Land Use Plan Update-1985

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LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
PREPARED FOR:
THE TOWN OF CASWELL BEACH, NC
SAMLA [PLA ]MM3
PLANNERS o LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS
Adopted November 14, 1985
Certified By the Coastal Resources Commission
December 13, 1985

LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
Caswell Beach, North Carolina
Prepared by:
PLANNERS ❑ LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS
117 OSBORNE STREET
ST. MARYS, GEORGIA 31558
912/882-6650
Adopted: November 14, 1985
CRC Certification: December 13, 1985
The preparation of this report was financed in part through a grant
provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds
provided by the Coastal Zone Managment Act of 1972, as amended, which is
administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION i
EXISTING CONDITIONS 1
Existing Land Use
Policy Documents and Land Use Controls 6
Economic Conditions 6
Traffic and Parking Conditions 7
Community Facilities 7
Community Design Structure 8
Physical and Environmental Constraints 10
GROWTH TRENDS 16
Population 16
Projected Population 17
Impact on Community Facilities 18
POLICIES 19
Resource Protection 20
Physical Constraints to Development 28
Resource Production and Management 29
Provision of Services to Development 29
Economic and Community Development 31
Growth Patterns 31
Post Disaster and Storm Hazard Mitigation
Planning 32
Continuing Public Participation 35
LAND CLASSIFICATION 37

LIST OF FIGURES
page
TABLE I Existing Land Use In Caswell Beach 3
MAP
1
EXISTING LAND USE
2
MAP
2
VACANT LAND OWNERSHIP
5
MAP
3
COMMUNITY DESIGN STRUCTURE
9
MAP
4
FLOOD HAZARD AREAS
13
MAP
5
LAND CLASSIFICATION
39

INTRODUCTION
The Coastal Area Management Act of 1974 establishes a cooperative
program of coastal area management between local governments and the
State. Land use planning is intended to be central to the local govern-
ment's involvement, because it gives local leaders an opportunity to
establish and implement policies to guide the development of their
community.
The Caswell Beach Land Use Plan is an expression of long range
planning goals in which the local government has set forth its major
policies concerning desirable future development over the next ten
years.
The land use plan is an important policy document at local, region-
al, state and federal levels. The users, in addition to the Town of
Caswell Beach, are regional councils of government, state and federal
permitting agencies, and public and private funding and development
groups. Implementation of this plan is intended to provide for sound
economic development while insuring the protection of natural resources,
public health and safety.
Local Government Uses
The plan provides policy guidance for decisions related to overall
community development, and provides the basis for land development
regulations and capital facilities programming. Planning for the provi-
sion of capital intensive services, such as central sewer and water, is
aided by the land use plan's identification of likely growth trends and
by plan policies which will effect growth.
Local Land Development Uses
Developers and investors (including prospective residents) can use
the land use plan as a primary source of information about the communi-
ty. The plan provides data and analysis on present development pat-
terns, capacity of community facilities, population and growth patterns,
and physical limitations, all of which are useful in market analyses and
other feasibility studies. The plan also provides the investor with
information about the community's preferences for development types,
densities, and locations.
Regional Uses
The Caswell Beach Land Use Plan will be used by the Cape Fear
Council of Governments for regional planning purposes and in their
function as regional clearinghouse (A-95) for state and federal funding
programs. Brunswick County is using municipal plans in its jurisdiction
y in the development of a County -wide land use plan. The local plan indi-
cates to these agencies what types of development the community feels
are likely and where the development should take place.
i

State and Federal Uses
Local land use plans are used in the granting or denial of permits
for various developments within the coastal area. State and Federal
agencies must ensure their decisions consider the policies and land
classification system established by this plan. The Coastal Area Man-
agement Act stipulates that no development permit may be issued if the
proposed development is inconsistent with the local land use plan.
Similarly, decisions related to the use of federal or state funds within
the community and projects being undertaken by state and federal agen-
cies themselves must also be consistent with the local plan.
ii

EXISTING CONDITIONS
Data Collection and Analysis
The data collected in this section of the plan is taken from seve-
ral sources. Land use data was derived based on field surveys conducted
by Satilla Planning in September, 1985. Sources for data on community
facilities, economic conditions, transportation, environmental con-
straints include the Brunswick County Planning Department, the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers, the NC Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development, the N. C. Department of Transportation, local officials,
and personal observations by staff members of Satilla Planning.
The Existing Conditions section of the plan presents brief descrip-
tions of conditions pertinent to land use in Caswell Beach. General
section headings include: Existing Land Use, Policy Documents and Land
Use Controls, Economic Conditions, Traffic and Parking Conditions, Com-
munity Facilities, and Community Design Structure.
Existing Land Use
Caswell Beach is almost entirely low density residential in charac-
ter. The largest part of the beach strand is devoted to single family
residential uses. Existing Land Use is displayed graphically on Map 1.
Acreage and housing unit counts are found in Table 1.
Residential
The September, 1984 field survey identified 124 single family
dwellings in Caswell Beach occupying 41.8 acres of land in the corporate
limits. An additional 93 single family lots are platted. A multi-
family complex, Oak Island Beach Villas, consists of 140 units on a 9.2
acre tract. Caswell Dunes, another multi -family complex, is underway on
a 45.9 acre tract overlooking Caswell Beach Road and the Atlantic Ocean.
The first phase of Caswell Dunes is scheduled to include 144 units.
Existing residential uses comprise 13.6 percent of the land area in
the town. When this figure is combined with planned and platted acre-
age, the percentage increases to 32.1 percent, about one-third of the
Town's land area.
The density of existing residential development is quite low com-
pared to other North Carolina beach towns, about 5.2 units per acre.
Planned residential development, which includes undeveloped, platted
single family lots in addition to the first phase of Caswell Dunes,
averages 3.4 dwellings per acre. The density of all existing, platted
and planned residential areas would be slightly more than four units per
acre, if all of these lands were developed.
Presently, there are 264 dwelling units in the Town of Caswell
Beach. Planned residential uses (platted lots and Phase 1 of Caswell
Dunes) would double this figure, to 501 dwellings.

TOWN Of YAUPON BEACH
OAR ISLAND VILLAS
TREATMENT PLANT
A T L A N T I C O C E A N
y
CASWELL BEACH, N.C.
EXISTING LAND USE
LEGEND:
SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
MULTI -FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
PUBLIC, INSTITUTIONAL &
RECREATIONAL
COMMERCIAL/RECREATIONAL
::: li;:: !::;:;:; TRANSPORTATION & UTILITIES
0 VACANT
MAP 1
Prepared BY: SATILLA PLANNING
200 Osborne Street
St.
St. Marys, Georgia
o zao' ,000' ,Soo•
MappM Data: JANUARY, 1985
The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant pro-
vided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through
funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal
Resource Management, N.O.A.A.
Original Base Map by Duncan Stewart, 12183

TABLE I. EXISTING LAND USE IN CASWELL BEACH]
Land Use
Acres
Percent
Units
D.U./acre
Single Family
41.8
01.0
124
3.0
Multi -family
9.2
(2.5)
140*
15.2
Existing Residential
51.0
13.6
264
5.2
Planned Single Family
(platted lots)
23.5
(6.3)
93
4.0
Planned Multi -family
45.9
(12.2)
144
3.0
Planned Residential
69.4
18.5
237
3.4
Total Residential
120.4
32.1
501
4.1
Recreation/Commercial
107.0
28.5
Utilities
81.6
21.8
Recreation/Beach Access
2.0
.5
Vacant Land
63.9
17.0
TOTALS
374.9
100.0
Additional Lands
U.S. Coast Guard Station
10.7
Ft. Caswell (N. C. Baptist
Assembly)
248.0
1 Data based on results of
field
survey conducted
September, 1984, by
Satilla Planning.
*Units in Caswell Dunes built or under construction counted as part of
planned development.
3

Recreation/Commercial
This category reflects the 107 acre Oak Island Golf Course, which
includes a clubhouse facility in addition to an 18 hole course. The
golf course is the largest single use in Caswell Beach, covering some
28.5 percent of the Town's developable land area.
Utilities
Land in this category includes the CP & L outfall canal (79.7
acres) and the Oak Island Beach Villas waste treatment facility (1.9
acres).
Recreation/Beach Access
Two acres are accounted for in this category. Beach access points
include several walkways at various points along the beach strand and
land leased by the Town from CP & L which is scheduled to be improved as
a beach access parking area.
Vacant Land
Map 2, Vacant Land Ownership, displays categories of ownership for
significant vacant land in Caswell Beach. The two largest tracts are
development company holdings. Construction is underway on a 45.9 acre
tract, scheduled for development of 144 multi -family units. A 62 acre
tract will be a future phase of the same development, Caswell Dunes.
The land is located in and around Oak Island Golf Club. Vacant land
accounts for 17 percent of the land area within Caswell Beach.
Additional Lands
Located adjacent to Caswell Beach but distinct from its jurisdic-
tion are the U. S. Coast Guard Station (Oak Island) and the N. C.
Baptist Assembly property at Fort Caswell. A $3 million renovation
program was recently announced for the 248'acre Baptist Assembly proper-
ty, which serves as a summer retreat center for North Carolina Baptists.
Summary: Existing Land Use and Land Use Compatibility
The 1980 Land Use Plan assigned over 2600 acres to Caswell Beach;
however, the Town's developable .land area of Caswell Beach is roughly
375 acres. Of the developable land, some 83 percent has been developed,
planned for development or platted in residential or other uses. At the
present time it is expected that almost all of the remaining vacant land
will be developed for low density residential uses. No significant land
use compatibility problems exist now in Caswell Beach and none are
anticipated.
4

a
OAK ISLAND VILLAS
TREATMENT PLANT
TOWN OP YAUPON BEACH
A T L A N T I C O C E A N
A T L A N T I C O C E A M
Blgt" _. -.
CASWELL BEACH, N.C.
VACANT LAND OWNERSHIP
LEGEND:
INDIVIDUAL OR FAMILY
DEVELOPMENT COMPANY
WITH PRELIMINARY APPROVAL
FROM TOWN
DEVELOPMENT COMPANY
MAP 2
Prepared By SATILLA PLANNING
Osborne Street St. Ov
St. Marys, Georgia
t�
a soo' rood•
Asappala Date: JANUARY, 1985
The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant
provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through
funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal
Resource Management, N.O.A.A.
Original Base Map by Duncan Stewart. 12/83

Policy Documents and Land Use Controls
Caswell Beach participates in the CAMA land use planning program
and enforces a zoning and planned development ordinance and subdivision
regulations. The Town also has a sign ordinance and enforces the North
Carolina Building Code and Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) minor
permit regulations. The Town has received preliminary FEMA Flood Insu-
rance rate maps, dated January 22, 1985, which are still being evaluated
by the Town. It is not known when these preliminary maps will become
final.
CAMA Land Use Plan
The Caswell Beach Land Use Plan (1980) is a policy document con-
taining basic land use planning data and expressions of local policy on
issues of local and state concern. The 1985 Caswell Beach Land Use Plan
will supercede this plan on adoption.
Zoning Ordinance
The Caswell Beach Zoning Ordinance divides the Town into six zoning
districts, of which four are residential in character.
All of the developable land in the Town's business -zoned district
has been developed for multi -family uses. The remaining non-residential
zone is the recreation/commercial classification applied to the Oak
Island Golf Club.
The minimum lot size for single family lots requires 8,000 square
feet (R8 classification). The Town has a maximum building height of 35
feet, and requires significant open space (70 percent of lot area) in
conjunction with multi -family and planned developments. A provision for
planned developments is included in the ordinance, and limits the densi-
ty of planned developments to no more than four dwellings per acre.
Subdivision Regulations
This ordinance provides for procedures and site requirements for
the subdivision and platting of land in Caswell Beach and its extrater-
ritorial area. (The E.T.J. does not include the Baptist Assembly Property.)
Sign Ordinance
This ordinance essentially limits signage in the town to signs for
the purpose of advertising real estate for sale or rent.
Economic Conditions
Caswell Beach is primarily a residential community which has a low
year round population. The only commercial activity in the community,
if it can be considered such, is the 18-hole Oak Island Golf Course.
There are no retail commercial establishments in Caswell Beach other
than the golf course pro shop.
11

The nearest commercial and service establishments are located in
Yaupon and Long Beaches. A fuller range of retail and service estab-
lishments is available in Southport, seven miles away. The nearest
urban center is Wilmington, 35 miles distant.
Land values in Caswell Beach are higher, on a comparison basis,
than many other portions of Oak Island. The higher real estate values
may be attributable to the community's low density and the proximity of
most high ground areas to natural amenities such as marsh and oceanfront
views.
Traffic and Parking Conditions
Caswell Beach is linked to the mainland via N.C. 133 and Caswell
Beach Road. Because of the extreme narrowness of most of the Town, all
residential lots access directly onto N.C. 133. Internal circulation
patterns have been designed for Oak Island Beach Villas and are planned
or under construction for Caswell Dunes.
Average daily traffic loads on Caswell Beach Road average less than
1000 cars per day, according to N. C. Dept. of Transportation figures.
Traffic in summer is substantially higher than in other seasons due to
the presence of seasonal residents, vacationers, and the use of the N.
C. Baptist Assembly property by church groups. However, even if the
number of dwelling units in Caswell Beach reaches its potential buildout
capacity, the capacity of the existing road should be adequate to handle
the expected traffic volumes.
The town's main corridor, Caswell Beach Road, is seriously threat-
ened by erosion. Early in 1985, a severe winter storm caused sections
of the road to be undermined for a distance of about 500 feet. The road
has been repaired, but the road is still vulnerable to erosion.
Parking conditions in Caswell Beach are generally associated with
beach access. In the past, the Town has experienced problems with road-
side parking along Caswell Beach Road during the summer tourist months.
The addition of a planned 25 car beach access parking area may reduce
this problem. Town officials have expressed a desire to place no park-
ing signs along Caswell Beach Road but must secure N. C. Department of
Transportation approval to do so.
Community Facilities
Caswell Beach is a small community with a limited year round popu-
lation and limited services. Services provided directly by the Town
include police protection and garbage collection.
Sewer and Water
Caswell Beach has no central sewage treatment plant. Oak Island
7

Beach Villas operates and maintains a package treatment plant. Single
family residences are served by septic tanks, as are units in Caswell
Dunes.
The Town's water supply is part of the Brunswick County water
system. The County is in the process of forecasting long range popula-
tion trends on a county -wide basis, partly in order to predict water
demand for areas it supplies. These forecasts are discussed under
Population (page 16 - 18).
Police and Fire
The Town of Caswell Beach employs one full time police officer.
Fire services are provided by neighboring Yaupon Beach. The Town
contributes funds to Yaupon Beach for the provision of fire protection.
Town Government and Administration
The Town Hall is currently housed in Oak Island Beach Villas. The
Town employs a Town Clerk. A new Town Hall is scheduled to be built on
land adjacent to Oak Island Beach Villas. Under the currently proposed
plan, access to the new Town Hall would be possible from both Caswell
Beach Road and Robert L. Jones Street. Jones Street, presently an
unpaved pedestrian access way and utility easement, would be partially
paved to provide access and additional parking spaces.
Recreation and Beach Access
There are currently five beach accessways in Caswell Beach. The
Town has recently reached an agreement with Carolina Power & Light to
construct a 25 car beach access parking lot on lots on the oceanfront
side of the CP & L discharge facility. Spaces for bicycle parking are
also planned for the access area.
Additionally, the Town has recently discussed the possibility of
placing a bicycle path along the length of Caswell Beach Road with
officials at the North Carolina Department of Transportation.
Community Design Structure
The way a person views the town he or she lives in - that is, how
it looks and the kinds of feelings it evokes - is a subtle but very
important part of a town's liveability. Caswell Beach is arguably one
of North Carolina's most attractive beach communities. A curving bar-
rier island strand, it lies at the eastern end of Oak Island, at the
mouth of the Cape Fear River. Its ocean views are enhanced by the
presence of Bald Head Island to the east; many of its sound views
feature the historic community of Southport to the north.
A community's design structure is composed of those physical fea-
tures which give a town individuality and legibility. Its public image
can be traced to a specific mental picture carried by a large number of
the town's residents and visitors. Generally speaking, community design
is shaped by the following elements:
0

PROPOSED
TOWN HALL
SITE
oAa lewd vaw`
TREATMENT PLANT
OAK ISLAND VILLAS
A T L A N T I C O C E A N EROSION THREATENS ROAD
A T L A N T I C O C E A N
AREA
CASWELL BEACH, N.C.
COMMUNITY DESIGN STRUCTURE
LEGEND:
LANDMARK
DISTRICT
--- PATHWAY
MAP 3
Prepared By, SATILLA PLANNING
Osborne Street St. v
St. Marys, Georgia
rim
Mappm6 Dare: JANUARY, 1985 e' �� rood rwv
The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant pro-
vided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through
funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal
Resource Management, N.O.A.A.
Original Base Map by Duncan Stewart, 12/83

o Pathways. These are the channels along which an observer
moves. For many people, these are the predominant elements in
their community image. Caswell Beach Road is the key pathway
in Caswell Beach.
o Districts. These are sections of the town with a two-
dimensional character, which the observer mentally enters
"inside of", and which are recognizable as having some common
identifying character. Examples of districts in Caswell Beach
include unincorporated areas of activity, such as the U.S.
Coast Guard Oak Island Station and the N.C. Baptist Assembly.
o Landmarks. These are another type of point reference but in
this case the observer does not enter within them - they are
external. They are usually simply defined physical objects: a
building, sign, store or mountain. Some landmarks are visible
from only a short distance, while others are some distance
away. The gated entrance to the N.C. Baptist Assembly
property is such a landmark.
The pattern of these elements provides a framework for organizing
and analyzing the form and appearance of the natural and manmade
environment. Map 3 (previous page) graphically displays the concept of
Community Design Structure in Caswell Beach.
Physical and Environmental Constraints
Physical Limitations to Development
Soils
Most residential dwellings in Caswell Beach are served by septic
tanks. Because of the proximity of most developable lands to fragile
areas such as wetlands and surface waters, soil suitability for septic
tanks is of concern in Caswell Beach.
The 1980 Land Use Plan Update contained an extensive soil analysis
for Caswell Beach. Of the developed and developable land within Caswell
Beach, almost all soils were judged to have only slight limitations for
septic tank suitability. The only developable area with limitations in
the moderate category was a portion of the Oak Island Beach Villas
property. Oak Island Beach Villas is served by a package sewage treat-
ment plant.
Soils in Caswell Beach were analyzed according to their development
suitability for five indicators:
o depth of seasonal high water table
o drainage conditions
o bearing capacity
o septic tank capability
o local roads and streets
E

Based on these five indicators, soils have been classified in one
of four categories:
o suitable
o moderately suitable, some drainage needed
o marginally suitable if drained
o highly unsuitable, flooding common
Soils classifed as suitable have slight limitations for all of the
development indicators and generally are excessively well drained.
Soils in the suitable category include:
o Kureb fine sand
o Wando fine sand
o Newhan fine sand
Most soils in the developed and developable areas of Caswell Beach
are classified suitable.
Soils classified as moderate include the Newhan - Corolla complex.
These soils are generally found in only one area in Caswell Beach, in
the vicinity of Oak Island Beach Villas.
Soils in the marginally suitable category include two categories of
manmade soils and one soil classification with a seasonally high water
table requiring extensive drainage activity for urban use. Soils in the
marginally suitable -category include:
o Leon fine sand
o Dredge spoil
o Madeland
Two distinct types of soils in Caswell Beach fall into the unsuita-
ble category. Accounted for here are soils associated with the beach
and dune area and soils associated with wetlands and marshes. Soils in
the unsuitable category include:
o Beach - Foredune association
o Bohicket soils
Potable Water Supply
Caswell Beach is served by the Brunswick County water system, which
draws potable water from wells located in rural, inland areas of the
County. It is unlikely that activities in Caswell Beach can effect the
potable water supply and recharge of Brunswick County well fields.
Hazard Areas
Hurricane Hazard Areas
In 1983, the North Carolina Coastal Resources Commission adopted
rules for hurricane hazard planning for all coastal communities. One of
the first requirements in planning for storm hazards is the identifica-
tion of hazard areas and those structures at risk within them. As part

of the hurricane guidelines, classifications for hazard areas were
defined as follows:
Severity Rank 1: Ocean Erodible AEC's, Inlet Hazard AEC's, and Estua-
rine Shoreline AEC's
Severity Rank 2: Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) V-
zones and Coastal Wetlands AEC's
Severity Rank 3: FEMA A -zones
Severity Rank 4: Rest of community
Caswell Beach is in the emergency phase of the Flood Insurance Program
but has received preliminary Flood Insurance Rate Maps. These maps have
not as yet been adopted by the Town; however, a hazard assessment based
on the preliminary maps is given below. Flood Hazard "A" and "V" zones,
as indicated on the Town's preliminary FIRM, are shown on Map 4.
Hazard Area l: These areas are potentially subject to erosion and
scour, wave action and battering, flooding and high winds in hurricane
or tropical storm conditions.
In Caswell Beach, only those structures located within the Ocean
Erodible AEC fall into this category. A small number (4) of single
family dwellings were counted in this category as well as portions of
Caswell Beach Road. Portions of Caswell Beach Road and these structures
• classified in this category are located on the oceanfront in the vicini-
ty of the CP & L outfall.
The economic implications of structures at risk can be determined
by estimating reconstruction costs at current prices. For single family
dwellings, reconstruction costs can be estimated on the basis of average
square footage times the number of units at risk times $ 60 per square
foot. If houses average 1700 square feet in size, the replacement cost
for single family structures at risk in Hazard Area 1 would be $
408,000.
Hazard Area 2: This category includes coastal wetlands and FEMA V-
zones. Much of the development along Caswell Beach Road falls into this
category. The actual number of dwelling units located in this hazard
area are:
Single Family Residential: 114
Multi -family Residential 70
Using the same methodology to calculate the value of single family
• dwellings at risk as was used for Hazard Area 1, the replacement cost
for single family dwellings in Hazard Area 2 is $ 11.6 million. If the
replacement cost of multi -family units is estimated at $ 90,000 (present
retail value), the value of multi -family structures at risk in Hazard
Area 2 is $ 6.3 million.
Hazard Area 3: This category includes FEMA A -zones. Properties in such
hazard areas are subject to flooding and high winds during hurricane or
12

OAK ISAL
TREATMI
A T L A N T I C O C E A N
CASWELL BEACH, N.C.
FLOOD HAZARD MAP
LEGEND:
too
W, q FLOOD HAZARD AREAS (`V' ZONES)
.................
FLOOD HAZARD AREAS
100 YEAR FLOOD PLAIN (`A' ZONES)
This Map Is Based on the Town Flood Insurance Rate Map
Dated 1-22-85 , Which is Currently tinder Review
MAP 4
Prepared By: SATILLA PLANNING
Osborne Street St. v
St. Marys, Georgia
etP�
Mapping Date: JANUARY, 1985 �-api
The preparation of this map was financed in pan through a grant pro-
vided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through
funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, a,
amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal
Resource Management, N.O.A.A.
Original Base Map by Duncan Stewart. 12/83

tropical storm conditions. The following uses were found in Hazard Area
3:
Multi -family Residential: 46
The replacement cost of structures in Hazard Area 3, using the same
methodology as applied for other hazard areas, is $ 4.1 million.
Although much existing residential development in Caswell Beach
falls into hazard areas, almost all new development in Caswell Beach
will be concentrated in areas above the 100 year flood plain and out of
Ocean Hazard Areas. The planned and under construction Caswell Dunes
development lies almost entirely in B-zone areas.
Fragile Areas
Areas of Environmental Concern
Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC's) are sensitive environmental
and cultural areas protected by the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA).
General categories of these areas are identified through state guide-
lines according to the Administrative Procedures Act, as administered by
the Division of Coastal Management. Special areas of local or regional
environmental or cultural significance can be nominated as AEC's by
individuals, groups or governing bodies.
AEC's lying within Caswell Beach's jurisdiction include Coastal
Wetlands, Estuarine Waters, Estuarine Shorelines, Public Trust Areas,
Ocean Erodible Areas, High Hazard Flood Areas, and Natural and Cultural
Resource Areas.
Coastal Wetlands are defined generally as any marshland subject to
regular or occasional flooding by tides. These wetlands are the breed-
ing and nursery grounds for fish and shellfish species which make up
over ninety (90) percent of North Carolina's commercial catch.
Estuarine Waters are defined as all waters of the Atlantic Ocean
within the state boundaries and all waters of the bays, sounds, rivers
and tributaries seaward to the dividing line between coastal fishing
waters and inland fishing waters, as defined by North Carolina law.
Their productive significance is similar to that of coastal wetlands.
Additional benefits include the stimulation of the coastal economy
through operations required to serve coastally-oriented commercial and
sporting industries.
Estuarine Shorelines are non -ocean shorelines which are especially
vulnerable to erosion and flooding. They extend landward a distance of
75 feet from the mean high water level along all estuarine waters.
The significance of estuarine shorelines lies in their proximity to
sensitive coastal systems. Estuarine shorelines are also subject in
many areas to intense development activities which may have a potential-
ly detrimental impact on those sensitive systems.
14

Public Trust Areas can be generally defined as all estuarine water
areas and all lands under such waters, and may also include artificially
created bodies of -water (and the lands underneath) to which the public
has rights of access and/or navigation.
ocean Erodible Areas are areas were there exists a substantial
possibility of excessive erosion and significant shoreline fluctuation.
The seaward boundary of Ocean Erodible areas is the mean low water line.
The landward boundary is variable and is determined on a site to site
basis, calculated from the first line of stable vegetation to a reces-
sion line based on past erosion rates for the area as determined by the
Coastal Resoures Commission.
High Hazard Flood Areas are those areas subject to high velocity
waters in a storm having a one percent chance of being equaled or
exceeded in any given year. These areas correspond with "V-zone" areas
mapped on flood insurance rate maps prepared by the Federal Insurance
Administration, U. S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development.
Natural and Cultural Resource Areas are defined as areas containing
environmental, natural or cultural resources of more than local signifi-
cance in which uncontrolled or incompatible development could result in
major or irreversible damage to natural systems or cultural resources.
15

GROWTH TRENDS
Population
The 1980 Census found that Caswell Beach had a permanent population
of 110 persons. This represented a tripling of year round population
since 1970 (year round 1970 population: 28); however the actual numeri-
cal increase for the decade is still very low.
The N. C. Office of State Budget and Management published an esti-
mate of Caswell Beach's July 1982 permanent population in late 1983.
The 1982 estimate was 127 persons.
Of more utility in a beach community like Caswell Beach are peak
seasonal population estimates. The Brunswick County Planning Department
has prepared draft peak seasonal population estimates for all of its
municipalities for summer, 1984. These figures are subject to refine-
ment. The preliminary figures for Caswell Beach are as follows:
Seasonal
Seasonal
Permanent
Total Peak
units
Population
Population
Population
87
696
201
897
Data derived from the citizen's survey conducted in conjunction
with the citizen participation plan has been analyzed and is used here
for comparison with the Brunswick County figures.
The Brunswick County figures reflect two separate calculations: one
for year round population, one for seasonal population. Peak seasonal
population is the result of adding these totals. The same approach will
be used here using data gathered from the survey.
Survey results show that 24 % of responders who indicated they
resided in Caswell Beach on a year round or seasonal basis were year
round residents. Multiplying the applicable percent figure times the
total of number of units in Caswell Beach yields 63 year round dwel-
lings. Multiplying this figure times the average occupancy rate (2.8
persons per dwelling for year round occupancy, as indicated in the
survey) results in a year round population estimate of 176, about 12 %
lower than the Brunswick County 1984 estimate of 1201.
It is possible to estimate peak seasonal population using the same
methodology for each group of units (year. round: 63;.seasonal: 201). In
the following chart, each group of units was multiplied times an esti-
mated overall occupancy rate (such as 75 % in the low seasonal esti-
mate), then multiplied times the appropriate dwelling occupancy for each
group of units. The occupancy rate used for the moderate estimate was
derived by combining average and peak scores for each tenancy group.
16

Peak Seasonal Population Estimates (1985)
Low (75 % of dwellings
occupied (198) times 684
average occupancy
rate: 3.45 persons
per unit)
Moderate (80 % of dwellings
occupied (211) times 1,130
combined average and peak
occupancy rates: 5.35
persons per unit)
High (95 % of dwellings
occupied (250) times peak 1,888
occupancy rates: 7.55
persons per unit)
An additional factor not accounted for in the peak population
estimates is the summertime use of Fort Caswell by church groups. As
many as one thousand persons may reside at the Baptist Assembly facility
in a given week. While many Fort Caswell users arrive at their destina-
tion by bus, a significant amount use personal vehicles, adding a signi-
ficant transportation impact on Caswell Beach Road.
Because of the present lack of parking facilities at beach access
points in Caswell Beach, peak summer day visitorship is low in propor-
tion to other population factors. However, a combination of the poten-
tial peak seasonal population, peak Fort Caswell population, and day
visitorship could yield a summertime high of nearly 3,000 persons based
on the above analysis.
projected Population
Because Caswell Beach is such a small community, it is difficult to
project population over a time frame with any degree of confidence.
However, almost all of the community's small land area is either devel-
oped, platted or planned. The remaining vacant land is subject to a
zoning limitation of four (4) units per acre. It is therefore possible
to estimate a build out housing count, which can be used to estimate
future population.
Existing and planned dwelling units total 501. The maximum devel-
opment potential of the remaining vacant land in Caswell Beach is 255
dwellings. Thus, Caswell Beach has a potential housing total of 756
dwellings.
There is no way to accurately estimate when and if these units will
be built. However, given past growth trends in Caswell Beach and the
relatively small amount of vacant land remaining, a good likelihood
exists that most or all of these potential units will be built within
the next ten years.
17

Based on this assumption and using the current year round occupancy
rates (24 % of all units at 2.8 persons per dwelling), Caswell Beach's
permanent population for 1995 would be 508 persons.
Using the same methodology used in estimating current peak seasonal
population, the following projections would result for 1995.
Peak Seasonal Population Projections (1995)
Low (75 % of dwellings
occupied (567) times averag 1,958
occupancy rates: 3.45
persons per unit)
Moderate (80 % of dwellings
occupied (605) times combined 3,238
average and peak
occupancy rates: 5.35
persons per unit)
High (95 % of dwellings
occupied (718) times peak 5,405
occupancy rates: 7.55
persons per unit)
Constraints to Development: Impact on Community Facilities
The nearly exponential growth forecast. for Caswell Beach over the
ten-year planning period will require the Town's continued attention to
the provision of necessary municipal services.
Expansion will probably be required in terms of police personnel;
the Town's current methods of handling fire protection and building
inspections may need to be modified to accommodate greater demands as
they arise. The Town's current plans for expanding recreation/beach
access facilities and the construction of a new Town Hall are far-
sighted and should prove adequate for projected needs during the plan-
ning period.
The continued development of the Town will increase the desirabili-
ty of some sort of centralized sewage treatment system to serve present
and future demand. The economic viability of providing this service to
the Caswell Beach area depends on whether or not such a system is
economically feasible for the larger Oak Island area.
In terms of capacity, Caswell Beach Road (N.C. 133) should be
adequate to accommodate average daily traffic (ADT) loads for even the
highest projected population levels over the next ten years. The build -
out projection of 756 dwellings would result in an ADT load of about
one half of N.C. 133's capacity.
W.

POLICY STATEMENTS
The Caswell Beach Board of Commissioners has adopted the
following policies for dealing with land use planning issues which
will affect the community within the next ten years. These
policies establish a systematic basis by which proposed
developments will be judged. If a proposed project or development
would violate the intent of these policies, action to prevent its
construction will be taken by local, state and federal government
agencies.
Outline of Policy Statements
1. RESOURCE PROTECTION
a. Estuarine System
b. Ocean Hazard Areas
c. Natural and Cultural Resources
d. Storm Water Runoff
e. Marina & Floating Home Development
f. Development of Sound & Estuarine Islands
g. Water Supply Protection
2. PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS TO DEVELOPMENT
a. Septic Tank Suitability
b. Package Sewage Treatment Plants
c. Storm Drainage
3. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
a. Commercial and Recreational Fisheries
b. Off -Road Vehicles
c. Residential and Commercial Development
4. PROVISION OF SERVICES TO DEVELOPMENT
a. Public Water Supply
b. Public Sewerage System
c. Solid Waste Disposal
d. Rescue Squad and Fire Protection
e. Public School system
f. Transportation, Roads
g. Beach and Water Access
5. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
a. Community Development, Residential and Commercial
b. Industrial Development
c. Commitment to State and Federal Programs
6. GROWTH PATTERNS
a. Compact Growth
b. Provision of Services
c. Population Growth
d. Segregation of Existing Land Uses
e. Housing and Land Use Development
f. Compliance with Official Plans and Ordinances

7. POST DISASTER AND STORM HAZARD MITIGATION
PLANNING
8. CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
1. RESOURCE PROTECTION
Caswell Beach will support and enforce through its CAMA
permitting capacity the State Policies and permitted uses in the
Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC's). The State Policy
Statements for AEC's offer protection for Caswell Beach's fragile
and significant environmental resources through CAMA permitting
procedures. In Accordance with those policies set forth in
subchapter 7H of the State CAMA regulations, Caswell Beach adopts
the following policies concerning AEC's in its jurisdiction.
a. The Estuarine System. In recognition of the enormous
economic, social, and biological values the estuarine system
has for North Carolina, Caswell Beach will promote
conservation and management of the estuarine system as a
whole, which includes the individual AEC's: coastal wetlands,
estuarine waters, public trust areas, and estuarine
shorelines.
The management objective for the system shall be to give
highest priority to the protection and coordinated management
of all the elements as an interrelated group of AEC's, so as
to safeguard and perpetuate their biological, social,
economic, and aesthetic values, and to minimize the
likelihood of significant loss of private property and
public resources.
In general, permitted land uses in the coastal wetlands,
estuarine waters, and public trust areas shall be those which
are water dependent. Examples of such uses may include:
utility easements, docks, boat ramps, dredging, bridges and
bridge approaches, revetments, bulkheads, culverts, groins,
navigational aids, mooring pilings, navigational channels,
simple access channels, and drainage ditches.
Land uses that are not water dependent shall not be permitted
in coastal wetlands and public trust areas. Examples of uses
that are not water dependent may include: restaurants,
residences, apartments, motels, hotels, trailer parks,
private roads, factories, and parking lots.
Specific policies regarding the individual AEC's of the
estuarine system are stated below. In every instance the
particular location, use, and design characteristics shall be
in accord with the general use standards for coastal
wetlands, estuarine waters, and public trust areas as stated
in subchapter 7H of the State CAMA regulations.
20

(1) Coastal Wetlands. Activities in the coastal wetland
areas shall be restricted to those which do not
significantly affect the unique and delicate balance of
this resource. Suitable land uses include those giving
highest priority to the protection and management of
coastal wetlands, so as to safeguard and perpetuate
their biological, social, economic, and aesthetic
values to establish a coordinated management system
i capable of conserving and utilizing coastal wetlands as
a natural resource essential to the functioning of the
entire estuarine system. Highest priority of use shall
be allocated to the conservation of existing coastal
wetlands. Second priority shall be given to those uses
that require water access and cannot function
elsewhere.
Acceptable land uses may include utility easements,
fishing piers, and docks. Unacceptable uses may
include, but would not be limited to, restaurants,
businesses, residences, apartments, motels, hotels,
parking lots, private roads, and highways.
(2) Estuarine Waters. In recognition of the importance of
estuarine waters for the fisheries and related
industries as well as aesthetics, recreation, and
education, Caswell Beach shall promote the conservation
and quality of this resource. Activities in the
estuarine water areas shall be restricted to those
which do not permanently or significantly affect the
function, cleanliness, salinity, and circulation of
estuarine waters. Suitable land/water uses include
those giving highest priority to the conservation and
management of these areas so as to safeguard and
perpetuate their biological, social, economic, and
aesthetic values and to establish a coordinated
management system capable of conserving and utilizing
estuarine waters in order to maximize their bet►efits to
man and the estuarine system. Highest priority of use
shall be allocated to the conservation of estuarine
waters and its vital components. Second priority shall
be given to uses that require water access and cannot
function elsewhere.
Appropriate uses may include simple access channels,
structures which prevent erosion, navigation channels,
boat docks, marinas, piers, and mooring pilings.
Caswell Beach, in recognition of potential shellfish
areas pollution problems which would close these areas
to harvesting, supports the construction of waste water
collection and treatment facilities.
(3) Public Trust Areas. In recognition of certain land and
water areas in which the public has certain established
rights and which also support valuable commercial and
21

sports fisheries, have aesthetic value, and are
resources for economic development, Caswell Beach shall
protect these rights and promote the conservation and
management of public trust areas. Suitable land/water
uses include those which protect public rights for
navigation and recreation and those which preserve and
manage the public trust areas in order to safeguard and
perpetuate their biological, economic, social, and
aesthetic value, e.g. dredging, bulkheading, jettying.
In the absence of overriding public benefit, any use
which significantly interferes with the public right of
navigation or other public trust rights which apply in
the area shall not be allowed. Projects which would
directly or indirectly block or impair existing
navigation channels, increase shoreline erosion,
deposit spoils below mean high tide, cause adverse
water circulation patterns, violate water quality
standards, or cause degredation of shellfish waters
will, in general, not be allowed.
Uses that may be allowed in public trust areas shall
not be detrimental to the public trust rights and the
biological and physical functions of the estuary.
Examples of such uses include the development of
navigational channels or drainage ditches, the use of
bulkheads to prevent erosion, the building of piers,
docks, or marinas.
(4) Estuarine Shoreline. CAMA defines the estuarine
shoreline at Caswell Beach as the areas 75 feet
landward of the estuarine waters. Caswell Beach
recognizes: (1) the close association between
estuarine shorelines and adjacent estuarine waters, (2)
the influence shoreline development has on the quality
of estuarine life, and (3) the damaging processes of
shorefront erosion and flooding to which the estuarine
shoreline is subject.
Shoreline development may have profound effect on
adjacent estuarine waters. For example, effluent from
poorly placed or functioning septic systems can pollute
shellfish areas which represent much greater economic
benefit to the town's citizens than do the residential
uses of estuarine shoreline areas. In recognition of
this fact, Caswell Beach discourages the use of
estuarine shoreline areas for residential purposes
where there is a substantial chance of pollution
occurring.
The natural process of erosion transforms shoreline
areas into public trust areas. It shall be the policy
of Caswell Beach to allow this natural process to occur
if life or structures are not in jeopardy.
Suitable land uses are those compatible with both the
22

b.
dynamic nature of estuarine shorelines and the values
of the estuarine system.
Residential, recreational, and commercial land uses are
all appropriate types of use along the estuarine
shoreline provided that:
(a) a substantial chance of pollution occurring from
the development does not exist,
(b) natural barriers to erosion are preserved and not
substantially weakened or eliminated,
(c) the construction of impervious surfaces and areas
not allowing natural drainage is limited to only
that necessary to adequately service the
development,
(d) standards of the North Carolina Sedimentation
Pollution Control Act 1973, as amended, are met,
(e) development does not have a significant adverse
impact on estuarine resources,
(f) development does not significantly interfere with
existing public rights of access to, or use of,
navigable waters public resources.
Ocean Hazard Areas. In recognition of the critical nature of
Ocean Hazard Areas due to their special vulnerability to
erosion and dynamic processes and their possible danger to
life and property because of natural forces, Caswell Beach
supports the State Policies for Ocean Hazard Areas in
Subchapter 7H of the State CAMA Regulations. The Ocean
Hazard Area designation for Caswell Beach includes the AEC's
of ocean erodible areas, high hazard flood areas, and inlet
hazard areas.
Suitable land uses in Ocean Hazard Areas.generally are those
which eliminate unreasonable danger to life and property and
which achieve a balance between the financial, safety, and
social factors involved in hazard area development. Ocean
shoreline erosion control activities and dune
establishment/stablization are acceptable types of land uses.
Residential, and recreational land uses and parking lots for
beach access are also acceptable types of.use in Ocean Hazard
Areas provided that:
(1) Setback measurements (this setback applies only to
structures with more than 3 dwelling units or 5,000
square feet) begin at the first line of stable
vegetation and continue inland to a depth 60 times the
average annual rate of erosion. Provided there has
been no long term erosion or the rate of erosion is
less than two feet per year, this distance is set at
120 feet. In areas where the erosion rate is more
23

than 3.5 feet per year, the setback line is based on a
distance of 30 times the long-term annual erosion rate
plus 105 feet. Average annual erosion rates in Caswell
Beach are as follows:
o 5 feet from Robert Jones Drive east to the end
of Oak Island Villas.
o 3.5 feet from Oak Island Villas east to the C.P.& L.
canal/pumping station.
o 2 feet from the C.P.& L canal east to the North
Carolina Baptist Assembly Grounds.
(2) Development does not involve the significant removal or
relocation of frontal dune sand or vegetation thereon.
(3) Development is consistent with minimum lot size and set
back requirements established by local regulations.
(4) Development implements means and methods to mitigate or
minimize adverse impacts of the project.
(5) Development of growth -inducing public facilities such
as sewers, waterlines, roads, bridges, and erosion
control measures occurs only in cases where:
(a) national or state interest and public benefits are
clearly overriding factors,
(b) facilities would not exacerbate existing hazards
or damage natural buffers,
(c) facilities would be reasonably safe from flood and
erosion related damage,
(d) facilities do not promote growth and development
in Ocean Hazard Areas.
(6) Prior to the issuance of any permit for development in
the Ocean Hazard AEC's, there shall be a written
acknowledgment from the applicant is aware of the risks
associated with development in this hazardous area.
By granting permits, the Coastal Resources Commission
does not guarantee the safety of the liability for
damage to the development.
(7) Caswell Beach, recognizing that erosion along the beach
has caused many problems, supports beach renourishment
projects that would allow approved -suitable soils to be
taken from the Intracoastal Waterway and inlet dredging
operations and placed on designated island beaches
area.
(8) Caswell Beach has adopted an ordinance to prohibit
vehicles in beach and dune areas. One of the intents
24

of the ordinance is to control erosion.
(9) Caswell Beach supports the establishment of programs to
control littering thoughout the town and particularly
in Ocean Hazard Areas.
C. Natural and Cultural Resource Areas. Uncontrolled or
incompatible development may result in major or irreversible
damage to fragile coastal resource areas which contain
environmental, natural, or cultural resources of more than
local significance. In recognition of this Caswell Beach
will seek to protect such natural systems or cultural
resources; scientific, educational, or associative values;
and aesthetic qualities.
Individual AEC's included in this general category are:
coastal complex natural areas, coastal areas that sustain
remnant species, unique coastal geologic formations,
significant coastal architectural resources, and significant
coastal historic architectural resources. Their description
and significance is found in this plan under Fragile Areas.
In general, these resources are noted to be valuable
educational, scientific, and aesthetic resources that cannot
be duplicated. They may be important components in a natural
system or in the broad patterns of history. Their importance
serves to distinguish the designated areas as significant in
relation to the coastal landscape and historical
architectural and archaeological remains in the coastal zone.
In accordance with policies stated in subchapter 7H of the
State CAMA regulations, Caswell Beach will support the
following actions regarding these irreplaceable resources:
(1) Protection of unique habitat conditions that are
necessary to the continued survival of threatened and
endangered native plants and animals and to minimize
land use impacts that might jeopardize these
conditions.
(2) Protection of the features of a designated coastal
complex natural area in order to safeguard its
biological relationships, educational and scientific
values, and aesthetic qualities. Specific objectives
for each of these functions shall be related to the
following policy statements either singly or in
combination:
(a) To protect the natural conditions or the sites
that function as key or unique components of coastal
systems. The interactions of various life forms are
the foremost concern and include sites that are
necessary for the completion of life cycles, areas that
function as links to other wildlife areas (wildlife
corridors), and localities where the links between
biological and physical environments are most fragile.
25

(b) To protect the identified scientific and
educational values and to ensure that the site will be
accessible for related study purposes.
(c) To protect the values of the designated coastal
complex natural area as expressed by the local
government and citizenry. These values should be
related to the educational and aesthetic qualities of
the feature.
(3) Conservation of coastal archaeological resources of
more than local significance to history or prehistory
that constitute important scientific sites, or are
valuable educational, associative, or aesthetic
resources. Specific objectives for each of these
functions shall be related to the following policy
statements either singly or in combination:
(a) to conserve significant archaeological resources,
including their spatial and structural context and
characteristics through site preservation or
scientific study,
(b) to insure that the designated archaeological
resource, or the information contained therein, be
preserved for and be accessible to the scientific and
educational communities for related study purposes.
(c) to protect the values of the designated
archaeological resource as expressed by the local
government and citizenry; these values should be
related to the educational, associative or aesthetic
qualities of the resource.
Development may be permitted in designated fragile
coastal natural or cultural resource areas provided
that:
(1) The proposed design and location will cause no
major or irreversible damage to the stated values
of a particular resource. One or more of the
following values must be considered depending
upon the stated significance of the resource:
(a) Development shall preserve the values of the
individual resource as it functions as a
critical component of a natural system.
(b) Development shall not adversely affect the
values of the resource as a unique
scientific, associative, or educational
resource.
(c) Development shall be consistent with the
26

aesthetic values of a resource as identified
by the local government and citizenry.
(2) No reasonable alternative sites are available
outside the designated AEC.
(.3) Reasonable mitigation measures have been
considered and incorporated into the project
plan. These measures shall include consultation
with recognized authorities and with the Coastal
Resources Commission.
(4) The project will be of equal or greater public
benefit than those benefits lost or damaged
through development.
d. Storm Water Runoff - Uncontrolled development adjacent to
coastal waters can pose a serious threat to the estuarine
system through the rapid discharge pollutants washed off of
impervious surfaces via storm water. Impervious surfaces
include streets, parking lots, and rooftops.
Caswell Beach's existing development policies as specified in
the Town's zoning ordinance, limit residential development to
no more than four dwelling units per acre with a minimum of
70% open space or a maximum of 30% lot coverage.
Additionally, all Planned Development applications must
include a drainage plan submittal which in turn is reviewed
by the Town to insure that impervious surfaces are kept to
the minimum required to adequately serve the development and
to insure that storm water from large impervious areas is not
directly discharged to the estuarine system.
Further, it is the policy of the town to promote the use of
best available management practices to minimize the threat of
pollution from storm water runoff. This will be accomplished
through site plan reviews, as required by the Town's
development regulations. Examples of these practices include
using pervious or semi -pervious materials, such as turfstone
or gravel -run, %or driveways and walks, retaining natural
vegetation along marsh and waterfront areas to retain its
natural filtering properties, and allowing storm water to
percolate into the ground rather than discharging it directly
to coastal waters.
e. Marina and Floating Home Development. Marina and associated
Floating Home Development can impact surrounding land and
water areas in many ways. For example, alteration to natural
systems can significantly effect resource production.
Recognizing this, the State, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers have placed
extensive limitations on the Alteration of. Natural Systems in
conjunction with marina development. Caswell Beach's
jurisdiction as to marina development lies primarily with its
zoning authority. The Caswell Beach zoning ordinance will
allow the town to consider location of any proposed marina
27

facility in conjunction with the location and scale of
operation because any marina proposal will require rezoning
under the terms of the existing zoning ordinance.
It is the policy of Caswell Beach to consider the appropriate-
ness and desirability of any specific proposal to construct a
marina or associated Floating Home development on the basis
of impact on neighboring uses including aesthetics, hours of
operation; traffic generation including ability of the
existing road network to adequately handle peak traffic
loads; environmental impacts including water quality and
dredge spoil disposal sites; and consistency of the proposal
with other policies of the Land Use Plan.
f. Development of Sound and Estuarine Islands. The only sound
and estuarine islands within Caswell Beach's jurisdiction are
dredge spoil areas which are controlled by the U.S.
government. Therefore, the Town has no policy with respect
to the use of these areas beyond other Land Use Plan
policies.
g. Water Supply Protection. The Town's water system is supplied
by Brunswick County. The County system draws its supply from
the Castle Haynes Aquifer which is recharged on the main-
land. Therefore, little or no danger of pollution of the
water supply from island development exists.
2. PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS TO DEVELOPMENT
Caswell Beach adopts the following policies regarding
physical constraints to development.
a. Septic Tank Suitability
Septic tanks are allowed in Caswell Beach only in
conformity with State Health regulations. Because the town
has no direct permitting authority over septic tanks and
supports current state policy in this area, a local policy
has not been adopted beyond applicable policies contained
elsewhere in this plan.
b. Package Sewage Treatment Plants
Caswell Beach may permit the use of private sewage
collection and treatment systems if associated development is
consistent with the town's development plans and policies; the
system meets state and federal permitting requirements; the
project will have no adverse impacts beyond its boundaries.
C. Storm Drainage
Growth and development will not be allowed where poor
drainage exists unless appropriate corrective improvements
are proposed as part of the project. Corrective measures
must be proposed by way of a project drainage plan and must
28

be certified by a State Registered Civil Engineer, Architect or
Landscape Architect.
3. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
Caswell Beach's natural resources play a vital role in its
economy. It's waters and beaches are utilized for recreational
uses as well as for fishing. Protection of these resources is a
prime concern of Caswell Beach. To deal with issues that involve
resource production and management, Caswell Beach adopts the
following policies:
a. Commercial and Recreational Fisheries
Protection of Coastal and Estuarine Waters is a prime
prerequisite to the protection of area fisheries. Habitats
for shellfish and finfish in all stages of their life cycle
must be preserved in order to maintain fishing as a viable
economic and recreational activity. Therefore, any
development which will profoundly and adversely affect
Coastal and Estuarine Waters will be discouraged. In the
design, construction and operation of water dependent
developments, every effort must be made to mitigate
negative effects on water quality and fish habitat. These
efforts will be at the owners' or operators' own expense.
b. Off - Road Vehicles
Caswell Beach's beach and dune areas are the
principal concern with respect to off -road vehicle policies.
Accordingly, all vehicles are prohibited from beach and dune
areas year round except emergency vehicles under the terms
of a Town ordinance adopted November 6, 1975.
c. Residential and Commercial Development
Caswell Beach supports low density residential and minimal
commercial development that is in compliance with the Town's
zoning ordinance, other applicable town development regu-
lations, and the other policy areas.
4. PROVISION OF SERVICES TO DEVELOPMENT
a. Public Water Supply
Water is currently supplied to all developed areas in
the Town. It is Caswell Beach's responsibility to
provide the sources of water to the public. Caswell Beach
purchases its water from Brunswick County, and supports the
regional concept of water distribution in Brunswick County.
The cost of securing this supply is to be borne by the
users through users fees.
Caswell Beach has provided major trunk lines throughout the
29

town where public water is feasible and needed. Individual
connections will be done at the user or property owners'
expense. Developers of new subdivisions will be required
to install water lines at their own expense.
b. Public Sewage System
Caswell Beach supports the construction of waste water
• collection and treatment facilities and believes the most
practical way to develop such a system is on an island
wide basis. Such a project would include: Long Beach,
Yaupon Beach, The N.C. Baptist Assembly and the Oak Island
Coast Guard Station.
C. Solid Waste Disposal
Caswell Beach recognizes its role as the provider of solid
waste disposal services for its residents. It is the
policy of Caswell Beach to have this service provided in
an efficient, safe, and sanitary manner. In order to
carry out this role, adequate means of final disposition
must always be available. Caswell Beach presently uses a
County landfill and will support the County's
participation in regional landfill projects so long as
they are retained, appropriately located, provided,
maintained, and guaranteed.
d. Rescue Squad and Fire Protection
It is the policy of Caswell Beach to provide rescue and
fire protection service through the support and use of
neighboring communities volunteer departments.
e. Public School System
Although Caswell Beach has no school facilities in its
jurisdiction, Caswell Beach does support and encourage the
improvement of the Brunswick County school facilities
utilized by its residents. Therefore, Caswell Beach will
encourage continued and expanded multi -purpose use of
school facilities for recreation and other purposes.
f. Transportation, Roads
Caswell Beach does not currently own any Road Rights of
Way within its jurisdiction. All roads are either owned
and maintained by the N.C. Department of Transportation or
private development organizations.
g. Beach and Water Access
Beach and water access is a priority of the Town govern-
ment. Caswell Beach supports the development of Beach
Access facilities for full time residents, overnight
visitors, guests and day vistors. The Town has provided
beach access by way of dune crossovers without major
30

parking facilities which are intended for full time
residents, overnight visitors and guests who do not have
direct beach access from their accommodations. Beach
access with parking facilities is currently being
developed on C.P. & L lands adjacent to the pumping
facility. This area is designated as the principal beach
access point for day visitors. A secondary day visitor
beach access facility with parking is to be developed in
conjunction with the proposed New Town Hall at the western
end of the Beach on Robert L. Jones Drive.
5. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Caswell Beach supports the development of residential,
and recreational uses within the town provided that proper
and adequate measures are incorporated into the design, construction
and operation of such development to eliminate substantial negative
impacts to neighboring land uses and the environment. New
development will be encouraged in the most appropriate areas
as determined from the Caswell Beach suitability map. New,
approved, development shall be provided with the necessary
public services.
a. Community Development, Residential and Commercial
It is the policy of Caswell Beach to encourage low density
residential development in accordance with existing
development standards. Tourism development is encouraged
through seasonal home developments of this character.
Commercial Development is discouraged anywhere in the town
except within the existing commercial zone at the North end
of the beach.
b. Industrial Development
Industrial development of any type is discouraged in any area
of Caswell Beach. This policy is supported by the Caswell
Beach zoning ordinance.
C. Commitment to State and Federal Programs
Caswell Beach strongly supports State and Federal efforts
to maintain channels, conduct beach nourishment projects
and limit shoreline erosion.
6. GROWTH PATTERNS
a. Compact Growth
Caswell Beach is a contained community at the eastern end of
Oak Island with a natural limit on growth; all growth within
the town therefore, occurs in a compact manner.
31

b. Provision of Services
Urban growth and development will be directed to occur in
areas where services are available or planned. Caswell
Beach will provide its municipal services to all approved
developments within the Town.
C. Population Growth
Caswell Beach's policy is to discourage large amounts of
growth and development and large increases in population.
Low and medium density growth is recommended due to the
Town's present lack of a sewer system.
d. Segregation of Existing Land Uses
Spatial segregation of conflicting land uses will be
encouraged.
e. Housing and Land Use Development
Caswell Beach supports the development of low density multi-
family and single family residential housing in accordance
with the Town's zoning ordinance.
f. Compliance with Official Plans and Ordinances
Caswell Beach supports the compliance with the following
official plans;
(1) Thoroughfare Plans. When a proposed subdivision
includes any part of a proposed thoroughfare which has been
designated as such in an officially adopted Thoroughfare Plan
for the Town of Caswell Beach, all parts of such thoroughfare
shall be platted by the subdivider in the locations shown on
the Plat and at the right-of-way width specified in this
Ordinance.
(2) Zoning Ordinance. Where a proposed subdivision is
located in an area in which the Town Council of the
Town of Caswell Beach has adopted a zoning ordinance and
zoning map, said subdivision must comply in all respects with
the requirements of the zoning ordinance.
7. POST DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION AND STORM HAZARD MITIGATION
PLANNING
The Town's Post Disaster Reconstruction and Storm Hazard Miti-
gation Plan are provided as a separate plan. Such plan includes
the following policies concerning Storm Hazard Mitigation and Post
Disaster Reconstruction. These policies presume intergovernmental
cooperation with the Brunswick County Evacuation Plan and recovery
procedures operations.
a. Storm Hazard Mitigation. Although much of the present
development in Caswell Beach lies in hazard areas susceptible
to significant storm damage, almost all future development
will take place in B-zone areas, above the 100-year storm
line. In general, the Town's existing mitigation policies
32

meet the requirements for hazard mitigation planning outlined
in Before the Storm (McElyea, Brower, and Godschalk, UNC
Center for Urban & Regional Studies, 1982). These policies
consist of a combination of accompanying Land Use Policies and
regulations established by the Town's land development ordi-
nances. Specifically:
(1) The Town's growth policy encourages low density residen-
tial development, avoiding high density - high rise develop-
ments that are found in many North Carolina beach communities.
The lack of specific plans for a central sewage treatment
system will also enhance the continuance of this policy.
(2) The Town's policies support and are consistent with State
policies and regulations for development in Areas of Environ-
mental Concern.
(3) All new development must conform with the provisions of
the N.C. Building Code.
(4) The Town's flood plain development policies conform with
all Federal and State requirements and the Town is making all
possible efforts to move from the emergency to the regular
phase of the National Flood Insurance Program.
(5) The Town does an excellent job of controlling mobile home
development in order to minimize hazard damages. Mobile homes
are only allowed in a specific zoning district and must con-
form with elevation and other requirements. While the zoning
ordinance provides for the development of mobile home parks
through a specific zoning district, there are no areas in the
town currently zoned for mobile home development and there are
no mobile homes in the town at this time.
b. Post Disaster Reconstruction. The Town's Post Disaster
Reconstruction Plan is organized in the following sections:
o Introduction
o Organization of Local Damage Assessment Team
o Damage Assessment Procedures and Requirements
o Organization of Recovery Operations
o Recommended Reconstruction Policies
The following provides a summary of the plan's most
important provisions and policies from each of these five
sections.
(1) Introduction. Defines plan purpose and use; identifies
three distinct reconstruction periods: Emergency, Restoration
and Replacement/Reconstruction. Outlines sequence of proce-
dures to be followed to meet State and Federal Disaster relief
regulations: 1) Assess storm damage and report to County, 2)
County complies and summarizes individual community reports,
3) State compiles County data and makes recommendation to the
33

Governor, 4) Governor requests presidential declaration, 5)
Federal relief programs available.
(2) Organization of Local Damage Assessment Team. Outlines
personnel available and sets up means for mayoral appointment
of team.
(3) Damage Assessment Procedures and Requirements. The pur-
pose of this phase is to rapidly determine immediately follow-
ing a storm disaster:'1) number of structures damaged, 2)
magnitude of damage by structure type, 3) estimated total
dollar loss, and 4) estimated total dollar loss covered by
insurance. To accomplish this, the plan establishes four
categories of damage: 1) destroyed (repairs > 80 % of value),
2) major (repairs > 30 % of value), 3) minor (repairs < 30 %
of value), and 4) habitable (repairs < 15 % of value). A
color coding system is recommended for this phase of damage
assessment. Total damage in dollars is estimated by taking
the tax valuation times a factor to make prices current, then
factoring these figures according to number of structures in
each of the above damage classifications. Estimated insurance
coverage is made by utilizing information as to average cover-
age obtained by insurance agencies on an annual basis.
(4) Organization of Recovery Operations. The Mayor and Board
of Commissioners assume the duties of a Recovery Task Force.
The Task Force must accomplish the following:
o Establish re-entry procedures.
o Establish overall restoration scheme.
o Set restoration priorities.
o Determine requirements for outside assistance and
requesting such assistance when beyond local capabilites.
o Keep appropriate County and State officials informed
using Situation and Damage Reports.
o Keep the public informed.
o Assemble and maintain records of actions taken and
expenditures and obligations incurred.
o Proclaim a local "state of emergency" if warranted.
o Commence cleanup, debris removal, and utility restoration
activities undertaken by private utility companies.
o Undertake repair and restoration of essential public
facilities and services in accordance with priorities
developed through situation evaluations.
34

o Assist individual property owners in obtaining
information on the various types of assistance that might
be available from Federal and State agencies.
(5) Recommended Reconstruction Policies. The policies out-
lined are for the Mayor and Commissioners to consider after a
storm occurs. It is impractical to determine at this time
what specific responses are appropriate, since the circumstan-
ces surrounding a given storm can vary greatly. The following
policy areas are discussed:
o Re-entry_. Not allowed until the Mayor determines it safe
and initial damage assessment is complete. A list of
property owners will be maintained and kept at S. R. 133
entry to town.
Permitting. Permits to restore previously conforming
structures outside AEC's issued automatically.
Structures suffering major damage allowed to rebuild to
original state but must be in compliance with N.C.
Building Code, Zoning, and Flood Hazard Regulations.
Structures with minor damage allowed to rebuild to
original state before the storm. Structures in AEC's
allowed to rebuild only after determination has been made
as to adequacy of existing development regulations in
these special hazard areas.
Utility and Facility Reconstruction. Water system
components repaired or replaced must be floodproofed or
elevated above the 100 year flood level. Procedures
established to effect emergency reparis to N. C. 133 if
necessary.
Temporary Development Moratorium. To be considered after
major storm damage for AEC's if existing regulations
appear inadequate to protect structures from storm
damage.
CONTINUING CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
Caswell Beach actively encouraged citizen participation in the
preparation of the 1985 Land Use Plan Update. Planning Board
meetings on the subject of the Land Use Plan were announced to the
public through press releases to local media and thorugh the post-
ing of notices at Town Hall. At least six meetings were held over
the course of the planning process during the fall and spring.
A citizen's survey was developed and mailed to all property
owners in Caswell Beach in January, 1985. Additionally, surveys
were hand delivered to all condominum residents. Over 300 surveys
were distributed; more than 100 were returned. Survey results are
presented under separate cover by the report: "1985 Land Use Plan
Update Citizen Survey Results".
35

The results of the survey were analyzed by the planning staff
and discussed with Town officials prior to the development of new
Town policies. The survey results provided insight into community
values and were used to guide policy development and refinement.
Particularly helpful were the results related to permanent and
seasonal occupancy rates, which were invaluable in projecting fu-
ture population, and the results of questions related to density
and current zoning, which helped reinforce the Town's commitment to
maintaining the low density residential character of Caswell Beach.
In keeping with the Town's actions in the development of the
1985 plan update, the following public participation policies will
continue to be implemented:
All land use plans and updates will be prepared with public
participation. Citizen participation in the land use planning pro-
cess will be accomplished by using the following plan.
I. Citizen Education
A. Newspaper: News Releases
B. Working Papers, Draft Plans
C. Public Meetings
II. Citizen Input
A. Public meetings
B. Surveys: mailed and returned via
postal service or delivered door to
door in condominiums
C. Review and comments: public review meetings
III. Citizen Support - Ongoing
A. On -going use of I & II above
B. Formal public hearings
36

LAND CLASSIFICATION
The land classification system for Caswell Beach provides a
graphic representation of Caswell Beach's general land use policies
and orientation toward low density, residential development.
The land classes used here are derived from the five broad
classifications desribed in NCAC 15, Subchapter 7B, the State land
use planning guidelines. The five classes are Developed, Transi-
tion, Community, Rural and Conservation. Only two of these catego-
ries are applicable to Caswell Beach: Transition and Conservation.
The Transition category has been broken down into two subclas-
ses: Transition Residential and Transition Mixed Use. The Conser-
vation category includes a subclass of Conservation/Utility Access.
Transition
The purpose of the Transition class is to provide for future
intensive urban development on lands that are suitable and that
will be provided with the necessary urban services to support
intense urban development.
predominantly residential areas meet the intent of the transi-
tion classification if they exhibit characteristics such as:
o a density at or approaching 500 dwelling units per square
mile, or
o a density which will meet or exceed three dwelling units per
acre, or
o a majority of lots are 15,000 square feet or less.
The Transition Residential category in Caswell Beach includes
those areas which are largely residential in character. These
areas are provided with partial municipal facilities (central wa-
ter, fire and police protection, solid waste collection, etc.) and
should be served with central sewage treatment facilities if such
facilities become available in the Caswell Beach area.
The Transition Mixed Use class includes those areas which are
more suitable for a broader range of activity, including recrea-
tional, limited commercial, and residential uses. These areas are
also provided with partial municipal services (central water, fire
and police protection, solid waste collection, etc.) and should be
served with central sewage treatment facilities if such facilities
become available in the Caswell Beach area.
Conservation
The purpose of the conservation class is to provide for the
effective long-term management and protection of significant, lim-
ited, or irreplaceable areas. Management is needed due to the
37

natural, cultural, recreational, scenic or natural productive val-
ues of both local and more than local concern.
The Conservation class in Caswell Beach is applied to lands
that contain:
0 AEC's, including but not limited to public trust waters,
estuarine waters, coastal wetlands, etc. as identified in 15
NCAC 7H; and
0 other similar lands, environmentally significant because of
their natural role in the integrity of the coastal region and
which include, but are not limited to, major wetlands, essen-
tially undeveloped shorelands that are unique, fragile or
hazardous for development; necessary wildlife habitat or areas
that have a high probability for providing necessary habitat
conditions; publicly owned water supply, water sheds and aqui-
fers; and forest lands which are undeveloped and will remain
undeveloped for commercial purposes.
A subclass of the Conservation category is Conservation/Utili-
ty Access. The purpose of this classification is to provide for
ingress and egress to navigational waters for utilities. Lands in
this category would be maintained in their natural state and would
otherwise be classified conservation. In Caswell Beach, the CP & L
cooling canal is classified in this category.
38

TOWN LIMITS EXTENIX TO INTRACOASTAL, WATERWAY
Cu _ . - -� �1_ �_ •- �.. _
TOww er ♦AU►OR BEACH
TMU \
®;'
OAK III OOLF COUNIE 1/ �� `` �(4_ • 9 Q�
l-
OAK ISK.AIO VIUa O / \\�\\' • I'1'- ZS
TREATMENT PLAIT f ... . a
TR c rt
TR
CON _ CON
A T L A N T I C O C a A N
A T L A N T I C O C E A N
CASWELL BEACH, N.C.
LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP
LEGEND:
TR TRANSITION RESIDENTIAL
TMU TRANSITION MIXED USE
CUA CONSERVATION/UTILITY ACCESS
CON CONSERVATION (Includes all AECs)
MAP 5
Prepared BY: SATILLA PLANNING
St. Osborne StreGeorgia
v
St. Marys, Georgia
t�
M.Pprw Data: DUNE, 1985 w ear .ar tmv hoar
The preparation of this map was financed in pan through a pan[
provided by the' North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through
funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal
Resource Management, N.O.A.A.
Original Base Map by Duncan Stewa,rila 12/88

L'

I
E
T O
W
N
O
F
C
H
O C O W
I
N
I T Y
1 9
8
7
L
A
N
D
U S E
P
L
A N
Adopted by the Chocowinity Town Council February 2, 1988
Certified by the Coastal Resources Commission February 5, 1988
Prepared for:
Chocowinity Town Council
H. E. Cole.
M. L. Dunbar
James Mobley, Jr.
Daden Wolfe, Jr.
Charles A. Williamson, Mayor
Juanita Baytala, Town Clerk
Prepared by:
Chocowinity Planning Board
William Albritton
Howard Corley
Tommy Elks
Louise Hill
Plum Mills
Planning assistance provided by:
Mid -East Commission
1 Harding Square
Washington, NC 27889
[phone]
Robert J. Paciocco, Planner -in -Charge
Libby Anderson, Technical Assistant
Preparation financed in part by:
A grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Manage-
ment Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

' TOWN OF CHOCOWINITY
1987 LAND USE PLAN
'
CONTENTS
'
PAGE
I. BACKGROUND
'
A.
Population .................................
3
B.
Housing ....................................
5
'
C.
Economy ....................................
6
II. LAND USE
'
A.
Existing Conditions ........................
9
B.
Recent Development; Future Growth..........
11
C.
Land Use Concerns ..........................
13
D.
Development Controls .......................
14
'
E.
Development Constraints.
18
'
III. POLICY OBJECTIVES AND IMPLEMENTATION
A.
Resource Protection ........................
31
.B.
Resource Production and Management.........
36
'
-C.
Economic and CommunityDevelopment.........
40
D.
Storm Hazards. •
45
E.
Public Participation .......................
50
'
IV. LAND CLASSIFICATION
A.
Purpose ....................................
54
'
B.
Classification Scheme.. ....... ............
55
C.
Intergovernmental Coordination .............
58
'
Appendix
A - State and Federal Regulatory Devices
Appendix
B - Agencies Coordinating Storm Preparedness
'
Appendix
C - Media Releases
Bibliography

Figure
1
2
4
5
6
Map
1
3
4
ILLUSTRATIONS
.
North Carolina Counties ..................... 8.5
Beaufort County Land Use 1986............... 8.6
Regional Population 1960-1985............... 8.7
Population Age Structure 1980............... 8.8
Per Capita Income 1970-1984................. 8.9
Unemployment Rate 1976-1986................. 8.10
Existing Land Use ...........................30.3
Land Use Constraints ........................30.4
Chocowinity Area Soils......................30.5
Land Classification .........................59.2

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
TABLES
Regional Population .............................. 8.1
County Population ................................ 8.1
Population Age Structure 1980.................... 8.1
Housing Characteristics 1980..................... 8.2
Beaufort County Employment 1980.................. 8.2
LaborForce ...................................... 8.3
RetailSales ..................................... 8.3
MajorArea Employers ............................. 8.4
Soil Characteristics.............................30.1
Future Regional Population .......................30.2
County Population Age Structure..................30.2

TOWN OF CHOCOWINITY
LAND USE PLAN
1987
I. BACKGROUND
The Chocowinity area was inhabited by native Americans,
probably of the Tuscaroran tribe, well before the American
Revolution. Early residents of European origin may have come
from the Bath area. Historians believe the early pattern of
movement in the County involved a river crossing near Bath and
then migration upstream on the south side of the river. Many
early settlements in Beaufort County developed as port communi-
ties' along the river and where incorporated as cities and towns
in the eighteenth century. In contrast, Chocowinity developed as
a crossroads community. The Town was originally called Godley's
Crossroads and was not incorporated as a Town until 1959. Its
present name is Indian in origin, stemming from the Indian name
"Choca-wa-na-teth" which means "Fish from many waters.
In 1773, Parson Nathaniel Blount had a chapel built in
Godley's Crossroads. A large one -room school was built nearby
and was called "the Big White school House." In 1879 a boarding
school was established in the Town. Trinity school, named for
Trinity Church (the former Blount's Chapel) educationed young men
and women in religious studies until its closing in 1908.

.1
The Town developed as a crossroads community at the
intersection of two roads and transportation routes still have
major impacts on the Town. U. S. 17, a major north/south route
in eastern North Carolina, and N. C. 33, intersect in the Town.
Two Norfolk Southern rail lines meet in the railroad switching
yard found at the Marsden Railroad Station.
The Town appears oriented more towards land -related rather
than water -related activities. Land use activities within the
Town do have an effect on local water resources however as the
Town and its extraterritorial area is drained by the Pamlico
River watershed. The center of Town is located a little over two
miles from Chocowinity Bay, and less three miles from the
Pamlico River itself. Extensive areas of wetlands are found in
the extraterritorial area to the north and just outside the
one -mile planning limit to the east. Maple Branch has its
origin in the southern half of the Town, flowing southeast to
join Chocowinity Creek as it empties into Chocowinity Bay.
Crawford and Sidney Creeks flow through wetland areas in the
northeastern extraterritorial area, and Chapel Branch flows along
the extraterritorial boundary on the west.
2

A. Population
Chocowinity is one of seven incorporated areas in Beaufort
County. The County itself occupies about 827 square miles of
eastern coastal North Carolina and is the eighth largest county
in the state (Figure 1, pg. 8.5). The County is rural in nature.
Together, forest and farmland account for 92% of all land in the
' County (Figure 2, pg. 8.6). Most of this acreage is forest -
land (340,500 acres, 64% of total). Rural developed areas -
residential areas beyond city and town limits, crossroad com-
munities, and the like - account for 31,200 acres (6% of total)
while urban area account for only 12,000 acres (2% total).
Beaufort County is the second most populus county in the
five -county region. In 1985, the County had over 43,000 resi-
dents almost twice the population of Martin County which rates
' number three in population, but less than half the population of
Pitt County which ranks number one (Figure 3, pg. 8.7). The
' County is growing. Between 1970 and 1980 Beaufort County grew by
12 and in the five year period between 1980 and 1985, the
' County grew by over 7% (Table 1, pg. 8.1). Population r
g owth is
well. above that noted for either Bertie, Martin, or Hertford
counties. At the same time, the County's growth rate is about
' half that of urbanizing Pitt County.
Chocowinity is the third largest and fastest growing
' incorporated community in the County (Table 2, pg. 8.2).

Although the Town has less than half the population of Belhaven,
' and less than one -tenth the population of Washington, Chocowinity
' has been growing faster these larger communities in recent years.
Between 1970 and 1980, Chocowinity grew by almost 14%.' Should
the rate of growth noted between 1980 and 1985 continue, by
' 1990, the population of the Town may be over a,000 persons.
In 1980, about 12% of Chocowinity's population was over 65
' years age, about average for the County and slightly higher than
the statewide average (Table 3, pg. 8.1; Figure 4, pg. 8.8). At
' the same time, those under five years of age comprised only 5% of
the population while countywide, those under five years comprised
8% of the population.
Demographers note that the population nationwide is aging.
Although figures for Chocowinity are not available, it is
assumed that the age structure of Town is following the trend
observed state and countywide. In Beaufort County between 1970
' and 1985, these 65 and older increased from 11% to 14% of the
' population. Between 1980 and 1985, the senior population in the
city of Washington almost doubled, from 11% to 20% of the
' County's total population.
Tourism is an important component of the County's economy:
' Beaufort County realized almost ten million dollars in tourism -
related expenditures in 1984. Tourists may effect the daytime
population of the Town, especially in summer months, but in
r�l
4

1
general, tourists have a minimal
effect
on service
demand. In
fact, in Chocowinity, it is likely
that
the changes
in the Town's
24-hour population have a greater
impact
on service
demand than
seasonal changes in population.
Over
700 persons
are employed
'
locally. If three -fourths of
these
workers lived
outside
Chocowinity, the Town's population
would
increase
over 60% each
workday due to the influx workers.
1
B. Housing
The Town's 1980 population was housed among about 275
dwelling units (Table 4, pg; 8.2). About 2.6 persons reside in
' every household, a slightly lower figure than the average for
' the County where 2.8 persons occupy every household.
Permits for building in Chocowinity are issued by the
' County's building inspection department and so data on recent
housing starts in Chocowinity itself are unavailable. However,
as noted in Table 2 (pg. 8.1) the Town grew by 184 persons
' between 1980 and 1985. Given a persons per household rate of
2.6, it is estimated that about 70 dwelling units were construct-
ed within the city limits during this period. As of July 1985
then, the Town had about 345 dwelling units. About one -in -four
' households in the Town are single -person households - typically
elderly persons living alone. About 80% of all dwellings in the
Town -are single-family units, about average for the County and
5

1
' the region. Over 30% of all dwellings in the Town are rental
units, while for Beaufort County as a whole, about 25% of all
' units are renter occupied.
' C. Economy
About one -in -four persons in the County are employed by
manufacturing firms (Table 5, pg. 8.2). Eighteen percent are
' employed in wholesale and related trade, and 11=0- are employed in
agricultural, forestry, fisheries or mining operations.
' In general, although employment, income and retail sales
have grown in recent years, the County laggs the increase in
1 economic indicators noted statewide. Median family income in
' the County doubled between 1969 and 1979, but in 1979, median
family income in Beaufort County was $2,300 less than median
' income statewide. Per capita income in 1984 was 85% that of per
capita income statewide (Figure 5, pg. 8.9). County employment
' has fluxuated, but in general, appears to be increasing (Table
' 6, pg. 8.3). However the rate of unemployment in Beaufort County
was almost 20 greater than unemployment statewide (Figure 6, pg.
' 8.10). Retail sales have grown and in 1985 the County generated
almost three million dollars in retail sales (Table 7, pg. 8.3).
' Sales in Beaufort County were almost twice that of sales in
' Bertie, Hertford, and Martin Counties though only two-thirds
sales in Pitt County.
11

I
' Washington is the commercial center of the County, however
Chocowinity has a number of commercial enterprises and is home
' to one of the largest manufacturing firms in the County. Many
of the commercial operations are highway -related uses- gas
' stations, convenience stores and motels. In early 1987, two new
' restaurants were opened in the Town; one involved new construc-
tion; the other reopened a restaurant operation in an existing
' building.
The Town has six manufacturing firms and several other
' large employers as well (Table 8, pg. 8.4). The largest local
' employer is the Singer Furniture Company. The plant employs
about 600 persons in its 450,000 square foot plant. Three of the
' Town's six manufacturing firms are water -related enterprises:
two firms are boatbuilders; the other is a seafood processor.
Implications
1
Chocowinity
is growing. New
people are moving into the
'
Town and the surrounding
countyside.
The population is aging:
the Town has more
older
people and
less younger people than it
'
did ten years ago.
The Town
has a number of land use concerns:
a major highway
divides
the Town;
the community is home to a
'
major manufacturing
firm;
a proposed new sewer system is likely
'
to ready many areas
inside
and outside
the Town for development.
7

' As Chocowinity continues.to grow, the need for proper land
use planning increases. The Town already has in place some of
' the tools necessary to guide land development and is considering
adopt-i•ng more. The Town has a zoning ordinance which can help
' officials control new construction along its major thoroughfare.
' The Town has no housing code nor any subdivision regulations,
but in the past has considered both. As a result of its land
' Ilse planning program, in January 1988 the Town will begin the
process of developing a subdivision ordinance. Local officials
' agree that this plan represents a major local effort to prepare
' the community for the changes it is likely to experience over the
next ten years.
E

'
Table 1
REGIONAL
------------------
POPULATION
i-------------------------------------------------------
%
Change %
Change
'
County
1960
1970
1980------1985
-----
70-80
80-85
BEAUFORT
36,014
35,980
40,355
----------------------
43,260
12.2%
7.2%
Bertie
24,350
20,528
21,024
21,341
2.4%
1.5%
Hertford
Martin
22,718
27,139
23,529
24,730
23,368
25,948
23,924
26,653
-0.7%
4.9%
2.4%
2.7%
Pitt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
69,942
73,900
83,651
95,862
13.2%
14.6%
'
Region-----------180,163---178,667----194,346---211,040------8_8%-----8.6%
State
4,556,155
5,082,059
5,881,766
6,253,951
15.7%
6.3%
'
Source:
U.S Census; Office of State
Budget and Management
0
Table 2
COUNTY POPULATION
%
Change %
Change
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
1960
1970
1980
1985
70-80
80-85
Aurora
449
620
698
719
12 6%
3 0%
Bath
346
231
207
237
-10.4%
14.50.
Belhaven
2,386
2,259
2,430
2,496
7.6%
2.7%
CHOCOWINITY
580
566
644
828
13.8%
28.6%
Pantego
262
218
185
181
-15.1%
-2.2%
Washington
9,939
8,961
8,418
9,419
-6.1%
11.9%
Washington Pk
NA
-----------------------------------------------------
517
514
553
-0.6%
7.6%.
Unincorp. area
22,052
22,608
27,259
28,827
20.6%
5.8%
Total County
36,014
35,980
40,355
43,260
12.2%
7.2%
NA= not available
Source: Office of State Budget and Management
Table 3
POPULATION AGE STRUCTURE 1980
Chocowinity
County
State
--------------------------------------------------------
No.
%
0-4 years
31
4.8%
7.8%
6.9%
5-17 years
138
21.4%
21.9%
25.5%
18-24 years
75
11.6%
10.9%
9.8%
25-44 years
171
26.6%
25.8%
28.0%
45-64 years
149
23.1%
20.7%
19.6%
65 and older
--------------------------------------------------------
80
12.4%
12.8%
10.2%b
Total
644
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Source: U.S. Census

L 71
E
0
Table 4
HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS 1980
--------------------------------------------------------
Chocowinity
County
Region
-------------------------------------------
#
%
#
%
#
%
Total Households
252
-
14,253
-
67,460
Single -person Hshlds
60
23.8%
3,021
21.2%
14,083
20.9%
Total Housing Units
275
-
15,792
-
73,810
Single-family Units
213
77.5%
12,501
79.2%
57,853
78.4%
Vacant Units
Renter Occupied
23
86
8.4%
31.3%
1,539
3,786
9.7%
24.0%
6,348
8.6%
Condominium Units
0
0.0%
70
0.4%
23,782
412
32.2%
0.6%
Units w/out plumbing
- ------26------9_5%-
1,544
9.8%
7,722
10.5%
Persons/household
2.6
-
----------------------3-0----------
2.8
_
_
Median Value unit
$24,342
-
$31,200
-
-
_
Mean Rent
$120
-
$101
Source: U.S. Census
Table 5
BEAUFORT COUNTY EMPLOYMENT 1980
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Employment Sector
---------------------------------
Number of
Employees
% Total
Employment
State
%
Manufacturing
Wholesale & Retail Trade
4,699
3,459
24 0%
32 0%
Agriculture, Forestry,
2,123
17.6%
10.8%
18.0%
3.6%
Fisheries, Mining
Educational Services
11099
5.6%
8.3%
Construction
Health Services
1,048
5.3%
6.1%
Public Administration
876
645
4.5%
3.3%
6.0%
4.0%
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate,
839
4.3%
6.9%
Business, Repair Services
Transportation, Communications,
675
3.4%
6.0%
Other Public Utilities
Personal, Entertainment,
621
3 2%
3 7%
Recreational Services
Other Professional and
Related Services
400
2.0%
3.2%
Not reported
-------------------------------
3,136
16.0%
2.3%
Total
19,620
100.0.E
100.0/
Source: N.C. Statistical Abstract, Fifth Edition, 1984

J
n
�I
Table 6
LABOR FORCE
----------------------------------------------------
Labor
Total
Unemployment
Rate
Year
Force
Employment
County
State
----------------------------------------------------
1976
18,760
17,610
6.1%
6.2%
1977
19,170
18,090
5.6%
5.90
1978
20,310
19,450
4.2%
4.3%
1979
19,710
L8,760
4.8%
4.8%
1980
20,750
19,620
5.4%
6.5%
1981
21,870
20,470
6.4%
6.4`b
1982
21,550
19,310
10.4%
9.00%
1983
20,720
18,520
10.6%
8.9%
1984
21,000
19,430
7.5%
6.7%
1985
19,320
18,130
6.2%
5.0%.
1986
19,490
17,870
8.3%
5.3%
Source: Office of State Budget and Management;
updated by Employment Security Commission
Table 7
RETAIL SALES 0, 000's )
---------------------------------------------------------
County
Fiscal Year BEAUFORT Bertie Hertford Martin Pitt
---------------------------------------------------------
1975 135,562 36,101 76,279 73,027 273,382
1976 159,530 40,880 87,539 82,899 318,493
1977 177,795 43,819 100,540 93,249 349,637
1973 191,566 46,491 102,848 93,359 3.72,759
1979 219,683 52,440 108,696 97,633 426,912
1980 223,745 50,996 120,747 103,241 462,937
1981 254,858 54,336 123,021 109,607 516,284
1982 258,037 57,818 133,807 114,041 542,045
1983 249,857 59,865 141,145 116,978 578,843
1984 277,511 61,667 162,367 123,998 694,144
1985 289,045 64,487 166,839 125,435 735,826
1986 314,513 62,199 169,259 137,241 831,083
------------------------------------------------------
Chg. 75-85 113.2% 78.6% 90.6% 71.8% 164.3%
Source: Office of State Budget and Management (1975-84)
and N.C. Department of Revenue (1985, 1986)

n
Table 8
'
MAJOR AREA EMPLOYERS
-----------------------------------------------------------
as of 4/87
Firm Name
----------- -------- -----------
Chocowinity
Product/Service
---------- -------------------
Employment Range
schools
Public education
110-120
Food King
Supermarket
35-40
Fountain Power Boats
Power boats
20-50
Osprey Seafood
Seafood products
50-100
Outer Banks Industry
Metal fabric.
20-50
Privateer Manufact.
Boats
20-50
Singer Company
Furniture
550-600
'
Skats
Restaurant
25-30
Tidewater Equipment
Logging equipmt
20-50
WITN-TV
----------------------------------------------------
Communications
70-80
'
Source:
1985-86 Directory
of N.C. Manufacturing Firms,
updated by Mid
-East Commission
E
1
1

Figure 1
N. C. Counties

Figure 2
Beaufort County
Land Use 1986
Crop/pasture (
Urban (2.3%)
Rural developed (5.9`.
)rest (64.3%)
Source: Office of State Budget and Management

Figure 3
Regional Population
1960-1985
100
70
C Uf
0-0
C
j 60
Qo
Or
a_ t
50
40
30
20
Pitt
B EAU FO RT
Martin
Hertford
Bertie
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985
Year
Source: U.S. Census; Office of State Budget and Management

= = = = = m m = m 1♦
F
CO
30.0%
28.0%
26.0%
24.0%
22.0%
20.0%
18.07.
16.0%
14.0%
12.0%
10.0%
8.0%
6.0%
4.0%
2.0%
0.0%
Figure 4
Population Age Structure
1980
0-4 years 5-17 years 18-24 years 25-44 years 45-64 years 65 and older
Year
® Chocowinity ® County ® State
Source: U.S. Census

14
13
12
11
v 10
E
o N 9
cv
— c
v °
4' N 8
v o
U v 7
d 6
5
4
3
2
Figure 5
Per Capita Income,
1970-1984
10,852
8,655
,187
8,232
7,10 ,854
5'77 6,355
4,860
40241 5,068
4,378
,803
1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982
Year
❑ Beaufort County + State
Source: Office of State Budget and Management
1984 1986

12.0%
1 1.0%
10.0%
9.0%
8.0%
0
7.00
E
F0 o
,r a
6.0%
o E
c
5.0%
4.0%
3.0%
2.0%
1.0 0
Figure 6
Unemployment Rate
1976-1986
0.0%
1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981
Year
County
State
1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
Source: Office of State Budget and Management, and
Employment Security Commission

U
1
�1
I I . -LAND USE
A. Existing Conditions
The Town encompasses an areas of about one and a quarter
square miles. Including the extraterritorial area, the
Chocowinity planning area covers more than five square miles of
Beaufort County. As shown on the Map of Existing Land Use (pg.
30.3), the planning area is eliptical in shape. U. S. 17 bisects
the area into northern and southern halves. N. C. 33 intersects
U. S. 17 in the center of Town and divides the area into eastern
and western halves.
Most of the area within the City limits has been developed.
Most.development is residential in nature, however there are also
many commercial and industrial uses for a community of 830
persons. U. S. 17 eastward from the intersection of N. C. 33 is
primarily commercial in nature although some residential dwell-
ings are found interspersed among commercial operations. Many
businesses have taken advantage of their highway location and
have- large parking lots fronting the roadway and fairly large
on -premise signs. Along the highway are retail operations: a
mobile home sales lot, gas stations; service enterprises: a dry
cleaning establishment, and a bank; and the headquarters of
WITN-TV is also located along the roadway. In addition, several
large commercial enterprises are found along N. C. 33 to the
north. Just north of the railroad tracks is a Red and White
Grocery; further north along N. C. 33 is a Food King supermarket,
9

91
i
1 a Family Dollar Store and an antique store. A number of other
commercial areas are found in scattered locations throughout the
1 planning area.
The Town has a large industrial area adjoining the rail
1 line east of N. C. 33. Norfolk Southern Railroad has a switching
yard and rail station here, and Singer Furniture has a large
1 manufacturing operation just north of the rail yard between the
1 railroad and Mill Road.
A considerable amount of residential development has
1 occurred outside of Town to the south off N. C. 33. A large
residential area has developed in the southwest corner of
1 the planning area along S. R. 1136 and S. R. 1149. There are a
1 number of mobile home developments. several of these are within
the Town limits: one on North End Avenue; another along N. C.
1 33 across from the Red and White food store. The largest mobile
development in Town is the Modern Aire Trailer Park on S. R. 1142
1 south of U. S. 17. The Crawford Mobile Home Park is in the
extraterritorial area on Gray Road (S. R. 1136), and the Harris
1 Acres development is found just within 7 n the extraterritorial area
off U. S. 17. The Elks Mobile Home Park, a large mobile home
subdivision, is on S. R. 1143 just west of the railroad line.
' Most residences are single-family dwellings; the U. S. Census
1 noted that about three-quarters of all dwellings in the Town in
1980-were single-family units. The planning area does contain
1
10

one multifamily development located in the Town's extraterritor-
ial area. The Mid East Regional Housing Authority has construct-
ed Barnes Court, a 20-unit development, northwest of Town off N.
C. 33.
' There are a number of institutional areas in the planning
area. There are several churches located both inside and
outside the Town limits. The Town Hall, fire department and the
' U. S. Post Office are all found on U. S. 17 in the east half of
Town. On U. S. 17 just west of its intersection with N. C. 33 is.
' Chocowinity High School (serving grades 5 through 12), and the
Chocowinity Primary School is located in the extraterritorial
area on S. R. 1136.
' Over ninety percent of the extraterritorial area is un-
developed. Much of this land has been cleared for agricul-
tural and the planning area still contains many active farms.
wooded areas are found scattered between cleared fields and much
' of the area south of S. R. 1136 and adjoining N. C. 33 to the
I
south is wooded.
' B. -Recent Development and Future Growth
There have been few changes in land use since 1981.
' Scattered residential development has occurred along existing
' roads. Subdivision has been limited to mobile home park develop-
ment. both the Harris Acres mobile development and the mobile
11

1
home park adjoining Evergreen Estates on S. R. 1143 have been
' developed since 1981. The Food King supermarket on N. C. 33 and
' the Skats restaurant on U. S. 17 are examples of recent commer-
cial -construction. There is currently a proposal for construc-
tion of a shopping plaza on vacant land adjoining the Food King
store. Multifamily townhouses are also to be constructed as
part'of this project. Currently the Town offices are located in
' the fire station. Town officials would like to construct a Town
Hall building on Town -owned land just north of the fire station
and develop a parking area between the proposed Town Hall and the
fire station. Similarly, the Town would like to acquire vacant
' land to the rear of the fire station for recreational purposes.
' Assuming adequate funding, a playground, tennis courts and a
ballfield would be constructed.
' Local development has been severely limited by lack of
septic alternatives. The Town has no public sewer system and
' poor soils make the siting of in -ground systems difficult. To
' meet regulatory guidelines, some developers in recent years
have -had to spend tens of thousands of dollars to install or
' expand in -ground systems. Should the Town obtain funding for
construction of a sewage treatment system, it is likely that
' both residential and commercial development will increase.
With-U. S. 17 bisecting the community, the Town would appear
1 attractive for new commercial development. similarly, the area
12
1

appears ripe for residential development, being only about 25
miles from the growing Greenville area and just across the river
from the City of Washington. Until a public system is construct-
ed however, growth will be fairly slow, constrained by poor
conditions for in -ground septic systems.
C. Land Use Concerns
Problems with failing septic systems are a continuing
concern in Chocowinity. Many areas, especially in the center of
Town, have experienced severe problems with septic failures;
some_ of these problems are on -going. Future commercial and
industrial development and even large-scale residential develop-
ment -will be limited by the lack of public sewage; construction
of many new large in -ground systems is likely to be cost -prohibi-
tive. The Town is currently seeking funding to assist in con-
struction of a public treatment system. Until septic alterna-
tives are developed, the rate of local development will be slow,
and the Town must deal as best it can with the continued failure
of in -ground systems.
U. S. 17 is a major north/south route in eastern North
Carolina. The highway divides the Town into distinct northern
and. -southern halves. It is difficult to cross the heavily -
travelled four lane highway by foot. The highway is a major
truck route. Large logging trucks and trucks carrying industrial
13

chemicals create noise; public safety is a concern should an
accident occur. The highway has also attracted strip commercial
development. Many of the business along the highway have large
parking lots fronting the roadway. There have been a number of
accidents from vehicles entering and exiting the many driveways
along the highway and many signs have been erected both on and
off -premise. The Town is currently concerned with an area just
outside its extraterritorial boundary to the east where a number
of large billboards have been constructed. This area appears
to be outside the planning jurisdiction of both the Town and the
City of Washington and so no sign controls are in effect.
Local officials are also concerned over the possibility of
rail accidents at the Norfolk Southern rail yard. The Norfolk
Southern line serves a number of industrial areas including the
Texasgulf plant near Aurora. Some of the trains carry hazardous
materials. A chemical spill could contaminate land and water
resources. Should an accident occur, public health and safety
could be threatened by risk of explosion or fire.
' D. Development Controls
Land development in the Town is controlled by a variety of
' local, state and federal regulations. Plans and policies
enacted by the Town, the County and various state agencies
influence local and use decisions as well.
14

1. Regulatory Controls
.Local ordinances controlling land use decisions are de-
scribed below. State and federal regulations that control land
uses are listed in Appendix A.
The Chocowinity Zoning ordinance was adopted in 1982.
t subdivision Regulations are currently being developed by
the Planning Board.
' Mobile Home Park Regulations are included in the zoning
ordinance.
'-Floodplain Regulations have not been adopted locally
although floodplain regulations are enforced in the extra-
territorial area. The Town itself has never been mapped by
_the Federal Insurance Administraiton.
' Septic Tank Regulations in effect are those promulgated by
the state and enforced by the County Health Department.
' A Noise Ordinance has been adopted locally.
The State Building Code is enforced by the County Building
' Inspector.
A Housing Code has not been adopted locally.
' 2,.Development Plans
' The state's Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) lists
one project currently underway that may effect development in
' the Chocowinity area. The state is now widening U. S. 264 from
the City of Greenville to the City of Washington from two to
' four -lanes. The project is scheduled for completion in the fall
of 1987. Completion of the project may increase the likelihood
' of residential development in western Beaufort County. The
Greenville area is growing. Some officials suggest the
15

Washington area may become a bedroom community of Greenville as
many people working in Greenville may choose to live in Beaufort
' County, now a 30-minute drive on a new four -lane road.
The Town has no official Capital Improvement Plan, although
local officials are now considering devising one. The Town has
' however, been setting money aside for a sewage treatment system
and is willing to commit $200,000 as its share of project costs.
' The Town is applying for Community Development Block Grant
(CDBG) funds for housing improvements. The Town's Recreation
Committee prepares local Recreation Plans. The Town currently
' maintains a playground on land leased from the High School and
the Committee operates a summer recreation program there. The
committee would like to expand recreational opportunities by
acquiring vacant land in back of the Town's fire station.
' Facilities to be provided would include playground equipment,
' tennis courts and a ballfield. Reconstruction in the event of
a natural disaster would be directed by the County's storm plan
' Before the Storm in Beaufort County: Avoiding Harm's Way.
3. Development Policies
' The Town has no official Utilities Extension Policy. The
' Town has an unofficial policy not to extent water service if by
doing, water demand will exceed 50% of total production.
' The Town's 1981 Land Use Plan contains the major policies
used -to guide land development in the Town over the last five
16
4 ,

years. As a first step in preparing the Town's 1987 land use
plan, planners evaluated how far the Town had come in achieving
the goals set in 1981. By evaluating the objectives and imple-
mentation actions of the 1981 program, planners hoped to make the
Town's 1987 plan a more effective document.
The 1981 plan set out 13 development objectives and outlined
a five-year action program containing 16 items. Planners noted
that the Town had taken action on most of the items in its
five-year program and concurred that the Town's most important
development objectives had been achieved. As suggested in the
1981 plan, Chocowinity assisted the County in preparing its
hurricane evacuation plan and now participates in the County's
flood insurance program. The Town has applied for, though not
received, funds for community development through the state's
Community Development Block Grant program. The Town has contin-
ued to support plans for a local wastewater treatment system and
is currently in the final stages of securing assistance in
funding construction. Two items appearing in the 1981 action
program will be part of the Town's 1988 planning program:
development of subdivision regulations and an annexation feasi-
bility study.
17

0
.1
L
E. Development Constraints
l._Land Suitability
Several physical factors constrain land development in the
Chocowinity area. Physical constraints can be classified into
one of three categories: physical limitations, fragile areas,
and areas of resource potential.
Physical Limitations for Development. A variety of factors
determine the suitability of land for development. These
include soils and subsoil conditions, topography, potential for
flooding, and existing land uses in the development area.
As shown on the Map of Land Use Constraints (pg. 30.4),
there are several areas outside of Town subject to flooding. The
Federal Insurance Administration (FIA) has defined the Zone A
floodplain as those areas which have a to or greater chance of
flooding in any year. In communities such as Chocowinity which
participate in the National Flood Insurance Program, the lowest
floor of residential buildings must be elevated at or above base
flood level as determined by FIA; non-residential structures can
be flood -proofed instead. Most of the extraterritorial area
east of Town toward the river has been identified as Zone -A
floodplain. A long narrow flood -prone area is found outside of
Town adjoining Chapel Branch west of S. R. 1157 and S. R. 1143.
To the south of Town, floodplain adjoins Maple Branch and its
tributary, and a fairly large flood -prone area is found south
of S. R. 1136 adjoining Chocowinity Creek. Over 950 of the
18

1 -
area's Zone -A floodplain is found outside the Town's corporate
1 limits. The only flood -prone area in Town is found along Maple
' Branch in the area of Chocowinity High School.
The presence of poor soils can also limit the development
' of land resources. Soil conditions determine the suitability of
the land for in -ground sewage disposal systems. Before land
' can be build -on the stability, bearing capacity, and erodibility
' of the soil must also be considered. The major soils found in
the Chocowinity area are listed in Table 9 (pg. 30.1).
' As shown on the Chocowinity Area Soils Map (pg. 30.5), much
of the planning area is comprised of the Craven -type soils 5A and
' 5B. -These are moderately well -drained soils on uplands. These
' soils are highly acidic and permeability is slow. Leaf loam (85)
is another common soil type in the Chocowinity area. This is a
' nearly level, poorly drained soil on uplands. Like the Craven
soils, Leaf loam soils are very strongly acidic and have a very
' slow permeability. All three of these soil types are poorly
' suited to urban uses due to their slow permeability and wetness.
In fact, slow permeability and wetness are characteristic of many
' soils in the area. As shown in Table 9, ten of the area's 16
soil types have severe limitations for building construction,
' primarily due to their wetness. The slow permeability or
"tightness" of the area's soils makes the siting of in -ground
' sewage treatment systems difficult. Accordingto the
Soil
1
19

Conservation Service, only three of the area's sixteen soils
types are considered suitable for in -ground systems; the remain-
ing thirteen have been identified as having severe limitations
for septic tank absorption fields. Failing septic systems have
been a common problem in the Town. Installation of new systems,
capable of treating waste from commercial or other high -demand
uses; have been a major expense in recent development projects.
Until a public treatment plant is constructed or an -alternative
to traditional in -ground technology is developed, poor soils will
be the major constraint to development in the Chocowinity area.
The area has no steep slopes that might constrain develop-
ment. The terrain varies from flat, flood -prone areas to gently
rolling hills. The only man-made hazard that might impose
development constraints is the Norfolk Southern rail line. An
accident involving a train carrying hazardous materials poses
severe risks to development that occurs near the rail line or
the switching yard.
Many communities are now adopting regulations to control
development in the rechange area of public water supply wells. A
considerable amount of development has already occurred near one
of the Town's two public wells. Residential uses surround the
Town's well off Edgewood Drive. The area around the Town's other
well off Hughes Street is undeveloped. The well is about 200
Yards from the rail line. Officials have expressed concern
3a7

over possible contamination to water supply in the event of a
rail accident.
Fragile Areas. Wetland areas border the planning area on
the north and east. Wetland areas in the northern extraterritor-
ial area are swamp wetlands under the jurisdiction of the U. S.
Army- Corps of Engineers. Section 404 of the Clean Water Act
specifies that before any dredging or filling activity can be
initiated in freshwater wetland areas, a permit is necessary
from' the Corps. Wetland areas are also found adjoining
Chocowinity and Sidney Creeks in the eastern extraterritorial
area. Most of these wetlands, especially those upstream, are
freshwater wetlands under jurisdiction of the Corps. In down-
stream areas, pockets of coastal wetlands are found. Coastal
wetlands are considered Areas of Environmental Concern, and
development activities in these fragile areas is regulated by
the state Division of Coastal Management. As most of the
wetlands within the Town's one -mile jurisdiction are in upstream
areas site specific investigation is necessary to determine
the extent and location of these coastal wetlands.
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program has identified
the lower part of Chocowinity Creek, north of N. C. 33, as being
one of five areas in Beaufort County containing unique natural
communities or rare geologic features. According to state
naturalists, the area is an important transition area from creek
21

1
to fresh water marsh which ultimately widens into estuary at
the Pamlico River.
The Chocowinity area also holds two structures noted for
their historic and/or architectural significance. The state
Department of Cultural Resources has identified Trinity Episcopal
Church and the Colonial James Reading Grist House as being
important historic structures in the Chocowinity area. Trinity
Church is located on the south side of N. C. 33, one -quarter
mile west of its junction with U. S. 17. The Church is thought
to be the fifth oldest church in North Carolina. It was built
for Nathaniel Blount in 1773 on his return from England and
ordination into the Anglican ministry. The church was construct-
ed in a simple colonial style and features a fan -shaped window
over the front. Blount served as rector of the church for 43
years. To protect the structure from vandalism, the church was
moved from its original location outside of Town on N. C. 33 to
inside the city limits in 1938. State officials have no record
of any archaeological sites in the Chocowinity area, however a
complete survey of the region has never been conducted. The
Grist House is located on the north side of S. R. 1143, one mile
north of its junction with N. C. 37. At one time, another local
building, the Bright House, was listed on the state's inventory
of historic structures however this building no longer exists.
22

11
u
I
Areas of Resource Potential. State forests and parks,
private game preserves, and areas underlain with valuable mineral
deposits are considered areas of resource potential. No such
areas have been identified in the Chocowinity region. However, a
very large portion of the land in the extraterritorial jurisdic-
tion is comprised of prime farmland soils. In the Chocowinity
area, soil types AtA, CrA, CrB, GoA, and StA are considered
prime farmland soils, and areas containing these soils are
considered areas of resource potential. Prime farmland soils
produce the highest yields with minimal inputs of energy and
economic resources. Farming these soils usually results in the
least damage to the environment. Agronomists note that prime
farmland is of major importance in providing the nation's short
and long range needs for food and fiber. Yet the acreage of
high -quality farmland is limited and so preservation of prime
farmland has become an important objective national agricultural
objective. Agricultural officials are attempting to discourage
development on prime farmland. The Farmers Home Administration
will not loan money for projects where building will occur on
areas of prime farmland. Agricultural planners agree that
development should be directed to areas of,non-prime soils and
that areas of prime farmland are best reserved for agricultural
purposes.
23

2. Facility Limitations
tAs a community grows, service demands increase. More
police -and fire protection may be needed; additional classrooms
' or schools may be necessary. Demand for public water and sewer
service increases. Planning for future service demands helps to
' avoid shortfalls in the provision of public services. Develop-
ment can be severely constrained when the demand for vital
services such as water and sewer, exceeds supply.
' Chocowinity has been growing in recent years, at a faster
pace than any other community in Beaufort County. Between 1970
' and 1985, Beaufort County grew by over 200. Most of that growth
occurred in areas outside of cities and towns; most incorporated
' communities grew very little during that period. Between 1970
and 1980, four of the County's seven incorporated areas lost
population. In contrast, between 1970 and 1985, the Town of
' Chocowinity grew by almost 304.
The Town will continue to grow over the next decade.
tBeaufort County as a whole is expected to grow by over 170
between 1985 and 1995, growing over 9% between 1985 and 1990
(Table 10, pg. 30.2). Growth i I n Beaufort County is expected to
be greater than any county in the region over the next decade.
While Pitt County is projected to grow by 12% by 1995, and the
' State as a whole by 10%, demographers predict Beaufort County
will grow by over 170.
24

k
u
.-The population of Chocowinity will grow over the next ten
years but to a very great extent, the rate of growth is contin-
gent on the construction of a local wastewater treatment system.
The rate of growth noted between 1980 and 1985 is likely to
continue through 1990. Under this scenario, the Town will grow
by about 30% between 1985 and 1990 and have a population of about
1,080 persons by 1990. Based on County population forecasts, the
rate of population growth should slow between 1990 and 1995.
Assuming a 20% increase in the Town's population during this
period, by 1995, the Town would have a population of 1,300
persons. Construction of a wastewater treatment system and
annexation of residential areas in the extraterritorial jurisdic-
tions would increase the rate of population growth. Annexation
could add 100 persons to future population estimates. Sewer
construction could add many more. Development of many lots in
Town -and in the extraterritorial area is severely constrained by
soils unsuitable for septic. systems. Installation of a public
sewer system would open these areas for development. Increased
local development could then increase the growth rate up to 500
from projections based on historic trends. Should the Town have
a sewage treatment system in operation by 1990, by 1995 the Town
could have a population of almost 1,500 persons.
The trends in population change noted in the past decade
will -continue through the 1990's: percentage -wise, Chocowinity
25

C
and all Beaufort County will have more older persons and less
young persons than in the past. In 1985, 30% of the County's
population was under nineteen years of age. That percentage is
expected to decline slightly to about 28.5% by 1995 (Table 11,
pg. 30.2). In contrast, the percentage of the population 65 and
older is expected to increase slightly from 13.5% in 1985, to
14. 5 o by 1995.
water Service. Over 990 of all properties within the
corporate limits are serviced with public water. Many residents
in the extraterritorial area are also served by the Town's
system. Water mains have been extended east and west of Town
along N. C. 33 and south of N. C. 1178 to the Mid -East Regional
Housing Authority Project. On N. C. 33 water mains extend west
to S. R. 1143 and north to serve the Evergreen Estates sub-
division. On N. C. 33 to the east, water service extends to
Gray Road (S. R. 1143) and then south to Chocowinity Primary
School. In -town improvements to the system are scheduled as the
Town plans to loop the system in the area of Mill Street and
' Moore Lane.
The capacity of the Town's two wells total 375,000 gallons
per day (gpd). Demand now averages 157,000 gpd. The Town has
two storage tanks; storage capacity totals 225,000 gallons -
' about a one -and -a -half day supply.
C
�V-

k
The Town appears to have an adequate supply of water to
serve demand through 1995, even given projected development
pressures. Assuming an increase in residential demand of 100
gpd per capita, in 1990, water demand could increase to 182,000
gpd and by 1995, to 204,000 gpd. Even should the population
reach 1,500 persons by 1995, water demand would be 224,000 gpd,
well -under the Town's 375,000 gpd supply. At the same time,
location of a new water -consumptive industry could dramatically
increase demand. Should such an industry propose to locate in
the area, the Town should begin a study to locate a new well
site and plan for expansion of its storage capacity.
Sewer Service. The Town is currently applying for funds to
assist in the construction of a public wastewater treatment
system.
Public Schools. Chocowinity pupils attend Beaufort County
Schools located in Chocowinity. Chocowinity Primary School (the
Gray Road School) serves grades K-4. Enrollment in the school
year 186-187 was 430 students, about 930 of the school's capa-
city. Chocowinity High School serves students in grades 5-12.
Enrollment in 186-187 (705 pupils) slightly exceeded the design
capacity of school and trailers are, being used to extend school
facilities. In November 1986 County voters approved a school
bond issue which includes money for expansion at Chocowinity
Primary school. Education officials plan to add four classrooms
27

' to the existing school. When completed, the fifth grade which is
now housed at the High School, will be moved to the Primary
' School. The High School is then expected to have adequate
' capacity to serve grades 6-12 for the next five years and the
trailers now at the High School will be removed. Construction is
' expected to be completed by the fall of 1989.
Protective Services. The Town employs one full-time
' policeperson. This individual works a rotating shift with the
' schedule determined by expected demand. Calls are dispatched
through the County Sheriff's Department, however the officer can
' also be accessed from the Town Hall. The County Sheriff's
Department provides backup assistance as necessary and covers
' the area when the local officer is off -duty. The need for
' increased police protection has been identified as an important
local -concern. Officials are now examining how increased
' protection can best be provided.
Fire protection is currently provided by a volunteer
' department. The Chocowinity Volunteer Fire Department maintains
' three volunteer fire stations: one located within the town
limits at the Town Hall, one at Blounts Creek, and the third at
' Wilmar. As of December 1987 the department has a membership of
30 persons. The Department maintains an inventory of 11 pieces
' of fire -fighting equipment; five pieces are located in the
Chocowinity station. The Chocowinity Rescue Squad is located in
the Blounts Creek station.
28

F
G
I I
Public Administration. The Town employs a full-time Clerk
and a full-time Engineer. The Maintenance Supervisor (a full-
time -position) oversees a part-time maintenance assistant.
Roads. Lack of service by a major interstate highway is
often cited as one of the major factors that has limited growth
in northeastern North Carolina. It is unlikely that this
situation will change in the foreseeable future given the
limited federal funding available for highway construction.
Highway facilities in the Chocowinity area will be able to
accommodate the increased demand projected for the next decade.
Completion of the U. S. 264 project between Greenville and
Washington will help facilitate movement between the
Washington/Chocowinity area and the regional employment center
of Greenville.
U. S. 17, the major north -south route in the area, is
two-lane for most of its length. Within Chocowinity however,
the road widens to four -lanes. Entering the highway from
unsignalized intersections can be hazardous and a number of acci-
dents have occurred within the planning area. Although local
officials have expressed their concerns to state transportation
officials, no plans for signalization have been announced.
29

11
Implications
The Town is expected to grow at a fairly rapid rate over
the next decade. The Town is fortunate in that the most impor-
tant and most expensive of the services it now provides - public
water - is likely to be able to meet the demands of the next
decade without major improvements. Public schools and highway
capacity also appear suitable to serve local needs for the next
five years. In areas such as police, fire, and public admini-
stration, the Town realizes additional personnel and equipment
may be needed to service demand as the community grows.The Town
anticipates constructing a public wastewater system. In design-
ing the system, local officials and engineers should consider the
population forecasts developed for the County and the Town,
leaving sufficient capacity for new residential and industrial
growth. Water storage capacity is likely to be the greatest
limitation to future growth in the long run. For the next five
years however, storage capacity appears adequate to serve
projected demand.
30

Table 9
SOIL CHARACTERISITICS
------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Limitations for:
'
Soil
----------------------
Buildings
W/o Septic
Runoff
Depth to High
Code
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Type
Slope
Basements
Tanks
Potential
Water Table
(ft)
43
Altavista fine sandy loam
01-21
Severe
Severe
Moderate
1.5
- 2.5
47
Bonneau loamy sand
0-61
Slight
Moderate
Low
3.5
- 5.0
5A f
Craven fine sandy loan
0-11
Moderate
Severe
Moderate
2.0
- 3.0
5B f
Craven fine sandy loam
1-41
Moderate
Severe
Moderate
2.0
- 3.0
'
5C
Craven fine sandy loam
4-81
Moderate
Severe
Moderate
2.0 -
3.0'
37
Conetce loamy sand
0-57
Severe
Slight
Low
> 6.0
'
940
4A, 6A f
Dorovan
Goldsboro fine sandy loam
01
0-21
Severe
Moderate
Severe
High
+1 -
0.5
Severe
Slight
2.0 -
3.0
85
Leaf loam
01
Severe
Severe
High
0.5 -
1.5
'
52
98
Lenior laon
Muckalee loam
0%
01
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
High
1.5 -
2.5
High
0.5 -
1.5
44
Lynchburg fine sandy loam
OX
Severe
Severe
Moderate
0.5 -
1.5
'
84
2A
Rains fine sandy loam
State sandy loam
01
0-31
Severe
Slight
Severe
Moderate
Moderate
Slight
0.0 -
1.0
4.0 -
6.0
7
Tarboro sand
0-51
Severe
Severe
Low
<
6.0
86
Tomotley fine sandy loam
01
Severe
Severe
High
2.0 -
4.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
f indicates prime farmland soil
'
Source:
Soil Survey Maps & Interpretations,
Beaufort County,
N.C.,
U.S.D.A.,
S.C.S., July
1984
30.1

'
Table 10
FUTURE REGIONAL POPULATION
----_------------------------------------------------------------
% Change %
Change
'
County
----------------------------------------------------------------
1985
1990
1995
85-90
90-95
BEAUFORT
43,260
47,314
50,702
9.4%
7.2%
'
Bertie
21,341
21,760
21,895
2.0%
0.6%
Hertford
23,924
24,833
25,280
3.8%
1.8%
Martin
26,653
26,463
26,406
-0.700
-0.2%
'
Pitt
95,862
101,823
107,409
------------------------------
6.2,0
5.5'
Region
211,040
222,193
231,692
5.3%
4.3%
'
--------------------------------------
State
6,253,951
6,597,922
6,930,994
5.5%
5.0%
Source:
N.C. Office of State Budget
and Management, 1986
Table 11
COUNTY POPULATION
AGE STRUCTURE-1985-1995
L.'
J
1985
1990
-----
1995
No.
%
No.
%
No.
0-4.years
3,305
----------------------------------------
7.6%
3,646
7.7%
3,733
7.4%
5-19 years
9,814
22.7°0
10,478
22.100
10,768
21.2%
20-44 years
15,693
36.3%
16,977
35.9%
17,947
35.4%
45-64 years
8,612
19.9%
9,474
20.0%
10,946
21.6%
65 and older
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
5,836
13.5%
6,739
14.2%
71308
14.4%
Total
43,260
100.0%
47,314
100.0%
50,702
100.0%
Source: N.C.
Office
of State Budget
and Management, 1986
30.2

' III... POLICY STATEMENTS
A. Resource Protection
' The Town is located in the heart of Beaufort County. The
827 "square miles of the County is rich in natural resources. The
' Town is less than three miles from the Pamlico River, the
County's most valuable natural, aesthetic, and economic resource.
Coastal wetlands border the County's estuarine waters, freshwater
' swamps and marshes are found adjoining inland waters and in
low-lying inland areas. Freshwater wetlands comprise a large
portion of the Town's northern extraterritorial jurisdiction.
' The Town acknowledges that the County's natural resources,
particularly its water resources, are the reason that many
' people have chosen to live, work, and recreate in the County and
within Chocowinity itself. To a very great extent, residential
' and commercial development, in fact, the general quality of life
' in the County and in Chocowinity depends on maintaining the
quality of the area's ground and surface 'waters. The Town
' supports all local, state, and interstate efforts to preserve and
enhance the quality of the area's valuable water resources.
' Streams, creeks, freshwater wetlands, and limited areas of
coastal wetlands are the major natural areas found in the
' Chocowinity planning region. The _ 9 Town will not support develop-
ment that significantly degrades the quality of these surface
waters and wetlands or has adverse effects on their use as
' habitat for fish and wildlife. The Town also has natural hazard
31

' floodplain areas. The Town will not support development in areas
with natural hazards unless such development fully complies with
all applicable development controls.
The Town encourages new development and welcomes new
' industrial and commercial concerns. The Town supports all
' development that protects natural areas and in turn, enhances
the quality of life for local residents. It is important that
' natural and cultural resources be protected from the impacts of
development during construction and over the long term.
Groundwater resources supply Chocowinity residents with
' water. Planners and local officials have only recently begun to
understand the sensitivity of this valuable resource. Reports
indicate that in recent years there have been substantial
declines in the level of underground reserves. Groundwater
resources across the state are threatened by the more than
37,000 underground storage tanks that officials estimate may
have leaks. New local development should not have negative
' impacts on local groundwater quantity and quality. The Town
will not support development and activities locally and in other
areas that may cause future shortfalls in groundwater supply or
' pose severe risks to the quality of underground waters.
_Following is a listing of policy goals the Town has adopted
' to protect its natural resources. Included are strategies that
the Town will attempt to implement over the next five years in
' an effort to achieve these policy goals.
H
32

'
- preserve and protect local water resources and wetland areas
- encourage developers to leave a 100 ft. open space
buffer between development and water or wetland;
'
consider requiring buffers in subdivision regulations.
- encourage developers to design projects so that runoff
'
from project site is minimized; consider setting
maximum runoff standards in subdivision regulations.
'
- support use of private package treatment plants only
if plant design and a plan for plant maintenance is
approved by the State Department of Environmental
'
Management (DEM).
- classify wetland areas as Conservation on the Land
Classification Map; for planning purposes, the Town
will consider its inland wetlands as Areas of Environ-
mental Concern.
- continue efforts to obtain necessary funding and
permits for construction of a public wastewater
treatment system.
'
- consider alternatives to a surface water discharge
system in design of the Town's wastewater treatment
plant. Investigate the possibility of using a land
'
application system in conjunction with agricultural
uses in the extraterritorial area.
- protect and enhance water quality in the Pamlico River and its
'
tributaries
- support the Environmental Protection Agency's
Albemarle -Pamlico Estuarine Study.
- support education efforts and enforcement of the ban
'
on phosphate - containing laundry detergents.
- support expansion of the Agricultural Cost Share
'
Program to include the counties of the upper Tar
drainage area.
- protect the Town's present and future water supply
'
- support
state and federal programs that regulate
underground storage of hazardous
materials. Support
regulations that require tightness -testing for existing
'
tanks and construction standards for new tanks.
Immediate removal of leaking tanks should be
required.
33

1
1
Support establishment of a state fund to stop tank
leaks and to clean up affected water supplies.
support groundwater monitoring by the DEM. Review
information on local groundwater levels. Should
significant declines in groundwater levels be noted,
urge DEM to limit withdrawals. Municipal uses should
be given priority over industrial uses.
support state mapping of groundwater resources and
recharge areas; support efforts to develop a ground-
water management program for the state.
- protect unique natural and cultural resource areas
classify the area within 100 feet of Chocowinity Creek
north of N. C. 33 as Conservation on the Land Classifi-
cation Map.
investigate having Trinity Episcopal Church placed on
the National Register of Historic places.
- discourage development in areas where land is not physically
suitable for development
support enforcement of the County'*s floodplain ordin-
ance in the extraterritorial jurisdiction.
support strict enforcement of the state's Environmental
Health Code regarding the siting of in -ground septic
systems; continue strict enforcement in unsewered
outlying areas after a public waste treatment system is
constructed.
encourage County Health officials, state environmental
officials, and Soil Conservation Service (SCS) offic-
ials to work together to identify and develop alterna-
tives to traditional in -ground septic systems.
use the SCS's detailed soil survey to identify areas
of poorest soils for septic systems; in subdivision
regulations, require large lots in areas of poorest
soils unless lot will be serviced by sewer.
- preserve and protect Areas of Environmental Concern
prohibit development in coastal wetland AECs that does
not meet the management objectives of 15 NCAC 7H.0203.
Any development in these areas must meet the use
standards in 15 NCAC 7H.0208. The location, design,
34

and construction of any project in an AEC must give
highest priority to conservation of these sensitive
natural areas.
classify AECs as Conservation on the Town's Land
Classification Map.
35

E
B. " Resource Production and Management
Many of Chocowinity's manufacturing, retail, and service
enterprises are directly or indirectly involved with resource
development. A considerable number of local residents rely on
the area's natural resources - its water, land, and mineral
resources - for their livelihood.
Agricultural lands are one of county's prime productive
resource areas. Much of the County's farmland and about one -
quarter of the farmland in the Chocowinity. area is considered
prime farmland by agricultural officials. In 1984, 128,600
acres of land was harvested for crops, with the County ranking
7th in the state for total harvested cropland. The`County
ranked 18th in the state in the poundage of peanuts produced
in 1984, ranked fifth in the amount of corn bushels produced,
and ranked second in the bushels of soy beans produced.
Most of the land within Chocowinity's Town limits has
been developed for urban uses, however a large portion of the
land outside of Town is used for agriculture. The Town encour-
ages the use of rural areas for agricultural production and will
support all efforts to ensure the viability of the area's
agricultural economy. The Town is especially concerned with
preserving areas with prime farmland soils. At the same time,
agricultural uses should not have negative impacts on local
natural resources such as Chocowinity Creek and associated
36

' wetlands, or on resources of statewide concern such as the
Pamlico River and its tributaries. The Town supports diversi-
fication of the local agricultural economy. Truck (produce)
farms, and farming for fish and shellfish (aquaculture) are
' encouraged and will be supported.
Much of the Town's wooded area is used for commercial
forestry operations. Silvacultural activity is especially
' evident in areas east of chocowinity. The Town supports the
' presence of the lumbering industry in the area and encourages
expansion of commercial forestry and wood processing operations
if these will have no significant impacts on residential areas
and local natural resources. In all cases, cleared areas should
' be replanted as soon as possible.
The streams and creeks in the Chocowinity area are not
large enough to support commercial fishing activities. However,
' commercial and recreational fishing are both very important in
the -County as a whole. In 1985 over 5 million pounds of seafood
' was caught by commercial fishing operations in Beaufort County.
The -County ranked sixth out of the 20 coastal counties in seafood
' landings and seventh in the number of commercial licenses
tissued. A commercial seafood processor is located just outside
Chocowinity's planning jurisdiction to the north. The Town
' supports local, state, and federal efforts to improve the quality
of the region's fisheries. Improving both the recreational and
commercial fisheries is encouraged and will be supported.
37
�1'

There are currently no areas in the Chocowinity planning
region where mining or other mineral production activities are
taking place. However, over 4,000 acres of land to the east of
Chocowinity is devoted to mining activities. The effects of
phosphate mining on the County's natural resources has been a
concern for a number of years. That concern appears to be
i=reasing as reports of stresses on the river increase. The
Town will support new or expanding mining activities in the area
only if that activity can be shown not to have long term negative
impacts on the area's land, air, and water resources.
Following is a listing of policy goals the Town has adopted
to protect and manage its productive natural resources. Included
are strategies that the Town will attempt to implement over the
next five years in an effort to achieve these policy goals.
protect and enhance agricultural uses in the Chocowinity area
classify agricultural areas outside of Town as Rural on
the Town's Land Classification Map.
consider starting a farmers market in downtown
Chocowinity; work with other area towns to develop
markets in every community in which all County farmers
could participate.
to the extent feasible, design betterment systems
for public improvements that avoid imposition of costs
on agricultural property whose agricultural use will
not benefit from those improvements.
support educational efforts and state and federal
programs which encourage diversification of the local
agricultural economy.
encourage farmers owning parcels of 10 or more acres
to apply for use -value assessment.
38

preserve areas of prime farmland
use the County's detailed Soil Survey to identify
areas of prime farmland; to the extent feasible,
direct development' to other areas and reserve these
soils for agricultural uses.
support state and federal efforts to preserve areas of
prime farmland.
support development of a state comprehensive program
for farmland preservation.
ensure efficient, environmentally sound agricultural production
support use of Best Management Practices for agricul-
tural land use and production.
work with the Soil Conservation Service to encourage
participation in the State's Agricultural Cost Share
Program.
support the Conservation Provisions of the 1985 Farm
Bill:
conservation reserve
conservation compliance
sodbuster
swampbuster
discourage development that will have adverse impacts on the
area's productive natural resources
support mining activity only if project demonstrates
that prime agricultural lands and air and water quality
will be preserved.
require identification of prime farmland soils in
subdivision regulations; in subdivision review, suggest
that areas of prime farmland be left as open space.
39

1
u
C. Economic and Community Development
Chocowinity is a small community, but for a town of its
size, it has a large employment base: between workers at Singer
Furniture and in various other enterprises in Town, over 900
persons work in Chocowinity. The Town supports expansion of its
existing industries and commercial enterprises and welcomes new
industrial and commercial firms into the area. The Town supports
the_ County's efforts to attract new industry into the region.
However, new industrial development should not have negative
impacts on the natural environment or on the area's historic and
cultural resources. New commercial and industrial development
should enhance the quality of life for local residents.
Commercial enterprises servicing the needs of residents and
local workers would be appropriate types of new commercial
development. There are currently several vacant buildings in the
city limits and the Town encourages reuse of these commercial
structures. Tourist and recreational enterprises would be a
welcome addition to the Town. Industrial development which would
provide both technical and professional positions would be
appropriate for the Chocowinity area. The Town will provide
services to new industrial development when possible and will
seek assistance from the County when necessary.
Most of the land within the town limits has already been
developed. The Town supports redevelopment of parcels when
1
40

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
dilapidated structures can be removed and replaced by higher and
better uses. To provide for the efficient delivery of services,
the Town encourages new industry to locate in the city limits.
When new development cannot be accommodated within the Town, the
Town will support development in appropriate locations outside of
Town and when feasible, will provide public services. As plans
for sewer construction progress, the Town moves into a favorable
position to plan for new industrial development. The Town would
appreciate contact from developers considering projects in the
Chocowinity area so that adequate capacity can be reserved in
design of the Town's wastewater treatment system.
The Town is committed to maintaining and enhancing the
quality of life in Chocowinity. The Town supports improvements
to existing housing stock, and supports new construction as well,
especially development that will serve the housing needs of the
elderly and of low and moderate income groups.
The Town values regional resources such as the Pamlico River
and -its tributaries for the recreational and aesthetic amenities
they supply. The Town supports state and federal programs that
will assist the community in attaining its objectives for
protecting and managing these and other resources, and for
assisting in community development efforts. These include, but
are not limited to, public access programs, programs for conserv-
ing prime farmland and preserving water quality, highway improve-
41

n
'
ment programs, economic and community development programs, water
and sewer improvement programs, and programs which assist in
'
historic
preserving and archaeologic resources.
Chocowinity is now at a crossroads. Beaufort County is
expected to grow at a greater rate over the next ten years than
'
it has in several decades. Growth forecasts for Chocowinity are
especially strong. The Town is likely to have a public sewer
'
system in operation within five years. Residential, commercial,
and industrial development is then likely to increase.
Following is a listing of policy objectives the Town has
adopted to provide for community growth and for the economic
development of the Town. Included are strategies that the Town
'
will attempt to implement over the next five years in an effort
to achieve these policy goals.
support expansion of existing industry and recruitment of
new industrial and commercial enterprises
work with existing industrial firms and enterprises
interested in locating in the area to ensure that the
proposed sewage treatment plant has capacity for future
industrial expansion.
- support groups such as the Mid -East Commission, the
'
Regional Development Institute, and the Small Business
Institute at East Carolina University, which provide
assistance to new and small businesses and to economic
development projects.
- encourage reuse, or redevelopment if :appropriate, of
vacant commercial parcels in the downtown area.
- provide for the orderly growth of areas within Chocowinity
and land outside of Town
'
-
review the Town's zoning ordinance to ensure regula-
tions are adequate to control increasing development
42

u
11
11
0
over the next five years; give special attention to
signage, landscaping, and use regulations along U. S.
17; revise ordinance as necessary.
develop and adopt subdivision regulations.
conduct annexation feasibility study to determine
suitable areas in which to initiate annexation proceed-
ings. Give priority to developed areas already
provided with public water.
extend the Town's extraterritorial boundary along U. S.
17 to meet Washington's one -mile extraterritorial
boundary.
provide for adequate housing for all community residents
continue to apply for funding for local housing
improvements under the Community Development Block
Grant Program.
consider developing and adopting a housing code.
- preserve and enhance the quality of life in Chocowinity
develop a public facilities complex. Acquire land
adjoining the fire station; construct a new Town Hall
and develop recreational facilities that include a
playground, tennis court, and ballfield.
work with the County to develop an emergency prepared-
ness plan for accidents involving hazardous or explos-
ive substances on U. S. 17 or on the Norfolk -Southern
rail line.
contact state transportation officials to discuss the
feasibility of installing traffic controls at desig-
nated locations along U. S. 17.
formulate capital outlay plan so that a new Town well
can be constructed within the next five years if
necessary.
promote and enhance tourism opportunities
participate in regional efforts
eastern North Carolina.
to promote tourism in
' _ 43

support location of tourist and recreational services
along U. s. 17; encourage high -quality proposals;
consider revising landscaping, setback, parking, and
signage requirements in zoning ordinance.
support the concept of initiating a paddlewheel
showboat to tour the North Carolina coast; work with
proponents to ensure that Washington will be a stop-
ping -point along proposed route.
44

' D. Storm Hazards
North Carolina is well-known for the hurricanes and tropical
' storms that batter its coastline and the tornados that ravage
inland areas. Typically, the bulk of hurricane storm damage
' occurs in coastal areas. Hurricanes and tropical storms have
however, caused severe damage in estuarine and inland areas in
the past, as evidenced in Beaufort County. The storm of 1913
' raised the water level of the Pamlico River to a height of 10
feet•in the City of Washington, inundating the community and
surrounding area. Similar storms in 1933 and 1938 caused
' considerable damage to waterfront communities, and major storms
occurred in 1954, 1955, 1960, and 1970.
' In 1984 the County adopted a storm hazard mitigation
plan, Before the Storm in Beaufort County: Avoiding Harm's
' way.. The plan provides information on areas in the County at
risk from storm damage, outlines policies on storm hazard
mitigation, presents a detailed plan for evacuation of the County
' should a storm event occur, and includes a reconstruction plan to
guide rebuilding after the storm. Chocowinity is under the
authority of this plan. The County's storm hazard mitigation
' plan. was the source of the following information on storm
hazards, evacuation procedures, and the policies on reconstruc-
tion which the Town will follow after a storm disaster. A
complete copy of this plan is available for review at the
t _
45

L
Beaufort County Department of Emergency Management, 112 W. Second
Street in Washington.
1._Hazard Areas
The flooding, wave action, and erosion associated with
hurricanes and other major storms severely threaten three
categories of land in the County: Areas of Environmental
Concern, areas subject to flooding, and areas with highly
erodible soils. Two types of AECs are found in the Chocowinity
area: public trust areas (navigable waterways), and coastal
wetlands - found in the area of Chocowinity Creek, north of the
N. C. 33 bridge. Flood -prone areas, as shown on the Map of Land
Use Constraints, are found adjoining Chocowinity Creek, Maple
Branch, and Chapel Branch, and in the wetlands bordering U. S.
17 in the northern extraterritorial area. Flood -prone areas are
moderately threatened by damaging forces such as high winds and
flooding, and to a lesser extent, by erosion and wave action.
Areas with highly erodible soils in the County are shown in
Exhibit 1. As noted, a major portion of the Chocowinity area
contains soils suseptible to erosion.
.The Town is fortunate in that most areas in the community
severely threatened by damage from storms are undeveloped.
Comparing the Map of Existing Land Use with areas subject to
flooding as delineated on the Map of Land Use Constraints, most
development in Chocowinity has occurred on high ground, away
46

E
from creeks and wetland areas. Although the County's hurricane
plan identifies over 6,000 structures at risk from storm damage
in the County as a whole, only one structure in the Chocowinity
area is noted as being threatened by storm damage.
Hazards from flooding, wave action, and erosion are limited
primarily to land adjoining streams and creeks and to waterfront
areas, however the Chocowinity area and the entire County is
threatened by the high winds associated with a major storm event.
As noted in the County's hurricane plan, the County is suscept-
ible to annual extreme fastest wind speeds of between 120 and 130
miles per hour. (The annual extreme designation means that
there is an one percent or greater chance of that speed being
equalled in any one year.)
2. Evacuation and Reconstruction
Exhibit 2 outlines the evacuation routes that County
residents, workers, and visitors would utilize in the event of a
storm disaster. Capacity. analyses contained in the County's
evacuation plan indicates that these routes are adequate for
evacuation purposes unless the routes are inhibited at critical
"surge inundation points" as described in Exhibit 3. Prelimin-
ary evacuation times at selected inundation points appear in the
County's 1984 evacuation plan. Subsequent to adoption of the
County's plan, emergency management officials began working to
develop more precise estimates. Revised estimates of evacuation
47

times are expected
to be
issued in
August
1987 and
will be
available through the
County's
Department
of
Emergency
Manage-
ment.
Rebuilding in Chocowinity after a major storm occurrence
will be guided by the Beaufort County Disaster Relief and
Assistance Plan which was adopted in September of 1982. Those
sections of the plan most pertinent to post -disaster reconstruc-
tion are Annex F - Beaufort County Damage Assessment Plan; Annex
G - Disaster Assistance Center Plan; Annex H - Disaster Assist-
ance Program Summary; and Annex J - Beaufort County Plan for
Temporary Housing. The County's storm hazard mitigation plan
notes that the damage assessment procedures outlined in Annex F -
purpose, organization, concept of operation and articulation of
responsibilities - appear adequate to serve local needs after a
storm disaster.
The County has outlined a schedule for staging and permit-
ting repairs following a major storm event. Chocowinity will
follow this schedule as detailed below:
repair and rebuild essential services such as electri-
city, water and sewer - first.
repair other public facilities as necessary for
shelter.
use a triage (or worst damage last) approach to
staging the reconstruction effort. Those properties
with little damage should be permitted immediately, if
they comply with permit requirements already. Next,
those with moderate damage meeting permit requirements,
followed by those with moderate damage requiring
permit decisions. Those with extensive damage requir-
48

ing permit decisions or demolition decisions should
receive treatment last since their work would more
likely interfere with the reconstruction of essential
public utilities and facilities.
The County has the authority to impose a temporary morator-
ium on all development in the area should damage from a storm be
especially severe. The Town advocates use of such a moratorium
' is damage to a particular area is very serious and if redevelop-
ment of the area in the same manner would pose area residents
with similar health and safety problems in the future.
' The County's Recovery Task Force will oversee the recon-
struction process throughout the County and address any policy
' questions that might arise. The Task Force will work with state
' and federal representatives such as the Interagency Regional
Hazard Mitigation Team and the Section 406 Hazard Mitigation
' Survey and Planning Teams. The local Recovery Task Force will
provide information and guidance to state and federal recovery
' efforts and play an advocacy role in decisions regarding state
and federal disaster assistance. Members of the County's
Recovery. Task Force include the County Commissioners, the County
Engineer and Building Inspectors, the County Manager, the
managers and engineers of each municipality, (in the case of
' Chocowinity, the Mayor and the Town Engineer), the County
Emergency Management Coordinator, and the Director of the County
Health Department.
' _All repairs and new development done as part of reconstruc-
tion efforts will be done in accordance with applicable state
49

' land'use regulations and the Town's development controls. The
Board of County Commissioners will direct implementation of
' the policies and procedures outlined in the County's reconstruc-
tion plan. The Town Council will assume responsibility for
' ensuring that this plan is carried out in an orderly manner in
Chocowinity. The Planning Board will act as an advisory group
to the Council in a matters affecting land use and redevelopment.
3. Coordinating Agencies
The state and federal agencies involved in coordinating
local storm hazard mitigation and hurricane preparedness activi-
ties are listed in Appendix B.
4. Policy Objectives
' The County acknowledges that the Chocowinity area is
subject to storms that threaten the health, safety, and welfare
of its residents and the integrity of the area's natural and
' cultural resources. In an effort to plan for such natural storm
disasters and to safeguard local residents, resources, and
property, the Town has adopted the following policy objectives.
reduce the potential for storm damage
' - support enforcement of the County's floodplain ordin-
ance in the extraterritorial area.
' - enforce the state building code in all new construc-
tion.
consider adopting a housing code.
consider adopting subdivision regulations that include
special provisions for development within wetland and
flood -prone areas.
50

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
protect natural areas sensitive to storm hazards
classify Chocowinity Creek north of the N. C. 33
bridge as Conservation on the Town's Land Classifica-
tion Map.
- increase public awareness of the need for hurricane prepara-
` tion
support the "preparedness" program state and local
emergency management officials conduct in local
schools.
work with state officials to plan and conduct an
area -wide hurricane evacuation exercise.
51

' Exhibit 1
l v a\ � + w w� ''V •
•;ram
�\ ♦ a� .1
w \ • 4-
1 r
• I 1 ray � `��• �' ..a�a. � \
A. � \ � T
I w ♦ . • a.r
' ERODIBLE SOILS • M
r� w / �T'•rl.
Key: Areas with --�'t•
' particularly erodible
soils and - water table
between 18" & 24
source: E. 1% Kan cwski,
District ASCA
for site specific locations, see maps in Soil Conservation mil• _�
Service office, 102 E. 2nd St. Washington
51.1

Exhibit 2
9 '
N 5
b �•
SR,s� ACPE
SR 1612
w
0
Tyco
AN
Itsair. 92
33 4
p
LIC
l•` ye
MKORY
TN E
HURRICANE EVACUATION ��\. 33 Y
ROUTES AND SHELTERS • \ Q 6 ` \963 ,
BEAUFORT . COUNTY AURORA 33 CREEK
NORTH CAROLINA
for description of shelter sites © and
., evacuation routes, see following pages
r
Source: Before the Storm in Beaufort County:
Avoiding Harms Way, June 1984
IOD BEAW

EXHIBIT 2
.BEAUFORT COUNTY
HURRICANE EVACUATION ROUTES AND SHELTERS
AREA
ROUTES
SHELTER
1
West end of Washington take nearest route to
Eastern Elementary
15th Street, then east on 15th Street. East
School, 264 East
end of Washington take nearest route to
and Hudnell Street
Charlotte Street, north on Charlotte to 264,
(shelters also noted
east on 264.
at 7 and 8)
2
Washington Park and east of Washington Park
Beaufort County
to Broad Creek, take Brick Kiln Road to 264,
Community College
west on 264.
Bunyan
Upper Goose Creek, Duck Creek, west Side of
Beaufort County
Bath Creek take nearest route to 264 then
Community College
west on 264.
Bunyan
3
East side Bath Creek, St. Clair Creek, North
Bath High School
Creek, Pamlico Beach, Wright Creek, Jordan
Creek, take 92 to Bath.
4
Pungo Creek nearest route to 264, 264 east
Pantego Jr. High
to Pantego. Leechville, Belhaven take 264
School
west to Pantego.
5
Whichards Beach S. R. 1166 to U. S. 17,
Chocowinity High
U. S. 17 south to Chocowinity. Chocowinity
School
Bay to Blounts Creek Bay, nearest route to 33,
then 33 west to Chocowinity.
6
Hickory Point S. R. 1946 to 1942, 1942 to
Aurora High School
1940, 1940 to Aurora. South Creek, Spring
Creek 1912 to Aurora, Campbell Creek west
on 33.
Township 4 (Goose Creek Island) Pamlico
Aurora High School
County, take State Road 33 to Aurora. If
Aurora shelter is filled then continue on
"
33 to Chocowinity.
7
Take nearest route to Pinetown.
Pinetown Elementary
School
51,3

EXHIBIT 3
SURGE INUNDATION
POINTS
Evacuation Area
Major
Evacuation Routes
Critical Points
Belhaven
U. S.
264 By -Pass
Stretch of 264 .25 miles on
either side of lower Dowery
Creek culvert near intersection
of SR 1709.
Portion 1 mile east of the
intersection with N. C. 99 in
Belhaven, to that intersection.
Business 264
Portion inside Belhaven.
U. S.
264 By -Pass
Portion 1.5 miles on either
side of Cuckolds Creek Bridge
toward Pantego.
N. C.
99
From intersection with 264 in
Belhaven to Sidney Crossroads,
over the P_antego Creek Bridge,
the Pungo Creek Bridge.
Ransomville
N. C.
99
Portion from Pungo Creek
Bridge to Sidney Crossroads,
over the Jack Creek Bridge.
Portion from the St. Clair
Creek Bridge to a point
approximately 1 mile east of
SR 1734 (to Bayview).
The Back and Bath Creek
Bridges at Bath.
Bunyan/River
S. R.
1300
Portion of State Road 1300
Road area
that feeds 264, and all State
Roads that feed SR 1300, from
Broad Creek to Washington
(through Washington Park)
across Runyons Creek Bridge on
Park Drive in Washington.
U. S.
264
Portion .25 miles on either
side of Runyons Creek Bridge.
51.4

Evacuation Area
Major
Evacuation Routes
Critical Points
Washington
U. S.
264
Area inside the flood hazard
area inside Washington (that
is, the area from an imaginary
line drawn from the intersec-
tion of Oak Drive & Nillcrest
Drive due west to where it
would intersect U. S. 179 south
to and including the Pamlico
River Bridge (lower half of
city).
South Creek
N. C.
33
From the Pamlico County line
to Campbell Crossroads,
including crossing the Smith
Creek Bridge and the Campbell
Creek Bridge.
Chocowinity
N. C.
33
From the Chocowinity city
limits to the Pamlico River
Bridge.
S. R.
1166
Entire road from Oak Point to
U. S. 17 intersection, and all
feeder roads.
51.5

AREA
C
9
10
ROUTES
Residents from eastern area of County
(southside of river) take nearest route
to 33 then west to Chocowinity.
Overflow Pantego/Belhaven area.
These shelters will not be utilized
in a hurricane threat to Beaufort
County due to rising water. May be
used as needed for other disasters.
51.6
SHELTERS
Chocowinity Primary
School
Beaufort County
Elementary School
Wilkinson High
School and Belhaven
Elementary School

E. Public Participation
The preparation of Chocowinity's Land Use Plan was the
' responsibility of the Chocowinity Planning Board. The Planning
' Board, a five -person group appointed by the Town Council,
represents a wide range of ages, backgrounds, and interests. A
' workshop session introducing Board members to the planning
process was held in December of 1986 and the group then agreed to
meet monthly to work on the plan. Exhibit 4 presents a schedule
of public meetings held as part of the land use planning program.
' At their first meeting, the Planning Board agreed that
' soliciting public input would be an important goal of the
planning process. The Town's 1981 Land Use Plan recommended
that the Town conduct a public survey every five years to
provide citizen input for subsequent land use plan updates.
The Planning Board considered preparing a citizen questionnaire
' but given the time, expense, and effort involved in conducting a
valid survey, the Board decided their efforts would be better
spent in other actions. Instead of seeking public input through
a survey, the Board decided to utilize the media to encourage
attendance at Planning Board meetings and to inform residents of
' the work the group was involved in. Notices of all Board
meetings were submitted to four local radio stations for broad-
cast: WKJA, WWGN, WITN-TV, and WDLX. Similarly, all meetings
were advertised in the Washington Daily News, and articles
summarizing the information and issues discussed at each Board
' 52

1
1-1
11
meeting were submitted to the paper for publication. Copies of
all radio public service announcements and articles submitted to,
or appearing in the Daily News are included in Appendix C.
The Planning Board and Town Council will be the primary
groups through which public input will be accepted as the
planning program continues over the next five years. The
Planning Board will continue to meet monthly to assist the
Council in implementing the strategies for attaining policy
objectives on resource protection, production, and economic and
community development proposed in the 1987 Land Use Plan.
Following the example of the current planning program, soliciting
public input will be a primary goal of all future planning
endeavors.
The Planning Board and the Council recognize the importance
of keeping the citizenry informed of current planning concerns
and of receiving the comments and concerns of local residents.
Thus, the Town has adopted the following policy objectives:
solicit citizen input in all planning decisions
advertise all Council and Planning Board meetings
in the Daily News; emphasize that citizens are
invited a—ncT encouraged to attend all meetings
dealing with planning issues. (Appendix C
contains examples used in 1987 planning program).
apprise the public of planning issues as they develop
report important planning and community develop-
ment issues, decisions, and developments to the
Daily News; propose feature articles for espe-
cially important issues.
53

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EXHIBIT 4
CHOCOWINITY LAND USE PLANNING PROGRAM
SCHEDULE OF MEETINGS
December 11, 1986
Planning
Board Introductory Workshop
January 8, 1987
Planning
Board
February 12, 1987
Planning
Board
March 12, 1987
Planning
Board
Apri-1 9, 1987
Planning
Board
May 14, 1987
Planning
Board
June 4, 1987
Planning
Board
July 9, 1987
Planning
Board
August 13, 1987
Planning
Board
September 1, 1987
Planning
Board and Town Council.
Approval
of Preliminary Plan.
December 41 1987
Coastal Resources Commission approves
official
review comments on plan.
December 10, 1987
Planning
Board
53.1

' IV. LAND CLASSIFICATION
A. Purpose
' Chocowinity has adopted a system of land classification and
' an official Land Classification Map to assist local officials in
attaining policy objectives in the areas of resource protection,
' resource production, and economic and community development.
Four broad categories of land classification have been developed
' and are delineated on the Town's Map of Land Classification,
t(pg. 59.2). The map sets out a proposed development pattern for
the Chocowinity planning region. Based on this classification
' scheme, the Town has designated areas it believes are appropriate
to accommodate additional growth and development, and areas it
believes would be better left in a rural condition. The classi-
fications reflect proposed future land uses and attempt to link
land use, policy objectives, and implementation actions.
' Planners began developing a 1987 Classification Map by examining
the Classification Map in the 1981 plan. The Board then identi-
fied those areas where expansion of existing development is
anticipated and discussed a number of specific development
1 proposals. Although many of these proposals are still very
' tentative, by discussing specific projects in relation to land
classifications, planners became aware of the importance of the
' Classification Map in outlining an overall development pattern of
the community. Moreover given the attention given to developing
1
54

' the Classification Map, planners are likely to review the map
before granting future zoning .changes and ensure that the zoning
' map evolves consistent with the land classification scheme.
' B. Classification Scheme
The Town's land classification scheme is based on the
' guidelines for land classification outlined in the Coastal Area
Management Act's Land Use Planning Guidelines. The general
characteristics of each class are outlined in Exhibit 5.
' 1. Developed
' -The Developed classification encompasses all land within the
corporate limits of the Town. In its 1987 Land Use Plan, the
Town stated that it will encourage new development to locate
within the city limits whenever possible. By applying the
' Developed classification to all areas within Town, local offici-
als are attempting to facilitate this pattern of development.
At the same time, the Developed classification reflects the
' existing pattern of service provision, as all areas within the
city limits are serviced by public water and are likely to
1 be serviced with sewer upon completion of the proposed wastewater
' treatment system. Developed areas comprise primarly areas
zoned Mobile Home Residential, R-2 (medium density residential),
' B-1 (general business), B-2 (highway business), and L1 (light
industry).
55

' On the 1981 Land Classification Map, the Jones Circle area,
although within the Town boundaries, was classified Transition.
' This• area is now almost completely developed and is provided
' with all local services. As a result, this area appears as
Developed on the 1987 Map of Land Classification.
t2. Transition
Transition areas adjoin the Developed area and delineate
' areas of existing or anticipated high density development
outside of the Town's corporate limits. Public water extends
to service some areas of some Transition zones, however no area
' designated Transition is currently serviced throughout with
public water, nor is water service anticipated in all Transition
' areas within the next five years. When the Town's wastewater
treatment system is completed, it is likely that some Transition
areas, especially those closest to Town, will be tied into the
' system. However, development within the corporate limits will be
given priority for sewer service. Requests for extension
' outside of Town will be evaluated on a case -by -case basis.
As shown on the Map of Land Classification, Transition
' areas adjoin U. S. 17 as it enters the Town from the north
' and as it exits the Town on the south. A large area classified
Transition extends west from U. S. 17 to S. R. 1157. On the
' Town's 1981 classification map, this area was designated rural.
Since 1981, a large mobile home park, Harris Acres, has been
1
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1
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n
developed in the southern corner of this area. The park is
currently being extended west across the rail line and local
officials expect that it will be extended further westward,
almost to S. R. 1157. Town officials have also been approached
by developers considering constructing a shopping plaza in this
area along U. S. 17, north of Harris Acres. Local planners
support development of this area for residential and commerical
uses, so this portion of the extraterritorial area appears as
Transition on the Town's 1987 classification map. Areas designa-
ted Transition will be given priority for requests for rezoning
to higher densities.
The Evergreen Estates subdivision and the mobile home park
that' adjoins it on S. R. 1143 are also denoted in Transition
designation. In 1981, the Transition area generally followed the
existing pattern of development in patchwork fashion. To
simplify the classification scheme, the Transition area has been
extended south from Evergreen Estates south along Chapel Branch
to N. C. 33.
3. Rural
The Rural Classification encompasses most of the land
outside of Town. Most of the Rural area is currently zoned R-1,
low density residential. These are areas of scattered residen-
tial_ development, farmland, and woodland. Agricultural uses
predominate in the Rural area. The Town supports agricultural
57

1
L
and =silvacultural activities in outlying Rural areas and has
outlined a number actions that will be taken over the next five
years to encourage and enhance these activities in the extrater-
ritorial region.
4. Conservation
The Conservation designation has been applied to land within
400 feet of Chocowinity Creek, beginning 300 feet north of the
N. C. 33 bridge, extending south to the extraterritorial bound-
ary. The North Carolina Natural Hertiage Program has identified
this portion of Chocowinity Creek as a unique natural area. The
Town acknowledges the importance of the creek as a local resource
and also as a contributing factor to the sensitive regional
estuarine resources. In an effort to keep the creek and its
shoreline in as natural a condition as possible, the Town has
classified this area of the creek Conservation.
C. .Intergovernmental Coordination
The Town's Land Classification Map has been designed to
guide the actions of private developers and of public agencies at
all levels of government, in activities affecting land develop-
ment -in the Chocowinity region. Many of the planning objectives
set forth in the Town's Land Use Plan will enhance the land -use
goals of neighboring communities, the County, and the coastal
region as a whole. The Town will work with the various public
groups noted in this plan to ensure that the policy objectives

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and actions adopted as part of this planning effort will be
implemented as the Town develops over the next five years.
MO

1
EXHIBIT 5
LAND CLASSIFICATION
'
Developed
Purpose -
provide for continued intensive develop -
Class
ment
Land Uses
- mixed: residential, commercial, indus-
trial
Services
- usually all urban services provided:
water, sewer, police, fire, etc.
'
Density
- 3 or more dwelling units(du)/acre
Lot Sizes
- usually small, in some areas averaging
_
as little as 15,000 sq. ft.
t
Transi.tion
Purpose -
provide for future intensive development
Class
Land Uses
- mixed
Services
- water and sewer both usually present or
anticipated; police and fire protection
'
usually provided
Density
- usually 3 or more du/acre
Lot Sizes
- usually small, many times averaging
'
20,000 sq. ft.
Comment
- usually adjoins Developed Class
1
'
Rural
Class
Purpose -
agriculture and very low density residen-
tial
Land Uses
- farming, forestry, residential
Services
- none
Density
- generally greater than 1 du/acre
Lot Sizes - not applicable
Conservation Purpose - resource e protection
Class Land Uses - AECs and other sensitive natural areas
' Services - none
Comment - land basically to remain undeveloped or
developed only under controlled condi-
tions
59.1

1
Appendix A
STATE REGULATORY DEVICES
------------------------------------------------------
Agency Licenses and Permits
Department of Natural Resources - Permits to discharge to
and Community Development surface waters or operate
Division of Environmental wastewater treatment
Management plants or oil discharge
permits; NPDES Permits,
(G. S. 143-215).
Permits for septic tanks
to be used for industrial
purposes (G. S. 143-215.
3).
Permits for withdrawal
of surface or ground
waters in capacity use
areas (G. S. 143-215.15.
- Permits for air pollution
abatement facilities and
sources (G. S. 143-215.)
100).
Permits for construction
of complex sources; e. g.
parking lots, subdivis-
ions, stadiums, etc.
(G.S. 143-215.109).
- Permits for construction
of a well over 100,000
gallons/day (G. S.
87-88).
-------------------------------------------------------------------
t
Department of
and Community
Natural Resources
Development
- Permits to dredge anti/or
fill in estuarine
Division of Parks and Recreation
waters,
tidelands, etc. (G. S.
113-229).
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Department
of
Natural Resources
- Permits to undertake
and Community
Development
development in Areas of
Division of Coastal Management
Environmental Concern
'
(G. S. 113A-118).

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Agency--------- ---- - _-_Licenses -and -Permits
NOTE: Minor development
permits are issued by
local government.
Department of Natural Resources
- Permits to alter or to
and Community Development
construct a dam (G. S.
Division of Land Resources
143-215.66).
- Permits to mine (G. S.
74-51).
- Permits to drill an
explanatory oil or gas
well (G. S. 113-391).
- Permits to conduct
geographical exploration
(G. S. 113-391).
- Sedimentation erosion
control plans for any
land disturbing activity
of over one contiguous
acre (G. S. 113A-54).
Department of Natural Resources
- Permits to construct an
and Community Development
oil refinery.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Department of Administration
- Easements to fill where
lands are proposed to be
raised above the normal
high water mark of
navigable waters by
filling (G. S. 146.6
------------------------------------------------------------------
(c)).
Department of Human Resources
- Approval to operate a
solid waste disposal
site or facility (G. S.
130-166.16).
- Approval for construction
of any public water
facility that furnishes
water to ten or more
residences (G. S.
130-160.1)

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C
FEDERAL REGULATORY DEVICES
Agency Licenses and Permits
Army Corps of Engineers - Permits required under
(Department of Defense) Section 9 and 10 of the
Rivers and Harbors of 1899;
permits to construct in
navigable waters.
Permits required under
Section 103 of the Marine
Protection, Research and
Sanctuaries Act of 1972.
Permits required under
Section 404 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act
of 1972; permits to undertake
dredging and/or filling
activities.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Coast Guard - Permits for bridges, cause -
(Department of ways, pipelines over navigable
Transportation) waters; required under the
General Bridge Act of 1946
and the Rivers and Harbors
Act of 1999.
Geological Survey - Permits required for off -shore
Bureau of Land Management drilling.
(Department of Interior) - Approvals of OCS pipeline
corridor rights -of -ways.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission - Licenses for siting, construc-
tion and operation of nuclear
power plants; required under
the Atomic Energy Act of 1954
and Title II of the Energy
Reorganization Act of 1974.
-----------------
Federal Energy Regulatory - Permits for construction,
Commission operation and maintenance of
interstate pipeline facilities
required under the Natural
Gas Act of 1938.

----------------------------------------------
Agency
Licenses and PE�rmits
Federal Energy Regulatory
----------------------------------
- Orders of Interconnection
of
Commission
electric transmission facili-
ties under Section 202 (b)
of
the Federal Power Act.
- Permission required
for
abandonment of natural
gas
pipeline and associated
facilities under Section
7C
(b) of the Natural Gas Act
of
1938.
i
1
1
1
1

EIS
Appendix B
AGENCIES COORDINATING STORM PREPAREDNESS
N. C. Division of
Coastal Management
State Office:
Division of Coastal Management
Department of Natural Resources and
Community Development
P. 0. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611
[phone]
Field Office:
Division of Coastal Management
Department of Natural Resources and
Community Development
1424 Carolina Avenue
P. 0. Box 1507
Washington, NC 27889
[phone]
N. C. Division of
Emergency Management
(National Flood Insurance
Program Information)
State Office:
Division of Emergency Management
Department of Crime Control and Public
Safety
116 West Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27611
[phone]
Regional Office: Area Emergency Management Coordinator
N. C. Division of Emergency Management
Beaufort County Courthouse
Washington, NC 27889
[phone]
Federal Emergency Management Agency
National Office: Federal Emergency Management Agency
500 C Street, S. W.
Washington, D. C. 20472
Public Information - [phone]
Publications - [phone]

Regional Office: Federal Emergency Management Agency
Region IV
1375 Peachtree Street, N. E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30309
Public Information - [phone]
Disaster Assistance
Program - [phone]
Flood Insurance
Program - [phone]

1
Appendix C
1 Media Releases
1 WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1986 — PAGE 5
1
1
Choco Begins Update
Of Its Plan On Land Use
1
Water quality, storm hazard
troduce members to the plan -
mitigation and the influence U.S.
17 has on the town of Chocowin-
ning process. He presented an
outline of the plan and stressed
ity are three issues that will be
that it is an important tool for
given special attention as the
town holds a series of meetings
community growth since it
directs the actions of state and
1
on its Land Use Plan, the first of
which was Dec. 11.
federal agencies in permitting
and funding decisions.
The plan will be updated in
Many other types of plans are
accordance with the guidelines
of the state's Coastal Area Man-
merely advisory in nature.
Regular Planning Board meet-
1
agement Act (LAMA). Adopted
in 1974, CAMA specifies that ev-
ings to update the plan will be
held on the second Tuesday of
ery five years the state's 20 coas-
tal counties must prepare land
every month. They are open to
the public, and all interested
1
use plans to serve as guides for
citizens are encouraged to
growth and development.
attend.
Bob Paciocco, executive direc-
The next meeting is scheduled
for of the Mid -East Commission,
for Jan. 8 at 7:30 p.m. at the town
1
met with Planning Board to in-
-
hall.

PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
FOR MORE INFORMATION: Libby Anderson - 946-0043
The Chocowinity Planning Board will meet on Thursday,
January f3 to begin work on the Town's Land Use Plan. The
meeting will be held at 7:30 pm in the Town Hall. The public is
invited and encouraged to attend.

WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, WEDNESDAY. DECEMBER 31, 1986 — PAGE S
PLANNING BOARD MEETING
The Planning Board of Choco-
winity will meet Thursday, Jan.
8, to review Chocowinity's land
use plan. The meeting is the first
in a series to be held in 1987to
update. the plan. The planning
board will meet at 7:30 in the
town hall. All interested people
are encQur O,to attend.,

11
WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 14, 1987
Chocowinity
Looks Toward
Next 5 Years
CHOCOWINITY—Ten of 13 of
Chocowinity's planning objec.
Lives proposed in 1981 have been
achieved;local planners have de.
termined.
The Planning Board met
Thursday to review the Town's
1981 Land Use Plan and discuss
the planning goals developed six
Years ago. The board then evalu.
ated the progress the town had .
made toward achieving those
goals. Of the three actions the
plan proposed that have not been
implemented, planners agreed
two no longer mattered.
Thursday's meeting was the
second in a series of monthly
meetings that will be held in 1987
to update Chocowinity's Land
Use Plan. The plan is being up.
dated in accordance with the
guidelines of the State's Coastal
Area Management Act.
The updated plan. will guide
development in the town over
the next five years.
The town's proposed sewer
construction- is expected to in.
crease the potential for develop.
ment.
The Planning Board's next
meeting is scheduled for Thurs.
day, Feb. 12, at 7:30 p.m.

PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
FOR MORE INFORMATION: Libby Anderson - 946-0043
The Chocowinity Planning Board will meet on Thursday,
February 12 to continue its work in updating the Town's Land Use
Plan. The Agenda for Thursday's meeting will include a review
of current socioeconomic conditions in the Town. The meeting
will be held at '7::J0 pm in the Town Hall. The public is invited
and encouraged to attend.

WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1987 — PAGE 5
Chow% Planners
To Meet Thursday
For 2nd Hearing
CHOCOWINITY — The Cho-
cowinity Planning Board will
meet Thursday, Fev. 12, to dis-
cuss current socioeconomic con-
ditions in the town.
Topics of discussion will in. -
elude population, housing and
economic data. The meeting is
the second in a series of public
meetings held in preparation for
the town's land use plan update.
The plan will be updated
according to the guidelines of the
Coastal Area Management Act.
The update is conducted every
five years.
The meeting will be in the
Town Hall at 7:30 p.m. It is open
to the public.

PAGE 2 — WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, FRIDAY. FEBRUARY 20, 1987
Chocowinity
Expects 1,000
Population
CHOCOWINITY— Chocowin=
ity has the highest percentage of
growth of any community in
Beaufort County, the town's
Planning Board noted at its Feb.
12 meeting.
In recent years Chocowinity's
growth rate has been twice as fast
as the two larger towns in the
county, Belhaven and Washing.
ton, according to the board.
Chocowinty's population grew
by almost 30 percent between
1980 and 1985, while Washington
grew by 12 percent and Belhaven
by 3 percent. Chocowinity could
have more than 1,000 residents
by 1990 if this rate of growth con.
tinues.
The February meeting was the
second in a series the board will
hold this year as it updates the
town's land use plan. The plan is
being updated according to
guidelines of the state's Coastal
Area Management Act (CAMA).
The next meeting, scheduled
for March 12 at 7:30 p.m. in the
Town Hall, current land uses will
be reviewed with special atten.
tion given to identifying conflicts
in existing uses.
All meetings are open to the
Public, and interested citizens
are encouraged to attend.

Public Service Announcement
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
FOR MORE INFORMATION: Libby Anderson -- 946-8043
The Chocowinity Planning Board will meet on Thursday,
March 12, to continue its work in updating the Town's Land Use
Plan. The agenda for Thursday's meeting will include a review
of current land uses in the Town. The meeting will be held
at 7:30 pm'in the Town Hall. The public is invited and
encouraged to attend.

WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, TUESDAY, MARCH 10, 1987 — PAGE 5
Local Land Uses
Will Be Reviewed
At Thursday Meet
CHOCOWINITY — The Cho-
cowinity Planning Board will re-
view the town's land uses and
concerns during a meeting sche-
duled for Thursday, March 12, at
7:30 p.m.
The meeting will be one in a
series aimed at updating the
town's land use plan, which was
last prepared in 1981. The revi-
sion will be conducted under the
Coastal Area Management Act.
At a meeting last month, the
board reviewed statistics on
population, housing and eco-
nomy. This month's meeting will
focus on the changes that have .
occurred in the town since 1981
and on the conflicts in existing
and planned land uses.
The meeting will be held in the
Town Hall. The public is encour- .
aged to attend.

1�
7
WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, TUESDAY, MARCH 17, 1987 — PAGE 5
Sewage Needs,_ Roads
Top Town's Plans List
Lack of septic tank alterna-
tives, roads and. the Norfolk -
Southern rall yard were identi-
fied as the three major land use
concerns in Chocowinity by the
town's Planning Board at a meet-
ing March 12.
Every five years local govern-
ments are required to review ex-
isting land uses and develop a
plan for land use for the next five
years.
Planners noted that the lack of
public sewage treatment facili-
ties is the town's most serious
land use concern. Poor soils in
many areas of the community
make installation of in -ground
systems that meet health depart-
ment requirements costly. The
sewage problems is the town's
greatest limitation to growth,
planners said.
Many commercial or industrial
concerns are unwilling to front
the cost of expensive in -ground
systems, said planners. The plan-
ners also said the town should try
'to obtain funds for constructon
of sewage treatment systems.
There are tentative plans for the
town to tie in with the City of
Washington's sewage treatment
pub
Planners said if the town could
provide sewage treatment that
the town would probably grow.
Officials said that it will then
be important that the town have
a comprehensive set of develop-
ment controls in place to guide
new development.
Highway U.S. 17 divides Cho-
cowinity into two distinct halves,
said planners. The highway is
heavily traveled and is a major
north -south truck route. Many
trucks carry hazardous materials
and planners said they were con-
cerned over public health and
safety should an accident occur.
Planners were also concerned
about'rail traffic that passes
through: the Norfolk -Southern
rail yard. Planners said a rail acci-
dent risks ilre or explosion and it
was noted that a chemical spill
could pollute local water sup-
plies.
The Planning Board's meeting
was the third in a series of meet-
ings that will be held this year as
the board updates the town's
-Land Use Plan. The board meets
again April 9 at 7:30 p.m. at town
hall. The public is invited.

Mid -East Commission
P. O. Box 1787
Washington, NC 27889
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
FOR MORE INFORMATION - Libby Anderson - 946-8043
PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT
The Chocowinity Planning Board will meet on Thursday., April 9 to
continue its work in updating the Town's land use plan. Included
on Thursday's agenda will be a review of constraints to local
land development. Thursday's meeting will be held in the Town
Hall at 7:30 pm. All interested citizens are encouraged to
attend.

I[]
PAGE 10 — WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, THURSDAY, APRIL 9, 1987
Chocowinity Panel To Discuss
CAMA Land Use Plan Update
'
The Chocowinity Planning
board will meet at 7:30 tonight at
in a series of meetings the board
will hold this year as it updates
the Town Hall to continue its
the land use plan in accordance
work in updating the town's land
with guidelines of the state's
'
use plan.
` Tonight's agenda includes a re-
Coastal Area Management Act
(CAMA). At previous meetings
vyiew of physical limitations to
statistics on population and eco-
'
localdevelopment.Plannerswill
discuss how poor soils, the pre-
nomy were discussed. Last
month the board reviewed local
§ence of flood plains and aquifer
land uses and discussed poten-
'areas might constrain develop-
tial changes in land uses during
inent in some places in the com-
tnunity.
the next five years.
'
The meeting is open to the
The meeting will be the fourth
public.
11
IL

WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, MONDAY, APRIL 20, 1987 — PAGE 5
Poor Soils Limit- Growth
For*
Town,) Say. Planners
Poor soils pose the greatest
limitation to growth and de-
velopment in Chocowinity, said
the town's Planning Board.
Over 90 percent of the town has
soils that have severe limitations
for the siting of septic tank sys-
tems, said the board as it met re-
cently to update the town's Land
Use Plan.
In most respects, said the
board, Chocowinity is "ripe for
development," but until a public
sewage treatment system is con-
structed or feasible alternatives
to septic tanks are developed,
growth will be slow, said the
planners.
In addition to poor soils, said
the planners, the presence of
flood -prone areas may also pose
a limitation to development.
There are several. floodplain
areas in Chocowinity's ex-
traterritorial area: along Choco-
1
winity Creek, Chapel Branch,
Maple Branch, and an extensive
flood -prone area along U.S. 17
north towards Washington.
Between 30 and 40 percent of
the planning region is made up of
Prime farmland soils, noted plan-
ners who said agricultural offi-
cials are trying to Preserve areas
of prime farmland and, .that
when possible, these areas
should be reserved for farming.
According to state officials, the
Planning region has at least two
important historic buildings (the
Col. James Reading Grist house
and Trinity Church) and one uni-
que natural area — Chocowinity
Creek from the N.C. 33 bridge to
Chocowinity Bay.
The Planning Board will con
tinue its work on the Land Use
Plan at a May 14 meeting at 7 p.m.
in the town hall. The meeting is
open to the public.

Mic7 Cast Commission
0. l to x' 1 *287
'4ashington, NC c'7809
F O t I MMED I ATE UEL EASE
1 OF2 MOUF INFOUMAI ION - t_ibby Anderson - 944-8043
Public Service Announcement
Ihc2 Choc(:)wini ty Planning Door I wi l l meet on Thursday, May lit to
cnnt.inue i is worl. in updating the Town's land use plan. The
Donrd will begin to forme,late policy on resource protection.
Thor-.-�day's meeting will be held in the Town Ha11 at 7:30 pm.
E111 interested citi en-i are rim-ouraged to attend.

WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, WEDNESDAY, MAY 13, 1987 — PAGE 5
CHOCO PLANNING BOARD
The Chocowinity Planning
Board will meet Thursday at 7:30
p.m. in the Town Hall. The board
will meet to continue its work on
the town's Land Use Plan. The
board is updating Chocowinity's
Land Use Plan in accordance
with the guidelines of the state's
Coastal Area Management Act.
Planners will review the ability
of the town's public facilities to
meet service demands over the
next five years. The board will
also begin formulating policy
statements on resource protec-
tion. All interested persons are
invited.

1 . .
WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, THURSDAY, MAY 21, 1987 — PAGE 5
� Chocowinity Planning Board
� - Develops Policy Statements
The Chocowinity Planning
Board has begun developing
policy statements on land de-
velopment issues.
Planners have agreed that pre-
serving local creeks and wetland
areas would be a goal for the
town over the next five years.
The board has met five times
this year update the Land Use
Plan in accordance with the
Coastal Area Management Act.
Chocowinity is expected to ex-
perience a population increase
over the next 10 years. By' 1990,
the town is expected to have
1,000 residents. And by 1995, it is
expected to have 1,500 residents.
Planners noted that rapid
growth depends'on construction
of a wastewater treatment facil-
ity. Water supply and school
E
capacity appear adequate to
serve residential demand over
the next decade, they said.
But they cautioned that a new
well would be needed by 1995 if
the town wished to serve new in-
dustrial demand.
The board identified protect-
ing water quality, in the Pamlico
River, present and future water
supply and historic resources as
important goals for the next five
years.
The planners also agreed that
the town should discourage de-
velopment on lands that are un-
suitable for construction.
The board will continue its
work on the Land Use Plan at its
June 4 meeting at 7:30 p.m. in the
Town Hall. All interested per-
sons are invited.

WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 1987 = PAGE 5
CHOCO PLANNING BOARD
The Chocowinity Planning
Board will meet Thursday at 7:30
p.m. in the Town Hall. The board
will continue its work on the
town's Land Use Plan. Planners
will begin formulating policy
statements on resource produc-
tion and economic and commun-
ity development.

' Mid -East Commission
P. O. Box 1787
Washington, NC 27889
June 12, 1987
�i
U
F�l
1
FOR_IMMEDIATE RELEASE
FOR MORE INFORMATION - Libby Anderson - 946-8043
Chocowinity Planners Meet
The Chocowinity Planning Board met Thursday, June 4 to
continue working on the Town's land use plan. Planners have
been meeting since December reviewing data on land use, con-
straints to development, and socioeconomic statistics, in an
effort to update the Town's 1981 comprehensive land use plan.
On Thursday, the Board began drafting policy statements on
resource management and economic and community development
issues.
The Board has recommended that the Town adopt five policy
goals in the area of economic and community development. As a
first objective, planners suggested that the Town adopt a policy
to support expansion of existing industry and recruitment of new
industrial and commercial enterprises. Planners noted that as
plans for a municipal sewer system progress, the Town is moving
into a very favorable position to plan for new industrial and
residential development. The Board emphasized the importance of
designing the new wastewater system with adequate capacity to
accommodate additional industrial and residential development
over the next decade.
The Town has grown considerably in recent years and develop-
ment is likely to increase to an even greater extend as a result
of -sewer construction. Thus, planners urged that the Town adopt
a policy to provide for the orderly growth of areas in and
surrounding Chocowinity. To achieve this objective, planners
suggested that the Town revise the existing zoning ordinance,
adopt subdivision regulations, and conduct an annexation feasibi-
lity study. Other community development policies the Board
recommended where providing for adequate housing, preserving
and enhancing the quality of life in Chocowinity, and promoting
and enhancing tourism opportunities.
The Board will continue its work on the land use plan at
its next meeting, Thursday,, July 9. The Board meets at 7:30 pm
in the Chocowinity Town Hall. All interested persons are encour-
aged to attend.

Mid -East Commission
P. 0. Box 1787
Washington, NC 27889
June 309 1987
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
FOR.MORE INFORMATION - Libby Anderson - 946-8043
Public Service Announcement
The Chocowinity Planning Board will meet on Thursday, July
9 to review the Town's Land Classification Map. The Board meets
at 7:30 pm in the Town Hall. All interested persons are encour-
aged to attend.

WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, WEDNESDAY, JULY 8, 1987 — PAGE 5
CHOCOWINITY PLANNERS
The Chocowinity Planning
Board will meet Thursday at 7:30
p.m. in the Town Hall to continue
its work on updating the town's
land -use plan. Planners will re-
view the town's land classifica-
tion map and determine what
changes should be made in the
map. Interested persons are in-
vited.

1
' Mid -East Commission
P. O. Box 1787
' Washington, NC 27889
July 20, 1987
' FOR IM
MEDIATE RELEASE
' FOR MORE INFORMATION - Libby Anderson - 946-8043
I
Chocowinity Planners Recommend Land Classification Scheme
' _The Chocowinity Planning Board proposed several major
changes to the Town's current Land Classification Map at its
July 9 meeting. The Land Classification Map shows all land in
' the Town and its extraterritorial area classified into one of
four categories: Developed, Transition, Rural, and Conservation.
Developed land encompasses all •land within the Town limits.
Transition land denotes areas where growth is occurring or will
' be encouraged. Rural areas are areas where farming and forestry
uses predominate. The Conservation designation has been given to
land within 100 feet of Chocowinity Creek north of the Route 33
' bridge, in an effort to limit development along the creek bank.
..The Planning Board has been meeting since December to
update Chocowinity's Land Use Plan. The Land Classification Map
' represents the final step in the update process and the Board
will review the draft plan in completed from at its August
meeting. The Board's August meeting is scheduled for Thursday,
' August 13 at 7:30 pm in the Town Hall. All interested persons
are encouraged to attend.

Mid -East Commission
P. 0. Box 1878
Washington, NC 27889
August 10, 1987
0
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
FOR MORE INFORMATION - Libby Anderson - 946-8043
Public Service Announcement
The Chocowinity Planning Board will meet on Thursday, August 13
to review the final draft -of the Town's 1987 land use plan.
Thursday's meeting will be held in the Town Hall at 7:30 pm.
All interested citizens are encouraged to attend.

WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 12, 1987 — PAGE 5A
CHOCO PLANNING BOARD
The Chocowinity Planning
Board will meet Thursday at 7:30
p.m. in .the Town Hall to review
the final draft of the town's 1987
Land Use Plan. All interested
persons are invited to attend.

Mid -East Commission
' P. 0. Box 1787
Washington, NC 27889
August 17, 1987
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
FOR MORE INFORMATION - Libby Anderson - 946-8043
I
Chocowinity Council to Review Land Use Plan
' Chocowinity planners ended eight months of work Thursday
night when they voted to submit the Town's updated land use
plan to the Town Council for approval. The Planning Board has
' been -meeting since December to update the Town's land use plan in
accordance with the guidelines of the state's Coastal Area
Management Act (CAMA). CAMA regulations .require that all
coastal counties prepare comprehensive land use plans; municipal-
ities such as Chocowinity have the option of preparing land use
plans. State guidelines specify that land use plans be updated
every five years; the Beaufort County Commissioners recently
' approved the County's draft land use plan update.
Chocowinity's land use plan outlines policy objectives
' covering topics such as resource protection, resource production
and management, and economic and community development. Planners
have recommended a variety of activities the Town could take to
achieve its planning objectives. The Board has identified six
' actions of special importance: construction of a wastewater
treatment system; adoption of -subdivision regulations, extending
the extraterritorial limit along U. S. 17 north, adopting a
' housing code; annexation of outlying areas; and developing a
Town office -recreation complex near the present fire station.
Planners will ask the Town Council to approve the draft
land'use plan at the Council's September meeting. Copies of the
plan can be obtained from the Mid -East. Commission in Washington.
Interested persons are invited to attend the Council meeting
' September 1 at 7:30 pm in the Chocowinity Town Hall.

WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 19, 1987 — PAGE 5A
ChocoWmIty Planning Board
Completes Land Use Plan
' The Chocowinit Planning The plan, which the board has
Y
Board has completed prepara- been working on since Decem-
tion of an updated land use plan. ber, outlines policy objectives in
areas of resource protection, re-
source production and manage-
ment, and economic and com-
munity development.
The plan also identifies con-
struction of a wastewater treat-
ment system, adoption of subdi-
vision regulations, extension of
the extraterritorial limit along
U.S.17 north, adopting a housing
code, annexation of outside areas
' and development of an office -
recreation complex near the fire
station as necessary or important
objectives.
The planning board will sub-
mit the plan to the Chocowinity
Town Board of Commissioners
in September for approval.
0

Mid -East Commission
P. 0. Box 1787
Washington, NC 27889
August 26, 1987
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
FOR MORE INFORMATION - Libby Anderson - 946-8043
Public Service Announcement
The Chocowinity Town Council will meet Tuesday, September 1 to
review the Town's preliminary Land Use Plan. All interested
persons are encouraged to attend the Council meeting which
begins at 7:30 pm in the Chocowinity Town Hall.

I
WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, FRIDAY, AUGUST 28, 1987 — PAGE 5
Chocowinity's Town Board
� To Discuss Land Use Plan
The Chocowinity Town Board
The plan is being updated to
of Commissioners will review
conform with the Coastal Area
the town's preliminary land use
Management Act. The plan re-
plan, developed by the Planning
commends several planning con -
Board over the last eight months,
trols for the next five years in -
at Tuesday's meeting.
cluding adoption of subdivision
The commissioners can recom-
regulations, annexing property,
mend changes in the plan. When
housing rehabilitaion and de -
approved by the board, it will be
velopment of a town office and
sent to state officials for review.
recreation complex.
In the late fall, a public hearing
The meeting will be held at 7:30
will be held and the board will
p.m. Tuesday at the Chocowinity
adopt a final land use plan.
Town Hall.
11

' WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1987 — PAGE 9
Chocowinity Council Okays
Preliminary Land Use Plan
'
CHOCOWINITY — The Cho- .
commends to attain policy goals:
cowinity Town Council 11as
extension of the one -mile ex -
approved a Draft Land Use Plan
for the community at its Septem-
traterritorial planning jurisdic-
tion, adoption of subdivision reg-
ber 1 meeting.
ulations, annexation of several
The Council had requested last
developed areas outside of town,
fall that the Planning Board be-
and developing a town office -
gin updating Chocowinity's 1981
Land Use Plan. The Planning
recreation complex.
Chocowinity's Preliminary
Board has been working on the
Land Use Plan will now be sub -
update since December, follow-
ing the guidelines of the states,
mitted to officials of the state for
review. A public hearing and fin -
Coastal Area Management Act.
Technical assistance was pro-
al adoption of the plan by the
Town Council is anticipated for
vided by the Mid -East Commis-
late fall.
'
sion of Washington.. _ _..._ C.opies.of_Chocowinity's. Pre -
The town's 1987 Preliminary liminary Land Use Plan are on
Land Use Plan includes
file with the town clerk and are
:strategies the Planning Board re- .
available for review.

Mid -East Commission
P. 0. Box 1787
Washington, NC 27889
December 7, 1987
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
FOR MORE INFORMATION - Libby Anderson - 946-8043
Public Service Announcement
The Chocowinity Planning Board will meet on Thursday, December
10 to review the final revisions to the Town's 1987 land use
plan. Thursday's meeting will be held in the Town Hall at 7:30
pm. All interested citizens are encouraged to attend.

WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1987 — PAGE 9A
CHOCOWINUY LAND PLAN
The Chocowinity Planning
Board will meet at 7:30 p.m. to-
day to discuss final revisions to
the town's 1987 Land Use Plan
required under the Coastal Area
Management Act. A draft plan
was completed in September.
The meeting is open to the
public.

WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1987 — PAGE 13
NOTICE OF PUBLIC -HEARING.
TOWN OF CHOCOWINITY CITIZENS
The Town of Chocowiniyy will receive public
.comment on the Town's 1987 CAMA Land Use
Plan Update on Tuesday February 2 at 7:30
pm in the Chocowinity town Hall. The plan
outlines policies on land use and development
that the Town will follow over the next five
years and classifies land in the Town according
to the guidelines of the states Coastal Area
Management Ad (CAMA). Copies of the plan
are available for review at the Chocowinity
Town Hall from 8:30 am to noon and from
1:00 pm to 5:00 m, Monday through. Fiidoy.:.-
The Honorable Charles A Williamson, Mayor
Town of Chocowinity
12-31 ltc

r,
1
1 PAGE 12 — WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, SATURDAY, JANUARY 30, 1988
1
Chocowinity's Land Use Plan
To Reach
CRC On Thursday
RALEIGH
d
I
'1
F
— The Coastal Re- public hearing on the proposed
sources Commission (CRC) will designation of the Buxton
discuss Chocowinity's land use Woods as an area of environmen-
topics and review contested tal concern (AEC) and review
cases at its meeting Feb. 4-5 in land use plan updates for
Beaufort. Washington County, Chocowin-
During the session Thursday
morning, the commission will
consider a permit appeal to allow
construction of a pier in Carteret
County. Requests to reduce civil
penalties for two violations in
Carteret County will also be con-
sidered. At 1:30 p.m. the commis-
sion will hold concurrent com-
mittee meetings.
The Planning and Special
Issues Committee will discuss
the comments made during a
rty and Atlantic Beach, and the
draft plan update for Dare
County.
The committee will also hear
reports on plans for Beach
Sweep '88, a coastwide cleanup
to be held Sept. 24, and Emerald
Isle's stormwater planning pro-
ject.
The Implementation and Stan-
dards Committee will hear a sta-
tus report on updating the ocean-
front erosion rates, discuss possi-
ble changes in the commission's
bylaws related to contested case
procedures and review public
comments on a proposed rule
change that would make the
AEC nomination timetable con-
sistent with the Administrative
Procedures Act. Placing signs in
public waters and revisions of
the civil penalty schedule will
also be considered.
On Friday, the CRC will hear
reports from the committees and
an update on the red tide.
The Coastal Resources Com-
mission will meet at the Duke
University Marine laboratory on
Pivers Island in Beaufort. All ses-
sions begin at 9 a.m. and are open
to the public.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Mid -East Commission, Chocowinit_y CAMA Land Use Plan Update 1981.
Washington, NC, 1981.
' Mid -East Commission, "December Newsletter," December 1986.
North Carolina Department of Commerce, 1985-86 Directory Manu-
facturing Firms. Raleigh, 1984.
' North Carolina Department of Commerce, Division of Travel and
Tourism, "1985 North Carolina Travel Study." Raleigh, May
' 1986.
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of
Archives and History, Correspondence, 28 January 1987.
North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development, Division of Parks and Recreation, Correspond-
ence, 1 December 1986.
Office of State Budget and Management, Profile North Carolina
Counties. Raleigh, Seventh Edition 1986.
Office of State Budget and Management, Profile North Carolina
Counties. Raleigh, Sixth Edition 1981.
Office of State Budget and Management, "North Carolina Municipal
Population 1985." Raleigh, September 1986.
' Office of State Budget and Management, Statistical Abstract
North Carolina State Government. Raleigh, Fifth Edition
1984.
' Planning and Design Associates, Before the Storm in Beaufort
County: Avoiding Harm's Way. Raleigh, June 1984.
' U. S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Servicq,
Beaufort County North Carolina Soil Survey Maps and
' Interpretations. July, 1984.
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Soil
Survey of Hertford County North Carolina. July 1984.
' U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1980 Census
of Population Washington, D. C. Government Printing
' Office, October 1983.
Washington -Beaufort Bicentennial Commission, Washington and the
Pamlico. Raleigh, 1976.

m m == r m = = = m == m i m= m
TOWN OF
Extraterritorial '
��------ -----------.• rjsdiotjon CHOCOWINITY
• "F
.' / �, ��`�•..��� NORTH CAROLINA
1
XISTING M�tU SE
Is
TOW
17
1 �
1 1
� 1
r"N�t
1
sI ntial
I
rcial
Indu trial
Institutionf%l� f �\ Th. pr.p.[.tf en of thf. sou lle.n<.d in
p.rt throw»h . �nnt prorld.d hp tM North
ch
U nd eve 1� ed C.[e.... N.n.a.M»t a. his,
1 th[ou.h land. p[orld.d OP tM Co%W Loa.
Prepared by the Md-Fist Ctmntssl.an N.n.s...ne ere oT te'r=. ...wend.e, .n .d
Was at, North Carolina f. .e.lnt.e...e by tn. otu<. or "..n .nd
t t C22t, b.eur<. N.n.s...et. N.elo..l
July 1987 Oe..nlo .nd Aao.pMrlo 1ldnlpl.tralon.

a
0

CHOCOWINITY AREA SOILS
Approximate Scale: 1 inch = 2,000 feet
Source: U.S. Soil Conservation Service
The preparation of this map was financed in
part through a grant provided by the North
Carolina Coastal Management Program,
through funds provided by the Coastal Zone
Management Act .of 1972, as amended, which
is administered by the Office of Ocean and
Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.'
30.5

N,t
Extraterritorial 11
----------- ---- JUrjSd r
eeee
lo
I
W
W
Town Li�.ts
rDeve�looped
♦♦ 3h Y==�
01
Trans'Uon ;
Rural ------
HSi.Y ^- �➢'t:. "� /r
Prepared the Mid -Fast CamdaslooConserFQ}ion Washington, North Carolina
July 1987
MM
TOWN OF
CHOCOW1 N ITY
NORTH CAROLINA
$cut f. fit?
LAND
, I
CLASSIFICATION
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
n _% w` _%,
the prep.rafon oe thi. .ep •e. fie.nued in
p.rE through • tr.nt prov lded br the North
Carol ln. C... t.l Menetr.ent Protrs.,
throu.h fund* provld.d br tha Coact[ tune
Ma.......t Act f 1972, .e emended, vhl ch
1: od.lnlstered br Lh. Office e[ Oceen end
Co.. t.l R.. rc. "ene.....
0.... lc end At... pherlc Adminlat ratlnn.

CHOWAN COUNTY
U N 7 Y NORTH CAROLINA
G O
SCALE
1 0 1 Y
3 A MILES
5 3-Pp. 0 05 1 MILE
SCALE FOR ENLARGEMENTS
G % >
:Z l e 2
� / N
32 36.20
11301
Z
3S _�AIJI,
GGden 1302
j 1 12
0
c.i
Y,
HER T FOR D \'"ga TOwWF
; 1307
1232
A05
C O U N T v Ryland
tC°"'°n r9rr� a i o i3as 130e HM
13• °
L9 a•.o o.
(! 129 — 3W
13,0 "°� _ L CLASSIFICATION 06"I5' //� / 7
... . » _ 76'15,
,.,.Z_ r .-
1 1311 '301
Ligan
326 1219" Illl
'• Z
Developed
�1227 ' 1D02 _ a - Transition
C,.6,od - I
3Z Syr.. I O •• D Community
12.
r . Pi
�° age �:. 911 z Conservation
=
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Landing -21
1 1
2,s I 'A'
t 1311 1 1313
xie
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....
1 ( Y• 120];- ��
- - _ - - - - - - - _ -, - - - ix. _ •` ' - - - -, - .... .- -. _ �- � � -.
Barber I I
e 12oo
I
(
s � 1207
€ 131e-
' �
\�, Macedonla
.11F ��
/lAi ,Is
.y i2op"H
I 1208 1209
'
1100
W I •• 1203 1208
S'r` 1323 FP Y
F
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OnI _
I201
37
11110
No \
Reedy Pdrl
l10e St. Johns
� Edenton M idt,O]
Airport
l �\
I
I
! .: ; • a fp�
•
i • • 1119 III
{ 0O�s➢ T 110,
' 1123
III, 1_LD.4 �. ( I-...1128
1111 1128 IBI.ff Pant
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g Oo ty Y
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III3 I,.B 32 /
y-
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\ 9
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E M
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0
O N
W A S H I N G
T
LAND g CLASSIFICATION
Logend
Develo
_ Transition
Vm1glullily ♦00
Rural 40
ro j
.�: 00
Conservation �E 0
" "' ♦' 66g9
solo
p '
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BAY
_ _ CORPORPTE LIMITS _
�FP
The classification maps were based on previous maps that the
town and county prepared suggesting commercial, industrial,
residential, agricultural and conservation areas.' However these
classification maps deal with future development densities. The
classification used is as follows:
a. DEVELOPED —lands where existing population density is
moderate to high, and where there are a variety of land
uses which have the necessary public services. The land in
this category is completely within the corporate limits of
Edenton.
b. TRANSITION —Lands where local government plans to
accommodate moderate to high density development
during the following ten year period, and where necessary,
public services will be provided to accommodate that
growth. Transition lands have been designated adjacent to
the corporate limits of Edenton where, in keeping with the
town's utility extension policies, services could be pro-
vided to accommodate that growth. Transition lands have
been designated adjacent to the corporate limits of
Edenton where, in keeping with the town's utility
extension policies, services could be provided if the need
arises. The county has not designated any transition
because, at this time, it does not plan to provide sewer to
county residents. If a suitable arrangement can be made,
areas of the county adjacent to Edenton and in the Cape
Colony section may receive sewer during the Edenton 201
wastewater services construction program.
c• COMMUNITY —Lands where low density development
is grouped in existing settlements or will occur in such
settlements during the following ten year period and
which will not require extensive public services now or
in the future. This category is not applicable to Eden-
ton; within Chowan County there are several such
communities ---Valhalla, Tyner, Cape Colony and others
shown on the map.
d. RURAL —Lands whose highest use is for agriculture,
forestry, mining, water supply, etc. based on their natural
resources potential. The majority of land in Chowan
County falls into this category. Certain areas within
Edenton's extraterritorial limits not likely to develop also
have been categorized as rural.
e. CONSERVATION —Fragile, hazard or other lands neces-
sary to maintain a healthy natural environment and
necessary to provide for the public health, safety and
welfare. The areas within Chowan County that are
considered sensitive to development are certain shoreline
areas and the millponds in the northern part of the county.
Within the extraterritorial limits of Edenton, the conserva-
tion lands are the wooded swamp areas southwest of town.
Future residential, industrial and commercial development
should be concentrated in transition and community areas. The
combined growth of the town and county for the next ten years
probably has an upper limit of 1500 people, or approximately 430
households.
.The county has allocated approximately 11,000 acres of
community land. The allocation of future growth cannot be
done precisely on a one household to one parcel basis. The
county's allocation of community land basically delineates
existing rural communities and suggests that further growth
should take place in these areas, since none are fully developed.
If development is limited to these areas, the standards set in the
sketch development plan would be furthered. However,
whether growth in the county does in fact take place in
community areas depends to a large extent on the land use
controls the county decides to implement. The final decisions
have not been made to date.
The town has allocated 900 acres of transition land. The
preliminary 201 wastewater planning report indicates that the
transition lands that are not already sewered will be. Like the
county, the population growth expected cannot be allocated
exactly on a household to acre basis, but in considering the land
development plan of the town, the transition area along 17.
North will probably be developed for industrial purposes, with
commercial and residential growth occurring in the other
transition areas. This would meet the objectives of concentrating
industry around existing industrial zones, and would harmonize
industry with the rest of the community.
Land Development Plan, Edenton, North Carolina (1968)
Sketch Development Plan, Chowan County (1973)
♦♦
3P f
pP
�P
,O
THE TOWN OF EDENTON,NORTH CAROLINA
BASE MAP
Concluding Remarks
The planning that is being done for the Coastal Area
Management Act is quite important for the future of the county
and town. Citizens are urged to consult the complete plan at the
county courthouse and town municipal building for detailed
information on land use policy; and for information on natural
resources, population, economy, existing land use and com-
munity facilities.
While the plan discusses current problems and possible
solutions, and estimates future developments; the report will
not be useful unless it is revised and updated as new situations
arise and new information becomes available. The Coastal Area
Management Act requires that the plan be updated at least every
five years. The planning boards will need to continue working on
guiding development in the town and county, and supervise
necessary plan revisions.
Chowan County and Edenton have been fortunate in not
having the land development problems that many other areas of
the state and nation do have. Nevertheless, the town and county
have problems that need work. In the near future more
problems may arise, or the existing situation may be improved.
The outcome is in the hands of the town and county citizens.
Changes will not be the best, or even good, unless the citizens
become involved in the local decisions that will shape their
future.
EXISTING
CHOWAN COUNTY
O U N T Y NORTH CAROLINA
G
SCALE
5 2 3 MILES
0
AbPPa �- MILE
P 1 SCALE FOR ENLARGEMENTS
G �i >
o /� N
J2 36*20' �-
ISo1
iid
?] 122
Doe O V
/ •' 3] �.
e a �� V
HER T F O R D \ t % to
1 ) Ryland
COUNTY
1 1305 $I10W
�lc far n
I o I al
n�3 I30e
L9
r u"v n 1 303
exec S W / ,'� na
��d
---I--- EXISTING LAND USE MAP
z
Brid
12
I
�1311 S n
3
1219 Illl 1 1
Legend
Residential
-
1a2z I cos Dads
Ill7 i leaCommercial
_ .Tyner
' m 1 0 Industrial
220 41
, I
°1221 a Transportation Commanicotion: a Utilities
L'�� 0 Government, institutional
I 1222 / I f 11�
121e
'�° r!r � C ng ` `s ♦ Cultural, Entertainment b recreation
O R«kylpc
W y�
I londinp 1 • — � I - i^ A rlculture
k
U '
121� 121 ! 1273 Fa M°vaton I �y .. ,
While
5 6. Mara I -� Forestlan
36°10' I Lending — 2
2 �� feek I \\�`,� G• _
is -' R«kyh«k Ck 36'10' Water
'f Ixla 1' 3URNE 1=
Wetland
-'P'e -I- -- - \� - '`" - - I__EdentonNiE________-I------------- --- -----
�ber _ I_
I
I Inz.Y;Macedonia F - 1 �pFRQ
u, I • I 200 _ 1 e `' T1f.! DJ�� I , FAP '\
P"
j 1 � \\ f ' I` a� 11 t•;.•�, £ft-!'Y t e• 36°os' t
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r E
I y Pv � ppr r ..,.h/ • t-=may__ ar€' �'•r�< eta n,�„'.il �ry�,r' '1'+
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W s 7.1 � I�. e—
17
w �
a ` w
1130 ;i.1
I to \ � ReeCY Poirt 1 1\. 1^` ; ..,. 32 1;. � �"' ��• //
\� Edenton Municipal Airport 9 i
1I11 ` Blaff Point
A ilxe
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Ji.W �1113
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0
-r ------ ---- ---� - ___---- - ------ E t ?I-8:- Hertford S.
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Legend
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PP \\
industrial
H'ansportation,Communications EkUtilities
Government,
''o n �
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BCALE IN FEET
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EDENTON SAY
v`�-_ ----- I
THE TOWN OF EDENTON,NORTH CAROLINA
xs BASE MAP
&/."
THE PREPARATION III'A"IS MAPBY THEMIM(INOF COMMUNITY AlBI311�ISE,DEPARTMENTOF NATURAL°A)04r NOMIt RE90URCE� /. lI �5•
. ♦��Lt1 •^oa..
-
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(EU2ABETH CITY BRANCH OFFICE) WAS FINANC ED IN PART THgOUGH ANU B4 N PLANNING GRANT FROM THEDEPARTMENTOF HOUSING
•aZIII9;UR BAN DEVELOPMENT, UNDER THE PROVISION OFSECTtWIT010F THE HOUSING A�f�OV1�54, AS AMENDED. ,qa a• yI{i
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Major Land Use Issues
Many people have expressed concern about the impacts of
growth on the coastal area of North Carolina. One of the goals of
the Coastal Area Mangement Act is:
To insure that the development or preservation of the
land and water resources of the coastal area proceeds in a
manner consistent with the capability of the land and
water for development, use or preservation.. .
In other words, development or use should take place only to
the extent that the land is capable of supporting it. This idea
implies that there is a limit beyond which any development
would be extremely expensive, damaging, or impossible.
Unfortunately, these limits are hard to define. The scientific
knowledge is not complete. Also, changes in technology,
economics or values held by the residents can change limits to
development.
When considering the capacity for growth, one problem is
determining what rate of future growth is most likely, and what
rate of growth is most desirable. Federal population projections
predict a very modest growth rate for the county-1,000-2,000
people in 25 years. Edenton officials think that this is an
underestimate, that the town itself will grow 1000-1500 people
every decade. County officials have declined to speculate on
actual numbers, but have stressed their commitment to orderly
development. Assuming a small increase outside of the town and
moderate increases in Edenton, the growth rate would be
approximately:
1970 1980 1985 1990 2000 2025
10,764 11,800 12,400 13,000 14,000 16,500
These estimates are only guesses that may not be accurate; how-
ever, a moderate rate of growth seems to be in agreement with
what many of the town and county residents want.
In many areas of the country, particularly in coastal areas,
rapid residential growth has resulted in drastic environmental
degradation and severe strains on community facilities and
services. There are several reasons why this appears unlikely to
happen in Chowan County and Edenton. As mentioned above,
greatly accelerated rates of population growth appear doubtful.
Also, there are characteristics of the town's and county's
environment, facilities, and policies that provide the capacity for
well planned growth.
One of the major controversies about the capability of land in
coastal North Carolina centers on the issue of septic tanks. The
fact that septic tanks do not function properly in many coastal
soils has caused considerable arguments. The current rules and
regulations of the state Division of Health Services have been
criticized by certain officials and scientists as being too lenient;
while homebuilders and lot owners have complained that the
regulations are too stringent. However, no matter whose
standards are used, much of the area in Chowan County has soil
suitable for septic tanks, making the county different from other
counties in the coastal area. Also, the majority of residential
development has taken place in the vicinity of Edenton, in areas
that are, or may soon be serviced by sewer facilities.
Although there are arguments about the limitations of
different soils, few argue that the limit for surface water
pollution has been reached and, in fact, has been exceeded at
certain times in the recent past. Here the problem is determining
the cause of pollution. Runoff of chemicals and manure from
farms has been blamed, along with septic tank pollution and
industrial discharges. Data as to how much each source is
contributing, if any, is lacking. A recent case of algal blooms and
water degradation was solved when an agricultural chemical
firm in Hertford County was forced to shut down. The fact that a
source outside of the county was responsible points out the
limited ability of the county and town to control pollution of the
sound and river. Nevertheless, the concern expressed by
Chowan County residents was important in action now being
taken. Future development will not necessarily further degrade
the surface waters; the Federal, state, and local governments are
all working to insure that this does not happen.
Determining the impact of future growth on community
facilities is as difficult as considering the effect on the natural
resources. Nevertheless, Chowan County and Edenton are again
in a much more favorable position than many coastal commu-
nities. Large population fluctuations due to seasonal residents is
not currently a problem, nor is it likely to become one. The
growth that the town and county have experienced recently is
the result of well -planned efforts to expand the economic base
of the community, not the results of resort residential
development. Growth that is the result of planned economic
expansion provides revenues as well as costs, and is an important
objective in an area of widespread poverty and limited job
opportunities.
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ayi jo apew osle aJe sasAleuV •luawdolanap aJnln j uo aney Aayl
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uopaas Jayiouv •paddew aJe luawdolanap aJninj Joj algel!ns
Alunoa pup uMo1 ayi ui spaJv •ainlnj ayl Joj saA!laafgo seas pue
'suoilelnSaJ pup saiailod luawdolanap puel luaJJna sazuewwns
Uoiiaas auO -sited Jofew IeJanas jo sislsuoa ueld asn puel ayi
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•euilo.IeD
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aleipawwl up myspuy ajojaaayi Algwassd lejauaD ayi
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NOII:)nGOII1Nl
The town is in an excellent position to provide for future de-
velopment. The subdivision regulations require the developer
to pay much of the costs; the zoning ordinance guides the
location of development. The town's water system has excess
capacity; its sewer system is currently being upgraded and
expanded. An important element in the town's strong financial
capability is the fact that it owns and operates a revenue -
producing electric -utility system. Overall, besides being able to
pay for growth, the town may make money from increased
development.
The county does not have the advantage of a revenue
producing utility, but it does seem to be in sound financial shape
and capable of providing a variety of services. Its main expendi-
tures are on schools and social services. Future population
growth could affect these services depending on the charac-
teristics of in -migrating households. However, currently, the
county is more concerned with the problem of a declining
school population. it should be noted that Chowan County has
had one of the most rapidly expanding tax bases, and also one of
the lowest tax rates in the region.
In summary, provided they keep their commitment to orderly
development, both the county and town have the capability for
future growth.
Although the Coastal Area Management Act requires con-
sideration of resource capabilities, most town and county
citizens do not concern themselves with broad, hard -to -define
questions about the limits to growth; but they do have specific
concerns that are equally important.
Outside of the Edenton city limits, county citizens have
expressed concern about developments that may conflict. The
Cape Colony section southeast of Edenton is being developed
for industrial and residential use. Residents want to insure that
future industrial development does not interfere with the
residential areas. Also, farmers have expressed concern about
the non -farm residential growth in the county; they are worried
about possible rising taxes for frontage, and conflicts between
farming and residential activities.
Conflicts between land uses are not the only development
issues that concern county residents. Several subdivisions were
made before proper subdivision regulations were in effect.
Currently these areas have many problems —street mainte-
nance, right-of-way and easement difficulties, lots unsuitable for
development, and building code violations. Poverty is probably
the primary cause of the widespread substandard housing, but
unplanned development and the lack of code enforcement are
contributing factors.
Within the city limits of Edenton many of the land use issues
are similar to the issues out in the county. Conflicts between
residential, commercial, and industrial land uses are a concern to
those affected. Substandard housing and code violations are
prevalent problems in certain areas. Storm water drainage is a
problem both in the county and town, but the adverse effects
are more pronounced in town because of its higher density.
Preservation of the town's many fine historic buildings has been
a concern for some time and, in fact, is an issue that has been
dealt with successfully.
CURRENT PLANS AND POLICIES
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Edenton and Chowan County have already adopted certain
measures that guide new growth in the county and the town.
Edenton has adopted an extraterritorial limit that in some areas
extends one mile from the city limits; the town now has
jurisdiction over all development within that area.
Edenton prepared a Land Development Plan in 1968, and on
the basis of this plan instituted zoning. The town also enforces
subdivision regulations and the North Carolina Bulding Code. In
its zoning and subdivision regulations the town has made special
provisions for historic districts, mobile homes, and waterfront
development. The town has also conducted housing studies and
public improvements programs.
Chowan County has had subdivision regulations in effect
since 1971 and recently updated them. The county has also
prepared a sketch development plan.
Other agencies have jurisdiction in Chowan County. The
health department controls residential location through its
septic tank permit authority. The State Division of Marine
Fisheries has jurisdiction over certain waterfront developments.
The State Environmental Management Commission controls
point discharges, septic tanks over 3,000 gallons, and supervises
sedimentation control. The State Department of Transportation
has approval authority over all public roads including subdivi-
sion streets.
At the Federal level, the Army Corps of Engineers has permit
approval over dredge -and -fill projects, and certain shoreline
developments. Environmental impact statements are required
for many projects involving federal funds. The Federal Insurance
Administration requires local government control over flood -
plain developments that involve Federal funds. The Soil Conser-
vation Service has been involved in local water management,
erosion control, and drainage projects. Housing, especially for
low and moderate income families, has been subsidized through
programs of the Farmers Home Administration and the
Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Although many programs and agencies have been mentioned
above, there are still others that have direct and indirect impacts
on the land use in the town and county.
LAND USE OBJECTIVES
In preparing the land use plan as required for the Coastal Area
Management Act, the county and town planning boards with
their citizen advisory groups held public meetings and
distributed a questionnaire throughout the county and town.
Many of the previously mentioned land use issues were brought
out. As a result of this information and their own experience, the
planning boards and citizen advisory groups set the following
objectives that were approved by the town council and the
county commissioners.
Chowan County
1. Obtain a detailed soils map of the county to use as a basis for
planning.
2. Develop a county -wide drainage plan.
3. Protect shorelines and waterfront of the county from poor
development and increased erosion.
4. Improve the quality of the Chowan River.
5. Obtain a waterfront recreation site.
6. Plan for and obtain the needed facility sites.
7. Protect agricultural land.
8. Develop and protect the local fishing industry.
9. Attract sound and small industry with increased attention to
proper industrial siting.
10. Develop tourist potential.
11. Improve code enforcement in the county.
12. Improve the existing subdivisions in the county.
13. Plan county and town development together through coor-
dirrated planning and ordinances.
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Edenton
1. Plan economic growth through industrial, fishing and agri-
cultural sectors.
2. Concentrate industry around existing industrial zones.
3. Harmonize industry with existing life patterns.
4. Protect the environment (water, air and land) especially
from poor industrial development.
5. Promote tourism; provide better information and facilities
to tourists.
6. Improve historic preservation.
7. Improve shopping facilities.
8. Provide waterfront recreation.
9. Provide more and better recreation for the young people of
the town and county.
10. Provide better drainage in the town.
11. Improve the appearance of the town and county.
12. Improve code enforcement in the town.
13. Plan town and county development together.
ACHIEVING THE OBJECTIVES: IMPLEMENTATION
Without the necessary steps to reach the objectives, the state-
ments are of little value. In the short time since the county and
town adopted these objectives, both governments have moved
toward achieving them.
The county planning board is studying the costs involved in a
detailed soils survey and drainage management study. The
county is completing a county -wide water system. The county is
also working on the site preparation and construction of a new
courthouse. Depending on decisions about class size and the
curriculum to be taught, new school facilities may be needed
within the next ten years. Application will soon be made to the
Federal flood insurance program, and as a result certain adverse
shoreline developments will be controlled. If the necessary
arrangements can be made, the county will start a building
inspection program. County zoning and mobile home ordi-
nances are being considered as possible guides for future
development. The concerned observation and reporting of
county citizens have been important in maintaining local
environmental quality, and most likely this concern will
continue.
The town has been equally active in undertaking programs
that would achieve these objectives. The town has already
completed a downtown project that improves the commercial
a. ea and makes it attractive to visitors. A convention center for
conferences is a development that town officials are working
hard to bring about. Landscaping and building renovation
studies may be prepared for suggestions to further improve the
town's appearance. The potential of the town's industrial sites
has recently been studied with recommendations made for
future industrial development. Building codes are being strictly
enforced, and substandard vacant housing is being upgraded or
removed. The town has completed a waterfront park and is
studying ways to expand its recently established recreation
department. If funds are available, the town will have an
engineering study prepared for solutions to its drainage
problems. Once mapping is completed, floodplain develop-
ment will be controlled. The town has continued to promote
industrial and commercial growth that meet criteria for
favorable development.
Both the town and county recognize that cooperation is
essential and to date have worked together in many areas such as
fire protection, water supply, recreation and law enforcement.
Certain objectives may be reached fairly soon; others are long
range goals. Planning for the town and county is a never ending
activity; more important than any ordinance, study, or program
is the continued interest of the town and county citizens.
Protection of fragile areas
Another method of achieving the land use objectives is the
protection of valuable or fragile areas. The Coastal Area
Management Act requires that this be done. The Coastal
Resources Commission, the administrators of the act, have
prepared a list of the areas that should be considered in coastal
North Carolina.
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Not all of these areas are found in Chowan County and
Edenton. However a preliminary identification of the areas in the
town and county that might be designated as Areas of
Environmental Concern has been made. These areas are broadly
detined below. The appropriate land uses for these areas, as
determined by the Coastal Resources Commission, are also
briefly described.
COASTAL WETLANDS —are marshlands that have vege-
tation that make them highly valuable for wildlife and
fish populations. Conservation of these areas is impor-
tant; some appropriate land uses are properly designed
ports, docks and marinas that do not have a possible
alternative location.
ESTUARINE WATERS —are those waters that have been
defined as commercial waters by the State Division of
Marine Fisheries. The development of navigational
channels, the use of bulkheads to prevent erosion, and
the building of piers or wharfs where no feasible
alternative exists are examples of land uses appropriate
within estuarine waters, provided that such land uses
will not be detrimental to the waters and the use of the
water.
COMPLEX NATURAL AREAS —are areas undisturbed by
man that are important for wildlife and vegetation.
Appropriate land uses depend greatly on the individual
area, but any development that destroys the natural
character of the area would destroy the value of the area.
REMNANT SPECIES AREAS —are natural areas that are
habitat for species of plants and animals that are rare or
endangered. Alterations of the environment that would
threaten a species close to extinction would not be
allowed. The habitat conditions should be preserved.
AREAS CONTAINING UNIQUE GEOLOGIC FORMA-
TIONS —have surface features or earth resources that
are highly unusual. Appropriate uses would depend on
the characteristics of the site such as the extent of the
formation and the materials contained.
HISTORIC PLACES —are National Historic Landmarks or
publicly owned, assisted or maintained sites that have
been listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
AREAS SUBJECT TO PUBLIC RIGHTS —are basically
navigable waters but the definition isquite complicated.
Any land use which interferes with the public right of
navigation or other public trust right shall not be
allowed. The development of navigational channels,
drainage ditches, the use of bulkheads to prevent
erosion, and the building of piers and wharfs are
examples of land uses appropriate within public trust
waters provided such development is not detrimental to
the waters or use of the waters.
ESTUARINE, SOUND AND RIVER ERODIBLE AREAS —
are shorelines that are subject to erosion. Permanent or
substantial residential, commercial, estuarine, sound
and river erodible areas unless stabilization has been
achieved along the affected reach. Recreational, rural
and conservation activities represent appropriate land
uses in those erodible areas where shoreline protective
consideration has not been completed.
More precise definitions and appropriate land uses are in the
complete Edenton-Chowan County Land use Plan. It must be
clearly understood that the areas mentioned above may be
designated as Areas of Environmental Concern. Before the areas
are finally designated, legal definitions and boundaries will be
established and public hearings will be held. Final decisions will
be made by the Coastal Resources Commission.
Land Classification Map
As a further development guide, and in keeping with the
requirements of the Coastal Area Management Act, land
classification maps that summarize existing land use and suggest
areas where future growth should occur have been drawn up.
The town council and planning board have prepared the map for
the area of its jurisdiction, up to the extraterritorial limits of
Edenton. The county commissioners and planning board, having
jurisdiction over the rest of the county, have prepared the
county map. Major development affecting both areas will be
coordinated.
(Continued on other side)

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The classification maps were based on previous maps that the
town and county prepared suggesting commercial, industrial,
residential, agricultural and conservation areas.' However these
classification maps deal with future development densities. The
classification used is as follows:
a. DEVELOPED —lands where existing population density is
moderate to high, and where there are a variety of land
uses which have the necessary public services. The land in
this category is completely within the corporate limits of
Edenton.
b. TRANSITION —Lands where local government plans to
accommodate moderate to high density development
during the following ten year period, and where necessary,
public services will be provided to accommodate that
growth. Transition lands have been designated adjacent to
the corporate limits of Edenton where, in keeping with the
town's utility extension policies, services could be pro-
vided to accommodate that growth. Transition lands have
been designated adjacent to the corporate limits of
Edenton where, in keeping with the town's utility
extension policies, services could be provided if the need
arises. The county has not designated any transition
because, at this time, it does not plan to provide sewer to
county residents. If a suitable arrangement can be made,
areas of the county adjacent to Edenton and in the Cape
Colony section may receive sewer during the Edenton 201
wastewater services construction program.
C. COMMUNITY —Lands where low density development
is grouped in existing settlements or will occur in such
settlements during the following ten year period and
which will not require extensive public services now or
in the future. This category is not applicable to Eden-
ton; within Chowan County there are several such
communities ---Valhalla, Tyner, Cape Colony and others
shown on the map.
d. RURAL —Lands whose highesr use is for agriculture,
forestry, mining, water supply, etc. based on their natural
resources potential. The majority of land in Chowan
County falls into this category. Certain areas within
Edenton's extraterritorial limits not likely to develop also
have been categorized as rural.
e. CONSERVATION —Fragile, hazard or other lands neces-
sary to maintain a healthy natural environment and
necessary to provide for the public health, safety and
welfare. The areas within Chowan County that are
considered sensitive to development are certain shoreline
areas and the millponds in the northern part of the county.
Within the extraterritorial limits of Edenton, the conserva-
tion lands are the wooded swamp areas southwest of town.
Future residential, industrial and commercial development
should be concentrated in transition and community areas. The
combinedgrowth f h o the town and county f h ou ty or the next ten years
probably ha
s an upper limit f 1 p y pp o 500 people, or approximately 430
households.
.The county has allocated approximately 11,000 acres of
community land. The allocation of future growth cannot be
done precisely on a one household to one parcel basis. The
county's allocation of community land basically delineates
existing rural communities and suggests that further growth
should take place in these areas, since none are fully developed.
If development is limited to these areas, the standards set in the
sketch development plan would be furthered. However,
whether growth in the county does in fact take place in
community areas depends to a large extent on the land use
controls the county decides to implement. The final decisions
have not been made to date.
The town has allocated 900 acres of transition land. The
preliminary 201 wastewater planning report indicates that the
transition lands that are not already sewered will be. Like the
county, the population growth expected cannot be allocated
exactly on a household to acre basis, but in considering the land
development plan of the town, the transition area along 17 •
North will probably be developed for industrial purposes, with
commercial and residential growth occurring in the other
transition areas. This would meet the objectives of concentrating
industry around existing industrial zones, and would harmonize
industry with the rest of the community.
Land Development Plan, Edenton, North Carolina (1968)
Sketch Development Plan, Chowan County (1973)
THE TOWN OF EDENTON,NORTH CAROLINA
BASE MAP
Concluding Remarks
The planning that is being done for the Coastal Area
Management Act is quite important for the future of the county
and town. Citizens are urged to consult the complete plan at the
county courthouse and town municipal building for detailed
information on land use policy; and for information on natural
resources, population, economy, existing land use and com-
munity facilities.
While the plan discusses current problems and possible
solutions, and estimates future developments; the report will
not be useful unless it is revised and updated as new situations
arise and new information becomes available. The Coastal Area
Management Act requires that the plan be updated at least every
five years. The planning boards will need to continue working on
guiding development in the town and county, and supervise
necessary plan revisions.
Chowan County and Edenton have been fortunate in not
having the land development problems that many other areas of
the state and nation do have. Nevertheless, the town and county
have problems that need work. In the near future more
problems may arise, or the existing situation may be improved.
The outcome is in the hands of the town and county citizens.
Changes will not be the best, or even good, unless the citizens
become involved in the local decisions that will shape their
future.
CHOWAN COUNTY
O U N T Y NORTH CAROLINA
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@io,r 'f` fli,s� `r" lira as}� id F/s.6JIt THE TOWN OFEDENTON,NORTH CAROLINA
(( j BASE MAP
THE PREPARATION OFCTIHS MAP BY THii 9410NOPCOMMUNITY ASSISitE,DEPARTMENTOFNATURAL4A"PONOMIC RESOURCE$r¢r
(ELIZABETM CITY BRAIICROFFICE)WAS FINA-EDINPANT TH O... ANUBANPLANNING.RANTFROMTHEDEPARTMENTOF HOUSING
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Major Land Use Issues
Many people have expressed concern about the impacts of
growth on the coastal area of North Carolina. One of the goals of
the Coastal Area Mangement Act is:
To insure that the development or preservation of the
land and water resources of the coastal area proceeds in a
manner consistent with the capability of the land and
water for development, use or preservation...
In other words, development or use should take place only to
the extent that the land is capable of supporting it. This idea
implies that there is a limit beyond which any development
would be extremely expensive, damaging, or impossible.
Unfortunately, these limits are hard to define. The scientific
knowledge is not complete. Also, changes in technology,
economics or values held by the residents can change limits to
development.
When considering the capacity for growth, one problem is
determining what rate of future growth is most likely, and what
rate of growth is most desirable. Federal population projections
predict a very modest growth rate for the county-1,000-2,000
people in 25 years. Edenton officials think that this is an
underestimate, that the town itself will grow 1000-1500 people
every decade. County officials have declined to speculate on
actual numbers, but have stressed their commitment to orderly
development. Assuming a small increase outside of the town and
moderate increases in Edenton, the growth rate would be
approximately:
1970 1980 1985 1990 2000 2025
10,764 11,800 12,400 13,000 14,000 16,500
These estimates are only guesses that may not be accurate; how-
ever, a moderate rate of growth seems to be in agreement with
what many of the town and county residents want.
In many areas of the country, particularly in coastal areas,
rapid residential growth has resulted in drastic environmental
degradation and severe strains on community facilities and
services. There are several reasons why this appears unlikely to
happen in Chowan County and Edenton. As mentioned above,
greatly accelerated rates of population growth appear doubtful.
Also, there are characteristics of the town's and county's
environment, facilities, and policies that provide the capacity for
well planned growth.
One of the major controversies about the capability of land in
coastal North Carolina centers on the issue of septic tanks. The
fact that septic tanks do not function properly in many coastal
soils has caused considerable arguments. The current rules and
regulations of the state Division of Health Services have been
criticized by certain officials and scientists as being too lenient;
while homebuilders and lot owners have complained that the
regulations are too stringent. However, no matter whose
standards are used, much of the area in Chowan County has soil
suitable for septic tanks, making the county different from other
counties in the coastal area. Also, the majority of residential
development has taken place in the vicinity of Edenton, in areas
that are, or may soon be serviced by sewer facilities.
Although there are arguments about the limitations of
different soils, few argue that the limit for surface water
pollution has been reached and, in fact, has been exceeded at
certain times in the recent past. Here the problem is determining
the cause of pollution. Runoff of chemicals and manure from
farms has been blamed, along with septic tank pollution and
industrial discharges. Data as to how much each source is
contributing, if any, is lacking. A recent case of algal blooms and
water degradation was solved when an agricultural chemical
firm in Hertford County was forced to shut down. The fact that a
source outside of the county was responsible points out the
limited ability of the county and town to control pollution of the
sound and river. Nevertheless, the concern expressed by
Chowan County residents was important in action now being
taken. Future development will not necessarily further degrade
the surface waters; the Federal, state, and local governments are
all working to insure that this does not happen.
Determining the impact of future growth on community
facilities is as difficult as considering the effect on the natural
resources. Nevertheless, Chowan County and Edenton are again
in a much more favorable position than many coastal commu-
nities. Large population fluctuations due to seasonal residents is
not currently a problem, nor is it likely to become one. The
growth that the town and county have experienced recently is
the result of well -planned efforts to expand the economic base
of the community, not the results of resort residential
development. Growth that is the result of planned economic
expansion provides revenues as well as costs, and is an important
objective in an area of widespread poverty and limited job
opportunities.
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pue uoluap3 ay 'pajaplsuoa saldol Auew aql jo asneaa8
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uoluap3 aauls'oslV •uMoi pue Aiunoa ay ul aldoad Aq papinoid
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ay jo apew osle ale sasAleuV •luawdolanap ainin j uo aney Aayl
leyl laajja aql pue Aiunoa aql jo saajnosai leinleu ay saulwexa
uollaas jaylouV •paddew ale luawdolanap ainlnj joj algellns
Alunoa pue uMoi ay ul seaiv •ainln j aql joj sanllaafgo slas pue
'suoiwinSai pup salallod luawdolanap puel lumina sazlaewwns
uolpas auO -shed jofew IeJanas jo slslsuoa ueld asn puel aql
Uollpisisal
ay jo suolslnoid aql jalslulwpe of palm= dnoiS e'uoissiwwOD
saainosaN lelseoD aql Ol sueld ilayl pwgns of ale sallunoa
lelseoa ay IIV -ueld asn puel umo sll aiedaid Alunoa lelseoa gaea
legl'ueld anlsuayaidwoa slgl joj slseq ay se'saalnbai Mel aq_L
•eulloieD
g1iON Jo eaae lelseoa aql jo mawageuew pup luaw
-dolanap AlJapJo 'uo►leAiasaid 'uo►laalojd aql joj ueld
aAlsuagaidwoa a gs.tlgelsa of s)s►xa paau Suissaid pue
aleipawwl ue legl spur aiojaaagl Algwassv leiauaD aql
:Mel
ay ul palels se alp asessed sll joj suoseai SuiAliapun aql lnq
'Aupw am Pe ay jo suolslnoid aq_L -Mel olul laV luawaseuelnl
eaJV IelseoD ay passed AlgwassV lejauaD aql `17L61. ul
NOI1DnUOblNl
The town is in an excellent position to provide for future de-
velopment. The subdivision regulations require the developer
to pay much of the costs; the zoning ordinance guides the
location of development. The town's water system has excess
capacity; its sewer system is currently being upgraded and
expanded. An important element in the town's strong financial
capability is the fact that it owns and operates a revenue -
producing electric -utility system. Overall, besides being able to
pay for growth, the town may make money from increased
development.
The county does not have the advantage of a revenue
producing utility, but it does seem to be in sound financial shape
and capable of providing a variety of services. Its main expendi-
tures are on schools and social services. Future population
growth could affect these services depending on the charac-
teristics of in -migrating households. However, currently, the
county is more concerned with the problem of a declining
school population. It should be noted that Chowan County has
had one of the most rapidly expanding tax bases, and also one of
the lowest tax rates in the region.
In summary, provided they keep their commitment to orderly
development, both the county and town have the capability for
future growth.
Although the Coastal Area Management Act requires con-
sideration of resource capabilities, most town and county
citizens do not concern themselves with broad, hard -to -define
questions about the limits to growth; but they do have specific
concerns that are equally important.
Outside of the Edenton city limits, county citizens have
expressed concern about developments that may conflict. The
Cape Colony section southeast of Edenton is being developed
for industrial and residential use. Residents want to insure that
future industrial development does not interfere with the
residential areas. Also, farmers have expressed concern about
the non -farm residential growth in the county; they are worried
about possible rising taxes for frontage, and conflicts between
farming and residential activities.
Conflicts between land uses are not the only development
issues that concern county residents. Several subdivisions were
made before proper subdivision regulations were in effect.
Currently these areas have many problems —street mainte-
nance, right-of-way and easement difficulties, lots unsuitable for
development, and building code violations. Poverty is probably
the primary cause of the widespread substandard housing, but
unplanned development and the lack of code enforcement are
contributing factors.
Within the city limits of Edenton many of the land use issues
are similar to the issues out in the county. Conflicts between
residential, commercial, and industrial land uses area concern to
those affected. Substandard housing and code violations are
prevalent problems in certain areas. Storm water drainage is a
problem both in the county and town, but the adverse effects
are more pronounced in town because of its higher density.
Preservation of the town's many fine historic buildings has been
a concern for some time and, in fact, is an issue that has been
dealt with successfully.
CURRENT PLANS AND POLICIES
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Edenton and Chowan County have already adopted certain
measures that guide new growth in the county and the town.
Edenton has adopted an extraterritorial limit that in some areas
extends one mile from the city limits; the town now has
jurisdiction over all development within that area.
Edenton prepared a Land Development Plan in 1968, and on
the basis of this plan instituted zoning. The town also enforces
subdivision regulations and the North Carolina Bulding Code. In
its zoning and subdivision regulations the town has made special
provisions for historic districts, mobile homes, and waterfront
development. The town has also conducted housing studies and
public improvements programs.
Chowan County has had subdivision regulations in effect
since 1971 and recently updated them. The county has also
prepared a sketch development plan.
Other agencies have jurisdiction in Chowan County. The
health department controls residential location through its
septic tank permit authority. The State Division of Marine
Fisheries has jurisdiction over certain waterfront developments.
The State Environmental Management Commission controls
point discharges, septic tanks over 3,000 gallons, and supervises
sedimentation control. The State Department of Transportation
has approval authority over all public roads including subdivi-
sion streets.
At the Federal level, the Army Corps of Engineers has permit
approval over dredge -and -fill projects, and certain shoreline
developments. Environmental impact statements are required
for many projects involving federal funds. The Federal Insurance
Administration requires local government control over flood -
plain developments that involve Federal funds. The Soil Conser-
vation Service has been involved in local water management,
erosion control, and drainage projects. Housing, especially for
low and moderate income families, has been subsidized through
programs of the Farmers Home Administration and the
Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Although many programs and agencies have been mentioned
above, there are still others that have direct and indirect impacts
on the land use in the town and county.
LAND USE OBJECTIVES
In preparing the land use plan as required for the Coastal Area
Management Act, the county and town planning boards with
their citizen advisory groups held public meetings and
distributed a questionnaire throughout the county and town.
Many of the previously mentioned land use issues were brought
out. Asa result of this information and their own experience, the
planning boards and citizen advisory groups set the following
objectives that were approved by the town council and the
county commissioners.
Chowan County
1. Obtain a detailed soils map of the county to use as a basis for
planning.
2. Develop a county -wide drainage plan.
3. Protect shorelines and waterfront of the county from poor
development and increased erosion.
4. Improve the quality of the Chowan River.
5. Obtain a waterfront recreation site.
6. Plan for and obtain the needed facility sites.
7. Protect agricultural land.
8. Develop and protect the local fishing industry.
9. Attract sound and small industry with increased attention to
proper industrial siting.
10. Develop tourist potential.
11. Improve code enforcement in the county.
12. Improve the existing subdivisions in the county.
13. Plan county and town development together through coor-
dinated planning and ordinances.
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Edenton
1. Plan economic growth through industrial, fishing and agri-
cultural sectors.
2. Concentrate industry around existing industrial zones.
3. Harmonize industry with existing life patterns.
4. Protect the environment (water, air and land) especially
from poor industrial development.
5. Promote tourism; provide better information and facilities
to tourists.
6. Improve historic preservation.
7. Improve shopping facilities.
8. Provide waterfront recreation.
9. Provide more and better recreation for the young people of
the town and county.
10. Provide better drainage in the town.
11. Improve the appearance of the town and county.
12. Improve code enforcement in the town.
13. Plan town and county development together.
ACHIEVING THE OBJECTIVES: IMPLEMENTATION
Without the necessary steps to reach the objectives, the state-
ments are of little value. In the short time since the county and
town adopted these objectives, both governments have moved
toward achieving them.
The county planning board is studying the costs involved in a
detailed soils survey and drainage management study. The
county is completing a county -wide water system. The county is
also working on the site preparation and construction of a new
courthouse. Depending on decisions about class size and the
curriculum to be taught, new school facilities may be needed
within the next ten years. Application will soon be made to the
Federal flood insurance program, and as a result certain adverse
shoreline developments will be controlled. If the necessary
arrangements can be made, the county will start a building
inspection program. County zoning and mobile home ordi-
nances are being considered as possible guides for future
development. The concerned observation and reporting of
county citizens have been important in maintaining local
environmental quality, and most likely this concern will
continue.
The town has been equally active in undertaking programs
that would achieve these objectives. The town has already
completed a downtown project that improves the commercial
a. ea and makes it attractive to visitors. A convention center for
conferences is a development that town officials are working
hard to bring about. Landscaping and building renovation
studies may be prepared for suggestions to further improve the
town's appearance. The potential of the town's industrial sites
has recently been studied with recommendations made for
future industrial development. Building codes are being strictly
enforced, and substandard vacant housing is being upgraded or
removed. The town has completed a waterfront park and is
studying ways to expand its recently established recreation
department. If funds are available, the town will have an
engineering study prepared for solutions to its drainage
problems. Once mapping is completed, floodplain develop-
ment will be controlled. The town has continued to promote
industrial and commercial growth that meet criteria for
favorable development.
Both the town and county recognize that cooperation is
essential and to date have worked together in many areas such as
fire protection, water supply, recreation and law enforcement.
Certain objectives may be reached fairly soon; others are long
range goals. Planning for the town and county is a never ending
activity; more important than any ordinance, study, or program
is the continued interest of the town and county citizens.
Protection of fragile areas
Another method of achieving the land use objectives is the
protection of valuable or fragile areas. The Coastal Area
Management Act requires that this be done. The Coastal
Resources Commission, the administrators of the act, have
prepared a list of the areas that should be considered in coastal
North Carolina.
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Not all of these areas are found in Chowan County and
Edenton. However a preliminary identification of the areas in the
town and county that might be designated as Areas of
Environmental Concern has been made. These areas are broadly
detined below. The appropriate land uses for these areas, as
determined by the Coastal Resources Commission, are also
briefly described.
COASTAL WETLANDS —are marshlands that have vege-
tation that make them highly valuable for wildlife and
fish populations. Conservation of these areas is impor-
tant; some appropriate land uses are properly designed
ports, docks and marinas that do not have a possible
alternative location.
ESTUARINE WATERS —are those waters that have been
defined as commercial waters by the State Division of
Marine Fisheries. The development of navigational
channels, the use of bulkheads to prevent erosion, and
the building of piers or wharfs where no feasible
alternative exists are examples of land uses appropriate
within estuarine waters, provided that such land uses
will not be detrimental to the waters and the use of the
water.
COMPLEX NATURAL AREAS —are areas undisturbed by
man that are important for wildlife and vegetation.
Appropriate land uses depend greatly on the individual
area, but any development that destroys the natural
character of the area would destroy the value of the area.
REMNANT SPECIES AREAS —are natural areas that are
habitat for species of plants and animals that are rare or
endangered. Alterations of the environment that would
threaten a species close to extinction would not be
allowed. The habitat conditions should be preserved.
AREAS CONTAINING UNIQUE GEOLOGIC FORMA-
TIONS —have surface features or earth resources that
are highly unusual. Appropriate uses would depend on
the characteristics of the site such as the extent of the
formation and the materials contained.
HISTORIC PLACES —are National Historic Landmarks or
publicly owned, assisted or maintained sites that have
been listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
AREAS SUBJECT TO PUBLIC RIGHTS —are basically
navigable waters but the definition is quite complicated.
Any land use which interferes with the public right of
navigation or other public trust right shall not be
allowed. The development of navigational channels,
drainage ditches, the use of bulkheads to prevent
erosion, and the building of piers and wharfs are
examples of land uses appropriate within public trust
waters provided such development is not detrimental to
the waters or use of the waters.
ESTUARINE, SOUND AND RIVER ERODIBLE AREAS —
are shorelines that are subject to erosion. Permanent or
substantial residential, commercial, estuarine, sound
and river erodible areas unless stabilization has been
achieved along the affected reach. Recreational, rural
and conservation activities represent appropriate land
uses in those erodible areas where shoreline protective
consideration has not been completed.
More precise definitions and appropriate land uses are in the
complete Edenton-Chowan County Land use Plan. It must be
clearly understood that the areas mentioned above may be
designated as Areas of Environmental Concern. Before the areas
are finally designated, legal definitions and boundaries will be
established and public hearings will be held. Final decisions will
be made by the Coastal Resources Commission.
Land Classification Map
As a further development guide, and in keeping with the
requirements of the Coastal Area Management Act, land
classification maps that summarize existing land use and suggest
areas where future growth should occur have been drawn up.
The town council and planning board have prepared the map for
the area of its jurisdiction, up to the extraterritorial limits of
Edenton. The county commissioners and planning board, having
jurisdiction over the rest of the county, have prepared the
county map. Major development affecting both areas will be
coordinated.
(Continued on other side)

Town of Chocowinity
FINAL ANNEXATION REPORT
September 1988
Approved by the Chocowinity Town Council October 4, 1988
Chocowinity Town Council
H.E. Cole
M.L. Dunbar
Arlene Jones
James Mobley, Jr.
Charles A. Williamson, Mayor
Juanita Baytala, Town Clerk
i4
Chocowinity Planning Board
William Albritton
J.L. Carrington
Tommy Elks
Louise Hill
Plum Mills
Planning assistance provided by:
Mid -East Commission
1 Harding Square
Washington, NC 27889
[phone]
Libby Anderson, Planner -in -Charge
Preparation financed in ipart by:
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A grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management
Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.

1
A
Town of Chocowinity ,
FINAL ANNEXATION REPORT
September 1988
CONTENTS PAGE
I. Introduction ............................................ 1
II. Location and Description ................................ 3
A. The Statutory Standards .............................. 5
B. Statement that Study Areas Meet
Statutory Standards .................................. 8
III. Statement of Public Service Extensions
A. Police Protection .................................... it
B. Fire Protection ...................................... 11
C. Street,Lights........................................ 13
D. Street Maintenance ................................... 14
E. Street Signs.. ..................................... 15
F. Refuse Collection .................................... 15
G. Water Service ........................................ 15
H. Sewer Service ........................................ 17
I. Summary ......... ...... o —o .....—o— ............... 17
IV. Financial Analysis
A. Study Area 1......................................... 20
B. Study Area 2......................................... 22
C. Study Area 3......................................... 24
D. Study Area 4......................................... 26
E. Summary .............................................. 28
Appendix A Chocowinity Annexation Plan
Appendix B Public Meeting Announcements
Appendix C Annexation by Petition:
Study Area 3
i

i
4
LIST OF TABLES AND MAPS
TABLES PAGE
1 Assessment Information; Study Area 1................. 7.1
2 Assessment Information; Study Area 2................. 7.3
3 Assessment Information; Study Area 3................. 7.3
4 Assessment Information; Study Area 4................. 7.3
5 Area Information ..................................... 7.4
6 Land Use by Lot Size; Study Area 1................... 7.4
7 Land Use by Lot Size; Study Area 2................... 7.5
8 Land Use by Lot Size; Study Area 3................... 7.5
9 Land Use by Lot Size; Study Area 4................... 7.5
MAPS
1
2
3
4
Phase I Study Areas .................................. 28.1
StudyArea 1......................................... 28.2
Study Area 3......................................... 28.3
Study Area 2 and 4................................... 28.4
ii

.
I. INTRODUCTION
Chocowinity has been the fastest growing community in
Beaufort County since 1970. As of July 1, 1986, the Town was
estimated to have approximately 800 residents, having grown over
40% since 1970. Growth is expected to continue and is likely
even to accelerate in Chocowinity and the surrounding area. The
Town is now in the process of obtaining funding for a public
sewage system. Poor soils, unsuitable for septic systems, have
been the major constraint to development in the Chocowinity area.
Construction of a wastewater treatment system will, in effect,
"open up" the area for development. According to the Town's
1987 Land Use Plan Update, Chocowinity will grow by over 60% in
the next ten years and by 1995 the Town is forecast as having a
population of 1,300 persons.
Much of the recent growth in the Chocowinity area has
occurred in areas just outside the Town limits. Water lines
have been extended outside of Town to service most areas of
concentrated development. Sewer service is scheduled for most
of the areas now supplied with public water. In the process of
updating the Town's land use plan, local planning officials
reviewed current and future land uses, examined public service
areas, and discussed growth projections. The result was a
recommendation that the Town study the feasibility of annexing
outlying areas of most concentrated development (see pg. 43.of
the Town's 1987 Land Use Plan Update).
1

1
2
In the Spring of 1988, the Town applied for and received a
grant from the Division of Coastal Management to assist in an
annexation study. The Chocowinity Planning Board was given the
responsibility of preparing the feasibility study. As a first
step in the planning process the Board proposed a comprehensive
annexation plan for the Town (see Appendix A). The plan identi-
fied areas the Town would consider annexing in the immediate
future (Phase I areas), and in the long range future (Phase II
areas). The Town Council reviewed and adopted the Annexation
Plan in February 1988, and at the same time adopted a Resolution
of Consideration, identifying the Plan's Phase I areas as those
areas under consideration for annexation. This report examines
the scope and cost of service responsibilities the Town would
assume should these areas be annexed, and estimates the addi-
tional revenues (property and sales taxes) that the Town would
receive that might offset service costs. This report is designed
to satisfy the requirements of G.S. 160A-35, preparation of an
annexation report. It should be noted that all Planning Board
meetings held as part of this planning program were advertised in
advance via radio and newspaper as being open to the public (see
Appendix B).
As the Town proceeds with the annexation process, it will
follow the procedures for annexation set out in the General
Statutes. All public hearings, including notice, to property

3
owners, will be conducted in accordance with State regulations.
Before any annexation becomes effective, the Town will contact
the U.S. Department of Justice as required by Public Law 89-110,
to ensure that the voting rights of all citizens are protected.

4
II. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION
This report examines four study areas (see Map 1). . Study
Area 1 is located at -the western edge of the Town along N.C. 33
and S.R. 1143. The area totals about 53 acres and contains the
Evergreen Estates subdivision, a Family Dollar Store, the Rufus
Smith Food King, as well as several dwellings along S.R. 1143.
Table 1, pg. 7.1, outlines the size, use, zoning, and ownership
of each property within this study area. It is estimated that
about 145 persons reside in this area (56 dwellings @ 2.6 persons
per dwelling (1980 U.S. Census estimate]).
Study Area 2 is on the south side of the community on S.R.
1178. This area is comprised solely of the property owned by
the Mid -East Housing Authority (Table 2, pg. 7.3). Study Area 2
contains the Barnes Court apartment complex, a 20-unit residen-
tial development for low and moderate income persons. According
to Housing Authority officials, as of May 1988, 74 persons were
residing in the 18 occupied units. In March 1988, the Housing
Authority contacted the Town and requested that the project be
annexed (see Appendix C). As the annexation of Study Area 2 is
now proceeding under the requirements set out in G.S. 160-31,
Annexation Upon Petition, the area does not have to meet the
Statutory Standards described in Section A following.
Study Area 3 is located at the north end of Chocowinity on
U.S. 17. This area totals approximately 46 acres and contains

5
the Tidewater Equipment Company, Cliff's Seafood II, the Go -Co.,
a Handy Mart, and Azalea Mobile Homes. There are no residential
dwellings included in this study area (Table 3, pg. 7.3).
Study Area 4 is a small area (1.4 acres) located on the
north side of Town just south of the railroad tracks. This area
is bounded on three sides by the existing Town limits. According
to the Beaufort County Assessor's Office, this area is comprised
of three lots, two being developed for residential purposes, the
third being vacant (Table 4, pg. 7.3).
A.. The Statutory Standards
The General Statutes of North Carolina set out the criteria
which areas being considered for annexation must meet. These
criteria vary depending on the size of the community considering
the annexation. For annexation of Study Areas 1, 3, and 4,
Chocowinity must follow the criteria or "Statutory Standards" set
out in Part 2, Article 4A, G.S. 160A-33 through 160A-42. There
are four standards:
1. The area must be contiguous. "Contiguous area" means any
area which either abuts directly on the municipal boundary or is
separated from the municipal boundary by a street or street
right-of-way, a creek or river, the right-of-way of a railroad or
other public service corporation, or lands owned by the municipa-
lity, another political subdivision, -or the State.

2
As shown on Map 1, all study areas are contiguous to the
existing Town limits.
2. At least one -eighth of the total boundary of the area must
coincide with the municipal boundary.
As shown in Table 5, pg. 7.4, three of the four study _areas
meet this standard (Note: one -eighth equals 12.5%). Study Area 2
does not, and in fact, as this area is currently delineated,
annexation of this area would be considered a satellite annexa-
tion under State statutes. However, in March 1988, the Mid -East
Housing Authority contacted the Town and requested that the
Barnes Court project be annexed. Thus, the Town is proceeding
with annexation of Study Area 2 under the policies outlined in
G.S. 160A-31, as amended. (See Appendix C for documentation of
procedures to date.) Note that Annexation by Petition does not
require compliance with the Statutory Standards outlined here.
3. No part of the area may be within another incorporated
municipality.
As shown on Map 1, no study area is located within another
incorporated municipality; all areas are located within the
unincorporated area of Beaufort County.
4. The area must be "developed for urban purposes," which
means any area so developed that:
a. At least sixty percent (60%) of the total number of
lots and tracts are used for residential, commercial,

7
industrial, institutional or governmental purposes, and
b: At least sixty percent (60%) of the total of residential
and undeveloped acreage consists of lots and tracts
five acres or less in size.
"Used for residential purposes" means any lot or tract five
acres or less in size on which is constructed a habitable
dwelling unit.
"Undeveloped acreage" means any acreage not used for any of
the purposes enumerated in (4)a. above.
As shown in Tables 1 through 4, all study areas are more than
60% developed under criteria 4.1. In Study Area 1, 66% of the
area has been developed for residential and commercial purposes.
Study Areas 2 and 3 are 100% developed and Area 4 is 73% devel-
oped.
Tables 6 through 9 (pgs. 7.4 and 7.5) show land use as a
function of lot size. In Study Area 1, 63% of all residential
and vacant land is in parcels less than 5 acres. In Study Areas
2 and 4, all lots under consideration are less than 5 acres. In
Study Area 3, all lots are commercial in nature so criteria 4.b.
is not applicable.

7.1
Table 1
ASSESSMENT INFORMATION: STUDY AREA 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Parcel Assesmt Acreage Use Zoning Value Owner
0 # (acres) ($)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
C9-45
5.39
Commercial
B-2
506,162
Rufus Smith
2
C9-25
1.99
Residential
R-2
62,065
Otha Smith
3
C9-24
0.80
Vacant
R-2
840
Otha Smith
4
C9-23
14.40
Vacant
R-1
17,360
Otha Smith
5 *
C9-31
1.15
Residential
R-2
12,210
Otha Smith
C9-28
0.40
Commercial
B-2
109,840
Rufus Smith
C9-29
0.40
Residential
B-2
9,860
Otha Smith
C9-30
0.35
Residential
R-2
20,330
Margaret Dixon
6
C9-1-1
0.30
Residential
R-2
31,800
Ron Bonner
7
C9-1-2
0.30
Residential
R-2
37,850
Jesse Keys
8
C9-1-3
0.30
Residential
R-2
33,600
Bernell Ward
9
C9-1-4
0.30
Residential
R-2
32,910
Verna Smmith
10
C9-1-5
0.30
Residential
R-2
33,190
Leroy Windley
11
C9-1-6
0.30
Residential
R-2
32,680
Paul Peele, Jr.
12
C9-1-7
0.30
Residential
R-2
32,630
James Keys
13
C9-1-8
0.30
Residential
R-2
34,880
Naomi Sutton
14
C9-1-9
0.30
Residential
R-2
33,850
Mary Taylor
15
C9-1-10
0.30
Residential
R-2
32,630
Seria King
16
C9-1-11
0.40
Residential
R-2
34,270
Ola Lilley
17
C9-1-12
0.30
Residential
R-2
33,360
Mary Rodman
18
C9-1-13
0.30
Residential
R-2
35,220
Melvin Bunch
19
C9-1-14
0.30
Residential
R-2
35,210
Violet Barrow
20
C9-1-15
0.40
Residential
R-2
34,110
Mary Griffin
21
C9-1-16
0.40
Residential
R-2
33,230
Cecil Smith
22
C9-1-17
0.40
Residential
R-2
33,330
Charlie Reddick
23
C9-1-18
0.40
Residential
R-2
34,580
Edward Smith
24
C9-1-19
0.40
Residential
R-2
33,710
Jerry Jones
25
C9-1-20
0.30
Residential
R-2
34,470
Thurmon Ward
26
C9-1-21
0.30
Residential
R-2
33,290
Steven Jones
27
C9-1-22
0.40
Residential
R-2
34,580
Michael Peele
28
C9-1-24
0.50
Residential
R-2
33,290
1Larry Moore
29
C9-1-25
0.40
Residential
R-2
33,290
Allen Whitley
30
C9-1-26
0.50
Residential
R-2
33,290
John Williams, Jr.
31
C9-1-27
0.50
Residential
R-2
44,860
Jalins Geiger
32
C9-1-28
0.40
Residential
R-2
32,880
Bernell Peele
33
C9-1-29
0.30
Residential
R-2
33,980
Arthur Benston
34
C9-1-30
0.30
Residential
R-2
33,760
Carolyn Credle
35
C9-1-31
0.30
Residential
R-2
33,290
Ed Frazier
36
C9-1-32
0.30
Residential
R-2
35,960
Jesse Whitfield
37
C9-1-33
0.30
Residential
R-2
33,960
Yusuf Abdullah
38'
C9-1-34
0.30
Residential
R-2
34,980
Ralph Brown
39
C9-1-35
0.30
Residential
R-2
33,690
Mathew Lane
40
C9-1-36
0.40
Residential
R-2
33,920
Samuel Chandall
41
C9-1-37
0.30
Residential
R-2
33,460
Willie Barrus
42
C9-1-38
0.30
Residential
R-2
49,140
Joes Spencer
43
C9-1-39
0.30
Residential
R-2
33,750
Julius Hardy

7.2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Parcel
Assesmt
Acreage
Use
Zoning
Value
Owner
0
#
(acres)
M
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
44
C9-1-40
0.30
Residential
R-2
33,460
Gracie Rodgers
45
C9-1-41
0.30
Residential
R-2
33,460
Leo Columbus
46
C9-1-42
1.20
Residential
R-2
33,920
Joseph Peele
47
C9-1-44
0.60
Residential
R-2
43,670
Yvonne Saleem
48
C9-1-45
0.40
Residential
R-2
33,460
Ernestine Pierce
49
C9-1-46.
0.30
Residential
R-2
46,150
Ben Reddick
50
C9-1-47
0.30
Residential
R-2
36,320
Betty Smith
51
C9-1-48
0.30
Residential
R-2
33,920
Brenda Sutton
52
C9-1-49
0.30
Residential
R-2
43,790
Lewis Albritton
53
C9-1-50
0.40
Residential
R-2
39,820
Bryant Coward
54
C9-1-51
0.30
•Residential
R-2
33,790
Ben Bond
55
C9-1-52
0.30
Residential
R-2
32,190
Belinda Bond
56
C9-1-53
0.30
Residential
R-2
34,150
Nick Lawrence
57
C9-1-54
0.50
Residential
R-2
33,920
David Harrell
58
C9-1-55
0.30
Residential
R-2
33,920
Clifton Smith
59
C9-1-56
0.50
Residential
R-2
33,460
Carlton Keys
60
C9-1-57
0.40
Residential
R-2
32,880
Nat Williams
61
C9-1-58
0.30
Residential
R-2
32,190
Ruth Coleman
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 45.18 2,696,017
Total Developed (1) 29.98
Percent Developed 66.4%
* Parcel 5 is comprised of 4 lots. Exact acreage of each lot is unknown. (No deed or map
is on file with Register of Deeds). Total area of Parcel 5 (that portion of lots to be
annexed) is 2.3 acres. Aerial photos and on -site investigation indicate that 100% of area
of Parcel 5 is developed.
(1) Developed = land developed for commercial, residential, or industrial purposes
Source: Beaufort County Tax Office

7.3
•
Table 2
ASSESSMENT INFORMATION: STUDY AREA 2
Parcel Assesmt Acreage Use Zoning Value Owner
0 It (acres) ($)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 C9-58 3.80 Residential R-1 n/a Mid -East Hsing Authority
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 3.80
Total Developed (1) 3.80
Percent Developed 100.0% -
n/a= not applicable
Table 3
ASSESSMENT INFORMATION: STUDY AREA 3
Parcel
Assesmt
Acreage
Use
Zoning
Value
Owner
#
#
(acres)
($)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
D8-9
8.00
Commercial
B-1
50,340
Dr. Simmons Patrick
2
D8-11
15.00
Commercial
B-1
46,563
Dr. Simmons Patrick
3
D8-12
2.75
Commercial
B-1
205,590
Tidewater Compy Inc.
D8-13
2.93
Commercial
B-1
14,064
Tidewater Compy Inc.
4
D8-14
11.84
Commercial
B-1
35,520
Tidewater Compy Inc. '
5
D8-31
3.40
Commercial
B-1
90,540
W.T. Greene Oil Co.
6
D8-32
1.32
Commercial
B-1
123,690
Baxter Richardson
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total
45.24
566,307
Total Developed (1)
45.24
Percent
Developed
100.0%
Table 4
ASSESSMENT INFORMATION: STUDY AREA 4
Parcel
Assesmt
Acreage
Use
Zoning
Value
#
#
(acres)
($)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
1
C9-20
0.5
Residential
R-1
6,060
C9-21
0.5
Vacant
R-1
600
C9-22
0.9
Residential
R-1
6,620
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Total
1.9
13,280
Total Developed (1)
1.4
Percent
Developed
73.7%
------- --------------
Owner
----------------------
Walter L. Moore
Walter L. Moore
Laura Dixon heirs
----------------------
(1) Developed = land developed for commercial, residential, or industrial purposes
Source for all data: Beaufort County Tax Office

7.4
Table 5
,
AREA INFORMATION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Study Area
Total Acreage
Total Perimeter Contiguous
Perimeter
Percent
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
(acres)
(linear feet) (linear
feet)
Contiguous
1
52.88
10,017
1,305
13.0%
2
4.90
1,696
0
0.0%
3
45.94
6,608
2,115
32.0%
4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.40
1,410
900
63.8%
Table 6
LAND USE BY LOT SIZE: STUDY AREA 1
Land Use
Total
Total
Total Lots
Total
Lots
Acreage
< 5 acres
Acreage lots
(acres)
< 5 acres
----------------------------------------------------------
Residential
60
24.19
60
24.19
Vacant
2
15.20
1
0.8
.........................:................................
Subtotal
62
39.39
61
24.99
Roads
-
7.70
-
-
Commercial
2
5.79
1
1.99
----------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL
64
52.88
62
26.98
Source: Mid -East Commission calculations
% Acreage
in lots
< 5 acres
100.0%
5.3%
63.4%
34.4%
-------------
51.0%

7.5
'Table 7
LAND USE BY LOT SIZE: STUDY AREA 2
----------------------------------------------
Land Use Total Total Total Lots
Lots Acreage < 5 acres
(acres)
----------------------------------------------
Residential 1 3.80 1
Vacant 0 - -
Comnercial 0 - - -
Roads - 1.10 -
---------------------------------------------
TOTAL 1 3.80 1
Table 8
LAND USE BY LOT SIZE: STUDY AREA 3
----------------------------------------------
Land Use Total Total Total Lots
Lots Acreage < 5 acres
(acres)
----------------------------------------------
Residential 0 - -
Commercial 7 45.24 4
Roads - 0.70 -
Vacant 0 - -
TOTAL 7 45.94 4
Table 9
LAND USE BY LOT SIZE: STUDY AREA 4
-------------------------
Total % Acreage
Acreage lots in lots
< 5 acres < 5 acres
-------------------------
3.80 100.0%
--------------------
3.80 100.0%
-------------------------
Total % Acreage
Acreage lots in lots
< 5 acres < 5 acres
-------------------------
10.40 23.0%
-------------------------
10.40 22.6%
Land Use
Total
Total
Total Lots
Total
% Acreage
Lots
Acreage
< 5 acres
Acreage lots
in lots
(acres)
< 5 acres
< 5 acres
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Residential
2
1.40
2
1.40
100.0%
Vacant
1
0.50
1
0.50
100.0%
.......................................................................
Subtotal
3
1.9
3
1.9
100.0%
Commercial
0
-
-
-
-
Roads
-
0.00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL
3
1.9
3
1.9
100.0%
Source for all data: Mid -East Commission calculations

V
8
B. Statement that Study Areas Meet the Statutory Standards
Study Areas 1, 3, and 4 are being considered for annexation
under the Statutory Standards outlined in Part 2, Article 4A,G.S.
160A-33 through G.S. 160A-42. The following three statements are
official statements by the Town that these study areas meet the
State Statutory Standards. Note that Study Area 3 is being
annexed according to G.S. 160A-31, Annexation Upon Petition.
1. Study Area 1
The area to be annexed meets the legislative standards of
Part 2, Article 4A, 160A-33 through 106A-42 as follows:
a. The area is adjacent and contiguous, as defined by G.S.
160A-41(l), as of the 9th day of June, 1988, the date upon
which this annexation proceeding was begun and as shown on
the map included herein marked Map 2.
b. The aggregate external boundary line of the area to be
annexed is 10,017 feet, of which 1,305 feet coincide with
the Town boundary, as shown on the map included herein
marked Map 2. Therefore, at least one -eighth of said
external boundary coincides with the Town boundary.
c. No part of the area to be annexed is included within the
boundary of another incorporated municipality (See Map 1).
d. The area to be annexed is developed for urban purposes in
that 66% of the total number of lots and tracts in said

Pi
area are used for residential and commercial purposes, and
63% of the total of residential and undeveloped acreage
consists of lots and tracts five acres or less in size, all
of which is demonstrated in Tables 1 and 6, respectively.
2. Study Area 3
The area to be annexed meets the legislative standards of
Part 2, Article 4A, G.S. 160A-33 through 160A-42 as follows:
a. The area is adjacent and contiguous, as defined by G.S.
160A-41(l), as of the 9th day of June, 1988, the date upon
which this annexation proceeding was begun, and as shown
on the map included herein marked Map 3.
b. The aggregate external boundary line of the area to be
annexed is 6,608 feet, of which 2,115 feet coincide with
the Town boundary, as shown on the map included herein
marked Map 3.
c. No part of the area to be annexed is included within the
boundary of another incorporated municipality (see Map 1).
d. The area to be annexed is developed for urban purposes in
that 100% of the total number of lots and tracts in said
area are used for commercial purposes as demonstrated in
Table 3. There is no vacant or residential land as demon-
strated in Tables 3 and 8.

10
3. Study Area 4
The area to be annexed meets the legislative standards of
Part 2, Article 4A, G.S. 106A-33 through 160A-42 as follows:
a. The area is adjacent and contiguous, as defined by G.S.
160A-41(1), as of the 9th day of June, 1988, the date
uponwhich this annexation proceeding was begun, and as
shown on the map included herein marked Map 4.
b. The aggregate external boundary line of the area'to be
annexed is 1,410 feet of which 900 feet coincide with the
Town boundary, as shown on the map included herein marked
Map 4. Therefore, at least one -eighth of said external
boundary coincides with the Town boundary.
c. No part of the area to be annexed is included within the
boundary of another incorporated municipality (see Map 1).
d. The area to be annexed is developed for urban purposes in
that 74% of the total number of lots and tracts in said
area are used for residential purposes, and 100% of the
total of residential and undeveloped acreage consists of
lots and tracts five acres or less in size, all of which
is demonstrated in Tables 4 and 9, respectively.

11
III. STATEMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE EXTENSIONS
Public services will be provided in the areas proposed to be
annexed upon the effective date of annexation in accordance with
the General Statutes.
A. Police Protection
The Town currently has one full-time policeman. Back-up
coverage is provided by the Beaufort County Sheriff's Department.
In accordance with the provisions of the General Statutes, upon
the effective date of any annexation, the Chocowinity Police
Department will provide police services on the same basis and in
the same manner as is currently provided within the Town limits.
Police patrols, emergency responses, investigations and all other
protective services in the annexed areas would be provided with
the same frequency and in the same fashion as now provided within
the Town limits.
B. Fire Protection
Fire protection within the Town of Chocowinity is provided by
the Chocowinity Volunteer Fire Department. The Department
maintains three stations. The Chocowinity Station, located in
the city limits on U.S. 17 just north of N.C. 33, provides fire

12
protection within the city limits. This station also serves all
areas under consideration for annexation.
Eighteen volunteers staff the Chocowinity Station. Equipment
at the in -Town station includes one tanker, two pumpers, and an
emergency vehicle.
The Town of Chocowinity presently has a fire insurance rating
of Grade 9AA (based on a scale of grades 5-10, Grade 5 being
that offering the highest protection). (Note that the Town has
requested that the Insurance Service Office of North Carolina
consider a recertification of the Town's insurance rating.)
Areas outside of the Town have an insurance rating of Grade 10.
Annexation of the Study Areas would improve their insurance
rating and reduce the fire insurance rates for study area
property owners. Property owners are likely to experience an
additional reduction in insurance rates upon installation of fire
hydrants. Installation of fire hydrants would begin no later
than one year after the effective date of any proposed annexa-
tion.
Although all Study Areas are currently served with public
water, hydrants are not readily accessible in either Study Area
1 or 2. Annexation of Study Area 1 would require the instal-
lation of 4 hydrants as shown on Map 2. Annexation of Study
Area 2 would require the installation of one hydrant (see Map 4).

13
Funding for operation of the Chocowinity Volunteer Fire
Department is provided in part from revenues from a special fire
service district levy and in part, from assistance from the
Town. Out-of-town property owners pay the County a fire tax of
$.03/$100 valuation. The County passes revenues through to the
Chocowinity Department. The Town provides the building for the
Chocowinity Station and pays for all utilities. The Town
assists with Department equipment purchases, generally on a 50-50
basis. In January 1987, the Town appropriated $60,000 from its
General Fund to the Department for purchase of a new tanker.
C. Street Lights
The Town provides street lighting within the Town limits
through Carolina Power and Light Company. The Town's policy on
street lights is generally to locate lights at street intersec-
tions except when blocks are unusually long. In this case,
street lights are located within blocks or as needed to provide
effective lighting. The Town pays an $8 per month fee for
street lights on existing poles and a slightly higher rate for
street lights when new poles are required.
Street lights will be necessary in Study Areas 1, 2, and 3.
Study Area 1 will require 9 street lights (see Map 2). Study
Area 2 will require 3 additional street lights as well as new
poles (see Map 5). Study Area 3 is likely to require 1 addi-
tional street light (see Map 4). Lights will be installed

14
within the Study Areas as soon as possible after the effective
date of any annexation, depending on Carolina Power and Light's
schedule and work load.
D. Street Maintenance
The Town of Chocowinity maintains all streets within the Town
limits that are not part of the State highway system. It is the
Town's policy to provide maintenance services including street
repair and resurfacing, patching, street grading, street clean-
ing, sidewalk repair, and maintenace of drainage curbs on a
continuing basis.
Study Areas 1 and 2 are located on State secondary roads.
Should the Town annex either of these areas, the Town will
assume maintenance responsibilities after contacting the State
Department of Transportation (DOT). Study Area 3 is located on
U.S. 17. Maintenance of this highway is the responsibility of
the State DOT. Study Area 4 is located on a narrow, private,
unpaved road. Should the Town annex this area, road improve-
ments would be necessary. Widening and paving of this unnamed
road would require the moving of one small frame dwelling. The
total cost of road improvements in Study Area 4 is estimated at
$25,000. It is anticipated that the Town would absorb all costs
of necessary road construction.

15
E. Street Signs
The Town provides street signs on all public roads within the
Town limits. Street signs would be needed in Study Area 1
should this are be annexed. Five street signs would be necessary
and would be installed as soon as possible after the effective
date of the annexation. Street signs and poles can be purchased
by the Town at the cost of $36 per unit.
F. Refuse Collection
The Town of Chocowinity currently provides refuse collection
to in -Town residents twice weekly, on Tuesdays and Fridays.
Yard rubbish is collected on the same schedule as normal trash
removal. The Town also provides seasonal leaf collection
service. The Town will remove trash totalling two 30-gallons
cans per dwelling. The Town does not provide dumpster service
for commercial, institutional, or industrial properties.. In
accordance with the provisions of the General Statutes, upon the
effective date of any annexation, the Town will accept responsi-
bility for refuse collection.
G. Water Service
The Town currently provides water service in all four of the
Study Areas (see Maps 2, 3, and 4). Water rates are the same
for in -Town and out -of -Town customers (a minimum fee of $5.50
per 3,000 gallons; additional charge for higher consumption

16
based on a sliding fee schedule). Out -of -Town customers pay
anextra flat fee of $2.00 per month for water service. One
exception to this policy is the Mid -East Authority's Barnes
Court project (Study Area 2). As part of the agreement between
the Town and the Housing Authority regarding water extension to
the project, the Town agreed to waive the $2.00 surcharge on the
Authority's monthly water bill. Annexation of Study Areas 1, 3,
and 4 would reduce monthly water bills for area residents by
$2.00 per month.
The water mains that now serve all four Study Areas are of
adequate size and in such a condition as to adequately service
demand in the Study Areas in the short-term future. The only
improvements that will be required as part of annexation pro-
cedures are in Study Area 1. Four fire hydrants would be needed
in Study Area 1. As shown on Map 2, one of the four hydrants
will require the installation of approximately 700' of 6' main.
A 35' road boring will be necessary as part of this project.
Cost estimates for water system improvements in Study Area 1 are
presented in Section IV. According to the provisions of the
General Statutes, upon annexation, installation of water system
improvements will begin as soon as possible. Installation will
begin no later than one year after the effective date of
annexation.

17
H. Sewer Service
The Town currently does not have a public wastewater treatment
system. All properties in Town are serviced with private
treatment systems. The Town is however, in the final stages of
securing funding for a public sewer system. All properties in
the Town limits now served with public water are scheduled for
sewer connection and the system has been designed to provide
service in all four of the Study Areas as well. Should annexa-
tion of any of the Study Areas become effective before construc-
tion of the system commences, Study Area residents would realize
a cost savings by being charged in -Town connection and operating
fees (note that at this time, connection rates and monthly
services fees have not been determined).
I. Summary
The Town will meet the provisions of the General Statutes of
North Carolina by providing all public services that are cur-
rently provided in the Town limits in the areas proposed for
annexation. These services will be provided .on substantially
the same basis and in the same manner as provided in the Town as
of the effective date of annexation. Police protection, refuse
collection, and street maintenance will be provided immediately.
Street lights and street signs will be provided as soon as
possible depending on the availability of materials and the
scheduling of utility crews. Water rates will be adjusted

18
immediately and fire taxes may be prorated depending on the
effective date of annexation. Construction of water system and
road improvements will begin as soon as possible, in no case
later than one year after the effective date of annexation.

.
19
IV. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Annexation of any of the four study areas will involve a
financial commitment by the Town. The Town will assume the
responsibility for providing public services in these areas.
Generally these costs will be on -going operating costs and will
not prove to be a financial hardship to the Town.. Local offic-
ials report that the Town can provide refuse, street maintenance,
and administrative services to residents of the Study Areas
without hiring additional personnel. No additional equipment
(police vehicles, sanitation trucks, etc.), is likely to be
necessary to service the areas proposed for annexation. Some
one-time capital costs will be involved in annexation, however.
Street lights and signs will be required in some areas. Water
system improvements and street paving required in some areas will
prove to be a substantial capital outlay.
The cost of annexation can be offset to some degree, by
additional property and sales tax revenues, Powell Bill funds,
and intangibles tax gained by annexation of any of the four Study
Areas. Revenue sources will vary from year to year; however,
projections can be made based on past revenue and expenditure
levels.

20
A. Study Area 1
Estimated Costs of Annexation
Additional Expense Funding
Service Cost ($) Category Source
Police
0
Fire
0
Street Lights
9 @$8/light/mo.
864
Street Maintenance
(1)
Street Signs
5 @$36/sign
180
Refuse Collection
0
Water Improvements
700' 6" main @$5.50/ft.
3,850
4 fire hydrants @$1,900/unit
7,600
35' 12" casing for road
boring @$55/ft.
1,925
13,375
operating General Fund
operating Powell Bill
capital General Fund
Water Revenue Loss operating -
64 connections @$2/bill/mo. 1,536
TOTAL $15,955 ($ 2,400 operating;
$13,375 capital)
(1) Street maintenance will be provided as necessary.
Additional Powell Bill monies should cover all costs
of maintenance activities.

21
Estimated Revenues from Annexation
Study Area 1
SOURCE REVENUE ($)
Property Tax
$2,696,017 valuation @$.24/$100 valuation 6,470
Powell Bill Funds
1.1 miles @$1,142/mi. _ $1,256
145 residents $16/capita = _2,320
$3,576 3,576
Beer and Wine Tax (1) 596
Utility Franchise (1) 6,381
Intangibles Tax (1) 473
Sales and Use (2) 10,000
ABC Tax (1) 342
TOTAL
TOTAL REVENUE - TOTAL COSTS =
(1) Revenue estimated by dividing Town's
1987 revenue by total 1986 population (786
persons) and multiplying by 145 (estimated
number of persons in study area).
(2) Estimated for Study Area by
N.C. Department of Revenue.
$27,838
$11, 883

22
B. Study Area 2
Estimated Costs of Annexation
Additional Expense Funding
Service Cost ($) Category Source
Police
0
Fire
0
Street Lights
4 @$11/light/mo.
528
(poles necessary)
Street Maintenance
(1)
Street Signs
0
Refuse Collection
0
Water Improvements
1 fire hydrant @$1,900/unit
1,900
Water Revenue Loss•
0
TOTAL
operating General Fund
operating Powell Bill
capital General Fund
operating -
$ 2,428 ($ 528 operating;
$1,900 capital)
(1) Street maintenance will be provided as necessary.
Additional Powell Bill monies should cover all costs
of maintenance activities.

23
Estimated Revenues from Annexation
Study Area 2
SOURCE REVENUE ($)
Property _Tax
Mid -East Regional Housing Authority 0
is a tax exempt organization
Powell Bill Funds
.375 miles @$1,142/mi. = $ 428
74 residents $16/capita = 1.184
$1,612 1,612
Beer and Wine Tax (1) 304
Utility Franchise (1) 3,256
Intangibles Tax (1) 241
Sales and Use (1) 4,802
ABC Tax (1) 175
TOTAL
TOTAL REVENUE - TOTAL COSTS =
(1) Revenue estimated by dividing Town's
1987 revenue by total 1986 population (786
persons) and multiplying by 145 (estimated
number of persons in study area).
(2) Estimated for Study Area by
N.C. Department of Revenue.
$20,390
$17,962

24
C. Study Area 3
Estimated Costs of Annexation
Additional Expense Funding
Service Cost ($) Category Source
Police
0 - -
Fire
0 - -
Street Lights
1 @$11/light/mo.
132 operating General Fund
(poles necessary)
Street Maintenance
0 - -
Street Signs
0 - -
Refuse Collection
0 - -
Water Improvements
0 - -
Water Revenue Loss
0 -
4 connections @$2/bill/mo.
96 operating
TOTAL
$ 228

• 25
Estimated Revenues from Annexation
Study Area 3
SOURCE REVENUE ($)
Property Tax
$566,307 valuation @$.42/$100 valuation $2,378
Powell Bill Funds 0
Beer and Wine Tax 0
Utility Franchise 0
Intangibles Tax 0
Sales and Use 0
ABC Tax 0
TOTAL
TOTAL REVENUE - TOTAL COSTS =
$ 2,378
$ 2,150

D. Study Area 4
Estimated Costs of Annexation
Service
Police
Fire
Street Lights
Street Maintenance
moving of one house and
paving of 600' of road
Street Signs
Refuse Collection
Water Improvements
Water Revenue Loss
2 connections @$2/bill/mo
TOTAL
26
Additional Expense Funding
Cost ($) Category Source
0 - -
0 - -
0 - -
25,000 capital General
Fund (2)
0 - -
0 - -
0 - -
48 operating -
$25,048 ($25,000 operating;
$ 48 capital)
(1) Street maintenance will be provided as necessary.
Powell Bill monies should cover all costs of
maintenance activities.
(2) The Town is considering applying for a Community
Development Block Grant (CDBG) for Community Revitalization.
Study Area 4 is likely to be included in the target area for
community improvements. Should the Town be successful in
obtaining a CDBG Grant, CDBG funding would be used to
finance street improvements in the Study Area.

• 27
Estimated Revenues from Annexation
Sturdy Area 4
SOURCE REVENUE ($)
Property Tax
$13,280 valuation @$.24/$100 valuation 32
Powell Bill Funds 0
Beer and Wine Tax (1) 20
Utility Franchise (1) 220
Intangibles Tax (1) 16
Sales and Use (1) 12
ABC Tax (1) 12
TOTAL
TOTAL REVENUE - TOTAL COSTS =
(1) Revenue estimated by dividing Town's
1987 revenue by total 1986 population (786
persons) and multiplying by 145 (estimated
number of persons in study area).
$ 636
- $24,412

28
E. Summary
The Town is fortunate that for the most part, annexation of
any of the four Study Areas will not require major capital
outlays. All Areas are now served with public water. In three
of the four Study Areas, the existing streets are currently up to
Town street standards. Given the cost estimates presented in
this section, it appears that in Study Areas 1, 2, and 3, the
revenues (tax and otherwise) gained from annexation will outweigh
the capital and on -going costs of providing services.
In Study Area 4, the costs of annexation will outweigh the
financial benefits to the Town unless necessary road improve-
ments can be paid for through a CDBG Grant.
The Town and citizens in the Study Areas will benefit from
the proposed annexations. The Town will gain financially from a
broadened tax base and will realize increased revenues from per
capita taxes such as Sales and Use taxes, ABC taxes, and Intan-
gibles taxes. An increased population and tax base will increase
the Town's borrowing power and is likely to make the Town more
competitive for various State and federal grant and loan pro-
grams. Study Area residents will benefit from the annexation
through lower water (and eventually sewer) rates, increased fire
protection and reduced fire insurance rates, street lighting, and
sanitation services.

Appendix A
CHOCOWINITY ANNEXATION PLAN

COMMISSION
Chocowinity Annexation Plan
January 1988
Chocowinity is growing. Since 1970, Chocowinity has been
the fastest growing community in Beaufort County. Between 1970
and 1980 the Town grew by 14%, and between 1980 and 1985 the
Town grew by 29% - twice as fast as any town in the County and
four times faster than the County as a whole. Areas outside of
Town have also experienced growth. Between 1970 and 1980 the
unincorporated area of the County grew by 21%. Much of that
development occurred just outside of city and town limits.
Growth is expected to continue in Chocowinity and the surround-
ing area. Forecasters project that the County will grow by 17%
between 1985 and 1995. .The Town's Land Use Plan projects that
Chocowinity probably will grow by 30% between 1985 and 1990 and.
have a population of 1,300 persons by 1995.
In 1987, the Town revised its land use plan. During the
update process, it became -clear to local planners 'that the Town
limits had not been extended to keep pace with the development
that had occurred in recent years. The Town had not gone
through annexation procedures in over a decade, and planners
noted that several large areas of residential development were
located outside of the. Town limits. The land use plan also
notes that several commercial uses have also been developed in
the Town's extraterritorial jurisdiction. Thus, to ensure that
growth continues in an orderly fashion, to ensure that the Town
receives a portion of the benefits generated by new develop-
ment, and to ensure that developed areas outside of Town are
furnished with necessary urban services in a cost-effective
manner, the Town has developed an Annexation Plan.
Annexation is the process by which a usually contiguous
fringe area is added to an existing municipality. The
prospect of future annexation is implicitly recognized in North
Carolina State law, as communities have the option of exercis-
ing extraterritorial powers such as planning, zoning, and
-3 P.O. Drawer 1787 :3 Washington, North Carolina 27889 3 [phone] R

Chocowinity Annexation Plan
Phase I
begin annexation studies: February 198E
projected effective date for —annexation: —late 1989
Study Area 1: land east and west of S. R. 11439 the western
side generally known as Evergreen Estates, and land on the
southeast corner of the intersection of N. C. 33 and S. R.
1143, the site of the Food King Supermarket.
Study Area 2: an area on the western side of S. R. 117e,
generally known as Barnes Court.
Study Area 3: land on the west side of U. S. 179 in the area
of Tidewater Equipment Company, and land on the north side of
S. R. 1142 (Burgaw Lane) east approximately to the Winfield
St./S. R. 1142 intersection.
Study Area 4: the area north of N. C. 33 and south of the
rail line, bounded on 3 sides by the current Town limits.
Phase II
begin annexation studies: ?
projected effective date of annexation: ?
Study Area 5: land along U. S. 17, south of the Town limits to
Harris Acres.
Study Area 6: land along S. R. 1136 including the area of
Chocowinity Village.
Study Area 7: land along N. C. 33 east of the Town limits,
extending to and including land in the area of the N. C. 33/S.
R. 1123 intersection.
Study Area 8: land on the west side of S. R. 1143, north of
Evergreen Estates, generally known as the Elks Mobile Park,
and land on the east side of S. R. 1143, just south of the
rail line.

subdivision control. Exercising extraterritorial jurisdiction
insures that new development will meet existing standards
within the municipality at the time the territory is annexed.
The Town has developed a phased plan for annexation.
Several areas are targeted for annexation within the next two
years, should an annexation report provide such proceedings to
be feasible (see map attached). This constitutes Phase I of
the Annexation Plan. Phase II is identification of areas the
Town may consider targeting for annexation in the long-term
future. These areas has been identified based on the current
growth pattern of the community. Commercial development
appears to be extending south along U. S. 17. A proposal for a
large residential development outside of the Town's extrater-
ritorial area to the east was announced in December 1987.
Should this project come to fruition, it is likely that the
eastern half of Town's extraterritorial jurisdiction will
experience a rapid increase in both residential and commercial
development. At some point in the future, these areas may be
developed to the extent that the Town may be providing services
there. Annexation of these Phase II areas may then be realis-
tically considered, and an annexation report prepared for
the Town Council. Both Phases of the Town's Annexation Plan
are consistent with its revised land use plan. All areas
except a portion of Phase II's Area 79 where identified in the
plan as those areas where future intensive development could
best be accommodated. To that end, these areas were classified
Transition on the Town's Land Class;.fi,catian..Map (attached).

Appendix B
PUBLIC MEETING ANNOUNCEMENTS

WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 20, 1988 — PAGE 5A
- CHOCO PLANNING BOARD
The Chocowinity Planning
Board will meet Thursday at 7:30
p.m. in the Chocowinity Town
Hall. Members will discuss
annexation procedures and be-
gin preliminary discussions on
subdivision regulations.
WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, SATURDAY, JANUARY 30, 1988 — PAGE 5
CNOCO TOWN COUNCIL
The Chocowinity Town Coun-
cil will meet Tuesday at 7:30 p.m.
in the Chocowinity Town Hall.
The meeting will include a public
hearing on the town's land use
plan and a hearing on an amend-
ment to the sign provisions of the
zoning ordinance. The council
will also consider' adopting an
annexation plan. The town's
planning board prepared the
plan and has requested that the
council adopt a Resolution of
Consideration at the meeting.
Passing the resolution is the first
step in annexation procedures.
The public is invited.

WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1988 — PAGE 5
CHOCO PLANNING BOARD
The Chocowinity Planning
Board will meet Thursday at 7:30
p.m. in the Chocowinity Town
Hall. Members will review the
status of annexation procedures
and begin preliminary discus-
sions on subdivision regulations.
WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, TUESDAY, MARCH 8, 1988 — PAGE 5
CIIOCO PLANNING
The Chocowinity Planning
Board will meet Thursday at 7:30
p.m. in the Chocowinity Town
Hall so members may begin a
preliminary review of a subdivi-
sion ordinance.
WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 13, 1988 — PAGE.5A
CHOCO PLANNING BOARD
The Chocowinity Planning
Board will meet Thursday at 7:30
p.m. in the Town Hall. Interested
persons are invited.
WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 8, 1988 — PAGE 5A
CHOCOWINTTY PLANNING
The Chocowinity Planning
Board will meet Thursday at 7:30
p.m. in the Town Hall to review a
draft annexation study. In-
terested people are invited.

3'ON
Wi'
t H rG,DAILY
WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1988 — PAGE 11
Town Takes First Step
In Waste Disposal Plan
The Chocowinity Board of
Commissioners took the first
step Tuesday toward acquiring a
sewage disposal system for the
town.
The board also adopted a land
use plan, setting the stage for
annexation of several properties
in the town's extraterritorial
limits.
The board passed a resolution
authorizing Rivers Associates, a
Greenville -based engineering
firm, to conduct a preliminary
engineering study as a first step
in designing a sewage -disposal
system.
Mayor Charles Williamson said
the town will use a low-pressure
system to pump raw sewage to
Washington, where it will be tre-
ated.
He said that cost estimates for
the project have been in the $2
million range.
Williamson said that the major
(See CHOCOWINITY, Page 11)
C11000WIlllty From Page 1
portion of the project's funding
would come from the Environ-
mental Protection Agency's 201
Facilities program. He said the
town could be responsible for as
little as 20 percent of the cost.
Williamson said it had not yet
been determined it the Choco-
winity system would be de-
signed to accommodate a 1,000-
home development planned by
Weyerhaeuser on the south side
of the Pamlico River.
The board also passed a resolu-
tion adopting a land use plan that
the town's planning board de-
veloped with the assistance of
Libby Anderson, a planner with
the Mid -East Commission.
As part of the plan, the town
intends to annex land within the
town's extraterritorial limits.
The planning board will begin
considering the first phase of
annexations at its meeting Feb.
11.
The town is tentatively plan-
ning the annexation of eight
areas, the first four in late 1989.
In other business:
The commissioners agreed
to have the Mid -East Regional
Housing Authority conduct a
market study of public housing
needs in the town. Harry Mere-
dith; a representative of the au-
thority, told the board that
money might be available for
additional rent -assisted housing.
The study will cost the town no-
thing.
— The board decided to buy an
American -made tractor-
backhoe-front-end loader com-
bination to be used by the public
works department. Williamson
said the board is seeking bids
from tractor companies and bid
sheets are available at the town
hall.
— The board passed a resolu-
tion limiting the size of all on -site
business signs in town to 32
square feet. The ordinance had
previously. allowed businesses
on a corner lot to have either two
32-square-foot signs or one 64-
square-foot sign.
All members of the board were
present. In addition to William-
son, M.L. Dunbar, H.E. Cole,
Jimmy Mobley and Arlene Jones
attended. • • • • • :.

�ASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, FRIDAY, JUNE 10, 1988 — PAGE 5A
Annexation Plan Would Give
0
Chocowinity 1/3 More People
By SUSAN BURTON
Sian Writer
The Mid -East Commission re-
commended Thursday night that
Chocowinity annex four areas,
increasing its population by a
third.
The proposal was presented to
the town's Planning Board by
Libby Anderson, a Mid -East
Commission planner who con-
ducted a four -month annexation
study for Chocowinity,
The annexation would in-
crease Chocowinity's population
by about 238. It is estimated now
to be just over 800.
One of the four areas includes
the Mid -East Housing project.
The Town Council voted Tues-
day to annex that area after re-
ceiving a petition from residents
of the area.
The Planning Board will send
the plan to the town lawyer, Way-
land Sermons, and then to the
Town Council, which will sche-
dule a public hearing..
Every property owner in the
annexation areas would be noti-
fied by certified mail.
No timetable for the annexa-
tion has been set. Ms. Anderson
said that it would probably be
cheaper to annex all the areas at
one time. The Planning Board
decided to recommend that.
The four areas are already
being served by city water and
will get sewer service when Cho-
cowinity's sewer system is in
place.
Ms. Anderson's report said one
year's revenue from the annexed
areas, in property taxes and in-
creased state funding, would ex-
ceed the initial cost of annexing
them.
She gave these details:
Study area I encompasses the
Evergreen Estates area and will
bring approximately 145 resi-
dents into the town. The esti-
mated cost of annexation will be
about $15,955, the study says.
The city can expect revenue from
the area of about $27,922 a year.
Study area II is the Mid -East
Housing Project, which will be
annexed in September. The
study estimates the cost of

Appendix C
ANNEXATION BY PETITION: STUDY AREA 3
The following pages document the procedures
the Town has followed in pursuing the request
for annexation by the Mid -East Regional
Housing Authority.

�•.�XsHixcr,
i� err
• MID -EAST REGIONAL HOUSING AUTHORIZ
ro
It P.O. Box 474. 809 Pennsylvania Avenue • Washington, N.C. 27889 a (919) 946-00
Mid -East Res9onsl d
� Housing Authority �^
March 17, 1988
Mayor Charles A. Williamson
Town of Chocowinity
P. 0. Box 145
Chocowinity, NC 278217
Dear Mayor Williamson:
Enclosed is a Petition Requesting Annexation for this Authority's public
housing site near Chocowinity. We appreciate your consideration and
look forward to working with you.
Sincerely,
�'-G
William I. -Cochran, Jr.
Executive Director
WICjr/cf
Enclosure
V/Cc: Libby Anderson
Mid —East Commission

,r
J
PETITION REQUESTING ANNEXATION
Date: March 8, 1988
To the Town Council of the Town of Chocowinity.
1. We the undersigned owners of real property respectfully
request that the area described in Paragraph 2 below be annexed
to the Town of Chocowinity.
2. The area to be annexed is contiguous to the Town of
Chocowinity and the boundaries of such territary.are as -follows:.
BEGINNING at a point in the Western right of way of S. R.
No. 1144 where the same is intersected by the Southwestern line
of the lands herein described and the Northwestern line of the
Moore Property, and running thence from said beginning point so
located North 76 deg. 14 min. 33 sec. West 251.99 feet to a
point; thence running North 26 deg. 58 min. 30 sec. East 569.95
feet to a point; thence running South 71 deg. 26 min. 40 sec.
East 115.53 feet to a point in the Southern right of way of S.
R. No. 1144; thence with the Southern right of way line of S. R.
No. 1144 South 63 deg. 18 min. 30 sec. East 221.55 feet to a
point; thence still with the Southern and Western right of way
line of S. R. No. 1144 and with a curve to the right, the radius
of which is 19.12 'feet, and the chord of which runs South 12
deg. 9 min. 15 sec. East 28.23 feet to a point in the Western
right of way line of S. R. No. 1144; thence with the Western
right of way line of S. R. 1144 South 39 deg. West 519.90 feet
to the point of BEGINNING. This being the same property shown
pn map entitled "Mid -East Regional Apartment Project,
Chocowinity, N. C.," dated May 12, 1-971, by. Truelove -Engineers,
Inc.; reference to said map being hereby made for the purpose of
a more particular description. See map attached for general
location of parcel.
NAME ADDRESS
Mid -East Regional Housing Authority P. 0. Box 474, Washington, NC 27889
I, William I. Cochran, Jr., Secretary -Treasurer, do hereby certify that the
above was adopted by the Mid -East Regional Housing Authority Board of Commissioners
at their regular meeting on Tuesday, March 8, 1988.
SEAL William I. Cochran, Jr.
Secretary -Treasurer

0
RESOLUTION DIRECTING THE CLERK TO INVESTIGATE
A PETITION RECEIVED UNDER G. S. 16OA-31•
WHEREAS, a petition requesting annexation of an area
described in said petition has been received on March 189 1988
by the Town Council; and
WHEREAS, G. S. 160A-31 provides that the sufficiency of the
petition shall be investigated by the Town Clerk before further
annexation proceedings may take place; and
WHEREAS, the Town Council of the Town of Chocowinity deems
it advisable to proceed in response to this request for annexa-
tion;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Town Council of the
Town of Chocowinity:
That the Town Clerk is hereby directed to investigate the
sufficiency of the above described petition and to certify as
soon as possible to the Town Council the result of her investiga-
tion.
ATTEST:
J nita Baytala, Clerk
Charl—I Williamson, Mayor

CERTIFICATE OF SUFFICIENCY
To the ,Town Council of the Town of Chocowinity, North
Carolina.
I, Juanita Baytala, Town Clerk, do hereby certify that I
have investigated the petition attached hereto and have found as
a fact that said petition is signed by all owners of real
property lying in the area described therein, in accordance
with G. S. 16OA-319 as amended.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed
the seal of the Town of Chocowinity, this _4_ day of April,
1988.
(SEAL)
40
t
anita Baytala
wn Clerk
0

BEAUFORT COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
AFFIDAVrr OF'PUBLICATION
Before. the undersigned, a Notary Public of said
County and State, duly commissioned, qualified and
authorized by law to administer oaths, personally
appeared Susan B. Futrell who being first
duly sworn, deposes and pays: that sbe is the
vice presiderit of The Washington Daily News
engaged in the publication of a newspaper known
as The Washington Daily News, published, issued
and entered as second class mail in the City of Wash
ington, N'. C. in.,said County and State; that she is
authorized to make this affidavit and sworn state-
ment; that the notice or other legal advertisement, E
NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING ON true copy of which is attached hereto, was publisher
REQUEST FOR ANNEXATION In The Washington Daily News on the following dates
The public wiu Ic" notice that the Town Cou . i0 r '�
aI of the Town of Chocowinity has called o // /�. /'
hearing at 7.30 pm on Tuesday, May 3 1 `f P............................ .
Wei, of the Town K on the question o� „
N»id described re.
quested�by petition ed punuaM to .. ... .
160A.31 as arneaded:
...... ... .......... ....................
BEGINPIING at a in the Western right of
way of S.R No. 44 whew the some is in, ..............
ternected by the authwatem line of IM lands ...
herein described and 11a NOrlMwestern line of
16 Moore Property, and �g N»"`• fi ern and that the said newspaper in which such notice, paper, document,
said point so Ioo�tadmr IJorNr 76 do -
seconds ' Poirt tm �e38 nr��, 261A�9 fee or legal advertisement was published was, at the tuna of each and
58 minutes 30 ueonds ; 569.95 f4 ib a
point; thenp run South 71 degrees 28 every such publication, a newspaper meeting all of the requirements
in 00 Southern right f ways of S.R. Nan and qualifications of Section 1-597 of the General Statutes of North
South 63 degrees-18 mirwh s 30 seeonds East
221.55 fewio o ppaanes thence AN with the Carolina and was a qualified newspaper within the meaning of
Southern and Wam- of Nne of SR
No.1144andwithacu l+,aUr�t%�rG&A Section 1-597 of the General Statutes of North Carolina
of which is 18.12 feet, � the chord of which
runs South 12 degrees 9 inches 15 seconds Fort
28.23 fee to apa of in the Western of r
way line of S.R.1144; thence with the right
This .:�.� ... day of ...... /.. /.`+.� i . .......... 9 1
rigid 5way line t t S.R.poi South 39 � lam': � .. .
est 519.90 fee b the point of BEGIN
This the same property shown on nap 1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .
enMled East R� Aparknent Pro- (Signature of person makin j affida.it)
Choaowir ft NC -doted May 12,1971, by
rwlow Engineer; krc; rsla w b said map
�yrnode
�croom des tno�s Sworn to and subscribed before me, this ......q ...... • . .
CW
..w day of .............. .. G-: ......., ...
•�_ .7 Notary Public
'My Commission expires:. :'�4lhcr�!:L:?V.ti� �. . ........
'J

A RESOLUTION IDENTIFYING THE AREAS
DESCRIBED HEREIN AS BEING
UNDER CONSIDERATION FOR ANNEXATION
BE IT RESOLVED by the Town Council of the Town of
Chocowinity:
Section 1. That pursuant to G.S. 160A-37(i), the following
described areas are Hereby identified as being under considera-
tion for future annexation by the Town of Chocowinity, under- thc:
provisions of Part 29 Article 4A of Chapter 160A of the Genera;
Statutes of North Carolina:
See Maps and Study area descriptions attached
Section 2. That a copy of this resolution shall be filed
with the Town Clerk.
Adopted the: -day of 19L�c1� .
Charles Williamson, Mayor
ATTEST:
i � ��---
/ uanita Baytala, Town Clerk

r
AN ORDINANCE TO EXTEND THE CORPORATE LIMITS OF
THE TOWN OF CHOCOWINITY, NORTH CAROLINA
WHEREAS, the Town Council has been Petitioned under G. S.
160A-31, as amended, to annex the area described herein; and
WHEREAS, the -Town Council has by resolution directed the
Town Clerk to investigate the sufficiency of said. petition; and
WHEREAS, the Town Clerk has certified the sufficiency of
said petition and a public hearing on the question of thi$
annexation was held at the Chocowinity Town Hall at 7:30 pm on
the 3rd day of May, 1988, after due notice by the Washington
Daily News on the 21st day of April, 1988; and
WHEREAS, the Town Council does hereby find as a fact that
said petition meets the requirements of G. S. 160A-311 as
amended;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED by the Town Council of the
Town of Chocowinity, North Cardlina:
Section 1. By virtue of the authority granted by G. S.
160A•-31, as amended, the following described territory, is hereby
annexed and made part of the Town of Chocowinity as of the 1st
day of September, 1988.
BEGINNING at a point in the Western right of way of S. R.
No. 1144 where the same is intersected by the Southwestern line
of the lands herein described and the Northwestern line of the
Moore Property, and running thence from said beginning point so
located North 76 deg. 14 min. 33 sec. West 251.99 feet to a
point; thence running North 26 deg. 58 min. 30 sec. East 569.95
feet to a point; thence running South 71 deg. 28 min. 40 sec.
East 115.53 feet to a point in the Southern right of way of S. R.
No. 11441 thence with the Southern right of way line of S. R. No.
1144 South 63 deg. 18 min. 30 sec. East 221.55 feet to a point;
thence still with the Southern and Western right of way line of
S. R. No. 1144 and with a curve to the right, the radius of
which is 18.12 feet, and the chord of which runs South 12 deg. 9
min. 15 sec. East 28.23 feet to a point in the Western right of
way line. of S. R. No. 1144; thence with the Western right of way
line of S. R. 1144 South 39 deg. West 519.90 feet to the point
Of BEGINNING, This being the same property shown on map entitled
"Mid -East Regional Apartment Project, Chocowinity, N.C.," dated
May 12, 1971, by Truelove Engineers, Inc.

t
r
t
Section 2. Upon and after the 1st day of June, 1988, the
above described territory and its citizens and property shall be
subject to all debts, laws, ordinances and regulations in force
in the Town of Chocowinity and shall be entitled to the same
privileges and benefits as other parts of the Town of
Chocowinity. Said territory shall be subject to municipal taxes
according to G. S. 160A-58.10.
Section 3. The Mayor of the Town of Chocowinity shall
cause to be recorded in the office of the Regi.Iter of Deeds of
Beaufort County, and in the office of the Secretary of State at
Raleigh, North Carolina, an accurate map of the annexed terri-
tory, described in Section 1 hereof, together with a duly
certified copy of this ordinance. Such a map shall also be
delivered to the County Board of Elections, as required by G. S.
163-288.1.
Adopted this 7th day of June, 1988.
ATTEST:
Clerk

r
t
WBR:LLT:RA:dvs
DJ 166-012-3
W2506
Honorable Charles Williamson
Mayor
P. O. Box 145
Chocowinity, North Carolina 27817
Dear Mayor Williamson:
U.S. Departtuent ul' ,11►stire
1
Civil Rights Divi,iun
I ,nun• A" n,,,,
P.n. I!„( 6612N
It -id n.owi. 1) (' !1Nlf� f,l!•�
August 15, 1988
This refers to the June 7, 1988, annexation to the Town of
Chocowinity in Beaufort County, North Carolina, submitted to the
Attorney General pursuant to Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act of
1965, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 1973c. We received your submission on
June. 16, 1988.
The Attorney General does not interpose any objection to the
change in question. However, we feel a responsibility to point out
that Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act expressly provides that the
failure of the Attorney General to object does not bar any subsequent
judicial action to enjoin the enforcement of such change. See the
Procedures for the Administration of Section 5 (28 C.F.R. 51.41).
Sincerely,
Wm. Bradford Reynolds
Assistant Attorney General
Civil Rights Division
By:
-)'�Gerald W. Jones
Chief, Voting Section

Ckocowin i%yAnnexdion PI6n
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28.4
Study Area 4 ,
NC 33
?EEBI
Study Area
SR 1178
M A P 4
T O wn o f C h o c ow I n I t
Y
Study Areas 2 & 4
Existing Proposed
® o 'Street Light
® o Fire Hydrant
00000000000co a _ Wa t er Ma ► n
-- Town Boundary
Railroad
0 300 600
SCALE
THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN
PART THROUGH A GRANT PROVIDED BY THE NORTH
CAROLINA COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, THROUGH
FUNDS PROVIDED BY THE COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT OF
1972, AS AMENDED, WHICH IS ADMINISTERED BY THE
OFFICE OF OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

28.3
4
II
2
3
M A P 3
US 13
Town of C h o c ow 1 n I ty
Study Area 3
Existing Proposed
® Street L►ght
A o Fire Hydrant
Water Main
____ Town Boundary
o 250 Soo
SCALE
THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN
PART THROUGH A GRANT PROVIDED BY THE NORTH
CAROLINA COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, THROUGH
FUNDS PROVIDED BY THE COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT OF
1972, AS AMENDED, WHICH IS ADMINISTERED BY THE
OFFICE OF OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

28.1
M A P 1
US 17
THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN 0 20 00 4 0 0 0
PART THROUGH A GRANT PROVIDED BY THE NORTH
CAROLINA COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, THROUGH
FUNDS PROVIDED BY THE COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT OF SCALE
1972, AS AMENDED, WHICH IS ADMINISTERED BY THE
ID�I�1ffi4 OFFICE OF OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION
Town of C h o cowl n It y
Phase I Study Areas
June 1988
Study Areas
-- Town Boundary
-- Extraterritorial Boundary
Railroad

28.2
2 SR 1143
27 ❑
25
28 2 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15
Q P 14
29
❑ 13
30 31 321 1
33 3 35 36 37 3 39 12
45 44 43 42 41 40 11
46
10
47 52 9
48 49 50 51
8
57 56 S5 54 53
El El
7
6
NC 33 58 60 61
59 Q
5
0 300 600
SCALE
THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN
PART THROUGH A GRANT PROVIDED BY THE NORTH
CAROLINA COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, THROUGH
FUNDS PROVIDED BY THE COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT OF
1972, AS AMENDED, WHICH IS ADMINISTERED BY THE
OFFICE OF OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION SR 1157
r
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2. SEPTIC TANK PROBLEM AREAS
Introduction
A major factor influencing the health of -individuals where
public sewers are not available is the proper disposal of human
excreta. Many diseases, such as dysentery, typhoid, infectious
hepatitis, para-typhoid, and various types of diarrhea are trans-
mitted from one person to another through the fecal contamination
of food an,.l water, Largely due to the improper disposal of human
wastes. Por this reason, every effort should be rnade to prevent
such hazards any; to dispose of all human waste so that no oppor-
tunity will exist for contamination of water or food.
Safe disposal of all human and domestic wastes is necessary to
protect the health of the individual and the community and to
prevent the eccurance of a bad public nuisance. Although "the
two-holer" had a noteworthy and honorable place in history the
advancement of indoor plumbing has been the, major "savior" of
disposing human wastes in a sanitary manner. In a non -urban area
such as Brunswick County the principal method used to handle such
wastes is the septic tank and filter field. To accomplish satis-
factory, sanitary results, such wastes must be disposed of so that
they meet the followthg criteria:
1) They will not contaminate any drinking water supply.
2) They will not give rise to a public health hazard by
being accessible to insects, rodents, or other possible carriers
which may come :into contact with food or drinking water.
3) They will not give rise to a public health hazard by
being accessible to children.
4) They will not violate laws or regulations governing
water pollution or sewage disposal.
5) They will not pollute or contaminate the waters of any
b:ithing beach, shellfish breeding ground, or stream used for
public or domestic water supply purposes, or for recreational
purposes.
G) They will not give rise to a nuisance due to odor or
unsightly appearance.
These criteria can best be met by the discharge of domestic
sewage to an adequate public or community sewerage system.
Septic tanks and soil absorption trenches are generally considered
by health authorities and the construction industry as an interim
solution for waste disposal in urban or semi -urban conditions.
In other words, they are used when a public sewage disposal system
is non=existent or not immediately available. However, when the
above criteria are met, and where soil and site conditions are
favorable, the septic tank system can be expected to give satisfactory
service. Experience has shown that adequate supervision, inspec-
tion and maintenance of all features of the system are required
to insure compliance in this respect.
37

tan ks and too heavy of an overload is placed on the capacity of
the filter fields to absorb the waste waters. When waste input
exceeds design capacity output, like in the beach areas during
summer visitation, the system become worthless. Also chemicals
and grease may be placed into the tank which may kill or overload
the digestion capabilities of the bacteria.
The use of scptic tanks filter fields in defining soil'suita-
bilit.y takes into consideration a functional properly operating
sysLcm. This is a subsurface sys'Lem of pile or perforated pipe
that distributes effluent from a septic tank into natural soil.
`1'he soil material from a depth of 18 inches to 6 feet is evaluated.
The sail properties considered are those that effect both absorp-
tion of effluent and construction and operation of the system.
Properties Lh,.L eifccL absorption are permeability, depth to water
table and susceptibility to flooding.
The use of hearing capacity, as used in this report relates
to she ability of a three story residential building to be support-
ed by foundatiop footings in an undisturbed soil.

The Problem
The problem of malfunctioning septic tank systems can be more
than just a local problem withing Caswell Beach, but a statewide and
nationwide problem as well. All too often a septic tank system in
a coastal area does not funtion properly and creates an environmental
probl^, in an otherwise healthful neighborhood. A study conducted
by the Brunswick County Planning Department has indicated that 78.4
percent of the Town's total land acreage has been judged to be un-
suitable for conventional septic tanke systems. This percentage does
not take into effect the spatial arrangement of development on the
better soils, but it does indicate a large number of soils which
cause septic tank failures. Failure will mean that either improperly.
treated sewage is being injected into shallow ground waters of the
area, or that sewage effluent appears on the ground surface at some
time during the year to be washed into nearby surface waters with
each subsequent rain storm.
Problem areas arise within the Town when septi
in suburban -like subdivisions with small lot sizes,
impermeable soils, with seasonnally high water tabl
associated high rates of water usage in the home.
stances the conventional septic tank system is just
for sewage disposal.
tanks are found
with disturbed or
,s, and with
n these circum-
not well suited
M

Natural Causes of Failures
The most common cause of any septic tank failures in;Caswell
Beach would be the installation of septic tank systems in soils which
have seasonally high water tables. In these areas the lot receives
a percolation test by the County Health Department.Representative and
if -the climatic conditions are such that the soils "perc" because of
a seasonally low water table, the system is then designed according
to the present condition and the waste disposal system is installed.
After some time, seasonal changes cause the water table,to rise and
the new system stops functioning.
Another cause of failure would be from the presence of,an imper-
vious layer which reaches a certain saturation point after a rain and
retards the vertical movement of water. These layers may be hardpans
(clays), sandpans, and organic stain layers. The unique situation
in Caswell Beach (and in Brunswick County) is the fact that these
impervious layers are scattered in a haphazard fashion and are some-
what unpredictable in determining their spatial arrangement. Percola-
tion tes points are not a good indication of well drained soils�to be
used for filter fields because the test point may easily miss one
of these layers that could be present in Caswell Beach.
Particularly the organic stain layer is a difficult soil structure
to pin -point because of its allusive nature caused by uneven organic
decomposition. They present a most difficult problem to soil scientists
and Health Department personnel within the County, to adequately predict
where they can be found.
40

Circumstantial Mistakes
It is ail too easy to attempt to point the blame for the
failure of septic'tanks at individuals.such.as the builder, the
septic tank installer, the Health Department'Official, the home
owner, or some other State or Local Official. It is true that
all. of;these people may make mistakes from time to time which can
result in a septic tank failure, but they are done in.an unconscious
manner.
Caswe11 Beach could get in such a predicament because it is growing
very fast and more demands are placed on the septic tank regulation
entities. With this additional pressure for growth, the following
errors are coimnonly made:
1) Lots with high water tables which should have.never been
approved by the local Department and.the soil scientistsare approved,
because the lot was inspected during the dry seasons.
2) Percolation tests which are not done properly because of
limits on time and manpower are the beginnings of septic failures.
r:xamples of this situation are not enough percolation test points,
and test holes which were not saturated the.day before readings
are made. Most of these shortcuts are used only where work loads
inorease and result in the improper analysis of the proposed
building lot. -
3) If this percolation rate is in error then the design of
septic system is in error also. Usually, this results in a
was to water absorption system that is too small for the moist
:'011ditions thaL tictually exist. In addtion, many of the systems
are placed too deep and the drainage lines become flooded from
it rising water table.
4) Small lot size is another variable that restricts the
effectiveness of a septic tank filter field by demanding smaller
absorption field areas so the drainage system can stay within
the boundary of the lot. A minimum lot size ordinance in Brunswick
COLIn'y would helpto alleviate this common problem and take pressures
off the persons involved with regulation.
5) Septic tank system i'nstallation`is a,very important busi
ness to insure a functioning system. It.is necessary to dig to
the correct depth, place in the right _drain tile, with the proper
grade, on top of the most efficient filter gravel in the absorp-
tion trench, to match the individual site''needs. AlL too often
or.e of these important variables is overlooked.
G) Finally, maintenance and proper"operation of the.finished
septic tank system by the home owners or occupants is a most
important variable to insure a functioning, "healthy" system.
Too often the wrong chemicals and objects are flushed into the
41

Controls
Direct Regulation: This method of controlling the problem of
septic tanks is presently being utilized by -the County Sanitarians.
The local health officials guide the installation of a septic tank
system.according to State Board of Health Regulations which are '
incorp(2rated`into the Brunswick County Ordinance.* There are many
variables involved and it is a very complex system to regulate,
since it require:: quite a few steps performed by various indi-
viduals. However if a''septic tank system is allowed on a lot
the following precise sequence of actions must take place:
1) An evaluation of'the soil and percolation tests must{
be properly conducted to provide a bisis for the size and design
of the system.
2) A workable layout iuust be drawn up by an%.experienced and
competent designer.
3) -Once t:he design is drawn, there can be no later changes"
in house layout, or additions to the system, otherwise the drain
field will be too small for the input.
4) There must be no removal or disturbance of the soil
during construction because such disturbances cause compaction
which reduces the permeability of the the soil..
5) Installation crews must be able to install the,appropriate
system -without -disturbing the soils, and being able to keep the
drain lines level, while carefully following the contour of'the
lot, and adding sufficient gravel in the trenches.
G) There must be no disturbance of the soil,af ter instal-
l:Ttion caused by deep'gardening, digging holes, adding pavement, etc.
7) The homeowner must understand the functioning of the whole
system and maintain it in the, proper working order.
Unfortunately not all of the above actions are followed all
of the "'time and septic systems will fail. It places the local
health-offi.ciai.:; in an awkward position, because they are not
able.to supervise thoroughly all of the steps. This problem arises
in Brunswick County because -of large Housing demands creating
large work loads on limited funding and manpower in the local
health department.
Subdivision Iteryulations: Brunswick County does have a local
subdivision uidi►laiice which helps to alleviate septic tank problems,.
unfortunately it was enacted too late.in the development of the
County. This Ordinance generally _involves. the review of the
pl«ns fora large: residential development or smaller subdivisions
by local planning; soils and health officials.. Among other things,
the soils capability to contain and handle the wastes of a septic
tank disposal system is evaluated. Thus the Subdivision Ordin-
ance allows for better review -of new projects_and:notifies the
various.departments of impending redidential developments. In
this way they can more effectively.enforce their..own regulations.
* Brunswick County Board of Health Regulations
42

Public Sewer Extensions: A third method of controlling septic
tank problems in Caswell Beach is through the extention of
public sewage 4io posal systems. Even though there area limited
number of public sewage disposal'systems in operation throughout
the Toum, their numbers will greatly increase.in the future as
development increases. As the new subdivisions increase in both
size and numbers, there will be a point reached in density which
can not be 'safely served by purely septic tank systems alone.
When this optimum point is reached the only feasible alternative
is building a public sewer system which eliminates the septic
tank problem altogether. Caswell Beach is currently included in the
Southeast Brunswick.County 201 Facilities Plan, however, because of funding
problems at federal and state levels, it is uncertain whether or not they
will remain in the program.
Conclusion: Caswell Beach does not presently have a septic tank problem,
but due to their present rate of residential growth, and their proximity to
many environmentally fragile areas, they could very likely develop severe
public health problems in regard to their septic tank systems. Even though
their systems are presently functioning properly, there may be detrimental
affects on the quality of ground and surface waters by too rapid filtering
action in the coastal sands.
43

3. FRAGILE AREAS
Located along the North Carolina Coast, Caswell Beach recognizes
areas which are environmentally fragile and for'.which development is
discouraged or subject to specifications. In compliance with,the-
Coastal Area Management Act (1974), Areas of Environmental Concern
(AEC's) have been designated for the Town. On the map of Fragile
areas, this list is associated with the designations of Ocean Beaches
and Shoreline and Wetlands Wildlife Habitat.
(1) Coastal Wetlands - Low Tidal Marshland Description,
Defined as Mar s and consisting pr mari ly o
Spartina alterniflora and usually subject to
inundation by the normal rise and fall of lunar
tides.
(2) Coastal Wetlands Other Coastal Marshland Description
All other marshland which is not low tidal marshland.
Appropriate land. uses are those which will not alter
natural functions. Examples of acceptable land use
may include utility easements-, fishing piers, and docks.
(3) Estuarine Waters Description. Estuarine Waters are
defined n G.S�113229 n as, "all the water of the
Atlantic Ocean within the boundary of North Carolina
and all the waters of the bays, sounds, rivers, and
tributaries thereto seaward.
(4) Renewable Resource Areas -Watersheds or Aquifers
SpeciaAquifer Areas -Outer Ban s and Barrier
Islands Description. Areas of well -drained sands
t tend down-waxd from the surface to include
an extensive area of fresh water that is an
important source for a public water supply
identified by the North Carolina Department of
.Human.Resources, Division of Health Services,
or that are classified for water supply use
pursuant of Health Services or that are class-
ified for water supply use pursuant to G. S.
143-214.1. Appropriate land uses are those
which do not rely upon subsurface waste disposal
system or result in salt water intrusion.
(5) Areas Subject to Public Rights -General Description. -
Areas such as waterways an an s un er or flowed
by tidal waters or navigable waters, to which the
public may have rights of access or public trust
rights of access or public trust rights; and areas
which the State of North Carolina may be authorized
to preserve, conserve, or protect under Article
XIV, Section 5, of the North Carolina.Constitution.
44

(6) Areas Subject to Public Rights -Certain Public Trust
Areas Description. All waters of the Atlantic Ocea
and the lands there -under from the mean high water
mark to the seaward limit of State jurisdiction;
all natural bodies of water subject to measurable
lunar tides and lands there -under to the mean high
water mark; all navigable natural bodies of water
and lands there -under to the mean high water mark
or ordinary high water mark as the case may be,
except privately woned lakes to which the public
has no right of access. Appropriate land uses
are those which do not interfere with public right
of navigation. Navigational channels, drainage
ditches, bulkheads and piers are appropriate land
uses.
(7) Natural Hazard Areas -Sand Dunes along the Outer Banks
Descri tion. Dunes are defined as ridges or mounds
of loose wind-blown material, usually sand.
Appropriate land uses are those employing engineering
practices and site preparation to minimize unnecessary
damage.
(8) Natural Hazard Areas -Ocean Beaches and Shoreline
on the Outer Bans Description. These are defined
as land areas without vegetation. covering, consisting
of unconsolidated soil material that extends landward
from the mean low tide to a point where any one or
combination of the following occur: a) vegetation,
b) a distinct change in predominant soil particle
size, or c) a change in slope or elevation which
alters the physiographic land form. Appropriate
land uses are those which preserve to the greatest
extent feasible, the opportunity to enjoy the physical,
aesthetic, cultural, and recreational qualities of the
shorelines.
(9) Natural Hazard Area -Coastal Floodplains Description.
Coastal f oo p a n is defined as the land areas adjacent
to coastal sounds, estuaries, or the ocean which are
prone to flooding from storms with an annual probability
of one percent or greater (100-year storm). Land uses
must comply with standards of the Federal Insurance
Administration.
(10) Natural Hazard Areas -Excessive
a General Description - areas
conditions are such that there
of excessive erosion or seismic
Areas Description.
where geologic ana soil .
is substantial possibility
activity.
45

(11) Natural Hazard Areas - Excessive Erosion Areas -
Ocean Erodible Areas Description. Defined as the
area above mean high water w ere excessive erosion
has a high probability of occurring. In delineating
the landward extent of this area, a reasonable 30
year recession line shall be determined using the
best scientific data available. The Ocean Hazard
Area setback is 140 feet in Yaupon Beach.
Appropriate land uses are recreation, conservation,
and easements for access.
(12) Natural Hazard Areas - Excessive Erosion Areas -
Estuarine and River Erodible Areas Description.
Defined as the area a ove ordinary high water
where excessive erosion has a high probability
of occurring. In delineating the landward
extent of this area, a reasonable 25-year re-
cession line shall be determined using the best
available information. Permanent or substantial
residential, commercial, institutional or indus-
trial structures are not appropriate land uses.
(13) Natural and Cultural Resources Areas. The final
group o s is gatherecl under the heading
of fragile coastal natural and cultural resource
areas and is defined as areas containing environ-
mental, natural, or cultural resources of more
than local significance in which uncontrolled
or incompatible development could result in major
or irreversible damage to natural systems or cul-
tural resources, scientific, educational, or as-.
sociative values, or aesthetic qualities.
Included under this category for Brunswick County
are archaeological and historic sites.
Archaeological Sites: Significant coastal archaeological
resources are defined as areas that contain archaeological
remains (objects, features, and/or sites)'that have more
than local significance to history and prehistory.
Archaeological resources are objects and/or areas made or modi-
fied by man and the data associated with these artifacts and features.
These resources rest in or on the ground. Any alteration of the land
destroys the associated information and endangers the artifacts
themselves. Although most of the known archaeological sites in
Brunswick County have not been evaluated for their significance, a
majority are suspected to have been temporary camp locations used
by early Indians for the purpose of shellfish harvesting.
But until these sites can be properly evaluated by a competent
archaelogist, care should be taken to preserve them. Management
objectives for archaeological sites are given in the policy statements
of this Plan. However, archaeological sites need not be a deterrent
to develop,
-t6

The significance of their location in the planning process is to
encourage their evaluation before any development is allowed to
occur which might harm or destroy them. The government requires
all known archaeological sites to be evaluated before construction
begins on any project financed in whole or part with State or Federal
money. Ideally, all sites should be evaluated before construction
begins, regardless of the source of funding.
Historic sites are unique and nonrenewable educational, scientific,
associative, or aesthetic resources which owe their importance to asso-
ciations with American history, archaeology, architecture and culture
of the past. These valuable resources constitute and integral part of
the human environment by showing the integrity of past generations which
in turn develops a special character for Caswell Beach. Caswell Beach
contains one known historical site.
The following development standards applicable to all AEC's have been
established:
(1) No development should be allowed in any AEC which would.
result in a contravention or violation of any rules,
regulations or laws of the State of North Carolina or of
local government in which the development takes place.
(2) No development should be allowed in any AEC which would
have a substantial likelihood of causing pollution of
the waters of the State to'the extent that such waters
would be closed to'the taking of shellfish under standards
set by the commission for Health Services pursuant to G.S.
130-169.01.
47

B. COMMUNITY CAPACITY
1. FACILITIES
The location of existing and proposed facilities has a substantial
affect on where future growth will occur. By determining the location
of proposed facilities such as water, sewage, and highway improvements,
new growth destined to occur in these areas can be better planned.
The following Facilities Map for Brunswick County illustrates existing
and proposed water lines, sewage service areas, and transportation
facilities as they apply to Caswell Beach.
a. Water Facilities
Caswell Beach has recently tied into the Brunswick County's Water
system.. Construction for an extension of the County's operating Phasel
system from Yaupon Beach to Fort Caswell along N.C. 133 has been
completed.
The Phase I water system consists of a well field, water treatment
plant, elevated storage, and high service mains to distribute water to
municipal and industrial customers. Present usage levels over a 10 month
period from 9-30-79 to 7-25-80 range from a summer high of 16,209 gpd to
a winter low of 1,533 gpd; with their average usage being 5,081 gpd.
The capacity of the existing water treatment plant is being expanded
from 4.5 mgd to 6.0 mgd to provide for future industrial requirements of
the system.
Based on this 1990 peak week population projection, the system will,
be capable of supplying the coastal areas with the following quantity daily
during the 12 week summer season.'
45,000 people X 100 gpd/capita = 4,500,000 gpd
* Includes commercial demand.
b. Sewage Facilities
For Caswell Beach, where most of the land area is not densely populated,
the principal method for disposal of human and domestic wastes in rural and
transitional areas outise these densely populated communities is the standard
septic tank and filter field system. In the rural and community areas where
low densities and suitable soils are present, such septic tank and filter
field systems offer adequate sewage disposal without serious repercussions.
However, in small towns and residential subdivisions with small lot sizes
and high occupancy rates, the effectiveness and safety of septic tank
disposal systems is significantly reduced by a smaller filter field system
dictated by the size of the lot.

In order to accommodate future development, minimize the
possibility of septic tank failure and thus public health
problems and adverse financial impacts, and to minimize the
shellfish areas pollution problems, Caswell Beach has been
included in the Southeastern Brunswick'County 201 Facilities
Plan. The,.proposed Phase I (1990) and Phase II (2000) facilities
will service 100% of Caswell Beach. The Phase I facility can
serve a summer population of 1,446 and a winter population of
86.; The,total flow capacity for Caswell Beach will be 135,201 gpd
(summer) which will more than adequately serve the needs of
Caswell Beach.
The plan selected for wastewater management in Caswell Beach
includes the collection and transmission of all wastewater gener-
ated within the sewered portions of the.planning area to a waste-
water treatment plant located northeast of the City of Southport.
This facility, to be constructed on a 25-acre site near the Pfizer
Chemical Plant, will utilize the oxidation ditch treatment process
prior to discharging treated wastewater through a diffused outfall
system to the main channel of the Cape Fear River. The purpose of
such a system is to achieve a desired level of service at the lowest
practical cost.
c. Recreational Facilities
At -the present time, Caswelli-Beach,`provides the Oak.Island
Country Club, tennis, ,swimmingzand golf..facilities and beach
itself as recreation"facilities:- There are however, sport facili-
ties and a number',of recreational programs for the youth and elderly
provided in the nearby Town of Long Beach.
In addition, there are a number of private facilities in the
adjacent Town of Yaupon Beach available for use by the residents
of Caswell Beach; these include three arcades and a dance studio.
The beach is extremely important to the Town as a recreational
facility. The beach is also responsible for a large portion of
the tourist industry (seasonal residents) which substantially con-
tributes to the economy of Caswell Beach.
49

SERVICE AREAS
91 Southwestem 201 Area C01PITY
UO Southeastern 201 Areo
LXNorthern 201 Areo
�'rrrrrre�,n��'��t li����li►,
6a, U .1 IQ vv %.Iuulliy , rianning uepOriment 1980 cpb
Caswell Beach is included in the Southeastern 201 Planning Area
50

2. POPULATION PROJECTIONS
Introduction
Population projections provide the basis for most major planning
decisions. It is on these projections that planning future needs for ser-
vices and facilities ;are based. Not only are the total number of people
important but also whether they are permanent or seasonal residents.
To b^ sure, projecting population is a guessing game because the
influences that create the ebb and flow of people is unpredictable, there-
fore, projections are made on the assumption that the general conditions
at the time of the projection will remain stable Projections must be
reviewed often and updated based on conditions at the time of the review.
The population of Caswell Beach has already exceeded projections
made in the early 1970"s for the year 1990 because the degree of current
seasonal development was unknown at that time.
Contained within this section are the projections of Caswell Beach's
population through the year 2000.
I
51

Population.Prcjections
Caswell Beach is a new municipality, a new growth area, in a
dynamic setting on an important tourist - oriented island having direct
access and a major beach strand along the Atlantic Ocean.
In such an atmosphere with its unique economy and growth rates
oriented to non-traditional growth trends, the latter of which are based
on such means as births and deaths, a different means had to be determined
to obtain a view of what the future might bring both in terms of numbers
of permanent, ,near -around residents, as well as numbers of seasonal_resi-
dents, and for how much of the year this seasonal population would need
services.
A straight-line projection formula has been used in this study. The
best current estimate of the permanent resident population of Caswell Beach
is shown in the following table.
Permanent Resident Population
Year Number of Persons
1970 36
197553
1980 104
1990 300
2000 800
Past studies of Caswell Beach have determined that there is approxi-
mately 8.5 persons per seasonal household, average occupancy. This infor-
mation was confirmed by a citizens questionnaire made as part of this Plan.
Further interviews with local realty firms and town officials confirmed
this figure.
In 1980, 71 seasonal housing units were reproted. This provides an
average day population of 587 seasonal residents. Taken as a ratio.-. to the
permanent resident population of the Town, projections were made into the
future on the basis of 6.9 seeasonal residents t each o e perm nent resident.
The .estimates are provided for seasonal population one fol owing.page.
52

Seasonal Population
Year Number of Persons
1970 249
1980 587
1990 1,037
2000 1,258
As Land Use Plans (Land Classification Systems) in the coastal area
are required to be updated at five year intervals by the North Carolina
Coastal Resources Commission, additional estimates are provided as follows:
Total Population
Year Permanent Residents Seasonal Residents
1970 36 249
1975 53 366
1980 104 587
1985 187 800
1990 300 1,037
1995 550 19147
2000 800 1,258
The reader is reminded that Caswell Beach is a newly emerging resort
area, with potentials of dynamic growth that may alter these projections
as events occur such as the present development of the first condominimum
residential facility in the Town.
53

3. ESTIMATED DEMAND
The estimated demand for Caswell Beach is expressed in terms of
the holding capacity of the Town; that. is, the maximum population
that can be safely and economically supported by the present and
planned facilities, regulations and developable land of the Town.
The holding capacity of a planning district refers to the ability
of the natural and man-made systems of an area to support the demands
of various land uses. It refers to inherent limits in the systems
beyond which change cannot be absorbed without resulting in instability,
degradation, or irreversible damage.
Residentially speaking, the holding capacity of d planning
district is the number of dwelling units the vacant and renewal land
in the planning district will accommodate to a prescribed pattern of
residential densities.
The basic elements used in determining holding capacity are
projected population increases during the planning period, existing
and proposed urban water and sewerage facilities, future planned
development, institutional and organizational constraints, transportation
systems, vunerable habitats, lands with soils suitable for develop-
ment, energy supplies, man-made hazard areas, and archeological and
historical sites.
Measurement techniques for holding capacity are necessarily
dynamic rather than static. Measurement is based upon current
existing and proposed holding capacity elements. In the future these
elements may change and thus alter the holding capacity of the
planning area. Changes in the elements may be brought about by
technogical advances, economic fluctuations, energy crises,new life
style attitudes, and institutional changes. However, major changes
are not brought about in very short time spans. The holding capacity
analysis is under review every five years and should therefore keep
up with all element changes that have occurred. Because of this, and
because a holding capacity analysis is based upon all current
element trends, the resultant estimated demand is thought to be
rather accurrate.
a. Water Facilities Capacity
Caswell Beach is hooked to the County water system. The capacity :
of the County is sufficient to serve 45,000 people in 1990. These `
Phase II facilities plan to parallel the existing 12" line with a
new 18" dine , increasing service capacities to Caswell Beach. This
is more than adequate to service the needs of Caswell Beach well
beyond the year 2000.
b. Sewage Facilities Capacity
The present method of sewage disposal in Caswell Beach is the
conventional sewage tank. If Caswell Beach were to continue to utilize
this method of sewage disposal, their capacity would soon be reached in
terms of resultant health hazards and danger to adjacent estuarine waters.
54

However, in order to accommodate future development, Caswell Beach
presently plans to participate in the Southeast 201 Facilities Plan.
Under this system, Caswell Beach will be able to service a population
of 1,446 people under the 1990 Phase I facilities, and-1,603 persons
under the year 2000 Phase II facilities. These service capacities
far surpass the present population projections for Caswell Beach;
therefore, Caswell Beach will not reach capacity in terms of sewerage
facilities until approximately the second decade of the twenty-
first century.
C. Developable Lands
When assessing developable lands for Ce.swell Beach, it is
necessary to use the adjusted soil suitability acreage figures.
The adjusted figures exclude all of the coastal wetlands that are
incorporated into Caswell Beach. These coastal wetlands are class-
ified as Conservation and are not considered for future development.
Those lands with very severe soils are located primarily along the
ocean shoreline and areas along the Oak Island Golf Course. The
golf course will also be excluded when assessing developable lands
and the accompanying very severe soil acreage subtracted from the
adjusted total. The total adjusted acreage minus the Oak Island
Golf Course is 303.72 acres; the total adjusted very severe soil
acreage minus those lands classified as such within the golf course
is 88.45 acres; this results in a sum of total developable acreage for
Caswell Beach of 215.27 acres. Of this acreage, 38.30 acres are
presently platted. Using the average acreage per unit of 1.43
acre, this land is suitable to accommodate approximately 151 units,
of which about 99 percent, or 149 would be residential. Given an
average permanent and seasonal household size of 6.2, this would be
enough residential units to accommodate approximately 924 additional
persons, or an ultimate of 1,596 persons. This population figure
is presently estimated to be reached well after the year 2000.
Therefore, it can be concluded that Caswell Beach will not reach its
capacity until well after the year 2000.
ON

IFS,Rj 74
I FA .0, 11E
POUCY DEVELOPMENT
AND
IMPLENIENTAflON

4
PART III
POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
A. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION. . . . . . . . . . . .
. .58
58
Resident Type
59
Work Place
Major Problems Facing Caswell Beach
59
Characteristics of Caswell Beach
Desirable and Undesirable
59
Public Facilities and Services
59
Future Development
60
61
Polluted Shellfish Areas
61
Beach Erosion
61
CP&L Canal
61
Beach Ordinance
62
Emergency Preparedness
B . POLICY STATEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 63
65
1. Resource Protection . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
65
Estuarine System
68
Ocean Hazard Areas
70
Natural and Cultural Resources
2. Physical Constraints to Development. . . .
. . 72
Septic Tank Suitability
72
Drainage
73
73
Bearing Capacity
73
Special Local Development Issues
3. Resource Protection and Management. . .
. .73
Productive Agricultural and Forest Lands
74
Net Fishing
74
74
Coastal and Estuarine Waters
Existing and Potential Mineral
Production Areas
74
Off Road Vehicles
74
74
Airport
4. Economic and Community Development. . .
.75
Community Development
75
Commercial Development
75
Industrial Development
75
Tourism
5. Provision of Services to Development. . .
75
. . 75
Public Water Supply
75
75
Public Sewerage System
76
Solid Waste Disposal
76
Rescue Squad and Fire Protection
76
Public School System
76
Transportation
76
6. Growth Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
76
Compact Growth
76
Provision of Service
Segregation of Existing Land Uses
76
Population Growth
77
Land.Use Development
77
Housing Types
77
77
Compliance with Official Plans
7. Continuing Public Participation.
78
C. IMPLEMEN IN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
57

CASWELL BEACH PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS
Caswell Beach is a coastal community of about 85 permanent
residents and 587 seasonal residents. With an approximate total
of 22 permanent single family dwelling units and 69 seasonal
single family dwelling units, the community has an average house-
hold maize for permanent residential dwellings of 3.86 and.for
seasonal residential dwellings of 8.5.
Several techniques were used to involve these residents in
the land use planning process for Caswell Beach. Local meetings
with county planners, Town officials, and community residents
were held. These meetings fostered public participation in the
identification of community problems and issues and in the review
of preliminary land use plans and the Town policy Statements.
Important issues were also reported upon in the weekly county
newspapers. This helped to inform local residents and to create
awareness of concerns which affect the community. Also, as a
convenience to citizens with questions, concerns, and ideas about
land use planning for Caswell Beach, a "dial - a - planner" service
was in operation from February 1, 1980 to June 15, 1980.
The service allowed those people unable to attend the local
meetings to talk directly with a county planner. Finally, as an
effort to involve citizens in the land use planning process, a
questionnaire was sent out by the Brunswick County Planning Department
to all property owners in the community. The survey sought opinions
and attitudes that Caswell Beach property owners hold on issues
regarding land use and development, service provision, capital
improvements, and beach strand policy.
Although citizen participation by the permanent population in
-local meetings has been good with about ten percent attending, it
was low in the survey. Participation from seasonal residents was
higher. Approximately 160 questionnaires were sent out in the middle
of February, 1980. Eighteen were returned, a response rate of 11 per-
cent. Responses to the questions were then tabulated during the
middle of March, 1980. The following represents an analysis of the
opinions and concerns of the 11 percent who responded.
Resident Type
Residents answering the survey, for the most part, classified
themselves as permanent residents.
There was a range oFtwo to six people per house, with most of the
responses centering around two, three, and four people per house.
r.R

Those people who answered a question as to the age of residents
in their home indicated that most were between the ages of 46 and 65
years. There were also many residents less than 25 years of age.
The following is a breakdown of the age and sex of those residents
who responsed to the question.
Populat4on
Age in years
Male
Female
0-25
8
6
26-45
2
3
46-64
8
8
65+
0
0
Work Place
Responses indicated that about 11 percent of the property owners
work in the immediate area of Caswell Beach (2 responses) and about
67 percent work outside the immediate area (12 responses). Three
respondents chose not to answer the question.
Major Problems Facing Caswell Beach
The property owners were asked to list problems they felt
were currently facing Caswell Beach. The most prevalent answers
were erosion, litter, and inadequate police and fire protection.
These three problems comprised 75 percent of the total amount of
responses (24) to this question. Other problems mentioned were
the net fishing property protection, and maintaining low taxes.
Characteristics of Caswell Beach -Desirable and Undesirable
When asked what characteristics made Caswell Beach a desirable
place to live, a majority of the respondents listed. that the town
was quiet, :lean, and non-commercial. Being a family beach and
uncrowded was also significant in making it desirable.
As for undesirable conditions in Caswell Beach, respondents
listed a wide range of items. Erosion, litter, and fishermen with
fishing nets were at the top of the list as the most undesirable
conditions existing in the town. Odor from the fish factory was
also a frequent answer. Other items mentioned included: too many
restrictions, too secluded for safety, parking on the side of the
road, the pump station, and the CP&L cooling canal.
Public Facilities and Services
Property owners were also asked to respond to questions
evaluating facilities and services in the community and financing
mechanisms for future facilities and services. Specifically, they
were asked to rate ten service/facility related items on a scale
of one to -'ive. One was the lowest or worst rating while five
was the highest or best. In general, the ratings for town manage-
59

ment, water prices, building inspection, zoning administration,
fire and police protection were low.. Only refuse service and water
quality were rated high. Recreation, streets, and planning had ratings
near moderate. Below -is a tabular summary -of the responses.,
Item
1
Rating
2 3
4
5
Town Management.
1
3 4
0
3
Water Service -price
5
2 3
1
3
-quality
1
2 1
4
3
Refuse Service
2
2 0
7
6
Recreation
2
1 2
2
2
Building Inspection
2
2 3
1
0
Zoning Administration
5
2 0
1
2
Planning
2
1 2
1
1
Fire Protection
4
3 4
1
0
Police Protection
4
3 5
2
0
Streets
3
1 6
3
2
Asked about additional or improved services they would like to
see, property owners responded that something should be done about
the erosion and litter problems. Improved police protection, however,
was the most prevalent response.
In another question regarding how new public facilities should
be financed (to accommodate future population increases), approximately
44 percent chose user charges/bond financing, 40 percent chose taxes,
and 16 percent chose assessment of property owners.
Future Development
Caswell Beach residents were asked what types of development should
.be encouraged or discouraged. Most respondents agreed that permanent and
seasonal residential, single family dwellings should be encouraged.
Most respondents also agreed that multi -family dwellings, industrial,
commercial, and tourist related businesses should be discouraged.
Duplex development was the only item on which there was disagreement.
,The following is a list of different development types with the per-
centage of responses for encouragement or discouragement. Any per-
centages not accounted for in the table are due to "no response".
Type Encouragement Discouragement
Permanent Residential 94% 0%
Seasonal Residential 89 0
Single Family Dwellings 89 6
Duplexes 28 44
Multi -Family_ Dwellings 17 61
Commercial 11 72
Industrial 6 78
Tourist -Related Business 17 72
M.

Polluted Shellfish Areas
In reference to shellfish areas adjacent to Caswell Beach which were
closed to harvesting because of pollution, property owners were asked what
methods, if any, they would support to clean up these areas and permit
harvesting. A total of 23 responses were given. Of these responses, "pre-
vention of building near wetlands (within 75 feet)" received the most response.
(43 percent of total responses). This was followed by "construction of a sewage
treatment facilitv" (35 percent) and "increase lot size requirements for build-
ing homes" (22 percent). I
Beach Erosion
The rate of beach erosion in Caswell Beach has been established by the
State of North Carolina to be two to four and a half feet per year depending on
the area. The State assumes that buildings on the beach front should last about
30.years and that to accomplish this, a set back from the first line of stable
vegetation of 60-140 feet.(depending on location) is required. Caswell Beach
property owners were asked what they thought of this policy. Almost all of the
respondents felt the policy should remain in effect and ve enforced (16 responses).
Only two respondents felt it should be cancelled, and a few felt that people should
be allowed to build closer to the water, but not be allowed to get federal flood
insurance if they do build closer.
In another question regarding the beach erosion problem, residents were
asked what they would support that the Town of Caswell Beach do to help in
beach renourishing.projects. Fourteen responses -were given for this question.
These responses indicated support for helping to finance a portion fo the project
cost and providing legal access for work (6. responses each). Only two respondents
indicated support for providing areas from which to take sand and places on which
waste soils can be deposited. Others chose not to answer the question.
MAI ranal
Noting that the CP&L cooling water canal"has profoundly affected the
appearance of Caswell Beach, the questionnaire asked property owners what they
favored to be done about the condition. Twenty responses were given. Landscap-
ing the canal pumping station had the highest response rate (55 percent). Next
to landscaping, respondents favored that CP&L switch to cooling towers and
abandon the canal (30 percent). A few favored that the canal station remain the
same..
Beach Ordinance
Property owners -were asked what policies they would favor for a Town beach
ordinance. Responses indicated that residents would definitely not favor a
policy of allowing off -road vehicles on the beach and dunes (17 responses). A
majority of the respondents did favor a policy of establishing a limited number
of access routes to the beach and restricting access along other portions of the
beach (12 responses for, 5 against), and responses were split almost equally
regarding the policy of providing a central parking area for beach visitors (8
responses for, 6 against).
61

Emergency Preparedness
One final question was asked of residents regarding how well prepared
the Town of Caswell Beach was for hurricane evacuation. Seventeen percent
of those who responded felt that it was not well -enough prepared, while
78 percent felt it was well -enough prepared. The remaining percent did
not respond to the question or did not know.
2

B, POLICY STATEMENTS
The Caswell Beach Town Council has adopted the following
policies for dealing with land use planning issues which will
affect the community within the next ten years. These policies
establish a systematic basis by which proposed developments
will be judged. If a proposed project or development would
violate the intent of these policies, action to prevent its
construction will be taken by local, state and federal govern-
ment agencies.
These policies will be used by local officials in their
decision making process to increase the consistency and quality
of their decisions.
Outline
1. RESOURCE PROTECTION
A. Estuarine System
B. Ocean Hazard Areas
C. Natural and Cultural Resoruces
• 2. PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS TO DEVELOPMENT
.
A. Septic Tank Suitability
B. Drainage
C. Bearing Capacity
D. Special Local Development Issues
3. RESOURCE PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT
A. Productive Agricultural and Forest Lands
B. Net Fishing
C. Coastal and Estuarine Waters
D. Existing and Potential Mineral Production Areas
E. Off Road Vehicles
F. Airports
4. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
A. Community Development
B. Commercial Development
C. Industrial Development
D. Tourism
5. PROVISION OF SERVICES TO DEVELOPMENT
• A.
Public
Water Supply
B.
Public
Sewerage System
C.
Solid
Waste Disposal
D.
Rescue
Squad and Fire Protection
E.
Public
School System
F.
Transportation
63

6. GROWTH PATTERNS
A. Compact Growth
B. Provision of Service
C. Segregation of Existing Land Uses
D. Population Growth
E. Land Use Development
F. Housing Types
G. Complaince with Official Plans
1 j
7. CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
64

1. Resource Protection
Caswell Beach will support and enforce through its CAMA
permitting capacity the State Policies and permitted uses in
the Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC's). The State Policy
Statements for AEC's offer protection for Caswell Beach fragile
and significant environmental resources with the CAMA permitting
• procedures. In accordance with those policies set forth in
subchapter 7H of the State CAMA regulations, Caswell Beach adopts
the following policies concerning AEC's in its jurisdiction.
A. The Estuarine System. In recognition of the enormous
economic, social, and biological values the estuarine
system has for -North Carolina, Caswell Beach will promote
conservation and management of the estuarine system as
a whole, which includes the individual AEC's: coastal
wetlands, estuarine waters, public trust areas, and
estuarine shorelines. The significance of the system and
its components is described in this plan under Fragile
Areas.
The management objective for the system shall be to give
highest priority to the protection and coordinated manage-
ment of all the elements as an interrelated group of AEC's,
so as to safeguard and perpetuate their biological, social,
economic, and aesthetic values, and to ensure that any
development which does occur in these AEC's is compatible
with natural characteristics so as to minimize the likeli-
hood of significant loss of private property and public
resources.
In general, permitted land uses in the coastal wetlands,
estuarine waters, and public -trust areas shall be those
which are water dependent. Examples of such uses may
-include: utility easements, docks, boat ramps,
dredging, bridges and bridge approaches, revetments,
bulkheads, culverts, groins, navigational aids, mooring
pilings, navigational channels, simple access channels,
and drainage ditches.
Land uses that are not water dependent shall not be
permitted in coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, and
public trust areas. Examples of uses that are not water
dependent may include: restaurants, residences, apartments,
motels, hotels, trailer parks, private roads, factories,
and parking lots.
Specific policies regarding the individual AEC's of the
estuarine system are stated below. In every instance,
the particular location, use, and design characteristics
shall be in accord with the general use standards for
coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, and public trust
areas as stated in subchapter 7H of the State CAMA
regulations.
65

(1) Coastal Wetlands. Activities in the coastal wetland
areas shall be restricted to those which do not sig-
nificantly affect the unique and delicate balance of
this resource. Suitable land uses include those
giving highest priority to the protection and manage-
ment of coastal wetlands, so as to safeguard and per-
petuate their biological, social, economic, and aesthetic
values and to establish a coordinated management system
capable_of conserving and utilizing coastal wetlands
as a natural resource essential to the functioning of
the entire estuarine system. Highest priority of use
shall be allocated to the conservation of existing
coastal wetlands. Second priority shall be given to
those uses that require water access and cannot function
elsewhere.
Acceptable land uses may include utility easements,
fishing piers, and docks. Unacceptable uses may include,
but would not be limited to, restaurants, businesses,
residences, apartments, motels, hotels, parking lots;
private roads, and highways.
(2) Estuarine Waters. In recognition of the importance of
estuarine waters for the fisheries and related industries
as well as aesthetics, recreation, and education,Caswell
Beach shall promote the conservation and quality of -this
resource. Activities in the estuarine water areas shall
be restricted to those which do not permanently or sig-
nificantly affect the function, cleanliness, salinity,
and circulation of estuarine waters. Suitable land/water
uses include those giving highest priority to the conser-
vation and management of these areas so as to safeguard
and perpetuate their biological, social, economic, and
aesthetic values and to establish a coordinated manage-
ment system capable of conserving and utilizing estuarine
waters in order to maximize their benefits to man and
the estuarine system. Highest priority of use shall be
allocated to the conservation of estuarine waters and
its vital components. Second priority shall be given
to uses that require water access and cannot function
elsewhere.
Appropriate uses may include simple access channels,
structures which prevent erosion, navigation channels,
boat docks, marinas, piers, and mooring pilings.
Caswell Beach, in recognition of the shellfish areas
pollution problem which closes these areas to harvesting,
supports the construction of the Southeast 201 Facilities
Plan

(3) Public Trust Areas. In recognition of certain`land and
water areas in which the public has certain established
rights and which also support valuable commercial and
sports fisheries, have aesthetic value, and are resources
for economic development, Caswell Beach shall protect
these rights and promote the conservation and manage-
ment of public trust areas. Suitable land/water uses
include those which protect public rights for navigation
and recreation and those which preserve and manage the
public trust areas in order to safeguard and perpetuate
their biological, economic, social, and aesthetic value.
In the absence of overriding public benefit, any use
which significantly interferes with the public right
of navigation or other public trust rights which apply
in the area shall not be allowed. Projects which would
directly or indirectly block or impair existing navigation
channels, increase shoreline erosion, deposit spoils
below mean high tide, cause adverse water circulation
patterns, violate water quality standards, or cause
degredation of shellfish waters shall, in general, will
not be allowed.
Uses that may be allowed in public trust areas shall not
be detrimental to the public trust rights and the bio-
logical and physical functions of the estuary.
Examples of such uses include the development of naviga-
.tional channels or drainage ditches, the use of bulkheads
to prevent erosion, the building of piers, docks, or
marinas.
(4) Estuarine Shoreline. CAMA defines the estuarine shoreline
at Caswell Beach as the areas 75 feet landward of the
estuarine waters. Caswell Beach recognizes: (1) the
close association between estuarine shorelines and adjacent
estuarine waters, (2) the influence shoreline development
has on the quality of estuarine life, and (3) the damag-
ing processes of shorefront.erosion and flooding to which
the estuarine shoreline is subject.
Shoreline development has a profound effect on adjacent
estuarine waters. Effluent from poorly placed or func-
tioning septic systems can pollute shellfish areas which
represent much greater economic benefits to the law's
citizens than do the residential uses of estuarine
shoreline areas. In recognition of this fact, Caswell
Beach discourages the use of estuarine shoreline areas
for residential purposes where there is a substantial
chance of pollution occurring.
The natural process of erosion transforms shoreline
areas into public trust areas. It shall be the policy
of Caswell Beach to allow this natural process to occur
if life or structures are not in jeopardy.
Suitable land uses are those compatible with both the
dynamic nature of estuarine shorelines.and the values
of the estuarine system.
67

Residential, recreational, and utility access land uses are
all appropriate —types of use along the estuarine shoreline
provided that:
(1) a substantial chance of pollution occurring
from the development does not exist,
(2) natural barriers to erosion are preserved and
not substantially weakened or eliminated,
(3) the construction of impervious surfaces and
areas not allowing natural drainage is limited
to only that necessary to adequately service
the development,
(4) standards of the North Carolina Sedimentation
Pollution Control Act 1973 are met,
(5) development does not have a significant
adverse impact on estuarine resources,
(6) development does not significantly interfere
with exisitng public rights of access to, or
use of, navigable waters or public resources.
B. Ocean Hazard Areas. In recognition of the critical
nature of ocean hazard areas due to their special
vulnerability to erosion and dynamic processes and
their possible danger to life and property because
of natural forces, Caswell Beach supports the State
Policies for Ocean Hazard Areas in Subchapter 7H
of the State CAMA Regulations. The ocean hazard
area designation for Caswell Beach includes the
AEC's of ocean erodible areas, high hazard flood
areas, and inlet hazard areas. Their significance and
characteristics are described in this plan.under Fragile Areas.
Suitable land uses in ocean hazard areas generally
are those which eliminate unreasonable danger to life
and property and which achieve a balance between the,
financial, safety, and social factors involved in
hazard area development. Ocean shoreline erosion
control activities and dune establishment/stablization
are acceptable types of land uses. Residential and
recreational land uses and parking lots for beach
access are also acceptable types of use in ocean
hazard areas provided that:
(1) Development is set back a minimum of 30 times the
average annual erosion rate from the frontal dune
or first line of vegetation. The total setback
at Caswell Beach is 140 feet from the Yaupon Beach -
Caswell Beach border to the CP&L pumping station and
60 feet from there towards the inlet.
MM

(2) Development does not involve the significant removal
or relocation of frontal dune sand or vegetation
thereon.
(3) Mobile homes are not located within high hazard.flood
areas unless they are within mobile home parks existing
as of June 1, 1979.
(4)
Development is consistent with minimum lot size and
set back requirements established by local regulations.
(5)
Development implements means and methods to mitigate
or minimize adverse impacts of the project.
(6)
Development of growth -inducing public facilities such
as sewers, waterlines, roads, bridges, and erosion
control measures is constructed only in cases where:
(a) national or state interests and public
benefits are clearly overriding factors,
(b) facilities would not exacerbate existing
hazards or damage natural buffers,
(c) facilities would be reasonably safe from
flood and erosion related damage,
(d) facilities do not promote growth and
development in ocean hazard areas.
(7)
Prior to the issuance of any permit for development in
the ocean hazard AEC's, there shall be a written ac-
knowledgement from the applicant that the applicant is
aware of the risks associated with development in this
hazardous area. By granting permits, the Coastal
Resources Commission does not guarantee the safety of
the development and assumes no liability for future
damage to the development.
Caswell Beach, in recognition of their beach erosion
problem and their need for beach renourishment projects,
supports the financing of a portion of the beach re
nourishment project cost, and also supports the pro-
vision of easements for work.
Caswell Beach supports an ordinance concerning the
beach which would prohibit off -road vehicles on the
beach and dunes, provide controlled beach access, and
specified parking areas. Such an ordinance helps con-
trol the erosion problem.
Caswell Beach supports the establishment of any programs
designed to control the littering problems of the Ocean
Hazard Areas.
.•

C. Natural and Cultural Resource Areas. Uncontrolled
or incompatible development may result in major or
irreversible damage to fragile coastal resource
areas which contain environmental, natural, or cul-
tural resources of more than local significance.
In recognition of this,Caswell Beach will seek to
protect such natural systems or cultural resources;
scientific. educational, or associative values; and
aesthetic qualities.
Individual AEC's included in this general category
are: coastal complex natural areas, coastal areas
that sustain remnant species, unique coastal geologic
formations, significant coastal architectural resources,
and significant coastal historic architectural resources.
Their description and significance is found in this
plan under Fragile Areas.
In general, these resources are noted to be valuable
educational, scientific, and aesthetic resources that
cannot be duplicated. They may be important components
i.n a natural system or in the broad patterns of history.
Their importance serves to distinguish the designated
areas as significant in relation to the coastal land
scape and historical architectural and archaeological
remains in the coastal zone.
In accordance with policies stated in subchapter 7N
of the State CAMA regulations, Caswell Beach will
support the following actions regarding these
irreplaceable resources:
(1) Protecti.on of unique habitat conditions that are
necessary to the continued survival of threatened
and endangered native plants and animals and to min-
imize land use impacts that might jeopardize these
conditions.
(2) Protection of the features of a designated coastal
complex natural area in order to safeguard its
biological relationships, educational and scientific
values, and aesthetic qualities. Specific objectives
for each of these functions shall be related to the
following policy statements either singly or in com-
bination:
70

(a) To protect the natural conditions or the sites that
function as key or unique components of coastal systems.
The interactions of various life forms are the fore-
most concern and include sites that are necessary for
the completion of life cycles, areas that function
as links to other wildlife areas (wildlife corridors),
and localities where the links between biological and
physical environments are most fragile.
(b) To protect the identified scientific and educational
values and to ensure that the site will be accessible
for related study purposes.
(c) To protect the values of the designated coastal complex
natural area as expressed by the local government and
citizenry. These values should be related to the
educational a, -id aesthetic qualities of the feature.
(3) Conservation of coastal archaeological resources of
more than local significance to history or prehistory
that constitute important scientific sites, or are
valuable educational, associative, or aesthetic
resources. Specific objectives for each of these
functions shall be related to the following policy
statements either singly or in combination:
(a) to conserve significant archaeological resource,
including their spatial and structural context
and characteristics through in site preservation
or scientific study,
(b) to insure that the designated archaeological
resource, or the information contained therein,
be preserved for and be accessible to the -scien-
tific and educational communities for related
study purposes,
(c) to protect the values of the designated archaeo-
locial resource as expressed by the local
government and citizenry; these values should
be related to the educational, associative or
aesthetic qualities of the resource.
Development may be permitted in'designated fragile
coastal.natural or cultural resource areas provided
that:
71

(1) The proposed design and location will cause
no major or irreversible damage to the stated
values of a particular resource. One or more
of the following values must be considered
depending upon the stated significance of the
resource:
(a) Development shall preserve the .values
of the individual resource as it functions
as a critical component of a natural system.
(b) Development shall not adversely affect.
the values of the resource as a unique
scientific, associative, or educational
resource.
(c) Development shall be consistent with the
aesthetic values of a resource as identi-
fied by the local government and citizenry.
(2) No reasonable alternative sites are available
outside the designated AEC.
(3) Reasonable mitigation measures have been con-
sidered and incorporated into the project plan.
These measures shall include consultation with
recognized authorities and with the Coastal
Resources Commission. -
(4) The project will be of equal or greater public
benefit than those benefits lost or damaged
through development.
2 Physical Constraints to Development
Caswell Beach adopts the following policies
regarding physical constraints to development.
A. Septic Tank Suitability
In comformity with State Health regulations,
growth and development will be discouraged in
areas where septic tanks will not function and
sewer services are not available. R
Some areas of Caswell Beach contain soils which
do not permit adequate percolation necessary
for septic system functioning.. Also, some
areas have high water table which similarily
inhibit septic system functioning. These areas,
as they are delineated on the soil suitability
maps will not be allowed to be developed unless
sewer service is available.
72

B. Drainage
Growth and development will not be.a-llowed where
poor drainage exists. Corrective measures such as
pilings will be required if construction is to -be
done in areas of seasonal water.
Because Caswell Beach lies in the low coastal plain
of the East Coast, flooding.can occassionally result.
In order to minimize damages to developed land in
case of this occurrance, Caswell Beach will discour-
age development in areas of seasonal highwater.
Only developments that cannot be placed in more suit-
able locations may be developedinthese areas. Examples
of permitted uses in these areas are low density residen-
tial uses, and recreational uses. If residential or other
low density "urban uses are to be developed in an area of
seasonal highwater, special building requirements such as
stilts will be necessary.
C. Bearinq Capacit
Growth and development will not be'allowed in areas where
soils will not support buildings.
Where suitable alternative locations exist for a particu-
lar development project, Caswell Beach will discourage
its location in an area where soils will not adequately
support the buildings. If no alternative sites exist,
the project may be constructed if corrective measures to
stabilize the building foundation are incorporated into
the project design.
D. Special Local Development Issues
Existing C.P. &L. - Cooling Water Canal. Caswell Beach,
in recognition of the negative aest etic effect that the
CP&L cooling water canal has had upon the Beach, supports
a program to landscape the canal area.
Caswell Beach feels that any breaks in the canal or any
other canal -related problems are strictly the responsibility
of CP&L.
3. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
Cas.well Beach's natural resources play a vital role in
its economy. Caswell Beach's land is heavily utilized for pri-
vate beach recreational use. Protect -ion of these resources is
a prime concern of Caswell Beach. To deal with issues that
involve resource production and management, Caswell Beach adopts
the following policies:
73

A. Productive Agricultural and Forest Lands.
Caswell Beach contains no productive agricultural
and/or forest lands. Furthermore, there will not
likely be future agricultural and/or forest land
use in Caswell Beach. Therefore, no policy state-
ments concerning this issue will be made.
B. Net Fishing. Although Caswell Beach has a good deal
of net fishing on its beaches, Caswell Beach actively
discourages this activity. Many problems have been
caused 'y the nets conflicting with the beach's rec-
reational activities. Caswell Beach suggests that
a set of rules and regulations for net fishing be
.developed and strictly adhered to. These rules
would protect the rights of the fishermen as well
as the beach front property owners and those using
the beach for recreational purposes.
C. Coastal and Estuarine Waters. Caswell Beach feels
that protection of Coastal and Estuarine Waters is
a prime prerequisite. Habitats for shellfish in
all.portions of their life cycle must be preserved
in order to.maintain fishing as a viable economic
and recreational activity. Therefore, any develop-
ment which will profoundly and adversely affect
Coastal and Estuarine Water will be discouraged.
In the design, construction, and operation of
Coastal and Estuarine development, every effort
must be made to mitigate negative effects on water
quality and fish habitat. These efforts will be
at the owners'or operators' own expense.
D. Existing and Potential Mineral Production Areas.
'Caswell Beach contains very little known mineral
deposits, none of which have ever.been mined.
Sand is the only deposit in abundance. Therefore,
no policy statements concerning this issue will
be made.
E.
Off -Road Vehicles. Caswell
off -road ve icu ar traffic
Shoreline areas of Caswell
of those vehicles involved
operations;
F. Airports. Obviously, no
used or will be used as
Beach is near the County
Residential development
from airport approach zo
of:
Beach discourages any
on the beaches or Estuarine
Beach with the exception
in emergency or rescue
land within Caswell Beach is
an airport. However, Caswell
Airport Approach zones.
.should be kept well away
nes and "runup" areas because
A. Noise
B. Crash hazards
C. Likelihood of industrial growth
near the airport.
74

Since all three of these are likely to exert a detrimental
effect on residences, the Federal Housing Adminsitration
will not insure home mortgages within defined areas around
airports where these factors are present.
4. ECONOMIC AND'COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
A. Community Development. The citizens of Caswell
Beach believe that permanent and seasonal'single
family residential structures should be the most
encouraged type of development within the Town
of Caswell Beach. Of the different types of
residential uses, multi=family and duplexes have
a lower acceptance level than do'the permanent
and single family residential Uses.
B. Commercial Development
Commercial development'is also `di,scouraged on any
part of..Caswell Beach outside 'of'the one existing
area zoned'commercial at the north end of the beach.
C. Industrial Development
Industrial.development of any.type is discouraged
in any area of Caswell_ Beach. This policy is sup-
ported by the Caswell'B'each zoning ordinance.
D. Tourism
C,asweTT Beach regards its quiet and family -oriented
character as an asset and makes it the policy of
Caswell Beach to promote their tourist industry with
si'ngle family seasonal residential 'development only.
Caswell Beach discourages the development of any
tourist related business such as hotels or restuarants.
5. PROVISION OF SERVICES TO DEVELOPMENT
A. Public Water Su 1 Caswell Beach is presently
completely service with water. Caswell Beach will
work to sustain sources, of water'for residential
use as water is necessary for such development.
It is Caswell Beach's responsibility to 'secure
the sources of water for the .public water supply.
The. cost of providing this supply will be.borne
by the.users.
Caswell`Beach presently provides water lines to
all of its residential and commercial properties
and recognizes that it is their responsibility
to continue to provide this service to existing
and all new residential and commercial development
in the future. Individual connections will be
done at the users' or propertyowners' expense.
75

B. Public Sewerage System. Caswell Beach supports
the development and construction of the Southeast
201 Sewage Facilities Plan.
C. Solid Waste Disposal. Caswell Beach recognizes
its role as the provider of solid waste disposal
services for its residents. It is.the policy
of Caswell Beach to have this service provided
in an efficient, safe, and sanitary manner.
In order to carry out this role, adequate means
of final dispasition must always be available.
Caswell Beach presently uses the County's
Southport Landfill on Rt. 211. Caswell Beach
supports the County's participation in regional
landfill.projects so long as adequate landfill
sites are retained, maintained, and guaranteed.
D. Rescue Squad and Fire Protection.. In a sparsely
populated municipality like Caswell Beach, it
is prohibitively expensive to provide fire
protection and rescue services with paid pro-
fessionals.
E. Public School System. Caswell Beach has children
in the Southport School System jurisdiction.
Therefore,Caswell Beach will encourage continued
and expanded multi -purpose use of the Southport
School facilities for recreation and other purposes.
F. Transportation. Because of a lack of any organized
transportation program, Caswell Beach does not pro-
vide transportation for the elderly or handicapped.
However, Caswell Beach encourages the expansion
of such existing programs within Brunswick County.
6. Growth Patterns
A. Compact Growth. Caswell Beach will encourage
existing areas under development to develop
fully before expansion into new areas and new
developments will occur as an expansion from
these fully developed areas.
In addition, Caswell Beach will follow where
applicable a policy that will allow existing
areas under development and areas with public
facilities to fully develop before expanding
into new areas and new development will occur
as an expansion from these fully developed
areas.
B. Provision of Service. Urban growth and develop-
ment will be directed to occur in areas where
adequate services are available or planned.
C. Segregation Of Conflicting Land, -Uses. Spatial..
segregation of conflicting land uses will be
Pnr!auraged
W.

D. Population Growth. Caswell Beach's policy
will be to discourage a large amount of growth
and development and large increases in population.
E. Land Use Development. Low density residential
land use will be the only type of land use that
will be encouragedlin Caswell Beach.
F. Housing Types. Caswell Beach will support.
the development of low density multi -family,
14 permanent residential, seasonal residential,
and low density single family dwellings through
enforcement of the Caswell Beach Zoning Ordinance.
Caswell Beach supports the development of properly
located and planned facilities for mobile homes
as outlined in the Caswell Beach Zoning Ordinance.
It is recognized that mobile homes should be located
in mobile home parks and subdivisions only and
that such areas must be carefully located and de-
signed to meet the needs of the residents and to
achieve a satisfactory relationship to adjoining
and nearby property.
G. Compliance with Official Plans. Caswell Beach
supports the compliance with the following official
plans;
(1) Thoroughfare Plans
When a proposed subdivision includes any
part of a proposed thoroughfare which has been
designated as such in an officially adopted
Thoroughfare Plan for the Town of Caswell Beach,
all parts of such thoroughfare shall be platted
by the subdivider in the location shown on the
Plat and attheright-of-way width specified
in this Ordinance.
(2) Zoning Ordinance
Where a proposed subdivision is located in
an area in which the Town Council of the Town
of Caswell Beach has adopted a zoning ordinance
and zoning map, said subdivision must comply in
all respects with the requirements of the zoning
.ordinance.
77

7. Continuing Public Participation
A. Caswell Beach will encourage its citizens
to become.involved in the land use planning
process.
Caswell Beach realizes an important part
of any planning program is citizen involvement.
In order to provide for this public participation,
Caswell Beach adopts the following public involve-
ment policy.
(1) All land use plan and updates will be done with
public participation.
Cit'zen participation in the land use planning
process will be accomplished by utilizing the
following plan:
1/3 I. Education
A. Newspaper
1 News releases
2. Letters to editors
B. Pamphlets
C. Public meetings
1/3 II. .Input
A. Public meetings
B. Surveys
1. Mail
2. Door to door
3. Telephone
C. Review and Comments
1. Newspaper spread of plan summary
2. Public review meeting
1/3 III. Support
A. Use of education and input properly
B. Public hearing (formal)
R
7

C. POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
In order to carry out the policies which have been adopted by Caswell
Beach, implementation methods are neeeed. These.methods which are
developed are goals and objectives. Goals are ends toward which actions
should be directed; and, objectives are intermediate ends instrumental to
the, achievement of a goal, they are target statements achievable in the
scope of the Land Use Plan. ,
It is important that the Town's officials and citizens support the
goals and objectives enumerated therein. Only then will the Town retain
the character of the policies they have.adopted.
Goals and objectives regarding future land use development are
enumerated on the following pages for the Town of Caswell Beach. Several
strategies are also presented, however, these are not exhaustive of all
possible means of achieving objectives. Other strategies may be identified
by Town officials and citizens. The Policy Statements adopted by the Town
of Caswell Beach are presented in the Policy Statement section of this plan.
In the broadest sense, the goal of the Town of Caswell Beach is to
improve the social, economic, and physical environment of the community as
efficiently as possible. 11i.thin this broadly stated goal, several specific
goals and objectives relating the physical development of the area can be
stated.
79

I. GOAL: Preservation and management of natural resources in the Caswell
Beach planning area.
A. OBJECTIVE: Continue the existing City, Management system of
preserving and managing the natural resources.
Strategies:
Continue to prohibit development in any Area of Environmental
concern which would have a detrimental affect on public trust
waters to the extent that such waters would be -closed to shell-
fish harvesting under standards set by the Commission for Health
Services pursuant of G.S. 130-169. 01 or violate any rules, regu-
lations, or laws of the State of North Carolina or the City of
Caswell Beach and its extraterritorial jurisdiction in which
development takes place.
Continue to enforce the adopted Building Code, Zoning Ordinance,
Subdivision Regulations, and Flood Plan Protection and Management
Ordinance through the Long Beach and Yaupon Beach officials.
Prohibit or restrict development of lands classified Conservation
in the Caswell Beach Planning area.
Develop suitable beach access points in order to protect the ocean-
front dune area from excessive pedestrian and vehicle traffic.
B. OBJECTIVE: Seek to protect wetlands, shellfish areas, surface
and ground waters in Caswell Beach from'contamina-
tion and pollution.
C. OBJECTIVE: The Town will examine beach renourishment alterna-
tives with the intention of utilizing a program in
the near future.
Strategies:
Support construction of and participate in an efficient County -wide
wastewater sewerage and treatment system.
Continue to utilize the Brunswick County solid waste landfill.
Insure that all County and State health regulations are met for all
on -site sewage systems.
II. GOAL: Provide safe and decent housing for all residents and visitors.
A. OBJECTIVE Seek to insure all dwellings are safe and decent for
habitation.
Strategies:
Continue to enforce minimum housing and building codes.
Continue to enforce all ordinances designed to protect homeowners
from natural hazards.

III. GOAL: Accessibility and safety in area transportation.
A. OBJECTIVE: Emphasize safety in the community.
Strate ies:
Enforce all traffic regulations to promote safety on the roads in
Caswell Beach.
4 . Insure that all road hazard areas are clearly marked or corrected.
B. OBJECTIVE: Promote a continuous street improvement and construc-
tion program adequate to serve the community which is
compatible with the existing street system.
Strategies:
. Allocate available budget funds for street maintenance and construction.
Review any new residential development plans and insure that they com-
ply with Subdivision Regulations for transportation facilities.
IV. GOAL: Preservation of the existing character and the aesthetic qualities
of Caswell Beach.
A. OBJECTIVE: Promote the cultural amenities of the community and
involve citizens in the community activities.
B. OBJECTIVE: Preserve the Town's known archeological site and
promote the upkeep of the adjacent Fort Caswell his-
toric site.
C. OBJECTIVE: Maintain and improve aesthetic qualities of Caswell
Beach.
Strateg es_
Discuss landscaping possibilities and methods for the CP&L cooling
canal with CP&L representatives.
Strictly enforce City litter regulations to combat litter problems on
the beach as well as all other parts of the Town.
Maintain and manage all conservation areas for purposes of safety,
recreation, and aesthetics.
V. GOAL: Adequate and efficient public utilities and community facilities,
services, and programs to meet demands.
A. OBJECTIVE: Promote land use development patterns that allow
services and facilities to be reasonably and effi-
ciently provided in the community.

Strategies:
. Encourage development in lands classified as Transition.
B . OBJECTIVE: Research the development of a marina within the
town limits.
0

A
LAND
CLASSIFICATION
s

PART IV
LAND CLASSIFICATION
A. PURPOSE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
B. RELATIONSHIP OF LAND CLASSIFICATION
MAP TO POLICY STATEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
C . LAND CLASSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
1. Developed 87
2. Transition 87
Transition Residential 88
Transition Mixed Use 88
3. Rural 88
4. Conservation 88
D'. LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
mm

A. PURPOSE
The North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act Guidelines
require that each city, town, and county located in the twenty
county coastal areas develop a land classification map class-
.ifying all of the land within a given jurisdiction into one
of five classes and their subclasses. The criteria for the
allocation of land into these categories are explicitly set
" forth in the State Guidelines, and the final adopted land
classification maps for the twenty counties are combined into
a coordinated, consistent expression of local policy at the
large regional scale
to
A land classification system for Caswell Beach has been
developed as a means of assisting in the implementation of
goals, objectives, and policies. By delineating land classes
on a map, local government and its citizens can specify those
areas where certain policies (local, state, and federal) will
apply. Although specific areas are outlined on a land class-
ification map, it is merely a tool to help implement policies
and not a strict regulatory mechanism.
The land classification system provides a framework to be
used by local governments to identify the future use of all
land in the Town. The designation of land classes allows.
the local government to illustrate their policy decisions as
to where and to what density they want growth to occur, and
where natural and cultural resources will be preserved.
The plans also provide the basis for development regulations
and capital facility planning and budgeting.
On a regional scale, the land use plans and the land
classification map are used as the basis for regional plans
and in their function as regional clearinghouse for State
and Federal funding programs.
On a State and Federal level, the local plans are used
as a major component in the granting or denial of permits
for vaious developments in the coastal area. State and
Federal agencies must be certain the plans and decisions
relating to the use of Federal or State funds are consis-
tent with local government policies. Likewise, projects
being undertaken by State and Federal agencies themselves
must be consistent with the local plans.
85

The inclusion of a land area into a land classification
category does-no:t'dictate the type of land use that will be
allowed in a'particular,location. Several of the classes pro-
vide for:.and are designed to encourage .a variety of land uses.
Although, as indicated above, the specific 'requirements
of the land classification system are set forth at the State
level, each jurisdicti'on's land classification map is developed
locally and adopted by the local governing body prior to sub-
mission to the Coastal R esoruces Commission. As a result of
this process, the land classification map represents.a graphic
statement of local government policy with -regard to where,
when and to what densities future'land'development will'be -
encouraged.
The land classification and their subcategories which
appear on the Caswell' Beach Land Cfas'sification Map are defined
as follows:
I. Developed
The purpose of the Developed class is to provide f-or con-
tinued intensive development and redevelopment of existing
cities. To be classified Developed, the area should have
a minimum density of 500,dwell-ings per square mile or.1000
people per square mile provided with usual public services
including at least water, sewer, recreational facilities,
police and fire protection. This category does not apply
to Caswell Beach.
2. Transition
The purpose of the Transition class is to provideJor
future intensive urban development within the ensuing ten
years on lands that are most suitable and that will be scheuTed
for provision of necessary public utilities and services.
The Transition lands also provide for additional growth when
additional lands in the deveToped class are not available or
when they are Beverly limited for development.
The Developed and Transition classes'should be the only
lands under active consideration by'the county or municipality
for intensive urban development requiring urban services.
The area within these classes is where detailed local land
use and public investment planning must occur. State and
Federal expenditures on projects associated with urban develop-
ment (water, sewer, urban street systems, etc.) will be guided
to these areas. The'Transition class is divided into two types
of use: Transition Residential and Transition Mixed Use.

A. Transition Residential includes the areas with partial municipal
facilities provided usually adjacent to developed residential areas.
Only residential use is encouraged in these areas.
B. Transition Mixed Use includes those areas provided with partial
municipal services, yet more suitable for a wide range of activity
including commercial, recreational, office, and institutional uses,
often because of its location to main traffic arteries.
3. Rural
The purpose of the Rural class is to provide for agriculture, forest
management, mineral extraction and other low intensity uses. Residences may
be located within "Rural" areas where urban services are not required and
where natural resources will not be permanently impaired. This class does
not apply to Caswell Beach.
4. Conservation
The purpose of the Conservation class is to provide for effective long
term management of significant limited or irreplaceable areas. This manage-
ment may be needed because of its natural, cultural, recreational, productive
or scenic values. These areas should not be identified as transition lands in
the future.
The Conservation class is applied to lands that contain: major wetlands;
essentially undeveloped shorelands that are unique, fragile, or hazardous for
development; necessary wildlife habitat or areas that have a high probability
for providing necessary habitat conditions; publicly owned water -supply, water-
sheds and aquifers; and forest lands that are undeveloped and will remain unde-
veloped for commercial purposes.
The Conservation class within Caswell Beach would also allow for the
development of a marina and the associated piers following acquisition of required
CAMA Permits. The area presently under consideration for a marina is the area
north of the Oak Island golf course greens.
The projected permanent and seasonal population for Caswell Beach in 1990
is the primary input used in the preparation of the land classification map.
The Transition class allocation are all directly related to the expected. popula-
tion level in 1990. The Conservation category is the only class which is in no
way related to population, but is allocated based on completely independent cri-
teria.
A. Conservation/Utility Access: The purpose of this class is to provide
ingress and egress to navigational waters for utilities. Lands in this category
would be maintained in their natural state and would otherwise be classified
Conservation. For Caswell Beach, the CP&L cooling canal is classified Conserva�
tion/Utility Access.

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