2009 CAMA Land Use Plan Update-2010

Caswell Beach
CAMA Land Use Plan
as approved by the
Coastal Resources Commission at their
May 19, 2010 meeting
Prepared by: Cape Fear Council of Governments
Ct',L; iFi:,hrl E NF;

Town of Caswell Beach
Town d
Caswell Beach
1975
2009 CAMA Land Use Plan Update
as approved by the Coastal Resources Commission at their
May 19th, 2010 meeting
Funding Acknowledgement
The preparation of this document was financed, in part, through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

The Town of Caswell Beach 2009 Land Use Plan Update
Town of Caswell Beach
1100 Caswell Beach Road
Caswell Beach, NC 28465-8437
Ph: 910-278-5471 Fax: [phone]
www.caswellbeach.or
Town Council (Board of Commissioners)
Harry Q. Simmons, Mayor
Deborah G. Ahlers. Mayor Pro -Tern
George F. Kassler
Robert L. Shirkey
Martha J. Hardy
James D. Griffin
PlanninV_Board
Robert R. Wyatt (Chairman)
James F. Hinkhouse
Jerry A Johnson
Thomas Kitchings III
David L. Weigel
John W. Bartholomew (alternate)
William F. Tiernan (alternate)
Town Administrator
James E. `Jim" Carter
[e-mail]
Town Clerk
Linda C. Bethune, CMC
[e-mail]�

North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Coastal Management http://www.nccoastalmanagement.net/
Wilmington District
Serves Brunswick, New Hanover and Pender counties,
Onslow County south of the New River, and Topsail Island
District Planner
Mike Christenbury
[e-mail]
COUNCU. OF
Technical Assistance Provided By:
Cape Fear Council of Governments
1480 Harbour Drive
Wilmington, NC 28401 -
Ph: 910-395-4553 Fax: [phone]
www.capefearcog.org
Scott Logel, AICP, Planner -in -Charge
slo e� [e-mail]

Table of Contents
Phase I of the CAMA Land Use Plan:
Section 1. Executive Summary, Introduction to CAMA, and Public Involvement
1.1 Executive Summary .....................................................................................................................i-xii
1.2 Introduction to the CAMA Land Use Plan Process...........................................................2
1.3 The Town's Strategic Plan and The Function and Utility of the Land Use Plan ........3
1.4 The CAMA Permit Process.......................................................................................................4
1.5 Public Involvement..................................................................................................................... 6
1.5.1 Citizen Participation Plan (Appendix I)..................................................................7
Section 2. Caswell Beach Community Issues and Vision............................................................8
2.1 Growth Related Concerns and Goals................................................................................ 8
2.2 Key Planning Issues Impacting Caswell Beach................................................................ 8
2.2.1 General Issues Identified.............................................................................................9
2.2.2 Priority Issues and Goals............................................................................................ 9
2.2.3 Key Goals of CAMA to be Integrated With Town Goals..................................9
2.3 Vision Statement......................................................................................................................10
Section 3. Analysis of Trends and Emerging Conditions............................................................12
Population, Housing and Economy
3.1. Population Characteristics and Trends..............................:.................................................12
3.1.11 Current Seasonal Population Estimates...............................................................16
Peak Seasonal Population Estimate by Housing Unit......................................16
Peak Seasonal Population Estimate by Water Consumption ........................17
Day -trip Visitors........................................................................................................18
3.1.0 Population Projections.............................................................................................20
3.2 Housing Characteristics and Trends in Caswell Beach...................................................21
3.3 Local Economy........................................................................................................................... 26
Table of Contents

Brunswick County Economy................................................................................................. 26
Section 4. Natural Systems Analysis..................................................................................................28
4.1 Defining Natural Features and Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC) ...................29
1) Coastal Wetland AEC..........................................................................................................29
2) Inlet Hazard Area AEC.......................................................................................................29
3) Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shoreline AEC..........................................................30
4) Ocean Erodible Area Setback AEC.................................................................................. 31
5) Un-vegetated Beach Area AEC..........................................................................................32
6) High Hazard Flood Areas AEC......................................................................................... 32
7) Public Trust Areas AEC...................................................................................................... 33
4.1.1 Additional Natural Features and Environmental Conditions...................................33
8) Water Quality Classifications.......................:..................................................................33
Regulations over SA Waters..............................................................................33
Caswell Beach Stormwater Quality Management and
DischargeControl.......................................................................................34
Water Quality in Caswell Beach.......................................................................34
9) Special Flood Hazard Areas...............................................................................................35
10) Hurricane Storm Surge Inundation................................................................................37
11) Non -coastal Wetlands (North Carolina CREWS).....................................................38
12) Fish Nursery Areas..............................................................................................................39
13) Environmentally Fragile Areas.........................................................................................40
14) Closed Shellfishing Areas..................................................................................................40
15) Soils.........................................................................................................................................40
4.2 Natural Features and Environmental Conditions Inventory ..........................................41
4.3 The Environmental Composite Map....................................................................................43
4.4 Land Suitability Analysis.........................................................................................................44
Section 5. Analysis of Land Use and Development......................................................................46
Introduction............................................................................................................................... 46
Definition of Land Use Related Terms................................................................................47
Source of Existing Land Use Analysis and Map................................................................48
Creation of the Existing Land Use Map..............................................................................48
5.1 Existing Land Use in the Planning jurisdiction..............................................I...................49
Land Uses Identified in the Planning jurisdiction............................................................50
Existing Land Use in Key Areas Adjacent to the Planning jurisdiction .....................52
Table of Contents

5.2 "Vacant" and "Wastewater Utility" Use Lots by Zoning District................................52
VacantParcels............................................................................................................................52
Wastewater Utility Parcels....................................................................................................54
Existing Zoning for Parcels Classified as "Likely Undevelopable"
onExisting Land Use Map..................................................................................................55
Existing Zoning Designation of the Portion of the Oak Island Golf Course
in the Town of Oak Island Planning jurisdiction..........................................................55
5.3 Identification of Significant Existing Land Use Effects on
SurfaceWater Quality.............................................................................................................56
5.4 Identification of Land Use Conflicts with Class III Areas on the
Environmental Composite Map and Areas Described in the
Natural Systems Analysis Section.........................................................................................57
5.5 Projection of Future Land Needs...........................................................................................58
Section 6. Analysis of Community Facilities................................:..............................................59
6.1 Water Supply System Status and Trends............................................................................60
Caswell Beach Water Use Statistics.....................................................................................60
County Water System Evaluation.,.... ... .............. 63
Scheduled County Water System Imr..............64
6.2 Wastewater System................................................................................................................. 65
Status of Existing Wastewater Infrastructure...................................................................65
Planned Town -wide Central Sewer......................................................................................66
Reuse of Treated Wastewater................................................................................................67
6.3 Stormwater Systems.................................................................................................................67
Stormwater Management Plan............................................................................................... 67
Stormwater Ordinance.............................................................................................................70
NPDES Phase II Coastal Stormwater Rules........................................................................70
Optional Universal Stormwater Management Program(USMP).................................71
6.4 Transportation Systems..........................................................................................................72
Existing Road Infrastructure..................................................................................................72
TrafficCounts....................................................................................................... .................72
Traffic Counts in Areas Surrounding Caswell Beach.......................................................74
Planned or Needed Improvements in Town jurisdiction................................................75
Planned or Needed Improvements in Areas Surrounding Town...................................75
6.5 Public Access Facilities and Public Beach...........................................................................76
Status of Public Access.............................................................................................................76
Table of Contents

Status of Public Beach Strand.................................................................................................77
Planned 50 Year Beach Nourishment Project.....................................................................78
Section 7. Evaluation of 1997 Land Use Plan Update.....................................................................79
7.1 Introduction: Assessment of the 1997 Land Use Plan Policy Effectiveness and
Implementation.............................................................................................. 79
7.2 The 1997 Policies........................................................................................................................80
7.3 1997 Vision Statement.............................................................................................................. 89
7.4 1997 Future Land Classification System..............................................................................90
7.5 Summary of Town Implementation and Consistency With 1997 Land Use
PlanPolicies................................................................................................................................ 90
Phase II of the CAMA Land Use Plan:
Section 8. Plan For The Future -
Goals and Policy Statements for the Town of Caswell Beach.................................92
8.1 Land Use and Development related Goals of the Town ................................................. 92
8.2 Definitions of Action and Descriptive Words Used in Policies ................................... 93
8.3 Policy Section Introduction and the Town of Caswell Beach Policy Statements ... 94
I. Management Topic: Land Use Compatibility.......................................................... 96
II. Management Topic: Infrastructure.............................................................................103
II. Management Topic: Public Access.............................................................................106
III. Management Topic: Surface Water Quality.............................................................109
IV. Management Topic: Natural Hazards Mitigation..................................................112
Section 9: Future Land Use Classification Map and Standards.................................................116
9.1 Future Land Use Classification Area Development Standards Table .......................116
9.2 Description of Existing and Future Development Characteristics in the
ClassificationAreas................................................................................................................119
1. "Residential Low Density"................................................................................................119
2. "Residential Medium Density...........................................................................................120
3. "Residential Medium -High Density................................................................................121
4. "Residential High Density"...............................................................................................122
5. "Commercial-Recreation"..................................................................................................123
6. "Conservation".....................................................................................................................124
Table of Contents

Section 10: Tools for Managing Development.................................................................................125
10.1 Role and Status of the Plan...................................................................................................125
10.1.1 Intended Uses of the Plan...................................................................................125
10.1.2 Amendment of the Land Use Plan....................................................................127
10.2 Staff Flow Chart for Determining Consistency of Development Proposals and
OrdinanceAmendments.......................................................................................................127
10.3 Existing Development Program..........................................................................................128
10.4 Existing Development Program in Implementing the Policies and Goals of the
LandUse Plan..........................................................................................................................129
10.5 Additional Tools for Managing Development.................................................................129
10.6 Action Schedule.......................................................................................................................130
Section11: Conclusion...........................................................................................................................132
List of Tables
Table 1: Population Change from 1990 to 2004...........................................................................12
Table 2: Population Growth Comparison for NC "Municipalities with a Beach"
1990-2005..............................................................................................................................13
Table 3: Population Demographics Comparison of All North Carolina "Municipalities
with Beaches" from Census 2000.................................. :..................................................
14
Table 4: Median Age in Caswell Beach and Nearby Municipalities 1990-2000..................15
Table 5: Population by Age in Caswell Beach 1990-2000.........................................................15
Table 6: Water Usage in Peak Season Versus Usage in Off-Season.......................................IS
Table 7: Type of Housing Unit Comparison For All North Carolina "Municipalities
witha Beach"........................................................................................................................22
Table 8: Housing Occupancy Comparison For All North Carolina Municipalities with
"Beach Strand".....................................................................................................................23
Table 9: Median Year Built, Tenure, Number of Rooms, and Value Comparison of All
North Carolina Municipalities with "Beach Strand" .................................................
24
Table 10: Caswell Beach Building Permit Data from 2000-September 2006 .......................25
Table 11: Brunswick County Tourism Revenue (1990-2004)..................................................27
Table 12: Top 10 Tourism Revenue Generating Counties in 2004..........................................27
Table 13: Number of Lots and Structure Value in VE Flood Zone..........................................32
Table 14: Number of Lots in SFHA Flood Zones........................................................................36
Table 15: NFIP Claims and Payments Among North Carolina Municipalities
witha Beach........................................................................................................................37
Table 16: Natural Features Inventory .............................................................................................41
Table 17: Planning Jurisdiction Characteristics for Geography,
Hydrography, and Parcels...............................................................................................
49
Table IS: Existing Land -Use in the Planning Jurisdiction........................................................51
Table 19: "Vacant" Lots by Zoning District..................................................................................52
Table of Contents

List of Tables Continued
Table 20: "Wastewater Utility" Lots by Zoning District.........................................................55
Table 21: Water Consumption in the "High-Season"................................................................61
Table 22: Water Consumption in the "Low-Season".................................................................62
Table 23: Annual Average Day Water Use Estimates................................................................63
Table 24: Road Sections Considered At or Over Capacity Based on 2005 AADTs............ 74
Table 25: Consistency, Implementation and Effectiveness of the 1997 Land Use
PlanPolicies........................................................................................................................81
Table 26: Future Land Use Classification Area Development Standards Table .................117
Table 27: Existing Development Program.....................................................................................128
Table 28: Schedule for Implementing Additional Management Tools..................................129
Table 29: Action Schedule................................................................................................................131
Appendix
Appendix I:
Appendix II:
Appendix III:
Appendix IV:
Map Appendix
Citizen Participation Plan...................................................................134
County Water System Master Plan
Program of Construction Table..........................................................143
Policy Impact Analysis Table..............................................................144
Existing Development Program in Implementing the Policies
and Goals of the Land Use Plan.........................................................151
Map 1: Areas of Environmental Concern Map
Map 2: Water Quality Map
Map 3: Soils with Septic Systems Limitations Map
Map 4: Special Flood Hazard Areas Map
Map 5: Storm Surge Inundation Map
Map 6: North Carolina CREWS Wetland Areas Map
Map 7: Fish Nursery and Natural Heritage Areas Map
Map 8: Environmental Composite Map
Map 9: Existing Land Use Map
Map 10: Land Suitability Analysis Map
Map 11: Community Facilities Map
Map 12: Future Land Use Classification Map
Map 13: Shellfish Growing Areas Map

Guide for Planning and &t Special Issues Committee Review of the Core Land Use Plan
Town of Caswell Beach
Organization of the Plan. If document does not follow the outline of Rules, a matrix shall
be included showing the exact location of required elements.
Community Concerns and Aspirations: Key issues &r Vision statement:
Analysis of Existing and Emerging Conditions within the planning jurisdiction.
Population, Housing, and EconomX. Including 5 -10 - 20 year) projections.
Natural systems analysis.
o Mapping and analysis of natural features.
o Composite map of environmental conditions: Breaks community into 3 classes of
developability based on environmental conditions.
o Description of Environmental conditions:
Analysis of Land Use and Development: Existing Land Use Map
o Analysis of conflicts, trends, and areas expected to grow within next 5 years and areas
of any potential conflicts w/composite map.
o Projections of future land needs. Short term (5-10-20 year) projections population &t land
needs. May be increased up to 50%. Low or no growth projections of land needs may
consider economic strategies.
Analysis of Community Facilities. Existing/planned capacity, location, &r adequacy of key
facilities that serve community's existing/planned population and economic base including:
o Public and private water supply and wastewater systems.
o Transportation systems.
o Stormwater systems &r other systems &r services
Land Suitability Analysis &r Map
Review of Current CAMA Land Use Plan.
Plan for the Future: Land use and development goals &z Policies
Land Use Plan Management Topics
Page (s)
Page 8-11
Section 3
Page 12-27
Pg 43 &r Map 8
Page 43
Section 3.4
Page 57
Page 58
Page 59
Page 60-67
Page 79-91
Public Access: Goal: Maximize public access/ Objective: Access opportunities for the public Page 106-108
Requirements: Establish local criteria for frequency and type of access facilities &z criteria foi
areas targeted for beach nourishment.
Land Use Compatibility: Goal: Ensure development/use of resources or preservation minimizeE
direct &z secondary environmental impacts, avoids risks to public health, safety &z welfare &t i,,
consistent w/capability of the land based on considerations of interactions of natural &r manmade
features.
Objective: Policies balancing protection of natural resources/fragile areas w/economic
development; provides clear direction for local decision -making, consistency findings for zoning.
divisions of land, &r projects.
Requirements: Establish building intensity Est density criteria for each land use designation on the FLUE
Map; Establish local mitigation criteria and concepts.
Infrastructure Carrying Capacity: Goal: Ensure public infrastructure systems are appropriately
sized; located &z managed so quality &z productivity of AECs/fragile areas are protected of
restored.
o Objective: Establish level of service
w/Projections of Future Land Needs.
o Requirements: Identify/establish service
w/existing and planned infrastructure.
policies/criteria for infrastructure consistent
area boundaries; Correlate FLUPM categorieE
Page 96-102
Page 103-105

Natural Hazard Areas: Goal: Conserve/maintain barrier dunes, beaches, flood plains, &t other
coastal features for natural storm functions &z their natural resources w/recognition to public
health, safety, and welfare issues.
' o Objective: minimize threats to life, property, &r natural resources from development
located in/adjacent to hazard areas.
o Requirements: density/intensity criteria for new/existing development &r redevelopment
including public facilities and infrastructure to better avoid or w/stand natural hazards.
Correlate existing and planned development with existing and planned evacuation
infrastructure.
Water Quality: Goal: Maintain/protect where possible enhance WQ in all coastal wetlands.
rivers, streams &r estuaries.
o Objective: help ensure that WQ is maintained if not impaired &z improved if impaired.
o Requirements: Policies that help prevent or control nonpoint source discharges; policieE
&c land use categories aimed at protecting open shellfishing waters/restoring closed of
conditionally closed.
Local Areas of Concern: Goal: Integrate local concerns with the overall goals of CAMA.
o Requirements: Evaluate local concerns and issues for the development of goals, policies
and implementation strategies.
Future land use map. Depicts policies application for growth and development, desired future pattern:
of land use/development with consideration given to natural system constraints & infrastructure policies
Shall include at a minimum:
0 14-digit hydrological units encompassed by the planning area;
o areas/locations planned for conservation/open space w/description of compatible uses
o areas/locations planned for future growth/development w/descriptions of:
' o predominant &z supporting land uses that are encouraged in each area;
o overall density/development intensity planned for each area;
o areas for infill, preservation, and redevelopment;
o existing/planned infrastructure, including major roads, water, and sewer.
Tools for Managing Development. (initial five-year action plan for implementation)
o Guide for land use decision -making
o Existingdevelopment evelopment program. This description of community's approach to coordinating these
codes and rules to implement the LUR
Policy Impact Analysis
o Contain description of type/extent of analysis to determine the impact of Plan policies on
management topics; both positive &z negative; description of policies/methods/programs
&z processes to mitigate negative impacts on applicable management topics.
o If local policies exceed the State and Federal requirements, such policies must be
identified &t to what extent. If the local body intends to rely on Federal/State laws &a
regulations it shall reference in the plan.
❖ If development patterns/uses are not consistent w/natural systems analysis, or the LSA.
then includes description of steps local government will take to mitigate the impacts.
❖ Include estimate/cost of any facilities or services that shall be extended or developed.
❖ Amount of land allocated to various uses shall be calculated and compared to the
projection of land needs. The amount of land area thus allocated to various uses may not
exceed projected needs; except for slow growth communities.
Page 112-115
Page 109-111 1
Page 116-124'
Man 12
Page 125-132 1
Appendix III
144-150

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Phase I of the CAMA Land Use Plan:
Section 1. Executive Summary, Introduction to CAMA, and Public Involvement
1.1 Executive Summary
The purpose of the executive summary is to provide a brief overview of the main facts, figures,
policies, and recommendations found within the Town of Caswell Beach Land Use Plan. See
Sections 10.1 through 10.2.
Background on the Land Use Plan Process
The Town began the update of their Land Use Plan in August of 2006 under the guidance of the
Town Planning Board, Town Administrator and planning consultant. The Plan was conducted
through funding provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Division of
Coastal Management and the Town of Caswell Beach. The Plan follows and adheres to the local
government planning guidelines as required under the North Carolina Coastal Area Management
Act (CAMA).
The first step in creating the Land Use Plan was to evaluate the growth in land use and
development over the past ten years. The evaluation included the identification of any impacts to
the quality of life, property values, public safety, environment, and infrastructure of the community.
The impacts identified included both those from past development as well as any potential impacts
anticipated from future development. The second step in creating the Land Use Plan was to
determine the mechanisms needed to best manage or resolve those impacts. Those mechanisms
make up the Town's development management program, which includes:
1. Ordinances and regulations establishing the standards and practices required of
development (e.g. zoning ordinance, stormwater ordinance, state and federal laws,
etc).
2. Official Town plans that evaluate a problem or issue and establish a recommended set
of actions to resolve the issue (e.g. Strategic Plan, Beach Preservation Plan, Land Use
Plan, etc.).
3. Town programs or services that are intended to aid in mitigating or managing the
impacts of development (e.g. utilities provision and maintenance, and capital
improvement programs to set budgeting priorities for needed infrastructure).
4. Official Town policy statements that are to provide overall guidance in the decision
making process when making revisions, updates and/or additions to the Town's
development management program.
Evaluation of Growth in Land Use and Development
Caswell Beach was incorporated in 1975. The first Census for the Town was in 1980, and showed the
population to be 110. More recently, Caswell Beach has increased notably from its 1990 population
level in terms of relative percent growth and given the limited developable area of the Town (a gross
of approximately 360 acres). Caswell Beach has seen the same increased growth and development as
many, if not all, of the municipalities with a beach in southeastern North Carolina. This growth is
due to many factors, including relatively new road networks such as I-40 making the area more
accessible, the retiring baby boom population seeking warmer climates and lower priced housing,
and a general increase in economic and disposable income levels which has allowed for

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
more tourism and the construction of second or vacation homes. The population has grown from
175 in 1990 to an estimated 461 in 2005, which is 163%. The growth rate between the years 2000
and 2005 was 25%, which ranked 3rd highest when compared with all 20 municipalities with a
beach strand in North Carolina for the same time period. However, as the Town has reached near
build -out and intends to prohibit redevelopment at higher densities, the Town population is
expected to remain steady over the next ten years.
Much of the inland portion of Caswell Beach was developed between 1990 and today, which
accounted for most of the population growth in Town. The majority of the "inland" development is
occupied by permanent year-round residences in a mix of single-family, duplex and multi -family
structures. The total housing stock in Town is a near equal share among multi -family to single-
family dwellings (46% to 44%), and the remaining 10% is duplex. The average residential density
varies in the different areas of Town, but is typically 2.2 to 5.4 dwelling units per acre for the single-
family areas, up to 6 units per acre to a high of 19 units per acre (Oak Island Beach Villas) in multi-
family areas.
Many beachfront single-family dwellings, as well as some beachfront and inland multifamily
dwellings, continue to be primarily used as housing for the seasonal population, which is estimated
to boost the Town population to 1,600 to 2,200 in the summer. Land use in Caswell Beach is nearly
entirely residential -oriented, with the exception of approximately 25% of the developable
jurisdiction being used as a golf course commercial -recreation use. The existing golf course area is a
highly valued asset to the Town's residential character and quality of life, and the Town strongly
desires the golf course be continued to be used in its existing state. There are no traditional
commercial -type businesses located in the Town of Caswell Beach.
The geography of Caswell Beach is essentially a low-lying coastal landmass (sea level to 20-25 feet)
on the eastern tip of a barrier island known as "Oak Island". The Town is bounded by coastal
wetlands and estuarine waters to the north and east, the Atlantic Ocean to the south, and the
jurisdiction of the Town Oak Island to the west. Much of the Town's approximately 2,600 acre
jurisdiction consists of undevelopable and environmentally sensitive coastal wetlands (1,425 acres)
and estuarine waters, spoil islands and unvegetated beach (815 acres). The remaining 360 acres of
"land area" in the jurisdiction is above the mean high water line and generally developable.
However, given the Town's low elevation, location on a barrier island, and proximity to the ocean
and other tidal waters, there are significant limitations to the scale and location of development due
to an increased risk from erosion, storm surge and flooding.
Erosion is a well -documented issue in Caswell Beach, annual reports and updates to the Town's
Beach Preservation Plan keep measurements on berm width to monitor erosion. The official Town
erosion rate maps regulating building setbacks shows the erosion rate along the beach strand varies
from 2 feet a year along the eastern stretch of beach to 5.5 feet in the western portion. According to
storm surge modeling, the entire Town is expected to be inundated during a Category 4 or 5
Hurricane. 83% of the total "land area" in the planning jurisdiction is likely to be inundated during a
Category 1 or 2 hurricane and 98% in a Category 3 hurricane. According to the 2006 NC Floodplain
Mapping Program data, 82% of the Town "land area" is within either the VE or AE 100-year flood
zone. The VE zone accounts for a little over 21% of that total. The AE zone encompasses 218 acres
or 61% of the 360 acres of "land area" in the jurisdiction.
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase I Section 1: Executive Summary

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Past and continued impacts to local surface waters also presents a limiting factor in the types and
scales of development that are appropriate in Caswell Beach without increased standards for
containing and treating stormwater runoff from both new and existing development. Within the
planning jurisdiction of Caswell Beach, all estuarine waters are classified closed to shellfishing.
According to the 2005 Cape Fear River Basin Water Quality Plan, several creeks and waterbodies
within or intersecting the Town of Caswell Beach planning jurisdiction are impaired (i.e. closed) to
shellfish harvesting and will be placed on the state's 303 (d) list of impaired waters. Those creeks
and waterbodies include Dutchman Creek, Elizabeth River, Molasses Creek, Coward Creek, Dennis
Creek, and Piney Point Creek.
Due to the relatively small population, geographic size and location of Caswell Beach, community
infrastructure needs and demands are on a smaller scale as compared with other jurisdictions. The
Town owns and operates a potable water distribution system, but purchases all of its water supply
from Brunswick County and its water treatment and storage plants. The peak demand for water
supply over the last seven years has averaged approximately .240 million gallons per day, while the
low off-season demand has averaged .059 million gallons per day. Water use data has shown that
water consumption has fluctuated up and down over the last seven years, and has not necessarily
followed a steady or fast increasing pattern. However, growth and development has caused water
pressure deficiencies in many areas of the Town, and there is a need to resolve such issues to
preserve fire fighting capabilities and residential quality of life.
Nearly two-thirds of the current residential wastewater generated in Caswell Beach comes from the
mix of single-family, multi -family and duplex residential developments occupying the interior or
inland portion of Caswell Beach. Those developments include Caswell Dunes, the Arboretum and
Ocean Greens. Wastewater from those developments is currently treated at two separate privately
owned and operated package treatment plants. Wastewater generated by developments along
Caswell Beach Road and the oceanfront is treated on -site by private individual septic systems. The
Oak Island Beach Villa development is served by the Town of Oak Island wastewater treatment
system. The Town of Caswell Beach has been awarded a grant from the Clean Water Management
Trust Fund to decommission the existing private wastewater treatment systems and to construct a
sewer system. The sewer system will serve all existing and future developments within the Town
jurisdiction, and will send wastewater to treatment and discharge sites outside the Town
jurisdiction. The sewer system (including lines and pumps) will be designed by Caswell Beach to
be at the minimum size needed to handle current wastewater levels and to allow build -out of
remaining platted properties. The limited design size of the sewer system will be a management
measure to ensure that redevelopment to higher densities would not be feasible or allowable
without substantial system upgrades. The Town plans to have the sewer system designed and built
well within the five to ten year planning period of the Land Use Plan.
As part of protecting and improving surface water quality and mitigating flood potential, the need
for increasing stormwater management has also been identified as an emerging issue in Caswell
Beach. The Town is currently conducting a stormwater master plan with the intended purpose of
developing recommendations and funding scenarios for upgrading and improving the Town
stormwater drainage and management system. The stormwater master plan will also recommend
needed additions and amendments to the Town stormwater ordinance to incorporate NPDES Phase
II rules, permeable pavement provisions, and the potential for utilizing decommissioned septic
systems as stormwater retention/detention devices.
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase I Section 1: Executive Summary iii

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Mechanisms to Manage Impacts from Growth in Land Use and Development
The Town's evaluation of growth in land use and development trends, and its identification of
issues and impacts associated with such development, provided the basis for the establishment of:
1. A community vision statement;
2. A set of development -related policy statements;
3. A growth map and development standards table for future land use, development and
redevelopment; and
4. A schedule of recommended actions to make the Town's existing development management
program consistent with the vision statement, the policy statements and the future land use
and development standards established under the Land Use Plan.
1. The vision statement was established during the beginning of the Land Use Plan process and
provided the overall tone and direction for the Land Use Plan. The vision statement follows:
"The vision of the Town of Caswell Beach is one of a viable residential community having
the foresight, resources and will to meet new challenges and opportunities in
accomplishing its mission. The Town is proud of its unique residential character, its natural
assets and quality of life, and these will continue to be of paramount importance. Caswell
Beach will provide cost-effective and timely services. Caswell Beach will endeavor to be a
friendly, cohesive, community -spirited town in which the residents work together. Caswell
Beach will continue to practice mutually beneficial relationships with local, state and
federal governing bodies. These in combination will achieve the desired quality of life".
2. Policy statements were established under the Land Use Plan to respond to the existing and
potential impacts identified during the evaluation of growth in land use and development. The
policy statements are designed to address specific issues, and provide overall guidance for official
Town decisions and actions so that those decisions and actions further the management or
resolution of impacts associated with land use and development. All Town policies in the Land Use
Plan are consistent with the minimum standards of the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA).
Town policies # 2 and #7 exceed CAMA minimum standards. The following policies are numbered
according to their order in Section 8 of the Land Use Plan. Some of the key policy statements for
the Town include:
1. Areas of Environmental Concern in General
Policy (a): The Town supports the protection of Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs)
designated under the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) in 15A NCAC
'Subchapter 7H. The Town shall seek the full enforcement of state, federal and local
regulations regarding AECs.
Policy (b): Areas of Environmental Concern are designated as "Conservation" on the Town's
Future Land Use Map and are subject to stricter development review and regulation
as outlined in the Town's Conservation Zoning District and in the standards for
floodway and shoreline protection in the Town's Stormwater Ordinance.
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2. Development of Sound and Estuarine Islands
Policy: Caswell Beach opposes any construction on sound or estuarine islands.
7. Bulkhead Construction Policy: Caswell Beach supports the CRC/CAMA provisions regarding
construction of bulkheads.
11. Density of New Development and Redevelopment
Policy (a): Town policy is to strictly limit the density of new development and redevelopment
to preserve the overall existing ratio of single-family, attached single-family and
multi -family.
Policy (b): Redevelopment of existing structures to higher densities (more dwelling units per
individual structure) will be discouraged in areas permitting multi -family and
attached single-family structures, and will be prohibited in areas where single-
family is the only allowable use.
12. Commercial and Industrial Development
Policy: The Town opposes any new'commercial or industrial related development activity
in its planning jurisdiction. However, the existing commercial activity associated
with the existing golf course (including clubhouse restaurant, driving -range and
recreational 18-hole golf -course) is desired to be continued in its full present use.
13. Preservation of Existing 18-Hole Golf Course
Policy (a): The Town opposes the redevelopment of the existing 18-hole golf course to any
other use. The Town will work with the Town of Oak Island on the preservation of
the golf course.
Policy (b): The Town shall seek methods to preserve the long-term continuation of the 18-hole
golf course.
15. Annexation and Planning Authority Extension
Policy (a): Caswell Beach will be receptive to annexations and establishment of extraterritorial
planning jurisdictions, which are considered beneficial to the Town.
Policy (b): The Town will establish ETJ authority and/or annex the "Baptist Assembly Area"
property if ownership or exclusive use of said property is transferred from the North
Carolina Baptist State Convention in accordance with Session Law HB 1277.
Policy (c): The Town will establish ETJ authority and/or annex the U.S. Coast Guard Station
property if ownership is transferred from the federal government. The Town
supports acquisition of the U.S. Coast Guard Station property for conservation and
recreational purposes.
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17. State Port and Energy Facilities Siting and Development
Policy (a): Not withstanding the apparent positive benefits to the State of North Carolina
and the region, the Town of Caswell Beach actively opposes the building of the
state port because the Town can see no positive impacts on our quality of life.
Those impacts include, but are not limited to:
a. Traffic congestion from increased intensive use of the existing inadequate
transportation infrastructure;
b. Water quality degradation from increased intensive use of the water;
c. Stormwater runoff from the large impervious area of the port facility;
d. Air quality degradation from increased truck, ship and other facility machine
operation on an around the clock basis;
e. Increased demand on area potable water supply;
f. Increased demand on area wastewater treatment infrastructure;
g. Noise pollution generated from trucks, ships and rail;
h. Light pollution generated from the port and ships;
i. Solid waste discarded from ships offshore;
j. Lack of adequate housing and services to support the scope of the port;
k. Danger to recreational boaters from increased shipping traffic;
1. Increased likelihood of man-made disasters or terrorist threat by placing an
international port, nuclear facility and munitions facility within such close
proximity.
19. Building Height of New Development and Redevelopment
Policy (a): The Town shall regulate building height to preserve the existing low profile character
of the community. Building height shall be measured using the vertical distance from
the mean elevation of the finished grade along the front of the building to the highest
point of a flat roof, or to the deck line of the mansard roof, or to the mean height level
(roof midline) between eaves and ridge for gable, hip and gambrel roofs. Under any
circumstance, the vertical distance shall not exceed the higher of:
26' feet above the Regulatory Flood Protection Elevation; or
35 feet above the mean finished grade elevation.
Policy (b): No structure shall be allowed more than 2 stories, under any configuration, above the
Regulatory Flood Protection Elevation..
23. Land Use and Development Decisions Consistent with Strategic Plan and Land Use Plan
Policy: Any official Town land use and development related actions (e.g. re -zonings, text
amendments, stormwater rules, etc.) shall remain consistent with the policies
adopted in the Strategic Plan, the Land Use Plan and any other applicable plan. Any
Town actions which are inconsistent with those plans or other related plans shall
require a statement from the Town body approving such decisions as to why those
decisions are necessary and how any negative impacts will be mitigated.
25. Septic Decommissioning
Policy (a): When central sewer service becomes available, the Town prefers the re -use of septic
systems as "stormwater cisterns" as an innovative method to help capture and retain
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200612007Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
stormwater on -site. This practice is intended to help minimize the volume of
stormwater and pollutants entering local surface waters, streets and ditches.
Policy (b): The Town shall provide owners of septic systems with information on how to
retrofit and re -use septic systems as stormwater cisterns.
Policy (c): If a stormwater utility is established, the Town may "credit" those property owners
who re -used their septic system as a stormwater cistern.
36. Public Access Facilities and Parking
Policy: The Town will meet state and federal public parking and access requirements for
beach nourishment and other related projects.
38. Local Watershed Planning
Policy: The Town of Caswell Beach intends to establish a local watershed planning group of
area stakeholders for its 14 digit HUC (i.e. local watershed) to identify, prioritize
and implement practical measures to maintain and improve local water quality.
40. Low Impact Development (LID)
Policy (a): The Town supports the concept and goals of Low Impact Development.
Policy (b): The Town shall evaluate the results of Low Impact Development practices
implemented in adjacent watersheds (e.g. Lockwood's Folly) and other similar
coastal watersheds, including but not limited to requiring the use of permeable
pavements and reducing the amount of impervious coverage allowed, to determine
its practicality for use in the Caswell Beach planning jurisdiction and local 14 digit
HUC watershed.
41. Use of Permeable/Pervious Materials and Total Lot Coverage Standards
Policy (a): The Town may require permeable/pervious materials to be used for items such as
driveways, patios and other structures not immediately part of and necessary to the
structural integrity of the primary structure.
Policy (b): The Town may establish total lot coverage standards for both pervious and
impervious man-made structures and surfaces to maximize as much as possible an
"uncovered state" of the existing or installed natural vegetation, and/or the existing
sand or soil on the lot.
42. Preservation of 404 Wetlands (non -coastal wetlands)
Policy: The Town opposes the filling or grading of 404 classified wetlands for any
development purpose without mitigation efforts such as replacing the destroyed
wetlands on or off -site, or paying a fee in lieu of replacement to be used by the Town
to create wetlands as part of its overall stormwater and flood protection
management system.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
43. Comprehensive Stormwater Program
Policy (a): The Town shall establish a stormwater program to comprehensively manage both
the volume of stormwater and volume of pollutants entering the stormwater
drainage system and ultimately local receiving waters.
Policy (b): The Town stormwater program shall include ordinances that, at a minimum, enforce
NPDES Phase II standards. The stormwater program may include the creation of a
dedicated stormwater utility and capital improvements program to fund periodic
construction and maintenance of stormwater infrastructure servicing existing and
future developments.
50. Beach and Shoreline Erosion
Policy (a): The Town of Caswell Beach shall seek to protect the beach by instituting a program
for a major beach nourishment project to include seeking substantial Federal, State
and County funding for cost sharing purposes, and supporting near term research
and experimentation associated with a major beach nourishment project.
Policy (b): To prepare for and secure participation in a major beach nourishment project, the
Town shall continue to update its beach preservation planning and research
activities, which includes public involvement and education, lobbying efforts, dune
maintenance and protection, as well as enhancement of public access and parking
facilities.
Policy (c): The Town supports CAMA regulations regarding ocean hazard areas and associated
setback requirements as a means to reduce the potential threat to life and property
in high erosion areas. The Town shall continue to enforce its existing zoning
standards which limit building density and intensity in ocean hazard areas.
A complete listing of all the Town policies established in the Land Use Plan can be found in
Section 8.
3. The growth map and development standards table for future land use, development and
redevelopment can be found in Section 9 of the Land Use Plan. The growth map, which is officially
called the Future Land Use Classification Map (FLLICM), is meant to visually depict the major land use
and development goals and policies to be followed and implemented by the Town. The Map is
intended to show the community's planned future growth patterns in distinct areas within the
Town's planning jurisdiction. The Map also shows the planned future boundaries of those
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
respective areas to ensure that incompatible uses or types of development do not encroach. The
development standards table, which is officially called the Future Land Use Classification Area
Development Standards Table (or FLU Table) is to be used in conjunction with the Future Land Use
Classification Map. The table lists the desired predominant land uses and development characteristics
for each respective area, as well as the intensity and density goals and standards for each area.
Those areas include four distinct residential land use areas that range in density from a low density
of 2.2 units per acre to a high density of 5.7 units per acre. A commercial -recreation area is also
depicted in the FLUCM and FLU Table, it is comprised of the existing golf course and its associated
uses. The map and table show that no future residential uses shall be allowed in the commercial -
recreation area. Finally, the FLUCM and FLU Table show a conservation area, which only allows
accessory uses and structures of a water dependent nature. No residential or commercial primary
uses are allowed in the conservation area.
4. A schedule of recommended actions to make the Towns existing development management
program consistent with the vision statement, the policy statements, and the future land use and
development standards within the Land Use Plan, include the following:
Ordinances/Regulations
To be Done in
Department
Fiscal Year
Responsibility
Zoning Ordinance Amendments*
1. Text Amendment/Re-zone "Business" Zone to match current
FY 07-08
Administration
"R-20 MF" Zone standards
2. Text Amendment to apply § 153.029 minimum lot size/density
FY 07-08
standards for multi -family developments to the base "R-20
MF" Zone
3. Text Amendment to revise and clarify the definition of
FY 07-08
"Building Height" in § 153.002 and § 153.084
4. Text Amendment to clarify definition of a "Story" as found in §
153.002
FY 07-08
5. Text Amendment to eliminate the "3 stories" allowance in §
153.084 for zoning districts that are required to elevate the first
FY 07-08
floor above the regulatory flood protection height
6. Text Amendment of § 153.033 to identify "bulkheads" as a
rohibiteduse/activit in the "Conservation" Zone
FY 07-08
Stormwater Management Ordinance Amendments
FY 07-08 or 08-09
Administration
7. Incorporate Phase II NPDES coastal rules
8. Consider requiring use of permeable surfaces for driveways,
Parking spaces and other related structures
.9. Consider Stormwater Utility
10. Consider using decommissioned septic systems as
stormwater/rain retention cisterns
11. Sewer Use Ordinance
FY 07-08 or 08-09
Administration
12. Subdivision Ordinance
FY 07-08
Administration
Official Plans,
13. Stormwater Master Plan
FY 07-08
Administration
14. Beach Preservation Plan
Ongoing Updates
Administration
/Beach Adv. Board
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
15. Sewer System Plan (need to address costs and capacity in the
FY 07-08
Administration
design, construction, and O&M of the system)
16. Water System Plan need to address inadequatepressure)
Administration
17. Strategic Plan (need to update to ensure consistency with the
FY 07-08
Administration
LUP and other new programs and documents
Capital Improvements Program
Scheduled Fiscal Year and Ongoing
Begin CIP process
18. Capital Improvement Plan (CIP)*
in FY 07-08 to take
Administration
effect in FY 08-09
a. Sewer System Construction
FY 07-08 or 08-09
b. Beach Preservation Program Activities .
Ongoing
c. Stormwater System Improvements
FY 07-08 or 08-09
d. Water system Improvements
FY 07-08 or 08-09
Additional recommended and scheduled actions include:
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Management
Responsible
2007-
2008-
2010-
2011-
2012-
Action
Topic Goal
Entity2008
2009
2011
2012
2013
1. Continue Expanding Public
Administration
"
77
Participation in Land Use Planning.
2. Revise portions of the Zoning
Land Use
Administration
Ordinance to address internal
Compatibility
consistency and to implement LUP
goals and policies. See Table 28 for
detailed list of recommended
amendments.
`-
3. Construct sewer system to serve
Water Quality/
Administration
platted/developable areas (eliminate
Infrastructure
septic system and package treatment
Carrying
use).
Capacity
4. Revise stormwater management
Water Quality
Administration
"
regulations to incorporate Phase II
rules, permeable surface provisions,
and other management
recommendations of the Stormwater
Master Plan.
5. Establish a Local Watershed
Water Quality
Administration
Planning Group. Coordinate with
adjacent jurisdictions and state
agencies.
6. Develop and integrate a Capital
Public Access/
Administration
� .
Improvements Program (CIP) to
Land Use
•�
prioritize funding for projects such
Compatibility/I
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O
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as stormwater system improvements,
nfrastructure
O
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public access, sewer, etc.
Carrying
A
Capacity
7. Pursue mechanisms to preserve the
Land Use
Administration
,
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existing 18-hole golf course, such as
Compatibility
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not approving any future requests to
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rezone or add text amendments
O
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which would allow residential uses
in the CR-1 Zone. Coordinate
activities with Town of Oak Island.
8. Pursue stricter enforcement of
Land Use
Administration
on
bbO :
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b
to '
nuisance problems (i.e. noise and
Compatibility
g
o
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0
light) and parking problems.
' "a
a°
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to
9. Implement public parking and
Public Access/
Administration
. "; `
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oo
cn , ..
` oo :. ..
public access enhancements as
Land Use
o
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o
o `
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required by beach nourishment
Compatibility
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funding.
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10. Implement annexation or
Land Use
Administration
oo i
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ebo "
odo
ono
extraterritorial jurisdiction over the
Compatibility
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"Baptist Assembly" and/or U.S.C.G.
bG°
aOF
-a0
property if those properties have a
O_
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change of ownership (if applicable).
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200612007Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Conclusion
The Land Use Plan (LUP) contains the adopted goals and policies for the Town of Caswell Beach.
Those goals and policies are to be implemented and followed over the next five to ten year planning
period, and beyond if an update is not conducted within 10 years. The intent of the policies and
actions detailed in this plan are to be carried out in good faith by current and future elected officials
and Town staff. Any public decisions by Town officials regarding growth and development (e.g. re -
zonings, land use related ordinance revisions, conditional use permits, capital improvement
projects, public grants, etc.) are to remain consistent with the policies, goals and objectives in this
plan. To allow flexibility if circumstances or community preferences change, the Land Use Plan can
be updated or amended. Current Land Use Plan updates are conducted through a grant from the
Division of Coastal Management and are on a seven to ten year cycle, which is primarily determined
by funding availability. The Town may undertake an amendment of the Land Use Plan at any time,
but must follow the regulations found in North Carolina Administrative Code Title 15A, Chapter 7,
Subchapter 7B, Section .0900-.0901.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
1.2 Introduction to the CAMA Land Use Plan Process
The Town of Caswell Beach, like most coastal communities in Brunswick County and southeast
North Carolina, has seen steadily increasing growth and development in its jurisdiction over the last
fifteen years. Caswell Beach has grown, but due to its geography and growth management, has not
grown to the same level in terms of population, housing and commercial activity as have many other
"municipalities with a beach" in the area. This increase in development pressure over the last two
decades has been primarily attributed to increases in coastal tourism and increases in the nation-
wide retirement age population relocating to coastal areas. Other contributing factors include the
development of roads, highways and bridges that make the coast more accessible to the entire
population. The desire to live in and visit coastal areas has inevitably led to certain types of
development and land uses that stress and degrade some of the very characteristics that make the
coast a desirable place to be. The Land Use Plan is intended to establish Town goals and policies, in
which the Town believes will best allow for growth while preserving the community's quality of life
standards.
Land use planning should be an integral part in avoiding or mitigating some of the negative side
effects of rapid development by anticipating potential problems and trying to establish courses of
action and management programs to handle those problems in advance. Caswell Beach has
managed, and desires to continue to manage the growth and development pressure facing their
relatively small family/resort, residential -style community. This type of community is characterized
by a predominance of single-family homes, lower building heights, multi -family homes primarily
used for .the tourist peak season, no or very limited commercial activity, and a functioning golf -
course and public beach.
Land use planning in coastal areas like Caswell Beach began when the U.S. Congress initiated the
first structured form of coastal land use planning in the country with the passage of the Coastal
Zone Management Act (CZMA) in 1972. CZMA encouraged coastal states to preserve their coasts
by establishing programs to manage and protect coastal resources. North Carolina passed its
Coastal Area Management Act, known as CAMA, in 1974. CAMA established the Coastal
Resources Commission (CRC) to oversee the regulation of the coast. CAMA also provided a
program framework for regulating development activity in coastal areas and required local land use
planning in the 20 coastal counties. The required Land Use Plan consists of policies, maps and
relevant technical data that serve as a community's blueprint for growth. Land Use Plans can
provide guidance for both individual development projects and a broad range of policy issues at the
local level. Such policy issues could include creating Town regulatory ordinances and prioritizing
public investment programs.
CAMA also established the Division of Coastal Management (DCM), which is the official
government agency responsible for administering CAMA regulations and programs. DCM uses a
jurisdiction's Land Use Plan in making decisions on whether to grant CAMA permits for proposed
development projects that are in that jurisdiction. Proposed projects and activities must be
consistent with the enforceable policies of the jurisdiction's land -use plan, or DCM cannot permit a
project to go forward.
More specifically, Land Use Plans include policies that address growth issues such as the Town's
desired types of economic and residential development. An important aspect of the planning
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200612007Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
process is that the policies included in a Town's plan are those formulated and agreed upon by the
local government, and are not policies dictated by the state. In addition to overseeing the land use
planning process for the entire coast of North Carolina, DCM awards grants for local planning and
management projects, such as funding public access sites. DCM also has four technical assistance
planners throughout its four NC coastal districts to assist local governments with coastal planning
and management issues.
1.3 The Town's Strategic Plan and The Function and Utility of the Land Use Plan
The Town of Caswell Beach adopted a Strategic Plan in 2002, which can be found at:
(http://www.caswellbeach.org/DocumentCenterii.asl2). The Strategic Plan is intended to be the
overall Town management document which guides the creation and direction of other Town plans,
regulations and programs. The plans and regulations that are under the realm of and should remain
consistent with the Strategic Plan include:
• The CAMA Land Use Plan
• Beach Preservation Plans
• Stormwater Feasibility Studies and Management Plans
• Wastewater Feasibility Studies and Management Plans
• The Hazard Mitigation Plan
• The Town Zoning Ordinance
• The Town Subdivision Ordinance
• The Town Flood Prevention Ordinance
• The Town Stormwater Ordinance
• The Town Building Code
• Wildlife Preservation Ordinance
• Vegetation and Tree Preservation Ordinance
• Other Town Ordinances found in the Code of Ordinances
While the Land Use Plan is under the Strategic Plan, it will serve as a way to elaborate and make
more specific certain land use related principles found in the Strategic Plan. More generally, there
are five key functions of the land use planning process and the Land Use Plan.
1. A Land Use Plan provides a source of information for decision -makers when formulating
public policy and making future governmental decisions. The planning process helps provide
a knowledge and understanding of the local area's population, demographics, economy,
natural environment, community capacity for growth, and overall development trends.
2. A plan's policies provide guidance for future local officials when faced with decisions on
public and capital investment, as well as zoning and other development regulations.
3. State legislation requires that changes to land use related ordinances (i.e. zoning) be
compared to the policies and intent of the Land Use Plan to determine whether those
changes are consistent or inconsistent. Changes which are inconsistent may be allowed, but
they must be justified by the Town as why they diverge from the Land Use Plan and why
they are in the community's best interest. Also, the Land Use Plan may help defend against
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
any legal challenges to a local government's actions, by demonstrating that the actions were
planned and are consistent with the community's overall goals and policies.
4. It provides a preview or predictor of future government action. The public, local government
staff and developers are better informed and able to understand and predict how a
government will make decisions if a plan and its policies are in place and followed.
5. It provides the general public, the Planning Board, staff, and elected officials the opportunity
to address and discuss issues important to the local area and to shape policies and
regulations to best meet the goals of the community.
NOTE: An additional important day-to-day function of a Land Use Plan is basing approval of
CAMA development permits for projects in the local community on whether the impacts and
purpose of the proposed project are consistent with the policies set forth in the plan. While local
communities can issue CAMA minor permits, Caswell Beach currently does not. CAMA minor
permits and major permits are issued out of DCM's Wilmington office. Minor permits are generally
for any smaller -scale development (i.e. structures under 5'000ft2) along Caswell Beach's oceanfront
or other estuarine waterfront. CAMA major permits in Caswell Beach are very few in number given
the lack of undivided land over an acre, no commercial activity, and the Town limitations on the size
of structures along waterfront areas. Types of development projects that require CAMA permits are
discussed later.
The following section provides background information on CAMA permitting for development and
the role the Land Use Plan plays in determining whether development permits will be issued.
1.4 The CAMA Permit Process
The Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) requires permits for any development in specially
designated areas called Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC). In Caswell Beach, AECs are
generally those areas that are in close proximity to water (ocean, Intracoastal Waterway, tidal
creeks, etc.) or marsh (coastal wetlands) [Also See Map 1: Areas of Environmental Concern Map]. A
CAMA permit must be acquired if a development project meets all of the following conditions:
• The project is located within one of the 20 coastal counties of North Carolina;
• The project is considered "development" under CAMA;
• The project is within, or affects, an Area of Environmental Concern established by the
Coastal Resources Commission; and
• The project does not qualify for an exemption.
What Qualifies as a CAMA Regulated Development Project?
Besides construction of residential and commercial buildings in an AEC, "development" also
generally includes activities such as dredging or filling coastal wetlands or waters, and construction
of marinas, piers, docks, bulkheads, oceanfront structures and roads. The Coastal Area Management
Act {NCGS 113A-103(5)(a)] defines a development project as: "any activity in a duly designated area
of environmental concern ... involving, requiring or consisting of the construction or enlargement of
a structure; excavation; dredging; filling; dumping; removal of clay, silt, sand, gravel or minerals;
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
bulkheading; driving of pilings; clearing or alteration of land as an adjunct of construction; alteration
or removal of sand dunes; alteration of the shore, bank or bottom of the Atlantic Ocean or any
sound, bay, river, creek, stream, lake or canal'.
What is an Area of Environmental Concern?
According to DCM's CAMA Handbook forDevelopment in Coastal North Carolina, protecting and
managing Areas of Environmental Concern is the basis for the CAMA permitting program. An AEC
is generally an area of natural significance, which requires special management because it may be
easily destroyed by erosion, flooding, or human activity; or it may have environmental, social,
economic or aesthetic values that make it a valuable resource. The CRC designates particular areas
as AECs to protect them from unmanaged development, which may cause irreversible damage to
property, public health or the environment. AECs cover almost all `navigable' coastal waters and
about 3 percent of the land in the 20 coastal counties. As mentioned earlier, in Caswell Beach the
AECs are generally those areas that are in close proximity to water (ocean, ICWW, creeks, etc.) or
marsh (wetlands) [Also See Map 1: Areas of Environmental Concern Map].
The CRC has established the following four categories of AECs:
• The Estuarine and Ocean System (coastal wetlands, public trust and estuary waters, and
estuarine shoreline);
• The Ocean Hazard System (ocean erodible setback area, un-vegetated beach area, inlet
hazard area, and high hazard flood area);
• Public Water Supplies (small surface water supply watershed and public water supply well -
fields);
• Natural and Cultural Resource Areas (coastal complex natural areas, coastal areas that
sustain remnant species, unique coastal geologic formations, significant coastal
archaeological resources and significant coastal historical archeological resources).
A development project is likely located in an AEC if it is:
• in, or on the shore of, navigable waters within the 20 CAMA counties;
• on a marsh or wetland;
• within 75 feet of the normal high water line along an estuarine shoreline;
• near the ocean beach (e.g. within 60'-120');
• within an ocean high hazard flood area (VE Zones on official flood maps);
• near an inlet;
• within 30 feet of the normal high water level of areas designated as inland fishing waters by
the N.C. Marine Fisheries Commission and the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission;
• near a public water supply;
• within 575 feet of Outstanding Resource Waters defined by the Environmental Management
Commission.
For more information on the CAMA Handbook for Development in Coastal North Carolina and for
mitigating steps required during development, see the following web -page;
http://www.nccoastalmanagement.net/Handbook/contents.htm
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
What Are the Types of CAMA Permits?
There are currently three types of development permits: major permits, general permits and minor
permits. The Division of Coastal Management makes permit decisions after considering agency and
public comments, and after determining whether a proposed project meets CRC rules and is
consistent with the policies of the local government's Land Use Plan.
The CAMA permit system is divided into major and minor permits, based on the potential impacts
and size of a development project.
Major permits are necessary for activities that require other state or federal permits (such
as stormwater and sedimentation control), for projects that cover more than 20 acres or for
construction covering more than 60,000 square feet. Applications for major permits are reviewed by
10 state and 4 federal agencies before a decision is made.
Minor permits are required for projects, such as single-family houses, that do not require
major permits or general permits. Permits are reviewed, issued and administered to CRC standards
by local governments under contract with the Division of Coastal Management.
The Town of Caswell Beach does not issue CAMA minor permits as of 2007, but intends to become
a local permitting authority in the near future.
General permits are used for routine projects that usually have little or no threat to the
environment.
For detailed information on permit categories refer to Section 5: Applying for a CAMA Permit, located at
this web address http://www.nccoastalmanagement.net/Handbook/contents.htm.
Some development may be authorized by exemption certificate. Section 103(5)(b) of the Coastal
Area Management Act exempts the following activities from permitting requirements:
• road maintenance within a public right-of-way;
• utility maintenance on projects that already have CAMA permits;
• energy facilities covered by other laws or N.C. Utilities Commission rules;
• agricultural or forestry production that doesn't involve the excavation or filling of estuarine
or navigable waters or coastal marshland (Note: these activities are not exempt from
permitting requirements under the state's Dredge and Fill Law);
• agricultural or forestry ditches less than 6 feet wide and 4 feet deep;
• emergency maintenance and repairs when life and property are in danger;
• the construction of an accessory building usually found with an existing structure, if no
filling of estuarine or navigable waters or coastal marshland is involved.
1.5 Public Involvement
In addition to the day-to-day permitting functions mentioned above, the Land Use Plan is intended
to provide an open and fairly lengthy (up to a year and a half) process for citizen involvement.
Formulating policies based on community consensus covering a wide range of issues relies on
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase I Section 1: Introduction 6

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
adequate public involvement. In addition to providing the public an opportunity to provide their
concerns on growth and development, the Land Use Plan is intended to inform the public on the
importance of planning, the role their town government plays in managing development, the
possible impacts of un-managed development, and the utility of preserving natural resources.
The 2006 Caswell Beach Land Use Plan Update established a Citizen Participation Plan (See
Appendix I) which provides the public with the Land Use Plan meeting schedule and the methods
by which the Town will distribute Land Use Plan materials to the public. Those methods include:
newspaper advertisements, Town website: www.caswellbeach.or, email list serve, and a hardcopy
of materials available at Town Hall located at 1100 Caswell Beach Road.
1.5.1 Citizen Participation Plan
The Town Council adopted the Citizen Participation Plan for Phase I of the Land Use Plan on
October 12, 2006 (See Appendix I).
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Section 2. Caswell Beach Community Issues and Vision
2.1 Growth Related Concerns and Goals
The identification of community concerns and goals by the public and local leaders helps to identify
the most problematic or significant issues facing the community and what the community wants to
accomplish. The key issues facing the community are usually the result of growth related conditions
that are beginning to directly impact the quality of life of residents and property owners (e.g. multi-
family is encroaching on single-family, stormwater is increasing due to increases in impervious
surfaces, etc.). After key issues are identified and prioritized for action, a community 'vision' and
local policies are established to guide growth in accordance with the Town's desired direction. In
2002, the Town of Caswell Beach adopted a Strategic Plan which had established an overall
community vision statement. Given the Land Use Plan is to remain consistent with the Strategic
Plan, the vision statement of the Strategic Plan will be incorporated into the Land Use Plan.
2.2 Key Planning Issues Impacting Caswell Beach
The list of dominant issues facing the Town were established from public meetings, staff input,
Planning Board and Town Council guidance, and from applicable issues from the 1997 Land Use
Plan.
Given the potential number and complexity of issues, and the Town's limited capacity to address
them all, the Town will likely only fully address or attempt to resolve a handful of community issues.
Therefore, a priority list of issues will be established. The prioritized issues are generally those key
issues that have recently emerged and those which the Town can proactively address. The priority
issues will be thoroughly addressed under the policy statements in this Land Use Plan (to be
established in Phase II). Furthermore, a set of objectives will be established to adequately and feasibly
address the top issues. The objectives to accomplish will make-up the Towns Implementation
Schedule (to be established in Phase II). The Implementation Schedule is a list of items to be carried out
by the Town over a five-year period. The purpose of the Schedule is to ensure that policies are
actually implemented and town goals are being actively pursued.
Clarification Between Goals, Objectives and Policies
A Goal is a desired outcome. Ex. Improve surface water quality.
An Objective is a specific step or action taken to reach a goal. Ex. Implement specific stormwater
management measures to reduce runoff to surface water.
A Policy is an official course of action or guiding principle that is followed to ensure actions
taken are consistent with goals. Ex The Town shall take steps to pursue the improvement of surface
water quality in its jurisdiction.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
2.2.1 General Issues Identified
The following list is the complete list of growth related issues identified by the Town and through
public input. The list is not in any particular order.
• Stormwater Management
• Wastewater Management
• Maintain the Existing 18-hole Golf Course Recreation Facility
• Beach Nourishment and Protection of the Beach, Oceanfront Property, and Public
Infrastructure from Erosion
• Continue to Proactively Manage Intensity (building height and lot coverage) and Density
(units per acre) of all new Development
• What Housing Types Should be Allowed? (e.g. "Mega -structures", Single -Family, Multi -
Family)
• Future ETJ Authority over Current Baptist Assembly Area if Sold (What would the Town
zone this area?)
• Future Use and Management of the Lighthouse and Coast Guard Properties
• Is Commercial Growth Still Undesired?
• Regional Growth (Port, Airport, Transportation Systems, Potable Water, Sewer, and
Environment)
2.2.2 Priority Issues and Goals
The top issues identified by the Town needing priority attention included:
• Beach Nourishment and Protection of the Beach, Oceanfront Property, and Public
Infrastructure from Erosion
• Maintaining the Existing 18-hole Oak Island Golf Course
• Maintaining Proactive Management of Intensity (building height and lot coverage) and
Density (units per acre) of all new Development and Redevelopment
• Implementing Improved Wastewater and Stormwater Management Measures
• Improving water pressure in Town Water Distribution System
2.2.3 Key Goals of CAMA To Be Integrated With Town Goals
In addition to the Town's list of priority issues and associated goals, the Coastal Resource
Commission (CRC) and the Division of Coastal Management (DCM) have integrated a set of goals
to assist the Town in meeting the planning requirements of the Coastal Area Management Act
(CAMA). These goals are related to six development -related "Management Topics" established by
the CRC. The Management Topic areas include:1) Public Access; 2) Land Use Compatibility;
3) Infrastructure Carrying Capacity; 4) Natural Hazards; S) Surface Water Quality; and 6)
Local Area Concerns. Consistency with the goals of the CAMA Management Topics is felt to be
essential for the proper use, development, and protection of coastal resources.
Many of the issues and goals identified and prioritized by the Town already address the broad
CAMA goals and will be integrated and combined where applicable. However, where Town
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
identified goals may lack, the Town is required to integrate and attempt to meet all the goals under
the Management Topics.
The additional goals under the CAMA Management Topics that are to be integrated with Town
goals include:
• Maximize public access to the beaches and the public trust waters of the jurisdiction.
• Ensure that development and use of resources or preservation of land minimizes direct and
secondary environmental impacts, avoids risks to public health, safety and welfare and is
consistent with the capability of the land based on considerations of interactions of natural
and manmade features.
• Ensure that public infrastructure systems are appropriately sized, located and managed so
the quality and productivity of areas of environmental concern and other fragile areas are
protected or restored.
• Conserve and maintain barrier dunes, beaches, flood plains, and other coastal features for
their natural storm protection functions and their natural resources giving recognition to
public health, safety, and welfare issues.
• Maintain, protect and where possible enhance water quality in all coastal wetlands, rivers,
streams and estuaries.
• Integrate local concerns with the overall goals of CAMA in the context of land use planning.
2.3 Vision Statement
The Vision Statement of Caswell Beach is intended to be a general and brief statement about the
Town's main preferences for future growth. The Vision Statement should be based on a consensus
of the views of community citizens and community representatives. Goals and policies established
in this Land Use Plan shall remain consistent with the intent of the Vision Statement. As mentioned
earlier, Caswell Beach's Vision Statement was established and adopted under the Town's Strategic
Plan.
Caswell Beach Vision Statement
"The vision of the Town of Caswell Beach is one of a viable residential community
having the foresight, resources and will to meet new challenges and opportunities in
accomplishing its mission. The Town is proud of its unique residential character, its
natural assets and quality of life, and these will continue to be of paramount
importance. Caswell Beach will provide cost-effective and timely services. Caswell
Beach will endeavor to be a friendly, cohesive, community -spirited town in which the
residents work together. Caswell Beach will continue to practice mutually beneficial
relationships with local, state and federal governing bodies. These in combination will
achieve the desired quality of life".
Further Sections in this Land Use Plan will elaborate on what the "unique residential character" and
"natural assets" of the Town are and how the Town intends to preserve them. The "services the
Town will provide" will also be discussed in later Sections and policies of this Plan.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
To define the overall "quality of life" that Town residents and visitors enjoy, the Town's Strategic
Plan states the Town's quality of life includes the following characteristics which are to be
maintained:
• A unique physical setting (barrier island surrounded by quality beach, marsh and water)
• A safe, friendly environment (e.g. small population, close-knit community, limited traffic)
• A low crime rate
A quiet, peaceful residential community (limited dense and intense development, limited
commercial activity)
• Limited noise and light pollution (limited commercial activity, limited traffic and limited
dense development)
• Minimal commercialization
Continued easy access to medical and professional services nearby
• Assurance that investment in property will be protected
As mentioned earlier, the Town's Vision Statement and concept of quality of life provides the
foundation for which the goals, policies and objectives in this Land Use Plan are to be based upon.
Even if the Town has reached build -out and/or has established development regulations that it is
generally satisfied with, the Land Use Plan at the very least should reiterate that the conditions in
place now represent what the Town wants to maintain and where the Town wants to be in 5 to 10
years from now. In other words, the overall policy theme in the Land Use Plan would stress that the
Town does not desire any substantial changes in its Zoning or other related regulations or programs
which would result in a deviation from the current state.
The following Sections (3-7) consist of the Land Use Plan's Phase I report on existing conditions in
the Town. These conditions include descriptions on the population, housing, natural environment,
existing land use patterns, and infrastructure characteristics currently found within the Town. The
information found in the Phase I report is intended to provide a knowledge base for the Planning
Board, Town Council, Town Staff and citizens to use when deciding on what direction the policies
in this Land Use Plan should take (i.e. is there too much growth, too little, etc.). Since Caswell
Beach is relatively small in geographic size, a close-knit community and essentially built -out, much
of the information in Phase I may not be new to many in Town. However, it must be remembered
that this Land Use Plan will be reviewed by citizens, state and federal agencies, advocacy groups,
and potentially outside developers which may be unfamiliar with the characteristics of the Town.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Section 3. Analysis of Trends and Emerging Conditions
The analysis of trends and emerging conditions section provides information on the population,
housing and economic characteristics of Caswell Beach. Such information is intended to allow
Town officials to make growth management decisions based on an understanding and knowledge of
where the Town has come from, where it is and where it may be heading.
The sources of data used include the 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census, U.S. Census 2005 municipal
estimates, and the North Carolina State Demographer 2005 estimates and 2010 —2030 projections.
Population, Housing and Economy
The current population size, both permanent and seasonal, and the level to which it will change
during the planning period determines the amount of land that should be allocated for future uses
and the related pressure that may be expected on coastal resources. Also, demands placed on
community infrastructure (roads, water, wastewater, stormwater, etc.) are directly related to
growth in population and development. Population characteristics such as age and income help
predict requirements for different types of housing and land uses. (NC DCM, Technical Manual for
Coastal Planning)
Information on the existing housing stock and related household information in the Caswell Beach
community provides a base for planning for future housing needs. Household size, the types of
housing units, and the number of owners and renters, can all be considerations when formulating
development policies.
3.1 Population Characteristics and Trends in Caswell Beach
Table 1: Population Change from 1990 to 2004
Source: U.S. Census 1990and 2000,US.CensusEstimates2005,and NCStatcUemo a her(,Mi iea2=')hstimates
Municipality
1990
1990
2000
2000
%
2005
2005
%Growth
%,Growth
Pop.
Density*
' Pop.
Pop.
Growth
Pop.
Pop.
(1990- `
(2000- ,
Density*
(1990-
Density*
2005)
2005)
2000).
Caswell
.48
1.02
1.28
Beach
175
people
370
people
1110/0
461
people
163%
25%
Der acre
Der acre
Der acre
*Population Density is based upon the population divided by the actual land area of 360 acres. Also see text on top of
next page.
Caswell Beach was incorporated in the 1970s and the first Census for the Town was in 1980, which
showed the population to be 110. Table 1 shows that the population of Caswell Beach has increased
considerably from its 1990 level when just considering percent growth. Much of the inland portion
of Caswell Beach was developed between 1990 and today, with much of this as permanent year-
round residences, which accounts for most of the population growth in Town. Beachfront and multi-
family units continue to be primarily utilized as seasonal housing for the seasonal population.
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200612007Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) processing by the Cape Fear Council of
Governments shows that there is currently approximately 2,592 acres of total area in the Town
Limits. This total area not only includes land, but water, marsh, dunes and unvegetated beach as
well. The amount of land area* in the corporate limits is approximately 360 acres or .56 square miles.
As shown in Table 1, the population density has increased by two and a half times over the last 15
years.
*Land area refers to land that is above the mean high water line and shoreward of the dune vegetation line.
Table 2: Population Growth Comparison for NC "Municipalities with a Beach" 1990-2005
(Source: U.S. Census 1990 and2000, US. Census Estimates2005, NCStateDemographer)
Municipality
1990 2000 %,Growth Rate 2005 % Growth Rate
'Pop. Pop. 1990-2000 Pop. 2000-2005 `
Atlantic Beach
1,938
1,781
-1%
1,801
100
Bald Head Island
78
173
121%
229
40%
Carolina Beach
3,630
4,778
32%
5,640
180/0
CaswellBeach
175
370
1110/0 ;
461
25%
Emerald Isle
2,434
3,486
43%
3,803
9%
Holden Beach
626
792
26%
889
12%
Indian Beach
153
95
-30%
91
Kill Devil Hills
4,238
5,897
39%
6,760
15%
Kitty Hawk
1,937
2,991
54%
3,474
16%
Kure Beach
619
1,512
144%
1,964
30%
Nags Head
N/A
2,700
N/A
3,125
16%
N. Topsail Beach
N/A
843
N/A
855
1%
Oak Island
4,550
6,627.
45%
7,711
16%
Ocean Isle Beach
534
430
-19%
481
12%
Pine Knoll Shores
1,360
1,524
12%
1,601
5%
Southern Shores
1,447
2,201
52%
2,612
190/0
Sunset Beach
311
1,852
495%
2,211
190/0
Surf City
970
1,413
46%
1,619
15%
Topsail Beach
362
473
31%
535
13%
Wrightsville Beach
2,937
2,593
-11%
2,648
2%
BrunswickCounty
50,985
73,143
43%
89,463
22%
Caswell Beach 3rd 3ra
4th -
3rd
3rd
Rank* Lowest
Lowest
Highest
Lowest '
Highest
only. i nere are
Table 2 shows that Caswell Beach had one of the highest growth rates among "municipalities with a
beach" both between 1990 and 2000, and between 2000 and 2005. However, the actual Town
population has consistently been third lowest among the same comparison communities since 1990.
This means that Caswell Beach has grown considerably compared to its own original population, but
not when compared to the populations of other "North Carolina municipalities with a beach". As
Caswell Beach has reached near build -out, less than 100 vacant lots and no tracts left to subdivide
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase I Section 3: Analysis of Exiting and Emerging Conditions 13

200612007Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
(except for the golf
course area), the Town's growth rate and population increase will likely slow
considerably. With a population of 461 in 2005,
the only scenarios whereby the Town's population
will reach past the
525 to 600 range over the next 10 years
will be due to the subdivision of the golf
course into residential
lots, occupation of the
seasonal units in Town by permanent residents, and/or
allowing redevelopment at higher densities.
Table 3: Population Demographics Comparison of All North Carolina "Municipalities
with
Beaches" from Census 2000
(Source: U.S. Census 2000 Population and Housing and U.S. Census 2000 Employment and Income)
0/6in Labor Force Median Median
*Ranking includes municipalities only. There are 20 municipalities in the ranking.
Table 3 shows that
according
to Census 2000 information, the Caswell Beach population is on
average nine years
older than the populations of the other North Carolina
beach communities. The
Town also has a lower percentage of its population working in the labor force than all but two other
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007
Phase I Section 3: Analysis of Exiting and Emerging Conditions 14
Municipality
Family
Median Household Income
Age. 16 &z Over Income
Per Capita Income
Atlantic Beach
48.7
63.3%
$38,312
$52,411
$31,339
Bald Head Island
56:3
$62,083
+$56,964
$45,585.
Carolina Beach
43.6
68.0%
$37,662
$44,882
$24,128
:CaswellBeach
59.9
39.9%
$57,083
; $63,750
$41,731 "
Emerald Isle
50.1
543%
$53,274
$60,257
$31,316
Holden Beach
55:4
48.8%
$59,583
$70,000
$36,113'
Indian Beach
58.8
52.7%
$47,250
$45,250
$25,826
Kill -Devil Hills
36.7
76.6%
$39,712
$44,681
' $20,679
Kitty Hawk
40.6
69.9%
$42,813
$48,656
$22,960
Kure Beach
50.5
60.8%
' $47,143
$55,875
$26,759
Nags Head
42.7
67.0%
$53,095
$61,302
$30,157
North Topsail
Beach
45.1
64.4%
$45,982
$53,125
$33,972
Oak Island
49.2
56.1%
$40,496
$48,775
$23,964
Ocean Isle Beach
53.4
49.6%
` $67,639
$65,625
$42,605
Pine Knoll Shores
61.8
36.8%
$53,800
$6Q662
$34,618
..Southern Shores
51.4
51.3%
$61,676
$68,250
$35,933
Sunset Beach
60.2
37.8%
$47,356
$57,019
$36,181
Surf City
48.1
61.7%
$40,521
$48,654
$25,242
Topsail Beach
55.6
53.7%
$55,750
$64,167
$35,838
Wrightsville
Beach
37.1
65.6%
$55,903 '
$71,641
° $36,575
Brunswick County
42.2
57.7%
$35,888
$42,037
$19,857
North Carolina
353
65.7%
$39,184
$46,335
$20,307
NC Beach
Municipal Average
50.26
56.7%
$50,356
$57,065
$32,118
Caswell Beach
Rank Among North
Carolina
Communities with
a Beach*
3rd
Highest
-
3rd
Lowest
S
Highest
:
6
Highest
3rd
.Highest

200612007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
NC "communities with a beach". According to the Census 2000 data, Caswell Beach is in the top
25% among all North Carolina "communities with a beach" in household, family and per capita
income (total income divided by total population). As housing and land costs have substantially
increased since 2000, it is likely that median income levels have also been increasing as the new
residents coming in generally must have higher income levels to afford the rising prices in housing
and land.
Table 4: Median Age in Caswell Beach and Nearby Municipalities 1990-2000
(source: U.S. Census 1990 and 2000)
Municipality 1990 2000
Median Age .: Median Age
Calabash
63.6
57.9
Carolina Beach
37.6
43.6
CaswellBeach
44.5
59.9
Holden Beach
53.3
55.4
Kure Beach
44.9
50.5
Oak Island
44.3 (Long Beach
49.2
Ocean Isle Beach
50.3
53.4
Shallotte
50.2
51.6
Southport
43.1
49.0
Sunset Beach
49.9
60.2
Caswell Beach Rank
5'h Lowest
2" Highest
Table 4 shows that the median age (half above and half below) in Caswell Beach has increased by
about 15.5 years between 1990 and 2000. Even if population growth were static, the increase in
median age would only increase by 10 years due to natural aging between the ten-year census. Due
to a relatively large increase in the Town's population between 1990 and 2000, and the increase in
median age of 15.5 years and not just 10 years, we can assume that it is the age of the residents
moving into Caswell Beach which has become older. The data in the table above and the table below
show that the people who have recently moved into the Town and those making up the majority of
the Town's population are retirees or of retirement age.
Table 5: Population by Age in Caswell Beach 1990-2000
r r c r....,.. won ..A innni
Age Group
1990 Pop. In Ae Group
2000 Pop. In Age Group
0-4
3
6
5-17
11
23
18-24
17
6
25-44
48
42
45-64
55
161*
65+
19
132
* The 55-64 Age Group accounts for 108 people of this total.
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200612007Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Table 5, previously, showed that the 45-64 age group has traditionally been the most populated age
group in Town since 1990. This age group, and the 65 and older age group increased significantly in
population from 1990 to 2000. The 45-64 age group increased by three times, while the 65 and older
age group increased nearly seven times. The asterisk in Table 5 shows that over one hundred people
were in the 55-64 age group in the year 2000, meaning that as of 2006 the actual number of people in
the 65 and older age group could exceed all other age groups in Town. NOTE: There is no data on
the age of the approximately 90 new residents added to the population since 2000. It can only be
assumed that they are at minimum in the 45-64 range, but probably not any younger.
3.1.13 Seasonal and Peak Population Estimates
When planning for infrastructure (e.g. sewer), housing, commerce and recreation needs that may
occur as a result of permanent population growth, it is also necessary in a beach and tourist/resort
community like Caswell Beach to consider the impact vacationers, visitors and temporary residents
present to the planning area on a seasonal basis.
Persons who reside in the planning area for the majority of the year, or refer to it as their primary
residence, make up the permanent population. Persons who temporarily vacation or visit for at least
one night in the planning area during the peak season comprise the seasonal population. The
permanent population plus the seasonal population make up the peak population. While there is
no standard method for tabulating seasonal population for a given jurisdiction, there are a few
methods that can be used to estimate the population. A frequently used way to estimate seasonal
populations is to use the number of housing units and occupancy rates to determine how many
people per housing unit occupy different types of housing units. A problem with using housing units
and occupancy rates to estimate population is that it is difficult to know the true number of housing
units being used and how many people are staying in each unit. There is a wide variance in assuming
three people per unit versus six people per unit in estimates, but such wide variance exists from unit
to unit.
Peak and Seasonal Population Estimate by Housing Units
According to Census 2000 data there were approximately 333 vacant units categorized as "seasonal
use" in the year 2000. Census 2000 also shows that around 60% of the total housing in Town has
been used for seasonal use. Since Census 2000, there have been 96 total housing units built. If we
assume that the 60% ratio for seasonal housing continues, we can assume 60% of the 96 new housing
units will be used for seasonal use. 60% of 96 is 58. The 333 already existing seasonal units plus 58
new units equals approximately 391 units for seasonal use today. To try and account for variation in
the number of persons per unit, it will be assumed that 50% of the seasonal units have 3 persons and
50% has 6 persons. In addition, a low seasonal estimate will be derived by assuming occupancy of
only 75% of the seasonal units. A high seasonal estimate will be derived by assuming 100%
occupancy of the seasonal units. NOTE: The permanent population has been estimated to be 461 for
2005; this will be added to the seasonal estimate to establish a peak population estimate.
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200612007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
High Estimate (1000/6 Occupancy)
[195.5 units x 3 persons = 586.5] + [195.5 units x 6 persons=1,173]=1,759.5 seasonal pop.
1,759.5 seasonal + 461 permanent = 2,220.5 peak pop.
Low Estimate (75% Occupancy)
[(195.5 x .75) x 3 persons = 440] +[195.5 x .75 x 6 persons = 880] =1,320 seasonal pop.
1,320 seasonal pop. + 461 permanent =1,781 peak pop.
Peak and Seasonal Population Estimate by Water Consumption
Another technique to estimate seasonal population is to compare the metered water consumption
rates in the off-season to the metered water consumption in the high season. Water consumption
totals during the off-season gives a base number that can be assumed to be an amount consumed by
permanent residents only. If it is known how much water the permanent population alone uses in
the off-season, it can be compared with how much water is being used in the high season. For
example, if there was a known permanent population of 1,000 people using 1 million gallons per day
in the off-season month of February, we could assume that a 2 million gallon per day usage in July
could infer that twice as many people were using water, and therefore there could be 2,000 people in
the Town. Using water consumption comparisons is problematic if there is a large presence of
private water wells in Town, which would not show in the water use data. However, the Town of
Caswell Beach estimates that near 100% of residences are connected to water service.
It is important to note that there are variables that could skew this simplified comparison approach,
and it is reiterated that seasonal and peak population figures are best -guess estimates.
The Water Consumption Peak and Seasonal Estimate Table is on the following page.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Usc Plan
Table 6: Water Usage in Peak Season Versus Usage in Off -Season
Nnurcr Tnwn of Caswell Reach Finance Debartment)
Peak Month
Low Month ,
Year,
July
February
2006 Water Use
7,442,800
1,620,330 (.057 MGD)
1,793,936 adjusted for 31 days)
% Increase over
February
349%
Estimated
Population for the
Month
1,609*
461 (permanent residents)
*Numbers are the peak population, they already include both seasonal and permanent pops.
The months used for comparison were the low month of February and the peak season month of July.
February was used because it has the least water usage of any month, meaning this likely isolates the
water consumption level for only the permanent or year-round population. July was used as the peak
season month as it has the highest total monthly use.
Since February only has 28 days, an additional 3 days of water usage was added to the February total
to give a 31 day use period for comparison with the 31 days of July. It is therefore inferred that the
permanent population of 461 people uses 1,793,936 gallons of water in 31 days. The next step was to
compare this monthly total consumption to the consumption level in the peak month. As shown in
Table 6 above, there is an increase in water use during the peak season over the low season of 349%.
The "estimated population for the month" numbers in the bottom row in the above table reflect
increasing the population of 461 by the respective percent increase in water use for the peak season
month. For example, a population of 461 increased by 349% is 1,609. [461 x 3.49 (or 349%)=1,609]
Using water consumption data, the peak seasonal over -night population estimate falls
around the 1,600 range.
Summary of Peak and Seasonal Population Estimates
Two methods of estimating seasonal and peak populations have been used showing a wide range of
possible peak populations. Since there are several variables that could alter any of the estimates, it
may be best to use the entire range (1,600 - 2,200) or•a mid -point (2,000) when considering the
Town's peak over -night population.
Day -trip Visitors
Another consideration when gauging seasonal population impact on community infrastructure is the
effect of `day-trippers'. Unlike estimates of overnight visitors above, `day-trippers' travel for brief
stays in the community, typically for recreation activities like going to the beach or playing golf.
`Day-trippers' would primarily have an impact on traffic congestion and parking availability. Again,
there is no standard method for calculating `day-trippers'. One of the best indictors for the number
of day -trip visitors is the number of parking spaces available. There is one regional public access site
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase I Section 3: Analysis of Exiting and Emerging Conditions IS

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
on Caswell Beach with 80 spaces available. Again, a high and low estimate will be used to establish a
range of beach day -trip visitors.
Low Estimate
[2 shifts of parking during the day (morning and afternoon) x 80 parking spaces] x 2 persons
per vehicle = 320 day -trip visitors to the beach per day
High Estimate
[2 shifts of parking during the day (morning and afternoon) x 80 parking spaces] x 4 persons
per vehicle = 640 day -trip visitors to the beach per day
Again, many variables including fewer shift changes and more persons per car, and even illegal
parking could make the day -trip visitor total vary widely.
The Oak Island Golf Club estimates 30,000 golfers per year play the course. Most of that total
occurs in the peak season of June through September. Dividing 30,000 by the 122 days in those four
months gives an average day use number of 246 people.
When adding possible beach day -trip visitors to possible golf day -trip visitors there is likely a peak
season range of approximately 550 to 850 day -trip visitors. In addition, the Oak Island Lighthouse
and Baptist Assembly can also receive day trip visitors which can have an impact on Town
infrastructure. This range reflects ideal peak conditions when facilities would be used to their
highest extent, an average day -trip visitation rate below 500 could also be possible.
Peak Population and Day -Trip Visitors
Considering the peak over -night population estimates plus the day -trip visitor estimate, the Town of
Caswell Beach could have between 1,920 to 2,840 people in its jurisdiction on a peak day. It is
unlikely that these peak levels are sustained constantly over the summer months, and are probably
only reached during weekends with good weather or holidays such as the 4th of July.
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200612007To" of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
3.1.0 Population Projections
Much like seasonal and peak population estimates, population projections can vary widely due to
intervening factors such as the strength of the economy, availability of jobs, housing prices, and the
quality of life in the area. As Caswell Beach does not have a local economy and is primarily a retiree -
family community, availability of jobs in Town is not a factor in population growth. Caswell Beach
is essentially built -out, with no options for annexation of adjacent lands (except for the relatively
small Baptist Assembly area upon transfer of ownership). There is also no desire to allow increased
density through redevelopment of older housing. It is therefore likely that population growth has
reached or is very near reaching its peak in Caswell Beach. Construction of a new 40-unit site called
Caswell Landing, redevelopment of the golf course to a residential use, infill of existing lots and/or
permanent occupation of units that had been previously used as seasonal units are the key variables
that may affect Caswell Beach's future permanent population. Many of these variables, and how the
Town will manage them, are items that will be addressed throughout this planning process. These
issues are key land use decisions affecting the Town's near future and should have policies
formulated to provide guidance to current and future decision -makers.
Despite Caswell Beach's peak and plateau in population, the Town sits in one of the fastest growing
Counties in the Nation and is near the proposed State Port, which will bring in thousands of new
jobs (and associated family populations). Population projections for the total population in the
County are provided by the North Carolina State Demographer. Municipal population projections
are not done by the State Demographer because of the difficulty in predicting things such as
annexations and zoning changes allowing redevelopment at higher densities. The State
Demographer's population growth for Brunswick County shows that the growth in population
will occur solely from migration into the county, while natural growth from births will be offset
by the natural population decline from deaths. Chart 1 below shows the State Demographer's
projected population growth for Brunswick County.
Chart 1: County Permanent Population Projections to 2010, 2020 and 2030
BRUNSWICK
160,000
140,000'u:150
'127,265
100,000
89
80,000 ,469 102 799
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
2005 2010 2020 2030
1 - 46
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2006/2007 Town of aswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Chart 2 shows a projection of population growth in Caswell Beach from 2005 to 2020. As
mentioned before, the Town is essentially built -out with no option for annexation of additional
lands. Therefore, the population projection is based on the build -out of approximately 100 vacant
lots with single-family and the construction of 40 units as part of the Caswell Landing development.
It is expected that construction of housing on the infill lots and Caswell Landing will occur over the
next five to ten years. It is also assumed that the seasonal to permanent occupation status of these
new homes will remain constant to the current rate of around 60% seasonal to 40% permanent.
Therefore, if 140 new units are built with 40% permanently occupied by the Town's average family
size of 2.2 people, there could be an approximate increase of 123 people [(140 units x 400/0 = 56
permanent occupied units) x 2.2 people =123 people].
Chart 2: Caswell Beach Permanent Population Projections
(Source: Cape Fear Council of Governments)
CASWELL BEACH
700
600
500
584 600
461
400
300
200
100
0
2005 2010 2020
Based on the estimates in Chart 2, the 2010 projection is a 57% increase from the Census 2000
Caswell Beach population of 370' Any variation in the population increase will likely be caused by
re -zonings allowing more or less dense development or redevelopment of the golf course land.
3.2 Housing Characteristics and Trends in Caswell Beach
Analyzing the type of existing housing stock enables the community, elected officials and Town staff
to get an overall picture of the range of housing opportunities available or needed in the jurisdiction.
Other housing attributes such as the building year of the structure, owner versus renter occupation,
and value, act as indicators to the nature and characteristic of the existing housing stock.
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2006/2007Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Table 7: Type of Housing Unit Comparison For All North Carolina "Municipalities with a
Beach"
(Source. U.S. Census 2000 Population and Housing)
Total
Number
0/6Single Number of
go Multi-
0/6Duplex/
% Manufactured
Number
of Units
Family, out Units in
Family out
Townhome
Housing out of
of
as,
of Total ' Multi-
of Total
out of Total
Total Housing
Municipality
Housing
Single-
Housing Family.
Housing
Housing
Units
Units
Family
Units - Dvlpmnts.
Units
Units
Atlantic Beach
4,728
1,460
30.80/o
1,002
21.1%
20.2%
27.90/o
Bald Head
599
518
87.5%
27
4.6%
7.8%
0.0%
Island
Calabash
508
293
146
28.1%
1.5%
13.9%
Carolina Beach
4,086
1,743
42.8%
1,754
43.1%
11.6%
2.50/ ;
Carolina
838
817
20
2.4%
0.6%
0.2%
Shores
Caswell
571
251
43.7%
266
463%
97%
0.30/b
1
Beach
Emerald Isle
6,017
3,505
58.7%
764
12.8%
11.6%
16.7%
s
HoldenBeach
2,062
1,731
84.7%
53,
2.6%
12.7% ..
0.0%
Indian Beach
1,218
34
2.7%
366
29.4%
0.2%
66.9%
Kill Devil Hills
5,302
4,383
82.9%
569
10.8%
4.1%
2.2%
Kitty Hawk
2,618
1,778
67.8%
264
10.1%
9.2%
12.7%
Kure Beach
1,560
961
61.2%
323
20.6%
13.6%
4.5% ;
Nags Head
4,149
3,459
83.3%
284
6.8%
7.5%
1.6%
North Topsail
2,085
533
25.7%
1,030 =
49.6%.
19.0%
5.6% "
Beach
Oak Island
6,651
5,562
83.5%
132
2.0%
2.5%
11.5%
?.
Ocean Isle
2,507 `
1,743
69.3%
664
26.4% '
4.2%
0.1%
's
Beach
Pine Knoll
2,049
981
47.7%
758
36.8%
15.4%
0.1%
Shores
Southern >
1,921 '
1,882
97.4%'
3
0.2%
2.2%
0.2%
f
Shores
Sunset Beach
2,983
1,591
51.8%
652
21.2%
6.7%
20.3%
Surf City
2,578 '-
1,437
55.6%
245
9.5%
6.4%
28.5%
Topsail Beach
1,149
920
81.10/0
79
7.0%
11.7%
0.3%
Wrightsville
3,050
968
31.3% -
1,077
34.8%
33.4%
0.5%
1
Beach
Brunswick Co.
55.6%
North Carolina
64:4%
NC Beach
2,692
1,661
59.4%
476
19.3%
9.6%
9.8%
Municipal
Average
1
Caswell Beach
Lowest
2°
011
2n1d
Wil
Tied for ."
I
Rank Among
**
Lowest
Lowest
Lowest
Highest
Highest
Lowest
t
Comparison
Communities
*Ranking includes municipalities only. There are 22 municipalities in the ranking.
**Calabash technically had fewer in 2000, but has since approved several thousand -unit developments. Caswell Beach
is lowest among the "municipalities with a beach" in terms of total housing units.
NOTE: Calabash and Carolina Shores do not have a "beach strand" within their jurisdiction, but were added for
comparison because of their location in Brunswick County.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Table 7 above shows that Caswell Beach has the fewest total number of housing units compared
among all the "North Carolina municipalities with a beach". However, the Town has the sixth
lowest percentage of single-family housing units compared to its overall housing stock according to
Census 2000. The Town, as of 2000, actually had slightly more multi -family units as compared to
single-family units, 266 to 251 respectively.
Table 8: Housing Occupancy Comparison For All North Carolina Municipalities with "Beach
Strand"
/C..,­ ! 1 C ('m=20W Pn„nlation nml 14n 6-1
Municipality
Total Number
of Housing
Units
% Housing Units
Occupied All
Year
b Housing
Units Owner .
Occupied
Number
of Vacant
Units
of Vacant
Uruts Designated
as Seasonal; -
Recreational or
Occasional Use
Atlantic Beach
4,728
20.5%
64.7%
3,757
92.0%
Bald Head Island
599
14.7%
87.5%
511
64.8%
Calabash
508
74.2%
74.8%
131
67.2%
Carolina Beach
4,086
56.2%
65.7%
1,790
69.1%
Carolina Shores
838
91.4%
97.5%
72
61.1%
CaswellBeach
571
32.7%
89.80/o,
384
86.7%
Emerald Isle
6,017
27.3%
80.2%
4,373
94.7%
Holden Beach
2,062
18.4%'
87.3%
1,683
64.8%
Indian Beach
1,218
4.1%
82.0%
1,168
98.00/0
Kill Devil Hills
5,302
48.8%
67.4%
2,717
96.1%
Kitty Hawk
2,618
48.3%
74.7%
1,353
94.8%
Kure Beach
1,560 '
46.3%
76.1%
837
42.0%
Nags Head
4,149
27.4%
73.6%
3,011
98.00/0
North Topsail Beach
2,085
21.6%
61.4%
1,634
85.9% .
Oak Island
6,651
46.2%
78.9%
3,575
91.2%
Ocean Isle Beach
2,507
8.3%
86.1%
2,298
64.0% '
Pine Knoll Shores
2,049
37.9%
90.6%
1,273
98.7%
Southern Shores'
1,92E
49.2%
93.7%
975
98.3%
Sunset Beach
2,983
30.5%
90.3%
2,074
87.9%
Surf City
2,578
26.7%
74.7%
1,889
92.8%
Topsail Beach
1,149
21.9%
78.2%
897
83.1%
Wrightsville Beach
3,050
41.8%
55.0%
1,775
62.0%
Brunswick County
59.2110
NC Beach
Municipal Average
2,692
31.4%
78.6%
1,735
81.5%
Caswell Beach Rank Among
North Carolina
Communities with a Beach'
Lowest",
11`
Highest
`
5`
Highest .
3rd
Lowest
12`
Highest
*Ranking includes municipalities only. There are 22 municipalities in the ranking.
**Calabash technically had fewer in 2000, but has since approved several thousand -unit developments. Caswell Beach
is lowest among the "municipalities with a beach" in terms of total housing units.
NOTE: Calabash and Carolina Shores do not have a "beach strand" within their jurisdiction, but were added for
comparison because of their location in "coastal" Brunswick County.
Table 8 shows that Caswell Beach is around the median (half above and half below) for all North
Carolina municipalities with beaches in the ratio of occupied to vacant housing. Implying that
Caswell Beach is typical as far as its proportion of housing dedicated for seasonal visitors. The
Town is also among the highest in the amount of owner occupied units, meaning that of those units
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
occupied year round in Town, almost all are occupied by the owner of the unit rather than by a
long-term renter. Caswell Beach is also around the median of all North Carolina "municipalities
with a beach" for the percentage of its housing stock used for seasonal or recreational rentals, again
implying that Caswell Beach sits in the middle as a seasonal tourism focused community. Meaning
that about half the other beach communities draw or want to draw more seasonal visitors, and half
of the other North Carolina beach communities have a smaller portion of its housing available for
seasonal visitors.
Table 9: Median Year Built, Tenure, Number of Rooms, and Value Comparison of All North
Carolina Municipalities with "Beach Strand"
(Source•. U.S. Census2000 Population and Housing)
Municipality
Median
Year Units
Built
Median Year Householder
Moved Into Unit (Owner
Occupied)
Median Number of
Rooms in Units
Median Value of
Owner Occupied
Housing
Atlantic Beach
1979
1993
4.4
$207,800
Bald Head Island
1992 -
1996
5.3
$525,000
Calabash
1987
. 1994
4.9
$107,400
Carolina Beach
1983
1994
4.4
$156,000
Carolina Shores
1988
1993
6.1
$153,000
Caswell Beach"
1986''
1995
53
$242,300
Emerald Isle
1986
1994
5.2
$200,000
Holden Beach
1985
1994
5.7
$247,300
Indian Beach
1985
1992
4.1
$625,000
Kill Devil Hills
1983
1994
4.9
$104,500
Kitty Hawk
1985
1995
5.3
$144,600
Kure Beach
1983
1996
4.9
$188,300
Nags Head
1985
1995
5.5
$143,900
North Topsail Beach
1986
1996
4:4
- $137,500
Oak Island
1983
1995
5.1
$119,400
Ocean Isle Beach
1987'
1996
5.9
$340,700
Pine Knoll Shores
1989
1993
5.8
$220,500
Southern Shores
1991"
1994
6.6
$221,500
Sunset Beach
1988
1995
5.3
$219,600
Surf City
1985'
1996
4.7
$177,100 .'
Topsail Beach
1982
1993
5.3
$281,300
Wrightsville Beach
1978 '
1992
5.3 -
$480,600
Brunswick County
$95,200
North Carolina
$108,300
NC Beach
Municipal Average
1985
1994
5.2
$249,145
Caswell Beach Rank
Among NC
Communities with a
Beach's
Tied for
5`h
In
Newest
Units
Tied for 2n in Most
Recent Move -ins
Tied for _ Highest
in Number of Rooms
per unit.
Highest
*Ranking includes municipalities only. There are 22 municipalities in the ranking.
NOTE: Calabash and Carolina Shores do not have a "beach strand" within their jurisdiction, but were added for
comparison because of their proximity to Caswell Beach.
Table 9 above suggests that compared to the other beach communities, Caswell Beach is among
those with the newest housing stock. This may play a factor in the amount, or lack thereof, of
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase I Section 3: Analysis of Exiting and Emerging Conditions 24

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
redevelopment activity that may occur in the near future. The trend coast wide is actually for beach
community housing stock to become newer, as older and smaller beach -box houses are either
demolished and the lot redeveloped, or are damaged over time by storms and are eventually
replaced with structures built to stricter standards. The Town is also tied for 2nd for having some of
the most recent move -ins, meaning those occupying the housing in Caswell Beach have typically
only lived in the Town for a short time. The Town is in the top third for number of rooms per unit,
suggesting that the average structure in Caswell Beach is generally slightly larger than the average
structure in two-thirds of the other beach communities. According to Census 2000 data, Caswell
Beach also sits among the top third of the beach communities for median housing value of occupied
units.
Table 10: Caswell Beach Building Permit Data from 2000-September 2006
(Source Town of Caswell Beach Administration/Inspections Department)
Year
Residential BuildingPermits
2000
32
2001
12,
2002
13
2003
9
2004
15
2005
11
Through September 2006
4
TOTAL
96
The 1997 CAMA Land Use Plan shows that there was an annual average of 17 building permits for
new housing units between 1990 and 1997, it also shows that the majority of the Town's existing
housing stock was developed between 1980 and 1990 (63% of the total housing stock that exists
today). However, looking at the building permit over the last seven years shows that other than the
year 2000, the annual rate of new home construction has been below the 1997 Land Use Plan's
annual average. The information in the table also shows that the 2005 and 2006 to date new.
construction totals are well below the average. With the exception of the recently approved 40-
unit Caswell Landing development, annual new construction is expected to continue to decrease in
Town as it nears complete build -out.
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200612007Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
3.3 Local Economy
Like any smaller community with a beach strand, the traditional local economy is predominantly
driven by seasonal tourism and recreation. However, in Caswell Beach this is limited to seasonal
housing rentals and golf course use. The Town of Caswell Beach has no traditional commercial
activity, except for concessions and a small restaurant within the golf course facilities. It has been
the desire since the 1997 Land Use Plan to have extremely limited or no traditional activity as this
would be in conflict with retirement/family resort residential characteristic the Town prefers. Traffic
congestion, lighting, noise, and increased impervious surfaces have been cited by the Town as
reasons for discouraging commercial activity. Town residents do have available commercial and
professional services (including medical) located nearby in Oak Island (less than 1 mile) and
Southport (less than 5 miles), which are both growing in terms of their range of economic activities.
Other quickly growing areas with substantial commercial activities near Caswell Beach include
Shallotte, which is about twenty miles away, and Wilmington, which is about thirty miles away.
Caswell Beach has chosen to remain an overwhelmingly residential community because of a large
supply of nearby commercial activity. CaswellBeach's Land Use Plan policies should reaffirm the
Town's position on these near future commercial development decisions.
The Town assesses a 6% accommodation tax on rental unit activity (of which 50/o goes to the Town
and 10/o to the County). For comparison, the accommodation/occupancy tax rates of other
Brunswick County municipalities are listed below.
Brunswick 1%
Bald Head Island 5%
Caswell Beach 5%
Holden Beach 5%
Oak Island 5%
Ocean Isle Beach 3%
Shallotte 3%
Southport 3%
Sunset Beach 5%
Brunswick County Economy
While a traditional local economy is non-existent and not desired in Caswell Beach, tourism is the
leading economic industry in the County generating $313.65 million in 2004 (latest reporting year)
and providing 4,750 jobs. Brunswick County ranked tenth out of North Carolina's counties in
tourism revenue (see table 12). Brunswick County was also ranked in the 100 fastest growing
counties in the United States by the U.S. Census Bureau in its latest population estimates (2004).
Business and commercial development in the County is expected to increase as the increasing
population requires additional retail, entertainment and professional services. Continued and
sustainable growth in the County and its municipalities relies on the ability to provide adequate
water, sewer and stormwater infrastructure. The County has placed water and sewer expansion as
one of its top priorities in its Vision 2020 Plan. The Town of Caswell Beach will need to continue to
work with The County on the provision of County infrastructure within the Town's jurisdiction.
The Town's growth and quality of life will be dependent on the ability of County infrastructure to
keep pace.
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200612007Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Table 11: Brunswick County Tourism Revenue (1990-2004)
Source: North Carolina Department of commerce, 1 ounsm Kesearcn
Year
Dollars in Millions
1990
$115.83
1991
$122.61
1992
$136.04
1993
$149.16'
1994
$162.97
1995
$176.22
1996
$188.76
1997
$194.57 ,
1998
$215.01
1999
$238.01
2000
$243.51
2001
$248.00
2002
$269.92
2003
$272.58
Table 12: Top 10 Tourism Revenue Generating Counties in 2004
/¢n„- Nnrrh Cnrnlinn llPnartmrnr of CnmmPrPP Trntrkm RPCPnrrh)
County
Revenues
($millions)
Payroll
($millions)
Employment
(thousands)
State Tax
Receipts
$millions
Local Tax Receipts
($millions)
Mecklenburg
2,701.42
1,088.62
38.69
134.22
74.03
Wake
1,136.58
422.19
17.07
57.38
33.35
Guilford
894.35
259.00
12.85
48.43
22.20
Dare
619.14'
152.08
10.91
31.85
30.26
Buncombe
538.61
141.19
8.48
29.05
17.70
Forsyth
98.11
5.76
29.52
9.82
Durham
442.24
107.16
7.19
25.04
13.81
New
Hanover
327.98 "
86.36
'' 5.21'
17.02
13.18
Cumberland
316.73
72.64
4.10
17.78
7.16
Brunswick '
313.65
70.28
4.75
15.62
20.91
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase I Section 3: Analysis of Exiting and Emerging Conditions 27

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Section 4. Natural Systems Analysis
The Natural Systems Analysis section of the Land Use Plan is intended to define, describe and
analyze the natural features and environmental conditions found in the Caswell Beach planning
jurisdiction (Town limits). There are a total of 15 natural features and environmental conditions
identified in this Land Use Plan that contribute to quality of life and property values for residents,
and could impact development suitability for certain types of new development and redevelopment
in Caswell Beach. A general assessment of the capabilities and limitations for certain types of
development, based on the presence or lack thereof of natural features and environmental
conditions, is depicted in the Town's Environmental Composite Map [Map 8].
This Section also contains a series of natural features maps and inventories used to visually display
the condition, location and extent of the natural environment in Town. The inventory (Section 4.2)
in this section calculates an approximate acreage (from the best available data) of natural features .
and environmental conditions in the planning jurisdiction. This information can be used as a
benchmark to track changes in these features in future studies and land use plans. The maps
associated with this section can be used by the Town in situations such as deciding on what
densities or land uses would be most compatible within particular areas of its jurisdiction based on
the natural environment. NOTE: The accuracy of the maps in this section is not to a scale, nor
continuously updated enough, to provide a site -specific determination for any one natural feature
depicted on.the map. Instead, the maps provide general information that allows the Town to
decide whether a closer examination of a particular area may be necessary based on the likelihood
of fragile and quality natural features being present.
The overall purpose of this section is to provide the Town and its decision -making officials with
insight on the presence and function of environmental characteristics that exist in the jurisdiction.
This information should be considered during Town land use decisions which could increase
density, impervious coverage, and/or stormwater runoff in environmentally sensitive areas.
A primary goal of the Town of Caswell Beach found in their existing Land Use Plan and as a part of
this Land Use Plan update is to preserve, conserve, and/or otherwise protect valuable and beneficial
natural resources. Those natural resources primarily being the "Areas of Environmental Concern"
(AECs), which include coastal wetlands, the vegetated dune system, the unvegetated beach areas,
and estuarine shorelines.
The Town also intends to preserve and improve surface water quality through the;
1) the enforcement of its recently implemented stormwater management ordinance,
2) on -going improvements in design and proper maintenance of its existing stormwater
management infrastructure (i.e. vegetated buffers, swales, ditches, outfall systems), and
3) through the elimination of septic systems in the planning jurisdiction. The elimination of
septic systems is a goal of the Town and will be done through the provision of a centralized
sewer system throughout the Town limits. The sewer system will remove the potential for
wastewater seepage and discharge associated with failing or improperly used septic systems
away from coastal waters, to a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Brunswick County.
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4.1 Defining Natural Features and Areas of Environmental Concern
As stated in the introduction to CAMA and the permit process, the Division of Coastal
Management places emphasis on protecting Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs). Definitions
for AECs can be found in the CAMA Guide to Development in Coastal North Carolina
http://dcm2.enr.state.nc.us/Handbook/contents.htm
Features 1— 7 following are all considered and regulated as Areas of Environmental Concern.
1) Coastal Wetland AEC - Coastal Wetlands are any marsh (salt, brackish, or freshwater) in the
20 coastal counties that regularly or occasionally floods by lunar or wind tides, and that includes
one or more of 10 plant species: Salt Marsh (Smooth) Cord Grass, Black Needlerush, Glasswort, Salt
(or Spike) Grass, Sea Lavender, Bulrush, Saw Grass, Cattail, Salt Meadow Grass, Salt Reed or Giant
Cord Grass.
Coastal Wetlands in Caswell Beach
The type of coastal wetlands found in the Caswell Beach planning jurisdiction is
Salt/Brackish Marsh primarily in the extensive tidal marsh and creek system surrounding
the island and running along the Intracoastal Waterway. There are approximately 1,426
acres of coastal wetlands in the planning jurisdiction. See the Areas of Environmental
Concern Map [Map 1] and natural features inventory table for additional information.
Policies found in the current CAMA Land Use Plan reiterate that the Town of Caswell Beach
supports the preservation of coastal wetlands for their aesthetic qualities, flood and erosion
prevention benefit, and for their water cleansing ability. This includes opposing any
construction on sound or estuarine islands, and opposition to marinas and mooring fields.
The Town supports state regulations {15A NCAC 7H .0205 - .0208} which limit the use and
disturbance of coastal wetlands.
2) Inlet Hazard Area AEC - These areas cover the lands next to ocean inlets. Inlet shorelines are
especially vulnerable to erosion and flooding and can move over relatively short time periods. For
each inlet along the coast, the Division of Coastal Management prepares a hazard area map. Each
area is mapped based on a statistical analysis of inlet migration, previous inlet locations, narrow or
low, lands near the inlet, and the influence of man-made features, such as jetties and channelization
projects.
Inlet Hazards in Caswell Beach
There is one inlet hazard area in the vicinity of Caswell Beach, but this area is in the Baptist
Assembly area and not part of the Town's jurisdiction. If the Baptist Assembly property is
sold, the Town will have extraterritorial jurisdiction over the area. This inlet area is also at
the mouth of the Cape Fear River, and likely has a high priority for remaining intact or at
least not impeding to river traffic. See the Areas of Environmental Concern Map [Map 1] for
visual depiction.
If the Town does assume planning jurisdiction over the Baptist Assembly area in the future,
because of the dynamic and constant movement associated with inlet hazard areas, dense or large-
scale development (such as multi -family or buildings in excess of 5,000 total square feet) should be
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
discouraged or not allowed by the Town in an inlet hazard area. Examples of dangers from moving
inlets to development can be seen in communities such as Ocean Isle Beach, Wrightsville Beach and
North Topsail Beach.
3) Estuary Waters and Estuarine Shoreline AEC - Estuarine Waters are oceans, sounds, and
tidal rivers and creeks (including the ICWW), which link to the other parts of the estuarine
system: public trust areas, coastal wetlands and coastal shorelines. Estuarine waters are public
trust areas and may be used by the public if the waters are "navigable" (can float a canoe at high
tide).
Estuarine Shorelines include all lands within 75 feet of the normal high water level of estuarine
waters. Development in this 75 foot "zone" must not cover more than 30% of the area with
impervious surface. Along Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW), this definition includes lands
within 575 feet of the normal high water level. There are no ORW waters in the Town's planning
jurisdiction.
Estuarine Shoreline in Caswell Beach
The estuarine shoreline AEC in Caswell Beach extends 75 feet landward from the mean high
water line of all the shoreline of the Intracoastal Waterway, and all the navigable creeks in
the coastal wetlands surrounding the Caswell Beach island (See the Areas of Environmental
Concern Map [Map 1] for the location of estuarine waters in the planning jurisdiction). Any
development in this 75-foot "zone" must not cover more than 30% of the area with
impervious surface, and development within 30' of the high-water line must be water
dependent (i.e. dock, pier, etc.). A minimum vegetated buffer of 30 feet must also be
maintained. Caswell Beach also enforces a "line of sight" ordinance which prohibits
structures from being built closer to waterfront than the adjacent properties. In certain
cases this may exceed the states setbacks from estuarine waters, at minimum it will meet
the state requirements. Along the estuarine water tidal creeks associated with the
Intracoastal Waterway, existing zoning allows single-family homes (R-20 SF ) along Piney
Point Creek on the north side of the island, and the marsh and spoil system between the
island and the ICWW is zoned Conservation. Existing zoning along the Progress Energy
canal, which is not classified as an estuarine waterbody, is multi -family zoned R-20 MF .
There are areas along Caswell Beach Road that are "marshfront" and are not within 75 feet of
estuarine waters, these areas must follow coastal wetland development regulations. These
marshfront areas are zoned for single-family (R-8 SF). Oceanfront lots follow Ocean
Erodible Setback regulations and not estuarine shoreline setbacks (See following).
Town Policy in the existing Land Use Plan states that the Town opposes the construction of
bulkheads in all conservation areas including ocean hazard areas and estuarine shorelines
which would prohibit migrating shorelines, this includes bulkhead construction behind
coastal wetlands.
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4) Ocean Erodible Area Setbacks AEC — This area covers beaches and any other oceanfront
lands that are subject to long-term erosion and significant shoreline changes. The landward limit of
this AEC required setback is measured from the first line of stable natural vegetation. The first line
of stable natural vegetation is the area on the oceanfront beach where natural dune -stabilizing
plants are present. Such plants include sea oats and American beachgrass.
The Ocean Erodible Area Setback AEC is determined by adding:
o a distance equal to 30 feet (for small structures)` or 60 feet (for large structures)' times
the long-term average annual erosion rate for that stretch of shoreline.
*Small structures include single-family homes and other units under 5,000 square feet of total area. Large
structures generally include multi -family and commercial uses which are 5,000 square feet or more in total
area.
Ocean Erodible Setback Area in Caswell Beach
Caswell Beach has a widely varying erosion rate along its three miles of beach strand. The
erosion rate was last determined in 1998, and requires a time-lapse study to be performed
before it is updated. Shoreline and beach preservation is a top priority of The Town of
Caswell Beach. The Town's Mayor is President of the American Shore and Beach
Preservation Association, and the Town has been implementing a Beach Preservation Plan
since 2003 and annually measures the berm width (dry beach between high water mark and
dune) of seven key erosion spots along the beach strand. The Town received beach
nourishment as part of the Wilmington Harbor Project in 2001, which may have some effect
on the erosion rate update process.
The seven measured locations are [See Map 1: Areas of Environmental Concern Map for site
location and 1998 Erosion Rate Factor]:
• Bill Boyd Way (end of 100 block)
• Middle of 400 Block (did not receive nourishment from 2001 Wilm. Harbor Project)
Middle of 600 block
• Public Beach (700 block)
• Tom Hess Way (800 block)
• Joe O'Brien Way (900 block)
Beach Villas (100 Bldg)
The 2005 Annual State of the Beach Report shows that overall, except for an increase in 2003, the
berm width of all the sites has been steadily decreasing, most notably since 2004. The Report also
states that the actual berm width is also decreasing because the vegetated dune system is
expanding seaward. In 2001, the berm width for the measured locations (except for the 400 Block
area) generally ranged between 135 to 170 feet, by 2005 these measurements decreased to a range
between 110 to 85 feet (for more information see the 2005 Annual State of the Beach Report at
htq2://www.caswellbeach.org/DocumentCenterii.a§p).
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Existing zoning for the measured erosion sites is single-family (R-12), except for the Beach Villas
site which is an existing multi -family complex and is currently zoned Business.
According to Brunswick County Tax Records, the 2006 assessed value for oceanfront structures,
not including the "Beach Villa" multi -family structures, is $22,331,520. The total assessed value
(land and structure) of these same properties is $100,008,660. This includes approximately 100
structures and around 3 vacant lots.
According to Brunswick County Tax Records, the 2006 assessed value for the 174 units in the
"Beach Villa" multi -family complex located at 1000 Caswell Beach Road was $26,143,390 (does not
include land value).
5) Un-vegetated Beach Area AEC — This area is the un-vegetated (sandy beach) portion of the
main beach strand from the low tide level up to the fist line of stable vegetation.
6) High Hazard Flood Area AEC- (Combination of storm surge and flooding) — covers lands
subject to flooding, high waves and heavy water currents during a major storm. These are the lands
identified as coastal flood with velocity hazard, or WE" zones," on the Town's official flood
insurance rate maps (FIRMS). The high hazard flood AEC often overlaps with the ocean erodible
and inlet hazard AECs.
High Hazard Flood Areas in Caswell Beach
Caswell Beach's high hazard flood area (VE Zone) encompasses roughly 75 acres or 21% of
the "land area" in the planning jurisdiction (See Special Flood Hazards Area Map [Map 4]).
This total includes essentially all the areas on the seaward side of Caswell Beach Road, with
more inland encroachment over Caswell Beach Road in the eastern end of the island down
by the Coast Guard Station and Baptist Assembly Area. As stated earlier, zoning in these
areas are primarily single-family (R-12) (roughly 3.5 units per acre). The "Beach Villa"
multi -family complex currently zoned for "Business", and some portions of land zoned for
single-family (R-8) (roughly 5.4 units per acre) on the eastern end of the island are also
within the VE zone. See table below for approximation of total home value in the planning
jurisdiction within a VE zone.
Table 13: Number of Lots and Structure Value in VE Flood Zone
Source: Brunswick County Tax Data and Cape Fear Council of Governments GIS
Total Number of Lots
Total Value of Structure (does not include land
142
$50.3 Million*
*Includes the total value of all the units in the "Beach Villas".
Caswell Beach is a participating community in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and
enforces a Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance through its Administration/Building Inspections
Department. The Flood Prevention Ordinance was adopted in the Spring of 2006 after completion
of the North Carolina Floodplain Mapping Project for the Cape Fear River Basin.
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7) Public Trust Areas AEC — These areas include the coastal waters and submerged lands (land
underwater up to high water line) that belong to the `public" to use for activities such as boating,
swimming or fishing. These areas often overlap and include estuarine waters. The following lands
and waters are considered public trust areas:
o all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands underneath, from the normal high
water mark on shore to the state's official boundary three miles offshore;
o all navigable natural water bodies and the lands underneath, to the normal high
watermark on shore (a body of water is considered navigable if you can float a canoe in it).
This does not include privately owned lakes where the public doesn't have access rights;
o all water in artificially created water bodies that have significant public fishing
resources and are accessible to the public from other waters; and
o all waters in artificially created water bodies where the public has acquired rights
by prescription, custom, usage, dedication or any other means.
o The unvegetated beach strand
Public Trust Areas in Caswell Beach
The public trust waters within or adjacent the Caswell Beach planning jurisdiction include
the Atlantic Ocean, the Intracoastal Waterway, all the navigable creeks surrounding the
Caswell Beach island, and coastal wetlands (if "navigable" at high tide).
4.1.1 Additional Natural Features and Environmental Conditions
Other natural features and environmental conditions in the Caswell Beach planning jurisdiction in
addition to AECs are described below.
8) Water Quality Classifications - Definitions for Water Quality Classifications come from the
NC Division of Water Quality (http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/csu/swc.html). All surface waters in
North Carolina are assigned a primary classification by the NC Division of Water Quality (DWQ).
The tidal/salt water classifications that are applicable to the Caswell Beach planning jurisdiction
are SA and SC.
SC - Surface waters that are used for primary recreation, including swimming, boating or fishing.
Stormwater controls are required under CAMA and there are no categorical restrictions on
discharges.
SA - Surface waters that can be used for shellfishing, and all SC uses. All SA waters are also HQW
by definition. Stormwater controls are required under CAMA. No domestic discharges are
permitted in these waters. Additional stormwater controls are effective July 1, 2007 under NPDES
Phase II for lands that are within one-half mile of and drain to SA waters.
Regulations over SA waters
The North Carolina Sediment and Erosion Control Act has established additional design standards
for "sensitive watersheds" which can be found in 15A NCAC 4B .0124
(http://www.dlr.enr.state.nc.us/images/sedimentrules.doc).
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200612007Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
The Act applies to development activities that disturb one acre or more of land, and is generally
intended to protect water quality during the construction stage. If a Sedimentation and Erosion
Permit is required, a Stormwater Control Permit is also required. The Stormwater Permit is
intended to protect water quality after the construction stage and through the life of the
development. Stormwater permits allow either a low or high -density development option. In a
low -density development, the amount of impervious surface is limited and vegetated buffers are
required along shorelines. In a high -density development, impervious surfaces can be increased but
engineered stormwater control systems (i.e. retention ponds) must be included to control runoff.
The current Stormwater Permit rules can be found at 15A NCAC 2H .1000. As mentioned above,
additional stormwater controls are effective July 1, 2007 under NPDES Phase 11 for lands that are
within one-half mile of and drain to SA waters.
Caswell Beach Stormwater Quality Management and Discharge Control
The Town adopted a stormwater ordinance in 2005, which states in Section 154.06 that the
preservation of water quality and protection against flooding are central environmental goals of the
Town. To reach these goals, the Town adopted the ordinance to:
(A) Regulate new development, redevelopment, and other construction activities
within the jurisdiction of the Town, consistent with federal, state and local
requirements, and the town's environmental goals.
(B) Provide the structure for which the authority of the Town can administer and
enforce stormwater quantity and quality regulations.
The ordinance applies to all single-family and duplex development and redevelopment, in addition
to multi -family development. The ordinance requires Stormwater Management Plans and includes
stormwater management practices such as:
• sediment and erosion control (regardless of lot size).
• vegetated buffer preservation and/or creation along all water bodies including
wetlands.
• provide stormwater management practices which can provide adequate retention
and infiltration of the first one and one half inches of rainfall.
Water Quality in Caswell Beach
Caswell Beach water quality classifications are primarily SA for the Intracoastal Waterway and all
other waters surrounding the island, except for some tidal creeks classified SC (See Water Quality
Characteristics Map [Map 2]). However, all of the SA waters are closed to shellfishing.
According to the 2005 Cape Fear River Basin Water Quality Plan, the following Creeks located in
sub -basin 03-06-17 and intersecting the Town of Caswell Beach planning jurisdiction are impaired
(i.e. closed) to shellfish harvesting and will be placed on the state's 303 (d) list of impaired waters.
Waters on the 303 (d) list are supposed to have.Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) limits on the
pollutants that are causing the impairment. The 2005 Cape Fear Basin Plan states that TMDL
requirements will take 8 to 12 years to develop (from 2005). Those creeks which are on the 303 (d)
list and found wholly or partly within the jurisdiction of Caswell Beach include:
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Dutchman Creek, Dutchman Creek Outlet Channel and Dutchman Creek Shellfish
Area
Dutchman Creek, the Outlet Channel and Shellfish Area around the ICWW (192 acres)
are Impaired for shellfish harvesting because these segments are classified by the
Department of Environmental Heath, Shellfish Sanitation Branch as exceeding
standards for fecal coliform (bacteria found in the waste of warm blooded animals,
sources include septics, wastewater plants, and pets).
Elizabeth River, Elizabeth River Shellfishing Area and Molasses Creek Shellfish
Area
Elizabeth River, Shellfish Area and Molasses Creek south of the ICWW (290.1 acres)
are Impaired for shellfish harvesting because these segments are exceeding standards
for fecal coliform.
Dennis Creek and Piney Point Creek
Dennis Creek and Piney Point Creek south of the ICWW (45.7 acres) are Impaired for
shellfish Harvesting because these segments are exceeding standards for fecal coliform.
Coward Creek
Coward Creek from source to the Cape Fear River (5.9 acres) is Impaired for shellfish
harvesting because this segment is exceeding standards for fecal coliform.
Policy in the Town's existing CAMA Land Use Plan states that the Town supports the preservation
of water quality in its estuarine and public trust waters. Town policy is also to work with the
North Carolina Division of Water Quality to identify and reduce or eliminate the sources of
pollution to area surface waters. The Town of Caswell Beach has begun or will undertake certain
activities that should reduce or stabilize the contributing factors to the surface water quality
problems in the jurisdiction. Those activities include:
replacing septic systems with centralized sewer.
requiring stormwater runoff controls and vegetative buffer and/or BMP standards for
new developments and substantial redevelopments.
Providing education and outreach to homeowners on the effects of stormwater runoff
and how to prevent/minimize discharging pollutants on their property (i.e. resource
guides on the Town website, and public workshops).
9) Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA or 100-yr flood zones) - The SFHA is defined as an area
of land that would be inundated by a flood having a 10/6 chance of occurring in any given year
(previously referred to as the base flood or 100-year flood).
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The Special Flood Hazard Areas in the Caswell Beach jurisdiction include the following two flood
zones:
AE - Zone AE is the flood insurance rate zone that correspond to the 100-year floodplains
that are determined in a Flood Insurance Study by FEMA.
VE - Zone VE is the flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to the 100-year coastal
floodplains that have additional hazards associated with wave action caused by storm
events.
Flood Zones in Caswell Beach
According to the 2006 NC Floodplain Mapping Program information, the 100-yr flood zones in the
Caswell Beach planning jurisdiction are AE and VE. 82% of the Town "land area" is within either
the VE or AE zone. The VE zone accounts for a little over 21% of that total. The AE zone
encompasses 218 acres or 61% of the 360 acres of "land area" in the planning jurisdiction (See
Special Flood Hazards Area Map [Map 4]). See table below for information on the number of lots
and home value intersecting the Special Flood Hazard Areas (AE and VE).
Table 14: Number of Lots in SFHA Flood Zones
Source: Brunswick County Tax Data and Cape Fear Council of Governments GIS
Flood Zone
Total Number of Lots
(Approximately)
Total ;Value 'of Homes (does not include,
land
VE
142
$50.3 Million*
AE
295
$34.5 Million
*Includes the total value of all the units in the "Beach Villas".
Caswell Beach is a participating community in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and
enforces a Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance through its Administration/Building Inspections
Department. The Flood Prevention Ordinance was adopted in the Spring of 2006 after completion
of the North Carolina Floodplain Mapping Program for the Cape Fear River Basin. According to
historical NFIP claims data from 1978 to 2006, Caswell Beach has one of the lowest damage claim
and damage payout levels for all "North Carolina communities with a beach strand" (see the table
following for comparison). See policy 44 on page 112 pertaining to mitigation strategies regarding
flood zones in Caswell Beach identified in the towns Hazard Mitigation Plan.
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Table 15: NFIP Claims and Pavments Among North Carolina Municipalities with a Beach
Municipality
Total Claims*.` 1978-2006
Total Pa ents 1978-2006
Atlantic Beach
623
$ 3,174,239.90
Bald Head Island
293
$ 2,001,376.87
Brunswick County
(Unincorporated Areas
346
$ 3,751,602.87
Carolina Beach
2,338
$ 30,399,551.88
Caswell Beach
129
$ 634,111.94
Emerald Isle
1,330
$ 7,577,616.07
Holden Beach
2,023
$11,405,465.37
Indian Beach
24
$ 69,021.26
Kill Devil Hills
1,259
$10,237,411.04
Kitty Hawk
947
$ 9,828,751.89
Kure Beach
472
$14,984,255.11
Nags Head
2,226
$ 21,671,368.28
North Topsail Beach
1,149
$12,088,871.35
Oak Island
2,168
$18,844,246.53
Ocean Isle Beach
1,534
$ 7,252,406.86
Pine Knoll Shores
231
$ 866,974.44
Sunset Beach
212
$ 292,587.00
Surf City
1,732
$15,238,558.78
Topsail Beach
2,134
$ 21,090,817.22
Wrightsville Beach
3,112
$ 45,468,942.76
Caswell Beach Rank
2" Lowest
3r Lowest
* Loss claims are for damages in excess of 25-50% of the property value
10) Hurricane Storm Surge Innundation Area (Fast Moving Storm) -
The National Hurricane Center, in cooperation with the North Carolina Center for Geographic
Information and Analysis, developed the GIS data set, "Hurricane Storm Surge Inundation Areas
(1993)", to reevaluate the extent of the areas affected by hurricane inundation along the North
Carolina coast. The data shows the extent of hurricane storm surge inundation based on the
SLOSH (Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes) models, for the North Carolina coast.
The FAST model, used for Caswell Beach Maps and statistics, depicts hurricanes with forward
velocities greater than 15mph (See Storm Surge Inundation Map [Map 5]).
Storm surge is water that is pushed toward the shore by the force of the winds swirling around the
storm. This advancing surge combines with the normal tides to create the hurricane storm tide,
which can increase the mean water level 15 feet or more. In addition, wind driven waves are
superimposed on the storm tide. This rise in water level can cause severe flooding in coastal areas,
particularly when the storm tide coincides with the normal high tides. The storm surge inundation
area data used for the planning jurisdiction is based on the SLOSH Model developed by NOAA's
National Weather Service.
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Storm Surge Inundation in Caswell Beach
In Caswell Beach, which has a peak elevation of 20 to 25 feet, the entire Town is expected to
be inundated during a Category 4 or 5 Hurricane. Eighty-three percent of the total "land
area" in the planning jurisdiction is likely to be innundated during a Category 1 or 2
hurricane and 98% in a Category 3 hurricane. (See Storm Surge Inundation Map [Map 5]).
11) Non -coastal wetlands/propable 404 wetlands (NC -CREWS) —
Section 404 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act ("the Clean Water Act") defines wetlands
as "areas that are inundated or saturated by surface water or ground water at a frequency and
duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of
vegetation adapted to life in saturated soil conditions."
"Any person, firm, or agency (including Federal, state, and local government agencies) planning to
work in navigable waters of the United States, or discharge (dump, place, deposit) dredged or fill
material in waters of the United States, including wetlands, must first obtain a permit from the
Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE)". If an activity requires an ACOE `404' permit, the state of North
Carolina requires that a `401' water quality certification be obtained as well. The `401' certification
is basically a verification by the state that a given project will not degrade waters of the State or
otherwise violate water quality standards.
The North Carolina Coastal Region Evaluation of Wetland Significance, or NC -CREWS, is a
watershed -based wetlands assessment model that assesses the level of water quality, wildlife
habitat, and hydrologic functions of individual wetlands. The primary objective of the NC -CREWS
wetland functional assessment is to provide local government planners with information about the
relative ecological importance of wetlands for use in land use planning and the overall management
of wetlands. NC -CREWS produces 3 possible overall wetland rating scores: Exceptional
Significance, Substantial Significance, or Beneficial Significance. NC -CREWS also evaluates the
potential risk to watershed integrity if identified wetlands were "lost" due to filling or draining.
Non -Coastal Wetlands identified as NC —CREWS in CaswellBeach
The types of non -coastal wetlands located in the Caswell Beach planning jurisdiction are:
Estuarine Shrub Scrub (9 acres)
• Depressional Swamp Forest (8 acres)
Managed Pineland (4 acres)
The bulk of the above wetlands are located along the inland water bodies and fringes of the Oak
Island Golf Course. The Estuarine Shrub Scrub wetlands are found along the fringes of the coastal
wetlands near the Coast Guard Station. (See The North Carolina Coastal Resource Evaluation of
Wetland Systems NC -CREWS Map [Map 6]).
While most of these types of wetlands will be regulated by the Army Corps of Engineers 404
Permitting Unit and the State's 401 Water Quality Certification Program, the Town of Caswell
Beach can help protect these areas by not allowing future re -zonings to a more dense use in areas
where theses wetlands may be present.
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A description of the types of wetlands found in the planning jurisdiction are below.
Estuarine shrub scrub - Any shrub/scrub vegetation dominated habitat subject to occasional
flooding by tides, including wind tides (whether or not the tidewaters reach the marshland
areas through natural or artificial watercourses).
Managed Pinelands - Seasonally saturated, managed pine forests occurring on hydric soils.
This wetland category may also contain non -managed pine forests occurring on hydric soils.
Generally these are areas that were not shown on National Wetland Inventory maps. These
areas may or may not be jurisdictional wetlands.
Depressional Swamp Forest - Non-riverine forested or shrub/scrub habitat that are
temporarily flooded.
For more information on wetland types go to:
http://www.nccoastalmanagement.net/\Vetlands/VVTYPEMAPDOC.pdf
12) Fish Nursery Areas - Salt marshes and estuaries (salt and freshwater mix) along our coast
serve as nursery grounds for 90 percent of our fisheries.
Primary Nursery Areas are located in the upper portions of creeks and bays. These areas are usually
shallow with soft muddy bottoms and surrounded by marshes and wetlands. Lower salinity and the
abundance of food in these areas are ideal for young fish and shellfish. To protect juveniles, many
commercial fishing activities are prohibited in these waters; including the use of trawl nets, seine
nets, dredges or any mechanical methods used for taking clams or oysters. Marina activities that
will require new dredging activities are not allowed in Primary Nursery Areas.
Existing Town Policy found in the current CAMA Land Use Plan states that the Town opposes
marina and mooring field development. As mentioned above, these two uses may negatively impact
fish nursery areas.
Fish Nursery Areas in Caswell Beach
There are 80,144 acres designated as Primary Nursery Areas in North Carolina, the Caswell
Beach planning jurisdiction contains 1,022 acres or about 1.3% of the state's total. See the
Primary Nursery Areas and Significant Natural Heritage Areas Map [Map 7] for fish nursery
area locations.
The Division of Marine Fisheries prohibits new dredging in waters classified as Primary
Fish Nursery areas. Areas where dredging has occurred in the past is grandfathered and
allowable with conditions. The new dredging prohibition includes any activity including
piers, docks and marinas. As with 404 wetlands, a final site survey is necessary for
verification of the area's environmental condition (e.g. whether the exact site is a functional
Primary Nursery or not).
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
13) Environmentally Fragile Areas (Significant Natural Herita eg Areas) - Significant Natural
Heritage Areas (SNHA) are areas identifying sites (land or water) that have special environmental
significance. A site's significance may be due to the presence of rare species, rare or high quality
natural habitat, or other important ecological features.
Significant Natural Heritage Areas (SNHA) in Caswell Beach
Fort Caswell Dune and Marsh System
Fort Caswell Dune and Marsh System (1,096 acs. in Town jurisdiction) is located on the
eastern side of the island and is considered a Significant Natural Heritage Area by the North
Carolina Natural Heritage Program. The area consists of several rows of dunes at Fort
Caswell, plus extensive salt marshes at the backside of Caswell Beach. The lawns and
developed areas at the fort are excluded. Many rare plants grow on the dunes. Loggerhead
sea turtles and rare green turtles use the beaches for nesting. Part of the site is protected as
part of a conservation easement with the North Carolina Coastal Land Trust, the remainder
is privately owned. See the Primary Nursery Areas and Significant Natural Heritage Areas
Map [Map 7]
Lower Cape Fear Aquatic Habitat
Lower Cape Fear Aquatic Habitat (544 acs. in Town jurisdiction) is located in the marsh
and estuary waters towards the Intracoastal Waterway and Cape Fear River in the
easternmost portion of the Town limits. Habitat includes the open, estuarine, tidal waters
of the lower Cape Fear River and its tributaries. These waters support the Federal and State
Endangered manatee and shortnose sturgeon, as well as the State Threatened American
alligator. Four estuarine fish species that are considered Significantly Rare also occur in
this area. The site is owned by the State as public waters. See the Primary Nursery Areas
and Significant Natural Heritage Areas Map [Map 7].
14) Closed Shellfishing Areas —Closed shellfish areas are areas where shellfish harvesting is
prohibited by law due to unsafe levels of pollutants caused by conditions such as wastewater
discharge and non -point source stormwater run-off containing fecal coliform bacteria.
Closed Shellfishing Areas in Caswell Beach
Within the planning jurisdiction of Caswell Beach, all waters are classified closed to
shellfishing (See #8 "Water Quality" in this Section for more description on water quality in
the planning jurisdiction). Also See the Water Quality Characteristics Map [Map 2]. The
Shellfish Growing Areas Map [Map 13] displays shellfishing growing areas surrounding
Caswell Beach.
15) Soils — Soils are a natural feature that can impact the environment and quality of life in the
jurisdiction due to their suitability or lack thereof for septic systems or other ground infusion of
wastewater. Currently, the main wastewater treatment method in Town is privately owned package
treatment plants and individual septic systems. Both of these wastewater treatment methods utilize
infusion of treated waste into the soil. As shown in the Soils with Septic Limitations Map [Map 3],
the entire "land area" in Town consists of soils, which have severe limitations to septic or other
infusion system use. The Town is in the process of implementing a centralized sewer system and
decommissioning septics and package treatment plants. See Section 6: Community Facilities
Analysis for more information on the wastewater treatment systems in Town.
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200612007Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
4.2 Natural Features and Environmental Conditions Inventory
The information on natural features and environmental conditions in the table below was gathered
by the Cape Fear Council of Governments through geo-processing and summarization of geographic
data using geographic information systems (GIS). The majority of spatial (geographic) data used in
this Land Use Plan was provided by the North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and
Analysis and the Division of Coastal Management.
The table below has similar information to what was just discussed in Section 4.1 and 4.1.1, it is
just presented in table format for quicker viewing.
NOTE: These acreage calculations are derived from generalized data and are for general planning and
informational purposes only.
Table 16: Natural Features Inventory
'Acres in Corporate Limits
;- a ' t Comments
Total Area in Planning Jurisdiction
Approx. 2,591
Source: County GIS Corporate Limits Data
and Town of Caswell Beach Jurisdiction
Data
"Land above MHW"
360 (or 14%)
Totals are approximations using Aerial
"Water/Wet Marsh/Spoils"
2,231(or 86%)
Photography and Soils Data to establish
land" versus "wet" areas.
Natural Features and
Planning Jurisdiction (Town,
Comments
Environmental Conditions
Limits and
Areas of Environmental Concern
AECs
Coastal wetlands
1,426
99.90/o of wetland types are Salt/Brackish
Marsh. (See Ma 1)
Estuarine waters
510 SA;
SA = Surface waters that are used for
86 SC;
shellfishing or marketing purposes, and all
SC uses. SC = All tidal salt waters
protected for secondary recreation such as
fishing, boating and other activities
involving minimal skin contact.
State, Federal or Institutional
1,495
The State of North Carolina (533 acs.), the
Protected Areas (land and marsh
Corps of Engineers (413 acs), The Town of
areas)
Caswell Beach (19 acs), and North Carolina
Coastal Land Trust (530 acs) own portions
of the extensive marsh system surrounding
the Town.
High hazard flood area
See comment and flood and
SFHA/100 Yr wave Velocity (VE) Flood
storm surge acreage
areas and storm surge areas are considered
High Hazard Flood Areas
Inlet hazard area (IHA)
N/A
IHA affects the Baptist Assembly, but no
areas in the Town Limits.
Historic/Archaeological Area
Land inside HD
N/A
Fort Caswell (Baptist Assembly area) has
archaeological significance, but this is not
within the Towns jurisdiction.
Land w/in 500' of historic area
N/A
Soils
ere Septic Limitations
Entire 360 acre "land area" in
The entire "land area" jurisdiction has
r
Jurisdiction
severe septic limitations due to soils (i.e.
ondin , poor filter, wetness).
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Natural Features and
Planning Jurisdiction (Town
Comments
Environmental Conditions
' Limits and E
Non -coastal wetlands (CREWS)
Wetlands not classified as "coastal
wetlands", but have hydric soils and/or land
cover conducive to wetlands.
Exceptional significance, high
N/A
potential risk to watershed quality if
lost
Exceptional significance, not high
9 acs. Estuarine Shrub Scrub;
potential risk to watershed if lost
7 acs. Depressional Swamp
Forest;
1 ac.
Substantial significance, high potential
N/A
risk to watershed quality if lost
Substantial significance, not high
1 ac. Depressional Swamp
potential risk to watershed if lost
Forest;
4 acs. Managed pineland
Beneficial, high potential risk
N/A
Beneficial, not high potential risk
N/A
Natural Hazards
Within 100-yr flood
218 acs. or 61% of the land area
AE and VE zones are considered to be
in Town is in the (AE) zone;
Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA). See
75 acs. or 21% of the planning
Map 4.
jurisdiction is in the VE zone.
Inundated by Hurricane Storm Surge
297 acres or 83% of the "land
Fast Moving Hurricane Model used to
area" in Town are inundated in a
calculate inundation acreage.
Category 1 &Y 2 hurricane. In
addition to the 297 acs. from the
See Map 5 for inundation areas.
Cat.1 &r2, another 54 acres of
the planning jurisdiction would
be inundated during a Category
3 hurricane. For a total of 351
acres or 98% of the "land area".
In addition to the 351 from the
Cat. 3, another 9 acres or 100%
of the "land area" in Town are
modeled to be inundated during
a Category 4 &z 5 hurricane.
Hazardous Substance Disposal Site
N/A
NPDES
N/A
Water Quality
HQW/ORW watershed (drainage
See Comment
The entire planning jurisdiction (except for
basin)
westernmostportion) drains to SA waters.
Water supply rotection watersheds
N/A
Significant Natural Heritage Area
1,640
1,096 acs of "Fort Caswell Dunes and
Marshes", some of this privately owned but
much is state or federally owned. 544 acres
of "Lower Cape Fear Aquatic Habitat",
publicly owned as public trust waters.
Fish Nursery Areas
1,022
All fish nursery areas in the planning
(out of approx. 2,230 acres of
jurisdiction are PRIMARY fish nursery
marsh/water in jurisdiction)
areas.
Closed Shellfishing Areas
1,111
See Map 2.
(essentially all waters within the
jurisdiction)
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200612007Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
4.3 The Environmental Composite Map
The environmental composite refers to the geographic extent and overlap of the natural features and
environmental conditions described previously in this section. The Environmental Composite Map
categorizes the area of the planning jurisdiction into three classes of land based on the lan&s suitability
for various types of development. The "Class" a particular area of the jurisdiction is in is based on the
extent and the characteristics of natural features and conditions present in that particular area. For
example, land in the flood zone will be in a "Class" that has limited or restricted development
suitability. Table 1 below shows the three general but distinct classes of land established for the
composite map. The table also identifies the natural features and environmental conditions that
determine which "Class" the area will be placed. See Map 8: Environmental Composite Map.
Environmental Class
Mapping Symbol
Natural Features and Hazards Constraints
Graduated Color Scale
Class I — Land containing only minimal
hazards and having only slight limitations
-Non-wetland area or wetland rated
that may be addressed by sound land
beneficial and not high potential risk (NC -
planning and development practices
CREWS)
-Land located outside 100 year flood hazard
area
-Land located outside storm surge area
Class II — Land containing development
-Estuarine shoreline
hazards and limitations that may be
-High hazard flood area
addressed by methods such as restrictions
-Soils with moderate to severe septic
on types of land uses, special site
limitations
planning, or provision of public services
-Soils with moderate to severe erosion
hazards
- Non -coastal wetland area rated beneficial
and high potential risk or substantial
significance (NC -CREWS)
-Land located within a 100 year flood hazard
area
-Land located within storm surge area
Class III — Land containing serious
-Coastal Wetland
hazards for development or lands where
-Estuarine Waters
the impacts of development would cause
-Public Trust/Protected lands
serious damage to the values of natural
-Unvegetated beach area
systems
-Non-coastal wetlands rated as substantial
significance with high potential risk or
exceptional significance with or without
high potential risk (NC -CREWS)
-Significant Natural Heritage Area
-Inlet Hazard area
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2006/2007 Town oCaswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
4.4 Land Suitability Analysis
The land suitability analysis is a CAMA required process for estimating the supply of land in the
planning area that is suitable for development. The supply of land and its suitability rating is depicted
in the Land Suitability Analysis Map (See Map 10). The overall purpose of the analysis is to provide the
local planning team with information on the apparent best and least suited areas for development in
order to guide the formulation of policies. The supply of land in the analysis primarily refers to actual
undeveloped land which may experience future development, but all land in the planning jurisdiction
was evaluated whether developed or undeveloped. Therefore, for the purposes of describing the
suitability process, we will from now on primarily refer to the evaluation of land, as the evaluation of
undeveloped land. As a result of the overall analysis process, the undeveloped land was rated based on
the degree to which it was suitable for future development. The rating system for the analysis is based
on the Division of Coastal Management's recommended weights for each factor (See the Table
following). The suitability ratings for undeveloped fall into one of four categories ranging from Least
Suitable for Development, Low Suitability, Medium Suitability, and Highly Suited for Development
The suitability rating is based on several `factors' that may exist on or near the undeveloped land which
would affect its overall suitability. For example, consider an acre of undeveloped land which has access
to water and sewer infrastructure (a positive `factor' for development suitability), but also has a
wetland area present (a negative 'factor' for development suitability), therefore the overall rating of this
land would probably be medium suitability. This example was a simplification however, and each acre
of undeveloped land was evaluated based on a number of `factors' in addition to the `factors' of access to
water and sewer, or presence of a wetland.
It is important to note that the coastal wetland, exceptional and substantial wetland, estuarine water,
protected lands, and state and federal land factors were automatically categorized as least suited for
development and were excluded from Town ranking. Also note that for the purposes of measuring
suitability across different areas or pieces of land, the land of the planning jurisdiction was divided into
one -acre grid cells. Each one -acre grid cell was measured for suitability based on the totality of `factors'
affecting it.
Some of the `factors' used to evaluate undeveloped land are generalized below:
• The presence or lack thereof of all the natural features characteristics that were included in the
Environmental Composite Map
• Proximity to existing development and man-made features (whether services are near and other
development has occurred in proximity)
• Compatibility with nearby existing land uses (proximity or presence of negative uses such as
NPDES site or WWTP, etc. to the undeveloped land)
• Potential impact of development on historically, culturally significant, or scenic
Sites (proximity or presence of such features to the undeveloped land)
• Availability and capacity of community facilities (proximity of the undeveloped land to existing
water and sewer, roads, and other adequately supporting infrastructure)
• Regulatory restrictions on land development (whether the undeveloped land is owned or
restricted from development by local, state, or federal governments)
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
The following table shows the natural feature "factors" found in the planning jurisdiction and its
ranked importance for being suitable for development.
Factor Name
Least Suitable
Low Suitability
Medium
Suitability
High Suitability
Assigned
Weight
1, 2 or 3
Coastal Wetlands
Exclusion
An Area Inside
An Area Outside
Not Ranked
Exceptional and
Substantial
oncoastal
Wetlands
Exclusion
An Area Inside
An Area Outside
Not Ranked
Estuarine Waters
Exclusion
An Area Inside
An Area Outside
Not Ranked'
Protected Lands
Exclusion
An Area Inside
An Area Outside
Not Ranked'
Federal Lands
An Area Inside
An Area Outside
Not Ranked
State
An Area Inside
An Area Outside
Not Ranked
-Lands
Beneficial
Noncoastal
Wetlands
Weighted
An Area Inside
An Area Outside
1
High Quality
Waters
An Area Inside
An Area Outside
1
Storm Surge Areas
Weighted
An Area Inside
An Area Outside
2
100 Yr Flood Zones
Weighted
An Area Inside
An Area Outside
2
Significant Natural
Heritage Areas
Weighted
Area < 500' from
Area) 500' from
2
Hazardous
Substance Disposal
Sites N/A
Weighted
Area < 500' from
Area > 500' from
i
NPDES Sites N/A
Weighted
Area < 500' From
Area > 500' from
1
Wastewater
Treatment Plants
Weighted
Area < 500' from
Area > 500' from
1
Developed Land
Weighted
Area) 1 mi from
.5 -1 mi
< .5 mi
1
Primary Roads
Weighted
Area) 1 mi from
.5 -1 mi
< .5 mi
2
Water Pipes
Weighted
Area ).5 mi from
.25 -.5 mi
< .25 mi
3
Sewer Pipes N/A
Weighted
Area > .5 mi from
.25 -.5 mi
< .25 mi
3
�ssigncd Weight: 1= Important 2 = Very important 3 = Highest importance for development
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2006/2007 Toxin of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Section 5. Existing Land Use Analysis
Introduction
This section provides the local elected officials, appointed boards, citizens and local planning staff with
an overall `picture' of the existing land use patterns in the planning jurisdiction. An assessment of these
patterns, and the identification of available areas for development and/or redevelopment, helps in
forecasting where, what type and how much development will and can occur. Part of the planning and
policy forming process in this Land Use Plan will be to determine whether the forecasted types and
quantities of development are consistent with the Town's desired vision for growth.
While the platted lots in the Town of Caswell Beach have almost all been developed, there do remain
land and structures which have the potential for redevelopment. In particular, the portion of the Oak
Island Golf Course residing in the Town's planning jurisdiction has the potential for future
redevelopment to a different use. The Town has stated its desire to maintain the functioning of the golf
course in its existing state. The golf course area is a top issue in the Town because the acreage of the
golf course makes up approximately 1/41h of the total contiguous land area in Caswell Beach.
Furthermore, the presence of the golf course and its recreational and open space amenities contributes
significantly to the quality of life and existing property values for residents and property owners.
Other forms of redevelopment that may occur in Town include the demolition or removal of homes
approaching 30 or more years in age being replaced with homes more likely to be built to the maximum
allowable dimensions under the Town's development ordinances (i.e. zoning). Typically, this is more
common along the beachfront properties where the smaller and older "beach box" homes may be
replaced with homes that have additional bedrooms and square footage to accommodate more seasonal
occupants. There can be both positives (i.e. improved building standards and tax base) and negatives
(i.e. visual barriers and infrastructure demand) with this form of redevelopment. It will be up to the
Town of Caswell Beach to establish policy in this Land Use Plan as to how such redevelopment should
be managed, and to what extent it should be encouraged or discouraged.
Other information in this Section includes identifying current and potential land use conflicts, such as
residential uses in close proximity to environmentally sensitive areas (i.e. eroding beaches or coastal
wetlands). This section will also identify areas in transition where new development is expected, and
areas where in -fill or redevelopment are feasible and/or desirable. As previously mentioned, new
development is limited in Town due to near build -out of the platted land. However, information and
maps are still provided to show the location and extent of the vacant lots where new development is
expected. Most importantly, the information in this Section is intended to assist in establishing the
Town's Future Land Use Map, which will visually depict the types, densities and locations of desired
future land -uses in Town. In other words, the Future Land Use Map will resemble a zoning map for
the near future. However, it is important to note that the Future Land Use Map will not have the
regulatory authority of a zoning map, rather, it is intended to be a planning and guidance tool to use
when making adjustments to the Official Zoning Map and Ordinance over the next 5 to 10 years.
More specifically, information found in this Section includes:
o An explanation of land use related terms, and an explanation of the creation of the
existing land use analysis and maps;
o Tables listing existing land use statistics throughout the planning jurisdiction and
in key adjacent areas;
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
o Graphics and maps showing the existing land use and the "vacant" land areas by
Zoning District;
o Identification of significant land use compatibility problems;
o Identification of areas experiencing or likely to experience changes in the
existing predominant land uses;
o Identification of areas expected to develop or redevelop in the next 5 to 10 years; and
o Identification of significant land use effects on surface water quality.
Definitions of Land Use Related Terms
The following are definitions of terms used to describe the types of structures and land -uses discussed
in this Section. Where available, definitions were taken from Section 153.002 of the Caswell Beach
Zoning Ordinance in order to remain consistent with Town standards. The Town defined terms are
labeled with asterisks*. Other common terms used in this Section, that are not defined in the Towes
Zoning Ordinance, come from common use of the terms in planning and real estate.
Dwelling - a building or portion thereof designed, arranged or used for permanent living quarters
for one or more families. Dwellings do not include motel/hotels.
Single Family Dwelling - A detached permanent building designed for or occupied exclusively
by one family.
Single -Family Attached (Townhouse)- a single-family unit constructed in a series or group of
attached units with property lines separating the units and each unit having its own parcel.
Duplex - a building, designed for two single-family dwelling units, divided horizontally or
vertically sharing a single parcel.
Multi -Family- a building with three or more separate dwelling units which may share means of
egress and ingress, other facilities and located on a single parcel.
Condominium (common land ownership) - A real estate project with a type of ownership that
enables a person to own an apartment or house in a project of similar units. The owner has his/her
own deed and, most likely, his/her own mortgage on the unit. Each unit owner has title to their
unit, an undivided interest in the common areas of the project, and sometimes the exclusive use of
certain limited common areas. Ownership of a unit may cover single-family houses, including row
houses and townhouses, as well as multi -family apartments.
Common Area - an area which is mutually owned and for the private use of residents within a
development. Usually found as open land around a multi -family development which individual
residents can use in lieu of having a private yard.
Common Open Space* - A parcel/parcels of land or an area of water or a combination of both land
and water within the site designated for a planned development, a cluster development, or a one -
family attached dwelling development, designed and intended for the use of residents of the
proposed development. Common Open space shall be substantially free of structures but may
include some improvements if approved.
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2006/2007 Town oCaswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Parcel - a single tract or lot with an official boundary established, usually for the purpose of
designating ownership.
Tract -a single piece of land that has not been subdivided, but is typically large enough to be
subdivided.
Lot' - A parcel of land occupied by one main building or use, with its accessories and including the
open spaces accessory to it.
Plat' - A map showing the property boundaries of land subdivided into plots/lots, blocks and
streets from a larger tract.
Building Height- The vertical distance from the mean elevation of the finished grade along the
front of the building to the highest point of a flat roof, or to the deck line of the mansard roof, or to
the mean height level between eaves and ridge for gable, hip and gambrel roofs. The vertical
distance shall not exceed the higher of:
a) 26 feet above the Regulatory Flood Protection Elevation; or
b) 35 feet above the mean elevation
Gable - The upper portion of a sidewall that comes to a triangular point at the ridge of a sloping
roof.
Gable roof - A type of roof containing sloping planes of the same pitch on each side of the ridge.
Contains a gable at each end.
Gambrel roof -A type of roof containing two sloping planes of different pitch on each side of the '
ridge. The lower plane has a steeper slope than the upper. Contains a gable at each end.
Hip roof -A type of roof containing sloping planes of the same pitch on each of four sides. Contains
no gables.
Mansard roof - A type of roof containing two sloping planes of different pitch on each of four sides.
The lower plane.has a much steeper pitch than the upper, often approaching vertical. Contains no
gables.
Source of Existing Land Use Analysis and Map
The Existing Land Use Map and associated analysis and tables were created by the Cape Fear Council
of Governments using Brunswick County Tax Records updated on July 2006, Brunswick County on-
line property records search updated November 2006, full -color orthophotos (map qualitdy aerial
photos) taken in the winter of 2004, and a windshield survey conducted on November 2' , 2006.
Creation of the Existing Land Use Map
The Existing Land Use Map shows the primary land use identified on each parcel in the planning
jurisdiction. For example, there are two parcels used for the Oak Island Golf Course, these parcels are
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
therefore classified as having an existing "golf course use". Parcels that are undeveloped and are likely
to be developed are classified as having a `vacant" existing use. Parcels classified with a "Residential"
land -use were further broken-down by their existing residential housing type, and are shown on the
Map by the type of housing found on each parcel, such as single-family. Parcels classified as "Likely
Undevelopable" are designated as such due to their location along the erodible beachfront and under
the setback requirements from the vegetated dune line. Parcels classified as "Vacant/Common Area"
are parcels that are currently undeveloped and are more or less suited for development, but are
currently in common ownership and may have deed restrictions or open space requirements precluding
any future development.
5.1 Existing Land Use in the Planning jurisdiction
Table 17 below re -caps the land, water and size characteristics of the planning jurisdiction, which was
previously discussed in Section 4. Table 17 shows there are 2,591 acres in the entire planning
jurisdiction (Town Limits), and approximately 360 acres of that total are "above the mean high water
(MHW) line", meaning it is generally dry land and not inundated during high tide.
o Using the 360 acre total shows that approximately 14% of the planning jurisdiction island
[360 dry land acres divided by 2,591 total jurisdiction acres].
While there may be acreage of land above the MHW in the spoil and marsh islands between the
mainland and the island, these areas were not included in the total because of their characterization as
highly unsuitable for development due to low elevation, isolation from infrastructure and presence of
coastal wetlands. Of the approximately 25 individual parcels in the "Water/Marsh/Spoil" category in
Table 17, all but one were owned by either a state or federal agency, or a not -for -profit conservation
group. More information on these parcels can be found in Section 4: Table 16, under "State, Federal or
Institutionally Protected Areas".
The parcel count totals in Table 17 are for all parcels found within the planning jurisdiction. Some
parcels and acreage included in the total are of road rights -of -way. These parcels were included
because the intent is to calculate the rg_ oss total of land in the jurisdiction. Calculating the net total of
"developable" land is a lengthy and difficult process, and could not be achieved unless each parcel was
evaluated and factored for characteristics such as regulated wetlands, zoning setbacks, parking
requirements, open space requirements, easements (private or public), planned rights -of way, and
other variables that would factor into producing a net total of acres for developable land.
Table 17. Planning jurisdiction Characteristics for Geography, Hydrography and Parcels
Source: Cane Fear Council of Governments GIS Brunswick Count Tax Records
Parcel§' '
� Aerea` e A roximations
Total Area in Planning jurisdiction
550
2,591 100%
"Land (contiguous) Above Mean High Water"
"Water/Marsh/Spoil"
525*
1 25**
360 (or 14%)
1 2,231 or 86%
* This number includes all of the parcels with a portion of land within the parcel above MHW, a portion of the parcel still
may also be Water/Marsh/Spoil.
** This number includes all of the parcels which are more or less completely marsh or spoil islands, or otherwise
unattached to other adjacent dry land.
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200612007Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Land Uses Identified in the Planning Jurisdiction
The existing land uses in the planning jurisdiction include:
o Residential
1. Single -Family Detached
2. Single -Family Detached under common land ownership
3. Single -Family Attached (Townhouse)
4. Multi -Family
o Commercial Recreation
1. Golf Course
2. Golf Course Clubhouse with Food Service
o Common Area/Recreation (common area with an existing recreational structure or facility)
o Vacant/Common Area (undeveloped land, likely suitable for development but under common
ownership with deed or open space restrictions)
o Golf Course (privately owned golf course, not part of a residential development and not under
open space or deed restrictions)
o Vacant (undeveloped land, likely suitable for development)
o Homeowners Association (HOA) Beach Access (parcels under common ownership used as a
beach accessway)
o Town Owned (used for public administration, public park, public access, or other public use)
o Progress Energy Utility (parcel owned by Progress Energy and used in conjunction with the
nuclear powerplant in Southport)
o Regional Public Access Site (parcel used for beach public access with public parking and
other facilities)
o Wastewater Utilities (private wastewater management facilities for the Ocean Greens
development and Caswell Dunes development)
o Drainage Easement (parcels used for conveying water from adjacent roads and properties to
area surface water bodies and retention ponds)
o Likely Undevelopable (parcels unlikely to be developed due to their location along the erodible
beachfront and under the setback requirements from the vegetated dune line).
o Road Rights -of -way
The Existing Land Use Table (Table IS following) shows the breakdown of the planning jurisdiction based
on the identified land uses listed above. The three columns on the right of the table show a total
number for either parcels (Column 2), acres (Column 3) or percent of total parcels and acres
(Column 4) for each land -use (Column 1). For example, "Single -Family" in Row 1 shows that there
are 312 total parcels in the entire jurisdiction being used for single-family detached residential housing,
and the area within those parcels equals 95 acres.
Column 4 compares the number of parcels and acreage for each land -use to the total parcels and total
acres in the jurisdiction to calculate the "percent of the total" [(e.g. 312 parcels of single-family detached
divided by 512 total parcels = 61%) and (95 acres of single-family detached divided by 360 total land
acres = 26.3%)].
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase I Section 5: Existing Land Use Analysis 50

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Table 18: Existing Land -Use in the Planning Jurisdiction
(Source: Cape Fear Council of Governments GIS, Brunswick County Tax Records)
Land -Use:
Column 1
Paicels
Column 2 ;
Acres.
Column 3
Percent of Total `:`Land Area"
Parcels/Aeres
Columri 4
Single -Family SF Detached
312
95
61% / 26.3%
Single -Family Detached w/
common land ownership
5
6
10/o/ 2%
Townhome SF Attached
38
2.4
7% / 0.7%
Multi -Family (MF)*
27*
28.5
50/b/ 8%
Common/Area Recreation
Facility
5
5
10/0/ 1%
Common AreaNacant
14
22
30/b/ 6%
Golf Course
2
91
0.3% / 25.3%
Town Owned
7
12
10/o/ 3%
Progress Energy Utility
1
6**
0.2% / 2%
Regional Public Access Site
1
3
0.2% / 1%
HOA Beach Access
4
8
0.7% / 2.2%
Wastewater Utility
3
5
0.5% / 1%
Drainage Easement
6
1.4
1% / 0.4%
Vacant
89
32
170/o/ 9%
SUB -TOTAL
51-4
100% [88%
Road Rights -of -Way
+/- 31
- / 9%
TOTAL
514
360
(incl. Caswell
Landing)
97%
(plus 30/obelow equals 100%)
"Caswell Landing" Planned
MF and SF Development
8+ (future)
12
- / 3%
* Only counts the number of parcels with a multi -family use, not the number of units in the multi -family structure.
**Progress Energy total property area is 82 acres. Only approximately 6 acres is contiguous "land".
Table 18 above shows that the largest single land use for the entire planning jurisdiction is for "single-
family detached" housing occupying 26.3% of the total land area in the jurisdiction. "Golf course"
related use is the second largest land use, occupying 25.3% of the land in the jurisdiction. "Vacant"
land and road "rights -of -way" are tied for the third largest land use, occupying 9% of the total land
area respectively, and accounting for 18% of the total land area combined. "Multi -family" residential
housing is the fourth largest land use, representing 8% of the total land area. These five uses account
for 77% of the total land use in the planning jurisdiction. There are no commercial uses in the planning
jurisdiction other than the golf course and its associated clubhouse with restaurant and food service.
There is a Zoning District designated as "Business" but it is already built -out with multi -family units,
and no commercial uses are expected. Town Hall is also located in the "Business" Zoning District.
There are no industrial uses in the planning jurisdiction. See Map 9, Existing Land Use Map, for a visual
depiction of the locations of the land -uses listed in the table above.
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase I Section 5: Existing Land Use Analysis 51

200612007Town of aswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Existing Land Use in Key Areas Adjacent to the Planning Jurisdiction
Areas also under consideration in this Land Use Plan, regarding existing and future land -use, are the
Baptist Assembly at Fort Caswell, the Oak Island Lighthouse and property, the Oak Island Lighthouse
Park, and the Coast Guard Station area. The Town of Caswell Beach has acquired the Lighthouse and
Lighthouse Park properties, but the Baptist Assembly and the Coast Guard Station are not within the
planning jurisdiction of the Town of Caswell Beach. The Baptist Assembly and the Coast Guard
Station do have the potential to be included in the Town's planning jurisdiction within the 5 to 10 year
planning period of this Land Use Plan, therefore they will be considered in this Land Use Plan.
Furthermore, the existing and future land -use of these properties has an impact on the Town given the
only land access to these properties is through the Town Limits.
The North Carolina General Assembly under Chapter 743, House Bill 1277 authorized the Town of
Caswell Beach to enact extraterritorial jurisdiction over the 264 acre Baptist Assembly site if,
ownership or operation is transferred from the North Carolina Baptist State Convention for use of the
site other than as the existing "Baptist Assembly". The Baptist Assembly is used as a religious retreat
and has seasonal accommodations, recreation, and other guest services. The Baptist Assembly Site has
24 structures for accommodating visitors, which can hold a range of 500 to 1,200 people. The Baptist
Assembly's wastewater system permit lists the capacity of the entire facility as 1,232 people.
5.2 "Vacant" and "Wastewater Utility" Use Lots by Zoning District
Vacant Parcels
To provide more information on the extent of potential new development and/or redevelopment
pressure, the "vacant" and "wastewater utility" parcels were identified and categorized based on their
existing zoning designation. The "wastewater utility" parcels are currently used to treat wastewater
from individual developments, but will be decommissioned when the Town sewer system comes on-
line, giving them the potential for redevelopment. The "vacant" lots are platted, have suitability for
development, and will more than likely be developed under the allowable zoning regulations. Tables 19
and 20 following, show the number and acreage of parcels for each category under its existing zoning.
Table 19: "Vacant" Lots by Zoning District
Zonin District
Vacant<Parcels
Vacant Acres,'
CR-Commercial Recreation
1
1.5
R-20-SF-
22
9
Single -Family 20,000ft2lot
R-12-SF-
7
2.5
Single -Family 12'000ft2lot
R-8-SF-
32
8.5
Single -Family 8,000ft2lot
R-20-MF-
19
5
Multi -Family, Duplex and Single -Family 20,000ft2 lot
SUB -TOTAL
81
26.5
Conservation District
8
5.5
(open space common area of
Caswell Plantation)
TOTAL
89
32
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase I Section 5: Existing Land Use Analysis 52

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Based on the existing allowable zoning, Table 19 above shows that there are 80 vacant lots in zoning
districts that allow a single-family residential structure (R-SF- 20,12 and 8 and R-MF 20). It can be
assumed that there will be 80 single-family units developed on these vacant lots. These lots are mostly
split between a zoning district in the interior of the Town which requires 20,000ft2 lots, and a district
along the second row of beachfront housing (north of Caswell Beach Road) which allows 8 '000ft2 lots.
The building height limit for these units will not exceed either 35 feet, or, 26 feet above the regulatory
flood protection height, where applicable. There are 5 acres of vacant parcels in areas zoned R-20 -
Multi -family. A multi -family structure requires a minimum of a 20,000ft2lot for the first unit and an
additional 5,000ft2 for each additional unit. There is only one platted vacant lot that can meet the
minimum requirement for multi -family use. The other 9 vacant lots in the R-20-MF district could
likely be developed with single-family, as this is an allowable use. The Caswell Landing approved
development is currently `vacant", but will be developed with 42 total units (7 single-family and 35
multi -family).
The map graphic below shows the vacant parcels in the western end of the Town jurisdiction in their
respective Zoning Districts. The vacant parcels are shown with a black outline.
Vacant Parcels By Zoning
in Western End of Town
\
Legend
J M yosq
Zoning o\� p��Ss�M R2asF
` Q\
o
C -Conservation Op m
B - Business ,l
CR Commercial Recreation P�nJETro'
-
3 -
z C
_
Res. 20 SF
Res. 12-SF
Res. 8-SF
FRi
Res. 20 MF i , ceRip�F 4�
A"F;
Municipal Limits o �' ov--
�.
Vacant Parcels cR
Caswell Landing Site a.
t
Oak Island
•
1 R20-MF '
4,
C
------------------------
Atlantic Ocean `---`•—• —} R12-SF
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase I Section 5: Existing Land Use Analysis 53

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
The map graphic below shows the vacant parcels in the eastern end of the Town jurisdiction in their
respective Zoning Districts. The vacant parcels are shown with a black outline.
I Vacant Parcels By Zoning
in Eastern End of Town
II
Legend
Zoning
C - Conservation
PW B - Business
CR - Commercial Recreation
c �
Res.20-SF
Res. 12-SF Ma h
Res. 8-SF
I
Res.20-MF ..
,
Municipal Limits N
Q Vacant Parcels
m
U.S.
Guard Coa
Stasttion
R20b i
. - - 1(--rt-
----
..----.-.---._.D:�
Baptist Assembly
Site
Atlantic Ocean
Wastewater Utility Parcels
Table 20 following and Map 9: Existing Land Use Map in the map appendix show the three parcels
currently used as wastewater treatment facilities and related uses. As mentioned earlier, these
sites will go off-line when the sewer system is constructed and will have the potential for
redevelopment. It must be noted that prior to redevelopment, applicable laws regarding the
residential development of former wastewater treatment sites (i.e. surfacing of former drain
fields) will need to be followed. All three `utility" parcels are currently zoned R-20 MF. This
zoning district allows single-family, duplex and multi -family structures. There is a 20,000
square foot minimum lot required for the first dwelling unit, with an additional 5,000 square
feet of lot area for each additional unit. That density allowance roughly permits up to 5 dwelling
units per acre if developed as multi -family or duplex, and 2 units per acre if developed as single-
family.
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase I Section 5: Existing Land Use Analysis 54

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Lase Plan
There is one "utility" parcel that is approximately 2.6 acres and could be developed as a unified
Planned Development under the Town's zoning ordinance 5 153.068 (E). This Planned
Development option is the only likely scenario in which the parcel will be subdivided. As a
Planned Development, the parcel may allow up to five single-family units based on gross acreage
(i.e. 2 units with 20,000 square foot lots per acre, on 2.6 acres equals five units). The 2.6-acre
parcel could also be left intact for duplex or multi -family development to allow approximately
13 units (i.e. 20,000 sq. ft. for 1st dwelling and 5,000 sq. ft for each additional). Development of
this parcel as multi -family may be the most likely scenario as the parcel is already part of the
larger Caswell Dunes multi -family development.
The remaining two "utility" parcels are 1.6 acres and .75 acres each. Both parcels could only
allow one single-family or one duplex structure per parcel, as they are too small to be developed
as a Planned Development (which requires 2 acres minimum). It is likely that the 1.6-acre
parcel would be developed as a duplex as it is located adjacent to already existing duplex
structures.
Table 20: "Wastewater Utilitv" Lots by Zoning District
. Zonin District
'Utilit Parcels
Acres
R-20-MF-
3
5
Multi -Family, Duplex and Single -Family
(acreage for each parcel is
(2.6 ac*,1.6 ac and
20,000ft2 lot
indicating in column to the right)
.75 ac.)
TOTAL
3
5
*Large enough to be subdivided under Town Zoning Regulations 4153.068 (E). The parcel is currently landlocked, but part
of the overall Caswell Dunes development.
Existing Zoning for Parcels Classified as "Likely Undevelopable" on Existing Land Use Map
The zoning designation for those parcels classified vacant but "Likely Undevelopable" includes 3
parcels totaling .37 acres zoned R-20-SF. These parcels are too small individually, or combined, to meet
the minimum lot size for the zoning district. The parcels are currently used as beach access by the
owner of the parcels, and are expected to remain in that use due to their size.
There are 17 parcels totaling 6 acres classified vacant but "Likely Undevelopable" in the R-12-SF Zoning
District. These parcels are well under the Ocean Erodible Area CAMA setback (See Section 4) and are
currently highly unsuited for residential or commercial -type use development. These parcels are
individually owned, including one owned by the Town of Caswell Beach that is used as a public
accessway. It is unlikely that any of these parcels will be used other than as a beach accessway.
Existing Zoning Designation of the Portion of the Oak Island Golf Course in the Town of Oak
Island Planning Jurisdiction
The portion of the Oak Island Golf Course in the Town of Oak Island Planning jurisdiction is zoned
"R-20", which may allow single-family homes. The portion of the golf course in the Town of Oak Island
is an individual parcel, and is currently used only for a golf course use. There are no residential
structures on the golf course land in the Town of Oak Island. The Oak Island Zoning Ordinance 418-
102 states that land in an R-20 zone is intended to have a low -density residential use. The Oak Island
Zoning Ordinance states that the R-20 district is established to provide areas for the "preservation and
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase I Section 5: Existing Land Use Analysis 55

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
development of quiet residential neighborhoods and for lower density residential development". The
predominant use of the land in this R-20 district is for low -density, single-family dwellings and their
customary accessory uses, with a minimum lot size of 20,000ft2 and maximum building height of 35
feet, or, 26 feet above the regulatory flood protection elevation height, where applicable. The Town of
Oak Island Ordinance states that the specific intent of this District is as follows:
(1) To encourage the construction of and the continued use of the land for low -density residences;
(2) To prohibit uses of the land that are incompatible with low density residences;
(3) To encourage the discontinuation of existing uses that would not be permitted as new uses under
the provisions of this subsection; and
(4) To discourage any use that would generate traffic volumes on minor streets that would adversely
impact residences on those streets.
The zoning designation of the portion of the golf course in the Town of Oak Island to allow a
residential use is significant to the Town of Caswell Beach. It means that based on current allowable
zoning, the owner of the golf course may have an expectation of a future residential use for the golf
course land (at least in the Oak Island jurisdiction). The transitioning of the portion of the golf course
in the Town of Oak Island to a residential use would make the course non-functioning as an 18-hole
golf course. Discussion with the Town of Oak Island, the Oak Island Golf Course owners and the
Town of Caswell Beach will likely be needed to ensure the future use of the golf course land is as a
functioning 18-hole golf course. Any special assessment, purchase of deed restriction or outright
purchase of the golf course by the Town of Caswell Beach will require the cooperation of the Town of
Oak Island and/or its citizens and property owners along the golf course.
5.3 Identification of Significant Existing Land Use Effects on Surface Water Quality
Pollutants caused by everyday land use and development activities in the Town's local watershed
(See Map 2) can have a negative effect on surface water quality. As shown in Table 18 previously,
land use and development in Caswell Beach is approximately 55% residential related, 25% golf
course recreational use,10% roadway, and 10% vacant. There are no land uses in the Town
planning jurisdiction which are permitted under the NPDES program and contribute significant
point -source pollution, such as wastewater treatment plants or industrial- type sources with
piped discharges to surface waters. However, in Southport and areas immediately north, which
are in the local watershed, there are industrial discharge points, marinas, urban waterfronts, and
wastewater treatment plant discharge points. In Caswell Beach, there are 2 private wastewater
treatment plants. One for the Ocean Greens and Arboretum developments with a .075 MGD
treatment capacity, and one for the Caswell Dunes development with .05 MGD treatment
capacity. These plants are permitted to allow all of their treated wastewater to infiltrate
underground, and are classified by the state as a "non -discharge" facility (See Section 6.2 for more
information). Due to high water tables and poor soil suitability, the infiltration methods used by
these plants have not been effective during periods of heavier rainfall when the ground is already
saturated. The Brunswick County Health Department and North Carolina Division of Water
Quality have documented cases of untreated wastewater ponding around manholes and pump
stations after heavy storm events. The Town is in the process of decommissioning the private
wastewater treatment plants and implementing a central sewer system with treatment handled at
a facility in the mainland part of the Town of Oak Island (See Section 6.2).
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase I Section 5: Existing Land Use Analysis 56

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Additional possible types and sources of water quality degradation from land -based pollutants in
Caswell Beach include: residential septic systems (pathogens such as fecal coliform and e-coli),
phosphorus and nitrogen (from septics, and lawn and golf course fertilizers), and exposed soil
(caused by land clearing activities). These pollutants can enter streams and creeks and degrade the
surface water's ability to support aquatic life and human recreational use. The sources of these
pollutants are generally called non -point sources of pollution, due to the way they diffusely occur
on land and enter local surface waters. The term "stormwater runoff" is typically used to describe
the mechanism in which these non -point sources of pollution make their way to surface water
bodies. It is important to note that it is generally not the rainwater in "stormwater" that is
polluted. Rather, it is the stormwater traveling by the force of gravity along the impervious
surfaces or disturbed areas of land and picking -up various pollutants on its way to a lower
elevation in the local land area. The lowest elevation is usually a surface water body. Non -point
pollution of surface water is therefore both a quantity and quality problem. To address the
problem, the quantity of stormwater allowed to travel along impervious surfaces can be controlled
by some engineered method (i.e. ponds or infiltration), or the amount of pollutants waiting to be
picked -up by the stormwater can be reduced (i.e. properly maintaining septic systems and
minimizing the use of fertilizers and other possible pollutants).
Regulations over new development such as sedimentation and soil erosion control during
construction, and stormwater runoff for post -construction, attempt to address the potential water
quality effects caused by land use and development. However, these rules usually do not cover all
types of development and do not address existing development. As most of the areas in Caswell
Beach next to surface waters have been essentially built -out, much of the problem causing water
quality degradation is due to already existing 1) land -uses, 2) impervious surfaces and 3) improper
stormwater drainage systems. The town -wide network of streets, roof tops, parking lots, curbs,
gutters, ditches and swales all allow stormwater and picked -up pollutants to reach local surface
waters if not properly retained. In Caswell Beach, the existing stormwater drainage system was
evaluated in 2000 by the engineering firm W.K. Dickson. As a result, a stormwater management
plan and ordinance were adopted by the Town in 2005. The Plan calls for the Town to implement
education and management programs, and to carryout certain retrofits to reduce the quantity of
stormwater entering the Town drainage system. Additional measures such as using
decommissioned septic systems as rain cisterns to remove stormwater quantity from the drainage
system could also be implemented as the Town becomes sewered. The Town's stormwater
program and infrastructure are discussed more in Section 6: Analysis of Community Facilities.
5.4 Identification of Land Use Conflicts with Class III Areas on the Environmental
Composite Map and Areas Described in the Natural Systems Analysis Section
This subsection identifies current and future land uses that may conflict with environmentally
sensitive areas. Identifying potential conflict with sensitive areas is done by comparing the
existing land uses identified in this Section with the natural features discussed in Section 4. Most
of the comparison is done by utilizing the Environmental Composite Map [Map 8], The Areas of
Environmental Concern (AEC) Map [Map 1], and the North Carolina Coastal Resource Evaluation
of Wetland Systems Map [Map 6], which were discussed in Section 4. It must be noted that the
accuracy of the information on the maps may not be adequate for a parcel level comparison, and it
is intended for general planning purposes only.
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase I Section 5: Existing Land Use Analysis 57

2006/2007 Town of aswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
The Environmental Composite Map shows areas classified as Class III, which imply that those
areas contain natural features that should be protected from intense development. The main Class
III natural features found in the Caswell Beach Planning Jurisdiction that may conflict with
development are non -coastal wetlands, coastal wetlands, estuarine waters and oceanfront dune
setback areas.
As shown on the Environmental Composite Map [Map 8], the Class III areas are primarily the marsh
and estuary areas surrounding the planning jurisdiction. These Class III areas are zoned as
'Conservation" by the Town, but more importantly, these areas are largely owned by state and federal
agencies, and development of these areas is highly unlikely (refer to Section 4). The Class III areas in
the interior portion of the Town are due to dune setbacks and erosion, as well as a few isolated non -
coastal wetlands. The oceanfront lots are essentially built -out, and any redevelopment will be
according to zoning standards, CAMA AEC setback regulations and floodplain elevation requirements.
The non -coastal wetland Class III areas in the planning jurisdiction are located mostly on and along the
golf course. It is the Town's desire that the golf course use remain intact, and that these areas are not
developed for residential or other uses.
5.5 Projection of Future Land Needs
The CAMA planning guidelines [15A NCAC 07B .072 (c)(3)(D)] require an estimate of the land
needed to accommodate residential development for the expected growth in population over the
next 5 to 15 year period. In Caswell Beach, the projected population growth is essentially flat due
to the near build -out of the planning area, desire to keep existing density levels intact, and no
opportunity for Town jurisdiction expansion. The variables that may skew estimated population
growth include a residential infill of the golf course and potential for annexation or ET J authority
of the Baptist Assembly if sold. The Town is aware of both of these issues and is establishing
policy and management measures in this Land Use Plan Update to prevent residential infill of the
golf course, and ensure potential redevelopment of the Baptist Assembly area does not increase
from its existing density level.
The Town's expected population growth of slightly less than 150 people by 2020 (See Chart 2 in
Section 3) is based upon the infill of the less than 100 vacant lots remaining, and the development
of the Caswell Landing development. See Section 3.1.0 for more description on the expected
population growth.
Based on expected and desired population growth, the Town has adequate vacant land to meet
population growth over the next 5 to 15 years, and will continue to enforce density management to
ensure dramatic unexpected population cannot occur from redevelopment.
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase I Section 5: Existing Land Use Analysis 58

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Section 6. Analysis of Community Infrastructure Facilities
The Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) planning guidelines state that the purpose of the
analysis of community facilities is to evaluate the capacity, location and adequacy of the key pieces
of infrastructure that will serve the community's existing and future populations. The adequacy of
certain infrastructure contributes to the protection of important environmental features such as
water quality, and maintains a higher quality of life for citizens.
The key infrastructure facilities typically found in coastal communities affecting quality of life and
environmental protection include:
(1) water supply systems;
(2) wastewater treatment systems;
(3) stormwater systems;
(4) transportation systems; and
(5) public access facilities and public beach.
These community facilities are considered key in land use planning because they can have a
significant impact on a local government's ability to allow for growth, while making sure it is done
in a managed and orderly way that protects property values, quality of life and the environment.
In accordance with this understanding, Caswell Beach established a Strategic Plan in 2002 that
included a set of goals and objectives meant to improve the quality of community facilities over a
multi -year period. In addition, other Town plans were completed subsequent to the Strategic Plan
that also addressed improving key community facilities. Those plans included the Beach
Preservation Plan (2003) and the Stormwater Management Plan (2005). Those plans were created
to remain consistent with the goals of the Strategic Plan.
This Land Use Plan Section provides a brief and updated report on the status of the key
community facilities and infrastructure in Caswell Beach. The purpose of this Section is to
provide information to local officials so that they can be more informed during the policy making
process. Like other Town plans, this Land Use Plan will remain consistent with goals of the
Town's Strategic Plan. Some of the Strategic Plan goals and objectives that are particularly
applicable to this Section of the Land Use Plan are paraphrased below. Those goals include:
• Preserving, protecting and maintaining the natural environment through pro -active Town
management (Goal El) .
. Protecting the environment from the effects of uncontrolled stormwater runoff (Goal E2)
• Protecting the environment from the effects of improperly treated wastewater (Goal E3)
• Creating a citizen awareness program on environmental issues and management (Goal E7)
• Maintaining sound fiscal policies and effective use of taxpayer money to achieve the
Town's Vision by using efficient multi -year planning, e.g. cost/benefit analysis and capital
improvements planning (Goal G4)
• Recognizing land acquisition opportunities to benefit the Town (Goal G5)
• Ensuring a safe and sufficient supply of water for both potable and firefighting uses (Goal
H5)
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase I Section 6: Analysis of Community Facilities 59

200612007Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
As of the first quarter of 2007, the Town of Caswell Beach is in significant transition on several of
its key community facilities. In November 2006, the Town received $2.5 million from the Clean
Water Management Trust Fund (CWMTF) to decommission 2 private package wastewater
plants and construct a centralized sewer system to serve the entire Town. Also, the Town is
working with the NC Department of Transportation and Brunswick County in preparing a
Comprehensive Transportation Plan to prioritize future funding for needed transportation
improvements in the immediate area and region. The Town also recently adopted a Stormwater
Ordinance and Management Plan (2005) to supplement and enhance the expected water quality
benefits from the planned central sewer system. The Town will also expand this existing
stormwater management program to meet the requirements of the 2006 Stormwater Management
Act (Senate Bill 1566), which enacts the federal NPDES Phase II Stormwater Rules. Finally, the
Town's potable water supplier, Brunswick County, adopted in 2006 a Water Supply System
Master Plan to increase capacity and upgrade its existing distribution between 2007 and 2015.
6.1 Water Supply System Status and Trends
Caswell Beach is a wholesale water customer of the Brunswick County Water Supply System.
Wholesale customer means the Town currently purchases water from the County and distributes
it through a County owned main line and Town -owned lines to Town customers within Town
Limits (including the Baptist Assembly). Since 1980, Caswell Beach has been in contract with the
County to provide a supply of water to the Town. The contract does not specify an actual
quantity, but states that the County will provide water "in such quantity as may be required by
the purchaser [Town]". The contract secures a source of water supply until the year 2020, at
which time the contract may be renewed.
Connection to the Town water system infrastructure is required of all residential dwellings in the
Town Limits (Water Ordinance 4 50.01). The Baptist Assembly, U.S. Coast Guard Station and
Progress Energy are optional subscribers to the Town water service (Water Ordinance 4 50.01).
There are no water wells in use by the Town, all water is conveyed in from the Brunswick County
water system. Water purchased from the County is tested by the Town, but not treated by the
Town. Brunswick County supplies its water customers (incl. Caswell Beach) with potable water
from two sources:1) groundwater from the Castle Hayne Aquifer and, 2) surface water from the
Northeast Cape Fear River. Each source of water has an associated water treatment facility to
purify and disinfect the raw water before final distribution to wholesale and retail customers. The
two County water treatment plants are the Northwest Water Treatment Plant (WTP), located
near the Town of Northwest, and the 211 WTP located near the Town of St. James. Water
supplied to the Northwest WTP is purchased from the Lower Cape Fear Water Authority, which
pumps surface water from the King's Bluff Reservoir located on the Northeast Cape Fear River.
The 211 WTP, which is the primary supply for the Town of Caswell Beach, obtains raw
groundwater from 15 wells that tap into the Castle Hayne Aquifer. The 211 WTP has a permitted
water treatment capacity of 6 million gallons per day (MGD).
Caswell Beach Water Use Statistics
With a relatively small permanent population of around 500, and seasonal population of 1,600 to
2,500, Caswell Beach is a smaller wholesale water customer in the County. The Town growth
rate is also expected to remain flat over the next 10 years as the Town is nearly built -out, and
zoning and land -use policy prohibits redevelopment that would substantially increase density.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Wholesale water system customers (including Caswell Beach) had a total annual average day
demand of nearly 4.7 MGD in 2005, of which, Caswell Beach accounted for 0.148 MGD. It is
expected that the Town's average day consumption will remain flat due to limited population
growth. The Town is planning to construct a water reuse system to use treated wastewater for
irrigation and other secondary uses. Some estimates on future average day water demand for the
Town were provided in the County's Water System Master Plan and are summarized in Table 23
following. These future demand estimates are based on a very generous allocation of water supply
needed for 60 new dwelling units per year over the next 10 years in the Town jurisdiction. With
less than 90 remaining lots (primarily single-family), and only one 42-unit planned development
expected, it is unlikely that the 60-unit per year estimate will be realized over the next ten years.
To review recent trends in the Town's water demand, Tables 21 and 22 below show the Town's
monthly water demand since the year 2000. Table 21 shows water use over a six-month period
during the "high -season" for each year. The "high -season" is the time of year when water use is
expected to be at its highest, and therefore the levels of supply and demand are most critical. For
comparison, Table 22 shows water use over the six-month period of each year during the "low -
season". The six-month period used in the "low -season" table includes the October through
December months of a given year and carries over to January through March of the next calendar
year (i.e. a six-month low -season is October 2002-March 2003). Also shown in both tables are the
average Million Gallons per Day (MGD) use amounts for the high water demand month of July
and the low demand month of February.
Table 21: Water Consumption in the "High -Season"
(Source: Town of Caswell Beach Finance Department)
Aril _
Ma
une
July
Au
�Se
YEAR
Gallons Purchased from County
TOTAL Six Moths
2000
21739,800
4,373,900
7,020,500
6,360,900
5,032,900
3,246,000
28,744,000
(0.205 MGD)
2001
3,386,200
5,407,300
71044,400
7,231,700
5,709,800
3,975,600
32,755,00
(0.233 MGD)
2002
3,781,300
4,717,400
5,600,000
7,881,500
6,342,300
4,339,800
32,662,300
(0.254 MGD)
2003
3,119,400
4,093,600
6,388,800
6,949,400
5,476,800
4,240,900
30,268,900
(0.224 MGD)
2004
3,685,000
3,911,000
7,513,800
8,186,200
9,555,500
7,886,400
40,737,900
(0.264 MGD)
2005
2,719,400
4,502,900
6,300,100
7,442,800
6,564,200
3,822,100
31,351,500
(0.240 MGD)
2006
3,455,050
4,801,000
6,801,200
8,131,200
7,117,500
3,926,400
34,232,350
(0.262 MGD)
Monthly
Average
3,269,450
4,543,871
6,666,971
7,454,841
6,542,714
4,491,028
-
Since
(highest-
2000
use month
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Table 22: Water Consumption in the "Low -Season"
(Source: Town of Caswell Beach Finance Department)
Oct..
Nov.
.. Dec..
�� ,Jan:
_.Fell:March
TOTAL For
YEAR
Gallons Purchased from County
Six Month
Period
1999/2000
N/A
N/A
N/A
1,959,000
1,642,700
2,985,700
-
(0.058 MGD)
2000/2001
2,811,400
2,512,300
2,287,300
2,203,200
1,738,500
2,475,500
14,028,200
(0.062 MGD)
2001/2002
3,959,200
3,275,400
2,448,200
1,752,800
N/A
5,284,000
-
2002/2003 ,
; 3,548,800
2,795,100
1,905,000
2,515,900
2,121,800
2,733,200
15,619,800
(0.075 MGD)
2003/2004
3,562,600
2,384,600
2,528,200
2,077,900
1,600,000
2,748,400
14,901,700
(0.057 MGD)
2004/2005
5'969,100
2,987,100
2,211,000
2,124,200
1,661,600
2,515,400
17,468,400
(0.059 MGD)
2005/2006
3,269,600
2,819,600
1,877,700
1,897,400
1,620,300
2,300,600
13,785,200
(0.057 MGD)
2006/2007
3,843,100
2,496,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Monthly
Average
Since 2000
3,851,971
2,752,871
2,209,567
2,075,771
1,730,816
3,006,114
-
(lowest -use
month
As shown in Table 21 and as expected, July has been the peak season month with the highest
demand. This is obviously due to the temporary influx of tourists and visitors. Since 2000, the
average day water use amount for July has been .240 MGD. The highest average day amount for
July over the last seven years was in 2004 with an average day use of 0.264 MGD. The second
highest average day demand was in 2006, with a use of .262 MGD. It is hard to determine a
distinct trend in water demand by analyzing just seven years (only data available), but it does
show the expected trend of an overall increase in water demand level during the peak season. This
has primarily been due to the continuance of development activity in Town over the last seven
years as it approaches build -out. However, the seven-year demand data does not necessarily show
a steady or stable increase, or a dramatic increase. Demand has actually gone up and down from
year to year (e.g. 2002 to 2003 and 2004 to 2005). Furthermore, water usage is expected to peak
in the very near future when build -out occurs, and remain steady (with water system
improvements and with use of the water reuse system) over the next 10 years. In addition, zoning
and land -use policy prohibits major redevelopments which would substantially increase density,
and prohibits any commercial hotel and motel construction.
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200612007Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Table 23 below shows the County's 2006 Water System Master Plan estimate for the year 2010
and 2015 average day demand for Caswell Beach and other wholesale water customers. Estimates
were based on remaining dwelling units expected before build -out and the Town's allowance of
increased densities from redevelopment.
NOTE: The MGD estimates are annual averages, and include both high season and low season use.
Also, Caswell Beach is 100% supplied by Brunswick County with water. It is not known if the
other municipalities in the table below have municipal wells as part of their water supply systems,
such as Boiling Spring Lakes, which is 7 times more populous than Caswell Beach but uses less
County supplied water according to the data in the Water System Master Plan.
Table 23: Annual Average Day Water Use Estimates
(Source: 2006 Brunswick Countv Water Svstem Master Plan, Hazen & Sawyer, P.C.)
Municipality.
2005
.Certified
.Population
2005Anrival:-
Avera e Da
g Y
Water�Use �
2010Annual
.,
Avera e Da
g y
� Water,Use , �
(MGD)
2015 nu
Aver e Da
g y
° Water Use ,
(MGD)
Bald Head Island
229
0.190
0.215
0.240
Boiling Spring Lakes
3,767
0.144
0.359
0500
Caswell Beach
461
0.148
0.164
0.187
Holden Beach
889
0.117
- 0.130 ``
0.145 '
Oak Island
7,711
0.990
2.903
3.103
Ocean Isle Beach
481
0567
0.090
Shallotte
1,768
0.269
1.188
1.387
Southport -
2,677
0.443
0.579
0.592
Sunset Beach
2,211
0.565
0.295
0.310
County Water System Evaluation
As mentioned previously, Caswell Beach is supplied with all of its potable water by Brunswick
County, and is therefore reliant on the County's water system to have adequate capacity and
distribution. Brunswick County's combined water treatment capacity is 30 MGD as of 2006,
which includes 24 MGD from the Northwest WTP and 6 MGD from the 211 WTP. In July 2006,
Brunswick County completed and adopted a Water System Master Plan prepared by the
engineering firm Hazen and Sawyer, P.C. As a result, the County is in the process of upgrading
both treatment plants to meet projected growth demands by 2015, which includes a treatment
capacity increase of 8 MGD at the Northwest WTP to begin in 2008.
The Water System Master Plan ("Master Plan") divided the County distribution system into three
service areas based on the existing trunk mains, tanks, and booster pump stations (BPS). The
Town of Caswell Beach is included in the "Southeast Service Area". The Southeast Service Area
extends from the Bell Swamp BPS (Hwy.17 and 87 intersection) south to Boiling Spring Lakes, the
Town of St. James, Southport, Oak Island, Caswell Beach and Bald Head Island. Also included in
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
the Southeast Service Area are the large industrial users Cogentrix, Archer Daniels Midland
(ADM), and the Sunny Point Military Ocean Terminal.,
The Southeast Service Area is supplied from both the 211 Water Treatment Plant and the Bell
Swamp BPS and water storage tank. The 211 Water Treatment Plant (WTP) supplies water in the
Southeast Service Area to those locations south of Booster Pump Station 10 (located near Dosher
Cut Off). The Bell Swamp BPS supplies water in the Southeast Service Area to areas north of
Booster Pump Station 10 up to the Highway 17/87 intersection. The Bell Swamp BPS and storage
tank also act to supplement the demand required by the areas south of BPS 10 and served by the
211 WTP.
According to the Master Plan, the Brunswick County Department of Public Utilities indicated
that... "aside from a new port planned in the Southport area, little or no growth in large industrial
demand is expected. This port is expected to generate additional commercial and residential
demand. At this stage, quantifying the water needed for this project is difficult. Therefore, for the
purposes of this study, a conservative projection is that the port will increase industrial demand by
50 percent in the next 10 years" (Hazen and Sawyer. Water System Master Plan. July 2006. p.23). As
the plans for the Port are still in the very early stages, it is unclear whether the Port facility will
include the construction of on -site water treatment and storage to serve the Port facility needs.
Scheduled County Water System Improvements and Expansion
Overall, the Water System Master Plan estimated current and future demands for the service area,
examined the existing infrastructure's ability to meet growing demands, and identified and ranked
required system improvements through 2015. The Master Plan showed that the County water
treatment plants current combined rated capacity of 30 MGD has about an 8 MGD of excess
capacity on the "Maximum Day" as of 2006 demand. The "Maximum Day" means the highest daily
demand in a year. The Maximum Day rate is the critical requirement for pumping and production
capacity. As the County grows, the Maximum Day rate will grow. According to demand
projections in the Master Plan, that current 8 MGD excess capacity will quickly diminish. The
system's plants are expected to reach 80 percent capacity by 2008, and 100 percent capacity by
2011. If no increases in capacity are made, by 2015, the projected Maximum Day demand will have
a supply shortfall of 8 MGD. As a result, the County has planned to increase its treatment capacity
by 8 MGD by 2015.
The Master Plan established a "Program of Construction" Table (See Appendix II) to address the
immediate and near future needs of the County water system. The County Commissioners
adopted the Program of Construction (as well as the entire Master Plan) in July 2006. The
recommended improvements in the Program of Construction are divided into three' phases. Phase I
consists of immediate needs, such as ensuring adequate flow to fight fires, and are recommended to
be constructed in 2007-2008. Phase II improvements are to be completed before 2015 to meet
projected water demands. Phase II projects are divided into Phase IIA, which addresses pipeline
needs, and Phase IIB, which addresses pumping station needs. Finally, Phase III improvements
address the requirement to increase the overall treatment capacity and supply of the Northwest
WTP and upgrade the 211 WTP facilities to meet the projected needs for the year 2015.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
In addition to overall capacity expansion, a specific project affecting Caswell Beach is item I-7 on
the Program of Construction. I-7 is scheduled to begin in 2007/2008. Item I-7 is necessitated
because of poor water pressures occurring during the higher demand days of summer at the end of
Caswell Beach (Baptist Assembly) and on Bald Head Island. The poor water pressure is due to
undersized pipes and flow meters identified by the Brunswick County Public Utilities
Department. Fire flow tests at the Caswell- Baptist Assembly confirmed this condition. The
Master Plan recommends that... "Brunswick County install newer turbine flow meters with lower
head loss at the vault downstream of BPS No.1 and at the vault with the wholesale meter for Bald
Head Island and correct the 90-degree piping bends in the vicinity". The project location is at the
entrance to Oak Island on the island side of the bridge causeway.
6.2 Wastewater System
Status of Existing Wastewater Infrastructure
Nearly two-thirds of the current residential wastewater generated in Caswell Beach comes from
the mix of single-family, multi -family and duplex residential developments surrounding the Oak
Island Golf Course. Those developments include Caswell Dunes, the Arboretum and Ocean
Greens. Wastewater from those developments is treated at two separate privately owned and
operated package treatment plants. The two private plants are the Caswell Dunes plant and the
Caswell Sewer Services plant, which serves the Ocean Greens and Arboretum developments. The
Caswell Dunes plant is permitted to treat .05 MGD and is a tertiary treatment system with
nitrification drain fields. The Caswell Sewer Services plant is permitted to treat .075 MGD and is
a high -rate infiltration system that uses rotary distributors for effluent disposal. Both plants are
permitted by the state as "non -discharge" facilities, meaning they do not directly discharge treated
effluents to surface waters.
The Oak Island Beach Villas, which is the only other multi -family development in the jurisdiction,
is already connected to the Town of Oak Island's central sewer system. The remaining single-
family homes located along Caswell Beach Road adjacent to the oceanfront utilize individual
septic systems. It is estimated that there are nearly 210 residential septic systems in use in the
Town.
As shown on Map 3 [Soil Septic Suitability Map], the land within the planning jurisdiction has severe
limitations to septic systems and other ground infiltration systems. Much of the land and soils
have a high groundwater table, which makes them easily saturated and unable to absorb large
amounts of effluent during prolonged or heavy rain events. There have been state and County
violation notices issued for the package treatment plants in recent years. In addition, after the
hurricanes and tropical storms of 2005, the County Health Department did a site -survey of the
ponding and overflow of the wastewater systems caused by the heavier rain events. Pathogens
(i.e. fecal coliform) were detected in the standing water after the heavier rainstorm events in 2005,
and it was recommended that the wastewater be collected and removed from the Town and
treated at a more suitable location. In consideration of the high groundwater table and the soils'
inability to effectively absorb treated wastewater during heavier rain events, Caswell Beach is
pursuing the creation of a central sewer system to pump wastewater from the Town (island) to a
treatment facility on the mainland.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Planned Town -wide Central Sewer
The Town of Caswell Beach, in agreement with the Town of Oak Island, is in the pre -construction
stages of implementing a central sewer collection system. In late 2006, the Town received $2.5
million from the Clean Water Management Trust Fund to decommission the 2 privately owned
and operated wastewater package treatment plants, and to construct a central sewer system to
serve all developable areas in Town. The planned sewer service area only includes the contiguous
platted and developable parcels in Town (and the Baptist Assembly), and does not include coastal
wetlands or spoil islands. The provision of the sewer system will further the Town's Strategic
Plan goals of environmental improvement (Goals El and E3) and commitment to quality Town
services (Goal G4).
The Town will require all residences in Town to hook-up to the central sewer system when it is
completed. Currently, the private package treatment plants service most of the residences within
the Town Limits, with the exception of approximately 210 residences that use individual on -site
septic systems. The septic systems are used on the individual properties on either side of Caswell
Beach Road, which runs parallel and adjacent to the oceanfront. In addition, wastewater from
the Baptist Assembly, which is outside the planning jurisdiction, is also to be collected through
the Town's central sewer system. The Baptist Assembly facility currently uses septic tanks and
nitrification fields to treat up to .04 MGD of wastewater.
The Town's planned central sewer is designed to be a vacuum interceptor system. This system is
planned to collect and pump wastewater from Caswell Beach and the Baptist Assembly to the East
Oak Island Water Reclamation Facility, where the wastewater will be treated and `reclaimed' for
other uses. The East Oak Island Facility is located on Fish Factory Road, which is on the mainland
portion of the Town of Oak Island. The East Oak Island Facility has a design flow of .4 MGD, but
currently utilizes a capacity of .18 MGD. The East Oak Island Facility is a tertiary treatment and
"non -discharge" reclamation facility. The sewer service plans provide that to ensure capacity for
Caswell Beach's wastewater at the East Oak Island Reclamation Facility, the Town of Oak Island
could re -direct some of its wastewater from that area to the West Brunswick Reclamation Facility
which can handle the higher capacities needed by Oak Island. The option of treating wastewater
from Caswell Beach at the West Brunswick Water Reclamation Facility near Bolivia will also be
available if necessary.
Caswell Beach's central sewer system is preliminarily designed to transfer up to a maximum of
.280 MGD of wastewater to the water reclamation facility on the mainland. The sewer system
(including lines and pumps) was designed by Caswell Beach to be the most minimum size needed
to handle current wastewater levels and to allow build -out of remaining platted properties and the
Caswell Landing development. The designed size of the system was a control measure to ensure
that redevelopment to higher density residential structure would not be easily possible.
The time estimated to construct the central sewer collection system is 11 months from start of
construction to finish. Construction began Febuary lst, 2010 and is scheduled to be completed
January 31st, 2011.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
The specific sewer system project components are listed below:
Central pump station (approx. 490 gallons per minute)
• 17,000 linear feet of collection mains
• 19,700 linear feet of force main
• Tie-in to existing sewer line at Town boundary with Oak Island
• 15,000 linear feet of treated wastewater reuse force mains
Decommissioning of 2 package plants
Required decommission of individual septic systems by owner
Required hook-up to Town sewer system
Reuse of Treated Wastewater
Included in the Town's central sewer system planning is the expected reuse of treated
wastewater. It is expected that the effective use of reclaimed (or "reuse") water will replace or at
least significantly lessen the current and/or potential use of potable water for irrigation. The
Town will develop a plan to reuse treated waste water that includes amending relevant Town
codes and creating a reasonable distribution program with designated purple hydrants.
6.3 Stormwater System
The Town's stormwater system is the interconnected drainage network of curbs, gutters, ditches,
pipes, swales, retention ponds and natural topography that carry stormwater collected from
impervious surfaces to the local surface waters. Stormwater management and improvements to
stormwater systems has been a growing issue in coastal Towns as they continue to develop more
densely. Lack of management over the effects of stormwater runoff and pollution has the
potential to negatively impact quality of life, environmental quality and property values. In
accordance with the goals of the Strategic Plan and as part of the central sewer system planning,
the Town developed and adopted both a Stormwater Management Plan and a Stormwater
Ordinance in 2005. In addition, the Town is in the process (I" quarter 2007) of conducting a
Stormwater Master Plan which will model the hydrology and drainage of the Town, and establish
engineered solutions to address ponding and flooding associated with stormwater volume.
Stormwater Management Plan
The Stormwater Management Plan (SMP) identified and prioritized seven specific activities to
implement over a five-year period. The purpose of the Plan is to help manage the existing
stormwater system by taking steps to reduce ponding, improve drainage and reduce pollutant
load. The SMP's planned implementation activities were partly based on recommendations
outlined in a Stormwater Drainage Study conducted for the Town by the engineering firm W.K.
Dickson in 2000.
W.K. Dickson's Stormwater Drainage Study identified the following areas as having drainage and
ponding problems:
• Ocean Greens development
o The area of the Sixth Hole green
o Properties 95 to 100 along Ocean Greens Lane
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Caswell Dunes development
o Caswell Dunes clubhouse area
o Arboretum entrance road '
o Fairway Drive between properties 23 to 28*
o Ends of Green View and Fairway Drives
Caswell Beach Road
o Between the entrance to the Baptist Assembly to address number 122
Caswell Beach Road
o West of Coast Guard Station between addresses 313 and 305
o Between the addresses of 432 and 422
o Between the addresses of 611 and 605
o West entrance of the Oak Island Golf Club
o East entrance of the Oak Island Beach Villas
Central Drainage Canal
o The canal drains 200 acres and runs 4,600 feet from Augusta Drive through
the Oak Island Golf Course and eventually through the easternmost edge of
Arboretum development all the way to its discharge point along the marsh
of Piney Point Creek
Based on some of the recommendations in the Drainage Study and an overall need for a stormwater
management program over new development, the Town identified and prioritized seven planned
activities as part of its Stormwater Management Plan (SMP). The activities are to be implemented
between Fiscal Years 2006/07 and 2010/11, and include:
1) Establishing and Maintaining Stormwater Regulatory Controls
2) Establishing and Improving the Management Structure
3) Establishing a Stormwater Utility
4) Conducting Water Testing
5) Integrating Geographic Information Systems Improvements
6) Creating Public Awareness and Education
7) Conducting Stormwater Abatement Projects
The first planned activity in the SMP to be implemented, Establishing and Maintaining
Regulatory Controls, includes:
• Adopting a Stormwater Ordinance (completed in 2005)
• Integrating the NPDES Phase II requirements into the Ordinance (to be completed by
July 2007)
• Incorporating provisions for a Stormwater Utility into the Ordinance (to be completed
in 2007)
• Establishing a Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual to include in the
Ordinance (to be completed in 2007)
The second planned activity in the SMP to be implemented, Establishing and Improving the
Management Structure, includes:
• Designating a Stormwater Administrator (Town Administrator designated as SA)
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
• Identifying development activities that fall under the Stormwater Ordinance and Plan
• Conducting and Coordinating Public Outreach and Education on Stormwater Issues
• Detecting and eliminating illicit discharges into the stormwater system
• Establishing an operations and maintenance program for stormwater drainage projects
The third planned activity in the SMP to be implemented, Establishing a Stormwater Utility,
includes:
Creating a Town utility program per authority granted by the state in GS 160A to
provide a steady and dedicated source of funds to carry out on -going stormwater
drainage projects (to be created in 2007)
Stormwater drainage projects will be those that are external to individual neighborhoods
or which affect two or more neighborhoods. In other words, before the Town takes
significant action, the benefits must be wider -spread than just one individual
neighborhood.
The fourth planned activity in the SMP to be implemented, Conducting Water Tests, includes:
Retaining the services of the University of North Carolina at Wilmington (UNCW)
Marine Services to conduct water testing at the Town's pre-existing stormwater
drainage discharge point which empties into the marsh along Piney Point Creek (to
begin in 2007)
Testing to be done periodically to establish pollutant loads and provide a basis for illicit
discharge detection and stormwater system design
The fifth planned activity is Improving Geographic Information Systems and it includes:
• Updating and maintaining accurate geographic data on such features as topography to
assist in stormwater project planning and management
The sixth planned activity is Creating Public Awareness and includes:
Distributing brochures on the causes and effects of stormwater runoff in water bills,
posting information on the Town website and holding public workshops
The seventh planned activity outlined in the Stormwater Management Plan is Conducting
Stormwater Abatement Projects, this activity includes:
Three construction projects -
1) Improve drainage on the "Sixth Hole Area". The Project would involve diverting
excess runoff caused from the 25-year storm event to a drainage ditch adjacent to
the Progress Energy canal
2) . Improved and continued maintenance of the "Central Drainage Canal", which is
the main floodway in the Town and runs through the center of the golf course
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2006/2007 Town of Caswcll Beach CAMA Land Usc Plan
3) Increase drainage of the.Caswell Beach Road low -spots. Due to elevation
constraints, the most appropriate engineering alternative is expensive and involves
installing infiltration trenches
Stormwater Ordinance
In accordance with the recommendations of the Stormwater Management Plan, the Town.
subsequently adopted a Stormwater Ordinance in late 2005. The Stormwater Ordinance was
adopted to mitigate stormwater problems associated with new development and redevelopment.
The Town's Stormwater Ordinance exceeds the state's current minimum stormwater
requirements by requiring all development, regardless of lot size, to have stormwater management
practices. Such practices must "ensure that, after development or redevelopment, runoff from the
site approximates the rate of flow, volume and timing of runoff that would have occurred
following the same rainfall under existing conditions and to the extent practicable, the
predevelopment conditions, unless runoff is discharged into an off -site drainage facility"
[Stormwater Ord. 5154.10 (1)]. As part of this requirement, every application for a development
permit is required to have a stormwater management plan which must show how the development
project will meet 33 specific performance and design standards outlined in 4154.10 of the .
Stormwater Ordinance.
In support of the Stormwater Ordinance, the Town also has an Illicit Discharge Ordinance which
prohibits the discharge of any type of non-stormwater runoff into the stormwater drainage system.
Non-stormwater runoff (or illicit discharge) can be anything from septic tank discharges from
non -compliant systems, direct washing machine discharges and illegal dumping of chemicals or
other volatile liquids/solids into stormwater drains.
NPDES Phase II Coastal Stormwater Rules
The NPDES Phase II Rules ("2006 Stormwater Act" or "Senate Bill 1566") are recently adopted
state stormwater standards that require regulated communities to enforce post construction
stormwater requirements upon certain types of development. The Phase II Rules also require
communities to conduct additional stormwater programs such as public outreach and education,
and illicit discharge detection. Caswell Beach currently administers both programs. Also
important to consider is that Caswell Beach's population is below the automatic Phase II
community designation threshold of 1,000. However, the Town may still be required to enforce
the post construction stormwater management standards as it is adjacent to shellfish resource
waters. The post construction stormwater standards apply to developments disturbing a total of
one or more acres. There are also additional standards based upon the development projects final
built -upon or impervious area, based on whether the total project site has less than or more than
12% impervious coverage. In Caswell Beach, given that essentially all the developable land has
been platted into lots under one acre, the only expected development which could trigger Phase II
requirements is the Caswell Landing project, and the eventual development of a 2.2 acre parcel off
Fairway Drive and the 6th Hole. However, the Caswell Landing project has a site -specific
development plan that has been approved by the Town and has vested rights, and is not subject to
the Phase II requirements which will not become effective until July 1, 2007. There are currently
(as of 1st quarter 2007) no sketch or preliminary plans for the development of the 2.2 .acre parcel.
The only other one plus acre parcels in the planning jurisdiction that have development potential
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
are the 2 private wastewater utility parcels discussed previously in Section 5 of this Plan, and the
Oak Island Golf Course parcel. As mentioned before, the Town policy will be to retain the Golf
Course in its existing 18-Hole capacity and prohibit residential development on it.
Optional Universal Stormwater Management Program (USMP)
Effective January 1, 2007, the state Division of Water Quality (DWQ) is offering a voluntary
stormwater management program for local governments called the Universal Stormwater
Management Program (USMP). The USMP is an attempt to provide local governments a one -stop
comprehensive stormwater management program, instead of having to refer to several different
post construction stormwater related laws that apply in coastal areas. Also, the USMP standards
for best management practices and structural devices reflects the. latest research regarding the
most effective control and treatment of stormwater pollution. The USMP program is voluntary
because it exceeds currently legislated minimum requirements, such as the amount of land that
can be disturbed before triggering required BMPs.
The USMP is available to local governments that adopt an ordinance that complies with the rule
and receives approval from the Environmental Management Commission. For those governments
that adopt the program, the rule outlines requirements that apply to development and
redevelopment activities that meet defined thresholds. In the 20 coastal counties, the threshold is
projects that disturb 10,000 square feet or more, or disturb less than 10,000 square feet but are part
of a larger common plan of development or sale.
The USMP option is available to the Town of Caswell Beach and would supercede the new Phase
II post construction requirements as mentioned previously, and may eliminate the need to obtain a
Phase II Stormwater community permit altogether. The USMP may be administered in part for
the Town by the state DWQ, or managed completely in-house. The USMP also allows the Town
to always be in compliance with state rule changes, and would forego the need to amend local
stormwater ordinances.
6.4 Transportation System
Existing Road Infrastructure
The Town of Caswell Beach has a geographically small land area (360 acres) and is only accessed
by land from one main road. There are only 6.5 miles of total roadway in the Town, and the large
majority of roadway is either maintained by the NC Department of Transportation (DOT) or
privately maintained by homeowners associations. The Town only owns and maintains 897 feet
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
(.17 miles) of roadway. All roads are two-lane and are on average no wider than 18 feet, with the
exception of Caswell Beach Road which is around 25 feet wide on average.
Road System Inventory
Road System
Miles
DOT Secondary Road
1) Caswell Beach Road (SR 1100)
2.6
Privately Maintained Roads (16 Named Streets)
o Caswell Dunes Development roads
o Arboretum Development roads
3.7
o Ocean Greens Development roads
Town Maintained Roads
1) Jack B. Cook Rd.
.17
2 Robert L. Jones Rd.
TOTAL
6.5
Traffic Counts
Traffic congestion within the actual Town limits was not identified as an issue in this Land Use
Plan Update. There are no intense commercial activities which generate continuous traffic
volume. The Golf Course Club House is the only "commercial" structure that would generate
commercial traffic in Town. However, with only one land -based entryway into the Town via
Country Club Road, traffic volume can become congested during the heavier peak season days of
the summer. The actual traffic volume is not known during the peak season because the DOT
does not have a seasonal traffic count point station within the jurisdiction of Caswell Beach.
Earlier estimates in this Land Use Plan established that the peak season population could rise up
to 1,600 to 2,300 people, and there could be between 320 to 640 day visitors.
While there is no seasonal traffic count location, there is an Annual Average Day Traffic (AADT)
count point near the entryway to Caswell Beach. This AADT site is located on Country Club Road
near Live Oak Road, right before the Caswell Beach limits [See the map graphic on the following
page]. The latest (2005) AADT traffic count for this point location was 2,700 vehicles (includes
traffic passing in both directions).
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase I Section 6: Analysis of Community Facilities 72

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
2005 Annual Average Dav Traffic (AADT) Count Location
Oak Island Bridge
ON FLA
-�..
�•
WON
�s ��n�� �. . psi'• i �� ,�'f - ► � ' �, '�
i W0.61 is : �i i �♦ , ',�Caswell Beach
,♦ sir ���i'� i•
The AADT count means that the lowest traffic volume days counted during the year were
calculated with the highest volume days of the year to generate an average day traffic volume of
2,700 vehicles per day for this location. The DOT does not currently prioritize road system
improvements solely based on the volume of traffic experienced during one part of the year, the
need for improvements are based on an annual average traffic volume (the AADT). A need for
road improvements (i.e. widening or adding turn lanes) is determined by comparing the AADT to
the road segment's "Level of Service" design capacity. The Level of Service design capacity is a
standard traffic volume number used by the DOT that is based on the road's features (i.e. width,
number of lanes, etc.). The Level of Service design capacity is the maximum number of vehicles a
given road segment can handle before being considered deficient. If the AADT is higher than the
capacity, the road is considered deficient and likely to be prioritized for improvements.
The road segment for the 2005 AADT count location in the map graphic above is a 2-lane road
with 12 foot or greater individual lane widths. The Level of Service design capacity for this type of
road is 11,000 vehicle passes per day. The design capacity of 11,000 for this location is 4 times
greater than the 2005 AADT. Meaning that according to current DOT standards, traffic volume
would have to increase 4 times over current levels to necessitate prioritized funding. Previous
available AADT counts for this same location are 3,100 in the year 2003, and 3,100 in the year 2001.
Both counts in previous years are also well below the design capacity of the road.
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200612007Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Traffic Counts in Areas Surrounding Caswell Beach
Despite no year round capacity -problems at the immediate entryway to the Town of Caswell
Beach, every main regional road accessing the Island on which Caswell Beach is located, has
reached capacity or is over capacity [See table and map graphic below]. All of the road sections in
the table below are considered primary or secondary roads and are under the jurisdiction of the
NC Department of Transportation (DOT). The County does not currently have the authority to
build roads or make substantial improvements to DOT roads. The road sections below will have
to be placed on DOT's Transportation Improvement Plan (TIP) funding schedule to be funded and
improved. Items on the current 2007-2013 TIP to improve traffic flow on the road sections below
will be discussed later in this Section.
Table 24: Road Sections Considered At or Over Capacity Based on 2005 AADTs
Source: NC Department of Transportation, Traffic Survey Unit
2005
Design
Roa
�._
AADT
Capacity
1 NC 87 from US 17 to NC 133
14,000
11,000
2 NC 87/133 from NC 87 to Dosher Cutoff Rd. NC 133
17,000
15,000
3) Dosher Cutoff Rd. from NC 87/133 to Southport
Supply Road NC 211
10,000
10,000
4) Southport Supply Road (NC 211) from Midway Road
to Fodale Avenue
18,000
15,000
5) NC 133 from Southport Supply Road (NC 211) to East
Oak Island Drive
Two Locations Counted on this Segment of Road
o Mainland Segment
22,000
15,000
o Island Segment
1 16,000
15,000
The road section listed as /# 5 in the table above is the main entryway to Oak Island (which is the
island Caswell Beach is located). The latest AADT counts for this road section shows that on an
average day during the year, there can be a vehicle volume of 16,000 to 22,000. If this traffic volume
crosses over to Oak Island, over 80% of it travels into the Town of Oak Island via East Oak Island
Drive and does not enter the Town of Caswell Beach.
The map graphic on the following page shows the locations of the road sections listed in the table
above.
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200612007►own of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Ron Sections At or Over Capacity in the Area Surrounding Caswell Beach
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Planned or Needed Road Improvements in Town Jurisdiction
As mentioned earlier, the Town only owns and maintains 897 feet of roadway. These roads are not
heavily trafficked and are in relatively good shape. There are no plans to improve these roads. The
Town does plan to work with DOT to improve Caswell Beach Road by adding a pedestrian
sidewalk and/or a bike path. Funding has not been set aside for these improvements, but it is
likely they will be incorporated during or after the excavation for the sewer system piping along
Caswell Beach Road.
Planned or Needed Road Improvements in Areas Surrounding Town
The road sections currently over capacity listed in Table 24 are priority areas for Brunswick
County's Comprehensive Transportation Plan (CTP). A new updated CTP was initiated in
conjunction with DOT in 2006 due to the increased growth of the County and approved siting of
the State Port. The Town of Caswell Beach is on the advisory committee to the County CTP. The
County CTP will be a year to two-year process in which major road systems in the county will be
evaluated for current and projected design deficiencies, and will be subsequently identified for
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2006/2007 Town otCaswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
inclusion on DOT's Transportation Improvement Plan (TIP). The TIP is the funding mechanism
used by DOT to identify, prioritize and set -aside funding for specific road improvement projects
across the state. The TIP is usually on a seven-year cycle. While improvement projects on the
current 2007-2013 TIP will be implemented over the coming years, new needed improvements will
be identified and prioritized to be included on the next TIP.
There are two specific improvement projects on the current TIP which are expected to improve
the traffic flow on some of the main roads surrounding Caswell Beach which were identified in
Table 24. Those projects are TIP project #s R-3324 and R-2245.
TIP
Project
Project Description
Expected Construction Start
R-3324
New Route from NC 211 to NC 87 which
2009
will parallel and provide an alternative to
Dosher Cutoff Road.
R-2245
New Route from North Carolina 211
2007 (to begin route from 211,
around Midway Road to a Planned Bridge
but multi -year process for
to access the western end of Oak Island
entireproject)
Project R-2445 is the most beneficial to Caswell Beach as it will provide another access point to
Oak Island, and divert traffic away from the current single bridge accessing the island on the
western end near Caswell Beach.
6.5 Public Access Facilities and Public Beach
Status of Public Access
Caswell Beach has a small geographic area and a relatively small permanent and seasonal population.
There are a total of 10 public access sites along Caswell Beach's 2.75 miles of public beach strand, which
is approximately one site every 1,600 feet or 1/3 mile. Of the 10 public access sites, one site is classified
as a "Neighborhood Site" with approximately 80 free public parking spaces. The neighborhood site also
has portable restrooms, bike racks, and trash disposal. The other sites are classified as "Local Sites" and
provide dune walkover but no on -site parking. There is also public access and potential public parking
at the Oak Island Light House Park off Caswell Beach Road. On -street parking along Caswell Beach
Road is prohibited by ordinance, but the Town intends to reevaluate that policy if needed to meet state
and federal beach nourishment funding requirements.
The public access sites to the beach strand are primarily used by seasonal occupants renting housing
units during the peak season, and by Caswell Beach residents and their guests. There are no hotels or
motels in Caswell Beach serving large populations of seasonal visitors, and day trip beach visitors are
limited to the parking at the neighborhood access site off Caswell Beach Road.
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2006/2007 Town ofCaswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Status of Public Beach Strand
The preservation of the public beach strand in Caswell Beach is a top priority of the Town. Beach
preservation planning supports the goals and objectives of the Town's Strategic Plan to preserve,
protect and maintain the natural environment. As shown in Map 1 [Areas of Environmental Concern],
there are several relatively high erosion spots along the Town's beach strand ranging from an
estimated 4 to 5.5 feet per year. The erosion rate is based on a 50-year historical review of the
change in the location of the shoreline. The erosion rate has been adopted by the NC Coastal
Resources Commission as the basis for setting its oceanfront dune setback regulations, which
affect the location of development along the oceanfront. In 2001, the Town also began measuring
and monitoring the width of the berm (dune to high water mark) in seven high erosion areas for
the purposes of beach preservation planning. [See Section 4.1(4) of this Land Use Plan for more
information on erosion and see the erosion rate map at
http://dcm2.enr.state.nc.us/Maps/ER 1998/Color PDF/page 7.pdf1.
In response to the threat of erosion, the Town has been proactive in beach preservation planning
since the late 1990s. Caswell Beach has established a Beach Advisory Board, a Beach Preservation
Trust Fund, retained a lobbyist, adopted a Beach Preservation Plan, and issues annual beach
reports. [See the Town's website at ht!p://www.casweRbeach.orgjindex.asl2?NID=41 for
information on the above documents].
In 2003, the Town adopted its Five Year Beach Preservation Plan. The Town's stated purpose of
its beach preservation planning is to establish a comprehensive and prioritized five-year program
to guide all beach preservation activities including nourishment, preservation, erosion control,
restoration, maintenance, and public access. There are nineteen activities recommended for
implementation in the Five Year Beach Preservation Plan. Those 19 activities are categorized
under three areas based on whether the activity is related to nourishment projects, maintenance
projects or needed ancillary projects which have broad public benefit. Those activities include:
Source: 1 own of Caswell Beach rive Year Beach Preservation Flan
Beach Nourishment I Beach Maintenance
1. Conduct Erosion Education and
Awareness
2. Obtain Feedback from the Public
3. "Fifty (50) Year Project" Property
Acquisition
4. ID and Obtain Federal/State/County
Funding
5. Establish Local Project Funding
6. Retain Beach Lobbyists
7. Fifty (50) Year Project Easements
8. Implement 50 Year Project
9. Organizational Involvement
* Federal/State/Local funded beach nourishment project
10. Sand Fences
11. Dune Vegetation
12. Dune Protection
13. Beach Research
14. Hot Spot
Tracking/GeoTube
Installation
15. Beach Restoration
16. Debris Removal
17. Cooperative Erosion
Control Ventures
Ancillary Activities
18. Improve Beach
Access Walkways
19. Expand Public
Parking
over 50-year life span. The 50-year project is
conducted in part by the Army Corps of Engineers and is reliant on Congressional approval and tunding.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Planned 50-Year Beach Nourishment Project
One of the primary goals of the Town's beach preservation planning efforts is to conduct long-
term periodic re -nourishment of the beach strand. As part of this plan, the Town has requested
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) to undertake a General Revaluation Report to
determine if portions of beach strand in the Towns of Caswell Beach and Oak Island are feasible
for a 50-year nourishment project. The project consists of a shared federal, state and locally
funded project that includes initial build-up of the beach berm and periodic re -nourishment over
a fifty-year period. If the revaluation report approves feasibility and the project moves forward,
the ACOE will be required to conduct environmental impact statements and obtain approvals
from various Federal and state agencies before beginning any project construction. If approved, a
nourishment project would not be expected to start any earlier than the Fall of 2010, according
to project managers at the Corps of Engineers. The Corps of Engineers states that the
nourishment project is likely feasible based on their preliminary reports and studies, but
whether actual construction is begun by 2010 is highly contingent on whether adequate funding
from the federal government will be available.
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200612007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Section 7: Review of the 1997 CAMA Land Use Plan
Introduction: Assessment of the 1997 Land Use Plan Policy Effectiveness and
Implementation
This Section contains a brief assessment of the implementation of the 1997 CAMA Land Use
Plan. The assessment is to help determine whether the intent of that Plan's policies, and any
associated objectives and goals, have been followed by the Town. While some variation from the
Plan is expected due to unexpected circumstances, the overall "intent and tone" of the 1997 Plan
is expected to be followed. The "intent and tone" can be found in items like the 1997 Vision
Statement and in the 1997 policies themselves. It is important to note that the policies adopted in
the 1997 Plan are considered the Town's `current' policies, and will continue to be so until the
adoption of the 2007 Plan update.
The assessment can also be useful in helping to identify any strengths and/or problems in the
Town's existing "development management program". The "program" is the mechanism in
which the Town implements the policies and goals of the 1997 Plan. The "development
management program" is basically the Towns land -use related ordinances, capital/infrastructure
improvement programs, and any other community enhancement spending programs.
The purpose in assessing the outcomes of the 1997 Plan is for the Town to evaluate how effective
it has been in implementing the policies adopted in that Plan, and to evaluate whether any
changes to Town ordinances or spending programs are needed to account for any new issues that
have emerged. In other words, two questions should be asked in assessing the effectiveness of
the 1997 Plan:
1. Has the Town implemented a "development management program" today to deal with
the growth and development issues that were expected in the 1997 Plan?
2. Has the pattern of growth and development in Town over the last 10 years been
consistent with what was desired in the 1997 Plan?
Generally, the future growth pattern that was desired under the 1997 Plan can be found in the
three following locations:
o The 1997 Policies (Section IV in `97 Plan, page IV-1),
o The 1997 "Vision Statement" (Section IV in `97 Plan, page IV-3), and
o The 1997 "Future Land Classification System" (Section III in `97 Plan, page III-1).
The above items can be found in Sections III and IV of the 1997 Land Use Plan, but are also
briefly summarized throughout this Section.
Finally, in preparation for establishing policies under the 2007 Land Use Plan update, the
assessment of the 1997 Plan also helps identify what policies are effective and can be retained. In
particular, it can identify where any adjustments to existing policies are necessary, or where the
creation of completely new policy may be needed.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
The 1997 Policies
The assessment of the policies in the current adopted Town Land Use Plan (1997) shall consider
the following factors:
(A) Consistency of current land use and development ordinances with the existing
CAMA Land Use Plan (1997) policies;
(B) Implementation of the land use plan's polices by the Town; and
(C) Effectiveness of the policies in creating desired land use patterns and protecting
natural systems (i.e. water quality).
Key Issues in the 1997 Land Use Plan That Were to be Addressed by Policy
The 1997 Plan (Section I, page I-18) and the Plaes Executive Summary (Section II, page 6) showed
that the major planning issues identified during that planning process that needed to be addressed
included:
• Preservation of the Town as a low -density residential community.
• Address and mitigate ponding and flooding in needed areas.
• Address and mitigate oceanfront beach erosion.
Provide for a central sewer system.
• Ensure Town capacity could handle a growth in seasonal population.
• Control commercialization.
• Control multi -family development.
• Protect Areas of Environmental Concern.
Action or in -action taken by Town government since 1997 to address the above issues through its
policies, ordinances and programs are the primary benchmarks for assessing the 1997 Plan's
effectiveness. However, it is important to realize that with any plan, evolving conditions always
emerge that may delay, prohibit, or require the altering of intended goals or actions called for in
certain policies.
While the Plan is intended to anticipate and prepare for ever -changing conditions, it is difficult to
gauge the extent to which those conditions will occur. Overall, the Town of Caswell Beach has
been successful in meeting the primary goals established in the 1997 Plan to address the above
issues. The Town has retained an overwhelmingly low -density residential community and
continues to exceed state standards regarding development activity in Areas of Environmental
Concern. However, there are some important conditions and factors that have emerged and have
complicated complete policy implementation. Such conditions and factors should be considered
while evaluating the 1997 Plan policies. Those conditions include:
1. Growth in surrounding Brunswick County has continued to increase; between 1997
and 2005 the county grew by 43%. Growth in surrounding areas has led to
infrastructure capacity concerns regarding sewer, water and transportation
networks.
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200612007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
2. As population has increased, land values have increased, causing development
trends to favor higher -density developments (i.e. development pressure has sharply
increased for increased building heights and multiple unit structures).
3. While a centralized sewer system was planned and discussed in the 1997 Plan,
funding availability has led to delays in implementation.
Table 25 below lists all the existing Town policies as adopted in the 1997 CAMA Land Use Plan.
The polices are evaluated on:1) whether the Town development ordinances/programs have
remained consistent with the policy; 2) whether the policy has been implemented by the Town (if
it calls for action to be taken); and 3) whether the policy has been effective in reaching its intended
goal. The policies are not listed in the order they are found in the 1997 Plan, but have instead been
categorized under the six Management Topics which are required under the new CAMA
planning guidelines governing the creation of this Land Use Plan Update (See Section 2.2.3 in this
Plan for more info). Categorizing the existing policies under the Management Topics will help in
creating and organizing the policy section of this 2006/2007 Plan Update. Existing policies that
are adequate can be retained, policies that need adjustments can be updated, and areas where new
policy is needed can be inserted under its applicable Management Topic category.
Table 25: Consistency, Implementation and Effectiveness of the 1997 Land Use Plan Policies
1997/Existing Policy ',
Have Town Development
Has the policy been
Has the policy been
(Organized Under
Ordinances/Programs
implemented by the
effective m reaching a
Management Topics)
remained consistent with
Town?
Town goal?
policy? `
1)"Public Access-
ement Topic
-Management
Policy Name:
Yes. Beach preservation
Yes. Town has enhanced
Yes. Given the Town's
Recreation Resources
planning has included
existing public access sites
location, size and lack of
provisions for the need to
(i.e. parking and dune
commercial activity, the
increase public access and
walkover structures).
number of beach `visitors"
facilities to secure beach
experienced by the Town has
nourishment funding.
generally not exceeded the
Town's capacity.
2) "Land Use
Compatibility"
Topic
-Management
Policy Name.
Yes. Town limits density
Yes. Town limits density
Generally Yes. However, soil
Soils
through its development
through its development
limitations for existing
ordinances. Also, Town relies
ordinances to control
development and private
on state and County
wastewater capacity.
package plants has continued
regulations regarding septics.
to present ground absorption
problems.
Policy Name:
Yes. Zoning prohibits
Yes.
Yes. No industrial or heavy
Industrial Impacts on
industrial and heavy
commercial sites have been
Areas
commercial uses.
developed.
-Fragile
Polity Name:
Yes. Town policy opposes
Yes.
Yes.
Types and Locations of
industrial development in the
Desired Industry and
planning jurisdiction.
Urban Growth Patterns
Industrial uses have been
prohibited through zoning
ordinance.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
1997/Existing Policy
Have Town Development
Has the policy been
Has the policy been
(Organized Under
Ordinances/Programs
implemented by the
effective in reaching a
Management Topics)
remained consistent with
Town?
Town goal?
Policy?
-
"Land Use
Compatibility"
Management Topic
Cont'd
Policy Name:
Yes. Town exceeds CAMA
Yes.
Yes. No residential dwelling
Development of Sound _
regulations and does not allow
or commercial structures
and Estuarine Islands
aU commercial or residential
have been developed on
use as a permitted use in its
estuarine islands in the
zoning ordinance. Town
planning jurisdiction.
zoning of estuarine island
areas as "Conservation", only
allows those accessory
recreational and utility uses
which are allowed under
CAMA law.
Policy Name:
Town opposes bulkhead
Town continues to support
Yes. Bulkhead construction
Bulkhead Construction
construction along estuarine
the opposition of bulkhead
along estuarine shorelines is
shorelines and ocean hazard
construction.
limited in Town.
areas. Town has not
prohibited bulkhead
construction by local
ordinance and relies on
CAMA regulations in 15
NCAC 7H to manage
bulkhead construction.
Policy Name.
Yes. Town has maintained
Yes.
Yes. No development of uses
Manmade Hazards
zoning which prohibits
or structures which store
intense commercial, including
hazardous materials on -site.
gas stations and other uses
Package treatment plants
which may store hazardous
which store wastewater, are
materials on -site.
in the process of being
decommissioned.
Wastewater will be removed
from the planning
jurisdiction and not treated
on -site in the jurisdiction.
Policy Name.
Yes. Town follows CAMA
Yes. Town has allowed
Yes. Development impacts
Residential, Commercial
regulations in 15 NCAC 7H
residential uses in
have been managed to
and Industrial
regarding allowable residential
accordance with CAMA
protect natural resources
Development Impacts on
and accessory residential uses
regulations. Town has
such as coastal wetlands and
Resources
in AECs. Town zoning limits
maintained limited
estuarine islands.
density of such residential
residential densities, and
Development has also been
uses to 35 feet* maximum
has prohibited commercial
managed to retain the
height single-family units in
or industrial development.
existing low residential
properties which front
density along waterfront
estuarine shoreline, estuarine
areas.
water and public trust areas.
*May allow additional height to structures in designated flood zones with a regulatory Hood protection height requirement.
Not to exceed 26 feet above the regulatory flood protection height.
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase I Section 7: Review of Existing (1997) Land Use Plan 82

200612007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
1997/Existing Policy;
Have Town Development
Has the policy been
Has the policy been
(Organized Under
Ordinances/Programs
implemented by the
effective in reaching a
Management Topics)
remained consistent with
Town?
Town goal?
policy?
"Land Use
Compatibility"
Management Topic
Cont'd
Policy Name.
Yes. Town ordinances allow
Yes.
Yes. Redevelopment
Redevelopment of
redevelopment of older or
activities have occurred
Developed Areas
threatened structures to
according to and within
redevelop in accordance with
existing development
existing development
regulations.
standards.
Policy Name.
Yes. Policy establishes Town
Yes. The Town has
Yes. Oak Island Light House
Annexation/Planning
interest in considering
annexed the Oak Island
and park have been annexed.
Jurisdiction
annexation of properties
Light House and park
Town is planning for
adjacent to Town limits.
properties. Town is in favor
potential annexation of
of exercising ETJ and
Baptist Assembly area (if sale
annexation over the
or transfer of ownership).
"Baptist Assembly"
property if it is sold or
ownership is transferred.
"Assembly" area, and Town
authority over it, is
governed via a Local Bill in
the state legislature.
Policy Name.
Yes. Town policy is to prohibit
Yes.
Yes. No facilities have been
Energy Facility and
energy generating facilities
developed.
Siting
(other than individual solar
panels) in the planning
jurisdiction.
1997/Existing Policy
Have Town Development
Has the policy been
Has the policy been
(Organized Under
Ordinances/Programs
implemented by the
effective in reaching a
Management Topics)
remained consistent with
Town?
Town goal?
policy?
3) "Infrastructure
Carrying Capacity"
Management Topic
Policy Name.
N/A. Town has no local water
N/A. Town has no local
N/A. Town has no local
Groundwater/Protection
wells in use.
water wells in use.
water wells in use.
of Potable Water Supply
However, Town does not
allow commercial or
industrial uses which could
contaminant underground
water supplies. Town is
seeking sewer to eliminate
groundwater
contamination from septic
systems and package
plants.
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200612007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
1997/Existing Policy
Have Town Development
Has the policy been
Has the policy been
(Organized Under
Ordinances/Programs
implemented by the
effective in reaching a
Management Topics)
remained consistent with
Town?
Town goal?
policy?
"Infrastructure
Carrying Capacity"
Management Topic
Cont'd
Policy Name:
Yes. Zoning allows package
Yes.
Yes. Town has received a
Package Treatment
treatment, consistent with
CWMTF grant to
Plant Use
1997 Plan. Town will require
decommission all existing
decommissioning of Package
package treatment plants
Treatment and require hook-
and replace wastewater
up to sewer system when it
treatment with central sewer
becomes operational. County
and mainland treatment
Health Department rules are
plant.
enforced.
Policy Name:
Yes. Town policy is to
Yes.
Generally yes. Although
Water Supply
purchase water from the
water pressure can be an
County and distribute via a
issue during peak season.
Town distribution system.
The Town receives its water
Developers of subdivided
from the County, which also
property are required to pay
supplies retail customers as
for water line construction to
well as other municipalities.
serve newly created lots
Increased water treatment
and/or structures. All
capacity has been identified
development is required to
as a need of the overall
connect to Town water
County water system.
distribution system. Town
Upgrades are planned by the
residential density and
County to increase both
commercial activity has been
water treatment capacity and
limited in part to control
distribution efficiency over
water use demand.
the next five to seven years.
Policy Name.
Yes. Town has applied for and
Yes. Planning and funding
Generally Yes. Project is
Sewer System
secured a Clean Water
for sewer is 50% complete
ongoing.
Management Trust Fund
as of Vt Quarter 2007.
Grant for the decommission of
2 private package treatment
plants and for the
construction of a central sewer
collection system. Town funds
are also necessary to complete
the project.
Policy Name:
Yes. Town policy includes
Yes. Town Stormwater
Indeterminate and on -going.
Stormwater
establishing land use controls
Ordinance is intended to
Ponding remains an issue in
to better manage and/or
reduce/eliminate
certain areas in Town.
eliminate stormwater drainage
stormwater volume
Stormwater Ordinance
problems. Stormwater
entering the local drainage
addresses new development,
Drainage Study, Stormwater
system.
but existing development is
Management Plan and
large cause of stormwater
Stormwater Ordinance have
runoff entering local drainage
been completed and adopted
system.
by Town.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
1997/Existing Policy
Have Town Development
Has the policy been
Has the policy been
(Organized Under
Ordinances/Programs
implemented by the
effective in reaching a
Management Topics)
remained consistent with
Town?
Town goal?
policy?
"Infrastructure
Carrying Capacity"
Management Topic
Cont'd
Policy Name:
Yes. The Town has supported
Yes.
Ongoing. Traffic counts (i.e.
Transportation
the DOT'S Transportation
congestion) on and off Oak
Improvement Program, and
Island has continued to
has an advisory role in
increase. Second Bridge to
Brunswick County's current
Oak Island is scheduled and
(2006/2007) Comprehensive
expected to alleviate
Transportation Plans.
con estion affecting Town.
4) "Natural Hazards"
Management Topic
Policy Name.
Yes. The NC Floodplain
Yes. Town has
Town does have a
Flood Hazard Areas
mapping project studies have
implemented new Flood
comparatively low loss and
updated Base Flood Elevations.
Prevention Ordinance.
claim statistic (See Table 15)
Town is NFIP member and has
Town has also retained its
within the NFIP program,
adopted new Flood Prevention
prohibition of higher
but low elevation has
Ordinance to include the new
density structures in high
continued to cause ponding
Base Flood Elevations. The
hazard flood areas. Town
and even overwash in certain
Town requires a 2-foot
has implemented
areas (i.e. 700 Block of
freeboard above BFE. Vast
Stormwater Ordinance and
Caswell Beach Road and near
majority of zoning in VE flood
Management Plan to
intersection with Ocean
zone limits density of
control water runoff and
Greens Lane) during stronger
structures to single-family
pending.
storm events.
detached with 35-foot* height
limit on 12,000 to 8,000 sq. ft.
lots. Only exception is Oak
Island Villa Condos, which are
in the VE zone and pre -date
the new regulations.
Policy Name.
Yes. Town participates in
Yes. Town has not allowed
Generally yes, although long -
Sea Level Rise
Floodplain management and
increased density
term effects of both sea rise
actively monitors beach
development in high hazard
and beach migration may
migration. Town is seeking
flood areas.
have serious effects on
50-Year Nourishment Project
oceanfront and near
from the Army Corps of
ocean/sound properties in
Engineers.
Town.
Policy Name.
Yes. Zoning has limited
Yes. Beach Preservation
Generally yes regarding
Ocean Hazard Areas
density and scale of
committee, plan and fund
managing development in
development in ocean erodible
have been established.
ocean hazard areas. However,
areas. Town has also actively
Town has not increased
beach erosion has continued
sought beach nourishment
density allowances in ocean
to be an issue that the Town
assistance and beach
hazard areas.
will have to continuously
reservation planning.
address.
Policy Name:
Yes. The Town supports and
Yes. Town continues to
Yes.
High Winds
enforces the North Carolina
support and enforce
state building code regarding
updates to state building
wind resistant construction.
code.
*May allow additional height to structures in designated flood zones with a regulatory flood protection height requirement.
Not to exceed 26 feet above the regulatory flood protection height.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
-1997/Existing Policy
Have Town Development
Has the policy been
Has the policy, been
(Organized Under
Ordinances/Programs
implemented by the
effective in reaching a
Management Topics)
remained consistent with
Town?
Town goal? .
policy?
"Natural Hazards"
Management Topic
Cont'd
Policy Name.
Yes. Town continues
Yes. In addition to
Indeterminate. Steps have
Flooding
participation in the national
continuation of flood
been taken by Town to
flood insurance program
damage prevention
mitigate flooding problems; -
(NFIP) and enforces a flood
ordinance, the Town has
however, flooding remains an
damage prevention ordinance,
implemented a stormwater
issue in certain areas of Town
and a stormwater management
management ordinance.
(identified in Drainage
ordinance.
The Town has also
Study).
conducted drainage studies
to determine needed
drainage system
improvements.
Policy Name.
Yes. Town continues to
Yes. Redevelopment in
Yes. In addition to increasing
Redevelopment of
enforce policy that buildings
Hazard Areas will also be
management and regulation
Hazard Areas After a
damaged in excess of 50% of
subject to new stormwater
of redevelopment and
Storm
its value must conform to
management regulations
development in Hazard
existing regulations when
and the updated Flood
Areas, the Town has
redeveloped.
Damage Prevention
maintained low density
Ordinance.
building in high hazard areas.
Polity Name:
Yes. The Town utilizes an
Yes.
Generally Yes. Coordination
Evacuation Plans
Emergency Response Plan to
and efficiency of action have
outline duties and
been increased during
management steps to
emergency situations by
implement during emergency
having plan outlining
situations.
emergency procedures.
However, growth of
neighboring jurisdictions and
currently only one access
way on and off Oak Island
continues to present
evacuation problems.
5) "Water Quality"
Management Topic
Policy Name.
Yes. Town has adopted a
Yes. On -going. Stormwater
No. Shellfishing closures
Stormwater Runoff
Stormwater Ordinance that
Ordinance, Drainage Study
have increased/remained.
exceeds state standards
and Management Plan have
Since water -adjacent areas
regarding new development.
all been conducted.
are essentially built -out,
Town will adopt new Phase II
Improvements to drainage
pollutants in Stormwater
NPDES post -construction
system are being prioritized
runoff from existing
rules by July 1, 2007. Town
and are likely to be funded.
development and drainage
follows CAMA regulations in
systems are contributing to
15 NCAC 7H regarding
water quality problem.
development in AECs.
Drainage system retrofits and
implementation of sewer
system could alleviate some
of the problem.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
1997/Existing Policy
Have Town Development
Has the policy been
Has the policy been
(Organized Under
Ordinances/Programs
implemented by the
effective in reaching a
Management Topics)
remained consistent with
Town?
Town goal?
policy?
"Water Quality"
Management Topic
Cont'd
Policy Name:
Yes. Town opposes such
Yes. No marinas, moorings
Yes.
Marina and Floating
development. Marinas (10+
or dry stack storage have
Home Development
boat slips), dry stack boat
been developed in the
storage and floating homes are
planning jurisdiction.
not a permitted use in the
zoning ordinance.
Policy Name:
Yes. The Town has reviewed
Yes.
Indeterminate. Stormwater
Water Quality
its development regulations
from existing development,
Management
and has implemented a
development in other
stormwater ordinance which
jurisdictions, and issues with
encourages limited impervious
malfunctioning septic
surfaces, requires preservation
systems and package
of vegetative buffers, and could
treatment plants have not
require the use of stormwater
allowed for the preservation
detention/retention practices
or improvement in water
depending on the
quality in the local
development.
watershed.
Policy Name.
Yes. The Town supports
Yes.
Yes. Marina, mooring field,
Estuarine Waters and
preservation of water quality
and estuarine island
Public Trust Areas
by opposing marinas, floating
development has not
homes, mooring fields,
occurred. However, overall
estuarine island development,
water quality in the local
and bulkheads. Such uses are
watershed has decreased or
opposed by Town policy and
at least closed to shellfishing
should not be permitted
as urban type development
through the CAMA permitting
has increased over the years.
process.
Retrofits to retain and treat
stormwater drainage of
existing development, and
elimination of septic systems
and package plants may be
necessary to improve local
water quality.
Polity Name.
Yes. Town has relied on 15
Yes. Town has limited
Yes. No development other
Coastal Wetlands
NCAC 7H to regulate
private pier lengths through
than limited riparian access
development in coastal
ordinance to within a
(i.e. private piers) have been
wetland areas. Town
common "line of sight" to
allowed in coastal wetland
opposition to development of
retain similar distances
areas.
estuarine islands, marinas and
among all piers.
mooring fields has contributed
to preservation and'low
disturbance' of coastal
wetlands.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
1997/Existing Policy
Have Town Development
Has the -policy been
Has thepolicy been
(Organized Under
Ordinances/Programs
implemented by the
effective in reaching a
Management Topics)
remained consistent with
Town?
Town goal?
policy?
"Water Quality"
Management Topic
Cont'd
Policy Name:
Yes. Town supports 15 NCAC
Yes. The Town adopted in
Generally yes. Density of
Estuarine Shorelines
7H regulations, and has
2005 a Stormwater
development along estuarine
retained single-family zoning
Ordinance to further
shorelines has not been
along estuarine shoreline
protect estuarine shorelines
allowed to increase. Town is
areas.
with requirements for the
continuing activities to
creation and/or
improve its stormwater
preservation of vegetated
drainage, which may include
buffers of watercourses,
increasing vegetated buffers
waterbodies and wetlands.
of shorelines.
Policy Name.
Yes. Town supports CAMA
Yes. Town policy has been
Yes. No development of
Marine Resource Areas
regulations 15 NCAC 7H
to oppose incompatible
incompatible uses with
regarding use standards in
uses in estuarine and public
estuarine and public trust
estuarine and public trust
trust waters. Town has
waters have been allowed in
waters. Town opposes uses
continued such policy.
the planning jurisdiction.
such as marinas and mooring
fields which would be
incompatible with
maintaining integrity of such
natural resources.
Policy Name:
Yes.
Yes. The Town has not
Yes. No such activity has
Aquaculture Activities
allowed aquaculture
occurred.
activities.
6) "Local Concerns"
Management Topic
Policy Name:
Yes.
Yes.
Yes. No identified waste
Solid Waste
disposal issues.
Policy Name.
Yes.
Yes. Policy does not call for
Yes. Policy does not call for
Cultural/Historical
specific activity.
specific activity.
Resources
Policy Name:
Yes. Town opposes off -shore
Yes. Policy does not call for
Yes.
Off -Shore Drilling
drilling through policy, and
specific activity.
would not allow on -shore
facilities which would support
such off -shore drilling.
Policy Name.
Yes. Zoning prohibits such
Yes.
Yes.
Off -Road Vehicles
activity.
Policy Name.
Yes. Town relies in part on
Yes. Policy is statement of
Yes. No issues identified as
Commitment to State
state regulation and
support for state and
problems resulting from
and Federal Programs
permitting in CAMA AECs
federal programs. Policy
support of state and federal
and federal regulation of 404
does not call for specific
programs.
wetlands.
activity.
Policy Name.
Yes. Town policy continues to
Yes. Policy does not call for
Ongoing. No specific
Assistance in Channel
support channel maintenance
specific activity.
problems/issues identified,
Maintenance
of public trust waters.
other than federal funding for
However, the Town
dredging.
discourages dredging of
certain areas which could
increase erosion.
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2006/2007 Toxin of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
1997/Existing Policy
Have Town Development
Has the policy been
Has the policy been:
(Organized Under
Ordinances/Programs
implemented by the
effective in reaching a
Management Topics)
remained consistent with
Town?
Town'goal?
policy? .
"Local Concerns"
Management Topic
Cont'd
Policy Name:
Yes. Town officials have
Yes.
Ongoing. No specific
Assistance in Interstate
become involved in advocacy
problems/issues identified,
Waterways
organizations supporting the
other than federal funding for
adequate maintenance of the
dredging.
intracoastal waterway for the
economic and public
recreational benefits it
provides.
Policy Name:
Yes. Town generally supports
Policy does not call for
Ongoing. ,
Tourism
tourism industry in region.
I specific activity.
According to the general assessment in the table previously, the Town has largely been successful in
remaining consistent with and implementing a'majority of the policies it adopted under the 1997 Land
Use Plan.
1997 Vision Statement
After assessing the individual policies, the Vision Statement should also be reviewed as it is
intended to provide the overall direction, intent and tone of the 1997 Land Use Plan. Generally,
the individual policies and the Vision Statement are to be consistent and complimentary. The
Vision Statement adopted in 1997, which was intended to state the desired character of the Town
10-years in the future, which is now present day (2007), is as follows:
"Caswell Beach is a family -oriented residential community. Its
population is composed of a healthy blend of diverse backgrounds
and interests. The community will continue to protect its
residential character and its natural assets including consideration
of the latest, technology. The Town is proud of the quality of life,
which it provides its residents and visitors. Preservation of this
quality of life will be a primary concern of the Town."
The direction and intent of the Vision Statement outlines that the preferred growth and
development pattern for the Town between 1997 and 2007 was to remain a smaller -scale
residential and retirement -type community with limited growth in residential density and very
limited, if any, commercial growth. The Vision Statement also stresses protection of natural
resources and features, which the Town has tried to accomplish by opposing those uses which
would be incompatible (i.e. marinas, mooring fields, estuarine island development and
disturbance of coastal wetlands).
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2006/2007 Town oCaswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
1997 Future Land Classification System
The Future Land Classification System and Map in the 1997 Plan are also useful in evaluating
whether desired land -use patterns were maintained and are today consistent with what was
intended. Because of the small geographic size of the Town's planning jurisdiction, the Land
Classification System only identified two general categories of future land -use in Town. Those
categories included:1) Conservation, and 2) Developed. While the Land Classification System did
not set criteria for density or scale of development in various areas of the Town, it did outline the
boundary between areas that were essentially built -out and will develop along an urban -type
pattern ("Developed" category) and areas that are to be protected from intense development
("Conservation" category).
The Town has been successful in implementing the desired growth pattern outlined in the 1997
Land Classification System for the areas classified in the "Conservation" category. It has done this
by protecting them from intense development through the implementation of the Town's single-
family -only zoning districts (R-20 SF, R-12 SF and R-8 SF) which abut the areas in the
"Conservation" category, and through its Conservation (C) zoning district which strictly limits
development activity to only low -impact and only accessory -type uses. No primary residential or
commercial structures are allowed in the Conservation (C) zoning district.
The areas classified as "Developed" in the 1997 Land Classification System are currently zoned to
allow a mix of residential scales and types. Including some multi -family and duplex in the interior
of Town, transitioning to single-family near public trust waters and other Areas of Environmental
Concern. Commercial activity is very limited in the "Developed" category, and this area also
includes an 18-hole golf course that is considered `recreation' and desired to remain as such. These
types of zoning and development characteristics are consistent with the intent of the 1997 Land
Classification System.
Summary of Town Implementation and Consistency With 1997 Land Use Plan Policies
In general, the Town has implemented and remained consistent with the main policies regarding
the desired future growth patterns and overall character of the Town. The main policies that
were implemented and followed include:
1. Maintaining the predominantly residential character of the Town.
2. Maintaining a lower -density development pattern (including maintaining
predominantly 35' building height limits).
3. Maintaining the Town -wide ratio of single-family to multi -family structures.
4. Allowing only single-family structures on developable lots near ocean hazard areas,
estuarine shorelines and public trust waters.
5. Implementing a beach preservation program.
6. Prohibiting marinas, mooring fields and development of estuarine islands.
7. Implementing a stormwater plan for the jurisdiction and a stormwater ordinance
for new development.
8. Securing a CWMTF grant for a centralized sewer system.
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While a Town goal of the 1997 Plan was to preserve and/or improve surface water quality, water testing
by the North Carolina Shellfish Sanitation Branch, North Carolina Division of Water Quality and the
University of North Carolina at Wilmington indicate that the water quality has been declining and/or
not supporting of its designated use (shellfishing) in the local area watershed. The Town has been
proactive in regulating stormwater by adopting a stormwater ordinance, which exceeds the state
required standards regarding new development. However, the existing drainage system and existing
development have not yet been fully addressed. Implementation of a sewer system may address some of
the pollution sources found in existing development (i.e. failing or overloaded private package
treatment plants and septic systems), but retrofitting the existing Town -wide stormwater drainage
system may be needed. One available option to address stormwater from existing development would
be to utilize the septic systemss on individual properties as "underground rain cisterns". These rain
cisterns would catch stormwater from rooftops via a simple gutter system and prevent the stormwater
from carrying pollutants through the Town -wide drainage system and into area waters. This may be an
option to consider in Caswell Beach due to the fact that a sewer system will eventually be built, and the
existing septic systems will be taken off-line. If the septic systems could be used as rain cisterns, the
cost of removing them after the sewer system is constructed could be avoided in addition to their
functioning to remove stormwater loading into the Town drainage system. The North Carolina State
Biological and Agricultural Engineering extension service could advise on the rain cistern option and
other options for retrofitting the existing drainage system.
Many of the issues and associated policies in the 1997 Land Use Plan continue to be applicable to the
Town today. It is likely that many of the policy statements which reaffirm the Town desired growth
pattern will be retained or updated. New policy areas for this Land Use Plan update may focus on
addressing water quality problems caused not just from new development but also from stormwater
coming from existing development and the existing stormwater drainage system. Other new policy
areas may be needed on the issues of recreation areas, transportation systems and public access
facilities, as they will be stressed from increasing populations.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Phase II of the CAMA Land Use Plan:
Section 8: Plan For The Future -
Goals and Policy Statements for the Town of Caswell Beach
8.1 Land Use and Development related Goals of the Town
Throughout the planning process, the Town identified several existing and emerging issues facing
Caswell Beach. From the needs and issues expressed by the community, staff, and officials, the Town
developed a core set of goals to seek to achieve during the next five years and beyond. Some of the
Town goals are paraphrased below (refer to Sections 2.1 through 2.2.1 for an overview and
comprehensive listing):
• Retain the traditional character, intensity and density of the residential areas, particularly the
existing single-family neighborhoods and areas.
• Implement a sewer system designed for the primary purpose of protecting environmental and
human health, and minimizing the potential for "induced development" (i.e. increased building
densities and intensities).
• Reduce the negative effects of stormwater runoff and flooding.
• Preserve the existing "commercial recreational" use of the golf course and prevent future
residential infill development on the golf course.
• Reduce the negative effects of nuisances such as noise, lighting and illegal parking.
• Enhance and increase public parking and public. access facilities.
In addition to the Town's set of core goals, the Coastal Resource Commission (CRC) and the Division
of Coastal Management (DCM) have integrated a set of goals to assist the Town in meeting the
requirements of the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA). These goals are related to six
development -related Management Topics established by the CRC (discussed in Section 2.2.3 of this
Plan). Consistency with the Management Topics was determined to be essential for the proper use,
development, and protection of natural and manmade resources in coastal areas. The Towns goals
under the Management Topics are as follows:
• Ensure that development and use of resources or preservation of land minimizes direct and
secondary environmental impacts, avoids risks to public health, safety and welfare and is
consistent with the capability of the land based on considerations of interactions of natural and
manmade features.
• Ensure that public infrastructure systems are appropriately sized, located and managed so the
quality and productivity of areas of environmental concern and other fragile areas are protected
or restored.
• Maximize public access to the beaches and the public trust waters of the jurisdiction.
• Maintain, protect and where possible enhance water quality in all coastal wetlands, rivers,
streams and estuaries.
• Conserve and maintain barrier dunes, beaches, flood plains, and other coastal features for their
natural storm protection functions and their natural resources giving recognition to public
health, safety, and welfare issues.
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8.2 Definitions of Action and Descriptive Words Used in Policies
The following is a list of definitions for the `action -words' used in the Town's policy statements. This
list is used to help in clarifying a policy's meaning and intent.
Shall: An obligation to carry out a course of action.
Should: An officially adopted course or method of action intended to be followed to implement the
community Goals. Though not as mandatory as "shall", it is still an obligatory course of action unless
clear reasons can be identified that an exception is warranted.
May: Implies permission to pursue a course of action or implies that a course of action is probable and
likely. While "may" leaves room for flexibility for a range of choices, it does not imply a "may" or "may
not" status as used in policy statements.
Create: Bring about the desired goal, usually with Town staff and Planning Board involved at all levels
from planning to implementation. This could include financial support by the Town.
Continue: Follow past and present procedures to maintain desired goal, usually with Town staff
involved at all levels from planning to implementation.
Encourage: Foster the desired goal through Town regulation, staff recommendation and decisions.
Discourage: Inhibit an undesired course or action through Town regulation, staff recommendation and
decisions.
Enhance: Improve current regulations and decisions towards a desired state through the use of policies
and Town staff at all levels of planning. This could include financial support by the Town.
Identify: Catalog and confirm resource or desired item(s) through the use of Town staff and actions.
Implement: Actions to guide the accomplishment of the Plan recommendations.
Maintain: Keep in good condition the desired state of affairs through the use of Town regulations and
practices by staff. Financial support by the Town should be provided if needed,
Prevent: Stop described event through the use of appropriate Town regulations, staff actions, Planning
Board actions, and Town finances, if needed.
Promote: Advance the desired state through the use of Town policies and codes and Planning Board
and staff activity at all levels of planning. This could include financial support by the Town.
Protect: Guard against a deterioration of the desired state through the use of Town policies and
regulations, staff, and, if needed, financial support by the Town.
Provide: Take the lead role in supplying the needed financial and staff support to achieve the desired
goal. The Town is typically involved in all aspects from planning to implementation to maintenance.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach LAMA Land Use Plan
Support: Supply the needed staff support, policies, and financial assistance at all levels to achieve the
desired goal.
Sustain: Uphold the current state through Town policies, decisions, financial resources, and staff
action.
Work: Cooperate and act in a manner through the use of Town staff actions, and policies to create the
desired goal.
8.3 Policy Section Introduction and the Town of Caswell Beach Policy Statements
Within this Plan, the Town has established a set of land use and development related policies to act as
guidelines to be followed during any official decision making process of the Town, which can include
but is not limited to zoning ordinance decisions, grant application decisions, capital improvement
budget decisions, and any other Town ordinance or program decisions that impact community
development. The Town policies also provide citizens, property owners and developers with a
predictability of official actions. Town policies in this Plan were established based on the Town's
Vision Statement, goals set from the identification of needs and issues facing the community, and the
analysis of trends in local demographics, environmental conditions, existing land uses, and availability
of community facilities.
For simplification in the organization and presentation of Town policies, all policies have been
separated by their subject matter into five general Management Topic area categories that relate to
each policy's respective subject matter. The five Management Topic area categories used in this Plan
include;1) Land Use Compatibility, 2) Infrastructure Carrying Capacity, 3) Public Access, 4) Water
Quality, and S) Natural Hazards Mitigation.
As stated above, each of the Town policies have been separated and categorized under one of the five
Management Topics. To avoid repetition, policy statements that may be applicable to multiple
Management Topics are only stated once under the Management Topic they apply to the most, but are
referred to under any subsequent Management Topics they may also apply.
The format used for listing policies consists of first identifying the Management Topic, and then
stating the Management Topic's Goal as established under CAMA. Also included in the format may
be a description of specific Town Goals that relate to the Management Topic, as well as a brief
Objectives and Background Discussion that provides a general introduction and context for the
policy statements. Sub -headings, or Policy Titles, (e.g. Areas of Environmental Concern) are
numbered and underlined, and were used under each respective Management Topic (e.g. Land Use
Compatibility) to further separate policy statements into more distinct subject topic areas. Policy
statements under the sub -headings directly relate to the sub -heading, and then more generally to the
Management Topic. In addition, Policy Notes may follow certain policy statements. The Policy Notes
are intended to provide the context and intent for which the policy statement was created, or to help
clarify terms used in the statement itself.
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IMPORTANT NOTE: Any official land use or development related decisions made by the Town after
the adoption of this Land Use Plan are expected to be consistent with both the policy statements in
Section 8 and the Future Land Use Classification Map and Future Land Use Classification Area Development
Standards Table in Section 9. Any official Town decisions that are inconsistent with the policy
statements, Future Land Use Classification Map and Future Land Use Classification Area Development Standards
Table must follow Policy # 23(see below), and if substantially inconsistent, may require a Land Use
Plan amendment process with a public hearing, as well as a certification review by the Coastal
Resources Commission. See sections 10 through 10.2 (Tools for Managing Development); these
guidelines must be adhered to when development decisions are being considered. Policies number 2
and 7 on page 97-98 (Section 8) exceed state minimum standards.
23. Land Use and Development Decisions Consistent with Strategic Plan and Land Use Plan
Policy: Any official Town land use and development related actions (e.g. re -zonings, text
amendments, stormwater rules, etc.) shall remain consistent with the policies
adopted in the Strategic Plan, the Land Use Plan and any other applicable plan.
Any Town actions which are inconsistent with those plans or other related plans
shall require a statement from the Town body approving such decisions as to
why those decisions are necessary and how any negative impacts will be
mitigated.
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I. Management Topic: Land Use Compatibility
CAMA Land Use Compatibility Goal:
Ensure that development and use of resources or preservation of land minimizes direct and secondary
environmental impacts, avoids risks to public health, safety and welfare and is consistent with the
capability of the land based on considerations of interactions of natural and manmade features.
Town Land Use Compatibility Goals:
o Maintain and enhance quality of life (i.e. Town's environmental health, aesthetics, amenities, and
property values).
o Maintain and enhance proactive management of all new development and redevelopment regarding
intensity (i.e. building height, lot coverage and bulk) and density (i.e. units per acre).
o Retain the traditional character, intensity and density of the Town's residential areas.
o Develop (and redevelop) as a primarily residential community, with strict limitations on
commercial growth.
o Maintain the existing "Commercial Recreational -CR' zoning designation for the 18-hole Oak
Island Golf Course.
o Increase Town participation and contribution in Regional Growth Management (e.g. State Port,
Airport, County Transportation Systems, Potable Water, Sewer, and Environment).
o Prepare to assume planning authority over areas that may be annexed or included in the Town's
extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ).
Objectives and Background Discussion
The Town's policies listed below represent the Town's growth and development management strategy.
The policies provide guidance on setting criteria for development density, types of appropriate land
uses and structures, and the management of the CAMA Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs). The
Town of Caswell Beach has stated in its Vision Statement, goals and other sections of this Land Use
Plan that its intent is to be proactive in managing growth and development in order to maintain its
high quality of life and Town character as a small and low-key residential/resort community. As
detailed in Section 5, the Town has limited vacant and buildable land available to develop, and any
future redevelopment in a manner inconsistent with the existing Town character is opposed.
Cross -Reference Note to Land Use Compatibility Policy Statements: Section 9, following, will
detail the Town's standards for future development and redevelopment in the various distinct areas of
the planning jurisdiction. Those standards include density, intensity and land use type. Section 9 is to
be used in conjunction with the Land Use Compatibility Policy Statements following below.
Land Use Compatibility Policy Statements
1. Areas of Environmental Concern in General
Policy (a): The Town supports the protection of Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs)
designated under the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) in 15A NCAC
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Subchapter 7H. The Town shall seek the full enforcement of state, federal and
local regulations regarding AECs.
Policy (b): Areas of Environmental Concern are designated as "Conservation" on the Town's
Future Land Use Map and are subject to stricter development review and
regulation as outlined in the Town's Conservation Zoning District and in the
standards for floodway and shoreline protection in the Town's Stormwater
Ordinance.
2. Development of Sound and Estuarine Islands
Policy: Caswell Beach opposes any construction on sound or estuarine islands.
3. Ocean Hazard Areas
Policy (a): It is Caswell Beach's policy to preserve its ocean hazard areas.
Policy (b): The Town of Caswell Beach supports beach nourishment as the preferred erosion
control measures for ocean hazard areas. The Town will also evaluate and
consider any other environmentally sound erosion control options that may be
developed in the future.
Policy Notes: The Town of Caswell Beach actively engages in beach preservation planning which includes an adopted Beach
Preservation Plan, periodic monitoring and measuring ofbeach conditions, public education, a dedicated fund for beach
preservation activities, participation in beach preservation consortiums and associations, andpursuit of long-term
nourishment projects.
4. Estuarine Waters and Public Trust Areas
Policy (a): Caswell Beach supports the preservation of water quality in its estuarine and
public trust waters.
Policy (b): The Town shall seek to establish a local watershed planning group for its 14
Digit HUC watershed.
Policy Notes: The 14 digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) is a local watershed area that represents the smallest level
subdivision of the larger river basin (i.e. Cape Fear River Basin). The 14 digit HUC area is determined by the federal Natural
Resources Conservation Service (MRCS). The 14 Digit HUC in which Caswell Beach is in is relatively large encompassing
approximately 75,000 acres, of which the entireplanning jurisdiction of Caswell Beach comprises 3.501o. See the Map Graphic
in Section 4.1.1(8) for the extent of the 14 digit HUC. The 14 digit HUC encompassing Caswell Beach is a targeted watershed
for improvement by the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP) which works in conjunction with the North
Carolina DENR and the North Carolina DOT to restore local watersheds. For information on ESP's Watershed Planning
efforts, contact Michele Droszczat [phone] or visit http://www.nceep.net/
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5. Coastal Wetlands
Policy (a): Caswell Beach supports preservation of its coastal wetland areas.
Policy (b): The only allowable permanent and developed encroachment into coastal
wetlands and estuarine waters shall be for riparian access for individual riparian
property owners or for public access. Development of such riparian access is
required to meet the standards of the Town's regulations (including but not
limited to visual barrier ordinance, nuisance ordinances, zoning ordinance, etc.)
and CAMA regulations in 15A NCAC Subchapter 7H. When regulation
standards conflict, the more restrictive shall apply.
6. Estuarine Shorelines
Policy: Caswell Beach supports protection of its estuarine shoreline areas and
preservation of its scenic views of the coastal wetland areas adjacent to its
jurisdiction.
7. Bulkhead Construction
Policy: Caswell Beach supports the CRC/CAMA provisions regarding construction of
bulkheads.
8. Soils See Also Policy #40 and # 41)
Policy: Until the central sewer system, Caswell Beach supports actions to mitigate
septic tank problems and other restrictions on development resulting from soil
limitations.
9. Protection of Identified "Class III" and "Least Suitable" Areas
Policy: The Town shall protect the identified "Class III" and
"Least Suitable" areas by enforcement of its stormwater, zoning and flood
prevention regulations which regulate the use, filling, grading, or substantial
alteration of non -coastal wetlands, shorelines and floodways.
10. Residential, Commercial and Industrial Development Impacts on Resources
Policy (a): Residential development and accessory residential uses which meet 15A NCAC
7H use standards will be allowed in estuarine shoreline, estuarine water, and
public trust areas. All bulkhead construction shall be prohibited. All commercial
and industrial development will be discouraged within the Town of Caswell
Beach.
Policy (b): Except for public regulatory signs, Caswell Beach opposes the construction of
any signs in estuarine and public trust waters and coastal wetlands conservation
areas.
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11. Density of New Development and Redevelopment
Policy (a): Town policy is to strictly limit the density of new development and
redevelopment to preserve the overall existing ratio of single-family, attached
single-family and multi -family.
Policy (b): Redevelopment of existing structures to higher densities (more dwelling units
per individual structure) will be discouraged in areas permitting multi -family
and attached single-family structures, and will be prohibited in areas where
single-family is the only allowable use.
Policy Notes: For the purposes of Policy 11(a) and (b), Density is defined as a ratio of the square footage of the lot to the
number of dwelling units on the lot (e.g. 12 units per acre, or 12 units per 43,560 ft). Section 9 in this Land Use Plan, entitled
Future Land Use Classification Map and Standards, provides more detail on density and intensity standards in various areas
of the jurisdiction.
12. Commercial and Industrial Development
Policy: The Town opposes any new commercial or industrial related development
activity in its planning jurisdiction. However, the existing commercial activity
associated with the existing golf course (including clubhouse restaurant,
driving -range and recreational 18-hole golf -course) is desired to be continued in
its full present use.
Policy Notes: Section 9 in this Land Use Plan, entitled Future Land Use Classification Map and Standards, provides more
detail on thedelineated area of the "golf course and its associated use areas".
13. Preservation of Existing 18-Hole Golf Course
Policy (a): The Town opposes the redevelopment of the existing 18-hole golf course to any
other use. The Town will work with the Town of Oak Island on the preservation
of the golf course.
Policy (b): The Town shall seek methods to preserve the long-term continuation of the IS -
hole golf course.
Polity Notes: Section 9 in this Land Use Plan, entitled Future Land Use Classification Map and Standards, provides more
detail on the delineated area of the "golf course and its associated use areas".
14. Redevelopment of Developed Areas
Policy (a): The Town of Caswell Beach will support all reconstruction which complies with
state and local permitting requirements.
Policy (b): The Town will support efforts to move any threatened structures in the Ocean
Hazard AEC and the VE flood zone to safer locations.
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Policy (c): The Town intends the sewer system to be solely for environmental improvement
as opposed to inducing higher density development or redevelopment.
15. Annexation and Planning Authority Extension
Policy (a): Caswell Beach will be receptive to annexations and establishment of
extraterritorial planning jurisdictions, which are considered beneficial to the
Town.
Policy (b): The Town will establish ETJ authority and/or annex the "Baptist Assembly Area"
property if ownership or exclusive use of said property is transferred from the
North Carolina Baptist State Convention in accordance with Session Law HB
1277.
Policy (c): The Town will establish ETJ authority and/or annex the U.S. Coast Guard
Station property if ownership is transferred from the federal government. The
Town supports acquisition of the U.S. Coast Guard Station property for
conservation and recreational purposes.
Policy Notes: Seethe end of Section 5.1 in this Land Lase Plan for more detail on the local legislation passed by the NCGA in
1983 (House Bill 1277) whichgrants the Townplanning authority over the "Assembly Area if the "Area' is transferred out of
ownership of the North Carolina Baptist State Convention.
16. Industrial Impacts on Fragile Areas
Policy: The Town of Caswell Beach opposes any industrial and commercial development
within the Town.
17. State Port and Energy Facilities Siting and Development
Policy (a): Notwithstanding the apparent positive benefits to the State of North
Carolina and the region, the Town of Caswell Beach actively opposes the
building of the State Port because the Town sees no positive impacts on our
quality of life. Those impacts include, but are not limited to:
a. Traffic congestion from increased intensive use of the existing inadequate
transportation infrastructure;
b. Water quality degradation from increased intensive use of the water;
c. Stormwater runoff from the large impervious area of the port facility;
d. Air quality degradation from increased truck, ship and other facility machine
operation on an around the clock basis;
e. Increased demand on area potable water supply;
f. Increased demand on area wastewater treatment infrastructure;
g. Noise pollution generated from trucks, ships and rail;
h. Light pollution generated from the port and ships;
i. Solid waste discarded from ships offshore;
j. Lack of adequate housing and services to support the scope of the port;
k. Danger to recreational boaters from increased shipping traffic;
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1. Increased likelihood of man-made disasters or terrorist threat by placing an
international port, nuclear facility and munitions facility within such close
proximity.
Policy (b): The Town of Caswell Beach requests full disclosure of any plans to expand the
Progress Energy Brunswick Nuclear Generating Plant located near Southport, as
well as written notification if the plant is to be retired.
Policy (c) Energy generating facilities shall not be permitted in Caswell Beach. This shall
not apply to individual privately owned facilities such as solar panels, which
serve individual properties, or public energy distribution facilities.
18. Manmade Hazards
Policy (a): Caswell Beach supports the careful regulation and control of the location and
development of manmade hazards.
Policy (b): Caswell Beach is opposed to the establishment of toxic waste dumpsites within
Brunswick County.
Policy (c): With the exception of bulk fuel storage tanks used for individual heating,
Caswell Beach opposes the bulk storage of manmade hazardous materials within
its jurisdiction.
19. Building Height of New Development and Redevelopment
Policy (a): The Town shall regulate building height to preserve the existing low profile
character of the community. Building height shall be measured using the vertical
distance from the mean elevation of the finished grade along the front of the
building to the highest point of a flat roof, or to the deck line of the mansard roof,
or to the mean height level (roof midline) between eaves and ridge for gable, hip
and gambrel roofs. Under any circumstance, the vertical distance shall not
exceed the higher of:
0 26 feet above the Regulatory Flood Protection Elevation; or
0 35 feet above the mean finished grade elevation.
Policy (b): No structure shall be allowed more than 2 stories, under any configuration, above
the Regulatory Flood Protection Elevation..
20. Maximum Number of Bedrooms Policy: To limit impacts to Town infrastructure,
environment and quality of life, the Town shall ensure strict enforcement of
waste water discharge regulations and develop a sewer allocation formula that
reasonable mitigates the potential impacts caused by higher density structures.
Policy Notes: This policy is in reference to both managing the bulk size of structures and protecting against the misuse of septic
systems designed not to exceed a limited capacity. The design of theplanned sewer service also has built-in limited capacity,
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which is also intended to control the bulk size, density and sewage flow of structures to ensure a manageable and sustainable
level.
21. Regulation of Private "Clubhouse" and "Community Center" Structures
Policy: The Town opposes any zoning text amendment or map amendment that would
specifically allow the use and development of private clubhouses or private
community centers in areas that are both zoned for residential use and abut
Caswell Beach Road. This policy is intended to prohibit future uses (i.e.
"clubhouses") that are more intensive and may increase nuisance and parking
related problems in areas that are traditionally single-family.
22. Noise and Light Nuisance
Policy: The Town shall develop and enforce regulations designed to minimize the
deleterious effects of noise and light nuisances on residential and
environmentally sensitive areas (e.g. turtle and bird nesting areas).
23. Land Use and Development Decisions Consistent with Strategic Plan and Land Use Plan
Policy: Any official Town land use and development related actions (e.g. re -zonings, text
amendments, stormwater rules, etc.) shall remain consistent with the policies
adopted in the Strategic Plan, the Land Use Plan and any other applicable plan.
Any Town actions which are inconsistent with those plans or other related plans
shall require a statement from the Town body approving such decisions as to
why those decisions are necessary and how any negative impacts will be
mitigated.
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II. Management Topic: Infrastructure
CAMA Infrastructure Goal:
Ensure that public infrastructure systems are appropriately sized, located and managed so the quality
and productivity of areas of environmental concern and other fragile areas are protected or restored.
Town Infrastructure Goals:
o Maintain and enhance quality of life (i.e. Towns environmental health, aesthetics, amenities, and
property values).
o Implement a sewer system for the purpose of mitigating the environmental and human health risks
to the jurisdiction from outdated, failing or over capacity on -site wastewater treatment system
o Establish and maintain an adequate and effective stormwater management system and program.
o Ensure a safe and sufficient supply of water for both potable and firefighting uses.
o Increase Town participation and contribution in Regional Growth Management (e.g. State Port,
Airport, County Transportation Systems, Potable Water, Sewer, and Environment).
o Maintain sound fiscal policies and effective use of taxpayer money to achieve the Town's Vision by
using efficient multi -year planning, e.g. cost/benefit analysis and capital improvements planning.
Objectives and Background Discussion
As discussed in the report and analysis sections of this Plan, the Town's planning jurisdiction includes
only a relatively small amount of developable land (approx. 360 acres). Caswell Beach can be
characterized as a residential/resort community, with essentially no commercial activity other than a
golf course and its associated uses (i.e. clubhouse and restaurant) which fall under the Towns zoning
classification of "Commercial Recreation". The Towns overall growth management policy is to
maintain its existing mix of residential types, densities and intensity, and to strictly limit any future
commercial development or residential redevelopment above existing densities (Also see Future Land
Use Map and Section 9 in this Plan for more detail). The Town prefers this type of growth management
approach to avoid the need to continually provide substantial funding to expand capacity for
infrastructure, such as transportation systems (i.e. roads), wastewater collection (i.e. sewer), and
stormwater collection. As detailed in Section 6.2, the Town has budgeted grant and local funding for
the construction of sewer lines to service all existing properties within the jurisdiction. The sewer lines
will be tied -into the County and/or the Town of Oak Island sewer system, and it is the intent of the
Town and of the grant funding agency that no wastewater treatment systems will be located in, owned
or operated by Caswell Beach. The design of the sewer line capacity in the Caswell Beach jurisdiction
was conducted under the supervision of the Town to minimize or eliminate the potential for "induced
development" with associated increased density and intensity. The Town's infrastructure -related
policies listed below are consistent with their approach to overall growth management and
preservation of quality of life.
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Infrastructure Policy Statements
24. Sewer System
Policy (a): The Town of Caswell Beach supports the implementation of a sewer system to
serve all applicable structures and/or properties in the Town's jurisdiction, as
well as the Baptist Assembly and Coast Guard Station.
Policy (b): All applicable structures and/or properties in the Town's jurisdiction will be
required to connect to the sewer system when it is operational.
Policy (c): The Town of Caswell Beach supports further improvements to a regional sewer
service operated by the County and adjacent jurisdictions to treat sewer
collected in the Town's jurisdiction.
Policy (d): The Town of Caswell Beach supports the spraying of treated effluent from other
municipalities or other public or private entities on that portion of the Oak
Island Golf Course located in Caswell Beach.
25. Septic Decommissioning
Policy (a): When central sewer service becomes available, the Town prefers the re -use of
septic systems as "stormwater cisterns" as an innovative method to help capture
and retain stormwater on -site. This practice is intended to help minimize the
volume of stormwater and pollutants entering local surface waters, streets and
ditches.
Policy (c): The Town shall provide owners of septic systems with information on how to
retrofit and re -use septic systems as stormwater cisterns.
Policy (d): When a stormwater utility is established, the Town may "credit" those property
owners who re -used their septic system as a stormwater cistern.
26. Stormwater Management Systems Also See Policy #40 and #41)
Policy (a): The Town of Caswell Beach will support projects and local land use
development controls to eliminate stormwater drainage problems throughout its
planning jurisdiction.
Policy (b): The Town will support mitigation of negative impacts of stormwater runoff on
all conservation classified areas on the Town's Future Land Use Map.
Policy (c): The Town supports the policy that all North Carolina State Ports and
Department of Transportation projects should be designed to limit to the extent
practical stormwater runoff into estuarine/public trust waters.
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27. Groundwater/Protection of Potable Water Supplies
Policy: Caswell Beach will strive to conserve its surficial groundwater resources and
prevent the potential of sinkholes by discouraging individual shallow wells.
28. Water Supply
Policy (a): The Town supports the regional concept of water distribution in Brunswick
County. The Town shall continue to purchase its water supply from the County
water supply system.
Policy (b): The Town shall support protection of the local water supply and upgrade of its
water distribution system.
Policy (c): The Town shall continue to own the water distribution system within its
jurisdiction.
Policy Notes: Based on user projections and scheduled capital upgrades and expansion included in the County's 2006 Water
Supply Master Plan, there are no significant constraints to development or land development issues relating to the Town's
potable water supply based on the Town's plannedgrowth and development strategy. The county's water system should continue
to provide adequate water supply to the Town throughout the planning period. However, due to sizable continuedgrowth
throughout the County, the Town of Caswell Beach should maintain a proactive role in the monitoring, planning and support of
capital improvements needed for the County water system.
29. Solid Waste
Policy (a): The Town of Caswell Beach supports a regional multi -county approach to solid
waste disposal.
Policy (b): The Town of Caswell Beach supports efforts to recycle and reduce waste.
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III. Management Topic: Public Access
CAMA Public Access Goal:
Maximize public access to the beaches and the public trust waters of the jurisdiction.
Town Public Access Goals:
o Recognize and prepare for land acquisition opportunities to enhance or expand the Town's public
access facilities.
o Conduct on -going beach preservation planning activities to secure beach nourishment funding
and to meet public access site provision requirements for funding.
Objectives and Background Discussion
As discussed in the report and analysis sections of this Plan (Sections 4 and 6.5), the Town's planning
jurisdiction includes only a relatively small amount of developable land (approx. 360 acres), but a
comparatively large amount of public trust waters and marsh area (approx. 2,231 acres). The Town
intends to proactively manage/regulate activities and impacts in the public trust waters within its
planning jurisdiction. The policy statements below represent the Town's guiding principles in its
future management of the public trust waters within its planning jurisdiction. In addition to public
trust waters, the Town has 2.75 miles of public beach strand with a total of 9 public access sites, which
is approximately one site every 1,600 feet or 1/3 mile. Given the limited size of the jurisdiction and the
beach strand, and lack of available of vacant/developable land, the Town's "neighborhood" classified
access site, with approximately 80 free parking spaces, will likely be the largest public access site and
facility in the jurisdiction. The remainder of the public access sites are classified as "local". The Town
plans to retain this ratio of access sites, with enhancements and expansion of access site facilities
possible as funding and/or beach nourishment projects (and their associated access requirements)
become available.
Public Access Policy Statements
30. Public Access and Recreation Resources
Policy: Caswell Beach supports the state's shoreline access policies as set forth in
Chapter 15A, Subchapter 1M of the North Carolina Administrative Code. The
Town will conform to CAMA and other state and federal environmental
regulations affecting the development of estuarine access areas. The Town shall
assess the feasibility of increasing handicapped accessibility in the design of new
public access sites or during expansion of existing sites.
31. Use of Marine Resource Areas
Policy (a): Caswell Beach supports establishing regulations to prohibit the use of floating
structures for commercial advertising.
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Policy (b): Caswell Beach supports regulation of the operation of jet -skis in its estuarine
and public trust waters (including the Atlantic Ocean), as well as the continued
enforcement of the County regulations regarding the use of jet -skis and other
motorized watercraft.
Policy (c): Caswell Beach opposes aquaculture activities within its planning jurisdiction.
32. Marina and FloatinlZ Home Development
Policy (a): Caswell Beach opposes the construction of both upland and open water marinas
within its planning jurisdiction. However, should the Progress Energy Pumping
Station property become available, the Town may consider the development of a
municipal -owned public marina with access to the Intracoastal Waterway.
Policy (b): Caswell Beach opposes the construction of dry stack storage facilities for boats
associated either with or independent of marinas.
Policy (c): Caswell Beach opposes the location of floating structures in all public trust areas
and estuarine waters. Floating structures are defined as any structure or vessel
used, designed, and occupied as a permanent dwelling unit, business, office, or
source of any occupation or any private or social club, which floating structure or
vessel is primarily immobile and out of navigation or which functions
substantially as a land structure while moored br docked on waters within
county jurisdiction. Floating structures shall not be used commercially or
inhabited in one place for more than 15 days.
33. Mooriniz Fields
Policy: The Town of Caswell Beach opposes the establishment of mooring fields within
its planning jurisdiction.
34. Assistance in Channel Maintenance
Policy: Caswell Beach will support efforts of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and state
officials to provide proper channel maintenance. However, the Town opposes the
establishment of any dredge spoil sites within its jurisdiction. The Town
supports requirements to use acceptable spoil material for beach nourishment.
However, the Town opposes any dredging of Jay Bird Shoals or any other area
which would encourage beach erosion without first conducting extensive
engineering support studies prior to project initiation to ensure that no
permanent adverse effects on Oak Island Beaches would result.
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35. Assistance in Interstate Waterways
Policy: Caswell Beach supports continued maintenance and protection of the interstate
waterway (Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway System). The Town considers the
interstate waterway to be a valuable public recreation and economic asset.
36. Public Access Facilities and Parkin
Policy: The Town will meet state and federal public parking and access requirements for
beach nourishment and other related projects.
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IV. Management Topic: Surface Water Quality
CAMA Surface Water Quality Goal:
Maintain, protect and where possible enhance water quality in all coastal wetlands, rivers, streams and
estuaries.
Town Surface Water Quality Goals:
o Maintain and enhance quality of life (i.e. Town's environmental health, aesthetics, amenities, and
property values).
o Preserve, conserve, and/or otherwise protect valuable and beneficial natural resources (in particular
surface water and wetlands).
o Implement a sewer system for the purpose of mitigating the environmental and human health risks
to the jurisdiction from out dated, failing or over capacity on -site wastewater treatment systems.
o Establish and maintain an adequate and effective stormwater management system and program.
o Create a citizen awareness program on environmental issues and management.
Objectives and Background Discussion
As discussed in the report and analysis sections of this Plan (Section 4 and Subsection 4.1.1), a primary
goal of the Town of Caswell Beach found in their existing Land Use Plan and as a part of this Land Use
Plan update is to preserve, conserve, and/or otherwise protect valuable and beneficial natural resources.
Policy in the Town's existing CAMA Land Use Plan states that the Town supports the preservation of
water quality in it estuarine and public trust waters. Town policy is also to work with the North
Carolina Division of Water Quality to identify and reduce or eliminate the sources of pollution to area
surface waters. The Town of Caswell Beach has begun or will undertake certain activities that should
reduce or stabilize the contributing factors to the surface water quality problems in the jurisdiction.
Those activities include:
o Replacing septic systems and private package treatment plants with centralized sewer.
o Requiring stormwater runoff controls and vegetative buffer and/or BMP standards for new
developments and redevelopments.
o Providing education and outreach to homeowners on the effects of stormwater runoff and
how to prevent/minimize discharging pollutants on their property (i.e. resource guides on
the Town website, and public workshops).
Surface Water Quality Policy Statements
37. Water Quality Management
Policy: The Town of Caswell Beach supports the North Carolina Division of Water
Quality and its goals for surface water quality management including:
o Protecting waters that are high quality and/or support unique
biological communities;
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
o Managing the amount of harmful pollutants entering the
local watershed; and
o Restoring impaired waters.
38. Local Watershed Planning [Also See Policy # 4 (b)]
Policy: The Town of Caswell Beach intends to establish a local watershed planning
group of area stakeholders for its 14 digit HUC (i.e. local watershed) to identify,
prioritize and implement practical measures to maintain and improve local water
quality.
Policy Notes: The 14 digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) is a local watershed area that represents a small level subdivision of the
larger river basin (i.e. Cape Fear River Basin). The 14 digit HUC encompassing Caswell Beach is a targeted watershed for
improvement by the North Carolina Ecosystem EnhancementProgram (EEP) which works in conjunction with the North Carolina
DENR and the North Carolina DOT to restore local watersheds. For information on EEP's Watershed Planning efforts, contact
MicheleDroszczat [phone] or visit http.-#www.nceep.net/.
39. Support for Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Standards
Policy: The Town supports state and federal efforts to establish a comprehensive and
feasible Total Maximum Daily Load standard for identified harmful pollutants in
the local watershed and its waterbodies on the 303 (d) list of impaired waters.
Policy Notes: Section 303(d) of the Clean WaterAct (CWA) requires North Carolina to develop a list of waters not meeting water
quality standards or which have impaired uses. Listed waters must be prioritized, and a management strategy or total maximum
daily load (TMDL) must subsequently be developed for all listed waters. See the end of Section 4.1.1. (8) in this Land Use Plan for
more info on the 303 (d) listed waters in the Caswell Beachplanning jurisdiction.
40. Low Impact Development (LID) [Also See Policy # 4 (b), and Policy # 38]
Policy (a): The Town supports the concept and goals of Low Impact Development.
Policy (b): The Town shall evaluate the results of Low Impact Development practices
implemented in adjacent watersheds (e.g. Lockwood's Folly) and other similar
coastal watersheds, including but not limited to requiring the use of permeable
pavements and reducing the amount of impervious coverage allowed, to
determine its practicality for use in the Caswell Beach planning jurisdiction and
local 14 digit HUC watershed.
41. Use of Permeable/Pervious Materials and Total Lot Coverage Standards
Policy (a): The Town may require permeable/pervious materials to be used for items such as
driveways, patios and other structures not immediately part of and necessary to
the structural integrity of the primary structure.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Policy (b): The Town may establish total lot coverage standards for both pervious and
impervious man-made structures and surfaces to maximize as much as possible
an -uncovered state" of the existing or installed natural vegetation, and/or the
existing sand or soil on the lot.
42. Preservation of 404 Wetlands (non -coastal wetlands)
Policy: The Town opposes the filling or grading of 404 classified wetlands for any
development purpose without mitigation efforts such as replacing the destroyed
wetlands on or off -site, or paying a fee in lieu of replacement to be used by the
Town to create wetlands as part of its overall stormwater and flood protection
management system.
Policy Notes: The Town highly values its remaining coastal and non -coastal (404) wetlands for the aesthetic, flood protection,
erosion control, wildlife habitat and runoff cleansing values offered by functioning wetlands. The intent of this policy is to
provide a framework for the extra protection of wetland areas (of all sizes). that may not be fully protected under the Army
Corps of Engineers' rules under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act.
43. Comprehensive Stormwater Program
Policy (a): The Town shall establish a stormwater program to comprehensively manage
both the volume of stormwater and volume of pollutants entering the
stormwater drainage system and ultimately local receiving waters.
Policy (b): The Town stormwater program shall include ordinances that, at a minimum,
enforce NPDES Phase II standards. The stormwater program may include the
creation of a dedicated stormwater utility and capital improvements program to
fund periodic construction and maintenance of stormwater infrastructure
servicing existing and future developments.
Additional Surface Water Quality related policies listed in previous Management Topic Sections
include:
o "Coastal Wetlands" policy # 5.
o "Sewer System" policy # 24.
o "Septic Decommissioning" policy # 25.
o "Stormwater Management Systems" policy # 26.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
V. Management Topic: Natural Hazards Mitigation
CAMA Natural Hazards Mitigation Goal:
Conserve and maintain barrier dunes, beaches, flood plains; coastal wetlands and other coastal features
for their natural storm protection functions and their natural resources giving recognition to public
health, safety, and welfare issues.
Town Natural Hazards Mitigation Goals:
o Continue to implement beach preservation planning and activities, in addition to seeking
long-term funding for beach nourishment and protection of the public beach and oceanfront
properties from erosion.
o Reduce flooding and water quality impacts associated with uncontrolled stormwater runoff.
Objectives and Background Discussion
The jurisdiction of Caswell Beach is located on the eastern tip of a barrier island ("Oak Island")
surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the south, the Cape Fear River to the east, the intracoastal
waterway to the north, and the Town of Oak Island to the west. The Town has a low coastal
topography with a maximum height elevation of 20-25 feet. According to floodplain data from FEMA
and the NC floodplain mapping program, nearly 82% of the developed land in the planning jurisdiction
is within a Special Flood Hazard Area zone (AE or VE). As detailed in Section 4, storm surge from a
strong category 2 hurricane or above is expected to inundate a sizable portion if not the entire
jurisdiction. As a result of the threat from storm surge and erosion, the Town has become very involved
in beach preservation planning over the last decade and has begun to implement both short-term and
long-term activities intended to protect public health and property. The policy statements below
represent the Town's guiding principles in its future management and pursuit of mitigating the impacts
of natural hazards.
Natural Hazards Mitigation Policy Statements
44. Consistency with the Town's Hazard Mitigation Plan
Policy: The Town shall continue to follow the mitigation strategies and implementation
measures located in the Town's adopted 2004 Community -Based Hazard
Mitigation Plan. Those strategies and measures include:
o Improving public awareness of hazards (i.e. notification of risks of
building in flood zones, publicizing evacuation routes and procedure).
o Minimizing the impacts of hazards (i.e. enforcing building codes,
ocean area setbacks, flood zone regulations).
o Improving the Town's technical capability in preparing for and
responding to hazards (i.e. emergency preparedness).
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
45. Emergency Preparedness
Policy (a): The Town shall ensure emergency preparedness during hurricanes, oil
spills, fish kills, and other emergency situations by implementing the following:
o Updating and maintaining the TowWs Emergency Preparedness Plan.
o Establishing an Emergency Preparedness Planning Committee or other
means to ensure that planning is complete, current and available to
residents.
o Developing a list of approved contractors to use in preparation for, during
and after emergencies. Specialty skills, e.g. doctors and nurses to assist in
emergencies should be identified and inventoried.
o Maintaining an updated list of Damage Assessment Team members.
o Providing public education and distribution of
information, e.g. with information packets available
Town Hall.
Policy (b): The Town shall ensure seamless, effective emergency communications with and
between Town citizens and pertinent parties, i.e. police, EMS, U.S. Coast Guard
by implementing the following:
o Assessing current capabilities, identify shortfalls and formulate an
Emergency Communications Plan to provide needed capability, including
assured communications, time and user -friendliness among the criteria.
o Approving, implementing and publicizing the plan, including telephone
numbers and frequencies.
46. Evacuation Plans
Policy: The Town will continue to coordinate evacuation planning with Brunswick
County, and adjacent municipalities. Caswell Beach will encourage multi -family
developments (five or more dwelling units) and rental agencies to post
evacuation instructions that identify routes and the locations of available public
shelters.
47. Enforcing Building Codes to Resist Wind Damage
Policy: Caswell Beach supports enforcement of the NC State Building Code. The Town
will continue to require construction design standards to meet the minimum
required wind loads.
48. Flood Hazard Areas
Policy (a): The Town will continue to regulate development within flood hazard areas
("flood zones") to minimize the potential for loss of life and property.
Policy (b): The Town of Caswell Beach shall continue to be an active participant in the
National Flood Insurance program, and will periodically evaluate the feasibility
of improving its Community Rating System score to lower flood insurance costs.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Policy (c): The Town supports continued enforcement of the CAMA and 404 Wetlands
development permit processes in areas potentially susceptible to flooding. When
reviewing development proposals, the Town will work to reduce density in areas
susceptible to flooding.
49. Redevelopment in Flood Hazard Areas After a Storm
Policy: Reconstruction of damaged properties after a storm will be subject to the
following:
o The North Carolina Building Code requires any building damaged in excess
of 50 percent of its value to conform with code requirements for new
buildings when repaired.
o The Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance requires that all existing
structures must comply with requirements related to elevation above the 100-
year floodplain elevation ("Regulatory Flood Protection Elevation") and
floodproofing if they are substantially improved. A substantial improvement
is defined as 'any repair, reconstruction, or improvement of a building, the
cost of which equals or exceeds 50 percent of the market value of the building
either before the improvement or repair is started, or before damage occurred
if the building has been damaged. '
o No increases in density (e.g. number of dwelling units in the structure) are
allowed.
50. Beach and Shoreline Erosion (Also See Policy # 3)
Policy (a): The Town of Caswell Beach shall seek to protect the beach by instituting a
program for a major beach nourishment project to include seeking substantial
Federal, State and County funding for cost sharing purposes, and supporting
near term research and experimentation associated with a major beach
nourishment project.
Policy (b): To prepare for and secure participation in a major beach nourishment project,
the Town shall continue to update its beach preservation planning and research
activities, which includes public involvement and education, lobbying efforts,
dune maintenance and protection, as well as enhancement of public access
facilities.
Policy (c): The Town supports CAMA regulations regarding ocean hazard areas and
associated setback requirements as a means to reduce the potential threat to life
and property in high erosion areas. The Town shall continue to enforce its
existing zoning standards which limit building density and intensity in ocean
hazard areas.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
51. Acquisition of Property in Hazardous Areas
Policy (a): The Town supports the potential acquisition of land that is unsuitable for
development due to flooding, erosion or other natural hazards in cases where
such acquisition serves a needed public purpose such as increasing access to the
beach or public trust waters, or providing public parking. The acquisition of
"unsuitable land" by federal and state agencies is also supported by the Town.
Policy (b): The Town shall investigate outside funding sources for the potential acquisition
of land deemed not suitable for development, and shall also encourage the gift
and donation of such land for state tax credits.
End of Policy Statements
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Section 9: Future Land Use Classification Map and Standards for the Town of Caswell Beach
The Future Land Use Classification Map is meant to visually depict the major land use and
development goals and policies to be implemented by the Town. The Map is intended to show the
community's planned future growth patterns in distinct areas (i.e. the "future land classification areas")
within the Town's planning jurisdiction. The Map also shows the planned future boundaries of those
respective areas to ensure that incompatible uses or types of development do not encroach.
To be used in conjunction with the Future Land Use Classification Map (FLUCM) is the Future Land Use
Classification Area Development Standards Table (or FLU Table). The table lists the desired predominant land
uses and development characteristics for each respective area, as well as the intensity and density goals
and standards for each area. While the Future Land Use Classification Map and FLU Table establish goals
and policy direction for various areas in the Town's planning jurisdiction, it shall be the Town's Official
Zoning Map and Zoning Ordinance, and other supporting ordinances, that codify the actual
development regulations within the various areas of the planning jurisdiction.
IMPORTANT NOTE: The FLUCM and FLU Table act as official Town policy statements just like those
found in Section S. Any official land use or development related decisions made by the Town after the
adoption of this Land Use Plan are expected to be consistent with both the policy statements in
Section 8 and the development standards outlined in the FLUCM and FLU Table (Table 26) in Section 9.
Any official Town decisions that are inconsistent with the Future Land Use Classification Map and Future
Land Use Classification Area Development Standards Table must follow Policy # 23, and if substantially
inconsistent, may require a Land Use Plan amendment process with public hearing and certification
review by the Coastal Resources Commission.
Map 12: Future Land Use Classification Map
See Map Appendix: Map Number 12
9.1 Future Land Use Classification Area Development Standards Table
Table 26, following, outlines the key desired development standards for each individual future land use
classification area depicted on the Future Land Use Classification Map. In the FLUCM and FLU Table, the
Town has identified its standards for future growth, development and redevelopment. Those standards
include:
1. The predominant and planned land uses (i.e. residential, conservation, recreation, etc.) for each
classification area.
2. The planned density (i.e. dwelling units per acre) and intensity (i.e. height, setback, and overall
bulk) for development in each classification area.
3. The establishment of "conservation" areas and the compatible uses within those areas.
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Table 26: Future Land Use Classification Area Development Standards Table
Classification '
Total Acres
Percent of Total Planning-
Permitted/
Min Lot Size / Units per
Residential
Maximum '
Percent of Lot
Area
In
Jurisdiction / Percent of
Cond. Uses
acre
Structure
Structure
Footprint .
Classification
Jurisdiction Above
Allowed
Types
Height
Within
Area.
MHW
Allowed
Setback Area
(i.e.
Unbuildable .
Portion of Lot
"Residential
54 ac
2% of total jurisdiction;
Residential
201000 ft /
Single-
35 feet*
25%
Low Density"
15% of jurisdiction above
2.2 du/ac
family
(5,120 ft2 of lot is
(R-20-SF)
estimated MHW line
within setback
area)
"Residential
40 ac
1.5% of total jurisdiction;
Residential
12,000 ft /
Single-
35 feet*
42%
Medium
11% of jurisdiction above
3.6 du/ac
family
(5,120 fe of lot is
Density"
estimated MHW line
within setback
R-12-SF
area)
"Residential
27 ac
1% of total jurisdiction;
Residential
8,000 ft /
Single-
35 feet*
64%
Medium -High
7.5% of jurisdiction above
5.4 du/ac _
family
(5,120 ftZ of lot is
Density"
estimated MHW line
within setback
R-8-SF
area)
"Residential
89 ac
4% of total jurisdiction;
Residential
An equivalent of 20,000 ft
Single-
35 feet*
High Density"
24.5% of jurisdiction
for the first dwelling unit in
family;
(R-20-MF)
above estimated MHW
the structure, with an
Duplex;
line
additional 5,000 fO of lot
Multi -
area required for each
family
additional unit in the
structure
5.7 du/ac
TOTAL for
210 ac
8.5% of total jurisdiction;
Residential
58% of jurisdiction above
Land Use
estimated MHW line
"Exceptions to 35 height maximum height may be allowed in areas required to elevate the first story to the "regulatory flood protection
elevation". See Policy 19.
NOTES:
• Total Area in Planning urisdiction = 2,591 acres.
• Total Area of Planning jurisdiction Estimated to Be Above Mean High Water (MHW) Line rDry/Buildable Land"] = 360 acres.
• Du/ac means the gross number of dwelling units possible/allowed per acre.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Classification
Total Acres
Percent of Total
Permitted/
Min Lot
Residential
Maximum
Percent of Lot
,Area
In Classification
PlanningJurisdiction /
Cond. Uses Allowed,
Size /
Structure
Structure
Footprint
:Area ,,
Percent of Jurisdiction
Units per
Types
Height
Within Setback
Above MHW
acre
Allowed
Area (i.e.
Unbuildable
Portion of Lot
Commercial
97 ac
4% of total juris. ; 27% of
Golf course, golf
N/A
No
35 feet
N/A
Recreation
jurisdiction above
clubhouse, golf
Residential
estimated MHW line
maintenance
facilities, swimming
Uses Allowed
pool, tennis court
TOTAL for
97 ac
4% of total jurisdiction;
Commerce/
27% of jurisdiction
Recreation-
above estimated MHW
related Land
line
Use
Conservation
2,246 ac in total
86% of total jurisdiction;
Accessory uses and
N/A
No
N/A
N/A
jurisdiction; 21.5 ac
6% of jurisdiction above
structures of a water
Residential
in juris. above
estimated MHW line
dependent nature.
Uses Allowed
estimated MHW
Bulkheads are
line (includes
prohibited.
Progress Energy
Station Site
TOTAL for
2,246
86% of total jurisdiction;
Conservation
(22 ac)
6% of jurisdiction above
Land Use
estimated MHW line
Rights -of Way
31 ac
1% of total juris. ;
N/A
N/A
No
N/A
N/A
(e.g. streets)
9% of jurisdiction above
Residential
estimated MHW line
Uses Allowed
TOTAL for
150 ac
91.5% of total juris. ;
All Non-
42% of jurisdiction
Residential
above estimated MHW
Land Use
line
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118

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Breakdown of the percent of land in the jurisdiction allocated to the various land uses identified in the
Future Land Use Classification Area Development Standards Table:
Classification Area by General Land Use
Percent of Land Use in Area of
jurisdiction Above MHW
Residential
58%
Commerce/Recreation-Related
27%
Conservation
6%
Rights -of -Way
90/0
TOTAL
100%
9.2 Description of Existing and Future Development Characteristics in the Classification Areas
The Description of Existing and Future Development Characteristics subsection provides information
on the general existing growth patterns in each of the future land classification areas, compared with
the Town's desired future growth patterns for each of the respective areas. It is important to note that
most, if not all, of the areas are primarily built -out, and therefore desired future characteristics may not
be substantially different from existing characteristics. The classification areas include:
1. "Residential Low Density"
2. "Residential Medium Density"
3. "Residential Medium -High Density"
4. "Residential High Density"
5. "Commercial -Recreation"
6. "Conservation"
1. "Residential Low Density"
The Residential Low Density area encompasses approximately 54 acres of the planning jurisdiction.
The area primarily consists of the "Arboretum" development on the northwestern side of the golf
course. The existing development pattern is exclusively single-family detached residences on a
minimum of 20,000 ft2 lots. As shown on Map 9: Existing Land Use Map, there are only 12-17 remaining
vacant lots in this classification area. According to the FLUCM and FLU Table, the Town plans to allow
these lots to develop in the same pattern as the surrounding existing development. Any redevelopment
of existing structures will also be to the same standards as outlined in the FLU Table.
"Residential Low Density" Infrastructure Capacity
As mentioned in Section 6 of this Plan, the area encompassing the "Residential Low Density"
classification is primarily served by a private package treatment plant for wastewater disposal and by
the Town water system for potable water supply. As part of the Town's grant award for sewer system
construction from the Clean Water Management Trust Fund, all package treatment plants in the
planning jurisdiction are to be decommissioned. The Town will require existing and future
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2006/2007 Town of aswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
development in the "Residential Low Density" area to connect to the sewer system when completed. A
cost estimate of the sewer system costs can be found in Section 6.
The Town water system will continue to be the classification area's potable water supply, and no
expansion of water lines is needed in the "Residential Low Density" area. However, the Town is
exploring the need to establish a Water Systems Plan to evaluate the costs and possible alternatives for
water system improvements designed to increase water pressure in certain areas of Town.
"Residential Low Density" Land Development Suitability
As shown on Map 8: Environmental Composite Map and Map 10: Land Suitability Analysis Map, there are
isolated `spots' of land classified as having "less suitability" for dense and intense -type development.
Those `spots' are due to the data used in preparing the analysis showing site characteristics (such as
soil type, vegetative ground cover, elevation, and hydrology) which would indicate the likely presence
of non -coastal or "404" wetlands. The Town understands the value of preserving functioning wetland
systems for their help in erosion control, flood abatement, stormwater cleansing, wildlife habitat and
aesthetics. The Town intends to protect the remaining functioning wetlands within its jurisdiction
(see policy #42).
Other less suitable or environmentally sensitive areas in the Residential Low Density area include the
estuarine shorelines and coastal wetlands on the waterfront side of the classification area. As shown in
the FLLICM and FLU Table, the Town has classified the majority of these areas as "Conservation" and
strictly manages the types of uses and structures that are allowed. Other development constraints in
the Residential Low Density area include the AE flood zone. The Town enforces an NFIP approved
flood damage prevention ordinance, with a two -foot freeboard for construction in special flood hazard
areas with an established base flood elevation.
2. "Residential Medium Density"
The Residential Medium Density area encompasses approximately 40 acres of the planning jurisdiction.
The area primarily consists of the oceanfront properties east of the intersection of Oceangreens Lane
and Caswell Beach Road. The existing development pattern is exclusively single- family detached
residences on a minimum of 12,000 ft2 lots. As shown on Map 9: Existing Land Use Map, there are less
than 12 remaining vacant lots in this classification area. According to the FLLICM and FLU Table, the
Town plans to allow these lots to develop in the same pattern as the surrounding existing development.
Any redevelopment of existing structures will also be to the same standards as outlined in the FLU
Table.
"Residential Medium Density" Infrastructure Capacity
As mentioned in Section 6 of this Plan, the area encompassing the "Residential Medium Density"
classification is served by individual private septic systems for wastewater disposal and by the Town
water system for potable water supply. As part of the Town's grant award for sewer system
construction from the Clean Water Management Trust Fund, all septic systems in the planning
jurisdiction are to be decommissioned. The Town will require existing and future development in the
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200612007Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
"Residential Medium Density" area to connect to the sewer system when completed. A cost estimate of
the sewer system costs can be found in Section 6.
The Town water system will continue to be the classification area's potable water supply, and no
expansion of water lines is needed in the "Residential Medium Density" area. However, the Town is
exploring the need to establish a Water Systems Plan to evaluate the costs and possible alternatives for
water system improvements designed to increase water pressure in certain areas of Town.
"Residential Medium Density" Land Development Suitability
As shown on Map 8: Environmental Composite Map and Map 10: Land Suitability Analysis Map, the Residential
Medium Density area is bordered and encroached by areas classified as having "less suitability" for
dense and intense -type development. Those areas are classified as "less suitable" due to the data used in
preparing the analysis showing site characteristics such as low elevation, flood zone, dune presence,
ocean erodible area which would indicate the increased likelihood of flooding, erosion and storm surge
damage to property and structures in the classification area. The Town understands the benefits of
erosion control, dune protection, beach nourishment, and flood and storm surge protection, and
intends to pursue measures that will increase the protection of life, property and the environment
within its jurisdiction (see policies # 1, 3, 25, 26 and 47-51). As shown in the FLU Table, the Town
intends to restrict dense and intense type uses and structures within areas threatened by the
combination of erosion, storm surge and flooding.
3. "Residential Medium -High Density"
The Residential Medium -High Density area encompasses approximately 27 acres of the planning
jurisdiction. The area consists of the estuarine shorefront properties on the north side of Caswell Beach
Road east of the CAMA Local Access Site and Progress Energy facility. The existing development
pattern is exclusively single-family detached residences on a minimum of 8,000 ft2 lots. As shown on
Map 9: Existing Land Use Map, there are approximately 24-29 remaining vacant lots in this classification
area. According to the FLUCM and FLU Table, the Town plans to allow these lots to develop in the same
pattern as the surrounding existing development. Any redevelopment of existing structures will also
be to the same standards as outlined in the FLU Table.
"Residential Medium -High Density" Infrastructure Capacity
As mentioned in Section 6 of this Plan, the area encompassing the "Residential Medium -High Density"
classification is served by individual private septic systems for wastewater disposal and by the Town
water system for potable water supply. As part of the Town's grant award for sewer system
construction from the Clean Water Management Trust Fund, all septic systems in the planning
jurisdiction are to be decommissioned. The Town will require existing and future development in the
"Residential Medium -High Density" area to connect to the sewer system when completed. A cost
estimate of the sewer system costs can be found in Section 6.
The Town water system will continue to be the classification area's potable water supply, and no
expansion of water lines is needed in the "Residential Medium -High Density" area. However, the
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Town is exploring the need to establish a Water Systems Plan to evaluate the costs and possible
alternatives for water system improvements designed to increase water pressure in certain areas of
Town.
"Residential Medium -High Density" Land Development Suitability
As shown on Map 8: Environmental Composite Map and Map 10: Land Suitability Analysis Map, the Residential
Medium -High Density area is bordered and encroached by areas classified as having "less suitability,"
for dense and intense -type development. Those areas are classified as "less suitable" due to the data
used in preparing the analysis showing the presence of site characteristics such as low elevation, flood
zones, estuarine shoreline, and coastal wetlands which would indicate the increased likelihood of
flooding, erosion, storm surge damage, and environmentally sensitive areas. The Town understands the
benefits of preserving coastal wetlands, estuarine water quality, and implementing flood and storm
surge protection, and intends to pursue measures that will increase the protection of life, property and
the environment within its jurisdiction (see policies # 1, 3,4 (b), 5, 25, 26, 38-41, 43 and 47-51). As
shown in the FLU Table, the Town intends to restrict dense and intense type uses and structures within
areas threatened by the combination of erosion, storm surge and flooding.
4. "Residential High Density"
The Residential High Density area encompasses approximately 89 acres of the planning jurisdiction.
The area is bordered by an estuarine shorefront (Progress Energy canal) to the east and the golf course
to the west. There are also some existing multi -family areas classified as Residential High Density along
the oceanfront, in the southwest corner of Town bordering the Town of Oak Island. The existing
development and land use pattern is primarily multi -family, with some duplex, single-family attached,
single-family detached, and passive and active open space. The lot sizes vary as the different residence
types were built as subdivisions and/or planned developments. Common ownership of a single parcel
with multi -family and two-family dwellings is also common (i.e. condominium). As shown on Map 9:
Existing Land Use Map, there is very limited vacant land, which is not dedicated open space, available to
develop in this classification area. According to the FLUCM and FLU Table, the Town plans to allow
these lots to develop in the same pattern as the surrounding existing development. Any redevelopment
of existing structures will also be to the same standards as outlined in the FLU Table for the Residential
High Density classification area
"Residential High Density" Infrastructure Capacity
As mentioned in Section 6 of this Plan, the area encompassing the "Residential High Density"
classification is primarily served by a private package treatment plant for wastewater disposal and by
the Town water system for potable water supply. The Residential High Density area located long the
oceanfront is currently connected to and served by the Town of Oak Island sewer system. As part of the
Town's grant award for sewer system construction from the Clean Water Management Trust Fund, all
package treatment plants in the planning jurisdiction are to be decommissioned. The Town will
require existing and future development in the "Residential High Density" area to connect to the sewer
system when completed. A cost estimate of the sewer system costs can be found in Section 6.
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase II Section 9 Future Land Use Classification Map and Standards 122

2000007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
The Town water system will continue to be the classification area's potable water supply, and no
expansion of water lines is needed in the "Residential High Density" area. However, the Town. is
exploring the need to establish a Water Systems Plan to evaluate the costs and possible alternatives for
water system improvements designed to increase water pressure in certain areas of Town.
"Residential High Density" Land Development Suitability
As shown on Map 8: Environmental Composite Map and Map 10: Land Suitability Analysis Map, the Residential
High Density consists mostly of land classified as medium to medium -high suitability for development.
The areas along the shorefront are bordered and encroached by areas classified as having "less
suitability" for dense and intense -type development. Those areas are classified as "less suitable" due to
the data used in preparing the analysis showing the presence of site characteristics such as low
elevation, flood zones, estuarine shoreline, and coastal wetlands which would indicate the increased
likelihood of flooding, erosion, storm surge damage, and the presence of environmentally sensitive
areas. The Town understands the benefits of preserving coastal wetlands, estuarine water quality, and
implementing flood and storm surge protection, and intends to pursue measures that will increase the
protection of life, property and the environment within its jurisdiction (see policies # 1, 3, 4 (b), 5, 25,
26, 38-41, 43 and 47-51).
5. "Commercial -Recreation"
The Commercial -Recreation area encompasses approximately 97 acres of the planning jurisdiction. The
area is bordered by the Residential Low Density and Residential High Density classification areas, and
by the Town of Oak Island jurisdiction. The existing land use within the Commercial -Recreation area
is recreation associated with the 18-hole golf course and its clubhouse and restaurant. It is the Town's
policy to preserve the existing uses within the Commercial -Recreation and prohibit future residential
uses or more intense commercial uses. See policy # 13.
"Commercial -Recreation" Infrastructure Capacity
There is no infrastructure -intensive residential or commercial development in the Commercial -
Recreation area. The existing clubhouse and restaurant will be connected to the sewer system upon its
completion. It is also planned that the golf course will use approved treated wastewater for irrigation
purposes. The irrigation system for the golf course is part of the proposed sewer system construction
project. The Town's sewer system has been designed not to include any additional capacity or line
distribution for any potential development within the existing golf course land area.
"Commercial -Recreation" Land Development Suitability
As shown on Map 8: Environmental Composite Map and Map 10: Land Suitability Analysis Map, there are
isolated `spots' of land classified as having "less suitability" for dense and intense -type development
within the Commercial -Recreation area. As the Commercial -Recreation area is planned to continue as
an active recreation/open space land use, no incompatibility with land development constraints is
expected or applicable.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
6. "Conservation"
The Conservation area encompasses approximately 2,246 acres of the planning jurisdiction. The area
contains the Town's estuarine waters, coastal wetlands and other public trust and areas of
environmental concern (AECs). Only water dependent accessory uses and structures (including but
not limited to piers and docks) are allowed in the Conservation area. No residential or commercial uses
are allowed in Conservation areas.
"Conservation" Infrastructure Capacity
Infrastructure such as water and sewer will not be extended into the conservation areas. Sewer and
water may be extended to public access sites classified as Conservation if public restroom facilities are
necessitated at those sites.
"Conservation" Land Development Suitability
Due to the overwhelming presence of estuarine water, coastal wetlands, public trust areas, unvegetated
beach, dunes and other erodible areas, the entirety of the Conservation area is not suitable for dense or
intense development, which includes any form of residential or commercial use.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Section 10: Tools for Managing Development
The Tools for Managing Development Section provides:1) a description of the role the policies and
goals of the Land Use Plan shall play in determining the approval, rejection and/or scale of development
projects; 2) a description of the Town's existing development management and regulation program;
3) a description of additional tools used to implement the polices of the Land Use Plan; and 4) an
Action Schedule for setting an implementation timeframe for the Town's priority goals and policies.
10.1 Role and Status of the Plan
The Town Land Use Plan is a guiding tool that establishes the desired direction for land use and
development in the community. Although the statements and policies in the Land Use Plan do not
have the authority of an ordinance or regulation, many state and federal decisions on permitting local
actions/projects rest on a determination of consistency with the Town's Land Use Plan. Such state
permitting decisions include CAMA major permits (see Section 1.4) issued by the Division of Coastal
Management. The Town's securing of state or federal grant/loan funding may also be contingent upon
review of consistency with the Town's Land Use Plan, and to whether the Town's policies are adequate
enough to meet state and federal standards regarding funded projects (e.g. beach nourishment and
public access).
In addition, any future Town zoning ordinance and/or map amendments to accommodate development
projects must also be evaluated for their consistency with this Land Use Plan. Those Town decisions to
amend zoning regulations must be evaluated even if they do not relate to a land use, dimensional
standard, or area that is not under the purview of state or federal permitting. Section 7 of Session Law
2005-426, which amended North Carolina General Statute 160A-383, requires that planning board
review of zoning amendments include a written statement on the consistency of the proposed
amendment with the Land Use Plan and any other relevant plans (such as a small area plan,
transportation plan, stormwater master plan, etc.) that have been adopted by the Town's governing
board. The statute does include provisions that allow the Town's governing board to proceed and
adopt proposed zoning amendments in which the planning board may determine to be inconsistent
with adopted plans, if the Town governing board can provide a statement as to why the action taken is
reasonable, necessary and in the public interest. The Town's governing board is required to adopt such
a statement on plan consistency or inconsistency before adopting or rejecting any zoning amendment.
10.1.1 Intended Uses of the Plan
In addition to the above in 10.1, when adopted by the Town governing board and certified by the
Coastal Resources Commission, the Land Use Plan shall also be used for the following:
The approval of routine and major developments (including redevelopments) shall be
consistent with the policy direction and goals of the Land Use Plan.
Amendments to development related ordinances (e.g. rezoning petitions), conditional use
permit review and approval and creation of new ordinances shall be consistent with the
policy direction and goals of the Land Use Plan.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
The approval of capital improvements (e.g. water, sewer, and stormwater systems, etc.),
and related projects, shall be consistent with and prioritized based on the policy direction
and goals of the Land Use Plan.
Town Administration/Planning Staff shall consult the Plan and use it as a basis for making
recommendations to the planning board and the Town governing board in such actions as
development approval and ordinance amendments. If the proposed development or
amendment is in conflict with the policy direction or goals of the Land Use Plan, staff shall
notify the planning board and the Town governing board of the possible inconsistency.
[See also the discussion of Session Law 2005-426 previously].
In reference to carrying out the above, the policy statements andgoals of the Land Use Plan can be found in
Sections 8.0 - 8.3. Also refer to Section 9 and Map 12: The Future Land Use Classification Map
for policy guidance. In addition, a moregeneral statement of policy direction can be found in Section 2.3:
Town's Vision Statement.
In addition to the Town planning board and governing board, the Land Use Plan may also be used by:
The Public - The Land Use Plan shall be available to any interested member of the public. The
Plan can inform the public of the direction and future of their community and give them a sense
of knowing and understanding what is going on. Public knowledge of the goals and policies of
the Land Use Plan will also assist the public in forming support or opposition for actions in
their community, to act as caretakers of their community.
Landowners and Developers - The Land Use Plan provides developers and landowners with
guidance and expectations on the types of land uses and development that are desired by the
community. Knowledge of expectations and possible requirements of development will aid
developers and land owners in preparing sound proposals and plans which will be more likely
to be approved by Town officials in a more time -efficient manner. The Land Use Plan and its
mapping and analysis can also provide landowners and developers with general information
that could make them aware of possible capabilities and limitations of their property.
Town Staff - Town staff, beyond the Administration/Planning Department, can use the plan as
a tool for evaluating project proposals (such as new parks or bike paths) and for preparing plans
for public facilities and infrastructure (such as water/sewer upgrades). Town Staff could also
use the plan and its policies and goals when preparing its budget requests and
recommendations, and make reference to the plan when preparing applications for grants and
other assistance.
Area Jurisdictions — Local jurisdictions that may be affected, either positively or negatively, by
actions of Caswell Beach can use the plan to understand and predict the intents and purposes
behind such actions. Area jurisdictions may also want to coordinate with the Town on
achieving certain common goals, or in implementing similar policies. Such common goals could
be the improvement of surface water quality in the local watershed which includes multiple
jurisdictions.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
10.1.2 Amendment of the Land Use Plan
In addition to amending Town zoning regulations, the Town's Land Use Plan may be amended if
situations arise where the Land Use Plan becomes in conflict with new local, state or federal policy
needs (consult NCAC 7B Section .0900 for Amendment Rules, which can also be found at
http:Hdcm2.enr.state.ne.us/Rules/Text/tl5a-07b.0900.pdf ). The scope of the amendment procedure is
commensurate with the scope of the amendment. In other words, minor updates or minor changes in
policy require minor amendment procedures, whereas substantial amendments to Town policy will
require substantial amendment procedures such as public hearings, review by the Division of Coastal
Management and other agencies and jurisdictions, and recertification by the Coastal Resources
Commission.
10.2 Staff Flow Chart for Determining Consistency of Development Proposals and Ordinance
Amendments
The following flow chart is an example of the process by which Town Staff may determine consistency
of local development and regulatory decisions with the policy direction and goals of the Land Use Plan.
Staff receives request to review
development proposal or amendment
Staff identifies which policies and/or goals (Sections 8, 9 and Map 12) are key
(both pro and con) to the development proposal or ordinance amendment
Staff determines based on available information and direction derived
from the Plan, whether the development proposal or ordinance
amendment is consistent or in conflict with the intent of the Land Use
Plan. (Staff discretion in Interpreting consistency may be necessary in
cases where adequate information is lacking and/or in cases where
policy direction may be open-ended with the intent of allowing
flexibility for case -by -case determinations on unique development
proposals or ordinance amendments)
Staff documents In their
recommendation report the key (both
pro and con) policies and goals
Staff reviews Policy Impact Analysis
(See Appendix III) to determine if the
key policies in support of the
development proposal or ordinance
amendmentwill negatively impact
any other goals or policies
Staff documents in their recommendation report any
applicable mitigation measures that may need to be
considered if the proposal is approved
Staff recommendation report goes to Planning Board and/or Town
governing board (whichever is applicable) for decision -making
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
10.3 Existing Development Program
The Town Code of Ordinances contains all the local ordinances and many of the regulations used
by the Town to manage growth and development. Some of the primary ordinances, regulations and
plans regarding land use management are listed in Table 27 below. The Town also intends to include a
Capital Improvements Plan (as shown in Table 28) as a tool for managing development given its use as
a mechanism for planning for the expenditure of large funds on projects that may have direct impacts
on growth and development.
Table 27: Existing Development Program
Ordinances/Regulations
Responsible Department
Zoning Ordinance
Administration/Plannin
Subdivision Ordinance
Administration/Plannin
Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance
Administration/Plannin
CAMA Local Permitting Officer Authority
N/A as of 2007
Building Code (State Building Code)
Administration/Planning*
• Exterior Lighting Restrictions
• Visual Barrier Restrictions
• Landscape/Tree Removal
Restrictions
• Filling, Grading and Excavating
• Abandoned Structures/Demolition
Water Use Ordinance
Administration
Stormwater Regulations
Administration/Planning*
• Stormwater Management
• Illicit Discharge
Beaches and Waterways Regulations
Administration
• Dune Protection
• Personal Watercraft Safety
• Sea Turtle Sanctuary
Parking Regulations
Administration
Nuisance Ordinance
Administration
• Noise and Weeds, Grass and Refuse
Adopted Plans
CAMA Land Use Plan
Administration/Plannin
Strategic Plan
Administration/Planning'
Beach Preservation Plan
Administration/Plannin * Beach Advisory Board
Hazard Mitigation Plan
Administration /Contains Implementation
Measures for All Departments
Emergency Operations Plan
Administration /Contains Implementation
Measures for All Departments
*The Town of Caswell Beach currently does not have a formal Planning Department. The planning duties (including
development plan review, zoning administration, code enforcement, and building inspections, etc.) are carried out by the
Town Administrator, Town administration staff and the Building Inspector.
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
10.4 Existing Development Program in Implementing the Policies and Goals of the Land Use Plan
See Appendix IV for a table describing how the existing ordinances and plans will assist in
implementing the policies and goals of CAMA and the Land Use Plan.
10.5 Additional Tools for Managing Development
In addition to the existing development management program described in subsection 10.3, the Town
may seek to establish additional programs or plans, or amend existing ordinances, to address currently
unmet and/or future needs. Acquisition programs for the purchase of land for public uses or for
infrastructure improvements may also be used as an additional tool for managing development. Some
of those additional tools, their estimated implementation date and the responsible department for
overseeing the development of those tools are listed in Table 28 below.
Table 28: Schedule for Implementiniz Additional Management Tools
Ordinances/Regulations
To be Done in
Department
Fiscal Year
Responsibility
Zoning Ordinance Amendments'
1. Text Amendment/Re-zone "Business" Zone to
FY 07-08
Administration
match current "R-20 MF" Zone standards
2. Text Amendment to apply 4153.029 minimum lot
FY 07-08
size/density standards for multi -family
developments to the base "R-20 MF" Zone
3. Text Amendment to revise and clarify the definition
FY 07-08
of "Building Height" in 5 153.002 and 4153.084
4. Text Amendment to clarify definition of a "Story" as
found in 4153.002
FY 07-08
5. Text Amendment to eliminate the "3 stories"
allowance in 4153.084 for zoning districts that are
FY 07-08
required to elevate the first floor above the
regulatory flood protection height
6. Text Amendment of 4153.033 to identify
"bulkheads" as a prohibited use/activity in the
FY 07-08
"Conservation" Zone
Stormwater Management Ordinance Amendments
FY 07-08 or 08-09
Administration
7. Incorporate Phase II NPDES coastal rules
8. Consider requiring use of permeable surfaces for
driveways, Parking spaces and other related
structures
9. Consider Stormwater Utility
10. Consider using decommissioned septic systems as
stormwater/rain retention cisterns
11. Sewer Use Ordinance
FY 07-08 or 08-09
Administration
12. Subdivision Ordinance
FY 07-08
Administration
*See Appendix V for a background discussion on each of the numbered recommended amendments.
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase II Section 10 Tools for Managing Development 129

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Table 28 cont'd
Official Plans'
13. Stormwater Master Plan
FY 07-08
Administration
14. Beach Preservation Plan
Ongoing Updates
Administration
/Beach Advisory
Board
15. Sewer System Plan (need to address costs and capacity in
FY 07-08
Administration
the design, construction, and O&M of the system)
16. Water System Plan (need to address inadequate pressure)
Administration
17. Strategic Plan (need to update to ensure consistency with
FY 07-08
Administration
the LUP and other new programs and documents
Capital Improvements Program
Scheduled Fiscal Year and Ongoing
Begin CIP process
18. Capital Improvement Plan (CIP)*
in FY 07-08 to
Administration
take effect in FY
08-09
e. Sewer System Construction
FY 07-08 or 08-09
f. Beach Preservation Program Activities
Ongoing
g. Stormwater System Improvements
FY 07-08 or 08-09
h. Water system Improvements
FY 07-08 or 08-09
* A Capital Improvements Program (CIP) is a long term and continually updated plan that identifies major capital projects
and acquisitions that are to be considered for funding over a period of time, usually five or six years. It allows governing
bodies to prioritize and plan for capital projects and acquisitions to ensure that they are meeting the goals of the Town. In
addition to identifying the cost of major capital projects and acquisitions, the CIP also identifies proposed funding sources
(i.e. general fund, installment purchasing contracts, special assessments, grants) and the expected impact of the project or
item on the operating budget (i.e. increase operating cost, decrease operating costs, etc). The Town of Caswell Beach
currently does not have a formal CIP. The Town intends to create a formal CIP process to apply for the FY 08-09 budget
cycle. CIP related projects listed above and scheduled to be implemented prior to the creation of a formal CIP program are .
projects that may be budgeted as needed from the current operating budget.
10.6 Action Schedule
The Action Schedule is a listing of the priority actions the Town has set to accomplish in the planning
period of this Land Use Plan (typically 5-6 years). The `actions' to implement are derived from the goals
and policy statements of the Land Use Plan. Actions may be added to the list in the future if situations
change or new needs arise. The Action Schedule should be referenced with subsection 10.5: Additional
Tools for Managing Development and Table 28: Scheduled Additional Management Tools which show the
expected plans to be created and expected ordinance amendments intended to assist in reaching the
goals and policies found in the Action Schedule and the Land Use Plan in general. Finally, the Action
Schedule will be used as the benchmark to prepare a CAMA required implementation status report
every two years for the life of the plan, beginning upon the Coastal Resources Commission's
certification of the Town's Land Use Plan (see North Carolina Administrative Code 15A 7L .0511).
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Phase II Section 10 Tools for Managing Development 130

200612007Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Table 29: Action Schedule
Management
Responsible
2007-
• 2008-
2010-
2011-
2012-
Action
To is Goal
Entity
2008
2009
2011
2012
2013
1. Continue Expanding Public
Administration
Participation in Land Use Planning.
2. Revise portions of the Zoning
Land Use
Administration
Ordinance to address internal
Compatibility
consistency and to implement LUP
goals and policies. See Table 28 for
detailed list of recommended
amendments.
3. Construct sewer system to serve
Water Quality/
Administration
platted/developable areas (eliminate
Infrastructure
septic system and package treatment
Carrying
use).
Capacity
4. Revise stormwater management
Water Quality
Administration
regulations to incorporate Phase II
rules, permeable surface provisions,
and other management
recommendations of the Stormwater
Master Plan.
5. Establish a Local Watershed
Water Quality
Administration
Planning Group. Coordinate with
adjacent jurisdictions and state
agencies.
6. Develop and integrate a Capital
Public Access/
Administration
;
oho
ago
boo
Improvements Program (CIP) to
Land Use
`.
o
0
0
0
prioritize funding for projects such
Compatibility/
:D a
°�°
as stormwater system improvements,
Infrastructure
75
O
O
O
O
public access, sewer, etc.
Carrying
Q
Capacity
7. Pursue mechanisms to preserve the
Land Use
Administration
en
oo
oo
'oo.
existing18-hole golf course, such as
g
Compatibility"
o
o__
`
0
o.
..0
not approving any future requests to
rezone or add text amendments
O' _ €`
. O
O�
O: _
O
which would allow residential uses
in the CR-1 Zone. Coordinate
activities with Town of Oak Island.
8. Pursue stricter enforcement of
Land Use
Administration
oo'
., on ..bO
nuisance i.e. ems bl ronoise and
1? (
Compatibility
P ty
o
o
o
obO
0., ..
light) and parking problems.
d
r.
°ao "
O ...,
O. .�
: 0;;
:0, ..
O
9. Implement public parking and
Public Access/
Administration
' ;
,;
�
= eo
public access enhancements as
Land Use
o "„
o " ",
o
0
0
required by beach nourishment
Compatibility
= `
funding.
O
O
O '�
O'
O
10. Implement annexation or
Land Use
Administration
w '
extraterritorial jurisdiction over the
CompatibilityP.
o
g
o
; o
'o
-Baptist Assembly" and/or U.S.C.G.°�o
�.';�on
' q
property if those properties have a
O
O
O :
O
:0 ;
change of ownership (if applicable).
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Two (2) Year Implementation Status Report"
The Town shall submit a land use plane implementation status report to the Coastal Resources
Commission (CRC) two years following the date of certification of the plan by the CRC.
Section 11: Conclusion
This Land Use Plan (LUP) contains the adopted goals and policies for the Town of Caswell Beach
which are to be implemented and followed over the next five to ten year planning period (from the date
of LUP certification by the CRC), and beyond if an update is not conducted within 10 years. The intent
of the policies and actions detailed in this plan are to be carried out in good faith by current and future
elected officials and Town staff. Any public decisions by Town officials regarding growth and
development (e.g. re -zonings, land use related ordinance revisions, conditional use permits, capital
improvement projects, public grants, etc.) are to remain consistent with the policies, goals and
objectives in this plan. To allow flexibility if circumstances or community preferences change, the Land
Use Plan can be updated or amended. Current Land Use Plan updates are conducted through a grant
from the Division of Coastal Management and are on a seven to ten year cycle, which is primarily
determined by funding availability. The Town may undertake an amendment of the Land Use Plan at
any time, but must follow the regulations found in North Carolina Administrative Code Title 15A,
Chapter 7, Subchapter 7B, Section .0900-.0901.
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Conclusion 132

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Appendix
Appendix I: Citizen Participation Plan
Appendix II: County Water System Master Plan - Program of Construction Table
Appendix III: Policy Impact Analysis Table
Appendix IV: Existing Development Program in Implementing the Policies and Goals of the
Land Use Plan
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach LAMA Land Use Plan
Appendix I: Citizen Participation Plan
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN
TOWN OF CASWELL BEACH
CAMA CORE LAND USE PLAN
PHASE I and PHASE II
I. Introduction
The Town of Caswell Beach is beginning the development of a Core Land Use Plan (LUP) under the
North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA). Land use planning provides one of the best
opportunities for public involvement in the NC Coastal Management Program, and the CAMA
planning program emphasizes public participation in the planning process. Interested citizens and
nonresident property owners will have an opportunity to help shape the policies that will impact the
growth of the Town in the future and guide CAMA permit decisions in the community.
Coordination and discussion with other municipalities and County officials on policy matters will be a
part of this process. All socio-economic, ethnic, and cultural viewpoints will be considered through the
plan review and revision process. To the fullest extent possible, persons representing diverse
viewpoints will be identified and specifically notified and asked for their input.
II. Purpose of Citizen Participation Plan
This Citizen Participation Plan (CPP) has been prepared to describe a process by which the public will
be encouraged to participate in the planning process leading to the revision of the Town of Caswell
Beach CAMA Core LUP.. This Citizen Participation Plan has been designed to meet the requirements
for public participation as outlined in 15A NCAC 7L.0506. It is the intent of the process described
herein that the public would have ample opportunity to become a meaningful part of the planning
process. This plan addresses the following objectives.
1. To share information about the CAMA planning process and its requirements;
2. To increase the community's understanding of the impact that land use and
development issues have on quality of life;
3. To provide opportunities for the residents and property owners to participate in the
identification of land use and development policies and to assess the impact of the
policies on the community; and
4. . To provide a forum where all economic, social, ethnic and cultural viewpoints will be
considered throughout the land use process.
Views gathered as a part of this process will be informative and instructional for citizens of the Town
of Caswell Beach, interested parties, and the Town's elected and appointed Boards. Interested citizens
shall have an opportunity to participate in the development of the CAMA Core LUP through oral and
written comments as provided for in the Citizen Participation Plan. Copies of informational CAMA
Core LUP materials shall be provided at all meetings, available at a designated area of Town Hall, on
the Town website, or via an email list serve or upon request by members of the public. The Citizen
Participation Plan shall be available to the public throughout the planning process. The CPP is a
working document, and may be amended on an as needed basis. Im
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2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
III. Designation of Lead Planning Group and Points of Contact
By designation of the Town Council (Mayor and Board of Commissioners), the principle local board
responsible for supervision of the planning process will be the Town of Caswell Beach Planning Board.
The principal points of contact for land use plan preparation shall be Bob Wyatt, Chairman of the
Planning Board; Scott Logel, Planner in Charge; and David Hewett, Town Administrator. The names
and contact information for the Planning Board and Town Council are listed in Attachment A, attached
hereto and made a part of by reference.
The Planning Board is responsible for providing overall leadership and guidance for preparation of the
land use plan. The members of the Planning Board have the following specific duties and
responsibilities:
1. Faithfully attend Planning Board meetings and provide overall direction for development
of the draft land use plan;
2. Serve as a public contact to make it easier for citizens to get information and to make
comments on the plan;
3. Review technical planning materials provided by staff to help ensure that they
accurately represent the current situation and recent trends in Caswell Beach;
4. Assist the Town's planning advisors (Administrator, Public Works, etc.) with
preparation of major plan elements, which includes identifying concerns and key
planning issues, developing community vision, developing goals, and preparing draft
policies and the future land use map;
5. Assist with organization, management, and facilitation of public participation events;
6. Help publicize public participation events in the community and recruit residents and
property owners to attend; and
7. Recommend and present a complete land use plan to the Town Council at the end of the
planning process.
IV. Public Information and Public Input
Planning Board Meetings
The Planning Board meets regularly on the third Wednesday of each month at 5:00 P.M. in the Council
Chambers of Town Hall. Workshops on the Land Use Plan will be held during the regular Planning
Board on the third Wednesday of each month in the Council Chambers of Town Hall. Special meetings
may be called as necessary. In order to comply with the NCGS 143-318.9 to 143-318.18, a schedule of the
Planning Board's meetings is available from the Town Administrative Department. This schedule is
also provided to the Town Clerk for posting and distribution of the required notices. The Planning
Board Chairman will notify Town staff of any changes to the schedule and of any special meetings so
that proper notice may be given.
All Planning Board agendas will allocate time to hear comments on the land use plan from the public.
The Town may keep a record in the minutes of all residents, property owners, and others who speak at
any of the Planning Board meetings or other events and will retain any land use plan comments that it
receives. The names of speakers and written comments will be kept in a file maintained by the planner
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix I: Citizen Participation Plan 135

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
in charge and will be provided to the NC Division of Coastal Management District Planner during draft
plan review. - ,
Attachment B provides a general outline of the meeting schedule and gives a purpose for each meeting.
Initial Public Information Meeting
The initial public information meeting (Community Meeting), which is a required portion of the
CAMA planning process, will be held on November 9, 2006, 5:00p.m. at the Caswell Beach Town Hall
(1100 Caswell Beach Road). The Town will conduct a second public information meeting (Open
House) in the winter of 2006/2007, or at a later date to allow for more public attendance during the
peak season. The Town must give two public notices of the initial public information meeting. The
first notice must appear not less than 30 days before the meeting and the second must appear not less
than 10 days before the meeting. Affidavits of publication will be kept as evidence that this
requirement has been met. In addition to the public notices, the CAMA grant requires the Town to
notify the Coastal Resources Advisory Council area representative(s) and the NC Division of Coastal
Management District Planner of the date, time, and place of the public information meeting.
The planning team (Town staff, Planning Board members and planner in charge) will periodically issue
press releases and make efforts to notify the local media of available information on the Town's land use
planning program.
The purpose of the initial public meeting will be to inform citizens about the purpose of the CAMA
land use plan, to solicit public input in the identification of key growth and development issues facing
the Town, and to solicit public input in the creation of a Town Vision Statement.
V. Participation Methods
The Town will use two methods of public participation in the preparation of the land use plan. The
first method will be to hold a Community Meeting that will allow residents and property owners to
express concerns about land use and development and to set priorities for development of the land use
plan. The second method will be to hold a community Open House where the community can review
and comment on the completed first and second phase (Phase I and II) draft of the land use plan.
Community Meeting
The Planning Board will conduct a facilitated Community Meeting to assist in identifying a broad
range of land use issues, concerns, and opportunities within the community. The Community Meeting
will be held on November 9, 2006. At this meeting, residents and property owners will create a single
list of issues and opportunities about which there is a high level of agreement among those attending.
The Community Meeting will be conducted in two parts. The first part will include a brief
introduction to the CAMA planning process and background planning materials. The second part may
involve small group brain storming sessions, depending on number of citizens in attendance, on land
use planning concerns, issues, and opportunities. After the small group sessions, the entire group will
generate a single list of the most important issues and opportunities within the community. After the
top issues have been identified, the participants of the Community Meeting will review a draft Vision
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix I: Citizen Participation Plan 136

200612007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Statement. The Vision Statement is intended to briefly describe the desired characteristics and growth
patterns the Town wishes to pursue in the near future (5-10 years).
The Planning Board Chairman will chair the meeting. Town staff and the planner in charge will
provide background information and will facilitate the overall group exercise. Planning Board
members may assist as facilitators for the small group exercises.
The Community Meeting will be publicized through the local media, informational flyers, posting on
the Town's web page (if applicable), and through "recruiting" and -word of mouth" by members of the
Planning Board and other interested citizens.
The intended audience for this public participation opportunity may include residents, and
nonresident property owners, business owners and operators, real estate professionals, members of
Town committees and associations and other parties with a stake in the Town's land use plan.
Community Open House
The Town of Caswell Beach will hold a community Open House at the end of both phases (Phase I and
II) of the land use planning process. The Open House will be held in the winter of 2006/2007, or at a
later date to allow for more public attendance during the peak season. The Open House may be held on
a Saturday to allow nonresident property owners a convenient opportunity to attend.
The Open House will provide residents with an easy opportunity to review all the information (tables,
summaries, maps, policies, and implementation activities) prepared during the land use planning
process. By review of the material presented, residents will be able to assess trends, find out about their
community, and to express support or recommend adjustments to policies. At the Open House, the
attendees will be able to interact informally with members of the planning team. A Joint Meeting with
Town Council may be held immediately after the Open House, where Council is presented with a draft
plan (Phase I and Phase II) and may wish to formally comment on the direction and content of the
Plan.
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix I: Citizen Participation Plan 137

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
VI. Citizen Participation Plan Evaluation
The Planning Board will conduct an on going evaluation of the Citizen Participation Plan and will
make amendments to this plan as it becomes necessary. It is expected that Phase II of the LUP will
begin near the beginning of calendar year 2007. A major review of the process and a reevaluation will
be conducted at that time. Any amendments will be reviewed by the Planning Board and recommended
to the Town Council for adoption.
This Citizen Participation Plan is hereby amended and adopted this the day of , 2007 by
the Town of Caswell Beach, North Carolina.
By
Harry Q. Simmons, Jr., Mayor
Town of Caswell Beach
ATTEST:
By By,
Linda C. Bethune, CMC, Town Clerk
James E. Carter, Town Administrator
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix I: Citizen Participation Plan
138

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Attachment A
Caswell Beach Town Council
Members
Harry Q. Simmons, Jr., Mayor
P.O. Box 747
Caswell Beach, NC 28465-9820
910-278-5471(W)
Email: [e-mail]
Deborah G. Ahlers, Mayor Pro-Tem
303 Wisteria Way
Caswell Beach, NC 28465-8025
910-278-6578 (H)
Email: [e-mail]
George F. Kassler
436 Caswell Beach Road
Caswell Beach, NC 28465-8445
910-278-3548 (H)
Email: [e-mail]
Ann Marie Zalewski
904 Caswell Beach Road
Caswell Beach, NC 28465-8433
910-278-5714 (H)
Email: [e-mail]
Francis A. "Frank" Bausch
734 Alyssum Avenue,
Caswell Beach, NC 28465-8426
910-278-5306 (H)
Email: [e-mail]
John L. Rose, Jr.
105 Flowering Bridge Path
Caswell Beach, NC 28465-8413
910-201-4128 (H)
Email: [e-mail]
Term Expires
December 2007
December 2007
December 2009
December 2007
December 2009
Resigned
July 1, 2007
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix I: Citizen Participation Plan
139

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Caswell Beach PlanningBoard
oard
Members
Russell Barlowe
736 Alyssum Ave.
Caswell Beach, NC 28465
910-278-3123 (H)
Email: [e-mail]
Martha "Marti" Hardy
740 Alyssum Avenue
Caswell Beach, NC 28465
910-278-7432 (H)
[e-mail]
James F. Hinkhouse
716 Alyssum Avenue
Caswell Beach, NC 28465
910-278-1695 (H)
Email: [e-mail]
Chairman:
Robert R. Wyatt, Chairman
144 Ocean Greens Lane
Caswell Beach, NC 28465
910-201-4429 (H/F)
Email: [e-mail]
Tom Kitchings
318 Caswell Beach Road
Caswell Beach, NC 28465
910-278-4653 (H)
Email: [e-mail]
(Alternate #1)
Jerry Johnson
301 Wisteria Way
Caswell Beach, NC 28465
910 — 201-1608
[e-mail]
(Alternate #2)
David Weigel
435 Caswell Beach Rd
Caswell Beach, NC 28465
910-278-4483
[e-mail]
Term Expires
March 2008
March 2008
March 2009
March 2008
August 2007
June 2008
July 2009
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007
Appendix I: Citizen Participation Plan
140

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
TOWN OF CASWELL BEACH - CONTACT LIST
(Effective 12/10/09)
Mayor Harry Q. Simmons, Jr.
PO Box 747 (Residence: 13 Fairway Drive)
Caswell Beach, NC 28465
[phone] (C#) /
1-800-967-0816 (FAX)
E-mail: [e-mail]
Commissioner Deborah G. Ahlers (Mayor Pro Tem)
303 Wisteria Way
Caswell Beach, NC 28465
[phone] (H#) & (F#) /
[phone] (C#)
E-mail: [e-mail]
Commissioner Martha (Marti) J. Hardy
740 Alyssum Avenue
Caswell Beach, NC 28465
[phone] (H#)
E-mail: [e-mail]
Comissioner James (Jim) D. Griffin
100 OceanGreens Lane
Caswell Beach, NC 28465
[phone] (H#)
E-mail: [e-mail]
Commissioner George F. Kassler
436 Caswell Beach Road
Caswell Beach, NC 28465
[phone] (H#)
E-mail: gkassler@caswellbeach.M
Commissioner Robert (Butch) L. Shirkey
130 Caswell Beach Road
Caswell Beach, N.C. 28465
[phone] (H#)
E-mail: [e-mail]
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007Appendix I: Citizen Participation Plan Page 140 (part 2)

2006/2007 Town of Caswcll Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
TOWN OF CASWELL BEACH —PLANNING BOARD (Revised Mar., 2010)
Regular Monthly Meeting — 3`d Wed., 5 P.M.
Caswell Beach Town Hall (1100 Caswell Beach Rd)
NAME AND ADDRESS TELEPHONE ORIGINAL CURRENT
TERM BEGAN TERM ENDS
James (Jim) F. Hinkhouse 278-1695 (H) 02/13/97
716 Alyssum Avenue Two Year
Caswell Beach, NC 28465
E-mail: [e-mail]
Jerry A. Johnson
301 Wisteria Way
Caswell Beach, NC 28465
E-mail: [e-mail]
J. Thomas (Tom) Kitchings, III
318 Caswell Beach Road
Caswell Beach, NC 28465
E-mail: [e-mail]
David L. Weigel
435 Caswell Beach Road.
Caswell Beach, NC 28465
E-mail: [e-mail]
Chairman:
Robert (Bob) R. Wyatt
144 Ocean Greens Lane
Caswell Beach, NC 28465
E-mail: [e-mail]
Alternate /#1:
William (Bill) F. Tiernan
8 Fairway Drive
Caswell Beach, NC 28465
E-mail: [e-mail]
Alternate /#2:
John W. Bartholomew
430 Caswell Beach Road
Caswell Beach, NC 28465
E-mail: [e-mail]
201-1608 (H) 06/14/07 Alt.
02/11/10 Reg.
(Filled Seat Vacated by Hardy)
Two Year
278-4653 (H) 08/10/06 Alt.
03/08/07 Reg.
Two Year
278-4483 (H) 07/12/07 Alt.
05/14/09 Reg.
(Filled Seat Vacated by Barlowe)
Two Year
201-4429(H/F)
201-4615 (H)
279-4127(C)
02/10/00
Two Year
05/14/09
One Year
03/2011
03/2012
03/2011
03/2012
03/2012
07/2010
02/11/10 Alt. 07/2010
(Filled Alt. Seat Vacated by Johnson)
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix I: Citizen Participation Plan Page 140 (part 3)

Attachment B
ITEMS COVERED IN MEETING (SUBJECT TO CHANGE)
• Meeting
Items Covered
August 2006 meeting Hold Orientation session with Planning Board.
Presentation of Citizen's Participation Plan (adoption by
Council at April meeting). Discussion of CAMA
regulations, planning process, &z key growth issues &r
planning issues. Begin to create vision statement.
September 2006
No Land Use Plan Meeting Held
October 2006 meeting Discussion of Population, Housing and Economy.
Discussion of Natural Systems Analysis. Discussion of
Land Use &r Development (including existing land use
map)
November 2006 meeting (Community Meeting) Initial public information meeting.
Discussion of existing &z emerging conditions, and Vision
Statement
December 2006 meeting Discussion of Community Facilities.
Environmental Composite Map and Land Suitability
Analysis (LSA).
January 2007
February 2007
March 2007
April 2007
May 2007
June 2007
Phase I completed and current (1997) Land Use Plan
policies reviewed.
Phase II (policy creation) begins.
Policy Topic Discussion: "Land Use Compatibility".
Policy Topic Discussion: "Land Use Compatibility" cont'd
and "Public Access".
Policy Topic Discussion: "Land Use Compatibility" cont'd,
"Public Access" and "Infrastructure".
No meeting held.
Policy Topic Discussion: "Water Quality" and "Natural
Hazard Mitigation". Policy Discussion wrap-up. Begin
Future Land Use Map.
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007
Appendix I: Citizen Participation Plan
141

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
July 2007 Policy Discussion wrap-up and establishment of LUP
implementation activities. Create Future Land Use Map.
August 2007 Finalize Future Land Use Map. Planning Board completes
and recommends final draft of Land Use Plan to Council
for adoption. After Planning Board completes and
recommends final draft, hold advertised Public Open
House to display final draft policies and Future Land Use
Map.
August/September 2007
September/October 2007
September/October/November 2007
Prior to Council adoption of LUP, Town submits final
draft LUP to state agencies, local CRAC members and
adjacent local jurisdictions for comments.
Planning Board meets to revise LUP based on comments
received (IF NECESSARY).
Town holds public hearing and adopts the LUP by formal
resolution. Adopted LUP is submitted to the Coastal
Resources Commission for certification.
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix I: Citizen Participation Plan
142

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Appendix II: County Water System Master Plan - Program of Construction Table
Proaram of Construction
Map
Ref.
No.
Location
Size(in)
or No.
Items
Length
feet
Estimated
Cost
Totals
Reason for Improvement
Phase 1 - Immediate Needs
1-1
Bethel Road Loop pipeline
12
10,000
$475,000
Poor Fire Flow
1-2
Beach Road parallel line in Calabash
12
8,300
$395,000
Poor Fire Flow
1-3
Shallotte Interconnection
16
6,600
$495,000
Poor Fire Flow
1-4
Dutchman's Acre Tie-in
12
100
$5,000
Poor Fire Flow
1-5
River Road/Southport Connection
24
425
$61,000
12-inch bottleneck
1-6
Sandpiper Bay Loop Tie-in
12
1,300
$62,000
Poor Fire Flow
1-7
Caswell Meter/Piping Modifications
$25,000
High head loss through
pipe/meters
Phase 1
-Subtotal
$1.518,000
Phase 2A -Pipeline Improvements Needed By 2016
IIA-1
Northwest Loop Pipeline from Leland Tank to Highway 17
36
45,700
$13,500,000
Low Pressures in 2015
along US 7476, Malmo Loop, Colin -Mintz Rd and Maco
Road INC 87)
IIA-2
Northwest Loop Pipeline to tie-in with 36-inch pipeline
12
31,400
$1.500,000
Low Pressures in 2015
following NC 74176 and Maco Road INC 87)
IIA-3
Parallel 304nch line from NC 17 and NC 87117 Intersection
30
20,000
$4,250,000
Low Pressures in 2015
to Bell Swamp Pumping Station
IIA-4
Hwy 211/17 area to Stone Chimney Line
16
2,500
$188,000
IIA-5
Bell Swamp BPS parallel line to Hwy 211/17 Intersection
30
70,000
$17,875,000
Low Pressures in 2015
following Highway 17 Bypass
IIA-6
Parallel Line from Boiling Spring Lakes Tank to Boiling
24
12,100
$1,750,000
Low Pressures in 2015
Spring Lakes meter vaults
Phase 2A - Subtotal
$39,063,000
Phase 2B - Pumping StationlStorage Improvements Needed By 2016
IIB-1
Additional NW WTP Finished Water Pumps
2
$150,000
Need increased capacity 2015
11B-2
Replace BPS10 pumps with higher capacity and higher
2
head pumps
$150,000
Need increased capacity 2015
IIB-3
Additional Bell Swamp Southwest Booster Pumps
2
$150,000
Need increased capacity 2015
11B4
Replace 2 pumps with higher capacity and higher head
2
pumps at BPS6
$150,000
Need increased capacity 2015
IIB-5
New 1MG Elevated Storage Tank southwest of BPS6
1
$1,750,000
Need increased capacity 2015
Phase 2B -Subtotal
$2,350,000
Phase 3
- WTP Improvements Needed by 2008
III-1
Upgrade Existing Northwest WTP by adding 8 MGD to firm
1
capacity of 24 MGD including conversion to Superpulsators,
additional dewatering building, filters and clearwell storage,
yard piping, electrical, I/C, chemical, and contingency
$20,000,000 Need increased capacity 2015
1
111-2 Upgrade Existing 211 WTP $6,000,000 Regulatory/Upgrades
Phase 3 - Subtotal $26,000,000
Grand Total (2006 US Dollars) $68,931,000
Source: Brunswick County, North Carolina: Water System Master Plan. July 2006. Prepared by Hazen & Sawyer, P.C.
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix II: Program of Construction Table 143

2006/2007 Town o
f Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Appendix III: Policy Impact Analysis Table
The policy impact analysis is intended to identify any potential negative, neutral, or positive impacts to CAMA Management Topic goals
by the implementation of the Town policies. The Town of Caswell Beach drafted their policy statements specifically to remain consistent
with and further the goals of the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA). There were no negative or neutral -negative impacts to CAMA
management Topic goals identified from the policies established in this Land Use Plan. The following list defines the impact designations
that may be used in the analysis:
Negative - Implementation of the policy will more than likely have an immediate or long-range negative impact on the Management
Topic goals. The policy could conflict with the attainment of other goals.
Neutral - Implementation of the policy will more than likely not have any impact on the Management Topic goals. The policy will
probably not effect the attainment of other goals.
Positive - Implementation of the policy will more than likely have an immediate or long-range positive impact on the Management
Topic goals. The policy could foster the attainment of other goals.
Neutral -Negative - Implementation of the policy could range from no impact to an immediate or long- range negative impact on the
Management Topic goals. The policy may not effect the attainment of other goals if carried -out with other polices
or goals in mind, or the policy could conflict with the attainment of other goals if carried -out without mitigation
or management activities.
Neutral -Positive - Implementation of the policy could range from no impact to an immediate or long- range positive impact on the
Management Topic goals. The policy may have no effect on the attainment of other goals or the policy could foster
the attainment of other goals if actions are coordinated or expanded.
For simplification, a cross-referenced table (matrix) was used to list the potential impact of each policy in boxes under each
Management Topic. If a policy has the potential to have a negative impact on a goal or goals of any of the Management Topics, a course
of action or policy must be established to mitigate the negative impacts.
Y FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix III: Policy Impact Analysis Table 144

Management Topics
Land Use Compatibility
Infrastructure
Public Access
Water Quality
Natural Hazards
Reduction in Habitat Loss and
Water, Sewer and Other Key
More PlannedAccess
Land Use and
Land Uses and Development Patterns
Fragmentation Related to Impacts of
Community Facilities and Services
Locations
Development Criteria and
That Reduce Vulnerability to Natural
Land Use and Development
Being Available in Required Locations
Measures That Abate
Hazards
at Adequate Capacities to Support
Upgrades to Existing Access
Impacts That Degrade
Reduction of Water Resource and
Planned Community Growth and
Locations
WaterQuality
Land Uses and Development Patterns
Water Quality Degradation
Development Patterns
That Take Into Account the Existing and
Planned Capacity of Evacuation
Infrastructure
LUP Policies:: Land
'
Use Compatibility
Policy 1
Positive
Neutral
Neutral -Positive
Positive
Positive
Areas of Environmental
Concern in General
Policy 2
Positive
Neutral -Positive
Neutral -Positive
Positive
Positive
Development of Sound
and Estuarine Islands
Policy 3
Positive
Neutral
Neutral -Positive
Positive
Positive
Ocean Hazard Areas
Policy 4
Positive
Neutral
Neutral -Positive
Positive
Neutral -Positive
Estuarine Waters and
Public Trust Areas
Policy 5
Positive
Neutral
Neutral -Positive
Positive
Positive
Coastal Wetlands
Policy 6
Positive
Neutral
Neutral -Positive
Positive
Positive
Estuarine Shorelines
Policy 7
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral -Positive
Neutral
Bulkhead Construction
Policy 8
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral -Positive
Positive
Soils
Policy 9
Positive
Positive
Neutral -Positive
Positive
Neutral -Positive
Protection of Identified
"Class III" and "Least
Suitable" Areas
Policy 10
Positive
Positive
Neutral
Positive
Neutral -Positive
Residential, Commercial
and Industrial
Development Impacts
on Resources
Policy 11
Positive
Positive
Neutral
Positive
Positive
Density of New
Development and
Redevelopment
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix III: Policy Impact Analysis Table
145

200612007Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land UsePlan
Management Topics
Land Use Compatibility
Infrastructure
Public Access
Water Quality
Natural Hazards
Reduction in Habitat Loss and
Water, Sewer andOtherKey
More Planned Access
_Land Use and
Land Uses and Development Patterns
Fragmentation Related to
Community Facilities and Services
Locations
Development Criteria and
That Reduce Vulnerability to Natural
Impacts of Land Use and
Being Available in Required Locations
Measures That Abate
Hazards.
Development
at Adequate Capacities to Support
Upgrades to Existing Access
Impacts That Degrade
Land Uses and Development Patterns
Planned Community Growth and
Locations
Water Quality
That Take Into Account the Existing and
Reduction of Water Resource and
Development Patterns
Planned Capacity of Evacuation
Water Quality Degradation
Infrastructure
LUP Policies: Land Use
Compatibility
Policy 12
Positive
Positive
Neutral
Positive
Positive
Commercial and Industrial
Development
Policy 13
Positive
Neutral -Positive
Neutral
Positive
Positive
Preservation of Existing 18-
Hole Golf Course
Policy 14
Positive
Positive
Neutral
Positive
Neutral -Positive
Redevelopment of
Developed Areas
Policy 15
Neutral -Positive
Positive
Neutral
Positive
Neutral -Positive
Annexation and Planning
Authority Extension
Policy 16
Positive
Positive
Neutral
Positive
Positive
Industrial Impacts on
Fragile Areas
Policy 17
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Neutral
Energy Facility Siting and
Development
Policy 18
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Neutral
Manmade Hazards
Policy 19
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Building Height of New
Development and
Redevelopment
Policy 20
Positive
Positive
Neutral
Positive
Neutral -Positive
Maximum Number of
Bedrooms
Policy 21
Neutral -Positive
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral -Positive
Regulation of Private
"Clubhouse" Structures
Policy 22
Neutral -Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Noise and Light Nuisance
Policy 23 Land Use and
Positive
Neutral -Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral -Positive
Development Decisions
Consistent with Strategic
Plan and Land Use Plan
Y FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix III: Policy Impact Analysis Table
146

Management Topics
Land Use Compatibility
Infrastructure
Public Access
Water Quality
Natural Hazards
Reduction in Habitat Loss and
Water, Sewer and Other Key
More PlannedAccess Locations
Land Use and
Land Uses and Development Patterns
Fragmentation Related to impacts of
Community Facilities and
Development Criteria and
That Reduce Vulnerability to Natural
Land Use and Development
Services Being Available in
Upgrades to Existing Access
Measures That Abate
Hazards
Required Locations at Adequate
Locations
Impacts That Degrade
Reduction of Water Resource and
Capacities to Support Planned
Water Quality
Land Uses and Development Patterns
Water duality Degradation
Community Growth and
That Take Into Account the Existing and
Development Patterns
Planned Capacity of Evacuation
Infrastructure
LUP Policies:
Infrastructure
Policy 24
Positive
Positive
Neutral
Positive
Neutral
Sewer System
Policy 25
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Neutral
Septic
Decommissioning
Policy 26
Positive
Positive
Neutral
Positive
Neutral -Positive
Stormwater
Management Systems
Policy 27
Neutral -Positive
Positive
Neutral
Positive
Neutral -Positive
Groundwater/
Protection of Potable
Water Supplies
Policy 28
Neutral
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Water Supply
Policy 29
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Solid Waste
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix III: Policy Impact Analysis Table
14/

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Management Topics
Land Use Compatibility
Infrastructure
Public Access
Water Quality
Natural Hazards
Reduction in Habitat Loss and
Water, Sewer and Other Key
More Planned Access Locations
Land Use and
Land Uses and Development Patterns
Fragmentation Related to Impacts of
Community Facilities and
Development Criteria and
That Reduce Vulnerability to Natural
Land Use and Development
Services Being Available in
Upgrades to Existing Access
Measures That Abate
Hazards
Required Locations at Adequate
Locations
Impacts That Degrade
Reduction of Water Resource and
Capacities to Support Planned
Water Quality
Land Uses and Development Patterns
Water Quality Degradation
Community Growth and
That Take Into Account the Existing and
Development Patterns
Planned Capacity of Evacuation
In rastructure
LUP Policies:
Public' Access '
Policy 30
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Public Access and
Recreation Resources
Policy 31
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Neutral
Neutral -Positive
Use of Marine
Resource Areas
Policy 32
Positive
Neutral
Positive
Positive
Neutral -Positive
Marina and Floating
Home Development
Policy 33
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Positive
Neutral -Positive
Mooring Fields
Policy 34
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Neutral
Neutral -Positive
Assistance in Channel
Maintenance
Policy 35
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Assistance in
Interstate Waterways
Policy 36
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Public Access
Facilities and Parkin
Y FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix III],�jkcy Impact Analysis Table
148

Management Topics
Land Use Compatibility
Infrastructure
Public Access
Water Quality
Natural Hazards
Reduction in Habitat Loss and
Water, Sewer and Other Key
More Planned Access Locations
Land Use and
Land Uses and Development Patterns
Fragmentation Related to Impacts of
Community Facilities and
Development Criteria and
That Reduce Vulnerability to Natural
Land Use and Development
Services Being Available in
Upgrades to ExistingAccess
Measures That Abate
Hazards
Required Locations at Adequate
Locations
Impacts That Degrade
Reduction of Water Resource and
Capacities to Support Planned
WaterQuality
Land Uses and Development Patterns
Water Quality Degradation
Community Growth and
That Take Into Account the Existing and
Development Patterns
Planned Capacity of Evacuation
Infrastructure
LUP Policies:
Surface Water'
Quality
Policy 37
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Neutral
Water Quality
Management
Policy 38
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Positive
Local Watershed
Planning
Policy 39
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Neutral
Support for Total
Maximum Daily Load
MDL Standards
Policy 40
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Neutral -Positive
Low Impact
Development LID
Policy 41
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Neutral -Positive
Use of
Permeable/Pervious
Materials and Total
Lot Coverage
Standards
Policy 42
Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Neutral -Positive
Preservation of 404
Wetlands (non -
coastal wetlands
Policy 43
Positive
Neutral -Positive
Positive
Positive
Positive
Comprehensive
Stormwater Program
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix III: Policy Impact Analysis Table
149

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Management Topics
land Use Compatibility
Infrastructure
Public Access
Water Quality
Natural Hazards
Reduction in Habitat Loss and
Water, Sewer and Other Key
More Planned Access Locations
Land Use and
Land Uses and Development Patterns
Fragmentation Related to Impacts of
Community Facilities and
Development Criteria and
That Reduce Vulnerability to Natural
Land Use and Development
Services Being Available in
Upgrades to Existing Access
Measures That Abate
Hazards
Required Locations at Adequate
Locations
Impacts That Degrade
Reduction of Water Resource and
Capacities to Support Planned
WaterQuality
Land Uses and Development Patterns
Water Quality Degradation
Community Growth and
That Take Into Account the Existing and
Development Patterns
Planned Capacity of Evacuation
In rastructure
LUP Policies:
Natural Hazards
Mid ation :.
Policy 44
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Consistency with the
Town's Hazard
Mitigation Plan
Policy 45
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Emergency
Preparedness
Policy 46
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Evacuation Plans
Policy 47
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Enforcing Building
Codes to Resist Wind
Damage
Policy 48
Neutral -Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral -Positive
Positive
Flood Hazard Areas
Policy 49
Neutral -Positive
Neutral
Neutral
Neutral -Positive
Neutral -Positive
Redevelopment in
Flood Hazard Areas
After a Storm
Policy 50
Positive
Neutral
Positive
Neutral -Positive
Positive
Beach and Shoreline
Erosion
Policy 51
Neutral -Positive
Neutral
Positive
Positive
Positive
Acquisition of
Property in
Hazardous Areas
FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix III: Policy Impact Analysis Table
150

Appendix IV: Existing Development Program in Implementing the Policies and Goals of the Land Use Plan (As Referenced in Section 10.4)
Existing Management
Program
Land Use Compatibility
Infrastructure
Public Access
Water Quality
Natural Hazards
Reduction in Habitat Loss and
Water, Sewer and Other Key
More Planned Access
Land Use and Development
Land Uses and Development
Fragmentation Related to Impacts of
Community Facilities and
Locations
Criteria and Measures That
Patterns That Reduce
Land Use and Development
Services Being Available in
Abate Impacts That Degrade
Vulnerability to Natural Hazards
Required Locations at Adequate
Upgrades to Existing
Water Quality
Reduction of Water Resource and
Capacities to Support Planned
Access Locations
Land Uses and Development
Water Quality Degradation
Community Growth and
Patterns That Take Into Account
Development Patterns
the Existing and Planned Capacity
of Evacuation Infrastructure
Ordinances/Regulations
Zoning Ordinance
Management of density and
Density and intensity
Density and intensity
Management of density and
Zoning in coordination with the
intensity standards in traditional
standards provide greater
standards prohibit
intensity standards in
Flood Prevention Ordinance
residential areas provide less
anticipation of capacity needs
"walling -off" public trust
traditional residential areas
require structural elevations or
impact on habitat. Zoning
and ensures infrastructure
areas with mega
provide less impact on habitat.
flood -proofing and other
environmentally sensitive land as
improvements can better keep
structures.
Zoning environmentally
development standards in
"Conservation" also aids in
up with growth.
sensitive land as Conservation
floodways. Density and intensity
protecting habitat and protecting
also aids in protecting habitat
standards minimize the size of
water quality.
and protecting water quality.
structures and population
exposed to erosion, storm surge
and flooding.
Subdivision Ordinance
Same as above. Planned
Same as above. Developer
Subdivisions may have
Same as above. Planned
Same as above (base zoning and
Development (PD) projects can be
pays for additional
conditions that new
Development (PD) projects can
flood ordinance will apply).
clustered/designed to avoid
infrastructure needed to serve
public access be provided
be clustered/designed to avoid
Planned Development (PD)
sensitive areas while still reaching
subdivision.
in proportion to the
sensitive areas while still
projects can be
the allowable development density.
density of the subdivision.
reaching the allowable
clustered/designed to avoid flood
development density. Any
prone areas while still reaching
future subdivisions would
the allowable development
likely be subject to stricter.
density.
regulations regarding
sedimentation and erosion
control, and stormwater
management which are
intended to protect/restore
shellfish waters.
Flood Damage Prevention
Prohibits substantially altering
N/A
Properties that may be
Prohibits substantially altering
Zoning in coordination with the
Ordinance
natural drainage and floodways.
unbuildable or
natural drainage and
Flood Prevention Ordinance
repetitively damaged may
floodways, and limits the
require structural elevations or
be identified for
placing of structures/materials
flood -proofing and other
acquisition by the Town
in floodways which could add
development standards in
for use as public access,
pollutants to surface water if
floodways. Density and intensity
parking or other related
flooded.
standards minimize the size of
use.
structures and population
exposed to erosion, storm surge
and flooding.
CAMA Local Permitting
N/A as of 2007.
N/A as of 2007.
N/A as of 2007.
N/A as of 2007.
N/A as of 2007.
Officer Authc
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix IV: Existing Management Program in Implementing the Land Use Plan 151

Reduction in Habitat Loss and
Water, Sewer and
More Planned Access Locations
Land Use and Development Criteria and
Land Uses and
200612007 Town ofCaswell BeachCAMA
ation Related to Impacts
Other Key
Measures That Abate Impacts That
Development Patterns
of Land Use and Development
Community
Upgrades to Existing Access
Degrade Water Quality
That Reduce
Facilities Being
Locations
Vulnerability to
Reduction of Water Resource and
Available in
Natural Hazards
Water Quality Degradation
Required Locations
and Take Into Account
at Adequate
the Existing and
Capacities to
Planned Capacity of
Support Planned
Evacuation
Growth and
Infrastructure
Development
Ordinances/Regulations Cont'd
Building Code (State Building
Regulates the placement and
N/A
N/A
Regulates the removal of
In conjunction with
Code)
intensity of exterior lighting to
trees/vegetation during development to
Flood Ordnance,
• Exterior Lighting
minimize negative impacts on
minimize impacts to wildlife habitat
requires structures to
Restrictions
adjacent properties and
and Town aesthetics, and to lessen
be built to the state
• Visual Barrier
environmentally sensitive habitat.
erosion and sedimentation of soil
minimum standards
Restrictions
Regulates and manages the
associated with stormwater runoff.
regarding wind and
• Landscape/Tree Removal
Placement of structures and
flood resistance.
Includes provisions to
Restrictions
accessory structures so as to
preserve scenic views. Regulates
condemn and remove
• Filling, Grading and
the removal of trees/vegetation
abandoned or
Excavating
during development to minimize
dangerous structures
• Abandoned
impacts to wildlife habitat, Town
which may cause
Structures/Demolition
aesthetics, and to lessen erosion
damage to adjacent
and sedimentation of soil
properties during
associated with stormwater
storm events.
runoff.
Water Use Ordinance
Zoning and other development
Regulates and
N/A
N/A
N/A
ordinances, in conjunction with
manages the uses
the water use ordinance, limit the
and standards for
locations where water
utilizing the
infrastructure can be installed and
Town's water
provided.
distribution
system.
Stormwater Regulations
Seeks to provide for the proper
N/A
N/A
Seeks to provide for the C:\Documents
Requiring
management of stormwater on -site
and
development to
• Stormwater
or through a stormwater system
Settings\Administrator\Desktop\CAMA
increase its control of
Management
that can retain/detain, treat and
LAND USE PLANS MOST UP TO
stormwater volume
• Illicit Discharge
discharge/recharge in a controlled
DATE DOCUMENTS\CASWELL
and velocity of
manner to avoid flooding and
BEACH FINAL LUP
discharge can
water quality degradation.
DOCUMENTS 9 12_07\LUP After
minimize flooding and
August 15_2007\Caswell Beach
erosion risks during
LUP PRE FINAL DRAFT_w markups
storm events.
from 8 15 07.edits from council 9-14-
07.docsproper mgt. of stormwater on -
site or through a stormwater system
that can retain/detain, treat and
discharge /recharge in a controlled
manner to avoid flooding and water
quality degradation.
Beaches and Waterways
Seeks to provide for the proper
management of environmentally
N/A
Seeks to provide for the proper
management of environmentally
NIA
Protection of the dune
system provides better
Regulations
sensitive and public trust areas so
sensitive and public trust areas
protection from
• Dune Protection
as to avoid user conflicts and
so as to avoid user conflicts and
erosion and storm
disturbance of critical habitat.
disturbance of critical habitat.
surge.
IMI I FT
S OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix
IV: Existing Ma
$tttandt datpg= lhdf*e=tatnt
g the Land Use Plan
152
viability of the dune system and
I 'I by protecting stabilizing I

Existing Management Program
Land Use Compatibility
Infrastructure
Public Access
Water Quality
Natural Hazards
Reduction in Habitat Loss and
Water, Sewer and Other Key
More Planned Access Locations
Land Use and Development
Land Uses and Development
Fragmentation Related to Impacts of
Community Facilities and
Criteria and Measures That
Patterns That Reduce
Land Use and Development
Services Being Available in
Upgrades to ExistingAccess Locations
Abate Impacts That Degrade
Vulnerability to Natural
-
Required Locations at
Water Quality
Hazards
Reduction of Water Resource and
Adequate Capacities to
WaterQualityDegradation
Support Planned Community
Land Uses and Development
Growth and Development
Patterns That Take Into
Patterns
Account the Existing and
Planned Capacity of
Evacuation Infrastructure
Ordinances/Regulations ConVd
Parking Regulations
Seeks to ensure that intense land
Seeks to manage traffic
Will seek to provide standards for
N/A
N/A
uses that require large amounts
flow impacts to the road
parking needs associated with
of parking are located away from
systems by regulating
public accessibility to public trust
less intense and residential areas.
the location and
areas (beach strand and/or
quantity of parking.
estuarine waters).
Nuisance Ordinance
Seeks to minimize impacts from
N/A
N/A
Seeks to minimize
Seeks to minimize
• Noise and Weeds, Grass
incompatible land uses or
nuisances on adjacent properties.
avoidable contamination
of surface water from
avoidable damage to
adjacent property from
and Refuse
illicit discharge or
the improper storage of
improper storage of
refuse and waste.
refuse and waste.
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix IV: Existing Management Program in Implementing the Land Use Plan 153

Existing Management Program
Land Use Compatibility
Infrastructure
Public Access
Water Quality
Natural Hazards
Reduction in Habitat Loss and
Water, Sewer and Other Key
More Planned Access Locations
Land Use and Development
Land Uses and Development
Fragmentation Related to Impacts of
Community Facilities and
Criteria and Measures That
Patterns That Reduce
Land Use and Development
Services Being Available in
Upgrades to ExistingAccess Locations
Abate Impacts That Degrade
Vulnerability to Natural
Required Locations at
Water Quality
Hazards
Reduction of Water Resource and
Adequate Capacities to
Water Quality Degradation
Support Planned Community
Land Uses and Development
Growth and Development
Patterns That Take Into
Patterns
Account the Existing and
Planned Capacity of
Evacuation Infrastructure
Official Plans Cont'd
Hazard Mitigation Plan
In conjunction with the Land
Provides
N/A
References Land Use
Policies identify the need
Use Plan, Strategic Plan and
recommendations on the
Plan, Stormwater Plan
for addressing increased
other related plans, identifies the
placement and design of
and other related plans
development impacts on
need to protect and avoid
Town infrastructure and
which are intended to
evacuation and other
development in environmentally
buildings that will
provide guidance for
safety -related issues (i.e.
sensitive and hazardous areas
lessen their vulnerability
development which seek
traffic and bridge).
such as wetlands and flood
to hazards.
to minimize damage to
zones.
environmentally
sensitive areas and
surface water.
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix IV: Existing Management Program in Implementing the Land Use Plan 155

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Appendix V: Discussion of Recommended Zoning Ordinance/Map Amendments (As Referenced in Section 10.5 and Table 28)
Recommended Action 1:
1., Text Amendment/Re-zone `Business" Zone to match current "R-20 MF' Zone standards.
Background Discussion on Recommended Action
This action is recommended to make the Zoning Ordinance and Map consistent with policy 12 which opposes any new
commercial development in the planning jurisdiction due to concerns over traffic congestion, parking, aesthetics,
incompatibility with residential character of the Town, increased stormwater, and lighting and noise nuisances. The
"Business" Zone in the Zoning Ordinance currently allows by right several commercial -type activities that the Town feels are
incompatible with its desired community character and growth pattern. It is recommended that the "Business" Zone be re-
zoned to "R-20 MF", which is consistent with the existing residential development in the "Business" Zone, the predominant
community character, and the desired future development and/or redevelopment pattern.
Recommended Action 2:
2. Text Amendment to apply 5153.029 minimum lot size/density standards for multi -family developments to the base "R-20 MF"
Zone.
Background Discussion on Recommended Action
This action is recommended to make the Zoning Ordinance consistent with the Future Land Use Classification Map (FLI.ICM),
Future Land Use Classification Area Development Standards Table (Table 26), and policy 11 which seek to retain the existing ratio of
housing structure types, as well as to manage the overall density of future multifamily development and/or redevelopment.
The "R-20 MF" Zone in the Zoning Ordinance is currently lacking in providing detailed minimum lot sizes and additional lot
area standards for multi -family dwellings. The recommended action calls for a text amendment to the "R-20 MF" Zone to
apply the standards of § 153.029, which detail density and other dimensional standards for multi -family projects in areas that
are part of a request to re -zone a non- "R-20 MF" area to "R-20 MF". In other words, the detailed multi -family development
standards currently only apply within areas being re -zoned to "R-20 MF", and do not necessarily actually apply within the
traditional "R-20 MF" and any future redevelopments which might take place there within.
FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix V: Discussion of Recommended Zoning Ordinance/Map Amendments 156

Recommended Action 3:
3. Text Amendment to revise and clarify the definition of "Building Height" in § 153.002 and § 153.084.
Background Discussion on Recommended Action
This action is recommended to make the Zoning Ordinance consistent with the Future Land Use Classification Map (FLLICM),
Future Land Use Classification Area Development Standards Table (Table 26), and policy 19. Required updates to the Flood Damage
Prevention Ordinance and Regulatory Flood Protection Elevation have necessitated a revision of the Towns building height
standards.
Recommended Action 4:
4. Text Amendment to clarify definition of a "Story" as found in § 153.002.
Background Discussion on Recommended Action
This action is recommended to make the Zoning Ordinance consistent with the Future Land Use Classification Map (FLLICM),
Future Land Use Classification Area Development Standards Table (Table 26), and policy 19. Required updates to the Flood Damage
Prevention Ordinance and Regulatory Flood Protection Elevation have necessitated a revision of the Town's building height
standards. It is recommended the definition of "story" be clarified so that it refers to a maximum of 2 habitable stories be
allowed in the designated zones.
Recommended Action 5:
5. Text Amendment to eliminate the "3 stories" allowance in § 153.084 for zoning districts that are required to elevate the first
floor above the regulatory flood protection height.
Background Discussion on Recommended Action
This action is recommended to make the Zoning Ordinance consistent with the Future Land Use Classification Map (FLLICM),
Future Land Use Classification Area Development Standards Table (Table 26), and policy 19. Required updates to the Flood Damage
Prevention Ordinance and Regulatory Flood Protection Elevation have necessitated a revision of the Town's building height
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix V: Discussion of Recommended Zoning Ordinance/Map Amendments 157

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
standards. It is recommended 4153.084 of the Zoning Ordinance be amended so that it refers to a maximum of 2 habitable
stories be allowed in the designated zones.
Recommended Action 6:
6. Text Amendment of 4153.033 to identify "bulkheads" as a prohibited use/activity in the "Conservation" Zone.
Background Discussion on Recommended Action
This action is recommended to make the Zoning Ordinance consistent with the Future Land Use Classification Map (FLLICM),
Future Land Use Classification Area Development Standards Table (Table 26), and policies 7 and 10. It is recommended 4153.033 to
identify "bulkheads" as a prohibited use/activity in the "Conservation" Zone.
Y FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 Appendix V: DiscussionRecommended Zoning Ordinance/Map Amendments ` 158

2006/2007 Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
Map Appendix
Map 1: Areas of Environmental Concern Map
Map 2: Water Quality Map
Map 3: Soils with Septic Systems Limitations Map
Map 4: Special Flood Hazard Areas Map
Map 5: Storm Surge Inundation Map
Map 6: North Carolina CREWS Wetland Areas Map
Map 7: Fish Nursery and Natural Heritage Areas Map
Map 8: Environmental Composite Map
Map 9: Existing Land Use Map
Map 10: Land Suitability Analysis Map
Map 11: Community Facilities Map
Map 12: Future Land Use Classification Map
Map 13: Shellfish Growing Areas Map
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007
159

2006i2007Town of Caswell Beach CAMA Land Use Plan
End of Document
PRELIMINARY FINAL DRAFT AS OF JULY 30, 2007 End of Document 160

fry' IEzzabeth River Dutchman Creek Shellfish Area Town of
Caswell Beach
i Denis Creek i• Elizabeth River Shetlfishing Area
< Denis Creek
} 1 f - ••�• ' Elizabeth RiverShellfishingArea 2006 CAMA
133 • , O
����• * Piney point Creek Land Use Plan
BRUNSWICK ILMINGTON r•
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® Western End of Town ® ®Eastern End of Town 5.5 Feet
j Caswell Beach j _ t{ 60 Foot Setback
l
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165 Foot Setback
Atlantic Ocean ,"'� ` Denis •
! Inlet Hazard Area
CAPE FEAR P,IVER
ri�r;r77'//
t '� j/A/The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
A / North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through fundsprovided by the
Ai `�,/,//',/i/- Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
See Section 4: Natural Systems .` tc.: ►�� /!!//;�% as amended, which is administered
Analysis for Description of ! = 1 r ; .�� k�•_y ! ii/
t , L ■,S/„i, by the office of Ocean and Coastal
Features displayed on the Map. Resources Management, National
o j �, tt %< - Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Map is to be used for general / '
informational purposes only.
Spatial data used to generate this m 1/ �' f ff � ! %/ f I !,�
map was gathered from disparate �� / ' ' ,j / " _ °�i� �■ ,ty
sources and represent a condition
at a fixed period in time.
100% accuracy of spatial data to { /�
current circumstances cannot be kFIRE E % t Nf
guaranteed. +
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Scott Logel
Cape Fear Council of Governments 0 1,250 2,500 5,000 7,500 10.000
1480 Harbour Drive Feet
wilmin ton, NC 28401 0 o.z5 o.s 1 1.s z 1 inch equals 1,250 feet MAP
N
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See Section 4: Natural Systems
Analysis for Description of
Features displayed on the Map.
Map is to be used for general
informational purposes only.
Spatial data used to generate this
map was gathered from disparate
sources and represent a condition
at a fixed period in time.
100% accuracy of spatial data to
current circumstances cannot be
guaranteed.
c
cAIT. tears
COCNCII. (%' GOVFSc bff,T5
Map prepared by:
Scott Logel
Cape Fear Council of Governments
1480 Harbour Drive
Wilmington, NC 28401
Restricted Area
133 1
1 ■
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1
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Feet
0 0.35 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8
Miles
TA000
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Town of
Caswell Beach
2006 CAMA
Land Use Plan
Water Quality Map
Legend
Primary Road
Roads
i_._ Municipal Limits
Closed Shellfish Areas
Watershed Draining to
SA Waters
Estuarine Water
SA HQW
KM SC
SC HQW
1 inch equals 1,417 feet
1 inch equals 0.27 miles
The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through fundsprovided by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
as amended, which is administered
by the office of Ocean and Coastal
Resources Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
AOMr_
DRAFT
Map Created
10/12/06
E
MAP
2

I-MINGTON
eRUnSV,�: I:
SHALLOTTE l/ `87
What is a Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA)?
In accordance with the National Flood
nsurance Program (NFIP), FEMA has
undertaken flood hazard identification and
mapping to produce Flood Hazard Boundary
Maps, Flood Insurance Rate Maps, and Flood
Boundary and Floodway Maps. Several areas
of flood hazards are commonly identified on
these maps. One of these areas is the Special
Flood Hazard Area (SFHA), which is defined
as an area of land that would be inundated by
a flood having a 1 % chance of occurring in any
given year (previously referred to as the base
flood or 100-year flood). The standard
constitutes a reasonable compromise
between the need for building restrictions to
minimize potential loss of life and property
and the economic benefits to be derived from
floodplain development. Development may
take place within the SFHA, provided that
development complies with local floodplain
management ordinances, which must meet
the minimum Federal requirements. Flood
insurance is required for insurable structures
within the SFHA to protect federally funded or
federally backed investments and assistance
used for acquisition and/or construction
purposes within communities participating in
the NFIR
Source: www.fema.gov/fhm/fq_term.shtm
:A17y'1F t':,/ a �11;���r+r �s►'�"Tr .�Ir-T I�w�'., p MQ i �► _ _ - _ — faYF7SW[wr7K.
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. a �- a __ _ .s n . _ .
Western End of Town Eastern End of Town I,/
•
Map is to be used for general
informational purposes only.
Spatial data used to generate this
map was gathered from disparate
sources and represent a condition
at a fixed period in time.
100% accuracy of spatial data to
current circumstances cannot be
�•s
guaranteed.
++p
j
1iA
CAYr: F'FAR
COIA.CE — CAGER.YA�.t`'Tb
Map prepared by:
Scott Loge[
Cape Fear Council of Governments
1480 Harbour Drive
Wilmington, NC 28401
19
1 7
------------ — 19
.. awl
,1
18
Town of
Caswell Beach
2006 CAMA
Land Use Plan
Special Flood Hazard
Area Map
Legend
= Primary Road
Roads
Municipal Limits
Special Flood Hazard Area
Zone
® AE
VE
Base Flood Elevations
are Labeled on Map in RED
1 inch equals 1,000 feet
1 inch equals 0.19 miles
The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through fundsprovided by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
as amended, which is administered
by the office of Ocean and Coastal
Resources Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
DRAFT
0 1,250 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000
Feet
0 0.F- 0i 1 1.5 IMiles Non Map
8/12/06eated
MAP
dr

BRUNSWICK-Y 'IJVILMINGTON
COUNTY
74
17
133
17 87
cF.A;1C:T
904
130
�,.
179
S
SOUTHPO RT
'_OAKISLF.;N C�1 6_J�J
i (904
CASWELLBEACH
C `til
BALD HEAD
Hurricane Storm Surge Innundation Area (Fast
Moving Storm) The National Hurricane Center,
in cooperation with the North Carolina Center
for Geographic Information and Analysis,
developed the GIS data set, Hurricane Storm
Surge Inundation Areas (1993), to reevaluate the
extent of the areas affected by hurricane
Inundation along the North Carolina coast.
The data depicts the extent of hurricane storm
surge inundation areas based on SLOSH (Sea,
Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes)
models, for the North Carolina coast The FAST
model depicts hurricanes with forward velocities
greater than 15mph. Stone surge is waterthat is
pushed toward the shore by the force of the
winds swirling around the storm. This advancing
surge combines with the normal tides to create
the hurricane storm tide, which can increase the
mean water level 15 feel or more. In addition,
wind driven waves are superimposed on the
storm tide. This rise in water level can cause
severe flooding in coastal areas, particularly
when the storm tide coincides with the normal
high tides. The storm surge inundation area data
used for the planning jurisdiction is based on the
SLOSH Model developed by NOAA's National
Weather Service.
Map is to be used for general
informational purposes only.
Spatial data used to generate this
map was gathered from disparate
sources and represent a condition
at a fixed period in time.
100% accuracy of spatial data to
current circumstances cannot be
guaranteed.
(:tll'r Pr: SN
Coui;Ctt OF GOnEKNAlr:NTS
O
a
1:12,000
r+
gLnCN 2 EBBLE c
N
AL
�g D E
�►.s;�
= O
GREENVIEW-
d,
MW
to , OCEPI ➢�N , ��.`� I OGE
li"in.4i
.+3 1Y1
," . e . • 1 — . — . — . — . _ .
.�.�.d �.� �.-...........` CASWELL BEACH f .of -1777;ate, fr•,
-------------------------------------------------------
Western End of Town A V Eastern End of Town
A4 .
Town of
Caswell Beach
2006 CAMA
Land Use Plan
Storm Surge
Inundation Map
Legend
_ Primary Road
Roads
Municipal Limits
Storm Surge
Hurricane
Category 1 & 2
Category 3
Category 4 & 5
1 inch equals 1,000 feet
1 inch equals 0.19 miles
The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through fundsprovided by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
as amended, which is administered
by the office of Ocean and Coastal
Resources Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
DRAFT
Map prepared by:
Scott Loge[
Cape Fear Council of Governments o 1,25o z,5oo 5,000 7,500 1U,1111 Feet
1480 Harbour Drive MAP
Wilmington, NC 28401 0 0.25 0.5 1 1.5 2 Map Created
Miles NOR 9/12/06 5

BRU 5WICK ILMINGTON �' t
COUNTY 17 i
74
- 74 i= N�� c,`"`
,7
.' •m.;�Uwm�
' 87
17 133
130
� SOUTH NL�BEACH L9C PpO RT C•�-m�— "`�
179 OAK�ISLAN/-(�f g . D
--1
eoa - m♦♦
CASV'E
BALD HEAD
Southport
-, --- `��AIWW�a' 1:112,000_
133 }
1 �
° Caswell Beach j
Oak Island °
Atlantic Ocean
Map is to be used for general
informational purposes only.
Spatial data used to generate this
map was gathered from disparate
sources and represent a condition
at a fixed period in time.
100% accuracy of spatial data to
current circumstances cannot be
guaranteed.
Map prepared by:
Scott Logel
Cape Fear Council of Governments
1480 Harbour Drive
Wilmington, INC 28401
11 4ij® .,�� II ♦ �� •, 1`rL, ,.-•,�_ ,➢_cam ♦ ri
AN
fill�1
nR•. r ar
G�t fill
`t�g III a �► o ``
�c
'R�
G;
NOW
am
----- L=--=� wW -►1 -w,,��..,y_�.CASWEL•L-B
Western End of Town A V Eastern End of Town
CASWEILL:BEACH-RD �t�C��lI�CYk':1
..w t: a..ss :.;i.��'7.Lt.se:d�fll�ra.�v.,��ii►1�'!"�
°
;m
----� --
°
Town of
Caswell Beach
l
2006 CAMA
Land Use Plan
North Carolina Coastal
Resources Evaluation
of Wetland Systems
NC -CREWS Map
LJ Legend
— Primary Road
Roads
�._ Municipal Limits
CREWS Wetland Areas
Wetland Type
Estuarine Shrub Scrub
Depressional Swamp Forest
Managed Pineland
Non -coastal wetlands/propable 404 wetlands
(NC -CREWS) - Section 404 of the Federal
the Clean Water defines wetlands as areas that
are inundated or saturated by surface water or
ground water at a frequency and duration
sufficient to support, and that under normal
circumstances do support, a prevalence of
vegetation adapted to life in saturated soil
conditions. The North Carolina Coastal
Region Evaluation of Wetland Significance.
or NC -CREWS, is a watershed -based
wetlands functional assessment model
that assess the level of water quality, wildlife
/F f` habitat, and hydrologic functions of individual
• A wetlands.
1 7 rr NC_ CREWS produces 3 possible
overall wetland rating scores: Exceptional
Significance, Substantial Significance, or
Beneficial Significance. NC -CREWS also
a. evaluates the potential risk to watershed
integrity if identified wetlands were "lost".
�+ iU Source:http://dcm2.enr.state.nc.us/
�l • i «`, Wetlands/nccrews.htm
The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
t North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through fundsprovided by the
Cam. f Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
as amended, which is administered
E` by the office of Ocean and Coastal
Resources Management, National
>r -' Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
r. •
t r
J f
1
• •r 1,
DRAFT
0 1,250 2,500 5.000 7,500 10,000 _
Feet MAP
0 0.25 0.5 1 1.5 2 Map Created
Miles 8/12/06 6

r� -�� •'� • LOWER CAPE FEAR RIVER AQUATIC HABITAT- Town of
I
�' ♦.-•'' �� Caswell Beach
< r k�1•t 133 �a � � i
1 \ t r/"! •
2006 CAMA
BRUNSWICK ILMINGTON 4'- 0�4,�""+ Cy�,1 ��r SL?y 4 t iFOR7 CASWELL DUNES AND MARSHES Land Use Plan
COUNTY n ! MMMfff b ems'''
Primary Fish Nursery
r
�� •� /� 5 '�;; tY� and Significant Natural
;1'PRa'�i� °�': ' ���!•���[�® ;;�� Heritage Areas Ma
74i
,�iN� P�. •<� 9� • eR� ,s t. ,�� Legend
13RJr C'JIINTYINTYh
Primary Road
133 �J 1 G
swa_�oTTe 17 <87 {'•�Ep P�K^"'�� CG wy. pip"' �s� `,. ° Roads
130
904 �� I �� % !�.�+�' `� ST9. '■ �, ♦ -.- �GREENVIEW � : Fy. ' �—..■
SOUTHPCRT �� F i _Municipal Limits
OAMSLAND p 4� 1�'. !-` /u_e FAIRWAY.._.•.
,79 — ��" ° *rho,— Fish NurseryArea
904 CASWELL°BEACH ' 7
BALD HEAD f` .®�r .� S'■ �♦ i tLA
' rr.�
���•��,����. i tk±� i �, Significant Natural
,1 's �rrii . r��� `�',.f i' a• _ f''t ��� 1 F0 a Heritage Area
p�5,y �t �,.*' 1.,,t° •`�; t ■ -r ri e` kf2 i'AhligP/
��t�9�?e'rN-�Im •� �1 f,�1114eoc�e�* �:.
_ Southport 7-ol&.�t��.*:-.
--
�.�:tr--.�--r-. r•.—m-� l:r-r—• ` ELL._ i� �ly^� �����t$���'.��1���T�tF�Lt.C'��iF �lf•�#�1����Y`R��1��a��tii��c��1
1:,12,000-------• - - - — -
- — •---------- _ -
<33/ i
--; A Western End of Town ♦ V Eastern End of Town
Caswell Beach
Oak'lsland U.
F
-, •��� t' • .LOWER CAPEFEARRIVERAQUATICHABITAT 1 inch equals 1,000 feet
��r---�
Htlanilc Ocean -
♦'�+ 1 inch equals 0.19 miles
Significant Natural Heritage Areas SNHA are areas ^ T 71r
identifying sites (terrestrial or aquatic) that have � •� ■ % 4'.
particular biodiversity significance. A site's significance
may be due to the presence of rare species, rare or high ■� / �+ y. k . The preparation of this map was financed
quality natural communities, or other important ecological +' in part through a grant provided by the
features. , 1 '�+'.,•,.il,: - North Carolina Coastal Management
Source: "An Inventory of the Significant Natural Areas j j L Program, through fundsprovided by the
of Brunswick County, North Carolina". North Carolina 1 .. '
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
Natural Heritage Program. / 4' - as amended, which is administered
by the office of Ocean and Coastal
Also, See Section 4: Natural Systems Analysis for more . I'oRt cASwELL ouNEs ANo mARSHEs ■ /
information on the features displayed in this map.' r• #� ^' Resources Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Map is to be used for general
informational purposes only. • r�'
Spatial data used to generate this ■
map was gathered from disparate
sources and represent a condition
at a fixed period in time.
100% accuracy of spatial data to �� r / :•„L
current circumstances cannot be ail
guaranteed.
��I����1�'�� h MM n� L....,..il •�� 11� � h r I t 1 'nf�.J 41 � �� -
- e���'—,•��y�;li�i.bFyt4,���j, •�� ri IJ{,��•{fu�,4�I1��;�i{�,1a1'��7rE_.3i;3r�FIt;'" ' j P',,F_�'Fi*'f"'-�
" c9�ia�`ddl%IIIJJ��ii„_�,. cc , r>-�,;.. ��.■�.� t�
CAPE t'LAR y ._ q1
COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS
2,00o DRAFT
Map prepared by:
Scott Logel
Cape Fear Council of Governments 0 1,250 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000
1480 Harbour Drive "NEEMMEgFeet MAP
Wilmington, NC 28401 0 0.25 0.5 1 1.5 2 NOR'(N Map Created
Miles 8/12/06

i
BRU WICK ILMINGTON
COUNTY
%\ 74
/
87 74 17
3�U�ISV/iCY.
CG'JIJT •
17 133
SHALLO r_ 87
130
SOUTOR
OA K•ISLAN- Dom( (rj
179 7
904 CASWELL�'BEACH
BALD HEA
Southport
I 1
Caswell Beach �yy
Atlantic Ocean
Map is to be used for general
informational purposes only.
Spatial data used to generate this
map was gathered from disparate
sources and represent a condition
at a fixed period in time.
100% accuracy of spatial data to
current circumstances cannot be
guaranteed.
_� FEAR
COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS
a
,
,
t
PE
i
\�BETH1' PALMETTO
pR�OE 1 1
0 DEERWOOD 1
m �
< �P
pN1s'I�A<.� � ♦ s�
1 04
L�VEOPK
r
� � 1
1
Z 1os °j
m ¢i
t"
}, .`
or
VIP W.
1:12,000
A Western End of Town A
i ELIZA B,TH RW R
- 'GASWE,'BEACH L�
-,*Ago, -
-------------------
----------------------- — ---
-------
I i
Eastern End of Town
i
1 CAPF FEAR R"'Ff:
r
A _1
1
1 1\ I
loll
CASWELLBEACH RD� ��----•
1�:—Imp ---al t.—.—....-----------------------------------------
.r '.
Town of
Caswell Beach
2006 CAMA
Land Use Plan
Environmental
Composite Map
Legend
— Primary Road
Roads
Municipal Limits
Environmental Composite
C] Class I Higher Suitability
Class II Moderate Suitability
= Class III Least Suitability
1 inch equals 1,000 feet
1 inch equals 0.19 miles
The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through fundsprovided by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
as amended, which is administered
by the office of Ocean and Coastal
Resources Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
1:12,000 DRAFT
A7L:MIC OC'EAV
Map prepared by:
Scott Logel
Cape Fear Council of Governments 0 1,250 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000
1480 Harbour Drive Feet MAP
Wilmington, NC 28401 0 0.25 0.5 1 1.5 2 oo�mk 0/p2/06ated 8
Miles

co
BRUITS
COUNTY
LMINGTON
Southport
— — - k �­­ I
133
Oak Island Caswell Beach—)
Atlantic Ocean
A
J
L I
A14
1331
014
0
EZN
f;
ro
GI DEER D WOO
-E
000,00
%'JEOP'Y'
E OPIY- qG Z' P j#
GREENWEW "j�
PO IN
Co
4j
61
to fir11
W3
04
FOXFIRE
0
z 'CE
sp�A
CASWELL BEACH
OCEAN
- — - — - — - — - — - — - — - — - — - — - —
1
01
CASVVELL BEACH
- — - — -
1:12,000
--------------------------------------------------------------
I A Western End of Town A V Eastern End of Town V I
7A mr, R; VF P
CAPr FrzP Rn-Fr,,
14
A
Map is to be used for general
informational purposes only.
Spatial data used to generate this
map was gathered from disparate
sources and represent a condition
at a fixed period in time.
100% accuracy of spatial data to
current circumstances cannot be
. . ...... -
guaranteed.
CASW ELL BEACH RD
.............................
J,
CAPE FEAR
COUNUL OF GOVERNMENTS
Map prepared by:
Scott Logel
0 1,250
2,500
5,000
7.500 10,000
Cape Fear Council of Governments
I
-
Feet
1480 Harbour Drive
Wilmington, NC 28401
0 0.25
0.5
1
1.5 2
Miles
Town of
Caswell Beach
2006 CAMA
Land Use Plan
Land Suitability
Analysis Map
Legend
Primary Road
Municipal Limits
Land Suitability
Value
Least Suitable
Low Suitability
Medium Suitability
Medium -Highest Suitability
Highest Suitability
Roads
I inch equals 1,000 feet
1 inch equals 0.19 miles
The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through fundsprovided by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
as amended, which is administered
by the office of Ocean and Coastal
Resources Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
FNQIRTA�
Map Created MAP
11/22/06 10

II l
�RLIdJ�'✓ICK '•`'trWIL1,41PJ0?��!
�Z =
V
87 L4J T(_.
130
IL,�SGU7HPr�F
'179r-1904 �—--
--
Southport
i® t
l3� �
Caswell Beach
OakIslandIslandA
1 ;7,,
Aaantic G�ean
Map is to be used for general
informational purposes only.
Spatial data used to generate this
map was gathered from disparate
sources and represent a condition
at a fixed period in time.
100% accuracy of spatial data to
current circumstances cannot be
guaranteed.
Map prepared by:
Scott Logel
Cape Fear Council of Governments
1480 Harbour Drive
Wilmington, NC 28401
i
'`" iG `lowiia -,
:,,31�.� sue.
1:12,
Town of
Caswell Beach
I�
2006/2007 CAMA
Land Use Plan
Comlrr unity Faciittaes
(Existing Water System
and Planned Sewer
Service Area) Map
t; �� .�w ysi SIDE �,�..
` Legend
f, �` Primary Road
Roads
�11- -RE " EW��a Municipal Limits
Fts 1) ,. Main Distribution Lines
`A r '7
,00
�e�
r. Distrbution Lines
Water and Sewer Service
A
„ •..
r : _. Boundary
IMPORTANT NOTE:
The water and sewer service boundary
shown on this map is a generalization and
is not site specific. It is intended to show
® Western End of Town V Eastern End of Town ® that the planned sewer servicP ill serve
the existing platted and developable
able lots,
and will not encroach into "Conservation
-0i
Areas" or "Commercial Recreation Areas"
(See Section 9 and Map 12 for a
1 description of those areas).
t
0 1,250 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000
Feet
0 0.25 0.5 1 1.5 2
Miles
1 inch equals 1,000 feet
1 inch equals 0.19 miles
The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through fundsprovided by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
as amended, which is administered
by the office of Ocean and Coastal
Resources Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
w1:12
� Map Created
�®g 1/6/07
a
t
UM
MAP
11

. `.r�;T� � —i-.// lax.+. 'i�i .+"++ i E�:✓;ce-:,,.,,
133 �.� ..
wopoll
BRUNSWICK h yf ILMINGTON 1
1 o ti 4
110B, A v ; pQLnlErto r
i N
r Z • m
m 3 c
pR\GE !
DEERWOOD ■
74 '.. h rn r
N 1'� ■
`87 741 17
neurvsr. ice
mi;Mv
17 - 87711 ^
_ �e ��
l
ll
Southport
it...—.
...--..:�.r� lWW j
133
!
�
Caswell Beach
Oak Island
�
Atlantic
14=Digit Hydrologic Unit:
The planning jurisdcition of Caswell
Beach lies completely within
HUC #03030005070010.
See Policies 4(b) and 38 - 41.
See Section 4.1.1 (8) in the Land
Use Plan for 303 (d) list waters in the
planing jurisdiction.
Map is to be used for general
informational purposes only.
Spatial data used to generate this
map was gathered from disparate
sources and represent a condition
at a fixed period in time.
100% accuracy of spatial data to
current circumstances cannot be
guaranteed.
CAPEFEAR
COUNCtt, OF GOVERN1NOri'S
m MGO�uGLE
n N
i
f6 .-
LNEoPK
GREENVIEW
qGC
v� O J
UVEOPK
O
�G2
O0'-•
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0
CoC
A p.
n U,
NORNPOP
a°
A
c0
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1
FOXFIRE 1
tr
". CAS
0
Z
GIN
-- OGEAN 0
Z,o
WELLBEACH
-
1z. — — - — — —' f----------------
m - CASWELLBEACH
--4"—• N
—.---------------
1:12,000
---------------------------- -------_-_---_-_-
f Town V Eastern End of Town
1
I
1
I �
■
1 �
■
r
■
I a
s
1 � ■
1 �
i The Town of Caswell Beach
' Shall Apply the Standards of the
j "Residential High Density District'
to this Area (outlined in red) If Annexed
or Upon Extension of Extraterritorial
CASWELL BEACH RD L-"--.0 Jurisdiction Authority
Town of
Caswell Beach
2006/2007 CAMA
Land Use Plan
Future Land Use
Classification Map
Legend
= Primary Road
Municipal Limits
Roads
Conservation
I Commercial Recreation
Residential Low Density
,—.Residential Medium Density
IM Residential Medium -High DE
= Residential High Density
In addition to the Conservation
Areas identified on this Map, See
Maps 8 and 10 for environmentally
sensitive areas and areas less suitable
for development.
See Map 11 for Service Area Boundaries
for planned and existing water and sewer
infrastructure.
1 inch equals 1,000 feet
1 inch equals 0.19 miles
The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through fundsprovided by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
as amended, which is administered
by the office of Ocean and Coastal
Resources Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
1:12,000 1 DRAFT
Map prepared by: — —
Scott Logel 0 1,250 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000
Cape Fear Council of Governments Feet
1480 Harbour Drive MAP
Wilmington, NC 28401 0 0.25 0.5 1 ,.5 2 Miles NOR�H 7/16/07eated 12

•
•
BRU
O
WILMINGTON
-'A7 E - SOUTHPORT
OAK ISLAND
CASWELL BEACH
BALD HEAD
The North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR) Division of Environmental Health
(DEH) - Shellfish Sanitation and
Recreational Water Quality Section
(SS+RWQS) identifies Shellfish Growing
Areas (SGA). The SS+RWQS performs
water sampling throughout the year to
determine the extent of contamination
or cleanliness of SGA, and submits
recommendations to the Division of
Marine Fisheries (DMF) to close or
open waters for shellfish harvesting.
The DMF disseminates a proclamation
with the SS+RWQS's recommendation.
The SGA contain waters that are
permanently closed (prohibited), open
(approved), or subject to being opened
or closed (conditionally approved - open
or conditionally approved - closed).
Map is to be used for general informational
purposes only. Spatial data used to
generate this map was gathered from disparate
sources and represent a condition at a fixed
eriod in time. 100% accuracy of a spatial data to
current circumstances cannot be guaranteed.
'.^& -�, CAPE FEAR
•
COUNCIL OF crAro:RN'ntrn rs
Map prepared by:
Jacob Vares
Cape Fear Council of Governments
1480 Harbour Drive
Wilmington, NC 28401
I
At
iF , N
�I �wepgeach� .�� oxre
`t CaswellSearh �`~
1 S
---R'si
--- --- _
1� L• >
Atlantic Ocean
0 1,750 3,500 7,000 10,500 14,000
Feet
0 0.35 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 N�RZN
Miles
Town of
Caswell Beach
2006 CAMA
Land Use Plan
Shellfish Growing
Areas Map
Legend
Primary Road
........ Roads
` _ Municipal Limits
Shellfish Growing Areas
APP (Approved)
CA-0 (Conditinally Approved- Open)
CA-C (ConditinallyApproved - Closed)
CSHA-P (Closed Shellfish Harvisting
Area - Prohibited)
The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
as amended, which is administered
by the office of Ocean and Coastal
Resources Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
DRAFT
MAP
Map Created 13
02/11/10