Land Development Plan-1976

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PROPERTY OF
DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
PERQUIM.ANS
COUNTY
t
Land De'..velonment Plan
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LAMA
1976

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LAND DEVELOPMENT PLAN
AS
MANDATED
BY
! THE COASTAL AREA MANAGEMENT ACT
OF 1974
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PERQUIMANS COUNTY
TOWN OF HERTFORD
A 1976
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PREPARED FOR ................. PERQUIMANS COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
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BOARD OF COUNTY C.O MISSIONERS: Lester Simpson, Chairman
R. S. Monds
Joe Nowell
Guy Webb
A Waldo Winslow
• PREPARED BY ................. THE PERQUIMANS COUNTY PLANNING BOARD
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John Coston, Chairman
Richard Bryant, Secretary
Floyd Matthews, Sr.
Edward Nixon
Dewey Perry, Jr.
Gene Phillips
Silas Whedbee
Clinton Winslow
Bill Phillips, ex-officio
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FRCM..... N. C. DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL & ECONOMIC RESOURCES
Howard N. Lee, Secretary
DIVISION OF COMMUNITY ASSISTANCE
Thomas B. Richter, Chief Planner
PROJECT STAFF
Justin Little, Community Planner
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I.
II.
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III.
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IV.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 1
A. Legislative Goals of the Coastal
Area Management Act . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. The Town and County Planning
Relationship . . . . . . . . . . .
Description of Existing Conditions . . . . . . . .
A. General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Physiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. Existing Population . . . . . . . . . . .
C. Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D. Existing Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . .
E. Housing .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F. Existing Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . .
G. Existing Public Facilities . . . . . . . . . .
1. Water Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Sewer Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Solid Waste Disposal . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Educational Facilities . . . . . . . . . .
S. Police Protection . . . . . . . . . .
6. Fire and Rescue Services . . . . . . . .
7. Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. Recreational Facilities . . . . . . . . .
H. Existing Plans, Policies and
Regulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary of Public Participation . . . . . . . . .
A. Explanation and Summary . . . . . . . . .
B. Land Use Objectives, Policies and
Standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1 Pei-quimans County . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Town of Hertford . . . . . : . . . . . . .
Description of Projected Conditions . . . . . . .
A. Population Projections . . . . . . . . . .
B. Economic Projections . . . . . . . . . .
C. Projected Public Facilities Demand . . . . . .
1. Water Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Sewer Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Solid Waste Disposal . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Educational Facilities . . . . . . . . . .
S. Police Protection . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Fire and Rescue Services . . . . . . . . .
7. Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. Recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D. Projected Need of Plans, Policies
and Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
4
S
S
5
6
7
16
17
26
35
40
42
47
S1
54
S5
57
59
6]
63
67
67
70
71
75
80
80
82
89
89
90
93
94
95
96
99
100
101
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E.
Land Classification System . . . . . . . . .
. Page 105
1. Discussion of Purpose . . . . . . . . .
. 105
2. Land Classifications . . . . . . . .
. 108
F.
Land Use Compatibility Problems . . . . . .
. 115
1. Discussion . . . . . . .
115
2. Carrying Capacity of the Land
and Waters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 117
V. Constraints to Development . . . . . . . . . . .
. 119
A.
Areas with Physical Limitations . . . . . .
. 119
1. General Soil Association . . . . . . . .
. 119
2. Soil Drainage Limitations . . . . . . .
. 125
3. Soil -Related Septic Tank
Limitations . . . . . . . . . . .
. 126
4. Soil -Related Foundation
Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 127
5. Sources of Water Supply . . . . . . . .
. 128
6. Flood hazard Areas . . . . . . . . . . .
. 128
7. Wetlands and Complex Natural Areas . . .
. 129
8. Estuarine Erosive Areas . . . . . . . .
. 130
9. Estuarine and Public Trust Waters . . .
. 132
10. Man -Made Hazard Areas . . . . . . . . .
. 133
11. Historic Places. . . . . . . . .
133
B.
Areas of Resource Potential . . . . . . . .
. 134
1. Soil -Related Agricultural Potential . .
. 135
2. Areas of Recreation Potential. . . . . .
. 135
3. Fish Spawning Areas. . . . . . . . . . .
. 136
C.
Potential Areas of Environmental Concern . .
. 139
1. Coastal Wetlands . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 139
2. Estuarine Waters . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 140
3. Public Trust Waters . . . . . . . . . .
. 141
4. Complex Natural Areas . . . . . . . . .
. 142
5. Estuarine, Sound and River
Erodible Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 142
6. Historic Places . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 143
VI. Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 144
A.
Major Conclusions . . . . . . . . . .
. 144
B.
Application of Data to the Plan . . . . . .
. 146
VII. Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 148
A.
Perquimans County Land Use
Survey and Resdlts . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 148
B.
Report of the Citizens Advisory
Committee . . .
1S6
C.
A Discussion of Forest and
Agricultural Land Use In Perquimans . . . .
. 161
D.
,Water Quality in Perquimans County . . . . .
. 166

INDEX TO STANDARD FORMAT
(a). The Land Use Plan must comply with the following
standards as to form: -
Table of Contents with page numbers.
I. Introduction Page 1
Purpose of the plan, history of*CAMA planning effort,
etc.
II. Description of Present Conditions
A. Population and Economy . . . . . . . . . . . 7
(brief analysis)
B. Existing Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1. Legible map of existing land uses
(See pocket inside back cover)
2. Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
a. significant compatibility problems 115
b. problems from unplanned development
with implications for future land use 115
C. areas experiencing or likely to
experience major land use change . . . . 116
C. Current Plans, Policies, and Regulations . . . . 63
1. Plans and Policies . . . . . . . .
. . . 63
a.
transportation plans . . . . . . .
. . . NA
b.
community facilities plans . . . .
. . . 63
c.
utilities extension policies . . .
. . . 73
d.
open space policies . . . . . . .
. . . NA
e.
recreation policies . . . . . . .
. . . 78
f.
prior land use plans . . . . . . .
. . . 63
g.
prior land use policies . . . . .
. . . 63
2. Local
Regulations . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 63
a.
zoning ordinances . . . . . . . .
. . . 63
b.
subdivision regulations . . .
. . . 63
C.
floodway ordinances . . . . . . .
. . . 63
d.
building coes . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 63
e.
septic tank regulations . . . . .
. . . NA
f.
historic districts regulations . .
. . . NA
g.
nuisance regulations . . . . . . .
. . . NA
h.
dune protection ordinances . . . .
. . . NA
i.
sedimentation codes . . . . . . .
. . . NA
j.
environmental impact statement
ordinances . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . NA
3. Federal and State Regulations . . .
. . .Not Done

III. Public Participation Activities . . . ... . . . . .
Page 67
A.
Identification and analysis of major land
useissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
1. The impact of population and economic trends
80
2. The provision of adequate housing and other
services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
3. The conservation of productive natural
resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
139
4. The protection of important natural
environments . . . . . . . . . . .
139
S. The protection of cultural and historic
resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
143
B.
Alternatives considered in the development of
the objectives, policies and standards . . . .
148
C.
Land use objectives, policies and standards
for dealing with each identified major issue
70
D.
A brief description of the process used to
determine objectives, policies and standards,
emphasizing public participation.
67
E.
A detailed statement outlining the methods
employed in securing public participation,
and the degree of participation achieved
and the results obtained . . . . . . . . . . .
67
IV. Constraints
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
119
A.
Land Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
119
1. Physical Limitations . . . . . . . . . . .
119
a. hazard areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
127
b. soil limitations . . . . . . . . . . .
119
c. water supply areas . . . . . . . . . .
120
d. steep slopes . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NA
2. Fragile Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
139
a. coastal wetlands . . . . . . . . . .
139
b. outer banks sand dunes . . . . . . . .
NA
C. ocean beaches and shorelines
NA
d. estuarine waters . . . . . . . . . . .
140
e. public trust waters . . . . . . . . . .
141
f. complex natural areas . . . . . . . . .
142
g. areas sustaining remnant species . . .
NA
h. areas containing unique geologic
formations. . . . . . . . . . . . .
NA
i. registered natural landmarks . . . . .
NA
j. archeologic and historic sties. . . . .
143

3. Areas with Resource Potential . . . . . Page 134
a. productive agricultural lands . . . . . 135
b. potentially valuable mineral sites NA
c. publicly -owned lands and other
non -intensive outdoor recreation lands. NA
d. privately -owned wildlife sanctuaries. . NA
Estimated Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
A. Population and Economy . . . . . . . . . . 80
1. Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
a. ten-year population projection. . . . . . 80
b. considerations taken into account in
preparing ten-year projection (seasonal
populations, local objectives, social
and economic change) . . . . . . . . . .
80
C. 5, 10, 25 and 50 year projections . . . .
80
d. relationship of long-term projections to
desires of the people
80
e. relationship of the capabilities of the
land and water to sustain them. . . '
117
f. examination of seasonal population and
economic impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
2. Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . .
82
Identification of major trends and factors
ineconomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
82
B. Future Land Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
105
Use of the ten-year population projection to
determine land demand for land classification
105
C. Community Facilities Demand . . . . . . . . . . .
89
1. Ten-year population projection used to deter-
mine facilities demand . .
89
2. Consideration of the type and cost of services
needed to accommodate projected population
89
3. Consideration of the ability of the local
economy to'finance service expansion. . . . .
89
Plan Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
105
A. Description of the Land Classification System
lG5
B. Projected population growth allocation to
Transition, Community and Rural land classes,
based upon local objectives . . . . . . . . .
105
C. Gross population densities used to allocate
Transition and Community classifications. . . . .
108

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D. A legible Land Classification Map which is consis-
tent with local objectives, policies and
standards. (See pocket inside back cover)
Page
VII. Summary
A. Discussion of the manner of data assembly,
analysis, and a statement of major conclusions . . . 144
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B. Discussion of the application of the data to the
plan's formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
VIII. City -County Plan Relationship Defined. . . . . . . . 3
• IX. Appendices (if any). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

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INTRODUCTION
The_purpose of the 1974 Coastal Area Management Act
passed by the General Assembly was to prepare coastal
North Carolina for the tremendous growth in population and
industry that is expected to occur. It is an effort to
Plan for growth and development in an orderly fashion so
• that mistakes which have already been made in other coastal
states will.not be repeated in North Carolina.
To coordinate this tremendous undertaking, the Coastal
Resources Commission has been appointed by the Governor
from lists of nominees submitted by local governments
throughout the twenty coastal counties. All commissioners
are residents of the coast and share a common concern Cor
its future. Their task was to assemble the plans submitted
by local governments into a coherent framework; making sure
40 that all plans conform to the guidelines of the Act, and do
not conflict with each other. They are also charged with
the responsibility of making sure that periodic reviews of
the plans are undertaken by local government and necessary
revisions made to reflect changing public attitudes and
economic trends.
In order to improve communication between the Coastal
Resources Commission and local governments, the Coastal
Resources Advisory Council was created with appointed
representatives of local government and professional
people with expertise in fields associated with
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coastal management. This Council serves to keep the
Commission informed as to local public opinion and profes-
sional judgements associated with specific issues. This
blend of local citizens and professionals serves to assure
that the Commission will receive balanced advise and recom-
mendations from the Council.
It is the responsibility of local governments, under
the Act, to submit land use plans to the Commission; plans
which follow the guidelines of the Act and the desires of
local people. Particular emphasis has been placed on public
participation and the identification of local goals and
objectives. It has been recognized by the Commission that
public participation 'is essential to insure local understand-
ing and support of the plans. As a result, such participa-
tion has been monitered in each of the localities submitting
plans, in order to assure that the public was adequately •
involved in the planning process.
Although final approval of the plans rests with the
Coastal Resources Commission, local government was given •
the initiative and a wide latitude within which to work.
Before individual plans could be submitted to the Commission
for review, they had to be assembled by local planning •
boards and discussed at length throughout the local govern-
ment area. The function of the Commission is basically
to supervise and suggest areas in which the initial plans •
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may be improved or brought into compliance with the guide-
lines of the Coastal Area Management Act.
Legislative Goals of the Coastal Area Management Act
A. To provide a management system capable of preserving
and managing the natural ecological conditions of the
estuarine system; the barrier dune system, and the beaches,
so as to safeguard and perpetuate their natural productivity
and their biological, economic and aesthetic values.
B. To insure that the development or preservation of the
land and water resources of the coastal area proceeds in a
manner consistent with the capability of the land and water
• for development, use, or preservation based on ecological
considerations.
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C. To insure the orderly and balanced use and preservation
of our coastal resources on behalf of the people of North
Carolina and the nation.
D. To establish policies, guidelines, and standards for
• the conservation of resources; the economic development
of the coastal area; the use of recreational lands and
tourist facilities; the wise development of transportation
• and circulation patterns; the preservation and enhancement
of historical, cultural and scientific aspects of the region;
and the protection of common law and public rights in the
• lands and waters of the coastal area.
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The Town and County Planning Relationship
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One of the most important aspects of Coastal Area Manage-
ment, and one which has been continually stressed, is coordi-
nation of planning efforts in adjoining jurisdictions. When •
completed, the twenty (20) individual county land use plans
will form the basis for a "comprehensive plan for the protec-
tion, preservation, orderly development, and management of
the coastal area of North Carolina," which'is the primary ob-
jective of the Act.
This means that Perquimans County must not only coordi-
nate its efforts with neighboring counties, but also with the
Town of Hertford, as well. Although a single "County Land
Use Plan" has been developed, both Perquimans County and the
Town of Hertford conducted their planning efforts on an inde-
pendent basis. Both governmental entities have separate
planning boards which developed the land use plan for their
respective jurisdictions. A spirit of cooperation and coordi-
nation of activities was necessary in order to assure that
conflicting land uses would not occur where Town and County
planning jurisdictions meet.
Perquimans County in its planning effort was responsible
for the entire County, other than the Town of Hertford and its
extraterritorial limit. The Town of Winfall did not meet the
population requirements necessary to undertake planning activ-
ities -so this responsibility was accepted by the County Com-
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mission and Planning Board. The existing communities, like-
• wise, come under County jurisdiction and are incorporated in
County planning efforts.
The Town of Hertford planning jurisdiction consists of
•. the present Town Limits and the designated Extraterritorial
Limit. The Town Planning Board and the Town Council worked
closely to provide for the orderly growth of Hertford, and
0 to preserve the type of environment that exists currently.
Out of the efforts of a wide variety of local citizens
working for both the County and the Town of Hertford, the Per-
quimans County Land Use Plan was developed. The fact that both
groups chose•to adopt a single plan is indicative of the spirit
of cooperation that is characteristic of local residents not
only in Coastal Area Management but in all areas of endeavor.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Climate
Perquimans County, like the rest of northeastern North
0 Carolina, has basically a moderate climate. Over the ten year
period from 1959 to 1968, the average annual temperature was
60.9 degrees. Low was an average of 42.3 degrees in January,
and high was 78.3 degrees in July. Precipitation averaged
49.1 inches annually over the same period with snowfall
averaging only 0.1 inches annually. The frost -free growing
IF,
season is approximately 217 days in length.
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Physiography
Perquimans County consists of 323 square miles of surface
area, of which only 246 are actual land area. It is located in
the'Northeast Coastal Plain Physiographic Province, bordered by
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Gates, Chowan and Pasquotank counties and the Albemarle Sound
to the south.
The area, itself, is generally level although low-lying.
The highest elevation is 51 feet above sea level and the soils
consist of soft sediment, with little or no underlying rock
near the surface. The County is drained primarily by the Little,
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Perquimans and Yeopim rivers.
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EXISTING POPULATION
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Perquimans County
Perquimans County had a total population of 8,351
according to the 1970 Census and had a population density of
r 33.9 persons per square mile. It is divided into five sepa-
rate townships and has two incorporated municipalities.
Both the Towns of Hertford (population 2,023) and Winfall
0 (population 581) are located in the central part of the
County bordering the Perquimans River.
As shown in Table 1, the only area to experience any
• growth between 1960 and 1970 was the,Town of Winfall. How-
ever, this can be almost entirely attributed to annexation
during the period. Parkville Township, of which Winfall is
• a part, lost population from 1960 to 1970 as did the other
four townships. Census figures indicate that the County,
as a whole, has been slowly losing population since 1940.
Perquimans County is designated as a totally rural
County in the 1970 Census. The percent of the population
designated as rural farm is placed at 69.5 percent with the
9 remainder, 30.5 percent, classified as rural nonfarm. This
compares to state averages of 10.4 percent rural farm and
44.6 percent rural nonfarm. The designation of urban,
0 which comprises 45.0 percent of the state population, is
entirely absent in Perquimans County. Hertford, which is
the largest town in the County, is still small enough to be
described as rural by the U.S. Census.
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Table 1
Perquimans County
and the
Town of
Hertford
Total Population
by
Township
Perquimans by Township
1960
1970
o Change
Belvidere Township
1,402
11265
- 9.8
Bethel Township
898
851
- 5.2
Hertford Town (part)
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14
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Hertford Township
3,111
211763
- 11.2
Hertford Town (part)
2,068
2,009
- 2.9
New Hope Township
1,720
1,636
- 4.9
Parkville Township
2,047
1,836
- 10.3
Hertford Town (part)
-
-
-
Winfall Town (all)
269
581
+ 116.0
Totals
9,178
8,351
- 9.0
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Source: 1970 Census
Population figures for 1960 and 1970 indicate that the
County has had and continues to have a disproportionate
number of persons of retirement age. This contrasts sharply
with the low percentage of the population in the 25-44 age
group. The number of school age children, on a percentage
basis, is comparable to the state average.
The median age for the State of North Carolina was 26.5
in 1970 but it was 31.1 in Perquimans County. The percentage
of persons 65 years of age and older is 13.2 for the County
compared to 7.7 for the state, partially explaining the
differential in median age. For children under 18 the per-
centage was 35.1 for the County and 34.6 for the state. Table
2 on the following page contains more precise information for
the County.
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Table 2
Existing Population in Perquimans County
Count
under 5
624
5-14
1,721
15-24
1,299
25-34
822
35-44
827
45-54
1,011
55-64
947
65 and over
1,100
Median age
dependency Ratio ,
Under 18
Percent under 18
Percent over 64
31.1
93.1
2,926
35.1
13. 2
Source: 1970 Census
The percentages of those persons over 64 and under
18 years of age, in conjunction with the low percentage
of persons between 25 and 44, give the County a higher
dependency ratio than is found in either state or regional
averages. For Perquimans County the ratio is 93.1 to 100.
It is 87.2 to 100 for all of Region R and 74.8 to 100 for
• the entire state. This indicates that for every 100 persons
between the ages of 18-64 there are 93.1 persons either
under 18 or over 64. Persons over 64 are considered as
• retired and children under 18 are assumed to be in school;
with both considered to be dependent on the working age
population.
• The greatest changes in population from 1960 to
1970 occurred in the under 14 and over 54 age groups, as
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shown in Table 3. The number of school -age children declined
fairly substantially while the number of persons over age 54
showed approximately a ten percent increase. Median age
over the ten year period went from 26.2 in 1960 to 31.2 in,
1970. In short, the trend was toward an increased number of
older citizens and a reduced number of children and young
.adults.
Table 3
Population by Ages, 1960
and 1970
1960
1970
E=- under 5
1,061
624
5-14
2,105
1,721
15-24
1,242
1,299
25-34'
909
822
35-44
10078
8.27
45-54
11'071
1,011
55-64
794
947
65 and over
918
1,100
Total
9,178
8,351
Source: 1960-and
1970 Census
A breakdown of the population by race and age, as shown
in Table 4 on the following page, indicates that the decrease
in the population between the ages of 25 to 54, and children
under 14, was much more pronounced among blacks than whites.
A conspicuous item in both Tables 3 and 4 is the small number
of persons in the 25 to 34 age bracket, both in 1960 and 1970.
Out -migration of persons in that group is apparently substan-
tial.
Page 10
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Table 4
Population Breakdown by Race and Age
1960-1970
Black
White
1960 1970 1960 1970
under 5
614
266
447
3S7
5-14
1,201
897
904
821
1S-24
640
644
602
654
25-34
403
280
506
540
35-44
397
310
681
514
4S-S4
413
343
658
668
• 5S-64
293
330
Sol
623
65 and over
342
394
576
70S
Total
3,041
3,464
4,982
4,882
•'Source: 1960
and 1970
Census
,Town of Hertford
The Town of Hertford is located in the central portion
•
of Perquimans County on the Perquimans River. It is an
agriculturally -oriented community and the seat of county
government. The population, according to the 1970 Census,
•
was 2,023. Although the County has slowly declined in
population for many decades, the population of the Town has
• been approximately 2,000 since 1910.
Perquimans County is divided into five separate Town-
ships with the Town of Hertford occupying territory in
• three of the five. However, most of the Town is located in
Hertford Township. As shown in Table 1, of the 2,763
residents of the Township 2,023 were Town residents in 1970.
Page 11

Population figures for 1970 indicate that the Town has
a higher percentage of persons of retirement age than the •
state average. Of the Town population, 15.1 percent are over
64 years of age. This compares to 13.2 percent for Perquimans
County and 7.7 percent for the state. Also indicated is the •
fact that the school age population for the Town is smaller
on a percentage basis than either that of the County or the
state. The percentage of the Town population under 18 years
of age is 32.3 percent, as compared to 35.1 percent for the
County and 34.6 percent for the state.
Those two figures, the percentages of persons over 64 f
and under 18, combine to give the Town a somewhat higher
dependency ratio than the state average, but a lower one
than is found in Perquimans County. The state average is
74.8 to 100, with the Town average at 88.4 to 100 and the
County (including the town) average at 93.1 to 100. The ratio
for the ten counties of Region R is 87.2 to 100. This indi-
cates that for every 100 persons aged 18 to 64 in the Town,
there are 88.4 who are either under 18 or over 64. Persons
over 64 are considered to be retired and children under 18 0
are assumed to be in school. Both are dependent on the
working age population in theory.
Tables 5 and 6, as shown on the next page, illustrate •
these figures. Table 6 reveals that the trend is even more
severe among blacks than whites. There are a conspicuously
low number of blacks between the ages of 25 and 54,
Page 12
•
7

•
• especially'among males. Black males outnumber black females
until the age group of 25-35 is -reached. At that point
females are in the majority, suggesting a substantial out-
migration of. youhg, working -age black males.
•
under 5
5-14
15-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
SS-64
65 and over
Total
Table 5
Total Population by Age - 1970
Town of Hertford
Total Male
146 75
377 182
278 139
208 97
192 92
235 97
282 125
305 121
2,023 928
Source: 1970 Census
Table 6
Black
Population
by Age and Sex
- 1970
Town of
Hertford
Total
Male
Female
under 5
62
32
30
5-14
187
100
87
15-24
135
76
59
25-34
72
31
41
35-44
65
28
37
45-54
81
34
47
55-64
101
47
54
65 and over
107
41
66
Total
810
389
421
Source: 1970 Census
Female
Page 13
71
195
139
ill
100
138
1S7
184
1,095

0
Town of Winfall
The Town of Winfall is located in the central portion 0
of Perquimans County and is an agriculturally -oriented
community. The total population, according to the 1970
Census, was 581 persons. As previously stated, Winfa.11 was
the only area within the County to increase in population
from 1960 to 1970, but this was due almost entirely to
annexation.
Figures shown on this page in Table 7 indicate that the
percentage of the population in each group corresponds roughly
with the same group on a county -wide basis. In this respect,
the Town shares the same population characteristics as the
County, and compares to the State of North -Carolina and
Region R averages in much the same way.
Table 7
Existing Population
by Age
1970
Winfall
b %
County
by o
Under 5
45
7.8
624
7.6
5-14
101
17.4
1,721
20.2
15-24
- 92 .15.8
1,299
15.6
25-34
63
10.8
822
9.9
35-44
52
9.0
827
9.9
45-54
85
14.6
12011
12.2
S5-64
70
12.0
947
11.3
65 and over
73
12.6
1,100
13.3
Source: 1970 Census
Page 14
•
•

•
• The dependency ratio, an important socio-economic
indicator, is 77.7 to 100 for the Town of Winfall. This
indicates that for every 100 persons aged 18 to 64 there are
• 77.7 persons either under 18 or over 64 years of age. In
this respect, the Town would appear to be better off than
Perauimans County as a whole.
An examination of the Town by race indicates that
approximately half (43.2 percent) of the population was
black in 1970. This compared to a 41.5 percent figure for
the county as a whole and indicates that Winfall has
approximately the same racial mix of the County.
•
•
•
•
C
40 Page 1S

L
EDUCATION
Perouimans Count
•
The
average educationaZ attainment for persons twenty-
five and
over in the State of North CaroZina was 10.6 nears
•
in 1970,
but for residents of.Perquimans County it was Zower
at 9.7 years. This situation, however, may improve in the
future since there were only 9.2 percent of all persons 14 to
•
17 years
of age in the County that were not in school. This
compares
favorably to a state average of 11.1 percent. Of
persons 16
to 17 years of age, only 15.2 percent in the County
were not
in school compared to 16.5 percent in the state.
The
probable cause of the low average educational attain-
ment for
adults twenty-five and over is the low percentage of
college -educated persons -residing in the County. Again utiliz-
ing the twenty-five and over age group, 6.1 percent of the
population of the County had completed four or more years of
college and 7.2 percent -had completed one to three years.
This compares with state averages of 8.5 and 8.4 percent
respectively. The percentage of high school graduates on •
both the state and County levels was approximately the same.
Unfortunately, figures are not available for either of
the Towns of Hertford or Winfall due to their small size. •
It must be assumed, however, that County figures are general-
ly applicable.
•
•
Page 16

EXISTING ECONOMY
Perquimans County
Perquimans County is basicaZZy an agricuZturaZ area and
has been for the Zast three hundred years. According to the
1969 Census of Agriculture, there were 492 farms in the
County with an average size of 165.5 acres. The actual dis-
tribution of farm sizes is shown on the following page on
Table 9.
Average farm acreage in Perquimans County has been in-
creasing, as it has throughout the nation. The small farmer
40 is incapable of realizing the economies of scale possible
with the larger, more mechanized operations. In that County,
many of the smaller farms are actually leased to other
individuals who can, by acquiring leases on several adjoining
tracts of land, farm a large acreage without owning it.
While the size of the average farm continues to increase,
• so does the amount of cropland.• Particularly in the last
five or six years., a great amount of land has been cleared
for agricultural use and this trend is presently continuing.
• The most important crops being grown in the County are
soybeans and corn. Peanuts, wheat and other crops made up
only sixteen percent of all crops in 1974 in terms of acre-
age. For a more detailed discussion of acreages and crops,
see Appendix C,of this document. The second largest industry
in the County is forestry. Two large forest -products com-
0 panies, Weyerhauser and Union Camp, have extensive land
Page 17
•

t
Table 8
COMMUTING PATTERNS FOR PERQUIMANS COUNTY
1960 Commutine 1970 Commutin
County
Out
In
Out
In
Camden
--
4
21
0
Chowan
61
56
186
71
Currituck
--
4
0
0
Gates
25
24
51
0
Martin
0
0
0
13
Pasquotank
297
55
350
102
Tyrrell
--
8
14
6
iVashington
7
--
8
3S
Isle of Wight (Virginia)
0
0
8
--
Nanesmond (Virginia)
20
--
17
0
Norfolk (Virginia)
160
--
•171
--
(Chesapeake City)
0
--
(14)
(--)
(Norfolk City)
0
--
(102)
(--)
(Portsmouth City)
0
--
(55)
(--)
Princess Anne (Virginia)
0
--
7
9
(Virginia Beach City)
0
--
(7)
(9)
Elsewhere
87
22
81
32
Total
657
173
914
268
Live and Work in
Perquimans County 2,124 1,673
Employed Residents 2,781 2,587
Persons Working In
Perquimans County 22297 1,941
Commuting - Gain (+)
or Loss (-) -484 -646
Source: North Carolina Commuting Patterns - 1960 & 1970
Employment Security Commission of North Carolina
Bureau of Employment Security Research
Job Market Research Center, Raleigh, N.C. (March
1974).
Page 18
40
7
•
•
C

•
• holdings in addition to the many commercial stands belonging
to private individuals. Dominant softwood species found in
the County are varieties of pine. Dominant hardwood species
• are oak, gum - and Cyprus. Recent trends in lumber harvest
indicate a favorabZy growth -over -cut situation. For more
precise information on acreages and harvest, see Appendix C
• of this document.
According to the 1970 Census; 445 persons or 16.8 per-
cent of the total county work force were employed in either
agriculture, forestry or fisheries. Farm population, which
made up the bulk of that number, declined from 4,101 to 2,625
between 1960 and 1970. This was due to increasing mechaniza-
tion and the decrease in the total number of farms in the
County. Farm laborers and small farmers that have ceased
agricultural operations have been forced to seek employment
in other sectors of the economy. This has occured not only
in the County but nationally as well in all agricultural
regions.
•
Figures on Table 9 on this page indicate that in 1960
there were 2,124 persons living and working in the County
with another 657 out -commuting to work and 173 in -commuting.
•
In 1970, the number of persons living and working in the
County had declined to 1,673 while both in -commuters and
out -commuters increased. Overall, the commuting loss
•
increased from 484 to 646 during the ten year period and
the percentage of the County work force employed outside
Page 19

C�
0
Table
9
Annual Average
Civilian Work
Force Data
Perquimans
County
Year
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
.1971
•
Civilian Work
•2,970
2,870
2,690
2,660
2,640
2,710
Force
Total Employ-
2,780
2,690
2,530'
2,520
2,480
2,560
ment
•
Nonagricultural
.1,240
1,230
1,200
1,220
1,250
1,320
Wage & Salary
Employment
Total
190
170
160
140
160
150
•
Employment
Unemployment
6.4
5.9
5.9
5.3
6.1
5.5
As A Percent
of Civilian
Work Force
•
Source: Employment Security Commission •
the County increased from 24 to 34.2 percent.
The reason for the large number of out -commuters from •
Perquimans County is the relatively small industrial and manu-
facturing sector of the County's economy. Although efforts
are underway to strengthen this sector, it currently does not •
provide enough jobs for county residents. Workers are forced
to commute to neighboring counties or the tidewater Virginia
area in search of employment opportunity. Many young working
Page 20
0

age adults leave the County entirely, for the same reason.
• Table 9 reflects civilian work force data from 1966 to
1970 for those persons working in the County. It does
not include those residents working outside the County.
• In effect, the rural environment of the County directly
reflects the Zack of industrialization. Although job
opportunity is scarce, most residents appear to prefer
i the situation as•it exists. The economic tradeoffs
inherent in the situation constitute one of the conscious
decisions that will have to be made again and again in
• the future. Obviously the County cannot pursue a pure
policy of attracting industry and jobs, and retain the
rural character of the area.
Table 9_indicates that in 1971, the total employment
in the County had declined slightly from 1966. Unemployment
during the same period declined from 6.4 percent to 5.5
percent; both of which are not significantly different
from state averages.
An examination of the work force in the County by
• occupation reveals that•15.7 percent of all employed persons
were engaged in farm -related activities. Actual figures
are provided in Table 10 on this page.
•
Median family income in 1970 for County residents was
$5,124 compared to a state average of $7,774. In 1960 the
median family income was $3,432 compared to $3,596 for the
•
entire state, indicating that by 1970 the gap had widened
Page 21
•

considerably. In that year, thirty-five
percent of all
•
families in the County had incomes below
the poverty
level
and only three point four percent had incomes
in excess of
$153,000. This compares rather
unfavorably
to
state averages
of 16.3 and 11.5 percent, respectively.
Table
10
Earnings by Occupation
for Perquimans
County
i
1970
Total Employed, 16 and Over:
Occupation
Number
Male
Female
Professional, technical &
kindred workers
268
$6,839
-
Managers and administrators,
except farm
197
-
-
Sales workers
123
-
-
Clerical workers
254
-
$3,091
Craftsmen, foremen and
kindred workers
391
$5,921
-
•
Operatives, except transport
363
$5,008
$2,885
Transport equipment operatives
135
Laborers, except farm
165
$3,427
-
Farmers and farm managers
278
$2,204
-
Farm laborers and foremen
139
$1,333
-
Service workers, except
private household
220
-
-
•
Private household workers
115
-
-
TOTAL
2,648
Source: 1970 Census
Page 22

•
What must be taken into account, however, is the rela-
tively low cost of living in the County. Although residents
of urban areas tend to have higher incomes, the cost of
U ving tends to be higher in such areas. So even though
county residents have lower incomes on an absolute scale,
this does not mean that actual purchasing power is propor-
tionately less. It can safely be assumed that the cost of
•
living is substantially lower in Perquimans County than in
the state as a whole, thereby explaining, in part, the gap
• in average family income.
According to figures on Table 10, the group of farm -
related workers was certainly the least well-off fiscally.
All occupations connected with industry and manufacturing
•
were considerably better -paying.
An important indicator of economic prosperity is the
• amount of gross retail sales. Compared to -its three
immediate neighbors, Chowan, Gates and Pasquotank counties;
Perquimans County ranked third, with more sales than Gates
County.
Gross retail sales in Perquimans County totaled
approximately $15,003,000 as shown in Table 11. In the
• twenty county Coastal Region of North Carolina it was
ranked fourteenth in total sales.
•
Page 23
40

Table 11
GROSS RETAIL SALES BY COUNTY
Calendar Year 1973
County Gross Sales
Craven County
$.194,039,000
Pitt County
$181,172,000
Halifax County
$123,922,000
Beaufort County
$
92 615 000
Edgecombe County
$
76,325,000
Pasquotank County
$
72,137,000
Martin County
$
50,499,000
Hertford County
$
50,291,000
Bertie County
$
29,620,000
Dare County
$
26,131,000
Chowan County
$
25,244,000
Washington County
$
25,017,000
Northhampton County
$
24,065,000
Per uimans Count
$
15 003 000
Gates County
121176,000
Currituck County
$
10,737,000
Pamlico County'
$
7,469,000
Hyde County
$
5,931,000
Tyrrell County
$
5,890,000
Camden County
$
3,423,000
Source: North Carolina Business Patterns. 1974
Town of Hertford
The Town of Hertford serves as a residential area and
commercial center for Perquimans County. The central busi-
ness district houses almost all of the larger retail estab-
lishments in the County.
Due to the fact that the population was under 2,500
persons in 1970, precise figures'are not available for the
Town. It must -be assumed, however, that data on Perquimans
Page 24
•
0
A
•
•
•
A
0

•
WA
County is substantially the same for the Town. As a practi-
cal point, the economy of the County determines that of the
Town. Hertford is the market place of the County and derives
its economic prosperity from the outlying farms and businesses.
Town of Winfall
For the same reason as stated above, precise data on
the Town is not available. Winfall serves primarily as•a
residential area with only limited commercial facilities.
•
Like the Town of Hertford, the economy of Perquimans County
is the economy of Winfall.
•
Page 25

r�
u
HOUSING
0
Perauimans County
According to 1970 Census figures, Perauimans County had
a total of 2,899 housing units, of which 2,497 were occupied
on a full-time or seasonal basis and 402 were vacant year-
round. Owner occupied units numbered 1,749 or 70.0 percent
of all occupied units. This indicates a slightly higher
rate of home -ownership in the County than the state average of
65.3 percent, but it does not vary significantly from the
Region R average of 69.9 percent.
The number of Negro -occupied units in the County was
863 with 530 units being owner -occupied. This translates
into a 61.4 percent home -ownership rate and compares Quite
favorably to the state average of 4S.5 percent. The rate
for Region R is 58.9 percent which would indicate that
Perauimans County does not differ significantly with
neighboring counties.
Using 1.01 or more persons per room as an indicator
of overcrowding, there were 239 such housing units in the
County or 9.6 percent of all occupied units. This compares
favorably with the state average of 10.2 percent and the
Region R average of 11.1 percent. The percentage of severe- 49
ly overcrowded units (1.51 or more persons per room) in the
County was 3.2 percent, compared to a state average of 3.0
percent and a Region R average of 3.6 percent. •
The number of Negro -occupied units classified as
C
Page 26

9 overcrowded was 173, or 20.0 percent of all Negro -occupied
units. This compares quite favorably to state and Region R
averages of 25.3 and 25.4 percent, respectively. Although
overcrowding in the County is more prevalent among black than
white -occupied housing units, the problem is not as serious
as it is in Region R and the state as a whole. It remains,
however, a problem that needs to be dealt with not only in
Perquimans County but elsewhere as well..
With regard to plumbing facilities, 30.5 percent of the
* occupied housing units in the County were defined by the 1970
Census as inadequate. A housing unit with complete plumbing
facilities is defined as having hot piped water, flush toilet
• which is not shared with any other households, and a bathtub
or shower which is also not shared. These represent the basic
facilities required for minimum personal sanitary practice.
This percentage of 30.5 represents a definite local problem
area when compared to -the state average of 14.4 percent and
the Region R average of 25.5 percent.
The basic problem in 1970 appears to have been the lack
of toilet facilities. Almost one in four.housing units in
the County (24.5 percent) lacked such a facility compared
0 with state and Region R averages of 11.9 and 21.2 percent,
respectively.
Among Negroes the problem of inadequate plumbing facili-
ties was partieularZy severe. Fully 66.3.percent of all
Negro -occupied housing units in the County were inadequate,
Page 27

•
compared to a state average of 38.4 percent and a Region R
average of 59.4 percent. So while the problem exists on 41
both a state and regional level, it was even more pronounced
in Perquimans County.
Tables 12 and 13 on this and the following page contain
structural information placing the housing situation within
Perquimans County and its relation to Region R in perspective.
Figures on these two tables are adjusted for 1973 from 1970
•
Census information.
Town of Hertford
According to 1970 Census figures, the Town of Hertford
had a total of 771 housing units•; of which 696 were occupied
on a full-time or seasonal basis and 75 were vacant year-round. •
Owner -occupied units numbered 420 or 60.3 percent of all
occupied units. This indicates a loner rate of home -ownership
in the Torn than is found in the County (70. 7 percent), • the •
region (69.9 percent) and the state (65.3 percent).
The number of Negro -occupied units in the Town was 237
with 112 units being owner -occupied. This translates into
a 47.3 percent home -ownership rate or roughly the state
average (45.5 percent). It does not, however, compare favor-
ably with the County average (61.4 percent) or the region •
(58.9 percent).
Page 28
•
•

•
Since the percentage of Negro renters was so high in
the Town, some attention must be paid to average monthly
rent, average monthly rent for all renter -occupied units was
45 dollars and for Negro -occupied units it was 33 dollars.
This compares to County averages of 39 dollars and 30 dollars
per month, and Region R averages of 49 dollars and 36 dollars
per month. State averages were higher at 67 dollars and 48
dollars, respectively. So although rents would appear to be
slightly higher in the Town than in the County; they are
. approximately the same as regional averages and substantially
less than state averages.
Using 1.01 or more persons per room as an indicator of
overcrowding, there were 47 such housing units in the Town
or 6.8 percent of all.occupied units. This compares quite
favorably with the County average _(9.6 percent), the regional
average (11.1 percent) and the state average (10.2 percent).
The percentage of severely overcrowded units (1.51 or more
persons per room) in the Town was 2.7 percent, compared to a
County average of 3.2 percent, a Region R average of 3.6
percent and a state average of 3.0 percent. On the whole,
overcrowding does not appear to be a problem in the Town of
0 Hertford.
With regard,to plumbing facilities, 20.3 percent of the
occupied housing units in the Town were considered to be
• • inadequate as defined by the 1970 Census. Although not as
Page 29

•
Table 12
SUBSTANDARD
AND DILAPIDATED
HOUSING
UNITS IN
PERQUIMANS
COUNTY
1973
Substandard
Dilapidated
All Units
Total
Housing
Units
Housing
Units
Owner Occupied
1749
416
23.8%1
31
1.8%1
Negro
529
310
58.6%
9
1.7%
Non -Negro
1220
.106
8.7%
22
1.8%
Renter Occupied
751
348
46.3%
33
4.4%
Negro
334
262
78.4%
12
3.6%
Non -Negro
417
86
10.6%
21
S.0%
Vacant Year Round
318
152
47.8%
15
4.7%
•
For Sale
15
6
40.0%
0
-
For Rent
41
25
61.0%
4
10.0%
Other
262
121
46.2%
11
4.2%
GRAND TOTAL
2818
916
32.5%2
79
2.8%2
1Percent Total of each unit
2Percent of GRAND TOTAL
•
Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development •
Page 30
•
•

Table 13
SUBSTANDARD AND
DILAPIDATED HOUSING UNITS
IN REGION R
1973
Substandard
Dilapidated
County
Total
Units'
Housing
Units
Housing
Units
Camden
1725
5.4%1
602
34.9%2
46
2.6%3
Chowan
3407
10.6%
1037
30.4%
94
2.7%
Currituck
2621
8.2%
65S
25.0%
97
3.7%
Dare
3258
10.1%
410
12.6%
98
3.0%
Gates
2613
8.1%
1189
45.5%
42
1.6%
Hyde
1915
6.0%
827
43.2%
52
2.7%
Pasquotank
8634
26.9%
1495
17.3%
268
3.1%
Perquimans
2818
8.8%
916
32.5%
79
2.8%
Tyrrell
1319
4.1%
566
42.9%
37
2.8%
r
Washington
3810
11.9%
962
25.2%
144
3.8%
Total 32120 100.0% 8659 27.0% 957 3.0%
1Percent of TOTAL
2Percent of TOTAL Substandard Housing Units
3Percent of TOTAL Dilapidated Housing Units
Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
C7
0 Page 31 ,

E:
high a percentage of units in the Town are inadequate as is
the case in the County (30.5 percent), this still represents
a problem. Water and sewer service are both available to
Town residents and this partially explains the differential
between the two. Such services are not currently available
to most county residents. The problem remains that even
with modern town services, approximately one housing unit in
every five was considered to have inadequate plumbing.
Among Negro residents of the Town the problem is par-
ticularly severe. Fully 50.6 percent of all Negro -occupied
housing in the Town is inadequate in terms of its plumbing
facilities. Although this figure compares favorably with
County (66.3 percent) and Region R (59.4 percent) averages,
it compares poorly with the state average of 38.4 percent.
The problem is deviously more difficult at the countyand
regional levels because of the lack of water and sewer
service in many areas. But it is also an area in need of
close scrutiny in future years.
Town of Winfall
According to 1970 Census figures, the Town of Winfall
had a total of 196 housing units; of which 188 were occupied
and 8 were vacant year-round. Owner occupied units numbered
128 or 68.1 percent of all occupied units. This is approxi-
mately the same percentage in the County (70.7 percent) and
Region R (69.9 percent).
Page 32 0

•
The number of Negro -occupied units in the Town was 69
with 43 units being owner -occupied.. This translates into a
home -ownership rate of 63.2 percent, which is slightly higher
•
than that of Perquimans County. As previously indicated, the
County does not differ significantly with its neighboring
counties.
Using 1.01 or more persons per room as an indicator of
overcrowding, there were 11 such units in Winfall or 5.6
percent of all,occupied units. This compares quite favorably
with a County average of 9.6 percent, a Region R average of
11.1 percent and a state average of 10.2 percent. The per-
centage of severely overcrowded units (1.51 or more persons
•
per room) was correspondingly low at 1.6 percent. This is
half the County average and compares favorably to a regional
average of 3.6 percent and a state average of 3.0 percent,
•
Overcrowding in Negro residences was also quite low at 10.3
percent.
With regard to plumbing facilities, 35.6 percent of the
• occupied housing units in the Town were defined by the 1970
Census as inadequate. This presents a major problem to the
Town when the percentage is compared to County, regional
r and state averages.
As in the case in Perquimans County, the major reason
for such a high percentage of units having inadequate plumb-
ing in the Town was the lack of toilet facilities. The
Page 33

0
figure for the Town (32.6 percent) was much higher than
County, regional or state percentages. •
Among Negroes the problem of inadequate plumbing was
extremely severe. Fully 79.4 percent of all Negro -occupied
housing units in the Town were inadequate, compared to •
County, Region R and state averages of 66.3, 59.4, and 38.4
percent, respectively. While the problem exists at all
levels it is much more pronounced in the Town of Winfall, •
and constitutes the most formidable housing problem facing
the Town.
Page 34
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

EXISTING LAND USE
Perquimans County
Existing land use in Perquimans County has remained
basically unchanged for•at least the last century. Most of the
land in the County is either forested or cleared for
cultivation. There are no polluting industries, or
residential developments which could be classified as "high
density". There appear to be no significant compatibility
problems with regard to existing land use.
A basic area of concern, however, is the trend toward
•
recreational and second -home development in the southern
part of the county. Several areas along the Perquimans,
Little, and Yeopim Rivers, and the Albemarle Sound have
experienced an influx of mobile homes, campers, and summer
or weekend cottages. Only a small number of new "permanent"
residents have built homes in the newly developed areas.
While this has had an impact on the local economy, it is
difficult to determine whether it has been beneficial or
detrimental. The increased revenue which has accrued from
the subdivision of land must be measured against the increas-
ed cost of providing such public services as schools, police
and fire protection, and solid waste disposal. Any social
•
costs involved in such development must also be considered.
Unfortunately, many of these new developments exhibit
only slight regard for the natural beauty of the area, and
the health and well-being of its. residents. These are social
0 Page 35

i
costs because they must be borne by everyone in the effected
areas and by other County residents to some degree.
In many instances land has been subdivided and sold to
individuals without standard subdivision improvements being
built. Many areas have unsurfaced roads which cannot meet
state standards and, more importantly, have inadequately
functioning water and human waste disposal facilities.
Some lots are so small that problems arise from the
use of septic tanks and wells. Soil conditions are gener-
ally unsuitable for septic tanks in this region because of
soil properties and the seasonally high water table. This
poses serious problems with regard to the pollution of
ground and surface waters, which can create serious health
hazards in the area. Eventually such pollution makes its
way to the Albemarle Sound and contributes to water quality
problems in that body of water. This process carries with
its social costs which extend beyond Perquimans County and
effect a large number of people. I -or a more complete
discussion of water quality problems in the County and
surrounding coastal waters, see Appendix D of this document.
Another problem found in waterfront areas of the 0
southern portion of the County is shoreline erosion. Some
areas are eroding at a significant rate, necessitating bulk -
heading or the construction of groins to protect property. 0
In the absence of any bulkheading requirement on developers
i
Page 36
0

or purchasers, many lots once adequate to build on are now
much too small. Septic fields have been eroded, in some
* instances, adding to previously discussed difficulties.
More precise information on shoreline erosion is found in
the section entitled, Areas of Environmental Concern.
At present, approximately four thousand lots have been
platted along the rivers and the Albemarle Sound, but only
about half are recorded as "sold" in the office of the
Perquimans County Register of Deeds. Undoubtedly more are
being purchased over an extended time period but these will
not be registered as sold until the final payment is made
♦ and the deed transferred.
Many of the lots in the southern part of the County are
small ones designed for campers, -perhaps as many as one
♦ thousand or one out of every four. Actual construction on
tho larger lots has occurred sporadically at best. More
mobile homes have been put on lots than new homes constructed.
♦ Both the sale of lots and their subsequent development have
been proceeding slowly and there is considerable room for
growth in the future. Before such growth occurrs, measures
♦ need to be enacted to prevent the magnification of present
problems.
Town of Hertford
0 ' Existing land use in the Town of Hertford is basically
residential and commercial with only one apparent conflict
0
Page 37

u
in adjoining land uses. At present, several gas and oil
distributors have storage facilities in the Town along the #9
riverfront. Residences are located in adjoining or adjacent
areas, and the municipal building is also located in the
area.
Potential problems due to the. highly flammable nature of
the stored petroleum products are apparent. Still another
problem involves the possibility of accidentally introducing
petroleum products into the Perquimans River. Both are
serious enough to warrant attention. The Town Council has
responded to the problem by requesting funds from the United
State Department of Housing and Urban Development to plan
for the relocation of the firms. At this time, however, the
problem represents the most.serious compatibility problem
with regard to land use.
Town of Winfall
The Town of Winfall does not, at the present time,
manifest any significant compatibility problems or problems
associated with unplanned development.
Existing Land Use Maps
The existing land use maps for Perquimans County and the
C;
n
•
Town of Hertford were compiled from aerial photographs and �
actual on -site inspections. The on -site ipspections were used
to locate businesses and residences, and the aerial photographs
Page 38

•
were used to delineate wetlands..' forested areas and cleared
land.
The existing land use map for the Town of Hertford is
on a much larger scale than the single County map. This
•
was to provide for greater detail and accuracy in and
around the Town. In order to increase accuracy and detail
on the County level, each quadrant contained in the single
•
County map has been reproduced on a larger scale. For
easy referencing, each quadrant is labeled individually
and its location indicated on the county -wide existing
•
land use map. These quadrants are intended to be of use
to those persons requiring information concerning specific
land use in the rural areas of Perquimans County.
•
•
•
•
Page 39
6

AN
•
�w
in
LM
•
•
THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN PART TnR000n A PLANNING GRANT -
FROM TIE COASTAL PLAINS RrW^HAL COMMISSION,ADMINISTERED SY THENORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND ECONOMIC RESOURCES.
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.r-*— TREE LINE
SCALE IN FEET

EXISTING PUBLIC FACILITIES
Introduction
One of the most important and complex functions of
'
local government is the provision of public services
necessary for the general well-being of its citizens.
The provision of such services is the primary reason that
governmental entities are in existance.
In Perquimans County, such services are provided
not only by County government and the Towns of Hertford
and Winfall but by groups of citizens organized for the
provision of a single service, as well. Various water,
fire and other associations provide necessary services
within what are commonly referred to as speciaZ service
•
districts. These special districts are organized because
of the need for a specific service in a limited area.
Often the needed service cannot be provided by the govern-
mental entity with jurisdiction in the area because of
geographic or financial limitations. Perquimans County,
for example, has been unable to finance a county -wide
•
water system until just recently and this fact prompted
citizens in the Woodville area to organize and finance
the Inter -County Water Association. This special service
district includes areas in both Perquimans and Pasquotank
Counties.
Service boundaries do not always coincide with
political boundaries, and even municipal and county services
Page 40

are often extended to persons living outside the established
political boundaries. Public services are provided in accor-
dance with the need for such a service and the ability of
local citizens to pay. In some cases these services are
financed on a pay-as-you-go basis with established and fixed
user charges. In others, where it is more difficult to deter-
mine how much a specific service is costing on an individual
basis or how much each individual is benefiting, services are
paid for out of general -tax revenue. The service provided
by a water association is an example of a service that is
financed by user charges and the service of a police department
is an example of a service that is financed out of general
tax revenue. It is much easier to determine the Quantity
water'an individual uses than it is how much police protec-
tion he utilizes.
With the variety of political entities and associations
which are currently providing public services in the County,
it is important to minimize duplication of effort and to
determine the most cost-effective method of providing such
services. The concept of the most service for the least money
is an important one for all consumers of public services.
The specific services to be examined in this section are: 0
1) water facilities
2) sewer facilities
3) solid waste disposal facilities
4) educational facilities
S) recreational facilities
•
Page 41

•
•
6) police protection
7) fire'and rescue services
8) transportation facilities (primary roads)
The facilities examined in this section are dealt with
on a funetionaZ basis. Each of the seven (7) facilities and
services are discussed in terms of the entity providing the
specific service and the county -wide impact.of the combined
service areas.
Water Facilities
Currently in Perquimans County, only those persons
residing in or quite near the Towns of Hertford and Winfall,
and the community of Woodville have access to a public water
system. Elsewhere in the County the reliance is and has
been on individual wells for water.
Although the high water table makes water plentiful
•
throughout the area, in practically every section of the
County the groundwater supplies: 1) have a high iron or
other mineral content, 2) and/or contain objectional amounts
•
of hydrogen sulfide and, 3) range in hardness from hard to
very hard. Existing public supply systems and most indivi-
dual wells are dependent on treatment to reduce hardness
•
and mineral content. The quantity of water available through
a single well, depending on design and specific location,
can vary from 100 to 500 gallons per minute. For additional
information, see Appendix D of this document.
0
Page 42

•
Town of Hertford
The Town of Hertford operates the largest facility in
the County, serving Town residents, several County residents
close to the Town, and the Don Juan Manufacturing Company.
The water supply for the'system is obtained from two (2) deep
wells, each capable of producing approximately four hundred
gallons per minute or 500,000 gallons daily, utilizing a
0 twelve-hour operation.
At present, according to the 1974 Perquimans County
Countywide Water Study, the Town pumps an average of 230,000
• gallons per day to its water customers and the wells average
pumping approximately seven hours each day. The system has
a surplus pumping capacity of about forty -trio percent,
• utilizing the maximum of 12 pumping hours per day recommended
by the State Board of Health.
The high iron content and hardness of the water from
• . the two wells necessitates that it be treated. The operating
capacity of the water treatment facility is estimated to be
500,000 gallons per day, which indicates that the plant is
• currently operating at 46 percent of capacity.
The finished water is stored in a 200,000 gallon ground
storage tank. Elevated storage consists of two (2) tanks,
one with a capacity of 500,000 gallons and the other with a
100,000 gallon capacity. Total storage capacity in the Town
system is 800,000 gallons.
C
Page 43

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n
At present the Town of Hertford water system is adequate
for -local use. The excess pumping, treatment and storage •
capacities over current levels represents an important factor
in local attempts to attract industry.
Town of Winfall
The Town of Winfall water system obtains its water
supply from two (2) deep wells. Each well and pump will.
i
produce 100 gallons per minute. The Town is currently using
approximately 55,000 gallons per day with their pumps operat-
ing'about six hours per day. Utilizing the twelve-hour
•
pumping day recommended by the State Board of Health, the
present pumping facility is operating at fifty percent of
capacity.
The raw water from the wells is treated to remove the
iron and reduce the hardness. The design capacity of the
C
treatment plant is 72,000 gallons per day based on a 12 hour .
operation. Alternating the use of the two (2) wells, using
the first for twelve hours and then the second for twelve
hours, design capacity can be increased to 144,000 gallons
per 24-hour day. This indicates that the treatment facility
is operating at approximately 39 percent of design capacity.
Elevated storage for the system consists of a single
100,000 gallon elevated storage tank. This storage capacity
as well as the pump design and water treatment capacity are
adequate for current town needs.
Page 44
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• Inter -County Water Association
The Inter -County water system serves residents of the
Woodville community in both Perauimans and Pasquotank
. Counties. It has (2) deep wells each producing 75 gallons
per minute and a treatment facility with the same capacity.
With each well being pumped for a twelve-hour period and the
treatment plant operating on a twenty-four hour basis,
design capacity of the system is 108,000 gallons per day.
Present operating capacity is approximately 32,000
+ gallons per day or thirty percent of design capacity. Water
is stored in a 100,000 gallon elevated storage tank.
L__,-The Inter -County system is presently more than adequate
in meeting the water needs of the residents in and around
the,community of Woodville. There does not appear to be any
need to expand the facility or upgrade the quality of the
• service.
Perauimans County (proposed)
The proposed Perauimans County system will serve almost
•
the entire County, with the exception of areas now being
served by the three (3) systems already in existence. The
proposed project includes the construction of: 1) a water
•
distribution system, 2) one 400.gallons per minute water
treatment plant 3) three 220 gallons per minute deep wells
(minimum) and 4) three 200,000 gallon elevated storage tanks.
Although the system is not designed for complete fire protec-
• Page 45

tion, fire hydrants are proposed in more populated areas to
provide water protection and for filling water tankers. It
is also proposed that water be purchased and sold in case of
emergencies from the existing systems of the Towns of Hertford
and Winfall and that the Inter -County system be acquired and 40
made a part of county system.
Within the area of service for the proposed system,
excluding Inter -County, there are approximately 1,600 potential •
water customers. Total population in the area is about 5,250
persons.
Using a figure of 65 gallons per day per person, daily 0
use is predicted to be 341,250 gallons. Design pumping capa-
city will be 475,200 gallons per day utilizing a twelve-hour
day and design treatment capacity will be 576,000 gallons per 0
day. Projected operating capacity is estimated at 59 percent
of design capacity, m.ith regard to pumping, and 72 percent of
design treatment capacity. This system, when constructed, 0
should prove more than adequate to meet the needs of county
residents.
Summary
Each of the three (3) existing facilities appear to be
meeting the needs of those they serve and the proposed Perqui-
mans County system also seems adequate in design. The incor-
poration of the Inter -County system into the County system is
justifiable because of the potential to reduce administrative
costs associated with the smaller system.
Page 46
41

. The existing situation in those areas of the County
which do not, at present, have access to a water system is a
problem in need of attention. The construction of the County
system should alleviate this situation and improve health
conditions in rural areas.
In addition, the linking of all water systems in the
County is of importance in the event that some difficulty
prevents one of the systems from operating. The excess
capacity of the three existing and the one proposed system
would suffice to provide for the needs of affected consumers
• until the system experiencing difficulty could be made func-
tional.
In short, water facilities can be described as more
• than adequate in Perquimans County when construction of the
proposed County system is completed. County residents will
be provided with quality water service that is already being
•
provided by the three existing systems.
Sewer Facilities
Perquimans County has only two sewer facilities, one
of which is the municipal system of the Town of Hertford and
the other is a much smaller package system found in Holiday
Island. Other areas which would benefit from such systems
do -not have them because of the tremendous cost involved.
•
Page 47
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1
Town of Hertford
The only municipal sewer system in the County is located
in the Town of Hertford. The collector system consists pri-
marily of eight inch PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) mains and,
because of the flat terrain, nine (9) lift stations are re-
quired to deliver the sewage to the treatment plant.
The plant is a contact stabilization type waste treat-
ment facility and discharges into the Perquimans River.
Water quality data collected at surveillance stations located
downstream of this discharge indicates that some water
quality standards contraventions have occurred which can be
attributed to this facility. Assimilative capacity calcula-
tions done by the North Carolina Division of Environmental
Management indicate that if this facility maintains the
minimum requirements for secondary type treatment, as defined
by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, it
should protect water quality in the river.
The plant, itself, has a design capacity of 300,000
gallons per day and present loading capacity is between
190,000 and 290,000 gallons per day, depending on rain and
tide. A major problem with the facility is the seepage of
water into its cbZlectors, which contributes to the occasion-
aZ overloading of the plant.
This is being addressed in a I -IUD .201 study which is
currently be conducted and, hopefully, some solution will
be forthcoming. Until this problem has been resolved, it is
Page 48
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•
•
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11
difficult to ascertain what the normal operating capacity
might be. But given existing conditions, the plant is
operating at full design capacity.
0 At present this facility is meeting the needs of Town
residents although infiltration into collectors is ultimately
causing sporadic water quality problems in the Perquimans
0 _ River. For further information on the 201 study and the
•
•
Hertford treatment facility, see Appendix D of this document.
Holiday Island (Coastland Corporation)
Holiday Island is, at present, operating a waste treat-
ment facility with a design capacity of 20,000 gallons per
day. This facility is an extended aeration type which dis-
charges into Minzes Creek. Insufficient data has been
gathered by the N.C. Division of Environmental Management to
determine whether or not water quality standards have occurred
as a result of this discharge. However, given peak load
conditions in the treatment facility and pollution from
other diffuse sources in Minzes Creek, such contraventions
are entirely possible.
The actual operating capacity of the facility is diffi-
• euZt to determine because it is only set up to handle fourty
by seventy foot camper lots. During summer weekends operat-
ing capacity is high but on weekdays and during colder months,
it is quite low. More detailed information on water quality
standards in this area can be found in Appendix D.
40 Page 49

•
At present, this facility is adequately meeting the needs
of its users but has inherent difficulties due to fluctuating
rates of loading. At the request of the N.C. Division of
Environmental Management, the facility will be converted from
a water discharge to a modified subsurface disposal facility,
with a 10,000 gallon holding tank. This should serve the
dual purpose of eliminating the possibility of contravening
water quality standards in Minzes Creek and modifying the
impact of fluctuating loading rates. More detailed information
concerning this conversion is found in Appendix D.
Summary
Most areas of the County are not served by sewer facili-
ties due to the high cost of construction and low population
density. The two areas currently being served by such a
facility are experiencing some difficulty with regard to the
maintenance of water quality standards but measures are
underway to remedy these problems.
•
•
•
•
•
Page 50

•
Solid Waste Disposal
At present, Perquimans County and the Towns of Hertford
and Winfall are operating garbage and refuse pick-up services.
• Each of the three (3) utilizes the Perquimans/Chowan County
Sanitary Landfill, which is located in Chowan County near the
community of Cisco. The investment in equipment was shared
by -the two (2) counties and funded, in part, by grants from
•
the Farmers Home Administration.
The landfill presently consists of fifteen (1S) acres of
land which have been leased from Union Camp and this lease
•
will expire in three (3) years. The two (2) counties are
presently using approximately five (S) acres a year and the
site which is now being used should be completely filled by
the beginning of 1977. Negotiations are currently underway
for additional land in Chowan County,
• Garbage pick-up in both Perquimans and Chowan Counties
is done using two (2) front-end loading trucks, a 1975 White
Easy Pack and a 1973 Ford Easy Pack. A 17S International
• Front -End Loader is used at the landfill site for earth-
0
moving operations.
Perquimans County
Perquimans County utilizes a container system of 61 gar-
bage containers located throughout the County. Pick-up is on
a regular three -times -a -week basis. These containers are
• placed in both the existing communities and rural areas for
Page Sl
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171
0
•
County residents. During the summer vacation months when the
population in many of the developments on the rivers and Albe-
marle Sound increases dramatically, additional containers are
r
placed in the impacted areas to insure adequate service.
At present, solid waste disposal in the County is ade-
quate and functioning relatively smoothly. Providing such
•
service in a rural area is a difficult proposition due to
the dispersal of the population. Actual door-to-door pickup
is economically unfeasible, but the container system appears
to be working well.
Town of Hertford
The Town of Hertford provides municipal garbage and refuse
collection. Although the landfill site in Chowan County is
used, some materials have been used for "fill" in certain low-
lying areas of the Town. In the past, the Town has operated
•
its own landfill site, but it now utilizes the Chowan site as
a "county service".
Present equipment owned and used by the Town consists of •
two (2) garbage trucks, a 1973 Ford Back -End Loader and a 1968
Dodge Side Loader; and two (2) other trucks, a 1969 Ford flatbed
and a 1967 Ford Dump Truck. Pick up is daily at each household
and such materials as leaves, tree limbs and other refuse are
picked up on the curb.
The level of service being provided to Town residents is
both efficient and of high quality. At present there appears
•
Page 52

w
•
to be no real difficulties associated with the solid waste
operation.
Town of Winfall
The Town of Winfall operates a municipal gargage and
refuse service with household pick-up twice a week. The
•
sanitary landfill site in Chowan County is utilized for
disposal and this is provided as a County service at no
additional cost to the Town.
•
Present equipment owned and used by the Town consists
of a single 1974 Chevrolet 1-ton Dump Truck. The service
being provided by the Torn is adequate to meet the needs
i
of residents.
Summary
•
The quality and type of solid waste disposal services
provided by the County and the Towns are adequate to meet
• local needs. There are, given population and other con-
straints, no significant problems associated with present
services.
s
•
• Page 53

Educational Facilities
There are three (3) grammar schools, one (1) junior high •
school and one (1) high school in Perquimans County. All are
public schools and total enrollment in 1974-75 was 2,11S.
Like most northeastern coastal counties, Perquimans County `
has a declining school age population.
As shown in Appendix B, the "Perquimans County Land Use
Survey and Results," considerable concern has been voiced by
local residents with regard to existing educational facili-
ties. The basis of this concern is apparently Perquimans
County High School, where facilities are outmoded and main-
tenance is a problem. A study is currently underway to deter-
mine whether the structure needs to be totally or partially
replaced. The facilities of the three (3) elementary schools
are only 15 to 25 years old and appear to be adequate. The
junior high school also seems to be in good condition both
structurally and functionally.
Although educational facilities can easily be evaluated
in terms of structural conditions and the provision of ade-
quate space, it is extremely difficult to speak in terms of
the quality of service being provided. Actual educational
attainment of County residents is addressed in a previous
section titled "Education", and post high school training
opportunities available at College of the Albemarle in Elizabeth
City are discussed in the section titled "Economic Projections".
Page 54
•
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0
•
It must be assumed that a "quality education" is being
provided in County schools on a par with neighboring areas.
At present, the only difficulty associated with educational
facilities appear to focus on the high school complex. In
all other areas the service provided can be characterized
as adequate.
Police Protection
Police protection in Perquimans County is provided by
the County Sherifft,sDepartment and the Hertford Police
Department. Existing communities and the Town of Winfall
are served by the Sherifft,s Department.
Dispatching operations between the two departments are
•
coordinated to some extent. Both have separate dispatchers
during the day shift (eight -to -five) but the Town dispatcher
handles County calls during the remainder of the time. Both
•
departments utilize the Tri-County Jail in Elizabeth City
since they do not have permanent detention facilities.
• Perquimans County
The Perquimans County Sheriff'-s Department consists of
• two (2) full-time officers and one (1) part' -time. For a
County population, excluding the Town of Hertford, of 6,500
persons; this is a ratio of approximately one officer to
evbry 2,600 people. Obviously this is not a good -situation,
Page 55
•

•
•
although it is not at all uncommon in the region.
AdditionaZ manpower appears to be necessary even though
the County is fortunate to have a relativeZy Zow crime rate. •
Concern with police protection was one of the most frequently
voiced concerns of local citizens in the land use survey,
shown in Appendix A. •
The Department is located in the Perquimans County Court-
house with an office and several detention cells. This facil-
ity is in good condition and adequate to fit'the needs of a
three (3) man department.
Town of Hertford
The Hertford Police Department consists of five (5) full-
time officers or one for every four hundred residents. This
is an excellent ratio. The department is located in the muni-
cipal building; which is in excellent condition. Both in
terms of manpower and existing facilities, the department is
in good condition.
Summary
Police protection in the Town of. Hertford is more than
adequate to meet current needs, but there is some question
concerning the need for increased manpower in the Sheriffs
Department. As stated by local citizens in the Perquimans
County Statement of Objectives, Policies and Standards, the
Page 56
•

E
economic feasibility of placing a sheriff's deputy in each
• township should be closely examined.
0
Fire and Rescue Services
Fire Protection
Fire protection in Perquimans County is provided on
• - a "volunteer" basis. There are presently five (5) volunteer
fire departments located in or near,the Towns of Hertford
and Winfall, and'the communities of Woodville, Bethel and
Belvidere. Of the five (5) townships in the County, only
New Hope Township is without a volunteer fire department.
The departments located in Hertford and Woodville (Inter -County
Volunteer Fire Department) respond to calls in the Township.
The largest department in the County, with regard to both
men and equipment is the Hertford Volunteer Fire Department.
The department has a couplement of twenty-five (25) men and
and 8-A rating from the North Carolina Fire Insurance Bureau.
All fire departments in the County except the Bethel Volunteer
Fire Department have been rated and have received 8-A classi-
fications. This rating is considered good for an all -volun-
teer department.
Hertford volunteer firemen man both Town and County
equipment and respond in areas of the County not covered by
existing departments. They also provide back-up support to
the other departments in the event of a.major fire.
Page 57
•

Dispatching for the five (5) departments is done on an
individual basis. Each department is reached by calling a
different phone number and the firemen are alerted by a sys-
tem of radio -controlled sirens. Individual monitors and radio
equipment are on all fire vehicles. There is presently no
central dispatching facility to assist in coordination.
The structures in which fire fighting vehicles and equip-
ment are housed appear to be in good condition, with the ex-
ception of the Hertford Volunteer Fire Department. Plans are
underway to remedy this situation, however, and once a new
facility is constructed in Hertford, all structures should be
adequate.
Rescue Service
•
The Perquimans County Rescue Squad is an all -volunteer
organization of approximately seventy-six persons who provide •
rescue and ambulance services to County residents. It is to
Gated in the rear of the. Perquimans County Office Building
which is structurally adequate to meet the needs of the squad. •
Dispatching for the rescue squad is handled by two dif-
ferent sources, one during regular business hours and another
during the remainder of the time. Local citizens in need of •
the service must be aware of the two numbers and know which
one to call during certain hours. Obviously this represents
a potential problem. •
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Summary
The quality of fire protection and rescue service in
Perquimans County, as well as the structural condition of
most facilities, are good on the whole. Only the Hertford
Volunteer Fire Department is in need of a new building.
The most potentially dangerous situation which exists
is the Zack of a centrally located dispatching facility to
handle fire and rescue calls. The present system is dis-
jointed and makes it almost impossible to coordinate the
•
actions of two or more fire departments and the rescue
squad. The organization of an emergency operating center
with trained dispatchers capable of making control decisions,
•
with regard to the type of response necessary in each emer-
gency, should be considered. Local citizens should have a
single phone number to call in the event of an emergency
•
instead of the existing assortment of numbers.
•
Transportation
Primary Roads
There are only two (2) primary roads in Perquimans Coun-
ty, Highways 17 and 37. Although most roads in the County
appear to be underutilized according to 1974 traffic flow
diagrams provided by the North Carolina Department of Trans-
portation and Highway Safety, Highway 17 is being used beyond
•
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design capacity in summer months. This highway links pied-
mont North Carolina with Outer Banks beaches and has a tre-
mendous number of tourists and vacationers traveling through
the portion in the County.
•
Secondary Roads
Although most secondary roads in the County are paved
and are state maintained, a significant problem exists with
unpaved roads. Many of these roads are of sufficient quality
to be paved and are, in fact, already state maintained. The
decision with regard to paving is the responsibility of the
North Carolina Secondary Roads Council and is not subject to
direct local control.
Others roads which are not already on the state system •
are subject to fairly stringent standards passed by the Gen-
eral'Assembly in 1975. Before these roads can be accepted
for maintenance by the state, these standards must be met. A •
significant number of roads in subdivisions cannot meet these
criteria and the problem is difficult to deal with. County
subdivision regulations do not require that all new roads •
meet state requirements, and the County does not pave roads
itself.
Summary
•
At present, problems exist with summer traffic on High-
. �
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40
•
way 17 and with unpaved roads in the County. Of the two (2),
the problem of most concern to ZocaZ residents is unpaved
roads. Action should be initiated in the form of petitions
to the Secondary Roads Council and strengthened subdivision
regulations to deal with this concern.
Recreational Facilities
Public recreation facilities in Perquimans County consist
of six (6) sites comprising a total of approximately three (3)
acres. Each of the six sites is a water access area with the
primary recreational emphasis on boating.
Table 14
PUBLIC RECREATION SITES
IN PERQUIMANS COUNTY
Name
Bethel Fishing Center
Dick Drive -In
Town of Hertford Boat Launch
White Hat Landing
New Hope Boat Launch
(Wildlife Commission)
Snug Harbor Marina
Size (in acres
1.0
0.3
0.S
0.3
0.3
Mwe
TVDe of Land
developed
developed
developed
grassland
developed
developed
Source: Recreation Division, Department of. Natural and Eco-
nomic Resources
There are presently no facilities such as parks, swim-
ming areas -and playgrounds open to the public. The need for
• such facilities is documented in the Perquimans County Land
Use Survey, shownin Appendix A. An overwhelming number of
0 Page 61

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residents indicated that the Zack of such facilities in one •
of the most important problems in the County. Other than
boating access areas, no public recreation facilities are
avaliable and this fact constitutes a problem that is in need
of attention.
•
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EXISTING PLANS, POLICIES AND REGULATIONS
Perquimans County
In.the past, Perquimans County has not involved itself in
the planning process. There is no County -wide land use plan in
•
effect and no zoning ordinances have been adopted. The only
plan that has been undertaken is the "Perquimans County Overall
Economic Development Plan" which was written in 1971. Many of
the issues -addressed in that Plan are still relevant to the
existing economic situation.
The only other planning activity undertaken on a County-
wide level was the adoption of subdivision regulations in 1973.
The County is presently reviewing all subdivision platts under
these regulations and is attempting to enforce its provisions.
Although the County used the North Carolina Model Subdiv-
ision Regulations as a guide, a professional planner was not
consulted when the regulations were written. This fact and
subsequent changes in state law have combined to make basic
revisions necessary.
Perquimans County is not presently involved in either
building or housing code enforcement, although new construc-
tion does require a permit for tax purposes. The County is
also not enforcing floodplain regulations but has written a
letter of intent in order to meet the criteria for acceptance
into the emergency program set up by the Flood Disaster Pro-
C,
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tection Act of 1973. Funds have been requested from the Unit-
. •
ed States Department of Housing and Urban Development under
the 701 Planning Assistance Program to write a comprehensive
set of floodplain regulations for the County during the next
•
fiscal year.
Town of Hertford
•
The Town of Hertford has been involved in the planning
process since 1965 when its Master Plan was adopted. This
plan contains a summary of economic trends, a neighborhood •
analysis, a land use survey and analysis and the actual land
development plan.
In 1967 the Town adopted a Public Improvements Program •
to guide expenditures in the public service area. The recom-
mendations set forth in this document have only been partially
implemented, as is the case with the land development plan. •
The growth factor has not provided the necessary incentive
for the expenditure of Town funds in many of the recommended
areas. Most of the policies and goals established in these •
two (2) documents are still applicable to existing conditions
and have been incorporated into current planning efforts.
The Town also has adopted both zoning ordinances and •
subdivision regulations in an effort to control development.
Although the zoning ordinances are being enforced to some de-
gree, the subdivision regulations are not. The Town does not
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•

•
have any sort of zoning officer due to its size and limited
fiscal resources.
•
Both the zoning ordinances and subdivision regulations
are in need of revision in order to update several areas.
• Changes in state law more than changing public opinion or eco-
nomic trends are responsible for the needed changes.
The Town does not, at present, have or enforce either
• housing or building codes. It is not involved in the federal
floodplain insurance program but will come under the regula-
tions to be adopted by the County in the near future. Housing
and building codes are not in effect, again, due to the size
of the Town and its limited fiscal resources.
Town of Winfall
•
The Town of Winfall has not adopted any plans, policies
or regulations dealing with land use. In this area, the Town
comes under the jurisdiction of County planning efforts.
Summary
• Planning efforts and land use controls adopted by the
County and the Town, although inadequate in some respects,
have largely served the needs of the people. There has not
been a tremendous pressure for development or a demand from
local citizens for such controls. Given local financial re-
sources and, the lack of development pressure, both the County
•
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and the Town have done an adequate job.
•
As previously discussed in other sections,•however,
development pressure has started to increase and local public
opinion favors tighter controls than are currently in effect.
•
Areas in the immediate vicinity of the Town of Hertford, and
in the southern part of the County will be experiencing growth
over the next several decades and steps to insure that it is
planned need to be implemented.
E
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SUMMARY OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
Perquimans County
The public participation effort in Perquimans County was
organized by the Citizen's Advisory Committee, a group of
eight (8) local residents appointed by the County Commission.
Representation on the Committee consists of a single member
from each of the five townships, one (1) from the Town of
0 Winfall and two (2) from the Town of Hertford.
This committee was responsible for scheduling community
meetings and presentations to local organizations to discuss
~ coastal management and its county -wide implications. In
addition, the Committee wrote and distributed a land use
questionnaire to local residents and property owners. Re-
0 sponse to this survey was quite good with a rate of better
than twenty-five percent of all questionnaires returned. A
copy of the actual questionnaire, the results and the cover
•
letter can be found in Appendix A of this document.
After the final tabulation of the results of the survey,
several issues of county -wide significance emerged. These
issues, as well as the actual survey results, were discussed
in community meetings in each of the five townships in order
to more precisely determine citizen preferences and future
V
desires with regard to land use. For a more precise and
detailed discussion of those meetings and the public partici-
pation effort, in general, the report of the Citizen Advisory
•
Committee to the Perquimans County Commission is found in
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•
Appendix B.
Utilizing public input from the land use survey and pub-
lic meetings, the Citizen Advisory Committee formulated and
adopted a preliminary Statement of Objectives, Policies and
Standards. This statement was presented to the Perquimans •
County Planning Board, and was used by the Board to formulate
the initial Perquimans County Land Use Plan; with the excep-
tion of the parts of the plan dealing with the Town of Hert- •
ford. Subsequent revisions in both the Plan and the Statement
occurred in Planning Board/County Commission conferences, with
the final document being the product of those meetings. •
Town of Hertford
Public participation in the Town of Hertford was not •
organized in the same manner as in the County because of the
duplication of effort which would have been involved. The
Town Council -chose not to appoint a Citizen Advisory Committee •
but, rather, to rely on the efforts of members of the Town
Planning Board and the three (3) members of the Perquimans
County Citizen Advisory Committee from Hertford Township. •
Two of the three Committee members reside within present
town limits with the third member residing outside those
limits.
•
All meetings held in the Town dealt with both County and
Town planning efforts, and the County -Wide Land Use Survey was
coded to enable a.tabulation of results for Hertford Township. •
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•
Those results are found in Appendix A.
• Utilizing public input from the land use survey and
public meetings, the two groups working together adopted a
Statement of Objectives, Policies and Standards which was
used by the Town Planning Board in preparing the initial
segments of the Perquimans County Land Use Plan pertaining
to the Town of Hertford. Subsequent revisions in both the
• Plan and the Statement occurred in Planning Board/Town Coun-
cil conferences; with the final document being the product
of those meetings.
•
Town of Winfall
• PubZic participation in the Town of WinfaZl was organized
as a part of the County effort by the member of the Citizen
Advisory Committee from the Town. Given existing population,
• elected town officials chose to let the County plan for
Winfall as a part of the County Plan. All public participa-
tion was structured to fall within the organizational frame-.
• work set up by the Perquimans County Citizen Advisory Commit-
tee.
•
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LAND USE OBJECTIVES, POLICIES AND STANDARDS
u
The basis of any successful land use plan must be the
articulated desires of local people. The future of the area
being planned.for belongs to local residents and their child- .
ren; and it is these residents who must make land use deci-
sions.
With these facts in mind, Statements of Objectives,
Policies and Standards have been assembled for Perquimans
County and the Town of Hertford. As previously stated -in the
section on public participation, they were drawn from land •
use survey results as well•as local meetings with groups and
concerned private citizens. They attempt to state as clearly
as possible what most county and town residents have said
they would like to see happen to Perquimans County and the
Town of Hertford in the future. These Statements are central
to the Plan. All land use recommendations stem either direct-
ly or indirectly from these stated objectives, policies and
standards.
Complete Statements of Objectives, Policies and Standards
for both Perquimans County and the Town of Hertford appear on
the following pages. In many ways they are the most important
parts of this land use plan. They outline the direction in ,*
which local people have stated they would like to see the
County and the Town proceed. They serve as guides for future
development and the foundation upon which the planning process
rests.
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PERQUIMANS COUNTY STATEMENT OF
LAND USE OBJECTIVES, POLICIES AND STANDARDS
Objective
I.' The future growth and development of Perquimans County
must be planned and orderly. To help insure this, we
• recommend:
1. The adoption of a County Land Use Plan to be used
as a guide for future growth and development.
2.
The adoption of a comprehensive set of zoning or-
dinances to implement the provisions of the land
use plan.
3.
The strengthening of existing subdivision regula-
tions in order to insure stable communities and
sound community development.
4.
The •adoption of a set of building codes to protect
the potential homeowner and insure a minimum qual-
ity o£ construction throughout the County.
5.
The adoption of a comprehensive set of mobile home
ordinances.
6.
The strict enforcement of such zoning ordinances,
subdivision regulations, mobile home ordinances
and building codes as have been and will be en-
acted.
7.
The creation of a Board of Adjustment, comprised
of members appointed by the County Commissioners,
to whom individuals or groups may petition for
specific exceptions to existing zoning ordinances.
Standards
1.
The County inconjunction with the towns and/or
neighboring counties should explore the possibility
of acquiring a building inspector.
Objective
II. The County should, in conjunction with the towns and
•
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the Chamber of Commerce, actively seek industry and jobs.
However, it must be recognized that the natural environ-
ment and scenic beauty of the County, and the life-style
of its residents are of utmost importance and must be
preserved. Industry which mould threaten the natural
environment of the county or the way -of -life of its
citizens should be discouraged from locating within the
County. Therefore we recommend that:
Policies
1. The County government should work closely with the
towns and the Chamber of Commerce in actively seek-
ing small,.attractive technical industries with
particular attention to those that do not impose
any strain on the local environment or life-style,
and which utilize agricultural and forest products.
2. The future industrial growth should be concentrated
in or near existing communities, protecting prime
agricultural land and the essentially rural charac-
ter of the County.
3. The County should actively discourage the location
of new industry along the County's rivers through
zoning ordinances or whatever vehicle deemed most
effective in this effort.
4. The County, in conjunction with the towns and the
Chamber of Commerce, should immediately review the
possibilities for encouraging the development of
public recreation facilities on the Perauimans,
Little and Yeopim Rivers, including such activities
as boating, sport fishing, swimming, picnicking,
camping and others.
S. The County, in conjunction with the towns, the
Chamber of Commerce and the Restoration Association,
should actively explore the possibility of attract-
ing tourists by restoring where feasible and main-
taining where necessary the historic sites and
homes which are our heritage.
III. The County, in cooperation with the Town, should adopt
and implement a policy of community development, beau-
tification, and should be made to alleviate problem
areas in the County which currently exist or may come
into existanee at a later date. Therefore we recommend
that:
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7
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•
Policies
• 1. The County should adopt a policy to encourage state and
federal assistance in community development and pub-
lic works projects, with particular emphasis on
erosion control assistance for land bordering the
Albemarle Sound and the County's rivers.
• 2. Thb County should adopt a plan for county beautifi-
cation and development of recreation potential, in -
eluding parks, swimming areas and playgrounds.
3. The County should encourage and support detailed
long-range studies of water quality including possi-
ble sources of whatever pollutants might be found in
the actual analysis of water samples taken from the
County's rivers.
4. The County should encourage and support detailed
long-range studies of fish and wildlife populations,
• including pressures on such populations.
5. The County should coordinate all construction of
future water and sewer lines'with whatever land use
plan is in effect at the time and should attempt to
provide as many county residents with these services
• as is -economically feasible.
6. The County should plan for the construction of educa-
tional facilities in accordance with available popu-
lation projections and the overall development plan
to be adopted. All effort should be made to strengthen
• the existing system where feasible.
7. The County should plan for the provision of police
and fire protection in accordance with available
population projections and the overall development
plan to be adopted. These services must be as
modern and professional as possible within monetary
limitations.
8. The County, in conjunction with the Towns, should
continue efforts to attract enough doctors and den-
tists to provide adequate health care for the coun-
ty's citizens.
9. A realistic study and appraisal of the County's tax
base must be undertaken in order to determine what
sources of funding are available to provide for in-
creased public services.
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Standards
.1. The County should seek the services of a professional
administrator to coordinate governmental activities
and explore new sources of funds for county improve-
ment. It would be the responsibility of this admin-
istrator to seek federal and state aid for public
works projects, coordinate the activities of various
groups working for civic improvement within the
County and work with citizens and elected officials
to make the County a better place in which to live.
2. The County should attempt to place a deputy sheriff
in every township as soon as it becomes economically
feasible.
3. Committees should be formed in such areas as recreation,
historical preservation and public services to make
recommendations to the County Commissioners for action
in these areas.
•
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•
TOWN OF HERTFORD STATEMENT OF
OBJECTIVES, POLICIES AND STANDARDS
Objective
I. The future growth and development of the Town of Hertford
must be planned to obtain efficiency, order and beauty
in the Town. To this end it is our recommendation that
the existing Master Plan be revised and updated in order
to serve as a guide for all future growth and development.
1. Land uses must be designed to be compatible rather
than in conflict.
• 2. Land uses must reflect future growth projections
and the most publicly beneficial use to which the
land can be put.
3. The basic character of the Town and the life-style
• of its residents must be preserved as much as
possible.
4. Historic areas properties must be maintained and
preserved as much as possible.
•
S. Natural scenic areas must be retained in the Town
where possible.
6. Vacant areas within present Town limits should be
developed if at all possible.
7. The Town should, in the future, actively pursue a
policy of annexation in those areas adjacent or
contiguous to Town boundaries, as such areas be-
come urbanized and would benefit from the provision
of municipal services.
1. Subdivision regulations, zoning ordinances and
building codes must be enforced.
2. A fire prevention code should be adopted by the
Town Council and enforced by the fire chief or his
designated representative.
3. The services of an inspection officer should be
•
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•
obtained and this office should carry with it the
power of enforcement. •
4. The provision of ample space for public facilities
must be planned for.
5. Parking facilities downtown must be preserved and
expanded if possible. •
6. Public restrooms should be provided in the downtown
area.
7. Particular attention, with regard to annexation,
should be focused on the present extraterritorial
limit of the Town as this area becomes urbanized
and would benefit from the provision of municipal
services.
Objective
II. The residential areas of the Town must be preserved and
future areas must be planned to provide a safe, whole-
some environment for a full family life. To achieve this
objective we recommend that:
Dn14 t-i cc
1. Residential areas must be maintained by the appli-
cation of good zoning controls.
2. Subdivision regulations should serve to insure that
any new residential developments will be properly
planned neighborhoods and reflect the needs of
future residents.
3. The indication of desirable sites for future resi-
dential growth must be incorporated into the new.
Master Plan. •
4. Heavy traffic and business activities are to be
discouraged in residential areas through the appli-
cation of zoning ordinances, subdivision regulations
and sound traffic engineering practices.
Qtnn,gnWA0
1. Residential streets must not become excessively
long.
2. The use of loop and cul-de-sac'streets should be
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•
encouraged in order to maintain privacy and safety.
• 3. Areas for recreation should be provided in each
neighborhood.
4. Fire breaks should be maintained between homes.
5. Periodic building inspection in areas of substandard
• housing should be undertaken and those structures
which constitute a public hazard should be renovated
or demolished. l
6. The location of flammable chemicals, gases and other
hazardous substances within the Town should be
regulated and future location prohibited.
Objective
III. The Town should work closely with the County and the
. Chamber of Commerce in activeZy seeking industry and ,jobs
for the area. Particular attention should be paid to
those industries which do not impose any strain on the
local environment or life style.
Dnl;r;nO
1. Those areas which are most suitable for industrial
growth should be indicated.as such on the Master
Plan and appropriately zoned.
2. Industrial development along the Perquimans River,
especially with regard to polluting industry, should
be prohibited through the use of zoning controls.
3. A variety of commercial and industrial zoning dis-
tricts should be used to cover various commercial
activities.
1. Sufficient water and sewer capacities should be
available to prospective industries.
2. Land options, development rights or land, itself,
should be purchased or obtained in choice areas for
industrial development.
3. Restrictive zoning should be used ahead of develop-
ment to retain land for industrial use.
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•
Objective
IV. The Torn should adopt and implement a policy of community
development, beautification and citizen involvement in
the decision -making process. Attempts should be made to
alleviate problem areas in the Town which currently
exist or may come into existence at a later date.
•
Pnlir•ir�c
1. The potgntial for recreation should be developed
both for Town and County residents.
2. Natural areas and scenic outlooks along the Perqui- •
mans River should be protected from development.
3. The Town, in conjunction with the Chamber of Com-
merce and the Restoration Association, should ac-
tively explore the possibility of attracting tour-
ists and the tourist dollar by restoring where •
feasible and maintaining where necessary the Town's
historic sites and homes.
4. The solution to existing substandard housing prob-
lems should be addressed by local government with
federal and state assistance when possible. •
gtnnrinrd
1. A combination park containing tourist facilities for
overnight campers and a picnic area for tourists
and local residents should be developed.
2. A tourist center should be located in the Town to
provide information as to the description and loca-
tion of historic sites and recreation facilities.
3. A Town recreational facility should be constructed
as soon as it becomes financially possible in order
to provide a place for both youth and adults to
enjoy recreational activities.
4. Suitable land should be provided for public boating •
facilities and scenic outlooks.
5. An area for boating activities should be designated
providing for boat repair, sales and storage.
6. A historical district should be designated on the
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•
• Southside of the Town and promotional campaigns
organized to spur tourism.
7. Existing substandard housing in. the Town should be
renovated where possible and feasible, cleared
where impossible or infeasible.
•
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DESCRIPTION OF PROJECTED CONDITIONS
Population Projections •
T
Perquimans County
According to population estimates provided by the North •
Carolina Department of Administration, Perquimans County is
expected to have between 7,600 and 9,400 persons by the year
2000. Based on such variables as birth rates, death rates, •
migratory trends and economic forecasts, these two projec-
tions represent the upper and lower bounds of the expected
population. Detailed figures are given below in Table 15.
Table 15
Projected Population for Perquimans County •
1980 1990 2000
High 8,500 91000 9,400
Low 7,500 7,500 7,600
C� J
Source: North Carolina Department of Administration
Public input and local opinion would seem to favor the
"high" estimate as opposed to the lower figure. In the Land
Use Survey distributed to county residents by the Citizens
Advisory Committee, 18.7 percent of all respondents stated
that they would like the population to remain the same size
while 3.0 percent wanted it to decrease. The overwhelming
majority, 78.3 percent, were in favor of a small -to -substan-
tial increase. (For more precise information see Appendix
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11
A of this document). It is clear that the majority of local
• citizens favor growth and, for this reason, the "high" figure
has been used for planning purposes.
• Town of Hertford
Although precise population estimates for the Town
of Hertford are not available, they are available for
Hertford Township in which the Town is located. According
to 1970 Census figures, there were 2,763 residents of the
Township, of which 2,009 were Town residents., The projected
figure for the year 2000 is 3,290 persons in Hertford Town-
ship. Obviously, most of those will be Town residents.
Detailed figures are given below in Table 16.
n
11
Table 16
Projected Population For Hertford Township
• r 1980 1990 2000
2,900 3,110 3,290
Source: North Carolina Department of Administration
The Town of Hertford can be expected to experience
moderate growfh in the next twenty-five years. This
corresponds with the stated desires of the people in the
Land Use Survey. For more precise information see Appendix
A of this document.
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ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS
Perquimans County
•
In the next twenty-five years Perquimans County is
expected to remain agricuZturaZZy-oriented. The present
economic cycle in which the County finds itself poses some-
what of a problem with regard to future industrial growth.
As agricultural operations become more mechanized, fewer
farm workers are needed. Small farmers are increasingly
unable to afford the necessary machinery and are forced to
sell their land and seek another type of employment. The
farm population, as a result, has been decreasing steadily
•
while the number of entrants into the nonagricultural work
force is increasing.
Although this trend, in itself, does not constitute a
•
problem; when combined with the fact that the County lacks
an urban center to serve as a potential area of employment,
difficulties arise. Since job opportunities are not abun-
dant in the County, residents are forced to seek work in
neighboring areas or leave the County entirely..
It.has been.demonstrated previously that a large percent-
age of the work force commutes daily to neighboring counties
and the Norfolk, Virginia Area. It has also been shown that
the percentage of young, working -age adults in the County
population is much lower than it should be; indicating that
many people have chosen to leave the County in search of
employment opportunity. Both of these are. essentially w
Page 82
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"negative" economic indicators. The County does not have a
skilled work force upon which new industries could expect to
draw.
Training opportunities are provided by the College of
the Albemarle.in Elizabeth City. The College offers two-year
technical and one-year vocational programs. These appear in
Table 17 on this page. There are no programs offered in the
County of a job -related significance; nor are there any
extensive programsin either Chowan or Gates counties.
Other than those programs offered in Elizabeth City, local
• classes are of the "adult education" variety.
Table 17
Training Opportunities at College of the Albemarle
1975
Technical Programs (2-Year) Vocation Programs (1-Year)
Business Administration Automotive Mechanics
Drafting and Design Technology Cosmotology
Electronics Technology Machinist Trade Program
General Office Technology Practical Nursing
Secretarial Science
Medical Secretary Program
Nursing (Associate Degree)
Source: College of the Albemarle
Although these trends pose problems for industrial
development, there are other more positive factors which
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are also important. Perquimans County and the Town of •
Hertford have obtained options on choice Zand for an industriaZ
park and are in the process of organizing a group of citizens
to provide prospective industries with the information they •
require. This group will operate under the auspices of the
Perquimans County Chamber of Commerce. It will require this
type of organized effort on the part of the County, if it 0
is to attract industry other than the low -skill, low -wage
variety.
It must also be stated, however, that the location of i
new industries in the County is not necessarily a direct
reflection of the ability of local citizens and officials,
to attract them.* National economic trends and other factors •
play an important role. At present, few industries are
expanding or relocating. This makes the problem even more
complex. If present economic trends continue, it will be •
quite difficult for the County to attract the type of
industry that would be beneficial to the local economy.
Although it is possible and even probable that Perqui-
mans County will attract several medium -to -small industries
in the next twenty-five years, the local economy should
remain centered around agriculture and forestry. This
situation is not necessarily unfavorable, however. Existing
evidence indicates that the decline in farm population has
slowed and may begin to stabilize in the future. Agriculture,
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itself, is increasingly becoming "agribusiness" with its own
• array of supportive services.
Certainly, with respect to the existing and projected
world food situation, agriculture will be the most stable
and the most important industry in the world. Demand for
agricultural products from Perauimans County can only
increase, insulating the industry from national and inter-
national economic fluctuations. The decrease in the number
of persons forced off farms, which now seems to be occurring,
will mean less pressure on nonagricultural economic sectors
to provide jobs lost in the agricultural sector.
In addition, great potential exists to develop major
recreational attractions in the County and preserve existing
• ones. The increasing population of both the state and the
nation will place more and more demand on prime water sports
•
and wildlife hunting areas. With proper planning and manage-
ment of natural resources, a healthy injection of tourist
dollars could stimulate the local economy.
Also of potential importance with regard to tourism are
the many historic sites and properties in the County. Proper
preservation and restoration, coupled with promotional cam-
paigns, could possibly attract a large number of tourists
annually. Certainly the potential exists in terms of both
historic sites and current tourist traffic patterns.
•
A final area of potential importance is that of retire -
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•
ment housing. Current trends indicate that a significant
number of people are retiring in the County from other
areas, primarily Tidewater Virginia. The pleasant surround-
ings and the relaxed pace of life make the County a desir-
able place to spend retirement years. If high quality
development occurs in the southern portion of the County
along the rivers and the Albemarle Sound, the influx of
retired persons will certainly increase.
This would be beneficial to the local economy because
the income of those persons would not come from a source
•
within the County. The dollars injected into the local
economy would be new money. This would stimulate the growth
of businesses and services within the County and provide •
additional jobs for local residents.
Perquimans County: Summary
•
Although some industrial growth is needed to diversify
the economic base of the County, it is doubtful that most
residents would approve of a major industrialization of
the County. It is even less likely that such a transition
could occur in the next twenty-five years without dramatic
changes in technology. In all likelihood, Perquimans County
will•remain primarily rural and agriculturally -oriented for
at least the next twenty-five years. Whether or not recrea-
tional and historic attractions are developed is largely up
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to elected officials and concerned citizens.
Given that some effort will be made in those areas, the
• economy should experience some diversification and industrial-
ization. Tourism and the number of retirement -age new resi-
dents should increase slightly, and the number and type of
businesses should reflect these changes. Overall, however,
the economy of the County should not undergo any dramatic
transformations. The economic picture should improve per-
ceptiveZy but slowly.
Town of Hertford
As previously stated, the Town of Hertford is the
commercial center for Perquimans County and is dependent
on the state of its economy. In the next twenty-five years,
• both residential and commercial activity should increase in
the Town as the County population increases. This increased
population should, in turn, make it possible for several
types of retail establishments not currently found in the
Town or County to come into existance, attracting residents
of the county currently shopping elsewhere.
Gross retail sales could increase more than proportion-
ally as county residents that presently shop in neighboring
cities begin to use the Town instead. Obviously it is ex-
tremely difficult to measure or predict such an impact, but
it can be logically presumed to occur at some point in the
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•
future. As •the economy of the County slowly diversifies •
and improves, so should that of the Town. Many of the types
of services that cannot be supported by the existing Town
and County population should locate in Hertford as the pop- •
ulation increases.
•
•
C
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11
PROJECTED PUBLIC FACILITIES DEMAND
•
One of the most important areas of local governmental
expenditure is that of acquiring and maintaining necessary
public facilities. Because of the tremendous cost of such
things as firefighting and street cleaning vehicles, water
and sewer systems, and other capital facilities, it is essen-
tial that these items are properly planned for in the local
government budget. In many cases it is necessary for special
accounts to be used in order to accumulate the necessary funds
for a specific improvement over several years. Other capital
investments are too large to be assumed by local government
alone and require state or federal assistance.
• It is important to anticipate what types of facilities
will be required in the future to support the needs of the
projected population. This section attempts to deal with
public facilities over a ten year period in order to plan for
the growth anticipated within the County.
• Water Facilities
At present, only those persons residing in or quite near
the Towns of Winfall, Hertford and the community of Woodville
have access to a public water system. Construction will begin
shortly, however, on a new'Countywide Water System to serve
other County residents.
During the ten-year planning period it is estimated that
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each of the four (4) facilities will be adequate to serve the
needs of its customers. The proposed Countywide Water System
will be designed to link up with the other systems in the County
in order to increase the "flexibility" of each system. In the
event of some unforeseen difficulty which could render a well
or treatment facility inoperable, the effected system could pur-
chase water from another or other systems until the problem is
remedied. This aspect is extremely important since both the
Hertford and Winfall Systems are only operating at about fifty
percent of capacity.
The Inter -County System is operating at approximately thirty
percent of capacity and current plans call for it to become an
integral part of the proposed Countywide System. This will fur-
ther reduce the estimated seventy-two percent of design capacity
at which the Countywide System will be operating. Given project-
ed growth figures, the water systems in the County should provide
adequate and high quality service to County residents once the
proposed system has been constructed.
Sewer Facilities
There are, at present, only two (2) sewage treatment facil-
ities in Perquimans County, the municipal system of the Town of
Hertford and a much smaller package facility found in Holiday
Island servicing camper lots. The Town of Winfall has, in the
past, given the question of constructing a municipal facility
C
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•
•
careful consideration but found the undertaking to be beyond
the financial capability of the Town.
Town of Hertford
• As stated,in detail in Appendix D, "Water Quality in Per-
quimans County", the Town facility is suffering from ground-
water infiltration into its collectors. This results in an
•
occasional overloading of the treatment plant and sporadic
water quality problems in the Perquimans River.
The system is currently operating at approximately full
• design capacity. This indicates that the capacity of the
system will need to be expanded significantly over the ten year
planning period if it is to meet the needs of new residents and
businesses.
The municipal system serves not only Town residents and
businesses, but also has extended lines to the industrial park
•
site outside Town limits. The provision of adequate sewer
service to the site is of extreme importance in attempting to
attract industry. So an increased treatment capacity is nec-
essary not only to provide Town residents with adequate service
while protecting water quality in the river, but also to aid
the County as a whole in its industrial expansion program.
•
At present, the Town system is being examined in a feder-
ally -funded study which will determine the extent of the infil-
• tration problem and methods of remedying the condition. Quite
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•
possibly the operating capacity can be reduced enough to post-
pone the expansion of design capacity, which would be a costly
undertaking. In this manner, municipal needs over the ten year
planning period could be met.
•
It is apparent, however, that future industrial needs gen-
erated from the park miZZ be diffieuZt to meet especially if
the industry or industries locating there are primary water
•
users. In such a case, the new industry or industries would be
forced to construct their own facility. This is not an unusual
situation but it is one that should be noted by those involved
in the industrial expansion program.
The 1972 Water Pollution Control Amendments require pre-
treatment of all industrial wastes before they can be discharged
into a public waste treatment system. Any new industry gener-
ating such wastes would be forced, by law, to construct its
own pretreatment facilities but would retain the option of either
constructing an entire system or partially utilizing a local
public system. For this to be a viable option in the industrial
park, however, the Town of Hertford will be forced to expand its
treatment facilities.
Holiday Island
•
As discussed in detail in Appendix D, "Water Quality in
Perquimans County", the Holiday Island package system is de-
signed to serve the needs of weekend campers.' As it presentZy ' •
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•
exists, it will not be adequate to serve the needs of increased
numbers of campers over the ten year planning period. However,
with the modifications suggested by the North Carolina Division
of Environmental Management, the facility can be upgraded and
its weekend capacity increased substantially.
All indications are that the suggested modifications will
be constructed and the possible threat to water quality elimi-
nated. When this occurs, the system should be more than ade-
quate to provide for the needs of its users over the planning
period.
•
Solid Waste Disposal
At present, both Perquimans County and the Towns of Hert-
ford and Winfall operate refuse pick-up services. Each of the
three (3) utilize the Perquimans/Chowan County Sanitary Land-
• fill. During the ten year planning period, a1Z equipment will
need to be replaced and more land will have to be obtained for
fill purposes. The need for more land is immediate but the
garbage trucks and earth -moving equipment utilized jointly by
Perquimans and Chowan Counties are relatively new and will not
need to be replaced until the later half of the planning period.
The Town of Hertford will have two (2) garbage trucks to
replace in the last half of the planning period and a dump
truck and flatbed truck which will need replacement during the
• first half. The Town of Winfall has only one vehicle assigned
to garbage pick-up and it will need replacement in the second
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•
half of the planning period.
On the whote, soZid waste disposaZ services are in satis-
factory condition. Replacement of vehicles during the ten
year planning period is standard and negotiations are presently
underway to obtain more land for fill operations. If these
negotiations are successful and the necessary vehicles re-
placed, refuse pick-up should be adequate over the next ten
years.
Educational Facilities
•
The only educationaZ facility which wiZZ not prove ade-
quate over the pZanning period appears to be Perquimans Coun- •
ty Nigh SchooZ. The building is old and outmoded, and mainte-
nance has become a problem.
A private consulting firm.was.retained by the Perquimans
County Board of Education to study the existing situation and
provide them with alternatives. The results of this study
have been presented to the County Commission and some sort of
decision will be reached in the immediate future. Hopefully,
the resulting renovation can begin in the next several years
and the complex can be made functional again. When this work •
is completed, the high school should prove adequate to meet
the needs of its students over the remainder of the ten year
period. The other educational structures in the County appear •
to be adequate at present and should remain so over the plan-
ning period. The projected school -age population in the Coun-
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•
ty should not increase at a rate which would necessitate any
0
new construction, other than that associated with Perquimans
[1
County High School.
Police Protection
Police protection in Perquimans County is provided by the.
• Sheriff's Department with the Hertford Police Department pro-
viding the same service within Town limits. The Sheriff's
office is located in the County Courthouse and the Hertford
• Police Department is in the Hertford Municipal Building. Both
structures are adequate to meet the basic needs of the respec-
tive law enforcement agencies and should remain so during the
ten year planning period.
Neither department has permanent detention facilities but
rather utilize the Tri-County Jail in Elizabeth City. This
9 arrangement is economically beneficial to both Town and County
departments and should prove adequate during the planning
period. Temporary detention facilities are located in the
County Courthouse and are used until prisoners can be trans-
ported to the Tri-County Jail.
Equipment which must be replaced during the planning
• period includes all automobiles and other items of limited
durability. Although not extremely large capital expenditures,
the replacement of this equipment should be planned on a regu-
lar basis in order to assure adequate public service. This is
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•

LJ
standard practice in both the Town and County and does not rep-
resent any departure from current budgetary practice. •
In terms of actuaZ physicaZ facilities, both departments
are weZZ-situated and do not face any major capitaZ outZays
during the pZanning period. The only potentially significant •
fiscal expenditure which might occur in the next ten years
deals with a manpower increase in the Sheriff's Department.
Citizens have indicated that they would like to have a deputy •
f in each township when it becomes economically possible. This
would mean not only increased personnel costs but also in-
creased equipment and operating costs. t •
Fire and Rescue Services
0
Fire Services
Fire protection in the County is provided on an all -vol-
unteer basis with departments located in the Towns of Hertford
and Winfall, and the communities of Woodville, Bethel and Bel-
videre. Of the five (5), onZy the Hertford Fire Department
wiZZ need to repZace the buiZding in which it is housed during
the ten year pZanning period.
The Hertford Town Council is currently studying the situ- •
ation and has come up with several alternatives. Once this
problem has been rectified, all buildings in the County
housing firefighting equipment will be structurally sound
Page 96

•
enough to meet the needs of the respective departments.
A complete listing of firefighting vehicles by department
is provided below. A twenty (20) year replacement date has
•
been used as a guide for the purchase of new equipment. This
date applies to all vehicles except tankers which have a
longer life expectancy than other firefighting vehicles.
•
Hertford VFD Equipment
1975
•
Age and Type of Equipment 20-year replacement date
1-1962 Howe 750 GPM Pumper 1982
(500 gal. tank)
1-1971 Howe 750 GMP Pumper 1991
(700 gal. tank)
•
1-1963 1200 Gallon Ford Tanker N/A
'
1-1940 American La France Pumper 1960
(Reserve)
Win -fall VFD Equipment
•
Age and Type of Equipment 20-year replacement date
1-1973 John Bean 750 GPM Pumper 1993
(500 gal.)
1-1959 Ford Chrysler Aux. Pumper 1979
500 GPM
•
•
•
Belvidere -Chappell Hill VFD Equipment
Age and Tvpe of Eauipment
1-1971 Chev. Daley 350 GPM Pumper
(300 gal.)
1-1975 John Bean 750 GPM Pumper
(500 gal.)
1-1963 Dodge tanker 1000 gal.
1-1951 Auto Car 3000 gal. tanker
(Reserve)
20-year replacement date
1991
1995
N/A
N/A
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•
Inter -County VFD Equipment
•
Age and Type of Equipment 20-year replacement date
1-1971 Am La France 750 GPM Pumper 1991
(500 gal.)
1-1964 Int. Tanker 350 GPM N/A •
1-1952 Ford 500 GPM Pumper 1972
(Reserve Unit)
Bethel -Community VFD Equipment
•
Age and Type of Equipment 20-year replacement date
1-1974 Chev. Atlas 1200 gal. tanker N/A
1-1951 Ford 500 GPM Pumper 1971
(Reserve) •
As noted above, some of the firefighting vehicles current-
ly in use are outdated and in need of replacement. Others •
will need replacement during the planning period. On the whole,
however, the fire departments are in good condition with regard
to facilities and equipment. The level of service that is
currently being provided should remain adequate throughout the
next ten years given the replacement of outdated vehicles.
•
Rescue Service
The Perquimans County Rescue Squad is an all -volunteer
organization which provides ambulance and rescue service to •
County residents. The structure in which the vehicles are
housed should prove adequate over the ten year planning period.
Present equipment consists of a 1969 Pontiac Ambulance
Page 98

and a 1973 Chevrolet Van Ambulance. A 1975 Chevrolet Modular
• Ambulance has been ordered. During the planning period, the
1969 Pontiac and possibly the 1973 Chevrolet will need to be
replaced. On the whole, however, the Rescue Squad should be
•
able to provide adequate service given the replacement of the
two (2) ambulances.
Transportation
The issue of primary and secondary roads in the County is
a difficult one to deal with since these roads are state main-
tained. Highway 17 appears to be in need of widening into
four lanes to accommodate the heavy flow of tourist traffic
• during the warmer months but whether or not it will be done is
a state decision. In all liklihood, traffic flow on Highway
17 will increase during the planning period making it even more
• important to expand its capacity.
Secondary roads in Perquimans County appear to be under-
utilized acgording to 1974 traffic flow diagrams provided by
the North Carolina Department of Transportation. A problem
exists, however, in that a significant number of these roads
are unpaved. Again, the decision to pave a road lies with the
• state and unpaved roads are fairly common in the northeastern
portion of the state.
During the,ten year planning period, both primary and
• secondary roads should be improved. An improved transportation
network is essential to the economic well-being of the County
• - Page 99

•
and its residents. •
Recreation
Present recreational facilities in the County which are
open to the public are all boating access areas. There are no
parks, swimming areas or playgrounds which can be used by Coun-
ty residents. During the ten year planning period, it would
be optimal for both Town Councils and the County Commission to
seriously consider some sort of recreational facility not
entirely devoted to boating. The lack of such a facility was
noted by many citizens in the Perquimans County Land Use Survey
as the most important problem facing the County.
•
0
•
•
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71
PROJECTED NEED OF PLANS, POLICIES AND REGULATIONS
Perquimans County
The County is presently utilizing subdivision regulations
r to control deveZopment but, as previously discussed, they are
in need of basic revisions. Since the regulations were adopt-
ed by the County Commission in 1973, changes in state law have
occurred which need to be incorporated. .Another difficulty
which exists with the present regulations has to do with their
inability to control the subdivision of land when it is divid-
49 ed and sold a few lots at a time. By utilizing this type of
development, the intent of the regulations can be entirely
circumvented.' This constitutes a problem which is in need of
40 attention.
One of the most pressing needs. in the County is for some
form of zoning control. In the southern portion of the Coun-
•
ty, as previously discussed in the section entitled, "Existing
Land Use", the need is particularly severe. This is the pri-
mary "growth area" and necessitates protective measures being
enacted. It is crucial to control the type of development
presently occurring in order to prevent the area from becoming
a depository for low value second homes and mobile homes. This
has occurred in neighboring counties closer to the Norfolk
Virginia metropolitan area and is beginning to occur in Per-
quimans County. A good set of zoning ordinances would help
•
insure more balanced development and ease the potential tax
Page 101
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r
burden which would eventually be imposed on County residents
by low quality development.
These ordinances would also have the effect of protecting
property values throughout the County and insuring that in-
compatible growth will not occur side -by -side. In the northern
and central portions of the County, however, development pres-
sure is not as intense and the ordinances need not be as strin-
gent.
Another type of control which would aide the County to
control the type of development which will occur is a set of
building codes. These codes would assure minimum standards
of construction and contribute to better housing throughout the
County. The state has written and published a set of building
codes which are easily obtained and already have the force of
law. What is lacking in Perquimans County is enforcement
capacity. The addition of a building inspector would rectify
this difficulty and increase the quality of construction in
the area.
A final pressing need is for a set of fZoodpZain regula-
tions in order to bring the County into compliance with the
Flood Disaster Protection Act of Z973. Under the provisions
of the Act, floodplain regulations must be enacted and en-
forced before local residents can obtain flood insurance or
borrow money from federal agencies or private institutions
subject to federal regulations. At present, the Bear Swamp
Watershed Project is being held up because floodplain regula-
Page 102
•
•
•
•
11
A
•

•
tions have not been adopted.
• In the near future, however, the County Commission will
probably enact such regulations and come into compliance with
the Act. Planning funds have already been requested from the
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development for
that purpose.
+� Town of Hertford
The Torn of Hertford has, but is not currently enforcing,
subdivision regulations, zoning ordinances and building codes.
Both the subdivision regulations and zoning ordinances are in
need of revision for various reasons and some sort of enforce-
ment capability is needed.
•
The addition of an extraterritorial limit has imposed the
need for new zoning in an area not previously covered by such
. ordinances: This will be an undertaking by the Town Planning
Board and Town Council working in conjunction. Growth in
this area must be controlled because of Town plans to annex
the area once it becomes sufficiently developed to require
municipal services.
The Torn, like the County, is facing the problem of
enacting fZoodpZain regulations. In this particular circum-
stance, however, the Town Council has indicated a desire
to let the Town come under regulations which will be enacted
• by the County.
Page 103
E

Town of Winfall
E7
The Town of Winfall is not presently involved in land use
control and, in all liklihood, will not be in the near future.
County regulations and ordinances should be sufficient to 0
guide growth in future years.
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Ll
LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
Discussion of Purpose
is In recent years the people of North Carolina have express-
ed an awakened concern for our most basic natural resource, the
land. There is concern that the absence of well understood and
+ widely accepted land use policies may result in needless devel-
opment of agriculturally productive lands, critical wildlife
habitat, wetlands, and scenic resources. These lands are im-
4P - portant to the people in their natural state and their de-
struction would represent an almost irretrievable loss.
One of the fundamental new tools for -managing land in
9 coastal North Carolina is the Land Classification System adopt-
ed by the Coastal Resources Commission. The system currently
consists of five (5) classes of Zand, nameZy: developed, tran-
0 sition, community, rural and conservation. Each of these
Ll
classes is mutually exclusive, and taken together they are
designed to cover all the lands of the State.
First, the land classes are categories to accomodate all
the types of land uses. Local land use plans frequently con- ,
tain numerous land use categories, which is not characteristic
of the new System. The classes in the System are only five
(5) in number and may, therefore, be used to create a more
• generalized countywide plan.
Second, the land classes represent degrees of land deveZ-
Page 105

w
opment intensity or population density'. The Land Classifica-
tion System covers the entire range of development intensity
that may be desired by state or local government.
Third, the land classes are an expression of commitment
to public facilities and services. While some classes may •
require few or no public services, others entail a commitment
to water, sewer and streets. Because intensive development
puts new demands on basic public services, future patterns •
of land use and commitment to public services are inseparable.
The classification of land is the responsibility of
local government. The Land Policy Act directs the State to •
establish consistent rules and standards of the Land Classi-
fication System, itself. Once local government has classi-
fied the land, an effort should be made to help insure that •
funds for new public facilities, any purchases of land or
easements, and regulation of development will be consistent
with the classifications.
0
The Land Classification System will serve as a basic tool
for coordinating numenouz policies, standards, regulations,
•
and other governmental functions at the local, state and even
federal level. This function of coordination may be described
in four (4) applications:
•
First, the system is a method of Zinking local land use
plans and state land use policies. Lands are classified by
local government but are subject to review by the Coastal
•
Page 106
•

Resources Commission in order to establish conformance with
the guidelines of the system. Ultimately the plans of the
twenty (20) coastal counties will combine to form the plan for
the entire coastal region.
Second, the system provides a guide for budgeting and
planning for public investments in land. The "conservation"
class should alert state and local agencies to areas that
should be given high priority for purchase as public outdoor
recreation lands. The "transition" class should alert local
and state officials to begin acquiring land and easements
necessary for such public services as schools, streets and
other facilities. By identifying such lands at present, state
and local governments can more easily work toward common ends
in the future.
Third, the system will providd a framework for coordi-
nating regulatory policy. The different classifications are
each in need of somewhat diverse regulations. In "conserva-
tion" lands the state should focus a great deal of attention
while in "transition" lands local government should apply
zoning and subdivision controls.
Fourth, the system has the potential to provide a frame-
work for a more -equitable distribution of the land tax burden.
Land classified as "rural" should not be taxed at the same
rate as "developed" land. Taxes should reflect the higher
value of land a-ssociated with intensive development.
In summary, the Land Classification System provides for
Page 107

both local and state involvement in land use planning and man-
agement. It offers a wide range of choices for local govern-
ment in deciding its own future and at the same time provides
increased assurance that basic land use needs will be met in
coastal North Carolina.
Land Classifications f
The Land Classification System of the Coastal Resources
Commission contains five (5) classes of land. •
1. Developed - where existing population density is mod-
erate to high and where there are a vari-
ety of land uses which have the necessary
public services.
2. Transition - where local government plans to accommo-
date moderate to high density development
during the following ten year period and
where necessary public services will be
provided to accommodate that growth.
3• Community. - where low density development is grouped
in existing settlements or will occur in
such settlements during the following ten
year period and which will not require
extensive public services now or in the S
future.
4. Rural - where the highest use is for agriculture,
forestry, mining, water supply, etc.,
based on their natural resources poten-
tial; also, lands for future needs not
currently recognized.
S. Conservation - fragile, hazard and other lands nt-vssary
to provide for the public health, safety
or welfare. S
Page 108 0

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Developed
The purpose of classifying lands "developed" is to identi-
fy areas which are presently provided with essential public
services and have a relatively high population density. Conse-
quently, it is distinguished from areas where significant
growth and/or new public service requirements will occur. Con-
tinued development and redevelopment should be encouraged to
provide for orderly growth in these areas.
Developed lands, as defined by the Coastal Resources Com-
mission, are those areas with a minimum gross population densi-
ty of 2,000 people per square mile. These areas must contain
public services including water and sewer systems, educational
A systems and road systems; all of which are able to support the
present population and its accompanying land uses including
commercial, industrial, and institutional.
A.
Transition
A The purpose of classifying "transition" lands is to iden-
tify areas where moderate to high density growth is to be en-
couraged and where any such growth that is permitted by local
A regulation will be provided with the necessary public services.
These lands, as defined by the Coastal Resources Commission,
are areas required to support estimated population growth at
a minimum gross density of 2,000 people per square mile. A
proposed increase of 10,000 persons, for example, would neces-
Page 109

7
sitate the designation of transition lands of up to five (5)
square miles, but no more. In addition, consideration must be
given to the cost of public services in transition areas, and
local government is encouraged to estimate the approximate
cost of providing public services where they do not already
exist.
Lands to be classified transition should be considered in
the following order:
0
•
Z) First priority is for Lands which presently have a w
gross population density of more than 2,000 people per square
mile, but do not qualify as "deveZoped" because they Zack the
necessary minimum public services. These areas may not be
expected to accommodate additional population, but they will
require funds for services •to avoid public health and safety
problems.
0
2) Second priority is for lands that have all the neces-
sary public services in place, but which Zack the minimum
gross population density of 2,000 people per square mile need-
ed to qualify the area as "developed". These areas therefore
have not utilized the capacity of the existing services.
3) Additional lands necessary to accommodate the re-
mainder of the estimated transition growth for the ten-year
planning period. In choosing lands for the transition class,
such lands should not include:
a. Areas with severe physical limitations for dev-
a
Page 110

elopment with public services.
b. Lands which meet the definition of the "conser-
vation" class.
c. Lands of special value such as prime agricul-
tural lands.
Community
The purpose of the "community" classification is to iden-
tify existing and new clusters of loin density development not
• requiring major public services. The community class, as
defined by the Coastal Resources Commission, includes existing
clusters -of one or more land uses such as rural residential,
• church, school, general store, industry, etc.
This class will also provide for all new rural growth
when the lot size is ten acres or less. Such clusters of
• growth may occur in new areas, or within existing community
lands. In choosing lands for "community" growth, such lands
should not include:
w a. areas with severe physical limitations for dev-
elopment;
b. areas meeting the definition of the "conserva-
tion" class;
C. lands of special value such as prime agricul-
tural lands.
• In every case, the lot size must be large enough to
Page 111

L
safely accommodate on -site sewage disposal where no public
r,
u
water or sewer facilities will be required in the future.
Limited public services such as roads and electric power
should be provided in the area.
As a guide for calculating the amount of land necessary
to accommodate new rural community growth, a gross population
density of 640 persons per square mile or one (1) person per
•
acre should be used. If, for example, 1,000 new people are
expected to settle in low'density clusters during the follow-
ing ten year period, then roughly 1,000 acres of land should •
be allocated for new growth in community class areas.
Rural
The purpose of the "ruraZ" classification is to identify
Zand for Zong-term management and productive resource utili-
•
nation, and to determine where limited pubZic facilities will •
be provided. Development in such areas should be compatible
with resource production. The rural class, as defined by the
Coastal Resources Commission, includes all lands not in the A
developed, transition, community and conservation classes.
•
Conservation
.The purpose of the "conservation" cZass is to identify
Zand which should be maintained essentiaZly in its natural •
Page 112

L
state and where Zimited or no pubZic services are provided.
• Lands to be placed in the conservation class are the least
desirable for development because:
1. They are too fragile to withstand development their
natural value and/or;
2. They have severe or hazardous limitations to devel-
opment and/or;
• 3. Though they are not highly fragile or hazardous, the
natural resources they represent are too valuable to
endanger by development.
Review Procedure
The local land classifications and the map, itself, must
•
be reviewed and updated every five (5) years by local govern-
ment. Each class is designed to be broad enough so that fre-
quent changes in maps are not necessary. But in extreme
•
cases, such as the placement of a large residential or indus-
trial facility in a county, the Coastal Resources Commission
• can allow local government to revise its land classification
map before the five (5) year period has expired.
Land Classification Maps
The land classification maps for both the Town of Hert-
ford and Perquimans County utilize the Land Classification
• System, as previously discussed. Although all five (5)
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•
classes of land are not present in the County and Town maps
(no areas meet the criteria established for "developed lands")
these maps represent the ten-year planning goals of the re-
spective governmental entities.
It must be noted, in the Perquimans County Land Classifi-
cation Map, that the Harvey Point Defense Facility is not cZas-
sified due to its nature. This area is owned by the federal •
government and is not subject to state and local planning
efforts. There do not appear to be any plans to expand the
facility or increase its already limited impact on Perquimans •
County.
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Page 114 •

•
LAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS
(See Pocket Inside Back Cover)

•
LAND USE COMPATIBILITY PROBLEMS
Perquimans County
There are, at present, no significant land use compati-
bility problems in the County but such problems are begin-
ning to appear in the southern portion along the rivers and
sound. The current trend toward recreational and second -
home development is expected to continue although projected
population figures indicate that growth will not be Substan-
tial.
• At present, according to information supplied by the
Perquimans County Register of Deeds, there are approximately
four thousand lots in developments located in the southern
• portion of the County. Of these, slightly more than half
remain unsold and only a very small percentage have actually
been built on. It is important to note that property which
• is being purchased on a time payment basis is not recorded
as "sold" in the Register of Deeds Office until the final
payment is made and the title is transferred. Therefore it
• can be safely assumed that some of the lots listed as "un-
sold" are actually being purchased on a monthly payment basis.
The significance of these figures to potential growth is
apparent. The future development of land which has already
been subdivided and sold, but not built on, would result in
a tremendous population increase for the area. This is an
• inherent factor which must be considered in terms of both the
Page 11S
•

•
provision of publid services and the capability of the land to
sustain such growth. It is not anticipated that this type of
growth will occur in the next decade but the potential is
there. New zoning ordinances and revised subdivision regula-
tions cannot regulate development which will occur in areas
which have aixeady been platted and recorded in the Register
of Deeds Office. -
Although land use controls cannot rectify past mistakes,
they are extremely important to assure that adverse trends are
not carried forward into the future. All -new develoments,
either residential or recreational, should be designed and con-
structed in a manner consistent with the capability of the land
and water r6sources in the•area and be of sufficient quality
to provide for the cost of additional public services which
will be required. These objectives, with regard to new develop-
ment, can be met through zoning and subdivision controls.
Town of Hertford
There are no presently existing'Zand use compatibility
•
problems in the Town other than the location of several gas
and oil storage facilities inside the Town limits. This poses
a difficult problem for elected officials and concerned citi-
•
zens due to -the extreme cost which would be associated with
relocating such facilities in a less populated area. ASSiS-
tance in this area will be requested from any available state
r
or federal funding sources.
Page 116 40

•
Future residential and commercial .growth that is expected
to occur immediately outside existing Town limits will be
subject to Town land use controls in the newly -adopted "extra-
• territorial limit". Revision of the existing subdivision
regulations and the adoption of new ,zoning ordinances for the
area should combine to assure good future residential and
• commercial development.
•
•
U
Carrying Capacity of the Land and Water
One of the most crucial factors in the entire development
planning process is the ability of the land and water to sus-
tain growth. A wide variety of variables determine this
capacity and it can increase or decrease depending on how
significantly these variables are altered. For example, the
carrying capacity of a specific tract of land with water and
sewer facilities is considerably higher than the capacity of
the same tract utilizing individual septic tanks.
In Perquimans County as in most of the coastal region,
•
the major natural limitations have to do with soil types and
high water tables. These factors have important implications
for building foundations, water supplies and the use of septic
tanks. For a more complete discussion of factors relating to
septic tanks and water quality, see Appendix D of this docu-
i ment. Given the present population and economic projections,
the issue of carrying capacity arises only in the southern
•
Page 117

•
portion of the County. Problems associated with development
in that area have been previously discussed and measures
outlined to deal with the growth potential of the area.
•
Other portions of the'County are not expected to develop
significantly in the foreseeable future and are not yet
beginning to approach the threshold of tolerance. The Town
•
of Hertford has both municipal water and sewer systems and
plans to accommodate projected growth within existing Town
limits and its Extraterritorial limit. The presence of such
•
systems and good land use regulations will serve to assure
that the capacity of the land to sustain growth will not be
exceeded. •
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•
CONSTRAINTS TO DEVELOPMENT
One of the most important elements of coastal land use
» planning is the identification of constraint areas. In the
Perquimans County'Land Use Plan these are divided into both
areas with physical limitations and areas of resource poten-
tial. Maps and a general discussion of these areas are
included in this section on the following pages.
40 Areas with Physical Limitations
Areas which impose physical limitations to growth in
Perquimans County are those which exhibit such characteris-
tics as poor drainage, excessive shoreline erosion, unsuit-
ability for the installation o-f- septic tanks, and others.
All areas of environmental concern are necessarily included
in this subsection because of the permit restrictions which
will be adopted at a later date. Each of the areas with
• such inherent limitations are discussed and mapped on the
•
following pages.
General Soil Associations
The general soils map shows seven (7) soil associations,
their approximate location, and extent. A soil association
• consists of two (2) or more soils which make up the major
portion of the landscape. Each of the associations are
described .on this and the following pages as to soil
• characteristics, location, and extent.
Page 119

•
Soil Names and Acres Within Each Association
Number
Percent of Total
Soil Type
of Acres
County Acreage
Conetoe
1,336
Wando
1,169
Dragston
835
Conetoe-Wando-Dragston Assoc.
3,340
2.0
Bladen
34,576
Lenoir
26,893
Craven
15,367
Bladen-Lenoir-Craven Assoc.
76,836
46.0
" Bladen
18,707
Bayboro
18,707
Portsmouth
16,035
Bladen-Bayboro-Portsmouth Assoc.
53,449
32.0
Bertie
6;430
Tomotley
62430
Altavista
5,511
Bertie-Tomotley;Altavista Assoc.
18,371
11.0
Wickham
1,447
Altavista
1,280
Wahee
612
Wickham-Altavista-Wahee Assoc.
—3,339
2.0
Dorovan
53,846
Johnston
2,505
Dorovan-Johnston Assoc.
8,351
5.0
Dare
1,447
Ponzer
1,447
Wasda
443
Dare-Ponzer-Wasda Assoc.
3,337
3.0
1Minor acreages of other similar soils are included in the
acreages for each major soil.
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation
Service
Page 120
LI
u
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s THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN PART THROUGH A PLANNING GRANT
FROM THE COASTAL PLAINS REGIONAL. COMMIS SION.ADMINISTER ED DT 1HE NORTH
7 \ CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND ECONOMIC RESOURCES.
. cDONr � ` � ,
y "•I v� 1 t• �
I- / -�' .3 1 7 f% '" GENERAL SOIL ASSOCIATION MAP
i
ro 9 p Legend
1 Conetoe-Wando-Drogston
r 2 Bladen-Lenoir-Craven
3 Bladen-Bayboro-Portsmouth
z ^j r' +A. .". �.�` —� 2 "i*1,. 4 Bertie-TomotIey-Altavista
`�: "" 46 5 Wickham-Altavisto-Wohee
�•� `� .4 4' ,., \ � � .�� 6 Dorovan-Johnston
4
/" 7 Dore-Ponzer Wasda
' ' . ' w�.o. , ` L, E'
lit
. ror. ,> ,• � , we•d� Q
< t��� ':✓ \ �, „. I SCALE
» ' a
•✓ '• : t`� ]s'.o•
raun
r
{ 3
' tlf'1F NA.NY r •im'' V� • •\
"u '7 DURANTS •• •�
NECK`-
2 _ 2 - a
, ,.,, ► ,� ,..._..
PERQUINIANS COUNTY
—
�'� x NORTH CAROLINA

Description of Soil Associations:
1. Conetoe-Wando-Dragston Association:
Well drained (Conetoe), excessively drained (Wando), and
somewhat poorly drained (Dragston) soils with thick grey
• sandy surfaces and friable to loose yellowish red to
mottled grey and yellow sandy subsurface layers.
This association makes up approximately two (2) percent
of the total acreage in the County. It occurs as a narrow
strip contiguous to the County line from a point just below
the intersection of county road 1002 and 1115 to the Gates
County line at Joppa.
The Conetoe series makes up approximately 35 percent
of the association. They are well drained sandy soils
« with thick surface layers over the redish-yellow, friable,
loamy subsurface layers underlain by thick, sandy sub -
stratums.
The Wando series makes up approximately 30 percent of
the association. They are excessively drained, deep reddish
yellow, loose sandy soils occurring primarily in the eastern
edge of the County between Cannon's Ferry and White's Landing.
The Dragston series makes up approximately 20 percent
of the association. They are somewhat poorly drained soils
with sandy surfaces and thin friable loamy subsurfaces.
• They occur as small random areas within the association
on the lower elevation. Small areas of soils such as very
poorly drained Dawhoo and Torhunta and moderately well
drained Pacto-lus make up the remainder of the association.
2. Bladen-Lenoir-Craven Association
Poorly drained (BZaden), somewhat poorly drained (Lenoir),
and moderately well drained (Craven) soils with gray to
dark gray friable surface layers and thick very firm gray
to yellow or yellow and gray, clay subsurface layers.
This association makes up approximately 46 percent of
the county's total acreage. It includes practically all
of the southern part of the county below the southern rail-
road. This area is predominantly flat with the Bladen soils
• predominating. The Craven and Lenoir soils occur as small
narrow ridges on the sloping area bordering the major
drainage systems.
• Page 121

The Bladen soils make up approximately 40 percent of the
association. They are poorly drained'soils with gray to dark
gray thin sandy surfaces over thick dark gray, very firm clay
subsoils. They occur on the side slopes of the gently sloping
areas. .
The Lenoir soils make up approximately 30 percent of the.
association. They are somewhat poorly drained soils with
thin, gray sandy surfaces over thick, gray and yellow very
firm clay subsoils. They occur on the side slopes of the
gently sloping areas.
The Craven soils also make up approximatley 15 percent
of the association. They are moderately well drained soils
with gray sandy surfaces over very firm, yellow clay subsoils
with gray mottles occurring between 20 and 30 inches. They
generally occur on the steeper sloping topography, but are
also found on broad nearly level flats in the higher landscapes.
Small areas of soils such as Duplin, Bertie, State, Tomotley,
and Dunbar make up the balance of the association.
3. Bladen-Bayboro-Portsmouth Association
Poorly drained (BZaden) and very poorly drained (Bayboro,
Portsmouth) soils having thick black to dark gray sandy
to loamy surfaces over deep very firm to friable, gray
sandy clay to clay subsoils.
This association makes up approximately 32 percent of the
county's total acreage. It occurs as two large areas, one in
the northwestern sector in the Parksville and Nicanor sector,
and the other in the southwestern portion known as Bear Swamp.
These soils.occur on the lower landscapes of relatively flat
relief.
The Bladen soils make up approximately 30 percent of the
association., They are previously described under the "Bladen
Soils" of association number 2 above.
The Bayboro soils make up approximately 30 percent of
the association. They are very poorly drained soils with
thick black loam surfaces over firm to very firm gray clayey
subsoils. They occur as relatively small but homogeneous
areas throughout the Bear Swamp area north of Edenton.
The Portsmouth soils make up approximately 25 percent of
the association. They too, are very poorly drained -soils
with moderately thick black loamy surfaces over friable mottled
dark gray and red sandy clay loam subsoils with stratified
Cl
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Page 122

or sandy substratums within 4 feet. Although these soils
are classed as very poorly drained they respond well to
proper management and are considered the better agricul-
tural soils of the association. Small areas of such soils
as very poorly drained Dawhoo, Torhunta, Weeksville and
Cape Fear make up the remainder of the association.
0 4. Bertie-Tomotley-Altavista Association
Somewhat poorly drained (Bertie), poorly drained
(TomotZey) and moderately well drained (AZtavista)
soils with gray sandy surfaces with gray to yellow
friable sandy clay loam subsoils under-Zain by a
sandy substratum at approximately 40 inches.
This association makes up approximately 11 percent of
the county's total acreage. This association occurs as
elongated patterns paralleling the Perquimans River north
a of US 17. A small area also occurs'in the vicinity of
Capanoke. This association occupies an intermittent
position on the landscape between the higher, better
drained soils.and those of the lower elevation consisting
of the poorly and very poorly drained soils.
•
The Bertie soils make up approximately 30 percent of
the association. They are somewhat poorly drained soils
with gray sandy surfaces 8 to 10 inches thick over mottled
yellow and gray friable loamy subsoils.. They have a sandy
substratum within 30-40 inches of'the surface. Under good
management these soils will produce good yields of a wide
variety of crops, including peanuts and tobacco.
The Tomotley soils also make up approximately 30 per-
cent of the association. They are poorly drained soils
with gray sandy surfaces and gray, faintly mottled with
yellow, loamy subsoils which are underlain by a sandy
substratum at approximately 36-40 inches. These soils
occur on the higher gently sloping elevations within the
association. Small areas of such soils as poorly drained
Roanoke, Weston, State and Seabrook make up the remainder
of the association.
5. Wickham-Altavista-Wahee Association
Well drained (Wickham), moderately well drained
(Altavista) and somewhat poorly drained soils with
gray sandy surfaces over friable to firm, loamy to
• clayey subsoils with sandy substratum occurring
between 30 to 50 inches of the surface.
Page 123
•

•
This association makes up approximately 2 percent of the
county's total acreage. It occurs as a singular area south
of Hertford on the east bank of the Perquimans River from
Suttons Creek to U.S. 17. This association reflects a high
terrace landscape perimetered by broad extensive flat areas
of very firm clayey soils.
The Wickham soils make up approximately 40 percent of
the association. They are well drained soils with gray sandy •
surfaces and friable to firm reddish yellow loamy subsoils
underlain by coarse sandy substratum at approximately 36-40
inches. These soils reflect slight limitations for most all
non -farm and farm use.
The Altavista soils also make up approximately 35 percent •
of the association. They are quite similar to the Wickham soils
described above except in drainage. They occur on broad flat
areas of the higher landscapes.
The Wahee soils make up approximately 15 percent of the
association. They are somewhat poorly drained soils with thin, •
gray sandy surfaces over very firm mottled reddish yellow and
gray clayey subsoils. A sandy substratum occurs at approxi-
mately 40-50 inches. Small areas of such soils as Roanoke,
Bertie and Dogue make up the remainder of the association.
•
6. Dorovan-Johnston Association
Very poorly drained soils with highZy decomposed organic
surface Zayers ranging from 12 inches to more than 10 feet
over stratified or gray and white fine sandy substratums.
•
This association makes up approximately 5 percent of the
county's total acreage. They occur in the flood plains of the
major drainage systems throughout the county and as peripheral
areas along the Little River.
The Dorovan soils make up approximately 60 percent of the
association. These soils were formerly referred to as "Swamp"
lands and are inundated the year around.
The Johnston soils make up approximately 20 percent of the
association. These soils have also been referred to as "Swamp"
lands. They differ, however from the Dorovan soils in that
they have a relatively thin organic surface layer over stratified
sands and loamy mineral soils. They occur as fringe areas in the
upper flood plains. They are inundated for most of the year,
but in extreme dry seasons the watertable may recede to ground
level or to within a few inches of this level. Small areas of
Dare, Bibb and Ponzer soils make up the remainder of the associa-
tion.
Page 124

F,
7. Dare-Ponzer-Wasda Association
Vern poorly drained soils with highly decomposed
organic surface lavers ranging from 16 to 50 inches
over friable mineral subsurface lavers.
This association makes up approximately 2 percent
of the county's total acreage. It occurs as a single
• small area in the extreme northeastern section of the
county northeast of Nicanor.
The Dare so�ls.make up approximately 40 percent
of the association. They are very poorly drained
soils with thick highly decomposed organic surface
layers ranging from 50 inches to more than 10 feet.
They are highly inpregnated with logs and stumps and
are extremely acid. They are generally underlain with
sandy substratums.
The Ponzer soils make up approximately 40 percent
1 of the association. They have organic surface layers
ranging from 17 to 50 inches over friable sandy clay
loam subsurface layers.
The Wasda soils make up approximately 10 percent
of the association. These soils are quite similar to
the Ponzer except that the organic surface layer is
less than 16 inches thick. The Wasda soils occur
on the peripheral edge of the bog or pocassin like
.areas where these soils are developed. Small areas
of such soils as Dawhoo, Torhunta and Portsmouth make
up the remainder of the association.
•
Soil Drainage Limitations
The natural drainage of a soil is indicated by the
presence or absence of gray colors in the soil. The
amount of gray colors and their proximity to the
surface of the soil is a good indication of the length
of time the soil is saturated with water. Saturation
may be the result of a high permanent water table or an
• impervious layer within the soil which holds excess water
Page 125
0

THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN PART THROUGH A PLANNING OR ANT
FROM THE COASTAL PLAINS REGION AL. COMAIISSION,AOMINISTER ED BY 1HE NORTH
CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND ECONOMIC RESOURCES.
L 5,Ir a.r ` ft•c�+� Tt
SOIL DRAINAGE LIMITATIONS
VP:i.� r- "^ o {`»p•. ,Y t �' y, `` I Legend
fe'xo• •.J:�i` �. b !fir ` I" a s f Well Drained
Moderately Well Drained
Somewhat Poorly Drained
y` Poorly Drained
'b,r fs </v�il.l.�•)J(.Jf7= ,�v K2 .�.ti' xr _•r+-._ � J ,.. _ l - i. Q
r ,v
»if ti- L `TK`�pq•� a fe•tf• o
E, , v W..e �. s, .
I 3 4 •� �r.��u' �1.. ��w
;+ a "IiEATFOAD,• r • ♦ • . J nai ' \
POr 1{ 'r' •� r .W WeMa1 Q
Z 1'�-y.-�•.•niOt jf.+••'1 �` Y { •i i`� •oty� u f '.�' , » ,� ` r „»
io .,'•ti c: •"` `tip. � .;- ;' o.....�.. ,,.�.. _ `\ t�taxts=- i '
7.
DURANTS
i , y
,ygtg
------------"�- PERQUIMANS COUNTY
�'� 91 NORTH CAROLINA

•
•
•
for significant periods. The drainage classifications used
are explained below.
Well drained soils: These.soils have no gray colors
within 30 inches of the surface of the soil. Subsoil
colors are red to yellow
Moderately well drained soils: These soils have brown
to yellow subsoils with gray colors 20 to 30 inches
below the surface of the soil.
Somewhat poorly drained soils: These soils have brown
• or yellow subsoils mottled with gray colors in the
upper part and are dominantly gray in the lower part.
Poorly drained soils: These soils are predominantly
gray from the sur ace downward. Less than 40 percent
. of the soil mass is brown or yellow.
Soil -Related Septic Tank Limitations
One of the most important issues in the coastal region
is the use of septic tank waste disposal systems. It has
been pointed out in Appendix D, "Water Quality in Perquimans
County" that the use of such systems can have significant
ramifications if soil conditions are not suitable. By
utilizing the information provided by the General Soils Map,
a determination has been made of the limitations on septic
systems by soil associations.
explained below.
The classifications used are
None to slight limitations: Soils have properties
favorable to the use ofkieptic tanks. They are well
drained but not excessively so, and are not subject
to high water tables. Limitations are so minor that
they can be easily overcome. Good performance and low
maintenance can be expected from these soils.
•
Page 126
•

` THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN PART THROUGH A PLANNING GRANT
FROM THE COASTAL PLAINS REGIONAL. COMMISSION, ADMINISTERED BY 1HE NORTH
CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND ECONOMIC RESOURCES.
GIN
till
V� w ,•
,,, w ... � •\ Legend
H7o L
Severe
Moderate
I i ` •' ' ��. _ �\ + 0 Slight
`s.'.y,.' .~ _ _ ray ,1• • 1� -
SOIL RELATED SEPTIC TANK LIMITATIONS
,'HERTFOAD
w'• � < . 1 i w u „� ,ty� 'ter, `\
(31
DURANTS
NECK
M it •tM _ ' } __ _.. • '�" " � � •� t[8ii 8Fl.EL_ i ? 1 ...
.•w' A . N �� M N-
».
/ A
� � t •._ . D. ', . -s ems.•. •,, ua ...mow '�
�v .J �,•1 , • +• rr un
4 f 1
.l 1
•10�� v` lY1 .'�Y � �' HA EYS, NECK;
�R,YER _ PERQU11NlANS C . � UNTY
R NORTH CAROLINA

Moderate limitations: Soils have properties moder-
ately favorable for the rated use. Limitations can
be overcome or modified with special planning,
design and maintenance.
Severe limitations: Soils have one or more proper-
ties unfavorable for the use of septic systems.
They are either too sandy and permeable, too hard
and compact (clays), subject to high water tables,
or a combination of the three. Limitations are
difficult and costly to modify or overcome requiring
special design and intense maintenance of the system
or major soil or water table modifications.
Soil -Related Foundation Limitations
In selecting a site for a home, industry, or recre-
4P ation the suitability of the soils in each site must be
determined. Some of the more common properties are soil
texture, reaction, soil depth, shrink -swell potential;
♦ steepness of slopes, permeability, depth to hard rock,
depth to the water table, and flood hazard. On the basis
of these and related characteristics, soil scientists
0 and engineers have rated the major soil in each associa-
tion for specific purposes.
The ratings and limitations presented in map form
• are for houses that are not more than three stories high,
without basements. They are made separately on residences
utilizing a sewage system and for those depending on a
• septic tank with filter field for sewage disposal.
The ratings used are slight and severe. They are
I
applied as the soils occur naturally and are defined
•
on this page.
Page 127
•

THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN PART THROUGH A PLAN NINO GRANT
FROM THE COASTAL PLAINS REGIONAL. COMMISSION,AUMINISTERED UY 1HE NORTH
CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND ECONOMIC RESOURCES.
hey t.. -'v ,ue ' •\
Legend
t
. o ��. •��� Slight Limitations
Severe Limitations
t • �; ew 1. . 1\� p
• > :,„; , SOIL RELATED FOUNDATIONS LIMITATIONS MAP
Q •� •. • ,n , ,W wmlrY• ` �7% C
V I,• • J �', „ ~ .ror to ! '� ,,,, ` ,J�,W.a.,'. el
V/ CMw
' �+FIERTF07ID — • ,,,�
• rq. , a.. •s • •.. • >b , w•d,.r O,
Z � G•r V '.a.. Y •�• :� ., ; '« uu a '\ _ - _
^ I .. «-?si„« •• �1 =�� :. ''� ' 1,. a>... • H• \ •. SCAR
u,o 4 _ 1r1o•
'=f
DURANTS
1(un I
`r ,w� '� • V,a nr ub
gip/ �\,•1 V � '�w I � I
HA EYS NEOC -
-
PERQUIMANS COUNTY
Al "� R/y[R = .
1 �'� x NORTH CAROLINA

0
Slight limitations: Soils that have slopes of less than
eight 8 percent, are well or moderately well drained,
• free of flooding and have a depth to hard rock of more
than fourty (40) inches are in this category. They have
low shrink -swell potential and are relatively free of
stones and other coarse fragments.
Severe limitations: Soils which have slopes of more
• than fifteen 15 percent, are cobbly or stony, are less
than twenty (20) inches to hard rock and, are subject
to a high water table, flooding or have a high shrink -
swell potential, fit into this category.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sources of Water Supply
These areas provide the necessary water for human
activity. Examples of these sources are ground -water recharge
areas, watersheds and weZZfieZds. These areas are important
because they are the sources of all water supporting agricul-
ture, industry, residences, and the other types of human
activity occurring in the County. Protection and preservation
of these sources is essential to insure an adequate, uncontam-
inated water supply for all varieties of users.
These source areas are constraints to development because
of this possible pollution. Haphazard construction and/or
drainage into the supply areas can cause contamination of the
water. When this occurs, other source areas must be located
and tapped.
Flood Hazard Area
Due to the low-lying nature of the land in the County,
possible flooding is a very real threat in several areas.
Coastal floodplain is defined by the Coastal Resources as
Page128
a

r • • r r � • � r • �
\ THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN PART THROUGH A PLANNING GRANT
FROM TH-E COASTAL PLAINS REGIONAL. COMMISSION, ADM IN IS TERED DY 1HE NORTH
CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND ECONOMIC RESOURCES.
P .
} \ ' GROUNDWATER RESOURCES
r
Legend
"" •' p 0 Recharge Areas
f' • w ; 13�. Watershed Areas
Z I u, `i,) Existing Well Site
c� ;r'. �' '• "�'� .• ® Proposed Well Site
r tyl• i .• - \
P P •,•• i q«• r
�s y � • ror. r �1 / ' . w...r�r. a.
Z •r•«Py .A.,y:• •.A •: '�•' 4 _ Vex(\ „u .. uu �, v _
',jti �;. .'Fv�P•: '. :..'. •' _ _ .•3 • ^r u •V scat .. .. rm• •v
SCM
= j ...••/ � n> •,, � •J' u.a•« �a. • '+u DURANTS•, •\
I� °,r, rw n+ "'^ •s 1 '-"•P r '� NECfi
�a .•s wr r • " ,.nN ,w Lm
.pp°d . y... `� .�Y •7f'� HA EYS NECK I
PERQUINIANS COUNTY
�'� R NORTH CAROLINA

\ THE PREPARATION OF THIS ldAP WAS FINANCED IN PART THROUGH A PLANNING GRANT
FROM THE COASTAL PLAINS REGIONAL. COMMISSION, ADMINI STEREO OY 1H1: NORTH
CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND ECONOMIC RESOURCES.
COO�Y'\ -..
A
oo
° ` �\, ►,� -/i,/ • t �� Legend
i _Flood Prone Areas
\ Source:United States Geological Surveyin cooperation
�• ; ,,, ,, �\` a with the Federal Insurance Administration
I1 ^:
O
V , ..
'
\ / .i
E;TFZI`—
,�4 A �1 p', 1 ii^0 weeaiae w ,. ,.07•
�e ra
i 1 / OtJ ,..1 \ � • ��..� `` \ yam\ •,� ,*..J \� ,�"s
DURANTS
U t \.4 Ana. „ �. �` \ \ \T tid''' ♦♦
\, ��♦ \� '�iy ;tip• ue ` / *..' , \\ \ "`'F 1)', NECK
\� �._ ♦\ice % �:�\�'' w"ww.�w'�,=�,n�'. �\wa.^••t `�� `` � � •��o•a,..0 .,.� '�
_,°e"" 1, '�+F.,,,'•L\i` '1iYs" Q" NECKI �. F1.00D_,HAZARD AREAS
YY
°ro PERQUIMANS COUNTY
i _ NORTH CAROLINA

iRPAREPARATION OP6IS MAP WAS FIANCED IN PART IRROUGH A PLAN0G GRANT-. '
`
OM TKE COASTAL PLAINS REGIONAL COMMISSION ADMINISTERED BY THE NORTH
CAROLINA DEPARTMENT Of NATQ.RAL AND ECONOMIC k4SOURCES.
Legend
► Flood Prone Areas Withi
Town Limit
FLOOD HAZARD AREAS
HERTFORD,NORTH CAROLINA

•
"... land areas adjacent to coastal sounds, estuaries or the
• ocean which are prone to flooding from storms with an annual
probability of one percent or greater (100 year storm).
These areas are analogous to the 100 year floodplain on a
river. «
It must be noted, however, that the information pro-
vided by the United States Geological Survey and subsequently
• reproduced in this plan is contested by local citizens.
There is some question as to the validity of the flood prone
areas, which will be dealt with when the County and the Town
of Hertford come into compliance with the Flood Disaster
Protection Act of 1973. The aetual'flood prone areas
designated in the maps contained in this section will, in
• all likelihood, be revised.
•
Wetlands and Complex Natural Areas
Wetlands are marshes which are subject to regular or
Qccas.ionaZ flooding by tides, including wind tides. These
• marshlands produce nutrients vital in the food chain of
the marine species in the estuarine systems. They are
important to both commercial and sports fisheries and
• also help to deter shoreline erosion.
Complex natural areas which support native plant and
animal communities provide habitat conditions that have
• remained essentially unchanged by human activity.
Page 129
•

1
\' THE PREPARATION OF THIS YAP WAS FINANCED IN PART THROUGH A *PLAN NING GRAN'
FROM THE COASTAL PLAINS REGIONAL. COMMISSION,ADMINISTEREO DY 1HI' NORTH
CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND ECONOMIC RESOURCES.
°Y" ; '• -� _ .1 o WETLANDS AND COMPLEX NATURAL AREAS
A Wetlands
„`� r'v '1• e F� Complex Natural Areas
,• i, 1 , •� t�y<p ,,, Owea•e. j 1 may../�k tl�
HERifOftD
•POP.. • � _ i i we•eleM p '•+ts.y`
ck
G. .1• '+'a. 'wi .�'.,�,ice , �.Jr„'`„ _,� „� -
^ I ,a �Z' �,N ',�•». » ,. U-3 ` � I SCALE
a• -Q•,�W \ 1 0
3
it nl', Sri •\
DURANTS +�
NECK `\
`O �°� a -,•i v�`' �\ \,.• calf ', �� ram' •� HA EYSNECK i
'. • Y71
a r
Zeys--� ,ero,• PERQUI ANS COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA

•
These areas are important because they often provide habitat
• for rare or .endangered species of plants and animals, and
provide excellent sources for scientific research and study.
Both wetlands and complex natural areas are eligible
• for inclusion as areas of environmental concern. For a more
detailed description of such areas and their significance,
see the section entitled "Areas of Environmental Concern".
\I
Estuarine Erosive Areas
One of the most significant problems in the County and
• the region, as a whole, is shoreline erosion. These areas
are defined as those above the ordinary high water mark
where excessive erosion has a high probability of occurring.
• In rating the severity of such erosion, the Shoreline
Erosion Inventory of North Carolina of 1975 prepared by the
Soil Conservation Service was used. In Perquimans County
• the average rate of erosion was computed over a period of
thirty-one years and has been broken down into reaches which
are described below and on the following page.
• REACH NO. 1
Av. width lost to erosion
Av. height of bank
Length of shoreline eroding
• Length of shoreline accreting
Total length of shoreline
REACH NO. 2
Av. width lost to erosion
• Av. height of bank
Length of shoreline eroding
21 . 3 feet
3.9 feet
5.8 miles
0 miles
10.2 miles
144.0 feet
5.1 feet
6.3 miles
Page 130
•

•
Length of shoreline accreting 0 miles
Total length of shoreline 6.6 miles
REACH NO. 3
Av. width
lost to erosion
17.0
feet
Av. height
of bank
6.8
feet
Length of
shoreline eroding
5.9
miles
Length of
shoreline accreting
0
miles
Total length
of shoreline
8.5
miles
REACH NO. 4
Av: width lost to erosion
16.0
feet
Av. height•of bank
10.3
feet
Length of shoreline eroding
4.2
miles
Length of shoreline accreting
0
miles
Total length of shoreline
4.5
miles
REACH NO. 5
Av. width lost to erosion
49.2
feet
Av. height of bank
5.7
feet
Length of shoreline eroding
10.3
miles
Length of' shoreline accreting
0
miles
Total length of shoreline
10.6
miles
REACH NO. 6
Av. width lost to erosion
103.2
feet
Av. height of bank
5.8
feet
Length of shoreline eroding
6.9
miles
Length of shoreline accreting
0
miles
Total length of shoreline
6.9
miles
REACH NO. 7
Av. width lost to erosion 23.8 feet
Av. height of bank 3.5 feet
Length of shoreline erosion 5.4 miles
Length of shoreline accreting 0 miles
Total length of shoreline 6.1 miles
In the actual map, reaches two and six are classified
as high erosion areas, reach number 5 as a moderate erosion
area, and reaches one, three, four, and seven as low
erosion areas. It is recognized that these reaches are
•
•
•
11
•
0
0
•
•
Page 131
r�
u

0
THE PREPARATION OF THIS M.APWAS FINANCED IN PART THROUGH A PLANNING GRANT
FROM THE COASTAL PLAINS REGIONAL. COMWISSION,AWAINfSTEREO UY lHr NORTH
CAROLINA DEPARTMENT Cc NATU,RAL AND ECONO WC RESOURCES.
36
�: - � i ; gat "° •r�•,�� `\•\ A 9
7
Legend
0
Low Erosion Reaches
C,
Medium Erosion sion Reaches
High Erosion Reaches
ERTFORD
pop.,� 11
z
SCALE
iriL i-L;ilf
3: 16
0
DURANTS
4
NECK
Lul
HAEYS, A NECK
STUARINE EROSIVE AREAS
5
31 Y PERQUINS COUNTY
2 AAA
ot
NORTH CAROLINA

•
C�
averages and that the rate of erosion may vary considerably
within a single reach, but the majority of the worst erosive
areas are contained in the high erosion areas.
Areas experiencing a high rate of erosion are eligible
for inclusion as areas of environmental concern. For a more
detailed description of such areas and their significance,
see the section entitled "Areas of Environmental Concern".
Estuarine and Public Trust Waters
Estuarine waters are defined as "... all the water of the
• AtZantie Ocean within the boundary of North Carolina and all
the waters of the bays, sounds, rivers, and tributaries there-
to...". They are important because of the fish and marine life
• they support. Commercial vessels also utilize the navigable
estuarine system for transportation of goods both within and
outside the state.
Public trust waters are defined as "... natural and man-
made bodies of water that have significant public fishing
resources, or areas where the public has acquired rights by
prescription, custom, usage, dedication or any other means".
These areas are important because of the public need for
recreation and navigation as well as foraesthetic reasons.
•
Economically these areas provide income through commercial
and sport fishing, other water -related recreation, tourism
and shipping of goods in navigable waters.
J
Both estuarine and public trust waters are eligible for
Page 132
0

•
inclusion as areas of environmentaZ concern. For a more
detailed description of such areas and their significance,
see the section entitled "Areas of Environmental Concern".
Man -Made Hazard Areas
A man-made hazard area refers to such potential
•
hazards as airports, bulk storage facilities containing
flammable liquids, railroad lines and similar examples.
Such areas are significant because of their very nature and
that of the materials present.
Man-made hazard areas are constraints to development
because of their dangerous potential. Development of
any kind in close proximity to such an area should be
carefully reviewed before it is allowed.
•
Historic Places
These areas of historic significance are listed or
have been approved for listing by the North Carolina Histor-
ical Commission. These include: 1) places listed in the
National Register of Historic Places, 2) places and
properties owned, managed or assisted by the State of
North Carolina, and 3) areas designated as a National
Historic Landmark. Historic places are both fragile and
non-renewable. They owe their significance to their
association with American history, architecture and
culture. Inappropriate development could destory these
Page 133
C]
•
•
•
•

e _•t
THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN PART THROUGH A PLANNING GRAN'
FROM THE COASTAL PLAINS REGIONAL CO'.:UISSION,A;;•.UNISTERED BY iHl: NOR?�
�- •\•
CAROLINA DEPAR"RENT OF NATURAL AYD ECONOti':C RESOURCES.
• � ^rsv r�a.e.r'
'
Legend
✓'
Airstrips
\
'
,
Bulk Plants
Q Railroads
t✓
k
;
I
,•• 'HERTFORD%"
•PO�.�ee,�
.vza�w Q
0.
,..�,q
I
'3,,
, ,e �• „�' DURANTS
-fin•
i
I
•� `c•'wr�,y 'y"
Z
NECK'
1'
-
2' •.e
'Y�o
i all
��\
W
$MAN-MADE
HAK
ETs :^'rie« HAZARD AREAS
-26.25___-
PERQUIMANS
COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA

^� �c THE PREPARATION OF THIS !LAP WAS FINANCED IN PART THROUGH A PLANNING GRAN 7
111 % FROM THE COASTAL PLANS REGIONAL COS:�IISSIO`I,AD'dINISTERED UY 1HIi NORTH
-�- CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL A'1D ECONOWC RESOURCES.
\ I Legend
I. Belvidere Plantation
2. Charles White House
3. Samuel Nixon House
^ .e 4. Cove Grove Plantation
I\ 5. Sutton -Newby House
6. Newbold -White House
- {'� \ _f 7, Myers -White House
..t
r• a �\ s 8. Edmund Blount Skinner House
9. Stockton Plantation
10. Land's End Plantation
'4 l O
if
•, , 'HERTFORD' /v „W
01
6 J� „mti r --
vi
J­ ... ....
= I . ,» . »' „ iy - pow..• ,,.,. ' �J' u. `\
I/ ... `-• .. y,• ~�1 ��,n•. - DURANTS •' •\,� \
Q�. �e.d '`,•. a..�.- "t �,LFR \ •f� ��" NECK'
ti HAK!VEYS f'NECK HISTORIC PLACES
Y 3eoe--- _ �. •,p ... - ---.---.-.°,-_ PERQUTAAANS COUNTY
�� NORTH CAROLINA

•
valuable links with America's past.
• Historic places falling into the second category listed
above are eligible for inclusion as areas'of environmental
concern, although only one of the ten sites listed on the map
• meets this criteria. For a more detailed description of such
areas and their significance see the section entitled "Areas
of Environmental Concern".
•
Areas of Resource Potential
Areas of resource potential in Perquimans County are
• those which have important implications with regard to future
developments. Although they do not impose physical limitations,
they do impose ecological and aesthetic ones. Included are
• such areas as potential recreation sites, scenic areas, and
areas of good agricultural potential. They are the types of
areas which provide benefits to all when properly developed or
preserved.
It is important to note that areas of resource potential
are not eligible for inclusion as areas of environmental con-
cern. There is no legal mechanism to restrict land use in
such areas. The question of development is left up to local
officials and concerned citizens. These areas are located and
• discussed to emphasize their potential; in order to enable
those making land use decisions more fully aware of their
significance to the people of Perquimans County.
Page 134
Ll

•
Soil -Related Agricultural Potential
It has been previously stated that agriculture is the
most important industry in Perquimans County and, thus,
bears close scrutiny. With this fact in mind, it is •
extremely important to identify prime agricultural land.
The ratings used are good, fair and poor. They are
applied as the soils occur naturally and are based on •
1) the suitability of each soil for growing all the major
crops adapted to the County and 2) the yield potential
of each soil -crops combination under good management. •
These ratings are explained below.
Good- These are the best soils in the County for
agriculture. All crops adapted to this
area may be grown and excellent yields are
attained with good management.
4
Fair- These soils have moderate to severe limitations
which limit crop selection and/or reduce yield
potentials. These soils are either too wet,
steep or too sandy to be rated good.
Poor- These soils have very severe limitations for
general agriculture due to the high water
table and frequent flooding. Yields of
adapted crops (water tolerant) range from poor
to good but crop damage is very frequent due
to flooding.
Areas of Recreation Potential
As previously stated, one of the most often voiced
citizen complaints in the Perquimans County Land Use
•
Survey was the lack of recreation facilities. For this 0
Page 135
0

THE PREPARATION OF THIS V.AP WAS FINANCED IN PART THROUCIi A PLANNING GRANT
FROM THE COASTAL PLAINS REGIONAL- COY -MIS SION,ADMINISTEREO DY 1Hli NORTH
CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL A'iD ECONOh':C RESOURCES.
Legend
Good
-v a«� ' ` I Fair
<:"'.... :%4,�•, ,� r, \ + Poor
it
3.
O
._i.:_. ' •X : {'roe - ..>\G�
cl
- yI y? �fb t � �.• � • �r.� .� o•wa•+.0 '3=r �+ se ,sw o
,..fie•cl
I-- .lA :i'~r`a 1� �`.sir _ m ..� ' y"^G`.•_ 1' .
RT
a; : �, \�
l„
,, y p�.
i-y .. J, �'•»'.,V, DURANTS •, ,\ 4
' w�.n a" ••� ~`i F� - \ ;il ,,„ NECK'
`
^.,F,HNE« dl/EYSI ' SOIL -RELATED AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL
.�:•-
°°'PERQUINIANS COUNTY
-' -
\ . NORTH CAROLINA

THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN PART THROUGH A PLANNING GRAY7
FROM THE COASTAL PLAIN'S REGIONAL. CO'ttiIISSION,AU•.IIIiISTERED UT 1HIi NORTH
�- CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND ECONOM:C RESOURCES.
Legend
«, %•,, + �•••'•. Natural Areas
Scenic Areas
t _
;U ;l O
Z
lo
v1 • � �' ,•a •ice //
_ Ni(/�. � _ - ♦ J it
O
•' 'MERTFORD T"_ - • / ". \ _
i�. � » • n�� ,,. UUUjp�1 ; fir' 3' '•�y '\
- I / to � ' , w... � •, „ `\�� DURANTS_
• ' ` �,,. .�� NECK.'
c.
44 a
HA41EYS -,,' icv 4AREAS bF RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL
PERQUIN ANS COUNTY
. NORTH CAROLINA

J
reason, areas with significant recreation potential have been
located and delineated. County and Town residents are fortu-
nate to have the number of scenic vistas that are available
for recreational development, providing both governmental
bodies with a wide range of options.
Fish Spawning Areas
Perquimans County, with its many rivers and streams,
provides ideal spawning areas•for many species offish, both
fresh and salt -water. These areas have been identified in
order to guide development which may occur. Any destruction
or significant alteration of these environments should be
carefully weighed in order to determine whether the total
• effect is beneficial or harmful.
In many instances, these areas are subject to restrictions
as complex natural areas, estuarine erodible areas and other
areas of environmental concern designations. However, their
importance as fish spawning areas should be taken into account
by -those making land use decisions.
•
•
Page 136
•

THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCEO IN PART THROUGH A PLANNING GRAN'
-
% s FROM THE COASTAL PLAINS REGIONAL, CO'.'SIISSION,ADMINISTERED BY IHI: NORTH
-�� CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL A•40 ECONOWC RESOURCES.
- COUN�f•�I \�
I\ +
.— sa, • w 1 Legend
A I- Spawning Area
OL
p •r • Jf' •' 2: r`
= �'ti
• + - + .. � ,• ," �. _, lam• G
. ,•. L s' 'HERTFORD'
i\ '1 .. qf•i „ I s•� ���ti» _ »r '+ ✓ �-TTJ��' »? v.a+f`. • X5� X�.E
-�-. -. .. , v f Y X �,. � ». sad • —.. -. '--'
II / .. ��� ro ?�,n• DURANTS•' • . N\- !!11
'?,� •.•.w :y ». �w,» ^�_ ,il)NECK'. ' \•\
2 all
HAEwEYS =rNECKf SPAWNING AREAS
�,��___-- • „ „� _ `_ --- —_ ,.n,- PERQUTAAANS COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA

SOIL INTERPRETATIONS FROM GENERAL SOILS MAP
PERQU M NS COUNTY. Y.C.
LIMITATIONS FOR
t of t in Septic Tank Dwellings Small Commer- Local Roads General Agriculture
County SOIL ASSOCIATION Association Filter Fields w/o Basements cial Buildines and streets 1/ 2/
' 21
1.
Conetoe-Wando-Dragston
Conetoe
35t
Slight
Mod.Fl.
Mod.Fl.
Slight
Good
Fair
Wando
301
S1t.LFC.
Slight
Slight
Slight
Fair
Fair
Dragston
20%
Sev.FI.WC.
Sev.Wt.
Sev.Wt.
Mod.Wt.
Fair
Fair
46%
2.
Bladen-Lenoir-Craven
Bladen
40%
Sev.Wt.FI.
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Poor
Fair
Lenoir
301
Sev.Wt.Perc.
Sev.Wt.Sh-Sw.
Sev.Wt.Sh-Sw.
Sev.Sh.Sw.
Fair
Fair
Craven
is%
Sw.Wt.Perc.
Sw.Sh-Sw.
Sw.Sh-Sw.
Sw.Sh-Sw.
Good
Good
,I2t
3.
Bladen-Bayboro-Portsmouth
Bladen
30%
Sev.1ft.Fl.
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Poor
Fair
Bayboro
301
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Poor
Good
Portsmouth
IS*.
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Sev.Wt.FI.
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Poor
Good
lit
4.
Bertie-Tomotley-Altavista
Bertie
301
Sev.Wt.
Mod.Wt.
Mod.lit.
Mod.Wt.LS.
Good
Good
Tomotley
Altavista
301
251
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Mod.-Sev.Wt.
Sev.Wt.FI.
Mod.Wt._ _
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Sev.Wt.FI.
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Sev.LS _ _
Poor
_ Good
Good
Good
S.
21
Wickham-Altavista-Wahee
Wickham
401
Sit. -Mod.
SIt. -Mod.
SIt. -Mod.
Slight
Good
Good
Altavista
351
Mod-Sev.Wt.
Mod.Wt.
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Sev.LS
Good
Good
Wahee
is%
Sev.Fl.Perc.
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Sev.Fl.Wt.
Fair
Good
6.
Dorovan-Johnston
5t
Dorovan
601
Sev.Fl.
Sev.Fl.
Sev.Fl.
Sev.Fl.
Poor
Poor
Johnston
201
Sev.Fl.
Sev.Fl.
Sev.Fl.
Sev.Fl.
Poor
Poor
7.
Dare-Ponzer-Wasda
. 21 _
Dare
40%
SeYF
.
Sev.Fl.
Sev.Fl.
Sev.Fl.
Poor
Poor
Ponzer
401
Sev.F
Sev.Fl.
Sev.Fl.
Sev.FI.
Poor
Good
Wasda
104
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Sev.Wt.Fl.
Poor
Good
For an explanation of the ratings used above, see the following page.
9
L�
A

N
DIiFINITIONS OF SOIL LIMITATIONS
NONE TO SLIGHT- Soils have properties favorable for the
rated use. Limitations are so minor that
they can be easily overcome. Good
performance and low maintenance can be
expected from these soils.
MODERATE - Soils have properties moderately favorable
for the rated use. Limitations can be
overcome or modified with planning, design,
or special maintenance.
SEVERE- Soils have one or more properties unfavorable
for the rated use. Limitations are difficult
and costly to modify or overcome requiring
major soil reclamation, special design, or
intense maintenance.
a
ABBREVIATIONS FOR LIMITING FACTORS:
Sev. - Severe Mod. -Moderate Slt.- Slight
F1-Flood Hazard Text -Texture
Wt-Water table and wetness LFC-Low Filter Capacity
Sh-Sw-Shrink-Swell Potential Cor-Corrosion Potential
Perc-Percolation 1/Tobacco, Peanuts and
TSC-Traffic Supporting Capacity Truck
LS-Low Strength 2/Corn, Soybeans & Small
• — Grain
NOTE: In some instances when adequate mechanical measures
have been applied or installed soils rated as
"severe" can be upgraded to a "moderate" limitation,
i.e. Subsurface drainage applied to Altavista.
SOURCE: U.S. Soil Conservation ervice
L7
Page 138
0

rn
POTENTIAL AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN
r�
One of the most important parts of Coastal, -.Manage-
ment in Perquimans County is the identification of Areas
of Environmental Concern. The 1974 Coastal Area Manage- 41
ment Act stipulates that local land use plans "... shall
give special attention to the protection and appropriate
development of Areas of Environmental Concern".
Under the Act, a permit will be required for develop-
ment in areas of environmental concern once they have
been identified and designated as such by the Coastal
Resources Commission. Permits for major developments
will be handled by the Commission, with those for minor
developments to be handled by local government. The
identification and delineation by local governments
will not serve as a designation of areas of environmental
concern for the purposes of permit letting. The actual
designation for purposes of the permit program shall be
by a written description adopted by the Commission, and
such designations will be equally applicable to all local
governments in the coastal areas.
Coastal Wetlands
Coastal wetlands are defined as "any salt marsh or
other marsh'subject to regular or occasional flooding by
tides..." which contain specific types of plants. These wet-
. �
lands are important because they are ideal wildlife and
Page 139

•
waterfowl areas, serve to help stop shoreline erosion,
and provide a source of food for small fresh and salt water
fishes.
Policy Objective: To give a high priority to the preserva-
tion and management of the marsh so as to safeguard and
perpetuate their important values.
Appropriate Land Uses: To be those consistant with the
• above policy objective. The highest priority shall be
allocated to the conservation of existing marshlands; second
to development which requires water access and cannot func-
tion anywhere else. In no case shall such marshland be
•
destroyed unless the loss would be offset by a clear and sub-
stantial benefit to the public.
Estuarine Waters
Estuarine waters are defined as, "all the water of the
• Atlantic Ocean within the boundary of North Carolina and all
the waters of the bays, sounds, rivers and tributaries...
as described by 'Boundary Lines, North Carolina Commercial
Fishing - Inland Fishing Waters'. These areas not only
support valuable commercial and sports fisheries, but are
also utilized for commercial navigation, recreation and
• and aesthetic purposes.
Policy Objective: To preserve and manage estuarine waters
so that present activities in these waters will continue to
• be productive and enjoyable.
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•

•
Appropriate Land Uses:. To be consistant with the above
policy objective. The highest priority shall be allocated •
to the conservation of estuarine waters; second to land
uses not harmful to the present uses of the waters. Projects
which would directly or indirectly block or impair existing •
navigation channels, increase shoreline erosion, deposit
spoil below mean high tide, cause adverse water circulation
patterns, violate water quality standards or cause degrada- •
tion of shellfish waters are considered incompatible with
the management of such waters.
•
Public Trust Waters
Public trust waters are those natural and man-made
bodies of water to which the public has rights of access. •
Such rights in these waters include commercial and sport
fisheries, commercial navigation and recreation.
Policy Objective: To protect public rights for navigation •
and recreation and to preserve and manage the public trust
waters so as to perpetuate the present condition and use
of the waters.
Appropriate Land Uses: To be consistent with the above
.policy objective. Such use which interferes with the public
•
right of navigation or other public trust rights shall not •
be allowed. Only uses which are not detrimental to the
biological and physical functions and public trust rights
shall be allowed.
Page 141
•
•

•
Complex Natural Areas
Complex natural areas are defined as lands that support
native plant and animal communities and provide habitat con-
ditions that have remained essentially unchanged by human
A activity. These areas provide the few remaining examples of
conditions that existed prior to settlement by Western man.
Policy Objective: To preserve the natural conditions of the
•
site so as to safeguard its existence as an example of
C
•
•
•
naturally occurring, relatively undisturbed plant and animal
communities of major scientific or educational value.
Appropriate Land Uses: To be consistent with the above policy
objective. Such lands shall not be developed in such a
manner as to jeopardize the natural or primitive character of
the area.
Estuarine. Sound and River Erodible Areas
Erodible areas are defined as areas where soil and water
conditions are such that there is substantial possibility of
shoreline erosion. Development within such areas is subjected
to this erosion unless special development standards and pre-
ventive measures are employed.
Policy Objective: To insure that development gccurring within
•
these areas is compatible with the potential erosive nature
of the area.
• Appropriate Land Uses: To be.consistent with the above policy
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•

L
objective. Recreational, rural and conservation activities
represent appropriate land uses where protective construc-
tion has not been undertaken. All other types of develop-
ment are inappropriate unless measures have been taken
A
to prevent erosion.
Historic Places
Historic places are defined as places that are listed
or have been approved for listing by the North Carolina
Historical Commission in the National Register of
•
Historic Places and are pubZicly-owned. These resources
are both fragile and nonrenewable, and owe their signifi-
cance to their association with American history,
•
architecture and culture.
Policy Objective: To protect and preserve the integrity
of districts, sites, buildings and objectives in the above
•
categories.
Appropriate Land Uses: To be consistent with the above
policy objective. Land use which will result in substantial
•
irreversible damage to the historic value of the area is
inappropriate.
Page 143
•
LI
•

SUMMARY
Major Conclusions
• Perquimans County
In the next twenty-five nears Perquimans County will
• not be forced to deal with a rapidly expanding demand for
land and public services. The population is expected to
remain about the same or even increase slightly. In the
• foreseeable future, Perquimans County should remain
agriculturally oriented.
The one area of the County which is beginning to show
a definite change is the southern area along the rivers and
the Albemarle Sound. The potential for recreational and
second -home development is high and some construction of
• this type has already occurred. The land in this area is
characteristically flat, wooded, has a high water table and
is prone to flooding. Along land bordering the rivers and
• the sound there are shoreline erosion problems. Development
in this area must take these limitations into consideration.
The soil limitations for septic tanks and foundations,
•. potential for polluting both ground and surface water from
septic tanks, shoreline erosion and the protection of the
natural beauty of the area all require careful attention and
• planning. The land is capable of sustaining residential
growth, but unless the natural limitations of the area are
considered, tremendous problems could result.
• It has been recognized by the County Commission that
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•

•
what'is needed are revised subdivision regulations and good
zoning ordinances. In this way, the growth that occurs will
be good for the people who already live in the area, good for
the new residents, and good for the County as a whole. They
' A
will make sure all new developmentshave adequate water, waste
disposal, roads and other community facilities. They can
protect much of the natural beauty of the area and insure that
all new developments will be good places in which to live.
Other than in the southern portion of the County and
around the Town of Hertford, it is.not anticipated that there
will be any significant growth in the next twenty-five years.
This seems to be the way the majority of local citizens want
things to be in the future. The extension of water lines to
C7
County residents could be extremely important in the distant
future if population begins to increase rapidly, but for the
next twenty-five years it should not have much effect on land
use. In the largest part of the County, agriculture would be
protected and undisturbed through zoning.
•
Town of Hertford
The Town of Hertford has remained approximately the same
size for the last fifty years and population projections for •
the next twenty-five years indicate only slight growth. As a
result, Hertford will not have to deal with the problems associ-
ated with rapid growth. Community facilities which are presently •
adequate should be so over the next ten to twenty-five years
Page 145
0

assuming a constant upkeep and replacement program.
At present, studies are underway 1) to improve the
sewer system by eliminating groundwater infiltration,
2) to improve housing conditions in the Town and,
3)' to make more beneficial use of waterfront property
and eliminate the storage of flammable fuels within
the Town limits. Also of importance is the coordi-
nated effort of both Town and County officials to
promote industrial expansion in a planned industrial
park near the Town. All of these efforts should enhance
the desirability of Hertford, both as a place for people
and industry to locate. If these projects are success-
ful, it could mean more growth than has been projected.
• Growth beyond what is currently projected would
probably call for the extension of Town water and sewer
lines, and the annexation of areas requiring municipal
• services. Although the undeveloped land on the Perquimans
River side of the Town limits is primarily wetland and
wooded swamp, almost all of the land on the western
+ boundary is developable with water and sewer. It is
•
in that direction and within existing Town limits that
desired growth should occur.
Application of Data to the Plan
In formulating the Perquimans County Land Use Plan,
» data was obtained from a wide range of sources. These
Page 146
•

•
included federal, state and local agencies as well as private
individuals residing in the County. An effort was made to
correlate this technical data with the expressed desires of
the people, which were determined through the Perquimans County
Land Use Survey and other efforts of the Citizen's Advisory
Committee. For a full discussion of these efforts see Appendix
B of this document.
In many cases, planning efforts in both Perquimans County •
and the Town of Hertford were aided by the fact that the stated
desires of the people and the analytically projected conditions
were similar. This is particularly true in the areas of
projected population and economy. County and Town officials
were relieved of the burden which would have been imposed by
two radically different projections.
The data gathered locally by the Citizen's Advisory
Committee and both planning boards, and the technical informa-
tion garnered from a variety of governmental and other sources
has been combined in this document. It represents a workable
plan for the future of Perquimans County and one which fits
the stated desires of a majority of its residents.
Page 147
•
•
C7

•
• APPENDIX A
PERQUIMANS COUNTY LAND USE SURVEY AND RESULTS
• Cover Letter
Dear Perquimans County Resident:
The attached Questionnaire is a chance to voice your
• opinion on future land use and development in your county.
It is important!
Please read and consider each question very carefully
and answer them.
Your Citizen Advisory Committee urgently needs your
opinion on this issue.
Complete and mail this questionnaire as soon as
possible.
• Thank you for your cooperation.
Sincerely,
•
•
•
•
Jesse P. Perry, Chairman
Wayne Ashley
Bobby Jones
L. Clintori Winslow
Donald Madre
Julian White
Shelton Morgan
Paul Smith, Jr.
Page 148
•

Perquimans County Land Use Survey: Questionnaire and Results
•
Total
Responses
518
510
491
S01
506
512
510
498
455
513
I. PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS
1. Are you presently a resident of Perquimans County?
Yes 98.2 % No 1.8%
2. In which township do you live? (Circle One)
3.
4.
S.
Ry
7.
•
A. Belvidere 11.6% B. Parkville 17.0 % C. Hertford 48.1%
D. New Hope 9.4% E. Bethel 14.0 %
•
If you live in a community specify which one? Not Tabulated
Educational Attainment (Circle One)
A.
Grammar School
12.(9.- B.
Junior High 6.7%
C.
High School
55.2% D.
College 26.116
Age
(Circle One)
A.
15-18 15.2 %
B. 19-25
9.2 % C. 26-35 10.2 %
D.
36-45 13.4 %
E. 46-55
16.4 %
Occupation
Business and related 52 (10.3%)
Professional and technical 19 (3.8%)
Farm related
76
(15.0%)
General Labor
41
(8.1%)
Managerial
16
(3.2%)
Housewives
42
(8.3%)
Educators and related
19
(3.8%)
Skilled workers
40
(7.9%)
Retired
72
(14.2%)
Government
22
(4.3%)
Students
81
(16:0%)
No response
18
(3.6%)
Other
8
(1.2%)
Sex Male 67.0 %
Female 33.0 %
u
r,
u
C
8. Race (Circle One)
A. Black 26.9 % B. Caucasian 71.2 % C. Other 2.0 %
9. Number of years you have resided in county Not Tabulated.
10. Which of the following applies to you? (Circle One)
A. Own Home 81.5 % B. Rent Home 15.6 %C. Own other prop-
erty in county
2.9 %
11. Marital Status (Circle One)
A. Single 22.4 % B. Married 65.9o- C. Widow or Widower
D. Divorced 2.9 % 8.8 %
•
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0

• Total
Responses
499
12. Are
you presently (Circle One)
A.
Employed 47.9 % B. Unemployed 4.4 % C. Retired 21.8%
D.
Full-time Homemaker 5.4 % E. Full-time student 13.806
•
460
13. Where is most or all of your income derived? (Circle One)
A.
Perquimans County 54.3% B. Tidewater Virginia 5.9 %
C.
Adjacent County 10.9% D. Other 28.9 %
505
•
14. How
do you obtain most of your information about activities in
the
county? (Circle One)
A.
Newspaper 54.3% B. Through radio 5.1%
C.
Through TV 3.2% D. By word of mouth 34.9%
E.
Other 2.6%
• 410 15. How long do you anticipate living in Perquimans County? Not Tabu-
lated
II. COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT
524
1. What do you like most about Perquimans
County?
•
Friendly people 167
31,9%
Small size & relaxed 141
26.9%
atmosphere
Environment (hunting, fishing,
etc) 155
29.6%
Low Crime rate 51
9.7%
•
Other 10
1.9%
459
2. What do you like least about Perquimans
County?
Lack of cultural activities
14 3.1%
Little industry & job opportunity
101
22.0%
Recreational facilities
64
13.9%
•
Water and Sewer
7
1.5%
Lack of medical facilities
16
3.5%
Lack of shopping facilities
28
6.1%
Roads
14
3.1%
Police protection
16
3.5%
Racial prejudice
24
5.2%
•
Trash and litter
14
3.1%
School system and facilities
33
7.2%
Taxes
8
1.7%
Planning and zoning
23
5.0%
Other
97
21.0%
• 827
3. What are the three most serious
problems
in the County?
Medical Facilities
54
6.5%
Educational facilities
58
7.0%
Industry and jobs
172
20.8%
Roadside dumps and litter
16
1.9%
Soil erosion
9
1.1%
•
Recreation facilities
94
11.4%
Taxes
7
0.8%
Land clearance and development
17
2.1%
•
Page 150

•
Total
Responses
492
497
434
518
157
Planning and zoning
25
3.0%
Shopping facilities
31
3.7%
Housing
20
2.4%
Roads
28
3.4%
Police protection
45
5.4%
Pollution
25
2.1%
Other
155
18.7%
Water and sewer
49
5.9%
No communication
22
2.7%
4. In your opinion, which of the following should the county
adopt as its policy for county population growth during
the next 10 years? (Circle one)
A. Remain the same size 18.7
B. Small increase 43.1
C. Substantial increase 35.2
D. Reduce population 3.0
S. Would you like to see more tourists come to Perquimans
County? Yes 75.3 No 24.7
6. What, if any, type of tourist facilities do you think
should be developed in this area?
Historical preservation
79
18.2%
Motel and restaurant
128
29.5%
Hunting and fishing
23
5.3%
Camping facilities
33
7.6%
Parks
49
11.3%
Boating facilities
40
9.2%
Beaches
30
6.9%
Other
52
12.0%
7. What, if any, additional recreational
facilities would you
like to see in Perquimans County?
Tennis Courts
75
14.5%
Golf course
25
4.8%
Playgrounds and parks
108
20.8%
Youth activities
90
17.4%
Boating facilities
18
3.5%
Swimming
40
7.7%
Camping
6
1.2%
Theatre and Bowling Alley
73
14.1%
Other
83
16.0%
8. In your opinion, do you think that the county has any
environmental problems? Yes
50.6
No 49.4
If so, what?
Water pollution
62
39.5%
Land clearance
15
9.6%
Water and sewer
10
6.4%
Roadside dump.s and litter
40
25.5%
Erosion
7
4.4%
Other
23
14.6%
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
J
Page 151
J

Total
Response
9. In
your opinion, do you think that
the county has
any environmental
475
problems? Yes 50.6%
No
49.4%
If so,
what is
needed.
♦
10. In
your opinion, do the citizens
of
Perquimans County
have
480
adequate opportunity to participate
in local government
and
community affairs? Yes
63.3 %
No
36.7%
III.
COUNTY
GOAL FORMULATION
1. What is your attitude toward
the following
statements:
Agree
Disagree
Strongly
Agree
Neutral
Disag.
Strongly
(a)
Economic development
�457
is more important
10.7%
22.3%
15.5%
32.2%
19.2%
than environmental
protection.
477
(b)
The county's future
♦
development must be
49.7%
44.4%
4.2%
0.8%
0.8%
planned.
487
(c)
Our natural resources
and wildlife should
53.4%
40.9%
4.1%
0.6%
1.0%
be protected.
�470
(d)
There should be more
control of land
35.1%
37.2%
18.7%
6.6%'
2.3%
development.
472
(e)
Our historic assets
should be preserved.
45.1%
36.7%
15.0%
2.3%
0.8%
481
(f)
The.appearance of
our county needs to
47.2%
40.3%
8.5%
2.5%
1.5%
be improved.
080
(g)
More industry is
needed to supplement
42.5%
38.5%
9.8%
6.0%
3.1%
existing agricultural
base.
468
(h)
Emphasis on future
♦
growth should be
30.8%
41.5%
17.3%
6.2%.
4.3%
concentrated in
existing communities
(Ex. Hertford, Winfall,
Belvidere, etc.)
W73
(i)
The area needs more
agricultural related
28.5%
42.1%
20.1%
6.8%
2.5%
industries.
Page 152

Total
Agree
Disagree
Response
Strongly
Agree
Neutral
Disag.
Strongly
471
(j)
The county needs
'
more technical 30.6 %
42.5%
18.0%
5.7%
3.2%
industries.
1474
(k)
The county's
agricultural lands 35.9%
40.9%
11.8%
7.8%
3.6%
are very important
and must be protected
or maintained from
•
uncontrolled or
unrestrained
residential,
commercial or
industrial development.
•
484
(1)
Perquimans County is
primarily rural/agri- 23.1%
33.5%
15.3%
21.3%
6.8 %
cultural oriented. It
should remain this way.
482
(m)
There should be
0
limited control of 21.4 %
38.6 %
24.3 %
11.8 %
3.9 %
shoreline develop-
ment.
484
(n)
Since the agri-
cultural lands of the 37.0 %
39.0 %
15.1 %
5.6 %
3.3 %0
county are of primary
importance and drain-
age is essential, the
county should strongly
push for a federally
supported comprehen-
sive drainage program.
2. Do
you feel the following are adequate
in
Perquimans
County?
Agree
Disagre
Strongly
Agree
Neutral
Disag.
Strongl3r
478
(a)
Road maintenance 11.1%
42.1%
7.5%
28.9%
10.5%
and upgrading.
478
(b)
Water facilities. 9.8%
38.1%
12.1%
28.9%
11.1%
473
(c)
Sewer facilities. 9.5%
34.5%
16.3%
29.4%
10.1%
483
(d)
Fire protection. 16.8%
48.7%
13.5%
15.1%
6.0%
477
(e)
Historic preserva- 10.3%
37.1%
22.6%
23.7%
6.3%
tion.
4.72
(f)
Electrical utilities. 12.9%
54.2%
12.1%
12.5%
8.3%
0
Page 153

•
Total
Response
Agree
Disagre
Strongly
Agree
Neutral
Disag.
Strongl
471
(g)
Storm water drain-
age and flooding
8.3 %
31.0 %
23.4 %
27.4 %
10.0 %
control.
#76
(h)
Community appear-
8.8 %
23. 7 %
17.2 %
38 .7 %
11. 6 %
ance.
474
(i)
Protection of the
natural environment
11.0%
38.8%
17.3%
25.3%
7.6%
and wildlife.
•
475
(j)
Proper housing.
9.3%
30.1%
18.5%
31.8%
10.3%
475
(k)
Planning and
community develop-
6. 7 %
24.4 %
22. 7 %
34.1 %
12.0 %
ment.
•
469
(1)
Zoning and land use
controls.
5. 3 %
24.1 %
30.7 %
30. 5 %
9.4%
477
(m)
Relationship between
the county and towns.
9.4%
35.0%
22.4%
23.7%
9.4%
459
(n)
Code enforcement
and inspection.
6.5%
28.3%
34.6%
17.9%
12.6%
471
(o)
Refuse collection
or disposal.
10.0%
48.8%
14.9%
17.2%
9.1%
•
477
(p)
Educational facili-
ties.
9.0%
29.1%
14.5%
28.7%
18.7%
4S5
(q)
Cultural facilities.
5.S%
22.4%
25.1%
31..4%
15.6%
*5
(r)
Rescue and ambulance
service.
23.3%
S5.3%
8.0%
9.1%
4.3%
3. What
is your attitude toward the county doing
the
following:
Agree
Disagre
Strongly
Agree
Neutral
Disag.
Strongl
473
(a)
Attract more indus-
try.
38.0%
34.2%
9.3%
5.9%
5.7%
*8
(b)
Impose additional
taxes if they would
12.8%
23.3%
15.8%
25.4%
22.6%
increase economic
activity and reduce
unemployment.
•
Page 154

I1
Total
Response
47.2
4.96
4S0
472
Agree Disagre
Strongly Agree Neutral Disag. Strong]
(c)
Provide more land
use control and
17.2%
37.5%
27.1%
11.7%
6.6%
zoning.
(d)
Restrain urban
9.4%
16.2%
28.1%
33.8%
12.5-0
growth.
(e)
Promote urban
18.0%
38.2%
25.3%
10.7%
7.8%
growth.
(f)
Cooperate fully
•
and interact posi-
35.6%
44.3%
15.7%
1.9%
2.5%
tively with the towns
for total community
growth.
4. In general, are there any other comments or concerns you have
about this county which were not covered by this questionnaire?
( Not Tabulated)
Page 155

•
APPENDIX B
REPORT OF THE CITIZENS ADVISORY COMMITTEE
NOVEMBER 17, 1975
TO: Mr. Lester Simpson, Chairman, Perquimans County
Commission
FROM: J. P. Perry, Jr., Chairman, Perquimans County
Citizens Advisory Committee
SUBJECT: Report of the Citizens Advisory Committee to the
County Commissioners
On February 17, 1975, the County Commissioners of Per-
quimans County appointed eight residents of the County to
serve as a Citizens Advisory Committee.. Appointed were
Wayne Ashley, Bobby Jones, L. Clinton Winslow, Donald Madre,
Jesse P. Perry, Jr., Julian White, Shelton Morgan and Paul
Smith, Jr.
As its name implies, the Citizens Advisory Committee
was charged with the responsibility of bringing to the
attention of Perquimans County citizens the importance of
recent NC legislation set forth in the Coastal Area Manage-
ment Act. This Act will affect future land -use planning in
twenty coastal North Carolina counties and requires each of
those counties to submit a future land -use plan to the
Coastal Resources Commission not later than November 25, 1975.
Following appointment of the Citizens Advisory Committee,
a first meeting was held to inform the committee members of
their duties and to familarize them with the more relevant
parts of the Coastal Area Management Act.
At a second meeting, Jesse P. Perry, Jr. was elected
Chairman for the committee, and discussion was started on
• how the citizens of the County might best be made familiar
with important provisions of the Act.
This report will not review the records of each of the
Committee meetings. However, the following summary should
be helpful to the Commissioners:
• Page 156

u
SCHEDULED MEETINGS OF THE CITIZENS ADVISORY COMMITTEE S
February 27, 1975. . . . . . Attendance. .19
March 19, 1975 . . . . . . . . .19
April 16, 1975 . . . . . . . . .17
May 12, 1975 . . . . . . . . . . 9
May 28, 1975 . . . . . . . . . .21
June 10, 1975. . . . . . . . . .22
July 16, 1975. . . . . . . . . .19
August 20, 1975. . . . . . . . . 2
Many of the above meetings were held with the Perquimans Coun- •
ty Planning Committee and with members of the Perquimans Coun-
ty Commissioners in attendance. At all meetings, a member to
the NC Dept. of Natural and Economic Resources, Elizabeth City
Branch Office, was present. These were staff members (plan-
ners) assigned to aid counties in the Albemarle area in their
efforts to prepare land -use plans for the Coastal Resources
Commission.
Mr. Steve Chapin from the Elizabeth City office was very
helpful to the Committee, particularly during its first four
meetings. He was joined in June by Mr. William C. Robbins, •
Jr., who was assigned as a full-time planner to assist with
the development of a land -use plan for Perquimans County.
The Citizens Advisory Committee agreed that we would use
four major methods to tell Perquimans County Citizens about the
Coastal Area Management Act and to get their participation, •
views, ideas and suggestions regarding future land -use and
development in the County. Those methods were:
1. Send a Land -use and development question-
naire to Perquimans County residents.
•
2. Schedule public meetings to discuss pro-
visions of the Coastal Area Management
Act.
3. Discuss the Act at local civic clubs and
organizations such as the -Hertford Town
Council, the Winfall Town Council, Ruritan
Clubs, Chamber of Commerce and Rotary
Club.
4. Utilize the local press and radio for reg-
ular releases and announcements concerning
the Coastal Area Management Act.
Page 157

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•
•
•
Mr. Curt Robbins, planner for Perquimans County, was very
helpful to the Committee in all.of these endeavors and members
of the Committee were enthusiastic, interested and imaginative.
The result was that an excellent questionnaire (sample attach-
ed) was mailed to approximately 2,500 Perquimans County resi-
dents. At the time of mailing the questionnaires, radio and
press announcements appeared informing the public of the im-
portance of the questionnaires and urging their return. As
a result of this campaign, a 25% response was obtained from
addresses --this is considered to be an excellent return.
The returned questionnaires were reviewed and the an-
swers --when tabulated --gave a clear picture of how a majority
of the County residents feel about many important future
land -use and development questions (copy attached). Chair-
man of the Committee made available to members of the Per-
quimans County Planning Committee and to the County Commis-
sioners the results of the questionnaire -survey. .
At the same time that the questionnaire was mailed, pub-
lic meetings were held in each of the County townships.
These were arranged by the Committee 'member from the township
and, in general, were successful with the exception of the
meeting held in New Hope where only one person showed up.
The schedule of community meetings held was as follows:
DATE TIME COMMUNITY PLACE
June
19
8:00
PM
Belvidere
June
24
8:00
PM
Winfall
June
26
7:30
PM
Bethel
June
27
8:00
PM
Whiteston
July
1
7:30
PM
Parkville
July 10 8:00 PM Hertford
Community Building
Community Building
Regular meeting Bethel Ruritans
Community Building
Regular meeting Parkville
Ruritan
County Office Building
In addition to the above meetings, the Committee was
fortunate in having Mr. Erie Haste --member of the Coastal
Area Commission --appear as speaker on a number of occasions.
Mr. Curt Robbins was able to arrange for Mr. David Stick, also
a member of the Coastal Area Commission, to appear as a guest -
speaker at a public meeting held at the Perquimans County
Courthouse on July 8.
• In the field of public communications, via the local
press, the Committee was fortunate to have the enthusiastic
cooperation of the Perquimans Weekly on the Coastal Area
0 Page 158

•
Management Act, and Land -Use Planning and Development appeared
in the Weekly (see attached slippings). Additional articles
appeared at earlier dates, but the above period represented a
special effort to focus attention of the County citizens on
the importance of'the Coastal Area Management Act. The Daily
Advance also carried a number of articles that reached resi-
dents who were not subscribers to the Perquimans Weekly.
Drawing on results of the questionnaire, the Citizens
Advisory Committee developed --with the help of Mr. Curt Rob-
bins --a statement of Land -Use Objectives, Policies and Stan-
dards. Copies of the Statement were sent to members of the
County Planning Committee and to the County Commissioners
(copy attached). It was the Committee's thought that such a
statement would be helpful to the Planning Committee and to
the Commissioners in drawing up a final Land -Use Plan for sub-
mission to the Coastal Area Commission. The Committee under-
stands that a draft of the Perquimans County Land -Use Plan has
now been submitted to the County Planning Committee and to the
County Commissioners.
In working with citizens of the county, the Chairman of
the Advisory Committee was asked to serve as a member of the
town of Hertford's Committee which was also involved in devel-
oping a similar plan. Much of the work done at an earlier date
by the County Committee was found to be helpful to the town
Committee. The Town of Winfall--at an early date --agreed to
"go along" with Plans and recommendations drawn up by the Coun-
ty Citizen's Advisory Committee.
In summary, the Citizens Advisory Committee feels that
residents of Perquimans County --in general --are aware of the
importance of the Land -Use and Development Plan to be submitted
by the County to the Coastal Area Commission.
The Committee has one suggestion to make to the Commis-
sioners viz, that the Commissioners present to residents of
the County the important and significant parts of the plan --
asking for advice, suggestions and comments.
Finally, the Committee would like to express its appre-
ciation and thanks to Mr. Steve Chapin and Mr. Curt Robbins
for their help and guidance during the past few months; to
Mr. Richard Bryant and other members of the Perquimans County
Planning Committee for their encouragement and help and to
Mrs. Marjorie Fields for her unfailing kindness and helpfulness
with meetings, notes and correspondence.
Respectfully submitted this 17th day
of November, 1975
Page 159 0

•
•
•
Jesse P. Perry, Jr., Chairman
Perquimans County Citizens Advisory Committee
Wayne Ashley
Bobby Jones
L. Clinton Winslow
Donald Madre
Julian White
Shelton Morgan
Paul Smith, Jr.
cc: Mr. Curt Robbins, Jr.
•
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•
• Page 160

APPENDIX C
A DISCUSSION AND COMPARISON OF FOREST AND AGRICULTURAL LAND
USE IN PERQUIMANS COUNTY .
Agriculture and forestry are the two largest industries
in Perquimans County and, quite naturally, are the predomi-
nant land uses. Figures from the Census of Agriculture 0
indicate that in 1959 the County had 87,611 acres in farms.
By 1969 this figure had decreased by seven percent to
81,448 acres. 0
These figures are somewhat deceptive, however, when
attempting to compare agriculture and forested acreage. They
indicate that 52.4 percent of the total county land area in
1959 and 51.6 percent in 1969 were in farms; but they do
not indicate hots much cuZtivated Zand and hors much forested
Zand are contained in the figures. A 200 acre farm with
100 acres of woodland and 100 acres of cropland or pasture
is simply counted as 200 acres of farmland using the Census
of Agriculture methodology.
So although these figures do show a percentage decrease
in the number of acres of farmland over the ten-year period,
they cannot be interpreted to mean that the number of cul-
tivated or forested acres in the County is decreasing. The
decrease in farm acreage over the period can be attributed
•
to a variety of factors including residential and commercial
development, and the physical expansion of such corporations
Page 161 0

17,
as Weyerhauser and Union Camp.
Figures compiled by the North Carolina Soil and Water
Conservation Committee in the North Carolina Conservation
Needs Inventory provide a much more detailed breakdown.
These are shown below.
Land Use Acres in Inventory - Perquimans County
1958 1967
CROPLAND 57,000 57,901
• PASTURE 2,543 4,393
FOREST 102,474 95,560
OTHER LAND 2,200 4,072
TOTAL ACREAGE 164,217 1612926
SOURCE: North Carolina Conservation Needs Inventory
It must be noted that the total number of acres in the
• County differ slightly with respect to 1958 and 1967 totals.
This can be attributed to reporting error and the problem of
river and sound erosion, which is discussed at length in the
• body of the plan, itself.
During the study period from 1958 to 1967, the amount
of cropland incr-eased slightly while the number of forested
• acres declined. This is a trend which appears to be continu-
ing and even accelerating. The United States Department of
Agriculture, Forest Resource Bulletin places the number of
• forested acres at 86,672 in 1974.
The trend in agriculture and forestry would appear to
•
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be fundamentally the same. Increasing mechanization, the
introduction of new hybrids, and modern management practices
have dictated larger acreages and more uniform land use. In
the forest industry this has meant the planting of more soft-
woods and the increasing importance of such corporations as
Weyerhauser and Union Camp. In agriculture there has been a
significant increase in average farm size and increased
clearance activity to bring more acres under cultivation. In
both industries drainage techniques have been employed to •
increase the suitability of parcels of land.
The net result, in terms of land use, has been that a
large number of acres have been cleared of their natural
cover, drained where necessary and put under cultivation or
reseeded with h,•brid pine. It is increasingly difficult for
farmers and landowners, in general, to ignore the opportunity
costs associated with native stands of trees. Clearance
activities, particularly in the northeastern part of the
County, have been fairly extensive in the last ten years. it
In 1973, according to the North Carolina Forest Service,
Perquimans County produced a total of 24,232,000 board feet
of sawtimber, veneer and plywood; and 21,091 cords of �.
pulpwood. A detailed listing is shown on the following page.
•
•
Page 163

•
0 PERQUIMANS COUNTY COMMODITY DRAIN SURVEY
Sawtimber: (Board Feet)
Yellow Pine 16,128,000
Other Softwood 88,000
Soft Hardwood 775,000
Hard Hardwood 1,137,000
TOTAL 18,128,000
Veneer and Plywood: (Board Feet)
Softwood
4,892,000
Soft Hardwood
714,000
Hard Hardwood
4982000
TOTAL
6,104,000
Pulpwood: (Standard Cords)
Pine
6,933
• Hardwood
14,158
TOTAL
21,091
Source: County Figures for Forest Products Drain, 1973
•
The last year for which sales figures ave available is
1975 and according to the Agricultural Extension Service,
these totaled 192,500 dollars. From Forestry Service and
Extension Service figures, the most important forest product
appears to be sawtimber both in terms of total cut and sales
figures. Pulpwood appears to be of importance but not as
•
economically significant as sawtimber.
The most important field crops in the County, according
to Agricultural Extension Service figures for 1975, are soy-
beans, corn and peanuts, in that order. Total sales in
•
Page 164

•
dollars were 5,580,000, 5,249,600, and 1,452,080,
respectively. Other economically significant field crops
in 1975 were wheat, with total sales of 308,000 dollars,
•
and oats, with total sales of 217,500 dollars. Sweet
corn, which is not tabulated with the variety used for
grain and silage, accounted for 275,975 dollars in sales.
•
Other vegetables and berries, and fruits and nuts did
not have total sales which could be considered economically
significant. In this same category are both poultry products
•
and commercial fish production, although poultry products
were more important than the later.
The final area of importance in the County is livestock
•
production, with swine the most economically significant
product. Total sales in 1975 were 5,985,148 which surpasses
the total sales from soybeans. Beef cattle, dairy cattle,
•
sheep and other livestock did not appear to be of major
importance.
•
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Ll
El
APPENDIX D
Water Quality in Perquimans County
• Of the 323 square miles of surface area in Perquimans
County, approximately 77 are covered with water and still
others are subject to seasonal flooding. Three rivers, the
Perquimans, Yeopim and Little, are found in the County and the
Albemarle Sound forms its southern border. Water resources
are extremely important to County residents for commercial,
• recreational and aesthetic purposes.
In 1971 the General Assembly passed the "Water and Air
Quality Reporting Act" in an attempt to protect the surface
•
waters of the state from pollution. This involves a monthly
monitoring program of wastewater treatment facilities to deter-
mine the efficiency of facilities and the effects of wastewater
•
discharges on receiving streams. The responsibility for admin-
istering this program is and has been assigned to the North
Carolina Division of Environmental Management.
•
An important aspect of the monitoring program has to do
with stream cZassification. The permitted uses of a body of
water are limited by the actual "quality" of the water, in
•
terms of pollution levels. A complete description of the
classification system is outlined on the following pages.
•
Page 166
•

•
NORTH CAROLINA WATER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM 0
Fresh
Waters
Class
Description
A -I
Suitable as a source of water supply for drinking,
'culinary, or flood processing purposes after treat-
ment by approved disinfection only, and any other
usage requiring waters of lower quality.
•
A -II
Suitable as a source of water supply for drinking,
culinary, or food processing purposes after approved
treatment equal to coagulation, sedimentation, fil-
tration and disinfection, etc., and any other usage
requiring waters of lower quality,
B
Suitable for outdoor bathing, boating and wading,
and any other usage requiring waters of lower quali-
ty.'
C
Suitable for fish and wildlife propogation. Also
suitable for boating, wading and other uses requiring
waters of lower quality.
D
Sui-table for agriculture and industrial cooling and
process water supply, fish survival, navigation and
other usage, except fishing, bathing, or as a source
•
of water supply for drinking, culinary or food pro-
cessing purposes.
Tidal Salt Waters
C1
Class Description
SA Suitable for shellfishing for market purposes and
any other usage requiring waters of lower quality.
SB Suitable for bathing and any other usage except •
shellfishing for market purposes.
SC Suitable for fishing and any other usage except
bathing and shellfishing for market purposes.
•
An important part of the classification system, particu-
larly in the coastal region is the designation swamp waters,
•
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•
•
These are defined by the Environmental Management Commission
as waters which are topographicaZZy Zocated so as to generaZ-
Zy have Zow veZocities and certain other characteristics which
are different from adjacent streams draining steeper topogra-
phy, and are designated by the Zetters "SW" in the sche duZe.
• These waters are typically slow -moving and more acidic than
other fresh waters, and the "SW" designation simply tends to
give more information about a body of water than if found in
the A-D classification system.
The responsibility for assigning classifications to in-
dividual streams and other bodies of water belongs to the
• North Carolina Environmental Management Commission. In deter-
mining the safety of suitability of Class A -I and A -II waters,
those to be used for human consumption, the Commission is
guided by the physical, chemical and bacteriological standards
specified in the 1962 edition of the "Public Health Service
Drinking Water Standards" and "Rules and Regulations Provid-
ing for the Protection of Public Water Supplies" by the North
Carolina Division of Health Services. When assigning B and
SB classifications, the Commission must take into consider-
ation the relative proximity of sources of pollution and rec-
ognize the potential hazards involved in locating swimming
areas close to such sources. It will not assign these class-
ifications to waters, the bacterial Quality of which is de-
pendent solely upon adequate disinfection, where the inter-
•
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E
ruption of such treatment would render the water unsafe for
bathing.
A•complete listing of current water classifications found
in the County is outlined below.
Water Classifications in Perquimans County
Name of Stream Description Class Date
Little River
Little River
Deep Creek
Perquimans River
Goodwin Mill Creek
Perquimans River
Toms Creek,
Mill Creek
Mill Creek
Raccoon Creek
Jennies Gut (Gum
Pond Run)
Raccoon Creek
Perquimans River
Sutton Creek
From source to mouth
of Halls Creek
From mouth of Halls
Creek to Albemarle
From source to Little
River
From source to Norfolk -
Southern Railroad
Bridge
From source to Perqui-
mans River
From Norfolk -Southern
Railroad Bridge
From source to Perqui-
mans River
From source to Perqui-
mans County SR
From Perquimans County
SR 1214 near Winfall
to Perquimans River
From source to Perqui-
mans County SR 1336
(Harvey Neck Bridge)
From source to Raccoon
Creek
From Perquimans County
SR 1336 (Harvey Neck
Bridge) to Perquimans
River
From a line across the
River from Barrow Point
to Ferry Point to Albe-
marle Sound
From source to a point
C Sw
SC
SC
C Sw
C Sw
SC
D Sw
C Sw
SC
4/1/61
4/1/61
4/1/61
4/1/61
4/1/61
4/1/61
4/l/61
7/1/73
4/1/61
D Sw 4/1/61
C Sw 9/l/74
SC 4/1/61
•
r,
•
•
u
•
•
SB 4/1/61
•
C Sw 4/1/61
•
Page 169

•
Name of Stream
Description
Class
Date
1.0 mile above Perqui-
C
Sw
4/1/61
mans River
•
Sutton
Creek
From a point.1.0 mile
SC
4/1/61
above Perquimans River
to Perquimans River
•
Canaan
Cove Creek
From source to its
C
Sw
4/l/61
narrows
Canaan
Cove Creek
From its narrows to
SC
4/1/61
•
Perquimans River
Muddy Creek
From source to Perqui-
SC
4/1/61
mans River
Minzies
Creek (Minns
From source to Albe-
SC
4/1/61
Cr.)
marle Sound
Yeopim
River
From source to Albe-
SC
4/1/61
marle Sound
Burnt Mill
Creek
From source to Yeopim
C
Sw
4/1/61
River
Bethel
Creek
From source to Yeopim
C
Sw
4/1/61
River
Yeopim
Creek
From source to a point
C
Sw
4/1/61
.
2.0 miles above Yeopim
River
Yeopim
Creek
From a point 2.0 miles
SC
4/1/61
above Yeopim River to
Yeopim River
•
Source: DNER, Division of Environmental Management .
There are presently only two (2) waste treatment facil-
ities in Perquimans County, both of which discharge into sur-
face waters. The Town of Hertford municipal facility dis-
charges into the Perquimans River, which is classified SC for
several miles downstream and then from a line across the River
from Barrow.Point to Ferry Point, becomes SB to the Albemarle
Sound. The SC classification in the segment of the River
bordering the Town of Hertford is mandated under the provi-
sions of the Water Classification System concerning bathing
•
Page 170

areas in close proximity to potential sources of pollution,
even though other factors are also important.
The Water Quality Management Plan for the Chowan River
Basin (of which the Perquimans, Yeopim and Little Rivers are •
a part) indicates that several water quality contraventions
have occurred which can be attributed to the Hertford facility.
These contraventions are the result of ground water infiltra- •
tion in the collector system. This problem is particularly
severe after a heavy rain or particularly high wind tide and
causes the treatment plant to become "overloaded". The net •
result is that sewage is not treated adequately under these
conditions before it is discharged into the River.
The municipal waste treatment plant is a Class I facility •
and the "Water and Air Quality Reporting Act" requires that
water samples be collected and tests made on a weekly basis.
There is no provision in the Act that would require tests
immediately after a large rain or extremely high tide, and,
therefore, it is impossible to assess the impact of such oc-
currences on water quality. It must be assumed, however, that •
they are responsible for the contraventions which have oc-
curred.
This problem is currently being addressed in a U. S. De- 0
partment of Housing and Development 201 Facilities Plan. The
planning area includes the Towns of Hertford, Winfall and a
portion of Perquimans County. Funding allocated to date for
Page 171

n
this project is $120,000, which is available in federal con-
struction grants. The political entities of the planning area
0 have designated the Town of Hertford as lead agency, and the
Town has made application for these funds. A qualified engi-
neering firm has been retained to study the municipal waste
disposal problems of the planning area and to prepare a facil-
ities plan setting forth recommended actions necessary to
solve the problems. Hopefully, this will serve to remedy the
infiltration problem and its implications with regard to
water quality.
The other waste treatment facility in the County is
found in small lots for campers and discharges into Minzes
Creek, a class SC stream. According -to the North Carolina
Division of Environmental Management, this facility is being
properly operated although insufficient data is available to
determine whether water quality has been contravened.
In the future, however, the facility will not be adequate
• for the needs of its users at peak capacity. As more camper
lots are sold, the strain on the system will increase. During
summer weekends operating capacity is characteristically high,
1
but on weekdays and during colder months it is quite low.
At the request of the Division of Environmental Manage-
ment, plans have been made to convert the facility from water
•
discharge to a modified subsurface facility, utilizing earth
mounds for treatement. A 10,000 gallon holding tank will be
•
Page 172

Ui
•
constructed to accumulate effluent that cannot be treated
during the weekends when the facility is operating at design
capacity. This effluent can then be treated during the follow-
ing weekdays when the facility is not being as heavily utilized.
In this manner, the dual purpose of eliminating the possibility
of contravening water qulaity standards in Minzes Creek, and
•
modifying the impact of fluctuating loading rates is achieved.
The artificial earthen mounds should serve to treat the effluent
and prevent ground water contamination, providing a satisfactory
•
solution to the waste treatment operation at Holiday Island.
Although the two (2) above -mentioned facilities presently
discharge into bodies of water, they do not constitute the only •
possible sources of pollution.
Pollution can be introduced into surface waters from both
"point and nonpoint sources". The Environmental Management
Commission defines point source as-"... any discernible, con-
fined, and discrete conveyance, including, but specifically
not limited to, any pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, .
discrete fissure, container, rolling stock or concentrated
animal feeding operation from which waste is or may be dis-
charged to the waters of the State."
•
Nonpoint sources are such things as agricultural runoff
and the naturally -occurring accumulation of plant material in
bodies of water. A degree of water quality degradation can be
attributed to the chemical decomposition of such plant materi-
al•, especially in "swamp" waters. The fact that swampwater is
•
Page 173

•
•
characteristically found in areas of dense vegetation, and
moves so slowly has important implications on the amount of
naturally -occurring pollution.
•
In Perquimans County, as in the rest of the State of
North Carolina, very little monitoring of agricultural runoff
and concentrations of animal feeding operations has taken
•
place. No data is available to examine their effect on water
quality. Intuitively these could be sources of significant
pollution if preventive measures are not taken. Both un-
doubtedly contribute to water quality problems in the County
but it is difficult to determine to what degree. In order to
IDthoroughly understand water quality and determine the impact of
these operations, extensive sampling and research are necessary.
Another aspect related to water quality has to do with the
• use and regulation of septic tanks. Poor soil characteristics
and a generally high water table throughout most of the coastal
area tend to make conventional septic tank sewage disposal sys-
•' tems environmentally unsuitable for continued use in high den-
sity development. Failure of septic systems means that either
improperly treated sewage is being injected into shallow ground-
0 waters of the area or that sewage effluent appears on the ground
surface at sometime during the year to be washed into nearby
surface waters with each subsequent rainstorm.
i When untreated septic wastes are injected directly into
shallow groundwater, most of the groundwater pollution which
results remains -within the upper few feet of the water table.
Page 174

•
The polluted groundwater then flows laterally and discharges in- r
to streams, sounds and other surface waters, usually causing
deterioration of"water quality.
Although Perquimans County has not experienced substantial 0
high density development utilizing septic systems, problems do
exist with regard to septic fields bordering rivers and the
sound. In some instances septic fields have been eroded and in
others, they are merely suspect. No hard data exists on which
to base definitive statements.
It must suffice to say that a problem does exist with re- •
gard to septic systems, especiaZZy in the southern portion of
the County. The primary responsibility for inspection and
approval of such -systems belongs to the District Health Depart- 0
ment, whose regulations may be no less stringent than the mini-
mum requirements of the rules and regulations promulgated by
the Commission for Health Services. The opinion of the Engi-
neering Section of the Division for Health Services, Department
of Human Resources, however, is that "... the existing rules
•
and regulations of the Commission for Health Services are not
adequate to control the problems associated with the use of
septic tanks in high density development, particularly in sandy
0
soils where shallow wells are used for water supply and where
development is adjacent to bodies of water, as is typical in
the coastal area." Since the District Health Department
•
utilizes the minimum rules and standards, it would seem that
local septic tank ordinances must be inadequate to deal with
•
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•
r
the problem discussed above.
Summary
•
It has been established that while water quality in
Perquimans County is adequate, it is by no means "good"
and several bodies of water are apparently at least
partially degraded. All of Toms Creek and part of Racoon
Creek are classified in the "D" category. All other waters,
with the exception of a segment of the Perquimans River,
1
are in the "C" category. Only the one section of the
Perquimans River is certified as fit for bathing.
It cannot be determined, at this time, what the sources
of pollutants are. In all likelihood `it is a combination
of several sources, some natural and some caused by man.
Further research and sampling is necessary in order to
•
reach more definite conclusions.
•
U
0 Page 176

The preparation of this report was financed in part through a planning
grant from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration,
under the provisions of Section 305 of the Federal Coastal Zone
Management Aft of 1972 as amended and the North Carolina Coastal Area
Management Act.of 1974.
9
•
0
i7
S
a
E

1
PERQUIMANS COUNTY
o �
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