Land Use Plan-1980

lease do not remove!!!!!
Division of Coastal Management
PAMLICO COUNTY
LAND USE PLAN
OCTOBER, 1980

E
LAND USE PLAN
PAMLICO COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
October, 1980
" The preparation of this report.was financically
assisted by a grant from the State of North
Carolina and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration."

19
IN
LAND USE PLAN
Prepared Under
Coastal Area Management of 1974
for
Pamlico County, North Carolina
by
Board of Commissioners
Robert Paul, Chairman
Charles Alexander Patsy Sadler
James Spencer Don Lee
Planning Board
Clifton Stowe, Chairman
John Van Hook Odell Spain
Frank Willis William Gibbs
William Rice, County Manager
Bernard Hollowell, County Attorney
Dick Simmons, County Planner
Gene Broughton, Planning Board Secretary
Technical Assistance By:
Neuse River Council of Governments
J. Roy Fogle, Executive Director
W. R. Banks, Jr., Project Planner
Ms. Kaye Clouser, Project Secretary

PAMLICO COUNTY
IIORTH CAROLINA
CERTIFICATION
The Chairman announced that it was time for the public hearing concerning the 1980
update of the Pamlico County Land Use Plan, No one appeared to comment on the Plan,
which was presented and explained by Randy Banks of the Neuse River Council of Govern-
ments which had prepared the document under contract with the County. Following a
discussion, on motion duly made and seconded, a resolution was unanimously adopted
approving the updated Plan,subject to the clarification of the definition of Public
Trust Areas, Section 3 of Resource Protection Policies on page 97, to make it clear
that it is the State's definition and not the County's in respect to artificially
created bodies of water.
I, William R. Rice, certify that I am the duly appointed and acting Clerk to
the Board of Commissioners of Pamlico County, and that the foregoing is a true and
correct copy of a resolution adopted by said Board at a meeting of said Board held
on the 20th day of October, 1980, as the same appears in the official minutes of
said meeting, and that said resolution has neither been rescinded nor amended.
WITNESS, my hand and the official seal of Pamlico County this 21st day of
October, 1980.
w
Clerk

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I. INTRODUCTION ........................................ 1
II. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS ........................ 4
A. Data Collection ................................. 5
'B. Description of Present Conditions ............... 7
Population .................. I................... 8
Seasonal Population ............................... 16
• 17
Labor Force .................... .. .............
Income Characteristics......... ............... 20
Manufacturing ................................... 22
Retail and Wholesale Trade.. ................. . 24
Natural Resources Related to the Economy........ 28
Agricultural Economy......... .................... 33
Housing ......................................... 37
Conclusions ..................................... 40
C. Existing Land Use......... 42
DCurrent Plans, Policies, and Regulations........ 52
E.. Constraints: Land Suitability .................. 57
Man -Made Hazard Areas ........................... 58
Natural Hazard Areas ............................ 58
Excessive Erosion Areas ......................... 58
Coastal Flood Plains........... .... ......... 59
Soils.. ........ ................. ......... .. 60
Water Supply... 62
Water Quality.. 63
Topography ........................................ 64
Fragile Areas ..................... • ............ 67
F. Constraints: Capacity of CommunityFacilities.. 77
G. Estimated Demand ................................. 82
H. Land Classification ............................. 89
III. POLICY STATEMENTS ................................... 99
A. Resource Protection........... ...103
B. Resource Production and Management..............125
C. Economic and Community Development..............131
D. Attachment B Issues.............................141
E. Continuing Public Participation .................146
APPENDIX
Soils Data

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V
LIST OF TABLES
Table #
Title
Page #
1
Population Trends 1910 - 1970 - 1978
9
2
1970 Population by Age, Race, Sex
10
3
Net Migration, 1960-1970
11
4
Estimated Migration, 1970-1980
11
5
Net Migration by Sex and Age Groups,
12
1960-1970
6
Years of School, Completed, 1970
15
7
Seasonal Population Estimates
16
8
Labor Force Summary 1962, 1965, 1970,
17
1978
9
Commuting Patterns, 1960-1970
18,,19
10
Family Income, 1969
21
11
Per Capita Personal Income: 1970, 1971,
21
1972, 1973, 1974
12
Retail Sales: 1947, 1954, 1958, 1962,
26
1966, 1970, 1974, 1977
13
Employees, Payroll, and Establishments
27
by Industry: 1974
14
Seafood Processing Companies
28
15
Finfish and Shellfish Landings, 1978
30
16
Commercial Timber Companies
32
17
Average Farm Size: 1959, 1964, 1969,
34
1974
18
Agricultural Economic Trends: 1964, 1969,
35
1974
19
Farm Acreage and Income: 1963-1974
35
20
Acres Devoted to Major Crops, 1974
36
21
Housing Characteristics, 1979
39
22
Existing Land Use
46
23
Existing School Information
80

LIST OF MAPS
TITLE
Townships
Existing Land Use
Bayboro 201 Planning Area
Oriental 201 Planning Area
Future Land Use
Industrial Sites
Soils
PAGE NUMBER
50
51
87
88
96
135
Appendix

I, INTRODUCTION

The Coastal Area Management Act of 1974 was one of the most
extensive and controversial pieces of legislation ever passed by the
North Carolina General Assembly. The Act established a cooperative
program of coastal area management between local and state governments.
The Act required the development and adoption of a land use plan for
• each county in the coastal area, and further required each county plan
to conform to the State Guidelines which "shall be consistant with the
goals of the coastal area management system", as stated in the Act.
The purpose of a land use plan for Pamlico County is to achieve
the goals of acceptable Coastal Area Management. These goals are:
1) To provide a management system capable of preserving and
managing the natural ecological conditions of the estuarine
system, the barrier dune system, and the beaches so as to
safeguard and perpetuate their natural productivity and
their biological, economic and aesthetic values.
2) To Insure that the development or preservation of the land
and water resources of the coastal area proceeds in a manner
consistent with the capability of the land and water for
development, use, or preservation based on ecological
considerations.
3) To insure the orderly and balanced use and preservation of
our coastal resources on behalf of the people of North Carolina
and the nation.
4) To establish policies, guidelines and standards for the
conservation of resources; the economic development of the
coastal area; the use of recreational lands and tourist
facilities; the wise development of transportation and
circulation patterns; the preservation and enhancement.of
historical, cultural and scientific aspects of the region;
and the protection of common law and public rights in the,
land and waters of the coastal area.
The following land use plan is an update of the original Coastal
Area Management Plan adopted by the County in May of 1976.
It
2

The history and development of the original plan covered nearly
two years and.was the result of the efforts of many people who be-
lieved in Pamlico County and the County's responsibility to determine
its own destiny. This updated plan was prepared by Pamlico County
through the direction of the County Planning Board. Basic data was
updated where relevant and possible. Primary emphasis in the up-
date which began in November, 1979, was placed on defining the land
use policy objectives of the County.
This document should not be considered either an all inclusive
resource document or an all inclusive policy statement by the county
in all areas. Rather this plan should be viewed as a basic policy
source for land use issues faced by the County.
r
Y
3
10

SECTION II
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
M

14
A. DATA COLLECTION
5

Data was assembled from numerous sources and existing reports
and documents were utilized. Primary sources included publications
of the North Carolina Department of Administration, the Department
of Natural Resources and Community Development, the US Census, the
• Neuse River Council of Governments, and Pamlico County. A con-
centrated effort was made to insure the use of the most current data
available. Data was presented in the Plan as an illustrative summary
depicting the actual conditions present in Pamlico County.
The major problem faced in the data collection process was the
result of the timing of the plan update. The US Census, normally the
most factual base data available, and the source of many other
publications, was nearly ten years old. Changes in existing population
and economic conditions in the County are therefore based primarily
on estimates or updates of the Census. The very stable population in
Pamlico County should negate any major errors in identification of
population or economic trends.

10
i
B. DESCRIPTION OF PRESENT CONDITIONS
7

w
POPULATION
The population for Pamlico County has remained relatively constant
between 1910 and 1970 and ranges from a low of 9,060 in 1920 to a high
of 9,993 in 1950. The greatest change in population between decades
was 1910 to 1920 showing a decrease of 906 persons from 9,996 in 1910
to 9,060 in 1920. This is a decrease of approximately nine percent
over the ten year period. Following this substantial decrease, the
county's population began to increase gradually from 1920 to 1950;
however, in 1960 and 1970 the population decreased to 9,850 and 9,467
respectively. This.downward trend in the population of Pamlico County
is not expected to continue. The County population as estimated by
the State Division of State Budgets and Management for 1979 is 9,500
with a slight increase to 9,700 projected for 1990.
Table 1 indicates the past population history for Pamlico County
from 1910 to 1970 with 1978 estimates from the Division of State
Budget and Management.
Pamlico County, due to its geographiclocation and lack of ocean
shoreline, has not experienced the population explosion as have other
areas in coastal North Carolina. Out -migration of persons, particular-
ly those of childbearing age.shown in Tables 3 and 4 has further con-
tributed to the stable county population.
8

TABLE I
I'►►j►u_lr►t Inn 'ri-vii►in r►►r 11rtml Ico County.
Civil Divisions
1910.
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1978 _
Township 1
1,515
1,444
1,159
1,542
1,951
1,686
1,813
N/A
Township 2
2,120
1,872
1,712
1,124
1,441
1,573
1,489
N/A
Stonewall Town
161
218
329
261
272
214
335
380
Township 3
2,498
2,330
2,699
3,073
2,990
3,169
2,886
N/A
Alliance Town
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
577
620
Bayboro Town
370
349
468
428'
453
545
665
930
Mesic Town
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
369
360
Vandemere Town
296
308
360
436
475
452
379
480
Township 4
1,004
819
908
1,054
1,112
945
922
N/A
Township 5
2,829
2,595
2,389
2,913
2,499
2,477
2,357
N/A
Arapahoe Town
N/A .
N/A
290
307
273
274
212
500
Minnesott Beach
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
41
150
Oriental Town
645
607
601
535
590
522
445
450
PAMLICO COUNTY 9,966 9,060 9,299 9,706 9,993 9,850 9,467 10,000
Change -906 .+239 +406 +287 +143 -383 +533
Percent Change -9.1 +2.6 +4.4 +3.0 +1.4 -3.9 +5.6
SOURCE: US Census of Population
NC Division of State Budget and Management
N/A - Not Available
V
9

TABLE 2
Pamlico -County 1970, Population by Age, Race, and Sex
Total
White
Non -White
Age
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Total
0-4
378
346
254
214
124
132
724
5-9
475
472
280
264
194
208
947
10-14
528
543
310
294
216
249
1,071
15-19
494
476
284
274
208
202
970
20-24
283
310
217
223
66
87
593
25-29
249
238
189
172
60
64
487
30-34
217
226
144
149
72
77
443
35-39
233
298
158
182
75
115
531
40-44
286
283
190.
176
96
107
569
45-49
251
281
176
203
73
78
532
50-54
253
272
188
203
65
69
525
55-59
230
256
174
188
56
68
486
60-64
212
'269
159
209
53
60
481
65-69
179
198
130
143
49
55
377
70-74
141
194
103
154
38
40
335
75-79
99
104
75
82
24
22
203
• 80-84
48
82
41
70
7
12
130
85+
21
42
16
32
5
10
63
Median
Age 27.6 31.3 30.3 35.7 20.0 22.1 29.4
SOURCE: US CENSUS OF 1970
0R

TABLE 3
Net Migration - Pamlico County
1960 - 1970
Total Population
Actual 1970 Population
Natural Increase (1960-1970)1
Expected 1970 Population2
Actual 1970 Population
Population Change Due to Migration
Total White Population
Actual 1970 Population
Natural Increase (1960-1970)1
Expected 1970 Population2
Actual 1970 Population
Population Change Due to Migration
Total Non -White Population
Actual 1960 Population
Natural Increase (1960-1970)1
Expected 1970 Population2
Actual 1970 Population
Population Change Due to Migration
9,850
726
10,576
9,467
-1,109
6,239
203
6,442
6,331
-111
3,611
523
4,134
3,136,
-998
K
1 Number of Births in Excess of Deaths
2 1960 Population Pius.Natural Increase
COUNTY TOTAL
Pamlico -12.13
TABLE 4
Estimated Rate of Net Migration
1970 - 1980
WHITE NON -WHITE
TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE
-2.92 -3.65 -2.21 -26.20 -27.79 -24.70
SOURCE: NC Department of Administration
Division of State Budget and Management
V
11

TABLE 5
Net Migration by Race, Sex and Age
Groups
Pamlico County 1960-1970
1960
1970
Percent of
Age
Population
Age . Population
1960 Group
Male
-White
Male -White
Present in 1970
i
0-4
292
10-14 310
106.2
5-9
348
15-19 284
81.6
10-14
356
20-24 217
61.0
15-19
290
25-29 189
65.2
20-24
131
30-34 144
109.9
25-34
317
35-44 348
109.8
35-44
383
45-54 354
92.4
45-54
374
55-64 333
89.0
Female -White
Female -White
0-4
294
10-14 294
100.0
5-9
321
15-19 274
85.4
10-14
227
20-24 223
66.2
15-19
233
25-29 172
73.8
20-24
138
30-34 149
107.9
25-34
351
35-44 358
101.9
35-44
383
45-54 406
106.0
45-54
392
55-64 397
101.3
Male -Nonwhite
Male -Nonwhite
0-4
284
10-14 216
76.1
5-9
289
15-19 208
72.0
10-14
240
20-24 66
27.5
15-19
168
25-29 60
35.7
20-24
106
30-34 72
67.9
25-34
179
35-44 171
95.5
35-44
149
45-54 138
92.6
45-54
146
55-64 109
74.7
Female -Nonwhite
Female -Nonwhite
0-4'
300
10-14 249
83.0
5-9
275
15-19 202
73.5
10-14
244
20-24 87
35.7
15-19
179
25-29 64
35.8
20-24
108
30-34 77
71.3
25-34
225
35-44 222
98.7
35-44
166
45-54 147
88.6
45-54
150
55-64 128
85.3
12

There are several reasons for migration from rural areas to
urban arena though this trend is slowing in Pamlico County. Some
notable causes for migration are:
1) Trends toward fewer and larger farms.
2) Mechanization of agriculture.
3) Lack of economic opportunities other than farming.
Another factor which may increase the pressure for out -migration in
Pamlico County is the existence of subsurface phosphate deposits lo-
cated in the eastern half of the County. The purchase of large tracts
of land owned by long time residents of the County by phosphate mining
operations may become reality as the need for food and fertilizer in-
crease.
There is no significant urban area located in Pamlico County.
Those seeking employment opportunities available in urban areas must
either commute or move to these areas. This resulting loss of popula-
tion has an adverse effect on the economy of the area. These people
are no longer available to the County to support industrial and com-
mercial enterprise or add to the tax base. Conversely, industrial and
commercial jobs must be available in the County to.retain the young
adult segment of the population.
The composition of the population of Pamlico County reflects the
out -migration of younger adults upon reaching an employable age. A
distinct drop in population can be seen from the 15-19 age group to
the 20-24 age group as shown in Table 2.
The North Carolina Median non -white age of 21.40 does not differ
I
appreciably from that of Pamlico County non -white median age of 21.05.
However, the North Carolina median age falls in the 25-29 age group
13

r
while that of Pamlico County is in the 30-34 age group. Thus, it can
be concluded that North Carolina possesses a greater percentage of
employable age individuals than does Pamlico County.
Out -migration from the county is being slightly offset by the in-
flux of older retired persons. These people are normally white and
economically middle class or above. The result is an older median
age for the white population in the County.
The educational level of the population of Pamlico County in 1970
was below that of the State of North Carolina with median years com-
pleted being 9.3 for males 25 years and over and 10.3 for females 25
years and over as compared to 10.3 and 10.8 respectively. The median
non -white years of school completed was considerably less than the
county wide median with males 25 years and over completing only 7.9
years and the corresponding groups of females finishing 9.4 years. The
number of high school graduates in the County is projected by the N.C.
Department of Public Instruction to increase from 129 in 1977 to 137
in 1986. The education level of county citizens when compared to the
state should significantly improve in the future.
Population projections for Pamlico County prepared by the North
Carolina Department of Administration using past trends, births, deaths,
and net migration indicate that Pamlico County will maintain a stable
year-round population. No major increases or decreases are projected.
Early 1980 census data, however, indicates the present population ex-
ceeds state projections for 1990. This fact indicates more rapid growth
than previously predicted.
There are also several major obstacles preventing major population
growth in the County including poor soils for conventional septic tanks,
14

lack of'major highway access to the County, high water table, con-
siderable flood plain, and the generally environmentally sensitive
land areas. The dem ire by the County to continue. n Htn)le papulntlon
with minor to moderate growth and not seek major growth is most com-
patible with the existing conditions.
TABLE 6
Years of School Completed (1970)
Pamlico County
Non -
White
White
Total
Male
Female
Total
Persons 25 Years
and Over
3,712
1,442
5,154
2,414
2,740
5,154
No School Years
Completed
48
26
74
45
29
74
Elementary
1-4 Years
217
231
448
273
175
448
5-7 Years
661
371
1,032
546
486
1,032
_ 8 Years
408
126
534
274
260
534
High School
1-3 Years
1,201
455
1,655
691
965
1,656
4 Years
866
179
1,045
404
641
1,045
College
1-3 Years
206
28
234
109
125
234
4-or More Years
105
26
131
72
59
131
Median Completed
11.0
8.6
9.8
9.3
10.3
9.8
SOURCE: 1970 Census
of Population,
General Social
and Economic
Characteristics.
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V
15

SEASONAL POPULATION
A seasonal population increase occurs during the summer months
as vacationers are attracted to the water resources of Pamlico County.
The following figures are estimates of the normal summer population in-
crease based on the private seasonal dwelling units, motel rooms, and
campground facilities.
TABLE 7
Township I Township II Township III Township IV Township V
417 288 135 81 1,333
Pamlico County
2,254
This seasonal population increase has little visible impact on
Pamlico County. In 1977, only 6.6% of the County retail sales or
$871,000 were purchases made by travelers. The effect of seasonal pop-
ulation in County services is limited normally to law.enforcement and
emergency medical services. These services experience an increase in
calls for service during peak tourist periods; however, both services
are presently capable of meeting the demand placed by the seasonal popu-
lation.
Perhaps the most important and long term effect of the summer
visitors is the strain placed on a very sensitive environmental area.
These people come to enjoy the water and inhabit residences normally
adjacent to estuarine waters and shorelines. There are no sewage dis-
posal systems in the County and as a result this waste returns to the
environment through conventional septic tank systems. Presently it is
very difficult to directly attribute any polluted waters or shellfish
areas to the seasonal population, but the possibility exists and should
kri

major increases in the seasonal population occur an identifiable problem
LABOR FORCE
The County is having difficulty retaining its young adult popula-
tion, which includes elements of the labor forcer The supply of labor
and the characteristics of the labor force are important in determining
the economic status and potential of Pamlico County.
TABLE 8 .
Labor Force Summary
1962 1965 1970 1978
Pamlico N.C. Pamlico N.C. Pamlico N.C. Pamlico N.C.
Total Work
Force 2,300 1,846,800 2,300 1,969,900 2,380 2,276,100 3,750 2,678,000
Total
Employment 2,091 1,748,920 2,139 1,887,164 2,090 3,490 2,5629,000
Unemployed 9.1 5.3 7.0 4.2 12.2 3.8 6.9 4.3
Total
Unemployment 209 97.880 161 82,736 290 86,492 260 116,000 •
SOURCE: US Census of Social Characteristics, 1980
NC Employment Security Commission
Pamlico County has followed North Carolina and shown an increase in
total work force. However, while North Carolina's unemployment decreased
from 5.3% to 4.3%, Pamlico County's rate of unemployment was never less
than 6.9% from 1962 to 1978, the Pamlico rate being always two or three
times as high as North Carolina's.
Pamlico County has lost a portion of its available labor force through
out -migration. -The remaining portion of the total work force in Pamlico
County still has a much higher rate of unemployment than the statewide
average.
17

There were 1,010 persons commuting to places of employment outside
the County in 19601 by 1970 the total had increased to 1,454. It is
reasonable to assume the commuting pattern still exists because there
has been no major increase in the number of job opportunities within the
County.
It can also be assumed that a majority of these commuters would
accept employment closer to their homes in Pamlico County if such employment
was available. This would add to the recruitable labor supply available
to industry and commerce locating within the County.
TABLE 9
Commuting Patterns for Pamlico County
1960 - 1970
1960 1970
Out- In- Out-
County Commuting Commuting Commutin
Beaufort
12
40
150
Carteret
17
4
44
Craven
874
100
1,165
Jones
11
3
16
Lenoir
0
0
6
Dnslow
43
7
23
Pitt
0
0
15
Elsewhere
53
23
35
Total
1,010
177
1,454
Live & Work in
'amlico County 1,719 1,719
-0
In-
muti
13
46
0
.0
0
0
.9
77
1,539 1,539
18

TABLE 9
Commuting Patterns for Pamlico County
1960, 1970
(Cont.)
Out- 1960 In- Out- 1970 In -
County Commuting Commuting Commuting Commuting
Employed Residents 2,729 -- 2,993 --
Persons Working
In Pamlico County -- 1,896 -- 1,616
Net Commuting - Gain (+)
or Loss (-) -833 -1,377
In -commuting should also be noted. In 1960, 177 individuals in -
commuted and in 1970 only 77, resulting in a decrease in the number of
persons outside the County holding county jobs. This is a direct result
of increased competition from outside the County for available jobs.
This also results in a high unemployment rate. It is felt that many
of the 1,454 commuting to work outside the County are potentially
recruitable for work in Pamlico County.
Pamlico County has the potential labor supply in its high school
graduates, its recruitable labor force, and its commuting residents. -
The nucleus to train these people is present in Pamlico County Technical
College. The County needs jobs for these people to reverse its decreasing
population trend in young adult age groups.
19

INCOME CHARACTERISTICS.
f The financial status of residents of Pamlico County is examined
to determine both earnings and buying power. Data from the 1970 census
and the North Carolina State Government Statistical. Abstract is included
for background information as shown in Tables 10 & 11.
Noticeably, the income of white families is only 65.4 percent
greater than that of non -white families, yet the white per capita income
is 149 percent greater than non -white. This leads to the conclusion
that non -white familes have far more members than white families or that
individual -whites receive higher wages than blacks. Therefore, non -white
individuals generally have less purchasing power than white individuals.
When compared to the other 99 counties, Pamlico County's relative position
in per capita income improved from 1947 with a ranking of 98th to a ranking
of 71st in 1975. This increase is probably due to the out -migration of
young people, especially blacks, while retaining the older, well
established sector of the population. If out -migration is halted certain
economic stimuli must be added in order to continue to improve Pamlico
County's income levels.
The retention of a low family income results in limited purchasing
power which has an adverse effect on retail sales, wholesale sales,
and services. Due to the lack of income among certain families, heavy
burdens are placed on local welfare programs which increase the demand for
tax revenue.
When considering the improvement of per capita and family income,
one solution lies in upgrading skills of workers enabling them to command
higher wages. In recent years, pay scales for skilled labor have risen
sharply while the pay scale for unskilled labor has experienced only minor
increases due to minimum wage laws. It must be considered that
P01

TABLE 10
Pamlico County Family Income
1969
Non -White White Total
Total Families 637 1,749 2,386
Median Family Income $4,431 $7,181 $5,761
Per Capita Income 1,077 2,687 1,882
SOURCE: 1970'Census of Population, General Social and Economic
Characteristics.
TABLE 11
Per Capita Personal Income
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
Pamlico County $2,151
$2,326
$2,792
$3,437
$3,737
North Carolina $3,252
$3,470
$3,853
$4,267
$4,616 ..
SOURCE: North Carolina State Government Statistical Abstract.
f
21

the demand for unskilled labor diminishes as our society becomes more
technical in nature. New industrial and commercial development which
may be attracted to Pamlico County will be seeking skilled technical
manpower. These enterprises would rely on Pamlico County Technical
College or similar facilities to train prospective employees to fill
positions requiring certain skills. The technical skills for farm
labor will also increase as more farming operations become mechanized.
This process will both reduce the number of farm laborers and require
that those who remain possess certain technical skills.
MANUFACTURING
"Every community in the United States purchases goods and ser-
vices from outside its borders. A community pays for these goods and
services by specializing in the production of certain goods and ser-
vices sold outside the community. The goods and services sold outside
the community play a key role in determining the economic health of
the community."i
Those manufacturers that sell their products outside the County are
considered to be "basic" indus.tries which bring in "outside" capital.
Therefore those that sell their products within the County are said to
be "non -basic" industries. Some manufacturers are, because they sell
both within and outside the County, considered basic and non -basic. A
county with all non -basic manufacturing tends to produce a stagnated
economy, as no new or outside money enters the County. Pamlico County,
a County that imports greatly for goods and services, must export to
recoup the monies expended outside the County.
iTiebout, Charles M., The Community Economic Base Study, Committee for
Economic Development, Dec., 1962.
22

The two outstanding facts influencing Pamlico County involve a lack
of diversification and the excessive number of females employed in
manufacturing enterprises. It is a historic fact in North Carolina that
women have been employed in Reasonal, low -skilled, low wage enterprises.
Manufacturers that employ more skilled workers at higher wages and
furnish more stable income and employment base are drastically needed.. The
main industry is seafood processing with timber products being second. `
There has been little or no recent growth in manufacturing and little
diversification. Total manufacturing jobs in 1976 represented only 13.1%
of the total jobs in the County. Farm products added to seafood and timber
products cover most of the County's exports and constitute the basic
industries. Total value of Pamlico County farm marketings in 1976 waG
$9,517,000.
The importance of the seafood industry is quite evident. In 1978,
Pamlico County ranked third among North Carolina counties with a total
finfish poundage of 12,552,300 and a fourth with a shellfish poundage of
2,859,800. Total value of finfish and shellfish was $3,054,731 and
$1,262,762 respectively.
41
A need does exist to seek diversity of industry. The labor supply
is available. However, adequate sewage disposal is not easily furnished.
Most major industry could not locate in Pamlico County unless sewage
disposal is made available. The soil is suitable for industrial sites in
selected areas along the Southern Railroad and NC 55 in the vicinity of
Grantsboro and Bayboro. The nucleus for training industrial workers exists
in Pamlico County Technical College.
Pamlico County is actively seeking compatible industrial growth that
will insure economic development and environmental concerns co -exist in
a manner that is satisfactory to both. ,
23

Modern industrialization is predicated on the availability of
certain major facilities, primarily arterial highways, air, and rail.
Pamlico County is deficient in all three. The improvement most likely
to occur would be the four laning of Route 17 and four laning Route 55
from Grantsboro to New Bern. The N.C. Department of Transportation
has designated an air facility to be constructed in Pamlico County
which will also serve to improve the overall economic picture.
There are two prime deterrents to conventional industrial develop-
ment in Pamlico County. Governmental action directly affects the lack
of central sewer facilities which are the responsibility of town and
county governments and lack of north -south transportation, which is
primarily the responsibility of state government. No bridge crosses the
Pamlico River to the north or the Neuse River to the south. The County
is aware that construction of facilities such as major bridges must be
based on justification much greater than the economic development of a
single county.
RETAIL AND WHOLESALE TRADE
The monetary return from retail sales in Pamlico County has shown
increases in line with that of North Carolina since 1947, although the
1974 figures show a slowing percent increase. The comparison of 1974
figures between'Pamlico County and North Carolina show Pamlico County
beginning'to lag significantly behind. However, 1977 figures show a
greater increase in Pamlico County than the state as a whole.
When considering increases or decreases in sales, the tendency of
the dollar to decrease in value during recent years must be taken into
consideration. Although the number of dollars from retail sales has been
increasing over the years, this cannot be attributed to significant
24

increases in retail establishments. The lack of retail growth in
Pamlico County can be attributed to 1) the ease with which people
can commute to urban centers in adjoining counties that offer greater
variety, 2) the limited income of Pamlico County residents, and 3)
lack of population growth.
While retail trade has been increasing, wholesale trade showed
a decline in the late 1960's; however, is gradually showing some in-
creases. Even with the fluctuation in wholesale trade it would be
difficult for retail establishments not to look outside the County
for their goods.
f
25

1
1 0
N
Q�
Pamlico County
Percent Increase
North Carolina
Percent Increase
TABLE 12
Retail Sales* - Pamlico County
1947 1954
1958
1962
1966
1970
1974
1977
1,205 2,285
3,127
4,065
5,638
8,009
10,790
15,676
89.6
36.9
30.0
38.7
42.1
34.7
45.3
1,637,627 3,072,846
4,345,021
6,449,162
8,548,508
11,731,452
18,526,287
24,059,065
83.6
41.4
48.4
32.5
37.2
57.9
30.0
*RETAIL SALES FIGURES ROUNDED TO NEAREST THOUSAND DOLLARS
SOURCE: Profiles, North Carolina Counties

TABU 13
Employees. Payroll, and Establi,hments, by Industry: 1974
tExcludes goverment employees, railroad employees, self -employe- persons, etc. -- see "General Explanation". Size class 1 to 4 includes
establishments having payroll during 1st quarter but no employers during mid -March pay period. "D" denotes figures withheld to avoid
disclosure of operations of individual establishments)
No. of
Employees
for week
Including First
"arcn 12 iaiarter
1 5 10 20 50 . 100 250 500 1000
to to to to to to to or
nnual Total 4 9 19 49 99 244 999 more
P. 'LICO
Total 958 844 __i.986 144 106 19 8 7 3 1 = - -
ARricultural services, forestry,
fisheries 43 81 378 29 29 - - - - - - -
LontraLt constru.tfon
N:anufacturing
I-od ana kindred products
Misc. fonds and kindred products
Fresh or frozen packaged fish
58
189
147
110
(8)
77
174
104
55
(D)
331
70
439
165
(D)
13
14
5
3
2
10
6
-
-
-
1
4
2
1
1
1
1
-
-
-
1
3-
3
2
I
- - - - -
- - - - -
- - - - -
- - - - -
_
lran+l.rtition and other public utilities
42 _
83
366
6
4
3
1
--
:hnle�ale trade
240
15il
933
19
12
1
2
2
2 - - - -
'Owl —ale trades---non-durable goods
238
153
920
18
11
1
2
2
2 - - - -
•.ro..r:_s and related products
21'
123
755
13
7
-
2 _
2
2 - - - -
Fish in-1 se.if_.,ds
21%
1_23
755
13
7
-
2
2
_2 - - - -
%.,tail trade - - -�
200
141
_
6-.1
33
25
6
1-
4eneral merch.anlise stores
(C)
(p)
GO
2
1
-
--
)Ifsr.henrral_ n,_rc hind lse stores
((.) _i
—
(Ill
(U)
Financ,_, in-.ur,�nc_e, and real estate
(B)
(D)
(?)
6
5
-
-
5trviras
51
33
150
12
8
3
1
__— _ _
`:unclassifiable establishments
103
45 !
_ 211
_ _10
_ 7
1
1
-
1

NATURAL
TED TO
Pamlico County's natural resources may be catalogued as a
rich agricultural soil, timberland, commercial fishing, sportfishing,
and hunting, vacation areas, and large phosphate deposit within its
Much of the soil needs ditches and large canals for drainage
to be productive. When this is done it is very rich, level, and well
adapted for mass production farming. Some of the pocosin is being
adapted for timber by the large timber and pulpwood companies such
as Weyerhaeuser. The land is thoroughly cleared, drained, disced,
and planted with the desired species of trees much as any other crop
would be planted. This timber is hauled directly by truck,to the
saw mills or paper mills.
Commercial fishing consists of the taking of crabs, oysters,
shrimp, and fish in the Pamlico Sound as well as some deep-sea fishing
outside of Ocracoke Inlet. The main fishing ports are Oriental,
Pamlico, Bayboro, Vandemere, Whortonsville, Hobucken, and Lowland.
The following is a list of sea food processing companies in the County:
TABLE 14
Name Location
Bayboro Dehydrating Co.
Bayboro,
NC
Bay River Seafood Co.
Stonewall, NC
Cahoon Brothers Seafood
Lowland,
NC
Garland Fulcher Seafood
Oriental,
NC
Gaskill Seafoods
Bayboro,
NC
Sound Packing Co.
Merritt,
NC
Lowland Seafood Co.
Lowland,
NC
Harbor Packing Co.
Lowland,
NC
Fulcher Crab Co.
Oriental,
NC
C.M. Muse Seafood
Oriental,
NC
Stephenson Seafood Co.
Oriental,
NC
R.E. Mayo Packing Co.
Hobucken,
NC
McCotter Seafood Co.
Vandemere,
NC
Pamlico Packing Co.
Vandemere,
NC
Riverview Crab Co.
Oriental,
NC
28

.Sportfishing and hunting, in addition to fishing in.the Sound,
consists of the hunting of wild ducks in the salt marshes and also
the shooting of some bear, deer, quail, marsh hens, etc. There is
a wildlife game refuge near Hobucken. These fishermen and guides
usually practice subsistence farming to carry over between seasons.
There are several concentrations of vacation camps and cottages
along the north shore of the Neuse River near Minnesott Beach,
Oriental, and Janiero. The larger camps are Camp Seagull and Camp
Don Lee. It is a quiet, scenic area to spend the summer and many
people come there for swimming, sailing and water skiing. A golf
course located in Minnesott Beach also provides activities for year-
round users.
Many people come to the County year after year for vacations
and some permanently to retire. The Inland Waterway passes Hobucken
and Oriental and pleasure boats stop at the Marina in Oriental.
A
29

TABLE 15
North Carolina
PRELIMINARY FI11FISH & SHELLFISH LANDINGS
1978 Totals
FINFISH SHELLFISH TOTAL
COUNTY POUNDS VALUE POUNDS VALUE POUNDS VALUE
Beaufort
1,813,000
609,771
2,9223900
915,280
4,735,900
1,525,051
Bertie
22234,700
133,638
2,234,700
133,638
Brunswick
1,143,300
773,360
1,477,800
1,388,103
2,621,100
2,161,463
CARTERET
26,758,200
4,395,387
10,454,700
6,166,200
37,212,900
10,561,587
Chowan
5,408,774
494,817
14,200
3,130
5,422,974
497,947
CRAVEN
25,900
6,173
16,400
2,460
42,300
8,638
Currituck
406,300
161,606
600,500
106,230
1,006,800
267,836
Dare
16,569,500
4,996,236
51994,200
4,087,390
22,563,700
9,083,626
Hyde
4,930,400
994,260
3,397,100
891,392
8,327,500
1,885,652
0 Martin
0
151,100
6,091
151,100
6,091
New Hanover
737,400
403,942
303,100
378,408
1,040,500
782,350
ONSLOW
531,100
156,485
1,092,700
743,243
1,623,800
899,728
PAMLICO
12,552,300
3,054,731
2,859,800
1,262,762
15,412,100
4,317,493
Pasquotank
455,626
185,509
140,40G
21,326
596,026
206,835
Fender
2172100
39,414
79,700
97,378
296,800
136,792
Tyrrell
750,800
281,141
978,300
159,134
1,729,100
440,275
Washington
523,400
126,373
1,000
193
533,400
126,566
REGION P
39,867,500
7,612,781
14,423,600
8,174,665
54,291,100
15,787,446
NC Total 75,208,900 16,818,939 30,332,800 16,222,629 105,550,700 33,041,568
SOURCE: NC Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, Division of Marine Fisheries.

The phosphate mines in adjoining Beaufort County have developed
lwo'n mn.jor. Indimtry, it In unr or the rirhent drporlitn invxin-
tence and there are many other industries that are related to the uses
of phosphate that could develop. One of the studies for a deep water
canal for Lees Creek to the port of Morehead City follows the Inland `
Waterway through Pamlico County. Such a canal overland would.be
easier to maintain than one across the sound to Ocracoke Inlet.
Industries related to phosphates are the manufacture of fertilizers,
toothpaste, detergent and etc. This is a similar situation to that
of the port of Galveston with a deep sea canal leading to Houston,
which began as a phosphate mining operation. There are also large
deposits of phosphate under parts of Pamlico County.
Summary of Natural Resources:
1. The Neuse River and Pamlico Sound with its seafood industry
sportflshing,and recreation are a valuable asset to the
County.
2. The rich agricultural soils are the source of much of the
County's wealth and a ready source of employment which
could be expanded.
3. Its woodlands and swamps are a potential source of employment
and Income for the County.
4. The phosphate mining operation although not presently in
the County can afford employment and stimulate other industry
in the County. There are major deposits of phosphate in
Pamlico County that can be operable at a later date.
31

Commercial Timber Companies
There are a number of large companies who own land in Pamlico
County with the main plants operating in neighboring counties as those
in Craven and Beaufort.
TABLE 16
Companies Ownership in Pamlico County
Weyerhaeuser 20,660.92 acres
Pamlico Timber 16,336.00 acres
International Paper ll,100.07 acres
Taylor 14,051.20 acres
Total 62,148.19 acres
These companies conduct proper forestry activities and provide
access to their landholdings for hunters and other recreational activities.
In conjunction with the forestlands and the natural features of
the County, recreational activities could be developed on a commercial
basis. Hunting, fishing, and water sports have the potential of
drawing from well outside county lines. The supplying of facilities
and services to vacationers,.hunters and fishers could become one of
Pamlico County's most productive businesses.
These forest lands are shown on the existing land use map.
Private and public recreation lands are shown on the existing land
use as well.
32

Agricultural Economy
The increased interest in industrial and commercial development
trends to over -shadow the agricultural segment of the economy. However,
agriculture is one of the nation's largest industries. Although the
trend is toward fewer workers because of mechanization the income from
farming will increase due to the necessity to meet the nation's increas-
ing need for food.
In addition to the farmer's direct support of the overall economy
by his own production, he supports other segments of the economy through
purchases of machinery, tractors, equipment, fuel, fertilizer, utility
services, etc. Products from farms are utilized in meat packing, fer-
tilizer, cannery, textile, and other industries.
North Carolina ranks high among the states in agricultural employ-
ment and capacity being first in farm population, first in flue cured
tobacco, first in total tobacco production, first in value of home con-
sumption from crops and livestock, first in cash receipts from farm
forestry, first in sweet potato production and fifth in cash farm income.
In 1969, approximately 21.0 percent of Pamlico County's 216,128 acres
of land area was devoted to farming. Total cropland acreage represented
26,767 acres while harvested cropland represented 20,533 acres. In
1976, 61 percent of the County's 183,243 acres in tracts of 10 acres or
more was in farmland. Harvested cropland totaled 31,440 acres, an in-
crease in over 10,000 acres since 1969.
33

TABLE 17
Average Size of Farms in Pamlico County
Year 1959 1964 1969 1974.
Size 132.6 acres 172.1 acres 158.9 acres 205 acres
The number of farms in Pamlico County is steadily decreasing. However,
it is unusual to note that the average farm size actually decreased between
1964 and 1969. However,'in 1974, farm size again increased. It is evident
that mechanization is playing a more dominant role in farming, requiring
that former unskilled farm labor be retrained for other job opportunities.
In 1969 there appeared to be a downward trend in agriculture even though
the trend was slight. Money from total farm products sold was down from
$3,787,850 in 1964 to $3,714,163 in 1969. Crop production suffered the sharpest
decline with forest production, livestock and poultry production showing
minimal gains. This decrease in production is caused by the reduction in
farm land from 56,789 acres in 1964 to 45,446 acres in 1969. It is a little
unusual that both farm size and total farm acreage is decreasing in a rural
county such as Pamlico. However, this 1969 slump reversed itself and by 1973
croplands and estimated farm income were on the increase.
Productive agricultural lands are shown on the existing land use map.
34

TABLE 18
Agricultural Economic Trends in Pamlico County
1964
1969
1974
Total farm products
sold
$3,787,850
3,714,163
7,241,000
Average sold per farm
11.478
12,986
32,181
Crops including nursery
2,944,458
2;567,576
6,298,000
products and hay
Forest products
36,426
47,885
148,000
Livestock, poultry,
and
806,821
1,098,702
793,000
their products
TABLE 19
Pamlico County Farm Acreage
& Income
Year Acres
of Harvested
& Idle
Estimated Farm Income
Cropland
1963
29,455
$4,907,847
1964
30,779
5,346,744
1965
30,785
5,047,636
1966
31,007
4,549,204
1967
31,886
5,226,195
1968
31,012
5,330,478
1969
29,897
5,529,000
1970
29,752
5,668,671
1971
33,553
5,021,454
1972
32,526
5,817,000
1973
N/A
8,786,000
1974
25,452
N/A
35

w
cN
TABLE 20
ACRES DEVOTED TO MAJOR CROPS, YIELD PER ACRE, AND VALUE OF PRODUCTION
PAMLICO COUNTY
Corn for Grain
Soybeans
Tobacco
Acres
Bushels Value'
Acres
Bushels
Value'
Acres
Pounds
Value'
County
Harvested
Per Acre (million $)
Harvested
Per Acre
(million $)
Harvested
Per Acre
(million $)
Pamlico
6,400
90.0 0.8
16,500
28.0
1.9
605
1,965
1.0
North
Carolina
1,280,000
80.0 $151.6
1,165,000
25.0
120.2
339,700
2,003
580.9
'Value of crop production is not equivalent to "cash receipts from farm marketing"
SOURCE: North Carolina Department of Agriculture, 1974. North Carolina Agricultural Statistics, 1973-74
Annual. Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Department of Agriculture. Raleigh, 72 PP.

HOUSING
In June of 1980, Pamlico County adopted a County Housing Element
prepared by the Neuse River Council of Governments Rural Initiative. Project
funded through a grant from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development.
This Housing Element responds to Federal requirements for housing elements
as required by the US Department of Housing and Urban Developments Compre-
hensive Planning Assistance '701' Program.
This Element should be considered the primary data source.in reference
to housing in Pamlico County. The following is a discussion of the housing
conditions taken from the County Housing Element.
Plumbing Facilities
The closest indicators of housing conditions that we have from the 1970
Census are data on the lack of plumbing facilities. 1The figures cited
in Table 21 indicate dwelling units "lacking one or more plumbing facilities."
This single factor is not the best indicator as to the suitability of a
dwelling unit as a place in which to live; but it is the best such indicator
available at the present time.
Pamlico County has a total of 1067 units which lack complete plumbing.
This represent approximately 35.8% of a total housing stock of 2979.
Overcrowding
Overcrowding is defined as "the number of occupied housing units with
1.01 or more persons per room". A total of 340 units in Pamlico County or
11.4% of the year-round units are overcrowded.
1Defined as the total number of housing units lacking complete plumbing.
37

Rent and Value
Housing values and rents are influenced by many factors. Foremost
t
among these are location, size, quality of construction, availability, and
adequacy of utilities and sewers and market demand. The average monthly
rent in Pamlico County according to 1979 updates was $55.00, while the
average home was $11,500.
Vacancies
Vacancy rates are an important consideration in a housing study.
Vacancy rates are an indicator of the extent to which poorer families are
able to occupy dwellings vacated by the higher income as they move into
more expensive housing units. This process is known as the "filtering
process."
The number of vacancies in an area also determines the amount of choice
a housing consumer has in locating a dwelling unit that meets the needs and
budget constraints of a family. Vacancy rates also impact upon the supply
and demand factors since when supply exceeds demand (particularly in rental
units), the prices are more likely to stabilize or decrease.
The average vacancy rate in Pamlico County is approximately 3%.
Owner -Occupied
A relatively large number of homes in Pamlico County are owner -occupied.
According to 1979 updates approximately 83% of the housing units in Pamlico
County are owner -occupied. There was little variation in this rate throughout
the county.
In summary, as of 1979 updates, approximately 35.8% of all housing in
Pamlico County is "lacking one or more plumbing facilities." Interpreting
this another way, approximately 35.8% of all housing in Pamlico County is
substandard.
38

*Source: U.S. Census of Housing
TABLE 21 Fifth County Summary Tapes
Pamlico County
Growth Factor 1.045 Selected Housing Characteristics - 1979
Lacking one or 1.01+ Persons Aver. Monthly Aver. Vacancy Owner Occupanc
Area - All Units1 Number
Ell 1 316 I 126
ED 2 104 b�
%
402
Number
25
X
7%
$
61
$
7,640
No. X
4 12
No.
259
.7,
82"
62
17
16
Less than 40
12 100
12 11
84-
81
ED 3
217
56
26
17
8
60
12,600
ED 4
185
63
34
17
9
78
13,000
F:D 5.
368
218
59
57
16
55
14.400
ED 6
396
98
25
40
10
56
12,000
ED 7
197
71
36
17
8
ED 8
110
32
29
9
8
51 _
10.300
1-
ED 9
341
118
35
48
14
55
8,900
0 11$St_
ED 10
11
� 173
37
21
6
4
59
n0
78
12
15
6
8
Less than 40
0 0
64
82
ED 12
208
94
45
42
20
Less than 40
11,500
1 '
175
84
ED 13
286
78
27
39
14
62
12.100
20 7
__
84
Pamlico
lur�y79
1067
_
35.87
340
11.4?
55
11 500
86 3'
2471 83;.

romrT TTCTnMC
The population of Pamlico County has stabilized over the last ten years
( and is expected to increase only moderately for the foreseeable future. The
loss of population projected in the early seventies should not occur. The
natural population increase of the County coupled with minor retirement and
resort development should serve to neutralize the expected continuation
91 of out -migration. The population of the County is growing older and generally
becoming less economically disadvantaged, when compared to the state as a
whole,than in earlier years.
The young adults leaving the county in search of employment are being
replaced by older financially established adults seeking the benefits of
retirement in Pamlico. Major changes in these trends are not expected with-
out additional employment sources for the younger citizens. Many other
Pamlico residents enjoy the natural environment of the county while commuting
to work in surrounding areas. Continued growth in the County is expected
r
I. as the education attainment of county citizens increase and the income
levels of residents become more in line with those of the state.
A primary problem though largely difficult to identify to what extent
is the degree of incompatibility between the three major county income
producers of forestry, agriculture, and the seafood industry. The first
two are at present considered compatible however, they may contribute
_the-waxer—pollution found in many areas and indirectly if not directly affect
the seafood__Industry,Another major factor is the potential pollution
problem resulting from increasing numbers of seasonal and permanent residences
located along the many creeks and rivers.
Housing is also an area where improvement is badly needed. Substandard
housing,however, can best be viewed as a primary result of the economic
conditions. Major housing improvement will require both assistance from state
and federal programs and improved economic conditions in the county.
rc

Forestry remains the largest land use in the county followed by
agriculture. Timber production is one of the three most important economic
resources of the county. Agriculture trends nre following those of the state
and nation with fewer and larger farms. Harvested crop land is not expected
to increase significantly in the future; however, agriculture will remain
the most important income. The commerical seafood industry is very
important and should remain an income producer in Pamlico County. Phosphate
mining within the county boundary is not anticipated in the near future. '
Existing problems as discussed can be divided into two areas. Those
associated with the economic conditions of some county residents, and those
resulting from the less than ideally compatible three major income producers
in the county.
In 1979, over thirty-five percent of all housing units in the county
lacked one or more plumbing facility. Income levels despite.significant
increases are still low in comparison with the state and national averages.
Skilled industrial employment is practically non-existent. The county
continues as a rural agriculturally oriented society with the classic
causes and effects.
In conclusion, Pamlico exists today much as it always has with this
being one of the major beauties and attractions of the area. Growth and
change, however, have not completely passed the county by. Many new residents
are coming to live and retire in the county. New and expanded services
are being expected by county residents, and young people are as always
seeking employment to allow them to remain in the county. The County is
growing and existing conditions have and are continuing to improve. The
potential of the County is excellent when the many substantial natural
resources are combined with a population determined to improve its quality
of life.
41

C. EXISTING LAND USE
42

EXISTING LAND USE
Introduction
In order to make proposals and projections for future land use
it is first necessary to analyze existing land use patterns in an effort
�o=nsistances
to identifyor problems as they now exist. In the analysis
of the Pamlico County existing land use a number of techniques were used.
The windshield survey was of prime importance in gathering needed data
along with the use of aerial photos, tax maps and records, and variety
of census data. The mapping of existing land use was updated in March
of 1980. 1980 land use is shown through the use of an overlay of the
1976 land use map.
Category Color Code
Urban and Built -Up Yellow
Residential Red
Commercial Violet
Industrial
Transportation, Communication Gray
and Utilities Dark Blue
Government and Institutional
Cultural, Entertainment and
Recreation Green
Undeveloped Land White
Agriculture Brown Hatched
Forest Lands Green Hatched
Water Light Blue
Wetlands Light Blue Hatched
Barren Brown
Originally a complete set of maps at the scale of 1:400 was completed
showing the land use in great detail. .This was also transferred to U.S.G.S.
maps at the scale of 1:24,000. A copy of the existing land use map with
1980 update is shown on page 50.
43

In an effort to better analyze Pamlico County's land use
patterns as they presently exist each township will be discussed as
to the types of land use for that township separately and as a part -
of the County.
Pamlico County consists of five townships. The total acreage of
the County is 364,400 with 151,000 acres being water and 213,400 being
land. The major categories composing the 213,400 acres are: forestry
157,000, crops and pasture 33,500, marshland 19,000 and urbanized 2,900.
Though Pamlico County does not have any major urban area within the County's
boundaries there are a number of small towns and villages. There are
thirteen small towns ranging from 1978 a population of 930 in Bayboro
to 150 people in Minnesott Beach. The majority of urban oriented land use
is clustered around the communities or stripped along Pamlico's primary
highways between communities. The 1970 census listed 3,583 dwelling
units in Pamlico County of which 509 were mobile homes. 623 seasonal
dwelling units were scattered throughout the County. The 1980 Pamlico
County Housing Element estimates 2,979 housing units in the County.
35.8% of these units lack one or more plumbing facility.
Pamlico County is primarily a rural County with the majority of
its land in production. Pamlico County depends primarily on agriculture,
forestry and fishing as is evident by the percentage of land use equated
with these activities. Pamlico County has a great deal of fragile land
due to its large amount of shoreline and the lack of appreciable
elevation throughout the County.
Pamlico County has approximately 263 miles of primary and secondary
roads which provide fair accessibility to the clusters of population.
44

The highest average daily traffic count in Pamlico County is on
Highway 55 between Grantsboro and Alliance. This average daily count
was a relatively low 4,500 in 1978, and average daily increase of 500
vehicles from 1974.
The lack of north -south transportation has "haunted" the peninsula
on which Pamlico County is located since the transition from water
transportation to vehicular transportation. This fact continues to be
a major "stumbling block" in the development of the County and the
utilization of the County's assets. The matter overshadows any other
transportation problem in the County to such an extent that it is the
only major matter covered in the thoroughfare plan. The system of
roads -is one of many factors which directly affects the development of
urban type development in an area.
Currently there are no major identifiable land use compatibility
problems in Pamlico County outside of the overall problem of the envir-
onmentally sensitive geographic location of the County. Residential
dwellings in the County are predominantly single family with conventional
septic tank systems. The compatibility of these systems with the surround-
ing environment is very questiona tP in man areas due to poor soil
conditions.
Non point sources of pollution in addition to the septic systems
are those associated with agricultural run off from fields and pastures,
extensive mosquito drainage ditching, and high yield forestry practices.
The extent to which each of these have contributed to the pollution of
the Neuse River cannot be substantiated.
These problems associated with relatively unplanned or poorly planned
development are those found in many counties in eastern North Carolina.
The problems stemming from unpaved roads in older subdivisions, poor
drainage in subdivisions, and to a lesser degree, very mixed land uses in
45

some areas are relatively common to Pamlico County. The lack of
significant population growth, however, has spared Pamlico County the
major problems normally associated with unplanned growth and development.
The predominant land use has not changed from forestry and agricul-
ture and with minor exceptions is not expected to change during the next
ten years.. Exceptions may occur in Minnesott Beach and Oriental which
are becoming retirement communities and are continuing vacation areas.
Residential development in Pamlico County has recently been limited to
these areas. The only major change in the predominant land use expected
in the future is the mining of phosphate which, though large deposits
exist in the northern portion of the County, is not expected to occur
during the planning period.
Identifiable Areas of Environment Concern located in Pamlico County
are estuarine waters, coastal wetlands, public trust areas, and estuarine
shorelines. Existing land uses within AECs are generally compatible
with development criteria of the Coastal Resources Commission. There are
no existing major uses which directly conflict with the intent of-AECs.
Current uses include those normally permitted through the various AEC
criteria.
TABLE 22
Existing Land Use
Land Use Acres Percent
Forestry 157,000 94.0
Crops & Pasture 33,000 15.7
Urban & Built -Up 2,900 1.4
Marshland 19,000 8.9
Total 213,000 100.0
46

Township No. 1
Township One is the western most township in Pamlico County
and therefore the closest township to an urban center, New Bern.
The Township extends from the northern to the southern limits of
the County with the northern portion being forested pocosin.
Scattered agricultural and residential development occurs south of
Highway 55 with urban type uses located predominantly at the cross-
roads at Grantsboro and in Reelsboro. In 1979, Township One had
763 permanent structure homes of which 124 were seasonal. There
were also 141 mobile homes of which 15 were seasonal units. 1979
estimates indicate 593 dwelling units. Kennels Beach has the
highest intensity seasonal population in the County. The township has
a fair network of roads with two arteries, Highway 55 and 306 and
secondary roads south of Highway 55. Most of the residential development
occurs along the major highways and along the Neuse River in the southern
portion of the County.
Township No. 2
Township Two extends from the center of Pamlico County to the
Pamlico Sound at the eastern limits of the County. The western half
of the Township is forested pocosin and the eastern portion along the
sound is marshland. There,is scattered agricultural activity among the
four major communities of Township Two, Stonewall, Pamlico, Whortonsville,
Florence and Merritt. The network of highways in the Township is not
very extensive and serves primarily the area around Stonewall and to the
south and east.
47

Residential development is concentrated mainly around Stonewall with
other scattered locations. In 1970, Township Two had 395 permanent
residences of which 71 were seasonal. There were 78 mobile homes and
25 of which were seasonal units. 1979 estimates indicate 451 dwelling
units in the township.
Township No. 3
Township Three is located in the north central portion of the
county and contains the county seat, Bayboro and three other towns,
Vandemere, Mesic, and Alliance. Alliance and Bayboro have generally
contiguous boundaries and are stripped along most of the western
portion of Highway 55 within the Township. These areas provide the
majority of the commercial areas for not only the Township but for the
entire County. This is also the primary area of governmental activity
within the county since Bayboro is the county seat.
Approximately two-thirds of the land area in the Township is forested
pocosin in the northern part of the Township and shifts to agriculture
in the south and finally developed land along the southern most area _
of the Township. The road system in the Township is good immediately
north and south of Highway 55 with almost a total absence of state main-
tained roads in the northern reaches of the Township. Residential
development is located along the major road network concentrating in the
four primary areas. There were 775 permanent structure homes in 1970
of which 39 were seasonal. Township Three had 92 mobile homes, 6 of which
were seasonal units. 1979 estimates indicate 874 dwelling units in the
Township.
48

Township No. 4
Township -Four is located in the northeastern corner of the County
and is the most isolated of the townships, the majority being located
on Goose.Creek Island. A portion of the Township is included in Goose
Creek Wildlife Management Area in the west bounding the inter -coastal
waterway on both sides. Approximately one-third of the Township, along
• its eastern boundary, is marshland. The Township has two small villages,
Hobucken and Lowland in which most of the urban type development, in-
cluding residential development occurs. Township Four had 261 permanent
structured residences in 1970, and 17 of which were seasonal. There
were also 41 mobile homes of which 10 were seasonal. 1979 estimates
indicate 316 dwelling units. The road system in the Township is poor
providing a general lack of access. The quality of the living environment
in the Township is very rural and centers around the water.
Township No. 5
Township Five is located in the southeastern portion of the County
and has a long shoreline of high banks on the Neuse River. The Township
has some forestlands and a fairly large percentage of agriculture. The
Township has a fairly good system of roads, and development has occurred
around the three towns in the Township, Oriental, Minnesott Beach, and
Arapahoe. The Township has the highest concentration of seasonal residences
in the County. There were 239 permanent structured dwelling units in 1970,
88 of which were seasonal units. 1979 estimates indicate 745 units, a
major increase in township housing units. The Township has an extensive
water front with high bluffs and beaches. Most residential development in
Pamlico County has in recent years occurred in Township Five. Oriental
and Minnesott Beach have become small retirement centers. Seasonal
residences also have a large influence in this township.
49

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•
D. CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES, AND REGULATIONS
52

CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES, AND REGULATIONS
Local, State, and Federal Regulations, Plans and Policies
Pamlico County has a variety of local ordinances, plans, and codes
as well as being subject to State and Federal regulations. enforcement
of these codes is handled by county, state, and federal authorities
• depending on the type and origin of the regulations.
SUMMARY OF EXISTING PLANS
Plans & Policies
The following plans and policies will be discussed in relation—
ship to Pamlico County:
A. transportation
B. community facilities
C. utilities extension policies
D. open space policies
E. recreation policies
F. prior land use plan
G. prior land use policies
H. housing
A) A thoroughfare plan for Pamlico County was adopted by
Pamlico County, February, 1971. It was adopted by the
North Carolina State Highway Commission, May, 1971.
The Thoroughfare Plan shows existing and proposed minor
collector roads.
B) A water and sewer plan was prepared for Pamlico County
by Paul M. Van Camp Associates, Inc. (1968). This Plan
discusses the needs of the communities in the County.as
well as the cost of the proposed facilities. Since this
Plan has been completed, Bayboro and Oriental and their
surrounding areas have completed 201 planning studies
addressing the need and cost of waste water facilities.
53

Pamlico has also began operation of a countywide
water system. This system will eventually serve the
entire county; currently it serves approximately 500
users in the Bayboro, Alliance, and Stonewall area:
The County began this service with the purchase of
the Bayboro municipal water in December, 1979. Full
operation of the first phase of the system is anti-
cipated in the fall of 1980. The system will serve
approximately 2,300 users at that time. The service
is available for a tap on fee to all potential com-
mercial and residential users with existing lines.
Extensions to new areas (residential, commercial or
industrial), will be considered individually, on a cost
benefit analysis.
C) A Community Facilities Plan was completed by the N.C.
Division of Community Planning in 1970. This Plan
is the only existing plan for community facilities
in Pamlico County.
D) "An Appraisal of Potentials for Outdoor Recreational
Development in Pamlico County" was completed in 1974
by the U.S-. Soil Conservation Service. There are no
open space or recreation policies for the County.
E) The existing Pamlico County Land Use Plan was adopted
in May of 1976 to comply with the Coastal Area Man-
agement Act of 1974. Land use policies prior to that
date did not exist.
F) Pamlico County adopted a Housing Element in May of
1980. The element meets Federal requirements of U.S.
54

Department of Housing and Urban Development's Com-
prehensive Planning Assistance "701" Program.
LOCAL ORDINANCES AND MEANS OF ENFORCEMENT
A) Zoning Ordinance: A zoning ordinance for Pamlico
County was adopted in 1970. Towns in the. County
r
may come under the zoning ordinance if they desire.
At this,,time the Towns of Stonewall and Vandemere
adhere to the County zoning ordinance. These two
towns are the only areas of the County where the
ordinance is in affect. The County zoning admin-
istrator (building inspector) enforces the zoning
ordinance.
B) Subdivision Regulations: The Board of County
Commissioners approved the county subdivision re-
gulations with an effective date of December 3,
1973 in accordance with the provisions of North Caro-.
lina General Statutes Chapter 153, Article 20A.
C) F_loodway Ordinance: There is no floodway ordinance
in effect however, the County complies with the
regulations of the National Flood Insurance Program.
D) Building Inspection: Pamlico County enforces the
North Carolina State Building Code. The code is
enforced by the County Building Inspector.
E) Septic Tank: .Septic tank regulations are enforced by
the Pamlico County Health Department in compliance
with the State of North Carolina regulations.
55

F) Pamlico County has no ordinances, codes, or regulations,
or exercises any enforcement powers relevant to historic
districts, nuisance, dune protection, sedimentation,. or
environmental impact.
FEDERAL AND STATE REGULATIONS
This list has been compiled by NRCD and is available for inspec-
tion in the Departments Field Office in Washington, N.C.
56

E. CONSTRAINTS: LAND SUITABILITY
57

Physical Limitation to Development
Man -Made Hazard Area
There is only one man-made hazard area in Pamlico County. This
area, located at Brent Island is a bombing target area for the US Marine
Corps Air Station at Cherry Point in Craven County.
Natural Hazard Areas
Pamlico has two major categories of hazard areas within the
County. These two categories are areas of excessive erosion and
coastal flood plains. Although these are the only two categories
of hazard areas found in Pamlico County they are very extensive and
effect a major part of the County.
Excessive Erosion Areas
These areas are defined as the land area extending from the mainland -
water interface, landward to a prediction line indicating the probable
Y shoreline 100 years hence. Development within these areas are subject
to the damaging process of erosion unless special development standards
and preventive measures are employed. The objective of these special
standards will be to insure that development occurring.within the 100-
year erodibility line is compatible with the dynamic nature of the
erodible lands thus minimizing the likelihood of significant loss of
property.
Pamlico County has 348 miles of bay and estuary shoreline
and no ocean shoreline. The 348 miles is further divided into beach
shoreline with 51 miles and non -beach shoreline with 297 miles. There
are 30 miles of critical and 24 miles of non -critical erosive shorelines.
The remaining 294 miles is classified as non -eroding shoreline.
58

The vast majority of the 348 miles of shoreline is undeveloped.
There nre only two miles clnsnifird nA public recrentton, ten miles
of private recreation, 24 miles of non -recreational development and
the remaining 312 miles as undeveloped.
The areas subject to erosion in Pamlico County are limited
to the shoreline of the Neuse River and portions of creeks and streams
extending southeast from Kennels Beach around Wilkinson Point then
northeast to a point approximately halfway between .Janiero and Oriental,
then continuing from a point just west of Coddle Creek to a point just
west of Broad Creek. The positions of the shoreline from Wilkinson
Point northeast are generally low and also subject to flooding while
the shoreline southwest of the Wilkinson Point area are high banked
shorelines dropping off sharply where the land meets the water.
Coastal Flood Plains - Coastal flood plains are defined as the.land areas
adjacent to coastal sounds, estuaries or the ocean which are prone to
flooding from storms with an annual probability of one percent or
greater (100 year storm). These areas are analogous to the 100 year flood
plain on a river. They are subject to wave action as well as flooding
during severe storms or hurricanes. These are lands where uncontrolled,
incompatible, or improperly designed buildings, structures, facilities,
and development can unreasonably endanger life and property. Generally
these areas are not subject to severe erosion or dynamic action unless
they lie directly adjacent to an estuary or the ocean. The objective
of establishing policies in these areas is to insure that all buildings,
structures, facilities, and developments are properly designed and built M
to maintain their stability, integrity, and safety in the event of flood
surge from a 100 year storm. `
59

Pamlico County has a very large portion of its land area classi-
fied as subject to coastal flooding. Although the detailed flood prone
{ maps for Pamlico County are not available, as yet, preliminary infor-
mation indicates that all lands lying below 14 feet mean sea level
are subject to flooding from a 100 year frequency flood. The majority
of the land lying east of Highway 306 which marks the extent of a previous
seashore lies below 14 feet.mean sea level and is subject to inundation
during periods of flooding. There is a minor area of flooding west
of this ancient duneline along upper Board Creek and Goose Creek. This
area extends from the Neuse River northward almost to Highway 55 and is
subject to coastal flooding.
It is evident that an extensive amount of land area in Pamlico
County must be subject to some type of standards which will reduce
the risk to life and property damage in these hazard areas. This
f
would not eliminate development or use of these areas; however,
it would require that the potential.for danger is recognized and
appropriate steps be taken to minimize possible damage resulting from
either coastal flooding or erosional activities.
Soils
Soils are probably the most important natural feature to consider
in determining the best use of land. Soil characteristics such as
percolation rate, shrink -swell ration, load -bearing potential,
drainage, and slope obviously determine and affect the use and manage-
ment of land. The Soil Conservation Service has grouped the soils in
the County into seven soil associations. The soils that constitute an
association are similar in origin, color, and structure. However, they
may differ slightly in drainage, slope and other characteristics that
may affect soil management.
Each soil's association normally consists of one or more major
r, 4

soils and at least one minor soil, and is named for the major soil in
the order of their dominance in the association.
Soil interpretations based on the generalized soils map are shown
with the Appendix. The table gives the suitability of the principal
soils for general agricultural and forest uses. In addition, it also
indicates the limitations of soils when used for non -farm purposes,
such as campsites, picnic areas, intensive play areas, dwellings with
septic'tank absorption fields or sewage systems, and foundation for
light industries and roads. The table reveals that most of the soils
in Pamlico County present moderate to severe limitations for most
non -farm uses. As a result, careful attention must be exercised in
selecting areas of the County for future development.
A general description of the seven soil associations in Pamlico
County is contained in the Appendix. A progressive soil survey program
was initiated in.the County in January of 1978. The US.Soil Conservation
Services should be consulted for detailed soil information.
61

Source of Water Supply
Pamlico County is underlaid by about 3,500 feet of sediment
ranging in age from cretaceous to recent. These sediments that are
eocene age and younger will be considered here due to the belief
that older formations contain relatively highly mineralized water
and not considered as current sources of ground water supply.
The Castle Hayne limestone is a highly productive artesian
aquifer in Pamlico County and the principle source of water supply.
This aquifer ranges from 200 to 400 feet in thickness and is com-
posed of indurated shell limestone, domestic shell limestone, and
beds of calcareous sand. Domestic wells, penetrating only a few feet
of the aquifer, yield 20 to 50 gallons per minute, and large diameter
commercial wells yield several hundred gallons per minute with very
little drawdown.
The Yorktown aquifer overlying the Castle Hayne contains inter-
bedded sands, marls, and clays. The sands and marls yield moderate
quantities of water and small diameter wells that are generally ade-
quate for domestic use. The shell beds found at various horizons in
the aquifer provide most of the water withdrawn from the aquifer.
The non -artesian aquifer is most extensively used as a source of
water supply in the western part of the County. The surficial sands
reach their greatest thickness in this area of higher elevation, and
provide an adequate source of supply for shallow dug or, driven domestic
wells. This aquifer is used less extensively as it changes in lithology
to include a greater percentage of clay along the beach ridge on the
Pamlico terrace.
62

Water Quality - The chemical quality of water from the Castle
Hayne aquifer is very similar to that of the overlying Yorktown
aquifer. Both contain water that is characteristically hard, have
a PH in the range of 7.2 to 8.2 and in which the iron content
ranges from .06 to .05 parts per million. The chloride content in
water from both the Castle Hayne and the Yorktown aquifer is low,
falling generally in the range of 10 to 40 parts per million.
At depths exceeding 300 feet, water from the Castle Hayne
aquifer contained very small amounts of chloride. The relatively
low chloride content of the water at this depth in Pamlico County pro-
bably reflects the close proximity to the recharge area of the aquifer,
the high permeability of the aquifer and the height of the piezometric
surface about sea level, all of which would contribute to the flushing
of residual seawater from the aquifer or retarded seawater encroach-
ment.
Higher concentrations of chloride occur in the water of the York-
town in areas adjacent to bodies of brackish or saline water. Water
from the Castle Hayne aquifer, in the eastern part of the County, emits
a strong odor of hydrogen sulfide.
Water from the shallow, non -artesian aquifer is generally soft and
free of odor. It commonly contains up to three parts per million iron
and is usually slightly acid and corrosive. The water in this aquifer
was found to be free of chloride contamination in the inland areas.
Along the coast, however, where the aquifer is hydraulically connected
with the brackish water of the sound and rivers and subject to inundation
by high storm tides, chloride concentrations are higher.
63

Water Use - Presently all water supplies in Pamlico County is
developing a water system to serve the entire County. The system
presently serves 500 users and will expand to approximately 2,300
users by the fall of 1980. The system will have 6 wells into
the Castle Hayne aquifer. These wells will produce 2650
gallons per minute. Users other than those on the water system must
rely on private wells.
Public System at Minnesott Beach - The Town of Minnesott Beach
purchased a private water system serving a newly developing portion of
the Town. The town will continue to expand the existing system to serve
all residents of the Town. This existing water system consists of 75,000
gallons elevated storage tank, 18,600 feet of 8", 6", and 3" diameter mains
and valves. Also included are 18 fire hydrants, chlorination equipment,
and a jet pump with a capacity of 240 gallons per minute.
The proposed expansion would include another well and site, water
softening equipment and housing, and nine fire hydrants. Extension of
mains would include 3,200 feet of 8" mains, 3,800 feet of 6" mains, and
60 service lines.
Topography and General Elevation
Pamlico County is typical of most eastern North Carolina Counties
in that the topography for the most part is flat and generally lacks
much elevation. The land east of Highway 306, which marks the shoreline
of the historic Pamlico Sea, is almost totally subject to inundation by
64

a 100 year frequency flood. This area represents almost two-thirds
of the County with riverine flooding occurring to some extant west of
this line. The County also has the problem of three major areas of
pocosin or upland swamps in the north, northwest and center of the
County. Although these ^seas have elevations in some cases up to
43 feet mean sea level these areas are wet and swampy most of the
year.
There is only one minor portion of the County which has any
appreciable slope. This area is located in the southern and western
portions of Township Five and in this southeastern portion of Township
One. This area ranges in elevation from a few feet up to 42 feet just
west of Arapahoe. This area is somewhat unique for area along the
Neuse in that the banks drop off in a steep slope from around 20 feet
down to the water line. This area offers a somewhat unique terrain for
a coastal county as well as having a high potential for development due
to its elevation and the proximity to the Neuse River.
In contrast to the aforementioned area the eastern portion of
Pamlico County is characterized by flat marshlands with very slight
elevations. These areas are subject to continuous flooding and due to
their general lack of elevation are only suitable natural areas for
vegetation and land and aquatic animals.
Pamlico County's general lack of appreciable elevation and the
extensive amount of marshland and upland swamps make Pamlico County
typical among coastal eastern North Carolina counties.
65

For the most part the lack of sufficient slope is the major
problem in Pamlico County due to the prohibitive effect on
natural drainage.
Only a small portion of the County is well drained. These
well -drained areas are mostly confined to areas that border streams,
particularly along the Neuse River where the slope of the land is
most pronounced. Most of the County is artificially drained by
small, open ditches - which. flow into canals or into natural out-
lets. For the most part, artificial drainage has been tied to
either agricultural or health department programs for mosquito
control.
Poor drainage is an inhibiting factor in the development
potential of Pamlico County. Natural drainage is inadequate due
to the level characteristics of the terrain in certain areas of the
County. These areas should be utilized for forestry, wildlife,
and recreation purposes.
66

Fragile Areas
Coastal Wetlands
Coastal Wetlands are defined as any salt marsh or other marsh
subject to regular or occasional flooding by tides, including wind
tides (whether or not the tide waters reach the marshland areas
through natural or artificial watercourses), provided this shall not
include hurricane or tropical storm tides.
Coastal wetlands contain some, but not necessarily all, of the
following marsh plant species:
(1) Cord Grass (Spartina alterniflora)
(2) Black Needlerush (Juncus roemerianus)
(3) Glasswort (Salicornia spp.)
(4) Salt Grass (Distichlis spicata)
(5) Sea Lavender (Limonium spp.)
(6) Bulrush (Scirpus spp.)
(7) Saw Grass (Cladium jamaicense)
(8) Cat -tail (Typha spp.)
(9) Salt Meadow Grass (Spartina patens)
(10) Salt Read Grass (Spartina patens)
Included in this definition of coastal wetlands is "such conti-
guous land as the Secretary of NR&CD reasonably deems necessary to
affect by any such order in carrying out the purposes of this Section."
(G.S. 113-230 (a)).
Pamlico has a great deal of land area along creeks, rivers and
the sound which are considered as marshlands and designated as Areas of
Environmental Concern.
Altogether, Pamlico County has approximately 60,019 acres of both
low tidal and upland marshland. The majority of these marshlands are
67

located in northeastern Pamlico County adjacent to the Pamlico Sound
although marshland is found along most creeks and rivers in the County.
Marshlands play an important role in the coastal environment. In
most cases those marshlands do not possess attractiveness for develop-
ment. It is important to the overall coastal environment if these
areas are retained in their natural state and allowed to perform their
natural functions.
Estuarine Waters
Estuarine waters are defined in'G. S. 113A-113 (b) (2) as "all
the water of the Atlantic Ocean within the boundary•of"North Carolina
and all the waters of the bays, sounds, rivers, and -tributaries there-
to seaward of the dividing line between coastal fishing waters and in-
land fishing waters, as set forth in an agreement adopted by the Wild-
life Resources Commission and the Department of Natural Resources and
Community Development filed with the Secretary of State, entitled
'Boundary Lines, North Carolina Commercial Fishing -- Inland Fishing
Waters', Revised to March 1, 1965."
Water classified as estuarine in Pamlico are identified as follows:
Pamlico River (1) . . . . . . Inland Waters above, Estuarine
Waters below N. & S RR bridge
at Washington
Lower Goose Creek (2) . . . Inland Waters above, Estuarine
waters below a line from Pasture
Point to Long Neck Point.
Dixons Creek (3) . . . . . . . Estuarine Waters
Patons Creek (4) . . . . . . . Estuarine Waters
Wilson Creek (5) . . . . . . . Estuarine Waters
Eastham Creek (6) . . . . . . . Estuarine Waters - waters below
Watson Fishhouse

Upper Spring Creek (7) . .
. . Inland Waters above, Estuarine
Waters below N.C. 304 Bridge
Oyster Creek (8) . . . . .
. . Estuarine Waters
Clark Creek (9) . . . . .
. . Estuarine Waters
Middle Prong (10) . . . .
. . Estuarine Waters
James Creek (11) . . . . .
. . Estuarine Waters -
Pamlico Sound (12) . . . .
. . Estuarine Waters
Porpoise Creek (13) . . .
. . Estuarine Waters
Drum Creek (14) . . . . .
. . Estuarine Waters
Bay Creek (15)
Estuarine Waters
Gale Creek (16). . . . . .
. . Estuarine Waters
Chadwick Creek (17) . . .
. . Estuarine Waters
Bear Creek (18) . . . . .
. . Estuarine Waters
Vandemere Creek (19) . . .
. . Estuarine Waters below N.C. 304
Bridge, Inland Waters above
Trent Creek (25) . . . . .
. . Inland Water above, Estuarine r
Waters below Thomas Creek
Masons Creek (26) . . . .
. . Estuarine Waters
Moore Creek (27) . . . . .
. . Estuarine Waters
Rices Creek (28) . . . . .
. . Estuarine Waters
Ball Creek (29) . . . . .
. . Estuarine Waters
Cabin Creek (30) . . . . .
. . Estuarine Waters
Riggs Creek (31) . . . . .
. . Estuarine Waters
Spring Creek (32) . . . .
. . Estuarine Waters
Greens Creek (33) . . . .
. . Estuarine Waters
Neuse River (34) . . . . . .
. Inland Waters above, Estuarine
Waters below Pitch Kettle
Swan Creek (35) . . . . . .
. Estuarine Waters
Lower Broad Creek (36) . . .
. Inland Waters above, Estuarine
Waters below Old Mill Site
69

Greens Creek (37) . . . .
. . . . Estuarine Waters
Pittman Creek (38) . . .
. . . . Estuarine Waters
Burton Creek (39) . . .
. . . . Estuarine Waters
- Brown Creek (40) . . . ..
Estuarine Waters
Spices Creek (41) . . . .
. . . .'Estuarine Waters
Gideon Creek (42) . . . .
. . . . Estuarine Waters
Tar Creek (43) . . . . .
. . . . Estuarine Waters
Parris Creek (44) . . . .
. . . . Estuarine Waters
Orchard Creek (45) . . .
. . . . Estuarine Waters
Pierce Creek (46) . . . .
. . . . Estuarine Waters
Whitaker Creek (47) . . .
. . . . Estuarine Waters
Smith Creek (48) . . . .
. . . . Inland Waters above,
Estuarine
Waters below a point
one mile
above mouth
Greens Creek (49) . . . .
. . . . Inland Waters above,
Estuarine
Waters below a point
one mile
_
above mouth
Kershaw Creek (50). . . .
. . . . Inland Waters above,
Estuarine
-
Waters below a point
one mile
`
above mouth
Dawson Creek (51) . . . .
. . . . Inland Waters above,
Estuarine
Waters below a point
three-
quarters mile above mouth
Tarkiln Creek (52)
.. Inland Waters
Gatlin Creek (53) . . . .
. . . . Inland Waters
Little Creek (54)
Inland Waters
Mill Creek (55)
Inland Waters
-
Beard Creek (56)
Inland Waters above,
Estuarine
Waters below a point
three-quarters
•
mile above north
Lower Duck Creek (57) . .
. . . . Inland Waters
Goose Creek (58) . . . .
. . . . Inland Waters above,
Estuarine
Waters below the Narrows
fP

Upper Broad Creek (59) Inland Waters above, Estuarine
Waters below Flatty Creek
Flatty Creek (60) . . . . . . . . Inland Waters
Long Creek (20) Inland Waters _
Smith Creek (21) Estuarine Waters
.Chapel Creek (22) . . . . . . . . Inland Waters above, Estuarine
Waters below N.C. 304 Bridge
Raccoon Creek (23) . . . . . . Estuarine Waters
Neals Creek (24) . . . . . . . . Estuarine Waters
A nunber of Federal, State and Local projects and or studies are
currently impacting on the waters and surrounding areas of Pamlico County.
Among these are the Upper Bay River Watershed project, which includes
50,000 acres, 81.6 miles of channels, and a 3.7 mile dike, Neuse River.
to New Bern, Smiths Creek, and Hobucken Bridge. These studies or projects
should be consulted when considering constraints to development in these `
areas.
The definitions stated in this section, both those given previously
and those which follow are State/Federal definitions. Pamlico County
does not necessarily agree with all criteria or conditions of each
circumstance. This is especially true with the following definition of
public trust waters. These definitions are included in this plan in
an effort to provide a general statement of constraints as most likely
interpreted by state and federal permitting and regulating agencies.
71

Public Trust Areas
Public trust areas are all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and
the lands thereunder from the mean high water mark to the seaward
limit of state jurisdiction; all natural bodies of water subject
to measurable lunar tides and lands thereunder to the mean high
water mark; all navigable natural bodies of water and lands there-
under to the mean high water level or mean water level as the case
may be, except privately -owned lakes to which the public has no right
of access; all water in artificially.created bodies of water contain-
ing significant public fishing resources or other public resources
which are accessible to the public by navigation from bodies of
water in which the public has rights of navigation; and all waters in
artificially created bodies of water in which the public has acquired
rights by prescription, custom, usage, dedication, or any other means.
In determining whether the public has acquired rights in artificially
created bodies of water, the following factors shall be considered:
1. the use of the body of water by the public.
2. the length of time the public has used the area,
3. the value of public resources in the body of water,
4. whether the public resources in the body of water
are mobile to the extent that they can move into
natural bodies of water,
5. whether the creation of the artificial body of
water required permission from the state, and
6. the value of the body of water to the public for
navigation from one public area to another public
area.
72

Pamlico County has a great deal of water area which would be
categorized as public trust waters. The County has 348 miles of
bay and estuarine shoreline and numerous navigable streams and creeks
within the County. There are 29 bays, rivers, creeks and streams
which make up the public trust waters in Pamlico County. These waters
are generally tidal and contain warm water. The use is generally
restricted to fishing and boating except in the rivers; bays, and
sounds. The recreational use for sportfishing or boating in these
waters is very important to the County and area. Commercial fishing
in the bays and rivers is also very important while the creeks and
streams provide spawning for both shell and finfish.
Estuarine Shorelines
Estuarine shorelines are those non -ocean shorelines which are
especially vulnerable to erosion, flooding, or other adverse effects
of wind and water and are intimately connected to the estuary. This
area extends from the mean high water level or normal water level along
the estuaries, sounds, bays, and brickish waters as set forth in an
agreement adopted by the Wildlife Resource Commission and the Depart-
ment of Natural Resources and Community Development (described in
Regulation .0206 (a) of this Section) for a distance of 75 feet land-
ward.
The entire shoreline in Pamlico County with exception of a few
isolated areas where minor cliffs exist is subject to flooding.
Erosion areas in Pamlico County are defined on page 59.
73

Ocean Hazard Areas
Ocean Hazard Areas are considered natural hazard areas along the
Atlantic Ocean shoreline where, because of their special vulnerability
to erosion or other adverse effects of sand, wind, and water, uncon-
trolled or incompatible development could unreasonably endanger life or
property. Ocean hazard areas include beaches, frontal dunes, inlet
lands, and other areas in which geologic, vegetative and soil conditions
indicate a substantial possibility of excessive erosion or flood damage.
There are no ocean hazard areas in Pamlico County.
Coastal Areas That Sustain Remnant Species
Coastal areas that sustain remnant species are those areas that
support native plants or animals determined to be rare or endangered
(synonymous with threatened and endangered), within the coastal area.
Such places provide habitats necessary for the survival of existing
population or communities of.rare or endangered species within the
coastal area. Determination will be made by the commission based
upon the listing adopted by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission or the federal government listing; upon written reports
or testimony of experts indicating that a species is rare or endangered
within the coastal area; and upon consideration of written testimony
b;
of local government officials, interest groups, and private land
owners.
No areas containing remnant species have been identified in
Pamlico County.
74

Complex Natural Areas
Coastal complex natural areas are defined as lands that support
native plant and animal communities and provide habitat qualities which
have remained essentially unchanged by human activity. Such areas may
be either significant components of coastal systems or especially notable
habitat areas of scientific, educational, or aesthetic value. They may
be surrounded by landscape that has been modified but does not drastically
alter conditions within the natural area.
Large pocosin areas in Pamlico County should be considered complex
natural areas. The two largest and most.significant are the Bay City
Pocosin located north of NC Highway 55 between the western county line,
Goose Creek Island, and Beaufort County and the Light Ground Pocosin in
central Pamlico County between Minnesott Beach and Bayboro. These pocosin
areas should be considered fragile and should only be used on a limited
basis by select farming and forestry operations. Any mining of the
large peat deposits located in these pocosin areas should be performed
with strict compliance to relevant environmental regulations.
Unique Coastal Geologic Formations
Unique coastal geologic formations are defined as sites that contain
geologic formations that are unique or otherwise significant components
of coastal systems, or that are especially notable examples of geologic
formations or'processes in the coastal area. Such areas will be evaluated
by the commission after identification by the State Geologist.
The only potentially unique geologic formation in Pamlico County is
located on Benner's Plantation in the Dawson Creek area. The site contains
pleistocene marine invertibrate fossils and feuestrial vertibrate fossils.
75.

Significant Coastal Historic Architectural Resources
Significant coastal historic architectural resources are defined
as districts, structures, buildings, sites or objects that have at least
local significance to history or architecture.
The only identified site with more than local significance in Pamlico
County is the China Grove House located one-half mile east of Dawson's
Creek Bridge on State Road 1302. This house was constructed in 1790 and
is a frame centerhall plan house with -it gable roof incorporating double
tiered porches.
A recent survey by the North Carolina Department of Archives and History
identifies architectural sites of local significance. This survey should be
consulted for detailed information.
76

F. CONSTRAINTS•
Capacity of Community Facilities
77

CAPACITY OF COMMUNITY FACILITIES
Water and Sewer
Pamlico County is currently establishing a water system to serve the
entire County. The system will service approximately 2,300 users by
the fall of 1980. The County system began in late 1979 with the purchase
of the Bayboro municipal system. This system will be capable of meeting
all water needs in Pamlico presently existing and estimated during the
planning period. A completed description of design capabilities of the
system is available from the Pamlico County Water Department.
Sewer
Major existing waste treatment facilities in Pamlico County are
limited to the County Courthouse system and the systems operated by the
School system.
Pamlico Courthouse system:
Design capacity: .003MGD
Current flow: .0025 MGD
Receiving stream: Bay River (SC)
Treatment: extended aeration, cholorination
Adequacy: adequate
% Utilization: 83%
No other major facilities exist in Pamlico County. 201 Facility
Plans have been prepared for Bayboro and Oriental but not implemented.
P
These plans should be consulted for specific waste water treatment
information.
The Pamlico County Board of Education should be contacted for
specific data concerning school sewer systems.
78

Schools
The Pamlico County Board of Education operates four schools
within.the County at the present time. The Pamlico County School
System had a total enrollment of 2,297 students during the 1975-76
school year. The school system capacity is 2,350. All schools serve
the entire county for their respective grades with exception of one
elementary school. Table 23 on the following pages gives more detailed
information on school populations.
79

TABLE 23
Existing School Information
1969-70
Site
Class-
Enroll-
Cons.
_Name
Location
Size
Grades
rooms Capacity
ment
Date
Arapahoe
Elementary
. Arapahoe
15 ac.
K-8
12
300
241
1918
Fred A. Anderson
1 temporary
Elementary
Bayboro
70 ac**
K-4
26
702
657
1967
Pamlico
Grammar
Stonewall
20 ac.
5-9
38
900
859
1952
Pamlico County
5 temporary
High
Bayboro
70 ac**
10-12 27 400 540
1951
Science
Special
Name
Gym
Auditorium
Cafeteria Laboratory Library
Classrooms
Speech (1)
' Arapahoe
Music (1)
Elementary
Yes
No
Yes No Yes
Reading (1)
Fred A.
Audio -
Anderson
No
Yes
Yes No Yes
Visual (1)
Elementary
Bandroom (1)
Pamlico Special Ed. (3)
Grammar Yes No Yes Yes (1) Yes Speech, Read. (1)
Yes (1)
Pamlico County (3 additional Shops (3)
High Yes Yes Yes equipped Yes Bandroom (1)
classrooms
*Excluding use of temporary classrooms
**Combination site size for both schools
***Excluding libraries, laboratories, special classrooms, etc.
SOURCE: Principal of each school and Superintendent of County Schools.
NEI

Road System
Pamlico County does not have an extremely well developed primary or
secondary road system. Highways 55, 304, and 306 form the.primary road .
network for the County. As of January, 1978, there were a total of 187.79
miles of paved roads and 75.03 miles of unpaved roads in the County. This
included 47.53 miles of rural primary roads. Access to the County is
limited due to the confluence of the Neuse and Pamlico Rivers into the
Pamlico Sound. The major access is by Highway 55 which runs east -west from
New Bern to Bayboro where it turns to.the south and terminates in Oriental.
The secondary road system of Pamlico County.is also not well developed
due to the quality of land in certain portions of the County as well as the
sparce population. The secondary road system is made up of 119.35 miles of
paved rural secondary road and 71.9 miles of unpaved rural secondary roads.
The secondary road system is most densely developed around the growth centers '
of the County.
The road system for the County is not well developed although it is
considered adequate to serve both existing and projected development in the
County. Access is a primary factor which limits the potential of Pamlico
County and it would be very expensive to span the Neuse and Pamlico Rivers
to improve egress and ingress to Pamlico County. Should these bridges be
built, the thoroughfare plan calls for the rerouting and four-laning of
Highway 306. Currently, the most highly used section of road in Pamlico
County is along Highway 55 between Grantsboro and Alliance with an average -
drily traffic count of 4,500. This is well within the design capacity of
this road.
81

G. ESTIMATED DEMAND
82

%4
Population and Economy
Ten Year Population Estimate
it The Department of Administration figures for future population
in Pamlico County are based on past trends with annual up -dates. The
County population has decreased since 1940 and has only recently
stablized. The Department of Administration projected 1990 population
for 1990 is 9,700. The County population in 1970 was 9,467 and was
estimated at 9,500 in 1979 by Department of Administration.
The County agrees with this population estimate and no circumstances
are foreseen which would substantiate any change in the eventual reality of
this projection.
Seasonal Population
Seasonal population in Pamlico County during peak periods represents
no more than 10 to 20 percent of the total county population. The
seasonal population is not expected to increase more than 5 to 10 percent
during the next ten years due to the limited areas where seasonal population
can be accommodated without endangering the environment.
Foreseeable Social and Economic Change
No major changes in the social or economic structure of Pamlico
County are anticipated. The major income producers of Agriculture,
Forestry, and commerical fishing will continue in that order. Income
levels should rise and Pamlico County with an addition of limited
industry will continue to increase in ranking of income levels as com-
pared to other North Carolina Counties.
83

The main basic industry is, and shall continue to be, seafood
processing with timber products being second. Farm products added
to these cover most of the County's exports and constitute the basic
industries. Present cost of farm production will place more and more
pressures for farm consolidation. Although the trend is toward fewer
farm workers because of mechanization the income from farming will Y
increase due to the necessity to meet the world's increasing need for
food.
Although phosphate lands have been purchased by mining companies
these are reserves that are not expected to be mined in the next
fifty years.
A local labor supply is increasing with the displacement of
farm workers due to mechanization. However, before the local labor
pool can be utilized certain obstacles must be overcome. Two prime
deterrents to industrial development in Pamlico County are apparent.
These deterrents are:
1) lack of sewer facilities
2) lack of north -south transportation route
Bayboro has constructed a public water system and is in a 201
wastewater treatment planning area along with Alliance, Stonewall,
Vandemere, and portions of Mesic. Oriental has completedconstruction
of a public water system and Minnesott Beach also operates a water
system. Ferries are now operating across the Pamlico and Neuse Rivers
giving Pamlico County a north -south route. Hopefully, enough usage
will merit a bridge across these two rivers giving even better access
to and from Pamlico County.
These systems should in time assist in strengthening the economy
of the County.
84

Another important segment of Pamlico County's economy is its
tourist trade. The water resources of Pamlico County are a great
recreational attraction. There are five summer camps in operation in
the County located along the water. There were 623 seasonal dwelling
units in Pamlico County in 1970, which were predominantly owned by non -
county residents. These visitors bring outside money into the County
and help stimulate the local economy. It is expected that an even
greater number of tourists will come to Pamlico County in the future
with the possibility of some settling permanently in the area. The influx
of new people, even seasonally, must be planned for.if they are to benefit
from the County to the fullest extent. Water and sewer facilities needs
must be anticipated and subdivisions must be developed properly if the
natural resources of Pamlico County are to be conserved. Non -intensive
recreation is Pamlico County's main attraction and should continue to
stimulate the County's economy.
Future Land Needs
Population projections for Pamlico County indicate only minor
population growth over the next ten years. However, inter -county
population shifts are occurring with the migration of the County's
younger citizens away from the area, and migration of water oriented
tourists and retirees into the areas of highest water recreational
potential. Although there are no areas designated developed, transition
areas have been designated by the County. These areas are necessary to
accomodate the present and future population. This is due to generally
poor soils for septic tanks in an area where water and sewer facilities
are most feasible.
85

The County's transition area will be the only area change from
its existing land use pattern. As noted above this will be from a
health and environmental standpoint rather than a large population
increase..
Current land use patterns, and population and development .
densities are expected to continue. The County population estimate
in 1977 of 29 people per square mile in 1977 is not expected to
increase.
Community Facilities Demand
Because of a no growth population projection, the ten-year
populations were not used to determine facilities demand. Water and
sewer needs were based on generally poor soils for septic tanks,
a high water table, and a need for a more potable source of water.
The County has addressed the water problem through the establishment
of a county wide water system. This system which began with the pur-
chase of the Bayboro municipal system will eventually service most
water users in the County.
Sewer needs in Pamlico County can be met through implementation
of the Bayboro 201 Facility Plan which.includes the towns of Alliance,
Bayboro, Stonewall, Vandemere, and Mesic, and surrounding Pamlico County
(see map page gg ).
No other new facilities will be required to meet future population
demands in Pamlico County.
86

v
BAYBORO FACILITY PLANNING AREA
u p r
,t �t
,n.
i R p x• _�
1
s
e
0 0
"> O
S / ,y I P MOIIWRIE,
N A Y C 1 T Y�
o .»
b� ta. u»
•M 1
a �+. ; �•r a '�!�'� ,v rr
W ..M •�. .M 'i,t
AU LANa
i
.. moammmm®m®®o, � iew
. t
'V
R O (. N O
FOLLOW
Pamlico/Beaufort Co Line East
Long 760 37.5' South
Lai 350 7' West
Long 760 52.5' North
FROM
Int. Pamlico/Beaufort Co
Line and Long 76 52.5'
Pamlico/Beaufort Co Line
Long 760 37.5'
Lat 350 7'
USA
.11.tn
. w
1972 STATE OF NC
HIGHWAY MAP
TO
Long 760 37.51
Lat 350 7'
Long 760 52.5'
Point of Beginning

H. LAND CLASSIFICATION
RM

Description of Land Classification System
The land classification system for the coastal area and Pamlico
County consists of five classes listed as follows:
(1) Developed
(A) Purpose. The purpose of the developed class is to provide
for continued intensive development and redevelopment of
existing cities.
(B) Description. Areas to be classified developed include
lands currently developed for urban purposes at or
approaching a density of 500 dwellings per square mile
that are provided with usual municipal or public services
including at least public water, sewer, recreational
facilities, police and fire protection. Areas which exceed
the minimum density but which do not have public sewer
service may best be divided into a separate class to
indicate that although they have a developed character,
they will need sewers in the future. w
(2) Transition
(A) Purpose. The purpose of the transition class is to
provide for future intensive urban development within
the ensuing ten years on lands that are most suitable
and that will be scheduled for provision of necessary
public utilities and services. The transition lands
also provide for additional growth when additional lands
in the developed class are not available or when they
are severely limited for development.
.e

(B) Description.
(i) Lands to be classified transition may include: (1)
lands currently having urban services, and (2) other
land necessary to accommodate the urban population
and economic growth anticipated within the planning
jurisdiction over the ensuing ten year period.
(ii) Lands classified transition to help meet the demand
for developable anticipated population and economic
growth must: (1) be served or be readily served by
public water, sewer, and other urban services includ-
ing public streets, and (2) be generally free of severe
plysical limitations for urban development. In addition,
the Transition class should not include: (1) lands of
high potential for agriculture, forestry, or mineral
extraction, or land falling within extensive rural _
areas being managed commercially for these uses, when
other lands are available; (2) lands where urban
development might result in major or irreversible damage
to important environmental scientific, or scenic values
or (3) land where urban development might result in
damage to natural systems or processes of more than
•local concern. Lands where development will result
in undue risk to life or property from natural hazards
(including inlet hazard areas and ocean erodible areas
as defined in 15 NCAC 7E) or existing land uses shall
not be classified transitions.
91

(iii) If any designated area of environmental concern is
classified transition, an explanation shall be included
stating why the area is felt to be appropriate for high
density development.
(iv) In determining the amount of additional transition
lands necessary to meet projected urban population
and economic growth, the county may utilize estimates
of average future urban population density that are
based upon local land policy, existing patterns
and trends of urban development within the county,
and densities specified in local zoning, if any;
an estimate of additional Transition class lands
should be based upon a guideline density of 2,000
persons or 500 dwellings per square mile.
(3) Community
(A) Purpose. The purpose of the community class is to
provide for clustered land development to help meet
housing, shopping, employment, and public service
needs within the rural areas of the county.
(B) Description. Lands to be classified community are those
areas within the rural areas of planning jurisdictions
characterized by a small grouping of mixed land uses,
(residences, general store, church,.school, etc.), and
which are suitable and appropriate for small clusters of
rural development not requiring municipal sewer service.
92

I
(4) Rural
(A) Purpose. The purpose of the rural class is to provide
for agriculture, forest management, mineral extraction
and other low intensity uses. Residences may be located
within "rural" areas where urban services are not required
and where natural resources will not be permanently
impaired.
(B) Description. Lands that can be identified as appropriate
for resource management and allied uses include lands
with high potential for agriculture, forestry, or mineral
extraction; lands with one or more limitations that
would make development costly and hazardous; and lands
containing irreplaceable, limited, or significant natural,
recreational, or scenic resources not otherwise classified.
(C) Pamlico County will also allow subdivision development
within rural class lands. Subdivision development will be
contracted through the strict enforcement of the County
subdivision ordinance and state health regulations.
(5) Conservation
(A) Purpose. The purpose of the conservation class is to
provide for effective long-term management of significant
limited or irreplaceable areas. This management may
be needed because of its natural, cultural,.recreational,
productive or scenic values. These areas should not be
identified as transition lands in the future.
93

(B) Description. The conservation class should be applied
to lands that contain: major wetlands; essentially
undeveloped shorelands that are unique, fragile, or
hazardous for development; necessary wild -life habitat
or areas that have a high probability for providing
necessary habitat conditions; publicly owned watersupply
watersheds and aquifers;.and forest lands that are
undeveloped and will remain undeveloped for commercial
purposes.
(C) Pamlico County will allow development within conservation
class lands to insure public access. Examples of this
type will include boat ramps, docks, power easements,
etc.
94

Projected Description by Township
The following is the next ten year policy for the land classification
for development by township for Pamlico County and a map of the described
areas is found on page 50. The ten year population projection is not
utilized as the basis for determining land demand for land classification
since no growth is projected. Lands classed Transition, Community and
Rural were based on local objectives and environmental requirements.
Township I
The land in Townhsip I should remain predominantly rural. There
are no developed or transition areas; however, there are areas of
community designation. These communities and their approximate acreages
are:
Olympia 162.0
Reelsboro 306.0
Grantsboro 216.0
Kennel's Beach 43.2
Conservation areas are those marshlands situated along the Upper
Broad Creek and its mouth along the Neuse River, Goose Creek, and Beard's
Creek. These areas are also Areas of Environmental Concern. All the
estuarine waters, creeks and Neuse River adjoining Township I lands and
an area of erosion along the Neuse River near the mouth of Beard's
Creek are classified as conservation land.
Township II
Township II land will remain predominantly rural. There are no
areas of developed classification and one area of transition. This
area of transition is along Highway 55 (10 acres) leading into
Stonewall and in Stonewall (91.80 acres) along a portion of State Road
1337. This total area is approximately 100.9 acres and has been designa-
ted transition because water and sewer facilities are needed from a
health standpoint. Soils are very poorly suited for septic tanks.
95

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The four acres designated communities and their approximate acre-
ages are:
Florence 270.0
Pamlico 46.8
Whortonsville 158.4
Merritt 144.0
Conservation areas will be the marshlands along the Neuse and Bay Rivers
and the marshlands along their creeks. These areas are also designated
-Areas of Environmental Concern. Other conservation areas in Township
II are the estuarine waters of the Neuse and Bay Rivers, their creeks,
and the areas of erosion along the Neuse River.
Township III
The land of Township III will also remain predominantly rural.
There are no developed areas; however, this is the largest area of transi-
tion in the County and is located in Township III. This area (actually
two adjoining areas) is Bayboro and Alliance. This transition area is
approximately 171.23 acres in Alliance and 181.35 acres in Bayboro for a
total of 352.58 acres. This area has been designated transition because
water and sewer facilities are needed from a health standpoint due to the
population density and poor soil. Soils in these areas are generally not
suited for septic tanks.
These three areas and their acreages designated community in the
Township are:
Maribel 208.8
Vandemere 234.0
Mesic 522.0
Conservation areas in Township III are those marshlands along the Bay
River and its creeks and these marshlands around Jones Bay. These con-
servation areas are Areas of Environmental Concern.
97.

Township IV
There will be no developed or transition classification designa-
ted in Township IV. Two community classifications and their acreages
in the Township are:
Hobucken 424.8
Lowland 415.6
Conservation areas will be all marshlands surrounding Goose Creek
Island, and all the estuarine waters surrounding Goose Creek Island.
Rural lands will be the remaining interior land.of Goose Creek Island
and that portion west of the Goose Creek Wildlife Management Area.
Township V
The majority of Township V land is also rural. The only transition
area is the 7bwn of Oriental a total of approximately 288 acres.
The designated communities of the Township are:
Dawson's Creek 180.0-
Janiero 151.2
Minnesott Beach 691.2
Arapahoe 439.2
These'communities have a fluctuating population that peaks during
the summer months. Conservation areas will be those marshlands along
the Neuse River and the creeks.
Conservation areas also include erosive areas along the Neuse River,
estuarine waters of the Neuse River and the creeks and China Grove Plant-
ation House.
98

SECTION III
Policy Statements
99

PAMLICO COUNTY LAND USE
Issues and Policies
A common feature of nearly every land use plan is the land use
map. These maps have historically shown where development is planned
and should occur in any given future time period. Conversely they also
show where major facilities should not be constructed.
These maps appear in this plan and at first glance may appear
to be the single outstanding feature of the Pamlico County Land Use
Plan. Maps are certainly the most visible and usually do receive the
most attention regardless of who the plan reviewer may be. In the
Pamlico County Land Use Plan; however, these maps are not -and should
not be considered as anything more than a graphic display of the
written policies stated on the following pages.
Pamlico County has addressed issues from the perspective as
required in the Guidelines of the Coastal Resources Commission. The
broad topic areas are:
- Resource Protection
- Resource Production and Management
- Economic and Community Development
- Continuing Public Participation
Many subtopics are discussed within these broad areas. The County
has attempted to address issues and develop policies as required by the
Coastal Resources Commission; however, in Pamlico County and most likely
in many other communities issues and policies cannot be addressed or simp-
lified sufficiently to fit any guidelines concisely. The policies which
follow are in the opinion of the County both in the best interest of
Pamlico County and within the general framework of the Commssion's
Guidelines.
100

Goals and Objectives - 1976
The 1976 Land Use Plan of which this plan should be considered an
Update lists the following as goals of Pamlico County:
Employment
To provide adequate employment opportunities and prevent further
out -migration of young adults from Pamlico County.
Road System
To provide an adequate transportation system in Pamlico County.
Water and Sewer
To encourage installation of public water supply and sewage disposal
systems and to discourage use of individual septic tanks where soils and
the water table make such use unfeasible. These areas should be those
of high density areas posing the greatest threat to health and environment.
Industrial Development .
To encourage selective industries to locate within Pamlico County.
Land Use Controls
To protect Pamlico County from future mixing of incompatible land uses.
To increase recreational opportunities for all age groups within the
County.
Agricultural and Forestry Production
To protect and promote the utilization of desirable agricultural and
forestry lands.
Marine Habitat Protection
To protect shellfish and other marine habitat from man -instigated pollution.
101

Wildlif e
To provide for the proper management of wildlife areas and the
preservation of certain species of wildlife within the County.
The 1976 Plan also establishes a.list of objectives intended to
enhance accomplishment of each goal. The 1976 Plan should be -consulted
for these specific objectives. The County of Pamlico believes these
goals remain as valid and important today as they did in 1976. The
County does not envision any conflict between the goals of the 1976
Plan and the more specific policy statements of the 1980 Update. The
County considers the policy statements of 1980 to be a natural progression
from the goals of 1976.
102

A. RESOURCE PROTECTION POLICIES
103

Resource Protection Policies
A. Areas of Environmental Concern
ESTUARINE SYSTEM CATEGORIES
The first AECs discussed collectively are those water and land
areas of the coast that contribute enormous economic, social, and
biological values to North Carolina and Pamlico County as compon-
ents of the estuarine system. Included within the estuarine system
are the following AEC categories: estuarine waters, coastal wet-
lands, public trust areas, and estuarine shorelines. Each of the
AECs is either geographically within the estuary or, because of
its location and nature, may significantly affect the estuary.
MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVE OF THE ESTUARINE SYSTEM
It is the objective of Pamlico County to give high priority
to the protection and coordinated management to estuarine waters,
coastal wetlands, public trust areas, and estuarine shorelines,
as an interrelated group of AECs, so as to safeguard and perpetuate
their biological, social, economic, and aesthetic values and to
ensure that development occurring within these AECs is compatible
with natural characteristics so as to minimize the likelihood of
significant loss of private property and public resources.
1) Coastal Wetlands .
Coastal wetlands are defined -as any salt marsh or other marsh
subject to regular or occasional flooding by tides, including
wind tides (whether or not the tide waters reach the marshland
areas through natural or artificial watercourses), provided this
shall not include hurricane or tropical storm tides.
104

Coastal wetlands contain some, but not necessarily all, of the
following marsh plant species:
(1) Cord Grass (Spartina alterniflora),
(2) Black Needlerush (Juncus roemerianus),
(3) Glasswort (Salicornia spp.),
(4) Salt Grass (Distichlis spicata),
(5) Sea Lavender (Limonium spp.),
(6) Bulrush (Scirput spp.),
(7) Saw Grass (Cladium jamaicense),
(8) ' Cat -tail (Typha spp.),
(9) Salt Meadow Grass (Spartina patens),
(10) Salt Reed Grass (Spartina cynosuroides).
Included in this definition of coastal wetlands is "such contig-
uous land as the Secretary of NR&CD reasonably deems necessary to
affect by any order in carrying out the purposes of this Section."
(G.S. 113-230 (a))
(a) Policy Objective
To give highest priority to the protection and management of
coastal wetlands so as to safeguard and perpetuate their biological,
social, economic and aesthetic values; to coordinate and establish
a management system capable of conserving and utilizing coastal -
wetlands as a natural resource essential to the functioning of the
entire estuarine system.
(b) Appropriate Land Uses
Suitable land uses shall be those consistent with the manage -
went objective in this Rule. Highest priority of use shall be
allocated to the conservation of existing coastal wetlands. Second
priority of coastal wetland use shall be given to those types of
development activities that require water access and cannot function
elsewhere.
Unacceptable land uses would include, but would not be limited
to, the following examples: restaurants and businesses; residences,
105

apartments, motels, hotels, and trailer parks; parking lots and private
roads and highways; and factories. Examples of acceptable land uses
may include utility easements, fishing piers, docks, and agricultural
uses, such as farming and forestry drainage, as permitted under North
Carolina's Dredge and Fill Act and/or applicable laws.
In every instance, the particular location, use, and design
characteristics shall be in accord with the general use standards
for coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, and public trust areas.
(c) Development Policy Alternatives
Development policy alternatives for coastal wetlands in
Pamlico County include the following: (1) county or public acquisition
for open space uses; (2) prohibition of private development through
regulation; (3) regulated development of appropriate land uses; and
(4) action by the Coastal Resources Commission to remove the AEC
designation from the area..
The County does not consider acquisition feasible for several
reasons. First and foremost is the cost of such areas. Secondly
and almost equally important is maintaining such extensive areas for
public use. The County does not have the financial resources to
accomplish either purchase or maintenance. Removal of coastal wet-
lands from AECs is not considered desirable by Pamlico County and
therefore, is not considered a realistic alternative..
The desired alternative to accomplish the policy objective
• is to regulate development insuring appropriate land uses in coastal
wetlands. Appropriate land uses are listed under section (b). Pamlico
County believes all these uses to be appropriate within the various
coastal wetlands located in the County.
106

(d) Implementation/Enforcement
Pamlico County will implement and enforce the Coastal. Wetlands
policy objective through strict and vigorous county enforcement of AEC
regulations, full cooperation with state and federal permitting and en-
forcement agencies.
(2) ESTUARINE WATERS
Estuarine waters are defined in G.S. 113-A-113 (b) (2) as "all the
water of the Atlantic Ocean within the boundary of North Carolina and
all the waters of the bays, sounds, rivers, and tributaries thereto
seaward of the dividing line between coastal fishing waters and inland
fishing waters, as set forth in an agreement adopted by the Wildlife
Resources Commission and the Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development filed with the Secretary of State, entitled 'Boundary Lines,
North Carolina Commercial Fishing --Inland Fishing Waters', Revised to March
1, 1965."
(a). Policy Objective
To give the highest priority to the conservation and management
of the important features of estuarine waters so as to safeguard and
perpetuate their biological, social, aesthetic, and economic values;
to coordinate and establish a management system capable of conserving
and utilizing estuarine waters.
(b) Use Standards
Suitable land/water uses shall be those consistent with the
management objectives in this Rule: Highest priority of use shall
be allocated to the conservation of estuarine waters and its vital
components. Second priority of estuarine use shall be given to those
types of development activities that require water access and use
107

which cannot function elsewhere such as simple access channels;
structures to prevent erosion; navigation channels; boat docks,
marinas, piers, wharfs,'and mooring pilings.
(c) Development Policy Alternatives
Pamlico County estuarine waters should be considered"a most
valuable public asset. Policy alternatives considered were: (1) total
and complete conservation of estuarine waters and (2) limited use consistent
with public requirements for access.
The County does not believe total conservation to be a realistic
alternative. Many areas can be used with the value of use far outweigh-
ing any harmful effects on these waters. Appropriate uses of these areas
are the uses stated in the Use Standards section (b).
(d) Implementation/Enforcement
Pamlico County will implement and enforce the estuarine waters policy
objective through strict and vigorous county enforcement of AEC and county
health regulations. The County will cooperate fully with state and federal
permitting and enforcement agencies with jurisdiction over estuarine
waters.
In every instance, the particular location, use, and design
characteristics shall be in accord with the general use standards
for coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, and public trust areas.
3) PUBLIC TRUST AREAS
Public trust areas are all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and
the lands thereunder from the mean high water mark to the seaward
limit of state jurisdiction; all natural bodies of water subject to
measurable lunar tides and lands thereunder to the mean high water
mark; all navigable natural bodies of water and lands thereunder
108

to the mean high water level or mean water level as the case may
be, except privately owned lakes to which the public has no right
or access; all water in artificially created bodies of water containing
significant public fishing resources or other public resources which
are accessible to the public by navigation from bodies of water in
which the public has rights of navigation; and all waters in
artificially created bodies of water in which the public has acquired
rights by prescription, custom, usage, dedication, or any other means.
In determining whether the public has acquired rights in artificially
created bodies of water, the following factors shall be considered:
(1) the use of the body of water by the public,
(2) the length of time the public has used the area,
(3) the value of public resources in the body of water,
(4) whether the public resources in the body of water are
mobile to the extent that they can move into natural
bodies of water,
(5) whether the creation of the artificial body of water
required permission from the state, and,
(6) the value of the body of water to the public for
navigation from one public area to another public area.
(a) Policy Objective
To protect public rights for navigation and recreation and
to preserve and manage the public trust areas so as to safeguard
and perpetuate their biological, economic and aesthetic value.
109

(b) Use Standards
Acceptable uses shall be those consistent with the management
objectives in (c) of this Rule. In the absence of overriding public
benefit, any use which significantly interferes with the public right
of navigation or other public trust rights which the public may be
found to have in these areas shall not be allowed. The development
of navigational channels or drainage ditches, the use of bulkheads
to prevent erosion, and the building of piers, wharfs, or marinas are
examples of uses that may be acceptable within public trust areas,
provided that such uses will not be detrimental to the public trust
rights and the biological and physical functions of the estuary.
Projects which would directly or indirectly block or impair existing
navigation channels, increase shoreline erosion, deposit spoils
below mean high tide, cause adverse water circulation patterns, violate
' water quality standards, or cause degradation.of shellfish waters
are generally considered incompatible with the management policies
of public trust areas. In every instance, the particular location;
use, and design characteristics shall be in accord with the general
use standards for coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, and public trust
areas.
(c) Development Policy Alternatives
Pamlico County public trust waters should be considered a
valuable public asset. Policy alternatives considered were: (1) total
prohibition of use and conservation of public trust waters and
(2) limited use consistent with the use standards of section (b).
Pamlico County does not believe the first alternative to be
realistic. Many areas can be used without violating the public
110

trust of the waters with the use value far outweighing any harmful
effects created. The second alternative is considered desirable.
(d) Implementation/Enforcement
Pamlico County will implement and enforce the public trust
waters policy objective through strict and vigorous enforcement of
AEC and county health regulations. The County will cooperate fully
with state and federal permitting and enforcement agencies with
jurisdiction over public trust waters.
4) ESTUARINE SHORELINES
Estuarine shorelines are those non -ocean shorelines which are
especially vulnerable to erosion, flooding, or other adverse effects
of wind and water and are intimately connected to the estuary. This
area extends from the mean high water level or normal water level
along the estuaries, sounds, bays, and brackish waters as set forth t
in an agreement adopted by the Wildlife Resources Commission and
the Department of Natural Resources and Community Development
(described in Regulation .0206 (a) of this Section) for a distance
of 75 feet landward.
(a) Policy
Objective. To ensure shoreline development is compatible with
both the dynamic nature of estuarine shorelines and the values of the
estuarine system.
(b) Use Standards
(1) All. development projects, proposals, and designs
shall be to substantially preserve and not weaken or eliminate
natural barriers to erosion, including, but not limited to,
Peat marshland, resistant clay shorelines, cypress -gum
ill

protective fringe areas adjacent to vulnerable shorelines.
(2) All development projects, proposals, and designs shall
limit the construction of impervious surfaces and areas
not allowing natural drainage to only so much as is
necessary to adequately service the major purpose or
use for which the lot is to be developed. Impervious
surfaces shall not exceed 30 percent of the AEC area
of the lots, unless the applicant can show that such
a limitation will allow no practical use to be made of the
lot.
(3) All development projects, proposals, and designs shall comply
with the following mandatory standards of the North Carolina
Sedimentation Pollution Control Act of 1973:
(A) All development projects, proposals, and designs
shall provide for a buffer tone along the margin of
the estuarine water which is sufficient to confine
visible siltation within 25 percent of the buffer
zone nearest the land disturbing development.
(B) No development project proposal or design shall permit
an angle for graded slopes or fill which is greater
than an angle which can be retained by vegetative
cover or other adequate erosion -control devices or
structures.
(C) All development projects, proposals, and designs
which involve uncovering more than one acre of land
shall plant a ground cover sufficient to restrain
erosion within 30 working days of completion of
the grading, provided that this shall not apply
112

to clearing land for the purpose of forming a reser-
voir later to be inundated.
(4) Development shall not have a significant adverse impact on
estuarine resources.
(5) Development shall not significantly interfere with existing
public rights of access to, or use of, navigable waters
or public resources.
(6) No major public facility shall be permitted if such facility
is likely to require extraordinary public expenditures for
maintenance and continued use, unless it can be shown that
the.public purpose served by the facility outweighs the
required public expenditures for construction, maintenance,
and continued use. For the purpose of this standard, "public
facility" shall mean a project which is paid for in any
part by public funds.
(7) Development shall not cause major or irreversible damage to
valuable documented historic architectural or archeological
resources.
(c) Development Policy Alternatives
Development policy alternatives for Estuarine Shorelines in Pamlico
County include the following: (1) County or public acquisition of shoreline;
(2) prohibition of private development through regulation; (3) regulated
development of appropriate land uses; or (4) action by the Coastal
Resources Commission to remove the AEC designation from the area.
The County does not consider acquisition feasible for several
reasons. First and most Prohibitive is cost of these areas. The
County does not have the financial resources to purchase these areas.
Secondly the County believes these areas have appropriate uses which
113

the County could not afford to provide. Prohibition of all
private development through regulation is not considered
legal by the county without just compensation to current
owners. Financial resources as discussed do not permit this.
Removal of estuarine shorelines from designation as an AEC
is not considered desirable by the County and is not viewed
as a realistic alternative.
The desired alternative to accomplish the policy ob-
jective is regulation of development insuring appropriate
land uses along estuarine shorelines. Appropriate land uses
are listed under section (b). Pamlico County believes all
these uses to be appropriate along the various estuarine shore-
line located within Pamlico County.
(d) Implementation/Enforcement
Pamlico County will implement and enforce the estuarine
shoreline policy objective through strict and vigorous county
enforcement of AEC and county/state health regulations. The
County will cooperate fully with state and federal permitting
and enforcement agencies.
S) OCEAN HAZARD CATEGORIES
The next board grouping is composed of those AECs that
are considered natural hazard areas along the Atlantic Ocean
shoreline where, because of their special vulnerability to
erosion or other adverse effect of sand, wind, and water, un-
controlled or incompatible development could unreasonably en-
danger life or property. Ocean hazard areas include beaches,
frontal dunes, inlet lands, and other areas in which geologic,
vegative and soil conditions indicate a substantial possibility
of excessive erosion or flood damage.
There are no Ocean Hazard category AECs within Pamlico
County.
6) PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY CATEGORIES
The third broad grouping of AECs includes valuable small
surface water supply watersheds and public water supply well
114

fields.
There are no identified Public Water Supply category
AECs within Pamlico County.
7) GENERAL
The fourth and final group AECs is gathered under the
heading of fragile coastal natural and cultural resources
areas and is defined as areas containing environmental,
natural or cultural resources of more than local significance
in which uncontrolled or incompatible development could re-
sult in major or irreversible damage to natural systems or
cultural resources, scientific, educational, or associative
values, or aesthetic qualities.
There are no identified general category AECs within
Pamlico County.
B. CONSTRAINTS TO DEVELOPMENT
Constraints to development are discussed on pages 56-67.
The following are the Pamlico County policies on resource protection
in these areas.
(1) Man -Made Hazard Areas. The only man-made hazard area in .
Pamlico County is the U.S. Marine Corp Brant Island Bombing Range.
Pamlico County is concerned .that some county residents as a result
of the range are facing a situation which is detrimental to their
health, welfare, and economic well-being. Aircraft using the Brant
Island Range are required, by the location of the range, to make
their approach runs at low altitude over populated areas, causing
dishes to rattle in cupboards and cracks in walls within some homes
in the approach route. The past day/night use of the range has dis-
rupted normal rest habits of the populace and contributes to
emotional unrest.
(a) Policy Objective - The following resolution which has
been adopted by the County Commissioners should be considered
the official county policy.
(Resolution on Next Page)
115

PAMLICO COUNTY
RESOLUTIONS
WHEREAS the Board of County Commissioners of Pamlico County as
the duly elected representatives of the Citizens of Pamlico County are
responsible for the Economic well-being of those citizens; and
WHEREAS the Board of County Commissioners of Pamlico County as
the duly elected representatives of the citizens of Pamlico County are
responsible for the health and welfare of those citizens; and
WHEREAS the existence of the Brant Island Bombing Range in its
present location creates a situation which is detrimental to the health,
welfare and economic well-being of citizens of Pamlico County; and
WHEREAS the existence of Brant Island Bombing Range in its present
location causes unnecessary expenditure of increasingly precious
petroleum products by necessitating wide detours by fishermen using
Pamlico County ports; and
WHEREAS the movement of the bombing range to a location recommended
by the Division of Marine Fisheries, nearer to MCAS, Cherry Point, will
conserve on the same increasingly precious resource and additionally
enhance the health, welfare and economic well-being of citizens of Pamlico
County;
NOW BE IT THEREFORE RESOLVED that the Governor of the State of North
Carolina is hereby requested to use the powers of his office to expedite
the moving of the aforesaid bombing range thereby enhancing the life
quality of citizens of Pamlico County.
116

(b) Appropriate Uses - Appropriate uses for this
area include only hunting, fishing, or other low
intensity recreational or commercial fishing uses.
County does not, as stated previously, agree with
the use of this area as a bombing range. The County
believes the current use is not compatible with
best interest of area residents.
(c) Development Policy Alternatives - A number of
alternativeswere considered when the county adopted
the resolution concerning Brant Island. The policy
selected was obviously one of the more radical avail-
able. The County could have reacted more passively
and not opposed the current use of the site or only
requested changes in the hours or type of use. The
County, however, did not believe either to be an alter-
native that would provide the relief needed.
(d) Implementation/Enforcement - Implementation and
enforcement of the policy objective will be accomplished
only with and through the cooperation of the U.S.
Marine Corps and Department of Defense.
(2) Natural Hazard Areas - These areas in Pamlico County
include two categories, 1) areas of excessive erosion
and 2) coastal flood plains.
(1)(a) Areas of Excessive Erosion Policy Objective -
To prevent the undue and unnecessary loss of life or
property due to excessive erosion.
(1)(b) Appropriate Uses - Appropriate uses include
those uses which do not unduly endanger life or pro-
perty because of erosion. Inappropriate uses include
any construction or use that will promote growth and
development in a shoreline area predicted to suffer
major erosion damage.
117

(1) (c) Development Policy Alternatives - The County considered
two pltarnatfves. The first alternative was to prohibit
all construction in high erosion areas. This alternative
was viewed as unnecessarily restrictive. The second
alternative and believed by the.County as the most
appropriate is to allow any use which does not unduly
endanger life or property as stated in section (b).
The County does not promote development of any type in
these areas; however, some uses and particularly those
increasing waterfront access should be permitted.
(1) (d) Implementation/Enforcement - The County will implement
and enforce the policy objective through strict enforce-
ment of County building codes and health regulations.
The County will also cooperate fully with federal land
and state enforcement and permitting agencies.
(2) (a) Coastal Flood Plains Policy Objective - All development
shall be in compliance with the Pamlico County Flood
Plan Ordinance when adopted. Until adoption of a County
ordinance (expected in fall of 1980) all development
shall meet the requirements of federal flood insurance
coverage.
(2) (b) Appropriate Uses - Any use not in violation of the County
flood ordinance, federal flood insurance regulation, or
other Pamlico County Policy objective.
118

(3) Soils
(2) (c) Development Policy Alternatives - Pamlico County
considers the only alternative to be in compliance
with all federal flood insurance regulations. The
County does not believe any further regulation is
necessary.
(2) (d) Implementation/Enforcement - Pamlico County will
implement and enforce the policy objective through
strict participation in and strict enforcement of
federal flood insurance regulations and programs.
(a) Policy Objective - To support the programs of the US Soil
Conservation Service. To insure adequate soil conditions
for sewer and water in the future development through
enforcement of State and Federal Health Regulations relating
to soils.
(b) Appropriate Uses - Any use which does not or which cannot be
proven beyond a reasonable doubt to present a substantial
hazard to the soils of Pamlico County.
(c) Development Policy Alternatives - The only alternative consid-
ered by the county was.to actively support the soil conser--
vation programs of the federal and state governments.
(d) Implementation/Enforcement - Pamlico County will implement
and enforce the policy objective through the use of the
Y
county building and health inspection departments.
119

C. Specific Local Resource Development Issues Relative to 15 NCAC 7H
Pamlico County has not addressed specific resources development issues
relative to 15 NCAC 7H. The County policies are the policies stated under
Areas of Environment Concern. The County does not believe any policies
beyond those stated in the AEC section are necessary at this time.
D. Other Hazardous or Fragile Land Areas
Other Hazardous or Fragile Land Areas are identified and discussed on
pages 67-76.
(1) Water Supply Sources
(a) Policy Objective - To insure availability of fresh
usable water from the aquifers providing the County
water supply.
(b) Appropriate Uses - Any use which does not endanger the
County's subsurface aquifers either from pollution or
overuse.
(c) Development Policy Alternatives - Pamlico County considers
the only realistic alternative to be one of support for
and frequent review of state and federal programs and
regulations regarding both ground water and subsurface
aquifiers. The only other alternative identified was to
leave the responsibility with state and federal agencies.
(d) Implementation/Enforcement - Pamlico Health Department
will be the responsible agency for the review as stated
under section (c).
120

(2) Coastal Wetlands, Estuarine Waters, Public Trust Areas, and Estuarine
Shorelines are discussed and policies stated under Areas of Environment
Concern.
(3) Unique Coastal Geologic Formations
(a) Policy Objective - To protect and preserve the geologic
formation on Benner's Plantation and any other subsequently
identified sites.
(b) Appropriate Uses - Any use which will in the opinion of the
NC State Geologist not destroy the geologic value of the site.
(c) Development Policy Objectives - Alternatives considered
were: 1) total development prohibition through county
ordinance; 2) limited development provided the geologic
value of the site is not destroyed; and 3) development
where the value of the development is greater than the
value of.the geologic site.
Pamlico County believes the second alternative to,be the
most appropriate under normal circumstances. The County,
however, reserves the right to follow the third alternative
provided the County Commissioners agree with the assessed
value of the development and the consequences thereof.
(4) Significant Coastal Historic Architectural. and Archaeological Resources
(a) Policy Objective - To protect and preserve the China Grove
Plantation, all other structures identified in the recently
completed survey by the NC Division of Archives and History,
and any additional structures subsequently identified.
121

To protect and reserve existing or potential archaeological
sites as identified by the Division of Archives and History.
(b) Appropriate Uses - Any use which in the opinion of the NC
Historical Commission and/or Pamlico County will not endanger,
destroy, or remove the historic value of the property or site.
(c) Development Policy Objectives - Pamlico County has considered
the following alternatives: 1) total prohibition through
county ordinance of any action which would destroy the value
of a historic property or archaeological site; 2) no action
by the County; and 3) support and enforcement of existing
state and federal laws and regulations governing preservation
of historic and archaeological site and properties. The
County believes the third alternative to be the most approp-
riate. The County does not believe local action is required
at this time and feels that state and federal contracts are
sufficient at the present time. A listing of state and federal
regulations is attached.
(d) Implementation/Enforcement
-
Pamlico County will
implement
and
enforce the various rules
and regulations in
this area
through the permitting policies of the County Building
Inspection Department. The County will not attempt to
control land use activities relevant to historic preservation
beyond those identified through the County Future Land Use
Map.
122

FEDERAL
STATE
FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL CONTROLS
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966
The Archeological and Historic Preservation Act of 1974, Public
Law 93-291
Executive Order 11593, Protection and Enhancement of the Cultural
Environment, 16 USC 470 (Supp. 1, 1971)
National Environmental Policy Act, Public Law 91-190, 42 USC 4321 EU.
Seq. (1970)
Community Development Act of 1974, Public Law 93-383: Environ-
mental Review Procedures for the Community Development Block
Grant Program (40 CFR Part 58)
Procedures for the Protection of Historic and Cultural Properties
(636 CFR Par 806)
Comprehensive Planning Assistance Program (701) as Amended by
Public Law 93-393
The Department of Transportation Act of 1966, Public Law 89-670
Identification and Administration of Cultural Resources; Procedures
of Individual Federal Agencies
G.S. 121.12(a) Protection of Properties in the National Register
State Environmental Policy Act, Article 1 of Chapter 113A of the
General Statutes
Executive Order XVI
Indian Antiquities, G.S. 70. 1-4
Salvage of. Abandoned Shipwrecks and Other Underwater Archeological
Sites: G.S. 121-22, 23, 143E-62(1) g, (3)
Archeological Salvage in Highway Construction, C.S. 136-42.1
Provisions for Cultural Resources in Dredging and Filling Operations,
G.S. 113-229
123

E. Hurricane and Flood Plain_ Evacuation Needs and Plans
Under North Carolina General Statutes, Chapter 166 the Pamlico County
Civil Preparedness Agency was organized. This Department of the County
government coordinates all hurricane, flood evacuation and emergency plans
for the County.
(a) Policy Objective - The plans developed by the County
Civil Preparedness Office are the official plans of the
County and shall be those utilized when circumstances
require.
(b) Appropriate Uses - Appropriate uses of these plans shall
be for the purposes of directing hurricane and or flood
plain evacuations.
(c) Development Policy Alternatives - Pamlico County did
not consider any alternatives other than strict adherence
to the existing County Plan.
(d) Implementation/Enforcement - The Pamlico -County Civil
Preparedness Director shall be responsible for implemen-
tation of these plans as necessary.
124

B. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
POLICIES
125

The importance of agriculture, forestry, mining, and commercial
fishing are discussed on pages 28-36. The 1976 CAMA Plan also discusses
the importance of these areas to the economic base of Pamlico County.
The Pamlico County Policy with respect to natural resource production and
management recognizes the close relationship between the County residents'
economic livelihood and the land and water resources of the area.
(1) Recreation
Pamlico County enjoys a wealth of natural resources which are
very valuable for recreation purposes. Most easily identified are the
resources available for hunting, sport fishing and water activities.
(a) Policy Objective - Pamlico County supports recreation through
preservation of the County's natural resources and the programs
and activities of the County Recreation Department.
(b) Policy Alternatives - Pamlico County recognizes the importance
of recreation for County citizens. The County supports the
programsof the County Recreation Department as the most
appropriate and reasonable alternative. The County feels the
responsibility for recreation should lie first with the citizen
and only secondly with local government.
(c) Implementation/Enforcement - The County will implement and
enforce the recreation policy objective through the County
Recreation Department primarily. Natural Resources protection
will be the responsibility of various county permitting agencies.
The County Recreation Department should be consulted for more
information concerning specific recreation policies and programs.
126

(2) Productive Agricultural Lands
County is economically dependent
on the productive agriculture lands within the County. The
County supports the preservations of these lands for agriculture
purposes. Exception: The limited soils in the County often
require the use of agriculture land for growth and development.
The County supports limited growth on agriculture lands that
will improve either the overall housing conditions of the
County.or the overall economic conditions of the County.
(b) Appropriate Uses - Any productive agricultural use which
is not or cannot be proven to endanger or harm the environment.
Any use proven to meet the conditions of the policy objective
exception. The County only seeks to encourage growth in
these areas which are designated .on the County's Future Land
Use Map.
(c) Development Policy Alternatives - The County did not consider
additional land use controls to implement the policy objective.
Basic alternatives were: 1) to restrict development completely
on prime agricultural lands; 2) permit unrestricted growth
through a noncontrol policy; or 3) encourage development only
where the overall housing or economic conditions of the County
can be shown to directly benefit. The County believes the
third alternative to be the most appropriate and insures the
least interference with the private property rights of
county land owners.
127

(d) Implementation/Enforcement - The policy objective will
be implemented through and by the County Planning Board
using the County subdivision ordinance and Future Land
Use Map. Agricultural lands are classified as Rural on
the County's Future Land Use Map.
(2) Forestry
a) Policy Objective - Forestry is the largest land use in
Pamlico County. The County supports the preservation of
forestry lands and forestry management practices which do
7
not substantially harm the environment. Expection: The
County will conditionally support the clearing of forests
provided the future use of the land will either improve
the overall housing conditions or overall economic conditions
of Pamlico County.
(b) Appropriate Uses - Proven. forestry management practices which
are environmentally safe or any use proven to meet the policy
objective exception.
(c) Development Policy Alternatives - Basic alternatives considered
were: 1) establish land use controls to prohibit development
with forest lands; 2) permit unrestricted development or use
through a no control policy; or 3) encourage development only
where the overall housing or economic conditions of the County
can be shown to directly benefit. The County believes the
third alternative to be the most appropriate and insure the
least interference with the private property rights of County
land owners.
128

(d) Implementation/Enforcement- The policy objective will be
implemented and enforced by the County Planning Board using
the existing totals of the County Subdivision Ordinance
and the Future Land Use Map. Forest lands are classified
C(3)Minin)
Large phosphate deposits exist under Pamlico County which will in
as rural on the County's Future Land Use Map.
the future probably be mined. The County at this time does not wish to make
a policy statement regarding future mining. osition on phosphate
mining will be determined by the County using all facts available at such
time as phosphate mining within the County is imminent within the near future.
The County reserves the right to establish a policy on mining.
In the absence of an official policy, Pamlico County does wish to
hasize the concern the County has for preservation of the very sensitive
ironment of the areas where peat deposits are known to exist.
(4) Commercial Fishing
(a) Policy Objective - Pamlico County.supports the preservation
of the productive fisheries located in and around Pamlico
County. The County does not support any growth or development
in which a reasonable expectation exists that damage will
occur to the commercial fishing resources of Pamlico County.
(b) Appropriate Uses-- Any use which does not permit over -fishing
of the County waters or endanger the productivity of these
fisheries.
129

(c) Development Policy Alternatives - Pamlico County believes
the only reamonuble alternative in protection and premervn-
tion of commercial fisheries surrounding the County.
(d) Implementation/Enforcement- The County will enforce the
policy objective through strict enforcement of all County
Health and Sanitary regulations and fully support the
activities of state and federal authorities.
(5) Off -Road Vehicles- Pamlico County has no policy concerning the use of
vehicles.
130

Co ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
POLICIES
131

B
ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
POLICIES
The 1976 Pamlico County Plan contained specific goals and objectives
for employment, water, sewer, and industrial development. A common
objective found throughout these goals was the desire of the County for
moderate growth and preservation of the very sensitive natural environment
The County believed these goals were possible and could be compatible if
properly managed. The desire for growth was made while recognizing state
projections indicating a decreasing population through the year 2,000.
Recent projections and early reports from the 1980 Census indicate
Pamlico County is experiencing moderate growth. The County supports this
residential and accompanying commerical growth. The desire to maintain
the basicially rural community identity is expressed on the Future Land
Use Map of the County. A primary area of concern is the very poor housing
conditions existing throughout the County and especially in low income
areas. The County has sought to improve conditions in these areas by
applying for federal Community Development funds. Past applications have
not been successful, however, the County believes strongly that the need
exists and will continue to seek funding.
Pamlico County also seeks to encourage second home development and
welcomes retired persons moving to the County. The County believes the
seasonal and retirement population will provide increased tax revenues and,
can be accommodated within reasonable limits without endangering the
environment. No County policy should be constructed to be contrary to either
of these objectives.
132

The following are the policy objectives of the County for specific
areas:
A. Industrial Development
Pamlico County supports and is actively seeking light industrial
dev lopment. The most desired industry is the relatively small employer
providing approximately 25 to 100 high wage skilled positions. Ideally this
type of industry would be clean, without fumes, noise, or other pollution
causing by product. The County also believes additional development is
possible without the fishing, seafood, and forestry areas. Particularly
development of a dry dock facility to service the commercial fishing fleet
is supported by the County. Heavy industry employing large numbers of
people with the accompanying environmental problems is not desired. The
objective of industrial development is based on the desire of Pamlico
County to first provide jobs for County citizens and secondly to diversify
the major employment sources now existing. High wage jobs are required to:
1) decrease the out migration of young county residents; 2) improve income
levels within the County; and 3) reduce the high percentage of substandard
housing in the county. These problems are discussed in greater detail
in the Description of Present Conditions section of this plan. Major
employment sources presently are confined to five industries. They are
commerical fishing, agriculture, forestry, Cherry Point Marine Air Station
in Craven County, and Texas Gulf in Beaufort County. The demise of any one
of these industries would have a catastrophic effect on the economy of
Pamlico County.. Without diversified industry, the labor force is by
necessity walking a very tight rope.
133

Seven industrial -sites and an industrial park are indicated on
the Industrial Site Map of the County. The County will also consider
additional locations especially for industry requiring water access as
in the case of a dry dock facility.
B. COMMITMENT TO PROVIDING SERVICES
The first priority for providing public services in Pamlico County
are the transition areas of the Future Land Use Map. These areas in-
clude the Towns of Bayboro and Oriental and the industrial park north of
Minnesott Beach on Highway 306.
The County has implemented and is committed to a Countywide water
system. Phase one of this system is near completion. When finished, this
system will be available to most potential users in the County on a fee
basis.
Bayboro, Oriental and surrounding areas are within EPA 201 Facility
Planning Areas for sewer service. These communities have not actively
pursued implementation of these plans to date. With the exception of the
201 areas, financial constraints will most likely prevent the County or
it's municipalities from providing sewer service in the near future.
All other County services including refuse collection, law enforce -
went, fire protection, etc. that are presently available to all county
residents will be extended upon request to any new facility. Services
beyond those presently provided and not previously discussed (water and
sewer) will not normally be provided by the County. Pamlico County, how-
ever, reserves the right to establish other services on an individual basis
after performing a cost benefit analysis.
The County Manager is the primary official with responsibility for
providing services. The Manager is assisted by various county department
heads, including the water system superintendent, the health department
director, and others.
134

O
V
-
V
Q
Sites
o
PAMLICO COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
• Site. ■ fkrk

The County has and will continue to seek additional financing for major
services through federal and state grant and loan programs. Most used
programs to date are those of the Farmer's Home Administration and the
Economic Development Administration.
C. Urban Growth Desired
Pamlico County supports urban type growth only within the designated
transition areas of the County. However, the County does support less
dense residential growth compatible with the County Subdivision regulations
in both the Community and Rural classified lands. The County believes this
growth should follow the pattern of small towns and communities now existing.
Pamlico County does not support extensive urban growth which would create
major changes in the present population density of the County or place
additional stress on the environment.
The County will insure its' current development pattern through the
strict enforcement of both county subdivision regulations and state health
regulations. These regulations which are enforced by the County Planning
Board and Health Department respectively will continue to prevent undesirable
high density development due to generally poor soil.conditions and accompanying
waste disposal problems.
One significant fact is the County's desire to allow subdivision develop-
ment in land classified as rural. The County believes this is a necessary
exception to the normal land classification system. The extensive shoreline
and limited soils combine to force development pressure outside the present
communities. The County believes growth in rural areas is required if growth
is to be accommodated in a reasonably low density environmentally safe fashion.
The County believes the previously mentioned controls combined with AEC
regulations will both prohibit undesirable development while permitting the
desired lower density growth.
136

D. Redevelopment of Developed Areas
Pamlico County .has attempted for several years to receive HUD Community
Block Grant funding for a housing rehabilitation demolition, and relocation
program. The County; however, has not been successful in receiving federal
funding. The target areas for the 1979 HUD application were for the un-
incorporated communities of Florence and Pamlico. This program was sought
by the County in contrast to the "no action" alternative under which re-
habilitation, etc., is being left to the private market. Without funding
the consequence has been very little private action to improve housing
conditions. A complete analysis of housing conditions is available from
the 1980 Pamlico County Housing Element. Basic needs with goals and objectives
are discussed and included within this document.
The County through its planning department will continue to seek funding '
to improve housing conditions. Assistance from various agencies including
the Neuse River Council of Governments and the NC Department of Natural
Resources and Community Development will be utilized to the greatest extent
Possible in development of future grant.applications.
Redevelopment in areas other than housing is not necessary at this time
since the County does not contain any major urban areas with associated de-
caying residential neighborhoods, commercial areas or industrial complexes.
E. Committment to State and Federal Programs
Pamlico County is generally supportive of state and federal programs
including erosion control, public water access, highway improvements, and
construction, port facilities; dredging, military facilities, etc.. There
are no federal or state programs at present which create either overriding
interest or concerns in Pamlico County. Areas where state and/or federal
programs assistance may he requested are:
137

(1) Four laning of NC 55 from Grantsboro west to New Bern.
(2) Additional marinas in Oriental.
(3) Dredging of Eastham and Gideon Creeks
(4) Facility to accommodate the commercial fishing fleet.
(5) Air facility near Oriental
(6) Legislative control over indiscriminate.forestry
• practices.
The County is willing to commit resources to these projects if funds
are available. Pamlico County reserves the right to review and comment
and to support or oppose other projects individually. The County is an
active member of the Neuse River Council of Governments and reviews all
state and federal projects included under the A-95 Project Notification
and Review System. All official comments are directed through the County
Manager's Office.
F. Assistance to Channel Maintenance and Beach Nourishment
Pamlico County supports both Channel Maintenance and Beach Nourishment
projects provided the benefits gained can be proven to be greater than
the resulting cost whether financial or to the environment.
The County supports the Corps of Engineers' program to maintain and
improve the Intercoastal Waterway as an avenue of commercial and recreational
traffic. Given the economic importance of the waterway, there is no real
alternative to this position. The County will assist the Corps and State
agencies in maintaining adequate channels in the Pamlico County area to the
extent possible. More specifically, the County will assist, if requested,
in obtaining easements for work and in identifying sites for "borrow"
material and for deposition of "spoil" material.
138

G. Energy Facility Siting and Development
Pamlico County has no specific policy on energy facility siting or
development at this time. However, the county is generally opposed to
developing or locating of any major energy facility within Pamlico County.
The County does not believe a facility can be located which will not
be an extreme hazard to the natural resources of the area. The County
growth policy is not compatible with establishment of an energy facility.
The County reserves the right to and will comment on the locating
of any proposed energy, but only after extensive review of benefits and
accompanying hazards.
H. Tourism, Beach, and Waterfront Access
Pamlico County receives substantial economic benefits from tourism.
Tourism; however, is not a major income producer in the County with the
potential benefit an untapped resource. The popularity of Pamlico County
as a tourist area is the result of.the county being nearly surrounded by
water. The large undeveloped areas and water create many opportunities
for hunting, fishing, sailing, and other outdoor recreational pursuits.
Water access is discussed further under the Attachment B Issues.
The policy of Pamlico County is to promote tourism as an important
segment of the economy. The County, however, does not desire to change
the present overall social -economic character of the county into one of a
major tourism center experiencing a mass influx of seasonal visitors. The
County does not support major tourism increases which will over -extend the
capability of the County to provide support services or threaten environ-
mentally sensitive areas.
Alternatives to the stated policy would not be in keeping with the
County objectives for protection of the environment or maintenance of the
139

generally low density, rural, small village nature of the population.
Alternatives encouraging major growth in tourism would be very diffi-
cult to manage without placing undesired controls on the existing
population.
Tourism can be promoted and increased in some areas of Pamlico
County without conflict with other County objectives. These include
the sailing industry at Oriental, continued use of summer camp facili-
ties, sports fishing throughout county waters, golf and other recreational
activities at Minnesott Beach, development of historic resources, and
others.
Accomplishment of County tourism objectives will be the result
of both public and private efforts. The County Planner will be the
primary person for County initiated efforts. Private agencies with
responsibility in this area will be led by the Chamber of Commerce.
140

D.. ATTACHMENT B ISSUES
141

A'rTACNMENT B ISSUES
The following issues are discussed in compliance with the require-
ment of the Coastal Resources Commission.
A. Seasonal Economic Problems
Pamlico County is similar to many small rural eastern North Caro-
lina counties. Unemployment rates are generally higher than average and
income levels lower than average for the State. As seen in the Data
Collection and Analysis section of this Plan significant progress has
not been made since the original employment goal was developed in 1976.
Seasonal employment created -by the fishing and agricultural industries
contribute to and make the overall employment problem difficult to
solve.
Several alternatives exist regarding.seasonal employment in Pamlico
r County. The County could as an alternative choose to ignore seasonal
employment or as an alternative in the other extreme attempt to com-
pletely industrialize eliminating the agricultural and fishing economies.
Neither of these alternatives is feasible or desirable. The County's
objective in this area is the same as for the total employment low wage
problem. The County is actively seeking small, clean, industry to pro-
vide a stable employment base for current county residents. Employment
opportunities of sufficient wage and skill levels to provide in -county
employment for the young adult segment of the population is the highest
priority. Industrial sites have been identified and the County will
work within its financial limits. to provide services to industry locat-
ing within the County.
B. Water Quality �-NeuseRi ve r
Pamlico County is very concerned with the water quality of the
142

Neuse River. Closed shell fishing areas, fish kills, low productivity
of estuarine w roblems associated with water qualit
directly affect the economy of Pamlico County. Certainly there are a
number of non -point sources of pollution in the County. The many sep-
tic tanks located in poor soils near water and the water table, agri-
culture runoff from farms, forestry management operations, and county
mosquito control (ditching) programs all contribute to Neuse River
water quality in varying degrees.
Pamlico County,
however,
believes
the majority of pollution occurs
many miles upstream.
Simple
operations
like the by-passing of a waste
water treatment plant produces far more pollution than present activi-
ties within Pamlico County.
The County believes the only alternatives in the interest of Pamlico
County regarding water quality are: 1) To maintain strict.enforcement of
county permitting programs which either directly or indirectly relate
to water quality; and 2) To maintain a strong advocacy role in support
of water quality improvement in the Neuse River with responsible state
and federal agencies. Alternatives involving no action passive support,
or major financial cost are not appropriate from the County at this time.
The general County government will assume the advocacy position
with the lead role by the County Commissioners and the responsible person
the County Manager. The primary enforcement role for implementing this
policy will rest with the health department and the County AEC permit
officer. Other action to improve water quality will be the general
support of the 201 programs in Oriental and Bayboro by the County. The
County also believes increased action by state and federal enforcement
agencies using existing laws and regulations would be the most meaning-
ful step to improve Neuse River water quality.
143

C. Water Access/Private and Public Marina Development
Present public access areas to the waters surrounding Pamlico
r
County is very limited. At the present tithe the County does not own
any pubI I(- I)o*u,Ilpm or uthor rot-raatI onnl hraaa nflac,ant to water. Thorp
are three Wildlife boating ramps in use and also a public ramp at
Vandemere. The County policy is to support and encourage the develop-
ment of public facilities which will insure every county resident with
easily accessible access to the water.
Financial constraints limit the alternatives available to the County
for implementing this policy. The County does not consider the alter-
native of relying solely on private development as totally feasible
since many citizens could not afford the costs normally associated with
private development. The most reasonable alternative at this time is:
1) to identify any resources available that can be used to provide public
water access; and 2) to participate any state and federal programs pro-
viding funding for projects of this type.
The County Planner will investigate various grant programs for im-
proving water access including Wildlife Resources, Sea Grant, BOR, and
others. The County will also assist any individual or private concern
in locating sites acceptable for development of public water access areas.
Existing marinas in Pamlico County are at or near capacity. This
is especially true in Oriental which is a major sailing,port for the
entire coast. The same problems.are also present when discussing marina
development that are present when addressing waterfront access in general.
However, the financial cost and difficulty in locating acceptable sites
for marina development magnify the problem many times.
Financially it is not a reasonable alternative for Pamlico County
to attempt marina development with County funds. This could only be
144

considered as an alternative if a major grant funding source either
public or private were subsequently identified. This is not considered
a likely occurrence. The other alternative and the alternative selected
is to actively support marina development in the county including within
public trust waters. j
In support the County will assist reasonable private developers r
in locating sites and complying with necessary permits for marina de-
velopment. The primary responsibility for these actions will rest with
the County Planner and AEC permit officer.
D. Second Home Development
Second home development has increased in Pamlico County in recent
years. These homes have placed some strain on the county services and
have created real or potential pollution problems in some areas. Second
homes constructed in recent years however, have met the requirements of
county health and subdivision regulations. These homes have increased
the.county tax base far above the cost of county services which they
require.
Several possible alternatives exist concerning second homes. The
County does not feel a major discussion is presently necessary. Second
homes are not considered a major problem in Pamlico County.
The County policy is to encourage second home development meeting
the County health and subdivision regulations. The County does not be-
lieve that with these restrictions major second home development will
occur or undesirable second home development will occur.
The County will implement this policy through its continued coopera-
tion with builders and developers of second homes and second home com-
munities.
145

E. CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
POLICIES
146

CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
A. Plan Update
The original 1976 Plan was prepared following extensive public
participation and education efforts. Meetings were held in every
township in 1976 and approximately ten percent of all county residents
• responded to a questionnaire concerning development and land use. 1980
efforts were based to a lesser degree on public information, primarily
since the Act is now six years old, and more on development of defini-
tive policy statements. Since no major changes are seen from the goals
of 1976 and the policies of 1980 it should be safe to assume that sig-
nificant percentage of county residents again agree with the direction
of this Plan.
In the preparation of this Plan update, citizen participation has
R been encouraged through several methods. First,all County Planning
Board Meetings are open to the public and held in the County Courthouse
on the last Monday of each month at the same time. Second, detailed
newspaper articles were printed by the County paper covering the happen-
ings surrounding the Plan development. Third, the County Planning Board
advertised in two newspapers for, and held,one public meeting specifically
for the purpose of receiving public input into development of the policy
statements. The draft of the Plan was placed on review in the County
Courthouse and a public hearing was advertised again in two newspapers
and held by the County Commissioners prior to Plan adoption.
B. Public Education
The County Planner is the person with principal responsibility for
public education on planning issues. The Planner does this through
appearances before numerous civic groups to discuss a variety of planning
147

matters. The Planner also maintains a close working relationship with
the press, supplying much information to the public -through published
interviews and occasionally, through radio and TV appearances. These
activities are vital elements of the County's citizen participation
program and will be continued in the future. The Secretary to the
Planning Board also serves as County Building Inspector and AEC Per- •
mit Officer. In dealing directly with the public in these areas he
also is a valuable resource for continuing public education.
C. Continuing Efforts
The activities described above of both the County Planner and
Building Inspector/AEC Permit Officer should be considered as on-
going work elements. Additionally Planning Board activities will
continue to be covered by the press and any proposed changes in County
policy will be considered only after thorough opportunity for public
examination and input concerning the issue(s). Changes of significance
will be made through the same process as the Plan Update.
148

APPENDIX

SOILS DATA

In North Carolina, the State Land Policy Act and the Coastal
Area Management Act of 1974 evolved to provide policy and guidelines
for land use development throughout the state. Soils data is basic
information used in developing such guidelines. This, coupled with
the fact that modern soil surveys are still lacking for most of the
Coastal counties, prompted the assembly of soils information. This
was done by the North Carolina Department of Natural and Economic
Resources, working in cooperation with the United States Department
of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service; the Department of Soil
Science at North Carolina State University; and the Coastal Resources
Commission. The following is an excerpt of their report entitled
Soil Associations of the Coastal Area Management Region.
Some users of this excerpt may wish further assistance in the
interpretation of this data. More detailed interpretations of the
data and/or a full report can be obtained by contacting the Division
of Earth Resources, Department of Natural and Economic Resources,
P. 0. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611. Additional informa-
tion and copies of this report can also be obtained from the agencies
listed below.
1) Agricultural Extension Service
Department of Soil Science
North Carolina State University
P. 0. Box 5907
Raleigh, N. C. 27607
2) USDA Soil Conservation Service
Federal Building
P. 0. Box 27307
310 New Bern Avenue
Raleigh, N. C. 27611
3) Coastal Resources -Commission
Department of Natural and Economic Resources
P. 0. Box 27687
Raleigh, N.C. 27611
4) County Soil and Water Conservation Districts
151

A
GENERAL SOIL .FEATURES
General.features of a soil series include slope, position,
flooding, depth to seasonal high water table (SHWT), drainage
class, and factors affecting drainage. These features and their
interactions are considered in determining suitability for the
various land uses in Tables 2 and 3.
Slope refers to the incline of the surface of an area of
soil. It is an integral part of any soil as a natural body.
Slope is the vertical deviation in elevation between a base
point and a point 100 feet (horizontal distance) from the base ^
point. Thus, zero slope is a horizontal surface; 6 percent slope
indicates 6 feet of vertical rise or drop at a point 100 feet
from the base point.
Position is the topographic location of a soil. Position
is definT ed by the combination of physiography, relief, and/or
slope; and underlying geology.. Together these descriptive factors
tell whew a soil occurs on a landscape. Examples are positions
such as uplands, flatwood, stream terrace, and flood plain.
Flooding is the temporary covering of soil with water from
overflowing streams, with runoff from adjacent slopes, and by
tides. It is rated in general terms that describe the frequency
of flooding. These frequency ratings are
None - No reasonable possibility of flooding
Rare - Flooding unlikely but.possible under abnormal
conditions
Common - Flooding likely under normal condi*_<^ns
Occa ional - Less often than once in two years
Frequent - More often then once in two years
Depth to seasonal high water table (SHWT) is the vertical
distance from the surface of the soil to the highest level that
groundwater (at atmospheric pressure) reaches in the soil in most
years. In Table 1, SHWT is recorded in terms of depth and period
of months that the water table would influence any of the uses
rated in Table 2.
Drainage Class indicates the level of the ground water table
in a soil in its natural state. A high water table can create
seasonal or year-round management problems, and is indicated by
gray soil colors in the subsoil. Surface runoff, internal
movement of water, and depth to the water table influence soil
drainage.
Surface runoff is determined principally by slope; whereas,
internal movement of water is determined by permeability. Where
the water table level is at or near the soil surface.for long
periods of time, soil development and soil physical appearance
152

.,
13
will be quite different from that of a soil which rarely has
a water table near the soil's surface. There are seven soil
drainage classes. These classes are:
Very Poorly Drained - These soils have 10 inches or more of a
black surface and gray subsoils. Water is removed from the
soil so slowly that the water table normally remains at or
on the surface of the soil for much of the year.
Poorly Drained - These soils are dominantly gray throughout
the profile. The water table usually stands at or very near
the surface much of the year.
Somewhat Poorly Drained - These soils are gray with brownish
mottles from 12 to 24 inches below the soil's surface. Most crops
need drainage.
Moderately Well Drained - These soils are predominantly brown with
gray mottles 24 to 30 inches below the surface. This indicates
that permeability is slow or the water table normally fluctuates
near the location of the mottles.
Well Drained - These soils have red, yellow, or brown subsoils
and are free of mottles within 30 inches of the surface. These
colors indicate that the soil minerals are well oxidized. Well
drained soils are suited for most uses.
Somewhat Excessively Drained - These soils are free of mottling
throughout. Most are sandy and rapidly permeable.
Excessively Drained - These soils are generally coarse tt::xture:l
and free of mottling throughout. Water runs through these soils
rapidly and they are droughty if rainfall is limited.
Factors Affecting Drainage - The restrictive soil features
that affect the design, installation, and function of drainage
systems are shown in this column. They are:
Cutbanks cave - Walls of cuts are not stable
Floods - Soil temporarily flooded
Excess humus - Too r•uch organic matter
Peres slowly - Slow internal movement of water
Poor outlets - Suitable outlets may be lacking
Slope - Affects the flow rate
Wetness - Soils need drainage for most land uses
153

tr
un
INTERPRETIVE TABLE 1 - GENERAL FEATURES
Seasonal
High Water Table
Drainage
Factors Affecting
Soil Series
Slope
Position
Flooding
Depth (ft.) Months
Class
Drainage
Alt ►vista
0-6%
Stream terraces that
None to occasional
1.5-2.5
Dec. -Mar.
Moderately
Wetness, floods,
drain the Piedmont into
well drained
some slopes
_
'the Coastal Plain
qreater than 2 %
Arapahoe
0-2%
Level to nearly level on
Occasional
+.5-1.5
Dec. -May
Very poorly
Wetness, floods,
Lower Coastal Plain -
drained
poor outlets,
Pamlico Terrace
cutbanks cave
Auqusta
0-2%
Low stream terraces
None to common
0 - 1
Jan. -May
Somewhat
Wetness, floods
that drain the
poorly drained
Piedmont into the
Coastal Plain
Barclay
0-2i
Nearly level surface
None
1.5-2.5
Nov. -Mar.
Somewhat Wetness
on Lower Coastal
poorly drained
Plain - Pamlico
Terrace
Bayboro
0-2%
Nearly level or
Common
0 - 1
Dec. -Apr.
Very poorly
Wetness, peres
slightly depressional
drained
slowly
uplands on Lower
Coastal Plain
Baymeade
1-6%
Gently sloping uplands-
None
4 - 5
Dec. -Apr.
Well drained
Not needed
Lower Coastal Plain
Belhaven
0-21
Level to nearly level
Frequent
+1 - 1.0
Nov. -July
Very poorly
Wetness, floods,
areas - Lower Coastal
drained
peres slowly,
Plain
poor outlets
Bertie
0-2TNearly.level
uplands
None
1.5-2.5
Dec. -Mar.
Moderately
Wetness, cutbanks
Lower Coastal Plain -
well drained
cave
mlico Terrace

INTERPRETIVE TABLE 1 - GENERAL FEATURES
Seasonal
High Water Table
Drainage
Factors Affecting
Soil Series
Slope
Position
Flooding
Depth (ft.)l Months
Class
Drainage
Bibb
0-2%
On flood plains of
Common
0 - 1
Dec. -Apr.
Poorly
Floods, wetness
Coastal Plain streams
drained
Wetness, floods,
Bladen
0-28
Broad level flats -
Common
0 - 1
Dec. -May
Poorly
Lower Coastal Plain
drained
percs slowly
Blanton
0-12%
Nearly level to sloping
None
More than 6
Moderately
Not needed
uplands - Coastal Plain
well drained
Bohicket
0-18
Level tidal flats
Frequent
+3 •- 0
Jan. -Dec.
Very poorly
Floods, peres
drained
slowly, wetness
Bonneau
0-61
Nearly level to gently.
None
2.5-4.0
Jan. -Apr.
Moderately
Not needed
sloping uplands -
well drained
Coastal Plain
Cape Fear
0-28
Nearly level stream
Frequent
+.5-1.5
Nov. -Apr.
Very poorly
Wetness, floods,
terraces and low uplands
drained
peres slowly,
Coastal Plain
oor outlets
Carteret
0-2%
Level tidal marshes
Frequent -Daily
+ 3-1.0
Jan. -Dec.
Very poorly
Wetness, floods,
drained
poor outlets,
peres slowly,
cutbanks cave
Chewacla
0-28
Flood plains
Common
0.5-1.5
Nov. -Apr.
Somewhat
Wetness, poor
poorly
outlets, floods,
drained
cutbanks cave
Chipley
0-88
Nearly level to slop-
None
2 - 3
Jun. -Sep.
Moderately
Cutbanks cave
ing surfaces - Coastal
well drained
Plain

INTERPRETIVE TABLE 1 - GENERAL FEATURES
t,n
rn
Seasonal
High Water Table
Drainage
Factors Affecting
soil Series
Slope
Position
Floodingj
Depth (ft.) Months
Class
Drainage
Conaby
0-2i
Broad level flats -
Occasional
+.5-1.5
Nov. -May
Very poorly
Floods, peres
Lower Coastal Plain
drained
slowly, wetness
Conetoe
0-5i
Steam terraces i low
None to rare
More than 6
Well drained
Not needed
marine terraces -
Coastal Plain
Congaree
0-41
Flood plains
Frequent
2.5-4.0
Nov. -Apr.
Well drained
Floods
to moderately
well drained
Corolla
0-4%
Nearly level flats
Frequent
1.5-2.5
Jana -Dec.
Moderately
Wetness, floods
between sand dunes
well drained
and somewhat
poorly drain-
ed
Coxville
0-2%
Nearly level uplands-
None -Rare
.0-2.5
Nov. -Apra
Poorly drain-
Wetness, peres
Coastal Plain
ed
slowly
Craven
0-12%
Nearly level to slop-
None
.1.5-2.5
Dec. -Mar.
Moderately
Wetness, peres
ing,uplands - Coastal
well drain-
slowly, some
Plain
ed
slopes greater
than 2%
Currituck
0-1%
Fresh water marshes
Frequent
+1-1.0
Jan. -Dec.
Very poorly
Flooding, poor
and sounds along the
drained
outlets, cutbanks
Atlantic Coast
cave
Uare
0-1e
Level to nearly level
Frequent
+.5-1.0
Nov. -Aug.
Very poorly
Wetness, floods,
organic soils - Lower
drained
peres slowly,
Coastal Plain
excess humus.
1poor outlets

INTERPRETIVE TABLE 1 - GENERAL FEATURES
Seasonal
High Water
Table
Drainage
Factors Affecting
Soil Series
Slope
Position
Flooding
Depth (ft.)
Months
Class
Draina e
Dogue
0-121
Stream terraces that
None
1.5-2.5
Dec. -Apr.
Moderately
Wetness, peres
drain the Piedmont into
well drained
slowly
nearly level Coastal
Plain
Darovan
0-2%
Flood plains of tribu-
Frequent
< 0.5
Jan. -Dec.
Very poorly
Wetness,.flxds,
taries of major streams-
drained
excess humus
Coastal Plain
Dragstnn
0-2%
Nearly level stream
None
1.0-2.5
Nov. -Apr.
Somewhat
Wetness, cu=banks
terra: s - Coastal
poorly
cave
Plain
drained
Ducks.ton
0-2%
Shallow depressions
Frequent
0 - 1
Jan. -Dec.
Poorly
Wetness, fl->cds,
and nearly level
drained
cutbanks came
flats between Coastal
dunes
Dunbar
0-2%
Broad smooth uplands-
None
1.0-2.5
Nov. -May
Somewhat
Wetness, peres
middle and upper
poorly
slowly
Coastal Plain
drained
Duplin
0-53
Nearly level to gently
None
1.5-2.5
Dec. -Apr.
Moderately
Peres,slowl,
sloping surfaces -
well drained
some slopes great,
middle and upper Coastal
than 2 percent
Plain
Engelhard
0-2%
Nearly level surface
occasional
0 - 1
Nov. -May
Poorly
Wetness, floods,
around lakes - Lower
drained
cutbanks care,
Coastal Plain
poor outlets
Exum
0-5%
Nearly level to gently
None
1.5-2.5
Nov. -Apr.
Moderately
sloping uplands -
well drained
Coastal Plain

r
00
INTERPRETIVE TABLE 1 - GENERAL FEATURES
ucawuaa
High Water Table
Drainage
Factors Affecting
Soil Series
Slope
Position
Flooding
Depth (ft.) Months
Class
Drainage
Foreston
0-2%
Nearly level uplands -
None
1.5-2.5
Dec. -Apr.
Moderately
Coastal Plain
well drained
Fripp
2-30%
Undulating to rolling
Rare
More than 6
Excessively
_
Not needed
dunes adjoininq near
drained
beaches and waterways
7I
Goldsboro
0-5%
Nearly level to slop-
None j
2.5-3.5
Dec. -Mar.
Moderately
Some slopes
ing uplands -Coastal
+
well drained
greater than 2
Plain
percent
Grantham
0-23
Nearly level uplands -
Poorly
Wetness
Coastal Plain
None 0 -1.0
Dec. -Mar.
drained
Grilfton
0-2%
Nearly level uplands
None 0.5-1.0
Dec. -Mar.
Poorly
Wetness
and stream terraces-
drained
'
Coastal Plain
lio:onny
0-1£
Low nearly level to
Frequent +1 - 0
Jan. -Dec.
Very poorly
Floods, poor
level areas of the
drained
outlets, excess
Lower Coastal Plain
humus
Clyde
0-2%
Nearly level surface-
Occasional
0 -1.5
Dec. -Apr.
Very poorly
Wetness, poor
Lower Coastal Plain
drained
outlets
I:Ivershiel
0-2%
Level to nearly level
None
! 1.0-2.0
Dec. -Apr.
Somewhat
Wetness, peres
i
poorly
slowly
drained
Johns
0-28
Stream terraces and
None -rare
1.5-3.0
Nov. -Apr.
Somewhat
Cutbanks cave
uplands - Coastal
,
poorly
Plain
drained to
I
moderately
well drained
0
9

r
vl
INTERPRETIVE TABLE 1 - GENERAL FEATURES
Soil Series ISlope
I
Position
Flooding
seasonal
High Water Table (
Depth (ft.) Months
Drainage
Class
Factors Affecting
Drainage
+1.0-1.5
Nov. -Jun.
Very poorly
Wetness, floods.
Johnston
0-21
.Nearly level flood
Frequent
p ains_coastal Plain
drained
poor outlets
Kenansville
0-61t
Nearly level to gently I
None
More than 6.0
Well drained
Not needed
slr.ping L;plands and
stream terrace's -
__ _
Coastal Plain
_
Kureb
0-20%
Gently sloping to
None
More than 6.0
Excessively
Not needed
sloping ridges -
drained
Coastal Plain
Lakeland
0-15%
Nearly level to steep
None
More than 6.0
Excessively
Not needed
uplands -Coastal Plain
drained
Leaf
0-2�
Nearly level uplands-
Coastal Plain
Rare -common
0.5-1.5
Jan. -Apr.
Poorly
drained
Wetness, peres
slowly, floods
Lenoir
0-2%
Nearly level uplands-
None
1.0-2.5
Dec. -May
Somewhat
Wetness, peres
Coastal Plain
poorly
slowly
drained
Leon
, 0-5%
Nearly level to gently
Infrequent
0 -1.0
Dec. -Mar.
Poorly
Wetness, cutbanks
slo i:l Coastal Plain
drained
cave
Levy
0-1%
Loco, nearly level
back -swamp areas and
Frequent
+2 - +1
Jan. -Dec.
Very poorly
drained
Floods, peres
slowly, wetness
marshes
LumLe�e
0-2%
Nearly level Coastal
Plain uplands, stream
terraces
Rare
0 -1.0
Nov. -Apr.
Poorly
drained
Wetness, floods,
cutbanks cave,
poor outlets _
Lynchburg
0-2%
Broad interstream up-
lands and shallow
depressions -Coastal
None
0.5-1.5
Nov. -Apr.
Somewhat
poorly drain
ed
Wetness
L"La L11

o�
0
INTERPRETIVE TAIJLE 1 - GENERAL FEATURES
5easonai
High Water Table
Drainage
Factors Affecting
Soil Series
Slope
Position
Flooding
Depth (ft.) Months
Class
Drainage
Lynn Haven
0-2i
Low, nearly level areas
None
0 -1.0
Jun. -Feb.
Poorly
Wetness, cutbanks
of Coastal Plain flat-
drained
cave
woods
Marlboro
0-61
Smooth Coastal Plain
None
More than 6.0
Well
Not needed
u lands
drained
Meggett
0-26
Level to nearly level
None to common
0 -1.0
Jun. -Apr.
Poorly
Wetness, floods,
surfaces -Coastal Plain
drained
percs slowly
Murville
0-21
Flat or slight de-
Frequent
0 -1.0
Nov. -Apr.
Very poorly
Wetness, floods,
pressional areas-
drained
poor outlets
Coastal Plain
Nahunta
0-2i
Nearly level surfaces-
None
1.0-2.0
Nov. -Apr.
Somewhat
Wetness
Coastal Plain
poorly
drained
Newhan
2-30%
Sand dunes - Coastal
None -rare
More than 6.0
Excessively
Not needed
Beach
drained
Nixonton
0-3%
Nearly level surfaces
None
3 -5.0
Dec. -Mar.
Moderately
Not needed
Tidewater and Lower
well
Coastal Plain
drained and
well drained
Norfolk
0-10%
Nearly level to sloping
None
More than 6.0
Well drained
Not needed
upland - Coastal Plain
Onslow
0-3%
Nearly level to gently
None
1.5-3.0
Nov. -Apr.
Moderately
sloping uplands -
well drained
Coastal Plain

INTERPRETIVE TABLE 1 - GENERAL FEATURES
aeasonai
High Water Table
Drainage
Factors Affecting
Soil Series
Slope
Position
Flooding
Depth (ft.) Months
Class
Drainage
Osier
0-21
Level flood plains and
Common
0 - 1.0
Nov. -Mar.
Poorly drain-
Wetness,.floods,
depressions - Coastal
ed
Putbanks cave
Plain
Pactolus
0-5%
Coastal Plain terraces
None -rare
1.5-2.5
Jan. -Mar.
Moderately
Cutbanks cave
and uplands
well drained
and somewhat
poorly drain-
ed
Pamlico
0-1%
Flood plains, level to
Frequent
+1.0-1.0
Nov. -Jul.
Very poorly
Wetness, floods,
depressional areas -
drained
poor outlets,
Lower Coastal Plain
excess humus
Pantego
0-2%
Nearly level flats and
None -rare
0 - 1.5
Nov. -Apr.
Very poorly
Wetness, poor
slight depressional
drained
outlets
areas
Pasquotank
0-2%
Nearly level surface -
None
1 - 2
Dec. -Mar.
Poorly
Wetness, poor
Tidewater and Lower
drained
outlets
Coastal Plain
Paxville
0-2%
Nearly level and slight
Rare
0 - 1.0
Nov. -Apr.
Very poorly
Wetness
depressional areas -
drained
Coastal Plain
Pettigrew
0-2%
Broad level flats -
Occasional
+0.5-1.0
Dec. -May
Very poorly
Wetness, poor
Lower Coastal Plain
drained
outlets, peres
slowl
Ponzer
0-2%
Level surfaces on
Frequent
+1.0-1.0
Nov. -Jun.
Very poorly
Wetness, floods,
Lower Coastal Plain
drained
poor outlets,
excess humus

INTERPRETIVE TAi:'.E 1 - GENERAL FEATURES
J@dSORdl
High Water Table
Drainage
Factors Affecting
Soil Series
Slo a
Position
Flooding
Depth (ft.) Months
Class
Drainage
Portsmouth
0-2%
Nearly level surfaces -
None
0 - 1.0
Jan. -Dec.
Very poorly
Wetness, poor
Coastal Plain
drained
outlets
Pungo
0-2%
Level to nearly level
Frequent
+1.0-1.0
Nov. -Aug.
Very poorly
Wetness, floods,
area - Lower Coastal
drained
poor outlets,
Plain
excess humus
Rains
0-2%
Nearly level flats and
Rare -common
0 - 1.0
Nov. -Apr.
Poorly
Wetness, floods
slight depressions -
drained
.Coastal Plain
Rimini
0-6t
Rims of Carolina Bays
None
More than 6.0
Excessively
Not needed
and smooth uplands -
drained
Coastal Plain
Roanoke
0-2%
Low streams terraces-
Frequent
0 - 1.0
Nov. -May
Poorly
Wetness, floods,.
Coastal Plain
drained
poor outlets,
eres slowly _
Roper
0-2%
Broad level flats-
Occasional
+0.5-1.5
Dec. -May
Very poorly
Wetness, floods,
Pamlico Terrace
drained
poor outlets
Seagate
0-3%
Nearly level flatwoods-
None
1.5-2.5
Nov. -Apr.
Somewhat
Wetness, poor
Lower Coastal Plain
poorly
outlets
drained
Stallings
0-3%
Nearly level inter-
None
1.5-2.5
Dec. -Mar.
Somewhat
Cutbanks cave
stream divides -
poorly
Coastal Plain
drained
State
0-76
High bottoms and low
None -occasional
More than 6.0
Well drained
Not needed
stream terraces drain-
ing Piedmont into
Coastal Plain
z

r
11
INTERPRETIVE TABU: 1 - GENERAL FEATURES
Seasonable
High Water Table
Drainage
Factors Affecting
Soil Series
Slope
Position
Flooding
Depth (ft.) IMonths
Class
Drainage
Tomahawk
0-3%
Nearly level uplands-
None
1.5-3.0
Dec. -Apr.
Somewhat
Cutbanks cave
Lower Coastal Plain
poorly
drained and
moderately
well drained
Tony)tley
0-2t
Nearly level flats
Rare
0 - 1.0
Dec. -Mar.
Poorly
Wetness, floods
and depressional
drained
areas - Coastal
Plain.
Torhunta
0-28.
Nearly .level stream
Frequent
+0.5-1.5
Nov. -Apr.
Very poorly
Wetness, floods,
terraces and upland
drained
poor outlets,
bays -Co stal Plain
Nearly level to strong-
cutbanks cave
Wagram
0-15%
None
More than 6.0
Well drain-
Not needed
ly sloping uplands -
ed
Coastal Plain
_
Wahae
_
0-2%
Nearly level stream
I
Somewhat
Wetness, perC5
terraces and marine
poorly
slowly
terraces -Coastal Plain
None
0.5-1.5
Dec. -Mar.
drained
dakulla �I0-10%
Nearly level to gently
None I More than 6.0
Somewhat
Not needed
sloping uplands -and
i
excessively
I
stream terraces -
l
drained
c..jastal Plain
,
_
Wando
0-6%
Nearly level to gently
None I More than 6.0
Excessively
Not needed
sloping uplands on
drained
lower marine terraces -
i
Coastal Plain
I
'
Wasda
! 0-2R
Level surfaces - Lower
Frequent i 0
Jan. -Mar.
Very poorly
Wetness, flocs,
ICoastal
Plain
drained
excess humus

I. -
ON
INTERPRETIVE ':..IILE 1 - GENERAL FEATURES
J=00%jII[71
-
High Water Table
Drainage
Factors Affecting
Soil Series
Slope
Position
Flooding
Depth (ft.) Months
Class
Drainage
Weeksville
0-2%
Nearly level surfaces -
None
0 - 1
Dec. -Mar.
Very poorly
Wetness
Tidewater and Lower
drained
Coastal Plain
Wehadkee
0-2%
Flood plain
Common
0 - 2.5
Nov. -Jun.
Poorly
Wetness, floods,
drained
poor outlets
Wickham
0-15%
Nearly level to steep
None -rare
More than 6.0
Well
Not needed
stream terraces
drained
Woodi:,gton
0-2%
Nearly level uplands -
None
0.5-1.0
Dec. -Mar.
Poorly
Wetness, cutbanks
Coastal Plain
drained
cave
Wrightsboro
0-4%
Nearly level to gently
None
2.0-3.0
Dec. -Feb.
Moderately
sloping uplands -
well drained
Coastal Plain
Wysocking
0-2%
Nearly level surfaces
Occasional
0.5-1.5
Nov. -May
Poorly
Wetness, floods,
around Lake
drained
cutbanks cave,
Mattamuskeet
poor outlets
. c