Land Development Plan Update-1981

CAMA
l]LW=Nlb
PL�
FOR
PERQUIMANS COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
PREPARED BY
FERREN PLANNING GROUP
Greenville, N.C.
PROPERTY OF
DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE

A
IPREFACE
The preparation and successful completion of a county -wide plan
such as this requires the close cooperation of many individuals and
organizations. The Perquimans County Planning Board acted as the central
working body during the preparation of this plan and provided local
input regarding all aspects of the plan preparation. The Board of
County Commissioners, as the final decision -making body, provided the
necessary local political decision -making required to finalize the all-
'
important policy section statements of this document. To these two
bodies, especially, and to all of the other state and local agencies
who contributed their time and source data, we at the Ferren Planning
'
Group express our sincere appreciation.
'
PERQUIMANS COUNTY
BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
'
Joseph W. Nowell, Jr., Chairman
Lester H. Simpson, Vice Chairman W.W. White, Jr.
Charles H. Ward Marshall E. Caddy
'
PERQUIMANS COUNTY
PLANNING BOARD
John D. Costen, Chairman
Silas M. Whedbee
L. Clinton Winslow, Jr.
Floyd Matthews
Richard Bryant
Ed Nixon
Dewey Perry, Jr.
A special thanks
goes to Mrs. Jeanne C. White, Clerk
to the Board
of Commissioners, and
her staff in the Office of Register
of Deeds,
whose coordinating efforts greatly assisted in the preparation of this plan.
1
Iq

' EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
In 1974, the North Carolina General Assembly enacted the Coastal
Area Management Act for the purpose of establishing a cooperative state
' and local program for managing coastal resources. One of the key
elements of this management program is the land use plans prepared by
each of the 20 coastal counties, which establish policies to guide
development in each county. This planning report is an update of
the Perquimans County Land Use Plan, which was first prepared in 1976.
Although both the 1976 plan and this update were prepared in accordance
with the planning guidelines established by CAMA, it should be pointed
' out that the guidelines were substantially revised in 1979, placing
more emphasis on local policy statements.
Why should Perquimans County have a land use plan? Probably the
most important reason is that it provides all the residents of the County
an opportunity to manage the ever increasing development pressures
' which are evident in eastern North Carolina. By establishing good
land use practices, Perquimans County will be able to avert problems
that have occurred in other parts of the country, such as ground water
and surface water contamination from septic tank effluent, strip develop-
ment along major highways and destruction of valuable wildlife habitat.
At the same time good land use management practices should not preempt
economic development activities.
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
As a rule, land use planning should include the citizens for which
the plan is being prepared. Without citizen participation a plan often
amounts to nothing more than a report prepared by planners who may or
' may not know the needs and values of the community.
During the update of the Perquimans County land use plan public
input was solicited through a survey questionnaire, public information
t meetings, the Planning Board and County Commissioners, and local
government officials.
1 The survey questionnaire was mailed to 2,500 Perquimans County
households. A large majority of the survey respondents held the opinion
that all future developments should be planned for by the County and
that the County's natural resources and wildlife should be protected.
Economic and population growth were also widely supported.
POPULATION AND ECONOMY
■ In contrast to the 1950's and 1960's when a population decrease
was experienced, Perquimans County experienced a population increase
during the 19701s. The actual increase was 13.4%, as the population
grew from 8,351 in 1970 to 9,466 in 1980.
' Housing figures provide additional evidence of population growth during
the 19701s. Information from the 1980 Census indicates the County
gained 1,257 housing units since 1970, a 43.4% increase.
1
i

Economic indicators reflect modest growth in the County's economy
as well as a continuing shift from the historically agricultural
base. Employment records reflect growth in both the number of county
residents employed and in the number of available jobs in the recent
past. The largest employment increases from 1970 to 1978 were in the
manufacturing, construction, and trade categories. On the other hand,
agricultural employment decreased significantly, not unlike other
areas of the State.
EXISTING LAND USE
Significant changes in Perquimans County land use patterns have
not occurred since the 1976 CAMA Plan was prepared. The rural nature
of the County continues to dominate the countryside. Forest lands
occupy over one-half of the acreage in Perquimans County and
agricultural land occupy about one-third of the acreages. However,
recent trends seem to indicate a decrease in agricultural acreage,
as Census figures show a decline of 6,000 acres from 1967 to 1977.
Urban land uses are concentrated in the communities of Hertford
and Winfall, however, water oriented residential developments are
becoming increasingly popular. Strip development along State roads
and highways is increasingly evident in Perquimans County like many
other eastern North Carolina counties. The county -wide water system
will undoubtedly stimulate a continuation of this pattern.
Most commercial development since 1976 has been in the form of
convenience type stores in the Hertford area. There have been no
new manufacturing operations added to the County since 1976.
CONSTRAINTS TO DEVELOPMENT
Consideration of development constraints, such as flood hazard
areas or poorly drained soils, is an important aspect of a land
use plan, as it distinguishes areas which are suitable or unsuitable
for development. Identification of these areas helps the County to
guide land uses to the most suitable areas.
In Perquimans County poor soils and flood prone areas are the
primary constraints to development.
Many soils in Perquimans County have poor drainage, high-water
table, and periodic flooding, which often creates problems for septic
tanks. Flood hazard areas in the County have been identified by the
Federal Flood Insurance Administration, but the County does not participate
in the flood insurance program or enforce flood plain zoning. Most
flood damage can be avoided by taking proper prevention measures.
Shorelines, wetlands, and estuarine waters are other areas which
have limited suitability for different land uses. Development in these
areas are regulated by State and Federal laws.
Existing public facilities were all found to be within capacity
and therefore do not act as a constraint to development. However,
the types and density of development is limited by the absence of sanitary
sewer outside of Hertford. The Department of Transportation traffic
ii

counts indicate all of the state roads and highways in the County
are well within capacity and the Department of Public Instruction
predicts school enrollments will continue to decline at least through
1984. The new county water system has sufficient capacity to meet current
and expected demands. Although there is a problem maintaining adequate
pressure to meet peak demand, improvements have been planned to remedy
this problem.
' ESTIMATED GROWTH DEMAND
1 Based on the population increase which took place between 1970
and 1980, it was reasonable to predict that Perquimans County will have
a population increase during the 19801s. An increase similar to the
13.4% increase which occurred during the 1970's would result in a gain
of 1,270 people, or a 1990 total population of 10,740. It is expected
that Bethel, New Hope and Parkville Townships, which,exhibited the
greatest amount of population growth during the 1970's, will receive
a majority of the County's growth in the 19801s.
Growth in employment should also take place especially if the
County is able to recruit one or more small industries. Commercial
development, mostly in the form of small convenience stores, will
concentrate near areas where residential development is taking place.
Most residential growth is expected to be strip or waterfront development
in addition to in -fill of existing developments.
In summary, it can be stated that major population economic changes
' are not expected and neither are burdensome demands on community
facilities.
' DEVELOPMENT ISSUES AND POLICY STATEMENTS
Although Perquimans County discussed many different land use issues
during the update of this plan, there was not a demand for the County
to enact major policy changes or initiatives. This was primarily
because of the moderate amounts of growth which has been occurring as
well as the fact that many of these issues have previously been
addressedby the County. Issues such as Perquimans River -Albemarle
Sound water quality, second home development, and four-laning of
U.S. 17 were addressed by the Planning Board and County Commissioners
' plus a number of others. Yet they already had a subdivision and
septic tank ordinance to oversee land developments and there are
numerous state and federal regulations affecting water and land use.
I Overall, the policies are supportive of the County residents'desires
to encourage growth but not if it comes at the expense of the County's
natural resources.
iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY OF PLAN
CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION
..Purpose of Study
..The Study Area
..Citizen Participation
..Current Plans & Policies
CHAPTER II - ANALYSIS OF CHANGE
..Introduction
..Population
..Economy
..Land Use Analysis
..Developed Lands
..Significant Land Use Compatibility Problems
CHAPTER III - CONSTRAINTS TO DEVELOPMENT
..Introduction
..Natural Constraints
..Man-made Hazard Areas
..Fragile Areas
..Public Facilities
CHAPTER IV - ESTIMATED GROWTH DEMAND
..Introduction
..Estimates of Population Growth
..Employment
CHAPTER V - DEVELOPMENT ISSUES
..Introduction
..Special Issues
..Resource Protection and Management
..Economic and Community Development
CHAPTER VI - LAND CLASSIFICATION
..Introduction
..Land Classifications
Appendix A
Land Classification Map
PAGE
i
1
1
2
4
7
10
10
10
12
16
17
22
23
23
23
25
25
25
29
29
29
30.
32
32
32
34
36
41
41
41

LIST OF EXHIBITS
PAGE
Exhibit
1
- Planning Area Map
3
Exhibit
2
- Location of Perquimans County to State
and Surrounding Counties
4
Exhibit
3
- Generalized Existing Land Use
18
Exhibit
4
- Existing Land Use - Winfall
20
Exhibit
5
- Transportation Links, Scattered Growth
21
Exhibit
6
- Development Limitations
24
Exhibit
7
- Water System Map
26

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE OF STUDY
Perquimans County prepared a Land Use Plan in 1976 in response
to the Coastal Area Management Act, passed by the North Carolina
Legislature in 1974. The purpose and intent of the act is best
described in Section .0101 "Introduction to Land Use Planning"
Subchapter 7B - Land Use Planning Guidelines (as amended 9/l/79):
.0101 Introduction
(a) The Coastal Area Management Act of 1974 establishes a
cooperative program of coastal area management between
local governments and the state. Land use planning lies
at the center of local government's involvement, as it
gives the local leaders an opportunity and responsibility to
establish and enforce policies to guide the development of their
community.
(b) The purpose of these state guidelines is to assist local
governments in each of the 20 coastal counties with the
preparation of their own individual land use plans. Each
county and the municipalities within the coastal counties
are encouraged to develop a plan which reflects the desires,
needs and and best judgment of its citizens. The land use
plans prepared under these guidelines, when considered
together, form the basis for "a comprehensive plan for the
protection, preservation, orderly development and management
of the coastal area of North Carolina," which is the primary
objective of the Coastal Area Management Act of 1974.
Further in the guidelines in Section .0201 (c), the heart of why
North Carolina communities and counties need to prepare land use plans
is described.
.0201 Introduction
(c) Local governments, through the land use planning process,
address issues and adopt policies that guide the development
of their community. Many decisions affecting development are
made by other levels of government, and local policies must
take account of and coincide with established state and
federal policies. Most decisions, however, are primarily of
local concern. By carefully and explicitly addressing these
issues, other levels of government will follow local policies that
deal with these issues. Policies which consider the type of
development to be encouraged, the density and patterns of
development, and the methods of providing beach access are
examples of these local policy decisions.
1

More significant even than the "requirement" that communities
prepare Land Use Plans every five years is the uses that are made
of the local plans once they have been completed. In the publication,
The Impact of State Regulation of Coastal Land in North Carolina,
prepared by Charles D. Liner of the Institute of Government at Chapel
Hill, he noted the impact of local land use plans on state and
federal decisions:
...Land -use plans have a potential effect on (local) land use
because:
(a) CAMA permits may not be issued for development that is
inconsistent with land -use plans (since CAMA permits are
required only in AECs, this effect is limited to land
within AECs).
(b) Local ordinances and regulations that apply to AECs must be
consistent with the land -use plan; local ordinances and
regulations affecting land outside AECs are subject to
review by the Coastal Resources Commission, which is
authorized to recommend modifications to the local government.
(c) Federal actions involving grants, licenses, permits, and
development projects must be consistent with local land -
use plans, as required by Section 307 of the FCZMA.
(d) In accordance with the Governor's Executive Order Number 15,
certain state agency actions and policies must be consistent
with land -use plans.
Over and above the requirements of the CAMA act and the uses of
local plans by state and federal permitting agencies, the local land
use plan can provide local elected and appointed officials and the
citizenry an opportunity to evaluate where they are and where they
want to be. In Perquimans County there is a public concern (discussed
later) about the lack of good paying job opportunities. Planning
for future "development" includes discussing the needs of the local
economy and developing local policies to encourage economic growth.
This is only one of many examples which might be used. It can
be stated, however, that the main purpose for updating the Perquimans
County Land Development Plan is so that all issues related to economic
and physical development can be discussed and a plan prepared which will
provide a guideline for the future growth and development of the County.
THE STUDY AREA
The geographic area being studied in this plan is all of the
land within the political jurisdiction of Perquimans County, with the
exception of the area within the extraterritorial planning jurisdiction

Co�n�y
Gates/
��
M
EXHIBIT 1
ALBEMARLE SOUND
PLANNING AREA MAP
Perquimans Co. Planning Area
Corporate Limits
Hertford Planning Area (apprx.)
CAMA LAND DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Perquimans County, N.C.
1980

' of the City of Hertford. Hertford will be preparing its own land use
plan during fiscal year 1981. Exhibit 1 shows the planning area being
studied.
Perquimans County is located in the extreme northeastern corner
of North Carolina, in what is known as the "Chowan/Albemarle" region.
It is surrounded by Gates County to the north, Pasquotank County to the
east, Chowan County to the west and the Albemarle Sound on the south.
Exhibit.2 shows the County's location relative to the rest of North
Carolina and to surrounding counties.
Exhibit 2—Location of Perquimans County to State and Surrounding Counties
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
One of the components of any plan for a local unit of government is
the solicitation of and involvement in the plan development by the
general public of the locality. Without citizen participation in the
planning process a plan becomes nothing more than a document prepared
by "experts" who may or may not know "what's best" for the community.
By eliciting citizen response on issues affecting them, including
those responses in the plan development, more viable alternative
solutions to local problems can be developed. As a result, a more
usable plan can be prepared.
4

1 There are several methods available to elicit citizen participation
(public meetings, surveys, publicity. et.al.) After discussion of
several methods, the Perquimans County Board of Commissioners decided
' to: 1) Request the County Planning Board to be responsible for the
preparation of the Land Development Plan Update and 2) have a survey
prepared in questionnaire form (similar to the one used during
preparation of the 1976 Plan) to be distributed to the general public
' of the County. Results from the survey were to be used to determine
the issues and problems of Perquimans County as seen by the general
public.
' Such a survey questionnaire was prepared and mailed out to each
household in the County. The major results of the survey are discussed
' below.
Results of the Land Use Plan Survey, 1980
A total of 2500 questionnaires were mailed out in 1980. Of
these, 408 were completed and returned. This represents a return of 16.3
percent. While this is not of sufficient size to quantitatively
determine the "public mind" on all matters, it does appear sufficient
to make some general statements about the opinions of the respondents.
Therefore, some of the results of that survey are presented below.
' Characteristics of Respondents
Over 80 percent of all respondents have completed high school or
college. They ranged in age from 15 years to over sixty. However,
85 percent were between the ages of 26 and 55. Seventy-five percent of
all respondents were females. Racial mix was about even with 55 percent
black and 48 percent white. Over 70 percent are employed full or
part-time. Fifty-eight percent of the respondents are employed (or
derive their incomes) in Perquimans County. The rest travel outside
of the County for employment. Over 40 percent reported incomes below
$9,000 per year. Only 5 percent had incomes of $20,000 per year or over.
However, 20 percent of the respondents did not answer the question on
income.
Attitudes Toward Growth and Development
t The following statements reflect the attitudes of a majority
(over 50%) of the respondents toward future growth and development
within Perquimans County. Exact percentages of responses are shown
' on the summary questionnaire.
....Any and all future developments in the County should be planned
' for by the County.
-•
..There should be local controls placed on future development, such
as a zoning ordinance or other form of land use control.
5

....The County should promote future growth in some of the rural
areas as well as in or near Hertford, but most of the growth
should be concentrated in Hertford, Winfall and Belvidere.
....The County's agricultural lands are very important and must
be protected from uncontrolled or unrestrained residential,
commercial or industrial development.
....The natural resources and wildlife in the County should
be protected.
....The historic assets of the County should be preserved.
....The County should encourage development of new industries to
provide new employment opportunities to supplement the
agricultural base of the county.
....The County should adopt a policy of population growth over the
next 10 years.
....Tourism in Perquimans County should be encouraged.
The respondents were asked to rank, according to the degree of
need, the areas of concern they felt needed improvement. They are
listed in priority order below, as determined by the survey respondents.
1. Medical Facilities
2. Employment Opportunities
3. Educational Facilities
4. Industrial Development
5. Better Law Enforcement
6. Community Facilities
7. Cultural Activities
8. Recreational Facilities
9. Land Use Planning
10. Environmental Considerations
11. Social Services -
Except for the first priority need for more medical facilities, the
respondents appear to feel the need for more economic opportunities,
combined with improved educational and community facilities. While 88
percent agreed that future developments should be planned for, land use
planning was ranked ninth as a priority need. This clearly indicates
that the respondents felt that economic growth will have to take place
in the County before general population growth will take place. This will,
in turn, require improvements in the areas of medical and other public
facilities.
Generally, it can be stated that a majority of the respondents like the
rural character of Perquimans County and choose to live there for that
reason. While they would like to maintain that character, they want to see
enough growth in the future to improve their standards of living. To
preserve this rural character they feel that growth cannot be uncontrolled;
that planning for the future and enforcement of the resulting plans will
ensure that economic and physical growth can take place without loosing
the rural environment they enjoy in Perquimans County.
0

CURRENT PLANS & POLICIES
One of the major purposes of this plan is to develop a set of local
' policies related to various types of development which may take place in
the future. Although policy development will be discussed in detail in
Chapter IV, it is necessary at this point to discuss existing plans and
policies which have been either prepared and adopted, or, in the case of
policies not included in plans, determine how these policies are carried
out on a daily basis. These current plans and policies can then be
compared to the analyses which follow to determine if new plans or
policies will be needed in the future.
Local policies can control certain aspects of development, but as
' everyone recognizes, the state and federal governments have various statutes
and regulations which may have impacts on various types of development.
This is especially true where development may occur in environmentally
' sensitive areas, such as fresh water swamps, marshes, etc. and in
potentially hazardous areas, such as flood plains or near airports.
Following the discussion of local plans and policies is a listing of
' all state and federal permitting agencies which may, at one time or
another, have applicability to new developments in Perquimans County.
Local Plans & Policies
Perquimans County Land Development Plan, CAMA, 1976: This plan was
obviously the predessor to this plan. It provided the basis for the
1 plan update. Prepared, under the land use planning
guidelines of the 1974 Coastal Area Management Act, it included analyses
of population and the economy as it existed at that time. This plan's
' major recommendations and conclusions are discussed in appropriate sections
of this'plan update, and for that reason will not be listed here. It is
worthy of note, however, that prior to the preparation of the 1976 CAMA
Plan, no planning documents had been prepared for Perquimans County,
' with the lone exception of a set of subdivision regulations, which were
revised in 1978 by the State's Division of Community Assistance.
Subdivision Regulations, 1977: As stated above, these regulations
were first adopted in 1973. Major revisions were required in 1977, which
produced the subdivision regulations in force at the present time. There
' are three provisions within these regulations which set them apart from
the standard subdivision regulations in most other jurisdictions in
North Carolina. First, there is an exemption from these regulations
' of any property division made from land owned by parents to be given to
their children. The second unique provision is that private roads are
permitted within new subdivisions. In almost all other subdivision regulations
in force at this time, subdividers are required to construct internal'roads
' to N.C.D.O.T. standards. so that the State can accept maintenance responsibilities
of those roads once they are completed. Internal private roads within
new subdivisions are also not required to be paved. The third unusual
provision of these regulations is that no specific distance between
a new subdivision and the existing county water system is defined in order
to determine whether or not the new subdivision will be required to connect
to the county water system. This determination is deferred to the discretion
of the Board of County Commissioners on a case by case basis. The rest
of the provisions in these regulations are typical of others in North Carolina
7

I
(and most other places). It should be noted that while the three
"unique" provisions described above are not typical, the County Board
of Commissioners had long discussions with planning professionals,
including alternatives to these provisions. After those discussions
the Commissioners decided that these provisions would be most acceptable
to the citizens of Perquimans County.
Housing and Land Use Addendum, 1978: This study was prepared to
provide additional housing and land use analysis which were not required
as part of the 1976 CAMA Land Development Plan, but which were required
in order to maintain Perquimans County's eligibility to receive Section "701"
planning funds from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
However, very little of the data analyzed in this study was "new" data.
Most of the housing data and almost all of the land use data were
provided to some extent in the 1976 CAMA Land Development Plan. The
most notable outgrowth of this document was a set of housing and land
use policies, objectives and implementation methods. These are listed
in Chapter V of this plan update.
Listed below are very brief descriptions of the types of developments
which may come under the jurisdiction of various state and federal
agencies. As stated above, some of these types of development may never
take place in Perquimans County, but it was considered necessary to list
all pertinent agencies which could exercise influence on various potential
developments in the County in the future.
Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, Division of
Environmental Management:
..Permits to discharge to surface waters or operate waste water treatment
plants or oil discharge permits; NPDES Permits, (G.S. 143-215)
..Permits for septic tanks with a capacity over 3000 gallons/day
(G.S. 143-215.3)
..Permits for withdrawal of surface or ground water in capacity use areas
(G.S. 143-215.15)
..Permits for air pollution abatement facilities and sources (G.S. 143-215.108)
..Permits for construction of complex sources; e.g. parking lots, subdivisions,
stadiums, etc. (G.S. 143-215.109)
..Permits for construction of a well over 100,000 gallons/day (G.S. 87-88)
Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, Office of
Coastal Management:
..Permits to dredge and/or fill in estuarine waters, tidelands, etc.
(G.S. 113-229)
..Permits to undertake development in Areas of Environmental Concern
(G.S. 113A-118) Note: Minor development permits are issued by the
local government.
Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, Division of
Earth Resources:
..Permits to alter or construct a dam (G.S. 143-215.66)
..Permits to mine (G.S. 74-51)
..Permits to drill an exploratory oil or gas well (G.S. 113-381)
8

' ..Permits to conduct geographical exploration (G.S. 113-391)
..Sedimentation erosion control plans for any land disturbing activity
of over one contiguous acre (G.S. 113A-54)
Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, Secretary of
NRCD:
1 ..Permits to construct an oil refinery
Department of Administration:
..Easements to fill where lands are proposed to be raised above the normal
high water mark of navigable waters by filling (G.S. 146.6(c))
Department of Human Resources:
..Approval to operate a solid waste disposal site or facility (G.S. 130-166.16)
..Approval for construction of any public water supply facility that furnishes
water to ten or more residences (G.S. 130-160.1)
Army Corps of Engineers (Department of Defense):
..Permits required under Sections 9 and 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of
1899; permits to construct in navigable waters
..Permits required under Section 103 of the Marine Protection, Research
and Sanctuaries Act of 1972
' ..Permits required under Section 404 of the Federal water Pollution
Control Act of 1972; permits to undertake dredging and/or filling activities
' Coast Guard (Department of Transportation)
..Permits for bridges, causeways, pipelines over navigable waters; required
' under the General Bridge Act of 1946 and the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899
..Deep water port permits
Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management (Department of Interior):
' ..Permits required for off -shore drilling
..Approvals of OCS pipeline corridor rights -of -way
Nuclear Regulatory Committee:
..Licenses for siting, construction and operation of nuclear power plants;
required under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and Title II of the
Energy Reorganization Act of 1974
' Federal Energy Regulatory Commission:
..Permits for construction, operation and maintenance of interstate pipelines
facilities required under the Natural Gas Act of 1938
..Orders of interconnection of electric transmission facilities under
Section 202 (b) of the Federal Power Act
' ..Permission required for abandonment of natural gas pipeline and associated
facilities under Section 7C (b) of the Natural Gas Act of 1936
..Licenses for non-federal hydro -electric projects and associated transmission
lines under Sections 4 and 15 of the Federal Power Act
9

CHAPTER II
ANALYSIS OF CHANGE
INTRODUCTION
One element required in the CAMA planning process is to examine
any changes that have taken place since the 1976 CAMA Plan was prepared
for Perquimans County. As will be seen in this chapter, very little
has changed in either population or employment characteristics of the
County.
A plan such as this is supposed to determine ways a local unit of
government can control future growth and development within its
jurisdiction. Because little growth has occurred in Perquimans County
since the 1976 plan was developed, the County Planning.Board felt
it was necessary to try and determine why the County is not growing
and to see if there are alternative courses of action which might be
taken which would induce at least limited positive growth in the
future.
' It is for this reason the following discussion of the County's
population and economy is in more detail than would normally appear
in a plan update. On the other hand, because very little development
' has occurred within the County since 1976, the discussion of existing
land uses might be considered less than would normally appear in a
plan update.
' POPULATION
The population of Perquimans County has been reduced over the last
30 years by the out -migration of young adults (25-34 years of age)
who were in search of better job opportunities. Table 1 shows the loss
of population between 1950 and 1960 (-4.4%), and between 1960 and 1970
10

Table
1... Population
Trends, 1950-1980
'
YEAR
NUMBER
PERCENT CHANGE
1950
9602
1960
9178
-4.4
1970
8351
-9.0
1980
(est.) 9466
13.4
DENSITY (Pop./Sq. Mi.)
37
35
32
36
Source: 1980 Estimate from N.C. Department of Administration, 1979 '
1950-1970, U.S. Bureau of the Census
It appears that between 1970 and 1980 the out -migration has subsided
resulting in a population increase of 1,009 people (13.4%). This gain
in population was most likely the result of natural increase, more births
than deaths during the decade. The most important thing to note is
that an increase actually did occur. This means that for the first
time in 30 years the County is no longer losing population.
' AGE
The specific reason for the gain in population will become evident
when the results of the 1980 Census are published. However, there are
some trends from previous Censuses which have probably not changed
dramatically in the last decade. For example, the median age of the
' County's population has been increasing since 1950 when it was 22.3
years. In 1960 it had increased to 27.0 years and by 1970 it had
become 31 years of age. The median age represents the exact middle of
' the range of ages. Fifty percent of the County's population is younger
than the median and the other 50 percent are older. Therefore, since
1950 the County's population has experienced increases in its older age
' groups and decreases in its younger age groups, resulting in a higher
median age in each census. This was caused by the out -migration of
people in the younger age groups.
This is a fact of major economic significance to Perquimans County.
The 25-34 years -of -age group represents the "prime" work force in any
community. When these people leave, they reduce the potential for a
' community to attract new industries. This is discussed further under
"Economy".
' Another fact which substantiates the loss of working age population
is that the average age of all the farm operators in the County has
increased. It was 35 40 in previous decades. The average age in 1974
was 49.5. This indicates that Perquimans County like most rural
' counties in the United States, has not been able to make farming an
attractive occupation to younger age groups.
11

DENSITY
As shown on Table 1, the density of the population (population divided
by the land area) decreased from 1950 to 1970, from 37 people per square
mile to 32, respectively. The 13.4% increase in population by 1980
has increased that density to 36 per square mile. Density on a county-
wide basis is not a major concern for a rural county. It is more
important in more urbanized counties such as Pasquotank where population
density reached 126 per square mile in 1980. Population density becomes
important to rural counties when public utility distribution systems
' are being discussed. Fortunately, Perquimans County has a fairly even
population distribution throughout the County. This made the installation
of the County's water system a feasible undertaking.
' This even distribution of population can be seen by comparing town-
ship populations. Hertford Township contains 33.6% of the County's
population in 1980. New Hope and Parkville each contain over 21%.
Belvidere contains 15.2% and Bethel contains only 9.4%. This, of course,
only shows that heavier population concentrations have developed in and
near the towns of Hertford and Winfall.
' SEX -RACE
' It may be of interest to note that 1978 estimates of population
characteristics made by the Employment Security Commission, showed that
52.3% of the County's population were female and 47.7% were male. The
non -white population made up 40.8% of the population and whites made
up the remaining 59.2%.
ECONOMY
' The earlier discussion of the results of the citizens opinion survey
showed that most of the respondents were very concerned about the lack of
' good paying job opportunities within Perquimans County. A closer look
at employment trends and the available labor force in the County may show
why the survey respondents felt the way they did.
LABOR FORCE
The North Carolina Employment Security Commission makes annual
estimates of the labor force available in each county. Its estimates
for 1970, '75 and 178 are shown below on Table 2. The total civilian labor
force in Perquimans County grew from 2,970 in 1970 to 3,430 in 1978. This
' represents an increase of 460 new people entering the labor force in an
8 year period, or an increase of 15.5%.
Labor force, as defined by the Employment Security Commission, includes
all persons living in a county who are either employed, looking for work
or have looked for work for some time, but are unemployable. Each year
the labor force includes high school graduates and those from other
' schools (technical, trade, college, etc.) who begin their search for an
employment opportunity. With this definition in mind, one can see that
the addition of 460 people into the County labor force over an 8-year
period is not a very large number ... until one looks at the number of jobs
available to those people.
12

Table 2... Civilian Labor Force Estimates, 1970-1980
YEAR
1970
1975
1978
June 1980
Employment - Total
2,790
3,060
3,290
2,810
Agricultural
590
540
430
Nonag. Wage & Salary
1,940
2,240
2,560
All Other Nonag.
260
280
300
Unemployment - Total
180
200
140
200
Rate
6.1
6.1
4.1
6.6
TOTAL CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
2,970
3,260
3,430
3,010
Source: 1970-79 estimates, "N.C. Labor Force Estimates", 1979, Bureau of
Employment Security Research, N.C. Employment Security Commission.
1980, Preliminary Estimates for the month of June, 1980.
Note: All estimates are based on Place of Residence.
FMDT.nVMVN7T
Total employment in all sectors of the Perquimans County economy in
I 1970 was 2,790. By 1978 total employment at all occupations had increased
to 3,290; an increase of 500 jobs. But these figures represent employment
of residents of the,County... not of jobs available in the County. It
can be assumed then that those new employment opportunities were available
not only in Perquimans County, but also in surrounding counties.
' An even closer look at Table 2 shows that agricultural employment
(farm -related jobs) decreased steadily between 1970 and 1978, just as it
has since the 1940's. Out of the 590 people working on farms in Perquimans
County in 1970, 160 of them decided to seek employment away from the farm.
These people have joined the nonagricultural force.
Although 160 jobs were lost in agriculture, 540 new ones were secured
by County residents in non-agricultural pursuits. In the 5 years between
1970 and 1975, there was an increase of 300 of these jobs, but between
1975 and 1978, these jobs increased by 320. All other non-agricultural
jobs increased by 20 for both time periods. It must be remembered that
these jobs are those of residents of Perquimans County, who may or may not
work in the County.
' To bring this into sharper focus, Table 3 shows employment by industry
by place of work for the years 1970, 175 and '78. These are jobs in
Perquimans County that may or may not be held by county residents.
' Wholesale -Retail Trades and Government jobs account for 52% of all employ-
ment in 1980, with manufacturing making up 27%. The remaining 21% includes
all other employment, as shown. While there have been some gains and losses
in some of the sectors, no single employment sector has experienced an
exceptional growth rate during the time periods shown on Table 3.
13

Table 3 ... Employment by Industry by Place of Work, 1970-1978
YEAR
% Change
% Change
INDUSTRY
1970
1975
170-175
1978
175-'78
Manufacturing
290
430
48.3
450
4.7
Lumber & Wood
60
70
16.7
60
(14.3)
Other
230
360
56.5
390
8.3
Nonmanufacturing
980
1,010
3.1
1,210
19.8
Construction
30
60
100.0
120
100.0
Transp., Comm., Util.
30
40
33.3
30
(25.0)
Trade
340
340
0
410
20.6
Fin., Ins., Real Estate 20
50
150.0
50
0
Service
140
110
(21.4)
90
(9.1)
Government
420
410
(2.4)
450
9.8
Agri & Other
0
0
0
60
100.0
Source: "N.C. Labor Force Estimates", 1979, N.C. Employment Security
Commission
Jobs in manufacturing industries are usually considered to be the best
paying and therefore the most desired by skilled and semi -skilled workers.
Major manufacturing establishments in Perquimans County consist of one
logging company, a wood products (cabinets, shelving, etc.) company and two
clothing manufacturers. The clothing manufacturers are by far the largest
manufacturing employers in the County, providing production jobs for mostly
females. The other two manufacturers combined provide no more than 15-20
jobs for males. (It is interesting to note that while manufacturing jobs
are usually considered to be the highest paying, Table 4 shows the annual
average insured weekly wages of manufacturing workers was the fifth highest
paying employment sector in 1978).
UNEMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS
Table 2 showed the annual employment averages for each year and also
included the number (200) of unemployed individuals in May of 1980. In
order to identify any potential which may exist in the County's labor
force for future economic growth, it is necessary to briefly examine the
characteristics of the unemployed and of those employed persons who are
seeking other jobs.
The Employment Security Commission has identified these characteristics
for those persons in Perquimans County. In May, 1980, approximately 454
persons applied for jobs through the local Employment Security Commission
office. Fifty-two percent were females and 48% were males. Of these, 67%
were from minority groups (mostly black) and 33% were white. Over 68%
of the total applicants were between the ages of 20-44; 11% were under
20 years of age and 21% were over 44. Over 47% of the applicants had not
completed high school, 38% had high school diplomas and only 15% had more
than a high school education.
14

' There were 75 (17%) of these job applicants who had no work experience
at all. Of the 379 experienced job seekers, 118 had skills which could be
used in manufacturing -type jobs. These included welding and other metal
work, construction skills and processing experience. Over 150 had experience
' in retail trades and service jobs.
INCOME
Table 4 below shows the non-agricultural employment sectors ranked
according to the annual average weekly wages received by workers in
Perquimans County.
Table 4...Annual Average Insured Weekly Wages, 1978
' INDUSTRY No. of Firms Avg. Weekly Wages
1. Transp.,Comm. & Public Util. 7 $206.04
' 2. Government 23 172.92
3. Construction 23 150.50
4. Trade 69 140.12
' S. Manufacturing 16 126.91
6. Finance, Ins.,, Real Estate 6 125.42
7. Services 26 73.96
' Total Non-agricultural Avg. Wage
& Salary 138.99
' Source: N.C. Employment Security Commission "Labor Profile" for
Perquimans County
' The utilities such as VEPCO were apparently the highest paying employers
in 1978, and most likely still are in 1980. Government jobs were second
' highest in wages and services were the lowest.
SUMMARY
' The once dominant force of agriculture on the Perquimans County economy
has subsided over the past three decades as other employment opportunities
became available. Unfortunately, most of those opportunities were located
outside of Perquimans County resulting in population losses , especially
those in the prime working age groups. The trend of fewer farmers farming
more land is continuing. According to the U.S. Census of Agriculture of 1979
' more and more farm operators are seeking employment (full and part-time)
off the farm on a seasonal basis.
Retail -Wholesale trades, government jobs and manufacturing employ
a majority of the County's employees. But those County residents employed
in Transportation, Communication or Public Utilities receive the highest
wages.
Increases in the total population over the last decade show a positive
trend which hopefully will continue into the future. Total employment has
also shown increases especially in the sectors mentioned above. And while
it cannot be said that the economy of Perquimans County is "booming", it
can be stated that the County's economy is at least holding its own and
' 15

' beginning to grow.
The relationship of the population and economy to land use patterns
and future development is discussed further in following chapters.
LAND USE ANALYSIS
The salient land usage patterns in Perquimans County were described
sufficiently in the 1976 CAMA Plan so that repeating much of the same
information here is unnecessary. To serve the greatest value therefore,
this chapter focuses on the changes that have occured since 1976.
Additionally, special attention is given to specific developing areas of
the county and to trends in land usage having long term effects on the local
economy and natural resources.
To aid in this examination, a "windshield survey" was made throughout
much of Perquimans County in early October to observe what, if any,
apparent land use changes are taking place -- and where. Special attention
was given to noting the quality as well as the quantity of development
in order to get a feel for the level of economic well-being in various
sections of the county.
A helpful supplement to this field work was the examination of
preliminary detailed soils information published on 1"-2000' aerial photo-
graphs in November 1979, by the USDA Soil Conservation Service.
Unlike the earlier 1976 Plan where detailed analysis of Hertford's
land use was included in the county plan, the Hertford Town Council decided
to undertake a separate plan updating this information, which will be
completed in August of 1981. Therefore, this chapter only lightly touches
on land use changes internal to Hertford's planning jurisdiction.
FORESTS
The county's woodlands are highly visible, without them the nearly level
landscape would be bleak and characterless. Constituting the largest class
of land use in Perquimans County, forests account for 52 percent of the land
area -- that is 86,672 acres, as reported in 1979 by the North Carolina
Forest Service. This is, however, a significant 9.3% decrease since the
USDA's 1967 Census of Agriculture reported 95,560 acres. This drop in
acreage may simply be the result of differing surveying methods employed
in collecting the data, but is due most probably to clearing of forest areas
for agricultural production. Hopefully, this is the explanation, because
if it is not, the decrease is disturbing because the timber industry is
important as a major resource for future economic stability in view of the
increasing demands for wood products. Additionally, the deforestation of
8,900 acres would mean a significant decrease in woodland wildlife habitat.
By far most of the active timbered lands in the county are under the
management of Weyerhauser Corporation, operating largely in central and
southern sections, and Union Camp with large holdings in the western part
of the county. Both companies are under on -going programs of expanding and
consolidating their holdings under efficient timber management programs. A
third and smaller company operates in the Dismal Swamp and vicinity.
16

Ar.RTCT1T.TURR
Much of Perquimans County is farmed, with ±56,200 acres under cultivation
or in pasture in 1977. This compares with 62,292 acres ten years earlier.
The east central section of the county is where the greatest expanses of
consolidated farm lands are located. Northern and eastern Perquimans
has more forest cover while Harveys Neck and the lower end of Durants
Neck have narrower bands of fields appearing much as ribs off county roads.
In 1977, the county's production of soybeans (as measured in acres
harvested) was 24 percent greater than corn for grain, a reverse of what
occurred in nearby counties. Table 5 presents comparisons of major crop
and livestock productions in 1977, for a number of area counties.
Table 5... Acreage of Major Crops and Inventories of Livestock for North
Carolina and Area Counties, 1977
Acres Harvested in
1977
Inventory
Nos.
'
Corn for
Soybeans
Cattle
Hogs
Grain
for Beans
Peanuts
Tobacco
Cotton
l/l/77
12/1/76
' Perquimans
22,800,
29,850
3,200
-
-
2,000
39,000
Bertie
37,750
17,500
23,400
3,950
270
4,900
31,000
Gates
19,500
11,400
7,400
180
-
3,100
29,500
' Hertford
19,900
9,800
14,650
2,200
540
1,200
10,400
Chowan
13,700
12,900
6,250
360
580
1,700
20,000
I
STATE
TOTALS 1,690,000 1,320,000 166,000 392,600 83,000 1,080,000 1,940,000
' Source: N.C. Department of Agriculture, Crop and Livestock Reporting Service
' Farming employment and the number of farms in Perquimans County have
been declining since the 1940's, much as it has in North Carolina and the
nation for that matter. According to the "North Carolina Labor Force
Estimates", between 1970 and 1978, the county lost 160 jobs on farms --
' a 27 percent reduction. From 1969 to 1974 the number of farms dropped
18 percent from an estimated 490 to 400, while average farm size increased
from 166 acres to 196 acres. These trends were observed in the 1976 CAMA
' Plan and they certainly seem to be continuing into the 198O's. Because
farming is a major influence on the local economy and social life-style,
rapid changes such as the above do indicate that the family farm is
' disappearing; and even though agriculture will remain important to the
county, land use associated with it will change too (i.e., larger hog parlors
and cattle feed lots, farm houses and scattered farm buildings).
' DEVELOPED LANDS
RECREATION ORIENTED COMMUNITIES
' Many sections of North Carolina are blessed with abundant open space,
natural beauty, scenic areas, and excellent water orientation, and a health-
ful year-round climate. Perquimans County has many of these assets with
increasing demand being placed on these natural resources for recreation.
17

MAJOR LAND USES
FORESTS
FARMLAND
GENERALIZED
EXISTING LAND USE
CLUSTERED DEV:S
MAJOR
MINOR _
EXHIBIT 3
.DIRECTIONS OF
GROWTH
MAJOR
7o MINOR
CAMA LAND DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Perquimans County, N.C.
1980

L
' The county is located within the strong second home and seasonal recreation
market associated with the Norfolk -Suffolk SMSA. U.S. Highway 17 and
N.C. 37 provide excellent transportation linkages with this market to the
' north and opens accessibility to seasonal tourist traffic from the west.
It must be assumed, however, that with the somewhat limited development
along these two transportation routes, there is very little local effort
made to "capture" pass -through or overnight tourists and thereby increase
' tourist trade as part of the local economy.
Presently there are two major water recreation oriented communities
' located in the county. Holiday Island is located between the mouths of
Yeopim Creek and the Perquimans River. The "island" is created by a
series of canals and occupies roughly one square mile of former woodland.
' Water access for recreation is the principal focus of this mixed housing,
camping, and seasonal home community that is served by a private sewer
system. Snug Harbor is an older companion community similarly developed
1 but with fewer canals and no sewer system. Located on the peninsula
formed by the Yeopim River and Yeopim Creek,Snug Harbor covers
approximately 400 acres of former woodland. Both recreation communities
have increasing numbers of permanent residents, but most interior platted
' lots are vacant.
Other forms of recreation oriented development primarily consists of
' boat launch and wildlife access points and small cluster subdivisions of
several to a dozen lots scattered along wooded shorelines in the county.
DEVELOPED LANDS
Altogether, developed lands amounted to approximately 3,300 acres in
1977, or 2 percent of the county's total land area. This does not include
' another 2,000 acres taken up in the county's road system.
RESIDENTIAL
' Residential buildings are located individually or in small clusters
along every rural road in the county. Although a large number of
' "subdivisions" are on record in the county register of deeds office, by
far most are small -- containing several to perhaps a dozen homes.
Most of the county's developed lands occur in the towns of Hertford
' and Winfall and the two largest recreation oriented communities of Snug
Harbor and Holiday Island.
' Housing unit formations have surpassed projections made five years ago.
Between 1970 and 1980 the County gained 1257 housing units, a 43.4 percent
increase. How much land will be needed to accomodate continued growth
' at this rate? Based on an average lot size of 15,000 square feet for the
entire county, roughly 17 acres per year would be needed. This can be
converted to 173 acres in ten years. (See Table 6 in Chapter IV).
' COMMERCIAL/MANUFACTURING
There have not been significant changes in commercial land use since
' the 1976 CAMA Plan. Most commercial development has been in the form of
convenience -type stores located in Hertford's planning area.
19

s,r
1.1 PRE ►ARA110M OF IRIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN PART :.ROUGH A PLANNING GRANT
)FOM A.L COASTAL IL AINS Rr G1^rIAL COMYISSION.AOMINISIEREDeY THENORTH CAROLINA
t ►ARTMENT Of NATURAL AND ECONOMIC RESOURCES.
Y SCIIOOL
T E(TY
C y4 T A YEP
\\, • ,T i •' • T
• ,• Y fl
�F� It
1
•L•!j•• •.••• Cf /•
• Y ' • Ii-Q � ••r!� /• T
�t � • • �-� T
�R • f•,•. • V ••
COMMUNITY T TAT •
BUILDING
A
•
•
C•ri••fif Limits •
• - + • •
•
J •
7, Y
c,
rro
+ ewLDI
J
i 11 •,
AN/
TT
T • ••
/ff �
( i / • MM14•b
•
i
• Cap � rI
f •
a
• Y
• UTILITY
R.E A.
it T
• fC
EXHIBIT 4
-
�NC.STATE
I
104rquimans River
' '•
Re
CarpnU lllnit•
y.
0
I
r
1
LEGEND
SINGLF FAMILY
T MJGILE IIJuI
1 �{/ I N FA L L i CH LH
V VACANT
V�v/
n f ` r R FIT TAIL
� r�` r i�, n `.,' y
R",:,G�,..-•-•tHLL lINE
o SCALE INFtFT

O
cc
C)
cl
LIB
W
H
a
U

There have been no new manufacturing enterprises added to the county
in the past five years.
SUMMARY
Significant changes in Perquimans County's land use patterns have
not occurred since the 1976 CAMA Plan was prepared. The rural character
remains, with farms and forest dominating the landscape. Conversion
of farms, forests, and open space into development has been steadily
increasing, however, but it is limited largely to towns and existing
communities especially along the southern shores.
What does seem significant is that there is a gradual shift in the
reasons people are locating in rural Perquimans County that is reflected
in the increasing numbers of recreational second home and permanent home
developments. Also, the rural non -farm population that is moving from
the cities to small subdivisions in the country are increasing too.
One of the strongest forces that will enable growth in the county to
continue in a dispersed pattern is the county -wide water system. Although
the main purpose for developing the county -wide water system was to solve
a growing problem of inadequate potable water from individual shallow
well sites in rural areas dependent on septic tanks. The added side effect
or benefit is to allow increased density of housing at many places through-
out the county. The following chapters examine some of the anticipated
effects of this development pattern.
SIGNIFICANT LAND USE COMPATIBILITY PROBLEMS
A statement was made in the 1976 LAMA Plan that at that time there
were ..."no significant land use compatibility problems in the County but
such problems are beginning to appear in the southern portion along the
rivers and sound". Further discussion revealed that even though over
4,000 lots were platted in the County, a small percentage were built on
and that it was unlikely a significant number of those remaining would be
developed by 1985. From examination of recent economic,population, and
land use trends it is apparent that little has happened to require modifying
the earlier conclusions. However, it seems important to go one step further
and briefly examine several areas of land use compatibility that do present
possible concerns out of which policies to address them may be needed at
some point in time.
Land use compatibility problems in the county may be grouped into three
basic types, namely:
.Ground water and surface water contamination from septic tank effluent
.Artificial drainage of woodlands and farms reduces some wildlife
habitat and adds to surface water contamination
.Strip development along U.S. Highway 17 and its interference with
through traffic, especially during the peak tourist season.
.Dredging and filling of wetlands
22

1 CHAPTER III
1
CONST INT TO
DEVEL PME T
1
1 INTRODUCTION
There are natural and man-made areas which may present some type of
1 constraint on various types of development. The natural areas which present
constraints include soils with severe limitations for one reason or another
on development. Flood prone areas can also be called a natural constraint.
' Man-made areas might include airport areas, where potential crashes of
aircraft might exist, and fuel storage areas. Other constraints include
the inability of public facilities and services to accomodate new growth
and development. This chapter discussed these various constraints as they
relate to development in,Perquimans County.
NATURAL CONSTRAINTS
' Exhibit 6 is a generalized map showing areas which have severe to
slight soils limitations for developments. The dotted.pattern indicates
' areas which have slight to moderate soils limitations for 1) septic tank
systems, 2) building foundations and 3) have good to moderate drainage.
The non -patterned areas are'those which have severe limitations for one or
1 more of these categories. The striped areas represent land area which is
considered by the U.S. Corps of Engineers and the Federal Flood Insurance
Program to be in flood hazard (or flood prone) areas. (Although the county
does not actively participate in this program). The large slashed lines
1 along various shorelines of the County represent those shorelines which
have exhibited moderate to severe erosion over a period of years.
' It would appear at first glance at Exhibit 6 that only the three small
areas of Perquimans County would be suitable for development and that the
more desirable shorelines are unsuitable. In a sense that is true. But
' in a more realistic sense it must be pointed out that even in the areas
shown as having severe limitations for development, or in flood hazard
areas, there are islands of land within these areas which may contain few
development limitations.
Because of its small scale, Exhibit 6 cannot show these "islands".
However, a detailed soils analysis is presently being completed for
' Perquimans County by the Soil Conservation Service. When that document
is completed, developers should consult it to determine what limitations,
if any, exist on property they intend to develop. The Planning Board should
encourage developers to use this analysis prior to submitting preliminary
plats.
1 23

Gou�itY
Gate%
EXHIBIT 6
A BL ENABLE SOUND
DEVELOPMENT LIMITATIONS
:.��
................ Slight to Moderate Soils Limits
--------------------------,
Severe Soils Limits
-77
' Flood Hazard Areas
_. Mod.- High Shoreline Erosion
CAMA LAND DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Perquimans County, N.C.
1980

' More detailed data on natural hazard areas are presented in the 1976
CAMA Plan. For this reason it was not considered necessary to "re -discuss"
them here, except in a general way.
' While soils present some limitations for development there are no land
areas with slopes exceeding 12%. The entire county is basically level with
slightly higher elevations in the northern part of the county.
' MAN-MADE HAZARD AREAS
There are five bulk storage plants located in Perquimans County. All
are situated along U.S. 17 except one; which is located in Hertford. The
obvious hazard associated for any types of development near such an area
' is the potential for fire and/or explosion. Airports are generally
considered hazard areas, but airports in Perquimans County are used almost
exclusively by "crop dusters" on a seasonal basis. Even at that, they are
' all located in rural areas, generally away from high to medium density
developments.
FRAGILE AREAS
In this category there is also a distinction between natural and man-
made areas. Natural areas include freshwater wetlands (swamps & pocosins)
' and "complex"natural areas, such as the wooded swamps along the Perquimans,
Little and Yeopim Rivers and many of their tributaries. Most of these
fragile natural areas are included in the flood hazard areas shown on
' Exhibit 6. These areas are generally unsuitable for development anyway.
The estuarine and public waters of the Little & Pasquotank Rivers and Yeopim
Creek and their shorelines (75' from high water mark) are protected by the
N.C. Coastal Area Management Act of 1974 and other various state and federal
' statutes and regulations. (See "Current Plans & Policies" in Chapter I.)
These areas are identified as Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs).
Development in these waters and within 75 feet of an estuarine shoreline
' requires either minor or major CAMA permits, depending on the extensiveness
of the proposed development.
Fragile man-made areas include historic sites and buildings which, for
one reason or another, have local, regional, state or national significance.
Buildings with architectural significance or uniqueness are also considered
fragile in the sense that such a structure cannot be replaced, if lost.
A detailed list of historic sites and buildings located within Perquimans
County and their significance can be found in the "Perquimans County Housing/
Land Use Update (Addendum)" published in 1978.
' PUBLIC FACILITIES
' The county -wide water system is the largest and most significant
facility in Perquimans County. Its significance is derived by the influence
its existence has on existing and future development throughout the County.
This is discussed in some detail in the last chapter and will be discussed
further in Chapter V, "Development Issues and Policies".
The existing water system serving Perquimans County is quite extensive.
' (See Exhibit 7). It consists of 6", 4" and 2"' lines which run throughout
the County. The predominant line size is 6", which runs along almost every
paved road. The 4" and 2" lines are used mainly to serve County residents
25

EXHIBIT 7
_'b%I
WATER SYSTEM MAP
8" Lines O Elevated Storage
6" Lines Tanks
2 &4" Lines wtp Water Treatment Plant
CAMA LAND DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Perquimans County, N.C.
1980

' who live off the main roads. An 8" line runs in a.loop from the water
treatment plant at Bethel to each of the three elevated storage tanks.
The elevated storage tanks each have a capacity of 250,000 gallons
' which gives a system -wide storage capacity of 750,000 gallons. The existing
water treatment plant has a capacity of 400 gallons per minute. Raw water
is drawn from deep wells.
Citizens of Perquimans County not presently served by the county -wide
water system obtain drinking water from individual wells. However, there
is intrusion of iron and saltwater into underground acquifers making the
drinking water distasteful and corrosive to plumbing.
At present there is a system -wide problem of maintaining adequate
pressure to meet peak demand. The county's engineering consultants, Rivers
and Associates, state that the planned Phase II system developments which
include construction of another water treatment plant in the White Out
area, should alleviate this problem.
Because of the problem of inadequate pressure in the system it is not
insurance -rated for fire protection. Although fire hydrants exist on 6"
and 8" lines, they cannot be hooked onto fire equipment for fire -fighting.
However, they can be used for free -flow hook-ups to fire -tankers which can
in turn be hooked onto pumpers for fighting fires. The only other use of
fire hydrants throughout the system is to flush water lines periodically.
SEWER
The only sewer system in Perquimans County is located in the Town
of Hertford. A discussion of this system will be made in the Town's
own CAMA Plan Update, to be published in 1981.
Hertford's existing sewer system cannot accept any new large industrial
developments or new industries, especially ones which would require large
quantities of water for processing. However, upon completion of Phase II of
Hertford's sewer system, non -water -intensive industries could utilize the
sewer system and medium -size residential developments could be accommodated.
gnT.Tn WASTF.
' Solid waste collection in Perquimans County consists of a series of
dumpsters located strategically throughout the County. The County picks up
wastes at individual dumpsters every two weeks and takes it to a landfill
' which is shared by Chowan County and the Town of Edenton. This landfill is
expected to be in service at least three more years. With the projected
growth expected during the planning period and normal use of the landfill,
it will be necessary to seek a new landfill site and have it operational
' by the fourth year of the planning period. All units of government involved
are well aware of this and will begin their site selection well in advance
of the completion of the present landfill.
' ROADS
' The North Carolina Department of Transportation reports that there are
23.6 miles of rural roads and 8 miles of municipal primary roads in
Perquimans County (1977 data). There are 255.4 miles of rural and 4 miles of
1 27

municipal secondary roads, for a total of 209.3 miles of paved roads and
' 81.7 miles of unpaved roads in the County. N.C.D.O.T.'s 1979 count of
"average daily trips" on roads throughout Perquimans County, shows that no
roads outside of the Town of Hertford is now at or near its design capacity.
' U.S. 17 Bypass and Business, being the major through highways in the
County, had the largest number of "average daily trips".
SCHOOLS
The Perquimans County school system consists of three elementary schools
and one high school. As discussed in the 1976 CAMA Plan, the high school
was in serious need of repair. Since that time it has undergone major
renovation, including the construction of a new addition. Enrollment in
this school system has declined steadily over the past several years.
The 1979-80 school year showed an enrollment of 1,751 students, a decrease
of 110 students from the 1978-79 school year. The State Department of Public
Instruction projects a continued decline in school enrollments through the
1983-84 school year. Therefore, none of the schools will reach or come near
to their design capacities during the planning period.
28

CHAPTER IV
mo TtMAT E D GROWTH
INTRODUCTION
DEMAND
' An analysis of existing conditions and changes in those conditions which
have taken place since the 1976 Plan was prepared have been the subjects
of discussion so far in this report. The capacities of local public facilities
' and of the land itself to accomodate new growth have also been discussed. It
is in this chapter -that an analysis of potential future growth over the
next ten years will be made.
ESTIMATES OF POPULATION GROWTH
The State of North Carolina Department of Administration makes periodic
estimates of population growth for every county in the State. These
estimates are derived from mathematical models which include many variables,
such as location within the State, past population trends, new industrial
locations, etc. The most recent estimate of future growth made by the
State indicate Perquimans County should have a total 1990 population of
9,800 people. Recalling that the 1980 Preliminary Census count showed a
1980 population of 9,466, the County should experience a population increase
of 4.7%. This is based on the State's estimates which were made prior to
the publication of the 1980 Preliminary Census counts. When one considers
that Perquimans County had a population increase of 13.4% between 1970
and 1980, it appears that at least a similar increase should be expected
in the next ten years. If this can be assumed then, the County could
expect an increase of 1,270 people, or a 1990 total population of 10,740.
This appears to be a more reasonable estimate than the State's and it will
therefore be used here.
Based on the population changes which took place between 1970 and 1980,
it is also reasonable to assume that the townships which exhibited the greatest
growth during that period will continue to exhibit growth during the next
ten years. This means that the Bethel, New Hope and Parkville Townships
should receive a majority of the County's growth by 1990. Between '70
and '80 these three townships absorbed almost all of the County's growth,
with Belvidere showing an increase of only 21 people. Hertford Township lost
175 people.
As discussed in earlier sections, most new growth in the County (especially
in these three townships) can be expected to take two forms. One will be
strip residential development. The rest should take the form of river and
sound -front small subdivisions, made up of both permanent and vacation/second
29

home type developments.
The County's water system should be able to accomodate this growth as
soon as the new treatment plant is in operation. (Refer to "Constraints
to Development").
rofTUIaro /ul�urIMOUh
Based on pasttrends, shown in Chapter II, Perquimans Countians should
continue to find more employment opportunities in the future, both in
Perquimans County and in neighboring counties. Employment opportunities
should also grow within the County, but, again based on past trends, these
opportunities should be slow in coming. Without a detailed economic base
study it is impossible to forecast the number of jobs which may exist
in Perquimans County ten years from now. However, with a consistent
effort by the towns and the County, Perquimans County should be able to
attract one or more small industries which would be compatible with the
County's labor and its public facilities.
CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE LAND
The predominant form of land use expected to develop in Perquimans County
over the next ten years will be residential development. Table 6 below
shows projected housing units by township through the year 1990.
Table 6... Projection of Residential Land Needs, 1990, by Township
Housing
Units
Additional
Res. Acres
Annual
Township
1970*
1980*
1990
1990 HU's
Needed, 1990
Acres
Belvidere
422
507
568
61
21
2.1
Bethel
345
972
1090
118
41
4.1
Hertford
1029
1112
1247
135
46
4.6
New Hope
540
834
935
101
35
3.5
Parkville
558
726
814
88
30
3.0
TOTALS
2894
4151
4653
502
173
17.3
*Census data, 1970 & 1980
NOTE: 1990 Housing Units projected by assuming 1980 percentage of county
population for each township would at least remain the same by 1990.
Resulting township populations were then divided by 1980 household size of
2.28 to get number of 1990 housing units. Additional units projected were
then multiplied by an average lot size of 15,000 square feet, then divided
by 43,560 square feet (1 acre) to determine acreage needs for projected
housing units.
As can be seen, the total number of new acres of subdivision development over
the next ten years would be 173, or 17.3 acres annually county -wide.
Considering the amount of vacant lots available in existing platted
subdivisions, it is doubtful that the 173 new acres of residential land will
actually be developed. Even if it were, there appears to be sufficient vacant,
developable land available for this type of development in each township which
is not classified as "prime agricultural land".
30

' All of the residential development projected here should be single-
family homes. Multi -family development is expected to take place within
the planning jurisdiction of the Town of Hertford.
' Along with the residential development, there should be a demand for
small commercial developments near areas where residential growth is taking
place, specifically along the shorelines of the Perquimans River, Yeopim
Creek and the Albemarle Sound. However, commercial development should occur
on relatively small pieces of land (a single grocery store, rather than large
shopping centers).
' Any industrial development which may occur should be contained within
the planning jurisdiction of the Town of Hertford.
Summary
Population growth can be expected to occur in Perquimans County at least
as much as was experienced over the last decade. The County also has the
potential to attract small to medium sized industries which could provide
needed jobs to County residents. Upon completion of Phase II of the County's
water system it should be able to accomodate this anticipated growth.
31

CHAPTER V
DEVELOPMENT ISSUES
INTRODUCTION
The questions raised in the last chapter, and preceding chapters, are
those that most of the coastal area counties and towns are asking. Because
of this the Coastal Area Management Act of 1974 (and amendments thereto)
required each locality preparing such a plan as this to discuss these
various development issues and make decisions as to what direction that
locality will take in response to those issues. It is the purpose of this
chapter to discuss those issues and to examine the alternative approaches
that Perquimans County might take to either resolve existing problems,
"head off" potential new problems or to maintain the "status quo".
The following, then, represents the consideration of those issues required
in the CAMA Act by Perquimans County. It also presents the County's choice
of approaches to each .problem and the policies it has adopted relative to
each issue.
SPECIAL ISSUES
POLLUTION OF THE PERQUIMANS/ALBEMARLE SYSTEM
Water quality of the Perquimans River and the Albemarle Sound has been
discussed in various technical documents as well as in the 1976 CAMA Plan
for Perquimans County. Pollution of these two bodies of water has reduced
their potential for recreational and commercial fishing over the past
several years. The question for Perquimans County is what steps can or
should the County take to help clean up the waters in the Perquimans River
and Albemarle Sound? Below are listed alternative courses of action toward
this problem.
Alternative 1: The County may choose to do nothing toward solving this
problem. By so doing it relinquishes its responsibility to state and federal
agencies who have the technical and financial means to solve the problem.
Alternative 2: The County may choose to try to solve this problem alone, by
identifying pollution sources and enacting local laws to prevent them from
reoccurring.
Alternative 3: The County may choose to cooperate with state and federal
agencies, as well as with other units of local government, in trying to
identify and solve this problem.
32

Selected Alternative: The County selects Alternative 3.
' POLICY STATEMENT: Perquimans County realizes the potential resource value
of the Perquimans River and Albemarle Sound. It shall be the policy of
' Perquimans County to cooperate, as it has done in the past, with state and
federal agencies and with other units of local government in trying to identify
and solve the pollution of this valuable water system.
' Implementation: The County has requested funds from the Coastal Resources
Commission to study the water quality of the Perquimans River. Beyond that,
the Chairman of the County Board of Commissioners will appoint a representative
' to coordinate with other government and agencies. This person will attend
meetings and otherwise report to the Planning Board and Board of Commissioners
on progress being made.
' FOUR-LANING OF U.S. 17
' There is a possibility and probability that the North Carolina Department
of Transportation will one day widen U.S. 17 through Perquimans County to a
four -lane facility. The widening of this highway from the Virginia state
' line to the South Carolina state line will most certainly stimulate tourist
travel along its route. What, if any, steps will Perquimans County want to
take to ensure that any developments which may occur from this project will
be ones desired by county residents, and that these potential developments
' take place in an orderly and controlled fashion.
Alternative 1: The County could choose to let the towns of Hertford and
' Winfall guide developments at intersections with a widened U.S. 17, because
most probably these intersections will be located within their corporate limits.
Alternative 2: The County could choose to enact a county -wide zoning ordinance
twhich would control and guide future developments throughout the County,
including any possible intersections with a widened U.S. 17.
Alternative 3: The County could choose to encourage the N.C.D.O.T. to actually
four -lane U.S. 17, so that Perquimans County could expand its local economy
by providing appropriate facilities and services to the tourists who would
' utilize the improved highway. Part of this encouragement would include
cooperation with the Town of Hertford and Winfall in preparing plans for
development at the future interchanges as they become known to the N.C.D.O.T.
' Selected Alternative: The County selects Alternative 3.
POLICY STATEMENT: Perquimans County encourages the State to consider four-
' laning of U.S. 17 through Perquimans County. The County will cooperate with
all units of government in the County in developing plans for future
developments which will take place at interchanges when the locations of these
' interchanges are determined by the State.
Implementation: Board of Commissioners will inform the N.C.D.O.T. of its
policy on this matter and will ask that they be kept informed of any planning
or programming related to this project, so that the County may make any
input prior to construction.
1
33

SECOND HOME DEVELOPMENT
There are two major second home developments which have located in
' Perquimans County in the past several years. In response to problems which
have arisen as a result of these developments, the County has adopted
subdivision regulations which require certain standards of development. The
County has therefore already established a policy of requiring new develop-
ments to conform with its adopted subdivision regulations. Therefore, no
alternatives are necessary.
' POLICY STATEMENT: Perquimans County encourages all types of new development
within the County, as long as they meet all the criteria set forth in the
official subdivision regulations. However, the County does encourage cluster
development of second home and other residential development in areas
determined by the County Health Department and the local Soil Conservation
Service to be suitable for such developments. Local developers are encouraged
' to consult these two local agencies prior to submitting subdivision plats to
the Planning Board.
Implementation: The Planning Board will continue to enforce the existing
' subdivision regulations and seek coordination and advice from the County
Health Department and Soil Conservation Service in reviewing individual plats.
The Planning Board will, periodically, have a professional planner review
' the subdivision regulations and recommend amendments which will improve their
efficiency and fairness to all concerned.
RESOURCE PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT
Loss of Productive Agricultural Lands to Urbanization
A detailed soils study is presently being concluded for Perquimans
County by the Soil Conservation Service. While local officials and residents
can generally locate land which they feel is most productive, the results
of this study will include identification of those lands within Perquimans
County which are the most productive agricultural lands. Beyond that, however,
it is important to note that urbanization is not taking place at a rapid
rate in Perquimans County. Therefore, very little agricultural land is being
"lost" ... productive or not. In fact, more and more small farmers in the
County are placing several acres of agricultural land into forest production
each year, rather than farm that land. Because of these facts, the County
does not consider it necessary to adopt a policy on this issue.
Commercial Forest Lands
The North Carolina Forest Service reports that large commercial forest
companies hold large tracts of timberland in Perquimans County, especially
' in the Bear Swamp area. It also notes that there are many acres of forest
lands held by private land owners, who either harvest the timber themselves
or contract with timber companies who provide such services. Local officials
have expressed their understanding of the value of timber production to the
local economy, but they are concerned that after timber is harvested that
there are few industries within the County who utilize this valuable natural
resource. What steps can Perquimans County take to ensure maximum
' utilization of its forests to the best benefit of the County.
' 34

Alternative 1: The County may choose to "do nothing" and let the commercial
forest companies handle timber production as they see fit.
Alternative 2: The County may choose to encourage small land owners who
maintain tracts of forest land to use up-to-date practices so that the County's
forest lands will continue to be of value in the future.
Alternative 3: The County may choose to encourage the development of local
industries which would utilize the County's timber resources and thus increase
the economic worth of these resources to the County.
Selected Alternative: The County selects Alternatives 2 & 3.
POLICY STATEMENT: Perquimans County encourages commercial forest companies
and private forestland owners to use the most modern timber management practices.
It also encourages the development of new industries within Perquimans County
which can utilize the local timber harvested in the production of salable
goods.
Implementation: The County Board of Commissioners will ask the N.C. Forest
Service to note this policy and request that they provide technical
assistance -to private and corporate owners of forest lands in up-to-date
practices of good forest management. Also, the County Board of Commissioners
will ask the local Chamber of Commerce to consider this policy in its efforts
to attract new industry into the County.
Existing and Potential Mineral Production
This is an issue which is required by the CAMA land use planning guide-
lines but which does not apply to Perquimans County. Several years ago
investigations were made of titanium deposits in the County. Land could
not be acquired in sufficient quantity to mine this resource. Since that
time no other mining companies have expressed interest in developing this
resource. If, in the future, lands can be acquired and mining becomes a
reality, the county will develop a policy at that time.
Commercial and Recreational Fishing
There are 15 full time and 55 part time commercially licensed fishermen
who operate out of Perquimans County. The N.C. Division of Marine Fisheries
reports that in 1979 a total of 86,100 pounds of various fish were sold
from commercial fishing vessels to processors. These sales amounted to only
$6,550. However, this represents sales in Perquimans County. Most
commercial fishermen go to Elizabeth City to sell their catches. The fact
that 70 people in the County are deriving either all or part of their incomes
from commercial fishing poses the question for Perquimans County, "what steps
can the County take.to ensure that this commercial activity (although a small
part of the County's total economy) remains viable?"
Alternative 1: The County can, through its policy on improving the water
quality of the Perquimans River and Albemarle Sound, encourage returning
these waters to such condition that all indigenous fish species will be able
to spawn and multiply, thus improving the conditions needed for successful
commercial and recreational fishing.
35

Alternative 2: The County could elect to "do nothing" to help improve
commercial and recreational fishing.
' Alternative 3: The County could encourage the location of a commercial
fishery or processing plant which could process fish caught by local
commercial fishermen, thereby increasing the dollar value of fish to the
County by providing jobs for local county residents.
' Selected Alternative: The County selects a combination of Alternatives 1 & 3.
' POLICY STATEMENT: Because of the natural resources (fish) located in the
rivers, streams and sound near Perquimans County, the County encourages
commercial and recreational fishing in these waters and will cooperate with
other local governments, state and federal agencies to control pollution
of these waters to a condition that commercial and recreational fishing
will increase. The County also encourages the location of a commercial
fish operation within the County in order to derive more value from
' fishing activities than it has in the past.
Implementation: The County Board of Commissioners has requested funds from
the N.C. Office of Coastal Management for the preparation of a study of the
water quality of Perquimans River aimed at increasing fish life within that
river in order to increase commercial and private fishing activities.
Through the local Chamber of Commerce, new industries will be informed of
the potential for a commercial fish operation should fishing increase as
a result of eventual mitigating measures to clean up the rivers in the
area and the Albemarle Sound.
OFF -ROAD VEHICLES
' This issue has been required because of off -road vehicles damaging
ocean sand dunes in the past. There are no sand dunes on the coast of
Perquimans County, therefore, this issue is not applicable to this County.
' ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Types of development to be encouraged and capacity of the county -wide water_
system to service new development
The results of the citizens' opinion survey showed that the residents
' of Perquimans County enjoy the rural character of the County and they want
to maintain it. The rates of development which have occurred in the past
indicate that no major development has taken place which would destroy the
' rural character of the County, although several minor subdivisions have
developed along the shorelines of the County. The county -wide water system
has the impact, in effect, of encouraging scattered residential development,
because of the availability of water in areas which were once considered
' as potential problem areas due to the possibility of septic tank infiltration
into shallow wells used for domestic purposes.
' Alternative 1: The County could choose to allow scattered residential
development anywhere in the County where existing and/or proposed water lines
were available.
' Alternative 2: The County could choose to encourage only clustered
residential development on land considered suitable by the County Health
36

Department, the Soil Conservation Service, and on land where existing
' water lines are available. Such development would have to be at a density
which could be served by the water system.
' Alternative 3: The County could choose to discourage any types of new
development -in order to preserve the rural character of the county in its
present state.
Selected Alternative: The County selects a combination of Alternatives 1 & 2.
POLICY STATEMENT: It shall be the policy of Perquimans County to encourage
' clustered residential development on lands considered suitable for such
developments by the local Health Department and the Soil Conservation Service.
All future developments will conform to the county's subdivision regulations
and any other land use regulations in force at that time. Scattered -site,
second home developments will be permitted except on lands which have severe
limitations for septic tank operations or in areas designated as "fragile"
or "conservation" on the land classification map.
Implementation: The Planning Board will make this policy known to all
' developers submitting subdivision plats andwill encourage them to develop
cluster subdivisions where practical.
Types and locations of industries desired
' Perquimans County and the Town of Hertford.have encouraged the location of
new industries into the County over the past several years. While most studies
' prepared for the County in the past have recommended that any industrial
location take place in the industrial area of the Town of Hertford, the
existence of the county water system makes it possible for certain types of
industries to locate elsewhere in the County.
Alternative 1: The County could encourage.industrial development anywhere in
the County where adequate water system service could be provided. The types
' of industries would not be limited.
Alternative 2: The County could encourage the location of any type of
' industry in or near the Town of Hertford'.
Alternative 3: The County could encourage the location of small, "dry"
(non -water -intensive) industries near existing population concentrations,
or along major traffic routes (i.e. U.S. 17).
Selected Alternative: The County selects Alternative 3.
POLICY. STATEMENT: It shall be the policy of Perquimans County to actively
solicit the location of small, "dry" industries into Perquimans County.
' These industries will be encouraged to locate near existing population
concentrations or along major transportation routes. New industries
should provide employment which matches the skill levels and employment
' needs of the residents of Perquimans County.
Implementation: The County Board of Commissioners will inform the local
Chamber of Commerce and any other existing or future organizations seeking
to encourage industry development of this policy and ask that they
consider it in its search for new industry for Perquimans County.
37

Local commitment to provide services to development
The County water system has a set of "rules and regulations" which
specify how and when water service will be provided to new developments.
These rules constitute the policy for this issue. Beyond that, the existing
subdivision regulations provide that developers shall construct water
lines in each development and dedicate those lines to the county system
as determined necessary by a member of the Perquimans County Board of
Commissioners. No other policy for this issue is considered necessary.
Redevelopment of developed areas
A housing study, prepared in 1973, showed that 916 housing units (32.5%)
of all housing units in Perquimans County were considered to be in substandard
condition. Most of these were so designated because they lacked adequate
indoor plumbing facilities, and most of these units were located in either
Hertford or Winfall. The results of the 1980 Census will indicate whether
or not that situation has changed. It must be presumed, however, that
the provision of water service.via the county water system to most of
the county's residents will have changed these figures significantly.
However, except for the two towns there are no significant pockets or
concentrations of poor housing conditions in the County. Therefore, in the
past the County has not participated in redeveloping already developed areas.
Alternative 1: The County could choose to "do nothing" to identify areas
which might require redevelopment.
' Alternative 2: The County could choose to have a housing study prepared as
soon as the results of the 1980 Census are published in order to identify
pockets of poor housing which would require redevelopment. Based on the
results of this study, the County would seek the assistance of state and
federal agencies to determine the best approach to upgrading any areas
so identified.
' Alternative 3: The County could encourage the Towns of Hertford and Winfall
to study their own redevelopment needs and take remedial action to improve
them. The County could provide technical assistance through its planning
board.
Selected Alternative: The County selects a combination of Alternatives 2 & 3.
' POLICY STATEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION: The County shall, upon publication of
the results -of -the 1980 Census of Housing, have a county -wide housing
study prepared. Based on the results of that study, the County will seek
assistance of state and federal agencies to best determine the course of
action most appropriate to mitigate concentrations of poor housing
conditions in the County. The County shall also encourage the Towns of
Hertford and Winfall to identify such areas within their jurisdiction and
seek similar counsel from state and federal agencies to determine appropriate
actions to correct those conditions.
' Commitment of Perquimans County government to state and'federal programs in
the area
' It has been the policy of.Perquimans County.to cooperate with state
and federal agencies in the development of improvements within Perquimans
County. The development of the county's water system is the most recent
38

example.
' Alternative 1: The County could choose to continue its cooperation on
all state and federal actions which would benefit the residents of
' Perquimans County.
Alternative 2: The County could choose to let state and federal agencies
take any actions they deem necessary in the County, because they generally
' do whatever they want to anyway.
Alternative 3: The County could choose to review any proposed project
' sponsored by a state or federal agency which would impact on Perquimans
County and make an appropriate response to such projects, expressing the
County's policy or policies toward such projects and its adopted plans for
' such projects.
Selected Alternative: The County selects a combination of Alternatives 1 & 3.
' POLICY STATEMENT & IMPLEMENTATION: It shall be the policy of Perquimans
County to cooperate with state and federal agencies in the assessment of
proposed projects sponsored by such agencies which will impact directly or
' indirectly on the residents of Perquimans County. Through the A-95 review
process the County will prepare appropriate comments about any proposed
projects, stating their consistency with locally adopted policies or plans.
' Continued Public Participation in the Planning Process
' During the preparation of this plan update, the participation of the
general public was solicited, first through the distribution of a general
questionnaire, and secondly, through the invitation of public input at
a Public Information Meeting, held on January 19, 1981.
Alternative 1: Perquimans County could choose not to encourage continued
public participation in the planning process. The implication this
alternative would present is public unawareness of plans and policies being
adopted for the citizens of Perquimans County.
Alternative 2: Perquimans County could choose to prepare annual
questionnaire -type surveys, soliciting citizen response on various issues
under consideration at that time.. This alternative would require a great
deal of local expertise in both the development and distribution of survey
' forms to ensure statistical validity of the results.
Alternative 3: Perquimans County could choose to invite the public to
attend all meetings of the County Planning Board by placing a notice of
each meeting time, place and subjects to be discussed in the newspaper.
This alternative would provide an on -going, regular method of soliciting
' citizen involvement in the planning process.
Alternative Selection: The County selects Alternative 3.
' POLICY STATEMENT: It shall be
solicit input from the citizens
process on a regular basis.
the policy of Perquimans County to actively
of Perquimans County into the planning
39

Implementation: The County will place a notice in a newspaper with local
distribution stating the time, place and subjects to be discussed of
each County Planning Board meeting. Such notice shall be made one week
prior to each Planning Board meeting date.
' DISASTER EVACUATION PLAN
' Perquimans County adopted a Hurricane and Flood Evacuation Plan in
1976. This plan has been updated periodically since then to reflect
the needs of the County. Because this plan represents the County's
policies related to disaster evacuation needs, no other policy was considered
' necessary.
FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM
Perquimans County recognizes that certain areas of the County are
subject to periodic flooding. Upon application to the Flood Insurance
Administration flood insurance program, the County received flood maps
showing a 100-year flood coverage area which affected almost all of the
southern half of the County. The County felt then,and still feels, that
the areas shown within the 100-year flood is unrealistic. Because of this,
' it has selected not to participate in this program until more realistic
and detailed maps of flood hazard areas can be prepared by the Flood
Insurance Administration and presented to the County Commission for its
' review. The County also understands that such maps are now being prepared
and should be complete by 1982. Upon presentation of these maps, it will
consider participation in the flood insurance program.
' CHANNEL MAINTENANCE
There have been no channel maintenance (dredging) projects within
' Perquimans County for some years. However, should some agency of the
state or federal government consider such a project necessary, the County
will support such projects after such agency (ies) have presented
evidence to the County Board of Commissioners that the proposed project
will benefit the citizens of Perquimans County.
' Other Issues Not Relevant to Perquimans County
The Land Use Planning Guidelines Chapter 7B, Section .0203 (B) of
the P.C. Administrative Code require issues to be discussed other than
those above. One issue not discussed earlier in this section was discussed
by both the County Planning Board and the Perquimans County Board of
Commissioners and was found to be not applicable to Perquimans County.
' It is: energy facility siting and development.
The likelihood of a refinery of any size locating in the County was
' considered too remote to warrant a policy statement. (The average depth
of the Albemarle Sound and the lack of a protected bay of sufficient size
to accomodate oil tankers provided the basis for this decision). Therefore
no policy statement on this issue was considered appropriate.
' Also, the County saw no relevance discussing beach nourishment and
waterfront access. There are no beaches in the County and there are many
' public and private access points to public waters all along the coastlines
of the County. No policies were considered necessary.
40

CHAPTER VI
LAND CLASSIFICATION
INTRODUCTION
A land classification system has been developed by the North Carolina
Coastal Resources Commission as a means of assisting in the implementation
of the policies developed within local CAMA Land Use Plans, such as this one.
By showing land classifications on a map and describing them in narrative
form, Perquimans County specifies those areas where the policies described
in the last chapter will apply. It should also be noted that the various
land classifications also show areas which come under the purview of
various state and federal statutes and regulations (See "Current Plans and
Policies"). Although certain areas are outlined on the Land Classification
Map, it must be remembered that land classification is merely a tool to
help implement policies and not a strict regulatory mechanism.
The designation of land classes permits Perquimans County to illustrate
its policy statements as to where and to what density it wants growth to
occur, and where it wants to conserve natural and cultural resources by
guiding growth.
LAND CLASSIFICATIONS
There are five broad classes within the land classification system.
These are used by all 20 coastal counties. They are defined as follows:
Developed Land - Areas classified as developed include those lands already
developed for urban purposes with a density at or approaching 500 dwelling
units per square mile. These areas usually have already been provided
with typical urban services (i.e., public water, sewer, recreational
facilities, police and fire protection).
There are no areas within Perquimans County which meet the density
criteria stated in the definition above. Therefore, no land areas are
so classified on the Land Classification Map.
Transition Land - Lands classified as transition are those developable lands
which will be needed to meet anticipated population and economic growth.
These areas must either be served or be readily served by public water,
sewer and other urban services including public streets, and be generally
free of severe physical limitations for urban development. Lands
classified as transition are the only areas which would be under active
consideration by Perquimans County for intensive urban development requiring
urban services.. These are the areas where detailed land use and public
investment planning will occur. State and federal expenditures on
projects associated with urban development, such as water, sewer, urban
streets, etc. would be guided to these areas by the County.
41

The land on either side of the major highways located within the corporate
' limits of Winfall meet the above criteria for transition lands, and
they are so classified on the Land Classification Map.
Community Land - Lands classified as community are those areas within the
' planning jurisdiction needed to provide for clustered land development to
help meet housing, shopping, employment and public service needs within
the rural areas of the county. These areas are characterized by,small
' groupings of mixed land uses, such as residences, small stores, churches,
schools, etc., which are suitable for small clusters of rural development
not requiring public sewer service.
' The areas so designated in Perquimans County are shown on the Land Class-
ification Map. While almost all of the areas shown as community are
' already served by the.county water system, none of them meet both the
density criteria.of 500 dwelling units per square mile and the need for
public sewer service.
' Rural Land - Lands classified as rural are all other agricultural and
forested areas which are not classified as either transitional, community
or conservation. These lands are best suited for agriculture, forestry
' management and other low intensity uses. Residences may be located within
"rural" areas where urban services are not required and where natural
resources will not be permanently impaired. Areas classified as rural
' are shown on the Land Classification Map.
Conservation Land - Lands classified as conservation are those lands which
contain: major wetlands, wooded swamps, essentially undeveloped shorelines
' that are unique, fragile or hazardous for development; necessary wildlife
habitats; publicly owned water supply watersheds and aquifers and forest
lands that are undeveloped and will remain undeveloped for commercial
' purposes. Also included in this classification are all designated Areas
of Environmental Concern (AECs) designated by the State. These include
the estuarine waters of the Perqui.mans River, Yeopim Creek and the
' Albemarle Sound and the shorelines thereof -up to 75 feet inland from
the mean high water mark of those waters. Any developments in AECs are
subject to the permitting process of the CAMA Act.
' While lands classified as conservation are generally not considered suitable
for urban development, there are certain uses which may be permitted. It
must be pointed out that because of the small scale of the Land Classification
Map shown in this document, it is impossible to pinpoint each parcel of
land which may existwithinthe conservation -areas --that may not meet the
criteria of the conservation classification. Therefore, determination of
' whether or not a certain parcel of land meets this classification should
be made by determining that it is not: 1) in the flood plain of a
continuously flowing stream of water; 2) on soils which have severe
' limitations for septic tanks, building foundations or poor drainage;
3) in an area considered to be a unique natural or cultural resource
which would suffer irreparable damage as a result.of development and/or
in areas which would otherwise be hazardous to developments, or which would
' be detrimental to the surrounding environment. These determinations will
be made on a case -by -case basis, should they arise. The Planning Board will
have the responsibility of making these determinations with the advice and
' assistance of the local Health Department, Soil Conservation Service and the
Office of Coastal Management. References will be made to the most recent
detailed soil analysis, flood plain studies and local, state and federal
wu

regulations.
Summary
All land in Perquimans County has been classified in this chapter and
on the Land Classification Map. These classifications will remain in effect
until such time as this document is updated (roughly five years from the
' date of publication). The land classification and the other parts of this
study will be used in making decisions regarding future development
proposals. It will also be used by state and federal agencies in making
determinations on funding requests made by the County or municipalities
' therein. Should a major event take place during the next five years (i.e.,
location of a major industry, discovery of a major mineral deposit, etc.)
which has not been anticipated as part of this study, application for funds
' to update this document will be sought in order to maintain its validity
and utility as a local guide for development decision -making.
43

H
a

PERQUIMANS COUNTY LAND USE PLAN SURVEY
PLEASE CIRCLE
1. Personal Characteristics
1. In which township do you live?
A. Belvidere 12.5% C. Parksville 18% E. Hertford 33%
B. New Hope 20% D. Bethel 20% No Response - 8%
2. Educational Attainment
A. Grammar School - 8%
B. Junior High - 88
C. High School - 70%
D. College - 13%
3. Age
15-18 - 5% 26-35 - 37.5% 46-55 - 12.5%
19-25 - 5% 36-45 - 35% 56-over - s%
4. Occupation Not tabulated
5. Sex
Male 25% Female 75%
6. Race
Black 55% White 48% Other
7. Which of the following applies to you?
A. Own Home 67% B. Rent Home 13, C. Other 23%
8. Marital Status
Single 23% Divorced 3% Married 73% Widow or Widower 5%
9. Are you presently
8%
A. Employed - 53% C. Retired - 5% E. Full-time homemaker
B. Unemployed - 13% 0. Part-time Employed- 18% F. Student - 5%
10. Where is most or all of your income derived?
A. Perquimans County - 58% C. Adjacent County - 20% - - --- -- S. Tidewater Virginia- 8% D. other N.C. Counties - 10%
i1. How do you obtain most of your Information about activities in the county?
Newspaper 50% Through TV13% Other 3% Through Radio 30% By word of mouth33%
12. How many surveys were filled out in your household?
1 48% 2 33% 3 or pore 18%
13. Income (your income per year)
Under 3,000 3.000-8,999 9.000-14,999 15,000-20,000 20,000-+
20% 23% 15% 18% 5%
No response - 20%

-2-
' II. Community Assessment
14. What do you like most about Perquimans County?
15.
According to the progress that Perquimans County has made, number each
block from Fi through 116 with the lowest numbers being those that you
feel need improvement.
'
1. Recreation 8th
2. Cultural Activities 7th
3. Land Use Planning 9th
4. Environmental Considerations 10th
5. Community Facilities 6th
6. Medical Facilities 1st
7. Law Enforcement 5th
8. Social Services llth
9. Industrial Development 4th
10. Employment 2nd
11. Educational Facilities 3rd
12. Other
1. Other
'
14. Other
15. Other
16. Other
16.
in your opinion, which of the following should the county adopt as its
'
policy for county population growth during the next 10 years?
A. Remain the same size - 12%
B. Small increase - 28%
'
C. Substantial increase - 47%
D. Reduce population
17.
Would you like to see more tourists come to Perquimans County?
Yes 62% NO 23%
18.
What, if any, type of tourist facilities do you think should be developed
in this area?
19•
What If any, additional recreational facilities would you like to sae in
Perquimans County?
'
20.
In your opinion, do the citizens of Perquimans County h,r� adequate opportunity
to participate in local government and community affair,;
Yes 55% No 28%
'
If your answer is no, please state your reason.

r
r
-3-
21. What is your attitude toward the following statements:
(Check one)
Agree
Disagree
Neutral
a.
The county's future development
must be planned.
asp;
5$
b.
Our natural resources and wildlife
should be protected.
92%
0%
5e
r
c.
There should be more control of
land development.
658
l0$
17$
d.
Our historical assets should be
preserved.
80%
0%
20%
e.
The appearance of our county needs
r
to be improved.
85�
o$
12$
f.
More industry is needed to supple-
ment existing agricultural base.
g.
Emphasis on future growth should
r
be concentrated in existing
communities (ex. Hertford, Wlnfall,
Belvidere, etc.)
65$
13$
18$
h.
Since the agricultural lands of the
county are of primary importance and
'
drainage is essential, the county
should strongly push for a compre-
hensive drainage program.
48%
8%
30%
1.
The county's agricultural lands are
very important and must be protected
or maintained from uncontrolled or
unrestrained residential, commercial
or industrial development.
38%
15%
40%
Perquimans County is primarily rural/
agricultural oriented. It should
remain this way.
38$
52�
7.58
k.
Road maintenance and upgrading of
roads is adequate.
48%
159;
r
1.
Water facilities are adequate.
To=
30%
15%
m.
Sewer facilities are adequate.
43%
32%
17%
n.
Fire protection Is adequate.
48%
308
20%
o.
The county needs more historic preser-
vation.
60%
10%
23%
p.
Some zoning and land use controls are
needed.
58$
17.5�
238
q.
Rescue and ambulance services are
adequate.
73%
5%
7.5%
i
r.
The county should attract more industry758
0%
1n a
s.
The county should promote growth of
some rural areas of the county.
62.5%
20%
12%
t.
There are adequate shopping facilities
In the county.
20%
60%
15%
r
u.
Trash collection Is adequate.
_79%_
30%
20%
v.
There should be more wind breakers
in large open fields to prevent
wind erosion.
55%
5%
37.5%
'
w.
Man-made hazards should be in compli-
ance with certain land use techniques
and state and federal regulations.
50%
2.5%
32.5%
x.
There is a lack of cultural activities
in the county.
57.5�
10�
25�
22. If
U.S. 17 is four-laned through Perquimans County, It
could mean
better jobs,
economy and tourism to this area. Should
we push for
its completion.
Yes 85% No.5%
23. What do you believe are some of the environmental problems
of the
Perquimans
River or the Albemarle Sound?
1

24. Are there any comments regarding the water quality of the Perquimans River or
. Albemarle Sound that you wish to express?
25. Do you believe that second home or vacation development should not be allowed
when itendangers the water quality of the area, public access to the water, or
fragile areas not yet under protection? Yes 48% No 30%
Comments
26. Would yc-i like to have a transportation system in Perquimans County?
Yes 62.5% No 12%
a. Within Perquimans County Yes No
b. Perquimans County to Elizabeth City Yes No
c. Perquimans County to Edenton Yes No
d. Ail of the above Yes No
27. What would be your major reason(s) for a transportation system?
Shopping 55% Employment 58%
Medical 55s Bank 21%
Social -Recreation 18% Nutrition Site 23%
Education or Day Care 36% Relatives or Friends 30%
28. Would you pay a nominal fee to ride on a transit system?
Yes 83% No 8%
29. Do you agree or disagree that certain funds should be devoted to maintaining
the water quality of the Perquimans River and Albemarle Sound.
Agree 79% Disagree 3%
30. What would you like to see improved on your street or in your community?
31. In general, are there any other comments or concerns you have about this county
or the towns which were not covered by this questionnaire?
32. If the General Assembly decides to include a Statewide Bond referrendum for
school facilities in the November general election, would you support this
referrendum.
Yes (69.4.) No (9.88)

iIIIIIII� IiIIIIIII� IIIIIIII� ' I� IIIII� � � � � IIiIIIII� � IIIIIII� � � � filler � �
LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP
�7 4,
PERQUIMANS COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
7° —1980—
h :\
CLASSIFICATIONS
e» I,oM • yr 7 .\ ie•
,r \ Rural
Nary ' 'Iogl ^ A
NMI
y o Community
r % Transition
Z ' uu Ii99 .h' 'J.' o '. c?'. G+?+.3'7 �'v'r,•
�YO� •.`1.1.Q�'"^.o..r•• �y,-. r
-
uu .,_.,„,' ' I9u Ju,e -� ,�4' / �� �,�. °. Ao.•.6Ji.+'=Qa',. .�,k%.o�• Conservation
' p9O 111e r•V\\.� I1L Iii1 �• '. --'�—Y �1• 1
o IluIna =� : ;r•'�ae:J�r.O�? •4 , ;,w Qm i uu ,Jo
Iti1
P Prepared by:
' u , T �+ `- e „ ir• a '""$ 1 o FERREN PLANNING GROUP
f I Ilu �.}.� a. '•" • 7 , ww.0 rule 1 + ul[ .v „ Y +woosa. w ; GrceriV111e, N.C.
U ••�.• Jy � ur ur
uu � • `��•. y Im +Ins
Iqi
G
� u„ .I „II19. ' Iu. wJ��A• '", , t ,, . ,r9 � •a.
Z � 11 Nep. Jlw 1 ur 1 Irl ,� ,y } i ♦ 1>r •
• ^ 11Yf I9J v (1 ^/ /,/• ll19 � • IlY 19r , Iln••. � , i
Ck
REAR JWADIP Iln Iu ' Ilr +'f Yl Mi- 7'%N, 11 uu lut • 1�9 1
WRANTS
NECK
ua II It , c j
ti al lt' _ i This report was financed in part by
to Anon 't + EY NECK
v ` •ra P� ' M >., \. i j the National oceanic Administration,
the and Atmospheric
Administration, the Coastal Plains ,
Y
RegionalC and the StateI
of North Carolina; and meets the
S
requirements of the North Carolina
Coastal Area Management Act of t
1974, as amended.