. KEY ISSUES/DOMINANT GROWTH -RELATED ISSUES ....................... 9
B. VISION STATEMENT ............................................. 10
SECTION V. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING AND EMERGING CONDITIONS 11
A. POPULATION, HOUSING, AND ECONOMY ..............................
11
1.
Tyrrell County Permanent Population ............................
11
a.
Region R, North Carolina, and Tyrrell County .................
11
b.
Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia Population Profile .............
13
C.
Population Summary ...................................
15
2.
Housing .................................................
16
a.
Housing Occupancy and Tenure ...........................
16
b.
Structure Age ........................................
17
C.
Housing Conditions ....................................
17
d.
Single- and Multi -Family Units .............................
18
e.
Housing Summary ....................................
19
3.
Employment and Economy ....................................
19
a.
Introduction/Overview of General Economic Indicators ...........
19
b.
Household Income ....................................
20
C.
Employment by Industry ................................
21
d.
Earnings by Industry ..................................
22
e.
Employment Commuting Patterns .........................
24
f.
Tourism ...........................................
24
g.
Employment and Economic Summary .......................
25
4.
Population Projections .......................................
25
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B. NATURAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS ......................................
26
1.
Natural Features - Analysis and Mapping ..........................
26
a. Topography and Geology ...............................
26
b. Climate ............................................
26
C. Flood Zones ...........................................
26
d. Manmade Hazards ....................................
29
e. Soils ..............................................
30
f. Water Supply .... .................. ..... ........
32
g. Fragile Areas and Areas of Environmental Concern ..............
32
(1) Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shorelines ..............
33
(2) . Public Trust Waters ..............................
35
(3) Coastal Wetlands ................................
36
(4) Protected Lands and Significant Natural Heritage Areas ......
41
(5) Outstanding Resource Waters .......................
43
(6) Ocean Beaches and Shorelines & Inlet Hazard Areas .......
43
h. Areas of Resource Potential ..............................
44
(1) Regionally Significant Parks .........................
44
(2) Marinas and Mooring Fields .........................
44
(3) Floating Homes ...............................
45
(4) Aquaculture ...................................
45
(5) Channel Maintenance .............................
45
(6) Marine Resources (Water Quality) ....................
46
2.
Environmental Composite Map .................................
48
3.
Environmental Conditions (Water Quality, Natural Hazards,
and Natural Resources) ......................................
50
a. Pasquotank River Basin .................................
51
b. Subbasin 03-01-51 .... .......... ..................
52
C. Subbasin 03-01-53....................................
53
d. Registered Animal Operations within Pasquotank River Basin ......
54
e. Growth Trends .......................................
54
C. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING COMMUNITY FACILITIES/SERVICES .................
55
1.
Transportation ............................................
55
2.
Health Care ..............................................
55
3.
Law Enforcement ..........................................
56
4.
Fire Services ..............................................
56
5.
Emergency Medical Services ...................................
57
6.
Administration ............................................
57
7.
Water System .............................................
57
8.
Sewer System ............................................
59
9.
Schools .................................................
60
10.
Recreation ..............................................
61
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11.
Stormwater Management .....................................
61
a. Introduction ..........................................
61
b. Existing Drainage Problems ..............................
61
C. Water Quality .......................................
61
d. EPA Regulations ......................................
62
e. Coastal Stormwater Rules ...............................
62
f. North Carolina Shoreline Buffering .................. . ...
63
D. CURRENT LAND USE PLANS AND POLICIES .............................
64
1.
Zoning ..................................................
64
2.
Subdivision Ordinance .......................................
65
3.
Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance ............................
66
4.
Hazard Mitigation Plan .......................................
66
5.
Review of the 1996 Tyrrell County CAMA Land Use Plan ...............
66
E. LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS (LSA)..................................
79
F. ANALYSIS OF LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT ...........................
82
1.
Introduction ..............................................
82
2.
Land Use in Relation to Water Quality ...........................
82
3.
Existing Land Use ..........................................
84
a. Residential ..........................................
85
b. Commercial .........................................
85
C. Industrial ...........................................
86
4.
Historic, Cultural, and Scenic Areas ...............................
86
SECTION VI.
PLAN FOR THE FUTURE .....................................
87
A.
FUTURE DEMANDS ..............................................
87
1.
Introduction ..............................................
87
2.
Transportation ............................................
87
3.
Education........ ......................................
88
4.
Recreation ...............................................
88
5.
Water System .............................................
89
6.
Sewer System ............................................
89
7.
Administration ............................................
90
8.
Law Enforcement ............... ............. ...........
90
9.
Fire/EMS ................................................
91
B.
LAND
USE/DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND IMPLEMENTING ACTIONS .............
91
C.
POLICIES/IMPLEMENTING ACTIONS ..................................
91
1.
Introduction ....... ....... .................. .........
91
2.
Policies Regarding Land Use and Development in AECs ................
94
D.
LAND
USE PLAN MANAGEMENT TOPICS ...............................
95
1.
Introduction ............................................
95
2.
Impact of CAMA Land Use Plan Policies on Management Topics ..........
95
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3.
Public Access .............................................
96
4.
Land Use Compatibility ......................................
98
5.
Infrastructure Carrying Capacity ...............................
108
6.
Natural Hazard Areas ......................................
113
7.
Water Quality ............................................
115
8.
Local Areas of Concern .....................................
119
E. FUTURE LAND USE .................................... .......
125
1.
Introduction .............................................
125
2.
Future Land Use Maps ......................................
131
3.
Locational Aspects of Land Use ...............................
133
4.
Land Demand Forecast .....................................
141
5.
Infrastructure Carrying Capacity ...............................
142
a. Water ............................................
142
b. Sewer ............................................
142
SECTION VII. TOOLS FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT ......................... 145
A. GUIDE FOR LAND USE DECISION MAKING ............................. 145
B. EXISTING DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM ................................ 145
C. ADDITIONAL TOOLS ............................................ 145
D. ACTION PLAN/SCHEDULE ........................................ 146
E. RESOURCE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN/POSITIVE AND
NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF LAND USE PLAN POLICIES 148
TABLES
Table 1 Tyrrell County, Region R, and North Carolina Total Population and
Percentage Change, 1970-2000 ..............................
11
Table 2
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia Population Growth by Township ..
12
Table 3
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia Racial Composition, 1970-2000 ...
13
Table 4
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia Age Composition, 1990 and 2000
14
Table 5
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia Education Attainment, 2000 .....
15
Table 6
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia Housing Occupancy and Tenure,
1990 and 2000.......................................
16
Table 7
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia Housing Structure, 2000 ........
17
Table 8
Tyrrell County and North Carolina Housing Conditions ..............
18
Table 9
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia Units in Structure and Mobile Home
Count,2000 ..........................................
18
Table 10
Tyrrell County Workforce and Education Rank ....................
19
Table 11
Tyrrell County Income, Housing, and Poverty Rank ................
- 20
Table 12
Town of Columbia, Tyrrell County, and North Carolina Household Income
20
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Table 13
Town of Columbia and Tyrrell County Employment by Industry .......
21
Table 14
Tyrrell County Top Employers ...............................
22
Table 15
Tyrrell County and North Carolina Employment and Wages by Sector ...
23
Table 16
Tyrrell County Travel Time to Work ...........................
24
Table 17
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia Population Projections, 2005-2030
25
Table 18
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia Acreage in Flood Hazard Areas ...
27
Table 19
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia Slow Moving Hurricane Inundation
28
Table 20
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia Fast Moving Hurricane Inundation
28
Table 21
Tyrrell County Soil Characteristics ............................
30
Table 22
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia Wetland Areas by Type ...
38
Table 23
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia Protected Lands ..............
41
Table 24
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia Significant Natural Heritage Areas
42
Table 25
NC Division of Water Quality Water Body Classifications .............
46
Table 26
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia Water Bodies and Classifications ..
47
Table 27
Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia Environmental Composite Map Layers
49
Table 28
Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia Land Use Acreage by Class .........
49
Table 29
Local Governments and Planning Units within the Pasquotank River Basin
51
Table 30
Subbasin 03-01-51 Description ..............................
52
Table 31
Subbasin 03-01-53 Description ..............................
53
Table 32
Pasquotank River Basin Registered Animal Operations ..............
54
Table 33
Tyrrell County Water System Average Daily Water Use by Month .......
58
Table 34
Tyrrell County Water System Average Annual Daily Water Use by Type ..
58
Table '35
Town of Columbia Water System Average Daily Water Use by Month ...
58
Table 36
Town of Columbia Water System Average Annual Daily Water
Use by Type ................ ..........................
59
Table 37
Tyrrell County Wastewater System Average Daily Discharge by Month ...
59
Table 38
Town of Columbia Wastewater System Average Daily Discharge by Month
60
Table 39
Tyrrell County Public Schools ...............................
60
Table 40
Town of Columbia Zoning ..................................
65
Table 41
Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia Land Suitability Analysis Criteria .....
80
Table 42
Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia LSA Acreage ...................
81
Table 43
Tyrrell County Existing Land Use by Subbasin ....................
83
Table 44
Tyrrell County 2006 Existing Land Use Acreages ..................
84
Table 45
Town of Columbia 2006 Existing Land Use Acreages ...............
84
Table 46
National Recreation Standards and Demand for Facilities in Tyrrell County
88
Table 47
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia Future Land Use Acreages ......
132
Table 48
Tyrrell County Land Demand Forecast .........................
141
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Table 49 Town of Columbia Land Demand Forecast .................... 142
Table 50 Tyrrell County Infrastructure Demand Forecast Water System ...... 144
Table 51 Town of Columbia Infrastructure Demand Forecast Water System ...... 144
Table 52 Tyrrell County Policy Analysis Matrix .... ................... 149
APPENDICES
Appendix I
Tyrrell County Citizen Participation Plan
Appendix II
Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia Land Use Plan Maps
Map 1, General Location Map
Map 2A, Flood Hazard Areas Unincorporated Areas,
Map 2B, Flood Hazard Areas Town of Columbia
Map 3A, Storm Surge Inundation Unincorporated Areas
Map 3B, Storm Surge Inundation Town of Columbia
Map 4, Soil Classification
Map 5, Wetlands
Map 6A, Protected Lands Unincorporated Areas
Map 6B, Protected Lands Town of Columbia
Map 7, Significant Natural Heritage Areas
Map 8, Locations of Water Bodies
Map 9A, Environmental Composite Unincorporated Areas
Map 9B, Environmental Composite Town of Columbia
Map 10, North Carolina River Basins and Subbasins
Map 11, Transportation Improvement Program Projects
Map 12, Town of Columbia Zoning
Map 13, Land Suitability Analysis
Map 14A, Existing Land Use Unincorporated Areas
Map 14B, Existing Land Use Town of Columbia
Map 15, Land Use in Relation to Water Quality
Map 16, Sewer Service Districts/Lines
Map 17A, Tyrrell County Future Land Use
Map 17B, Town of Columbia Future Land Use
Appendix III
Policy/Implementing Action Definitions of Common Terms
Appendix IV
Agricultural and Forestry Best Management Practices
Appendix V
Traditional Neighborhood Development Street Types
Appendix VI
Tyrrell County Multi -Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan Mitigation
Strategies and Policies
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MATRIX OF REQUIRED ELEMENTS
ELEMENT
CAMA CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(a) Organization of the Plan
page 1
(b) Community Concerns and Aspirations
(1) Significant Existing and Emerging Conditions
page 9
(2) Key Issues
page 9-10
(3) A Community Vision
page 10
(c) Analysis of Existing and Emerging Conditions
pages 11-15
(1) Population, Housing, and Economy
(A) Population:
(i) Permanent population growth trends using data from the
two most recent decennial Censuses;
(ii) Current permanent and seasonal population estimates;
(iii) Key population characteristics;
(iv) Age; and
(v) Income
(B) Housing Stock:
pages 16-19
(i) Estimate of current housing stock, including permanent and
seasonal units, tenure, and types of units (single-family,
multi -family, and manufactured); and
(ii) Building permits issued for single-family, multi -family, and
manufactured homes since last plan update
(C) Local Economy
pages 19-25
(D) Projections
page 25
(2) Natural Systems Analysis
(A) Mapping and Analysis of Natural Features
(i) Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs);
pages 32-43
(ii) Soil characteristics, including limitations for septic tanks,
pages 30-32
erodibility, and other factors related to development;
(iii) Environmental Management Commission water quality
pages 46-48
classifications and related use support designations, and
Division of Environmental Health shellfish growing areas and
water quality conditions;
(iv) Flood and other natural hazard areas;
pages 26-29
(v) Storm surge areas;
(vi) Non -coastal wetlands including forested wetlands, shrub-
pages 44-46
scrub wetlands, and freshwater marshes;
vii Water supply watersheds or wellhead protection areas;
page 32
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ELEMENT
CAMA CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(viii) Primary nursery areas, where mapped;
pages 44-48
(ix) Environmentally fragile areas; and
pages 32-44
(x) Additional natural features or conditions identified by the
pages 26-30
local government.
(B) Composite Map of Environmental Conditions:
pages 48-50
(i) Class I
(ii) Class II
(iii) Class III
(C) Environmental Conditions
pages 50-54
(i) Water Quality:
(I) Status and changes of surface water quality, including
impaired streams from the most recent NC Division of
water Quality Basinwide Water Quality Plans, 303(d) List
and other comparable data;
(II) Current situation and trends on permanent and
temporary closures of shellfishing waters as
determined by the Report of Sanitary Survey by the
Shellfish Sanitation Section of the NC Division of
Environmental Health;
(III) Areas experiencing chronic wastewater treatment
system malfunctions; and
(IV) Areas with water quality or public health problems
related to non -point source pollution
(ii) Natural Hazards:
(I) Areas subject to storm hazards such as recurrent
flooding, storm surges, and high winds;
(II) Areas experiencing significant shoreline erosion as
evidenced by the presence of threatened structures
or public facilities; and
(III) Where data is available, estimates of public and
private damage resulting from floods and wind that
has occurred since the last plan update
(iii) Natural Resources:
(I) Environmentally fragile areas or areas where resource
functions may be impacted as a result of development;
and
II Areas containing potentially valuable natural resources
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page viii

ELEMENT
CAMA CORE
LAND USE ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(3) Analysis of Land Use and Development
pages 82-86
(A)
A map of land including the following: residential, commercial,
see Maps 14A
industrial, institutional, public, dedicated open space,
and 14 B,
agriculture, forestry, confined animal feeding operations, and
Appendix II
undeveloped;
(B)
The land use analysis shall including the following:
(i) Table that shows estimates of the land area allocated to
page 84
each land use;
(ii) Description of any land use conflicts;
pages 82-84
(iii) Description of any land use -water quality conflicts;
(iv) Description of development trends using indicators; and
(v) Location of areas expected to experience development
during the five years following plan certification by the CRC
and a description of any potential conflicts with Class II or
Class III land identified in the natural systems analysis
(C)
Historic, cultural, and scenic areas designated by a state or
page 86
federal agency or by local government
(D)
Projections of future land needs
page 141
(4) Analysis of Community Facilities
(A)
Public and Private Water Supply and Wastewater Systems
pages 57-60
(B)
Transportation Systems
page 55
(C)
Stormwater Systems
pages 61-63
(D)
Other Facilities
pages 55-61
(5) Land Suitability Analysis
pages 79-82
(A)
Water quality;
(B)
Land Classes I, II, and III summary environmental analysis;
(C)
Proximity to existing developed areas and compatibility with
existing land uses;
(D)
Potential impacts of development on areas and sites designated
by local historic commission or the NC Department of Cultural
Resources as historic, culturally significant, or scenic;
(E)
Land use and development requirements of local development
regulations, CAMA Use Standards and other applicable state
regulations, and applicable federal regulations; and
(F)
Availability of community facilities, including water, sewer,
stormwater, and transportation
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ELEMENT
CAMA CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(6)
Review of Current CAMA Land Use Plan
pages 64-79
(A)
Consistency of existing land use and development ordinances
with current CAMA Land Use Plan policies;
(B)
Adoption of the land use plan's implementation measures by
the governing body; and
(C)
Efficacy of current policies in creating desired land use patterns
and protecting natural systems
(d) Plan for
the Future
(1)
Land
Use and Development Goals:
(A)
Community concerns and aspirations identified at the beginning
pages 9-10
of the planning process;
(B)
Needs and opportunities identified in the analysis of existing
pages 87-91
and emerging conditions
(2)
Policies:
pages 91-125
(A)
Shall be consistent with the goals of the CAMA, shall address
the CRC management topics for land use plans, and comply
with all state and federal rules;
(B)
Shall contain a description of the type and extent of analysis
completed to determine the impact of CAMA Land Use Plan
policies on the management topics, a description of both
positive and negative impacts of the land use plan policies on
the management topics, and a description of the policies,
methods, programs, and processes to mitigate any negative
impacts on applicable management topics;
(C)
Shall contain a clear statement that the governing body either
accepts state and federal law regarding land uses and
development in AECs or, that the local government's policies
exceed the requirements of state and federal agencies.
(3)
Land Use Plan Management Topics.
pages 95-125
(A)
Public Access
pages 96-98
(B)
Land Use Compatibility
pages 98-108
(C)
Infrastructure Carrying Capacity
pages 108-113
(D)
Natural Hazard Areas
pages 113-115
(E)
Water Quality
pages 115-119
F
Local Areas of Concern
pages 119-125
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CAMA CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(4) Future Land Use Map
pages 125-141
(A) 14-digit hydrological units encompassed by the planning area;
(B) Areas and locations planned for conservation or open space
and a description of compatible land use and activities;
(C) Areas and locations planned for future growth and development
with descriptions of the following characteristics:
(i) Predominant and supporting land uses that are encouraged
in each area;
(ii) Overall density and development intensity planned for each
area;
(iii) Infrastructure required to support planned development in
each area
(D) Areas in existing developed areas for infill, preservation, and
redevelopment;
(E) Existing and planned infrastructure, including major roads,
water, and sewer
In addition, the plan shall include an estimate of the cost of any
pages 141-143
community facilities or services that shall be extended or developed.
The amount of land allocated to various uses shall be calculated and
compared to the projection of land needs. The amount of land area
thus allocated to various uses may not exceed projected needs as
delineated in Part (c)(3)(A)(iv) - Projection of Future Land Needs.
(e) Tools for Managing Development
pages 145-155
(1) Guide for Land Use Decision -Making
page 145
(2) Existing Development Program
page 145
(3) Additional Tools.
page 145
(A) Ordinances:
(i) Amendments or adjustments in existing development codes
required for consistency with the plan;
(ii) New ordinances or codes to be developed
(B) Capital Improvements Program
(C) Acquisition Program
(D) Specific Projects to Reach Goals
4 Action Plan Schedule
a e 146
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SECTION I. INTRODUCTION
A. BACKGROUND
This Fiscal Year 2005/2006 - 2006/2007 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan is prepared in
accordance with the requirements of the North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA).
Specifically, this document complies with Subchapter 7B, CAMA Land Use Planning Requirements,"
of the North Carolina Administrative Code, as amended, August 1, 2002. This plan will serve to
address the substantial development pressures and economic development challenges that the
county will face over the next five to ten years. The policies and implementing actions included
in Section VI of this plan will be used to guide development in the CAMA major and minor
permitting process.
The 7B guidelines provide that each of the twenty coastal counties and the municipalities within
those counties prepare and adopt a CAMA Core Land Use Plan that meets the planning
requirements adopted by the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC). If a County chooses not to
prepare a plan, the guidelines specify that the CRC will prepare and adopt a CAMA Land Use Plan
for that County and the municipalities in the County which choose not to prepare their own plan.
Municipalities not preparing their own plan will be included in the plan for the County in which the
municipality is located. There is only one incorporated municipality within Tyrrell County; the Town
of Columbia will be participating in the planning process.
In general, 7B requires that a plan include an analysis of existing and emerging conditions, a plan
for'the future including specific land use/development goals/policies, and tools for managing
development. The management tools must specify the actions that Tyrrell County will take to
implement this plan.
Tyrrell County adopted a Citizen Participation Plan
which is intended to ensure that all interested
citizens have an opportunity to participate in the
development of this plan through both oral and
written comments. A copy of the Citizen
Participation Plan is included as Appendix I. An ad
hoc committee was appointed by Tyrrell County to
oversee the development of this plan. The
committee includes representatives from both
Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia.
Land Use Plan Committee Members
Mr. J.D. Brickhouse (Tyrrell County)
Mr. Willie Mack Carawan Jr. (Tyrrell County)
Ms. Penny Rhodes (Tyrrell County)
Mr. James Cahoon (Town of Columbia)
Ms. Barbara Spencer (Town of Columbia)
Following adoption of the plan by the Tyrrell County Board of Commissioners and the Town of
Columbia Board of Alderman, it was submitted to the CRC for certification. Certification of the plan
was achieved on , 2010.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 1

B. WHY PLAN?
In the early 1970's, North Carolina and other coastal states found that their precious coastal areas,
including coastal sound and estuarine areas like those bordering Tyrrell County, were under threat
from pollution caused by population growth, industrial development, and increased recreational
usage. In response to these threats, the North Carolina legislature passed CAMA in 1974 (see text
box below).
As the threats to the coastal environment have
only increased since CAMA's adoption, the
following goals for coastal management set by
CAMA in 1974 continue to summarize the benefits
of planning in protecting sensitive coastal areas:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
To provide a management system capable
of preserving and managing the natural
ecological conditions of the estuarine
system, the barrier dune system, and the
beaches, so as to safeguard and
perpetuate their natural productivity and
their biological, economic, and aesthetic
values;
To ensure that the development or
preservation of the land and water
resources of the coastal area proceeds in a
manner consistent with the capability of
the land and water for development, use,
or preservation based on ecological
considerations;
To ensure the orderly and balanced use
and preservation of our coastal resources
on behalf of the people of North Carolina
and the nation;
What is CAMA?
CAMA is the North Carolina Coastal Area
Management Act (N.C.G.S.113A-100, etseq.),
which establishes a cooperative program of
coastal area management between local and
state governments. The Act, originally passed
in 1974 and since amended, states that local
governments shall have the initiative for
planning, while the state government
establishes areas of environmental concern.
With regard to planning, the state government
is directed to act primarily in a supportive,
standard -setting, and review capacity, except
in situations where local governments do not
elect to exercise their initiative.
In addition, CAMA establishes the Coastal
Resource Commission within the Department
of Environment and Natural Resources, whose
duties include approval of Coastal Habitat
Protection Plans and designation of Areas of
Environmental Concern (AEC). After
designation of these areas, the Commission is
responsible for issuing all permits (Source:
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Coastal Services Center).
establish policies, guidelines, and standards for:
"AM
;,_%I,
OF
Counties covered by CAMA
(a) Protection, preservation, and conservation of natural resources including but not
limited to water use, scenic vistas, and fish and wildlife; and management of
transitional or intensely developed areas and areas especially suited to intensive use
or development, as well as areas of significant natural value;
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 2

(b) The economic development of the coastal area, including but not limited to
construction, location and design of industries, port facilities, commercial
establishments, and other developments;
(c) Recreation and tourist facilities and parklands;
(d) Transportation and circulation patterns for the coastal area including major
thoroughfares, transportation routes, navigation channels and harbors, and other
public utilities and facilities;
(e) Preservation and enhancement of the historic, cultural, and scientific aspects of the
coastal area;
(f) Protection of present common-law and statutory public rights in the lands and
waters of the coastal area (Source: NCGS 113A-102).
Specifically, the CAMA Land Use Plan will be
used by the North Carolina Coastal Resources
Commission (CRC) to determine whether any
given development proposal subject to a major
CAMA permit is consistent with the
County/Town's goals for its future development
and for environmental protection (see text box
to the right for a description of the CAMA
permit system). The Land Use Plan will be used
by the county and town's Planning Board and
Commissions to determine the appropriateness
of zoning classifications at specific sites and
other land use decisions. Together, these
planning documents will help guide the future
land use in Tyrrell County and the Town of
Columbia.
C. REGULATORY AUTHORITY AND
PLANNING MODEL
What is the CAMA Permit System?
The CAMA permit system is divided into major and
minor permits, based on the size and possible
impacts of a project. Major permits are required
for activities that require other state or federal
permits, for projects that cover more than 20
acres, or for construction covering more than
60,000 square feet. Applications for major permits
are reviewed by ten state and four federal
agencies before a decision is made, and this
process is coordinated by the CRC. General
permits are an expedited form of major permit
used for routine projects that usually pose little or
no threat to the environment. Minor permits are
required for projects, such as single-family houses,
that do not require major permits or general
permits. They are reviewed, issued, and
administered to CRC standards by Tyrrell County
and the Town of Columbia under contract with the
Division of Coastal Management (Source:
Association of National Estuary Programs).
This plan is intended to fulfill the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) requirements for the
preparation of a Core CAMA Land Use Plan. This plan is organized to adhere to 15A NCAC 7B
requirements, specifically rule .0702, which specifies the required content of CAMA land use plans.
A matrix is provided immediately following the Table of Contents, which specifies how and where
in this Plan compliance with 15A NCAC 7B is accomplished.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan . Page 3

SECTION II. TYRRELL COUNTY AND TOWN OF COLUMBIA HISTORY
(excerpt taken from the Tyrrell County Chamber of Commerce)
Located on the south shore of Albemarle Sound, Tyrrell County was formed in 1729 from Chowan,
Bertie, Currituck and Pasquotank counties. Named for Sir John Tyrrell, one of the Lords Proprietors
of the Carolina colony, Tyrrell County's original boundaries stretched westward from Roanoke
Island to near present-day Tarboro. In 1870, the territory was divided and resulted in what is now
known as Tyrrell, Martin, Washington, and Dare counties. Elizabethtown, later renamed Columbia,
was established on the banks of the Scuppernong River in 1793 and became the Tyrrell County
seat in 1799 (Sharpe 1965: 2125-2128).
While settlers from Virginia streamed southward into the Albemarle region during the early
eighteenth century, the development of Tyrrell County proceeded slowly. The county is part of the
region's most extensive tract of low-lying, poorly drained land that extends between Albemarle
Sound and Pamlico Sound. The swamp forest as well as vast wetlands of muck -peat, pocosins, and
pines restricted the penetration of the interior. Consequently, the county has been one of the most
isolated and sparsely populated parts of the state. In 1840, there were 4,448 inhabitants in Tyrrell
County. The population peaked at 5,556 in 1960, and in 1990 fewer than 4,000 people resided
within its borders (Weeden 1990: 10-12).
Geography shaped the pattern of settlement, which took place first along the Albemarle shore and
the Alligator River, defining the eastern and northern boundaries of the county. The Secota
villages of Mecopen along the Scuppernong River near present day Columbia and Tramaskecoc on
the Alligator River near Gum Neck were shown on maps as early as 1585. Artifacts unearthed in
fields, dense woodlands, and along waterways testify to communities of inhabitants long before
that.
The first permanent white occupation probably occurred about 1700 at Fort Landing, located near
the mouth of the Alligator River. Other families later occupied tracts along the Scuppernong River
and Kendrick Creek or ventured up the Alligator River and cleared lands along the coves and creeks
in the southeastern part of the county. This section became characterized by modest farms, river
landings, and hamlets — all linked together by canals that facilitated farming and small -boat
transportation. Inland settlement took place later, as small farmers settled along the edges of peat
and muck bogs and on the ridges of high ground. However, a great deal of the interior remained
undeveloped until the twentieth century, when timber and pulpwood interests cut roads and
drainage canals through the swamplands.
The economy during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries was largely based on
subsistence farming and fishing, though the Albemarle Sound and Alligator and Scuppernong rivers
provided for the shipping of forest assets, especially shingles and staves. These products were
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transported across the sound to Edenton, the commercial center of the Albemarle region, where
they were exported abroad or to the northern markets (Merrens 1964: 96-98). By the antebellum
years, goods were regularly shipped up the Pasquotank River to Elizabeth City, where the Dismal
Swamp Canal linked Albemarle Sound to the port of Norfolk, Virginia.
Although small-scale agriculture marked the area in the colonial period, this land also sustained a
collection of large plantations. In 1736, the first recorded deed in Tyrrell County was filed by
Joseph Buncombe, a planter from the West Indies, who bought 1,025 acres of high ground on
Kendrick Creek (in present-day Washington County) and erected a residence on the tract (Davis
1963: 21). About 1766, his nephew Edward Buncombe built the plantation seat of Buncombe Hall
on the property. On the west side of the Scuppernong River, in present-day Tyrrell County, the
Spruill family, whose patriarch was Dr. Godfrey Spruill, established Round About Plantation in the
early eighteenth century (Davis 1963: 22-23). No architectural evidence of these early estates
survives.
By the late eighteenth century, the local planter class also included the Collinses and Pettigrews.
These families, using vast amounts of slave labor, transformed the swamps bordering Lake Phelps
into immense agricultural estates. The Collinses established Somerset Plantation in what is today
Washington County, and in 1838-39, Josiah Collins III built the substantial Greek Revival residence
that still stands by the Lake shore. Adjacent to Somerset, in Tyrrell County, the Reverend Charles
Pettigrew established Bonarva Plantation in 1779. Also known as Lake Plantation, Bonarva was
developed in the antebellum years by his son Ebenezor. In 1843-1844, Ebenezor Pettigrew built
the plantation seat of Magnolia north of Lake Phelps along a stretch of the Bonarva canal. The
unusual two-story, two -bay, frame house featured an encircling shed -roofed porch and, tradition
has it, gargoyles along the cornice. The house no longer exists.
These lakeside plantations thrived in this thinly settled region of swamplands and bog. With slave
labor, canals'were laboriously dug from Lake Phelps to the Scuppernong River, a distance of six
miles. The first canal was completed at Somerset as early as 1787. Lands were drained and
cleared, and sawmill, grist mills, and shingle mills were constructed along the canals. Shallow -draft
boats plied the 20-foot-wide canals transporting the forest products as well as rice, cotton, wheat,
and corn to the Scuppernong and then on to Edenton or Columbia for export. Canals associated
with both Somerset and Bonarva, including the Bonarva and Bee Tree canals in Tyrrell County,
survive essentially intact.
During the Civil War, Union forces occupied the Albemarle region beginning with the surrender of
Roanoke Island in 1862. Although Tyrrell County saw little serious military action, the Town of
Columbia was bombarded. As throughout much of North Carolina, the social and economic
ramifications of the war were profound. The Pettigrew and Collins estates never recovered from
the war and deteriorated into underutilized, subdivided tenant farms. In 1930, the federal
government acquired most of these plantation tracts and launched the Scuppernong Farms Project,
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 5

a short-lived resettlement program for small farmers. This part of the county contains a scattering
of one-story, frame 1930s farmhouses that may represent this federally sponsored project. In
1939, the State of North Carolina purchased the plantation house at Somerset and a portion of
Bonarva for Pettigrew State Park.
The county seat of Columbia was laid off on the east side of the Scuppernong River between 1793
and 1802. Primarily a fishing and trading center before the Civil War, the town grew in the late
nineteenth century as a result of the expanding lumber industry. Between the 1880s and turn of
the century, the population of Columbia rose from 166 to 382, as lumber mills appeared on the
waterfront. The major employer was the Branning Manufacturing Company of Edenton, which built
a substantial planing mill at the south end of town and laid a railroad spur into the rich timberlands.
In 1908, the Norfolk and Southern Railway extended its tracks to Columbia, but withdrew to
Creswell in Washington County in 1948 (Davis 1963: 62; Pezzoni 1994).
The remainder of Tyrrell County developed slowly in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries,
characterized by small, isolated farms and commercial fishing operations. Farm tenantry led to a
steady decline in the average size of farms, which dropped from 127 acres in 1890 to only 67 acres
in 1940. Farmers raised corn, some cotton, livestock, and, increasingly, Irish potatoes. By the late
1940s, Tyrrell County ranked as the number one potato producer in the state (Davis 1963: 62).
The success of agriculture as well as the lumber and fishing industries was made possible by
advancements in transportation. In addition to the Norfolk and Southern Railway, new paved
roads and bridges slowly improved access to selected parts of the county. During the 1920s, US
Highway 64 was paved through the county and, in 1926, a bridge was built over the Scuppernong
River at the west end of Columbia's main street. NC Highway 94 was constructed across the heart
of the county in 1933, linking Columbia with Hyde County to the south. The discontinuation of rail
service after World War II was partially compensated for by a renewed road -building campaign,
and, in 1962, the monumental three -mile -long Lindsay C. Warren Bridge was erected across the
Alligator River to Dare County.
In the 1970s, corporations such as First Colony Farms purchased large sections of Tyrrell and
adjacent counties for agricultural use (Schoenbaum 1982: 112-115). The result was the systematic
transformation of the natural landscape on an unprecedented scale. A vast network of drainage
ditches was constructed and thousands of acres of swamp forests were drained and cleared for row
crops. Consequently, Tyrrell County is today not only one of the most remote and sparsely
populated areas of the state but also one of the most recently transformed. Small, isolated, turn -of -
the -century farmsteads and agricultural communities, such as Gum Neck near the south end of the
county, stand in juxtaposition to enormous, flat tracts of recently cleared farmland controlled by
out-of-state interests.
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Tyrrell County's wild and remote nature may have contributed to its sparse population and light
development in the past. Today, however, abundant water, forests and wildlife are recognized as
some of its most valuable assets and are helping to build a healthy, sustainable future for this
beautiful part of North Carolina.
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SECTION III. TYRRELL COUNTY REGIONAL SETTING
Tyrrell County is bordered by the Albemarle Sound on the north and the Alligator River and the
Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway to the east. The Town of Columbia serves as the county seat and
is centrally located in northern Tyrrell County. Tyrrell County offers a unique opportunity for
companies dependent on water transportation, such as fisheries and eco-tourism. The county is
located in the northeastern region of North Carolina (see Appendix II, Map 1) and is traversed by
US Highway 64 which has recently been expanded to four lanes. The major corridor running north
to south through the county is NC Highway 94 which connects with Hyde County to the south.
Once considered remote and hard to reach, Tyrrell County is less than a two hour drive to
Interstate 95. The county has an abundance of large acreage tracts of land that are affordable and
highly suitable for low impact sustainable developments. Moving forward the county will be known
as the gateway to the Outer Banks for many people traveling from western portions of the state.
Tyrrell County would like to capitalize on this opportunity by maintaining its environmentally
pristine nature and quiet setting while promoting smart growth principles.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 8

SECTION IV. TYRRELL COUNTY CONCERNS AND ASPIRATIONS
A. KEY ISSUES/DOMINANT GROWTH -RELATED ISSUES
It is very useful for a community to determine the key concerns and growth -related issues at the
beginning of the planning process. In order to solicit input from Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia
citizens, an issues identification meeting was held on February 8, 2006. Approximately 65 residents
attended this work session. At this meeting, an open floor discussion was held regarding issues
that residents felt would have a significant impact on the future of Tyrrell County/Town of
Columbia. The list provided below is a ranking of the issues identified at this meeting. During the
course of this meeting, all issues identified were listed. Subsequent to the discussion portion of
the meeting, all attendees were asked to vote on what they felt were the top ten most significant
concerns or issues listed. There are several issues whose rank is tied because they received the
same number of votes.
Rank
Issue
# of Votes
1
Cleanout of arterial canals
28
2
Stormwater Best Management Practices
23
3
Street/road maintenance
22
4*
Police protection
21
5*
Protection of farmland
21
6*
Preservation of tax base
21
7*
Protection of water quality
20
8*
Medical/mental health services
20
9*
Maintenance of stormwater drainage
20
10
Water and sewer development
18
11
Assisted living/nursing home development
17
12
Public access waterfront
14
13*
Riparian buffers
13
14*
Increased recreational opportunities "YMCA"
13
15*
Racial diversity
12
16*
Affordable housing
12
17*
Address the issue of providing higher educational opportunities
12
18
Overall growth and zoning
11
19*
Encourage mixed use development in downtown Columbia
10
20*
Protection of wetlands
10
21*
Develop a comprehensive plan for the Town of Columbia
10
22
Code enforcement (various codes - junked cars, mobile homes)
9
23
Downtown parking
8
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 9

Rank
Issue
# of Votes
24*
Promote tourism (eco tourism)
7
25*
Discourage strip development
7
26*
"Green Building"
7
27
Low impact development
6
28
Minimize land use conflicts
4
29*
Reducing stream sedimentation
3
30*
Height and setback restrictions in AECs
3
31
Limit habitat fragmentation
2
32
Conflicted uses of airspaces
1
33* 1
Wetland mitigation
0
34*
Air quality
0
B. VISION STATEMENT
Tyrrell County aims to maintain the county's rural character, while focusing on the
preservation of agriculture, affordable housing, and the protection of environmental
resources Tyrrell County will plan for and accommodate future growth while
simultaneously maintaining the quality of life for current and future residents Tyrrell
County will pursue accomplishment of the following statements;
• Set high standards for responsible, well managed growth and guide
development patterns through comprehensive planning and community
development.
• Promote the establishment of programs aimed at providing lifelong
education opportunities for Tyrrell County residents, as well as the
region.
• Identify goals and propose strategies for the development of new
businesses and industries, agribusinesses, seafood products, and eco-
tourism,
• Provide county -wide services that enhance the health, safety, and quality
of life for Tyrrell County citizens
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 10

SECTION V. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING AND EMERGING CONDITIONS
A. POPULATION, HOUSING, AND ECONOMY
1. jyrrell County Permanent Population
a.. Region R, North Carolina, and Tyrrell County
. North Carolina is divided into 18 regions based on locale for the purpose of coordinating
planning efforts between neighboring counties. These designated regions are considered the
Council of Governments. Tyrrell County is in Region R along with Chowan, Currituck, Dare, Gates,
Hyde, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Camden, and Washington counties. It is useful to compare the
growth of Tyrrell County to the other counties within Region R due to their geographic proximity.
Table 1 provides a summary of population change and population growth percentages for Region R
counties and North Carolina. According to the 2000 US Census, Tyrrell County was the least
populated county in the region.
Table 1. Tyrrell County, Region R, and North Carolina
Total Population and Percentage Change, 1970-2000
Total Population
Population % Change
County
1970
1980
1990
2000
70-'80
'80-'90
190-100
Overall
Camden
5,453
5,829
5,904
6,885
6.9%
1.3%
16.6%
26.3%
Chowan
10,764
12,558
13,506
14,526
16.7%
7.5%
7.6%
34.9%
Currituck
6,977
11,089
13,736
18,190
58.9%
23.9%
32.4%
160.7%
Dare
6,996
13,377
22,746
29,967
91.2%
70.0%
31.7%
328.3%
Gates
8,525
8,875
9,305
10,516
4.1%
4.8%
13.0%
23.4%
Hyde
5,570
5,873
5,411
5,826
5.4%
-7.9%
7.7%
4.6%
Pasquotank
26,824
28,462
31,298
34,897
6.1%
10.0%
11.5%
30.1%
Perquimans
8,352
9,486
10,447
11,368
13.6%
10.1%
8.8%
36.1%
Tyrrell
3,806
3,975
3,856
4,149
4.4%
-3.0%
7.6%
9.0%
Washington
14,039
14,801
13,997
13,723
5.4%
-5.4%
-2.0%
-2.3%
Region R
97,306
114,325
130,206
150,047
17.5%
13.9%
15.2%
54.2%
North Carolina
5,084,442
5,880,095
6,632,448
8,049,313
15.6%
12.8%
21.4%
58.3%
Source: US Census Bureau.
From 1970 to 2000, the county's population increased by 9.0% from 3,806 to 4,149. By
comparison, the Region R total population increased by 54.2% while the total state population
increased by 58.3%. With the exception of Hyde and Washington, all Region R counties had
substantially higher growth rates than Tyrrell.
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Table 2 provides a summary of population growth by township from 1970 to 2000. The
Columbia Township (see graphic below) has been by far the fastest growing township with a 1970
to 2000 increase of 35.6%. This can mainly be attributed to the fact that this township contains
the county's only municipality and provides water and sewer service. Beyond the Columbia
Township, the county's population is fairly evenly distributed among the other four townships,
although population in South Fork remains low at 43 and has decreased in population by 18.9%
since 1970. It is expected that in the next five to ten years the rate of growth in all of these areas
will increase dramatically. This issue will be discussed throughout the context of the plan.
Table 2. Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Population Growth by Township
Township
1970
1980
1990
2000
2000 % of Total
'70 -M Growth
Alligator
482
477
437
381
9.2%
-21.0%
Columbia
1,910
2,098
2,181
2,590
62.4%
35.6%
Gum Neck
523
474
438
462
11.1%
-11.7%
Scuppernong
838
864
755
673
16.2%
-19.7%
South Fork
53
62
45
43
1.0%
-18.9%
Tyrrell County
3,806
3,975
3,856
4,149
100.0%
9.0%
Town of Columbia
902
758
836
819
19.7%
-9.2%
Source: US Census Bureau.
Abe(narAe Sound
Columbia
Township
South Fork
Township
Gum Neck
Tyrrell County Townships
Legend
Town of Columbia
Townships
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b. Tyrrell CountWTown of Columbia Population Profile
Table 3 provides a summary of the Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia populations by
racial composition from 1970 to 2000. Overall, the population of Tyrrell County is primarily
comprised of White and Black. The percentage of these two racial groups has stayed fairly
consistent over this 30-year period. From 1970 to 2000, the White population as a percentage of
the county's total population decreased from 56.6% to 56.1%. By comparison, North Carolina's
White population as a percent of the state's total population declined from 76.8% to 72.1%. From
1970 to 2000, the Tyrrell County Black population as a percentage of total population declined from
43.4% to 38.4% over the same period. There are no significant non-White or non -Black racial .
groups in Tyrrell County. Table 3 also indicates that the county's male/female population is 53.9%
male and 46.1% female.
The Town of Columbia's population is predominantly Black (51.6%). The Black population
within the town has decreased slightly since the 1970 Census by a percentage of 6.3%. This is the
earliest census data available for the town that breaks down total population into racial categories.
As the Black population has decreased, the White population has also seen a decrease of 6.3%
since 1970.
Table 3. Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Racial Composition, 1970-2000
Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
Total
Percentage
Total
Percentage
1970 Population*
3,806
100.00/0
902
100.00/0
White
2,154
56.6%
N/A
N/A
Black
1,652
43.4%
N/A
N/A
Other
0
0.0%
N/A
N/A
1980 Population**
3,975
100.00/0
758
100.00/0
White
2,417
60.8%
354
46.7%
Black
1,550
39.0%
404
53.3%
Other
8
0.2%
0
0.0%
1990 Population**
3,856
100.00/0
836
100.0%
White
2,278
59.1%
352
42.1%
Black
1,546
40.1%
484
57.9%
Asian or Pacific Islander
6
0.2%
0
0.0%
American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut
9
0.2%
0
0.0%
Other
17
0.4%
0
0.0%
2000 Population***
4,149
100.00/0
810
100.00/0
White
2,327
56.1%
327
40.4%
Black or African American
1,593
38.4%
418
51.6%
Asian or Pacific Islander
7
0.2%
4
0.5%
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Table 3 (continued)
Tyrrell
County
Town of Columbia
Total
Percentage
Total
Percentage
American Indian and Alaska Native
21
0.5%
4
0.5%
Some Other Race
168
4.0%
45
5.6%
Two or More Races
33
0.8%
12
1.5%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)****
195
0.5%
64
7.9%
Male
2,237
53.9%
367
45.3%
Female
1,912
46.1%
443
54.7%
*Racial breakdown not available for the 1970 Census for municipality.
**Racial breakdown available for the 1980 and 1990 Census.
***Racial breakdown available for the 2000 Census.
****In the 2000 Census, the Hispanic race was not considered an ethnic group. However, this is the number of
individuals who reported being of Hispanic origin.
Source: 2000 US Census.
Table 4 provides a summary of Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia's 1990 and 2000
population by age distribution. The county's overall population is fairly young in age. For the
county overall, 44.6% of the population is below the age 35, while 44.4% of Columbia's population
falls below this age threshold. Additionally, the retired age population is very low in the county.
Only 16.8% of the county's overall population is over the age of 65, which is comparable to
Columbia (18.9%). The population, however, is aging as evidenced by the increase in the 35 to
54 age group from 1990 to 2000. During the planning period it is anticipated that the retired age
population will increase dramatically as a result of in -migration. As development occurs in coastal
areas, retirees will flock to the county to take advantage of the affordable land and proximity to
the coast. This is an issue that will be discussed in detail throughout the context of this plan.
Table 4. Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Age Composition, 1990 and 2000
0 to 14 years
15 to 34 years
35 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 to 74 years
75 and over
Total population
Median age
1990
1990 Total % of Total 2000 T
890
23.1%
762
1,016
26.3%
1,085
886
23.0%
1,238
386
10.0%
370
379
9.8%
393
299
7.8%
303
2000 I 1990 2000
of Total 1990 Total % of Total 2000 Total % of Total
18.4%
205
24.5%
163
20.1%
26.2%
221
26.4%
197
24.3%
29.8%
162
19.3%
213
26.3%
8.9%
67
8.0%
84
10.4%
9.5%
128
15.3%
68
8.4%
7.3%
55
6.6%
85
10.5%
3,856 100.0% 4,151 100.0% I 838 100.0% 810 100.0%
38.7 39.1
Source: 2000 US Census.
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Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia compare favorably with North Carolina for those
individuals having graduated from high school (North Carolina 28.4%) and those having received
at least some partial college education or Associate degree (North Carolina 20.5%). Table 5
provides a summary of the county and town's 2000 educational attainment based on persons 25
years old or older. The county lags behind the state in the percent of its population which has
received a Bachelor's degree or Graduate/Professional degrees.
Table 5. Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Education Attainment, 2000 Based on Persons 25 Years Old or Older
Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
Total % of Total
Total % of Total
Less than 9"' grade
328 11.6%
94 18.2%
Ninth to twelfth grade, no diploma
625 22.1%
130 25.1%
High school graduate
955 33.8%
159 30.8%
Some college, no degree 491
Associate degree 129
Bachelor's degree 222
17.2% 61
4.6% 13
7.9% 33
11.8%
2.5%
6.4%
Graduate/Professional degree 78 2.8% 27 5.2%
Total population 25 years and over 2,828 100.0% 517 100.0%
Source: 2000 US Census.
C. Population Summary
The following provides a summary of the significant demographic factors:
• The county experienced a 9% growth in population during the period of 1970 -
2000.
• Columbia Township is the fastest growing township in the county with a population
increase of 35.6% since 1970.
• The county's overall population is fairly young in age with 44.6% of the citizens
being below 35 years of age.
• There are no significant non-White or non -Black racial groups in Tyrrell County.
• The population at retirement age is low throughout the county. This situation is
expected to change dramatically once additional development occurs.
• Both the Town of Columbia and Tyrrell County are above the state average in terms
of high school graduates.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 15

2. Housing
a. Housing Occupancy and Tenure
According to the 2000 Census, Tyrrell County contains a total of 2,032 dwelling units, an
increase of 125 units over the 1990 Census. A majority of the homes in the county are occupied
(75.6%), and out of these approximately 56.5% are owner -occupants. Approximately 24.4% of
the county's existing housing stock is vacant according to the 2000 Census. This housing is
primarily made of homes used for seasonal or recreational uses (15.8%). The percentage of
owner -occupied housing in the county is significantly higher than the state average. Columbia's
housing stock is nearly all occupied with an occupancy rate of 83.4%, this figure is down slightly
from the 1990 Census. Table 6 provides a summary of housing occupancy and tenure for both the
county and the town.
Overall, housing construction in the county has been very modest over the last ten years.
This trend is expected to change drastically during the planning period. According to the Tyrrell
County Planning Board, there are currently approximately 282 platted lots that have been approved
through the county's site plan review process; however, construction has not yet begun on these
properties. It is unclear how rapidly these lots will be sold and developed; however, it is an
indication of a substantial increase in development interest in the county. To express just how
significant this number is, the total increase in built homes between 1990 and 2000 in the county
overall was 125 according to the US Census Bureau.
Table 6. Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Housing Occupancy and Tenure, 1990 and 2000
Total Housing Units
Vacant:
For Rent*
For Sale Only*
Rented or sold, not
occupied*
For seasonal, recreational,
or occasional use*
For migrant workers*
Other vacant*
Occupied:
Owner -Occupied**
Renter -Occupied**
Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
1990
1990 %
2000
2000 %
1990
1990 %
2000
2000 %
Total
of Total
Total
of Total
Total
of Total
Total
of Total
1,907
100.0%
2,032
100.0%
392
100.0%
402
100.0%
436
22.9%
495
24.4%
55
14.0%
67
16.7%
33
1.7%
21
1.0%
11
2.8%
12
3.0%
31
1.6%
54
2.7%
0
0.0%
11
2.7%
0
0.0%
14
0.7%
0
0.0%
4
1.0%
209
11.0%
321
15.8%
8
2.0%
20
5.0%
0
0.0%
0
0.0%
0
0.0%
0
0.0%
163
8.5%
85
4.2%
36
9.2%
20
5.0%
1,471
71.1%
1,537
75.6%
337
86.0%
335
83.4%
1,124
58.9%
1,150
56.5%
206
52.6%
178
44.3%
347
18.2%
- 387
19.1%
131
33.4%
157
39.1%
*Indicates breakdown of vacant household types.
**Indicates breakdown of occupied household types.
The categories for "Rented or sold, not occupied", and "For migrant workers" was not reported in the 1990 census.
Source: US Census Bureau.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 16

b. Structure Age
Table 7 indicates that in 2000, the median age of structures in Tyrrell County was 31 years,
and for the Town of Columbia was 51 years. This underscores the historic nature of the housing
and overall development within the county, a point that will be drawn upon to promote economic
development. A key factor in this plan will be the protection of these historic resources. The town
will look at alternatives related to expanding the existing Historic District to further preserve historic
properties. In addition, approximately 61.7% of the county's structures were built prior to 1970.
Based on the table below, residential development has remained steady in the county. There was
a slight housing increase between 1970 and 1990, in both the county overall as well as Columbia;
however, this trend tapered off toward the 2000 Census report. As noted, this is not expected to
continue..
Table 7. Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Housing Structure, 2000
Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
Number of
Number of
Year
Structures
% of Total
Structures
% of Total
1999 to March, 2000
43
2.1%
8
2.0%
1995 to 1998
216
10.6%
25
6.2%
1990 to 1994
149
7.3%
25
6.2%
1980 to 1989
361
17.8%
51
12.7%
1970 to 1979
390
19.2%
40
10.0%
1960 to 1969
193
9.5%
30
7.5%
1940 to 1959
307
15.1%
66
16.4%
1939 or earlier
373
18.4%
157
39.1%
Total Structures
2,032
100.0%
402
100.0%
Median Year Structure Built
1974
1954
Source: US Census Bureau.
C. Housing Conditions
Table 8 provides a summary of existing household size, as well as the percentage of units
lacking general household needs. The statistics in this table provide a good summary of the
condition of the county's housing stock.
Homes in Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia compare favorably to state averages
in terms of size, or rooms per unit. The percentage of homes in the county with 3+ bedrooms is
60.0%, compared to 60.8% for the state overall. The percentage of homes lacking complete
infrastructure (kitchen and bathroom facilities) is substantially higher than the state overall. The
percentages within Columbia are slightly lower due to the availability of infrastructure services.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 17

These high numbers can mainly be attributed to the extreme rural nature of the county. As the
county starts to establish additional infrastructure these percentages should begin to decrease.
Table 8. Tyrrell County and North Carolina
Housing Conditions
Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
North Carolina
Average Rooms Per Unit
5.3
5.3
5.5
Percent with no bedroom
2.0%
0.7%
1.1%
Percent with 3+ bedrooms
60.0%
54.0% .
60.8%
Percent lacking complete kitchen facilities
5.0%
3.7%
1.1%
Percent lacking complete plumbing
5.0%
3.7%
1.1%
Percent occupied with telephones
71.0%
71.6%
86.2%
Source: US Census Bureau.
d. Single- and Multi -Family Units
Table 9 provides the number of single-family housing units versus multi -family units and
the number of mobile homes in Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia. The housing stock
within the county, as well as Columbia, is dominated by single-family detached homes and mobile
homes. As noted in the table below, only 7% of housing within the county overall is not made of
either a single-family detached or mobile home. The housing within Columbia is slightly more
diverse where this figure is 20%.
Table 9. Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Units in Structure and Mobile Home Count, 2000
Tyrrell County
Units in Structure
Total
% of Total
1-unit, detached
1,191
58.6%
1-unit, attached
18
0.9%
2 units
49
2.4%
3 or 4 units
33
1.6%
5 to 9 units
15
0.7%
10 to 19 units
0
0.0%
20 units or more
7
0.3%
Mobile home
708
34.8%
Boat, RV, van, etc.
11
0.5%
Total
2,032
100.0%
Source: US Census Bureau.
Town of Columbia
Total
% of Total
228
56.7%
2
0.5%
40
10.0%
25
6.2%
8
2.0%
0
0.0%
3
0.7%
96
23.9%
0
0.0%
402
100.0%
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 18

e. Housing Summary
• Tyrrell County housing stock increased by 125 units to 2,032 dwelling units between
1990 and 2000.
• The Tyrrell County Planning Board has approved 282 platted lots which are
proposed for future development.
• The median age of structures in the Town of Columbia is 51 years. The county's
median age is 31 years.
• The percentage of homes lacking complete infrastructure (kitchen and bathroom
facilities) is substantially higher than the state overall.
• The housing stock in Columbia as well as the rest of the county is dominated by
single-family detached homes and mobile homes.
3. Employment and Economy
a. Introduction/Overview of General Economic Indicators
Based on third quarter 2005 data, Tyrrell County falls into the lowest percentile within many
of North Carolina's 100 counties in terms of workforce/education and income/housing and poverty.
Tables 10 and 11 provide a summary of significant economic data.
Table 10. Tyrrell County
Workforce and Education Rank
Workforce & Education
Tyrrell County
North Carolina
County Rank
Employment, August 2005
2,231
4,020,788
100
Unemployed, August 2005
119
235,552
100
Percent High School Graduates, 2000
66.3
78.1
89
Average SAT Score, 2003
946
1,006
72
Percent Bachelor's Degree or Higher, 2000
10.6
22.5
82
*It should be noted that the rankings are from 1 to 100 with 1 being the most favorable ranking.
Source: US Census and NC Employment Security Commission.
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Table 11. Tyrrell County
Income, Housing, and Poverty Rank
Income, Housing, and Poverty
Tyrrell County
North Carolina
County Rank
Average Weekly Wage per Employee, 4Q2004
$424
N/A
96
Median Household Income, 2000
$25,684
$46,355
99
Per Capita Personal Income, 1990
$13,556
$17,919
73
Per Capita Personal Income, 2003
$19,082
$28,071
97
Median Value of Owner -Occupied Housing
$49,686
$108,300
100
Units, 2000
Percent in Poverty, 2000
23.3
12.3
3
*It should be noted that the rankings are from 1 to 100 with 1 being the most favorable ranking.
Source: US Census and NC Employment Security Commission.
b, Household Income -
Based on the 2000 US Census, Columbia and Tyrrell County fell well below North Carolina
average. In fact, Columbia's median income of $20,588 is only 53% of the state's average income
of $39,184. Most income ranges below $50,000 are consistent with the state average, however
both Columbia and Tyrrell County fall short of state averages in the upper income ranges. Table
12 provides a summary of Columbia, Tyrrell County, and North Carolina household income.
Table 12. Town of Columbia, Tyrrell County, and North Carolina
Household Income
Columbia
Tyrrell County
North Carolina
Number
% of Total
Number
% of Total
Number
% of Total
Less than $10,000
77
23.8%
329
21.2%
328,770
10.5%
$10,000 to $14,999
51
15.7%
151
9.8%
201,123
6.4%
$15,000 to $24,999
64
19.8%
278
18.0%
431,701
13.8%
$25,000 to $34,999
44
13.6%
215
13.9%
435,975
13.9%
$35,000 to $49,999
43
13.3%
260
16.8%
553,041
17.7%
$50,000 to $74,999
22
6.8%
168
10.9%
608,777
19.4%
$75,000 to $99,999
18
5.6%
93
6.0%
279,020
8.9%
$100,00 to $149,999
0
0.0%
23
1.5%
188,621
6.0%
$150,000 to $199,999
2
0.6%
9
0.6%
50,650
1.6%
$200,000 or more
3
0.9%
19
1.2%
55,604
1.8%
Total Families
324
100.0%
1,545
100.0%
3,133,282
100.0%
Median Income
$20,588
$25,684
$39,184
Source: US Census.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 20

C. Employment by Industry
Table 13 provides a summary of employment by industry. The largest employer within the
Town of Columbia is government. Meanwhile the County's biggest employment sector is
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting, and Mining at 16.8%. According to the NC Division of
Marine Fisheries, there are approximately 10-15 commercial seafood dealers in Tyrrell County. The
majority of the crabbing operations in Tyrrell County are focused on the hard blue crab.
Table 13. Town of Columbia and Tyrrell County
Employment by Industry
Columbia
Tyrrell County
Industry
# Employed
% of Total
# Employed
% of Total
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting, and Mining
21
7.6%
263
16.8%
Construction
18
6.5%
133
8.5%
Manufacturing
23
8.3%
124
7.9%
Wholesale Trade
13
4.7%
41
2.6%
Retail Trade
39
14.0%
173
11.0%
Transportation, Warehousing, and Utilities
4
1.4%
59
3.8%
Information
2
0.7%
27
1.7%
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate and Rental/Leasing
4
1.4%
50
3.2%
Professional, Scientific, Management
7
2.5%
44
2.8%
Education, Health and Social Sciences
42
15.1%
229
14.6%
Arts, Entertainment, Recreation and Accommodation
66
23.7%
188
12.0%
Other Services (Except Public Administration)
13
4.7%
102
6.5%
Public Administration
26
9.4%
135
8.6%
Total Person Employed 16 years or over
278
100.0%
1568
100.0%
Source: 2000 US Census.
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Table 14. Tyrrell County
Top Employers
Rank
Employer
Employment Range
Industry
1
Tyrrell County Board of Education
100-249
Education and Heath Services
2
State of North Carolina
100-249
Public Administration
3
Whitecap Linen
50-99
Other Services
4
BMI Group, LLC
50-99
Natural Resources and Mining
5
County of Tyrrell
50-99
Public Administration
6
Food Lion LLC
Below 50
Trade, Transportation, and Utilities
7
NC Department of Transportation
Below 50
Public Administration
8
Partnership for the Sounds, Inc
Below 50
Professional & Business Services
9
Life Inc
Below 50
Education and Health Services
10
Double Dee Farms, Inc.
Below 50
Natural Resources and Mining
11
Gary G Comstock
Below 50
Natural Resources and Mining
12
Black Gold Farms, Inc.
Below 50
Natural Resources and Mining
13
Colony Tire Corporation
Below 50
Trade, Transportation and Utilities
14
Andy's Cheesesteaks & Cheeseburgers
Below 50
Leisure & Hospitality
15
Cherry Farms Seed Company, Inc.
Below 50
Natural Resources & Mining
Source: NC Economic Security Commission, September 2006.
d. Earnings by Industry
. Based on third quarter 2005 data, the largest producers of income in Tyrrell County were
educational services and manufacturing. These two accounted for 32.6% of the County's
employment and approximately $655 in average weekly wages. However, finance and insurance
produced the highest average weekly wage of $668. Tyrrell County and North Carolina earnings
by sector data are summarized in Table 15.
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Table 15. Tyrrell County and North Carolina
Employment and Wages by Sector (3Q2005)
Tyrrell County
North Carolina
Average
Average
Average
Average
Sector
Employment
% Total
Weekly Wage
Employment
% Total
Weekly Wage
Total All Industries
898
100.0%
$424
3,791,435
100.0%
$685
Total Government
454
50.6%
$582
654,514
17.3%
$765
Total Private Industry
444
49.4%
$414
3,136,921
82.7%
$688
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing,
76
8.5%
$591
25,707
0.7%
$472
and Hunting
Mining
N/A
N/A
N/A
3,464
0.1%
$1,078
Utilities
N/A
N/A
$0
14,381
0.4%
$1,369
Construction
20
2.2%
$366
222,493
5.9%
$616
Manufacturing
107
11.9%
$187
570,924
15.1%
$818
Wholesale Trade
N/A
N/A
N/A
168,623
4.4%
$972
Retail Trade
87
9.7%
$275
440,057
11.6%
$424
Transportation and
19
2.1%
$548
135,026
3.6%
$685
Warehousing
Information
N/A
N/A
N/A
77,026
2.0%
$1,151
Finance and Insurance
N/A
N/A
$668
140,481
3.7%
$1,519
Real Estate and Rental &
24
2.7
N/A
47,719
1.3%
$605
Leasing
Professional and Technical
N/A
N/A
N/A
161,530
4.3%
$951
Services
Management of Companies
N/A
N/A
N/A
63,507
1.7%
$1,888
and Enterprises
Administrative and Waste
N/A
N/A
N/A
214,084
5.6%
$451
Services
Educational Services
186
20.7%
$486
354,225
9.3%
$624
Health Care and Social
25
2.8%
$668
479,688
12.7%
$755
Assistance
Arts, Entertainment and
N/A
N/A
N/A
43,977
1.2%
$434
Recreation
Accommodation and Food
36
4.0%
$164
299,968
7.9%
$232
Services
Other Services excl. Public
28
N/A
$238
97,178
2.6%
$429
Admin.
Public Administration
241
26.8%
$499
217,810
5.7%
$685
Unclassified
N/A
N/A
N/A
14,436
0.4%
$500
Source: US Census and NC Employment Security Commission.
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e. Employment Commuting Patterns
The 2000 mean travel time to work for Tyrrell County residents was 32 minutes. Forty-five
percent (45.6%) of the total population traveled less than 20 minutes to their place of employment.
Many eastern North Carolina counties have mean travel times in excess of 30 minutes. The limited
travel time for Tyrrell County is the result of in -County employment opportunities and the
surrounding coastal counties. According to the Tyrrell County Chamber of Commerce,
approximately 60-70% of county residents rely on work outside of the county. Table 16 provides
a summary of travel time to work.
Table 16. Tyrrell County
Travel Time to Work
Travel Time to Work
Total Employed
% of Total
Total Workers 16 Years and Over
1,531
Did Not Work At Home
1,464
100.0%
Travel Time:
Less than 5 Minutes
56
3.8%
5 to 9 Minutes
276
18.9%
10 to 14 Minutes
213
14.5%
15 to 19 Minutes
155
10.6%
20 to 24 Minutes
91
6.2%
25 to 29 Minutes
13
0.9%
30 to 34 Minutes
125
8.5%
35 to 39 Minutes
32
2.2%
40 to 44 Minutes
11
0.7%
45 to 59 Minutes
167
11.4%
60 to 89 Minutes
222
15.2%
90 Minutes or More
103
7.7%
Mean Travel Time to Work
32.5 Minutes
Worked at Home
67
Source: 2000 U.S. Census.
f. Tourism
Domestic tourism in Tyrrell County generated an economic impact of $3.16 million in 2004.
This was a 5.2% increase over 2003. In 2004, Tyrrell County ranked 98th in travel impact among
North Carolina's 100 Counties. More than 20 jobs in Tyrrell were directly attributable to travel and
tourism. Travel generated a $0.36 million payroll in 2004. State and local tax revenues from travel
to Tyrrell County amounted to $0.48 million. This represents a $115 tax saving to each county
resident. Tyrrell County's proximity to some of the state's most popular destinations on Roanoke
Island and the Outer Banks has contributed to the overall growth in tourism revenues.
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g. Employment and Economic Summary
• Tyrrell County ranks 991h in terms of median household income statewide.
• The Town of Columbia's median household income of $20,588 is only 53% of the
state's average income of $39,184.
• The largest employment sector in Columbia is Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, and
Accommodations while the county's biggest sector is Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing,
and Hunting.
• The top employers in the county are the Tyrrell County Board of Education and the
State of North Carolina.
• The highest average weekly wage in the county is $688 which is produced in
Finance and Insurance sector.
• The 2000 mean travel time to work for Tyrrell County residents was 32 minutes.
Approximately 60-70% of county residents rely on work outside of the county.
4. Population Projections
The population projections through 2030 for the entire County and the Town of Columbia are
provided in Table 17. The reader is cautioned that because of potential municipal annexation
actions, it is extremely difficult to forecast municipal population growth. The County has stationary
geographic/political boundaries. Because of annexations, this is not true for the Town of Columbia.
According to Table 45, the County is expected to have a 27.6% growth rate and Columbia is
expected to have a 40.2% growth rate.
Table 17. Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Population Projections, 2005-2030
2005
Overall %
(estimate) 2010
2015 2020 2025 2030 Change
Columbia 840 899
962 1,029 1,101 1,178 40.2%
Tyrrell County 4,203 4,413
4,634 4,865 51109 5,364 27.6%
Source: NC Office of State Planning and Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
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B. NATURAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
1. Natural Features - Analysis and Mapping
a. Topography and Geology
Tyrrell County is located in northeastern North Carolina. The Town of Columbia is located
in the northwestern portion of Tyrrell County. The topography in the county is flat, generally
sloping from the south and west towards the north and east. The county drains into the
Scuppernong River in the northwestern section, the Albemarle Sound in the north, and the Alligator
River on the east side of the county. The county has elevations that range from about 15 feet
above mean sea level in the southwest to 2 feet along the sound and the Alligator River. The
highest elevation is in the New Lands section at 17 feet.
There are three geologic regions in North Carolina: mountains, piedmont, and coastal
plains. Tyrrell County is positioned in the lower coastal plains. The area is considered to be in the
Cenozoic Era and the Quarternary Period. The geology is classified as Qp which consists of surficial
deposits - sand clay, gravel, and peat deposited in marine, fluvial, eolian, and lacustrine
environments.
b. Climate
Tyrrell County is hot and humid in the summer with an average temperature of 770 and an
average daily maximum temperature of 880. Winters are cool with occasional cold spells. The
average temperature in the winter is 440 with an average daily minimum of 320. The average
relative humidity at dawn is 85% and around 60% in the midafternoon.
The county has rain throughout the year, which can be fairly heavy. The annual
precipitation is adequate for crops that grow in the area. Sixty percent (60%) of the annual
precipitation falls during the growing season, April through September, for most crops. Two out
of ten years the rainfall during the growing season will be less than 25 inches. Most thunderstorms
occur in the summer.
C. Flood Zones
Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) are defined as land area with a greater than 1% chance
per year of flooding. These areas are also known as floodplains. The National Flood Insurance
Program uses flood hazard zone designations to indicate the magnitude of flood hazards in specific
areas. Tyrrell County has two flood zones: AE and Shaded X. Following are descriptions of each.
Zone AE.• Special Flood Hazard Areas inundated by the 100-year flood; base flood
elevations are determined.
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Shaded X.• Areas of 500-year flood.
These flood hazard areas are indicated on Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMS), which are
considered the most reliable and consistent source for delineating SFHAs and are the source used
to determine whether or not the purchase of flood insurance is mandatory for developed properties
with mortgages. According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, a home located within
an SFHA has a 26% chance.of suffering flood damage during the term of a 30-year mortgage.
Eighty-six (86%) of the county's unincorporated land area is located within a 100- or 500-year
floodplain and 100% of the Town of Columbia's land area is located within an SFHA.
The table below describes the extent of flood hazard areas within Tyrrell County and the
Town of Columbia. Maps 2A and 2B (see Appendix II) delineate those areas.
Table 18. Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Acreage in Flood Hazard Areas
Unincorporated County
Columbia Planning Jurisdiction
Total County
Acres
% from Total
Acres
% from Total
Acres % from Total
AE 193,632.8
.78.1%
3,054.3
100.0%
196,687.1 78.3%
Shaded X 19,611.3
7.8%
0.0
0.0%
19,611.3 7.8%
TOTAL 213,244.1
85.09%
3,054.3
100.00/0
216,298.4 86.2%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
In 1986, the US Army Corps of Engineers prepared maps of coastal North Carolina which
delineated the flooding that may be expected to occur as a result of hurricanes. The maps were
prepared utilizing a computer based model named SLOSH (Sea, Lake, Overland, Surges from
Hurricanes). The model plots hurricane -related flooding which may result from a number of
characteristics including wind speed, wind direction, time, tide, etc. According to the National
Hurricane Center, the SLOSH model is generally accurate within plus or minus 20 percent. For
example, if the model calculates a peak 10 foot storm surge for the event, you can expect the
observed peak to range from 8 to 12 feet. The point of hurricane's landfall is crucial to determining
which areas will be inundated by the storm surge. Where the hurricane forecast track is
inaccurate, SLOSH model results will be inaccurate. The SLOSH model, therefore, is best used for
defining the potential maximum surge for a location.
Maps 3A and 3B (see Appendix II) indicate the areas of Tyrrell County and the Town of
Columbia which are most susceptible to hurricane generated storm surge from fast and slow
moving hurricanes. Fast moving hurricanes have a forward velocity of greater than or equal to
fifteen (15) miles per hour. Slow moving hurricanes have a forward velocity of less than fifteen
(15) miles per hour. The following tables summarize the land areas inundated by varying
categories of fast and slow moving hurricanes. Please note that the acreage for Category 3 storms
will also include the acreage for a Category 1 or 2 storm. Category 4 and 5 storms include the
acreage from Category 1,2, and 3 storms.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 27

Table 19. Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Slow Moving Hurricane Inundation (Acreage)
Unincorporated County
Columbia Planning
Jurisdiction*
Total County
Acres
% from Total
Acres
% from Total
Total % from Total
Category 1 & 2
199,150.5
80.3%
3,054.3
100.0%
202,204.8 80.5%
Category 3
233,780.5
94.3%
3,054.3
100.0%
236,834.8 94.3%
Category 4 & 5
,247,824.9
99.9%
3,054.3
100.0%
250,879.2 99.9%
*The entire Town of Columbia is inundated during Categories 1 and 2 hurricanes.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Table 20. Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Fast Moving Hurricane Inundation (Acreage)
Unincorporated County
Columbia Planning
Jurisdiction*
Total County
Acres
% from Total
Acres
% from Total
Acres % from Total
Category 1 & 2
152,035.6
61.3%
3,048.0
99.8%
155,083.6 61.8%
Category 3
166,447.9
67.1%
3,054.3
100.0%
169,502.2 67.5%
Category 4 & 5
208,577.8
84.1%
3,054.3
100.0%
211,632.1 84.3%
*The entire Town of Columbia is inundated during a Category 3 hurricane.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Hurricane intensity is measured using the Saffir-Simpson Scale, ranging from 1 (minimal)
to 5 (catastrophic). The following scale categorizes hurricane intensity linearly based upon
maximum sustained winds, minimum barometric pressure and storm surge potential.
Category 1: Winds of 74 to 95 miles per hour. Damage primarily to shrubbery,
trees, foliage, and unanchored mobile homes. No appreciable wind damage to other
structures. Some damage to poorly constructed signs. Storm surge possibly 4 to 5
feet above normal. Low-lying roads inundated, minor pier damage, some small craft
in exposed anchorage torn from moorings.
Category 2., Winds of 96 to 110 miles per hour. Considerable damage to shrubbery
and tree foliage; some trees blown down. Major damage to exposed mobile homes.
Extensive damage to poorly constructed signs. Some damage to roofing materials
of buildings; some window and door damage. No major wind damage to buildings.
Storm surge possibly 6 to 8 feet above normal. Coastal roads and low-lying escape
routes inland cut by rising water 2 to 4 hours before arrival of hurricane center.
Considerable damage to piers. Marinas flooded. Small craft in unprotected
anchorages torn from moorings. Evacuation_ of some shoreline residences and low-
lying island areas required.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 28

Category.3: Winds of 111 to 130 miles per hour. Foliage torn from trees; large trees
blown down. Practically all poorly constructed signs blown down. Some damage to
roofing materials of buildings; some window and door damage. Some structural
damage to small buildings. Mobile homes destroyed. Storm surge possibly 9 to 12
feet above normal. Serious flooding at coast and many smaller structures near coast
destroyed; larger structures near coast damaged by battering waves and floating
debris. Low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours before
hurricane center arrives.
Category 4. Winds of 131 to 155 miles per hour. Shrubs and trees blown down; all
signs down. Extensive damage to roofing materials, windows, and doors. Complete
failure of roofs on many small residences. Complete destruction of mobile homes.
Storm surge possibly 13 to 18 feet above normal. Major damage to lower floors of
structures near shore due to flooding and battering by waves and floating debris.
Low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours before hurricane
center arrives. Major erosion of beaches.
Category5.• Winds greater than 155 miles per hour. Shrubs and trees blown down;
considerable damage to roofs of buildings; all signs down. Very severe and
extensive damage to windows and doors. Complete failure of roofs on many
residences and industrial buildings. Extensive shattering of glass in windows and
doors. Some complete building failures. Small buildings overturned or blown away.
Complete destruction of mobile homes. Storm surge possibly greater than 18 feet
above normal. Major damage to lower floors of all structures less than 15 feet
above sea level. Low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours
before hurricane center arrives.
d. Manmade Hazards
There are no significant manmade hazards within the Town of Columbia or the
unincorporated areas of Tyrrell County. The greatest concentrations of hazardous materials are
the storage of gasoline and fuel oil. In addition to fuel storage, chemicals and pesticides are stored
at a limited number of areas. The EPA requires that facilities report certain chemical substances
located on site. Specifically, under this regulatory requirement, facilities with chemicals on the
EPA's list of Extremely Hazardous Substances present in a quantity equal to or in excess of their
established Threshold Planning Quantity or a 500 pound threshold (whichever number is less), as
well as any hazardous chemical present on site in a quantity equal to or greater than 10,000
pounds must be included on an annual report called the Tier II. This report must be submitted by
March 15Y of each year to the North Carolina Emergency Response Commission, the Local
Emergency Management Department, and the local fire department with jurisdiction over the
facility. At the. time of this writing there were three facilities that were included on the Tyrrell
County Tier II report.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 29

There are 79 underground storage tanks (USTs) in Tyrrell County. Seventy-two of the USTs
are located in the Town of Columbia, while the remaining seven are within the Scuppernong
Township. As a result of federal regulations (Chapter 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts
280 and 281) concerning underground storage tanks, the threat of explosion or groundwater
contamination from existing underground storage tanks should decrease.
e. SOils
The Soil Survey of Tyrrell County, North Carolina, the latest detailed soil survey for the
county, was issued in July 1988 by the Soil Conservation Service. That survey identifies 22 soil
series within the county. These associations are delineated on Map 4 (see Appendix II) and their
conditions for site development are summarized in Table 21.
There are 17 soils that are hydric soils. Those soils are noted in the table below. A hydric
soil is a soil which is saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during the growing season to
develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part (anaerobic is defined as a situation in which
molecular oxygen is absent from the environment). These soils may meet the definition of 404
wetland areas if found in combination with certain 404 vegetation and require permitting by the
US Army Corps of Engineers' Wilmington office prior to any disturbance.
Table 21. Tyrrell County Soil Characteristics
Depth to
Flooding
Map
% of
Seasonal High
Frequency
Dwellings without
Local Roads and
Symbol
Description
Acres
Total .
Water Table (ft)
(Surface)
Basements
Streets
AaA
Altavista loamy
2,858.3
1.1%
1.5 to 2.5 feet
None
Moderate:
Moderate:
fine sand, 0 to
wetness
wetness
2%
Ap*
Arapahoe fine
1,584.4
0.6%
0 to 1.0 foot
Rare
Severe: flooding,
Severe: wetness
sandy loam,
wetness
rarely flooded
Ar*
Argent silt loam,
3,778.9
1.5%
0 to 1.0 foot
Rare
Severe: flooding,
Severe: low
rarely flooded
wetness
strength,
wetness
At
Augusta fine
4,485.6
1.8%
1.0 to 2.0 feet
None
Severe: wetness
Moderate: low
sandy loam
strength,
wetness
Ba*
Belhaven muck,
23,592.6
9.4%
0 to 1.0 foot
Rare
Severe: flooding,
Severe: wetness,
rarely flooded
wetness, low
low strength
strength
Cf*
Cape Fear loam,
7,965.7
3.2%
0 to 1.5 foot
Rare
Severe: flooding,
Severe: low
rarely flooded
wetness
strength,
wetness
Ch*
Chowan silt
1,603.7
0.6%
0 to 1.5 foot
Frequent
Severe: flooding,
Severe: low
loam, frequently
wetness
strength,
flooded
wetness, flooding.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 30

Table 21 (continued)
Depth to
Flooding
Map
% of
Seasonal High
Frequency
Dwellings without
Local Roads and
Symbol
Description
Acres
Total
Water Table (ft)
(Surface)
Basements
Streets
CtA
Conetoe loamy
772.5
0.3%
> 6.0 feet
None
Slight
Slight
fine sand, 0 to 3
percent slopes
Do*
Dorovan muck,
23,213.9
9.3%
+1 to 0.5 foot
Frequent
Severe: flooding,
Severe: ponding,
frequently
ponding, low
flooding
flooded
strength
Hy*
Hyde loam,
20,015.6
8.0%
0 to 1.5 feet
Rare
Severe: flooding,
Severe: low
rarely flooded
wetness
strength,
wetness
Pe*
Perquimans
8,185.1
3.3%
0 1.0 foot
Rare
Severe: flooding,
Severe: wetness,
loam, rarely
wetness
low strength
flooded
Po*
Ponzer muck,
7,709.5
3.1%
0 to 1.0 foot
Rare
Severe: flooding,
Severe: wetness,
rarely flooded
wetness, low
low strength
strength
Pt*
Portsmouth
15,623.7
6.2%
0 to 1.0 foot
Rare
Severe: flooding,
Severe: wetness
loam, rarely
wetness
flooded
Pu*
Pungo muck,
80,203.4
32.0%
0 to 1.0 feet
Rare
Severe: flooding,
Severe: wetness,
rarely flooded
low strength,
low strength
wetness
Ro*
Roanoke loam,
1,847.9
0.7%
0 to 1.0 foot
Rare
Severe: flooding,
Severe: low
rarely flooded
wetness
strength,
wetness
Rp*
Roper muck,
15,076.4
6.0%
0 to 1.5 feet
Rare
Severe: flooding,
Severe: wetness,
rarely flooded
wetness
low strength
StB
State loamy fine
650.1
0.3%
4.0 to 6.0 feet
None
Slight
Moderate: low
sand, 0 to 4
strength
percent slopes
To*
Tomotley fine
15,022.6
6.0%
0 to 1.0 foot
Rare
Severe: wetness,
Severe: wetness
sandy loam,
flooding
rarely flooded
Ud*
Udorthents,
113.4
0.05%
**
**
**
**
loamy
WaA
Wahee loam, 0
785.3
0.3%
0.5 to 1.5 feet
None
Severe: wetness
Severe: low
to 3 percent
strength,
slopes
wetness
Wd*
Wasda muck,
4,108.4
1.6%
0 to 1.0 foot
Rare
Severe: flooding,
Severe: wetness
rarely flooded
wetness
Wk*
Weeksville silt
10,348.1
4.1%
0 to 1.0 foot
Rare
Severe: flooding,
Severe: wetness
loam, rarely
wetness
flooded
*Hydric soils.
**This soil was not evaluated during the soil survey.
Source: Soil Survey of Tyrrell County,
North Carolina.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 31

f. Water Supply
Tyrrell County is underlain by thousands of sedimentary rocks, but fresh water is only within
the upper part, to a depth of a few hundred feet. The depth to salty water varies from more than
400 feet in the southwestern part of the county to less than 100 feet in the vicinity of the sound.
In the southwestern part of the county, the limestone aquifer may be capable of yielding over
1,000 gallons per minute. Elsewhere in the county, the limestone aquifer contains only salty water.
Overlying this aquifer is a sequence of sands and shales belonging to the upper sandy aquifer,
which is capable of yielding hundreds of gallons per minute to individual wells in the southwestern
part of the county, but less than 100 gallons per minute in the vicinity of the sound. The well
water tends to be very hard, alkaline, and may contain excessive iron.
g. Fragile Areas and Areas of Environmental Concern
CAMA establishes"Areas of Environmental Concern"(AECs) as the foundation of the Coastal
Resources Commission's permitting program for coastal development. An AEC is an area of natural
importance: it may be easily destroyed by erosion or flooding; or it may have environmental, social,
economic or aesthetic values that make it valuable.
The Coastal Resources Commission designates areas as AECs to protect them from
uncontrolled development, which may cause irreversible damage to property, public health or the
environment, thereby diminishing their value to the entire state. Statewide, AECs cover almost all
coastal waters and less than three percent of the land in the 20 coastal counties (source: NC
Division of Coastal Management, CAMA Handbook for Development in Coastal Areas, Section 2,
2002).
Fragile areas are those areas that are not explicitly defined as AECs but that could cause
significant environmental damage or other degradation of quality of Fife if not managed. These
include wetlands, natural heritage areas, areas containing endangered species, prime wildlife
habitats, or maritime forests. These areas must be evaluated pursuant to State regulations at 15A
NCAC 7H for the CAMA Land Use Planning process.
In this section, the County will evaluate'the following AECs and fragile areas within Tyrrell
County and the Town of Columbia: estuarine waters and shorelines, public trust areas, coastal
wetlands, areas of excessive erosion, natural resource fragile areas, and outstanding resource
waters.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 32

(1) Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shorelines
At times, you have heard
them called bays, sounds, lagoons,
marshes, and swamps. In simplest
terms, estuaries are transition zones
between fresh and salt water, usually
where a river or stream flows into the
ocean. Estuaries are protected from the
full force of ocean waves and wind by
barrier islands, mudflats, or sand. The
sheltered waters support an abundance
and diversity of plant and animal life,
including marine mammals, shore birds,
fish, crabs, clams and other shellfish, and
reptiles, just to name a few. A number
of marine organisms, including many of
the commercially valuable fish species,
depend on the estuaries for spawning,
nursing, or feeding. Due to these facts,
protection of estuaries within Tyrrell
County is vital in the effort to preserve
commercial fishing in waters surrounding
and adjacent to county boundaries.
Besides serving as an
important habitat for wildlife, estuaries
also serve as a water filtration system, by
removing sediments, nutrients, and
pollutants before they reach the ocean.
The filtration process creates cleaner
water, which is of benefit to both marine
life and people who inhabit the
surrounding areas. Estuaries also are
important sources of flood control, with
porous salt marsh soils and grasses
absorbing flood waters and dissipating
storm surges. Like barrier islands, they
provide natural barriers between the land
and the ocean.
Why are Estuaries Important?
The lands and waters of the estuarine system are home to
fish nursery areas, spawning areas, shellfish beds and
other habitats essential to North Carolina's commercial and
recreational fishing industries.
More than 90% of North Carolina's commercial and
recreational seafood species (such as shrimp, flounder, and
crabs) depend on the protective habitat and nutrients
found in coastal wetlands and estuarine waters for much of
their lives.
The stems, roots, and seeds of many coastal wetland
plants provide food and nesting materials for waterfowl
and other wildlife.
Marsh plants guard against erosion and flood damage.
Their leaves and stems dissipate wave energy, and their
root systems bind soil. The nutrients and decayed plant
material the marsh plants produce also contribute to the
productivity of the estuarine system.
Estuarine plants trap debris and excess nutrients and help
regulate the flow of fresh water into the estuary,
maintaining the system's balance.
Estuarine shorelines act as natural barriers to erosion and
flooding. Certain soil formations and plant communities
along estuarine shorelines also help slow erosion.
Natural buffers along the shoreline protect the water from
excess sediment and pollutants, and they protect nearby
developments from flooding and erosion.
Estuarine waters and public trust areas are important for
tourism, because they support commercial and recreational
fishing, boating, swimming, and other recreational
activities. (Source: NC Division of Coastal Management,
"CAMA Handbook for Development in Coastal North
Carolina, Section 2; 2002).
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 33

All of the waterbodies that surround the eastern, western, and northern portions of
Tyrrell County are recognized as estuarine waters. These waterbodies include, but are not limited
to the following: Scuppernong River, Albemarle Sound, Bull Bay, Alligator Creek, Alligator River,
Second Creek, The Frying Pan, Grapevine Bay, and Rattlesnake Bay. These waterbodies serve as
a vital component of the local economy within Tyrrell County due to the fisheries and eco-tourism
opportunities that these areas offer. Protection of these waters is a substantial concern for the
county, and will be addressed throughout the context of this plan.
Estuarine shorelines are land areas leeward of mean high tide that are immediately
adjacent to or bordering estuarine waters. These areas support the ecological function of estuaries
and are highly vulnerable to erosion caused by wind or water and to damage caused by
development. All shorelines adjacent to the waterbodies discussed above are considered etuarine
shorelines, and therefore fall under the jurisdiction of CAMA Coastal Policy as outlined below.
Under CAMA rules, all lands 75 feet leeward from the mean high tide are classified
as estuarine shorelines and are subject to CAMA development regulations at 15A NCAC 7H.0205-
0208, as follows:
• The location, design and construction of your project must give highest
priority to conserving the biological, economic, and social values of coastal
wetlands, estuarine waters and public trust areas, and protect public rights
of navigation and recreation in public trust areas.
• Your project should be designed and located to cause the least possible
damage to the productivity and integrity of:
— coastal wetlands;
— shellfish beds;
— submerged grass beds;
— spawning and nursery areas;
— important nesting and wintering areas for waterfowl and other
wildlife; and
— important natural barriers to erosion, such as marshes, cypress
fringes, and clay soils.
• Your project must follow the air and water quality standards set by the NC
Environmental Management Commission. Generally, development will not
be permitted if it lowers water quality for any existing uses of the water
(such as shellfishing, swimming, or drinking). For more information, contact
the NC Division of Air Quality or the Division of Water Quality.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan. Page 34

• Your project must not significantly increase siltation or erosion, which can
smother important habitats, block sunlight from aquatic plants, and choke
fish and shellfish.
• Your project must not create a stagnant body of water, which can affect
oxygen levels and accumulate sediments and pollutants that threaten fish
and shellfish habitats and public health.
• You must time the construction of your project to have the least impact on
the life cycles and migration patterns of fish, shellfish, waterfowl, and other
wildlife. The life cycles of animals that depend on the estuarine system are
especially sensitive during certain times of the year. For more information,
contact the Coastal Management office nearest you.
• Your project must not cause major or irreversible damage to valuable
archaeological or historic resources. Archaeological resources, such as the
remains of Native and Early American settlements, shipwrecks, and Civil or
Revolutionary War artifacts, provide valuable information about the history
of the coastal region and its people. Information on the location of these
sites is available from the NC Division of Archives and History in the
Department of Cultural Resources.
• Your project must not reduce or prevent the use of, and public access to,,
estuarine waters and public trust lands and waters.
• Your project must comply with the local land use plan. A land use plan is
a "blueprint" developed by local leaders to help guide decisions that affect
the growth of the community. CAMA requires each of the 20 coastal
counties to prepare a local land use plan and update it according to CRC
guidelines. More than 70 cities and counties have adopted their own plans.
(2) Public Trust Waters
The North Carolina Division of Coastal Management (DCM). defines "Public Trust
Areas" as the coastal waters and submerged lands that every North Carolinian has the right to use
for activities such as boating, swimming, or fishing. These areas often overlap with estuarine
waters, but they also include many inland creeks and streams that are navigable. Tyrrell County
has started focusing on these public trust waters as an economic resource, outside of commercial
fishing. The county has recently initiated efforts to utilize these areas for eco-tourism companies.
These efforts focus on waterborne tours and recreational boat and kayak trips. This type of
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 35

economic development is appealing to the county because of its minimal impact on environmental
quality. The following lands and waters are considered public trust areas:
• all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands underneath, from the normal
high water mark on shore to the state's official boundary three miles
offshore;
• all navigable natural water bodies and the lands underneath, to the normal
high watermark on shore (a body of water is considered navigable if you can
float a canoe in it). This does not include privately -owned lakes where the
public does not have access rights;
• all water in artificially created water bodies that have significant public
fishing resources and are accessible to the public from other waters; and
• all waters in artificially created water bodies where the public has acquired
rights by prescription, custom, usage, dedication or any other means.
Although public trust areas must be delineated by on -site analysis, all submerged
lands within and adjacent to Tyrrell County, including Columbia, should be considered public trust
areas. Under CAMA regulations, all lands 30 feet leeward of public trust areas are subject to the
restrictions specified above for estuarine shoreline areas.
(3) Coastal Wetlands
Coastal Resources Commission's rules define "Coastal Wetlands" as any marsh in
the 20 coastal counties (including Tyrrell County and Columbia) that regularly or occasionally floods
by lunar or wind tides, and that includes one or more of the following 10 plant species:
Spartina alterniflora: Salt Marsh (Smooth) Cord Grass
Juncus roemerianus: Black Needlerush
Salicornia spp.: Glasswort
Distichlis spicata: Salt (or Spike) Grass
Limonium spp.: Sea Lavender
Scirpus spp.: Bulrush
Cladium jamaicense: Saw Grass
Typha spp.: Cattail
Spartina patens Salt Meadow Grass
Spartina cynosuroides: Salt Reed or Giant Cord Grass
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 36

COASTAL WETLAND PLANT SPECIES
salt bard; {or_Giant C[a p Cram,
(SArrtl as zvnnwratdw)
—` -� Saw Ceara•
6..4► eadowC,r » fCILA um!%fl••ticamrj
f �wrfirra parrnq
R
,, ,..�.z f 1 N
i'
(S�Vcofnia *At}•7 -- a"`� .r
Sat Gra.t I'
fM19t.khA Pica
S+. lwendcr
1 I.
i
v�
13.4uth
IictrAut tpµJ
Coastal Wetland Plant Species in North Carolina (Source: NCDCM, "CAMA Handbook for Development in Coastal North
Carolina", 2002)
Coastal wetlands provide significant environmental and economic benefits to Tyrrell
County and the Town of Columbia. They protect against flooding, help maintain water quality,
provide habitat to wildlife, and serve as part of the estuarine system described earlier in this plan.
In 2003, NCDCM classified and mapped coastal wetlands based on an analysis of
several existing data sets, including aerial photographs and satellite images of coastal areas in
North Carolina, including all portions of Tyrrell County. Even though the presence of wetlands
must be established by an onsite delineation and investigation of plants, NCDCM produced an
excellent representation of wetlands in the County, and throughout coastal North Carolina (see
Appendix II, Map 5).
According to NCDCM's 2003 Coastal Wetlands Inventory, approximately 66% of the
County's unincorporated land area, or 163,953 acres, were determined to be coastal wetlands.
Within the Columbia planning jurisdiction (corporate limits and ETJ), the inventory identified
1,282.9 acres of wetlands, comprising 42.0% of the total area. Refer to Table 22.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 37

Table 22. Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Wetland Areas By Type
Tyrrell County
Unincorporated County
Columbia Town Limits
Columbia ErJ
Acres
% from
Acres
% from
Acres
% from
Acres
% from
Total
Total
Total
Total
Bottomland
1,397.7
0.6%
1,397.5
0.6%
0.0
0.0%
0.2
0.0%
Hardwood
Cleared Depressional
647.4
0.3%
647.4
0.3%
0.0
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
Swamp Forest
Cleared Hardwood
189.8
0.1%
189.8
0.1%
0.0
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
Flat
Cleared Pine Flat
208.0
0.1%
208.0
0.1%
0.0
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
Cleared Pocosin
216.8
0.1%
216.8
0.1%
0.0
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
Cleared Riverine
3.5
0.0%
3.5
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
Swamp Forest
Cutover Depressional
300.2
0.1%
299.8
0.1%
0.0
0.0%
0.4
0.0%
Swamp Forest '
Cutover Hardwood
319.2
0.1%
318.3
0.1%
0.0
0.0%
0.9
0.0%
Flat
Cutover Headwater
0.6
0.0%
0.6
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
Swamp
Cutover Pine Flat
104.1
0.0%
104.1
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
Cutover Pocosin
161.7
0.1%
161.7
0.1%
0.0
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
Cutover Riverine
4.3
0.0%
4.3
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
Swamp Forest
Depressional Swamp
49,879.2
19.9%
49,863.8
20.1%
0.0
0.0%
15.4
0.6%
Forest
Drained Depressional
4,332.3
1.7%
4,330.7
1.8%
0.0
0.0%
1.6
0.1%
Swamp Forest
Drained Hardwood
690.4
0.3%
690.4
0.3%
0.0
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
Flat
Drained Pine Flat
782.6
0.3%
782.6
0.3%
0.0
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
Drained Pocosin
2,528.9
1.0%
2,528.9
1.0%
0.0
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
Drained Riverine
381.1
0.2%
381.1
0.2%
0.0
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
Swamp Forest
Estuarine Forest
2.8
0.0%
2.8
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
Estuarine
196.1
0.1%
196.1
0.1%
0.0
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
Shrub/Scrub
Freshwater Marsh
216.7
0.1%
216.7
0.1%
0.0
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
Hardwood Flat
7,163.0
2.9%
7,153.0
2.9%
0.03
0.0%
10.0
0.4%
Headwater Swamp
43.6
0.0%
43.6
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
Human Impacted
326.0
0.1%
320.1
0.1%
5.8
0.9% -
0.1
0.0%
Managed Pineland
22,651.3
9.0%
22,297.8
9.0%
9.3
1.5%
344.2
14.2%
Pine Flat
6,935.6
2.8%
6,927.3
2.8%
0.0
0.0%
8.2
0.3%
Pocosin
39,019.4
15.6%
39,019.4
15.7%
0.0
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
Riverine Swamp
25,918.3
10.3%
25,031.4
10.1%
69.3
11.0%
817.5
33.7%
Forest
Salt/Brackish Marsh
615.4
0.2%
615.4
0.3%
0.0
0.0%
0.0
0.0%o
TOTAL
165,235.9
65.9%
163,953.0
66.1%
84.5
13.4%
1,198.4
49.5%
Source: NC Division of Coastal Management, NC Center for Geographic Information Analysis, Holland Consulting Planners
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 38

The following provides the NCDCM descriptions of the various wetland areas found
within Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia (source: NCDCM Wetlands Inventory, 2003):
Salt/Brackish Marsh. Any salt marsh or other marsh subject to regular or
occasional flooding by tides, including wind tides (whether or not the tide
waters reach the marshland areas through natural or artificial watercourses),
as long as this flooding does not include hurricane or tropical storm waters.
Coastal wetland plant species include: smooth cordgrass; black needlerush;
glasswort; salt grass; sea lavender; salt marsh bullrush; saw grass; cattail;
salt meadow cordgrass; and big cordgrass.
Estuarine Shrub/Scrub. Any shrub/scrub dominated community subject to
occasional flooding by tides, including wind tides (whether or not the tide
waters reach these areas through natural or artificial watercourses). Typical
species include wax myrtle and eastern red cedar.
Estuarine Forested. A forested wetland community subject to occasional
flooding by tides, including wind tides (whether or not the tide waters reach
the marshland areas through natural or artificial watercourses). Examples
include pine -dominated communities with rushes in the understory or fringe
swamp communities such as those that occur along the Albemarle and
Pamlico sounds.
Maritime Swamp Forest. A forested community characterized by its stunted
growth due to the stresses imposed by its proximity to salt spray from the
ocean. Typical vegetation includes live oak, red maple, and swamp tupelo.
Freshwater Marsh. Herbaceous areas that are flooded for extended periods
during the growing season. Included are marshes within lacustrine systems,
managed impoundments, some Carolina Bays, and other non -tidal marshes
(i.e., marshes which do not fall into the Salt/Brackish Marsh category).
Typical communities include species of sedges, millets, rushes, and grasses
that are not specified in the coastal wetland regulations. Also included are
giant cane, arrowhead, pickeralweed, arrow arum, smartweed, and cattail.
Bottomland Hardwood. Riverine forested or occasionally shrub/scrub
communities, usually occurring in floodplains, that are seasonally flooded.
Typical species include oaks (overcup, water, laurel, swamp chestnut),
sweet gum, green ash, cottonwoods, willows, river birch, and occasionally
pines.
Swamp Forest. Very poorly drained riverine or non-riverine forested or
occasionally shrub/scrub communities which are semi -permanently flooded,
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 39

including temporarily flooded depressional systems. Typical species include
cypress, black gum, water tupelo, green ash, and red maple.
• Headwater Swamp. Wooded, riverine systems along first order streams.
These include hardwood dominated communities with soil that is moist most
of the year. Channels receive their water from overland flow and rarely
overflow their own banks.
• HardwoodFlat Poorly drained interstream flats not associated with rivers
or estuaries. Seasonally saturated by high water table or poor drainage.
Species vary greatly but often include sweet gum and red maple.
• Pine Flat. Freshwater, seasonally saturated pine communities on hydric soils
that may become quite dry for part of the year. Generally occur in flat or
nearly flat areas that are not associated with a river or stream system.
Usually dominated by loblolly pine. This category does not include managed
pine systems.
• Managed Pine/and. Seasonally saturated, managed pine forests (usually
loblolly pine) occurring on hydric soils. Since this category is based primarily
on soils data and 30 meter resolution satellite imagery, it is less accurate
than the other wetland categories.
• Human Impacted (w-type 40). Areas of human impact have physically
disturbed the wetland, but the area is still a wetland. Impoundments and
some cutovers are included in this category, as well as other disturbed
areas, such as power lines.
• Partially Drained Wet/and. Any wetland system described above that is, or
has been, effectively drained (according to the National Wetlands
Inventory).
• Cutover Wetland. Areas for which satellite imagery indicates a lack of
vegetation in 1994. These areas are likely to still be wetlands; however,
they have been recently cut over. Vegetation in these areas may be
regenerating naturally, or the area may be in use for silvicultural activities.
Note that marshes cannot be considered cutover.
• Cleared Wetland. Areas of hydric soils for which satellite imagery indicates
a lack of vegetation in both 1988 and 1994. These areas are likely to no
longer be wetlands.
Areas identified as coastal wetlands are subject to CAMA regulations as specified
above for estuarine shoreline areas.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 40

Freshwater swamps and inland, non -tidal wetlands are not in the CAMA permit
jurisdiction, unless the CRC specifically designates them as AECs. However, these wetlands are
protected by Section 404 of the Federal Clean Water Act. An Army Corps of Engineers "Section
404" permit (USACE 404) may be required for projects taking place in these wetlands. Site -specific
delineation of potential wetlands is required, under USACE wetland delineation guidelines, in order
to. determine whether a specific proposed development project requires a USACE 404 permit.
There are several different types of USACE 404 permits. In general, however, the basic premise
of the USACE 404 program is that no discharge of dredge or fill material can be permitted if a
practicable alternative exists that is less damaging to the aquatic environment or if the nation's
waters would be significantly degraded.
(4) Protected Lands and Significant Natural Heritage Areas
Natural resource fragile areas, or "Protected Lands," are areas that are protected
from the threat of development by regulation due to ownership by a governmental entity or non-
profit organization. Features in these areas serve to distinguish them from the vast majority of the
landscape. These areas include complex natural areas, areas that sustain remnant species,
pocosins, wooded swamps, prime wildlife habitats, or registered natural landmarks. NCDCM has
identified and mapped these areas in conjunction with. the North Carolina Center for Geographic
Analysis (NCCGIA). The designated "Protected Lands" throughout Tyrrell County, including the
Town of Columbia are summarized in Table 23 below, and shown on Maps 6A and 6B (see
Appendix II).
Table 23. Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Protected Lands
Unincorporated County
Acres % from
Total
Columbia Planning
Jurisdiction
Acres % from
Total
Total County
Total % from
Total
1. Agric Tidewater Research Station
228.06
0.1%
0.00
0.0%
228.06
0.1%
2. Buckridge Coastal Reserve
18,043.09
7.3%
0.00
0.0%
18,043.09
7.2%
3. EHNR - Kitty Hawk Woods
0.00
0.0%
25.76
0.8%
25.76
0.0%
4. NCSU - 4H Center
225.17
0.1%
0.00
0.0%
225.17
0.1%
5. PRKS Pettigrew State Park
74.88
0.0%
0.00
0.0%
74.88
0.0%
6. WRC Columbia Access Area
1.98
0.0%
0.00
0.0%
1.98
0.0%
7. WRC Creswell Wetlands
2,632.88
1.1%
0.00
0.0%
2,632.88
1.1%
8. WRC Gum Neck Access Area
8.43
0.0%
0.00
0.0%
8.43
0.0%
9. Pocosin Lakes NWR*
58,008.61
23.4%
230.07
7.5%
58,238.68
23.2%
Total
79,223.10
31.9%
255.83
8.4%
79,478.93
31.7%
*A portion of the Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge falls within the corporate limits of the Town of Columbia.
**Numbers correspond to location on Maps 6A and 6B.
Source: NC Center for Geographic Information Analysis, Holland Consulting Planners.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 41

"Significant Natural Heritage Areas" (SNHA) are areas containing ecologically
significant natural communities or rare species. The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program of
the NC Division of Parks and Recreation (NCDPR) identifies and helps facilitate the protection of
these areas. NCDCM has identified these areas through the assistance of NCGIA.
Approximately 57% of the county's total acreage is located in a Significant Natural Heritage
Area. All of these sites are located within unincorporated portions of the county, with the exception
of the Scuppernong River Swamp Forest, of which a portion falls within the corporate limits of the
Town of Columbia. The abundance of unspoiled natural areas within Tyrrell County serves as a
significant asset that may be used for economic development efforts. Through the implementation
of this plan, the county will aim to further ensure the protection of these environmentally sensitive
areas. The following table summarizes the SNHA sites throughout Tyrrell County. Refer to Map
7 (see Appendix II) for the location of these sites.
Table 24. Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Significant Natural Heritage Areas
1. Alligator Creek/Second Creek
Swamp Forest
2. Buck Ridge Swamps
3. Bunton Creek Swamp
4. Frying Pan Swamps
5. Harvester Road Tall Pocosin
6. Lake Phelps Aquatic Habitat
7. New Lake Fork Pocosin and
New Lake
8. Palmetto-Peartree Swamp
Forest
9. Pettigrew State Park
10. River Neck Swamp
11. Roper Island
12. Scuppernong River Swamp
Forest
13. Upper Alligator River Marshes
and Forests
Total
Columbia Planning
Unincorporated County Jurisdiction Total County
Acres % from Acres % from Total % from
Total Total Total
16,828.5 6.8% 0.0 0.0% 16,828.5 6.7%
16,510.8
6.7%
A.0
0.0%
16,510.8
6.6%
138.0
0.1%
0.0
0.0%
138.0
0.1%
7,537.9
3.0%
0.0
0.0%
7,537.9
3.0%
8,085.3
3.3%
0.0
0.0%
8,085.3
3.2%
227.9
0.1%
0.0
0.0%
227.9
0.1%
12.1
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
12.1
0.0%
12,109.9
4.9%
0.0
0.0%
12,109.9
4.8%
141.8
0.1%
0.0
0.0%
141.8
0.1%
229.5
0.1%
0.0
0.0%
229.5
7.5%
6.7
0.0%
0.0
0.0%
6.7
0.0%
11,230.2
4.5%
575.4
18.8%
11,805.6
4.7%
51,334.7
20.7%
0.0
0.0%
51,334.7
20.5%
124,393.3
50.2%
575.4
18.8%
124,968.7
57.2% .
*Number corresponds to location on Map 7.
Source: NC Center for Geographic Information Analysis, Holland Consulting Planners.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 42

(5) Outstanding Resource Waters
All surface waters in North Carolina are assigned a primary classification by the NC
Division of Water Quality (DWQ). "Outstanding Resource Waters" (ORW) is a supplemental
classification intended to protect unique and special waters having excellent water quality and
being of exceptional state or national ecological or recreational significance. To qualify, waters
must be rated "Excellent" by DWQ and have one of the following outstanding resource values:
• Outstanding fish habitat or fisheries,
• Unusually high level of waterbased recreation,
• Some special designation such as NC or National Wild/Scenic/Natural/
Recreational River, National Wildlife Refuge, etc.,
• Important component of state or national park or forest, or
• Special ecological or scientific significance (rare or endangered species
habitat, research or educational areas).
No new or expanded wastewater discharges are allowed, although there are no
restrictions on the types of discharges to these waters. There are also associated stormwater
runoff, building density, best agricultural practices, and landfill siting controls enforced by DWQ.
There are several waterbodies bordering and located within interior portions of the county, which
have been designated as Outstanding Resource Waters by NCDWQ. These waterbodies are
summarized below, and are all located within the Pasquotank River Basin:
Phelps Lake
Juniper Creek
Grapevine Bay
The Straits
Coopers Creek
Goose Creek
Alligator River
Gum Neck Creek
Rattlesnake Bay
The Frying Pan
Babbit Bay
Second Creek
(6) Ocean Beaches and Shorelines & Inlet Hazard Areas (Areas of
Excessive Erosion)
Ocean beaches and shorelines are lands adjacent to open ocean waters consisting
of unconsolidated soil materials that extend from the mean low water line landward to a point
where either (1) the growth of vegetation occurs, or (2) a distinct change in slope or elevation
alters the configuration of the land form, whichever is farther landward. There are no ocean
beaches or shorelines located within the jurisdiction of Tyrrell County or the Town of Columbia.
Inlet hazard areas, are portions of land that lie adjacent to turbulent waters
associated with inlet navigation channels. Land adjacent to the inlet hazard area is extremely
vulnerable to inlet migration, rapid and severe changes in watercourse, flooding and strong tides.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 43

Inlets are associated with water bodies leading from estuarine waters to the open ocean, and
therefore will have no impact on properties within Tyrrell County.
h. Areas of Resource Potential
(1) Regionally Significant Parks
There are a number of facilities within Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia that
have regional significance, including the Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, Pettigrew State
Park, Scuppernong River Interpretive Boardwalk, Walter B. Jones Center for the Sounds, and
Palmetto-Peartree Preserve.
The Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge consists of 110,106 acres located within
Tyrrell, Hyde, and Washington Counties. Approximately 34,000 visit the refuge annually. Outdoor
recreational opportunities include hunting, fishing, hiking, biking, wildlife observation, kayaking,
and canoeing. The Pettigrew State Park is located in Tyrrell and Washington Counties and contains
1,200 acres of land and 16,600 acres of water. The park has camping facilities and other outdoor
recreational opportunities. Additionally, the park is currently acquiring land to expand upon
existing camping and water access facilities along the Scuppernong River. The Scuppernong River
Interpretive Boardwalk is located in the Town of Columbia behind the Visitor's Center. The
Boardwalk is one of the County's biggest attractions. The Walter B. Jones Center for the Sounds
is also located in the Town of Columbia and is a big attraction in the area. The Palmetto-Peartree
Preserve is northeast of Columbia on the Albemarle Sound. The preserve has 10,000 acres and
is home to many endangered and threatened wildlife species.
Tyrrell County is also home to the Emily and Richardson Preyer Buckridge Coastal Reserve,
which is comprised of more than 18,000 acres of natural topography. Located approximately 15
miles south of Columbia, the site is situated between the Alligator River and Pocosin Lakes National
Wildlife Refuges. The reserve is part of the East Dismal Swamp, a wetlands complex that
encompasses more than 320,000 acres in Dare, Tyrrell, and Washington counties. The majority
of the site contains non-riverine swamp forest with patches of peatland, Atlantic white cedar forests
and pond pine woodlands.
(2) Marinas and Mooring Fields
Marinas are defined as any publicly or privately owned dock, basin, or wet boat
storage facility constructed to accommodate more than ten boats and providing any of the
following services: permanent or transient docking spaces, dry storage, fueling facilities, haulout
facilities, and repair service. Excluded from this definition are boat ramp facilities allowing access
only, temporary docking, and none of the preceding services.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 44

Tyrrell County considers boating activities to be extremely important to its tourism
industry and its overall economy. Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia allow for the
construction of marinas. The following provides a listing of all marina facilities located within
Tyrrell County: Alligator River Marina, Columbia Marina, Columbia Town Harbor, Cypress Cove
Marina, Inter Yacht, Inc., Town of Columbia Dock, and Woodard's.
A "freestanding mooring" is any means to attach a ship, boat, vessel, floating
structure, or other water craft to a stationary underwater device, mooring buoy, buoyed anchor,
or piling (not associated with an existing pier, dock, or boathouse). When more than one
freestanding mooring is used in the same general vicinity it is commonly referred to as a mooring
field. Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia oppose the development of additional mooring
fields within their jurisdictions. One mooring field currently exists within the Scuppernong River
to serve transient boaters.
(3) Floating Homes
A floating home or structure is any structure, not a boat, supported by a means of
flotation, designed to be used without a permanent foundation, which is used or intended for
human habitation or commerce. A structure will be considered a floating structure when it is
inhabited or used for commercial purposes for more than.thirty days in any one location. A boat
may be deemed a floating structure when its means of propulsion has been removed or rendered
inoperative and it contains at least 200 square feet of living space area. There are no floating
homes within Tyrrell County or the Town of Columbia.
(4) Aquaculture
As defined under N.C. General Statute 106-758, aquaculture is the propagation and
rearing of aquatic species in controlled or selected environments, including but not limited to ocean
ranching. Crab shedding is the most prevalent form of aquaculture in the county. Currently, there
are nine (9) permitted blue crab shedding operations in the county. There are currently no
shellfish leases.
(5) Channel Maintenance
The Albemarle Sound and the Alligator River provide fishing and recreational boat
traffic routes. Proper maintenance of these channels is very important to the County and the
Town. If silt or other deposits fill in the channels, safe and efficient movement of vessels could be
impeded. The County and the Town support federal policy and funding for the dredging of all
intracoastal waterways.
10/20/09 . Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 45

(6) Marine Resources (Water Quality)
The North Carolina Division of Water Quality assigns water quality classifications to
all named waters of the State of North Carolina. The classifications are based upon the existing
or contemplated best usage of the various streams and segments of streams within a basin, as
determined through studies, evaluations, and comments received at public hearings. The state
water classification system is summarized in Table 25.
Table 25. NC Division of Water Quality
Water Body Classifications
PRIMARY FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER CLASSIFICATIONS*
CLASS
BEST USES
C and SC
Aquatic life propagation/protection and secondary recreation. Secondary recreation includes
wading, boating, and other uses involving human body contact with water where such activities
take place in an infrequent, unorganized, or incidental manner.
B and SB
Primary recreation and Class C uses. Primary recreational activities include swimming, skin diving,
water skiing, and similar uses involving human body contact with water where such activities take
place in an organized manner or on a frequent basis.
SA
Waters classified for commercial shellfish harvesting.
WS
WaterSuopiy watershed. There are five WS classes ranging from WS-I through WS-V. WS
classifications are assigned to watersheds based on land use characteristics of the area. Each
water supply classification has a set of management strategies to protect the surface water supply.
WS-I provides the highest level of protection and WS-V provides the least protection. A Critical
Area (CA) designation is also listed for watershed areas within a half -mile and draining to the
water supply intake or reservoir where an intake is located.
SUPPLEMENTAL CLASSIFICATIONS
CLASS
BEST USES
SW
Swamp Waters. Recognizes waters that will naturally be more acidic (have lower pH values) and
have lower levels of dissolved oxygen.
Tr
Trout Waters Provides protection to freshwaters for natural trout propagation and survival of
stocked trout.
HQW
High Quality Waters Waters possessing special qualities including excellent water quality, Native
or Special Native Trout Waters, Critical habitat areas, or WS-I and WS-II water supplies.
ORW
Outstanding Resource Waters Unique and special surface waters that are unimpacted by pollution
and have some outstanding resource values.
NSW
Nutrient Sensitive Waters Areas with water quality problems associated with excessive plant
growth resulting from nutrient enrichment.
* Primary classifications beginning with an "S" are assigned to saltwaters.
Source: NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
Water quality classifications vary slightly within Tyrrell County. The following table
provides a listing of all water bodies within the County that are classified by the .NC Division of
Water Quality along with their assigned classification. Fifteen of the water bodies are currently
listed as Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW). Map 8 (see Appendix II) provides the locations of
these water bodies.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 46

Table 26. Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Water Bodies and Classifications
Name of Stream
Description
Current Class
Albemarle Sound
All waters south and east of a line running in a southerly
SB
direction from Horniblow Point (North end of Norfolk -
Southern Railroad Bridge) to a point of land on the east
side of Roanoke River (a line running along the railroad to
the Chowan-Washington County Line, thence west along
the Chowan-Washington County Line to the Bertie-
Washington County Line, thence along the Bertie-
Washington County Line to a point 0.1 mile above the
mouth of Roanoke River, thence southeast 0.1 mile to the
east side of Roanoke River
Bull Bay
Entire Bay
SB
Bunton Creek
From source to Bull Bay
C; Sw
Scuppernong River
From source to mouth of Riders Creek (First.Creek)
C; Sw
Old Canal
From source to Scuppernong River
C; Sw
Phelps Lake
Entire lake
B; Sw; ORW
Bonarva Canal
From source to Old Canal
C; Sw
Bee Tree Canal and connecting
From sources to Scuppernong River
C; Sw
canals
Second Creek and connecting
From sources to Scuppernong River
C; Sw
canals
Scuppernong River
From mouth of Riders Creek (First Creek) to Bull Bay
SC
Riders Creek (First Creek) and
From sources to Scuppernong River
C; Sw
connecting canals
Bush Harrell Canal and
From sources to Scuppernong River
C; Sw
connecting canals
Greys Canal and connecting
From sources to Albemarle Sound
C; Sw
canals
Alligator River
From source to mouth of Northwest Fork
C; Sw; ORW
Alligator River
From mouth of Northwest Fork to US Highway 64
SC; Sw; ORW
Northwest Fork Alligator River
From source to Alligator River
C; Sw; ORW
Juniper Creek
From source to Northwest Fork Alligator River
C; Sw; ORW
Southwest Fork Alligator River
From source to Northwest Fork Alligator River
C; Sw; ORW
Dunbar Canal
From source to Southwest Fork Alligator River
C; Sw
Gum Neck Creek
From source to Alligator River
SC; Sw; ORW
Intracoastal Waterway (Pungo
From Currituck-Fairfield Township line to Alligator River
SC; Sw
River -Alligator River Canal)
Grapevine Bay
Entire Bay
SC; Sw; ORW
Rattlesnake Bay
Entire Bay
SC; Sw; ORW
The Straits
From source to Alligator River
SC; Sw; ORW
The Frying Pan
From source to The Straits
SC; Sw; ORW
Coopers Creek
From source to The Frying Pan
SC; Sw; ORW
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 47

Table 26 (continued)
Name of Stream
Description
Current Class
Basnight Canal
From source to The Frying Pan
C; Sw
Babbit Bay
Entire Bay
SC; Sw; ORW
Goose Creek
From source to Alligator River
C; Sw; ORW
Second Creek
From source to Alligator River
SC; Sw; ORW
Alligator River
From US Highway 64 to Albemarle Sound
SC; Sw
Little Alligator River
From source to Alligator River
SC; Sw
Goose Pond
Entire Pond
SC; Sw
Source: NC Division of Water Quality.
2. Environmental Composite Map
The environmental composite map (Map 9A and 913, see Appendix II) is a requirement under the
new CAMA Land Use Planning guidelines [15A NCAC 713.0702 (c)(2)]. Environmental data layers
were assigned to a class based on CAMA regulations. Three classes are identified and all land
masses, developed and undeveloped, are considered. The ultimate intent of the map is to rank
the suitability of all land based on the environmental criteria. The layers used, and their assigned
classes, are outlined in the following table. The categories used are as follows:
Class I.• Land that contains only minimal hazards and limitations that can be
addressed by commonly accepted land planning and development practices. Class I
land will generally support the more intensive types of land uses and development.
Class II.• Land that has hazards and limitations for development that can be
addressed by restrictions on land uses, special site planning, or the provision of
public services such as water and sewer. Land in this class will generally support
only the less intensive uses, such as low density residential, without significant
investment in services.
Class III.• Land that has serious hazards and limitations. Land in this class will
generally support very low intensity uses, such as conservation and open space.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 48

Table 27. Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia
Environmental Composite Map Layers
Laver
Class I
Class II
Class III
Coastal Wetlands
x
Exceptional or Substantial Non -Coastal Wetlands
x
Beneficial Non -Coastal Wetlands
x
Estuarine Waters
x
Flood Zones
x
Storm Surge Areas
x
HQW/ORW Watersheds
x
Water Supply Watersheds
x
Significant Natural Heritage Areas
x
Protected Lands
x
Data layers are site specific. As such, the value of the site will be determined by the highest class
theme that is represented on that site. For example, if the site is in a coastal wetland (Class III)
and in a storm surge area (Class II), the value for the site will be Class III. In other words, if an
area does not meet the criteria for Class III, but qualifies as Class II, it has Class II for a value.
If an area does not qualify for either Class III or Class II, then it is Class I by default.
Table 28 provides a summary of the land use acreages by class for Tyrrell County and the Town
of Columbia.
Table 28. Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia
Land Use Acreage by Class
Unincorporated County
Acres % from Total
Columbia Planning Jurisdiction
Acres % from Total
Total County
Total % from Total
Class I
23,596.8
9.5%
10.0
0.0%
23,596.8 9.4%
Class II
58,410.9
23.6%
1,619.4
55.5%
60,030.3 23.9%
Class III
165,979.7
66.9%
1,296.5
44.5%
167,276.2 66.7%
TOTAL
247,987.4
100.0%
2,915.9
100.0%
250,903.3 100.0%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
3. Environmental Conditions (Water Quality, Natural Hazards, and Natural Resources)
The Pasquotank River Basinwide Water Quality Plan was adopted by the Division of Water Quality
in July, 2002, and updated in September, 2007. The following are the goals of DWQ's basinwide
program and should be kept in mind when considering future land uses:
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 49

• Identify water quality problems and restore full use to impaired waters;
• Identify and protect high value resource waters;
• Protect unimpaired waters while allowing for reasonable economic growth;
• Develop appropriate management strategies to protect and restore water quality;
• Assure equitable distribution of waste assimilative capacity for dischargers; and
• Improve public awareness and involvement in the management of the state's
surface waters.
Following are several benefits of basinwide planning and management to water quality:
• Improved efficiency. The state's efforts and resources are focused on one river
basin at a time.
• Increased effectiveness. The basinwide approach is in agreement with basic
ecological principles.
• Better consistency and equitability. By clearly defining the program's long-term
goals and objectives, basinwide plans encourage consistent decision -making on
permits and water quality improvement strategies.
• Increased public participation in the state's water quality protection programs The
basinwide plans are an educational tool for increasing public involvement and
awareness about water quality issues.
• Increased integration of point and nonpoint source pollution assessment and
controls. Once waste loadings from both point and nonpoint sources are
established, management strategies can be developed to ensure compliance with
water quality standards.
Tyrrell County is located within the Pasquotank River Basin's subbasins 03-01-51 and 03-01-53.
The boundaries for the Pasquotank River Basin and subbasins 03-01-51 and 03-01-53 are
delineated on Map 10 (see Appendix II). There are fifteen water bodies classified as Outstanding
Resource Waters in Tyrrell County. The following provides a summary of existing conditions in the
Pasquotank River Basin and subbasins 03-01-51 and 03-01-53. 'Also included are DWQ
recommendations from the 2002 Basinwide Plan.
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a. Pasquotank River Basin
The Pasquotank River Basin extends for
approximately 145 miles and encompasses 3,635
square miles of low-lying lands and vast open
waters, including the Albemarle Sound in the
northeast section of the state. The basin is rural in
nature. In the center of the basin is the Albemarle
Sound with the Pasquotank, Roanoke, North, Little,
and Perquimans Rivers draining from the north and
the Scuppernong and Alligator Rivers draining from
the south.
The Pasquotank River Basin encompasses all
or portions of 10 counties and 11 municipalities.
Table 29 provides a listing of these municipalities.
Pasquotank River Basin Statistics
Total Area: 3,635 sq. miles
Stream Miles: 474.1
Freshwater Acres: 22,770.2
Estuarine Acres: 918,2216
Coast Miles: 110.6
No. of Counties: 10
No. of Municipalities: 11
No. of Subbasins: 7
Population (2000): 118,913*
Pop. Density (2000): 32.7 persons/sq. mi.*
*Based on percentage of county land area
estimated to be within the basin.
Table 29. Local Governments and Planning Units within the Pasquotank River Basin
County
Municipalities
Camden
Elizabeth City*
Chowan
None
Currituck
None
Dare
Kill Devil Hills, Kitty Hawk, Manteo, Nags Head, and Southern Shores
Gates
None
Hyde
None
Pasquotank
Elizabeth City*
Perquimans
Hertford, Winfall
Tyrrell
Columbia
Washington Creswell, Roper
*Located in more than one county.
NOTE: Counties are not included as part of a river basin if only a trace amount of the county (<2%) is located in that
basin unless there is a municipality.
Source: Pasquotank River Basinwide Water Quality Plan.
b. Gum Neck Watershed District
The Gum Neck farming community, an active drainage district, bounds the Preyer Buckridge
Coastal Reserve to the west. A dike surrounds the community, which is drained by an extensive
ditch network and continuously pumped to lower the water table. Several large canals pass
through the Reserve, carrying water from the drainage district and surrounding properties. The
watershed district boundary is outlined on Map 8.
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b. Subbasin 03-01-51
Subbasin 03-01-51 is located partially in Tyrrell,
Dare, and Hyde Counties. The population growth is
concentrated around Roanoke Island which is the most
developed section of the subbasin. There are several
public lands and significant natural heritage areas. There
are six permitted dischargers in the subbasin. The largest
discharger is the Manteo wastewater treatment plant
(WWTP) which discharges into Shallowbag Bay.
Waters are classified according to their best
Table 30
Subbasin 03-01-51 Description
Land and Water
Total area: '
978 miZ
Land area:
568 miZ
Water area:
410 mil
Population Statistics
1990 Est. pop.:
9,240 people
Land Cover
Forest/Wetland:
53.0%
Surface Water:
39.0%
Urban:
<1.0%
intended uses. Determining how well a water body
supports its designated uses is an important method of interpreting water quality data and
assessing water quality. Water bodies are fully supporting (FS), partially supporting (PS), or not
supporting (NS). Streams that are classified PS or NS are considered impaired waters. In subbasin
03-01-51, use support ratings were assigned for aquatic life/secondary recreation, primary
recreation, and shellfish harvest categories. Almost 53% of waters were evaluated for aquatic
life/secondary recreation. One hundred percent (100%) of the monitored waters were supporting
for aquatic life/secondary recreation. Ninety-two percent (92%) of waters were evaluated for
primary recreation. One hundred percent (100%) were supporting for primary recreation. One
hundred percent (100%) of waters were evaluated for shellfish harvest. Ninety-six percent (96%)
were supporting for shellfish harvest. All waters in the subbasin are considered impaired for fish
consumption. In April 2002, the NC Department of Health and Human Services developed new
guidelines to advise people as to what fish are safe to eat. DWQ considers uses of waters with a
consumption advice or advisory for one or more species of fish to be impaired. Elevated
methylmercury levels have been found in shark, swordfish, king mackerel, tilefish, largemouth
bass, bowfin (or blackfish) and chain pickerel (or jack), and these fish species fall under the
guidelines.
The following provides the 2002 Pasquotank River Basinwide Management Plan
recommendations for subbasin 03-01-51:
• West Shore ofRoanoke Sound. Some areas are prohibited for commercial shellfish
harvesting. Contamination is a result of nonpoint source pollution from adjacent
land uses. The NC Division of Water Quality recommends reviewing the discharge
permits for the Wanchese Harbor Project to include fecal coliform monitoring
requirements. DWQ also recommends that an Environmental Impact Statement be
completed for the project.
• ShallowbagBay. The Town of Manteo will discuss the reclassification of Shallowbag
Bay from SC waters to SB waters. As a result of a dredge spill in a tidal creek, DWQ
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recommends that dredge spoil analysis consider the full range of particle sizes
within potential spoils rather than focusing on the average particle size within the
spoil.
• Callaghan Creek. A follow up study will be completed to determined whether or not
fire response effects at the Dare County Landfill were contained and diminished.
A fire response plan and water disposal options will be discussed.
C. Subbasin 03-01-53
The largest river system in this subbasin is the
Scuppernong River. This river drains into the Albemarle
Sound. There are three municipalities located within the
subbasin: Columbia, Creswell, and Roper.. There are
seven permitted dischargers in subbasin 03-01-53. All of
these dischargers are minor NPDES permits. The total
permitted flow is 0.02 MGD. There are eight general
stormwater permits in the basin.
Waters are classified according to their best
intended uses. Determining how well a water body
supports its designated uses is an important method of
interpreting water quality data and assessing water
Table 31
Subbasin 03-01-53 Description
Land and Water
Total area: 475 mil
Land area: 336 miZ
Water area: 139 miZ
Population Statistics
1990 Est. pop.: 8,836 people
Land Cover
Forest/Wetland:
41.0%
Surface Water:
28.0%
Urban:
<1.0%
Cultivated Crop:
30.0%
Pasture/Managed Herbaceous:
4.0%
quality. Water bodies are fully supporting (FS), partially
supporting (PS), or not supporting (NS). Streams that are classified PS or NS are considered
impaired waters. In subbasin 03-01-53, use support ratings were assigned for aquatic
life/secondary recreation and primary recreation categories. Ninety-five percent (95%) of estuarine
waters (acres) were evaluated for aquatic life/secondary recreation. One hundred percent (100%)
of the monitored waters were supporting for aquatic life/secondary recreation. Ninety-five percent
(95%) of waters were evaluated for primary recreation. One hundred percent (100%) were
supporting for primary recreation. All waters in the subbasin are considered impaired for fish
consumption. In April 2002, the NC Department of Health and Human Services developed new
guidelines to advise people as to what fish are safe to eat. DWQ considers uses of waters with a
consumption advice or advisory for one or more species of fish to be Impaired. Elevated
methylmercury levels have been found in shark, swordfish, king mackerel, tilefish, largemouth
bass, bowfin (or blackfish) and chain pickerel (or jack), and these fish species fall under the
guidelines.
The following are the 2002 Pasquotank River Basinside Management Plan recommendations
for subbasin 03-01-53:
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• Scuppernong River, The NC Division of Water Quality will determine whether or not
ambient conditions in the river are due to natural conditions. DWQ should
encourage funding. and research for the watershed and will monitor the Tyrrell
County Water Treatment Plant and research the relocation of its discharge.
• Kendrick Creek and Main Canal. DWQ will research whether or not the ambient
conditions are due to natural conditions and encourage additional funding and
research for the watershed because they consider it to be a concern.
d. Registered Animal Operations within Pasquotank River Basin
The following table provides a summary_ of registered animal operations within the
Pasquotank River subbasins 03-01-51 and 03-01-53. The numbers only reflect those operations
required by law to be registered. There are no registered poultry operations in the subbasins. Five
of the swine facilities are located in Tyrrell County.
Table 32. Pasquotank River Basin
Registered Animal Operations
Swine
Cattle
No. of No. of Total Steady State I No. of No. of Total Steady State
Subbasin_ Facilities Animals Live Weight* Facilities Animals Live Weight*
03-01-51 2 25,350 3,583,050 0 0 0
03-01-53 8 15,241 2,196,085 1 1 120 96,000
NOTE: There are no registered poultry operations located within these subbasins.
*Steady State Live Weight (SSLW) is the result, in pounds, after a conversion factor has been applied to the number (head
count)of swine, cattle, or poultry on a farm. The conversion factors, which come from the Natural Resource Conservation
Service (NRCS) guidelines, vary depending on the type of animals on the farm and the type of operation (for example,
there are five types of hog farms). Since the amount of waste produced varies by the size of the animal, SSLW is the best
way to compare the sizes of the farms.
Source: NC Division of Water Quality Pasquotank River Basinwide Water Quality Plan.
e. Growth Trends
Between 1980 and 1990, the population within the Pasquotank River Basin increased
16.4%. The Pasquotank River Basinwide Water Quality Plan projects percent growth between
1990 and 2020 for counties within the basin. Since river basin boundaries do not coincide with
county boundaries, these numbers are not directly applicable to the Pasquotank River Basin. They
are estimates of county -wide population changes.
Population growth trends for the basin between 1990 and 2020 indicate two counties with
growth rates in excess of 98% and one county with a growth rate of almost 50%, with a total
population increase in the basin of 44.0%. According to the Water Quality Plan, Tyrrell County is
expected to experience a 17.6% population increase between 1990 and 2020.
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C. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING COMMUNITY FACILITIES/SERVICES
1. Transportation
US Highway 64 and NC Highway 94 are the major transportation routes in Tyrrell County.
US Highway 64 is an east -west route that traverses the northern portion of the county.
NC Highway 94 runs north -south and is located in the center of the county. US Highway 64 has
four lanes in most areas to facilitate large volumes of traffic.
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) reported that, in.2004, the highest
annual average daily traffic counts (AADT) occurred along US Highway 64. The AADT increased
significantly between 2000 and 2004 in some areas of the County and Columbia. A location on US
Highway 64 about midway between Columbia and the Alligator River experienced a 54% increase
and a location on US Highway 64 just west of the Alligator River saw a 58% increase. In Columbia,
there was a 69% increase in the AADT at a location on US Highway 64 just east of its intersection
with Kohloss Street and an 84% increase at a point on Kohloss Street just south of its intersection
with US Highway 64.
Tyrrell County is located in NCDOT's Division 1. According to the NCDOT Division 1 2007-2013
Transportation Improvement Program (TIP), there are two road projects that are scheduled for
development. The TIP also lists two bridge replacements in the County. These improvements will
be discussed in detail in the Future Demands section of this plan. Map 11(see Appendix II) depicts
the NCDOT road projects and bridge replacements that have been identified on the TIP map.
2. Health Care
Chowan Hospital, located in Edenton, was incorporated in 1947 and offers a wide range of services
and healthcare specialties to residents of Chowan and surrounding counties. The hospital has 71
acute -care and 40 skilled -care beds. The hospital provides intensive care service, a surgical center,
an emergency department, a specialty care clinic, and a dedicated outpatient surgery area with
endoscopy capabilities. Chowan Hospital is affiliated with the University Health Systems of Eastern
North Carolina. This partnership provides access to state-of-the-art services offered by atop -notch
academic medical center. Following are some of the services provided at the facility.
• Maternity Care
• Home Care
Radiology, including CT nuclear screening, ultrasound, mammography, mobile MRI,
and bone density screening
• Telemedicine, providing consultation with specialists at other locations
• Rehabilitation, inpatient and outpatient
• Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation
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• Wellness screenings and education
• Skilled nursing unit
Source: Chowan Hospital
Washington County Hospital, located in Plymouth, is a 49-bed )CAHO-accredited critical access
facility. The hospital offers a full range of inpatient and outpatient services, a 24-hour emergency
department, hospital based and operated ambulance department, family practice, laboratory,
radiology department, pharmacy, cardiopulmonary services, complete surgery facilities,
telemedicine, and physical therapy. Emergency medical services are also provided to Tyrrell
County residents at both the Dare County Hospital and the Pitt County Memorial Hospital, located
in Greenville.
The Martin -Tyrrell -Washington (MTW) District Health Department provides health and wellness
services to Tyrrell County residents, as well as the region overall. The MTW District Health
Department operates three state -funded rural health centers, including the Columbia Medical
Center located at 208 South Broad Street in Columbia. The MTW Health Department provides the
following services: Adult Health, Breast and Cervical Cancer Screen (BCCCP), Chidren's Clinical
Services, Family Planning, Immunizations, Maternity Care, Primary Care, STD Clinic, and Women -
Infants -Children (WIC). The department also maintains a dental clinic and a Home Care and
Hospice Center in Plymouth.
3. Law Enforcement
Law enforcement is provided to the County and the Town of Columbia by the Tyrrell County
Sheriff's Office. The department is located on Main Street in Columbia adjacent to the County
Courthouse. The department consists of a Sheriff, eight deputies, a school resource officer, and
utilizes ten patrol cars. There is also one active auxiliary deputy. The department has mutual aid
agreements with Dare, Hyde, and Washington Counties.
4. Fire Services
There are six fire stations in Tyrrell County — one on North Road Street Ext in Columbia, and the
Gum Neck, Kilkenny, Frying Pan, Alligator, and Albemarle Church Road substations. The station
in Columbia is jointly operated and funded by the Town of Columbia and Tyrrell County. The other
stations are county stations, but all six stations rely heavily upon contributions from the community
for financial support. There are approximately 65 active firefighters in the county.
The main station in Columbia is a new 10,000-square foot facility. The station houses one 1,250
gallon per minute pumper truck, one 1,000-gallon per minute pumper truck, one equipment truck,
one brush truck, one crash truck, one 1,500-gallon tanker truck, and one 300-gallon tanker truck
that also serves to carry some rescue equipment. The Town of Columbia has approximately 75
fire hydrants located about 300 feet apart. The Tyrrell County Rescue Squad also occupies this
building.
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5. Emergency Medical Services
Tyrrell County has two rescue squad stations, both of which are housed with a fire station. One
rescue squad is located at the new Fire/EMS station in Columbia. This unit consists of two
ambulances and a tanker truck that it shares with the fire department. This truck carries rescue
equipment, but is not a crash rescue truck. The second rescue squad unit consists of a single
ambulance that is housed at the Gum Neck fire station. The nearest hospitals are located.
approximately 30 miles west of Columbia in Plymouth and Edenton.
The rescue squad has approximately 32 volunteer emergency medical technicians (EMTs), and two
paid EMTs who work during the daytime Monday through Friday. The rescue squad has an
intermediate level certification. The rescue squad normally responds to 300 to 350 calls per year
county -wide.
6. Administration
Tyrrell County is governed by a Board of Commissioners -Manager form of government. The Tyrrell
County Administrative office is located at 108 South Water Street in Columbia. There are 13
departments which include: Office of the County Manager, Finance, Board of Elections, Tax,
Register of Deeds, Sheriff, Emergency Management, Veterans Service, GIS Mapping, Cooperative
Extension, Social Services, Juvenile Justice & Delinquency Program, and Soil Conservation. The
county employs 55 full-time and 6 part-time positions.
The Town of Columbia was incorporated in 1793 and is governed by a Board of Aldermen -Manager
form of government. There are two departments: Administration and Public Works. The Town
employs six full-time positions. Tyrrell County does not currently provide mental health or library
services. Mental health services are provided by Albemarle Mental Health and the Martin, Tyrrell,
Washington District Health Department. Regional library facilities are provided by the Pettigrew
Regional Library. Tyrrell County makes a substantial financial contribution to both the mental
health and library facilities.
7. Water System
At the time of this writing, the 2002 Tyrrell County Water Supply Plan was under review by the
state. The draft plan reported that there were 1,485 residential, 12 commercial, and one
institutional metered water service connections. The County brought a new Reverse Osmosis plant
online in August 2002 and operates one other water treatment plant and three wells.
According to the 2002 Town of Columbia Water Supply Plan, there were 462 residential,
commercial, industrial, and institutional metered water service connections. The Town also
supplies water to the County. The Town operates two wells and one water treatment plant.
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North Carolina General Statute [GS 143-355(L)] requires all units of local government that provide
or plan to provide public water supply service to prepare a -Local Water Supply Plan and to update
that plan at least every five years. A local water supply plan is an assessment of a water system's
current and future water needs and its ability to meet those needs. The following tables provide
summaries of the water use information from the Tyrrell County (under review) and the Town of
Columbia 2002 Water Supply Plans.
Table 33. Tyrrell County
Water System Average Daily Water Use by Month (MGD)
Average Daily
Average Daily
Average Daily
Month
Usage
Month
Usage
Month
. Usage
January
0.310
May
0.330
September
0.341
February
0.310
June
0.330
October
0.349
March
0.320
July
0.310
November
0.337
April
0.320
August
0.392
December
0.348
Source: DRAFT Tyrrell County 2002 Water Supply Plan.
Table 34. Tyrrell County
Water System Average Annual Daily Water Use by Type
Type of Use
Average Use (MGD)
Residential
0.169
Commercial
0.015
Industrial
0.000
Institutional
0.032
Sales to Other Systems
0.000
System Process Water
0.028
Subtotal
0.244
Average Annual Daily Water Use
0.333
Unaccounted for Water
0.089
Source: DRAFT Tyrrell County 2002 Water Supply Plan.
Table 35. Town of Columbia
Water System Average Daily Water Use by Month (MGD)
Average Daily
Average Daily
Average Daily
Month
Usage
Month
Usage
Month .
Usage
January
0.207
May
0.142
September
0.194
February
0.164
June
0.214
October
0.180
March
0.140
July
0.248
November
0.148
April
0.146
August
0.223
December
.0.133
Source: Town of Columbia 2002 Water Supply Plan.
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Table 36. Town of Columbia
Water System Average Annual Daily Water Use by Type
Type of Use
Average Use (MGD)
Residential
0.090
Commercial
0.005
Industrial
0.057
Institutional
0.005
Sales to Other Systems
0.004
System Process Water
0.002
Subtotal
0.163
Average Annual Daily Water Use
0.178
Unaccounted for Water
0.015
Source: Town. of Columbia 2002 Water Supply Plan.
There are an estimated 140 miles of distribution lines within the County and six miles of distribution
lines within the Town of Columbia. Ninety-nine percent (99%) of the County's distribution lines
are 2-10 inch PVC and 1% of the lines are 6-8 inch Ductile Iron. Ninety-eight percent (98%) of
the Town's lines are 3-12 inch Asbestos Cement lines, 1.5% of the lines are 6-8 inch PVC, and
0.5% of the lines are 6-8 inch Ductile Iron. None of the County's distribution lines were replaced
in 2002; however, 1,500 linear feet of distribution lines were replaced in Columbia. The County
replaced 100 meters and the Town replaced 20 meters in 2002.
8. Sewer System
Tyrrell County does not provide sewer service at the present time. The DRAFT 2002 Tyrrell County
Water Supply Plan reports that there are two NPDES permits with the receiving waters being an
unnamed tributary of Riders Creek and Bull Bay. The following table provides the average daily
wastewater discharge by month for the County.
Table 37. Tyrrell County
Wastewater System Average Daily Discharge by Month (MGD)
Month
Average Daily
Month
Average Daily
Month
Average Daily
Usage
Usage
Usage
January
0.021
May.
0.021
September
0.800
February
0.021
June
0.021
October
0.833
March
0.021
July
0.021
November
0.744
April
0.021
August
0.624
December
0.738
Source: DRAFT Tyrrell County 2002 Water Supply Plan.
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The 2002 Town of Columbia Water Supply Plan reports that there were 465 sewer service
connections. There were two NPDES permits held by the system with Scuppernong River receiving
the discharge from both. The following table provides the average daily wastewater discharge by
month for the Town.
Table 38. Town of Columbia
Wastewater System Average Daily Discharge by Month (MGD)
Month
Average Daily
Month
Average Daily
Month
Average Daily
Usage
Usage
Usage
January,
0.228
May
0.156
September
0.321
February
0.258
June
0.228
October
0.254
March
0.214
July
0.273
November
0.255
April
0.211
August
0.298
December
0.239
Source: Town of Columbia 2002 Water Supply Plan.
9. Schools
There are three schools in the Tyrrell County public school system: Tyrrell Elementary School,
Columbia Middle School, and Columbia High School. As of the date of this writing, the total
enrollment for the 2004-2005 school year was 647. According to information provided by the
Assistant Superintendent of the Tyrrell County Schools, the school system has seen a gradual
decline in the Average Daily Membership (ADM) since 1966. The ADM in 1966 was 1,156 and
currently the ADM is 663. The 447 student decrease is believed,to primarily be a result of the lack
of employment opportunities for families with children. The following table provides a summary
of the schools that serve the county's school age children.
Table 39. Tyrrell County
Public Schools
Staff-
Staff -
School
Enrollment
Certified
Classified
Capacity
Recreational Facilities
Tyrrell Elementary
290
27
21
402
softball field, track, gymnasium,
outside basketball goals,
2 playgrounds with equipment
Columbia Middle
159
16
5
244
baseball field, outside basketball
goals, 4-square court, football field,
gymnasium, softball field, weight
room, practice field
Columbia High
198
32
22
405.
Above facilities are shared between
the middle and high school
Source: Tyrrrell County Schools.
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10. Recreation
Tyrrell County has a recreation committee that oversees a summer baseball and softball league.
The league is open to youth ages 4 to 18 and uses the Columbia High School ballfields when they
are not being used by the school. The Town of Columbia has two parks: Children's Park and Kiddie
Park. Children's Park, located on the corner of Fonsoe and Scuppernong, has a tennis court, a
picnic shelter, a play unit for preschoolers, a play unit for youth ages 6-12, and a 1/2-basketball
court. The Kiddie Park is located on Luddington Drive and provides swings and slides. The
Scuppernong River Boardwalk is an additional recreational facility.
11. Stormwater Management
a. Introduction
Precipitation that occurs as a result of a rainfall or snow melt event that does not permeate
into the soil, is not consumed by plants, or is evaporated into the air becomes stormwater.
Pollutants such as oil and grease, sediment, bacteria, and other toxic substances are added to this
water as it runs across impervious surfaces and thereby polluting our surface waters. In addition,
as the volume of stormwater increases, more flooding and erosion may occur.
b. Existing Drainage Problems
Tyrrell County is drained by the Alligator and Scuppernong Rivers and their tributaries. The
elevations within the County are fairly low and, as a result, the County is prone to flooding where
elevations are low. As mentioned in the Natural Systems Analysis section, 86% of the County is
within a flood hazard area and 100% of the Town of Columbia is within a flood hazard area. As
development continues, so will the construction of impervious and semi -permeable surfaces and
the potential for surficial water contamination.
C. Water Quality
There are two subbasins in Tyrrell County, both of which are located in the Pasquotank
River Basin. Those subbasins are 03-01-51 and 03-01-53. One hundred percent (100%) of waters
evaluated for aquatic life and secondary recreation, in both subbasins, were supporting. Waters
evaluated for primary recreation, in both subbasins, were also found to be supporting. Ninety-six
percent (96%) of waters in subbasin 03-01-51 were supporting for shellfish harvesting. All waters
are impaired for fish consumption.
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d. EPA Regulations
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has begun implementation of Phase II of the
Stormwater Management Plan. These policies apply to municipalities with populations greater than
10,000 and with densities of 1,000 per square mile. For municipalities that meet these parameters,
submittal of a stormwater management plan is required. Phase II regulations also apply to entities
designated under the 1990 census as a Small MS4 (Small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System).
MS4s are defined as a publicly -owned conveyance or system of conveyances designed or used for
collecting and conveying stormwater. MS4s can include counties; towns, airports, federal
properties, hospitals, schools, etc. Small community MS4s are regulated if they discharge into
impaired or sensitive US waters. At this time, Tyrrell County is.not required.to meet the EPA Phase
II Stormwater Management Program regulations.
Tyrrell County may be required to submit a stormwater management permit application
under Phase III of the NPDES program. At this time, it is unclear when this -will be implemented.
When the Pasquotank River Basinwide Management Plan is updated, it may be possible that the
update will involve stormwater management requirements for Tyrrell County.
e. Coastal Stormwater Rules
Until recently NCDENR required that projects with land disturbance in excess of one acre
secure a stormwater management permit. These permits require retainage and treatment of runoff
generated by the proposed project. This permit must be in hand prior to the issuance of local
building permits.
. In 2008, the NC Legislature adopted revised regulations that apply to all of the twenty
coastal CAMA-regulated counties. These rules are intended to increase stormwater management
standards throughout coastal areas, and in particular those sites within close proximity to
shellfishing (SA) waters.
The following summary defines what properties/projects within Tyrrell County/Town of
Columbia's planning jurisdiction will be subject to stormwater permitting under the newly adopted
coastal stormwater rules.
Properties located within 1/2 mile and draining to shellfishing (SA) waters:
Non -Residential Development will require a stormwater permit if:
The project requires a CAMA Major Permit
The project requires a Sedimentation & Erosion Control Permit (disturbs one acre or
greater)
The project adds more than 10,000 square feet of built upon area (BUA)
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Residential Development will require a stormwater permit if:
The project requires a CAMA Major Permit
The project requires a Sedimentation & Erosion Control Permit (disturbs one acre or
greater)
The project disturbs less than one acre but meets the following criteria:
• Project adds more than 10,000 square feet of BUA; and
• Results in an overall site coverage over 12%.
Properties not located within 1/2 mile of defined SA waters:
Non -Residential Development will require a stormwater permit if:
The project requires a CAMA Major Permit
The project requires a Sedimentation & Erosion Control Permit (disturbs one acre or
greater)
The project adds more,than 10,000 square feet of built upon area (BUA)
Residential Development will require a stormwater permit if:
The project requires a CAMA Major Permit
The project requires a Sedimentation & Erosion Control Permit (disturbs one acre or
greater)
Additionally, the summary above outlines what projects are subject to the new coastal
stormwater requirements. The permitting requirements forthe various development types outlined
above vary. In general, properties requiring a stormwater permit through NCDENR must meet the
following performance standard with respect to stormwater retainage and treatment: retain onsite
the first 1.5 inches of rainfall or the runoff generated by the 1 year 24 hour storm whichever is
greater. The proposed system must also treat this runoff for 85% of all total suspended solids
(TSS).
The county does not need to adopt any local ordinance requirements in order to establish
compliance with current state regulations. All current regulations are triggered by disturbance area
on a project -by -project basis. The county is currently requiring this through the project review
process, and will continue to do so.
f. North Carolina Shoreline Buffering
In August of 2000, the State of North Carolina developed a thirty (30) foot buffering rule
for all new development in the twenty coastal counties governed by the Coastal Area Management
Act (CAMA). This rule applies to all navigable waters, excluding the ocean, which has previously
established setback requirements. The development of this buffer does not restrict the
construction of water dependent structures, such as docks and boat ramps. The benefits of the
buffering include the following:
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(i) Flood Control — by reducing the velocity and providing a collection , area for
stormwater runoff and precipitation. Buffers encourage water infiltration into the
ground, rather than flooding low-lying areas.
(ii) Groundwater Recharge — buffers are also beneficial to recharging the ground water
supply and promoting ground water flow.
(iii) Soil Erosion Prevention — vegetated buffers stabilize the soil and reduce
sedimentation.
(iv) Conservation of Coastal Riparian Wildlife Habitats — these natural areas provide
breeding, nesting, and habitat, and protect wildlife from predication. Vegetated
buffers help increase the diversity of wildlife while providing site for foraging and
corridors for dispersal.
D. CURRENT LAND USE PLANS AND POLICIES
Tyrrell County operates under the authority of a Board of Commissioners -Manager form of
government. There are five county commissioners. The Town of Columbia operates under a Board
of Aldermen -Manager form of government. The Town has a mayor and five aldermen. The
following provides a summary of the land use -related instruments for the County and the Town.
1. Zoning
Tyrrell County does not have a Zoning Ordinance; however, the Town of Columbia enforces a
Zoning Ordinance. The purpose of the Town of Columbia Zoning Ordinance is to "promote the
health, safety, morals, and general welfare" of the Town and its extraterritorial jurisdiction. The
intent of the ordinance is to accomplish the following:
• Secure safety from fire, flooding, panic, and other dangers;
• Provide adequate light, air, sanitation, and drainage;
• Further appropriate use of land, and conservation of natural resources;
• Obtain the wise use, conservation, development, and protection of the Town's
water, soil, woodland; and wildlife resources and attain a balance between land
uses and the ability of the natural resource base to support and sustain such uses;
• Prevent overcrowding and avoid undue population concentration and urban sprawl;
• Stabilize and protect the natural beauty and property values;
• Lessen congestion in and promote the safety and efficiency of the streets and
highways;
• Facilitate the adequate provision of public facilities and utilities; and
• Preserve natural growth and cover and promote the natural beauty of the
community.
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To accomplish this, the ordinance provides information on the procedures and/or regulations for
amendments, variances, interpretations, zoning and special use permits, enforcement, signs, group
developments, and parking. The ordinance also establishes the official Zoning Map of the Town
of Columbia with zoning districts for the Town. Specific requirements are set forth for permitted
uses in each district as well as the minimum lot sizes, yard setbacks, and building heights.
Map 12 (see Appendix II) delineates zoning within the Town. The largest zoning district within
Columbia is the A-1 district. This district accounts for almost 80% of the Town's jurisdiction.
Almost 18% of the Town's land is zoned for residential purposes and almost 2% is zoned for
commercial purposes. The following table provides the acreage figures of all zoning districts within
Columbia.
Table 40. Columbia Planning Jurisdiction
Zoning
Districts
Acres
% of Total
A-1
2,495.19
81.7%
R-7
236.65
7.7%
R-7 (PUD)
92.44
3.0%
MF
60.14
2.0%
MFM
0.00
0.0% _
B-1
10.36
0.3%
B-2
142.15
4.7%
I-1
0.00
0.0%
0S
17.64
0.6%
Total
3,054.57
100.0%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. and the Town of Columbia.
2. Subdivision Ordinance
Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia both enforce Subdivision Ordinances. The Ordinances
provide guidance for the submittal and review of major and minor subdivision development
proposals and outlines procedures for variance and amendment requests. Subdivision design
standards are established for lots, access, .easements, streets, and utilities.
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3. Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance
Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia participate in the National Flood Insurance Program
(NFIP) and comply with all related regulatory requirements. Both the County and the Town have
Flood Damage Prevention Ordinances and they are enforced through the building permit issuance
processes. The purpose of the ordinances is to promote the public health, safety, and general
welfare and to minimize public and private losses due to flood conditions in specific areas. This
is accomplished by utilizing specific standards for flood hazard reductions and the following
provisions:
• Restrict or prohibit uses that are dangerous to health, safety, and property due to
water or erosion hazards, or which result in damaging increases in erosion or in
flood heights or velocities;
• Require that uses vulnerable to floods, including facilities which serve such uses, be
protected against flood damage at the time of initial construction;
• Control the alteration of natural floodplains, stream channels, and natural protective
barriers, which are involved in the accommodation of flood waters;
• Control filling, grading, dredging, and other development which may increase
erosion or flood damage; and
• Prevent or regulate the construction of flood barriers which will unnaturally divert
flood waters or which may increase flood hazards to other lands.
4. Hazard Mitigation Plan
The Tyrrell County Multi -Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan was adopted by the Tyrrell County
Board of Commissioners on November 2, 2004, and by the Town of Columbia Board of Aldermen
on November 1, 2004. It was approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
on February 18, 2005. The plan was developed in response to federal and state legislation. The
Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA2K), the federal legislation, and Senate Bill 300, the state
legislation, requires that all local governments have a FEMA approved Hazard Mitigation Plan in
place in order to receive Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) funding or Public Assistance (PA)
funding following a natural disaster. The plan identifies those hazards to which the county and the
Town are most susceptible, analyzes the vulnerability of the county and the Town to those hazards,
and analyzes their ability to respond to those hazards. The primary output of the plan _ is the
Mitigation Strategies that assist with the prevention of loss due to natural hazards.
5. Review of the 1996 Tyrrell County CAMA Land Use Plan
The Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia 1996 Land Use Plan Update was adopted by the Tyrrell
County Board of Commissioners and the Town of Columbia Board of Aldermen on January 12,
1998, and certified by the Coastal Resources Commission on January 23, 1998. The plan included
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79 policies/implementing actions and a detailed summary of storm hazard mitigation procedures,
post -disaster recovery operations, and evacuation plans. Of the 79 policies/implementing actions,
67 have either been accomplished, are in progress, or are ongoing. There are 12 policies/
implementing actions for the 1996 plan which have not been carried out. All policies/implementing
actions from the 1996 plan are listed below according to their status of completion. This list is a
verbatim reproduction of the text from the 1996 plan; there may be duplications. Some statements
may be inconsistent with current circumstances and requirements. However, they were not
changed in order to accurately reflect the contents of the 1996 plan. Actions that have not been
completed will be revised, if needed, and addressed in the policy action sections of this plan.
ACCOMPLISHED
1. Tyrrell County will enforce, during the development process, all current regulations of the
N.C. State Building Code and North Carolina Division of Health Services relating to building
construction and septic tank installation/replacement in areas with soils restrictions.
2. Tyrrell County will coordinate all development activity with appropriate county and state
regulatory personnel, and in particular with the Tyrrell County Building Inspector and
Sanitarian.
3. Tyrrell County will cooperate with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in the
regulation/enforcement of the 404 wetlands permit process.
4. Tyrrell County opposes any 404 wetlands mitigation projects within Tyrrell County
undertaken to replace 404 wetland areas outside Tyrrell County. However, the county shall
support the acquisition of property within the Great Dismal Swamp in order to meet
wetland mitigation goals of areas inside or outside Tyrrell County.
5. Tyrrell County will continue to coordinate all development within the special flood hazard
area with the Tyrrell County Inspections Officer, North Carolina Division of Coastal
Management, FEMA, and the U.S. Corps of Engineers.
6. It is the policy of Tyrrell County to conserve its surficial groundwater resources by
supporting CAMA and N.C. Division of Water Quality stormwater run-off regulations, and
by coordinating local development activities involving chemical storage or underground
storage tank installation/abandonment with Tyrrell County Emergency Management
personnel and the Groundwater Section of the North Carolina Division of Water Quality.
7. Tyrrell County will encourage and support water conservation efforts.
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NOTE: This list is a verbatim reproduction of the text from the 1996 plan.
8. Tyrrell County will rely on the technical requirements and state program approval for
underground storage tanks (40 CFR, Parts 280 and 281), and any subsequent state
regulations concerning underground storage tanks adopted during the planning period.
9. Expansions of Aviation Military Restricted Areas or Military Operations Areas in eastern
North Carolina must be consistent with civil aviation regulations, must comply with other
applicable state and federal regulations, and must be supported by environmental impact
statements addressing the cumulative impact of such airspace uses.
10. Tyrrell County supports the following aircraft operations standards which were adopted by
the Coastal Resources Commission on December 1, 1989, and were effective March 1,
1990:
a. Minimum Altitudes: No development involving airspace activity shall be allowed in
any AEC which would result in violation of minimum altitude standards adopted by
the Federal Aviation Administration and codified at 14 CFR Part 91.79. Future
amendments by the Federal Aviation Administration shall be deemed to be
incorporated into this rule pursuant to G.S. 1506-14(c) unless the Commission
objects within ninety (90) days of publication of the action in the Federal Register.
Upon objection by the Commission to a change, the Commission shall initiate rule
making proceedings on incorporation of the amendment into this rule. The
amendment will not be incorporated into this rule pending a rule -making hearing
and final action by the Commission on the proposed amendment.
b. Noise Pollution: Except as required for safe aircraft takeoff and landing operations,
airspace activity associated with coastal development shall not impose an increase
in average noise exceeding 10 dBA above background levels. Noise measurements
shall be normalized DNL as set forth by the Environmental Protection Agency in its
report 550/9-74-004 entitled Information on Levels of Environmental Noise
Requisite to Protect the Public Health and Welfare with an Adequate Margin of
Safety. The maximum noise level associated with any single event shall not exceed
85 dBA. These limits shall not apply where noise impacts are confined to surface
areas owned or controlled by the project's proponent. Any noise monitoring
required to ensure compliance with this rule shall be the responsibility of the
proponent.
C. Policies on Use of Coastal Airspace:
-- Declaration of General Policy. It is hereby declared with the use of aircraft by
state, federal, and local government agencies for purposes of managing and
protecting coastal resources, detecting violations of environmental laws and
regulations, and performing other functions related to the public health, safety and
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NOTE: This list is a verbatim reproduction of the text from the 1996 plan.
welfare serves a vital public interest. The Commission further finds that future
economic development in the coastal area and orderly management of such
development requires air access to and among coastal communities.
-- Policy Statements
(1) It is the policy of the State of North Carolina that access corridors free of
special use airspace designations shall be preserved along the length of the barrier
islands and laterally at intervals not to exceed 25 miles to provide unobstructed.
access both along the coastline and from inland areas to the coast. Such access
corridors shall extend from the surface to an altitude of 6,000 feet above sea level
except where communication and radar services allow positive aircraft control at
lower altitudes.
(2) Development of aviation -related projects and associated airspace management
practices shall, to the maximum extent practicable, facilitate use of aircraft by local,
state, and federal government agencies for purposes of resource management, law
enforcement, and other activities related to the public health, safety, and welfare.
In any case, access to restricted areas shall be provided on a periodic basis for
routine enforcement flights, and access shall be provided on an emergency basis
when required to respond to an immediate threat to public health and safety.
d. Policies on Water and Wetland Based Target Areas for Military Training Activities
-- Declaration of General Policy. The use of water and wetland based target areas
for military training purposes may result in adverse impacts on coastal resources
and on the exercise of public trust rights. The public interest requires that, to the
maximum extent practicable, use of such targets not infringe on public trust rights,
cause damage to public trust resources, violate existing water quality standards, or
result in public safety hazards.
-- Policy Statements
(1) It is the policy of the State of North Carolina that all public trust waters subject
to surface water restrictions pursuant to 33 USCS 3 for use in military training shall
be opened to commercial fishing at established times appropriate for harvest of the
fisheries resources within those areas.
(2) Where laser weaponry is used, the area of restricted surface waters shall be at
least as large as the recommended laser safety zone.
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NOTE: This list is a verbatim reproduction of the text from the 1996 plan.
(3) Water quality shall be tested periodically in the surface water restricted areas
surrounding such targets and results of such testing shall be reported to the
department.
11. Tyrrell County opposes the disposal of any toxic wastes, as defined by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's Listing of Hazardous Substances and Priority Pollutants
(developed pursuant to the Clean Water Act of 1977) within its planning jurisdiction.
12. Tyrrell County supports control of forestry runoff through implementation of "Forestry Best
Management Practices" as provided by the North Carolina Division of Forest Resources.
13. Tyrrell County will continue to utilize the current system of the existing Subdivision
Ordinance along with federal and state permit and review processes; i.e., 404 and. CAMA.
14. Tyrrell County shall coordinate all housing code enforcement/redevelopment projects with
the N.C. Division of Archives and History, to attempt to ensure that any significant
architectural details or buildings are identified and preserved.
15. Tyrrell County will coordinate all county public works projects with the N.C. Division of
Archives and History, to ensure the identification and preservation of significant
archaeological sites.
16. Industrial development which can comply with the use standards specified by 15A NCAC
7H and applicable ORW management plans may be located within conservation classified
areas. Tyrrell County aggressively encourages the development of industry. The
development of a diversified economic base and jobs are crucial to a stable future for
Tyrrell County. The county does not want any policies contained within this plan to prohibit
industrial development which meets all applicable state and federal regulations. Tyrrell
County objects to enforcement of the 404 wetlands permitting process by the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers preventing any industrial development. However, the county recognizes
that this position may have no effect on Corps' action because local policies/legislation
cannot supersede more restrictive federal legislation.
17. The county will not oppose the construction of state -approved package treatment plants
in areas not provided with central sewer service. The county supports effective monitoring
by the state of the operation of package treatment plants. This policy shall not prohibit the
discharge of treated waste into wetlands..
18. If any package plants are approved by the state, Tyrrell County supports the requirement
of a specific contingency plan specifying how ongoing private operation and maintenance
of the plant will be provided, and detailing provisions for assumption of the plant into a
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NOTE: This list is a verbatim reproduction of the text from the 1996 plan.
public system should the private operation fail. Operational plans should also address
elimination of package treatment plants when the system owner elects to connect to a
central sewer system.
19. Tyrrell County considers boating activities an extremely important part of its tourist industry
and overall economy. Subject to the policies stated herein, the county does not oppose the
construction of marinas, including upland marinas, which comply with 15A NCAC 7H.
20. Tyrrell County opposes the location of floating structures in all marinas, primary nursery
areas, outstanding resource waters, public trust areas, and estuarine waters. Floating
structures are defined as any structure or vessel used, designed, and occupied as a
permanent dwelling unit, business, office, or source of any occupation or any private or
social club, which floating structure or vessel is primarily immobile and out of navigation
or which functions substantially as a land structure while moored or docked on waters
within county jurisdiction. Floating structures shall not be used commercially or inhabited
in one place for more than a period of time specified by local ordinance.
21. Tyrrell County's policy for marina construction in ORW waters or ORW estuarine shoreline
shall be consistent with the state's management strategies of ORW designated regulations.
22. Tyrrell County will allow construction of drystack storage facilities for boats associated
either with or independent of marinas.
23. Tyrrell County does not oppose development of sound and estuarine islands if the
development satisfies the 15A NCAC 7H use standards and applicable ORW management
plans.
24. Tyrrell County does not oppose bulkhead construction in any areas of the county as long
as they fulfill the use standards set forth in 15A NCAC 7H.
25. Tyrrell County supports addressing the following issues in the development of the
Pasquotank Basinwide Management Plan:
Long-term Growth Management
-- Wastewater management (non -discharge and regionalization).
-- Urban stormwater runoff/water quality.
-- Role of local land use planning.
Animal Operation Waste Management
-- Between 1990-1991, swine population has more than doubled.
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NOTE: This list is a verbatim reproduction of the text from the 1996 plan.
Nutrients/Toxic Dinoflagellate
-- Reduction in nitrogen and phosphorous levels.
26. Tyrrell County supports the designation of the Alligator River south of the U.S. 64 bridge
as an ORW area.
27. Subject to available funds, Tyrrell County supports the development of recreational facilities
including shoreline access sites.
28. Tyrrell County supports and encourages use of the U.S. Natural Resources Conservation
Service "Best Management Practices" program. This includes agricultural practices 'which
limit the runoff of sediment.
29. Because of the soil types and topography, the county recognizes that proper drainage is
essential and must be allowed to continue as needed if it does not result in irreversible
damage to environmentally sensitive areas.
30. Tyrrell County encourages all aquaculture activities which meet applicable federal, state and
local policies (see Aquaculture policies (34) and (35) and permit requirements. However,
Tyrrell County reserves the right to comment on all aquaculture activities which require
Division of Water Quality permitting.
31. Tyrrell County objects to any discharge of water from aquaculture activities that will
degrade in any way the receiving waters. Tyrrell County objects to withdrawing water from
aquifers or surface sources if such withdrawal will endanger water quality or water supply
from the aquifers or surface sources.
32. Tyrrell County will support only aquaculture activities which do not alter significantly and
negatively the natural environment of coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, public trust areas,
and 404 wetlands as shown on the Land Classification Map.
33. Tyrrell County encourages and supports forestry best management practices as defined in
the Forest Best Management Practices Manual, 1989, North Carolina Division of Forest
Resources.
34. Tyrrell County supports the use standards for estuarine waters and public trust areas as
specified in 15A NCAC 7H.0207.
35. Tyrrell County reserves the right to comment on the individual policies and requirements
of the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries including nursery and habitat areas, ORW
waters, and trawling activities in estuarine waters.
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NOTE: This list is a verbatim reproduction of the text from the 1996 plan.
36. The county does not believe that it is necessary to limit either land clearing or unnecessarily
restrict agricultural drainage. The 404 permit process is viewed as being sufficient in
limiting the amount of land cleared.
37. The county will support enforcement of septic tank placement regulations by the Health
Department and the Natural Resources Conservation Service to minimize the likelihood of
effluent from septic systems in unsuitable soils contaminating fishing waters.
38. Continue to enforce the county's subdivision regulations which require larger lot sizes for
residences in areas where soils are not well suited for septic tank placement.
39. The county will consider applying for funds through the N.C. Division of Marine Fisheries'
Reef Development Program to develop artificial reefs in selected locations along the
Albemarle Sound. The reefs should attract fish and enhance commercial and sports fishing
in Tyrrell County.
40. There are no recreational beaches in Tyrrell County; therefore, the conventional threat of
off -road vehicles is not relevant to Tyrrell County. Off -road vehicles are important in some
sections of the county because of the necessity for landowners to travel in bog or swamp
areas. As this property is private and not available to the public as public beaches are, the
use of these vehicles is acceptable in these cases.
41. The county supports the eventual mining of peat resources in Tyrrell County and believes
that enforcement of state and federal environmental regulations is sufficient to mitigate
possible adverse impacts upon environmentally sensitive areas.
42. The county will continue an active recruitment program, seeking low pollution, light
manufacturing industries. The county finance officer will coordinate this activity.
43. Tyrrell County will seek technical assistance and financial help to develop at least one
industrial park, to be located near Columbia.
44. The county believes that all industrial prospects should be given a fair, case -by -case
assessment in order to carefully compare possible economic benefits with possible negative
environmental effects.
45. The county and the Town of Columbia will provide, as much as is locationally and
economically feasible, basic support services such as water and sewer to newly locating
industries.
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NOTE: This list is a verbatim reproduction of the text from the 1996 plan.
46. Tyrrell County recognizes that rural classified areas of the county may not be provided
central water " service within the planning period. However, the county supports
development of a county -wide plan for the provision of central water service.
47. Water systems must be constructed with lines designed and sized for adequate fire
protection and sufficient water pressure. Tyrrell County should revise its Subdivision
Ordinance to ensure adequate water system design standards.
48. The county is aware that inappropriate land uses near well fields increase the possibility of
well contamination. Land uses near groundwater sources are regulated by the N.C. Division
of Water Quality through NCAC Subchapters 2L and 2C. Tyrrell County recognizes the
importance of protecting potable water supplies, and therefore supports the enforcement
of these regulations.
49. Tyrrell County supports all efforts to secure available state and federal funding for the
construction and/or expansion of public and private water systems.
50. Tyrrell County recognizes that most areas of the county will not be provided central sewer
service within the planning period. However, the county supports development of a
county -wide plan for the provision of efficient and cost effective waste water disposal.
51. Tyrrell County supports the extension of the Town of Columbia's sewer system into areas
of the county when service is requested by the citizens in those areas.
52. Tyrrell County supports the discharge of effluent into 404 wetland areas. Wetlands
"created" to aid in treating waste effluent shall be allowed.
53. Tyrrell County supports all efforts to secure available state and federal funding for the
construction and/or expansion of public and private sewer systems.
54. Tyrrell County supports a regional multi -county approach to solid waste management. The
county will support and dispose of its solid waste in the Bertie County Regional Landfill.
55. The county will cooperate with any efforts to educate people and businesses on waste
reduction and recycling. The county vigorously supports recycling by the county and other
users of the landfill and supports setting up practical collection methods and education
efforts to achieve a high degree of county -wide recycling.
56. Tyrrell County favors the siting of recycling centers within all land classifications except
those within the conservation category.
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NOTE: This list is a verbatim reproduction of the text from the 1996 plan.
57. Tyrrell County will cooperate with the NCDOT, the North Carolina Division of Water Quality,
and other state agencies in mitigating the impact of stormwater runoff on all conservation
classified areas. The county will actively support the Division of Water Quality stormwater
runoff retention permitting process through its subdivision approval process.
58. Tyrrell County supports the policy that all North Carolina Department of Transportation
projects should be designed to limit to the extent possible stormwater runoff into estuarine
waters.
59. Tyrrell County does not oppose offshore exploratory drilling for oil or gas. In the event that
oil or gas is discovered, Tyrrell County will not oppose drilling operations and onshore
support facilities for which an Environmental Impact Statement has been prepared with a
finding of no significant impact on the environment. Tyrrell County supports and requests
full disclosure of development plans, with mitigative measures that will be undertaken to
prevent adverse impacts on the environment, the infrastructure, and the social systems of
the county. The county also requests full disclosure of any adopted plans. Offshore drilling
and the development of onshore support facilities may have severe costs for the county as
well as advantages. The costs should be borne by the company(ies) with revenues from
offshore drilling and onshore support facilities.
60. The most significant redevelopment issues facing Tyrrell County through 2005 are
substandard housing and deteriorating commercial structures. During the planning period,
the county will attempt to correct its worst substandard housing conditions by:
a. supporting the development and enforcement of a Minimum Housing Code;
b. applying for Community Development Block Grant Community Revitalization funds;
c. coordinating redevelopment efforts with the Tyrrell County Building Inspection
Officer;
d. preparing a county -wide housing strategy to increase the quantity and quality of
affordable housing.
e. Reconstruction following a hurricane or other natural disaster is a concern. The
Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery, and Evacuation Plan provides
policies for responding to hurricanes and other natural disasters. Those policies
address reconstruction needs. The county will allow the reconstruction of any
structures demolished by natural disaster when the reconstruction complies with all
applicable local, state, and federal regulations.
f. The county will work with the Town of Columbia to encourage redevelopment of the
waterfront area by the private sector.
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NOTE: This list is a verbatim reproduction of the text from the 1996 plan.
61. Tyrrell County will review and update its Subdivision Ordinance. This will be done to make
the ordinance more responsive to current county needs and conditions. Funding assistance
for revision of the ordinance will be requested from the North Carolina Division of
Community Assistance.
62. Tyrrell County supports the state's shoreline access policies as set forth in NCAC Chapter
15, Subchapter 7M. The county will conform to CAMA and other state and federal
environmental regulations affecting the development of estuarine access areas.
63. Industrial development is extremely important to the continued economic growth and
stability of Tyrrell County. The county's heavy reliance on employment in the service and
retail trade sector should be balanced by the development of a stronger base of
industrial/manufacturing employment. However, the county desires to achieve responsible
industrial development which will not adversely affect the natural environment .or the
quality of established residential areas. The following industrial development policies will
be applied:
a. Tyrrell County encourages the development of industrial sites which are accessible
to municipal/central water and sewer services.
b. Industrial development should occur in areas classified as developed or urban
transition. Industries generating only domestic sewage are acceptable in areas
classified as rural. Tyrrell County does not oppose industries locating within rural
classified areas if they have approved applicable state permits for water supply and
sewage disposal systems. Industrial uses that are water dependent or related to
fishing or aquaculture activities will be allowed in estuarine shoreline and ORW
estuarine shoreline areas.
C. Industries which are noxious by reason of the emission of smoke, dust, glare, noise,
'and vibrations, and those which deal primarily in hazardous products such as
explosives, should not be located in Tyrrell County.
64. Proper maintenance of channels is very important in Tyrrell County because of the
substantial economic impact of commercial fisheries, boating, and sport fishing. If silt or
other deposits fill in the channels, this could impede efficient docking of the commercial
fishing and transport vessels. Tyrrell County will provide assistance to the U.S. Corps of
Engineers and state officials by either helping to obtain or providing spoil sites.
65. Tyrrell County considers the interstate waterway to be a valuable economic asset. The
county will provide assistance in maintaining the waterway by helping to obtain or providing
dredge spoil sites and, when possible, providing easements across county -owned property
for work.
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NOTE: This list is a verbatim reproduction of the text from the 1996 plan.
66. Tourism is extremely important to Tyrrell County and will be supported by the county.
Tyrrell County will implement the following policies to further the development of tourism:
a. Tyrrell County will support North Carolina Department of Transportation projects to
improve access to and within Tyrrell County.
b. Tyrrell County will support projects that will increase public access to shoreline
areas.
C. Tyrrell County will continue to support the activities of the North Carolina Division
of Travel and Tourism; specifically, the monitoring of tourism -related industry,
efforts to promote tourism -related commercial activity, and efforts to enhance and
provide shoreline resources.
d. Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia should continue to implement the
waterfront redevelopment plan.
e. Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia should update its brochure promoting
elements of the waterfront redevelopment plan and the creation of the Pocosin
Lakes National Wildlife Refuge when they are realized. These brochures could be
placed in travel information centers in neighboring counties as well as in the state's
welcome centers.
67. Tyrrell County supports the following priorities for transportation improvements:
Route
Location and Description
U.S. 64
N.C. 45 near Plymouth to a point west of Columbia. Widen
roadway to a multi -lane facility, some new location.
U.S. 64
From a point west of Columbia to a point east of the Alligator
River.
S.R. 1122
Bee Tree Canal -- replace bridge number 88 with a bridge high
enough to allow boat passage.
County wide
Regional bicycle map/brochure and route signing on state
roads.
68. Tyrrell County does not oppose the installation of package treatment plants and septic
tanks or discharge of waste in any areas classified as coastal wetlands, or 404 wetlands.
69. Tyrrell County will continue to enforce its flood damage prevention ordinance and follow
the storm hazard mitigation plan contained herein.
70. The Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia water systems are independently owned and
operated. However, the town supplies water to the county water system. Land uses near
groundwater sources are regulated by the North Carolina Division of Water Quality through
N.C.A.C. Subchapters 2L and 2C. Tyrrell County recognizes the importance of protecting
potable water supplies and therefore supports the enforcement of these regulations.
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NOTE: This list is a verbatim reproduction of the text from the 1996 plan.
71. Tyrrell County opposes the expansion of any restricted airspace in Tyrrell County. Tyrrell
County does not favor the continued existence or expansion of the existing airspace
restriction imposed by the presence of U.S.A.F. bombing ranges in the Albemarle Sound
area near the county.
72. Tyrrell County recognizes the value of water quality maintenance to the protection of fragile
areas and to the provision of clean water for recreational purposes. The county will support
existing state regulations relating to stormwater runoff resulting from development
(Stormwater Disposal Policy 15A NCAC 2H.001-.1003).
73. Tyrrell County supports control of agricultural runoff through implementation of U.S.
Natural Resources Conservation Service "Best Management Practices" program, and/or
North Carolina State "Best Management Practices."
74. Tyrrell County is concerned with the potential for the development of mooring fields. The
county opposes the development of mooring fields and will pursue the development of an
ordinance to regulate the establishment of mooring fields.
75. Residential, commercial, and industrial development which meets 15A NCAC 7H use
standards and applicable ORW management plans, will be allowed in estuarine shoreline,
estuarine water, and public trust areas. In all other areas, development will be allowed that
is consistent with applicable local, state, and federal regulations.
76. There are no electric generating plants located in or proposed for Tyrrell County. However,.
the county will review proposals for development of electric generating plants on a
case -by -case basis, judging the need for the facility by the county against all identified
possible adverse impacts.
77. Tyrrell County will apply for CAMA funding to assist in the construction of shoreline access
sites.
78. Tyrrell County is generally receptive to state and federal programs, particularly those which
provide improvements to the county. The county will continue to fully support such
programs, especially the North Carolina Department of Transportation road and bridge
improvement programs, which are very important to Tyrrell County. Examples of other
state and federal programs that are important to and supported by Tyrrell County include:
drainage planning and erosion control activities carried out by the U.S.D.A. Natural
Resources Conservation Service, which is valuable to farmers; dredging and channel
maintenance by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; federal and state projects which provide
efficient and safe boat access for sport fishing; and community development block grants,
low -to -moderate income housing, housing rehabilitation, housing for the elderly, and North
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NOTE: This list is a verbatim reproduction of the text from the 1996 plan.
Carolina Housing Finance Agency housing improvement programs. However, Tyrrell County
does not support expansion of military restricted airspace in eastern North Carolina, or the
expansion of state and federal lands within the county for activities which do not generate
jobs or revenues for the county.
NOT ACCOMPLISHED
1. During the planning period, Tyrrell County will consider developing a community
services/facilities plan (as a stand-alone document, not as an expansion of this. plan), which
will define existing deficiencies in police protection, fire protection, local administrative
buildings, public recreational facilities, public shoreline access, and public parks. This plan
will not address school system needs. The plan will prioritize needs and make specific.
recommendations concerning financing and budgeting the high priority needs. The county
will coordinate facility planning with the school system and the municipalities.
E. LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS
A thorough analysis of all impediments to development, as well as existing community facilities,
has been completed in the preceding sections. All of these variables factor into suitability for
development for a specific piece of property. In order to assess what effect the various man-made
and environmental constraints will have on development throughout Tyrrell County, an overlay
analysis was performed. This overlay analysis is a GIS-based process geared toward evaluating
the suitability of land for development. The procedure is very similar to the practice developed by
Ian McHarg, in which geospatial data layers are referenced to each other in an effort to determine
what portions of a land mass appear to be the most favorable sites for a specific land use.
The overall process utilized Arcview GIS software with the Spatial Analyst extension along with data
layers provided by the North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (NCGIA).
The analysis takes into consideration a number of factors, including natural systems constraints,
compatibility with existing land uses and development patterns, existing land use policies, and the
availability of community facilities. The end product of this analysis is a land suitability map that
shows underutilized land that is suited or not suited for development (see Appendix II, Maps 13A
and 1313). This map can be used as a foundation for the discussion and formation of county -wide
land use policy and should be compared to the future land use map.
Land suitability analysis involves the application of criteria to the landscape to assess.where land
is most and least suitable for development of structures and infrastructure. A computer application
is not essential for this analysis, but greatly simplifies the process. There are eight key steps to
completing the overlay analysis:
(1) Define criteria for the analysis
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(2) Define data needed
(3) Determine what GIS analysis operations should be performed
(4) Prepare the data
(5) Create a model
(6) Run the model
(7) Analyze results
(8) Refine model as needed
All of these steps have been completed and, as noted above, the end product is displayed on
Maps 13A and 13B (see Appendix II). There were no additions or adjustments to the default layer
sets and weighting factors provided by the Division of Coastal Management to the County for the
existing land suitability analysis map.
Prior to producing the map, data was compiled and each data layer in conjunction with criteria was
assigned a weight. The County was then divided into one -acre squares. Each of these one -acre
squares of land was given a score based on how that respective piece of property related to each
data layer. The score for each data layer was multiplied against that given layer's weight. The
scores for each layer were added together to determine a suitability rating for that one -acre square
of property. The suitability rating falls into four primary categories: least suitable, low suitability,
medium suitability, and high suitability.
The following table summarizes all data layers used, including the criteria and weight assigned to
each layer.
Table 41. Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia
Land Suitability Analysis Criteria
Criteria and Rating
Least
Low
Medium
High
Assigned
Layer Name
Suitable
Suitability
Suitability
Suitability
Weight
0
-2
1
+2
Coastal Wetlands
Exclusion*
Inside
--
Outside
--
Exceptional & Substantial Non-
Exclusion*
Inside
--
Outside
--
Coastal Wetlands
Estuarine Waters
Exclusion*
Inside
--
Outside
--
Protected Lands
Exclusion*
Inside
--
Outside
--
Storm Surge Areas
Weighted
--
Inside
--
Outside
2
Soils (Septic Limitations)
Weighted
--
Severe
Moderate
Slight
2
Flood Zones
Weighted
--
Inside
--
Outside
2
HQW/ORW Watersheds
Weighted
--
Inside .
--
Outside
1
Natural Heritage Areas
Weighted
--
<500'
--
>500'
1
Hazardous Substance Disposal
Weighted
--
<500'
--
>500'
1
Sites
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Table 41 (continued)
Criteria and Rating
Least Low
Medium
High
Assigned
Layer Name
Suitable Suitability
Suitability
Suitability
Weight
0 -2
1
+2
NPDES Sites
Weighted
-- <500'
--
>500'
1
Wastewater Treatment Plants
Weighted
-- <500'
--
>500'
1
Discharge Points
Weighted
-- <500'
--
>500'
1
Land Application Sites
Weighted
-- <500'
--
>500'
1
Developed Land
Weighted
-- >1 mi
.5 - 1 mi
<.5 mi
1
Roads
Weighted
-- >1 mi
.5 - 1 mi
<.5 mi
2
Water Pipes
Weighted
-- >.5 mi
.25 - .5 mi
<.25 mi
3
Sewer Pipes
Weighted
-- >.5 mi
.25 - .5 mi
<.25 mi
3
*Data layers that are slated as exclusion have a suitability of 0 or 1, meaning that if a specific one -acre piece of property
falls within one of these areas, it is automatically considered least suitable for development.
Source: NCGIA and CAMA.
Overall, land in Tyrrell County is predominantly unsuitable for development. Table 42 provides a
summary of land suitability acreage based on the results of the overlay analysis. The majority of
the land within the County determined to have a high suitability rating is located along the US
Highway 64 and NC Highway 94 corridors. A large percentage of the land cover within Tyrrell
County is comprised of wetlands and low-lying flood prone land masses. Thus, large portions of
the County are automatically considered unsuitable for development regardless of how these areas
relate to the rest of the factors in consideration. Existing developed areas have not been excluded.
Table 42. Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia
LSA Acreage
Unincorporated County
Acres % from Total
Columbia Planning Jurisdiction
Acres % from Total
Total County
Acres % from Total
Least Suitable
166,412
67%
1,304
45%
167,716
67%
Low Suitability
34,989
14%
222
8%
35,211
14%
Medium Suitability
37,138
15%
1,375
47%
38,513
15%
High Suitability
8,798
4%
3
0%
8,801
4%
TOTAL
247,337*
100%
2,904*
100%
250,241*
100%
*Does not include water areas.
Source: CAMA and Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 81

F. ANALYSIS OF LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT
1. Introduction
The Division of Coastal Management Land Use Plan Guidelines (15A NCAC 713.0207) require that
existing land uses and water uses be mapped. These maps should be used as working documents
and serve as a basis for the development of the future land use map(s). Maps 14A and. 1413,
Existing Land Use (see Appendix II), aids in showing the relationship of land use to water quality.
The Coastal Management Land Use Plan Guidelines require that this section of the plan address
the following:
• Table that shows estimates of the land area allocated to each land use;
• Description of any land use conflicts;
• Description of any land use — water quality conflicts;
• Description of development trends using indicators. These development trends may
include, but are not limited to the following: building permits and platted but un-
built lots; and
• Location of areas expected to experience development during the five years
following plan certification by the CRC and a description of any potential conflicts
with Class II or Class III land identified in the natural systems analysis.
2.. Land Use in Relation to Water Quality
Protection of water quality is very important in Tyrrell County. The degradation of water quality
can be linked to the location of land uses within an area. Water bodies are polluted, generally, by
either point or nonpoint sources. Point source pollutants usually come from regulated, piped
discharges such as municipal wastewater treatment plants. Nonpoint source pollutants are carried
to water bodies through some type of runoff. The waters can be polluted by sediment, nutrients,
fecal coliform bacteria, pesticides, and automobile fluids. Therefore; the location of certain land
uses has a large impact on the quality of water.
The Pasquotank River Basinwide Water Quality Plan, completed in 2002 by the North Carolina
Division of Water Quality (DWQ), is a non -regulatory, watershed -based approach to restoring and
protecting the quality of surface waters. Development of the plan involved several monitoring
efforts. These efforts are not intended to provide precise conclusions about pollutant budgets for
specific watersheds. Typical monitoring efforts that the DWQ uses in the basin are Benthic
Macroinvertabrate testing, Fish Assessments, Aquatic Toxicity Monitoring, Lake Assessments,. and
Ambient Monitoring Systems.
One primary method of water quality testing was performed in Tyrrell County. The details of this
methodology are described below so that the information on the results of this testing can be
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 82

better understood. The method used was the Ambient Monitoring System. DWQ also observes
water bodies for the existence of algal blooms, which are an indication of poor water quality.
The Ambient Monitoring System (AMS) is a network of stream, lake, and estuarine (saltwater)
water quality monitoring stations strategically located for the collection of physical and chemical
water quality data (or parameters). Water quality parameters are arranged by freshwater or
saltwater water body classification and corresponding water quality standards. Under this
arrangement, waters are assigned minimum monthly parameters with additional parameters
assigned to waters with classifications such as trout waters and water supplies. During the last
assessment, there were six (6) AMS stations within Tyrrell County.
Map 15, Land Use in Relation to Water Quality (see Appendix II), delineates the existing land use
by subbasins and includes water quality sampling stations. The water quality issues are discussed
in Section V.13.3, pages 50 to 54. Table 43 provides a summary of the existing land uses by
subbasin.
Table 43. Tyrrell County
Existing Land Use by Subbasin*
(Pasquotank)
% from
(Pasquotank)
% from
Subbasin 03-01-53
Acres
Total
Subbasin 03-01-51
Acres
Total
SFR
2,060.23
3.0%
SFR
308.08
0.2%
Residential Agriculture
16,674.41
21.0%
Residential Agriculture
9,276.67
5.6%
Office & Institutional
286.48
0.0%
Office & Institutional
34.06
0.0%
Commercial
638.26
1.0%
Commercial
86.94
0.1%
Industrial
760.90
1.0%
Industrial
503.64
0.3%
Multi -Family
14.62
0.0%
Farmland
39,982.94
24.0%
Farmland
31,296.99
39.0%
Forest Lands
116,179.34
69.8%
Forest Lands
26,266.66
33.0%
Vacant
73.72
0.0%
National Wildlife Refuge
3.18
0.0%
Total
166,445.40
100.0%
Recreation
259.82
0.0%
Vacant
2,306.03
3.0%
Total
80,567.57
100.0%
(Tar River) % from
Subbasin 03-03-07 Acres Total
Forest Lands 983.75 100.0%
Total 983.75 100.0%
*NOTE: Acreages include the Town of Columbia.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 83

3. Existing Land Use
Map 14A (see Appendix II) delineates the existing land use within Tyrrell County's jurisdiction.
-Map 14B (see Appendix II) depicts the existing land use for the Town of Columbia. These maps
were prepared by Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. and based on post -Isabel aerial photographs.
Tables 44 and 45 provide a summary of these existing land use acreages.
Table 44. Tyrrell County
2006 Existing Land Use Acreages*
Land Use
Acreage
Percentage
Residential
Single -Family Residential
1,924.6
0.9%
Residential Agricultural
25,794.2
11.4%
Manufactured Home Park
11.7
0.0%
Subtotal
27,730.5
12.3%
0&I
240.3
0.1%
Recreation
259.8
0.1%
Commercial
639.5
0.3%
Industrial
1,200.0
0.5%
Forest Land
125,031.0
55.4%
Farmland
68,586.6
30.4%
Vacant
2,115.3
0.9%
Total
225,803.0
100.0%
*NOTE: Acreages do not include the Town of Columbia.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Table 45. Town of Columbia
2006 Existing Land Use Acreages
Town Limit
ETJ
Land Use
Acreage
Acreage
Total
%
Residential
Single -Family Residential
150.78
245.94
396.72
15.5%
Residential Agricultural
82.47
304.56
387.03
15.1%
Manufactured Home Park
3.76
0.00
3.76
0.2%
PUD
93.01
0.00
93.01
3.6%
Multi -Family
14.62
0.00
14.62
0.6%
Subtotal
344.64
550.50
895.14
35.0%
0&1
28.55
51.67
80.22
3.1%
Commercial
61.36
46.93
108.30
4.2%
Forest Land
26.95
571.74
598.68
23.3%
Farmland
64.50
535.39
599.89
23.4%
National Wildlife Refuge
3.18
0.00
3.18
0.1%
Vacant
37.56
241.60
279.16
10.9%
Total
566.74
1,997.84
2,564.58
100.0%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
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The following provides the general land use patterns within Tyrrell County and the Town of
Columbia.
a. Residential
Forest land continues to be the dominant land use in the County, making up 55% of the
county's total land area. Another sizeable portion of the county is used for,agriculture. Urban uses
occupy the smallest percentage of the county's land area, with the Town of Columbia being the
county's only urban/built-up area.
In the Town of Columbia, US 64/Scuppernong Drive provides a dividing line between areas
of high and low density residential development. The majority of residential uses on the north side
of the bypass are single-family homes on relatively large lots. Although there are several mobile
homes in this section of town, the majority are located in an organized mobile home park on
sizeable lots. The residential lots located south of the bypass are much smaller than those found
to the north. It is not uncommon to find as many as four housing units on a single lot that is
barely sufficient for one unit. Most of the lots are 50 feet or less in width and 5,000 square feet
or less in size. This has created an overcrowding problem with potential for health and fire risks.
Tyrrell County is very sparsely populated and was ranked 99th out of North Carolina's 100
counties in population density in 2000 with only 10.64 persons per square mile. Hyde County had
the lowest density at 9.5 persons per square mile. With the exception of the Town of Columbia,
residential uses in Tyrrell County are scattered along paved secondary roads. Rural communities
with concentrations of residential uses include Gum Neck, Kilkenny, Goat Neck, Travis, Alligator,
Sound Side, and River Neck.
b. Commercial
The majority of commercial land uses in Tyrrell County are concentrated in the Town of
Columbia. There are small country stores located in some of the rural communities. Various types
of services (small engine repair, hair salons, etc.) are located in some of the larger communities
and along US 64 and NC 94.
The commercial land use category includes approximately 88 acres of land in the Town of
Columbia. Since Columbia is the only municipality in Tyrrell County, the vast majority of the
county's commercial establishments are located there. The commercial uses in the town are
located primarily along the US 64 Bypass and US 64 Business. The types of commercial use range
from grocery stores, banks, hardware stores and restaurants to attorney offices, barber shops, and
various service facilities.
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C. Industrial
The industrial land use makes up less than one percent of the county. There is only one
major industrial facility in Tyrrell County: White Cap Linen, located on US 64 East beside the Food
Lion. The plant provides laundry service for large companies. There are also several seafood
processing sites and farm supply wholesale/warehouse operations located throughout the county.
Because of the lack of industrial development, there are limited industrial impacts.
The lack of high paying industrial jobs is an issue that will continue to face Tyrrell County
throughout the planning period. According to the NC Department of Commerce,. in 2005 Tyrrell
County ranked 97th out of 100 North Carolina counties in terms of average wage per employee and
99m for median household income.
4. Historic, Cultural, and Scenic Areas
According to the National Register of Historic Places Official Website, the National Register of
Historic Places is the official list of the Nation's historic places worthy of preservation. Authorized
by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the National Park Service's National Register of
Historic Places is part of a national program to coordinate and support public and private efforts
to identify, evaluate, and protect America's historic and archeological resources.
Tyrrell County has three listings on the National Register of Historic Places, which are all located
within the Town of Columbia planning jurisdiction: the Columbia Historic District (listed 3/17/1994),
the Scuppernong River Bridge (listed 3/5/1992), and the Tyrrell County Courthouse (listed
5/10/1979).
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SECTION VI. PLAN FOR THE FUTURE
A. FUTURE DEMANDS
1. Introduction
The NCAC 713 administrative guidelines specify requirements for future land needs. These include
the following:
• To establish the need for land for residential structures, commercial uses and
related services. Population predictions shall be examined in relation to present and
future types of land development. Policies shall consider both past development
densities and patterns and the desired future density and type of development.
• Consideration shall be given to new and expanded facilities which will be required
by the estimated population growth and the densities at which the land is to be
developed. Features such as landfills, road widenings, bridges, water and sewer,
police and fire protection, solid waste, and schools should be considered in order
to meet the intent of this item.
2. Transportation
The following lists the North Carolina Department of Transportation future projects that are
identified in the 2007-2013 Transportation Improvement Program.
Bridge Projects
ID No. (Location) Description Schedule (Fiscal Year)
B-4647 (NC 94) Northwest Fork. Replace Bridge No. 6 Right-of-way FY10
Mitigation FY10
Construction FY11
Road Projects
ID No. (Location) Description Schedule (Fiscal Year)
R-2545 (US 64) East of Columbia to east of the Alligator Planning/Design-In Progress
River. Widen to multi -lanes. 15.6 miles Mitigation FY12
AA - East of Columbia to SR 1229 (Old US 64) at Right-of-way FY12
.Alligator River. Construction Unfunded
AB - SR 1229 (Old US 64) at Alligator River to west Right-of-way FY12
of Alligator River. Construction Unfunded
B - West of Alligator River to east of Alligator River Right-of-way FY12
Construction FY12
NOTE: Projects #B-4648 and R-4452 (also listed on the 2007-2013 TIP) have been completed.
Source: NCDOT.
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3. Education
As discussed earlier in this plan, the Tyrrell County School System oversees three schools: Tyrrell
Elementary School, Columbia Middle School, and Columbia High School. The County school system
had a combined 2004/2005 enrollment of 647.
According to recent forecasts by the North Carolina State Data Center, Tyrrell County's population
is expected to increase by approximately 174, to 4,377 persons, by 2030. Historically,
approximately 19.5% of the County's population has been school -aged persons. Therefore, Tyrrell
County schools may need to accommodate approximately 34 additional students by 2030. None
of the schools are in danger of exceeding capacity. The expected population increase should not
have a significant impact on the school system as a whole. However, it should be noted that if all
proposed subdivisions in Columbia were built out, there would be an additional 577 home -sites and
approximately 1,500 people.
4. Recreation
The Recreation, Parks, and Open Space Standards and Guidelines, 2001 were published by the
National Recreation and Parks Association to provide national guidelines which could serve as an
expression of reasonableness and adequacy with respect to quality service delivery. Table 46
provides a summary of the national standards for selected recreational facilities and the County's
existing and future demand for new facilities.
Table 46. National Recreation Standards and Demand for Facilities in Tyrrell County
Existing
Existing Facility
Year 2030 Additional
Districts
Standard
Facilities
Demand*
Facility Demand**
Baseball
1 per 10,000 persons
1
0
0
League Softball
1 per 4,000 persons
2
0
0
Practice Fields
1 per 3,000 persons
1
1
1
Youth Baseball Fields
1 per 3,000 persons
0
2
2
Tennis Courts
1 per 1,000 persons
1
3
3
Basketball Goals
1 per 500 persons
9
0
0
Football/Soccer
1 per 6,000 persons
1
0
0
Swimming
900 SF per 1,000 persons
1***
3,783 SF
3,939 SF
*This column represents the number of additional facilities the County currently needs to serve its existing population.
**This column represents the number of additional facilities the County will need to serve a population of approximately
4,377 in 2030.
***This pool is not a county -owned facility.
Source: National Recreation and Parks Association, 2001.
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As indicated in the preceding table, according to National Recreation Standards, the County's future
demands include an increase in practice fields, youth baseball fields, tennis courts, and swimming
facilities. However, it should be noted that these guidelines reflect professional judgement rather
than an assessment of community needs, and no two communities are the same. Furthermore,
many communities have found the national guidelines difficult to meet. Therefore, the pursuit of
achieving national recreation standards should nottake the place of common sense and recognizing
the needs of the community. Tyrrell County is located in an area that is rich in natural outdoor
recreational opportunities; therefore, the National Recreation Guidelines may not be considered the
absolute standard.
5. Water System
As discussed in the Analysis of Existing Community Facilities section of this plan, Tyrrell County
provides potable water service to 1,485 residential, 12 commercial, and 1 institutionally metered
customers. The county sells emergency use water to the Town of Columbia. According to the
Tyrrell County water supply plan, the County does not expect peak day demands to exceed water
treatment plant capacity by 2010.
The Town of Columbia has 456 residential, 2 commercial, 2 industrial, and 2 institutionally metered
customers. The Town provides a very small amount of regular use water to the County. There
is no contract because the average amount is so small. According to the Town's Water Supply
Plan, the Town does not expect to exceed water treatment plant capacity in the next 10 years.
However, the Town does plan to develop a third well site during the next decade.
Tyrrell County's water system has a capacity of 800,000 gpd with a flow of 295,000 gpd. The
County plans to expand the system by adding another reverse osmosis plant. The new plant is
expected to cost $3.7 million and increase capacity to 864,000 gpd. The Town of Columbia's water
system has a capacity of 500,000 gpd and a current flow of approximately 200,000 gpd. There
are no plans for expansion during the planning period.
6. Sewer System
As mentioned in the Analysis of Existing Community Facilities, Tyrrell County does not currently
provide sewer service. Through development of the Scuppernong Township Master Sewer Plan,
Tyrrell County has created two sewer districts and is preparing to install sewer lines for these
areas. District 1 will serve properties along and adjacent to US Highway 64 from the Washington
County Line east to the Scuppernong River. District 2 will serve properties along SR 1200 and
Albemarle Church Road up to the Albemarle Sound and Bull Bay. The sewer will be treated by the
Town of Creswell. Construction is scheduled to begin in the Winter of 2010, with closeout expected
in Summer 2011. Map 16 (see Appendix II) delineates the district boundaries and sewer line
locations. In addition to the installation of central sewer service throughout a portion of
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unincorporated Tyrrell County, Columbia is working towards improvements to their town -wide
sewer system. The town has been approved to expand the existing central sewer system from an
operating capacity of 300,000 gallons per day (GPD) to 600,000 GPD. These improvements should
be in place over the next two to three years. This expansion will help address the increased
demand anticipated as subdivision development continues within the Town's corporate limits and
ETJ.
7. Administration
There are no plans to expand administration facilities or increase personnel during the planning
period for Tyrrell County or the Town of Columbia.
8. Law Enforcement
The Tyrrell County Sheriffs Office is responsible for serving the unincorporated portions of the
County as well as the Town of Columbia. There are mutual aide agreements between the County
and Dare, Hyde, and Washington counties. Tyrrell County currently employs six deputies. The
Town of Columbia recently approved funding for two additional deputies for a total of eight
deputies. As a result of increases in calls and service, the Sheriff believes more deputies are
needed to serve the County. During the extended planning period, the Sheriff believes the
department will need an additional 12 deputies and equipment associated with the additional
personnel, such as vehicles, guns, and uniforms. This estimate is based on input from the Sheriff's
Office, taking into account projected population growth. The cost of one additional deputy,
including salary with benefits and related equipment is approximately $65,000 per deputy for a
total of $780,000. If these deputies are funded, additional office space will be needed. The
county/town will encourage organization of community watch and safe neighborhood groups to
assist local law enforcement.
Tyrrell Prison Work Farm is a minimum -security prison for adult males located on 200 acres of land
near Columbia in Tyrrell County. The $9 million facility was the second prison work farm
constructed in North Carolina. The first was the Dan River Prison Work Farm in Yanceyville. Both
facilities, built by prison work crews, are designed to emphasize inmate work. The work farm
houses approximately 568 inmates who will be put to work in the community work program, in
agricultural production at the prison's 103-acre farming operation or in other institutional jobs.
The prison operates with a staff of about 200 employees representing custody, food service,
medical, maintenance, programs, fiscal, and administrative and has an annual operating budget
of approximately $8 million. In the Community Work Program, a correctional officer supervises a
squad of up to ten inmates in short term, manual labor projects for public agencies. The prison's
farming operation provides produce grown in fields and greenhouses by the prison. Broccoli,
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cabbage, tomatoes, and peppers are grown in the fields. Greenhouses provide a year round supply
of lettuce, tomatoes, and cucumbers.
The modern and unique architecture of this new facility differs markedly from traditional prison
structures and was designed to be built and maintained at less cost. The physical plant consists
of an administration building, central complex buildings comprised of food service, staff offices,
visiting area, clothes house and central control office, segregation building and produce warehouse.
The impressive dormitory building is 60,000 square feet under one roof which contains 10 inmate
housing areas, 10 day rooms, two canteens, 10 shower and lavatory areas, medical and programs
departments, barber shop, library, classrooms, chaplain's office, and two control rooms.
9. Fire EMS
As noted earlier in the plan, there are six fire stations in Tyrrell County. These departments have
been listed on page 56 of the plan. There are currently no expected changes in administration or
facilities. The Fire Chief noted that the department is in need of a ladder truck and rescue truck.
B. LAND USE/DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND IMPLEMENTING ACTIONS
This section of the plan is intended to guide the development and use of land in Tyrrell County and
the Town of Columbia. The future land use maps and policies are intended to support Tyrrell
County, as well as the Town of Columbia's and CAMA's goals through the establishment of specific
implementing actions. Specifically, this section includes the County's goals, land use development.
policies, and the future land use maps for the County and the Town of Columbia. The future land
use maps and the specified development goals are based in part on the Tyrrell County/Town of
Columbia community concerns (identified on pages 9 and 10 of this plan) and the future
needs/demands (identified in Section VLA of this plan).
C. POLICIES/IMPLEMENTING ACTIONS
1. Introduction
It is intended that the policies included in this plan are consistent with the goals of CAMA. This
plan will address the CRC management topics for land use plans and comply with all state and
federal rules and regulations. The following will serve as a guideline to assist in assuring that this
land use plan will guide the development and use of land in a manner that is consistent with the
management goal(s), planning objective(s), and land use plan requirements of this document.
These policies and implementing actions will apply to both incorporated and unincorporated
portions of the County. All policies and implementing actions shall be used for consistency review
by appropriate state and federal agencies.
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Resource conservation and impact analysis issues are addressed throughout the policies and
implementing actions included in this plan. However, the following conservation related policies
and implementing actions are emphasized:
• Public Access, page 946.
• Conservation, page 103.
• Stormwater Control, page 106.
• Natural Hazard Areas, page 114.
• Water Quality, page 116.
• Cultural, Historical, and Scenic Areas, page 120.
Currently Tyrrell County does not have a zoning ordinance that governs development within
unincorporated portions of the county. The policies; implementing actions, and future land use
map outlined in this section will be used as a tool for the establishment of County -wide zoning, if
and when the County decides to undertake this task. The Town of Columbia, however, through
implementation of this plan, will continually do the following:
• Consult the Land Use Plan during the deliberation of all re -zoning requests.
• Consider the following in deliberation of all zoning petitions:
• Consider the policies and implementing actions of this plan and all applicable
CAMA regulations in their decisions regarding land use and development
(including 15A NCAC 7H).
• All uses that are allowed in a zoning district must be considered. A decision
to re -zone or not to re -zone a parcel or parcels of property cannot be based
on consideration of only one use or a partial list of the uses allowed within
a zoning district.
• Zoning decisions will not be based on aesthetic considerations.
• Requests for zoning changes will not be approved if the requested change
will result in spot zoning. Spot zoning is a form of discriminatory zoning
whose sole purpose is to serve the private interests of one or more
landowners instead of furthering the welfare of the entire community as part
of an overall zoning plan. Spot zoning is based on the arbitrary and
inappropriate nature of a re -zoning change rather than, as is commonly
believed, on the size of the area being re -zoned.
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• The concept of uniformity should be supported in all zoning deliberations.
Uniformity is a basic premise.of zoning which holds that all land in similar
circumstances should be zoned alike; any different circumstances should be
carefully balanced with a demonstrated need for such different treatment.
• Zoning regulations should be created (in the case of Tyrrell County) and
maintained in accordance with the Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia CAMA
Land Use Plan and designed to lessen congestion in the streets; to secure
safety. from fire, panic, and other dangers; to promote health and the
general welfare; to provide adequate light and air; to prevent the
overcrowding of land; to avoid undue concentration of population; and to
facilitate the adequate provision of transportation, water, sewerage, schools,
parks, and other public requirements. The regulations shall be made with
reasonable consideration, among other things, as to the character of the
district and its peculiar suitability for particular uses, and with a view to
conserving the value of buildings and encouraging the most appropriate use
of land throughout Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia's planning jurisdiction.
• Specifically, the Town of Columbia Planning Board and Town Board should
ask the following questions when hearing rezoning petitions:
• Does the Town of Columbia need more land in the zone class
requested?
• Is there other property in the town that might be more appropriate
for this use?
• Is the request in accordance with the Town of Columbia land use
plan?
• Will the request have a serious impact on traffic circulation, parking
space, sewer and water services, and other utilities?
• Will the request have an impact on other town/county services,
including police protection, fire protection, or the school system?
• Is there a good possibility that the request, as proposed, will result
in lessening the enjoyment or use of adjacent properties?
• Will the request, as proposed, cause serious noise, odors, light,
activity, or unusual disturbances?
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• Does the request raise serious legal questions such as spot zoning,
hardship, violation of precedents, or need for this type of use?
• Does the request adversely impact any CAMA AEC's or other
environmentally sensitive areas including water quality?
It is intended that this plan will serve as the basic tool to guide development/growth in Tyrrell
County and the Town of Columbia subject to the following:
• The Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia Land Development Ordinances should be
revised from time to time to be consistent, as reasonably possible, with the
recommendations of this plan and the evolving nature of the county's growth and
development policy.
• Land development regulations should be designed: to lessen congestion in the
streets; to secure safety from fire, panic, and other dangers; to promote health and
the general welfare; to provide adequate light and air; to prevent the overcrowding
of land; to avoid undue concentration of population; and to facilitate the adequate
provision of transportation, water, sewerage, schools, parks, and other public
requirements. Additionally, development throughout rural Tyrrell County should be
coordinated to minimize impacts on prime farmland.
• Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will coordinate all development proposals
with appropriate State and/or Federal agencies.
2. Policies Regarding Land Use and Development in AEC's
Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia accepts state and federal law regarding land
uses and development in AEC's. By reference; all applicable state and federal regulations are
incorporated into this document.
All policies and implementing actions are to be utilized by the State of North Carolina for
consistency review. Note the following:
• No policy is subordinate to another.
• All management topics have equal status.
• The future land use map may show some areas in a developed category which may
also include sensitive habitats or natural areas. The intent is that development
should be designed/permitted to protect these areas through utilization of concepts
such as cluster development. Development/project approval will be based on
project design which avoids substantial loss of important habitat areas.
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D. LAND USE PLAN MANAGEMENT TOPICS
1. Introduction
The purpose of the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC) management topics are to ensure that
CAMA Land Use Plans support the goals of CAMA, to define the CRCs expectations for the land use
planning process, and to give the CRC a substantive basis for review and certification of CAMA Land
Use Plans. Each of the following management topics (Public Access, Land Use Compatibility,
Infrastructure Carrying Capacity, Natural Hazard Areas, Water Quality, and Local Areas of Concern)
include three components: a management goal, a statement of the CRCs planning objective, and
requirements for the CAMA Land Use Plan. These policies apply to the entire county including the
Town of Columbia. The local concerns which should be addressed in this plan are identified on
pages 9 and 10. These concerns. and issues were utilized to develop the goals and objectives
which are included in this plan. Most of the policies and implementing actions are continuing
activities. In most situations, specific timelines are not applicable. Refer to page 146 for a list of
those policies/implementing actions which have a specific schedule. The policies and implementing
actions frequently utilize the following words: should, continue, encourage, enhance, identify,
implement, maintain, prevent, promote, protect, provide, strengthen, support, work. The intent
of these words is defined in Appendix III. Please note: Policies and Implementing Actions are
number consecutively throughout this document with the letter "P" denoting a policy and the letter
"I" denoting an implementing action.
NOTE: References to low density residential development throughout the policy section reflect
either the low density standards outlined for the Town of Columbia on page 139 or the residential/
agricultural and rural residential districts outlined for Tyrrell County on pages 134-137.
2. Impact of CAMA Land Use Plan Policies on Management Topics
The development of this land use plan has relied heavily on the CAMA-prescribed land suitability
analysis which is included in Section V.E of this document. It is intended that this document is
supportive of the CAMA regulations for protection of AEC's (15A NCAC 7H).
No negative impacts are anticipated by the implementation of the goals, objectives, and policies
which are included in this plan. Also refer to Tools for Managing Development, page 145.
Note: It is intended that all policies are consistent with (do not exceed) applicable State and
Federal requirements when State and Federal requirements apply.
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3. Public Access
a. Management Goal
Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will maximize public access to the beaches and
the public trust waters of the coastal region.
b. Planning Objective
Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will develop comprehensive policies that provide
beach and public trust water access opportunities for the public along the shoreline within the
planning jurisdiction.
C. Land Use Plan Requirements
The following are Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia's policies/implementing actions
for waterfront access. All policies are continuing activities.
Policies:
PA Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support the Tyrrell County visitors center,
eco-tourism, and recreational related developments that protect and preserve the
natural environment while promoting the County as a tourist destination. It
supports the private and public development of waterfront access through private
funds and grant monies. It also supports the work of the Partnership for the
Sounds and the Albemarle Commission.
P.2 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support providing shoreline access for
persons with disabilities.
P.3 Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia supports the frequency of shoreline access as
defined by 15A NCAC 7M, Section .0300, Shorefront Access Policies. However,
emphasis will be placed on providing access to the Scuppernong River, as well as
portions of downtown Columbia.
P.4 Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia supports. state/federal funding of piers for
crabbing and fishing.
P.5 Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia supports the development of estuarine access
areas to ensure adequate shoreline access within all areas of the County. Areas
that have traditionally been used by the public will be given special attention.
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P.6 Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia will seek funding for increased access for canoe
and kayaking activities.
Implementing Actions:
I.1 Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia will work with Pettigrew State Park to increase
waterfront access opportunities along the Scuppernong River. Schedule; Fiscal
Year 2008-2010.
I.2 Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia will consider revising its subdivision ordinance to
include the provisions of NCGS 153A-331 which allow for requiring the developer
of a subdivision to be charged recreation fees as follows: "The subdivision ordinance
may provide that a developer may provide funds to the County whereby the County
may acquire recreational land or areas to serve the development or subdivision,
including the purchase of land which may be used to serve more than one
subdivision or development within the immediate area."
The funds may be used -to provide increased shoreline access. Schedule: Fiscal
Year 2009-2010.
I.3 Tyrrell County, in conjunction with the Town of Columbia, will prepare a shoreline
access plan and request Division of Coastal Management funding for the preparation
of the plan. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2009-2010,
I.4 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will pursue funding under the North
Carolina CAMA Shoreline Access funding program (15A NCAC 7M, Section .0300,
Shorefront Access Policies). Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.5 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will pursue private sources of funding for
the development of shoreline access facilities, including donation of land.
Schedule: Continuing Activity,
I.6 The County will cooperate with state and federal agencies to secure estuarine
access areas to ensure adequate shoreline access within all areas of the County.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
NOTE: There are no shoreline areas in Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia targeted
for shoreline/beach nourishment.
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4. Land Use Compatibility
a. Management Goal
Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will ensure that development and use of resources
or preservation of land minimize direct and secondary environmental impacts, avoid risks to public
health, safety, and welfare, and are consistent with the capability of the land based on
considerations of interactions of natural and manmade features.
b. Planning Objectives
i. Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will adopt and apply local
development policies that balance protection of natural resources and fragile
areas with economic development.
ii. Tyrrell County and the -Town of Columbia policies will provide clear
direction to assist local decision making and consistency findings for zoning,
divisions of land, and public and private projects.
C. Land Use Plan Requirements
The following are Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia's policies/implementing actions
for land use compatibility:
Policies - Residential:
P.7 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support revisions to the North Carolina
State Statutes which would allow the local imposition of impact fees, or special
legislation to allow them in Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia. Impact fees
would be levied against land developers to establish a revenue source to support
the additional demand for services generated by the people occupying the proposed
developments such as roads, schools, water and sewer infrastructure, and
recreational facilities.
P.8 The county and the town support repair and reconstruction of privately -owned
dwelling units through private funds and/or grants. They support the enforcement
of existing regulations of the District Health Department regarding sanitary
conditions, including the installation of private septic tanks and package treatment
plants.
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P.9 The Town of Columbia supports discouraging the re -zoning of existing residentially -
developed or zoned areas to a non-residential classification as reasonably possible.
Such re -zoning and amendments in classifications to the future land use map should
be carefully balanced with a demonstrated need for such proposed development
that will be the best overall land development policy for the town's future land use
and protecting established residentially -developed areas.
P.10 Tyrrell County will consider development of a county -wide zoning ordinance that will
assist the county staff and administrators in promoting coordinated development
patterns that will protect the rural nature of the County. Additionally, this effort will
focus on protecting portions of the county that have been. historica I ly utilized for
farming practices.
P.11 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support greater residential densities in
areas that are accessible to water and/or sewer service(s). Agricultural and low
density residential land uses should be located in areas that do not have county or
town water/sewer service. Office/Institutional/Multi-family land uses should be
developed along transportation thoroughfares to provide transition between
commercial nodes and to preserve vehicle carrying capacity.
P.12 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support quality development reflecting the
spectrum of housing needs, from low -end (affordable) residences to high -end
(luxury) residences.
P.13 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support regulating growth to coincide with
the provision of public facilities and services. Within portions of the County where
central services are not available (all unincorporated portions of the county outside
of the residential future land use district), Tyrrell County supports the use of private
wells and package wastewater treatment systems.
P.14 Tyrrell County supports wooded buffers along thoroughfares, where feasible.
P.15 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support using Office/Institutional/Multi-
family development as a buffer between light industrial and commercial
development and adjacent residential land uses.
P.16 Tyrrell County supports providing adequate conservation/open space buffers
between areas designated for residential development and any adjacent non-
residential land use, including agricultural areas. This policy should focus on
coordinating residential development that falls either adjacent to or within close
proximity to farmland.
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P.17 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will support the expansion of both
seasonal and year-round residential development as a top priority to stabilize the
county's tax base.
Implementing Actions - Residential:
I.7 Until a County -wide zoning ordinance may be drafted and adopted, the County will
continue to rely on the Tyrrell County subdivision ordinance for land use regulation.
The Town of Columbia will continue to enforce its current zoning and subdivision
regulations. The town will extend its ET] to the one -mile limit allowed, reflecting
recent annexations that have moved the town limits outward. Schedule. -
Continuing Activity (contingent upon the County developing a zoning
ordinance — Fiscal Years 2009-2011).
I.8 All re -zoning within the Town of Columbia and subdivision approvals will consider
the existing and future land use suitability maps and analyses which are included
in this plan. As noted, Tyrrell County will consider the development of a zoning
ordinance subsequent to the certification of this land use plan by the CRC.
Schedule; Continuing Activity.
I.9 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will permit residential development to
occur in response to market needs provided that the following criteria are met:
(1) Due respect is offered to all aspects of the environment.
(2) If deficient community facilities and services are identified, the county
should attempt to improve such to the point of adequately meeting
demands (see infrastructure carrying capacity policies).
(3) Additional residential development should concurrently involve planning for
improvements to community facilities and services if excess capacity does
not exist within those facilities and services.
(4) Residential development is consistent with other Tyrrell County and Town
of Columbia policies and the land use map as contained in this plan update.
This implementing action will be enforced through the Tyrrell County subdivision
ordinance and the Town of Columbia zoning and subdivision ordinances.
Schedule: Continuing Activity,
I.10 The county will consider revisions to its subdivision regulations for non-residential
sites to ensure adequate buffering and landscaping to separate residential and
incompatible non-residential uses, and adequate regulation of off -site lighting, hours
of operation, and vehicular driveway locations. This includes buffering between
residential development and agricultural operations. The county will also strongly
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consider establishing strong language relating to this requirement within the context
of a potential zoning ordinance. Schedule: fiscal Year 2009-2010.
I.11 The county will require through subdivision regulation an interior road system that
provides vehicular access to lots abutting major thoroughfares. The County will
consider reviewing existing design standards to ensure effective limitation of
driveway entrances. Schedule; Continuing Activity,
I.12 The Town of Columbia will regulate through its zoning and subdivision ordinance
the development of conflicting land uses within the town's planning jurisdiction.
Schedule: Continuing Activity,
I.13 The county will consider the merits of establishing a minimum housing code to
ensure that all occupied structures are fit for human habitation. Schedule; Fiscal
Year 2009-2010.
I.14 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will pursue Community Development,
North Carolina Housing Finance Agency, and United States Department of
Agriculture funds from state and federal sources for rehabilitation or redevelopment
of substandard housing. Schedule; ReviewAnnually,
Policies - Commercial/Industrial:
P.18 Tyrrell County supports commercial development within areas defined as rural
mixed use nodes on the future land use map (i.e., in a nodal fashion).
P.19 The county supports properly permitted mining activities within its borders. The
county will continue to rely on state resources to permit and oversee these
operations.
P.20 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia deem industrial development within fragile
areas and areas with low land suitability acceptable only if the following conditions
are met:
(1) CAMA minor or major permits can be obtained.
(2) Applicable town and/or county land development regulations are met.
(3) Within coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, and public trust waters, no
industrial use will be permitted unless such use is water related.
This policy applies to both new industrial development and to expansion of existing
industrial facilities.
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P.21 Tyrrell County opposes the establishment of private solid waste/landfill sites in the
county.
P.22 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support the recruitment and siting of
environmentally compatible light industrial and commercial establishments within
its borders in areas that are already similarly developed or are zoned to concentrate
such activity into commercial/industrial zones. The county also supports the
Northeastern North Carolina Economic Development Commission in its efforts to
promote economic development in the county and region. The county does not
encourage the conversion of prime farmland to residential use.
P.23 The Town of Columbia supports the repair, reconstruction, and reuse of privately -
owned business/commercial buildings through private funds and/or grants.
P.24 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support industrial development which is
located adjacent to and/or with direct access to major thoroughfares.
P.25 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support the development of industrial
sites that are accessible to the town or county water and sewer services.
P.26 Industries which are noxious by reason of the emission of smoke, dust, glare, noise,
odor, and vibrations, and those which deal primarily in hazardous products such as
explosives, should not be located in Tyrrell County or the Town of Columbia.
P.27 Industry should be located in conformance with the county's land ,use plan. This
includes placing emphasis on.light industrial development.
P.28 Tyrrell County supports the establishment and operation of eco-tourism operations
within Areas of Environmental Concern. All proposed operations should comply with
CAMA regulations outlined under 15A NCAC 7H.
P.29 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support an increase in the number of
restaurants, lodging, and commercial establishments in an effort to support the
population increase throughout the planning period. Additionally, increased
commercial and industrial operations will create jobs for existing and future county
residents.
P.30 Tyrrell County supports the establishment of aquaculture operations within the
county.
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P.31 The Town of Columbia supports state and local incentives to encourage desirable
business development within the town and its ET].
P.32 The Town of Columbia supports the use of state grants that encourage
entrepreneurial development, or expansion of existing successful businesses.
Implementing Actions - Commercial/Industrial:
I.15 Tyrrell County will pursue all grant funding opportunities available to assist in
enhancing the eco-tourism industry within the county. Schedule: Review
Annually,
I.16 The county will enforce its subdivision regulations and rely on state permitting
agencies to regulate mining activities. The county will take a more active stance
regarding the State permitting authorities and their oversight of mining/heavy
industrial activities by communicating grievances to the appropriate State agencies
and officials. Schedule: Continuing Activity,
I.17 The Town of Columbia will rely on its zoning ordinance in zoned areas and the
CAMA permitting program with regard to new industrial development and expansion
of existing industrial facilities. Schedule: Continuing Activity,
I.18 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will review their respective zoning and
subdivision ordinances to ensure compliance with policies P.18 and P.20 through
P.27. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2010-2011.
I.19 Tyrrell County will work in conjunction with the Town of Columbia to discuss the
option of developing an industrial park. Establishment of this facility will require
resources from both the town and county. Schedule: Fiscal Years2009-2015.
Policies - Conservation:
P.33 Except as otherwise permitted in this plan, residential, commercial, and industrial
development should not be supported in natural heritage areas or coastal wetlands.
Residential, commercial, and industrial development which meets 15A NCAC 7H use
standards will be allowed in estuarine shoreline, estuarine water, and public trust
areas. In all other areas, development will be allowed that is consistent with
applicable local, state, and federal regulations.
P.34 Tyrrell County will support, larger lots in conservation classified areas through
enforcement of the County's subdivision ordinance.
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P.35 Tyrrell County supports the maintenance of its rural atmosphere through
enforcement of the county subdivision regulations.
P.36 The county recognizes that maintaining the environmentally sensitive nature of the
county is vital to the future of the county's economy. The county will establish
development regulations aimed at protecting environmentally sensitive portions of
the county through the development of a county -wide zoning ordinance.
P.37 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia reserves the right to object to
amendments and/or changes to the guidelines of the Coastal Area Management Act
(CAMA) and the efforts and programs of the North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Coastal Management and the
Coastal Resources Commission to protect the ocean, coastal wetlands, estuarine
waters, estuarine shorelines, and public trust waters of Tyrrell County.
P.38 All development should be designed to protect Protected Lands and Significant
Natural Heritage Areas (see Sections V.B of this plan).
P.39 Tyrrell County generally supports the efforts and programs of state and federal
agencies with jurisdiction to regulate the upland excavation of land for marina
basins but reserves the right to object to amendments and/or changes to
regulations and/or programs.
PAO Tyrrell County generally supports the efforts of state and federal agencies with
regulatory authority to monitor and regulate development in areas susceptible to
sea level rise and wetland loss, but reserves the right to object to amendments
and/or changes to regulations and/or programs.
Implementing Actions - Conservation:
I.20 Tyrrell County will consider the development of a county -wide zoning ordinance to
ensure compliance with policies P.33 and P.36. The Town of Columbia will review
its existing zoning ordinance for compliance with these policies. Schedule: Fiscal
Year 2009-2011.
I.21 Tyrrell County will coordinate all housing code enforcement/redevelopment
project/public works projects with the NC Division of Archives and History to ensure
the preservation and identification of significant historic structures and
archaeological sites. Schedule: Continuing Activity,
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I.22 In order to protect property and ensure public safety, Tyrrell County will implement
the following:
• Continue to enforce its Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance.
• Implement its Storm Hazard Mitigation Plan, as necessary.
• Continue to coordinate development within special flood hazard areas with
the County's Building Inspections Department, North Carolina Division of
Coastal Management, Federal Emergency Management Agency, and the US
Army Corps of Engineers.
• Participate in the Federal Flood Insurance Program.
Schedule: Continuing Activities,
I.23 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will rely on the NC Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Coastal Management to regulate
development through the CAMA permitting process. Also, it will rely on the
regulations of other state and federal agencies with regulatory authority, as well as
existing local development regulations, to mitigate threats to AECs. Schedule;
Continuing Activity.
I.24 Tyrrell County will rely on the US Army Corps of Engineers to monitor development
proposals for compliance with Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and will continue
to enforce local land use ordinances. Schedule; Continuing Activity,
I.25 In order to monitor possible sea level rise, Tyrrell County will implement the
following:
• Rely on the NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division
of Coastal Management to monitor and regulate development in areas
susceptible to sea level rise and wetlands loss.
• Rely on state and federal agencies to monitor the effects of sea level rise
and cooperate with local, state, and federal efforts to inform the public of
the anticipated effects of sea level rise.
• Consider updates or amendments to its land use plan policies as necessary
to protect the county's public and private properties from rising water levels.
• Support bulkheading to protect its shoreline areas from intruding water
resulting from rising sea levels.
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• Consider establishing setback standards, density controls, bulkhead
restrictions, buffer vegetation protection requirements, and building designs
through the Building Code, County Subdivision Regulations, and Town of
Columbia Zoning Regulations, which will facilitate the movement of
structures, if necessary.
Schedule: Continuing Activities.
I.26 Any adopted Tyrrell County zoning ordinances will regulate construction of marinas.
Schedule; Fiscal Years 2009-2011.
Policies - Stormwater Control:
P.41 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia supports reducing soil erosion, runoff, and
sedimentation to minimize the adverse effects on surface and subsurface water
quality.
P.42 Tyrrell County recognizes the value of water quality maintenance and supports the
protection of fragile areas and the provision of clean water for recreational
purposes.
P.43 The county supports the enforcement of all controls and regulations, specifically
design standards, tie -down requirements, construction and installation standards,
elevation requirements, flood -proofing, CAMA regulations, and FEMA regulations,
deemed necessary by the Board of Commissioners to mitigate the risks of lives and
property caused by severe storms and hurricanes.
P.44 Tyrrell County supports implementation of the Pasquotank River Basinwide Water
Quality Plans (see Section V.13.3, page 50).
PAS Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support requiring developers to address
stormwater management to comply with NC Department of Environment and
Natural Resources Coastal Stormwater Regulations.
P.46 Tyrrell County supports the development of a comprehensive long range plan to
.address the issue of cleaning out the arterial canals located throughout the county
in an effort to improve stormwater drainage throughout the County.
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Implementing Actions - Stormwater Control:
I.27 Tyrrell County will consider adopting and enforcing a soil erosion and sediment
control ordinance for development sites less than one acre. The County will
continue to rely on NCDENR for enforcement of sedimentation and erosion control
measures on developments greater than one acre. The Town of Columbia will
consider adopting more stringent standards relating to this issue into the Town's
existing subdivision ordinance. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2010-2011.
I.28 Tyrrell County will seek funding and technical assistance to study the effect of
mosquito and other man-made ditches on the estuarine system. Effective mosquito
control is essential to the health and welfare of Tyrrell County. Schedule: Review
Annually,
I.29 Tyrrell County will support control of agricultural runoff through implementation of
Natural Resources Conservation Service Agricultural Best Management Practices
program (see Appendix IV). Schedule: Continuing Activity,
I.30 Tyrrell County, in conjunction with the Town of Columbia, will seek funding and
technical assistance to prepare a county -wide master drainage plan and develop a
stormwater management plan and ordinance to aid in eliminating standing water,
and to require that all development address stormwater management. This should
include a water quality component. Additionally, this plan should address a
comprehensive strategy for the clean out of the county's arterial canal system.
Schedule: Fiscal Year 2010-2012.
I.31 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will support control of forestry runoff
through implementation of Forestry Best Management Practices as provided by the
North Carolina Division of Forest Resources (see Appendix IV). Schedule:
Continuing Activity,
I.32 The Town of Columbia will consider adopting a landscaping ordinance to require
that a buffer of trees/vegetation be left between rights -of -way and any clear cut
areas be consistent with applicable state and federal regulations. Additionally, this
ordinance will aim to increase the aesthetic quality of entry corridors and the town's
main thoroughfares as redevelopment occurs. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2010-
2011.
I.33 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will consider adopting and enforcing a
stormwater control ordinance which should include regulations for water detention
and/or retention facilities in new developments and provide regulations to control
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the amount of impervious surface in a development. Schedule; Fiscal Year
2009-2011.
I.34 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will implement a public education
campaign regarding the impacts of stormwater runoff and methods of reducing
stormwater runoff pollution, particularly among the County's farmers and animal
operation managers. Schedule; Fiscal Year 2010-2012.
5. Infrastructure Carrying Capacity
a. Management Goal
Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will ensure that public infrastructure systems are
appropriately sized, located, and managed so the quality and productivity of AECs and other fragile
areas are protected or restored. It is acknowledged that to achieve the infrastructure carrying
capacity goals, policies, and implementing actions, some utility lines may have to extend through
some environmentally sensitive areas.
b. Planning Objective
Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will establish level of service policies and criteria
for infrastructure consistent with the projections of future land needs.
C. Land Use Plan Requirements
The following are Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia's policies for infrastructure
carrying capacity. All policies are continuing activities.
Policies - Water/Sewer Infrastructure:
P.47 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support providing adequate community
services and facilities which meet the needs of Tyrrell County and Columbia's
citizens, businesses, and industries.
P.48 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support providing sufficient water and
sewer service to promote economic development and to alleviate public health
problems created by the absence of public water and sewer services including
degradation of water quality.
P.49 The county supports directing more intensive land uses to areas that have existing
or planned infrastructure, as indicated on the future land use map.
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P.50 The county supports the extension of water services from existing systems and
encourages the use of central services for new developments whether residential,
commercial, or industrial in nature. It also supports the continued public provision
of solid waste disposal, law enforcement, and educational services to all citizens of
the county, as well as the Town of Columbia.
P.51 The county supports the installation and use of properly permitted septic tank
systems and the enforcement of District Health Department regulations and local
development regulations regarding lot sizes and waste disposal system placement.
The county will also encourage the North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources to investigate the feasibility of using alternative waste processing
systems such as flushless toilets, incineration, and artificial wetlands in areas with
severe soil limitations.
P.52 The county supports the use of properly permitted and maintained package sewage
treatment plants within its borders but outside of proposed sewer service areas.
Package sewer treatment plants will only be allowed in developments which have
been approved by the county. If any package treatment plants are approved, the
county supports requirement of a specific contingency plan specifying how ongoing
private operation and maintenance of the plant will be provided, and detailing
provisions for assumption of the plant into a public system should the private
operation fail.
P.53 The county will support investigations by the District Health Department and North
Carolina State University concerning the use of package treatment plants as a
method of solving some of the severe sewage disposal problems in portions of the
county.
P.54 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support providing water and sewer
services to industrial areas, as required, when county resources are sufficient, in
order to encourage industrial development. It should be noted that this policy
applies to future industrial growth.
P.55 Tyrrell County supports all efforts to secure available state and federal funding for
the construction and/or expansion of public and private sewer systems.
P.56 In concert with this Land Use Plan, Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia
support the master sewer plan in an effort to accommodate growth within the
Scuppernong Township.
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P.57 The County supports the provision of public recreational facilities and areas and will
pursue grant funds for county -owned and operated recreation facilities.
P.58 Tyrrell County supports the ongoing agreement between the Town of Creswell and
the County with regards to providing wastewater treatment plant capacity required
to accommodate demand for the ongoing Phase I and Phase II central sewer
system installation.
P.59 It is the policy of Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia that all infrastructure
improvements be designed and installed to have a minimal impact on Areas of
Environmental Concern.
Implementing Actions - Water/Sewer Infrastructure:
I.35 Tyrrell County will continue to implement the current central sewer master plan,
which involves county sewer lines being extending to a majority of buildable
property located within the Scuppernong Township. Schedule; Fiscal Year
2007--2ma
1.36. Malfunctioning septic tanks will be inspected by the Martin -Tyrrell -Washington
District Health Department and corrective action recommended for implementation
by the owner. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.37 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will amend the future land use map, when
needed, to reflect the county's water and sewer extension projects as they are
planned. Schedule: Continuing Activity,
I.38 Tyrrell County will identify and contact state and federal agencies that provide
typical and non -typical funding sources for assistance in providing central sewer.
Schedule: Re view Annually,
I.39 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will consult the future land use map when
considering new public facilities and private development. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.
I.40 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will consider revising water and sewer
extension policies to ensure that public/private cooperation in the provision of
infrastructure to serve new development is encouraged. Schedule: Fiscal Year
2009-2010.
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I.41 The county will rely on the Division of Environmental Management in conjunction
with the Martin -Tyrrell -Washington District Health Department to oversee the
operation and management of all package treatment plants in the county.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.42 The county will consider adopting an operating and capital financing plan for the
development of water and sewer systems outside of existing proposed water and
sewer service areas. Schedule; Fiscal Year2OO9-2011.
I.43 The County will provide sufficient emergency management personnel and facilities
to adequately serve the projected population growth. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.
I.44 The county will coordinate the development of recreational facilities with the school
system. Schedule; Continuing Activity.
I.45 Tyrrell County will encourage cable television service provider(s) to provide facilities
and service to ensure affordable, adequate, and dependable cable television and
high speed internet services to the citizens of the County. Schedule; Continuing
Activity.
I.46 Tyrrell County will encourage electrical service provider(s) to provide facilities and
services to ensure adequate supplies of uninterruptible electric power to the citizens
of the County. Schedule; Continuing Activity.
Policies — Transportation:
P.60 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support interconnected street systems for
residential and non-residential development.
P.61 The county and the Town of Columbia support limited access from development
along all roads and highways to provide safe ingress and egress. This policy is
aimed at reducing curb cuts and promoting cross -access between properties.
P.62 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support subdivision development which
utilizes the North Carolina Department of Transportation Traditional Neighborhood
Development Street Design Guidelines. A Traditional Neighborhood Development
(TND) is a human scale, walkable community with moderate to high residential
densities and a mixed use core. Compared with conventional suburban
developments, TNDs have a higher potential to increase modal split by encouraging
and accommodating alternate transportation modes. TNDs also have a higher
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potential for capturing internal trips, thus reducing vehicle miles traveled. (see
Appendix V).
P.63 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia specifically supports the following future
transportation improvement projects:
Bridge Projects
ID No. (Location) Description Schedule (Fiscal Year)
B-4647 (NC 94) Northwest Fork. Replace Bridge No. 6 Right-of-way FY10
Mitigation FY10
Construction FY11
Road Projects
ID No. (Location) Description Schedule (Fiscal Year
R-2545 (US 64) East of Columbia to east of the Alligator Planning/Design-In Progress
River. Widen to multi -lanes. 15.6 miles Mitigation FY12
AA - East of Columbia to SR 1229 (Old US 64) at
Right-of-way FY12
Alligator River.
Construction Unfunded_
AB - SR 1229 (Old US 64) at Alligator River to west
Right-of-way FY12
of Alligator River.
Construction Unfunded
B - West of Alligator River to east of Alligator River
Right-of-way FY12
Construction FY12
P.64 The town and county support the expansion of US Highway 64 to four lanes.
P.65 The county supports maintaining an effective signage and addressing system for all
streets, roads, and highways.
P.66 The county supports state and federal funding for maintenance/dredging of major
watercourses adjacent to the counties borders.
Implementing Actions - Transportation:
I.47 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will require, where reasonably possible,
the use of frontage roads in non-residential development along federal and state
major highways. The County and Town will consider revising their respective
subdivision regulations in order to comply with this policy. Schedule: Fiscal Year
2009-2010.
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I.48 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will establish a requirement for reverse
frontage lots within subdivisions to orient lots towards internal subdivision streets,
not secondary roads and highways. Schedule. Fiscal Year2009-2010.
I.49 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will require the construction of
acceleration/deceleration lanes for the entrances to major commercial and
residential developments. This should be accomplished through revisions to the
town and county's subdivision ordinances. Schedule: Fiscal Year2009-2010,
I.50 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will consider establishing traffic impact
studies for large scale residential and mixed use developments. This requirement
will be based on recommendation by each jurisdiction's Planning Board. Schedule:
Fiscal Year 2010-2011.
I.51 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will solicit local civic organizations to
commit to the beautification of selected areas which will require initial labor for
construction/planting and long-term regular maintenance. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.
I.52 Tyrrell County will request that the NCDOT Division of .Highways implement its
wildflower research project and the Adopt -a -Highway program along US 64.
Schedule: Continuing Activity. .
6. Natural Hazard Areas
a. Management Goal
Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will conserve and maintain shorelines, floodplains,
and other coastal features for their natural storm protection functions and their natural resources
giving recognition to public health, safety, and welfare issues.
b. Planning Objective
Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will develop policies that minimize threats to life,
property, and natural resources resulting from development located in or adjacent to hazard areas,
such as those subject to erosion, high winds, storm surge, flooding, or sea level rise.
C. Land Use Plan Requirements
The following are Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia's policies/implementing actions
for natural hazard areas. All policies are continuing activities.
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Policies:
P.67 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support efforts to control estuarine
shoreline erosion. Where possible, land owners are encouraged to use structures.
that will preserve wetlands and fisheries habitat and protect water quality. Such
structures include living shorelines and plantings using native wetland species.
Bulkheads are allowed; the use of innovative techniques is encouraged.
P.68 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support the US Army Corps of Engineers'
regulations and the applicable guidelines of the Coastal Area Management Act and
the use of local land use ordinances to regulate development of freshwater swamps,
marshes, and 404 wetlands.
P.69 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia recognize the uncertainties associated
with sea level rise. The rate of rise is difficult to predict. Thus, it is difficult to
establish policies to deal with the effects of sea level rise. Tyrrell County and the
Town of Columbia support cooperation with local, state, and federal efforts to
inform the public of the anticipated effects of sea level rise.
P.70 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support hazard mitigation planning. The
mitigation strategies and policies contained in the Tyrrell County Multi -Jurisdictional
Hazard Mitigation, adopted in February 2005, are included as Appendix VI to this
plan, and are incorporated herein by reference.
P.71 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support the land use densities that are
specified on the future land use map of this plan. These densities will minimize
damage from natural hazards and support the hazard mitigation plan.
Implementing Actions:
I.53 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will continue to enforce its Floodplain
Ordinance and participate in the National Flood Insurance Program. It will rely on
the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of
Coastal Management to monitor and regulate development in areas up to five feet
above mean high water susceptible to sea level rise and wetland loss. Subdivision
regulations will be enforced requiring elevation monuments to be set so that
floodplain elevations can be more easily determined.. Schedule; Continuing
Activity.
I.54 The county will monitor development proposals for compliance with Section 404 of
the Clean Water Act and will continue to enforce local land use ordinances to
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regulate development of freshwater swamps, marshes, and 404 wetlands.
Schedule: Continuing Activity,
I.55 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia permit redevelopment of previously
developed areas, provided all applicable policies, regulations, and ordinances are
complied with. The county and town will encourage redevelopment as a means for
correcting housing problems, upgrading commercial structures, and historic
preservation (through rehabilitation and adaptive reuse). Redevelopment, including
infrastructure, should be designed to, withstand natural hazards. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
I.56 In response to possible sea level rise, Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will
review all local building and land use related ordinances and consider establishing
setback standards, density controls, bulkhead restrictions, buffer vegetation
protection requirements, and building designs which will facilitate the movement of
structures. Schedule: Continuing Activity,
I.57 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will use the future land use maps to
control development. These maps are coordinated with the land suitability map and
proposed infrastructure maps. Schedule: Continuing Activity,
7. Water Quality
a. Management Goal
Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will maintain, protect, and where possible
enhance water quality in all coastal wetlands, rivers, streams, and estuaries. This should include
a means of addressing the complex problems of planning for increased development and economic
growth while protecting and/or restoring the quality and intended uses of the basin's surface
waters.
b. Planning Objective
Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will adopt policies for coastal waters within Tyrrell
County to help ensure that water quality is maintained (if not impaired) and improved (if impaired).
C. Land Use Plan Requirements
The following provides Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia's policies/implementing
actions on water quality.
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Policies:
P.72 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support the guidelines of the Coastal Area
Management Act and the efforts and programs of the North Carolina Department
of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Coastal Management and the
Coastal Resources Commission to protect the coastal wetlands, estuarine waters,
estuarine shorelines, and public trust waters of Tyrrell County and the Town of
Columbia. It also supports the use of best management practices recommendations
of the United States Soil Conservation Service for both agricultural and forestry
areas.
P.73 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support conserving its surface
groundwater resources.
P.74 The county and the town support commercial and recreational fishing in its waters
and will cooperate with other local governments and state and federal agencies to
control pollution of these waters to improve conditions so that commercial and
recreational fishing will increase.
P.75 The county supports the reforestation of clear cut timber lands and the use of
forestry best management practices.
P.76 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia oppose the disposal of any toxic wastes,
as defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency's Listing of Hazardous
Substances and Priority Pollutants (developed pursuant to the Clean Water Act of
1977), within its planning jurisdiction.
P.77 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia recognize the value of water quality
maintenance to the protection of fragile areas and to the provision of clean water
for recreational purposes and supports the control of stormwater runoff to aid in the
preservation of water quality.
P.78 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support regulation of underground
storage tanks in order to protect its groundwater resources.
P.79 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support the policy that all State of North
Carolina projects should be designed to limit to the extent possible stormwater
runoff into coastal waters.
P.80 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support implementation of the Pasquotank
River Basin Water Quality Management Plan.
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P.81 The county supports protection of those waters known to be of the highest quality
or supporting biological communities of special importance.
P.82 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia oppose the installation of package
treatment plants and septic tanks or discharge of waste in any areas classified as
coastal wetlands, freshwater wetlands (404), or natural heritage areas. This policy
does not apply to constructed wetlands.
P.83 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support all aquaculture activities which
meet applicable federal, state, and local policies and permit requirements.
However, Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia reserve the right to comment
on all aquaculture activities which require Division of Water Quality permitting.
P.84 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia object to any discharge of water from
aquaculture activities that will degrade in any way the receiving waters. The county
objects to withdrawing water from aquifers or surface sources if such withdrawal
will endanger water quality or water supply from the aquifers or surface sources.
P.85 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support only aquaculture activities which
do not alter significantly and negatively the natural environment or coastal
wetlands, estuarine waters, and public trust areas.
P.86 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia do not support the location of floating
homes within its jurisdiction.
P.87 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support and will continue to enforce the
policies of the NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources Coastal
Stormwater Rules.
P.88 It is the policy of Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia to protect and/or repair
closed and conditionally closed shellfishing beds, where feasible. The county and
the town will rely on outside resources to achieve this effort.
Implementing Actions:
I.58 The county will comply with CAMA and NC Division of Environmental Management
stormwater runoff regulations, and by coordinating local development activities
involving chemical storage or underground storage tank installation/abandonment
with Tyrrell County Emergency Management personnel and the Groundwater
Section of the North Carolina Division of Environmental Management. The county
will plan for an adequate long-range water supply. In the planning process, Tyrrell
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County and the Town of Columbia will cooperate with adjacent counties to protect
water resources. Schedule; Continuing Activity,
I.59 The County will enforce its subdivision regulations to aid in protecting sensitive
shoreline areas. It will rely on state and federal agencies to promote and protect
the Palmetto -Pear Tree Preserve, the Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, and
the Pettigrew State Park, as well as other nursery areas, habitat areas, and coastal
reserves. Schedule; Continuing Activity.
I.60 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will rely on the technical requirements and
state program approval for underground storage tanks (40 CFR, Parts 280 and
281), and any subsequent state regulations concerning underground storage tanks
adopted during the planning period. Schedule; Continuing Activity,
I.61 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will continuously enforce, through the
development permitting process, all current regulations of the NC State Building
Code and North Carolina Division of Health Services relating to building construction
and septic tank installation/replacement in areas with soils restrictions. Schedule. -
Continuing Activity.
I.62 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will implement the following actions
through local ordinances to improve water quality.
• Use watershed -based land use planning
• Protect sensitive natural areas, including coastal wetlands
• Establish buffer network
• Minimize impervious cover in site design
• Limit erosion during construction
• Maintain coastal growth measures
• Restoration of impaired waters
• Management of the cause and sources of pollution to ensure the protection
of those waters currently supporting their uses allowing for reasonable
economic growth.
• Reduction of nutrients in Tyrrell County waters.
Schedule; Review local ordinances annually,
I.63 Preservation of wetlands is important to the protection/improvement of water
quality in Tyrrell County. The following will be implemented:
• Consider preservation of large wetland areas (> one acre) in a natural state
to protect their environmental value. Schedule; Continuing Activity,
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• Coordinate all development review with the appropriate office of the US
Army Corps of Engineers and the Soil Conservation Service. Schedule:
Continuing Activity,
• Require that wetland areas be surveyed and delineated on all preliminary
and final subdivision plats. Schedule; Fiscal Year2009-2011.
• Encourage cluster development in order to protect sensitive natural areas.
Schedule; Fiscal Year 2009-2011, revision to subdivision
ordinances
• Make wetlands acquisition a priority in future expansions of Tyrrell County
and Town of Columbia parks and recreation areas. Schedule; Continuing
Activity,
I.64 Tyrrell County will regulate the location of aquaculture activities through the
potential development of a county -wide zoning ordinance. Schedule; Fiscal Year
2009-2011.
I.65 The Town of Columbia will develop a local ordinance and a waterfront development
plan to regulate the development of mooring fields. Schedule; Fiscal Year
2010-2011.
8. Local Areas of Concern
a. Management Goal
Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will integrate local concerns with the overall goals
of CAMA in the context of land use planning.
b. Planning Objective
Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will identify and address local concerns and
issues, such as cultural and historic areas, scenic areas, economic development, or general health
and human services needs.
C. 1. Land Use Plan Requirements
The following provides Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia's policies/implementing
actions on local areas of concern. All policies are continuing activities.
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Policies - Cultural, Historic, and Scenic Areas:
P.89 The county supports local, state, and federal efforts,to protect historic properties
within its borders and to perpetuate its cultural heritage.
P.90 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia supports protection and preservation of
all protected natural areas which have both historic and environmental significance.
Implementing Actions - Cultural, Historic, and Scenic Areas:
I.66 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will guide development so as to protect
historic and potentially historic properties in the county and to perpetuate the
county's cultural heritage. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.67 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia shall coordinate all housing code
enforcement/redevelopment projects with the NC Division of Archives and History,
to ensure that any significant architectural details or buildings are identified and
preserved. Schedule: Continuing Activity,
I.68 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will coordinate all county public works
projects with the NC Division of Archives and History, to ensure the identification
and preservation of significant archaeological sites. Schedule: Continuing
Activity,
Policies - Economic Development:
P.91 Tourism is important to Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia and will be
supported by the county and town.
P.92 The county will encourage development in Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia
to protect the county's resources, preserve its rural atmosphere, and simultaneously
promote industrial and retail growth.
P.93 The county will encourage industrial and commercial development in areas with
existing infrastructure that does not infringe on existing medium density residential
areas.
P.94 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support the extension of water services
from existing systems and encourages the use of central services for new
developments whether residential, commercial, or industrial in nature.
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P.95 The county supports the location of staging areas and support facilities for energy
related activities, particularly exploration.
Implementing Actions - Economic Development:
I.69 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will continue to support the activities of
the North Carolina Division of Travel and Tourism; specifically, the monitoring of
tourism -related industry, efforts to promote tourism -related commercial activity, and
efforts to enhance and provide shoreline resources. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.
I.70 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will continue to support the activities of
the Partnership For The Sounds in their efforts to promote tourism and protect the
sensitive eco-system within the county. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.71 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will support projects that will increase
public access to shoreline areas. Schedule: Continuing Activity,
I.72 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will support North Carolina Department
of Transportation projects to improve access to and within the county. Schedule;
Continuing Activity.
I.73 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will support the following in the pursuit
of industrial development:
• Encourage placement of new industrial development to have minimum
adverse effect on the county's ecosystem and by encouraging areas of
concentrations of such uses be considered first when suitable infrastructure
is available consistent with the growth policy of the future land development
map. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
• The Town of Columbia will re -zone additional parcels for industrial and
commercial use along existing growth corridors with adequate infrastructure
existing or planned and, when the need is demonstrated, provide a
consistent growth policy with amendments to the future land development
map when revision is needed. Schedule; Continuing Activity.
Policies - General Health and Human Services Needs:
P.96 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support the continued public provision of
solid waste disposal, law enforcement, and educational services to all citizens of the
county.
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P.97 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia oppose the establishment of military
outlying landing fields (OLFs) within the coastal plain of eastern North Carolina.
The county acknowledges that this policy is not enforceable; however, it is
necessary to outline a position within the context of the land use plan.
P.98 The county supports local, state, and federal efforts to minimize the adverse impact
of man-made hazards within its borders. Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia
will use its development controls and will rely on state and federal agencies with
jurisdiction to minimize the impact of man-made hazards.
P.99 In an effort to improve health conditions, Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia
support the following water and sewer policies:
• Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support the extension of central
water service into all areas of the county shown on the land suitability
analysis map as suitable for development, including the construction of lines
to and through conservation areas to serve development which meets all
applicable state and federal regulations. Construction of utility lines through
conservation areas should only be permitted if no alternative exists. The
location of utilities within defined conservation areas should not result in
increased development potential.
• The county is aware that inappropriate land uses near well fields increase
the possibility of well contamination. Land uses near groundwater sources
are regulated by the North Carolina Division of Environmental Management
through NCAC Subchapter 2L and Subchapter 2C. Tyrrell County and the
Town of Columbia recognize the importance of protecting potable water
supplies, and therefore support the enforcement of these regulations.
• Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support all efforts to secure
available state and federal funding for the construction and/or expansion of
public and private water/sewer systems.
• Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia support the construction of water
systems with adequate line sizes to ensure adequate water pressure and fire
protection.
• Tyrrell County will continue to provide water services to county residents
and will continue the process of studying the role of county government in
providing sewage treatment facilities for rapidly growing areas of the
county, including the construction of lines to and through conservation areas
to serve development which .meets all applicable state and federal
regulations. The county will secure federal and state grants, when feasible,
to help carry out this policy.
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P.100 Tyrrell County opposes the location of US Army Corps of Engineers 404 wetland
mitigation sites resulting from development outside of Tyrrell County. This policy
is intended to protect the tax base of the County.
Implementing Actions - General Health and Human Services Needs:
I.74 The county will investigate, with the Institute of Government, the use of impact fees
as a way of making new development pay for the services demanded. Schedule. -
Fiscal Year 2009-2011,
I.75 The county will seek educational grants to subsidize continuing education at nearby
colleges and universities and support community education programs. Schedule:
ReviewAnnually,
I.76 Floodplain regulation is a concern in Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia. To -
accomplish protection of public health and service needs, Tyrrell County and the
Town of Columbia will: _
• Continue to enforce the flood hazard reduction provisions of the Tyrrell
County and Town of Columbia Land Development Ordinances.
• Prohibit the installation of underground storage tanks in the 100-year
floodplain.
• Prohibit the development of any industry within the 100-year floodplain that
may pose a risk to public health and safety. Such industries may include
but not be limited to: chemical refining and processing, petroleum refining
and processing, hazardous material processing, or storage facilities.
Schedule: Continuing Activities
I.77 To effectively manage Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia's investment in
existing and proposed community facilities and services, the county will:
• Develop a specific capital improvements plan (CIP) with emphasis placed on
services and facilities which affect growth and development. Schedule:
Fiscal Year 2010-2012.
• Provide the Tyrrell County Board of Education with locational information on
all residential development. Schedule; Continuing Activity.
In concert with the Tyrrell County Board of Education, develop a plan for the
protection of future school sites. Schedule; Fiscal Year 2010-201.1.
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I.78 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will provide sufficient emergency services
to all residents. The county will implement the following:
• Require that all necessary infrastructure firefighting capability/capacity be
provided in new subdivisions and developments. Schedule: Continuing
Activity,
• Continue to maintain an effective signage and addressing system for all
streets, roads, and highways. Schedule: Continuing Activity,
I.79 Tyrrell County will work with NC State Legislators to formulate local legislation to
address the use of property located within Tyrrell County for 404 wetland mitigation
sites for development occurring outside of the County, as long as there is a direct
benefit to the taxpayers of Tyrrell County (jobs, spin off businesses, etc). Current
regulatory conditions continue to result in large tracts of land within the County
being acquired for 404 mitigation. This action results in a direct reduction to
County property tax revenues.
Implementing Actions - Funding Options:
I.80 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will continue to support state and federal
programs that are deemed necessary, cost-effective, and within the administrative
and fiscal capabilities of Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia. Schedule:
Continuing Activity, These include:
• Community Development Block Grant Program
• Area Agency on Aging
• Emergency Medical Services
• JTPA Work Program
• Farmer's Home House Preservation Program
• Coastal Area Management Act, including shoreline access funds
• Small Business Association
• Economic Development Administration Funds
• Farmer's Home Administration Federal Grant Program
• Federal Emergency Management Program
• Aid to Families with Dependent Children
• MEDICAID
• Day Care
• Crisis Intervention
• Parks and Recreation Trust Fund (PARTF)
I.81 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will selectively support state and federal
programs related to Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia. The town and
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county, through its boards, commissions, and committees, will monitor state and
federal programs and regulations. It will use opportunities as they are presented
to voice support for or to disagree with programs and regulations that are proposed
by state and federal agencies. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.82 Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia officials will continue to work with the
Army Corps of Engineers and any other state and federal agencies to ensure
continued dredging and maintenance of channels and rivers as needed to keep
these facilities open to navigation. These efforts shall comply with applicable state
and federal regulations. Providing borrow or spoil areas and provision of easements
for work will be determined on case -by -case basis. The county would encourage
spoil material being placed on those areas where easements for such use already
exist. Channel maintenance has major economic significance and is worthy of state
and federal funding. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
E. FUTURE LAND USE
1. Introduction
The growth pressure in Tyrrell County is expected to primarily occur either within the planning
jurisdiction of the Town of Columbia, or within unincorporated portions of the county where central
services are planned or currently exist. Currently, central water and sewer service is available
within a majority of Columbia's planning jurisdiction, while central services within the county are
fairly limited. As noted earlier within the plan, the county is working on extending services to a
majority of the Scuppernong Township. This expansion will result in some increased development;
however, growth in a majority of the County will continue to rely on either on -site septic systems
or package treatment plant facilities.
Currently, Tyrrell County does not have any adopted zoning regulations. The county's current land
development code consists primarily of subdivision regulations, floodplain regulations, and
enforcement of NC DCM Coastal Area Management Act development regulations. Subsequent to
adoption and certification of this plan, the county will consider adoption of a comprehensive zoning
code thatwill focus on maintaining the rural nature of the county.
Through development of a zoning code, Tyrrell County should incorporate the concept of "smart
growth". In reality, this concept is not a new idea. It is simply the blending of many existing
ideas. The policies and implementing actions contained in this plan are intended to be supportive
of smart growth. Additionally, the Town of Columbia should consider reviewing current zoning and
subdivision regulations in an effort to implement some of the smart growth principles outlined
below.
Smart growth adheres to six basic principles which are described below, and should be reviewed
and acknowledged throughout the implementation of this plan:
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Principle I - Efficient Use of Land Resources. Smart growth supports the preservation of land and
natural resources. These benefits result from compact building forms, in -fill development, and
moderation in street and parking standards. Compact building patterns preserve land for town and
neighborhood parks as well as local woods and wetlands. Furthermore, compact development
shortens trips, lessening dependence on the automobile, and therefore reducing levels of energy
consumption and air pollution. Finally, a compact development pattern supports more cost-
effective infrastructure than does low -density fringe development.
Principle 2 - Full Use of Urban Services. The same frugality of land development supports efficient
use of public and private infrastructure. Smart growth means creating neighborhoods where more
people will use existing services like water lines and sewers, roads, emergency services, and
schools. Inefficient land use, whether within or outside urban areas, places a financial strain on
communities trying to provide for the construction and maintenance of infrastructure needs.
Building compactly does not mean that all areas must be densely developed. Rather, the goal is
an average density for the area, at a level that makes full use of urban services. Averaging allows
for areas to have a mix of low-, medium-, and high -density development. Mixing densities to
encourage efficient use of services also means requiring a high level of building and siting
compatibility, encouraging neighborhoods to have both character and privacy.
Careful street sizing and the accommodation of some parking on streets reduces impervious
surfaces and efficiently uses urban services by saving on land acquisition, construction, and
maintenance costs. In short, streets should be sized for their use: lower density areas that have
little through traffic are best served by slower, narrower streets, while transportation corridors that
move district -wide traffic need wider travelways.
Principle 3 -Mix of Uses. Locating stores, offices, residences, schools, and recreation spaces within
walking distance of each other in compact neighborhoods with pedestrian -oriented streets
promotes:
• independence of movement, especially for the young and the elderly who can
conveniently walk, cycle, or ride transit;
• safety in commercial areas, through around -the -clock presence of people;
• reduction in auto use, especially for shorter trips;
• support for those who work at home, through nearby services and parks; and
• a variety of housing choices, so that the young and old, singles and families, and
those of varying economic ability may find places to live.
Mixed -use examples include a corner store in a residential area, an apartment near or over a shop,
and a lunch counter in an industrial zone. Most codes prohibit the co -location of any residential
and commercial buildings. This prohibition is based on the functional and architectural
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incompatibility of the buildings. Using design standards, in tandem with mixed -use zoning,
overcomes incompatibility. Additionally, limitations on commercial functions, such as hours of
operation and delivery truck access, may be necessary. More fundamentally, to gain the full
benefits of a mix of uses, buildings must be conveniently connected by streets and paths.
Otherwise, people will still be inclined or required to use cars, even for the shortest trips.
Principle 4 - Transportation Options: Transportation must be safe, convenient, and interesting.
These performance factors affect sidewalk and street design, placement of parking, and location
of building fronts, doors, and windows. Well -designed bike lanes and sidewalks protect people
from vehicle accidents. Orienting windows and doorways to the sidewalk increases awareness of
street activity and the safety of the streetscape.
Convenience begins with a connected network of streets that provides alternative routes with
reasonable walking distances between destinations. A properly designed network also promotes
neighborhood safety by,routing the heaviest traffic around neighborhoods, without sacrificing street
connectivity.
Providing compact, mixed -use development connected by safe, convenient, and interesting
networks of streets and paths promotes:
walking, cycling, and transit as viable, attractive alternatives to driving;
• less traffic congestion and air pollution;
• the convenience, density, and variety of uses necessary to support transit;
• a variety of alternative routes, thereby dispersing traffic congestion; and
• lower traffic speeds, making neighborhoods safer.
Principle 5 - Detailed, Human -Scale Design: Community acceptance of compact, mixed -use
development requires compatibility between buildings to ensure privacy, safety, and visual
coherency. Similar massing of buildings, orientation of buildings to the street, the presence of
windows, doors, porches, and other architectural elements, and effective use of landscaping all
contribute to successful compatibility between diverse building types.
Human -scale design is also critical to the success of streets and paths as preferred routes for
pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists alike. In general, smart street design considers the role of
pedestrians along with that of vehicular traffic, emphasizing the quality of the walking environment.
For instance, parallel parking may be considered a hindrance to vehicle flow, but, for pedestrians
and shop owners, on -street parking is a benefit because it reduces speeding traffic and protects
the sidewalks.
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Designing streets that are balanced for pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists promotes the
development of community through the informal meeting of neighbors. Neighborhood safety is
improved, since neighbors can more easily come to know one another and watch over each other's
homes.
Principle 6- DevelopmentReview.-Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia's ability to adopt smart
growth principles will, of necessity, require an examination of its development review process.
Primarily, the review should focus on ways that the review process can be streamlined so that
developers are encouraged to apply the principles. Frustrating, costly, and time-consuming delays
due, in part, to inflexible standards, regulations, and processes will discourage innovative
approaches to development and design. Providing for flexibility and certainty in the application of
standards, including provision for performance standards and administrative approval of "minor"
variances, can help promote creative development that complies with the principles. Effective use
of Planned Unit Developments (PUDs) can also relieve some of the regulatory barriers for
developers and lighten the administrative load for planners, as can adopting a flexible process for
applying design review standards.
While the smart growth concept may not be suited to every community, it will support Tyrrell
County's objective of preserving its natural resources by encouraging the development of
neighborhoods and communities that may be "self sustaining."
The following provides examples of some of the development concepts associated with smart
growth:
• Preserve Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia's open space and agricultural areas,
historically significant structures, landmarks, and other features which reflect its heritage.
Figure 1: Simple site planning techniques for
protecting the scenic character of rural roads
include maintaining (or establishing) a wooded
no -cut buffer along the front lot line and angling
driveways so that lawns, houses, and garages
are not directly visible from the road. Combined
with deep front setbacks for construction, such
approaches could become design requirements
in a scenic roads overlay zone. Where such
principles remain guidelines rather than
enforceable standards, conventional clearing
and siting patterns can be expected to continue,
as illustrated in the bottom half of this sketch.
Maintain wooded buffer along road.
Consider special features (stone wails, large trees)
when shaping lots and clearings.
� r _
Clear cutting houselots to road edge is not recommended.
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• Discourage strip commercial development on major collector roads that allow each lot to
have direct vehicular access to the highway.
Figure 2: Connecting rear parking lots allows customers to drive to many other shops in the corridor
without re-entering the highway and interrupting traffic flow. Such arrangements can be required
for new development, expansion of existing buildings, and redevelopment.
Figure 3: Two alternatives for arranging commercial development along a rural highway: strip
versus nodes. Within the node, stores are located toward the front of their lots, with interconnected
rear parking provision.
ceom.rcW dov.loprI dashed
y � + &read dN eroe.oads de M.Iaadlm
rrr t♦ ExWJng Own expanded toward W.N.
�ee
EslNirg store .xpwdsd toPaddnp moved to side and row. 16
r t
am Nds. PwWN wW.n.d (� In frore of bulWMp.. y Bukonps do" to sMN.
' .. P&ddnp saoamd N be&
New Commercial ercial Structures Prwwvad open apace.
spread out &loop tM road.
Haphavrd Roadside S rn awt preferred Nodal Pattern
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• Encourage and preserve agricultural and forestland to protect the future of farming in
Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia.
Figure 4: Two of the nation's first county -wide zoning regulations requiring developers to employ
"open space design" techniques were adopted by Isle of Wight County, Virginia. These sketches
illustrate two options under the new ordinance, where development density is limited to one dwelling
per ten acres: preserving 50 percent of a 100-acre farm with 10 five -acre lots, or preserving 70
percent open space with 20 lots of 1.5 acres each. Source: Redman -Johnston Associates, Easton,
Maryland.
ACa FR8APOK0 �I OnewTA:
' V GG f411Y Rn:LD! J
�* I
2
07 P t
to
O _ j�FNRE R!
aiCYl -O OPTION •A• L
to- a acre lots
sox Of site maintained
In epee apses/
agrkrdtvel acre
ALTERNATIVE M.8— COYCEFT FLAB
AAOOIIIIKULTURAL FROTECTe)R OOTMT
Figure 5: On unwooded sites, such as
open fields or pastures, it is even more
important to encourage (or require)
clustering of new development. Even on
relatively shallow sites, where there is
little opportunity to locate homes far
from the road, such as against a distant
treeline, clustering principles can help
reduce roadside clutter and preserve
some open vistas. These three
sketches, from ManagingChange: A Pilot
Study in Rural Design and Planning
(Doble, et al., 1992) show techniques
being advocated by the Tug Hill
Commission in upstate New York, where
the cost of constructing paved
subdivision streets operates as a strong
disincentive for rural landowners to
subdivide their property in any way
other than through "strip lots" along
existing public roads. This example
shows several gravel -surfaced shared
driveways, built to standards appropriate
for the amount of traffic they must
accommodate.
:K --- M
KO Ma DATA:
° FARY FIELOa w.
I
a
0
/
e
/ 4•
;ii a
'20 • is
a
`�y�.7
to ;,;, /.
12 ts.
t
itG FFJ1
OPTION•C'
20- La we lots
70% Of site maintained
In open apse$/
_
egneultural we
ALTMNATIVE OEIT YET CONCEPT FLAY
A KWLTUNAL MOTECT*N OYTRICT
Road y�
LHedge,
Woods BulldingsgJ
A I
Farm
Buildings
Six 'Frontage Lots•
e J
-- '
Farm --/
--� Buildings
Sevan•Lot Residential Cluster
c
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• Reduce traffic congestion and safety problems.
Figure 6: Conventional development with poor connectivity: travel requires use of the collector
streets, causing congestion and discouraging pedestrians and cyclist (top). Smart growth with
interconnected street system, allowing a variety of transportation options and shorter trips (bottom).
Mall Apartments Houses
I I
D D D D D D
D D
a
2. Future Land Use Maps
0
Table 47 summarizes the acreages for the future land uses depicted on Maps 17A and 17B (see
Appendix II) through 2025. These acreages summarize the total area of the depicted future land
uses throughout Tyrrell County; however, these maps are not intended to indicate total "build -out".
All future land use acreages are based on the suitability of land for development and not forecast
market demand for future acreages. The land use categories and estimated average
densities/parcels are indicated by the definitions outlined in Section VI.E.3. The identified uses
are those which are to be encouraged by any future adopted zoning. The future land use
map must include the following:
• Areas and locations planned for conservation or open space and a description of
compatible land uses and activities.
• Areas and locations planned for future growth and development with descriptions
of the following characteristics:
• Predominant and supporting land uses that are encouraged in each area;
• Overall density and development intensity planned for each area; and
• Infrastructure required to support planned development in each area.
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• Land use which reflects existing and planned infrastructure.
• Reflect the information depicted on the Land Suitability Analysis (Map 13A & 1313).
It should be understood that the forecast of future land use and associated density/acreages is
extremely difficult due to the following:
• There is no zoning within the county.
• Existing water and sewer systems are not expected to undergo any significant
expansions during the planning period.
• Septic tanks and package treatment plants will continue to provide sewer treatment
throughout most of the county, resulting in low -density development in all areas
except the Town of Columbia.
• Outside of the Town of Columbia and the Scuppernong Township, growth and
development is expected to be widely scattered.
The future land use maps are intended to depict where the various types of land uses will
be acceptable. NOTE: 15A NCAC 713 guidelines require that the future land use map not exceed
the projected need plus 50%. Tyrrell County qualifies for an exception because it is a slow -growth
Tier I county, which allows for greater flexibility to provide for growth and economic development.
The following table provides the future land use acreages depicted on Maps 17A and 17B.
Table 47. Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia Future Land Use Acreages
Tyrrell County
Acres,
% of Total
US 64 Mixed Use
3,911.06
1.6%
Conservation
83,939.31
33.7%
Residential -Agricultural
128,010.18
51.4%
Residential
25,012.39
10.0%
Residential with Services
8,214.25
3.3%
Total
249,087.18
100.0%
Corporate Limits
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction
Town of Columbia
Acres
% of Total
Acres
% of Total
Mixed Use
48.13
7.6%
1.31
0.1%
Low Density Residential
411.15
65.1%
2,411.74
99.5%
Medium Density Residential
157.46
24.9%
0.01
0.0%
High Density Residential
14.62
2.3%
9.88
0.4%
Total
631.36
100.0%
2,422.92
100.0%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
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3. Locational Aspects of Land Use
The following section will categorize/define allowable uses and net density for each future land use
district outlined on Maps 17A and 17B. Due to the fact that Tyrrell County does not currently
enforce zoning regulations, these criteria have been developed to agree with standards outlined
within the County's current subdivision regulations.
Tare/I County Future Land Use Categories
a. Conservation
The Conservation land use category includes land and water areas which are environmentally
sensitive and important to the future of Tyrrell County. Such areas include fragile areas, areas of
environmental concern, open space, heritage areas, protected lands, and protected recreational
areas. Intensive use of these areas for residential; commercial, or industrial purposes will not be.
permitted. Development of commercial, industrial, and multi -unit residential uses adjacent to land
designated as conservation will require the establishment of a 100-foot riparian along the project
boundary. This buffer will serve to reduce stormwater runoff and pollutants from impacting
environmentally sensitive areas.
Appropnate uses: Parks, playgrounds, open space, campsites, greenways, hunting clubs,
and certain agricultural uses, eco-tourism operations, single-family residential development,
and development of federal, state, and local community facilities. _
Inappropriate uses: Any intensive development (to be determined by the Tyrrell County
Planning Board).
Allowable densities: Recommended at one unit per acre; however, this standard may be
modified based on the relative impact of a proposed development.
Maximum height.• 35 feet.
Minimum lot size: 1 acre.
Buffering Requirements: Development of all commercial, industrial, and multi -unit
residential development will require the establishment of a 100-foot riparian buffer along
project boundaries.
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b. Residential
.Residential land uses have been divided into three separate land use categories based on
associated residential densities, proximity to large scale farming operations, and the availability of
central services. These categories include residential/agricultural, rural residential,. and medium -
density. The following provides a detailed overview of the development criteria associated with
each district:
(1) Residential/Agricultural
The purpose of the Residential/Agricultural district is to preserve large areas in which
most lands are, or have a high potential to be actively farmed in an economically sustainable
manner. Residential development shall be permitted within this district; however, residential
communities will be required to provide a vegetative buffer between existing agricultural property
and proposed subdivision developments. This requirement is intended to mitigate the impact of
existing farming operations on residential growth. Agriculture is an integral part of the County's
economy, and therefore must be protected as a resource in light of increased development. In
areas .classified as Residential/Agricutltural, the County will:
• Promote the retention, expansion, and new development of agricultural uses, as
appropriate to the land's potential;
• Accommodate the development of land uses that directly support existing
agricultural uses and need to be, or are customarily, located on the same site as the
agricultural use they support (such as housing for the farmer and extended family,
housing for farm laborers, barns, silos, access roads, storage of farm or forestry
equipment, preparation of crops and livestock products for market);
• Generally limit development of land uses unrelated to agricultural uses to other
predominantly open space land uses, and prohibit development of other land uses -
particularly those uses that might preclude the future use or productivity of the land
for agricultural use - or strictly limit any such development at such very low
intensities as will ensure retention of sufficient contiguous open space to allow
continued or future agricultural use;
• Ensure that any allowed development unrelated to agricultural uses is clustered, or
otherwise sited and designed, so as to maximize the continued availability of
productive farmland or forestland and minimize conflicts with existing or potential
agricultural uses;
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• Ensure that development unrelated to agricultural or forestry uses retains and
incorporates existing features that define the area's rural character (such as barns,
silos, tree lines, farm roads, stream crossings, significant vegetation).
• Promote the use of Best Management farming practices that help conserve the
land's physical capacity for future agricultural and forestry production.
Appropriate uses: Agricultural and forestry preservation/production activities; uses
supportive of agricultural/forestry production; low density residential; scattered, clustered,
limited commercial convenience and service establishments intended to serve the
immediate surrounding area.
Inappropriate Uses: Medium to high intensity residential development, industrial
development unrelated to farming activities, commercial development serving more than
the immediate surrounding area, uses detrimental to agricultural/forestry production.
Allowable Densities. Without sewer - 3 dwelling units per acre; with sewer - 4 dwelling units
per acre.
Maximum heir 35 feet.
Minimum lot size: Without sewer — 15,000 square feet; with sewer - 12,000 square feet.
It should be noted that sites served by an onsite package treatment plan will be treated as
if central sewer service is available.
Buffering Requirements. Development of all multi -unit residential developments will require
the establishment of a minimum 20 foot buffer focused on mitigating the impacts of large
scale farming operations.
(2) Rural Residential
The purpose of the rural residential district is to preserve undeveloped or sparsely
developed lands not classified as Residential/Agricultural that significantly contribute to the
recognition or impression of rural character (being "in the country'). Within areas of the county
classified as Rural Residential, farming operations are more sparse and generally smaller in size and
scope than within the residential/agricultural district. The county has experienced a greater level
of development activity within this district. It is anticipated that land will experience a more rapid
development pattern, especially along waterfront portions of the county. In areas classified as
rural residential, the County will:
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• Promote the retention or development of agriculture, parks, outdoor recreational,
and other predominantly open space land uses;
Strictly limit new development unrelated to predominantly open space land uses to
scattered residential development at low to medium intensities (conforming to those
typical of rural areas), and in which open space is the dominant feature;
• Encourage such development to be clustered, or otherwise sited and designed, so
as to maximize the amount of open space on the site and maintain the impression
of the site as predominantly open space;
• Support/encourage development which will preserve the district's rural character to
passers-by — that is, ensure that roads, utilities, and new structures are sited and
designed so as to avoid substantial modification to topography, significant
vegetation, and other natural features; and
• Ensure that development unrelated to predominantly open space land uses retains
and incorporates existing features that define the area's rural character (such as
barns, silos, tree lines, farm roads, stream crossings, significant vegetation).
It should be noted that this category includes extensive wetlands which may impact
local development decisions. This land use category primarily includes areas which do not have
central sewer service. However, some low -density residential areas may have access to central
sewer service subsequent to the installation of services within the scuppernong township. Such
areas will be considered traditional and may. be reclassified to residential as infrastructure
development continues to occur.
Appropriate uses. Agricultural and forestry preservation/production activities, uses
supportive of agricultural/forestry production, low density residential, scattered clustered
local commercial activity centers including convenience and service establishments intended
to serve the immediate surrounding area.
Inappropriate Uses. Medium to high intensity residential development, uses detrimental to
rural residential development, industrial development, large commercial development's
serving more than the immediate surrounding area, uses detrimental to agricultural/forestry
production.
Allowable densities: Without sewer - 3 dwelling units per acre; with sewer - 4 dwelling units
per acre. .
Maximum height.• 35 feet.
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Minimum lotsize: Without sewer - 15,000 square feet; with sewer - 12,000 square feet.
Buffering Requirements: None required unless adjacent to property designated as
conservation.
(3) Residential
The purpose of the residential land use category is to provide for stable
predominantly single-family residential areas which may also accommodate planned multi -family
developments and some limited commercial service uses. Residential areas should have access to
central water and sewer services. The county will aim to implement the development goals
outlined under the rural residential district within these portions of the county; however,
development within this district is expected to occur at higher densities due to the provision of
central services. The following outlines development criteria for the residential land use district.
A pMpriate uses. Medium density residential, multi -family residential, local commercial
activity centers including convenience and service establishments, and public
facilities/activities, light industrial uses, institutional uses, recreational uses, and community
service facilities.
L22ppropriate uses. Heavy industrial development, large commercial development serving
more than the immediate surrounding area, and uses detrimental to medium density
residential and multi -family development.
Allowable densities: 4 dwelling units per acre with sewer; 3 dwelling units per acre without
sewer.
Maximum height.• 35 feet.
Minimum lot size: Without sewer - 15,000 square feet; with sewer - 12,000 square feet.
Buffering Requirements: None required unless adjacent to property. designated as
conservation.
C. US 64 Mixed Use Growth Corridor
The US 64 Mixed Use Growth Corridor is intended to provide a land use district that allows
for a wide range of uses aimed at addressing development demands related to economic
development and residential growth. Existing development along this corridor is comprised of a
mix of uses including: single family residential development, industrial uses, institutional uses,
regional commercial use, and service based establishments. As the county continues to experience
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growth it is imperative that this corridor allow for development in response to market demands.
It is anticipated that over the next twenty years, Tyrrell County will experience growth stemming
from the County's close proximity to the beach communities of the Outer Banks. As this scenario
unfolds, development along the US 64 corridor is expected to increase substantially. Development
along this corridor should be open for all proposed uses; however, future development proposals
should include a minimum thirty foot buffer from the property line falling adjacent to US 64. This .
buffer will help maintain the rural character of the county, while requiring proposed to development
to acknowledge a setback factor in the absence of zoning regulations.
Appropriate uses: Medium density residential and multi -family residential only with
submittal of a PUD development plan, local commercial activity centers including
convenience and service establishments, public facilities/activities, light industrial uses,
Heavy industrial uses, institutional uses, recreational uses, and community service facilities.
Inappropriate uses. All uses determined to be detrimental to the future development of
adjacent properties, as well as the county overall.
Allowable densities: 4 dwelling units per acre for residential development; 1 unit per acre
for non-residential development.
Maximum height:• 35 feet.
Minimum lot size: Without sewer - 15,000 square feet; with sewer - 12,000 square feet.
Development of non-residential uses requires a minimum of one acre.
Buffering Requirements: A 30-foot vegetative buffer is required of all new development with
road frontage on US Highway 64. The required buffer should be noted on all development
plans, and all required bufferyards shall be planted prior to the issuance of a certificate of
occupancy for all projects subject to this requirement.
d. Rural Mixed Use Nodes
. Rural mixed use nodes have been located at key intersections throughout the County.
These nodes are intended to allow for relaxed development land use standards that will promote
the establishment of service based and retail uses aimed at serving surrounding rural portions of
the County. The following outlines the detailed development criteria for the Rural Mixed Use
Nodes:
Appropriate uses: single-family housing, retail uses, office and institutional uses, community
service facilities, recreational facilities.
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Inappropriate uses: Multi -family housing, industrial uses.
Allowable densities. 4 dwelling units per acre for residential development; 1 unit per acre
for non-residential development.
Maximum heiggh35 feet.
Minimum lot size: Without sewer - 15,000 square feet; with sewer - 12,000 square feet.
Development of non-residential, uses requires a minimum of one acre.
Buffering Requirements: None required.
Town of Columbia Future Land Use Cate oriel
a. Residential
This land use category comprises all moderate to high density housing developments within
the Town of Columbia. The density and respective minimum lot size for these properties has been
defined within this plan; however, all development taking place within the Town of Columbia must
comply with the town's zoning ordinance and subdivision regulations. Residential uses have been
broken down by allowable density. There are three separate districts outlined on the future land
use map: low, medium, and high density. The following outlines the development criteria for each
defined residential district:
Allowable Density:
Low Density - 3 units per acre (minimum lot size 15,000 square feet)
Medium Density - 6 units per acre (minimum lot size 7,000 square feet)
High Density - 12 units per acre (minimum lot size 3,500 square feet)
Maximum Building Heigh 56 feet.
Permitted Uses.
Low Density —Single-family residential development (this includes multi -family in the form
of townhouses and condominiums); light commercial development as permitted by the
Town of Columbia Zoning Ordinance).
Medium Density — Single-family detached dwellings (central sewer service required).
10/20/09 1 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 139

High Density —Single family detached dwelling (on -site wastewater treatment permitted).
Uses Not Permitted: Non-residential development (mixed use/commercial).
Buffering Requirements. None.
b. Mixed Use District
The mixed use future land use district is intended to promote a range of uses along the
US 64 corridor within the Town of Columbia. This four lane thoroughfare is heavily traveled, and
serves as the last opportunity for goods and services prior to reaching Manteo and the Outer Banks
Beach communities. It is anticipated that there will be an increase in retail development within
Columbia to support not only the permanent population base; but year round visitors to the Outer
Banks who enjoy the convenience of stopping through for goods and services.
As development along this corridor takes place, Columbia would like to improve the
aesthetic quality of US Highway 64 through requiring landscaping and bufferyards adjacent to the
highway. The town will consider amending the town's zoning ordinance to require that
development and redevelopment within the mixed use future land use district be required to install
at least a ten to twenty foot vegetated bufferyard. This requirement will be especially useful for
developments that involve industrial/commercial activities.
Appropriate uses. This district is intended to support a range of uses in an effort to
establish mixed use nodes aimed at providing a pedestrian friendly commercial center that
does not conflict with adjacent residential areas. This development shall include:
retail/commercial structures, mixed use development (i.e. residential above
commercial/office space), government support services, recreation facilities, open space
areas, transportation systems, parking areas.
Inappropriate uses: Heavy industrial uses.
Allowable densities: Without sewer - 3 units per acre; with sewer - 6 units per acre.
Maximum h!2. 56 feet.
Minimum lotsize: Without sewer - 15,000 square feet; with sewer - 7,000 square feet.
Buffering Requirements: Establishment of buffering requirements will be considered by the
Town's Planning Board and Board of Aldermen.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 140

4. Land Demand Forecast
,The land demand forecast section is intended to provide a snapshot of future demand for each land
use designation as outlined under the existing land use section of the plan. The existing land use
survey outlined on page 84 of the plan serves as the basis for these forecasts. Existing land use
acreages have been forecasted out through 2025 based on the population projections defined on
page 25 of the plan. The result of this analysis provides an anticipated demand for buildable land;
however, these are low growth forecast and should be updated on a periodic basis to account for
changes in market demands.
Each use outlined within the table below is permitted throughout the county; however,
development criteria do vary throughout the County. Details outlining development requirements
are outlined within the future land use section outlined above. It should be assumed that the
proposed development outlined within Table 48 will be scattered throughout the County: Currently
the only unincorporated portion of the County with central sewer service is the residential future
land use district. It is anticipated that residential growth within this district will be more rapid due
to the availability of central services. Development trends within other portions of the County
should be monitored to assess infrastructure needs, and aid the County in capital improvements
planning.
Table 48. Tyrrell County Future Land Demand Forecast
Existing Land
Use (acres)
2010
(acres)
2015
(acres)
2020
(acres)
2025
(acres)
% Growth
05-25
Residential* (4% growth rate)
2,471
2,570
2,672
2,780
2,891
17.0%
Commercial/O&I (2% growth rate)
880
898
916
934
953
8.3%
Recreation (2% growth rate)
260
265
271
276
281
8.1%
Industrial (1% growth rate)
1,200
1,212
1,224
1,236
1,249
4.1%
Farmland**
93,576
93,576
93,576
93,576
93,576
0.0%
Vacant/Forestland
127,146
127,012
126,874
126,731
126,583
-0.4%
Total
225,533
225,533
225,533
225,533
225,533
*This district includes the single-family residential, residential agricultural (less than 10 acres), and manufactured home
park existing land use districts.
**Farmland has been shown to experience zero growth. The County will aim to protect existing farmland, and if feasible
increase farming operations within the County. It should be noted that this district includes residential/agricultural parcels
greater than 10 acres on the existing land use map.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 141

Table 49. Town of Columbia Future Land Demand Forecast
Existing Land
Use (acres)
2010
(acres)
2015
(acres)
2020
(acres)
2025
(acres)
% Growth
05-25
Residential* (4.5% growth rate)
989
1,034
1,080
1,129
1,179
19.2%
Commercial/O&I**
168
171
175
178
182
8.3%
(2% growth rate)
Industrial (5% growth rate)
65
68
72
75
79
21.5%
Farmland***
535
535
535
535
535
0.0%
Vacant/Forestland/NWR
903
852
798
743
685
-24.1%
Total
21660
2,660
2,660
2,660
2,660
*This district includes the single-family residential, residential agricultural, manufactured home park, and multi -family
existing land use districts.
**It is anticipated that the majority of commercial and O&I growth will take place in the form of redevelopment.
***Farmland has been shown to experience zero growth. The County will aim to protect existing farmland, and if feasible
increase farming operations within the County.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
5. Infrastructure Carrying Capacity
The previous section outlines anticipated land use acreages through the year 2025 for the
unincorporated portions of Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia. The acreages have been
based on historical and anticipated land development trends and serve simply as estimates of what
can be anticipated with respect to development under each defined land use category. This section
expands on these estimates to make a determination of what impact this increased growth will
have on the county's existing water and sewer infrastructure systems.
a. Water system
As discussed earlier in the plan, Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia provide potable
water services to citizens throughout the County. The water system is discussed in detail on pages
57-59 and 89 of the plan. This section provides estimates of proposed water system demand over
the next fifteen to twenty years. These estimates have been compiled for residential land use only
within Tyrrell County and all land use districts within the Town of Columbia. Within unincorporated
portions the County, non-residential development is expected to have minimal impact on water
system demand.
The following summarizes the county's existing water system capacity vs. utilization and
provides estimates of increased demand based on the future land demand forecast summarized
on page 141. These forecast are based on average daily water usage rates established by the
American Water Works Association (AWWA).
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 142

Average Daily Water Usage Rates (GPD):
Residential - 170
Commercial/Office & Institutional - 100
Industrial - 100
Tyrrell County. Table 50 estimates the impact that increased residential development
may have on the Tyrrell County water system through the year 2025. These estimates assume an
average residential site area of 1.4 acres. This estimate was determined based on existing
residential development throughout the County. In order to establish a more realistic estimate,
parcels over ten acres coded on the existing land use map as residential/agricultural (RA) were not
factored into this calculation.
Current Water Capacity/Utilization:
Water System Capacity - 800,000 GPD
Capacity Currently Utilized - 295,000 GPD
% of System Utilized - 36.9%
Town of Columbia. Table 51 estimates the impact that increased residential and
commercial development may have on the Town of Columbia water system through the year 2025.
These estimates assume an average residential site area of 1.4 and a commercial site area of 1.3
acres. This estimate was determined based on existing residential development throughout the
Town. In order to establish a more realistic estimate, parcels coded on the existing land use map
as residential/agricultural (RA) were not factored into this calculation regardless of size.
Current Water Capacity/Utilization:
Water System Capacity - 500,000 GPD
Capacity Currently Utilized - 200,000 GPD
% of System Utilized - 40.0%
b. Sewer System
Forecast for sewer system demand have not been compiled. Details relating to central
sewer service is discussed on pages 59-60 and 89-90 of the plan. Tyrrell County is in the initial
stages of running sewer to portions of the County, but long term plans for further extension are
unclear at this point in time. The Town of Columbia is working towards expanding their municipal
system from 300,000 GPD to 600,000 GPD over the next few years. This increased capacity should
be adequate to meet the increased demand outlined on page 141-142.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 143

Table 50. Tyrrell County Infrastructure Demand Forecast Water System
2010
2015
2020
2025
Increased
Increased
Increased
Increased
Additional
GPD
Total GPD
Additional
GPD
Total GPD
Additional
GPD
Total GPD
Additional
GPD
Total GPD
Units
Capacity
Capacity
Units
Capacity
Capacity
Units
Capacity
Capacity
Units
Capacity
Capacity
Residential
71
12,070
307,070
74
12,580
309,650
76
12,920
322,570
79
13,430
336,000
*The impact of redevelopment efforts has not been factored into these forecast.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Table 51. Town of Columbia Infrastructure Demand Forecast Water System
2010
2015
2020
2025
Additional
Units
Increased
GPD
Capacity
Total GPD
Capacity
Additional
Units
Increased
GPD
Capacity
Total GPD
Capacity
Additional
Units
Increased
GPD
Capacity
Total GPD
Capacity
Additional
Units
Increased
GPD
Capacity
Total GPD
Capacity
Residential
32
5,440
N/A
33
5,610
N/A
35
5,950
N/A
36
6,120
N/A
Commercial/O&I
3
300
N/A
5.
500
N/A
5
500
N/A
5
500
N/A
Total
1 35
5,740
205,470
38
6,110
211,580
40
6,450
218,300
41
6,620
224,920
*The impact of redevelopment efforts has not been factored into these forecast..
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 144

SECTION VII. TOOLS FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT
A. GUIDE FOR LAND USE DECISION MAKING
It is intended that this document be an integral part of the Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia
decision making process concerning future land use. This statement is especially important
concerning the possible development of a zoning ordinance for Tyrrell County. This document
should be consulted prior to any decision being made. by Tyrrell County or the Town of Columbia
concerning land use and development, including the review and approval of subdivision plats.
B. EXISTING DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
The existing management program includes the following ordinances: Town of Columbia Zoning
Ordinance, Tyrrell County Subdivision Ordinance, Town of Columbia Subdivision Ordinance, Tyrrell
County Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance, Town of Columbia Flood Damage Prevention,
Ordinance, and Tyrrell County Multi -Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, (see Section V.D., Current
Land Use Plans and Policies, page 64).
C. ADDITIONAL TOOLS
Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia will use the following additional tools to implement this plan:
• Rely on the policies and implementing actions included in this plan and summarized in
Table 52.
• Revise this plan as water and wastewater treatment systems are expanded.
• Conduct annual training sessions for the Tyrrell County Planning Board and Board of
Commissioners.
• At a minimum, update the Land Use Plan and implementation process every six to seven
years.
• Revise the county's/town's subdivision ordinance to support the policies and implementing
actions contained in this plan.
• Prepare a Tyrrell County zoning ordinance.
• Prepare a capital improvements plan/program to address the following community
facilities/needs: water, sewer, stormwater, and transportation.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 145

D. ACTION PLAN/SCHEDULE
1. Citizen Participation
For the preparation of this plan, the Tyrrell County Board of Commissioners adopted a citizen
participation plan on August 16, 2005. A copy of that plan is included as Appendix L. In addition
to the implementation of this plan, Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia will implement the following
to ensure adequate citizen participation:
• Annually revise and update its land use citizen participation. plan.
• Encourage public participation in land use decisions and encourage citizen input via
its boards and commissions.
• Ensure that the membership of all planning related and ad hoc advisory committees
has a cross section of Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia citizenry.
2. Action Plan/Schedule
The following describes the priority actions that will be taken by Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia
to implement this CAMA Core Land Use Plan and the fiscal year(s) in which each action is
anticipated to begin and end. This action plan will be used to prepare the implementation status
report for the CAMA Land Use Plan.
Schedule
Begin
End
Policy References
Implementing Actions
P.1 - P.6
Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia will consider revising its
FY2009fFY2011
P.7 - P.17
respective zoning/subdivision ordinances to aid in implementation
P.18 - P.32
of the policies contained in this plan.
P.33 - P.40
P.60- P.66
P.72 - P.88
P.1 - P.6
Tyrrell County, in conjunction with the Town of Columbia, will
FY2009
FY2010
prepare a shoreline access plan and request Division of Coastal
Management funding for the preparation of the plan.
PA - P.6
Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia will work with Pettigrew State
FY2008
FY2010
Park to increase waterfront access opportunities along the
Scuppernong River
P.7 - P.17
The county will consider the merits of establishing a minimum
FY2009
FY2010
housing code to ensure that all occupied structures are fit for
human habitation.
P.7 - P.17
Tyrrell County will consider development of a county -wide zoning
FY2009
FY2011
P.18 - P.32
ordinance to aid in implementation of the policies contained in this
P.33 - P.40
plan.
P.72 - P.88
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 146

Schedule
Begin
End
Policy References
Implementing Actions
P.18 - P.32
Tyrrell County will work in conjunction with the Town of Columbia
FY2009
FY2015
to discuss the option of developing an industrial park.
P.41- P.46
Tyrrell County will consider adopting and enforcing a soil erosion
FY2010
FY2011
and sediment control ordinance for development sites less than
one acre.
P.41 - P.46
Tyrrell County will seek funding and technical assistance to
FY2010
FY2012
prepare a county -wide master drainage plan and develop a
stormwater management plan and ordinance.
P.41 - P.46
The Town of Columbia will consider adopting a landscaping
FY2010
FY2011
ordinance.
P.41 - P.46
Tyrrell County will implement a public education campaign
FY2007
FY2008
regarding the impacts of stormwater runoff.
P.47 - P.59
Tyrrell County will continue to implement the current central
FY2007
FY2010
sewer master plan.
P.47 - P.59
Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will consider revising
FY2009
FY2010
water and sewer extension policies.
P.47 - P.59
The County will consider adopting an operating and capital
FY2009
FY2011
financing plan for the development of water and sewer systems
outside of existing proposed water and sewer service areas.
P.60 - P.66
Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia will establish a
FY2009
FY2010
requirement for reverse frontage lots within subdivisions to orient
.lots towards internal subdivision streets, not secondary roads and
highways.
P.72 - P.88
Tyrrell County will require that wetland areas be surveyed and
FY2009
FY2011
delineated on all preliminary and final subdivision plats.
P.72 - P.88
The Town of Columbia will develop a local ordinance and a
FY2010
FY2011
waterfront development plan to regulate the development of
mooring fields.
P.96 - P.99
The County will investigate the use of impact fees as a way of
FY2009
FY2011
making development pay for the services demanded.
P.96 - P.99
To effectively manage Tyrrell County and the Town of Columbia's
FY2010
FY2012
investment in existing and proposed community facilities, the
county will: (1) Develop a specific capital improvements plan; (2)
Develop a plan for the protection of future school sites.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County LAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 147

E. RESOURCE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN/
. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF LAND USE PLAN POLICIES
Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia believes that the policies, management goals, planning
objectives, and land use plan requirements contained in this document will have positive impacts
for the county/town. However, such classification is extremely difficult. Any manmade/created
action is potentially negative or, at least, may have some adverse effects. It should be noted that
some policies and implementing actions rely partially or solely on state and federal rules. The
following could have some negative impacts:
• Some possible degradation of water quality within and adjacent to Tyrrell County's
jurisdiction.
• Infrastructure improvements which may extend through sensitive environmental areas.
• Increased development in some floodplain areas.
• Increased stormwater runoff.
The management objectives, policies, and implementing actions address the issues associated with
these possible negative impacts. Table 52 provides an analysis matrix which summarizes this
plan's policies and identifies them as beneficial, neutral, or detrimental. The following provides a
definition of these terms:
Beneficial. A policy or implementing action which is considered to improve the quality of
life and minimize or eliminate adverse environmental impacts.
Detrimental. A policy or implementing action which may have adverse cultural or
environmental impacts.
Neutral. No policies or implementing actions are considered neutral.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 148

Table 52. Tyrrell County Policy Analysis Matrix - Land Use Plan Management Topics
Policy Benchmarks
— Indicate whether the policy is beneficial
(B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D)
Infrastructure Carrying
Management Topics
Public Access
Land Use Compatibility
Capacity
Natural Hazards
Water Quality
Local Concerns
• more planned access
• reduction in habitat
• water, sewer, and other key
• land uses and
• land use and
• preservation of
locations
loss and fragmentation
community facilities and
development patterns
development criteria
cultural, historic, and
• upgrades to existing
related to impacts of
services being available in
that reduce vulnerability
and measures that
scenic areas
access locations
land use and
required locations at adequate
to natural hazards
abate impacts that
• support of economic
• increase pedestrian
development
capacities to support planned
• land uses and
degrade water quality
development
access
• reduction of water
community growth and
development patterns
• coordinate water
• development of
• comply with state access
resource and water
development patterns
that take into account
quality efforts with
human resources
standards to enhance
quality degradation
• during construction of
the existing and planned
Tyrrell County
• preservation of the
opportunities for state
• balance growth demands
infrastructure systems,
capacity of evacuation
County's rural
funding
with protection of the
AECs and other fragile
infrastructure
character
environment
areas should be protected
• minimize development in
• decrease residential
• transportation improvements
floodplains, AECs,
density within County
should support the efficiency
wetlands, and other
Land Use and
of traffic flow and pedestrian
fragile areas
Development Policies
safety
Public Access:
P.1
B
B
N
N
B
B
P.2
B
B
N
N
N
B
P.3
B
B
N
N
N
B
P.4
B
B
N
N
N
B
P.5
B
B
N
N
B
B
P.6
B
B
N
N
N
B
Land Use Compatibility:
P.7
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.8
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.9
N
B
B
B
N
B
P.10
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.11
N
B
B
B
N
B
P.12
B
B
B
N
N
B
P.13
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.14
N
B
B
N
N
B
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 149

Table 52 (continued)
Policy Benchmarks — Indicate whether the policy is beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D)
Infrastructure Carrying
Management Topics
Public Access
Land Use Compatibility
Capacity
Natural Hazards
Water Quality
Local Concerns
• more planned access
• reduction in habitat ,
• water, sewer, and other key
• land uses and
• land use and
• preservation of
locations
loss and fragmentation
community facilities and
development patterns
development criteria
cultural, historic, and
• upgrades to existing
related to impacts of
services being available in
that reduce vulnerability
and measures that
scenic areas
access locations
land use and
required locations at adequate
to natural hazards
abate impacts that
• support of economic
• increase pedestrian
development
capacities to support planned
• land uses and
degrade water quality
development
access
• reduction of water
community growth and
development patterns
• coordinate water
• development of
• comply with state access
resource and water
development patterns
that take into account
quality efforts with
human resources
standards to enhance
quality degradation
• during construction of
the existing and planned
Tyrrell County
• preservation of the
opportunities for state
• balance growth demands
infrastructure systems,
capacity of evacuation
County's rural
funding
with protection of the
AECs and other fragile
infrastructure
character
environment
areas should be protected
• minimize development in
• decrease residential
• transportation improvements
floodplains, AECs,
density within County
should support the efficiency
wetlands, and other
Land Use and
of traffic flow and pedestrian
fragile areas
Development Policies
safety
P.15
B
B
B
N
N
B
P.16
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.17
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.18
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.19
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.20
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.21
B
B
B
N
N
B
P.22
N
B
B
B
B
B
P.23
N
B
B
N
B
B
P.24
B
B
B
N
N
B
P.25
B
B
B
N
N
B
P.26
B
B
B
N
B
B
P.27
N
B
B
B
N
B
P.28
B
B
N
N
B
B
P.29
N
1B
N
N
N 113
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 150

Table 52 (continued)
Policy Benchmarks
— Indicate whether the policy is beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D)
Infrastructure Carrying
Management Topics
Public Access
Land Use Compatibility
Capacity
Natural Hazards
Water Quality
Local Concerns
• more planned access
• reduction in habitat
• water, sewer, and other key
• land uses and
• land use and
• preservation of
locations
loss and. fragmentation
community facilities and
development patterns
development criteria
cultural, historic, and
• upgrades to existing
related to impacts of
services being available in
that reduce vulnerability
and measures that
scenic areas
access locations
land use and
required locations at adequate
to natural hazards
abate impacts that
• support of economic
• increase pedestrian
development
capacities to support planned
• land uses and
degrade water quality
development
access
• reduction of water
community growth and
development patterns
• coordinate water
• development of
• comply with state access
resource and water
development patterns
that take into account
quality efforts with
human resources
standards to enhance
quality degradation
• during construction of
the existing and planned
Tyrrell County
• preservation of the
opportunities for state
• balance growth demands
infrastructure systems,
capacity of evacuation
County's rural
funding
with protection of the
AECs and other fragile
infrastructure
character
environment
areas should be protected
• minimize development in
• decrease residential
• transportation improvements
floodplains, AECs,
density within County
should support the efficiency
wetlands, and other
Land Use and
of traffic flow and pedestrian
fragile areas
Development Policies
safety
P.30
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.31
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.32
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.33
N
B
N
B
N
B
P.34
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.35
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.36
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.37
N
B
N
N
N
B
P.38
N
B
B
B
N
B
P.39
N
B
N
B
N
B
PAO
N
B
B
B
N
B
P.41
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.42
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.43
N
B
N
N
N
B
P.44
N
I B
B
B
B
B
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 151

Table 52 (continued)
Policy Benchmarks — Indicate whether the policy is beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D)
Infrastructure Carrying
Management Topics
Public Access
Land Use Compatibility
Capacity
Natural Hazards
Water Quality
Local Concerns
more planned access
• reduction in habitat
• water, sewer, and other key
• land uses and
• land use and
• preservation of
locations
loss and fragmentation
community facilities and
development patterns
development criteria
cultural, historic, and
• upgrades to existing
related to impacts of
services being available in
that reduce vulnerability
and measures that
scenic areas
access locations
land use and
required locations at adequate
to natural hazards
abate impacts that
• support of economic
• increase pedestrian
development
capacities to support planned .
• land uses and
degrade water quality
development
access
• reduction of water
community growth and
development patterns
• coordinate water
• development of
• comply with state access
resource and water
development patterns
that take into account
quality efforts with
human resources
standards to enhance
quality degradation
• during construction of
the existing and planned
Tyrrell County
• preservation of the
opportunities for state
• balance growth demands
infrastructure systems,
capacity of evacuation
County's rural
funding
with protection of the
AECs and other fragile
infrastructure
character
environment
areas should be protected
• minimize development in
• decrease residential
• transportation improvements
floodplains, AECs,
density within County
should support the efficiency
wetlands, and other
Land Use and
of traffic flow and pedestrian
fragile areas
Development Policies
safety
P.45
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.46
B
B
B
N
N
B
Infrastructure Carrying
Capacity: ,
P.47
B
N
B
N
B
B
P.48
B
N
B
B
B
B
P.49
B
B
B
N
B
B
P.50
B
B
B
N
B
B
P.51
B
N
B
B
B
B
P.52
B
B
B
N
B
B
P.53
B
N
B
N
B
B
P.54
B
N
B
N
B
B
P.55
B
N
B
N
N
B
P.56
B
N
B
B
N
B
P.57
B
B
B
B
1
B
B
P.58
B
B
16
N
B
B
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 152

Table 52 (continued)
Policy Benchmarks
— Indicate whether the policy is beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D)
Infrastructure Carrying
Management Topics
Public Access
Land Use Compatibility
Capacity
Natural Hazards
Water Quality.
Local Concerns
• more planned access
• reduction in habitat
• water, sewer, and other key
• land uses and
• land use and
• preservation of
locations
loss and fragmentation
community facilities and
development patterns
development criteria
cultural, historic, and
• upgrades to existing
related to impacts of
services being available in
that reduce vulnerability
and measures that
scenic areas
access locations
land use and
required locations at adequate
to natural hazards
abate impacts that
• support of economic
• increase pedestrian
development
capacities to support planned
• land uses and
degrade water quality
development
access
• reduction of water
community growth and
development patterns
• coordinate water
• development of
• comply with state access
resource and water
development patterns
that take into account
quality efforts with
human resources
standards to enhance
quality degradation
• during construction of
the existing and planned
Tyrrell County
• preservation of the
opportunities for state
• balance growth demands
infrastructure systems,
capacity of evacuation
County's rural
funding
with protection of the
AECs and other fragile
infrastructure
character
environment
areas should be protected
• minimize development in
• decrease residential
• transportation improvements
floodplains, AECs,
density within County
should support the efficiency
wetlands, and other
Land Use and
of traffic flow and pedestrian
fragile areas
Development Policies
safety
P.59
B
B
B
B
B
B
P.60
B
N
B
N
N
B
P.61
B
B
B
N
B
B
P.62
B
N
B
N
B
B
P.63
B
B
B
N
N
B
P.64
B
N
B
N
B
B
P.65
B
N
B
N
N
B
P.66
B
B
B
N
N
B
Natural Hazard Areas:
P.67
N
N
B
B
N
B
P.68
N
B
B
B
B
B
P.69
B
N
B
B
N
B
P.70
N
B
B
B
B
B
P.71
N
B
B
B
N
B
Water Quality:
P.72
N
B
N
N
B
B
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 153

Table 52 (continued)
Policy Benchmarks — Indicate whether the policy is beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D)
Infrastructure Carrying
Management Topics
Public Access
Land Use Compatibility
Capacity
Natural Hazards
Water Quality
Local Concerns
• more planned access
• reduction in habitat
• water, sewer, and other key
• land uses and
• land use and ,
• preservation of
locations
loss and fragmentation
community facilities and
development patterns
development criteria
cultural, historic, and
• upgrades to existing
related to impacts of
services being available in
that reduce vulnerability
and measures that
scenic areas
access locations
land use and
required locations at adequate
to natural hazards
abate impacts that
• support of economic
• increase pedestrian
development
capacities to support planned
• land uses and
degrade water quality
development
access
• reduction of water
community growth and
development patterns
• coordinate water
• development of
• comply with state access
resource and water
development patterns
that take into account
quality efforts with
human resources
standards to enhance
quality degradation
• during construction of
the existing and planned
Tyrrell County
• preservation of the
opportunities for state
• balance growth demands
infrastructure systems,
capacity of evacuation
County's rural
funding
with protection of the
AECs and other fragile
infrastructure
character
environment
areas should be protected
• minimize development in
• decrease residential
• transportation improvements
floodplains, AECs,
density within County
should support the efficiency
wetlands, and other
Land Use and
of traffic Flow and pedestrian
fragile areas
Development Policies
safety
P.73
N
B
N
B
B
B
P.74
N
B
B
N
B
B
P.75
N
B
B
B
B
B
P.76
N
B
N
N
B
B
P.77
N
B
B
N
B
B
P.78
N
B
N
N
N
B
P.79
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.80
N
B
B
N
B
B
P.81
N
B
B
N
B
B
P.82
N
B
N
N
N
B
P.83
N
B
N
N
B
B
P.84
N
B
N
N
N
B
P.85
N
B
B
N
N
B
P.86
N
B
N
N
B
B
P.87
N
B
B
B
B I
B
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 154

Table 52 (continued)
Policy Benchmarks
— Indicate whether the policy is beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D)
Infrastructure Carrying
Management Topics
Public Access
Land Use Compatibility
Capacity
Natural Hazards
Water Quality
Local Concerns
• more planned access
• reduction in habitat
• water, sewer, and other key
• land uses and
• land use and
• preservation of
locations
loss and fragmentation
community facilities and
development patterns
development criteria
cultural, historic, and
• upgrades to existing
related to impacts of
services being available in
that reduce vulnerability
and measures that
scenic areas
access locations
land use and
required locations at adequate
to natural hazards
abate impacts that
• support of economic
• increase pedestrian
development
capacities to support planned
• land uses and
degrade water quality
development
access
• reduction of water
community growth and
development patterns
• coordinate water
• development of
• comply with state access
resource and water
development patterns
that take into account
quality efforts with
human resources
standards to enhance
quality degradation
• during construction of
the existing and planned
Tyrrell County
• preservation of the
opportunities for state
• balance growth demands
infrastructure systems,
capacity of evacuation
County's rural
funding
with protection of the
AECs and other fragile
infrastructure
character
environment
areas should be protected
• minimize development in
• decrease residential
• transportation improvements
floodplains, AECs,
density within County
should support the efficiency
wetlands, and other
Land Use and
of traffic flow and pedestrian
fragile areas
Development Policies
safety
P.88
N
N
N
N
B
B
Local Areas of Concern:
P.89
N
B
B
N
B
B
P.90
B
B
N
B
B
B
P.91
B
B
N
B
B
B
P.92
N
B
N
B
B
B
P.93
N
B
N
B
B
B
P.94
B
B
B
N
B
B
P.95
B
B
B
N
B
B
P.96
N
B
B
N
B
B
P.97
B
B
B
N
B
B
P.98
N
B
N
N
B
B
P.99
N
B
N
N
D
B
NOTE: P.99 is listed as detrimental to land use plan management topic Water Quality due to the fact that it may result in environmental degradation; however, the Town of Columbia and Tyrrell County will take all possible
steps to mitigate these impacts during the design phase of utility projects.
10/20/09 Tyrrell County CAMA Core Land Use Plan Page 155

APPENDIX I
TYRRELL COUNTY/TOWN OF COLUMBIA
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN
PREPARATION OF A CORE LAND USE PLAN
PHASE I
Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia has received a Coastal Area Management Act grant for
preparation of a Core Land Use Plan, Phase I. Adequate citizen participation in the
development of the plan is essential to the preparation of a document responsive to the needs
of the citizens of Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia. To ensure such input, the following citizen
participation program will be utilized by the County/Town.
The Tyrrell County Board of Commissioners will appoint a Land Use Plan Committee (LUPC)
to work with the County/Town's planning consultant to ensure that the final product will be
a plan suitable for adoption by the County/Town. The committee will be composed of the
individuals listed in Attachment A.
Specifically, the planning consultant and the LUPC will be responsible for ensuring
accomplishment of the following:
Develop and adopt the Citizen Participation Plan; conduct public information
meeting; and conduct a County -wide meeting to identify community concerns,
key planning issues, and aspirations. In addition, prepare analysis of existing
and emerging conditions.
Complete analysis of existing and emerging conditions; prepare natural systems
analysis and analysis of land use and development (including Existing Land Use
Map).
Prepare community facilities analysis; prepare/review land suitabi.lity analysis
and map; review existing CAMA plan, ordinances, and policies.
The following schedule will be utilized for Phase I:
1. August, 2005
Board of Commissioners adopt the Citizen Participation Plan.
2. September, 2005
— Conduct initial meeting with LUPC and review Citizen Participation Plan
and process for preparing the land use plan.
— Conduct public information meeting and County issues identification
meeting.

3. August, 2005 to April, 2006 — Prepare preliminary draft land use plan which will
include analysis of existing conditions, land suitability analysis, natural systems
analysis, and community facilities analysis. Conduct meetings with the LUPC.
4. May, 2006 — Present draft of Phase I to the LUPC.
All meetings of the LUPC and Board of Commissioners at which the Plan will be discussed will
be advertised in a local newspaper. The public information meeting, County meeting, and
public hearing will also be advertised in a local newspaper. In addition, public service
announcements will be posted at the County Administration Building, Columbia Town Hall, and
other public buildings as directed by the LUPC and Board of Commissioners. All meetings will
be open to the public. The County/Town will encourage and consider all economic, social,
ethnic and cultural viewpoints. No major non-English speaking groups are known to exist in
Tyrrell County.
8/11/05
B:\CLIENTS\Tyrrell County\Land Use Plan\Report\Appendix I.wpd

TYRRELL COUNTY
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN
PREPARATION OF A CORE LAND USE PLAN
PHASE II
Tyrrell County/Town of. Columbia has received a Coastal Area Management Act grant for
preparation of a Core Land Use Plan, Phase II. Adequate citizen participation in the development
of the plan is essential to the preparation of a document responsive to the needs of the citizens
of Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia. To ensure such input, the following citizen participation
program will be utilized by the County/Town.
The Tyrrell County Board of Commissioners has appointed a Land Use Plan Committee (LUPC)
to work with the County/Town's planning consultant to ensure that the final product will be a plan
suitable for adoption by the County/Town.
Specifically, the. planning consultant and the LUPC will be responsible for ensuring
accomplishment of the following:
• Adopt and implement Citizen Participation Plan for Phase II.
• Revise preliminary plan based on public review.
• Complete plan for the future (including future land use map and tools for
managing development).
• Present the draft plan to the Board of Commissioners.
• Submit plan to state/DCM for review; provide plan to adjacent jurisdictions for
review; conduct public information hearings.
• Review plan based on state and local review; conduct public hearing; Board of
Commissioners adoption; submit for CRC certification.
The following schedule will be utilized for Phase II:
1. November, 2006
— Update Citizen Participation Plan
Begin preparation of Phase II portion of LUP
2. November, 2006 - May, 2007
- Hold monthly meetings with LUPAC
Revise preliminary plan based on public review
3. May, 2007
Submit draft plan to LUPC
— Provide plan to adjacent jurisdictions to review
Submit draft plan to state for DCM review
4. August/September, 2007
— Revise plan based on state and local review
Submit revised draft plan to LUPC
Conduct public hearing for Board of Commissioners to adopt plan
— Submit to CRC for certification

All meetings of the LUPC and Board of Commissioners at which the Plan will be discussed will be
advertised in a local newspaper. The public hearing will also be advertised in a local newspaper.
In addition, public service announcements will be posted at the County Administration Building,
Columbia Town Hall, and other public buildings as directed by the LUPC and Board of
Commissioners. All meetings will be open to the public. The County/Town will encourage and
consider all economic, social, ethnic and cultural viewpoints. No major non-English speaking
groups are known to exist in Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia.
11/30/06

APPENDIX II
Tyrrell County/Town of Columbia
Land Use Plan Maps

N
O
V
Legend
NC Counties
Tyrrell County
Town of Coulmbia
NC DOT Roads
The preparation of this map was financed In part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
MAP 1
Tyrrell County
Land Use Plan
Regional Location
a
ol�� Consulting Planners, Inc.

MAP 2A
Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
Land Use Plan
Unincorporated Areas
Flood Hazard Areas
Legend
Major Roads
Tyrrell County
NC Counties
® Town of Columbia Planning Jurisdiction
Roads
Hydrology
Flood Hazard Areas
AE
SHADED X
1 inch = 15,000 feet
Miles
0 1.5 3 6 9
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by �-he Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
12/5/2007

Miles
0 0.1250.25 0.5 0.75 1
1 --"'X F-T-�
1 inch = 2,250 feet
Legend
Town of Columbia Corporate Limits
Town of Columbia ETJ
W Tyrrell County
Hydrology
Flood Hazard Areas
SHADED X
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
A .
Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
Land Use Plan
Town of Columbia
l� oConsulting Planners, Inc.
0
AE
Flood Hazard Areas
12/5/2007

MAP 3A
LakE
Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
Land Use Plan
SLOSH
Storm Surge Inundation
Fast and Slow Moving Hurricane
Unincorporated Areas
Legend
- Town Of Columbia SLOSH Model - Slow Hurricane
C3 INC Counties Category 1 & 2
Tyrrell County Category 3
Hydrology Category 4 & 5
.J J
SLOSH Model - Fast Hurricane
Category 1 & 2
Category 3
Category 4 & 5
1 inch = 15,000 feet
F—L— Miles
0 1.5 3 6 9
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocear: and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
ol�� Consulting Planners, Inc.
12/5/2007

m

MAP 4
Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
Land Use Plan
Soil Classification
Legend
Major Roads
Do
Town of Columbia Corporate Limits
Hy
MTown of Columbia ETJ
Pe
NC Counties
Po
Hydrology
Pt
O Tyrrell County
Pu
Soil Classification
Ro
AaA'
Rp
Ap
StB"
Ar
To*
At'
Ud
Ba
WaA
Cf
Wd
Ch
Wk
CtA
Indicates prime farmland soils in Tyrrell County. Prime farmland soils, as
defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, are soils that are best suited to
food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops. Such soils have properties that
favor the economic production of sustained high yields of crops.
Prime Farmland Soils Tyrrell County:
• Altavista loamy fine sand (AaA)
• Augusta fine loamy sand (At)
• State loamy fine sand (StB)
• Tomotley fine sandy loam (To)
1 inch = 14,000 feet
LYAnr,
0 1.5 3 6 9
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
ol�t� Consulting Planners, Inc.
12/5/2007

MAP 5
Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
Land Use Plan
Wetlands
Legend
Major Roads
QColumbia Corporate Limits
Q Columbia ETJ
NC Counties
Hydrology
OTyrrell County
Wetlands
Bottomland Hardwood
Cleared Depressional Swamp Forest
Cleared Hardwood Flat
Cleared Pine Flat
Cleared Pocosin
Cleared Riverene Swamp Forest
Cutover Depressional Swamp Forest
Cutover Hardwood Flat
Cutover Headwater Swamp
Cutover Pine Flat
Cutover Pocosin
Cutover Riverene Swamp Forest
Depressional Swamp Forest
Drained Depressional Swamp Forest
Drained Hardwood Flat
Drained Pine Flat
Drained Pocosin
Drained Riverene Swamp Forest
Estuarine Forest
Estuarine Shrub/Scrub
Freshwater Marsh
Hardwood Flat
Headwater Swamp
Human Impacted
Managed Pineland
Pine Flat
Pocosin
Riverine Swamp Forest
Salt/Brackish Marsh
1 inch = 14,000 feet
0 1.5 3
J Miles
9
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
12/5/2007

Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
Land Use Plan
Protected Lands
Legend
df Columbia ETJ
O Tyrrell County
Hydrology
NC Counties
Protected Lands
1. AGRIC TIDEWATER RESEARCH STATION
2. BUCKRIDGE COASTAL RESERVE
C 3. EHNR- KITTY HAWK WOODS
4. NCSU- 4- H CENTER
5. PRKS PETTIGREW STATE PARK
6. WRC COLUMBIAACCESS AREA
- 7. WRC CRESWELL WETLANDS
8. WRC GUM NECK ACCESS AREA
® 9. POCOSIN LAKES NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE
1 inch = 13,000 feet
Miles
0 1.25 2.5 5 7.5
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
ol�� Consulting Planners, Inc.
12/5/2007

Legend
Town of Columbia Corporate Limits
Town of Columbia ETJ
Hydrology
Historic Site
+ Columbia Historic District
Scuppernong River Bridge
+ Tyrrell County Courthouse
Protected Lands
EHNR- KITTY HAWK WOODS
i POCOSIN LAKES NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE
Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
Land Use Plan
Town of Columbia
Protected Lands
ff ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
N
WE
S
12/5/2007

MAP 7
Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
Land Use Plan
Significant Natural Heritage Areas
Legend
Major Roads
Town of Columbia Corporate Limits
Town of Columbia ETJ
C�3 NC Counties
Hydrology
O Tyrrell County
Significant Natural Hazard Areas
1. ALLIGATOR CREEK/SECOND CREEK SWAMP FOREST
K 2. BUCK RIDGE SWAMPS
3. BUNTON CREEK SWAMP
4. FRYING PAN SWAMPS
5. HARVESTER ROAD TALL POCOSIN
6. LAKE PHELPS AQUATIC HABITAT
7. NEW LAKE FORK POCOSIN AND NEW LAKE
8. PALM ETTO-PEARTREE SWAMP FOREST
9. PETTIGREW STATE PARK
10. RIVER NECK SWAMP
11. ROPER ISLAND
12. SCUPPERNONG RIVER SWAMP FOREST
13. UPPER ALLIGATOR RIVER MARSHES AND FORESTS
1 inch = 14,000 feet
Miles
0 1.5 3 6 9
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
12/5/2007

�aC`e Sound
P`b c
ake Phelps
MAP 9A
Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
Land Use Plan
Unincorporated Areas
Environmental Composite
Legend
Tyrrell County
NC Counties
dp Town of Columbia
Hydrology
Environmental Composite
Class
Class II
K Class III
1 inch = 14,000 feet
0 1.5 3
No
J Miles
9
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
12/5/2007

MAP 8
Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
Land Use Plan
Location of Waterbodies
Legend
Major Roads
O Tyrrell County
QTown of Columbia
ti NC Counties
Hydrology
Anadromous Fish Spawning Area
Gum Neck Watershed District
Water Body Locations
1. Babbitt Bay
2. Basnight Canal
3. Bee Tree Canal
4. Bonarva Canal
5. Bunton Creek
6. Bush Harrel Canal
7. Cooper Creek
8. Dunbar Canal
9. Goose Creek
10. Goose Pond
11. Grapevine Bay
12. Greys Canal
13. Gum Neck Creek
14. Juniper Creek
E 15. Northwest Fork Alligator River
16. Old Canal
17, Rattlesnake Bay
18. Riders Creek
19. Southwest Fork Alligator River
20. The Straits
1 inch = 15,000 feet
L- U I I Miles
0 1.5 3 6 9
ol�� Consulting Planners, Inc.
10/9/2009

■
IV
F-1,
OPM-1

Miles
0 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2
R
1 inch = 2,000 feet
I
Legend
uTown of Columbia ETJ
Town of Columbia Corporate Limits
Hydrology
Zoning Classification
A-1
B-1
B-2
MF
i Os
R-7
i R-7 (PUD)
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
MAP 12
Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
Land Use Plan
Town of Columbia
Zonmq
J-olland Consulting Planners, Inc.
NI
WE
s
12/5/2007

MAP 11
Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
Land Use Plan
Transportation
Improvement Projects
Legend
io Town of Columbia
rq Tyrrell County
Bridge Improvements
NC Counties
Hydrology
Transportation Improvement Projects
R-4452
R-2545 Sections
AA
AB
B
1 inch = 18,000 feet
Miles
0 1.25 2.5 5 7.5
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
12/5/2007

The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Tyrrell County/ Town of Columbia
Land Use Plan
North Carolina
River Basins and Subbasins
WATAUGA NEW
FRENCH CATAWBA
LITTLE BROAD
__1ENNESSEE BROAD
HIWASSEE SAVANNAH
YADKIN
I:ZC
olrd Consulting Planners, Inc.
CHOWAN
NEUSE -%%% TAR-PAMLICO
k
ITE
LUMBER CAPE FEAR
Legend
= Tyrrell County
\10SI Q Town of Columbia
® River Basins
Subbasins
Subbasins
03-01-51
03-01-53
03-03-07
Miles
0 20 40 80 120 160
121512007

.i+♦+f+++fot
.r1.+++++++t++attt++
♦+�•++++++++++++++++
♦1+++
�+++++1�f++f++±
�+ff+i j�++f+i+♦,
f+J-

-a
WASHIt
COU
Lake Phelps
DARE
COUNTY
MAP 14A
Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
Land Use Plan
Unincorporated Areas
Existing Land Use
Legend
Major Roads
Town of Columbia
NC Counties
Tyrrell County
Hydrology
Existing Land Use
Commercial
Farmland
IN Forest Land
Industrial
Multi -Family Residential
-
Mobile Home Park
Office & Institutional
Residential/Agricultural
i2_
Recreational
Single -Family Residential
F-7
Vacant
0
1 inch = 15,000 feet
(— Miles
0 1.5 3 6 9
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
12/5/2007

Miles
0 0.1 5 0.3 0.6 0.9
Legend
Town of Columbia Corporate Limits
Town of Columbia ETJ
Hydrology
Existing Land Use
Commercial
Farmland
Forest Land
Industrial
i Multi -Family Residential
i Mobile Home Park
National Wildlife Reserve
i Office & Institutional
0 PUD
Residential/Agricultural
Single -Family Residential
Vacant
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
MAP 14B
Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
Land Use Plan
Town of Columbia
Existinq Land Use
1 inch = 2,000 feet
ol�� Consulting Planners, Inc.
0
12/5/2007

MAP 15
Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
Land Use Plan
Land Use in
Relation to Water Quality
Legend
Major Roads
Town of Columbia- Town Limits
® Town of Columbia- ETJ
NC Counties
rri Tyrrell County
Hydrology
Water Quality Classifications
CLASS
ORW
SA
Existing Land Use
Commercial
Farmland
i Forest Land
Industrial
1 inch = 14,000 feet
0 1.5 3
no
Multi -Family Residential
Mobile Home Park
Office & Institutional
Residential/Agricultural
Recreational
Single -Family Residential
Vacant
J Miles
9
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
ol�� Consulting Planners, Inc.
12/5/2007

MAP 16
Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
Land Use Plan
Proposed Sewer Lines
Legend
Town of Columbia Corporate Limits
Town of Columbia ETJ
Hydrology
NC Counties
Proposed Sewer Lines
2"FM
0"S., 3" FM
0%o4"FM
40N 6" FM
Sewer Districts
District 1
District 2
1 inch = 3,500 feet
I U U I I Miles
0 0.375 0.75 1.5 2.25
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Oean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
ol�� Consulting Planners, Inc_.
12/5/2007

WASHINGTON
HYDE
,N
ar\e Sound
P\be�
River
Creek
DARE
MAP 17A
Tyrrell County
Town of Columbia
Land Use Plan
Future Land Use
Legend
NC DOT Primary Roads
Hydrology
NC Counties
District
Rural Mixed Use Nodes
US 64 Mixed Use Growth Corridor
Conservation
Residential -Agricultural
Residential with Sewer Service
Rural
Town of Columbia
N
W E
S
Miles
0 1.5 3 6 9
1 inch = 15,000 feet
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Y—TC
ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
12/5/2007

Miles
0 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2
1 inch = 2,000 feet
Legend
13 Town of Columbia ETJ
13 Town of Columbia Corporate Limits
Hydrology
Future Land Use
/� Mixed Use
Low Density Residential
Medium Density Residential
* High Density Residential
e,',9 Conservation
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
MAP 17B
Tyrrell County
Land Use Plan
Town of Columbia
Future Land Use
j7
ff ol� Consulting Planners, Inc.
N
WE
s
12/5/2007

Appendix III
Policy/Implementing Action
Definitions of Common Terms
1. Should: An officially adopted course or method of action intended to be followed to
implement the community goals. Though not mandatory as "shall," it is still an obligatory
course of action unless clear reasons can be identified that an exception is warranted.
County/Town staff and Planning Board involved at all levels from planning to
implementation.
2. Continue: Follow past and present procedures to maintain desired goal, usually with
County/Town staff involved at all levels from planning to implementation.
3. Encourage: Foster the desired goal through County policies. Could involve County/Town
financial assistance.
4. Enhance: Improve current goal to a desired state through the use of policies and
County/Town staff at all levels of planning. This could include financial support.
5. Identify: Catalog and confirm resource or desired item(s) through the use of County/Town
staff and actions.
6. Implement: Actions to guide the accomplishment of the Plan recommendations.
7. Maintain: Keep in good condition the desired state of affairs through the use of
County/Town policies and staff. Financial assistance should be provided if needed.
8. Prevent: Stop described event through the use of appropriate County/Town policies, staff
actions, Planning Board actions, and County/Town finances, if needed.
9. Promote: Advance the desired state through the use of County/Town policies and Planning
Boards and staff activity at all levels of planning. This may include financial support.
10. Protect: Guard against a deterioration of the desired state through the use of County/Town
policies, staff, and, if needed, financial assistance.
11. Provide: Take the lead role in supplying the needed financial and staff support to achieve
the desired goal. The County/Town is typically involved in all aspects from planning to
implementation to maintenance.
12. Strengthen: Improve and reinforce the desired goal through the use of County/Town
policies, staff, and, if necessary, financial assistance.
13. Support: Supply the needed staff support, policies, and financial assistance at all levels to
achieve the desired goal.
14. Work: Cooperate and act in a manner through the use of County/Town staff, actions, and
policies to create the desired goal.

15. Rural Character: For the purposes of this plan, rural character is defined as a place
characterized by development patterns that do not substantially alter that natural fabric
that exists throughout a region. This natural fabric not only involves the landscape but also
.the culture and social fabric that has evolved over time. Rural character shall focus on the
following factors: farmland, woodlands, clean air and water, undeveloped open space,
natural stream banks, outdoor recreation opportunities, small village and communities.

Appendix IV
Agricultural and Foresty Best Management Practices
AGRICULTURAL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
I. -Crop and Pasture Lands
A. BMPs for Sediment Control
Conservation Tillage System
Critical Area Planting
Diversion
Field Border
Filter Strip
Grade Stabilization Structure
Grassed Waterway
Rock -Lined Waterways or Outlets
Sediment Control Structure
Sod -Based Rotation
Striperopping
Terrace
Water Control Structure
Pastureland Conversion
B. BMPs for Nutrient Control
Legumes in Rotation
Soil Testing
Liming
Setting Realistic Crop Yield Goals (determines fertilization rates)
Fertilizer Waste Application (method, rate, and timing)
Sediment Control BMPs
C. BMPs for Pesticide Control
Alternative Pesticides
Optimize Pesticide Formulation, Amount, Placement, Timing, Frequency
Crop Rotation
Resistant Crop Varieties
Other Cultural or Biological Controls
Optimize Crop Planting Time
Plant Pest Quarantines
Proper Disposal of Obsolete Pesticides and Containers
Certification of Applicators
Sediment Control BMPs

Appendix N Page 2
II. Animal Production (esp. Confined Animal Operations)
BMPs for Bacteria and Nutrient Control
Grade Stabilization and Nutrient Control
Heavy Use Area Protection
Livestock Exclusion
Spring Development
Stock Trails and Walkways
Trough and Tank
Waste Management System
Waste Storage Pond
Waste Storage Structure
Waste Treatment Lagoon
Land Application of Waste
Water Control Structure
Source: North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services.

Appendix IV
Page 3
FORESTRY BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
1. Properly design and place access roads, skid trails, and loading areas on forestland.
a. Avoid streambanks and channels except when crossing streams.
b. Install water management structures and techniques.
C. Stabilize bare soil areas.
d. Prevent steep slopes on roads and trails.
2. Designate streamside management zones (SMZ) which are undisturbed strips of vegetation
parallel and adjacent to the stream channels.
3. Avoid placing debris in stream channels (Stream Obstruction Law).
4. Use practices which minimize soil exposure when reforesting.
5. Use environmentally safe procedures when applying chemicals in forested areas.
6. Train forestry related personnel in nonpoint source pollution control methods.
Source: NC Division of Forest Resources.

Appendix V
TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD
DEVELOPMENT
STREET TYPES
s•.I«r.l. ir—.1-«r��..s'
MI•Mhr• ,q•t M.y I•'
LANE
Purpose: Provides access to single-family homes.
Features Features
• Street width 18' with curb and gutter and • Generally two to six blocks long
informal parking designated on street
• Planting strips 6'
• Sidewalks 5' on each side . Buildina and Land Use
• Design speed 20 mph • Residential - primarily single family homes
• Posted speed 20 mph
• Requires a 40' right of way
• Drainage - curb and gutter
IM
STREET
Purpose: Provides access to housing
Features
• Street width 28' with curb and gutter and
informal parking
• Planting strips 6'
• Sidewalks Son each side
• Design speed 20 mph
• Posted speed 20 mph
• Requires a 50' right of way
• Drainage - curb and gutter
Features
• Generally two to six blocks long
Building and Land Use
• Residential - many residential types

F« a" •+)+ a• . - a' _L r I.... rt• rr
,Yrrwro,rw nyrp e! ry N
AVENUE WITH PARKING
Purpose: Avenues are short distance, medium speed connectors between neighborhoods and core areas. As
such, they are used in both residential and commercial areas, often terminating at prominent
buildings or plazas. Avenues may also circulate around squares or neighborhood parks.
Features Features
• Street width 26' on both sides of median with on -street • Posted speed 25 - 30 mph
parking, 18' if no parking or curb and gutter • Requires a 98' right of way
• Median width 18' (minimum)
• Drainage - curb and gutter
• Travel lanes 12'
• Maximum 2 travel lanes Building and Land Use
• Bike lanes and planting strips 6' Mixed residential and commercial use
• Sidewalks 8' on each side
• Design speed 30 mph (maximum)
a .a . r .I•- it. -.L n• -.I.:- a•-..L r .I. +•
fthl V w.Y a'
MAIN STREET WITHOUT MEDIAN
Purpose: Main streets provide low -speed access to neighborhood, commercial, and high density residential areas
Features Features
• Travel lanes 11' with striped parking Drainage - curb and gutter
• Maximum 2 travel lanes Includes bulbouts at intersections and
• Planting wells 6'- landscaped median optional mid -block crossings
(minimum 18') • Bike lanes optional but preferred (minimum 6')
• Sidewalks minimum of 8' each side
Building and Land Use
• Design speed 25 mph (maximum)
• Commercial and mixed use
• Posted speed 20 - 25 mph
• High density residential
• Requires a 66' right of way

FIGURE 5
r .fir-l.. •' r.L_ tr .�-...fr —I— m•.ww,—.. _.1.. rr...�.. rt•.� e•�. r .�.r.:,.. r ..�
er,......q•r•r..,r tsi. ,
BOULEVARD
Purpose: Provides multi -lane access to commercial and mixed -use buildings, and carries regional
traffic.
Feature
Features
• Lanes 11' with striped parking and bike lanes
• Requires a 122' right of way
• Maximum 4 travel lanes
• Drainage - curb and gutter
• Planting wells 6 - 11'
• Sidewalks 8' on each side
Building and Land Use
• Design speed 40 mph (maximum)
• Commercial and mixed use
• Posted speed 30 - 35 mph
FIGURE 6
{
1i'dI'
F At
T!
t0• II•.i.. r- 101-1 -7+•- 1, /)• ..— W.--.L. fY� Ir �7•¢p•�70. 1+'r{�
11
.--••,.•...- - Riper or r.r%1& 137'
PARKWAY
Purpose: Parkways bring people into town, or pass traffic through natural areas. Parkways are not designed for
development. When the parkway enters town, it becomes a boulevard.
Features
Features
• Travel lanes 11 - 12' .
• 6' minimum paved shoulder on high-
• Median width 30'
speed parkway (greater than 45 mph:
typical section has shoulder with
• Design speed 50 mph (maximum)
ditches)
• Posted speed 45 mph (maximum)
• Requires a 118' right of way (minimum)
Building and Land Use
• Drainage - swales allowed, or curb and gutter
• Parkways are designed to be on theedge
of towns, nature preserves, or
• Multi -use trails 10 -14'
agricultural areas
• Planting strips 7 - 20'
• Multi -use trails may be on either or
• Bike lane not adjacent to travel lane
both sides

FIGURE 7
TRAIL
Purpose: Provides non -motorized access throughout the neighborhood.
[Note: Not to be accepted onto the state system]
Features Building and land Use
Shade trees recommended Link to make connections between homes,
• Trail width 10-14' parks, schools, and shopping districts
• Stopping sight distance 125'
• Clear zone 3--6'
RlpAr o/way la-77'
Alleys
Purpose: Although part of the interconnected street system, alleys provide access to property but are not
intended to accommodate through traffic. Alleys are often used.by garbage trucks. In some areas
alleys must accommodate dumpsters.
[Note: Not to be accepted onto the state system]
Features Building and Land Use
• Requires 20' right of way (minimum) • Residential - primarily single family
• Utilities, either above or underground, may • Provides rear access to garages
be located in alleyways to provide service
connections to rear elevations
• Width 12' (minimum)
• Additional pavement at alleyway
intersections is necessary to facilitate
turns.

Appendix VI
TYRRELL COUNTY MULTI -JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND POLICIES
The Mitigation Strategies and Policies section of the plan identifies specific strategies and policies
that will "put into action" the mitigation values and goals established above by completing the
following steps:
• Formulating selection criteria
• Identifying policies to carry out the mitigation strategies
• Creating an action plan for the mitigation strategies
• Prioritizing the policies
• Identifying funding sources
• Assigning implementation responsibilities
A. DISCUSSION OF MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND SECTION FORMAT
Hazard mitigation objectives have been identified which can be defined as measurable, concrete
steps towards achieving the goals presented in the preceding section. Goals are considered met
when objectives have been completed.
Hazard mitigation policies have also been identified which are specific tasks and actions that
achieve the above stated objectives. Objectives are considered met when all polices have been
implemented.
When formulating objectives and policies, the county and the town were very mindful of the
available types of activities, or strategies, that will result in natural hazard mitigation, as presented
in "Keeping Natural Hazards from Becoming Disasters: A Mitigation Planning Guidebook for Local
Governments" published in May of 2003 by the NCDEM Hazard Mitigation Section and the Hazard
Mitigation Planning Clinic at the Department of City and Regional Planning at the University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill. These are summarized below:
• Prevention - Actions designed to reduce the community's future vulnerability, such as
zoning or stormwater management regulations.
• Property Protection - Retrofitting or removal of existing structures subject to a elevated
risk of natural hazard damage.
• Natural Resource Protection - Preserving or restoring natural features to ensure or
enhance their mitigative functions.
• Structural Projects - Modification of the natural environment through built structures to
protect property and life.
• Public Information - Educational and informational activities.
A variety of strategies, and combination of strategies, will be utilized to meet the stated goals and
objectives through the policies provided below. Policies selected will meet the following criteria:
The policy will solve the problem it is intended to solve, or begin to develop a solution; and

• The policy meets at least one community mitigation goal; -and
• The policy complies with all laws and regulations; and
• The policy is cost -beneficial; and
• The community implementing the policy has (or will have) the capability to do so; and
• The policy is environmentally sound; and ,
• The policy is technically feasible.
B. MITIGATION OBJECTIVES
As stated above, objectives are defined as measurable, concrete steps towards achieving the goals
presented in this plan. When all objectives are complete, the goals will have been met.
Objective
_GDaLNMber
N m
Objective
1
1
Ensure that all shelter locations are well publicized.
1
2
Reduce the frequency of electrical outages and length of time
such outages last.
1
3
Provide for effective evacuation prior to natural hazards.
2
1
Preserve open space in flood lain areas.
2
2
Reduce the risk of damage from wildfires to future
development.
2
3
Improve wind resistance of structures within the county.
3
1
Maximize the use of available hazard mitigation grant
programs to protect the most vulnerable structures and
populations.
4
1
Develop specific, timely recommendations for hazard
mitigation measures following a State or Federally declared
natural disaster and ensure that hazard mitigation is
considered when redevelopment occurs after a natural
disaster.
5
1
Ensure that the public is aware of the risks of different types
of natural hazards, and reduces their personal exposure to
natural hazards.
5
2
Implement public education efforts designed to help inform
the public of actions they can take to mitigate the damages to
their health and property.
6
1
Mitigate damages due to stormwater.
6
2
Protect Areas of Environmental Concern.

C. MITIGATION POLICIES
1. Introduction
Specific actions, or `policies", are needed to realize each objective provided above. For
each policy, the following information will be provided in this subsection:
• A statement of the policy
• The type of strategy represented by the policy
• The hazard(s) it is developed to address
• The objective(s) it will achieve
• The priority the action has (high, medium or low)
• Possible funding sources, if any
• The agency or staff member assigned with responsibility for the policy
• Projected completion date
• Notes and/or background information on the policy
2. Prioritization and Cost Benefit Review
A process for prioritization of identified hazard mitigation strategies was performed. The
hazard mitigation advisory committee used the following criteria for prioritization of hazard
mitigation strategies:
a) cost -benefit review
b) results of Hazard Identification and Analysis
c) results of Vulnerability Assessment
d) results of Community Capability Assessment
e) effectiveness in meeting hazard mitigation goals and comprehensive plan
goals
Cost -benefit review was given special emphasis, in light of its possible use in environmental
review for HMGP, FMA, and other federal hazard mitigation projects.
3. Mitigation Policies
The hazard mitigation policies are listed below:
Policy Number
1
Policy
CAMA Land Use Plan Update
Applicable Jurisdictions
Tyrrell County and Columbia
Strategy Type
I Prevention

Hazard(s) Addressed
All
Objective(s) Addressed
1.3, 2.1 and 4.1
Priority
Medium
Possible Funding Sources
Technical assistance available through State Department o
Commerce, Division of Community Assistance
Responsible Parties
Tyrrell County -County Manager; Columbia -Town
Manager
Projected Completion Date
When CAMA funding is available
Policy Number
2
Policy
Review "Firewise" zoning and subdivision standards and
report on their appropriateness for incorporation into the
existing zoning and subdivision ordinances.
Applicable Jurisdictions
Tyrrell County and Columbia
Strategy Type
Prevention
Hazard(s) Addressed
Wildfire
Objective(s) Addressed
2.2
Priority
Low
Possible Funding Sources
Information on "Firewise" zoning and subdivision ordinance
provisions is widely available in the public record. An
excellent resource is http://www.f[geA e.org.
Responsible Parties
Local Fire Chiefs, Tyrrell County -Manager, and Columbia -
Town Manager
Projected Completion Date
June 1 2005
Policy Number
3
Policy
Apply for funding from the Hazard Mitigation Grant
Program (HMGP) following a natural disaster, if eligible, for
equipment to assist with hazard mitigation initiatives or
emergency operations (i.e., generators).
Applicable Jurisdictions
Tyrrell County and Columbia
Strategy Type
Property protection and/or structural projects
Hazard(s) Addressed
All
Objective(s) Addressed
3.1 and 4.1
Priority
High
Possible Funding Sources
Background information on the Hazard Mitigation Grant
Program (HMGP) and similar hazard mitigation programs
can be found at http://www.ncem.org and at
http://www.fema.gov. Funding source is Federal (75%)
and non -Federal (usually State) (25%)
Responsible Parties
Tyrrell County -Manager; Columbia -Town Manager
Projected Completion Date
After next major Presidentially declared disaster

Policy Number
4
Policy
Convene a working group with electric service providers
within the county and produce a report, with specific
recommendations and detailed implementation timelines,
that addresses the issues of 1) disaster preparedness and
2) communication with officials during and immediately
after a natural hazard event that results in loss of electrical
power.
Applicable Jurisdictions
Tyrrell County and Columbia
Strategy Type
Prevention, and possibly property protection and/or
structural projects
Hazard(s) Addressed
Primarily hazards associated with a lot of wind and severe
winter storms
Objective(s) Addressed
1.2
Priority
Medium
Possible Funding Sources
Background information on utility ice storm preparation
can be found at
http://www.ncuc.commerce.state.nus.us/reports/­`partlice.pdf.
Responsible Party
Tyrrell County -Manager
Projected Completion Date
June 1 2005
Policy Number
5
Policy
Ensure that local libraries maintain documents about flood
insurance, flood protection, floodplain management, and
natural and beneficial functions of floodplains. Many
documents are available free of charge from the Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
Applicable Jurisdictions
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Strategy Type
Public Information
Hazard(s) Addressed
Flooding
Objective(s) Addressed
5.1 and 5.2
Priority
High
Possible Funding Sources
FEMA, the American Red Cross and .numerous other
organizations have free public information materials than
can be used to achieve this policy. http://www.fema.gov
and http://www.redcross.org
Responsible Parties
Tyrrell County -Manager, Town of Columbia -Manager
Projected Completion Date
June 1, 2005,.then ongoing.

Policy Number
6
Policy
Monitor trees and branches at risk of breaking or falling
during hazard events. Prune or thin branches on
government property when they post a threat to property,
utility lines, or other significant structures or critical
facilities.
Applicable Jurisdictions
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Strategy Type
Prevention and Property Protection
Hazard(s) Addressed
Hurricanes, Thunderstorms and Tornados, Severe Winter
Storms, and Nor'easters
Objective(s) Addressed
1.2
Priority
High
Possible Funding Sources
N/A
Responsible Parties
Tyrrell County Emergency Management Director, and
Columbia Public Works Director
Projected Completion Date
June 1, 2005
Policy Number
7
Policy
Apply for funding from the Hazard Mitigation Grant
Program (HMGP) following a natural hazard, if eligible, for
elevation/floodproofing of repetitive loss properties or other
homes affected by flooding. Applications should also be
submitted for funding for the windproofing of homes
affected by hurricanes or tornados
Applicable Jurisdictions
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Strategy Type _
Property protection
Hazard(s) Addressed
Flooding
Objective(s) Addressed
3.1 and 4.1
Priority
High
Possible Funding Sources
Background information on the Hazard Mitigation Grant
Program (HMGP) and similar hazard mitigation programs
can be found at http://www.ncem.org and at
http://www.fema.gov. Funding source is Federal (75%)
and non -Federal (usually State) (25%)
Responsible Parties
Tyrrell County -Manager, Town of Columbia -Manager
Projected Completion Date
After next major Presidentially declared disaster
Policy Number
8
Policy
Provide local real estate agents with handouts that advise
potential buyers about flood hazards.
Applicable Jurisdictions
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Strategy Type
Public Information
Hazard(s) Addressed
Flooding
Objectives Addressed
5.1 and 5.2

Priority
Low
Possible Funding Sources
N/A
Responsible Parties
Tyrrell County Emergency Services Director
Projected Completion Date
June, 2005, then ongoing
Policy Number
9
Policy
Send a flood protection flyer to all properties in each local
government through a community newsletter, utility bill, or
other document that is distributed to all residences. The
flyer should include the following information: flood safety,
flood insurance, property protection, floodplain
development requirements, and drainage system
maintenance.
Applicable Jurisdictions
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Strategy Type
Public Information
Hazard(s) Addressed
Flooding
Objective(s) Addressed
5.1 and 5.2
Priority
Medium
Possible Funding Sources
FEMA, the American Red Cross and numerous other
organizations have free public information materials than
can be used to achieve this policy. http://www.fema.gov
and httr)://www.redcross.org
Responsible Parties
Tyrrell County Manager, Town of Columbia Manager
Projected Completion Date
June, 2005, then ongoing.
Policy Number
10
Policy
Advertise the availability of flood insurance on an annual
basis. Advertise the importance of strapping down LP gas
tanks to prevent gas leaks.
Applicable Jurisdictions
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Strategy Type
Prevention, Property Protection, and Public Information
Hazard(s) Addressed
Flooding
Objective(s) Addressed
5.1 and 5.2
Priority
Medium
Possible Funding Sources
N/A
Responsible Parties
Tyrrell County Manager, Town of Columbia Manager
Projected Completion Date
June, 2005, then ongoing
Policy Number
11
Policy
Develop a county/town website that has a page devoted to
hurricane preparedness. Post the Hazard Mitigation Plan
and the evacuation route on the website.
Applicable Jurisdictions
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia

Strategy Type
Public Information
Hazard(s) Addressed
All
Objective(s) Addressed
1.1, 1.3, 5.1, and 5.2
Priority
High
Possible Funding Sources
N/A -
Responsible Party
Tyrrell County Manager
Projected Completion Date
June, 2005
Policy Number
12
Policy
Provide new home buyer and local contractors with
information on windproofing including wood and light steel
construction connectors and anchoring systems.
Applicable Jurisdictions
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Strategy Type
Prevention
Hazard(s) Addressed
Hurricanes, Thunderstorms and Tornados, and Nor'easters
Objective(s) Addressed
2.3 and 5.2
Priority
Medium
Possible Funding Sources
N/A
Responsible Party
County and Town Building Inspectors
Projected Completion Date
June, 2005
Policy Number
13
Policy
Monitor drainage areas to ensure they are clear and
adequate for drainage
Applicable Jurisdictions
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia
Strategy Type
Prevention and Property Protection
Hazard(s) Addressed
Flooding
Objective(s) Addressed
4.1
Priority
Medium
Possible Funding Sources
N/A
Responsible Party
Tyrrell County Emergency Management Director and
Town of Columbia Public Works Director
Projected Completion Date IJune,2005,
Policy Number
14
Policy
Advertise the importance of keeping private roads free
from debris and the general areas cleaned out to ensure
the ability of emergency vehicles to pass through.
Applicable Jurisdictions
Tyrrell County and Town of Columbia

Strategy Type
Public Information
Hazard(s) Addressed
All
Objective(s) Addressed
1.2, 1.3, and 5.2
Priority
Medium
Possible Funding Sources
N/A
Responsible Party
Tyrrell County Emergency Management Director
Projected Completion Date
June, 2005