1998 Land Use Plan Update-2002

F- IVE
JUI. 3 0 2002
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
ELIZABETH CITY
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1998 PERQUIMANS COUNT'
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
July 30, 2002

Perquimans County
1998 Land Use Plan Update
Prepared for .
Perquimans County Commissioners
and
Perquimans County Planning Board
Technical Assistance
Howard T. Capps & Associates, Inc.
201 North Front Street, Suite 402
Wilmington, North Carolina 28401
The preparation of this document was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal
Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.

Table of Contents
1998 PERQUIMANS COUNTY
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
page
I. Purpose of Update
1
IL Contents of Land Use PIan
1
III. Introduction
2
IV. Goals and Objectives
2
V. Data Collection and Analysis
2
A. Population and Economy
3
B. Existing Land Use and Water Uses
6
VI. Current Plans, Policies and Regulations -
13
VII. Constraints
15
A. Land Suitibility
15
B. Fragile Areas
17
C. Areas of Resource Potential
20
D. Community Service Capacity
21
VIII. Estimated Demand
24
A. Population and Economy
24
B. Future Land Needs
26
C. Demand for Community Facilities and Services
26
IX. Policy Statements
26
A. Resource Protection Policies
28
B. Resource Production and Management
33
C. Economic and Community Development
35
D. Storm Hazard Mitigation, Disaster Recovery, and Evacuation
39
E. Public Participation
43
X. Land Classification System and Map
44
XI. Intergovernmental Coordination and Implementation
49
XII. Public Participation
49
X 1I. Maps
A. Existing Land Use Map
B. Natural Areas Assrssment Map
C. Composite Storin Hazard Map
D. Land Classification Map

Executive Summary
Perquimans County
1998 Land Use Plan Update

r
,
Executive Summary
Perquimans County
1998 Land Use Plan Update
Technical Assistance
Howard T. Capps k Associates, Inc.
201 North Front Street, Suite 402
Wilmington, North Carolina 28401
The preparation of this document was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal
Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.

Perquimans County
1998 Land Use Plan Update
The executive summary of the 1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Update includes a
summary of primary land use issues affecting the county during the planning period and policies
which address those issues. A list of other policy statements included in the complete plan
follows. A land classification map and definitions have also been included.
PURPOSE OF UPDATE
Purpose
In updating its existing plan, the County evaluates the current plan's performance over the past five
years and makes the modifications and additions it feels necessary to meet changing development
demands and to achieve the common vision the community holds of "how it wants to be". At a
minimum, the following steps must be taken:
0 to define and refine local policies and issues;
to examine and refine the land classification system and map;
to assess the effectiveness of existing land use plan and its implementation;
to explore implementation procedures; and,
to promote better understanding of land use planning.
Updating Process
The updating process follows the same steps as any land use planning process, information is
gathered showing the current demands on the community's land use, natural resources, public
facilities, and public utilities. Projections are made to estimate the likely demand on these resources
over the next five years. State and federal mandates and policies concerning the effects of
development in or on particularly environmentally sensitive land areas or water bodies are reviewed,
such areas are identified, located and mapped. With sufficient and current information, the
community and local government officials can formulate and formally adopt a clear, explicitly
stated, set of general policies concerning growth and development that give guidance to local, state
and federal agencies on future land use decisions. The NC Division of Coastal Management will
use these policies in future permitting actions.
During the planning process other existing local plans and policies are reviewed. In view of the
new information gathered and policies formulated, the community may decide that certain others of
its current plans and policies need to be modified, such as its utility extension policy, community
facility plan, subdivision regulations, zoning ordinance, to name a few, to more successfully achieve
the overall community desires expressed in the Land Use Plan Update.
CONTENTS OF LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
At a minimum, the Land Use Plan Update must include the following basic elements:
Executive Summary
° Introduction
° Goals and Objectives
° Data Collection and Analysis
° Present Conditions
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Update Executive Summary ii

Constraints
° Estimated Demands ,
° Policy Statements
Land Classification
Intergovernmental Coordination
° Implementation
° Public Participation
INTRODUCTION
In 1974 the State of North Carolina established a cooperative program of coastal area management
between local governments and the State through the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC).
The CRC determined that land use planning lay at the center of local government's involvement in
this cooperative program, and gave local leaders an opportunity and responsibility to establish and
enforce policies that guide the physical development of their community. While regulations, land
acquisition, education and other management tools must continue to play the implementing role, the
CRC found that land use planning process offered the best chance for the local citizens and elected
officials to develop a common vision for the future that balances the economic development and the
resource protection issues necessary for a healthy living environment.
Land use planning process provides opportunities for an analysis of the implications of various
development alternatives, promotes meaningful involvement of citizens in discussing the future of
their community and provides a chance for local elected officials to adopt and formally express
public policies to help guide public and private investments.
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
As a first step in establishing goals and objectives for the planning process, public meetings were
held where citizens and local officials involved in the planning process jointly arrived at a consensus
of how they wanted the community to develop over the next five to ten-year period. The following
statement expresses their common vision and the primary goals they wish to achieve:
Community Vision:
Historically charming, low -density rural agricultural community with an expanding economy and.
environmentally sensitive residential developments.
Based on this public participation process, local officials, property owners and residents of
Perquimans County agreed upon the following objectives:
Encourage job creation and desirable economic growth;
• Control and effectively manage development,
• Encourage and promote environmentally sensitive residential development,
• Protect water quality of rivers, sound and creeks;
• Improve drainage and sedimentation and erosion control,
• Promote Historic assets to bring about more economic growth;
• Examine zoning as possible development control strategy
• POLICY STATEMENTS
• Background — The most important part of any land use plan, particularly those prepared under
North Carolina's Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA), is the formulation of specific policies
regarding growth management objectives. The policies attempt to strike a balance between the
desires and objectives of the locality and the objectives of the Coastal Area Management Program.
Land development policies, based on an analyses of existing conditions, of development constraints,
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Update Executive Summary iii

and of projected demands, provide guidance for future development decisions in Perquimans
County. Under CAMA, the overriding issue is managing the use and thus, preventing the misuse of
coastal resources. Perquimans County's special resources ( both natural and man-made) and the
constraints on their use were identified in the previous sections of the plan. The policy statements
contained in this section addresses the management and protection of these resources.
• Recognizing the diversities which exist among the coastal communities, the Coastal Resources
Commission (CRC) requires each local government to outline specific development policies under
five broad categories, each with its own subset of policy areas. The five required topics, addressed
in order in this section, are:
• Resource Protection
• Resource Production and Management
• Economic and Community Development
• Continuing Public Participation
• Storm Hazard Mitigation
It is important to understand the significance of local CAMA related policy statements and how
they interact with day-to-day activities of Perquimans County. Three areas are affected. First, the
policy statements will influence the issuance of CAMA minor and major permitting as required by
NCGS-1 13A-1 18 prior to undertaking any development in any Area of Environmental Concern.
Perquimans County must adopt policies which are, at a minimum, equal to and consistent with the
State's minimum use standards. The local government may, however, adopt minimum use standards
which are stricter than the State's and the local government's stricter standards can become the
determining factor whether a CAMA permit should be issued.
The second area of application is that of establishing local policies and regulations which guide
Perquimans County's growth and development. Under North Carolina legislation, land use plans
are not regulatory controls. Policy statements must be consistent with and implemented through
local land use ordinances such as zoning or subdivision ordinances which require public hearings
prior to any revisions.
The final area of application is that of "Consistency Review." Proposals and applications for state
and federal assistance or requests for agency approval of projects are normally reviewed against the
jurisdiction's land use plan to determine if the project is consistent with local policies.
Inconsistencies of a federal or state project with local policies can serve as grounds for denial or
revision of a project.
Community Vision Statement for Next Five- to Ten -Year Planning Period
Based on the public participation process, it is clear that the majority of property owners and
residents of Perquimans County envision the following principals_ for their community over the next
five -to -ten-year planning period:
Encourage job creation and economic growth;.
• Promote tourism as an avenue toward economic growth
Control growth;
• Encourage and promote environmentally sensitive residential development;
• Protect water quality of rivers, sound and creeks,
• Improve drainage and sedimentation and erosion control;
• Promote Historic assets to bring about more economic growth;
Prior to establishing Perquimans County policy on issues that affect the area, the Consultant
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Update Executive Summary n,

provided a summary of policy contained in the 1993 Land Use Plan to the Perquimans County
Planning Board with a request that they indicate any changes they wanted to see in policy as part of
the 1998 Land Use Plan Update. Based on that review, the Planning and Zoning Board indicated a
need to improve policy statements or implementation strategies for the following issues:
Areas of Environmental Concern
Soil Limitations
Flood Plain Development
Freshwater Swamps, Marshes
Man -Made Hazards, Nuisances
Off -Road Recreational Vehicles
Types and Locations of Industry Desired
Local Commitment to Provide Services to Development
Types of Urban Growth Pattems-Desired
Commitment to State and Federal Programs in the Area
Assistance to Channel Maintenance and Beach Renourishriient Projects
The following format was used to address each policy in the plan:
• Findings: A brief summary of the issues, relevant findings and, where applicable,
alternative policy responses. Changes to previous policies are also noted.
• Policy: Statement(s) of local government policy are designed to achieve the public
objectives related to the issue. The policy statements are designed to guide
land use decisions in a consistent and predictable direction.
• Implementation: Method used by Perquimans County to implement policy.
In all, twenty-six policies were formally adopted in the plan. A list of these policies and their
accompaning Implementation Strategy are listed in this Summary
POLICIES
RESOURCE PROTECTION
Community Vision Statement on Resource Protection.
The citizens and local officials realize that health and continued vitality of its
abundance of water resources is critical in achieving any of the development
objectives it has enumerated or in maintaining the quality of life now enjoyed.
Resource protection is critical in the fulfillment of this community's dreams..
1. Issue: Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC) and Appropriate Land Use in AECs
CAMA Management Objective
It is the objective .of the Coastal Resources Commission to conserve and
manage estuarine waters, coastal wetlands, public trust areas, and estuarine
shorelines, as an interrelated group of Awakes so as to safeguard and
perpetuate their biological, social, economic, and aesthetic values and to
ensure that development occurring within these Awakes is compatible
with natural characteristics so as to minimize the likelihood of significant
loss of private property and public resources. Furthermore, it is the
objective of the Coastal Resources Commission to protect present
common-law and statutory public rights of access to the lands and waters
of the coastal area.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Update Executive Summary

Policy 1: Perquimans County will continue to support and enforce, through
its CAMA Minor Permitting capacity, the State policies and
permitted uses in Areas of Environmental Concern (Awakes). Such
uses shall be in accord with the general use standards for coastal
wetlands, estuarine waters, estuarine shorelines, and public trust
areas as stated in Chapter 1 SA, Subchapter 7H of the North
Carolina General Statutes
Implementation:
CAMA Minor Permitting Program. The local CAMA permitting
officer will insure applications are filled out correctly and guidelines
are met, and refer applicants to State CAMA office for major
permits.
2. Issue: Constraints to Development Including Soil Limitations, Flood Prone Areas,
Hazardous and Fragile Land Areas .
Polic5! 2: The County will continue to rely on existing Regional, State and
Federal regulatory programs to monitor and determine the
appropriateness of future development in the fragile land areas,
flood prone areas and soils with limitations to development.
Implementation: The County, through its local Health Department, is actively
managing an annual inspection and monitoring of septic systems
built on provisional soils. The County will continue to enforce
Health Department Regulations concerning the installation of septic
systems.
The County will consider alternative systems such as low pressure
septic systems. To minimize any hazardous conditions, the County
will require that all developments on soils with severe limitations be
built using the most responsible construction, design, and
management techniques possible, and will continue to require a
certified engineered plan for septic system for approval by the Health
Department.
The County will request FEMA to review accuracy of flood maps.
The County will continue to enforce the FEMA Construction
Standards in all identified Flood Hazard Areas The County will
prevent needless development from occurring in identified flood
plain areas. The County will require additional elevation monuments
to be placed in all subdivisions..
The County will continue to enforce the rules and regulations of the
Flood Insurance Program and use Local, CAMA permit, and 404
wetland pen -nit regulations to regulate development in Fragile land
areas
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Update Executive Summary vi

3. Issue: Freshwater Swamps and Marshes ,
Policy 3: The County will continue to encourage the use of Best Management
Practices as recommended by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service in
both forest and agricultural land management in order to minimize
damage by either of these two vital County economic activities. The
County will encourage developers to set aside these fragile areas
for preservation and protection as passive community open space.
Implementation: The County will rely on the development regulations it now has in
force to control residential, commercial, and industrial development
in these wetland areas.
The County will amend its Subdivision Regulations to require that
developers submit plans to CAMA or Corps of Engineers for review
prior to local approval if LAMA wetlands or 404 wetlands are
located on site.
The County will encourage the local Soil Conservation District to
maintain an ongoing educational program that emphasizes the'
techniques of Best Management Practices for forestry and farm
management.
4. Issue: Cultural and Historical Resources
Polict4_
The County will support the efforts of the Historic Preservation
Committee to establish several historic districts now being
considered.
Implementation
The County will support efforts to promote historic sites and
structures in Perquimans County. The County will work with DOT
in obtaining highway signs directing the motoring public to historic
areas once established.
5. Issue: Use of Package Treatment Plants
Policy 5: The County will rely on the permitting activities of the Department
of Health and the Division of Environmental Management to control
the installation, placement, and operation of sewage package
treatment plants. The County will encourage the use of land
application type community systems for its larger subdivision
developments.
Implementation: The County will continue to require a certified engineered plan for
any proposed package treatment plants and State approval as
applicable.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Update Executive Summary vii

6. Issue: Protection of Potable Water Supply
Policv 6: The County shall cooperate fully with all State and federal agencies
to protect the ground water supplies in the County.
Implementation: The County will rigorously enforce the public facility service
requirements of its Subdivision Regulations and work closely with
the District Department of Health to insure that ground water
supplies are not threatened by poor placement or inadequate filtration
of septic systems. This is being checked annually by the County
Health Department. Of particular concern is the threat caused by
septic tank failure.
7. Issue: Stormwater Run-off Residential Development
Policy 7.
It shall be the policy of Perquimans County to regulate residential
subdivisions so as to prevent the overburdening of existing
waterways and drainage systems by excessive surface run-off, with
particular attention to fragile areas of the County.
8. Issue: Marina, Floating Home Development, and Dry Stack Storage
Polio
Perquimans County supports construction of marinas with County
waters if all County, State and federal permits are obtained. The
size of the marina must be appropriate to the width and depth of
body of water on which it is located and not present a hazard to
navigation. Dry stack marinas are also encouraged.
Implementation:
The County will request the Industrial Development Director to
investigate possible marina as part of Commerce Center.
9. Issue: Industrial Impact on Fragile Areas
Policv 9.
County policy is to develop the new Commerce Center, while being
sensitive to the land and water environment, to create improved
economic opportunities for Perquimans County citizens. The
County would support mooring buoys at the Commerce Center
waterfront if they are an integral part of the Commerce Centers
development.
Implementation:
County Commissioners will continue to encourage the Industrial
Development Commission and Director to develop a Commerce
Center that is sensitive to the environment.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Update Executive Summary viii

RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
10. Issue: Productive Agricultural Lands
Policy 10: Perquimans County's productive agricultural lands are not being
threatened by unreasonable or unmanageable urban growth;
however; it shall be the County's policy to encourage land owners to
keep their lands in productive agricultural use.
Implementation: The County will encourage continued productive use of agricultural
land by granting preferential tax relief to farmed lands through Land
Use Plan prepared for tax appraiser. The County will also
investigate the possible use of zoning as a meansof protecting and
preserving its farm lands.
11. Issue: Commercial Forest Land
Policy 11: Perquimans County encourages the use of the most efficient and
productive forestry practices and strongly encourages reforestation
as an ongoing management practice. Perquimans County will also
encourage conservation of existing hardwood forests as animal
habitat.
.Implementation The County will provide land use value tax assessments to property
owners who maintain tracts of productive forest lands in areas with
great development potential. The County will request that the Soil
Conservation Service, Forest Service or Extension Service make
information available to land owners if federal or State programs
exist with financial incentives to put land areas adjacent to water
bodies back into productive forests or protection of existing
hardwood forests.
12. Issue: Commercial and Recreational Fishing
Polic!l2_ The County encourages commercial and recreational fishing in its
waters and will cooperate with other local governments, State and
federal agencies to control pollution of these waters to allow
commercial and recreational fishing to increase.
Implementation: The County will work with the State Wildlife Commission and the
CAMA Public Beach Access program to provide public boating
access for recreational fishing.
13. Issue: Off -Road Recreational Vehicles
Policy 13: County policy will be to regulate unauthorized. use of off -road
vehicles on residential and agricultural property.
Implementation: The County Planning Board, in cooperation with Sheriffs
Department, will review ordinances from other rural and agricultural
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Update Executive Summary ix

communities to determine best approach to regulate use of
unauthorized off -road vehicles on private property. The Planning
Board will prepare and present recommended ordinance, if
appropriate, to County Commissioners for consideration following
required public notice and public hearings.
14. Issue: Residential and Commercial Land Development Impact on Resources
Policy 14: The County will use its regulatory powers to insure that all new
developments are designed in such a way as to avoid any negative
impacts on fragile areas.
Implementation: The County will look at utilization of Zoning Map and Zoning
Ordinance to help direct future growth away from prime farmlands
and fragile land and water resources.
ECONOMIC AND COMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
15. Issue: Types and Location of Industry Desired
Policy 1 S: Perquimans County, Hertford, Winfall and the Economic
Development Commission Executive Director will work jointly to
develop the Perquimans Commerce Center as well as other existing
local industrial sites. Mooring buoys, if beneficial to the
development of the Commerce Center, will be allowed if all local,
State and federal permits required can be obtained.
Implementation: Details on issues such as annexation, utility extension and industrial
types will be resolved. The Economic Development Commission
Executive Director will continue to market the Commerce Center.
16. Issue: Local Commitment to Provide Services to Development
Policy 16: The County will make incremental improvements to the water
system each year to keep abreast of demands on the system and will
undertake major improvements to the system when conditions
warrant.
Implementation: The County will follow a planned program of improvements to its
water system to keep abreast of system demand and to maintain
optimum service to its customers. Plans include the construction of
a new treatment plant and improvements to existing plants which are
currently in progress.
17. Issue Types of Urban Growth Patterns Desired
Policy 17. To protect the rural quality of life enjoyed in Perquimans County,
and at the same time provide guidance for future residential and
non-residential development, the County may investigate
establishing zoning in all or portions of Perquimans County.
Implementation: County Commissioners may direct County Manager and County
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Update Executive Summary x

Planning Board to investigate zoning ordinances from other rural
communities for possible use in formulating Zoning Ordinance and
Zoning Map for County. County may apply for CAMA planning
funds to prepare Zoning Ordinance and map for consideration.
.Planning Board and County Commissioners may hold public
meetings and public hearings to consider County zoning.
18. Issue:. Redevelopment of Developed Areas
Policy 18: The County will seek to eliminate substandard housing in the
County.
Implementation: The County will identify the extent and location of substandard
housing in the County and seek State and federal assistance to
eliminate substandard housing. The County will continue to enforce
the N. C. Building Code 4nd the County Minimum Housing Code
as a means to reduce the frequency of substandard housing.
19. Issue: Commitment to State and Federal Programs in the Area
Policy 19: Perquimans County will continue to support State and federal
programs that benefit County citizens.
Implementation: The County will continue to apply for matching grant funds that help
leverage local tax dollars for programs and facilities that benefit
County citizens.
20. Issue Assistance to Channel Maintenance and Beach Nourishment Projects
Policy 20: Perquimans County supports channel maintenance of the
Perquimans River.
21. Issue: Tourism, Waterfront Access and Estuarine Access
Policy 21: The County believes that tourism offers great potential as a clean,
safe economic development strategy'and supports those efforts
underway by citizen groups in the County to promote this strategy.
Perquimans County will support waterfront redevelopment.
Implementation: The County will apply for grant through the Division of Coastal
Management to study the possibilities of public waterfront access
and lend assistance to local governments in development of public
waterfront access.
22: Issue: Types, Density, Location, Units per Acre of Anticipated Residential and
Industrial Development and Services Necessary to Support Such Development
Poli ,y 22: The County will direct higher density residential and high intensity
industrial development to locate near areas that can provide the
essential public facilities and service needed for their support.
Most notably areas with centralized wastewater collection and
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Update Executive Summary xi

treatment and areas with appropriate transportation facilities.
Implementation: The County will consider the use of zoning regulations to guide
higher density residential and industrial development to areas most
suited for these types of land use.
STORM HAZARD MITIGATION,
Post -Disaster Recovery and Evacuation Plans
The CAMA Land Use Plan guidelines require that each coastal community evaluate the risk
associated with major storms and to consider policies for mitigating storm hazards, post -
disaster recovery and evacuations. The CAMA guidelines require consideration of
mitigation, reconstruction and evacuation issues.
Historically, the major natural disaster threat to the coastal area of North Carolina has been
hurricanes. Accordingly, the Perquimans County Hurricane Evacuation Plan has been
developed to cope with the effects of hurricanes and their accompanying storm surge.
The plan provides guidance to government officials, emergency services, and other agencies
within Perquimans County. It outlines specific responsibilities in the event of a hurricane
threat or actual hurricane. The plan was developed in coordination with interested local,
State and federal agencies. The new technology and "tools" derived through the Eastern
North Carolina Hurricane Evacuation Study have been incorporated into the plan and
should aid. decision makers during.times of hurricane threat.
23 Issue: Storm Hazard Mitigation
Policy 23:
It will be the policy of Perquimans. County to enforce all controls
and regulations it deems necessary to mitigate the risk of severe
storms and hurricanes to life and property. Local policy shall be to
consider purchase of damaged property in most hazardous areas if
either federal or State funds can be secured for such purposes.
Implementation Strategy:
High winds Perquimans County will follow and support the N. C. State Building
Codes and their requirements regarding design for high winds. The
County also supports requirements for trailers such as tie -downs that
help reduce wind damage.
Flooding Perquimans County will support the hazard mitigation elements of
the National Flood Insurance Programs. Perquimans County, which
is in the regular phase of this program, supports regulations
regarding elevation and flood -proofing of buildings and utilities.
The County also supports CAMA and 404 Wetland Development
Permit processes.
Wave Action and
Shoreline Erosion Perquimans County continues to support CAMA permitting
procedures concerning the estuarine shoreline. The County also
supports the FEMA regulations concerning elevation and setback
requirements.,
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Update Executive Summary xii

24125 Issue: Post -Disaster and Recovery Plan
Policy 24: Perquimans County will work under the Hurricane Evacuation Plan
or Emergency Operations Plan for Multi -Hazards to guide post -
disaster repair and reconstruction activities.
Policy 25: County policy shall be to continue to follow evacuation procedures
outlined in Perquimans County Hurricane Evacuation Plan.
Implementation: Evacuation Plan:
Evacuation
Areas, Routes
The purpose of the plan is to "provide for an orderly and coordinated
evacuation and shelter system to minimize the effects of hurricanes
on the residents and visitors in Perquimans County." Hurricane
evacuation involves all areas under County and municipal
jurisdiction. As joint action is required of Perquimans County and
the municipal governments within the County, a joint organization
for decision making and use of resources is needed. For these
purposes, a Control Group has been established. Its mission is to
exercise overall direction and control of hurricane evacuation
operations including decisions to institute County -wide increased
readiness conditions and such other actions necessary to the
situation. It is composed of the following individuals:
• Chairman of County Commissioners
• Perquimans County Manager
• Perquimans County Emergency Management Coordinator
• Mayor of Hertford
• Hertford Emergency Management Coordinator
• Mayor of Winfall
• Perquimans County Sheriff
• Hertford Chief of Police
• Fire Marshall
• Captain of Rescue Squad
• Superintendent of Schools
• Director of Social Services
• Administrator of Health Department
• Register of Deeds
• Perquimans County Dispatcher
• American Red Cross
• Hertford Grammar School
• EMS Director
Evacuation zones delineated in the Eastern North Carolina Hurricane
Evacuation Study recently completed and based on inundation
effects produced by various categories of storms are identified as
Perquimans County Evacuation Zones below:
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Update Executive Summary xiii

Zone 1
North Central
Perquimans County
All areas along and within one-half mile of either side of Perquimans
River from SR 1212 on the north to NC 37 in the City of Hertford
on the south.
.Zone 2
South Central
Perquimans County
All areas along and within one -quarter mile of Perquimans River
from the Town of Hertford on the north to Albemarle Sound on the
south including areas along the tributaries of the Perquimans River
from SR 1310 on the north to Albemarle Sound on the south.
Zone 3
Eastern
Perquimans County
All areas along and within one -quarter mile of the Little River from
SR 1221 on the north to Stevenson Point on the south.
Zone 4
Southern
Perquimans County All areas along and on either side of Burnt Mill, from NC 37 on the
west to Yeopim River on the east; and all areas along and within one -
quarter mile of the Yeopim River, and along and either side of
Yeopim Creek and other tributaries of Yeopim River.
Evacuation routes and traffic control points are identified below:
Evacuation Routes All residents and visitors to Perquimans County who wish to
evacuate shall be directed to leave the County by one of two
evacuation routes, either
Route 1— Highway 37 North to Highway 32 to Highway 158, or
Route 2 — Highway 17 West.
Traffic
Control Points It is the opinion of the Perquimans County Emergency Management
Coordinator that no Traffic Control Points will be needed in
Perquimans County during evacuation times.
Reentry Upon cancellation of all hurricane warnings and watches which
include Perquimans County and when no major damage has been
experienced, the Control Group Chairman will authorize reentry to
evacuated areas.
When hurricane damage has occurred, reentry to evacuated areas will
be based upon damage assessments and any rescue or other relief
operations in progress. Reentry will be authorized by the Control
Group Chairman to specific evacuated areas and under conditions
specified.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Update Executive Summary x v

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
26. Issue: Continuing Public Participation
Policy 26. The Perquimans County Planning Board and Board of
Commissioners will continue to have a policy of including
Perquimans County residents in the planning process on an
ongoing basis. Meetings will continue to be open to the public to
give citizens the opportunity to express their views and concerns
about planning issues. It shall be Perquimans County policy to
review the policy and implementation section of this Land Use Plan,
once adopted, on an annual basis to review how policy
implementation is taking place.
Implementation: The County Manager will review policy implementation with the
Board of Commissioners at the first meeting in January of each year
prior to the next land use plan update.
Land Classification System and Map
The land classification system contained in the plan generally reflects the historical development of
the county, existing land uses, and the availability of centralized wastewater collection, treatment and
disposal. The areas designated as Developed are the town's of Winfall and Hertford and the
planned unit development of Albemarle Plantation. All three are served by a centralized sewage
system.
The Urban Transition areas are areas located on major transportation corridors adjacent to the
towns of Hertford and Winfall where municipal services could be expanded to serve development.
This classification includes the new Commerce Park being developed by the towns of Hertford and
Winfall and Perquimans County and lies adjacent to the Town of Hertford.
The Limited Transition is used here to designate the developments of Snug Harbor and Holiday
Island. Both of these developments occurred prior to any the county's involvement in land use
planning and before the adoption of subdivisions regulations. Both areas are developed at very
high densities, with most lots less than 8,000 square feet. Both are served by a closed water system,
as is most of the county. Holiday Island has a small package plant (4,000 gpd) serving some
camping lots in the development. Holiday Island has very severe limitations for septic tank usage.
Future development cannot occur here unless a centralized wastewater collection and disposal
system is constructed. The soils in Snug Harbor are better suited for septic tank use and could be
developed if a persons owned two or more adjacent lots. The Limited Transition classification
designation used here recognizes the high density of development in these two areas but does not
provide an area for expansion.
The Community classification generally recognizes historical unincorporated crossroad .
communities with clusters of mixed use development, each of these clusters contain more than one
commercial establishment and residential development in closer proximity than what one would
consider being rural.
The Rural designation covers the rest and the major portion of the county. Development density in
these areas is dependent on the availability of public water and septic tank suitability. Generally
speaking, depending on soil suitability, lot sizes are permitted at 15,000 square feet if public water is
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Update Executive Summary xv

available and 25,000 square feet if it is not.
The Conservation Areas include all areas of environmental concern designated by CAMA, including
estuarine waters, estuarine shoreline, coastal wetlands and public trust areas, all 404 wetlands and all
areas below the 100-year floodplain elevations. These areas are not marked on the Land Use
Classification Map.
It should be noted that neither Perquimans County nor the Town of Winfall have Zoning
Ordinances and each rely solely on the Perquimans County Subdivision Regulations for controlling
lot sizes in the case of land subdivision and on the County's Floodplain Ordinance for construction
in flood hazard areas. The County and Town rely on other regional, state, and federal agencies for
other development controls; the regional health department for septic tank permitting, CAMA for
AEC development, and DEM for 404 wetland controls.
The land classifications that follows apply to both the County and the Town of Winfall.
A. Developed
1. Purpose
The purpose of the Developed class is to provide for continued intensive
development and redevelopment of existing cities, towns and their urban
environs. The entire town of Winfall falls into this category.
2. Description and Characteristics
Areas meeting the intent of the Developed classification are currently urban
in character where minimal undeveloped land remains and have in place, or
are scheduled for the timely provision of, the usual municipal or public
services. Urban in character includes mixed land uses such as residential,
commercial, industrial, institutional and other uses at high to moderate
densities. Services include water, sewer, recreational facilities, streets and
roads, police and fire protection. In some instances an area may not have all
the traditional urban services in place, but if it otherwise has a developed
character and is scheduled for the timely provision of these services, it still
meets the intent of the developed classification. Areas developed for
predominantly residential purposes meet the intent of this classification if
they exhibit:
a) a density of three or more dwelling units per acre; or
b) a majority of lots of 15,000 square feet or less, which are provided or
scheduled to be provided with the traditional urban services; or
c) permanent population densities that are high and seasonal
populations that may swell significantly. The Developed
classification has been used for the Town of Hertford, Winfall and
the planned unit development of Albemarle Plantation.
B. Urban Transition
1. Purpose
The purpose of the Urban Transition class is to provide for future intensive
urban development on lands that are suitable and that will be provided with
the necessary urban services to support intense urban development.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Update Executive Summary xvi

2. Description and Characteristics
Areas meeting the intent of the Urban Transition classification are presently
being developed for urban purposes or will be developed in the next five to
ten years to accommodate anticipated population and urban growth. These
areas are in, or will be in "transition" state of development going from lower
intensity uses to higher intensity uses and as such will eventually require
urban services. Examples of areas meeting the intent of this class are lands
included within municipal extra territorial planning boundaries and areas
being considered for annexation.
a) Even though AEC standards occasionally permit Urban Transition
type development on a lot -by -lot basis within the various AECs, this
classification should not be applied to any AEC.
b) Areas that are predominantly residential meet the intent of this class
if.
(1) they are approaching three dwelling units per acre, or
(2) a majority of the lots are 15,000 square feet or less and will
be provided with essential urban services to support this high
density development, or
(3) are contiguous to existing developed municipal areas.
Urban Transition areas include undeveloped land along U.S.
17 Bypass and the Commerce Center south of Hertford.
Two small areas north and west of Winfall have been
designated as Urban Transition areas.
C. Limited Transition
1. Purpose
The purpose of the Limited Transition class is to provide for development in
areas that will have some services, but are suitable for lower densities than
those associated with the Urban Transition class, or are geographically
remote from existing towns and municipalities.
2. Description and Characteristics
Areas meeting the intent of this class will experience increased development
during the planning period. they will be in a state of development
necessitating some municipal type services. These areas are of modest
densities and often suitable for the provision of closed water systems rather
than individual wells.
a) Areas classified Limited Transition will provide controlled
development with services, but may not be on lands that are suitable
for traditional high intensity urban development normally associated
with sewers or other services. These maybe lands with physical
limitations or areas near valuable estuarine waters or other fragile
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Update Executive Summary xvii

natural systems. Sewers and other services may be provided because
such services are already in the area or readily available nearby,
because the lands are unsuitable for septic tanks or the cumulative
impact of septic tanks may negatively impact significant public
resources. Self-contained, large, retirement/vacation developments in
otherwise rural areas would meet the intent of this class.
b) The Limited Transition class is intended for predominantly
residential development with densities of three units per acre or less,
or where the majority of lots are 15,000 square feet or greater. In
many areas, lower densities may be necessary and should be
discussed. Clustering or development associated with Planned Unit
Developments may be appropriate in the Limited Transition class.
c) Due to its very nature, the Limited Transition land classification may
be controversial. As such, if a local government chooses to use this
class, it shall describe the circumstances making this classification
necessary and shall also describe how this class will help the local
government achieve both its economic development and natural
resources protection policies. This discussion shall include
statements as to why lands included in this classification are
appropriate for development which necessitates the provision of
services.
The County has designated Snug Harbor and Holiday Island, which
each have densities over three units per acre, as Limited Transition
areas.
D. Community.
1. Purpose
The purpose of the Community class is to provide for clustered, mixed land
uses at low densities to help meet the housing, shopping, employment and
other needs in rural counties.
2. Description and Characteristics
Areas meeting the intent of the Community class are presently developed at
low densities which are suitable for private septic tank use'. These areas are
clustered residential or commercial land uses which provide both low
intensity shopping and housing opportunities. and provide a local social
sense of a "community." These communities are generally small and some
are not incorporated. Very limited municipal type services such as fire
protection and community water may be available, but municipal type sewer
systems are not to be provided as a catalyst for future development. In some
unusual cases sewer systems may be possible, but only to correct an existing
or projected public health hazard. Areas developed in a low density fashion
in small, dispersed clusters in a larger rural county landscape with very
limited or no water and sewer services meet the intent of this class.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Update Executive Summary xviii

In Perquimans County, the areas designated as community are all existing
crossroads communities that exhibit clustering and mixed land uses. This is
essentially all land areas with more than three adjacent minimum -sized lots
of record and historical communities associated with remote country stores
or churches and residential uses that exhibit the appearance of clustering.
The minimum lot size in the County is 15,000 square feet if served by public
water and 25,000 square feet if an on -site water supply is used. Specific
communities include Belvidere, Woodville, New Hope and Bethel.
E. Rural
1. Purpose
The class is to provide for very low density land uses including residential
use where limited water services are provided. in order to avert an existing or
projected health problem. Development within this class should be low
intensity in order to maintain a rural character. Rural water systems, such as
those funded by Farmers Home Administration; are or may be available in
these areas due to the need to avert poor water quality problems. These
systems, however, should be designed to serve a limited number of
customers and should not serve as a catalyst for future higher intensity
development.
2. Description and Characteristics
Areas meeting the intent of this class are appropriate for very low intensity
residential uses, where lot sizes are large, and where the provision of services
will not disrupt the primary rural character of the landscape. Private wells
and septic tank services may exist, but most development is supported by a
closed water system. Other services such as sheriff protection and rural or
volunteer fire protection and emergency rescue, etc., may also be available.
All County lands not designated as Conservation, Urban Transition, Limited
Transition or Community are designated as Rural with Services. The
County has provided public water service, generally, to all areas of the
'County. Perquimans County will extend its water lines along State Roads
into areas of the County which meet the County 50150 Water Line Extension
Policy.
F. Conservation
1. Purpose
The purpose of the Conservation class is to provide for the effective long-
term management and protection of significant, limited or irreplaceable areas.
Management is needed due to the natural, cultural, recreational, scenic or
natural productive values of both local and more than local concern.
2. Description and Characteristics
Areas meeting the intent of this classification that should be considered for
inclusion include:
a) Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs), including but not limited
to public trust waters, estuarine waters, coastal wetlands, etc., as
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Update Executive Summary xix

identified in 15A NCAC 7H;
b) other similar lands, environmentally significant because of their
natural role in the integrity of the coastal region, including but not
limited to wetlands identified on Division of Coastal Management
wetland maps, other wetlands, areas that are or have a high
probability of providing wildlife habitat, forest lands that are
essentially undeveloped and lands which otherwise contain
significant productive, natural, scenic, cultural or recreational
resources.
In Perquimans County, Conservation areas include all areas of
environmental concern designated by CAMA, which include
estuarine waters, estuarine shorelines, coastal wetlands and public
trust waters; all 404 wetlands; and all areas below the 100-year flood
elevation.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Update Executive Summary

PERQUIMANS COUNTY
1998 Land Use Plan Update
L PURPOSE OF UPDATE
A. Purpose
In updating its existing plan, the County evaluates the current plan's performance over the
past five years and makes the modifications and additions it feels necessary to meet
changing development demands and to achieve the common vision the community holds of
"how it wants to be". At a minimum, the following steps must be taken:
to define and refine local policies and issues;
to examine and refine the land classification system and map;
to assess the effectiveness of existing land use plan and its implementation;
to explore implementation procedures; and,
to promote better understanding of land use planning.
B. Updating Process
The updating process follows the same steps as any land use planning process, information
is gathered showing the current demands on the community's land use, natural resources,
public facilities, and public utilities. Projections are made to estimate the likely demand on
these resources over the next five years. State and federal mandates and policies concerning
the effects of development in or on particularly environmentally sensitive land areas or water
bodies are reviewed, such areas are identified, located and mapped. With sufficient and
current information, the community and local government officials can formulate and
formally adopt a clear, explicitly stated, set of general policies concerning growth and
development that give guidance to local, state and federal agencies on future land use
decisions. The NC Division of Coastal Management will use these policies in future
permitting actions.
During the planning process other existing local plans and policies are reviewed. In view of
the new information gathered and policies formulated, the community may decide that
certain others of its current plans and policies need to be modified, such as its utility
extension policy, community facility plan, subdivision regulations, zoning ordinance, to
name a few, to more successfully achieve the overall community desires expressed in the
Land Use Plan Update.
IL ,CONTENTS OF LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
At a minimum, the Land Use Plan Update must include the following basic elements:
Executive Summary
Introduction
Goals and Objectives
° Data Collection and Analysis
° Present Conditions
° Constraints
° Estimated Demands
° Policy Statements
° Land Classification
Intergovernmental Coordination
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan page. I

Implementation
Public Participation
III. INTRODUCTION
In 1974 the State of North Carolina established a cooperative program of coastal area management
between local governments and the State through the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC).
The CRC determined that land use planning lay at the center of local government's involvement in
this cooperative program, and gave local leaders an opportunity and responsibility to establish and
enforce policies that guide the physical development of their community. While regulations, land
acquisition, education and other management tools must continue to play the implementing role, the
CRC found that land use planning process offered the best chance for the local citizens and elected
officials to develop a common vision for the future that balances the economic development and the
resource protection issues necessary for a healthy living environment.
Land use planning process provides opportunities for an analysis of the implications of various
development alternatives, promotes meaningful involvement of citizens in discussing the future of
their community and provides a chance for local elected officials to adopt and formally express
public policies to help guide public and private investments.
IV. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
As a first step in establishing goals and objectives for the planning process, public meetings were
held where citizens and local officials involved in the planning process jointly arrived at a consensus
of how they wanted the community to develop over the next five to ten-year period. The following
statement expresses their common vision and the primary goals they wish to achieve:
A. Community Vision:
Historically charming, low -density rural agricultural community with an expanding
economy and environmentally sensitive residential developments.
B. Based on this public participation process, local officials, property owners and residents of
Perquimans County agreed upon the following objectives:
Encourage job creation and desirable economic growth;
Control and effectively manage development growth;
Encourage and promote environmentally sensitive residential development;
Protect water quality of rivers, sound and creeks;
Improve drainage and sedimentation and erosion control;
Promote Historic assets to bring about more economic growth;
Examine zoning as possible development control strategy
V. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS (Present Conditions)
The first basic element of the Land Use Plan Update is a presentation of pertinent local and regional
data and a thorough analysis of that data. This information helps establish the information base
necessary to make local policy choices about future land use and development in the community.
Information on population, natural resources, water quality, economic activity and transportation
infrastructure has been provided by the Division of Coastal Management. Other required
information has been provided by local government officials or department heads.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page; 2

A. Present Population
As shown in Table 1, Perquimans County has grown from a population of 8,351 in 1970 to
a population of 11,368 by 2000 based on Census data. This population increase of 3,017
people over the
past 30 years
represents a
growth rate of
approximately 1 %
per year. The
population
estimate for 2001
continues the
approximate 1 %
growth rate for the
county.
11,000
P
e
r 10,000
s
0
n
s
9,000)
8,000
1960 1970 1980 . 1990 2000 2001 Est
Decade
Source:Log-in NC(LNQ,'Office of State Planning 1960 — 2000 Census
Table 2
Perquimans County Housing Stock
nits 1920 2000
A
A%
Total Housing Units 4,972 6,045
1,073
21.58%
- Occupied Units 3,988 4,645
657
16.47%
Vacant 984 1,398
414
42.07%
For Seasonal Use 614
Comparative housing data accumulated in the 1990 and 2000 census tabulations show that
the number of housing units grew twice as fast as the population. The number of housing
units increased by 21.58% while population grew -by approximately 10%. An important
piece of information available in the 2000 Census that was not available in 1990 is the
number of housing units counted as "vacant for seasonal use". According to the 2000
Census, 614 housing units, roughly 10% of the County;s total housing supply is held and
maintained for seasonal use.
Much of the detailed housing data accumulated in the 2000 Census is still unavailable, but
based on the 1990 Census, Perquimans County had a total of 4,972 dwelling units. Of
those, 3,290 units are single-family detached and 1,424 are mobile homes or trailers. An
additional 203 units are attached or multi -family units.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 3

Table 3
Perquimans County
Age of Housing Stock
1989 to March 1990
197
Table 3 shows that of the 4,972 units available in
1985 to 1988
542
1990, over half the housing stock, or 2,517 dwelling
1980 to 1984
575
i units, have been built since 1970.
1970 to 1979
1,203
1 Source: 1990 Census
1960 to 1969
847
1950 to 1959
418
1940 to 1949
281
1939 or earlier
909
,
Total Housing Units
4,972
B. Perquimans County Economy
The Economic and Demographic Data for Perquimans County shows a labor force in 1995
of 4,350 people, which represents 40.7% of the total population in the labor force. Not all of
the persons in the work force work in Perquimans County, many commute to nearby towns
or even out of state. Table 4 below, shows the number of jobs in Perquimans County, the
persons holding these jobs may or may not be residents of Perquimans County. As shown
in Table 4, the number of jobs in Perquimans County Actually decreased by 29 jobs
between 1994 and 1995. As the 1995, Employment Sector data shows the largest employer
for the County is government, with 35.2% of the jobs in the county in this sector of the
economy. The second largest and fastest growing area of employment is in
Retail/Wholesale/Trade, with 27.9. Service business represent 16.4 and manufacturing
represents 9.3% of employment, down from 13.5% in 1994.
Table 4
Employment.
ector
1994
% of County
1995
Employment
Employment
_Employment
Agriculture
33
1.8%
50
Construction.
63
3.4%
65
Finan/Ins/Real Est
33.
1.8%
32
Government
638
34.5%
645
Manufacturing
250
13.5%
170
Services
289
15.6%
300
RetaiUWhl Trade
491
26.5%
511
Trans/Com/Pub util
55
3%
58
Total
1,852
1Q0%
.1,831
source: Log -in NC (LNQ
% of County
Employment
2.7%
1.7%
35.2%
9.3 %
16.4%
27.9 %
3.2%
100%
The Existing Land Use section of the Plan will discuss the fact that much of the Countyis
land area is being used for agricultural purposes, which is a very important part of the local
economy; however, as Table 4 shows, employment in this sector is minimal.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plait
Page: 4
J

Table 5
Employment/Wages by Industry Type for 1995
Perquimans County
Industry
Average Annual Wage,
Per Worker
Agriculture
Construction
Finan/Ins/Real Estate
Government
Manufacturing
Services
Retail
Wholesale Trade
*Trans/Com/Utilities
*25 of these jobs are in trucking and warehousing
Source: 1997 Land Use Planning Information Packet
$16,900
$17,698
$17,302
$20,203
$12,534
$11,854
$ 8,883
$19,537
$24,566
Table 5 shows that only 3.0% to 3.2% of employment opportunities were in Transportation,
Communications and Utilities; however, as Table 5 reflects, this sector of the economy had
the highest average annual wage of $24,566 in 1995. Other areas of the economy, other
than government, pay a much lower average annual wage.
Table 6
Perquimans County Agricultural Profile
1982
1987
19922
Farms (Number)
343
272
226
Land in Farms (Acres)
86,376
75,808
68,736
Average Size of Farm (Acres)
252
279
304
Total Crop land (Acres)
70,855
66,354.
58,873
Harvested Crop land (Farms)
308
232
196
Harvested Crop land (Acres)
68,275, .
55,814
55,546
Beef Cow (Farms)
67
53
45
Beef Cow (Number)
664
(D)
662
Milk Cow (Farms)
5
1
0
Milk Cow (Number)
7
(D)
0
Cattle and Calves Sold (Farms)
60
55
42
Cattle and Calves Sold (Number)
569
773
513
Broiler Chickens Sold (Farms)
14
13
21
Broiler Chickens Sold (Number)
2,743,504
3,215,900 6,433,100
Hogs and Pigs Sold (Farms)
111
97
52
Hogs and Pigs Sold (Number)
52,534
51,306
56,156
Source:: Census of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Commerce
D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual farms
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 5

The Perquimans County Agricultural Profile, Table 6, reflects data for 1982, 1987 and
1992. Based on this data, the number of farms and land area in farm use has decreased
between 1982 and 1992. The number of farms has been reduced by 117 over this ten-year
period, with 17,640 fewer acres in farm land use. Total crop land acreage has also gone
down, from 70,855 acres in 1982 to 58,873 acres in 1992, a reduction of 11,982 acres over
this ten-year period. It is believed that much of the land no longer in farm use has been
converted to residential use
Farms with broiler chicken operations have increased from 14 in 1982 to 21 farms in 1992,
and with an increase in chickens sold for this period of 3,689,596. The number of hog and
pig farms has decreased from 111 in 1982 to 52 farms in 1992. The number of hogs or
pigs sold has increased slightly over this period from 52,534 to 56,156. The increase in the
numbers of livestock per farm indicates a greater density of animals per farm and higher
intensity live stock operations. Typically, livestock operations purchase treated water from
the Perquimans County water system, thus placing an additional burden on water supply
and treatment. '
Although the number of farms and farm acreage in use is going down, agriculture lands and
forest lands remain the predominant land uses in Perquimans County.
C. Existing Land and Water Uses
1. Existing Land Use by Watershed Boundary
The existing land use and water use data is based on a windshield survey conducted
in early 1998 using aerial photography and County road maps. The natural features
such as submerged aquatic vegetation, natural heritage areas with State or regional
significance, prime farmlands and anadromous fish spawning areas are all based on
inventory maps provided by the Division of Coastal Management dated September
29, 1997. The watershed boundary information for Perquimans County was also
derived from DCM maps dated September 19, 1997.
Since adjacent land use can have a major impact on water quality of adjacent rivers
and streams, this section on existing land use has been written using the Eight
watershed areas for Perquimans County in an effort to relate land use to adjacent
water bodies. The NC Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
have developed a fourteen digit numbering system to identify these small watersheds
as a subpart of of a larger watershed group and basin. These small watersheds are
shown on the Existing Land Use Map and identified by the designated numbers
assigned by NCDEHNR.
As discussed in the following section on water quality, the NC Division of Water
Quality, classifies North Carolina Surface Water by what is considered their best
uses; these small water sheds are then classified by how well these best uses are
supported. Water sheds are classified as fully supporting (FS), partially supporting
(PS), or not supporting (NS). The boundaries of these small watersheds are
indicated on the Existing Land Use Map along with their identifying number and
their support rating.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 6

2. Perquinans River Watershed Group
The Perquimans River Watershed is a composite of three smaller watersheds
designated as: 03010205090010:
03010205090020•
03010205090030:
The boundaries of these three smaller watersheds distinguish areas that drain into
the Perquimans River from above the towns of Winfall and Hertford where the river
narrows at the S-Bridge and areas that drain into the river from the east and the west
after the river broadens. The Natural Area Assessment Map shows that this
watershed group contains large areas of anadromous fish spawning areas,
submerged aquatic vegetation and prime farmland
3. Perquimans River Watershed 03010205090010
This watershed drains the northern portion of the county north of the towns of
Hertford and Winfall This watershed is identified on the Existing Land Use Map as
Perquimans River and is distinguished from the other two watersheds of this group
only by the assigned number. The northern portion of this watershed is primarily
agricultural or forest land, with small community clusters of residential land use in
areas like Beech Springs, Hickory Crossroads and Belvidere. Belvidere has a
substantial cluster of historic homes and is currently being considered for
designation as a National Register Historic Site. The northernmost edges of the
towns of Hertford and Winfall are the southernmost boundaries of this watershed.
This watershed is rated as Fully Supporting (FS).
4. Perquimans River Watershed 03010205090020
This watershed drains into the Perquimans River from the west and south of the S-
Bridge This watershed contains the major portion of the Town of Hertford Much
of the southern portion of this watershed along the river's western shore is
undeveloped, with forest land along the water's edge. Harvey Point Government
Facility is at the southern point. Halsey Bay Road and Southern Shores residential
development are the two major clusters of residential development. These two
developments have a number of private piers and boat docks. This watershed is
rated as Fully Supporting (FS).
The Town of Hertford, with its cluster of residential and commercial development, is
located near the head of this watershed. The municipal boat launching areas and
municipal waterfront park are located in "this watershed.
This watershed is rated as Fully Supporting (FS).
S. Muddy Creek, Perquimans River Watershed 03010205090030
The Muddy Creek, Perquimans River, the only subpart of the Perquimans
Watershed Group to have a designation other than by a number. This watershed
includes the land area on the east side of the Perquimans River from the Albemarle
Sound into northern portions of the County around Mill Creek. The predominant
land use is agriculture and forest land with clusters of residential uses along the
Perquimans River. Portions of Lands End are included, as well as Carolina Shores,
Long Beach Estates, Sueola Beach, Camp Perry Road, White Hat Road, Yates Lane,
Billy's Beach and Mathews Acres. The major portion of Winfall is also located in
this watershed, as is the community of New Hope. There is a Wildlife Boat Ramp
located south of New Hope and a small boat ramp at the end of White Hat Road.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page; 7

The northern portion of this watershed contains the largest area of prime farmland in
the County; specifically, north of the intersection of Swamp Road and 4 Mile Desert
Road. There are no prime farmlands in the southern portion of this watershed. This
watershed is rated as Fully Supporting (FS).
6. Little River, Hall Creek Watershed 03010205070010
The Little River, Hall Creek watershed includes the land area southwest of the upper
reaches of the Little River. The western edge of the Little River is primarily forest
area, with much of the remaining land area in agricultural use. The small
communities of Parkville, Chapanoke and Woodville are located in this watershed.
A railroad line and portion of U.S. 17 highway run east and west through this
watershed:
The Natural Area Assessment Map shows anadromous fish spawning areas along
upper reaches of Little River. This watershed also contains three small areas of
prime farmland adjacent to the Little River. This watershed is rated as Partially
Supporting (PS). '
7. Deep Creek. Little River Watershed 03010205060020
The land area in this watershed is located on the southwestern side of the Little
River. Much of this land area is in forest land or agriculture. Little River Shores is
a small waterfront residential development located just southeast of Deep Creek.
The remaining portions of the waterfront along the river are undeveloped. The
southernmost point of this watershed contains a portion of Lands End at the
Albemarle Sound waterfront.
The Natural Area Assessment Map shows submerged aquatic vegetation at the
southern end of the Little River and anadromous fish spawning areas at Deep Creek
and along the upper reaches of the Little River. There are three relatively small areas
of prime farmland located north of Deep Creek. This watershed is rated as Partially
Supporting (PS).
8. Bethel Creek, Yeopim Creek Watershed 03010205080010
The Bethel Creek; Yeopim Creek watershed is located on the northern side of the
Yeopim River and contains three of the County's largest residential developments
which are Albemarle Plantation, Holiday Island and Snug Harbor. This watershed
also contains most of Harvey Point and the community of Bethel. Much of this
watershed is either forest land or agriculture. Other waterfront residential
developments include River View Park and Bethel Fishing Center. A boat launch
facility is available for a fee at Bethel Fishing Center. Snug Harbor, Holiday Island
and Albemarle Plantation all have marina facilities.
The Natural Area Assessment Map shows that this watershed contains anadromous
fish spawning areas along Frank Creek, Yeopim Creek and the Yeopim River. Two
Natural Heritage Areas are located in the watershed, one of State significance and
one of regional significance. The area also contains five areas of prime farmland,
four of which are located adjacent to Frank Creek. This watershed is rated as Fully
Supporting (FS).
9. Burnt Mill Creek Watershed 03010205110010
This watershed is located in the western part of the County adjacent to the Chowan
I M Perquintans County Land Use Plan Page: 8

County line and north of the upper reaches of the Yeopim River. Land use is
predominantly agricultural, with a narrow band of forest land along the Yeopim
River. The Natural Area Assessment Map shows one area of prime farmland
southeast of U.S. 17. This watershed is rated as Not Supporting (NS).
10. Goodwin Mill Creek Watershed 03010205100010
This watershed is located on the western side of the County adjacent to the Chowan
County line. This watershed drains into the Perquimans River by way of Goodwin
Mill Creek and its tributaries. The land use is predominantly agricultural and forest
land. The Natural Area Assessment map shows six areas of prime farmland
concentrated primarily along the edge of Goodwin Creek. This watershed is rated
as Fully Supporting (FS).:
D. Existing Water Conditions
Based on the Water Quality Use Classes Map produced by the North Carolina Division of
Coastal Management dated September 29, 1997, the Little River from the Albemarle Sound
northwest is classified SC waters, as is Suttons Creek on the east side of the Perquimans
River, the upper reaches of the Perquimans River at Hertford, and the Yeopim River and
tributary northeast of Snug Harbor at the Yeopim River. A large portion of the Perquimans
River south of the 17 Bypass bridge at Hertford and all of the Albemarle Sound adjacent to
Perquimans County are classified SB waters..
1. SC Waters
SC Waters have the following characteristics:
Best Uses
Aquatic life propagation;
Secondary recreation, including recreational fishing, boating, and water -related
activities involving minimal skin contact.
Recreational Activities
Protected for:
Low intensity skin contact, such as informal swimming areas;
Boating/marina development;
Recreational fishing and water craft.
2. SB Waters
SB Waters have the following characteristics:
Best Uses
Primary recreation activities such as swimming, which occur on a frequent or
organized basis;
plus SC Best Uses
Recreational Activities
Protected for:
Swimming, snorkeling, etc.
Marina development, depending on local fishery and swinuning activities.
Recreational fishing and water craft.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 9

3. Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW) and Shellfish Beds
There are no Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW) or Shellfish Beds located in
Perquimans County.
E. Wetlands
The Wetlands Map for Perquimans County produced by the N. C. Division of Coastal
Management and dated September 29, 1997, from the National Wetlands Inventory, reflects
five wetland classifications present in the County.
1. Head water Swamps.
Wooded, riverine systems along first order streams. These include hardwood
dominated communities with moist soil most of the year. Channels receive their
water from overland flow and rarely overflow their own banks.
This type of swamp is located north of Windfall and two areas in northeastern
section of County in the Perquimans River watershed. There is one small area
southwest of Windfall in the Muddy Creek Perquimans River watershed and two
small areas southeast of a small tributary off the. Little River in the Deep Creek
watershed.
2. Bottom land Hardwoods.
Seasonally flooded forested or occasionally scrub/shrub areas usually occurring in
floodplains. Typical species include hickories, oaks (overcup, water, laurel, swamp
chestnut), sweet gum, green ash, cottonwoods, willows, river birch, and occasionally
pines; or
3. Swamp Forest.
Riverine and non-riverine forested or scrub/shrub communities which are semi -
permanently flooded, including temporarily flooded depressional systems. Typical
species include Taxodium spp., Nyssa spp., Fraxinus Pennsylvania, Acer rubrum
and Carya aquatica.
This type of swamp is located throughout the County, with significant
concentrations along the Perquimans River west of Hertford, along the upper
reaches of the Little River between Perquimans and Pasquotank County and along
tributaries that empty into the Little River, Perquimans River and Yeopim River.
:! Hardwood Flats.
Poorly drained inter stream flats not associated with rivers or estuaries. Seasonally
saturated by high water table or poor drainage. Species vary greatly but often
include Liquidambar styraciflua and Acer rubrum.
This swamp type is also found throughout the County, with larger areas
concentrated at the upper reaches of two tributaries on the northern side of the
Perquimans River. Isolated areas of hardwood flat swamps are found between the
Yeopim River and U.S. 17 highway and throughout portions of the northeastern part
of the County.
5. Pine Flats.
Palustrine, seasonally saturated pine communities on hydric soils that may become
quite dry for part -of the year. Generally on flat or nearly flat interfluves. Usually
dominated by Pinus taeda. This category does not include managed pine systems.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 10

There are two areas of the County where this type of. pine flat swamp occurs. The
first is on the western side of the Perquimans River north of Hertford. The second
small area is located north of the Yeopim River and west of the tributary between
Snug Harbor and Albemarle Plantation.
6. Managed Pinelands.
Seasonally saturated, managed pine forests (usually Pinus taeda) occurring on
hydric soils. Managed pinelands are found throughout the County with the largest
concentration being in the western part of the County near the Chowan County line
and northwest of U.S. 17 and west of Hertford. The other major concentrations are
located in the southeastern part of the County between the Perquimans River and
Yeopim River.
These wetlands, to a varying degree, are important in providing areas for water
storage, wildlife habitat, and water quality functions based on the Wetlands
Conservation Plan currently being developed by. the Division of Coastal
Management.. "
F. Major Platted Subdivisions Not Yet Developed .
Based on information provided by the County Manager, there are two major platted
subdivisions not yet developed in Perquimans County. Albemarle Plantation has plans to
expand, adding an additional 600 lots over the nest 20 years and Perquimans County and
the Towns of Hertford and Winfall are cooperating to develop a 400 acre Commerce
Center(industrial/recreational park) at the south edge of the Town of Hertford.
G. Significant Land Use Compatibility Problems
Perquimans County continues to remain a predominantly rural county with extensive
farming operations and managed timber operations throughout the County. As more people
move into new subdivisions being approved throughout the County, the owners of farm
operations are finding more and more concerns being raised over conflicts between
residential development and normal farm operations and their associated smells and sounds.
The trend toward more intensified livestock operations is an increasing concern, as there are
no controls placed on livestock operations.
Another issue raised during the public information meeting on March 10, 1998, was a
concern with the number of towers providing cellular phone service being constructed in the
County. Many felt these towers were not compatible with the county's rural setting,.
Another issue raised during public meetings was the lack of County zoning which creates
conditions that allow incompatible uses such as auto repair shops or other uses adjacent to
residential subdivisions or residential uses. Many were displeased with the number of
manufactured homes being placed in the county and wanted some kind of control on the
placement of this type of housing.
At the same time these concerns are being raised, others attending the public meetings
expressed a concern that more growth is needed to create jobs, and thereby the opportunity
for more Perquimans County residents to prosper.
H. Significant Water Use Compatibility Problems
As discussed in an earlier section, anadromous fish spawning areas, which are important
fisheries habitats (spawning and nursery areas), and the areas and river stretches between
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 11

them and the open water through which the fish must pass to reach them, are sensitive to
activities within them that change the surrounding water quality. The spawning area north
of Snug Harbor, and water passage to it, could be affected by any change in water quality
that might take place at Snug Harbor Marina. This area is located in the Bethel Creek,
Yeopim Creek watershed.
Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) located primarily along the water's edge on the north
and south side of the Perquimans River oxygenates the water, filters and traps sediments
and utilizes excess nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water. Future
residential growth, plus excessive agricultural runoff, could have a detrimental affect on
SAV growth. The two areas of SAV are located on the edge of the Perquimans River in the
Muddy Creek, Perquimans River and Perquimans.River watershed areas.
L Significant Problems that have Resulted from Unplanned Development and that have
Implications for Future Land Use, Water Use or Water Quality
The most significant problem identified from unplanned development was the development
in the early 1970's of Holiday Island and Snug Harbor. Both subdivisions were developed
on soils with sever limitations for septic tank use and with very small lot sizes. Both these
developments occurred prior to the county adopting any kind of development controls and
any advanced knowledge of septic tank operations. Neither of these developments could
occur today at their originally platted densities, unless a centralized sewage collection and
treatment system were available.
I Areas Experiencing or Likely to Experience Changes in Predominant Land Uses.
Based on the Wetlands Map produced by the N. C. Division of Coastal Management dated
September 29, 1997, three large areas in the northeastern part of the County near the
Pasquotank County line have been cleared of hardwood flats. This clearing of hardwoods
has eliminated natural habitat for species of birds and other animals and water storage areas.
The intended use is not certain, but most likely would be to expand agricultural operations
in this very rural part of the County.
The most significant expansions of existing subdivisions noted during the land use
planning process was at Mathews Acres located on the northern side of the Perquimans
River. This expansion of the subdivision is on land adjacent to submerged aquatic
vegetation. Albemarle Plantation and the Albemarle Plantation Marina will continue to grow
in number of homes and number of boats used by homeowners. The Albemarle Plantation
Development group has purchased new acreage adjacent to Holiday Island subdivision and
plans a 600 lot expansion.
The proposed Perquimans Commerce Center planned for a large tract of land along the
southern side of the Perquimans River and east of Hertford will most likely create a major
change in land use from agriculture and wooded areas to building sites with required roads,
drainage, utilities and impervious surfaces for parking and service centers.
The greatest residential development pressures are occurring on lands on or near
Perquiman's many abundant water resources.
K. Significant Water Quality Conditions and the Connection Between Land Use and
Water Quality
As discussed in an earlier section of the Plan, Perquimans County has two water quality
classifications which are SC and SB. The best use for SC waters is aquatic life propagation,
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page. 12

with a secondary use being recreational fishing, boating and water -related activities involving
minimal skin contact.
With SC and SB waters supporting aquatic life propagation, spawning areas and
submerged aquatic vegetation that is important to maintaining water quality, future sound -
and riverside development must be sensitive to water quality by construction of low density
development with required buffers and detention pond facilities to reduce sediments running
directly into the rivers and sounds. Intensive, high -density livestock operations need to be
discouraged.
VI. Current Plans, Policies and Regulations
Unless otherwise noted all plans, policies and regulations discussed in this section also apply to the
Town of Winfall
A. Transportation Plans
Based on a January,1997, report called Status of Thoroughfare Planning, NC DOT
Statewide Planning Branch, Perquimans Couhty does not have an approved thoroughfare
plan. The widening of U.S. 17 through Perquimans County has been on the State
Transportation Improvement Plan (TIP) and is now nearing completion.
B. Water Supply Plans
The engineering firm of Diehl and Phillips, PA, continues to work with Perquimans County
and the Town of Winfall on water supply system plans.
The County presently has water distribution lines serving 90010 of the paved roads in the
County and has adopted a service extension policy to pay half the cost of water extension to
areas not now served. For new subdivision developments, the developers would pay the full
cost of water distribution service for the lots they are developing, the county would pay half
the cost to run water mains to the edge of the property if public water were not available.
The Towns of Winfall and Hertford and Perquimans County have an Intergovernmental
Agreements to share water supplies in emergency situations.
C. Solid Waste Plans
Perquimans County currently disposes of solid. waste through use of a transfer station at the
old landfill site near Belvidere. The Albemarle Regional Authority has solid waste removed
from the transfer station site to the landfill in Bertie County. The Albemarle Regional
Authority includes a seven -county area in northeastern North Carolina.
D. Sewerage Collection and Treatment Plans
The Town of Winfall has recently completed construction of a new sewage collection and
land application treatment system that serves all properties within the town's limits. All
existing water users within the town have connected to the system. All new water users
must be connected to the system
E. Floodway Ordinance
Perquimans County does not have a floodway ordinance; however, the county is an active
participant in the FEMA Flood Insurance Program
F. Open Space and Recreation Policy
Perquimans County does not have a written Open Space and Recreation Policy. The
current Land Use Plan referenced a 1968 report entitled Potential for Outdoor Recreation in
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 13

Perquimans County prepared by the Soil and Water Conservation Committee. The 1993
Land Use Plan also referred to a 1971 report entitled The Potential for Outdoor Recreation
in Perquimans County, also prepared by the County Soil and Water Conservation
Committee.
G. Land Use Plan
Now in its fourth update, the plan presents data illustrating the current growth patterns at the
time of its preparation, formally states official policies regarding specific development and
resource protection issues, and classifies and maps land areas within the county for its most
desirable intensity of development.
H. Development Regulations
1. Zoning
Perquimans County nor the Town of Winfall do not now have any Zoning
Regulations.
2. Subdivision Ordinance
The Perquimans County Subdivision Regulations were adopted by the County
Commissioners on July 1, 1990. The regulations include legal provisions,
procedures for review and approval of any subdivision of land in the County. The
regulations also include design standards and definitions.
Article V, Section 501, of the regulations establishes procedure and requirements for
providing waterfront lots for water access to interior lot owners through common
ownership or dedication to the County if the County Commissioners agree to accept
and maintain such lots during the preliminary approval process.
3. Mobile Home Park Ordinance
The Mobile Home Park Ordinance for Perquimans County was adopted July, 1987.
The ordinance contains general provisions, definitions, registration pen -nit,
applicability of ordinance and specifications for mobile home parks.
4. Group Housing2lanned it Development (PUD) Policy
The County Subdivision Regulations define a Planned Unit Development (PUD) as
a land development project comprehensively planned as an entity via a unitary site
plan which permits flexibility in building siting, mixtures of building types and land
uses, recreational areas and usable open spaces and the preservation of significant
natural features. Included within this definition shall be planned unit residential.
developments and planned unit non-residential developments or combination
thereof. Although PUDs are defined in the Subdivision Ordinance, there appears. to
be no criteria given on which to base reviews of PUD layouts..
L Historic District Ordinance
County officials have recently appointed an Historic District Committee to pursue
establishment of several historic areas in the County. The County does not have an Historic
District Ordinance.
J. Septic Tank Ordinance
The County Health Department is responsible for review and approval of septic tanks
unless size of proposed system requires State approval.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 14

K Ordinance to Regulate Junkyards and Junked or Abandoned Motor Vehicles
This ordinance was adopted by the Board of Commissioners on March 6, 1995. The
ordinance includes the purpose, definitions and jurisdiction of the ordinance. It also
includes enforcement of regulations to require removal of junked or abandoned vehicles.
VII. CONSTRAINTS
A. Land Suitability
This section of the Land Use Plan identifies physical limitations for development such as
flood prone areas, areas with severe soil limitations or steep slopes, or areas that are deemed
environmentally sensitive. The purpose of this identification and analysis is to assist in the
classification and mapping of land areas for various use intensities. This section also
identifies certain existing manmade developments that would present aparticular hazard or
particular concern to future developments, such as tank farms, airports, or nuclear power
plants.
1. Manmade Hazard Areas
There are no public or private airports or tank farms located in Perquimans County.
EPA regulations require facilities with chemicals on the EPA's list of Extremely
Hazardous Substances present in a quantity equal to or in excess of their established
Threshold Planning Quantity or a 500 pound threshold (whichever number is less),
as well as any hazardous chemical present on site in a quantity equal to or greater
than 10,000 pounds to be included on an annual Tier II. This report must be
submitted by March 1, of each year to the North Carolina Emergency Response
Commission, the Local Emergency Planning Committee, and the local fire
department with jurisdiction over the reporting facility.
A list of those facilities in Perquimans County completing Tier H reports in 1996
follows.
facility Name Address SIC
Crossroads Fuel Service US 17 North
Hertford, N.C. 27944 5541
Harvey Point Defense Route 5, Box 175
Testing Hertford, N.C. 27944 9711
Lebanon Agricorp Albemarle Street
Winfall, N.C. 27985519 5191
Southern States 1107 Ballahack Road
Hertford, N.C. 27944 .5191
Trade Mart #34 Church Street Extension
Hertford, N.C. 27944 5541
2. Natural Hazard Areas
The FEMA Flood Hazard Areas as identified on the FEMA Flood Hazard Maps
and the steep River Bluffs along the western shore of the Perquimans River are the
only natural hazard areas in the County. Based on a review of DCM maps provided
to the County in the Land Use Planning Information Packet, there are no other.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 15

known natural hazard areas in the County.
3. Soil Limitations
Of the 35 soil types found in Perquimans County, only five have moderate or slight
limitations for septic tanks, with the remaining 30 soil types having severe
limitations. The Septic Suitability of Soils map produced by DEM and dated
September 29,1997, reflects that the major part of the County has severe limitations
for septic tanks.
4. Water Supply Areas
a Public Water Supply Watershed
The Drinking Water Supply map provided by DEM dated September 29,
1997, indicates that there are no water supply watershed protected or critical
areas.
1?1 Public and Community Supply Well fields
Perquimans County has four existing wells and one proposed well clustered
in or near Bethel which include the following:
Well #1
Well #2
Well #3
Long Well
Chappel Well (future)
The County water plant is located east of Winfall on SR 1220. There are
five wells located in or near Winfall which include the following:
Cotton Gin Well
Church Well
Miller Well
Hurdle Well
Field Well
5. Slopes Exceeding 12%
River bluff areas along the western shore of the Perquimans River are the only ares
with slopes near or exceeding 12%.
6. Shoreline Areas with High Erosion Potential
The Lands End section of the County along the Albemarle Sound historically has
experienced high erosion rates due to wind tides.
7. Watersheds Which Drain into Nutrient Sensitive Waters, Outstanding Resource
Waters, Primary Nursery Areas, High Quality Waters or SA Waters
The lower portion of Deep Creek/Little River watershed at Lands End drains into
waters containing submerged aquatic vegetation. The upper area drains into
anadromous fish spawning areas (AFSA). The Perquimans River watershed and
Muddy Creek/Perquimans River watershed drain into the Perquimans River, which
contains areas with submerged aquatic vegetation and AFSA areas at the upper end
of the Perquimans River near Hertford and along Sutton Creek on the north side of
the Perquimans River.
The Bethel Creek, Yeopim Creek watershed drains into the Yeopim River which
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 16

contains AFSA areas along the river's edge and in Frank Creek and Yeopim Creek.
B. Fragile Areas
Fragile coastal natural resource areas are generally recognized to be of educational,
scientific, or cultural value because of the natural features of the particular site. These
features in the coastal area serve to distinguish the area designated from the vast majority of
coastal landscape and therein establish its value. Such areas may be key components of
systems unique to the coast.which act to maintain the integrity of that system.
Areas that contain outstanding examples of coastal processes or habitat areas of significance
to the scientific or educational communities are a second type of fragile coastal natural
resource area. These areas are essentially self-contained units or "closed systems"
minimally dependent upon adjoining areas.
Finally, fragile areas may be particularly important to a locale either in an aesthetic or
cultural sense. Fragile coastal cultural resource areas are generally recognized to be of
educational, associative, scientific, aesthetic or cultural value because of their special
importance to our understanding of past human settlement, such as the Newbold -White
House, and of their interaction with the coastal zone. Their importance serves to
distinguish the designated areas as significant among the historic architectural or
archaeological remains in the coastal zone, and therein established their value.
1. Coastal Wetlands
The Division of Coastal Management (DCM) wetland data were developed to assist
planners in guiding growth away from environmentally sensitive areas. The data are
derived from remotely sensed data and should not be used for jurisdictional wetland
determinations or as a substitute for specific site delineations. While every effort
was made to provide accurate information, errors are inevitable. The data are a
planning tool, and as such, should not be used at inappropriate scales.
Of the 12 wetland classifications defined by DCM, Perquimans County contains the
following based on the Wetlands map produced by DCM dated September 29,
1997:
Head water swamps
Bottom land hardwood or swamp forests
Hardwood flats
Pine flats
Section V, Data Collection and Analysis (Present Conditions) B.3, contains
definitions and locations of each of the four wetland areas in the County.
2. Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shorelines
Estuarine waters are defined in G.S. 113A-113(b)(2). The boundaries between
inland and coastal fishing waters are set forth in an agreement adopted by the
Wildlife Resources Commission and the Department of Environment, Health and
Natural Resources and in the most current revision of the North Carolina Marine
Fisheries Regulations for Coastal Waters, codified at 15A NCAC 3Q.0200
Estuarine waters are the dominant component and bonding element of the entire
estuarine system, integrating aquatic influences from both the land and the sea.
Estuaries are among the most productive natural environments of North Carolina.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page; 17

They support the valuable commercial and sports fisheries of the coastal area which
are comprised of estuarine dependent species such as menhaden, flounder, shrimp,
crabs and oysters. These species must spend all or some part of their life cycle
within the estuarine waters to mature and reproduce. Of the ten leading species in
the commercial catch, all but one are dependent on the estuary.
Estuarine shorelines, although characterized as dry land, are considered a component
of the estuarine system because of the close association with the adjacent estuarine
waters. Estuarine shorelines are those non -ocean shorelines which are especially
vulnerable to erosion, flooding, or other adverse effects of wind and water and are
intimately connected to the estuary. This area extends from the mean high water
level or normal water level along the estuaries, sounds, bays, and brackish waters as
set forth in an agreement adopted by the Wildlife Resources Commission and the
Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources for a distance of 75 feet
landward.
Development within estuarine shorelines influences the quality of estuarine life and
is subject to the damaging processes of shore front erosion and flooding. The
management objective of the estuarine shoreline is to ensure shoreline development
is compatible with both the dynamic nature of estuarine shorelines and the values of
the estuarine system.
Estuarine waters and estuarine shorelines exist along the Little River, Perquimans
River up to the U.S. 17 Bypass bridge, the Yeopim River and its tributaries.
3. Public Trust Waters
Public trust areas are all natural bodies of water subject to measurable lunar tides
and lands thereunder to the mean high watermark; all navigable natural bodies of
water and lands thereunder to the mean high water level or mean water level as the
case may be, except privately -owned lakes to which the public has no right of
access; all water in artificially created bodies of water containing significant public
fishing resources or other public resources which are accessible to the public by
navigation from bodies of water in which the public has rights of navigation; and all
waters in artificially created bodies of water in which the public has acquired rights
by prescription, custom, usage, dedication, or any other means.
Public trust areas for Perquimans County include the Little River and navigable
tributaries, Perquimans River and navigable tributaries and creeks, Yeopim River and
navigable tributaries and creeks and the Albemarle Sound.
4. Complex Natural Areas
Coastal complex natural areas are defined as lands that support native plant and
animal communities and provide habitat qualities which have remained essentially
unchanged by human activity. Such areas may be either significant components of
coastal systems or especially notable habitat areas of scientific, educational, or
aesthetic value. They may be surrounded by landscape that has been modified but
does not drastically alter conditions within the natural area. Such areas may have
been altered by human activity and/or subject to limited future modifications, e.g. the
placement of dredge spoil, if the CRC determines that the modifications benefit the
plant or animal habitat or enhance the biological, scientific or educational values
which will be protected by designation as an AEC. There are no known complex
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page. 18

natural areas in Perquimans County.
S. Areas that Sustain Remnant Species
Coastal areas that sustain remnant species are those areas that support native plants
and animals which are threatened to be rare or endangered. There are no known
areas in Perquimans County that sustain remnant species.
6. Areas Containing Unique Geologic Formations
Unique coastal geologic formations are defined as sites that contain geologic
formations that are unique or otherwise significant components of coastal systems,
or that are especially notable examples of geologic formations or processes in the
coastal area. There are no known unique coastal geologic formations in Perquimans
County.
7 Scenic and Prominent High Points
There are numerous scenic points throughout the County, but no known designated
prominent high points or scenic points.
8. Archaeologic and Historic Sites
Significant coastal historic architectural resources are defined as districts, structures,
buildings, sites or objects that have more than local significance to history or
architecture. Such areas will be evaluated by the North Carolina Historical
Commission in consultation with the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC).
Perquimans County has numerous historic structures, including the Newbold -White
House, the oldest structure in North Carolina. A Listing of structures on the
National Register of Historic Places or on the study list for such designation are
located in the appendix of this document. (See Appendix for list.)
There are no known archaeological sites in Perquimans County.
2 Natural Heritage Program Areas
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program of the Division of Parks and
Recreation works to identify and facilitate protection of the most ecologically
significant natural areas remaining in the State. Natural areas may be identified
because they provide important habitat for rare species or because they contain
outstanding examples of the rich natural diversity of this State.
Natural Heritage Priority Areas with State significance are located adjacent to the
Perquimans River in the Muddy Creek, Perquimans River watershed and northwest
of the Wildlife Boat Access site. The largest site of State significance is located
along a tributary leading into the Albemarle Sound and east of Holiday Island in the
Bethel Creek, Yeopim Creek watershed.
A site with regional significance is located north of Snug Harbor and west of Frank
Creek in the Bethel Creek, Yeopim Creek watershed.
10. Anadromous Fish Spawning Areas
The Sensitive Habitats Map for Perquimans County produced by the N. C. Division
of Coastal Management dated September 19, 1997, reflects several areas of the
County with anadromous fish spawning areas. These areas are identified as
important fisheries habitats (spawning and nursery areas), and are especially
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 19

sensitive to activities within them and changes in surrounding water quality.
Anadromous fish are saltwater fish that spawn in fresh waters. It is important to
note that not only the spawning areas are important, but the areas and river stretches
between open water and these spawning areas are also important to these species,
since they must pass through them to get to their spawning grounds.
The spawning areas are located along both sides of the Little River northwest of the
Southern Shores development. They are also found along both sides of the
Perquimans River from west of the Perquimans Business Center site to the upper
reaches of the Perquimans River and along both sides of the Yeopim River and the
..large tributary north of Snug Harbor. A small area is also located along Sutton
Creek on the north side of the Perquimans River.
11. Submerged Aquatic Vegetation
The network of leaves, stems and roots in a bed of submerged aquatic vegetation
(SAV) oxygenates the water, filters and traps sediments, and utilizes excess nutrients
such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water. These processes increase clarity in
the water and improve the conditions for more SAV growth.
SAV provides an abundance of food and shelter and attracts a wide variety of fish
and wildlife. For example, largemouth bass utilize the grass beds of Albemarle
Sound, while in saltier Core Sound, bay scallops attach to the leaves and stems of
SAV. Osprey, egrets, herons and gulls are often seen fishing in these grass beds,
while many ducks, swans, and geese consume SAV as a major portion of their diet.
Based on the Sensitive Habitat Map, SAV's are located at the eastern tip of
Perquimans County between the Little River and Perquimans River. They are also
found along much of the northern and southern edge of the Perquimans River.
C. Areas with Resource Potential
This section generally identifies those areas of the county where the greatest production
potential for extractive uses, such as mining„ lumbering„ farming, fishing, trapping or
hunting.
I. Productive and Unique Agricultural Lands (Prime Farmland)
Based on the Prime Farmland Map prepared by the Division of Coastal
Management dated September 29, 1997, Perquimans County has prime farmland
throughout the County, with concentrations in the northern portion of the
Perquimans River and Muddy Creek, Perquimans River watersheds. Goodwin Mill
Creek watershed on the western edge of the County also contains substantial areas
of prime farmland. The southern portion of Burnt Mill Creek watershed and areas
adjacent to Frank Creek in the Bethel Creek, Yeopim Creek watershed contain
smaller areas of prime farmland.
2. Potentially Valuable Mineral Sites
There are no known mineral sites in Perquimans County.
3. Publicly Owned Forests
There are no known publicly owned forest areas in Perquimans County.
4. Parks
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 20

There are no State park sites in Perquimans County. There are two CAMA access
areas located on the Perquimans River in Hertford and one in Winfall.
5. Fish and Game Lands
Perquimans County does not contain any game lands. There is one Wildlife
Commission Boating Access Area 1.2 miles off of SR 1319.
D. Community Services Capacity
1. Wastewater Management
Wastewater in Perquimans County is handled primarily by individual septic tanks.
As discussed in earlier sections of the Plan, much of the County's soil is unsuitable
for septic tank use without modifications to the soil. Based on comments made
during the public participation process, citizens of the County are concerned about
protecting water quality and the estuarine waters of the County.
The Town of Winfall has just completed construction of a new wastewater facility to
treat sewage for that community. The community had previously relied on septic
tanks. All existing structures have been connected to the system and the existing
tanks pumped, crushed, and filled with sand. All new construction must connect to
the system.
2. Areas with Special Needs
The County is looking for ways to develop a central sewer system, while at the same
time putting County zoning in place prior to construction of a system to help direct
growth. Of particular concern are the large subdivisions located along the
Albemarle Sound, Holiday Island and Snug Harbor. Both subdivisions currently.
use septic tanks. Efforts are underway to locate financial assistance to provide a
central collection and wastewater treatment system to serve these areas.
Holiday Island subdivision, developed in 1969, contains 1300 single family lots and
669 Camping lots. each single-family lot being approximately 50'X100' or 5,000
square feet and the camping approximately 25'X40' or1,000 square feet. Since its
development only 371 single family homes have been built and all use on site
disposal systems (septic tanks). The campground has 189 developed lots and is
served by a non -discharging system comprised of 4,000 gpd extended aeration
package treatment plant and three wet land cells. Six comfort stations and 84 full
time residents living on these small lots are served by the package treatment plant.
Holiday Island has a notorious history of repeated septic tank failures on the single
family lots. Only two septic tank permits have been issued in the past ten years and
more than 60 have been turned down because of unsuitable soils and limited lot
sizes. At least 5 repair permits are requested each year to correct septic system
failures, but these often fail because of the small lots and the heavy mucky soils.
Perquimans County and the residents of Holiday Island have explored different
approaches to correcting the severe environmental problems plaguing this
development, but the cost has always been too prohibitive.
3. Drinking Water Supply
Nearly all of Perquimans County is served by the County water system. The Water
Supply Plan for Perquimans County completed in 1995 shows the County having
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page; 21

seven wells ranging in depth from 77' to 230'. All wells draw water from the
Yorktown aquifer. In 1992, the average daily water use for the County was 596,000
gallons per day, with two water treatment plants.
The following table shows the projected population and water use for 2000 through
2020, as well as the 1992 figures:
Avg Day Use Per Peak
Year Population. ( million gall Da
v
Use*
1992 6,469 .596 .631
2000 6,550 .625 .662
2010 7,000 .680 .721
2020 7,200 .705 .747
*A peak factor of 1.06 was multiplied to the average day total to calculate the peak day amount.
Source: Log -in NC (LNC)
The County is nearing completion of a 300,000 gallon elevated water tank located
near Albemarle Plantation. A new water main has been extended from Bethel water
plant to the new elevated tank. The existing Bethel plant, which has a capacity of
200 gallons per minute (gpm), will be replaced in one year with a 600 gpm plant.
Two new 400 gpm wells have been added to the Bethel plant. The Winfall plant,
which is a newer plant, has a capacity of 500 gpm. A new well has been added to
this plant. Following upgrade of the Bethel water plant, the County will be able to
meet its projected water needs well into the future.
4. Transportation
The Transportation Features map produced by DCM and dated September 29, 1997,
reflects the road network of Perquimans County. U.S. 17 Bypass is currently being
widened to four lanes which, when completed, will link Perquimans County to
Williamston to the west and the Virginia line to the ease and north with a four -lane
highway. Many of the secondary roads in the County have been upgraded from dirt
to paved roads in recent years, giving the County a road system that can meet its
needs during the planning period.
Perquimans Crossing is part of the North Carolina Scenic Byway system and runs
along 17 Business through Hertford.
5. Schools
The Perquimans County school system consists of four schools.
Table 8
Perquimans County School System
Design Enrollment
Grades Ca12aci1y Jan. 1998
Perquimans County Central Pre K-2
550
406
Hertford Grammar 3-5
550
458
Perquimans County Middle 6-8.
740
504
Perquimans County High 9-12
680
528
Total
1,896
Source: Perquimans County School Administration
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan page. 22

The existing Perquimans County Central School will be replaced in December,
1998, or January, 1999, with a new facility now under construction. Hertford
Grammar School is currently undergoing renovations and additions which are
scheduled to be completed prior to the 1998-99 school year. Enrollment in the
school system typically runs between 1,900 to 2,000 students per year.
6. Landfill
The Perquimans County Landfill site has been closed and capped. The site is now
being used as a transfer point by Waste Industries for temporary deposit of solid
waste by roll -off or front-end dumpsters. Perquimans County has a 20-year
contract to dispose of solid waste in Bertie County through contracted services with
Waste Industries. Waste is carried from the transfer site to Bertie County Landfill
by 18-wheel trucks. The County is approximately five years into its 20-year
contract.
7. Police
The citizens of Perquimans County are served by the County Sheriffs Department
which has one sheriff, one chief deputy, one DARE officer and five patrolling
officers. The department has eight cars ranging from 1992 to 1998 models.
Deputies work 12-hour shifts. Additional staff would eliminate need to work 12-
hour-shifts and would allow two officers during each shift in northern and southern
part of County. As the County grows, additional manpower may be needed.
8. Fire
Perquimans County is served by an all -volunteer fire department with six locations
throughout the County. The following table provides information on each
department, which each have a rural department insurance rating by the North
Carolina Department of Insurance of 9-S.
Table 9
Fire Department Equipment
Department
Belvidere Chapel Hill
28 — 30 volunteers
Bethel
20 volunteers
Durant's Neck
20 volunteers
Hertford
ui ment
Class A Pumper
1,000 gal. Tanker
500 gal. Small Pumper
4-Wheel Drive Truck
1998 1,200 gal. Pumper/
1,500 gal. Tanker
750 gal. Pumper
1,000 gal. Tanker
-1985 750 gal. Pumper
1988 1,000 gal. Tanker
Equipment Truck
1994 1,500 gal. Pumper/
1,000 gal. Tanker
Two-750 gal. Pumpers
1,250 gal. Tanker
3 Rescue Trucks
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 23

Inter -County 1997 1,250 gal. Pumper/
28 volunteers 1,500 gal. Tanker
(Station is 5 years old) 750 gal. Pumper
1,000 gal. Tanker
Rescue Truck
Winfall 1998 1,250 gal. Pumper/
23 volunteers 1,500 gal. Tanker
(New fire station) 750 gal. Pumper
1,000 gal. Tanker
Equipment Truck
The County is currently being served well by the six fire departments. As the
County grows, additional fire departments may be needed to serve areas like the
Albemarle Plantation, Snug Harbor and Holiday Island area.
Whenever the volunteers, providing service feel that response time to a particular
location is likely to become a problem, the volunteers petition the County Board of
Commissioners to establish a new volunteer district. The County Board then
recognizes the need and formally establishes the new fire district. Funding the new
district then becomes a fund raising exercise among the volunteers with county and
state financial assistance.
9_- Public Administration
Perquimans County has a County Manager, Board of Commissioners form of
government. The County has recently hired a full-time County Planner.
Administrative facilities are located primarily in the County Courthouse in Hertford
V1II. ESTIMATED DEMAND
A. Population and Economy
Population Projections/Seasonal Population
Table 10
Perquimans County Population Projections 2000-2010
13,000....
P 12,500 -
e
r 12,335
S 12,000
0
n 1 1 ,842
S 11,500
11,368
11,000
X�t
source: 2000 Official Census Figure
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 24

The Chart above uses the growth rate experienced during the previous decade to project
growth over the next decade. Using this approach to projections, the population should
grow by 474 persons during the five-year planning period,. By the year 2010, the
population is projected to be 12,335, which is an additional 494 people during the next five
years. A growth rate of less than I % or 97 persons per year.
Table 11
Perquimans County Building Permits 1990-1995
Single Two 3 or 4 5 or more
Family Family Families Families
1990 50 0 0 0
1991 32 0 0 0
1992 39 0 0 0
1993 67 0 0 6
1994 37 0 0 24
1995 69 0 0 0
1996
1997
1998 320
1999
2000
Total 614 0 0 30
Source: Log -in NC (LNC)
During the 1990-2000 period, ' 614 single family and thirty 5 or more family units were
constructed. With a population projection of 97 new people on average per year for the
next ten years, a building rate as experienced from 1990 through 1995 will be adequate to
handle demand. In fact, the growth rate of new dwellings exceeds the growth rate of people.
The 2000 census indicated that 10% of the dwellings in the county were for seasonal uses, it
seems that this trend is continuing.
I Local Objectives Concerning Growth
Based on input gained from public information meetings, Perquimans
County citizens wish to retain the rural residential character of the County
while at the same time encouraging more economic growth that would
benefit the community. - Citizens are also concerned that future growth be
directed in such a way that it does not adversely impact the environment or
water quality of adjacent rivers and sound.
l Foreseeable Social and Economic Change
Perquimans County, the Town of Hertford, and the Town of Winfall are
working jointly to develop a 300-acre business park on the Perquimans
River. This effort and promotion of other industrial sites in the County will
hopefully bring about more job opportunities during the five-year planning
period.
There is also new interest in promoting the significant historic assets of the
County in an effort to bring about more tourism. Local committees have
been working to establish new historic districts such as the Hertford
downtown area and revitalization of the Hertford CBD area.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page. 25

During public information meetings, interest was expressed by long-time
residents in having an assisted living facility for those that do not want to
continue to maintain large homes but want to remain in the County. Also, as
communities like Albemarle Plantation continue to have new retirees, the
County population will continue to grow in the number of older residents.
B. Future Land Needs
With the large land area available in the County and a small projected growth rate during the
planning period, future land needs should easily be met during the next five years.
C. Demand for Community Facilities and Services
As discussed in earlier sections of the Plan, the County is currently expanding the County-
wide water system, which should meet all water needs during the five-year planning period.
The Sheriffs Department and volunteer fire department are both serving the County well,
but each may need additional manpower if areas like Albemarle Plantation continue to grow.
The County school system is completing a new school and renovations and additions to an
existing school, which should be adequate to serve the average 1,900 to 2,000 students per
year.
IX. POLICY STATEMENTS
Background - The most important part of any land use plan, particularly those prepared under
North Carolina's Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA), is the formulation of specific policies
regarding growth management objectives. The policies attempt to strike a balance between the
desires and objectives of the locality and the objectives of the Coastal Area Management Program.
Land development policies, based on an analyses of existing conditions, of development constraints,
and of projected demands, provide guidance for future development decisions in Perquimans
County. Under CAMA, the overriding issue is managing the use and thus, preventing the misuse of
coastal resources. Perquimans County's special resources ( both natural and man-made) and the
constraints on their use were identified in the previous sections of the plan. The policy statements
contained in this section addresses the management and protection of these resources.
Recognizing the diversities which exist among the coastal communities, the Coastal Resources
Commission (CRC) requires each local government to outline specific development policies under
five broad categories, each with its own subset of policy areas. The five required topics, addressed
in order in this section, are:
Resource Protection
Resource Production and Management
Economic and Community Development
Continuing Public Participation
Storm Hazard Mitigation
It is important to understand the significance of local CAMA related policy statements and how
they interact with day-to-day activities of Perquimans County. Three areas are affected. First, the
policy statements will influence the issuance of CAMA minor and major permitting as required by
NCGS-113A-118 prior to undertaking any development in any Area of Environmental Concern.
Perquimans County must adopt policies which are, at a minimum, equal to and consistent with the
State's minimum use standards. The local government may, however, adopt minimum use standards
which are stricter than the State's and the local government's stricter standards can become the
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page; 26

determining factor whether a CAMA permit should be issued.
The second area of application is that of establishing local policies and regulations which guide
Perquimans County's growth and development. Under North Carolina legislation, land use plans
are not regulatory controls. Policy statements must be consistent with and implemented through
local land use ordinances such as zoning or subdivision ordinances which require public hearings
prior to any revisions.
The final area of application is that of "Consistency Review." Proposals and applications for state
and federal assistance or requests for agency approval of projects are normally reviewed against the
jurisdiction's land use plan to determine if the project is consistent with local policies.
Inconsistencies of a federal or state project with local policies can serve as grounds for denial or
revision of a project.
Community Vision Statement for Next Five- to Ten -Year Planning Period
Based on the public participation process, it is clear that the majority of property owners and
residents of Perquimans County envision the following principals for their community over the next
five -to. -ten-year planning period:
Encourage job, creation and economic growth;
Promote tourism as an avenue toward economic growth
Control growth;
Encourage and promote environmentally sensitive residential development;
Protect water quality of rivers, sound and creeks,
Improve drainage and sedimentation and erosion control,
Promote Historic assets to bring about more economic growth;
Prior to establishing Perquimans County policy on issues that affect the area, the Consultant
provided a summary of policy contained in the 1993 Land Use Plan (see Appendix, 1993 Policy
Summary) to the Perquimans County Planning Board with a request that they indicate any changes
they wanted to, see in policy as part of the 1998 Land Use Plan Update. Based on that review, the
Planning and Zoning Board indicated a need to improve policy statements or implementation
strategies for the following issues:
Areas of Environmental Concern
Soil Limitations
Flood Plain Development
Freshwater Swamps, Marshes
Man -Made Hazards, Nuisances
Off -Road Recreational Vehicles
Types and Locations of Industry Desired
Local Commitment to Provide Services to Development
Types of Urban Growth Patterns Desired
Commitment to State and Federal Programs in the Area
Assistance to Channel Maintenance and Beach Renourishment Projects
These policy statements were then revised and furnished to the Board for their review and comment.
Specific changes in language were included in bold type, and a copy can be found in the Appendix.
The following format was used to address each policy in the plan:
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page; 27

Findings:
A brief summary of the issues, relevant findings and, where applicable, alternative policy responses
Changes to previous policies are also noted.
Policy:
Statement(s) of local government policy are designed to achieve the public objectives related to the
issue. The policy statements are designed to, guide land use decisions in a consistent and
predictable direction.
Policy Implementation:
Method used by Perquimans County to implement policy.
The following policies are applicable to Perquimans County and, unless otherwise noted to the
Town of Winfall upon adoption of the 1998 Land Use Plan Update.
A. Resource Protection
Community Vision Statement on Resource Protection.
The citizens and local officials realize that health and continued vitality of its abundance of
water resources is critical in achieving any of the development objectives it has enumerated
or in maintaining the quality of life now enjoyed. Resource protection is critical in the
fulfillment of this community's dreams..
I. Issue: Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC) and Appropriate Land Use in
AECs
I Finding
Over the past 20-years the major portion of all new development has
occurred in areas that include one or more Areas of Environmental Concern.
It is safe to assume that during the planning period envisioned by this
document that the overwhelming majority of new development will again
occur in these areas. In addition to being the recognized Areas of
Environmental Concern identified by the Division of Coastal Management
these areas are the'location of most areas with serious environmental
constraints; such as:
Severe slopes;
Soil limitations
Natural Heritage Program areas
Anadromous fish spawning areas
Submerged aquatic vegetation
CAMA Management Objective
It is the objective of the Coastal Resources Commission to conserve and
manage estuarine waters, coastal wetlands, public trust areas, and estuarine
shorelines, as an interrelated group of Awakes so as to safeguard and
perpetuate their biological, social, economic, and aesthetic values and to
ensure that development occurring within these Awakes is compatible with
natural characteristics so as to minimize the likelihood of significant loss of
private property and public resources. Furthermore, it is the objective of the
Coastal Resources Commission to protect present common-law and
statutory public rights of access to the lands and waters of the coastal area.
1998 Perquirnans County Land Use Plan pager 28

b) Policy 1:
Perquimans County will continue to support and enforce, through its
CAMA Minor Permitting capacity, the State policies and permitted uses
in Areas of Environmental Concern (Awakes). Such uses shall be in
.accord with the general use standards for coastal wetlands, estuarine
waters, estuarine shorelines, and public trust areas as stated in Chapter
15A, Subchapter 7H of the North Carolina General Statutes
cl Implementation:
CAMA Minor Permitting Program. The local CAMA permitting officer will
insure applications are filled out correctly and guidelines are met, and refer
applicants to State CAMA office for major permits.
2. Issue: Constraints to Development Including Soil Limitations, Flood Prone
Areas, Hazardous and Fragile Land Areas
a) Findings:
A review of the Perquimans County Soils Report shows a substantial
percentage of County soils has limitations for septic tank use, building
foundations and road construction. Limitations are characterized by either
high water table, frequent and occasional flooding and thick clay horizons.
For the most part, streams and rivers in Perquimans County cut relatively
deep channels. Stream bank elevations, even along most of the broad
portion of the Perquimans River south of the "S" Bridge in Hertford, rise
steeply to elevations of 6' to 10' above mean sea level. Wind tides are the
most frequent cause of flooding in the County. Flooding generally occurs
along the short, minor tributaries draining into the Perquimans River and
along the northern section of the Perquimans River north of Hertford.
b) oli 2:
The County will continue to rely on existing Regional, State and
Federal regulatory programs to monitor and determine the
appropriateness of future development in the fragile land areas, flood
prone areas and soils with limitations to development.
c� Implementation:
The County, through its local Health Department, is actively managing an
annual inspection and monitoring of septic systems built on provisional
soils. The County will continue to enforce Health Department Regulations
concerning the installation of septic systems.
The County will consider alternative systems such as low pressure septic
systems. To minimize any hazardous conditions, the County will require
that all developments on soils with severe limitations be built using the most
responsible construction, design, and management techniques possible, and
will continue to require a certified engineered plan for septic system for
approval by the Health Department.
The County will request FEMA to review accuracy of flood maps. The
County will continue to enforce the FEMA Construction Standards in all
identified Flood Hazard Areas The County will prevent needless
development from occurring in identified flood plain areas. The County will
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 29

require additional elevation monuments to be placed in all subdivisions..
The County will continue to enforce the rules and regulations of the Flood
Insurance Program and use Local, CAMA permit, and 404 wetland permit
regulations to regulate development in Fragile land areas
3. Issue: Freshwater Swamps and Marshes
Findings:
Freshwater swamps and marsh lands cover over 10% of Perquimans
County. Development in or near these wetland areas is controlled by the
County's subdivision regulations, by Health Department regulations, and by
the CAMA and 404 Wetlands permitting process.
The major land use threats to the swamp lands come from erosion and
agricultural runoff. These swamps contain large stands of Bald Cypress and
Gum. The natural nutrient load in these waters is very rich, making them
extremely susceptible to additional nutrient loads caused by the runoff.
b! Policy 3:
The County will continue to encourage the use of Best Management
Practices as recommended by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service in
both forest and agricultural land management in order to minimize
damage by either of these two vital County economic activities. The
County will encourage developers to set aside these fragile areas for
preservation and protection as' passive community open space.
,cl Implementation:
The County will rely on the development regulations it now has in force to
control residential, commercial, and industrial development in these wetland
areas.
The County will amend its Subdivision Regulations to require that
developers submit plans to CAMA or Corps of Engineers for review prior to
local approval if CAMA wetlands or 404 wetlands are located on site.
The County will encourage the local Soil Conservation District to maintain
an ongoing educational program that emphasizes the techniques of Best
Management Practices for forestry and farm management.
4. Issue Cultural and Historical Resources
a) Findings:
Perquimans County has over 75 sites that are considered to be of historic
value. Ten of these are listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
There is currently substantial interest in promoting the area's history and
historic sites as a means to increase tourism. (See Appendix for list of
structures or sites on or being considered for the National Register.)
b Z Polic� 4:
The County will support the efforts of the Historic Preservation
Committee to establish several historic districts now being considered.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 30

t1 Implementation:
The County will support efforts to promote historic sites and structures in
Perquimans County. The County, will work with DOT in obtaining highway
signs directing the motoring public to historic areas once established.
5. Issue: Use of Package Treatment Plants
a) Findings:
The Regional Health district in charge of monitoring and policing sewage
treatment facilities treating 3,000 gallons per day or less. There are no
systems treating less than 3,000 gpd in the county and under the supervision
of the District Health Department. One package system in operation serves
the camping lots in Holiday Island, this system can process 4,000 gpd and is
under the regulatory domain of the Division of Environmental Management.
Polic,L
The County will rely on the permitting activities of the' Department of
Health and the Division of Environmental Management to control the
installation, placement, and operation of sewage package treatment
plants. The County will encourage the use of land application type
community systems for its larger subdivision developments.
,c) Implementation:
The County will continue to require a certified engineered plan for any
proposed package treatment plants and State approval as applicable.
6. Issue: Protection of Potable Water Supply
a) Findings:
Protection of potable water supplies is a primary concern in Perquimans
County. The Perquimans County water system draws its water from wells
penetrating the Upper Yorktown Aquifer; therefore, the protection of this
aquifer is important to the provision of adequate and safe drinking water.
.b) Polict6.
The County shall cooperate fully with all State and federal agencies to
protect the ground water supplies in the County.
l) Implementation:
The County will rigorously enforce the public facility service requirements
of its Subdivision Regulations and work closely with the District
Department of Health to insure that ground water supplies are not threatened
by poor placement or inadequate filtration of septic systems. This is being
checked annually by the County Health Department. Of particular concern
is the threat caused by septic tank failure.
7. Issue: Stormwater Run-off Residential Development.
tl Findings:
Surface run-off from residential areas is not a significant problem in
Perquimans County at this time. The County is primarily rural, with the
only incorporated areas being Hertford and Winfall. The terrain of the
County is generally level.
Residential development pressures have not been severe. Residential
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 31

densities are restricted to a maximum of one unit per 15,000 feet. The
amount -of development and its densities do not pose any great threat to the
surface waters in the region at this time. .
Policy 7.•
It shall be the policy of Perquimans County to regulate residential
subdivisions so as to prevent the overburdening of existing waterways
and drainage systems by excessive surface run-off, with particular
attention to fragile areas of the County.
8. Issue: Marina, Floating Home Development, and Dry Stack Storage
at Findings:
Perquimans County currently has two marinas. One marina is located at
Snug Harbor and one at Albemarle Plantation. The Perquimans 20/20
Strategic Planning Committee has discussed developing a marina near
Hertford as a way to aid in promoting tourism in the County. There have
also been discussions of a marina at the new Commerce Center south of
Hertford. The County will support the location of a marina in Perquimans
County. The County will also support the establishment of dry stack
storage facilities.
b1 Polk! 8:
Perquimans County supports construction of marinas with County
waters if all County, State and federal permits are obtained. The size of
the marina must be appropriate to the width and depth of body of water
on which it is located and not present a hazard to navigation. Dry stack
marinas are also encouraged.
c! Implementation:
The County will request the Industrial Development Director to investigate
possible marina as part of Commerce Center.
9. Issue: Industrial Impact on Fragile Areas
a� Findinns:
All manufacturing industries in Perquimans County are currently located in
Hertford or Winfall. The County, in cooperation with Hertford and Winfall,
is in the early stages of developing a new Commerce Center located on the
Perquimans River south of Hertford. This site was selected due to location
in relation to highway system, waterfront and utilities which will be extended
from the Town of Hertford.
b1 Polia 9:
County policy is to develop the new Commerce Center, while being
sensitive to the land and water environment, to create improved
economic opportunities for Perquimans County citizens. The County
would support mooring buoys at the Commerce Center waterfront if
they are an integral part of the Commerce Centers development.
•cl Implementation:
County Commissioners will continue to encourage the Industrial
Development Commission and Director to develop a Commerce Center that
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan pager 32

is sensitive to the environment.
B. Resource Production and Management .
1. Issue: Productive Agricultural Lands
a) Findings:
Most of the County is suitable for agricultural production. The agricultural
areas with the fewest production limitations, according to soil association
characteristics, occur between Mills Creek and Sutton's Creek and along the
Perquimans River and its tributary streams and their wetlands.
Productive farm lands are in great abundance in Perquimans County and, as
yet, have not been seriously threatened by unreasonable or unmanageable
residential or commercial growth. Prime farmland is also found in
abundance through much of the County.
b 1 Policy 10:
Perquimans County's productive agricultural lands are not being
threatened by unreasonable or unmanageable urban growth; however, it
shall be the County's policy_ to encourage land owners to keep their
lands in productive agricultural use.
it Implementation:
The County will encourage continued productive use of agricultural land by
granting preferential tax relief to farmed lands through Land Use Plan
prepared for tax appraiser. The County will also investigate the possible use
of zoning as a means of protecting and preserving its farm lands.
2. Issue: Commercial Forest Land
a) Findings:
The current Land Use Plan makes reference to the N. C. Forestry Service
statistic that showed 102,000 acres of forest land in Perquimans County. By
1983, this land decreased to 74,582 acres, with much of this loss resulting
from.forest land being cleared for agricultural use. Based on the Wetlands
map produced by DCM dated September 29, 1997, this trend continues.
Several large areas of hardwood flats have been or are being cleared in the
northern part of the County.
Reforestation, particularly hardwood trees, would provide new habitat for
wildlife, while at the same time add natural buffers if new forested areas
could be placed along existing wetlands, tributaries, creeks and rivers.
L Policy 11:
Perquimans County encourages the use of the most efficient and
productive forestry practices and strongly encourages reforestation as an
ongoing management practice. Perquimans County will also encourage
conservation of existing hardwood forests as animal habitat.
i1 Implementation
The County will provide land use value tax assessments to property owners
who maintain tracts of productive forest lands in areas with great
development potential. The County will request that the Soil Conservation
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 33

Service, Forest Service or Extension Service make information available to
land owners if federal or State programs exist with financial incentives to put
land areas adjacent to water bodies back into productive forests or protection
of existing hardwood forests.
3. Issue: Commercial and Recreational Fishing
al Findings:
Recreational fishing is a big tourist attraction for the County. Tournaments
are regularly held from the Hertford dock and attract many out-of-town
visitors. Commercial fishing is also important to the local economy, and the
County desires to support both.
b� Policv 12:
The County encourages commercial 'and recreational- fishing in its
waters and will cooperate with other local governments, State and
federal agencies to control pollution of these waters to. allow
commercial and recreational fishing to increase.
cj Implementation:
The County will work with the State Wildlife Commission and the CAMA
Public Beach Access program to provide public boating access for
recreational fishing.
4. Issue: Off -Road Recreational Vehicles
Findings
The current Land Use Plan indicates that off -road vehicles are not an issue
of concern. However, during the land use planning meeting held as part of
the Land Use Plan Update, a citizen expressed concern about off -road .
vehicles on farm property and damage to crops.
b1 Policv 13:
County policy will be to regulate unauthorized use of off -road vehicles
on residential and agricultural property.
t) Implementation:
The County Planning Board, in cooperation with Sheriffs Department, will
.review ordinances from other rural and agricultural, communities to
determine best approach to regulate use of unauthorized off -road vehicles on
private property.
The Planning Board will prepare and present recommended ordinance, if
appropriate, to County Commissioners for consideration following required
public notice and public hearings.
S. Issue: Residential and Commercial Land Development Impact on Resources
al Findings:
Residential development in Perquimans County occurs most frequently
along or near the Albemarle Sound and along the Perquimans River south of
the U.S. 17 Bypass.
Most recent commercial development in the County has occurred along the
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 34

U.S. 17 Bypass near Hertford. The most serious development impact to the
County's natural resources is the loss of agricultural and forest lands, and
this impact has been minimal.
Developments the size and scope of Albemarle Plantation could cause
serious impacts if not sited in a manner that will be sensitive to fragile areas.
b Z Policv 14:
The County will use its regulatory powers to insure that all new
developments are designed in such a way as to avoid any negative
impacts on fragile areas.
c) Implementation:
The County will look at utilization of Zoning Map and Zoning Ordinance to
help direct future growth away from prime farmlands and fragile land and
water resources.
C. Economic and Community Development
1. Issue: Types and Location of Industry Desired
a2 Findings:
The current Land Use Plan has a policy to solicit small, non -water intensive
industry to locate in the County. The current policy was to encourage
industry to locate near existing population centers or along major
transportation routes. Since 1993, the County, in cooperation with the
Towns of Hertford and Winfall, has established the Perquimans Commerce
Center located on the Perquimans River just east of Hertford and U.S. 17.
b i Policy 15.
Perquimans County, Hertford, Winfall and the Economic Development
Commission Executive Director will work jointly to develop the
Perquimans Commerce Center as well as other existing local industrial
sites. Mooring buoys, if beneficial to the development of the
Commerce Center, will be allowed if all local, State and federal permits
required can be obtained.
c) Implementation:
Details on issues such as annexation, utility extension and industrial types
will be resolved. The Economic Development Commission Executive
Director will continue to market the Commerce Center.
2. Issue: Local Commitment to Provide Services to Development
aZ Findings:
Perquimans County is currently in the process of making substantial.
improvements to the County water system. Improvements include a new
water plant at Bethel and two new wells with pumping capacity of 400.
gallons and 500 gallons per minute each. Two 1,000,OOO gallon water
storage tanks are currently being planned.
These improvements are part of the capital improvements program discussed
in the current Land Use Plan.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 35

The Perquimans County Subdivision Regulations require that all new
subdivisions have public water lines installed to service each lot if water is
available within a reasonable distance. The County determines what a
reasonable distance is by considering the size of the development and its
distance from existing water service.
All new water lines installed on public right-of-way will be dedicated to the
County.
b1 Policy 16:
The County will make incremental improvements to the water system
each year to keep abreast of demands on the system and will undertake
major improvements to the system ' when conditions warrant.
Implementation:
The County will follow a planned program of improvements to its water
system to keep abreast of system demand and to maintain optimum service
to its customers. Plans include the construction of a new treatment plant and
improvements to existing plants which are currently in progress.
3. Issue: Types of Urban Growth Patterns Desired
al Findings:
Perquimans County is a rural, predominantly agricultural County. The
County has established Subdivision Regulations that contain standards and
requirements for future residential development. The County has also
adopted a Mobile Home Park Ordinance to provide guidance in the
development of future mobile home parks. Currently the County does not
have zoning, which would, if adopted, identify appropriate locations for
residential as well as non-residential land uses in the County.
At the first public information meeting held on March 10, 1998, to discuss
the Land Use Plan Update, a concern was expressed by citizens in
attendance that Perquimans County does not have zoning to help establish
future growth patterns. An example was given that a welding shop or some
other commercial use can currently locate directly adjacent to a residential
use.
As the County continues efforts to encourage development of the Commerce
Center and more economic development from promotion of tourism, the
quality and appearance of future development in the County becomes more
important. Establishing County zoning will help urban growth patterns
develop that are desired by County citizens and officials, rather than allowing
a mixture of land uses that may be undesirable in the future.
b j Policv 17:
To protect the rural quality of life -enjoyed in Perquimans County, and
at the same time provide guidance for future residential and non-
residential development, the County may investigate establishing
zoning in all or portions of Perquimans County.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 36

c) Implementation:
County Commissioners may direct County Manager and County Planning
Board to investigate zoning ordinances from other rural communities for
possible use in formulating Zoning Ordinance and Zoning Map for County.
County may apply for CAMA planning funds to prepare Zoning Ordinance
and map for consideration. Planning Board and County Commissioners
may hold public meetings and public hearings to consider County zoning.
4. Issue: Redevelopment of Developed Areas .
Findings:
The only areas in the County that can be considered developed are the
Towns of Hertford and Winfall. Hertford has experienced commercial
growth along the U.S. 17 Bypass. Two of the major waterfront subdivisions
in the County, Snug Harbor and Holiday Island, have numerous platted lots
that are too small to use septic tanks by current State Health Department
regulations.
Substandard housing is scattered throughout the County, with the largest
areas of concentration being in the Towns of Winfall and Hertford. This
housing is being addressed through the Community Development Block
Grant Program (CDBG).
bl Policy 18:
The County will seek to eliminate substandard housing in the County.
,C1 Implementation:
The County will identify the extent and location of substandard housing in
the County and seek State and federal assistance to eliminate substandard
housing.
The County will continue to enforce the N. C. Building Code and the
County Minimum Housing Code as a means to reduce the frequency of
substandard housing.
5. Issue: Commitment to State and Federal Programs in the Area
a Findings:
It always has been the policy, of Perquimans County to cooperate with State
and federal agencies.
L Policy 19:
Perquimans County will continue to support State and federal programs
that benefit County citizens. The County ' strongly supports the
following programs:
Community Development Block Grant
Rural Development Agency
RC&D
Soil and Conservation Fund
CAMA Planning and Access Program
Department of Transportation TIP
Parks and Recreation Trust Fund (PARTF)
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 37

c) Implementation:
The County will continue to apply for matching grant funds that help
leverage local tax dollars for programs and facilities that benefit County
citizens.
6. Issue: Assistance to Channel Maintenance and Beach Nourishment Projects
a1 Findings:
Recreational and commercial fishing are an important part of the Perquimans
County economy. Adequate channel maintenance, when needed, is
important to support both recreational and commercial fishing activities.
b) Policy 20:
Perquimans County supports channel maintenance of the Perquimans
River.
J I_plementation:
None needed.
7. Issue: Tourism, Waterfront Access and Estuarine Access
J Findings:
Perquimans County does not control any points of access to any beach or
waterfront area. However, there are several private access points and road
ends controlled by the Department of Transportation. Tourism is growing
in significance and many believe, as expressed at public information
meetings, it holds great potential for economic growth.
The Town of Hertford presents an attractive, picturesque setting that could
be capitalized on if an extensive downtown revitalization and historic
preservation program could be successfully carried out. A Downtown
Revitalization Plan has been prepared, and waterfront improvements are
ongoing. All approaches to the Town afford scenic views. Waterfront
development is somewhat hampered by the U.S. 17 highway bridge, since
the span of the bridge is approximately 35 feet above the river, too low to
allow many of the larger vessels to pass under.
There has been recent discussion of developing a marina as partof the
planned Commerce Center.
b) Polio1:
The County believes that tourism offers great potential as a clean, safe
economic development strategy and supports those efforts underway by
citizen groups in the County to promote this strategy. Perquimans
County will support waterfront redevelopment.
cl Implementation:
The County will apply for a grant through the Division of Coastal
Management to study the possibilities of public waterfront access and lend
assistance to local governments in development of public waterfront access.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 38

8. Issue: Types, Density, Location, Units per Acre of Anticipated Residential and
Industrial Development and Services Necessary to Support Such Development
a1 Findings:
Development density in Perquimans County is controlled by Health
Department Regulations governing septic tank installations. Generally, the
minimum lot size in the County is 12,000 square feet for lots served by
public water and community sewer systems, 15,000 square feet for lots
served by public water only, and 25,000 square feet for lots not served by
either public water or community sewer. These minimums are based on the
general characteristics of soils in the County. Specific soil types and
specific sites may require additional land area for proper operation of the
septic systems. If additional land area is required for development, the lot
size minimum usually doubles, requiring 40,000 square feet.
The Towns of Hertford and Winfall, the camping section of Holiday Island
and the newly developed Albemarle Plantation are the only places in
Perquimans County that have public sewage facilities. These are the only
areas in the County where densities could exceed the one dwelling
unit/15,000 square feet County minimum.
Policy 22:
The County will direct higher density residential and high intensity
industrial development to locate near areas that can provide the essential
public facilities and service needed for their support. Most notably areas
with centralized wastewater collection and treatment and areas with
appropriate transportation facilities.
ll Implementation:
The County will consider the use of zoning regulations to guide higher
density residential and industrial development to areas most suited for these
types of land use.
D. Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery and Evacuation Plans
The CAMA Land Use Plan guidelines require that each coastal community evaluate the risk
associated with major storms and to consider policies for mitigating storm hazards, post -
disaster recovery and evacuations. The CAMA guidelines require consideration of
mitigation, reconstruction and evacuation issues.
Historically, the major natural disaster threat to the coastal area of North Carolina has been
hurricanes. Accordingly, the Perquimans County Hurricane Evacuation Plan has been
developed to cope with the effects of hurricanes and their accompanying storm surge.
The plan provides guidance to government officials, emergency services, and other agencies
within Perquimans County. It outlines specific responsibilities. in the event of a hurricane
threat or actual hurricane. The plan was developed in coordination with interested local,
State and federal agencies. The new technology and "tools" derived through the Eastern
North Carolina Hurricane Evacuation Study have been incorporated into the plan and
should aid decision makers during times of hurricane threat.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 39

As part of the planning process a Composite Storm Hazard Map has been prepared by
placing the 100-year flood line from Flood Insurance Maps over the Existing Land Use
Map. Based on that process, the following developed areas were shown to be subject to
flooding during a 100-year flood event. (See Composite Storm Hazard Map for location.)
Location
Approximate Number of Units
Deep Creek
7
Little River Shores
14
Lands End
36
Carolina Shores
30
Long Beach Estates
25
Sueola Beach
12
Camp Perry Road
9
White Hat Road
18
Gates Lane
10
Billy's Beach
14
Mathews Acres
14
Southern Shores
38
Halsey Bay Road
12
Albemarle Plantation
45
Snug Harbor
55
River View Park
50
Bethel Fishing Center.
9
Belvidere
21
Total number of housing units affected
by 100-year flood (approximate)
419
1. Issue: Storm Hazard Mitigation
al Findings:
County areas affected by various storm hazards are as follows:
Hazard
Area Affected
High Wind
Entire County
Flooding
100-year Flood Hazard Area
Coastal Wetlands
Estuarine Shorelines
Wave Actions
Estuarine Shorelines
Erosion
Estuarine Shorelines
The greatest collective damage is from wind damage because the whole
County is affected. Most seriously affected developed areas are those with
property improvements in flood plain areas. Greatest risk potential is the
estuarine shoreline.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 40

(1) Policy 23:
It will be the policy of Perquimans County to enforce all
controls and regulations it deems necessary to mitigate the risk
of severe storms and hurricanes to life and property. Local
policy shall be to consider purchase of damaged property in most
hazardous areas if either federal or State funds can be secured for
such purposes.
Implementation Strategy:
High winds — Perquimans County will follow and support the N.
C. State Building Codes and their requirements regarding design for
high winds. The County also supports requirements for trailers such
as tie -downs that help reduce wind damage.
Flooding — Perquimans County will support the hazard mitigation
elements of the National Flood Insurance Programs. Perquimans
County, which is in the regular phase of this program, supports
regulations regarding elevation and flood -proofing of buildings and
utilities. The County also supports CAMA and 404 Wetland
Development Permit processes.
Wave Action and Shoreline Erosion = Perquimans County
continues to support CAMA permitting procedures concerning the
estuarine shoreline. The County also supports the FEMA
regulations concerning elevation and setback requirements.
b) Issue: Post -Disaster and Recovery Plan
(1) Findings:
Perquimans County uses its Disaster Recovery Plan as a general
outline of the procedures the County will follow in the event of a
major disaster. The plan has been developed to provide for an
orderly and coordinated recovery and reconstruction of areas of
Perquimans County suffering the effects of a major disaster. The
underlying goals of this plan are to minimize the hardship to affected
residents, to restore and initiate reconstruction in a timely manner,
and to reduce or eliminate any bottlenecks in securing federal or
State disaster assistance.
The Board of County Commissioners will function as the
Perquimans County Recovery Task Force. The mission of the task
force is to direct and control recovery activities and to formulate
recovery policies as needed.
The County Commissioners will designate a Recovery Support
Team to assist in the implementation of this plan. The mission of the
support team is to provide personnel and resources for the
implementation of recovery activities as directed by the Recovery
Task Force. The Support Team will be composed of the following
individuals:
Perquimans. County Manager
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 41

Sheriff
Tax Supervisor
Building Inspector
Social Services Director
County Health Officer
Water Service Director
L2� Policy 24:
Perquimans County will work under the Hurricane Evacuation
Plan or Emergency Operations Plan for Multi -Hazards to guide
post -disaster repair and reconstruction activities.
f3� Policy25:
County policyshall be to continue to follow evacuation
procedures outlined in Perquimans County Hurricane Evacuation
Plan.
(4) Implementation:
Evacuation: The Perquimans County Evacuation Plan was
developed for evacuation of all County residents. The purpose of the
plan is to "provide for an orderly and coordinated evacuation and
shelter system to minimize the effects of hurricanes on the residents
and visitors in Perquimans County." Hurricane evacuation involves
all areas under County and municipal jurisdiction. As joint action is
required of Perquimans County and the municipal governments
within the County, a joint organization for decision making and use
of resources is needed. For these purposes, a Control Group has
been established. Its mission is to exercise overall direction and
control of hurricane evacuation operations including decisions to
institute County -wide increased readiness conditions and. such other
actions necessary to the situation. It is composed of the following
individuals:
Chairman of County Commissioners
Perquimans County Manager
Perquimans County Emergency Management Coordinator
Mayor of Hertford
Hertford Emergency Management Coordinator
Mayor of Winfall
Perquimans County Sheriff
Hertford Chief of Police
Fire Marshall
Captain of Rescue Squad
Superintendent of Schools
Director of Social Services
Administrator of Health Department
Register of Deeds
Perquimans County Dispatcher
American Red Cross
Hertford Grammar School
EMS Director
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 42

Evacuation Areas, Routes — Evacuation zones delineated in the
Eastern North Carolina Hurricane Evacuation Study recently
completed and based on inundation effects produced by various
categories of storms are identified as Perquimans County Evacuation
Zones below:
Zone 1 North Central Perquimans County — All areas along and
within one-half mile of either side of Perquimans River from SR
1212 on the north to NC 37 in the City of Hertford on the south.
Zone 2 South Central Perquimans County — All areas along and
within one -quarter mile of Perquimans River from the Town of
Hertford on the north to Albemarle Sound on the south including
areas along the tributaries of the Perquimans River from SR 1310 on
the north to Albemarle Sound on the south.
Zane 3 Eastern Perquimans County — All areas along and within
one -quarter mile of the Little River from SR 1221 on the north to
Stevenson Point on the south.
Zone 4 Southern Perquimans County — All areas along and on
either side of Burnt Mill, from NC 37 on the west to Yeopim River
on the east; and all areas along and within one -quarter mile of the
Yeopim River, and along and either side of Yeopim Creek and other
tributaries of Yeopim River.
Evacuation routes and traffic control points are identified below:
Evacuation Routes — All residents and visitors to Perquimans
County who wish to evacuate shall be directed to leave the County by
one of two evacuation routes, either Route 1— Highway 37 North to
Highway 32 to Highway 158, or Route 2 — Highway 17 West.
Traffic Control Points It is the opinion of the Perquimans County
Emergency Management Coordinator that no Traffic Control Points
will be needed in Perquimans County during evacuation times.
Reentry — Upon cancellation of all hurricane warnings and watches
which include Perquimans County and when no major damage has
been experienced, the Control Group Chairman will authorize reentry
to evacuated areas.
When hurricane damage has occurred, reentry to evacuated areas will
be based upon damage assessments and any rescue or other relief
operations in progress. Reentry will be authorized by the Control
Group Chairman to specific evacuated areas and under conditions
specified.
Direction and control of the reentry operations will be coordinated
by the Sheriff.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plane Page: 43

E. Continuing Public Participation
1. Findings:
The most important aspect of planning for the future of Perquimans County is to
involve the residents in the planning process. To help accomplish this, a Public
Information Meeting was advertised and held on March 10, 1998. Approximately
13 citizens of Perquimans County were present.
The Consultant opened the meeting by briefly discussing the purpose of the Land
Use Plan Update. He then asked those present the question, "What would you like
to see happen in Perquimans County during the next five- to ten-year planning
period to make it a better place in which to live?" Each response was written down
as those present expressed their concerns and desires for the future. (See Appendix
for list of comments, March 10, 1998, meeting.)
It was apparent from the comments made at the meeting that the main concerns were
about the need for future economic growth, while at the same time protecting the
agricultural heritage of the area and protecting the environment. There were also
concerns raised about guiding future growth and the need for zoning to do that.
There was discussion about the need to increase tourism in the County to create
more jobs by promoting the County's history and historic sites.
In summary, the results of the public participation meetings helped establish issues,
goals and objectives and, as a result, policy to accomplish goals and objectives to
address issues of concern to Perquimans County residents. As the Plan takes draft
form and is discussed by local officials, citizens will continue to have an opportunity
to review proposed policy and implementation strategy to accomplish these goals
and objectives during the five-year planning period prior to the next land use plan
update in 2003.
2. Policy 26:
The Perquimans County Planning. Board and Board of Commissioners will
continue to have a policy of including Perquimans County residents in the
planning process on an ongoing basis. Meetings will continue to be open to
the public to give citizens the opportunity to express their views and concerns
about planning issues. It shall be Perquimans County policy to review the
policy and implementation section of this Land Use Plan, once, adopted, on an
annual basis to review how policy implementation is taking place.
3. Implementation:
The County Manager will review policy implementation with the Board of
Commissioners at the first meeting in January of each year prior to the next land use
plan update.
X. LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM AND MAP
The land classification system that follows generally reflects the historical development of the
county, existing land uses, and the availability of centralized wastewater collection, treatment and
disposal. The areas designated as Developed are the town's of.Winfall and Hertford and the
planned unit development of Albemarle Plantation. All three are served by a centralized sewage
system.
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 44

The Urban Transition areas are areas located on major transportation corridors adjacent to the
towns of Hertford and Winfall where municipal services could be expanded to serve development.
This classification includes the new Commerce Park being developed by the towns of Hertford and
Winfall and Perquimans County and lies adjacent to the Town of Hertford.
The Limited Transition is used here to designate the developments of Snug Harbor and Holiday
Island. Both of these developments occurred prior to any the county's involvement in land use
planning and before the adoption of subdivisions regulations. Both areas are developed at very
high densities, with most lots less than 8,000 square feet. Both are served by a closed water system,
as is most of the county. Holiday Island has a small package plant (4,000 gpd) serving some
camping lots in the development. Holiday Island has very severe limitations for septic tank usage.
Future development cannot occur here unless a centralized wastewater collection and disposal
system is constructed. The soils in Snug Harbor are better suited for septic tank use and could be
developed if a persons owned two or more adjacent lots. The Limited Transition classification
designation used here recognizes the high density of development in these two areas but does not
provide an area for expansion.
The Community classification generally recognizes historical unincorporated crossroad
communities with clusters of mixed use development, each of these clusters contain more than one
commercial establishment and residential development in closer proximity than what one would
consider being rural.
The Rural designation covers the rest and the major portion of the county. Development density in
these areas is dependent on the availability of public water and septic tank suitability. Generally .
speaking, depending on soil suitability, lot sizes are permitted at 20,000 square feet if public water is
available and 40,000 square feet if it is not.
The Conservation Areas include all areas of environmental concern designated by CAMA, including
estuarine waters, estuarine shoreline, coastal wetlands and public trust areas, all 404 wetlands and all
areas below the 100-year floodplain elevations. These areas are not marked on the Land Use
Classification Map.
It should be noted that neither Perquimans County nor the Town of Winfall have Zoning
Ordinances and each rely solely on the Perquimans County subdivision regulations for controlling
lot sizes in the case of land subdivision and on the County's Floodplain Ordinance for construction
in flood hazard areas. The County and Town rely on other regional, state, and federal agencies for
other development controls; the regional health department for septic tank permitting, CAMA for
AEC development, and DEM for 404 wetland controls.
The land classifications that follows apply to both the County and the Town of Winfall.
A. Developed
I. Purpose
The purpose of the Developed class is to provide for continued intensive
development and redevelopment of existing cities, towns and their urban environs.
2. Description and Characteristics
Areas meeting the intent of the Developed classification are currently urban in
character where minimal undeveloped land remains and have in place, or are
scheduled for the timely provision of, the usual municipal or public services. Urban
in character includes mixed land uses such as residential, commercial, industrial,
.institutional and other uses at high to moderate densities. Services include water,
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 45

sewer, recreational facilities, streets and roads, police and fire protection. In some
instances an area may not have all the traditional urban services in place, but if it
otherwise has a developed character and is scheduled for the timely provision of
these services, it still meets the intent of the developed classification. Areas
developed for predominantly residential purposes meet the intent of this
classification if they exhibit:
a) a density of three or more dwelling units per acre; or
b) a majority of lots of 15,000 square feet or less, which are provided or
scheduled to be provided with the traditional urban services; or
c) permanent population densities that are high and seasonal populations that
may swell significantly. The Developed classification has been used for the
Town of Hertford, Winfall and the planned unit development of Albemarle
Plantation.
B. Urban Transition
1. Purpose
The purpose of the Urban Transition class is to provide for future intensive urban
development on lands that are suitable and that will be provided with the necessary
urban services to support intense urban development.
2. Description and Characteristics
Areas meeting the intent of the Urban Transition classification are presently being
developed for urban purposes or will be developed in the next five to ten years to
accommodate anticipated population and urban growth. These areas are in, or will
be in "transition" state of development going from lower intensity uses to higher
intensity uses and as such will eventually require urban services. Examples of areas
meeting the intent of this class are lands included within municipal extra territorial
planning boundaries and areas being considered for annexation.
a) Areas classified Urban Transition will provide lands for intensive urban
growth when lands in the Developed class are not available. Urban
Transition lands must be able to support urban development by being
generally free of physical limitations and be served or readily served by
urban services. Urban development includes mixed land uses such as
residential, commercial, institutional, industrial and other uses at or
approaching high to moderate densities. urban services include water, sewer,
streets and roads, police and fire protection that will be made available at the
time development occurs or soon thereafter. Permanent population densities
in this class will be high and the seasonal population may swell significantly.
b) In choosing land for the Urban Transition class, such land should not
include: areas with severe physical limitations which would make the
provision of urban services difficult or impossible, lands which meet the
definition of conservation, lands of special. value (unless no other alternative
exists) such as productive and unique agricultural lands, forest lands,
potentially valuable mineral deposits, water supply watersheds, scenic and
tourist resources including archaeological sites, habitat for important wildlife
species, areas subject to frequent flooding, areas important for environmental
or scientific values, lands where urban development might destroy or damage
natural systems or processes of more than local concern, or lands where .
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan I Page: 46

intense development might result in undue risk to life and property from
natural or existing manmade hazards.
c) Even though AEC standards occasionally permit Urban Transition type
development on a lot -by -lot basis within the various AECs, this classification
should not be applied to any AEC.
d) Areas that are predominantly residential meet the intent of this class if:
(1) they are approaching three dwelling units per acre, or
(2) a majority of.the lots are 15,000 square feet or less and will be
provided with essential urban services to support this high density
development, or
(3) are contiguous to existing developed municipal areas.
Urban Transition areas include undeveloped land along U.S. 17
Bypass and the Commerce Center south of Hertford. Two small
areas north and west of Winfall have been designated as Urban
Transition areas.
C. Limited Transition
1. Purpose
The purpose of the Limited Transition class is to provide for development in areas
that will have some services, but are suitable for lower densities than those
associated with the Urban Transition class, or are geographically remote from
existing towns and municipalities.
2. Description and Characteristics
Areas meeting the intent of this class will experience increased development during
the planning period. they will be in a state of development necessitating some
municipal type services. These areas are of modest densities and often suitable for
the provision of closed water systems rather than individual wells.
a) Areas classified Limited Transition will provide controlled development with
services, but may not be on lands that are suitable for traditional high
intensity urban development normally associated with sewers or other
services. These may be lands with physical limitations or areas near valuable
estuarine waters or other fragile natural systems. Sewers and other services
may be provided because such services are already in the area or readily
available nearby, because the lands are unsuitable for septic tanks or the
cumulative impact of septic tanks may negatively impact significant public
resources. Self-contained, large, retirement/vacation developments in
otherwise rural areas would meet the intent of this class.
b) The Limited Transition class is intended for predominantly residential
development with densities of three units per acre or less, or where the
majority of lots are 15,000 square feet or greater. In many areas, lower
densities may be necessary and should be discussed. Clustering or
development associated with Planned Unit Developments may be
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 47

appropriate in the Limited Transition class.
c) Areas which meet the definition of the Conservation class should not be
classified Limited Transition.
d) Due to its very nature, the Limited Transition land classification may be
controversial. As such, if a local government chooses to use this class, it
shall describe the circumstances making this classification necessary and.
shall also describe how this class will help the local government achieve both
its economic development and natural resources protection policies. This
discussion shall include statements as to why lands included in this
classification are appropriate for development which necessitates the
provision of services.
The County has designated Snug Harbor and Holiday Island, which each
have densities over, three units per acre, as Limited Transition areas.
D. Community
1. Purpose
The purpose of the Community class is to provide for clustered, mixed land uses at
low densities to help meet the housing, shopping, employment and other needs in
rural counties.
2. Description and Characteristics
Areas meeting the intent of the Community class are presently developed at low
densities which are suitable for private septic tank use. These areas are clustered
residential or commercial land uses which provide both low intensity shopping and
housing opportunities and provide a local social sense of a "community. These
communities are generally small and some are not incorporated. Very limited
municipal type services such as fire protection and community water may be
available, but municipal type sewer systems are not to be provided as a catalyst for
future development. In some unusual cases sewer systems may be possible, but
only to correct an existing or projected public health hazard. Areas developed in a
low density fashion in small, dispersed clusters in a larger rural county landscape
with very limited or no water and sewer services meet the intent of this class.
In Perquimans County, the areas designated as community are all existing
crossroads communities that exhibit clustering and mixed land uses. This is
essentially all land areas with more than three adjacent minimum -sized lots of record
and historical communities associated with remote country stores or churches and
residential uses that exhibit the appearance of clustering. The minimum lot size in
the County is 15,000 square feet if served by public water and 25,000 square feet if
an on -site water supply is used. Specific communities include Belvidere, Woodville,
New Hope and Bethel.
E. Rural
1. Purpose
The class is to provide for very low density land uses including residential use
where limited water services are provided in order to avert an existing or projected
health problem. Development within this class should be low intensity in order to
maintain a rural character. Rural water systems, such as those funded by Farmers
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 48

Home Administration, are or may be available in these areas due to the need to avert
poor water quality problems. These systems, however, should be designed to serve
a limited number of customers and should not serve as a catalyst for future higher
intensity development.
2. Description and Characteristics
Areas meeting the intent of this class are appropriate for very low intensity
residential uses, where lot sizes are large, and where the provision of services will
not disrupt the primary rural character of the landscape. Private wells and septic
tank services may exist, but most development is supported by a closed water
system. Other services such as sheriff protection and rural or volunteer fire
protection and emergency rescue, etc., may also be available.
All County lands not designated as Conservation, Urban Transition, Limited
Transition or Community are designated as Rural with Services. The County has
provided public water service, generally, to all areas of the County. Perquimans
County will extend its water lines along State Roads into areas of the County which
meet the County 50150 Water Line Extension Policy.
F. Conservation
1. Purpose
The purpose of the Conservation class is to provide for the effective long-term
management and protection of significant, limited or irreplaceable areas.
Management is needed due to the natural, cultural, recreational, scenic or natural
productive values of both local and more than local concern.
2. Description and Characteristics
Areas meeting the intent of this classification that should be considered for inclusion
include:
a) Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs), including but not limited to public
trust waters, estuarine waters, coastal wetlands, etc., as identified in 15A
NCAC 7H;
b) other similar lands, environmentally significant because of their natural role
in the integrity of the coastal region, including but not limited to wetlands
identified on Division of Coastal Management wetland maps, other wetlands,
areas that are or have a high probability of providing wildlife habitat, forest
lands that are essentially undeveloped and lands which otherwise contain
significant productive, natural, scenic, cultural or recreational resources.
In Perquimans County, Conservation areas include all areas of
environmental concern designated by LAMA, which include estuarine
waters, estuarine shorelines, coastal wetlands and public trust waters; all 404
wetlands; and all areas below the 100-year flood elevation.
XI. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION AND IlVIPLEMENTATION
Following approval of the Public Participation Plan, a copy of the plan with meeting dates was
published in the local newspaper. On February 19, the County Manager sent a memo and meeting
schedule to the Towns of Hertford and Winfall with a request to attend public meetings if possible.
The same notice was also sent to 34 civic and service groups (see attached list). The Town
Manager of Hertford attended the first public information meeting held on March 10, 1998, by the
1998 Perquimans County Land Use Plan Page: 49

Perquimans County Planning Board.
In an effort to ensure intergovernmental coordination, a copy of the draft plan and executive
summary have been made available for public review at the County Manager's office and at the
Public Library in Hertford.
XII. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
The Public Participation Plan was prepared and approved by the Perquimans County
Commissioners in February, 1998. (See Appendix for copy of plan.) The County placed an ad in
the local newspaper outlining public meetings at which the plan would be discussed. Notification
of public meetings was also mailed to the Town of Hertford and Winfall and over 30 civic and
service organizations in the County.
At the first meeting held on March 10, 1998, a total of 13 citizens attended.: At that meeting and the
meeting held April 14, citizens were given the opportunity to discuss issues of concern to them
which were incorporated into the plan update. See Appendix for list of citizens in attendance at the
March 10,.1998, public meeting. Each subsequent meeting at which the plan was discussed was
open to the public.
On June 6, the Planning Board reviewed current plan policy and recommended changes based on
public input. On August 11, 1998, a joint meeting of the Planning Board and the County .
Commissioners was held to review the draft document, policy and land classification map, for
purposes of identifying any possible changes in data collection, data, policy section or land
classification portions of the plan.
A public meeting scheduled on September 8, 1998 to review the plan and for Commissioners to
approve the plan for submittal to CRC will be held. Subsequent public meetings will be scheduled
to discuss any CRC comments before holding a final public hearing for local adoption prior to
sending to CRC for plan certification.
A public hearing will be held on July 30, 2002, for public comment and Commissioners approval
prior to submission to CRC for plan certification.
1998 Perquhnans County Land Use Plan Page: 50

Perquimans. County
1998 Land Use Plan Update
MAPS
Existing Land Use Map
Natural Areas Assessment Map
Composite Storm Hazard Map
Land Use Classification Map

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