Land Use Plan Update-1996

Town of Bolivia
1996
I Land Use Plan Update
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DCM COPY DCM COPY
lease do not remove!!!!!
Division of Coastal Management Copy
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� Prepared By: The Town of Bolivia
Cane Fear Council of Governments
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Acknowledgement.
rThe preparation of this document and associated maps was
financed, in part, through a grant provided by the North
Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds
provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean
and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.
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Prepared By: Town of Bolivia
Board of Aldermen:
Ina Mae Mintz, Mayor
Ella Jane Wescott
Sarah Knox
Hazel Cox
Thurston Clemmons
Ina King, Town Clerk
William Fairley, Town Attorney
Planning Board:
Wayne Cox, Chairman
Marvin McKeithan, Vice Chairman
Drew Robbins
Ken Mercer, Sr.
Robert WiIletts
J. M. King
Technical Assistance provided by:
Cape Fear Council of Governments
1480 Harbour Drive
Wilmington, North Carolina 28401
(910) 3954553 (ext. 215)
[phone] fax
Local Public Hearing held on September 9, 1996.
Local Adoption on September 9, 1996
Adopted by the Coastal Resources Commission on September 27, 1996

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
4
Section 1: ANALYSIS
A.
OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
ESTABLISHMENT OF INFORMATION BASE
6
8
B.
POPULATION AND ECONOMY
10
C.
D.
SEASONAL POPULATION
EXISTING LAND USE
17
18
E.
CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES AND REGULATIONS
20
Section 2: CONSTRAINTS TO DEVELOPMENT
24
A.
LAND SUITABILITY
24
B.
CARRYING CAPACITY
25
Section 3: ESTIMATED DEMAND
26
A.
WATER
26
B.
SEWER
28
C.
LEVEL OF USE FOR SCHOOLS, ROADS, & HOSPITALS
28
D.
POPULATION AND ECONOMY
31
E.
SEASONAL POPULATION
31
F.
LOCAL OBJECTIVES CONCERNING GROWTH
31
Section 4: POLICIES
FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
A.
RESOURCE PROTECTION
32
(a) Constraints to Development
32
(b) Areas of Environmental Concern
34
(c) Development in Proximity to Outstanding Resource
Waters (ORW's)
34
(d) Fragile Land Areas
35
(1) Freshwater Swamps and Marshes
35
(2) Manmade Hazard Areas
35
(3) Archaeologic or Historic Areas
36
(4) Prime Farmland
36
(5) Wildlife Habitat Areas
36
(e) Hurricane & Flood Evacuation Needs & Plans
37
(fl Protection of Potable Water
37
(g) Use of Package Treatment Plants
37
(h) Stormwater Runoff
38
(i) Industrial Impacts
38
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B. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
39
(a)
Productive Agricultural Lands
39
(b)
Commercial Forest Lands
39
(c)
Existing and Potential Mineral Production Areas
40
(d)
Commercial & Recreational Fisheries
40
(e)
Off -Road Vehicles
40
(f)
Residential, Commercial, & Industrial
Land Development Impacts
41
(g)
Peat or Phosphate Mining's Impacts
42
C. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
42
(a)
Types of Development to be Encouraged
42
(b)
Type and Location of Industry Desired
43
(c)
Local Commitment to Services Provision
43
(d)
Urban Growth Patterns Desired
44
(e)
Redevelopment of Developed Areas
44
(f)
Commitment to State & Federal Programs
44
(g)
Assistance to Channel Maintenance
and Beach Nourishment Projects
45
(h)
Energy Facility Siting & Development
45
(i)
Coastal & Estuarine Water Beach Access
45
(j)
Tourism
46
(k)
Type of Density Desired
46
(1)
Manufactured Homes
47
(m)
Town Boundary Defined
47
(n)
Provision of Services to Development
48
(o)
Recreational Facilities
48
(p)
Annexation
48
(q)
Regional Trade Center
49
Section 5: CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
49
Section 6: STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST -DISASTER RECOVERY,
& EVACUATION PLANS 50
(a) Storm Hazard Mitigation 50
(b) Bolivia's Storm Hazard Mitigation Policy 52
(c) Post -Disaster Recovery Plan 52
(d) Evacuation Plans 56
Section 7: LAND CLASSIFICATION 56
(a) Transition 59
(b) Rural 60
(c) Conservation 60
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Section 8: RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES & LAND CLASSIFICATION 60
Section 9: INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION & IMPLEMENTATION 61
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 — MUNICIPAL & COUNTY POPULATION 10
TABLE 2 — PLACE OF WORK (by # of workers) 12
TABLE 3 — MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK 13
TABLE 4 — HOUSEHOLD, FAMILY, AND NONFAMILY INCOME IN 1989 14
TABLE 5 — EXISTING LAND USE 19
APPENDIX
ATTACHMENT A — -r — — STATE & FEDERAL ELECTED OFFICIALS/TOWN OF BOLIVIA
ATTACHMENT B — SURVEY TALLY SHEET
ATTACHMENT C — — -r CORRESPONDENCE FROM NC DIVISION OF ARCHIVES &
HISTORY, DAVID BROOKS
ATTACHMENT D — — -r LETTER OF INQUIRY TO NC DIVISION OF ARCHIVES &
HISTORY
ATTACHMENT E — — CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN
ATTACHMENT F — — — — 20 YEAR POPULATION PROJECTIONS, TOWN OF BOLIVIA
ATTACHMENT G — — -r 20 YEAR POPULATION PROJECTIONS FOR REGION O
BY COUNTY (Table)
ATTACHMENT H — -r 20 YEAR POPULATION PROJECTIONS FOR REGION O
BY COUNTY (Graph)
MAPS
EXISTING LAND USE Folded in back of document
1995 LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP Folded in back of document

INTRODUCTION
The term "comprehensive plan" is often used interchangeably with other terms.
The "comprehensive plan" is also referred to as the "general plan" or the "master plan."
The essential characteristics of the plan, which we will refer to as the Land Use Plan (LUP)
or the Land Use Plan Update (LUPUP), is that the plan encompasses all geographic parts
of the community and all physical and environmental elements which bear on land use
development. The plan is general in the sense that it will summarize policies and
proposals and will not indicate (in great detail) specific locations or detailed regulations.
The plan will be long-range in the sense that it will look beyond the foreground of current
pressing and everyday development pressures and will look to the perspective of problems
and possibilities for 10 to 20 years in the future.
For planning purposes the preparation, adoption, and use of the Land Use Plan is
considered to be the primary objective of a planning program. Most other plans and
planning actions by a local government are designed, at least theoretically, to be based
upon the comprehensive land use plan.
With the production of this document will we throw off the yoke of our day-to-day
concerns and take a more thoughtful look at the Town's desired growth patterns for future
land use development activity. We will look at the data available on the economy,
population, existing land use, and natural resources. We will prepare a map which will
describe the existing uses of land and we will also prepare a map which will describe
future desired growth patterns. With this information in hand, development proposals can
be examined in the light of existing services. Requested uses of land may be viewed along
side the vision of desired future growth, and the interrelationships of the proposed
development activity may be compared with existing development. Services can also be
analyzed with thought given toward the appropriateness of project design.
Local government has a great deal of influence on how a community develops.
The buildings, facilities, and improvements provided by local government affect the daily
lives of most citizens. These same features give a form and a life to the community and
can be a stimulus or an impediment to the development of privately owned land in the
area.
The local government is inescapably involved in questions on the physical
development of land within the area of its jurisdiction. At nearly every meeting the Town
Council and the Planning Board will make decisions concerning zoning, streets, sites for
public buildings, or the allocations of funds for public projects of one type or another.
And for making these kinds of decisions the lay Boards of local government need technical
guidance. If the quickest and most expedient decision is taken, without forethought, the
local government leaders may find that they will make a decision one month only to

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negate the premise of that decision next month because they are faced with another 11
decision and another quickie answer. Over time these type of decisions, I'll call them
incremental decisions, are made and the local government can end up on a path that is
not consistent with the desired future of the Town. This type of decision process known
as "incrementalism" can be avoided by a proactive approach to community development.
The local government needs an instrument, a plan, which will establish long-range
general policies for the physical development of the community. With a plan decisions
can be made in a coordinated and unified manner. The comprehensive Land Use Plan
will provide the Town with this sort of an instrument. It can be continually referred to as
an important source for decisions on those development issues which arise on a regular
basis. Zoning classification amendment requests, subdivision approval, the location of
roads or highways, extension of public services ..... all of these decisions are made in a
manner which best serves the public interest if some systematic planned approach to the
decision process is made. The Land Use Plan will help with all of this. The Land Use
Plan will be an important document for the Town.
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ISECTION 1: ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
The area we now know as the Town of Bolivia began to be settled in the late 18th
century. The reason was the pine forests and particularly, in the case of Bolivia, the
turpentine industry. The pine forests provided a huge natural resource to the early settlers
and became the basis of all early industry along the Carolinas coast. As people were
drawn in by the attraction to this economic activity, what we now refer to as land
development activity increased and more people settled into Brunswick County. Land
was cleared, homes were built, and farming activity began.
The name of the Town of Bolivia is said to have come from the printing on a South
American tow sack which someone took to be the name of the community. In the late
1800's, and the early years of the 20th century, the Town was a thriving place. There
were sawmills creating lumber from that ever present coastal North Carolina resource ....
the long leaf pine. Additionally, the railroad, a tobacco warehouse, a furniture company,
and a shingle mill are said to have operated in Bolivia. Many records have been lost to
antiquity, however, the memory of many long-term residents provides both anecdotal and
empirical evidence (photographs) of the Town as a thriving place. The Town of Bolivia
was chartered by action of the North Carolina General Assembly on February 24, 1911.
U.S. Highway 17, also known as the Ocean Highway, was paved through the
Town in 1929. For improvements considered over the years to this roadway, it was felt by
M local officials that any widening or enhancements of the Highway through Town would be
impossible due to the existence of historic properties and sites. (The area has never been
systematically surveyed according to the NC Division of Archives and History, however,
local residents understand the importance of their heritage and realize historic properties
exist and that once destroyed, a historic property cannot be replaced.) The end result of
this local concern was that a four lane divided highway (a by-pass) was built to by the NC
Department of Transportation. The work was completed in 1992. This by-pass allows
traffic to skirt the Town and will forever allow the Town the opportunity to maintain the
peace and quiet desired for a residential community.
The Town has changed significantly within the last 30 years. In the mid 1960's the
Town of Bolivia was a active and bustling community. Gradually, for a variety of reasons
(including available employment), the number of people and businesses in Town declined
during the 1970's and 1980's. This period of decline has now ended. The Town is
growing along with the rest of Brunswick County and the future looks very promising.
The Town operates under the Mayor - Council form of government. This is the
original form of general purpose local government in this country and it has been
successfully employed from the smallest colonial American Town to large modern Towns
with million dollar budgets.

The primary advantage of this type of government is that it brings government
closer to the voters. That is, the people who have the responsibility of creating Town
policy as well as operating the gears of municipal government are directly elected by the
citizens. The elected officials are accountable for both administration and the oversight of
municipal functions. A weakness with this form of government is the lack of any real
executive leader since decision authority ultimately rests with the governing body as a
group. Responsibility for operations is shared by all members of the Board of Aldermen,
which gives the municipality administration by committee. Strong consistent direction
depends on maintaining a general consensus, which may be difficult. (On the other hand,
this may be perceived as an advantage since the difficulty of concerted action makes it
unlikely that a government with this type of a structure can do much harm.)
This form of local government is the principal form used in North Carolina. It
predominates as a type dramatically for those local governments with a population of
under 5,000 persons. In Bolivia the Board of Aldermen consists of four elected members
and the Mayor all of whom are elected by the people. As with most municipalities the
governing board in Bolivia is elected on a nonpartisan basis and at large by all of the
Town's registered voters. Terms of office for the Bolivia Board of Aldermen are not
staggered.
The General Statutes require the following officers be appointed by a municipal
government:
CLERK — — (Ms. Ina King) The clerk is responsible for giving the proper notices of regular
and special meetings of the governing board, keeping an accurate record of the board's
proceedings and being the custodian of all Town records.
BUDGET OFFICER — — (Ms. Ina Mintz) The budget officer receives budget requests and
ensures municipal compliance with budget preparation and administrative requirements
required by the General Statutes. In the Mayor - Council form of government any Town
officer or employee, including the Mayor (if she agrees), may serve as budget officer.
FINANCE OFFICER -r -r (Ms. Ina Mintz) The finance officer keeps the accounts and
disburses Town funds consistent with the General Statutes. These duties may also be
conferred upon the budget officer.
ATTORNEY — — (Mr. William Fairley) The attorney serves as the legal advisor to the
Board. He serves at the pleasure of the Board.
TAX COLLECTOR — — (Ms. Ina King) The tax collector has the responsibility for
collecting property, privilege license, and all other taxes due a municipality and to fulfill
the obligations imposed by the General Statutes on tax collection. Any officer or
employee can be appointed tax collector except a member of the governing body. The
finance officer may be appointed to that office only with the consent of the Local
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IGovernment Commission.
The Town of Bolivia has one employee, the Town Clerk. The Town Clerk works
part-time. As a result of the lack of a large staff the members of the elected Board are often
directly involved in government administration. The basic administration plan in Bolivia
1 is direct supervision. In this situation the governing Board appoints and removes all
Department heads. Since there is only one employee, this style of governance seems to fit
the Town nicely. In this situation, the Board is ultimately responsible for the for the
operation of all Town Departments and activities. This plan is well suited for small Towns
and seems to work well in Bolivia. It can be a cumbersome means of handling the
administrative function if a municipality has many departments.
A. ESTABLISHMENT OF INFORMATION BASE
This 1995 Land Use Plan for the Town of Bolivia is the statutorily required Land
Use Plan Update for the Town. The document is prepared according to the guidelines
and requirements of the North Carolina Coastal Resources Commission and the Coastal
Area Management Act (CAMA). The specific requirements for the document are within
the North Carolina Administrative Code at Subchapter 7B of Chapter 15A. The version of
15A NCAC 7B pertinent to the preparation of this document is dated November 1, 1989.
This Land Use Plan Update will serve to guide the community on development
decisions. It is recognized that land development takes place as a result of a series of
decisions by private individuals and government. Those decisions, if they are not
considered rationally prior to a local government being confronted with a development
request, may not be in the overall interest of the community. So as to promote
community interest for the present and future generations, a Land Use Plan is developed
and kept current by local governments in the coastal area of North Carolina.
Data collected at the beginning of the Land Use Plan process gives local
government leaders an opportunity to understand current or existing conditions. It is
recognized that from a cognitive standpoint there are probably no others in the
community who understand current issues better than the elected officials and appointed
boards of local government. However, these individuals often find, when having placed
before them a comprehensive view of the community elicited through the Land Use
Planning process, new insights to development issues. The compilation and analysis of
data is part of the process herein rendered.
The Town will, through the process of developing this Land Use Plan Update,
adopt policies to guide and direct community growth. It is incumbent upon all
community leaders to recognize that many decisions affecting development are made by
other levels of government. Local policies and local regulations need to take this into

account. By carefully addressing the Land Use Planning Guidelines requirements, the
Town gives guidance to individuals and other levels of government who will strive to
follow local policies dealing with locally important or controversial issues. State and
federal agencies will be advised to use the contents of this Plan in making project
consistency, funding, and permit decisions. Policies on the type of development desired,
density of development projects, protection of resources, and other areas are examples of
this type of local policy decision.
The Town of Bolivia Land Use Plan Update provides the following basic elements:
A) A summary of data collection and analysis,
B) An existing land use map,
C) A land classification map, and,
D) Policy discussion.
The Land Use Planning Guidelines require the following policy issue areas to be
addressed within the Plan:
1) Resource Protection,
2) Resource Production and Management,
3) Economic and Community Development,
4) Continuing Public Participation,
5) Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery and
Evacuation Plans,
6) Land Classification; and,
7) Intergovernmental Coordination and Implementation.
To gather the information required as a part of the Land Use Plan development
process requires assistance from a large number of State, federal, and local agency
personnel and documents. Shown below are some of those sources' and documents
utilized during the preparation of this Plan.
—NC Division of Coastal Management
—NC Division of Environmental Management
—NC Division of Community Assistance
—US Army Corps of Engineers
—Brunswick County Planning Department
—Brunswick County GIS Department
—Federal Emergency Management Agency
—NC Division of Archives and History
—US Department of Agriculture, SCS, Brunswick County
—Brunswick County Land Use Plan Update (1993)
' These sources were supplemented by windshield surveys in March of 1995. The windshield
surveys were to view and obtain data on existing land use patterns, roads, and housing
conditions.
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—NC Department of Transportation
—Town of Bolivia Staff
—Brunswick County Schools
—Town of Bolivia Zoning Ordinance
—Brunswick County Thoroughfare Plan
—NC Office of State Planning
The Town recognizes that land use planning is not a static process. Changes in
development activity are regular and sometimes rapid. While development has not been
occurring in the Town at an extremely rapid pace, to date, the Town is poised to accept
development activity which it recognizes may approach Town leaders as soon as the door
to Town Hall next opens.
The development of this Plan has led to new discussion, new ideas, and has given
great insight to the future possibilities for the Town.
B. POPULATION AND ECONOMY
The North Carolina Office of State Planning issued (in the fall of 1994) a document
entitled North Carolina Municipal Population. This document shows the population of
the Town of Bolivia at 257 persons. Of the 236 municipalities with population under
1,000 persons, Bolivia was twenty-first in growth rate with a 12.7% gain between April
1990 and July of 19932. This reported growth spurt is believed to be a statistical quirk as
the Town's population has been holding relatively steady since 1980.
TABLE 1
April
April
July
Percent
Percent
Percent
MUNICIPAL &
1980
1990
1993
Change
Change
Change
COUNTY
1980-90
1990-93
1980-93
POPULATION
Bolivia
252
228
257
-9.5%
12.7%
1.9%
Brunswick
35,777
50,985
56,896
42.5%
11.6%
59%
County
North
5,880,09
6,632,448
6,950,000
12.7%
Carolina__]
5
Source: NC Office of State Planning
Z As of July 1993, there were 524 incorporated municipalities within North Carolina's 100
counties.
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Between April 1990 and July 1993, the population of North Carolina grew by
almost 320,000 persons (4.8%), increasing from 6.63 million to 6.95 million in only 3.25
years. By April 2000, NC population is estimated to reach 7.44 million, representing an
increase of more than 810,000 (or 12.3%).
As we compare Brunswick County population growth to the growth of North
Carolina, we see:
1980 1990 Change
Brunswick County 35,777 50,985 42.51 %
North Carolina 5,880,095 6,628,637 12.73%
Source: NC Office of State Planning
As we compare County Land Area and Population Density for Brunswick County
and North Carolina, we see:
Density of Pop,
Land Area (Sq. Mi.) 1980 1990 Change
Brunswick County 860.49 41.6 59.3 42.51 %
North Carolina 48,843 120.4 135.7 12.73%
Source: NC Office of State Planning
A breakdown of Population and Housing Units By Township shows:
Population
Housing Units
Township
1980
1990
1980
1990
Lockwoods Folly Township 7,361
10,705
5,636
10,084
Northwest Township
4,657
7,454
1,902
2,917
Shallotte Township
6,582
11,818
4,717
10,826
Smithville Township
6,838
9,488
5,436
8,506
Town Creek Township*
8,357
9,260
3,123
3,844
Waccamaw Township
1,982
2,260
737
937
* Town Creek Township is the location of the Town of Bolivia.
Source: Brunswick County Planning Department
From an analysis of the figures for Town Creek Township, we can speculate that
vacation homes are being built within the Township. This is a trend which is also true for
other Townships in Brunswick County (Smithville, Shallotte, et al).
The 1990 U.S. Census of Population and Housing for the Town of Bolivia racial
breakdown shows 219 white (96%), 5 black (2%),and 2 American Indian (< 1 %)3. This is
3 Unweighted sample count equals 226 persons. 100% count equals 228. Percent of persons
in sample equals 43.9%. 100% of persons were counted as rural with only 2.7% of those
counted as rural farm.
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a small percentage of minority persons. There is no reason (empirical, anecdotal, or
quantitative) to believe the percentages given from the U. S. Bureau of the Census (1990)
have changed the racial composition of the Town in the last 3 years.
The 1990 U.S. Census reported the median age of total persons in Bolivia as 36.3
years. The median age for the male population was shown as 34.4 years and the female
median age is shown as 38.3. The entire population of the Town is native born. (It breaks
down as follows: 182 were born in the state of residence, 2 were born in the northeast, 6
were born in the Midwest, and 36 in the south.) 129 residents have lived in the same
house since 1985. 55 live in a different house in the same county, 13 in a different
county within the same state, and of those previously residing in a different state, 2 were
from the northeast, 6 from the Midwest, and 4 from the south.
The economy of a small Town is extremely important to its growth and
development. The reason economy is such a crucial part of a Town's Land Use Plan is
that the effectiveness of any physical plans for land development are almost totally
dependant on economic development.
There were reported to be 102 workers (workers defined as 16 years of age and up)
in the Town in 1990. This fact is consistent with previous findings and analysis of the
Town's population. Bolivia has a large number of residents who are retired and who live
on a fixed income. Of those who work 62.7% work in Brunswick County. 35.3% work
in another County and 2% work in another state.
TABLE 2
Brunswick County
Another County
Outside NC
PLACE OF WORK
(by # of workers)
Bolivia
64
36
2
Source: U.S. Census
As shown in TABLE 2, of those who work, 64 (62.7%) work in Brunswick County.
Thirty six (35.3%) work in another County, and 2 (2%) work in another State. The 36
(35.3%) persons working in another County is a significant number. Place of work and
travel time to work are considered as quality of life measures. The most impressive quality
of life feature in Bolivia is the traditional small Town rural charm. People are pleased to
live in the Town because it is quiet (as
indicated in the survey), because there is very
little crime, and because the peace and
solitude are appealing qualities.
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TABLE #3
MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO
WORK
Bolivia/Total Workers
Car, truck, or Van (Drove alone)
67
Car, Truck, or Van (Carpool)
20
Public Transportation: Bus
0
Streetcar
0
Taxicab
0
Ferryboat
0
Motorcycle
0
Bicycle
0
Other Means
5
Walked
5
Worked at Home
5
TOTAL
102
Source: U.S. Census
Of those persons who carpool (shown in TABLE #3), 15 persons were in a 2 person
carpool and 5 persons were in a 3 person carpool. The majority of persons who work in
Bolivia are traveling to work alone in a personal vehicle. The mean travel time to work
for workers residing in Bolivia is 27.4 minutes. 46% of workers travel at least 30 minutes
to get to work. In 1980, 8,231 persons worked in Brunswick County. The number
commuting into the County to work was 3,543. The number of out commuters was
3,695. The net on commuters equaled -152. More persons living in the Town of Bolivia
work within the County than outside of the County so the net number of commuters for
Bolivia for 1990 is +28.
TABLE #4 summarizes income for Households, Families, and Nonfamily
Households according to the amount earned in 1989. The average income for
Households and Families in Bolivia ($24,545 and $30,149 respectively) is higher than the
average for the County as a whole and is also above the low income limit (for 1995)
described by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development for Section 8
housing assistance. The average Nonfamily Household income is below the low income
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A t..- o-.... ..,:, I, !'n+— —. + ♦ is nhnvn thn vnry Inw inrnmP thrPshnld.
TABLE #4
HOUSEHOLD,
FAMILY, AND
NONFAMILY
INCOME IN 1989
HOUSEHOLDV
FAMILIES'
NONFAMILY
HOUSEHOLDS6
$0 - 4,999
5
3
2
$5,000 - 9,999
19
5
14
$10,000 - 12,499
4
0
4
$12,500 - 14,999
5
5
0
$15,000 - 17,499
5
2
3
$17,500 - 19,999
6
6
6
$20,000 - 22,499
0
0
0
$22,500 - 24,999
7
4
3
$25,000 - 27,499
5
3
2
$27,500 - 29,999
5
5
0
$30,000 - 32,499
5
2
3
$32,500 - 34,999
3
3
0
$35,000 - 37,499
2
3
0
$37,500 - 39,999
5
4
0
4 Households are all persons except those persons in group quarters or on the street. This
category consists of all occupied dwellings (except group quarters).
s Families consist of persons living together with a relationship by blood, marriage, or
adoption.
' Nonfamily households consist of persons not related. These may be persons living
alone, with a partner or a roommate, or group quarters. Nationwide nonfamily households make
up approximately 30% of all households.
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TABLE 4 Con't.
$40,000 - 42,499
HOUSEHOLDS
2
FAMILIES
2
NONFAMILY
HOUSEHOLDS
0
$42,500 - 44,999
3
3
0
$45,000 - 47,499
0
0
0
$47,500 - 49,999
3
3
0
$50,000 - 54,999
2
2
0
$55,000 - 59,999
3
3
0
$60,000 - 74,999
3
3
0
$75,000 - 99,999
0
0
0
$100,000 -
124,999
0
0
0
$125,000 -
149,999
0
0
0
$150,000 or more
0
0
0
Total
92
61
31
Median Income?
$23,214
$28,750
$9,661
Mean Income"
$24,545
$30,149
$13,440
Less than
$150,000
$24,545
$30,149
$13,440
$150,000 or
more
-
-
Source: U.S. Census
The amount of taxes paid is an indicator of the economic health of an area. In all
The median income is the average income.
8 The mean income is the middle of the range of income.
15 1

of North Carolina County government tax revenue for fiscal year 1990 was
$1,515,146,538. For Brunswick County the total County -wide Property Tax was
$24,541,023. The Local Option Sales Tax was 5,598,257. Other taxes were $678,169.
The Brunswick County total for 1990 was therefore $30,139,889.
The property tax rate for the Town of Bolivia is 25 cents per hundred dollars
(.25/100) of assessed value. For the owner of a $100,000 property the Town requires a
local property tax payment of $250.
Bog Spring Boiling S rin Lakes = .30/100 Northwest = .25/100
Long Beach = .36/100 Southport = .53/100
Shallotte = .325/100 Sunset Bch .135/100
Ocean Isle Beach = .17/100 Belville .15/100
Calabash = .085/100 Yaupon Bch = .305/100
The Brunswick County rate is .685/100. This compares favorably within the area
and is within the range of amounts paid in other area Counties.
Pender County = .65/100
New Hanover County = .63/100 (plus an add in of .0285 for the fire districts)
Columbus County = .78/100
The County rate is added to the municipal rate to give a total property tax. In
Bolivia, the owner of the $100,000 property pays $250 to the Town and $685 to the
County. The total tax bill is $935. The amount of property tax owed the Town yearly in
'
Bolivia has not gone up in the memory of any local persons currently familiar with
municipal tax rates.
The Town of Bolivia does not charge a privilege license tax. This is a three level
tax that the State, County, and Town often all levy on the same business activity. The tax
is levied on the privilege of engaging in a particular occupation or business activity within
the taxing jurisdiction and is enforced and collected through the issuance of an annual
license. The statute which enables the levy of this tax is NC G.S. 105-33 through 105-
113. A Town which wishes to levy this tax must adopt an Ordinance levying the tax. The
Ordinance lists the activities taxed and the tax rates. Towns have a great deal of flexibility
in selecting the activities to be taxed and the rate of tax. The privilege license tax is a
revenue generating measure and should not be used to regulate otherwise legitimate
businesses. The Town of Bolivia has henceforth not sought to charge this tax to businesses
located in Town. The primary reason is that it is felt that this tax might inhibit businesses
wishing to locate within the municipality. The Town does not wish to inhibit any
commercial investment based upon tax considerations.
The largest employer in the immediate vicinity is the County. The County
Administrative offices are located just south of the Town's ETA. There are 550 County
16

employees at this location. The Town has no large retail service areas or centers which
would tend to draw people into Town for shopping excursions. The 1989 Sketch Land
Use Plan for the Town of Bolivia (adopted locally on January 8, 1990, and certified by the
CRC on March 30, 1990) indicates a primary concern of Town officials is the need for a
local grocery and drug store in the community. This is still a great concern and the
absence of these amenities was recorded in the survey conducted as a part of the
production of this Land Use Plan Update. Residents must currently travel to Southport (18
miles), Shallotte (15 miles), Leland (20 miles), or Wilmington to shop for groceries. The
closest public library is in Shallotte. The closest theater is in Long Beach 0 6 miles). The
small amount of commercial development in Town includes a convenience store (Kopp
Brothers Kwik Stop, which is the oldest business in Town), Mercer Tractor Service (since
1975), an insurance company, a beauty shop, and a bank. For the most part, the Town
Bolivia (to date) has developed in a way which is not readily accommodating to the
visiting public.
The Town of Bolivia wishes to grow to become a regional trade center. Town
officials envision Bolivia as a place where residents of the larger area, which is central
Brunswick County, may stop to one day buy groceries, and visit the hardware store or
pharmacy. The Town will seek to foster this concept by building on its location and the
fine country lifestyle and natural scenic amenities now enjoyed by residents only 20
minutes away from the loth largest City in North Carolina (Wilmington) which has 59,378
persons (1993 est., Office of State Planning).
C. SEASONAL POPULATION
The impact of seasonal population on the Town of Bolivia is negligible. The reason
for this is that the Town is located away from the resort beaches which experience huge
influxes of seasonal visitors. Those seasonal effects which are felt by the Town include an
increase in traffic from March through October. The traffic increase no longer directly
affects the downtown area as the traffic bypass, completed in 1992, handles most of the
traffic increase. Some of the vacationers and travelers utilizing U.S. Highway 17 do in fact
exit and pass into the Town for gasoline and other convenience type items. The Town has
yet to capitalize on its location along this major traffic corridor as a means by which to
improve the local economy.
It is felt that the recent lanes added to U.S. Highway 17 through Brunswick County
(south, north, and west of Bolivia) will have a long term positive effect on growth in the
County. This growth should affect the Town of Bolivia both seasonally and year-round.
The County transportation network thus improved will begin to act as a conduit for traffic
between the major resort and population centers of Wilmington and Myrtle Beach. As
growth continues in these areas, people who wish to avoid the urban environment, and
the cost of establishing residency or living there, will begin to look to the outlying areas
17

nearby. The Town of Bolivia, which is approximately 20 minutes from downtown
Wilmington, and 40 minutes from Myrtle Beach, will begin to reap the rewards of its
location. The Town is poised to accept the possibility of growth, both in its seasonal and
permanent population.
' It is expected that a new bridge to Oak Island will be completed within the
planning period. This bridge will be the second connector (bridge) to Oak Island and the
booming and beautiful resort destinations of Long Beach, Yaupon Beach, and Caswell
r Beach. The bridge will be an extension of Midway Road which joins U. S. Highway 17
just south of Bolivia near the Brunswick County Government complex. It is expected that
this bridge will bring new traffic to the Town of Bolivia and that these automobiles will
occasionally stop in the Town of Bolivia. The bridge will thus begin to further enhance
economic opportunity within Bolivia and the vicinity.
There are now no major draws on community services, and no special expenses for
the Town, during the months when the coastal and resort areas of Brunswick County are
experiencing a booming tourist business.
D. EXISTING LAND USE
A survey of existing land uses was completed for the Town of Bolivia as a part of
preparing this document. The survey was conducted in March of 1995 by Cape Fear
Council of Governments staff and Town officials. The survey showed the vast majority of
homes within the Town and ETA to be in a good state of repair. This finding is generally
in keeping with the fact that the median (average) income for the Town of Bolivia is higher
than the surrounding region. There were, of course, exceptions to this finding. The Town
is in the process of preparing to take care of some of the problem areas which have been
found to exist in housing through the recently enacted local ordinances on Nuisances and
the Minimum Housing. Grants and loans will also be applied for to rehabilitate
substandard homes.
Thepattern of development within the Bolivia planning jurisdiction has been
p P P g
scattered site type development. The Existing Land Use Map (1995), which is located in
the map pocket at the rear of this document, reveals much about the Town. (Base map
information was received from the Brunswick County G.I.S. Office. The data was field
checked in March of 1995.) The following observations are made based upon repeated
visits to Town and analysis of this map:
(1) Privately owned parcels of land along the roadways in
Town have been developed. The reason for this
development has been the ease of utility hook-
up and convenient access to transportation.
1 18

(2) There has been no development within the Bolivia ETA
north of U.S. Highway 17 By-pass. Only a small
portion of the By-pass is within the Town's municipal
limit.
(3) The areas which remain primarily in agricultural use lie
to the west of the center of Town. The agricultural
operations existing are all within the ETA.
(4) There is very little commercial activity within the
Town's planning jurisdiction.
(5) There is a very large amount of open and unused land
within the planning jurisdiction of the Town of Bolivia.
Many of the parcels of land delineated on the Existing
Land Use Map are large, privately owned, and are
suitable for residential development.
Within the Town of Bolivia there are 88 single family homes. Of these 88 homes,
24 (27%) are manufactured type homes and 64 (73%) are site built. The ETA has 105
single family homes. Of these 31 (30%) are manufactured type and 74 (70%) are site
built. There are no apartment complexes, duplexes, high or multiple floored living
quarters or commercial establishments in the Town. The total number of homes in Town
and the ETA is 193.
TABLE#5
Existing Land Use
Site Built Homes
Manufactured
Homes
Commercial or
Business Structures
In Town
64
24
19
In ETA
74
31
10
Total
138
55
29
Source: Cape Fear Council of Governments windshield survey in March 1995.
As previously mentioned, there is currently less commercial business in Town than
would be desirable to Town officials. It is recognized that through time the type of
commercial enterprise sought will be located within the Town. It is the desire of the
Town, for the intervening time, to work to continue to have a community which residents
can be proud of and which will subsequently be attractive to the investor or business
owner. A partial listing of the business establishments currently located in Town would
include: U.S. Post Office, Kopp's Kwik Stop, G & G's Motel, Waste Industries, Atlantic
19

Telephone Membership Corporation Substation, a Medical Office, Mercer Tractor Service
(since 1975), Bolivia Beauty Salon, Roberta's Beauty Salon, and Lesh's Insurance. The
ETA contains Knowles Nurseries, a Truck Line (a general trucking business), BP Gas
Station, Oree's Fast Food, United Carolina Bank, and a Bail Bondsman.
It is the opinion of Town residents that these businesses are the minimum necessary
to support the desired standard of living within the Bolivia area. Service establishments,
shopping facilities (grocery, pharmacy, etc.), and others are also desired.
There are 4 churches located in Town: Love of Christ, Apostolic, Baptist, and the
United Methodist.
The Town's 1989 Land Use Plan states "Bolivia land use consists primarily of
agricultural open space, wooded areas, and scattered residential parcels." This is still true.
In fact this statement is true in almost every small (not beach) Town in coastal North
Carolina. In the case of Bolivia, and all those other small communities, the truth is
changing. Those agricultural areas are shrinking. Houses are being built on those
wooded lots. Land formerly reserved for agricultural use is being transformed into
subdivisions. New houses are springing up and they cut into and through those "open
spaces." Roads are built which eventually, fundamentally, change the face of the
landscape as we now know it.
E. CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES AND REGULATIONS
=--1989 Sketch Land Use Plan
This Plan was prepared in 1989 with the technical assistance of a consulting
planner. The plan contains an existing land use map, a sketch summary of data collection
and analysis, policies for growth and development, and a land classification map. The
Plan was locally adopted on January 8, 1990, and adopted by the North Carolina Coastal
Resources Commission on March 30, 1990. The Plan has not been amended since
adoption.
=--Zoning Ordinance
According to the 1989 Land Use Plan, the initial Zoning Ordinance for the Town of
Bolivia was adopted in 1978. The Zoning Ordinance was revised through the legal
process described in the North Carolina General Statutes. The major revisions to this
previous Ordinance were adopted on November 11, 1994. The Zoning Administrator for
the Town of Bolivia is the Town Clerk.
20

rNuisance Ordinance
This Ordinance, adopted September 5, 1995, establishes that when it would be in
the best interest of the health, safety, and general welfare of the citizens of Bolivia the
Town may declare the following conditions nuisance and may dispense with these
situations by enforcement and abatement procedures outlined in the Ordinance. As
foI lows:
(A) The uncontrolled growth of noxious weeds or grass to height in excess of 24 inches causing
or threatening to cause a hazard detrimental to the public health or safety.
(B) Any accumulation of rubbish, trash, or junk causing or threatening to cause the
accumulation of stagnant water, or causing or threatening to cause the inhabitation therein
of rats, mice, snakes or vermin of any kind which is or may be dangerous or prejudicial to
the public health.
(C) Any accumulation of animal or vegetable matter that is offensive by virtue of odors or
vapors or by the inhabitance therein of rats, mice, snakes or vermin of any kind which is or
may be dangerous or prejudicial to the public health.
(D) The open storage of any abandoned ice box, refrigerator, stove, glass, building material,
building rubbish or similar items.
(E) Any condition detrimental to the public health which violates the rules and regulations of
the County Health Department.
=--Minimum Housing Code
The Town of Bolivia has in effect a Minimum Housing Code, which was prepared
in accordance with NC G.S. 160A-441, that declares that buildings which are unfit for
human habitation may be caused to be repaired or may be caused to be destroyed at the
expense of the owner of the property if the structure does not meet certain minimum
standards. This Ordinance was adopted September 5, 1995.
=—Federal Flood Insurance Program
The Town of Bolivia is a non -participant in the Federal Flood Insurance Program.
Sanctions have been in place since 1978. The sanctions incurred have meaning for the
Town to the extent that loans for homes or businesses which may wish to locate within
what has been identified as the Bolivia flood plain, which was last mapped in 1977, are
not available.
m-Subdivision Regulations
The Town of Bolivia has Subdivision Regulations which were adopted by the Town
in 1978. It is expected, at the time of this writing that the Town will begin work on
revised Subdivision Regulations in during early 1996.
21

Iw--Abandoned and Junked Vehicle Ordinance
On September 5, 1995, the Town of Bolivia adopted an Ordinance governing
abandoned and junked vehicles.
The Ordinance defines what constitutes a vehicle which has been abandoned, is derelict,
or junked. Procedures are laid out with this Ordinance by which vehicles determined to
be a hazard to the health and welfare of the people of the Town (in that such places may
furnish shelter and breeding places for vermin, and present physical dangers to the safety
iand well being of children and other citizens) may be disposed of and charges may be
made to the owner of the motor vehicle for the disposal of the vehicle.
=—State Transportation Improvement Plan
The North Carolina Department of Transportation's "Transportation Improvement
Plan" currently shows no major improvements which will impact the Town of Bolivia.
The recently completed U.S. Highway 17 By-pass has had a positive impact on the
development of the Town. This By-pass has assured that for the foreseeable future major
traffic associated with the U.S. Highway 17 corridor will not be negatively effecting
municipal growth.
=--Sign Ordinance
The Planning Board is currently working on a new draft Sign Ordinance. The draft
is expected to be complete in mid 1996. It is expected that this Ordinance will allow
Town officials to eliminate the old signage cluttering the Town. Additionally, new signage
will only be allowed subject to the terms of this Ordinance. It is expected that the
Ordinance will also help to achieve the desired goal of eliminating the unsightly clutter
which may be caused by too many unregulated signs.
w--Ordinance Creating a Planning Organization (Planning Board)
Most North Carolina Towns with any kind of land use regulation have a Planning
Board. Bolivia is true to this standard. The duties of the Planning Board are advisory. The
Board supervises the preparation of Land Use Plans (such as this document), special
studies, Ordinances, and recommends these plans, policies, studies, and Ordinances to
the Board of Aldermen .
The Planning Board in Bolivia was created by a local Ordinance dated May 3,
1993. This first Planning Board is governed by a set of Bylaws which define the following:
(1) Members and terms of office...
The Planning Board consists of 6 members. Five of the members are citizens and
1S residents of the Town and are appointed by the Town Board of Aldermen. One member
is a citizen and resident of the Extraterritorial Area and is appointed to the Board by the
1 22

Brunswick County Board of Commissioners. All new terms are by three year
appointment.
(2) Officers and duties...
The Planning Board elects its own officers at the regular meeting in July of each
year. The officers are: (a) Chairman —The Chairman presides over meetings and Public
Hearing of the Planning Board. The Chairman decides on matters of order and procedure.
The Chairman appoints Committees to study specific matters. The Chairman develops the
meeting agenda with assistance from the Zoning Administrator. The Chairman will also
provide the Town Board of Aldermen with an annual report by May 30 of each year.
(b) Vice -Chairman — In the absence of the Chairman, the Vice -Chairman performs the
duties assigned to the Chairman. (c) Secretary — The Secretary keeps the minutes of all
meetings (both regular and special) and hearings called by the Planning Board. The
Secretary, after conferring with the Chairman, sends notices of all meetings (special and
regular) at least 4 days in advance of the meeting and will call and notify members at least
24 hours in advance of special or emergency meetings. The Secretary also carries on
routine correspondence and maintains records and files.
(3) Meetings...
Regular meetings of the Planning Board are on the first Tuesday of each month.
Unless special notice is given by the Chairman all meetings begin at 7:30 p.m. and are
conducted at Town Hall. Special meetings may be called by the Chairman, or the Vice -
Chairman acting in the absence of the Chairman, provided that a minimum of 24 hours
notice is given to members. A quorum consists of 4 members. A vote by a majority of
those present (when a quorum is present) decides matters. Members are required to vote
unless excused by the Chairman. An abstention constitutes an affirmative vote.
Proceedings are conducted according to Robert's Rules of Order and the Chairman is the
final arbitrator on matters of procedure.
(4) Records retention...
All Planning Board records are to be made available to the public in accordance
with the requirements of the NC General Statutes. The Secretary maintains a file of all
studies, plans, reports, recommendations, minutes, and correspondence of the Planning
Board. The file is maintained at Town Hall.
rBoard of Adjustment
The Board of Adjustment has 3 basic responsibilities under North Carolina law.
(1) It interprets the Ordinance. This refers to the Board's function of hearing appeals from
those who may be unhappy with a decision of the Zoning Administrator.
(2) The Board of Adjustment may, under certain circumstances, grant variances to the Zoning
Ordinance.
(3) It may also (in some Towns) issue special use permits. (This 3rd provision is not applicable
to the Town of Bolivia.)
23

fl
1
fl
The Town Board of Aldermen serve as the Board of Adjustment in the Town of
Bolivia. A member is also selected from the Extraterritorial Area. This means the total size
of the Board of Adjustment is 6. (5 members from the Board of Aldermen and 1 from the
ETA.) One alternate member who is a resident of the Town of Bolivia is also appointed by
the Board. Officers of the Board are: Chairman, Vice -Chairman, and Secretary. The
terms of office for each officer are one year beginning July 1.
The Board of Adjustment does not hold regularly scheduled meetings. Meetings
are called as necessary and each member must be given 48 hours notice prior to the
meeting. Meetings are to be held as soon as possible after receiving the application for
appeal or hearing. Meetings should not be held more than 30 days after receipt of the
application. Meetings are held at Town Hall. A quorum consists of 4 members. A four -
fifths vote of the Board of Adjustment is required to overturn a decision or to grant a
variance.
Decisions from the Board of Adjustment are given no later than 30 days from the
date of the Hearing.
SECTION 2: CONSTRAINTS TO DEVELOPMENT
A. LAND SUITABILITY
The majority of Bolivia's planning jurisdiction is flat' with most variations in
elevation occurring adjacent streams, creeks, and branches. The vast majority of those flat
lands located within the Town of Bolivia and its ETA are suitable for development activity.
There are, however, freshwater swamps and marsh areas which are unsuitable for
development. These areas are generally located within the southern and eastern portions
of the ETA. Lands which are not suitable are those areas which are regulated by municipal
ordinance, County Ordinance, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. For the location of
the scattered wetland areas located within the Town's planning jurisdiction, a specific on -
site analysis must occur by a qualified wetlands consultant or the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers staff.
Since there is currently no sewer system available within the Town, all structures
must rely on septic systems. For a determination on the suitability of land for septic
systems, the Town relies on the Brunswick County Health Department. Where septic
systems will not currently operate, development activity is not possible without extreme
engineering assistance and permission from the regulatory branch of the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers.
9 Surface elevation is approximately 30 feet.
24

The following soils description comes from the 1989 Bolivia Land Use Plan. "Over
50% of the land area inside the corporate limits of Bolivia consists of (GoA) Goldsboro
fine sandy loam, (NoB) Norfolk loamy fine sand or (On) Onslow fine sandy loam which
are all considered prime farm land as defined in the Brunswick County Soil Survey dated
November 1986. Much of the land area located inside the ETA of Bolivia is also (GoA)
Goldsboro fine sandy loam or (Ly) Lynchburg fine sandy loam. The primary limitation to
development would be the (Mk) Muckalee loam soils located primarily along the
tributaries found on the southeastern and southwestern boundary of Bolivia. This soil type
occurs only in the southern portion of the ETA along Middle Swamp and Bolivia Branch."
There are areas which are subject to flood both within the Town and the ETA.
These areas have been designated a flood hazard area by the Federal Emergency
Management Agency. The FEMA maps were created in 1977. The Town has been on
FEMA sanctions since 1978. It is the current plan of municipal officials to have these
sanctions removed.
B. CARRYING CAPACITY
As we consider the suitability of the land within Bolivia's planning jurisdiction in
terms of its development potential, we first notice that there is a large amount of land
available. Most of this land is in private ownership in relatively large tracts. Much of this
land is suitable for development activity. Of the land that is not suitable, which is located
primarily within the southern ETA, the primary reason development potential is limited is
due to the existence of wetlands.
North Carolina has authority (through the federal Clean Water Act) to review
federally permitted wetland disturbances, which may in many cases be dredge and fill, to
be sure the activities do not damage the wetland to the point they no longer support their
designated use. The NC Division of Environmental Management (DEM) performs this
review, which is called a 401 Water Quality Certification10. Because of the limited
amount of water (streams, rivers, estuaries, etc.) in Bolivia wetlands certification for areas
next to water bodies is of limited utility.
10 There is a rule change under consideration by the NC Environmental Management
Commission which would extend water quality classifications to wetlands based on their values,
not just those adjacent water, and would clarify the procedure for water quality certification. All
CAMA permitted wetland disturbances require a 401 Certification.
25

The main types of important wetlands in Bolivia are freshwater marshes" and
seasonal wetlands.12 Savannas13 are also known to exist in the area. Section 404 of the
Clean Water Act enables State and federal agencies to regulate development activities
occurring in wetlands. The 401 (previously mentioned) and 404 programs require permits
before disturbing wetland areas. The NC Division of Coastal Management currently
reviews U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (404) permits issued, for projects over one-third of
an acre in size, for consistency with Coastal Management regulations and policies
contained in local Land Use Plans. The vast majority of permits requested are granted. It
'
is not the intent of this process to deny people the use of their land. The process gives
officials the opportunity to work with people, and in some cases to modify projects, to
lessen impacts on wetlands.
The ability of lands (within the Town and ETA) to support development is
essentially untapped. There is much land available, which is suitable for development
activity of a variety of types (residential and commercial) and which will one day be
developed. There have been no new subdivisions in Town since the time of the last Land
Use Plan 0 989).
SECTION 3: ESTIMATED DEMAND
A. WATER
The municipal water system for the Town of Bolivia was constructed in 1970.
Review of the summary of low bidders14 indicates the total cost to have been $70,680.80.
" These are perhaps the most familiar type of freshwater wetland. They vary from the
roadside ditch with cattails to the edges of vast lakes, ponds, and rivers. Beavers are wetland
engineers and are sometimes instrumental in creating this marshy habitat. Fresh water wetlands
are important habitat areas.
t2 These wetlands fill with winter rains and generally dry out during summer and fall. They
are as ordinary as a puddle in the backyard and yet they are also critical, especially as breeding
habitat, for a wide variety of important species of animals. Since these seasonal wetlands are
often smaller than one acre, they are not well protected by existing regulations.
13 Often found in the NC coastal plain next to pocosins, savannas are unusually diverse
habitat and support as many as 52 plant species per square meter. These are open, flat grassy
areas with little other vegetative cover other than an occasional long leaf pine. The areas where
they meet a pocosin are known as ecotones and these areas often contain the Venus flytrap and
jrough
-leaf loosestrife. The endangered red -cockaded woodpecker also lives in savannas because
it prefers old growth pines.
14 Summary of low bidders:
Herring-Rivenbark, Inc., Kinston, NC Water Distribution System
26

The Town has paid for this system through the sale of bonds (which are still being paid
off). The Town's 0 970) well (well #1)is located on a one acre lot to the south and east of
the Town Hall. In 1982 another well (well #2) was constructed15 in the same vicinity.
The Town is reported to have a good supply of groundwater available.
Conversations with Department of Environment, Health & Natural Resources stafft6
indicate the source of supply is the Pee Dee aquifer. The Pee Dee aquifer is reported to
be near the surface at Bolivia. The wells for the Town are deep, at approximately 160
feet, and supply a large quantity of good water. The water is hard, with a high iron
content, and at times contains hydrogen sulfide, which is not dangerous but sometimes
causes a peculiar odor.
The system has a 60,000 gallon water storage tank located on one acre at the site of
well #1. The water lines belong to the Town and they have approximately 4.5 to 5 miles
of line serving 82 customers in Town and 12 within the ETA. With 193 homes within the
Town and ETA and 29 commercial businesses (Town and ETA), the Town is therefore
serving 42% of these potential customers. All customers which are not currently served
by the municipal system are served by private wells. The Town has recently lost its largest
customer, which was Brunswick County (the County government complex), and has no
current plans for system expansion.
The average monthly residential water bill, for the 12 month period ending August 1995,
is $14.31. Only 25% of residential and commercial meters in Town operated 18 months
ago (around spring 1994). No figures on water consumption are therefore available. The
meters at well head were also broken. All meters, residential, commercial, and public,
have now been repaired with the exception of 2 customers. These 2 are charged a flat
fee.
There is adequate municipal water available for the growth anticipated during the
planning period. Growth should occur along existing water lines or should be prepared to
connect to public water service if such is desired.
S. M. Cozart Construction Company, Wilson, NC Pump House t
S. M. Cozart Construction Company, Wilson, NC Tank Foundations
James A. Dobbins, Spring Lake, NC Pumping Equipment
Carolina Well & Pump Company, Sanford, NC Water Well
Chicago Bridge & Iron Company, Atlanta, GA 60,000 Gallon Elevated Water Tank
15 Well #2 was constructed in 1982 by Skipper Well Drilling and Pump Service for a cost of
approximately $14,995.
16 Public Water Supply and Groundwater Sections, Wilmington Regional Office, supplied
information for this Land Use Plan.
27

IB. SEWER
' There are no public or private sewage treatment systems in operation in the Town.
All homes and businesses are on private septic systems. There are currently no plans for
the construction of any sewage treatment systems. Limitations for development and
construction activity are discussed under the LUP section entitled Land Suitability. It is
important for potential investors and builders to note that there are scattered pockets of
wetlands within the Bolivia area. Wetlands surveys and consultation with the Brunswick
' County Health Department are advised.
C. LEVEL OF USE FOR SCHOOLS, ROADS, & HOSPITALS
Schools
Public school students in Bolivia attend the following schools:
Grades K-5 — attend Bolivia Elementary School". This school was originally
built in 1927. The school currently has 640 students. The building was designed to hold
500 -550 pupils and serves the current number with the assistance of 4 mobile classrooms.
They are at 78-85% of capacity. The school is located in Bolivia, on Ocean Highway
(U.S. Highway 17 Business), adjacent Town Hall.
Grades 6-8 — — attend South Brunswick Middle School18. The school has 733
children currently enrolled. They have a design capacity of 640 students and currently
' have 4 mobile classrooms in use. The are at 114% of capacity. The school is located on
Hoover Drive, off Highway 211, approximately 2 miles south of Boiling Spring Lakes.
Grades 9-12 --- — attend South Brunswick High School19. The school has 787
students enrolled. They have a design capacity of 1,000 students and have been recently
refurbished and received additions. The are operating at 78% of capacity. The school is
' located on Hoover Drive, off Highway 211, approximately 2 miles south of Boiling Spring
Lakes.
It is expected that the growth of Bolivia and the tremendous growth of Brunswick
County will continue to put pressure on the County schools to expand services. This will
be a costly undertaking. As indicated in the preceding paragraphs, South Brunswick
" The telephone number is 1-910-253-6516.
18 The telephone number is 1-910-845-2771.
19 The telephone number is 1-910-845-2203.
1 28

Middle School is the only school serving Bolivia which is currently operating in excess of
design capacity. The Town recognizes the importance of basic and advanced educational
opportunities as an important means of enhancing life for future generations. The Town
will work closely with the Brunswick County Board of Education and the County Schools
system to coordinate plans and to achieve concurrent growth in educational opportunity
along with growth in population.
It is expected that during the planning period additional Brunswick County schools
will be needed. The Town wishes to work with County education officials on the location
of these schools. The Town also wishes to work with the local school on any plans for
expansion. Town officials, with their experience on matters related to planning and
zoning, have much to offer the school system in terms of their expertise an do here freely
offer to participate in whatever manner would be most helpful. Future school sites in the
Town of Bolivia would be welcomed.
Roads
The Town of Bolivia received $8,730.17 in Powell Bill Funds during fiscal year
1995. These funds are allocated according to a formula based upon population and the
miles of Town owned and maintained roads. The amount of these funds varies, from year
to year, based on changes in these criteria20 by other municipalities, by changes in Bolivia
and, importantly, by changes in the amount of dollars available. The funds were used by
the Town in FY 95 to clean out ditches and to clean street rights of way. There are
currently some municipally owned roads which have need of repair. Priorities for road
repair are decided upon yearly.
There is not currently a traffic congestion problem in Bolivia. This is a rather
dramatic change from the last Land Use Plan Update. In 1989, U. S. Highway 17 traffic
was all routed through Town. With the opening of U. S. Highway 17 By-pass in 1992,
busy travelers rushing through Town and the concomitant congestion are relieved. The
Town is gratified by this change and appreciates the quiet and more relaxed pace of main
street.21
NIC Department of Transportation (DOT) traffic counts within Bolivia's planning
jurisdiction are not thorough or comprehensive. The last area counts were in 1994. For
some reason, the counts at this time did not include the number of vehicles using the By-
21 Population changes by annexation, migration, and natural increase/decrease. The miles of
road change (for example) through the construction of new roads (in new subdivisions) or with
road closings.
2' Everyone now in Bolivia chose to be there. Nobody drives through accidentally.
29 1

pass22. The number of vehicles using Highway 17 Business south of Bolivia (near the
intersection with S.R. 1513) in 1994 was 3,500 per day. The number along Highway 17
' Business in Town in 1994 was given at 2,800 per day.23
Determining capacities for roadways24 is a tricky business. Under ideal
' circumstances a two lane road can carry 2,800 vehicles per hour (1,400 each direction at
60 mph). Under ideal circumstances a four lane road can carry 2,000 per hour per lane
(4,000 per lane per side at 60 mph). Ideal circumstances are, of course, rare. Any side
' interference makes matters worse. Any drivers who do not drive a steady speed make
matters worse and any drivers who do not drive the "ideal" speed make matters worse.
' The Town of Bolivia is fully aware of the traffic situation within and around the
Town. The Town believes the recent improvements will be important for the future of the
Town. The Town will work with. NC DOT officials on any future improvements. Review
of the Transportation Improvement Program for 1995 indicates that there are no current
plans for additional improvements in the area of Bolivia. There are also none in the
vicinity of Town which are believed to be a cause for concern. The Town is interested in
an extension to Midway Road which will bridge the intracoastal waterway and lead onto
Long Beach. The Town in favor of this improvement. As improvements become
necessary in the vicinity of Bolivia, the Town will play a role in planning the new
roadways.
Hospitals
The closest full service medical facility to Bolivia is The Brunswick Hospital. It was
built in 1978. This former County Hospital is now in private ownership. (Owned as of
1995 by Columbia HCA (Hospital Corporation of America), which is headquartered in
Nashville, Tennessee.) This is a 60 bed hospital serving (primarily) Brunswick County.
' The Brunswick Hospital has 2 operating rooms and a staff of 15 doctors. If a patient is
found to be very ill, beyond the ability of The Brunswick Hospital to serve, the patient is
transported via Vital -ink to New Hanover Regional Medical Center or, depending on the
' emergency, by helicopter to other medical facilities.
The Bolivia Medical Center is located within the Town limits. This medical facility
is affiliated with the Brunswick Hospital. The Medical Center is staffed by three doctors
(Dr. Bernard Langston, M.D., Dr. Babysardjah Ravindran, M.D., Dr. Wesley Johnson,
22
The lack of available figures was confirmed by the NC DOT Traffic Survey Office (1-919-
733-3915) and the Division 3 Office ([phone]).
23 1994 NC DOT Traffic Survey Office counts, [phone].
" Capacities information received from the NC DOT Traffic Engineering Office (1-919-733-
3915), via the federal Highway Cal2aciManual.
30

M.D.) and one physician's assistant (Kim Mallick, P.A.). The facility staff sees patients by
appointment. Walk-in traffic is accepted if scheduling permits. The Center sees 30 - 50
patients daily.
New Hanover Regional Medical Center is the second closest hospital for area residents.
D. POPULATION AND ECONOMY
The current population of Bolivia is believed to be 271 persons. This figure is
based on numbers received from the NC Office of State Planning (257 for 1993) and a
growth rate within Bolivia over the last two years occurring at the same rate as the County
as a whole. (This figure is believed to be supportable in review of Town permits issued
recently.) The projected 10 year population at the same rate as the County is 328 persons.
The 20 year projection at this same rate is 380 persons. Please see Attachment F for
additional information on these predictions. The Town has the availability of suitable land
and services available to serve this projected growth.
There has been no real growth in the business community in Bolivia since the
production of the last Land Use Plan Update. There have been several businesses which
have changed hands, a couple which have closed and a few which have opened. None of
this activity has been to the extent that a trend could be established. It is expected that the
County will continue to grow. The Town will also grow at a pace which is a bit slower
that the County. As this population growth continues more business growth will also
occur. Town officials believe Bolivia will be the target of some of the economic growth.
The Town will welcome business activity.
E. SEASONAL POPULATION
There is no anticipated growth expected within the planning period which will
cause seasonal population to swell to the extent that it will become an important planning
concern for the Town of Bolivia.
F. LOCAL OBJECTIVES CONCERNING GROWTH
The Town of Bolivia wishes to continue to grow. Town officials believe the Town
occupies an enviable location. The Town is located off of a four lane major highway
which is the main north -south transportation corridor east of Interstate 95. The Town is
located 20 minutes from a major metropolitan area (Wilmington) and 40 minutes north of
a major resort area (Myrtle Beach). According to the NC Office of State Planning, the
Town of Bolivia is located within one of the fastest growing Counties in North Carolina.
31

IBolivia's elected and appointed officials believe all of these factors mean future
growth. The Town takes a realistic view of such possibilities. The Town has not grown
dramatically within the last 20 years. In fact, there has been a decline within this period.
The current statistics and projections seem to predict a rebounding and a return to a
period of growth.
Population figures from the State show slow but predictably steady growth over a
20 year period. As more people choose to locate within the Town of Bolivia, more
businesses will begin to choose the location.
This is not a Town which has lost its charm. The lack of growth, at the accelerated
pace of the rest of those already developed areas around the County, has passed Bolivia by
and has left them strongly rooted in the past yet looking to the future. The small Town
charm is not gone. The Town has planning tools in place which will allow future growth
to be controlled and which will enhance the best of the Town's remaining features. The
Town of Bolivia is poised on the brink of a new future. The objective is growth. The
growth expected will be slow, yet steady, and will gradually fill in around Town, and
around the ETA with residential growth. Some agricultural growth is also possible. The
commercial area is within the center of the Town and this area will be kept open for
commercial type uses by the Zoning Ordinance. It is the desire of Town officials to
accommodate growth.
DEVELOPMENT
SECTION 4: POLICIES FOR GROWTH &
A. RESOURCE PROTECTION
(a) Constraints to Development
'
The Town of Bolivia has a tremendous land area currently in open and
undeveloped use. These lands are a great asset for the community and are waiting and
iavailable
for environmentally sound development activity. It is recognized by Town
officials that there are certain limitations to development which occur naturally and the
areas which contain these limitations are avoided by the wise developer. Under certain
development in areas with constraints may be possible. Any
limited conditions, activity
development should always happen so as to avoid creating problems to neighboring
property owners or future owners of the property being developed. Cultural artifacts and
'
environmental species which are irreplaceable or limited in number should always be
protected.
It is the policy of the Town of Bolivia to to supprt federal programs which issue
permits for wetlands development. The federal programs to protect wetlands areas are
fully supported by the Town. To the extent possible the areas which area identified as
32

having soils which are currently unsuitable for development, primarily those areas of the
ETA to the southwest and southeast of the Town, are identified as Agriculture/Forestry
areas within the Town's Zoning Ordinance. This Ordinance provides for limited use of
these areas.
The Town has no current plans for the development of a sewer system. It is,
however, believed by Town officials that one day a sewer system will be possible. When
that day arrives, the Town's policy on development of areas where soils are currently
unsuitable will be reevaluated. The primary means of handling sewerage in the Town of
Bolivia is by septic tank. Until public sewerage becomes available, the continued use of
septic systems within the Town's planning jurisdiction is supported by Town officials. The
policy of the Town is to allow development activity in areas where soils will support the
activity, and where such activity is consistent with federal, local and State regulations. The
Town will continue to work with the Brunswick County Public Health Department to
identify those areas which are suitable for septic systems.
There are areas within the Town's ETA which are prone to flooding during severe
storm events. Shallow flooding along tributaries and streams such as Middle Swamp, Big
Bay Branch, and Clearing Branch is possible. In 1977, the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) prepared maps which show the flood hazard areas along
these branches and tributaries. According to the 1989 Land Use Plan approximately 10
houses were located within the 100-year flood plain. This is consistent with the current
count. (There are no more homes in this area.) It is the policy of the Town of Bolivia to
limit development within those areas which are subject to flood. The implementation of
this policy is through the negotiation and agreement reached with the Subdivision
Regulations approval process.
The Town is currently operating under FEMA sanctions. Federal Flood Insurance is
not available within the Town. Though only a limited portion of the land area under
Bolivia's planning jurisdiction would fit into this category, it is the desire of Town officials
to have these sanctions removed and to reach an agreement with the agency (FEMA) by
which citizens and property owners within the Town and its ETA might better protect their
property in an emergency by purchasing flood insurance. Effects of non -participation
include:
(1) Federal flood insurance is not available.
(2) No federal grants or loans for buildings may be made in identified flood hazard areas.
(Includes all federal agencies (HUD, EPA, SBA, HHR, etc.).
(3) No federal disaster assistance may be provided in identified flood hazard areas for
permanent restorative construction and grants.
(4) No federal mortgage insurance may be provided in identified flood hazard areas.
(This includes FHA, VA, etc.)
It is recognized that the federal loans and guarantees which are not available as a
result of having FEMA sanctions in place since 1977, may have caused decisions to have
33

been made by investors which would have otherwise benefitted the Town. Bolivia
officials will look into joining the National Flood Insurance Program and the subsequent
removal of these sanctions.
(b) Areas of Environmental Concern
iThe
Coastal Resources Commission (CRC) calls for the identification of important
land and water areas judged to be of greater than local significance. These areas are
known as Areas of Environmental Concern. The CRC in cooperation with local
governments has developed a permitting program for development activity in Areas of
Environmental Concern. The intent is not to stop development, but to insure the
compatibility of development with the continued productivity and value of certain critical
land and water areas.
There are no Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC's) within the planning
jurisdiction of the Town of Bolivia. The Board of Aldermen recognize the importance of a
clean environment and support the protection of those special areas of our coast which
have received this designation (AEC's) by the Coastal Resources Commission. It is
recognized that not all AEC's are strictly coastal. Areas of natural significance, water
supply watersheds, and areas which have historic or archaeologic importance are also
'
suitable for inclusion as an AEC according to the designation criteria. (These criteria are in
Subchapter 7H, of Chapter 15A, of the North Carolina Administrative Code, and are
available at the Wilmington, NC, Division of Coastal Management Office.) Unfortunately,
'
it is not known at this time that any areas exist within the Town of Bolivia which would
call for this special designation. Town officials support the NC Coastal Management
program and are willing to help in whatever manner possible with the continuation of the
work of this important agency.
r(c) Development in Proximity to Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW's)
As a means of support for the continuation of a strong commercial fishing industry
' within Brunswick County, the Town of Bolivia supports protection of the ORW areas
within coastal North Carolina (both in and out of the County) by favoring limited
development adjacent to these waters. The Town's policy on development in and around
streams and tributaries within the Bolivia area mirrors this concern. Dense or noxious
industrial, commercial, or residential development activity around these sensitive natural
features is discouraged by the negotiated agreements possible through the Subdivision
' Regulations review process. The Town of Bolivia supports ORW designation for any
appropriate water bodies in Brunswick County.
i
34

(d) Fragile Land Areas
(1) Freshwater Swamps and Marshes
There are freshwater swamps and marsh areas within the Town of Bolivia's
planning jurisdiction. For the most part, these areas are located within the
southern and eastern portions of the ETA. Development activity in these
areas must be consistent with the current federal rules and regulations
governing wetlands development activity. This area is also subject to the
restrictions imposed by the Town's Zoning Ordinance. The Brunswick
County Health Department is responsible for the determination of whether
or not a septic tank permit will be issued. It is the policy of the Town that
development activity (including roads) is discouraged in swamps, marshes,
and wetlands. This policy is reflected in the Zoning Ordinance.
(2) Manmade Hazard Areas
The Town of Bolivia is located approximately 11 miles from the CP&L
nuclear power plant. The Town does not consider the location of this plant
to be of great concern on a day -today basis. In reality, and in a case of
extreme emergency, it is recognized that this proximity may have
implications for the Town. The Town accepts assurances from the U. S.
Department of Energy, and the County and State Departments of Emergency
Management that the plant is safe. Accordingly, Town planning will not be
governed by the location of this plant. The Town is not a part of the
evacuation route and Bolivia would only be evacuated in case of extreme
emergency. The Board of Aldermen will review any proposals for plant
expansion which seem to have implications for the Town. The policy of the
Town is to encourage expansion of this facility. Any CP&L proposals
concerning this plant should have mutual agreement and consent from the
NC Utilities Commission, the County, and those municipalities located
therein.
The Sunny Point Military Depot is not recognized as a hazard. (The
transportation of hazardous materials to and from this facility is a Brunswick
County concern.) There are no airports, no chemical storage areas, no
industrial, or industrial type manufacturing concerns producing hazardous
products or by-products in the area. There are no other known manmade
hazards either in or around the Town of Bolivia. It is the policy of the Town
to promote clean industry. It is the policy of the Town to oppose hazardous
and noxious or dangerous facilities by Zoning and the Land Use Plan
consistency provisions provided for in State law. Those who wish to locate
industry in the Town's planning jurisdiction would be wise to first consult
Town officials.
35

1 (3) Archaeologic or Historic Areas
' Correspondence from the NC Division of Archives & History, dated
September 1995, says there are no known archaeologic or historic sites
known to exist within Bolivia's planning jurisdiction. The area has not been
' surveyed. It is the policy of the Town to preserve historic properties. The
Town recognizes its heritage. Town officials wish to preserve the best of the
past and not rush into the future without careful consideration.
' Development activity which would negatively effect historic or archaeologic
resources will be considered in light of the ways these resources may be
preserved or protected. Any outright destruction or elimination of a
resource of this type is prohibited by State law, common sense, and Town of
Bolivia policy.
(4) Prime Farmland
Over 50% of the land area inside Bolivia's corporate limits consists of prime
farmland. (These areas are as defined in the Brunswick County Soil Survey
dated November, 1986.) As these areas are also suitable for development
and as the Town wishes to grow, it is the policy of the Town that these areas
be carefully developed. Town officials recognized that much of the
community's charm is associated with the rural background and the quiet
slow pace of life enjoyed by all residents. Development will be consistent
' with the requirements of the Town's Zoning Ordinance.
(5) Wildlife Habitat Areas
There are no publicly owned wildlife areas within the Town of Bolivia's
planning jurisdiction. There are also no NC Gamelands areas, designated by
the NC Wildlife Resources Commission, within the Town. There are no
'
known private wildlife sanctuaries within the Town of Bolivia or its
environs. There are, however, extensive wooded areas which are known to
contain a wide variety of flora and fauna which are indigenous to the area.
'
It is Town policy to support and protect wildlife. Areas which are
designated, and which are a suitable environment for wildlife, shall be
supported by the Town. Areas which are privately owned shall be the
responsibility of the owner. (Zoos are not allowed by the Zoning
Ordinance.) The Town envisions no circumstance, besides possible gift or
inheritance (which would be accepted), whereby the Town would become
'
the owner of a large tract suitable for wildlife habitat on a large scale. Land
lying fallow, whether it be woodland or field (and not being used for storage
of any type), is completely consistent with Town policy and is supported.
Any unused land which may be donated for public purposes to the Town,
the State, or to a Land Trust, would be consistent with Town policy intent.
A
36

(e) Hurricane & Flood Evacuation Needs & Plans I
The Bolivia Board of Aldermen support the Brunswick County Emergency '
Management Department's Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery & Evacuation
Plan for Hurricane and Flood Evacuation Plan. A complete copy of this Plan is available
from the County Emergency Management Office. (Town policy is listed below.) '
It is the policy of the Town to:
—Discourage high intensity uses and large structures from being constructed within the '
100-year flood plain, erosion prone areas, and other areas susceptible to hurricane and
other storm event flooding.
—Consider purchasing parcels located within hazard areas or rendered unbuildable b
P gP Y
storms or other events for the purpose of recreation. Developers may also be required to
provide such properties as open space under circumstances related to the issuance of a
conditional use permit or under circumstances related to the subdivision of land.
—Continue to enforce the NC Building Code, particularly those provisions which require '
construction standards to meet wind resistive factors (i.e., design, wind velocity).
—Encourage the placement of utilities underground for all new development.
(f) Protection of Potable Water ,
Water is provided to the Town of Bolivia via a municipal system. Town residents
therefore use a large quantity of local groundwater for human consumption. Town '
officials are concerned about the protection of the potable water supply. The Town fully
supports the Division of Environmental Management's (DEM) rules regarding development
activity near groundwater source areas. Town policy is to enhance the protection of these
areas and to provide for groundwater recharge areas consistent with DEM's rules and the
Zoning Ordinance. Any industry wishing to locate within the Town of Bolivia will be
studied to ascertain the possible impacts the industry may have on groundwater resources. ,
(g) Use of Package Treatment Plants
The Town of Bolivia will support the construction and use of package treatment
plants which are approved and permitted by the NC Division of Environmental '
Management. If any package treatment plants are approved, the Town will support
through its Subdivision Regulations creation of a specific contingency plan requiring and
specifying how ongoing private operation and maintenance of the plant will be provided.
Details providing for assumption of the plant into a public system at a later date (and
alternatives to consider should the operation fail) are also required and will be carefully
analyzed before subdivision approval is given. I
37

(h) Stormwater Runoff
' The Town of Bolivia is located in close proximity to wetlands associated with the
Cape Fear River. Because of this location, and as a result of the rural character of present
day Town life, Town residents recognize the value of water quality maintenance.
Ecologically fragile and sensitive areas are recognized by elected officials, appointed
officials, and residents as areas which should be protected. The Town supports state
(EMC) regulations regarding stormwater runoff resulting from development activity.
' The flooding of roads in the Town following a rain event has become a situation
that must be dealt with immediately. The runoff associated with storms has made road
conditions, particularly conditions on those unpaved minor roads through local
neighborhoods, dangerous. The subdivision review process in the Town of Bolivia
includes careful consideration of stormwater plans for lots and roads. NC Department of
' Transportation officials will be consulted on all future public road projects.
' When it becomes financially feasible, the Town of Bolivia will create a master
drainage plan as a means of flood reduction and to improve safety and environmental
conditions. The Town wishes to apply for any available grant funds to create a drainage
plan which will serve as a planning tool for the Town. With a plan in place, future land
use decisions will be made in a well thought out manner.
'
(i) Industrial Impacts
Town policy on industrial impacts on the natural environment indicate these
'
impacts should be minimal. Industrial development that complies with the standards of
the Town of Bolivia Zoning Ordinance is acceptable within the Town limits. It is the
policy of the Town that industrial development should first be clean and should provide
jobs to local residents. Any economic development activity in Brunswick County is,
generally, favored by the Town. The Town will work with and promote success for the
Leland Industrial Park, Federal Paper, Dupont, CP & L, and other area job creating entities.
locating
Bolivia officials believe that the positive synergy achieved through the successful
of one industry in the area is a success that may be capitalized upon by others wishing to
have industry locate in their vicinity. The Town will work with the Brunswick County
Economic Development Office, the Cape Fear Council of Governments, the NC
Department of Commerce, area Chambers of Commerce, Committees of 100, and the
Southeastern North Carolina Economic Development Commission on the recruitment and
'
the location of industry in Bolivia.
Any industry that may be harmful to the human population through the possible
pollution of air, land or water will be reviewed carefully before being allowed to locate
within the Town. The Town plans to amend the Zoning Ordinance to allow certain types
38
a

of industry only as a special use. The special use conditions imposed will, in each case, '
be the means of protection the Town will provide for its residents.
B. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT '
(a) Productive Agricultural Lands
'
A review of the Brunswick County Soils Survey shows that the Town of Bolivia
contains a substantial amount of those soils that can be characterized as prime farmland.
'
These soils are also suitable for residential, commercial, or possible industrial type
development activity. There are few farms in operation within the Town of Bolivia's
planning jurisdiction. The Town wishes to preserve the quiet, bucolic, and pastoral,
scenic rural character that the existence of the few farms in operation give to the area. The
Town welcomes the visual relief and open spaces this type of operation provides residents
of the municipality. It is therefore the policy of the Town of Bolivia that agricultural uses
of land within the town will not be discouraged. The uninhibited widespread use of
substances (i.e., pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers) which pose a threat (or which may
pose a threat) to human health are discouraged. The storage of these substances within
'
areas where no danger to the human population is created is suggested and will be
required, as possible, through existing State and federal regulation, the Town's Zoning
Ordinance (and through the social stigma attached to those activities which are known to
be dangerous to neighbors).
'
Continued agricultural use of the Town's remaining farmland is anticipated and
encouraged within the planning period. Certain agricultural type operations are
discouraged by policy of the Town of Bolivia. These operations include agriculture -
livestock type operations where many animals are confined together and raised for sale to
meat processing and manufacturing concerns. The agriculture -livestock limitations do not
apply to any animals ordinarily considered pets (dogs, cats, birds, pot-bellied pigs, etc.)
Any requests for new agricultural type operations will be considered in light of this policy.
The means of enforcement for this policy will be the Zoning Ordinance.
'
(b) Commercial Forest Lands
The Town has much open and forested land available. It is the policy of the Town
to support the efficient planting and harvesting of commercial forest lands. These forest
lands should be located in upland areas or in areas away from rivers, creeks, branches, or
tributaries. Harvesting of timber near waters will be discouraged to protect water quality.
Prior to harvesting, planting, or clearing in wetlands, commercial forestry
operations must have a wetlands survey. This activity is regulated by the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers. An on -site evaluation of the wetlands resource is required, as a means of
39 1

assessment and possible damage mitigation, and must be done by a qualified consultant or
a representative of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers.
' Commercial forestry operations are permitted in the Town of Bolivia only within
the areas defined as Agriculture/Forestry within the Zoning Ordinance.
(c) Existing & Potential Mineral Production Areas
There are no existing mineral production areas within the Town of Bolivia.
There are also no areas known to have potential for mineral production. It is not expected
that mineral production areas will be discovered. It is the policy of the Town to prohibit
' such operations within the Town's planning jurisdiction.
' (d) Commercial & Recreational Fisheries
The Town of Bolivia has no commercial fishing or fish processing operations
' located within the Town's planning jurisdiction. The City also has no recreational fishing
resources available. Town residents, of course, recognize the importance of the fisheries
resource to the County. It is the policy of the Town of Bolivia to work with other regional
interests to maintain or improve the quality of water and the abundance of the fisheries
resource available to area residents and visitors.
'
(e) Off -Road Vehicles
Off -road vehicles are owned by many residents of the Bolivia area as a means of
'
assistance to perform work tasks associated with employment. These and other residents
also own and enjoy these vehicles for personal tasks associated with the pleasant rural
lifestyle enjoyed by residents. The vehicles are also enjoyed for recreational pursuits. It is
rthe
policy of the Town of Bolivia to allow private property owners and their friends,
visitors, acquaintances, and other persons to whom they may have given permission, to
'
enjoy freely the ability to use any portion of that private property available and to enjoy
by means and to the maximum extent possible. The ability
that same property whatever
of one person to enjoy full use of his or her property does not extend to the point where
another person's right to enjoy their property is infringed upon. Consequently, the Town
'
has the authority, and will exercise the authority, through its police powers, to abate
nuisance noises and health hazards. The Town also does not encourage and will not
condone the wanton destruction of any vegetation which may be or which may contain
'
threatened or endangered species. It is the policy of the Town to not allow off -road
vehicle use that would cause erosion or substantial damage to land forms. This policy on
off -road vehicles is not pertinent to public works projects or emergency vehicles. The
regulate off -
Town proposes to include provisions in the Nuisance Ordinance which will
road vehicle activity.
1 40

(fl Residential, Commercial, & Industrial Land Development Impacts
Town policy is to encourage future growth to occur in an orderly manner. It is the
intention of Town officials that development impacts on the environment be negligible
and that the impacts of all development take into consideration those factors which will
enhance the quiet, rural character and quality of life enjoyed by residents.
Residential development will be encouraged to occur in a manner which will not
overload traffic conditions. Subdivision Regulations and the Zoning Ordinance will be the
means of implementing this policy. The development of new streets and roads as a part of
the residential growth process will be carefully studied before a new subdivision is
approved. Utilities provisions required as a part of the Ordinance will be revised, as
necessary, to require future (or potential) residents the opportunity to enjoy those same
qualities which have made Bolivia such an attractive place and which served to draw the
new residential development to the Town.
Commercial develop is currently desired by Town officials. The Town wishes
to work with business owners, recruiters, and interested parties who may be engaged in
the process of finding a place to locate business in the Town. The commercial district,
which is located along old U. S. Highway 17, is currently zoned commercial (C-3) and is
open and available for a wide variety and type of commercial activity. The Town is
especially interested in retail pharmacy and grocery operations. Commercial activity
which would add to the economic base of the Town would be welcomed by Town
officials provided that the activity is environmentally safe, clean, and consistent with
current State, federal, and local regulatory requirements. Development activity which
would be harmful to the property values or quality of life of those residents already
established is discouraged. Compatibility of proposed development with the current
pattern of development (already established) is desired. It is the policy of the Town to
encourage environmentally safe commercial development. All development must be
consistent with the Zoning Ordinance.
Industrial development policy in the Town of Bolivia encourages industry to locate
away from those areas where residential development has occurred in the past. There is
much open and available land within the extraterritorial area which would be suitable for
industry. Town policy is to encourage industrial development activity within the
extraterritorial area. Industrial development should be of a type which is compatible with
residential development which may occur in relatively close proximity to the industry.
Industrial development which has water intensive requirements should be located away
from current and future municipal groundwater source supply areas. Industrial
development should be located, in all cases, in such a way as to avoid the use of
residential or commercial streets by industrial type traffic.
41

Commercial or industrial developers shopping for a location should contact Town
officials at their earliest convenience to discuss possible incentives for locating in Town.
(g) Peat or Phosphate Mining's Impacts
The mining of peat or phosphate within the planning jurisdiction of the Town of
Bolivia is prohibited. It is extremely unlikely that any commercial quality deposits of these
products exist in the area. Other types of "mining" are more likely. As mining operations
are generally unpleasant to the persons living in an area and as there are currently no
mines in the Bolivia area, it is the policy of the Town to oppose any large scale mining
operations requesting to locate within the municipal boundary. The Town also wishes to
go on record opposing any mining operations which may wish to locate in Brunswick
County near the Town of Bolivia. The Town will work with the County to oppose such
operations. The means of enforcement for this policy is the Zoning Ordinance.
C. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
(a) Type of Development to be Encouraged
The Town of Bolivia encourages continued residential growth. Furthermore, the
Town wishes residential growth to continue at an accelerated pace. The policy of the
Town is to encourage residential growth. The regulations which will govern this growth
will be the Zoning Ordinance and the Subdivision Regulations.
'
The Town of Bolivia encourages commercial growth. It will be the policy of the
Town to work with and to encourage commercial activity which is consistent with current
development patterns and which will provide jobs, make retail type amenities available to
'
residents, and provide for convenient shopping opportunities. It is the policy of the Town
to encourage clean and quiet commercial type development. Any other development
activity will be carefully considered. Any commercial facility which will in the future
installed
wish to dispense gasoline within the Town of Bolivia must have gasoline tanks
safely and in accordance with the regulations of the NC Division of Environmental
Management, Groundwater Section, so as to further insure the safety of residents through
the purity of the groundwater resource. The local means of implementing this policy will
be through the Zoning Ordinance.
' Industrial development is encouraged within the Town in appropriate locations.
The most appropriate areas for the conventional type "industry" are within the
extraterritorial area. Other types of less resource intensive users may be located closer to
the center of the community. Large stacks spewing voluminous amounts of smoke, large
amounts of traffic bothering residents at all hours and traffic using up the road (through the
rough treatment given by large, heavy trucks) in this quiet community is not envisioned
1 42
11

and will not be approved. Manufacturing concerns are generally felt to be desirable.
Large agricultural -livestock type operations are not permitted. Large agricultural -vegetative
type users are only allowed within the extraterritorial area.
Town policy on farming, within the extraterritorial area, is to promote such activity.
Town officials discourage the use of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers in areas close to
any Town or community well systems. Town officials also wish to note that runoff into
streams from farming activity has been recognized as a problem within the State and the
Town strongly encourages the use of best management practices, as recognized and
promoted by the NC Division of Environmental Management, as the most desirable means
of protection. The Town also supports the erosion control policies of the NC Division of
Land Quality and the wetland protection rules and regulations administered and enforced
by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The Town wishes to go on record as supporting
Zoning regulations as the means by which to control the location of farming activity
within any municipalities planning jurisdiction.
(b) Type and Location of Industry Desired
The Town, by policy, encourages industry which will allow the Town to keep the
small Town character that long-term residents of Bolivia have come to enjoy. Industries
which create a significant amount of pollution (smoke, dust, glare, noise, vibrations, etc.)
are discouraged and should not locate in Bolivia. This includes (but is not limited to)
swine and cattle, steel mills, electric power plants, paper manufacturing plants, chemical
companies, mining operations, explosives companies and others.
Desirable industry would be a big boost to the Town and the Town wishes to
explore the possibilities for this type of development with any parties who have an interest
in the location. The Town will work both on its own and with all of the various area
recruiters on the possibility of locating desirable industry along a major four lane
transportation corridor within the center of the fastest growing county in North Carolina.
Industrial development would be a very desirable source of economic growth in
Bolivia. (Employment statistics from the 1990 U.S. Census show most residents are
employed out of Town.) The Town desires responsible industrial development which will
not adversely affect the natural environment or the quality of life enjoyed by residents.
Industrial sites should be adjacent water lines and must have an approved system of
handling any possible by-products or waste products which may be dangerous to human
beings. Industrial development should not infringe on established residential
development.
43

I(c) Local Commitment to Services Provision
It is the policy of the Town of Bolivia to continue to provide those services now
available to all areas of the Town. Services will be provided within one year, as required
in the NC General Statutes, to any areas which may in the future be annexed into the
Town. No annexations are currently planned.
(d) Urban Growth Patterns Desired
It is the policy of the Town to encourage growth to occur adjacent to existing water
service lines. The Town will use this Land Use Plan, the Subdivision Regulations, and the
future
Zoning Ordinance as the means to implement this policy and to direct all
residential, commercial, and industrial type growth.
(e) Redevelopment of Developed Areas
The most significant redevelopment issue facing Bolivia through the planning
period is substandard housing. During the planning period the Town will attempt to
correct its worst substandard housing conditions by taking the following steps:
(1) enforcing the Town's Minimum Housing Code;
(2) applying for Community Development Block Grant funds;
(3) applying for North Carolina Housing Finance Agency funds;
(4) coordinating any redevelopment efforts with the Building Inspections Department;
(5) enforcing the Zoning Ordinance requirements on non -conforming uses.
' The Town of Bolivia also recognizes a redevelopment concern connected with the
threat of hurricane, flood, tornado, or other natural disaster. The section of this document
which covers this area is entitled Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery, and
Evacuation Plans. Policies on redevelopment construction activity, following a
catastrophic storm event, are located in this section. It is the policy of the Town of Bolivia
to allow reconstruction of structures demolished by natural disaster when the
reconstruction complies with all existing regulations. This is governed by the Town's
Zoning Ordinance.
0
It is the intention of the Town, within the next year, to seek to have the Federal
Emergency Management Agency sanctions removed from the Town and to make Federal
Flood Insurance available to residents.
Residential redevelopment activity in Bolivia is encouraged. All development or
redevelopment must be consistent with the Zoning Ordinance.
44

(� Commitment to State & Federal Programs
Bolivia is receptive to State and federal programs that will provide some benefit to
the Town, County, and region. It is the policy of the Town to continue to fully support
such programs. Examples of such programs include: NC Division of Coastal Management
Planning Program, NC Division of Parks & Recreation Programs to fund recreation areas,
NC Division of Community Assistance & U. S. Department of Housing & Urban
Development Community Development Block Grant Program, NC Division of Travel and
Tourism promotion efforts, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers regulatory and permitting
programs, NC Department of Transportation road and bridge improvement programs, NC
Division of Environmental Management Water Quality Planning Program, Farmers Home
Administration loans for local water and sewer service projects, Federal Emergency
Management Agency Flood Insurance Program, NC Department of Commerce Industrial
Recruiting Programs, Southeastern Regional Economic Development Commission
Economic Development Programs, and others.
(g) Assistance to Channel Maintenance and Beach Nourishment Projects
The Town of Bolivia has no federally maintained channels within its jurisdiction.
Town residents currently pay County, State, and federal taxes, all of which are used to
some extent to pay for the maintenance of these waterways. It is the policy of the Town of
Bolivia to not participate directly in the payment of any fees for channel maintenance. It
is, however, recognized that these dollars are being used correctly to promote both
international and interstate commerce as well as local commercial fishing opportunity and
opportunity for recreational boaters. Beach nourishment projects are also supported by
the Town of Bolivia. The Town believes this is the best possible method of dealing with
the erosion problem. The Town of Bolivia, at this time, declines any opportunity for
financial assistance to beach nourishment projects.
(h) Energy Facility Siting & Development
The Town of Bolivia supports a clean and healthy rural lifestyle for its residents.
The Town is concerned about the issue of energy facility siting to the extent that citizen's
health, safety, and welfare, may be effected. It is the policy of the Town that energy
facility siting which will create jobs for local citizens is desirable. There are circumstances
where this policy will not be in effect. Those circumstances are as follows: (1) No
transportation through Town of dangerous materials is approved. No energy facility that
violates this standard will be approved. (2) No clear cutting of greater than 3 acres of
wooded property is allowed without buffers which will be constructed to shield all noise
and visual blight created by the development from area residents.
Any water resource intensive type development activity will be required to use
municipal water service.
45

i(i) Coastal & Estuarine Water Beach Access
It is the policy of Town officials to support beach and estuarine water access
projects within Brunswick County and throughout coastal North Carolina. It is not,
however, currently within the scope of things possible for the Town of Bolivia to
participate directly in providing funds for these access areas.
(j) Tourism
The Town of Bolivia strongly supports tourism. The Town recognizes tourists as a
vital and important part of the economy of the region and the state. The Town of Bolivia
does not currently benefit from the booming tourism related economy enjoyed by other
Brunswick County municipalities. It is the desire of the Town to plan and to grow toward
a position where the tourist influx may be enjoyed to its maximum potential. It is believed
that this is possible in Bolivia due to 2 basic factors: (1) the proximity of U.S. Highway 17
Bypass. This is the primary north -south route for travelers and tourists east of Interstate
Highway 95. (2) the small town, quaint, rural atmosphere enjoyed by local residents will
be a draw to newcomers.
As a means of achieving the goal of enhancing tourism as a part of the Bolivia
economy, it is the policy of the Town of Bolivia to support NC Department of
Transportation projects which will improve access to the region and the Town.
life
It is the policy of the Town of Bolivia to work to maintain those quality of
factors (quiet, low traffic, rural, etc.) which current residents of the Town enjoy. It is felt
�.
by Town officials that these very qualities serve the Town as a means by which to recruit
residential and commercial development. The Town supports low density development
and clean commercial (or industrial/manufacturing) type development activity.
Bolivia will continue to support the activities of the NC Division of Travel and
Tourism. The Town specially wishes to support the monitoring of tourism related industry
and all efforts to promote tourism related industry and commercial activity. The Town
wishes to cooperate, as possible, with the Cape Fear Coast Convention & Visitors Bureau
and the Brunswick County Chambers of Commerce.
The Town will work to foster a regional trade center concept for both permanent
and seasonal residents. Visitors will continue to be allowed weekend opportunities to
shop and the Town will not adopt restrictive trade ordinances (blue laws).
' (k) Type of Density Desired
The Town favors low density development activity. This type of development is
consistent with the historical growth patterns of the Town and is in keeping with the long-
1 46

term planning of the community. The center of Town, especially that area along old U.S.
Highway 17 Business, is anticipated as becoming the commercial center of the Town. It is
anticipated that growth will occur around this center before the center is filled with
commercial activity, however, it is recognized that the commercial area will need to be
kept open for business type development. The Town wants to become more of a
commercial center than it has been in the recent past and will consider development
proposals from business owners who may wish to choose Bolivia as a place to locate.
Continuing growth activity during the planning period in Town in the residential
neighborhoods is expected and desired. The Town recognizes the strength of its location
in proximity to other population centers and anticipates that continuing residential growth
will be enhanced by the continuing growth of the County and other area regional centers
of population (including Myrtle Beach and Wilmington).
In the extraterritorial area, which is primarily forested and farmed, growth is also
desired and anticipated. The Town expects this area will grow less rapidly, as a whole,
than the area within the Town limits, although subdivisions and increased single family
home development are expected.
The Town wishes to keep the small Town atmosphere which long-term residents
have come to love. The Town would also like to see additional shops conveniently
located, especially a grocery store and a pharmacy, in the Town. Residents recognize that
these shops will require the Town to grow before such commercial activity can be
supported. Additional density of development is anticipated which will support such
activity.
The Town's Land Classification Map, prepared as a part of this Land Use Plan
Update, gives a graphic depiction of the types of growth patterns planned, desired and
anticipated.
(4 Manufactured Homes
It is understood that a large portion of the Town's housing stock (approximately
30%) consists of manufactured homes. The Town finds the continued use of these
structures to be acceptable. These affordable structures are permitted according to the
provisions described within the Zoning Ordinance. (Only Class A & B manufactured
homes are allowed. These homes must be built after July 1, 1976, and must be installed
according to local and State regulations.) Careful thought was given to the preparation of
the Zoning Ordinance (adopted in December 1994) and the Town will only allow
development consistent with and according to this and other applicable rules, regulations,
and Ordinances.
47

(m) Town Boundary Defined
The map in Town Hall accurately reflects the Town and ETA boundary. Applicants
for permits relative to the Zoning Ordinance requirements are instructed to review the
map in Town Hall for information concerning the Zoning District they may be interested
in building upon or improving. The Board of Aldermen recognize that it has been some
time since the boundary lines have been surveyed by a Registered Land Surveyor. The
Town further recognizes this to be a desirable goal. The Town will consider hiring a
surveyor to draw the Town and ETA boundary in the near future.
1
(n) Provision of Services to Development
It is the policy of the Town of Bolivia to extend municipal services to those areas
which are within the Town limits. It is not expected that sewer service will be available in
the near future, for cost consideration reasons. However, it is expected this service will
one day be available and that this service will be a boost to commercial and residential
development.
It is Town policy that commercial and industrial development will be required to
connect to the municipal water system.
(o) Recreational Facilities
It is the policy of Town officials to boost recreational opportunities. The Town will
form a Recreation Committee and prepare a recreation plan within the next five years.
Both active and passive recreational sites are needed. The Town will work with the
Brunswick County Parks and Recreation Department and the North Carolina Division of
Parks and Recreation to pursue this goal. The Town is aware of the passage of recent
legislation ((HB 718 - Parks & Recreation/Natural Heritage - ratified as Chapter 456 of the
1995 Session laws during the week of July 17, 1995) which sets aside 75% of the
proceeds from the deeds excise stamp tax for the Parks and Recreation Trust Fund and
25% of the proceeds for the Natural Heritage Trust Fund. The legislation also establishes
the North Carolina Parks and Recreation Authority to receive and administer funds
received from the Parks and Recreation Trust Fund. It is estimated that the legislation will
reliable annual revenue for the funding of State and local parks.
provide a steady and a
The amount available, statewide, is currently estimated to be in the range of $10 million.
(Not all for local parks ... 65% to the State park system, 30% to provide matching funds
(dollar -for -dollar) to local government, and 5% to the NC Beach Access Program.) The
Town feels the passage of this legislation is extremely important for the funding of State
and local parks.
It is the policy of the Town to consider acceptance of a donation of property for
recreational purposes.
48

(p) Annexation
The Town of Bolivia policy on annexation is to pursue expansion primarily through
the provisions of the NC General Statutes relative to voluntary annexation. The Town's
generalized policy on involuntary or satellite annexations is to not pursue these options. It
is not expected that Bolivia will need to confront the question of annexation during the
planning period. If the question should arise, Bolivia will carry out the study and
consideration of the facts in the manner prescribed by law.
(q) Regional Trade Center
It is the policy of the Town of Bolivia to encourage growth and to foster the
regional trade center concept and vision which the Town's elected and appointed leaders
see as the future for this community. Town officials see Bolivia, in the future, as the place
where persons in central Brunswick County (residents and visitors) will travel to for a
quick trip for groceries, hardware, or a trip to the pharmacy. It is felt that the commercial
growth, which is desired by policy, coupled with the residential growth, which is also
desired, will continue will allow Bolivia to reach its full potential as a result of its location.
This community, located along a major transportation route and in the approximate
geographic center of one of the fastest growing Counties in North Carolina is poised to
accept continuing growth as a part of its future.
It is the policy of the Town of Bolivia to continue to accept commercial and
residential growth consistent with a healthy living environment for residents. All growth
will be required to be consistent with the Zoning Ordinance and the policy statements in
this Land Use Plan Update.
SECTION 5: CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
As the starting point in the preparation of this document the Town of Bolivia
adopted a "Citizen Participation Plan" with a schedule of events which outlined the
process of Land Use Plan Update preparation. The "Citizen Participation Plan" was
prepared according to the requirements of Subchapter 7B of Chapter 15A of the North
Carolina Administrative Code at Section .0207. As a part of the public participation
requirement for the production of a Land Use Plan (LUP) under the Coastal Area
Management Act, local governments are required to describe a process by which the
public will be encouraged to participate in the planning process. It is the intent of the
process described to give the public ample opportunity to become a meaningful part of
the planning process and all views gathered as a part of this process are recognized to be
informative and instructional for all citizens of the Town of Bolivia, interested parties, and
elected and appointed Boards.
49

The principle local Board responsible for supervision of the planning process has
been the Town of Bolivia Planning Board. Public involvement in the process was
generated through public information meetings, public hearings, Planning Board
Meetings, Board of Aldermen meetings and a survey of citizens. Ms. Ina King (Town
Clerk) and the Planning Board Chairmen (Mr. Russell Knowles, and Mr. Wayne Cox)
served as the principle points of contact for the Town. The Mayor, the Board of Aldermen,
and the Planning Board have also been active in the preparation of this Land Use Plan
Update for the Town of Bolivia.
All meetings in preparation of this Land Use Plan Update were open to the public.
All meetings where matters concerning land use and public policy in the Town of Bolivia
will be discussed will continue to be open to the public, with advertised and adequately
publicized public meetings and hearings held to discuss special land use issues and to
keep citizens informed. It is the intent of the Town that all economic, social, ethnic, and
cultural viewpoints be considered on all matters of public policy. Coordination and
discussion with regulatory agencies and other area municipalities (and County) officials on
policy matters will continue to be a part of the Town's land use policy development
process.
SECTION 6: STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST -DISASTER RECOVERY, AND
EVACUATION PLANS
Town
The purpose of this section of the 1995 Town of Bolivia LUP is to assist the
in managing development and requests for redevelopment in potentially hazardous areas.
The process by which this activity properly happens is to establish in this document storm
hazard mitigation policies. The purpose of this activity is to reduce the risks associated
with severe storms (such as hurricanes and tornados) through planning well before a storm
event. Post -disaster reconstruction and recovery policies will aid in the process of
reconstruction following a storm event and will help to insure that redevelopment activity
takes place in a more orderly manner.
The following pages will present the Towns storm hazard mitigation and post
disaster recovery policies.
(a) Storm Hazard Mitigation
Storm hazard mitigation actions are, by definition, those actions which will reduce
the impact of a storm event. Storm hazard mitigation policies are those local government
policies which will aid local government administrators and appointed or elected officials
hazard.
with the adoption of implementation actions which will reduce the threat of storm
I
1 50

The types of storm events which may catastrophically effect the Town of Bolivia
include hurricanes and tornados. Both types of storms are extremely powerful and
unpredictable forces of nature. Hurricanes are large low pressure systems which form in
the tropics and may move into our region. These storms bring strong winds. (In fact, the
defining factor of a hurricane is that it must be a tropical disturbance with winds in excess
of 74 miles per hour (mph).) Hurricanes may spawn tornados which are severe
whirlwinds and which are extremely dangerous. There are four causes of fatality and
property damage during these two storm events. (1) high wind; (2) flood; (3) • wave
action; and, (4) erosion. Two of these causes of property damage and death are pertinent
to Bolivia.
High Winds
Wind is the major determinant of a hurricane. Any tropical storm with sustained
wind in excess of 74 mph is classified as a hurricane. Hurricanes are judged by their
power according to a model known as the Saffir-Simpson scale. This measure of the
power of a hurricane classes hurricanes according to a sliding scale from 1 to 5 (with
category 5 storms as the most severe). Category 5 storms are rare. Bolivia would be
somewhat protected from the full brute force of a hurricane as a result of its location. The
friction or impact of the storm hitting land from the water causes dissipation of the full
force of the storm though there is still tremendous energy left to overturn mobile homes,
down power lines and other public utilities, destroy crops, and fell trees. As Bolivia is
somewhat inland, the Town is partially protected. It should be recognized, however, that
during 1989, when hurricane Hugo stuck the South Carolina coast north of Charleston,
damage from this storm was significant all the way along the route of the storm to
Charlotte, North Carolina.
Tornados are extremely forceful whirlwinds which effect a much narrower path
than a hurricane. These storms may have winds in excess of 300 mph and are the most
powerful wind storms. Rain may also be associated with these storm events. During a
tornado strike, structures built by man do not fare well and are most often completely
destroyed. Tornados are more common visitors to Brunswick County than hurricanes.
Man's successful efforts to mitigate the effect of tornados has been negligible due to the
raw power of these storms.
As a result of these occasional storm events, wind stress is an important
consideration in storm hazard mitigation planning.
Flooding
With the tremendous rainfall known to occur accompanying hurricanes, and with
the storm surge which may cause rivers, streams, tributaries, and branches draining an
area to clog and to back up, both riverine and coastal flooding is a hazard. Flooding
51

during a storm event will frequently cause extensive damage in inland areas such as
Bolivia. The reason for this possibility is the Town has low areas which may be identified
as wetlands, which are always subject to the threat of flood, as well as streams which are
also subject to flood. The Town is not a member of the Federal Emergency Management
Agency's flood hazard protection program. The last flood hazards maps for the Town
were created in 1978. Since the hazards are known to exist, the consideration of possible
-
flood damage is an important part of Bolivia's storm hazard mitigation policy planning.
(b) Bolivia's Storm Hazard Mitigation Policy
The North Carolina Uniform Building Code is used by Brunswick County to
manage development and to minimize potential wind damage. (The County handles
building inspections activity for the Town of Bolivia.) It is the policy of the Town to
support the State Building Code on wind resistant construction with design standards of
110 mph wind loads. The Town shall require the enforcement of the NC Building Code
and especially those provisions which require construction to meet wind resistive factors.
It is the intention of the Town of Bolivia to become a participant in the National
Flood Insurance program. The Town will discourage high intensity uses and large
structures within the 100-year floodplain. The Town shall consider the purchase of
parcels located in hazardous areas or rendered unbuildable by storms or other events for
recreation purposes. Subdividers, through negotiation and a mutual agreement, may be
required to set aside a portion of any proposed subdivision found to be in a hazardous
area as a condition for project approval due to public safety considerations.
The Town of Bolivia encourages the placement of utilities underground for all new
development and redevelopment projects.
(c) Post -Disaster Recovery Plan
Bolivia officials recognize that in the event of a major storm making landfall in the
vicinity of Town there will very likely be damage to homes, businesses, public utilities,
roads or other features of Town which will require coordinated clean-up and prior thought
given to the process of returning to pre -storm status. As a means of assisting with this
return to non -storm status, the Town of Bolivia hereby appoints a Disaster Recovery Team
(DRT). The DRT consists of the following members:
1. Mayor
2. Board of Aldermen
3. Town Clerk
4. Building Inspector
11 52

The Mayor will serve as the DRT leader and the base of operations will be the
Emergency Operations Center designated by the Board of Aldermen. The DRT will be
responsible for the following:
Establishing a restoration schedule.
2. Setting priorities for restoration.
3. Determining requirements for outside assistance and requesting such
assistance when beyond local capabilities.
4. Keeping appropriate County, State, and federal officials informed.
5. Keeping the public informed.
6. Assembling and maintaining records of actions taken and expenditures and
obligations incurred.
7. Recommending to the Mayor to proclaim a state of emergency ... if
warranted.
8. Commencing and coordinating clean-up, debris removal, and utility
restoration which would include coordination of restoration activities
undertaken by private utility companies (if any).
9. Coordinating repair and restoration of essential public facilities and services
in accordance with determined priorities.
10. Assisting private businesses and individual property owners in obtaining
information on the various types of assistance that might be available to
them from local, State, and federal agencies.
11. Coordinating public safety.
As a further aid in the return to normal operations following a storm event, and in
circumstances where damage may be quite bad (or catastrophic) the Town will prepare a
list of local residents who should be allowed free access to the Town in the aftermath of a
storm event. These people would be allowed to return in the event of a blockading of the
Town. The persons on this list will be referred to as the Damage Control Team and will
include all members of the DRT, Town employees, electricians, carpenters, plumbers,
volunteer fire and rescue personnel and others who may be of assistance in a return to
pre -storm status.
53

Following the storm event, the DRT will have Town personnel, volunteers, the
Damage Control Team, and others as necessary, to begin clean-up operations and debris
removal. State and/or federal assistance will be requested, and if available will be used for
the purpose of cleaning streets, roads, bridges, culverts, etc., and to assist the elderly and
infirm who may be in immediate need of assistance. The DRT will be responsible for the
implementation of an orderly reconstruction process following a major storm event. The
reconstruction process will occur in accordance with the Town's building and land use
regulations and policies.
Damage Assessment
Damage assessment must be made to determine as quickly as possible a realistic
estimate of the amount of damage caused by a hurricane or major storm. Information
such as the number of structures damaged, the extent of the damage, and the total
estimated value of property destroyed will need to be developed.
As soon as possible following a storm event the DRT will set up a Damage
Assessment Team (DAT). This team must consist of individuals who are capable of giving
reliable estimates of the original value of structures, estimates of the value amount of
damages sustained, and an accounting of repairs necessary to restore the structure to its
original use. Members of the DAT will consist of the following persons:
1. Tax Collector
2. Building Inspector
3. A local realtor or contractor
4. Brunswick County Tax Department personnel
The following general criteria shall be used:
1. Destroyed— �- repairs airs would cost more than 80% of value.
p
2. Major damage — repairs would cost more than 30% of value.
3. Minor damage — — repairs would cost less than 30% of the value but the
structure is currently uninhabitable.
4. Habitable — — some minor damage with repairs less than 15% of value.
Each damage assessment will be documented according to County Tax Department
records. Also Town tax maps and records will be used for identification purposes. The
total estimated dollar value of damages will be summarized and reported to the DRT at
the completion of the survey, or in the case of extensive damage, at regular intervals
during the assessment.
11 54

Reconstruction Standards
Structures which are rendered destroyed or which have sustained major damage, as
determined by the DAT, and which did not conform to the Town's building code, Zoning
Ordinance, or other storm mitigation policy standards must be redeveloped according to
those policies. In some instances this will mean the relocation of buildings or structures,
in other instances this will mean no reconstruction will be allowed. Building permits to
restore structures which have received major damage or which have been destroyed and
which were in conformance with municipal ordinances and storm mitigation policy
standards will be issued automatically. All structures suffering major damage will be
repaired according to the NC Building Code and according all other pertinent, State, local,
or federal rules and regulations. All structures suffering minor damage, regardless of
location, will be allowed to rebuild to the original condition prior to the storm event.
Development Moratoria
Because of the density of development within the Town of Bolivia, which is much
more densely developed than the surrounding areas of the County, and because of the
possibility of extensive damage caused by a major storm, it may be necessary for the Town
to prohibit all redevelopment activities for a period of time following a storm event. This
development moratoria would allow Town officials the opportunity to carefully assess all
damage in light of existing policies, building regulations and ordinances and to determine
the steps necessary for redevelopment. This will be particularly crucial should major
public facilities be destroyed. The intent of this moratorium would be to avoid similar
circumstances in the event of future storms. If a moratorium is declared, it will be
declared by the Town Board of Aldermen. The time frame for this moratorium will be
consistent with the extent of damage. The actual length of any moratorium declared will
be set by the Board of Aldermen.
Reconstruction Schedule
The following brief schedule of activities and time frame are approved with an
understanding that, realistically, there are many factors which must be considered during a
storm event and some of these items may render this schedule unworkable or not feasible.
It is the policy of the Town of Bolivia to take all actions to complete the reconstruction
process as quickly and conveniently for all citizens as possible.
Activi
4 Complete and report damage assessments.
-1 Begin repairs to critical utilities and facilities.
4 Permitting of reconstruction activity for all
damaged structures.
55
Time Frame
4 2 weeks after storm
-4 As soon as possible
-4 Following completion
of assessments of the
individual buildings
requiring repair

1
Replacement of Public Utilities
If the public water supply system or future public or community sewerage system is
damaged or destroyed and it may be determined that the facility may be moved to a less
hazardous location, then the system may be relocated during the reconstruction period.
The Mayor, the Board of Aldermen, and the Town engineer will be responsible for
oversight on the repair or reconstruction of public utilities.
(d) Evacuation Plans
The Town has confidence in the disaster preparedness plan of the Brunswick
County Emergency Management Department and hereby supports, accepts, and adopts the
provisions of this plan relative to the evacuation of the Town of Bolivia. Town officials
believe Bolivia should serve as a place those evacuating beach communities may wish to
evacuate to rather than a Brunswick County place people may wish to evacuate from.
SECTION 7: LAND CLASSIFICATION
The land classification system provides a framework which will guide the Town of
Bolivia in identifying the future use of all lands within the Town's planning jurisdiction.
Some of the lands in Town and the extraterritorial area are more suitable than others for
development activity. The description of the classes herein outlined will allow Bolivia
officials to illustrate graphically their policy statements on where and at what density they
S
wish future growth will occur, and will illustrate where the Town wants to conserve
natural and cultural resources by guiding growth.
i
The Coastal Resources Commission has designated (through the use of the Planning
Guidelines) a land classification system which has seven classes. These seven
classification categories (developed, urban transition, limited transition, community, rural,
rural with services, and conservation) have been subdivided by the Town of Bolivia into
more specific subclasses pertinent to the situation within the Town. Some classes may not
apply (at all) to a particular local government, which is the case in Bolivia, and in other
circumstances, the fit may be perfect.
The following land classification categories are suggested by the Coastal Resources
Commission as a guide to each local government in developing their own categories:
1. Developed:
A. Purpose. The purpose of the developed class is to provide for continued
intensive development and redevelopment of existing cities, towns and their
urban environs.
11 56

3.
B. Description and characteristics. Areas meeting the intent of the developed
classification are currently urban in character where minimal undeveloped
land remains and have in place, or are scheduled for the timely provision of,
the usual municipal or public services. Urban in character includes mixed
land uses such as residential, commercial, industrial, institutional and other
uses at high to moderate densities. Services include water, sewer,
recreational facilities, streets and roads, police and fire protection. In some
instances an area may not have all the traditional urban services in place, but
if it otherwise has a developed character and is scheduled for the timely
provision of these services, it still meets the intent of the developed
classification.
Urban Transition:
A. Purpose. The purpose of the urban transition class is to provide for future
intensive urban development on lands that are suitable and that will be
provided with the necessary urban services to support intense urban
development.
B. Description and Characteristics. Areas meeting the intent of the urban
transition classification are presently being developed for urban purposes or
will be developed in the next five to ten years to accommodate anticipated
population and urban growth. These areas are in, or will be in an urban
"transition" state of development going from lower intensity uses to higher
intensity uses and as such will eventually require urban services. Examples
of areas meeting the intent of this class are lands included within municipal
extraterritorial planning boundaries and areas being considered for
annexation.
Areas classified urban transition will provide lands for intensive
urban growth when lands in the developed class are not available.
Urban transition lands must be able to support urban development
by being generally free of physical limitations and be served or
readily served by urban services. Urban development includes
mixed land uses such as residential, commercial, institutional,
industrial and other uses at or approaching high to moderate
densities. Urban services include water, sewer, streets and roads,
police and fire protection that will be made available at the time
development occurs or soon thereafter. Permanent population
densities in this class will be high and the seasonal population may
swell significantly.
Limited Transition:
A. Purpose. The purpose of the Limited Transition Class is to provide for
development in areas that will have some services, but are suitable for lower
densities than those associated with the Urban Transition Class, and/or are
geographically remote from existing towns and municipalities.
B. Description and Characteristics. Areas meeting the intent of this class will
experience increased development during the planning period. They will be
in a state of development necessitating some municipal type services. These
57

areas are of modest densities and often suitable for the provision of closed
water systems rather than individual wells.
i. Areas classified Limited Transition will provide controlled
development with services, but may not be on lands that are suitable
for traditional high intensity urban development normally associated
with sewers or other services. These may be lands with physical
limitations or areas near valuable estuarine waters or other fragile
natural systems. Sewers and other services may be provided because
such services are already in the area or readily available nearby,
because the lands are unsuitable for septic tanks or the cumulative
impact of septic tanks may negatively impact significant public
resources;
ii. The Limited Transition class is intended for predominately residential
development with densities of three units per acre or less, or the
majority of lots 15,000 square feet or greater. In many areas, lower
densities would be necessary and should be discussed. Clustering or
development associated with Planned Unit Developments may be
appropriate in the Limited Transition Class;
iii. Areas which meet the definition of the Conservation class should not
be classified Limited Transition.
4. Community:
A. Purpose. The purpose of the community class is to provide for clustered,
mixed land uses at low densities to help meet the housing, shopping,
employment and other needs in rural areas.
B. Description and Characteristics. Areas meeting the intent of the community
class are presently developed at low densities which are suitable for private
septic tank use. These areas are clustered residential and/or commercial land
uses which provide both low intensity shopping and housing opportunities
and provide a local social sense of a "community". Very limited municipal
type services such as fire protection and community water may be available,
but municipal type sewer systems are not to be provided as a catalyst for
future development. In some unusual cases sewer systems may be possible,
but only to correct an existing or projected public health hazard. Areas
developed in a low density fashion in small, dispersed clusters in a larger
rural landscape with very limited or no water and sewer services meet the
intent of this class.
5. Rural:
A. Purpose. The rural class is to provide for agriculture, forestry, mineral
extraction and other allied uses traditionally associated with an agrarian
region. Other land uses, due to their noxious or hazardous nature and
negative impacts on adjacent uses may also be appropriate here if sited in a
manner that minimizes their negative effect on surrounding land uses or
natural resources. Examples include energy generating plants; refining plants,
airports, sewage treatment facilities; fuel storage tanks and other industrial
1 58

7.
type uses. Very low density dispersed residential uses on large lots with on
site water and sewer are consistent with the intent of the rural class.
Development in this class should be as compatible with resource production
as possible.
B. Description and Characteristics. Areas meeting the intent of this classification
are appropriate for or presently used for agriculture, forestry, mineral
extraction and other uses, that due to their hazardous or noxious nature,
should be located in a relatively isolated and undeveloped area. Very low
density dispersed, single family residential uses are also appropriate within
rural areas where lot sizes are large and where densities do not require the
provision of urban type services. Private septic tanks and wells are the
primary on site services available to support residential development, but fire,
rescue squad and sheriff protection may also be available. Population
densities will be very low.
Rural with Services.
A. Purpose. The rural services class is to provide for very low density land uses
including residential use where limited water services are provided in order
to avert an existing or projected health problem. Development within this
class should be very low intensity in order to maintain a rural character.
Rural water systems, such as those funded by Farmers Home Administration,
are or may be available in these areas due to the need to avert poor water
quality problems. These systems, however, should be designed to serve a
limited number of customers and should not serve as a catalyst for future
higher intensity development.
B. Description and Characteristics. Areas meeting the intent of this class are
appropriate for very low intensity residential uses, where lot sizes are large,
and where the provision of services will not disrupt the primary rural
character of the landscape. Private wells and septic tank services may exist,
but most development is supported by a closed water system. Other services
such as sheriff protection and rural or volunteer fire protection and
emergency rescue etc. may also be available.
Conservation:
A. Purpose. The purpose of the conservation class is to provide for the effective
long-term management and protection of significant, limited, or irreplaceable
areas. Management is needed due to the natural, cultural, recreational,
scenic or natural productive values of both local and more than local
concern.
B. Description and Characteristics. Areas meeting the intent of this classification
include:
AEC's, including but not limited to public trust waters, estuarine
waters, coastal wetlands etc. as identified in 15A NCAC 7H;
ii. other similar lands, environmentally significant because of their
natural role in the integrity of the coastal region and include but are
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not limited to bottom land hardwoods, pocosins, swamp forests,
areas that are or ave a high probability of providing wildlife habitat,
forest lands that are essentially undeveloped and lands which
otherwise contain significant productive, natural, scenic, cultural or
recreational resources.
The Town of Bolivia wishes to select and use three of the above mentioned land
classification categories. The Town recognizes the categories named above are
"guidelines," suggested by the North Carolina Coastal Resources Commission through
input from their staff, the NC Division of Coastal Management, and the Town elects to use
a hybrid of these suggested categories as a means by which to suitably reflect the reality of
the growth situation within the Town.
The following land classifications apply in Bolivia's jurisdiction:
TRANSITION
The purpose of the Transition class is to provide for development in those areas of
Town which are projected as being within a state of "Transition" during the planning
period. In this context the term Transition means growth and or change of some type due
to development or redevelopment activity. It is believed these areas (shown graphically
on the Land Classification Map) are the most likely to change to ever more densely
populated commercial and residentially developed areas. Those areas classified Transition
include all those areas believed suitable for commercial type development activity during
the planning period. Those areas classified Transition are currently the most densely
populated areas of Town. These are those areas where growth activity will be directed.
Limited municipal services are available within the Transition areas. Areas which
meet the definition of the Conservation class are not to be considered as Transition lands.
Growth activity in these areas will be governed by the Town's policies (as specifically
discussed in this Land Use Plan), the Zoning Ordinance, the consistency provisions
regarding land development activity and Land Use Plans addressed in State law (G.S.
113A-111).
RURAL
The Town of Bolivia has a large area within the Rural land classification category.
The general purpose of the Rural class is to provide for agriculture, forestry, and uses
consistent with an agrarian region. These uses are consistent with the Town's vision for
these areas. Additionally, industrial, manufacturing, and continuing residential growth
within these areas is also anticipated and expected within the planning period. Population
densities within the areas classified Rural are anticipated to remain relatively low during
the planning period. All growth within the areas classified Rural must be consistent with
the policies in this document.
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CONSERVATION
The Conservation classification within the Town of Bolivia applies to all areas
classified as wetlands by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. These areas are too small and
too widely dispersed within the Town's planning jurisdiction to be accurately depicted on
the Land Classification Map. In each case, a site survey will be required to determine if
freshwater wetlands areas are being disturbed. These areas must be identified by a
qualified wetlands consultant, approved by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, or by a
representative of the Corps. Development activity within wetlands is discouraged by
Town policy. Development within these areas is, however, permitted if federal
regulations permit such activity. No development activity is allowed in those areas
classified conservation which is inconsistent with the policy statements within this
document.
SECTION & RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES AND LAND CLASSIFICATION
The North Carolina Division of Coastal Management, as staff for the Coastal
Resources Commission, requires a statement within each Land Use Plan in coastal North
Carolina on how policies within the Land Use Plan relate to the land classification
categories. For all readers and for all agency personnel who may read and interpret this
document, be advised that the Town of Bolivia has given long and careful thought to the
policies contained herein. The Land Use Plan creation process was long and involved
many difficult selection opportunities on policy. The policies which have emerged and
which are contained within this document represent the best effort of Town officials to
create policy which reflects the Town's position on long-term growth and which will be
consistent with the planning guidelines received from the NC Coastal Resources
Commission. The Land Classification Map is the graphic depiction of how the Town
desires these policies to be enforced on the land areas in and around the Town.
It is the desire of Town officials to have Town ordinances created and enforced
which will be consistent with Town policy (contained herein) and which policy is
depicted on the Land Classification Map which is a part of this document.
SECTION 9: INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
The Town of Bolivia will continue to work with Brunswick County on matters of
mutual concern. It is recognized within the Town that the County has resources and staff
personnel which are of great assistance to the municipality. The Town wishes to
encourage and to promote further cooperation. Some of the areas in which the Town
would like to work more closely with the County include:
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Industrial development and the recruiting of industrial and commercial
businesses to the Bolivia area.
2. Planning and the regulation of development.
3. Provision of fire and rescue services.
4.
Emergency management planning and implementation.
5.
Parks and Recreation services.
6.
Inspections.
7.
Sheriff's Department.
8.
Register of Deeds.
9.
Transportation planning activities.
10. Brunswick County library.
11. Water and sewer services extension.
12. Schools/Education.
13. And others.
The Town also recognizes the municipal boundary and the one mile extraterritorial
area limit are not the full extent of the area of concern effecting the Town of Bolivia.
Other municipalities have much to share in terms of experience and expertise. Brunswick
County municipal managers, administrators, and clerks have a wealth of experience.
Rather than each individual local government re -inventing the solution to a problem the
Town of Bolivia suggests cooperation and a pooling of resources to cooperate on ways
that cost savings and administrative efficiency may be achieved. It is the intention of the
Town of Bolivia to make the best use of all types of resources available and to strive to
make the Town of Bolivia a better place to live through the sharing of experience.
It is recognized that those land areas which are the maximum extent of the Town of
Bolivia's extraterritorial area border on lands which are covered by a different ordinance
for zoning, land subdivision, minimum housing, nuisance, etc. The Town wishes to work
with the County on the adoption of ordinances by both local governments which will
have some similarity of purpose. The long-range goal for each of these places is a better
living environment for the citizens of Brunswick County. County residents share a
common destiny, and just as a common future for those who stay in the County is
- 62

indisputable, any inconsistencies in policy or design of land management systems and
ordinances will always be able to be discussed at the Town of Bolivia. Municipal officials
would also like to recognize this same level of cooperation at the County and to thank the
County for their assistance through the years.
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ATTACHMENT A
Town of Bolivia Elected Officials
(StateFederal L i t ive
U. S. Senate
The Honorable Jesse Helms
SD-403 Dirksen Office Building
Washington, DC 20510
[phone]
The Honorable Lauch Faircloth
317 Hart Senate Office Building
Washington, DC 20510
[phone]
U. S. House of Representatives
The Honorable Charlie Rose
Rayburn House Office Building, Room 2230
Washington, DC 20516
[phone]
N. C. State Senate
The Honorable R. C. Soles, Jr.
Legislative Office Building, Room 2022
Raleigh, NC 27601
[phone]
N. C. State House of Representatives
The Honorable E. David Redwine
Legislative Office Building, Room 1420
Raleigh, NC 27601
[phone]

ATTACHMENT B,
� OWN'OF 13'0 LIVIA
� SURVEY RESPONSE TALLYSHEET'
1) How long have you lived in the Town of Bolivia?
_I_ Two years or less
_3_ Two to five years
_2_ Five to teri years
_7_ More than ten years
_17_ Native of the Bolivia area
2) Which of the following best describes your relationship to the Town of Bolivia?
_28_ Permanent resident of the Town
_2_ Non-resident property owner/seasonal visitor
_2_ Owner/operator of a business in the Town of Bolivia
_ 1 Other
WRITTEN RESPONSES:
--Born and raised here.
3) What, in your opinion, is the most important problem facing the Town of Bolivia that the
Town can do something about.?
WRITTEN RESPONSES:
--Need a grocery store.
—Cleaning up.
—Providing some extras, such as; Senior Citizen Center or Community Center, library, or recreational
park.
—Needs to grow.
—Lack of shopping facilities and sewer system.
—Zoning/Annexation.
—It needs to grow as far as business in our city. The Town is like a ghost Town. The cost is outrageous
for average people.
—I think they need to reverse the annexation of the 1970's and stop enforcing those ridiculous laws.
—A police department.
—Rapidly growing (unintelligible).
—Improve water quality.
—Hog farm smells.
—H20 and sewer.
—Lack of communication with board members.
—Lack of knowledge going on in Town.
—Restrictions that force young people to move'or not locate here (i.e., mobile home restriction).
—Water bill clean-up.
—Shopping facilities (food stores).
—Hire people from Town to work in Town Hall not someone from somewhere else.
--Zoning so low income residents can put trailers on their land. They can get a loan for trailers nut not
' 150 surveys were mailed out. 32 responses were received. This gave a 21 % response
rate. Many respondents answered in a partial or incomplete manner. Some had more than one
response to a question.

..for home. .. ...._... . .... , . � ... ... _ . . . . .. . .
—Water department too costly. Make a deal with the County to get rid of it. Animal control.
—Get a dog lease control.
4) If you are a permanent resident, what was the major reason you chose the Town of Bolivia
as your home?
To enjoy the quiet family atmosphere
_14_
8
Proximity of other amenities or relatives
4
Low taxes
3
Climate
0
Employment/Business opportunity
7
All of the above
Other
_5_
WRITTEN RESPONSES:
--Be near school.
—Was born here.
--Born here.
--Because I was born and raised here.
--Bought house from sister.
S) If you are a non-resident property owner, what was the major reason why you acquired
your property?
_1_ For rental purposes/investment property
_1_ Proximity of other amenities or relatives
_1_ Low taxes
2 For future use as a retirement home
07 All of the above
Other
WRITTEN RESPONSES:
-Beauty shop.
—None.
6) In future years, how would you like to see the Town of Bolivia develop?
6 A retirement community
6 A bedroom community for area residents
_12_ All of the above
6 Other
WRITTEN RESPONSES
—With grocery store, restaurant, fast food, drug store, and other quiet small Town businesses.
—But we need a few nice shops so we can put money back into our city, not everywhere else.
—Stay the same.
—Shopping conveniences.
—To have a cooperative Town.
—If communication was present things would be better.
7) Do you feel the Town of Bolivia is growing ..........
_1_ Too fast
_18 Too slow
7 Just about right
2 Bolivia has had enough growth
WRITTEN RESPONSES:
--No'.

8). - • Whatlype of -development should be encouraged-ordiscouraged? • -- -• -- ' * --- - • --
TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT ENCOURAGED DISCOURAGED
Single Family Residential 26 0
Multi -Family Residential 7 13
Mobile Homes 14 12
Shopping Facilities 28 2
Industry 15 9
Recreational Use 19 4
WRITTEN RESPONSES:
--Nice underpinned and coded (manufactured homes) only.
--(Industry should have (no noisy or late night work.
—All depends on what kind of industry.
—Limited (industry) if the right kind.
—Some (industry).
9) At the present time, the Town does not have a sewer system. Should the Board of
Aldermen work towards establishing a community wide sewer system?
Yes
=15_
8 No
G Not sure
No opinion
_2_
WRITTEN RESPONSES:
--The Town is not that big yet.
10) What do you think are the most important issues now facing the Town of Bolivia?
Major Issue Minor Issue Not an Issue
13 2 7 Preserve and enhance Town character
4 7 11 Improve street lighting
8 6 9 Upgrade all housing to M B C standards
8 9 6 Limit commercial re -zoning
3 2 15 Hire Town Manager/Administrator
3 4 14 Provide sidewalks and curbs
4 0 17 Provide stoplight (please specify where)
--17 Bypass 17 Business "N" end.
10 5 7 Improve enforcement of ordinances
7 6 9 Pave dirt roads
6 13 4 Improve street maintenance
7 8 8 Do more beautification work in the Town
4 8 8 Improve stormwater management
9 8 5 Protect groundwater
WRITTEN RESPONSES:
—Our Town needs to improve and clean up. Less mobile homes. Improve requirements and standards
for home owners.
—The sides of the road on Green Lewis Road needs to be filled in since they repaired and have never
filled in or sowed grass or anything.
—Improve existing ordinances to let people who own land to use for their benefit.
—Efficient use of taxpayer and other income. Reduce taxes if possible.

11.) ••• Is the-police/sheriff protection in Bolivia -adequate?
j
_16_ Yes
_ 11_ No
_3_ Not sure/No opinion
WRITTEN RESPONSES:
—Police work is not adequate no where you go. To too much b_ s_ (expletive deleted).
12) If no, how should the Town provide additional police protection?
6 Establish a Town of Bolivia Police Department
Contract with the Brunswick County Sheriffs Department
_11_
_3 Other
WRITTEN RESPONSES:
—Police auxiliary.
—Have a study to show which is best.
—We are a small Town. A contract sheriff should be fine.
13) Do you think the existing land use ordinances are sufficiently protecting your property
interests?
13_ Yes
_
No (If no, why not?)
_8_
—Anyone can put a junkyard beside you and get away with it.
--We have no say so on what can be put on our land.
--Some do what they want such as trailers where they don't belong.
—Some can change ordinances for their own satisfaction.
—Ordinances are not executed properly.
—Confusing situation.
—Not sure.
_6_ No opinion
14) Are you satisfied with the following public services available in the Town of Bolivia?
YES NO SERVICE
_14 _10_ Town Administration
—Difficult to contact at times.
—Too much personal biases.
—Need more order at Town meetings. People that go to ask questions don't have a chance.
_15_ _10 Planning
—No planning evident.
—It needs no more planning.
—Need to do thorough background check on people wanting to put a business in Town.
_16_ _6_ Building Inspection
—Need to do thorough background check on people wanting to put a business in Town.
—Is there a city inspector?
_19_ _8_ Brunswick County Sheriff Protection
—Don't know anything about this.
—Do not have enough protection.
—1 feel we need more coverage especially at night.
—Sheriffs Department is nearby.
27 1 Volunteer Fire Protection
28 1. Volunteer Rescue Services
12 13_ Trash Collection
—Like green boxes as they are.
--None exists.
--We need better maintenance at dumpsters on edge of Town.

4 .
—No-collection. ..... , .
—Do not have it.
—We could use trash collection.
—None available.
—Need attended to more often.
—What trash collection?
_24_ _3_ Street Lighting
—Bulbs changed more frequently.
—Not enough lights.
_21_ _5_ Street Maintenance
—None exists
—Need to cut grass more.
—Not kept upright. Needs mowing and filling more often.
—Not maintaindd very well.
_22_ _3_ Street Paving
—Berkley Avenue needs some distance provided on both sides and paved.
--None exists.
_21_ _2_. Traffic Control
—None exists.
_13_ _10_ Storm Drainage
—Not maintained.
—Some cleaning is needed.
—Do not have it.
—Fair.
—None exists.
_17_ _6_ Town Cleanliness
—The ditches need to be cleaned out.
-Fair.
_15_ Mosquito Control
_12_
—By County.
—We need to be sprayed more often.
—More often sprayed.
1
.—Is needed.
—Need more.
—Haven't seen any this year.
—Occasional spraying.
_15_ 10 Animal Control
—No leash law.
—No leash law.
—Some dogs run wild.
—No problem — none needed.
—Always need improvement in enforcing this law.
—I see no need for this at present.
—We need animal control like the County has.
_17_ _4_ Evacuation Planning
—What is the plan? They should mail everyone a copy if they have a plan.
--I don't think everyone knows this.
--Is needed.
--None exists.

IS) I-wouldbe willing to -pay more taxes for the following: -
YES NO NO OPINION
Recreational Facilities 6 13 5
Fire Department _8_ 11_ 3_
Rescue Squad _8 _12_ _3_
Police Department _5_ _12_ _3_
Water System _5_ _14_ _3_
Sewer System _8_ _ 14_ _3_
Street Improvements _8_ _14_ _2_
Drainage Improvements _7_ 16_ _2_
Public Garbage Collection _7_ _13_ 2_
Other(s) (please specify)
-It's according to what is done and if this task was met with the proper needs of the community and if it
were something that should have been taken care of already. Bolivia is just slow and stubborn.
--No animal control. -
WRITTEN RESPONSES:
--Use County water.
--Hook up to County.
--NVhen are the old buildings going to be completely removed?
--The roads and right of ways need mowing and maintaining.
16) What is your age group?
_0 Under 30
_9_ 30 - 49
10 50 - 64
_11_ Over 65
17) What is the size of your household?
_4_ 1 person
12_ 2 persons
_11_ 3 persons or more
18) Which best describes your type of residence?
27 Conventional home (single family site built)
0 Pre-fab Home
_5_ Mobile Home
_2_ Other
-3 bedroom wooden house.
-Mobile home with extras built on (porches, A -roof, carport, living room, etc.) Real nice. Got yard of
the month 2 years ago.
9) Do you own or rent the house in which you live?
26 Own Home
2 Rent
_1_ Own Undeveloped Lot(s)
20) How many months a year do you live in the Town of Bolivia?
_26_ Year-round resident
0 6 - 11 months
0 3 - 5 months
_1_ Less than three months
21) What is the work status of the head of household?
12 Retired _1_ Working part-time
-12— Working 40 hours per week _1_ Not working

•22) My family income is approximately-
-6- Under $10,000
_8_ $10,000 - $29,999
_5_ $30,000 - $49,999
_4_ Over $50,000
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ATTACHMENT C
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor Division of Archives and History
Betty Ray McCain, Secretary William S. Price, Jr., Director
September 20, 1995
Haskell S. Rhett III
Cape Fear Council of Governments
1480 Harbour Drive
Wilmington, NC 28401
Re: Bolivia Land Use Plan, Brunswick County
ER 96-7422
Dear Mr. Rhett:
Thank you for your letter of August 31, 1995, concerning the above project
According to our files, no archaeological sites have been recorded within the
boundaries of Bolivia. However, no surveys have been conducted within the area.
The possibility exists that archaeological sites ranging from the prehistoric to the
historic period may be located in the town. We recommend that the Bolivia Land
Use Plan reference this potential and the need for careful review of all development
plans situated within previously undisturbed areas.
We have conducted a search of our files and are aware of no structures of
historical or architectural importance located within the planning area. However,
since a comprehensive historical architectural inventory of Brunswick County has
never been conducted, there may be structures of which we are unaware located
within the planning area.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations
for Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and' -consideration. If you have questions
concerning the above comment, please contact Renee Gledhill -Earley, environmental
review coordinator, at 919/733-4763.
Sincerely,
David Brook
Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer
DB:slvv
101) Gist Jones Srrec'I - 1:alei:�l�, North Carolin m 27WI -2h07 �� '

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ATTACHMENT D
■
CAPE FFAR
COUNCIL
August 31, 1995
Mr. David Brook
Historic Preservation Office
Division of Archives and History
109 East ones Street
Raleigh, NC 27601-2807 ..
Dear Mr. Brook:
I am presently involved with the responsibility of preparing a Coastal Area
Management Act Land Use Plan Update for the Town of Bolivia, in Brunswick
County. As the protection and preservation of historic and archaeologic resources
are given a high priority by this local government and as the North Carolina
Coastal Resources Commission also gives priority. to the preservation of these
resources and requires a policy statement within the `Land Use Plan on the
preservation of these resources, I hereby request, on behalf of the Town. of Bolivia,
a statement from your office giving the name and location of any historic or
archaeologically significant sites within the Town.
The information you will provide will be used in the formulation of the Land Use
Plan policy and will.6e an important consideration in the adoption and
administration of regulations governing land use in the Town.".I:have enclosed a
map as a means,of orienting yourself to the Town.
Please call if you have any questions.
Thank you in advance for your assistance.
Sincerely,,
�I
Haskell S. RheM:tll
Management Services Director
Enclosure
cc: Ina King
Rose Ann Mack
brook895.bol

ATTACHMENT E
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN
SCHEDULE OF EVENTS UPDATE
TOWN OF BOLIVIA 1995 LAND USE PLAN
of
pter
This Citizen Participa
tion Plan has been prepared according to the reog207e a part ofbthapubl public
of
Chapter 15A of the North Carolina Administrative Code at echo s b which the public will be
requirement for the production of a Land Usebeaa (�o e5under the Coastal Area r
partiapation eq
Management Act, local governments are regpCe d.t ids the intent of the process described herein process
encouraged to participate in the planning p
the public will have ample opportunity to be I be me anformativeua d instructional for
citizens of
thatP art of this process
and that views gathered as a p ointed Boards.
the Town of Bolivia, interested parties, and elected and app
planning pro
will be the Town of
The principle local Board responsible for supervision of the p g P
Planning Board. Mr. Haskell Rhett of the Cape Fear Council of Governments will serve as
Russell Knowles, Planning Board Chairman,
Bolivia Plan g Town Clerk, and Mr.
Planner -in -Charge. Ms. Ina King, for the Town of
he principle points of contact for the Town. The and Use Plan Update Council, and the
will serve as t p preparation of this Planning Board will also be active in the prep
Bolivia.
planningprocess.
Included as a part of this plan is a scheduled°lOnvto hoseents 'de scribed, asescribes tne necessary. We f this LUP.
xpect and
Additional meetings will take place, in ad
anticipate assistance from the NC Division of Coastal Management in the production o
P process. Regular meetings
The public will receive notice of opportunities for input in the planning Prs of
rd and Town Council will be used, whenever po�e tengs wm abe n getting the
of the Planning Boa involved. Legal advertisement of public
citizens of the community ' ht. Fliers will be posted in/at Town Hall and
Newspaper and other media coverage will be sought.
for involvement. Additionally, a Citizen
around the Town to inform the public of their opportunities
Survey Questionnaire will be distributed as a part of the process. land use. From there
The planning process will begin with an introduction and a focus future
existing
of
ncern for the
the process will Proc
eed into a discussion of present issues. N �o S. ifica�t and important part of
-Town will become a focus. The policy statements willbethe be emphasized to citizens and
the LUP and the importance of these statements on policy municipalities officials
i leaders alike. Coordination and discussiontl?rs�lethnicndacultural viewpoints
i community of this process. All economic,
on policy matters will be a part
rocess of LUP production•
will be consider through the p
SCHE LE OF EVENTS
Ev n
T��e Date'
Adoption of Citizen Participation Plan
March 6, 1995
Planning Board Workshop
March 7, 1995
dual cjate� arc' sul)ject/to change as needs and circumstances dictate.

a
April 4, 1995 Public Hearing on LUP (Planning Board).
Discussion of, and introduction to, Land
Use Planning. Explanation of process.
May 2, 1995 Presentation of Existing Land Use
information (maps, facts, etc.)
June 6, 1995 Approval of Citizen Survey Questionnaire
June 8-9, 1995 Distribution of Survey
June 30, 1995 Public Meeting. Results of
Questionnaire. Joint meeting of
Planning Board and Town Council.
July 5, 1995 Draft LUP policies presented to Planning
Board
August 8, 1995 Draft policies available for public review
and on display at Town !-tall.
September 5, 1995 Final Planning Board approval of LUP
September 15, 1995 Town Council approval of a draft LUP
for presentation to the Coastal Resources
Commission (CRC)
September 30, 1995 Prepared draft LUP presented to NCDCM
This Citizen Participation Plan is Adopted the 6th day of March, 1995, at the Town of Bolivia, North
Carolina.
ATTEST:
t Mayor, Town of Bolivia
Ina King, Town Clerk
bolcitiz.pin

IATTACHMENT F..
IW) Yaa r Piimi u 1 a+i
Town of
Bolivia
Brunswick Co(') Bolivia(')
Bolivia'
Bolivia `)
1993
56,322 257
257
257
1994
57,851 264
261
259
1995
59,376 271.
264
261
1996
60,840 277
267
262
1997
1998
62,335 283
63,841 289
270
273
263
264
1999
65,353 295
276
265 -
2000
66,497 300
278
267
2001
68,019 306
281
268
2002
69,289 311
283
269
2003
70,596 316
285
270
2004
71,939 322
288
272
2005
73,285 328
291
273
2006
74,573 333
293
274
2007
75,897 338
295
275
2008
77,246 344
298
277
2009
78,606 350
301
278
2010
79,644 354
303
279
2011
80,999 360
306
280
2012
82,151 365
308
281
2013
83,342 370
310
283
2014
84,572 375
312
284
2015
85,804 380
314
286
popprobo.105
' The figures in this column have been compiled by the Cape Fear Council of Governments
from projection by the North Carolina Office of State Planning, December 1944.
Figures projected
are as of July for each year given.
2 This column shows Bolivia growing at the
same rate as the County as a
whole.
a This column shows Bolivia growing at one-half the rate of the County as
a whole.
This column shows Bolivia growing at twenty-five
percent of the rate of the County as a
whole.
At this level of analysis (year -by -year) these figures are not especially meaningful. They
could be altered dramatically by a few families moving
into Town in one year. Tile
comparative
analysis
between years, as in comparing 1995 to 2010, is much more meaningful though it is still
highly
speculative due to the percentages involved.
The reader is instructed to use
caution in use of
these figures.
The Town believes these figures are lov.

ATTACHMENT G ,
20 Y6ar'PbpWafi6li
Prbjecti6ns'for
Region 'O'BS `Counw
Brunswick Co New Hanover
Co Pender Co
Columbus Co
Region/Total
1995
59,376
132,506
33,205
50,097
275,184
1996
60,840
133,930
33,861
49,934
278,565
1997
62,335
135,337
34,531
49,761
281,964
1998
63,841
136,733
35,200
49,623
285,3971
1999
65,353
138,187
35,868
49,445
288,853
2000
66,497
139,332
36,374
49,291
291,494
2001
68,019
140,702
37,073
49,036
294,830
2002
69,289
141,769
37,661
48,827
297,546
2003
70,596
142,833
38,252
48,656
300,337
2004
71,939
143,966
38,847
48,449
303,201
2005
73,285
145,147
39,448
48,219
306,099
r2006
74,573
146,313
40,034
47,979
308,899
2007
75,897
147,482
40,635
47,733
311,747
2008
77,246
148,657
41,243
47,524
314,670
2009
78,606
149,920
41,859
47,281
317,666
2010
79,644
150,936
42,331
47,081
319,992
2011
80,999
152,141
42,990
46,766
322,896
2012
82,151
153,096
43,554
46,513
325,314
2013
83,342
154,066
44,126
46,299
327,833
2014
84,572
155,131
44,707
46,057
330,467
2015
85,804
156,237
45,299
45,796
333,136
populati.r-o
'
These figures have been compiled by Cape fear Council of Governments from projections supplied by the
\orth Carolina
Oftice of State Plannirn;,
D?cembef 1994.
FipureS proj,>cted are as of July (or eacii y<�ar given.

0001W W M M M M M M M M
20 Year Population Projections
for Region O By County
160,000
1409000
1209000
1009000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
0 Brunswick County
M Columbus County
rM New Hanover
County
F� Pender Cou.nty
SOURCE: NC Office of State
Planning, Graph created by CFCOG.
ri

-7
Existing Land....'Use Map, 19 95
i .0, _,0.0-0
This preparatior�of this map v�is'finan 'd, in part, through a Coastal Area Management Act grant provided by.
the North Carolina a emen Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management
Legend a Coastal Man91,
Act -of 1972, as amended, which is admi istered by the office of Ocean, and Coastal Resource Management, 9 0 LI _VI
.- 1 11-10 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adrn ni n.
0 Dwelling Unit 10^
Commercial Use 1000,0.$
110*
Agricultural Business
Water Tower♦• ,/
A
Inkitutional Use
♦
4k
r
BOLIVIA EJA.
5AAFM 0
A 2
-:2
4
X,
AW
.0
*4
A
*OF UPI
0.
BRUNSWICK COUNTY
GOVERNMENT CENTER
Prepared By: Cape Fear Council of Governments TOWN OF BOLIVIA
0 1004C�8 10, 1480 Harbour Drive TOWN CREEK TOWNSHIP, BRUNSWICK. COUNTY, NC
71;0Wilmington, NC 28401
SCALE 1" 406 [phone]
A. [phone] fax PREPARED BY BRUNSWICK COUNTY The base map was prepared by Brunswick County.
Details were field checked for accuracy In March of 1995.

I . .,-Lan.
�� •.� � � e1• ems,. � � ��� r O �� SAY/� i �• tip •rl� ,
The preparation of this map was financed, in
part, through a grant provided by the North
• • • �♦ Carolina Coastal Manapnient Program,
(, . t E " through funds vrov ded by the Coasta Zone
Management act oa` 1572 ' as amende:i; which is
Cla c
atiO.',
na t� g } administered by the Office of Ocean and • eOLIVII.A•LTA
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1
BRUNSWICK COUNTY �: t.
• CENTER _
GOVERNMENT ,•'• - - , .
1 ;.
,r• ' ' I
V.
p TOWN OF BOLIVIA
•, Cape Fear Council of Governments Conservation areas are federally
1480 Harbour Dive TOWN CREEK TOWNSHIP BRUNSWICK COUNTY NC
Wilmington, NC 28401 ° !00 100 protected wetlands and must be "
��••E •
[phone]/395-2684 fax N I•�° identified by a wetlands survey oneach site.PREPAREo BY BRUNSWICK COUNTY