Land Use Plan Update-1986

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Division of Coastal Management
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
FOR
HYDE COUNTY
LOCAL ADOPTION, MAINLAND - MARCH 189 1987
CRC CERTIFICATION, MAINLAND - MARCH 279 1987
LOCAL ADOPTION, OCRACOKE ISLAND - APRIL d, 1087
CRC CERTIFICATION, OCRACOKE ISLAND - JUNK 8, 1987

OV�TY Op
1712
1
CAM A
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
FOR
HYDE COUNTY
1986
1
LOCAL ADOPTION, MAINLAND — MARCH 16, 1987
CRC CERTIRICATIONs MAINLAND — MARCH 27, 1887
LOCAL ADOPTION, OCRACOKE ISLAND - APRIL 8, 1087
ICRC
CERTIFICATION, OCRACOKE
ISLAND — JUNE b. 1087

G E I
uv nc ^f1l l Al Tv
Scale in Miles
0 25 50 75 100
MAP I
LOCATION MAP

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED FOR THE RESIDENTS
OF
HYDE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS:
Alton M. Ballance, Chairman
Hal G. Swindell, Vice Chairman
Michael T. Swindell
J. B. Cahoon
J. B. Berry
Clifford Swindell, County Manager
LAND USE PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Alton Ballance
Dan Smith
Ernest Cutler
Ray Spencer
David Fletcher
Walter Melvin
Ellen Gaskill
Charles Equills
Thomas Jefferies
Doris Smithwick
Kay Riddick
June Myers
David Styron
Jack Mason
Wayne Teeter
James D. Toppings, Sr.
John Ivey Wells
Technical Assistance Provided By:
Talbert, Cox & Associates, Inc.
P. 0. Box 1730
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402
Kenneth Weeden, Project Planner

HYDE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
LAND USE PLAN: 1986 UPDATE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART
I:
The Mainland
PAGE
SECTION
I: Analysis of Existing Conditions
A.
Establishment of Information Base
1
B.
Present Conditions
3
1.
Population
3
2.
Economy
6
a. Agricultural
6
b. Commercial Fishing
8
c. Commercial Forestry
9
d. Tourism
e. Employment & Income
10
11
3.
Housing
12
4.
Impact of Seasonal Population
14
5.
-Existing Land Use Analysis
14
a. Current Conditions
14
b. Compatibility Problems
16
c. Major Problems from Unplanned Development
17
d. Areas Experiencing or Likely to Experience
Major Land Use Changes
18
e. Areas of Environmental Concern
18
6.
Current Plans, Policies and Regulations
22
C.
Contraints:
Land Suitability
27
1.
Physical Limitations
27
2.
Well Fields
34
3.
Fragile Areas
34
4.
Areas with Resource Potential
37
D.
Constraints:
Capacity of Community Facilities
.38
1.
Water System
38
2.
Sewage Disposal
38
3.
Solid Waste Disposal
39
4.
Schools
39
5.
Transportation
39
6.
Medical Services
40
7.
Emergency and Protective Services
40
E.
Estimated
Demand
41
1.
Population
41
2.
Future Land Need
41
3.
Community Facilities Need
41
F.
Summary:
Section I
43
SECTION
II: POLICY STATEMENTS
44
A.
Resource Protection
44
1.
Areas of Environmental Concern: Development
Policies
44
2.
Development in Areas with Constraints
47
3.
Hurricane and Flood Evacuation Needs
49
1

B.
Resource Production and Management Policies
52
1. Agriculture
52
2. Commercial Forestry
53
3. Mining Resources Areas
54
4. Commercial and Recreational Fisheries
55
5. Off -Road Vehicles
56
C.
6. Residential and Commercial Land Development
Economic and Community Development Policies
56
57
1. Types and Locations of Desired Industries
57
2. Local Commitment to Service Provisions
59
3. Desired Urban Growth Patterns
60
4. Redevelopment of Developed Areas
61
5. Commitment to State and Federal Programs
62
6. Assistance to Channel Maintenance
62
7. Energy Facilities Siting
63
8. Tourism
63
9. Density of Development
10. Land Use Trends
64
64
D.
Continuing Public Participation Policies
64
E.
Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery,
and Evacuation Plans
67
1. Storm Hazard Mitigation: Discussion
67
a. High Winds
67
b. Flooding
67
c. Wave Action
69
d. Erosion
69
e. Summary: Storm Hazard Mitigation
Considerations
69
f. Policy Statements: Storm Hazard Mitigation
70
g. Implementation: Storm Hazard Mitigation
71
2. Post -Disaster Reconstruction Plan
72
3. Hurricane Evacuation Plan
76
4. Re -Entry
76
SECTION III: Land Classification System
78
A.
Developed
78
B.
Transition
79
C.
Community
80
D.
Rural
80
E.
Conservation
81
SECTION IV: Relationship of Policies and Land
Classifications
82
A.
Developed, and Transition Classes
82
B.
Community Class
82
C.
Rural Class
82
D.
Conservation Class
83
1
0
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HYDE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
ITABLE NUMBERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
t ,.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
CI
11
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
MAPS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
LAND USE PLAN: 1986 UPDATE
PART I: THE MAINLAND
List of Tables and Maps
Hyde County Population, 1990-1995
Hyde County Racial Composition:
1980, 1985, 1990, and 1995
Hyde County Population Distribution by Townships:
1970-1980
Hyde County: Estimated Population, July 1, 1985,
by Age, Race, and Sex
Hyde County: Projected Population, April 1, 1990,
by Age, Race, and Sex
Hyde County: Projected Population, July 1, 1995,
by Age, Race, and Sex
Hyde County Crop Production Income: 1981-1984
Hyde County Livestock and Livestock Product Income
Hyde County: Seafood Landings Comparison, 1965-1984
Commercial Forestry Income in Hyde County
Hyde County Annual Employment, 1980-1983
Hyde County Per Capita Personal Income, 1981-1983,
North Carolina and United States Comparisons
1980 Hyde County Housing Summary
Selected Housing Conditions Summary, Hyde County
Hyde County Land Use Changes: 1980-1985
Ferry Schedule
Hyde County Ferry Operations, Fiscal Years
1978-1979 and 1981-1985
Hyde County School Enrollment Figures
Primary Road Traffic Counts: 1981 and 1985
Percent of Structures Subject to Storm Drainage
Factors, Hyde County
Location Map
Hyde County Townships
Existing Land Use Map
Flood Hazard Areas
Estuarine Erosion Areas
General Soil Map
Composite Hazard Areas
Land Classification Map
IFIGURES
I
1. Flooding in the Albemarle Sound Region from
Hurricanes Hazel, Connie, Diane, and Ione
(1954-55)
PAGE
3
4
5
5(a)
5(b)
5(c)
7
8
10
11
12
13
13
15
24
24
39
40
71
4(a)
(attached)
(attached)
29
31
(attached)
(attached)
i

F J
PREFACE
HYDE COUNTY
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE, 1986
Analysis of 1981 Policy Statements/Implementation Actions
The CAMA Land Use Plan for coastal communities is essentially
a policy document aimed at guiding localities toward sound growth
management. Because circumstances, conditions, and issues change
over time, the Coastal Resources Commission, under State law,
requires the local land use plans to be updated every five years
in order to "take a second look" at old policies for their
relevance as well as examine newly emerging trends and concerns.
The Commission is also requiring in all 1986 updates an assessment
of the previous policy statements and implementation steps taken
to effectuate them. This summary analysis of the 1981 policies is
being presented here as a "Preface" to the 1986 Plan Update of
Hyde County's Plan for the mainland part of the County.
Policy Area
A.
Resource Protection
Policy/Implementation
1. The County, in carrying out its
policies on managing development
within the AECs, will continue to
support uses which are permitted
under the State Administrative Code.
However, it is the belief of Hyde
County that variances to the restric-
tions of uses within the AECs should
be permissable on the basis of a
case -by -case review if an applicant
for a proposed development can clear-
ly demonstrate that no major or
irreversible damage would result. To
help determine the "clear demonstra-
tion" of no major or irreversible
damage, the County Board of Commis-
sioners will appoint a Development
Review Board. This Board, working
with the County Manager, the local
CAMA Implementation and Enforcement
Officer, and the Building Inspector,
shall review each proposal for devel-
opment within an AEC or natural or
cultural resource area.
Status/Relevancy
Actions
1. This policy was
carried out in part,
except the County did
not appoint or acti-
vate a "Development
Review Board."

B.
2. The County will seek to establish
2. Not implemented.
an Historic Properties Commission.
However, the Arch -
This Commission will have the author-
aeology Branch of the
ity to take necessary steps to protect
State Division of
properties of historic or architectur-
Archives and History
al significance. Prior to developing
has been actively
such a Commission, the County will
cataloging cultural
consult with the N.C. Department of
resources in the
Cultural Resources.
County.
3. The County will discourage devel-
3. Implemented. The
opment in high flood -prone areas.
County has received
However, Hyde County will continue to
final flood maps from
participate in the Federal Flood
FEMA and is scheduled
Insurance Program. Proposed develop-
to enter the Regular
ments which are not otherwise damaging
Phase of the National
to other AECs may be permitted in some
Flood Insurance Pro -
flood -prone areas, provided protective
gram in late 1986.
measures which comply with flood
insurance requirements.
4. Since a County -wide sewage collec-
4. This action was
tion and disposal system was shown to
explored by the
be economically infeasible (1978 201
County and discussed
Facilities Study), Hyde County will
with State officials,
explore the feasibility of developing
but due to a low -
"limited -area" sewer systems which
would coincide with existing popula-
density population,
was determined to be
tion clusters and the current water
economically infea
service area.
sible.
Resource Production and Management
Status/Relevancy
Policy/Implementation
Actions
1. The County will continue to
1. Although existing
support the maintenance of existing
drainage rights -of -
drainage rights -of -way for farm drain-
way are maintained,
age, including the use of the County-
the County -wide per -
wide Agricultural Drainage Permit
mit process has not
process.
been viewed as very
effective.
2. The County will encourage, as much
2. Nothing has been
as feasible, agricultural drainage to
done toward this
run directly into Lake Mattamuskeet or
objective.
some of the canals which drain the.
lake and which empty directly into the
Pamlico Sound.
r�
i

3. The County will seek Federal and 3. Nothing has been
State aid to have the Outfall Canal done toward this
cleaned and maintained. This is a objective.
major drainageway running southward
from Lake Mattamuskeet directly into
the Pamlico Sound, which could be very
useful in the drainage network to get
freshwater directly into the Sound.
4. Because of the potentially favor- 4. A major peat
able economic and employment benefits, mining proposal for
Hyde County encourages and supports the White Tail Farms
the development of peat mining. Since area is currently
mining operations are relatively new, being held up, pend-
the County will seek to develop more ing judicial clari-
information on the various impacts of fications and adop-
peat mining. It is the desire of the tion of environmental
County that mining activities cause no regulations.
major or irreversible damage to any
Area of Environmental Concern, or
significant cultural or natural
resource. Also, the County will
encourage and support Federal and
State regulations requiring land
restoration and
reclamation.
C. Economic and Community Development
Economic & Community
Policy/Implementation Development - Actions
1. The County will establish more 1. On -going. This
active contact with the State's indus- is still being pur-
trial development representative for sued with State offi-
the region, and revive or make reap- cials. Prospects
pointments to its existing industrial have been presented
development committee. This will be or discussed with the
done in'order to develop an industrial County, but nothing
"sales team" approach. The County definite has been
will actively explore funding assis- developed.
tance to develop an industrial park
near the airport at Engelhard.
2. Hyde County will continue to pro- 2. The County is
vide new water service tap-ons to currently seeking to
areas presently served. This will be expand both its water
both economical and foster growth in supply and service
already established communities. The area, with assistance
County will also explore the from the FmHA.
feasibility of developing limited Centralized sewer
sewer services to certain areas of the service has been
County where development may determined to be not
concentrate. feasible.
iii

D. Continuing Public Participation
Policy/Implementation
1. It is the belief of the Hyde
County Board of Commissioners that all
citizens be afforded adequate oppor-
tunities for participating in the
governmental and planning decisions
which affect them. Therefore, the
County will maintain the Land Use
Advisory Committee even after the
updated plan is completed. This will
provide continuous citizen review and
comment on development proposals and
useful input into governmental deci-
sions.
iv
Continuing Public
Participation - Actions
1. Not implemented.
After the completion
of the 1981 Plan
Update, the Committee
did not meet again.
L�
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PART I
SECTION I
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

A. ESTABLISHMENT OF INFORMATION BASE 1
This Land Use Plan Update for Hyde County has been prepared
in accordance with requirements of the North Carolina Coastal Area
Management Act (CAMA). Specifically, this document complies with
the Land Use Planning Guidelines, as amended, June 17, 1985.
The initial Land Use Plan was prepared for Hyde County in
1976, with a revised Plan being prepared in 1981. According to
the Land Use Planning Guidelines, the major purpose of periodic
updating of local land use plans is to identify and analyze emerg-
ing community issues and problems. An additional element which
was not required in either the 1976 Plan or the 1981 Update is a
"Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery, and Hurricane
Evacuation Plan," and is required to be included in the 1985
Update. This element is designed to help local governments effec-
tively coordinate policies and actions relating to the impact of
hurricanes or other severe storms.
The guidelines further give the following objectives the
update should meet:
-- to further define and refine local policies and issues;
-- to further examine and refine the land classification
system and the land classification map;
-- to assess the effectiveness of the existing land use
plan and its implementation;
-- to further explore implementation procedures; and,
-- to promote a better understanding of the land use plan-
ning process.
The initial Land Use Plan .and the 1981 Update provided much
of the needed information base for this update. However, in many
cases, new information had to be developed, particularly for
Ocracoke, which, as was the case with the 1981 Update, is being
addressed primarily as Part II of this plan. Part I, likewise,
will address primarily the mainland portion of the County. A
number of data sources were tapped during the preparation of this
plan in order to obtain updated population, housing, economic
(including agricultural, fisheries, forestry, and tourism), and
land use information. Most of the data came from primary and
secondary sources in the form of direct contacts with represen-
tatives of various state and federal agencies and/or previously
published documents or reports. Efforts were made to obtain data
that was as up-to-date and accurate as possible.
The data analysis showed that in most cases, the changes
since 1981 have not been dramatic, and in some cases, minimal or
non -existing. The major conclusions of the updated 1986 Land Use
Plan are:

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1. Hyde County's population grew moderately between 1981
and 1985, reversing a five -decade -old trend of popula-
tion losses noted in the 1981 Update. However, the rate
of growth was somewhat slower than forecast in the 1981
Plan Update. Moderate population growth is projected to
continue through 1995.
2. The economic importance of agriculture will remain dom-
inant in the County throughout the next 10 years, but
tourism, as an economic activity, will increase in
significance (particularly on Ocracoke). The mining of
peat resources, although virtually untapped, still has
the potential to become significant within the next 10
years.
3. The overall land development pattern, being one with a
predominantly rural, scattered residential character,
will likely continue. The rapid clearing of forestland
for conversion into agricultural use appears to have
stabilized, but is still an issue requiring policy
attention.
4. The major community facility needs in Hyde County will
be additional potable water supplies, and some alterna-
tive to on -site waste water disposal facilities in the
developed and developing communities.
5. In order to provide for economic expansion for the bene-
fit of the overall populace, industrial development
activities need to continue.
6. Growth pressures in Ocracoke, especially since the 1981
Plan Update, has made the issue of developing some form
of local land use controls a critical one.
2

B. PRESENT CONDITIONS
1. Population
The historical nature of Hyde County's population has been
and remains today that of a scattered, rural populace dominated by
agriculture. With one of the smallest county populations in all
of North Carolina, Hyde experienced population losses in six of
the first seven decades of this century, i.e., from 1900 through
1970. A small gain was noted between 1920 and 1930. However, the
1980 U.S. Census population figures, as reported in the 1981 Plan
Update, also showed for the second time in this century a small
decennial gain. The 1980 population census indicated that the
trend of population loss for the County was being supplanted by a
growth trend. Notice Table 1, below.
TABLE 1
* HYDE COUNTY POPULATION 1900-1995
YEAR
POPULATION
NUMERICAL CHANGE
1900
9,278
--
1910
8,840
-438
1920
8,386
-454
1930
8,550
+164
1940
7,860
-690
1950
6,579
-1,281
1960
5,765
-814
1970
5,571
-194
1980
5,873
+302
1985
6,013
+140
1990
6,141
+128
1995
6,306
+165
PERCENTAGE CHANGE
-4.72
-5.13
-1.96
-8.07
-16.30
-12.37
-3.37
+5.42
+2.38
+2.12
+2.69
Sources: U.S. Census of Population, 1980 Advance Reports
N.C. Office of State Budget and Management (May 9, 1985)
* All of the figures were provided by the N.C. Office of State
Budget and Management, except for 1980. The 1980 figure is the
actual final count provided by the U.S. Census.
Since the 1980 Census, State figures indicate that Hyde
County has experienced a modest population gain of 140 persons, an
increase of 2.4%. This rate of increase is somewhat less than the
projected rate of increase contained in the 1981 Update.
The 1981 Plan Update showed a population projection for 1990
of 6,386, with an increase of 8.73% over the 1980 figure. Since
the preparation of the 1981 Update, however, the N.C. Office of
State Budget and Management has developed revised population pro-
jections for Hyde County. The 1990 population figure is currently
3
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1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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forecast to be 6,141, thereby still showing an increasing popula-
tion trend from 1980-1990, but at a very moderate rate. Also, an
increase of 2.69 percent, or 165 persons, is projected to occur
between 1990 and 1995, again reflective of a slow to moderate
overall growth rate between 1985 to 1995. A net gain of only 293
persons is forecast for the 10-year period.
The out -migration of non -whites is a trend noted in the 1981
Plan Update and continues to occur (see Table 2, below). For the
period 1980-1995, the non -white population is steadily declining,
while the white population is increasing, thereby slightly alter-
ing the County's racial composition.
TABLE 2
HYDE COUNTY RACIAL COMPOSITION: 1980, 1985, 1990, and 1995
WHITE NON -WHITE
YEAR NO. PERCENT NO. PERCENT TOTALS
1980 3,777 64.3 2,096 35.7 5,873
1985 4,049 67.3 1,964 32.7 6,013
1990 4,282 69.7 1,859 30.3 6,141
1995 4,585 72.7 1,721 27.3 6,306
Source: U.S. Census; N.C. State Office Budget and Management
As was noted in the 1981 Plan Update, a shift in the age
groups of Hyde County's population is continuing (see Tables 4, 5,
and 6, pages 5a - 5c). School -age groups appear to be stabil-
izing, with a steady but slight decline through 1995. The depen-
dent population (under 19 years and over 60) is expected to de-
crease from roughly 51% in 1985 to 48% by 1995. The 1985, 1990,
and 1995 projections also indicate that the middle group (ages
20-44) will continue to increase during the late 1980's and
19901s. Since this group presents perhaps the most productive
portion of the population, its growth is likely to have substan-
tial impact upon future land use decisions. The formation of new
households will increase the demand for housing, the employment
base will need to expand in order to provide more job opportuni-
ties, and some community services may have to expand.
There are five townships in Hyde County, as Map 2, Page 4a,
shows. Although there are no inter-censal data on townships for
1985, the trend is likely the same as identified in the 1981
Update (see Table 3, page 5 ). The Ocracoke Island Township grew
at a faster rate than the other four townships from 1970-1980,
with Currituck and Swan Quarter Townships next in line in popula-
tion increases, growing at roughly the same rate. Lake Landing
Township, which contains the communities of Engelhard, Gull Rock,
and Nebraska, is the most populous township, but experienced a
decrease in population for the 10-year period, as did Lake
Mattamuskeet. Deviation from these trends may be indicated in
4

. 4NO
:J
Cur uck Lake Landing
d -
U
U ed
n o ganiz
L A K E M A 7 T A• M V S 9 1 X T
Te, kitory
Ir7,
7
J.
X,
7s
w
Ocrac'ok6 110
N
TOWNSHIPS t—•' ; `" i �..o!-"'.'�'
NORM CAROLINA
HYDE COUNTY
MAP 2

future census data;
however,
for the present
time, the previously
identified population
patterns are assumed
to be continuing.
TABLE 3
HYDE COUNTY POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY TOWNSHIPS:
1970-1980
NUMERICAL
PERCENTAGE
TOWNSHIP
1970
1980
CHANGE
CHANGE
Currituck
1,133
1,302
169
14.9
Fairfield
541
582
41
7.6
Lake Landing
2,377
2,217
-160
- 6.7
Ocracoke
541
658
117
21.6
Swan Quarter
958
1,098
140
14.6
Lake Mattamuskeet
21
16
- 5
-23.8
TOTAL
5,571
5,873
302
5.4
Source: 1980 U.S.
Census of
Population and
Housing;
Advance
Report; 1981
Land Use Plan Update
5

TABLE 'A
HYDE
ESTIMATED
POPULATION, JULY
1, 19859
BY AGE,
RACE, AND
SEX
WHITE
OTHER
TOTAL
TOTAL
MALE
FEMALE
TOTAL.
MALE
FEMALE
6013
4049
2023
2026
1964
915
1049
447
313
163
150
134
67
67
460
308
163
145
152
77
75
451
260
144
116
191
90
101
466
280
149
131
186
89
97
483
297
163
134
186
96
90
522
349
189
160
173
82
91
479
343
176
167
136
66
70
351
256
137
119
95
42
53
294
207
104
103
87
45
42
282
198
97
101
84
33
51
274
187
85
102
87
37
50
272
189
98
91
83
32
51
299
209
95
114
90
42
48
269
196
93
103
73
34
39
275
196
81
115
79
35
44
181
120
50
.70
61
22
39
120
84
25.
59
36
13
23
88
57
11
46
31
13
18
PERCENT
OF COLUMN
TOTAL
7.43
7.73
8.06
7.40
6.82
7.32
6.39
7.65
7.61
8.06
7.16
7.74
8.42
7.15
7.50
6.42
7.12
5.73
9.73
9.84
9.63
7.75
6.92
7.37
6.47
9.47
9.73
9.25
8.03
7.34
8.06
6.61
9.47
10.49
8.58
8.68
8.62
9.34
7.90
8.81
8.96
8.67
7.97
8.47
8.70
8.24
6.92
7.21
6.67
5.84
6.32
6.77
5.87
4.84
4.59
5.05
4.89
5.11
5.14
5.08
4.43
4.92
4.00
4.69
4.89
4.79
4.99
4.28
3.61
4.86
4.56
4.62
4.20
5.03
4.43
4.04
4.77
4.52
4.67
4.84
4.49
4.23
3.50
4.86
4.97
5.16
4.70
5.63
4.58
4.59
4.58
4.47
4.84
4.60
5.08
3.72
3.72
3.72
4.57
4.84
4.00
5.68
4.02
3.83
4.19
3.01
2.916
2.47
3.46
3.11
2.40
3.72
2.00
2.07
1.24
2.91
1.83
1.42
2.19
1.46
1.41
0.54
2.27
1.58
1.42
1.72
SCURCE - NORTH CAROLINA OFFICE OF
STATE BUDGET E MANAGEMENT
BASED ON 70-80 CENSUS DATA
PREPARED MAY 91 1985
5 (a)

TABLE 5
HYD E
PROJECTED
POPULATION, APRIL
19 19909
8Y AGE,
RACES AND
SEX
WHITE
OTHER
AGE
TOTAL
TOTAL
MALE
FEMALE
TOTAL
MALE
FEMALE
TOTAL
6141
4282
2153
2129
1859
856
1003
0-4
457
333
173
160
124
62
62
5-9
407
260
140
120
147
71
76
10-14
475
326
175
151
149
76
73
15-19
455
.270
155
115"
185
84
101
20-24
434
295
152
143
139
58
81
25-29
436
313
174
139
123
68
55
30-34
542 -.
384
209
175
158
78
80
35-39
479
355
180
175
124
58
66
40-44
347
265
144
121
82
38
44
45-49
294
206
101
105
88
45
43
50-54
288
204
97
107
84
29
55
55-59
282
197
91
106
85
37
48
60-64
279
200
105
95
79
31
48
65-69
300
206
86
120
94
45
49
70-74
224
161
73
88
63
27
36
75-79
223
167
64
103
56
22
34
80-84
127
81
26
55
46
15
31
85SUP
92
59
8
51
33
12
21
,PERCENT
OF COLUMN
TOTAL
0-4
7.44
7.78
8.04,
7.52
6.67
7.24
6.18
5-9
6.63
6.07
6.50
5.64
7.91
8.29
7.58
10-14
7.73
7.61
8.13
7.09
8.02
8.88
7.28
15-19
7.41
6.31
7.20
5.40
9.95
9.81
10.07
20-24
7.07
6.89
7.06
6.72
7.48
6.78
8.08
25-29
7.10
7.31
8.08
6.53
6.62
7.94
5.48
30-34
8.83
8.97
9.71
8.22
8.50
9.11
7.98
35-39
7.80
8.29
8.36
8.22
6.67
6.78
6.58
40-44
5.65
6.19
6.69
5.68
4.41
4.44
4.39
45-49
4.79
4.81
4.69
4.93
4.73
5.26
4.29
50-54
4.69
4.76
4.51
5.03
4.52
3.39
5.48
55-59
4.59
4.60
4.23
4.98
4.57
4.32
4.79
60-64
4.54
4.67
4.88
4.46
4.25
3.62
4.79
65-69
4.89
4.81
3.99
5.64
5.06
5.26
4.89
70-74
3.65
3.76
3.39
4.13
3.39
3_.15
3.59
75-79
3.63
3.90
2.97
4.84
3.01
2.57
3.39
80-84
2.07
1.89
1.21
2.58
2.47
1.75
3.09
85SUP
1.50
1.38
0.37
2.40
1.78
1.40
2.09
SOURCE - NORTH CAROL INA OFFICE OF
STATE BUDGET C MANAGEMENT
PREPARED MAY 9, 1985
5 (b)

I
TABLE 6
HYDE
PROJECTED
POPULATION, JULY 1, 1995,
BY AGES
RACE, AND
SEX
HHITE
OTHER
AGE
TOTAL
TOTAL
MALE
FEMALE
TOTAL
MALE
FEMALE
TOTAL
6306
4585
2312
2273
1721
783
938
0-4
440
335
174
161
105
52
53
5-9
465
344
182
162
121
61
60
10-14
413
278
154
124
135
64
71
15-19
452
336
177
159
116
55
61
20-24
422
289
166
123
133
62
71
25-29
451
328
171
157
123
53
70
30-34
443
332
183
149
111
59
52
35-39
533
396
216
180
137
69
68
40-44
483
361
182
179
122
56
66
45-49
358
275
144
131
83
35
48
50-54
303
219
109
110
84
41
43
55-59
294
216
104
112
78
28
50
60-64
284
198
85
113
86
37
49
65-69
245
173
86
87
72
27
45
70-74
251
179
72
107
72
31
41
75-79
181
129
52
77
52
21
31
80-84
156
108
39
69
48
17
31
856UP
132
89
16
73
43
15
28
,PERCENT
OF COLUMN
TOTAL
0-4
6.98
7.31
7.53 1
7.08
6.10
6.64
5.65
5-9
7.37
7.50
7.87
7.13
7.03
7.79
6.40
10-14
6.55
6.06
6.66
5.46
7.84
8.17
7.57
15-19
7.17
7.33
7.66
7.00
6.74
7.02
6.50
20-24
6.69
6.30
7.18
5.41
7.73
7.92
7.57
25-29
7.15
7.15
7.40
6.91
7.15
6.77
7.46
30-34
7.03
7.24
7.92
6.56
6.45
7.54
5.54
35-39
8.45
8.64
9.34
7.92
7.96
8.81
7.25
40-44
7.66
7.87
7.87
7.88
7.09
7.15
7.04
45-49
5.68
6.00
6.23
5.76
4.82
4.47
5.12
50-54
4.80
4.78
4.71
4.84
4.88
5.24
4.58
55-59
4.66
4.71
4.50
4.93
4.53
3.58
5.33
60-64
4.50
4.32
3.68
4.97
5.00
4.73
5.22
65-69
3.89
3.77
3.72
3.83
4.18
3.45
4.80
70-74
3.98
3.90
3.11
4.71
4.18
3.96
4.37
75-79
2.87
2.81
2.25
3.39
3.02
2.68
3.30
80-84
2.47
2.36
1.69
3.04
2.79
2.17
3.30
85CUP
2.09
1.94
0.69
3.21
2.50
1.92
2.99
SOURCE - NORTH CAROLINA OFFICE OF
STATE BUDGET S MANAGEMENT
BASED ON 70-80
CENSUS
DATA
PREPARED
MAY 91
1985
5 (c)

1
ri
1
11
2. Economy
a. Agriculture
As noted in both the 1976 and 1981 Plans, during the 19701s,
the economic picture of Hyde County improved significantly. Total
retail sales for the County in Fiscal Year 1970-71 were
$5,801,429. The total retail sales figure for Fiscal Year 1983-84
was $21,340,851--which is nearly quadruple the total over ten
years ago. Though price inflation is a factor in this increase,
there are other indicators of increased spending in the County,
notably the increase in tourism on Ocracoke Island, for example.
However, agricultural production has been and remains the major
element in the County's economic base and, although there was a
decrease in production income from 1983 to 1984, is growing.
Table 7 below shows crop production income by crop harvested for
1981-1984.
A

TABLE 7
HYDE COUNTY CROP PRODUCTION INCOME: 1981-1984
DOLLAR VALUE
1984 1983 1982 1981
Crop
Field Crops
Corn for Grain $8,460,000
$10,045,000
$6,138,000
Wheat 1,474,000
1,260,000
1,215,000
Grain Sorghum 52,060
--
50,600
Soybeans 7,318,500
10,931,250
7,131,750
Vegetables
Carrots -processing 19,500
32,500
75,000
Corn, sweet (5 doz) --
--
192,500
Cucumbers, fresh
market 74,175
793,350
487,500
Nursery & Greenhouse
Tomatoes 17,500
--
--
Fruits & Nuts
I
$6,227,500
910,000
54,480
6,532,680
33,600
230,850
421,875
Pecans -- -- 18,000 97,500
Subtotal $17,415,735 $23,062,100 $15,308,350 $14,508,485
17
Lj
Government
Payments 256,264 575,729 282,169 207,377
TOTAL CROP
PRODUCTION
INCOME $17,671,999 $23,637,829 $15,590,519 $14,715,862
Source: Data Worksheets of Cash Farm Income - 1984, 1983, 1982,
and 1981, Hyde County Agriculture Extension Office
As noted in the 1981 Update, production yields and price
increases have accounted for some of the continued overall
increase from 1981 to 1983. The conversion of forestland into
productive croplands still is a significant factor in the County.
The 1974 U.S. Department of Commerce Census of Agriculture showed
that there was a total of 54,750 acres of farmland in crops. The
1978 Census of Agriculture figures showed 65,300 acres as being in
cropland, and the 1982 Census of Agriculture reported 78,546 acres
in cropland for the County. This represents a rather dramatic
increase of 23,796 acres of cropland between 1974-82. However, it
appears that land clearing is leveling off in the County.
Income from livestock production increased substantially
during the 1970's, and seems to be fluctuating in the 1980's,
considering a decrease in production income from 1982 to 1983 and
no real gain from 1979 to 1984. Notice the income comparison
between 1979 and 1984, as is shown in Table 8, below.

1
1
1
TABLE 8
HYDE COUNTY LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCT INCOME.
YEAR DOLLAR VALUE
1979
$2,497,250
1982
$3,517,668
1983
$1,985,250
1984
$2,101,400
Source: Estimated Income from Sale of Farm Products and Govern-
ment Payments, By County, Extension District, and State
of North Carolina; N.C. Agricultural Extension Service
and N.C. State University, Raleigh, N.C.; Hyde County
Agriculture Extension Office; 1981 Land Use Plan
A significant feature in the growth of the agriculture sector
of Hyde County's economy, as noted in the 1981 Update, was the
development of so-called "superfarms." The term "superfarm" was
defined as large, highly mechanized farming operations with a
corporate or conglomerate ownership. These farms, mainly because
of mechanical sophistication, have the capacity to rapidly alter
the landscape by clearing and draining new farmland on a massive
scale. These farms, perhaps more than any other entity, have been
a major factor in the conversion of woodlands into productive
agricultural land during the last 15 years. Economically, these
so-called "superfarms" are also quite significant, providing a
substantial percentage of the County's tax base.
b. Commercial Fishing
Commercial fishing is still an important sector of Hyde
County's economy,_although since the 1981 Plan Update, overall
landings and income declined from $4.1 million in 1980 to $2.9
million in 1981. However, 1983 and 1984 witnessed relatively
"good" years. Table 9 below shows seafood landings and values for
the years 1981-1984.
1:1

TABLE 9
HYDE COUNTY:
SEAFOOD LANDINGS
COMPARISON,_ 1965-1984
YEAR
POUNDS
VALUE
1965
1,883,100
$
269,428
1966
3,384,800
$
305,940
1967
2,970,100
$
279,962
1968
3,311,400
$
574,805
1969
5,784,300
$
1,214,393
1970
4,781,100
$
654,648
1971
2,944,100
$
913,614
1972
2,448,700
$
531,414
1973
2,224,900
$
615,937
1974
3,663,500
$
924,528
1975
3,203,700
$
769,914
1976
2,875,600
$
938,959
1977
4,993,400
$
1,604,012
1978
8,327,500
$
1,885,652
1979
8,014,800
$
2,040,321
1980
13,055,684
$
4,181,970.
1981
10,251,802
$
2,956,529
1982
9,537,139
$
3,457,336
1983
9,190,366
$
3,632,096
1984
10,121,620
$
3,286,808
Source: N.C. Division of Marine Fisheries
From 1981 to 1984, total fish landings decreased by about one
percent. The total value of the catch in 1984, however, increased
by about 10% over the 1981 dollar figure. This is reflective of
the increased 1984 flounder harvest and moderate price increases.
Also, Hyde County has been consistently ranked fourth in the state
for coastal counties seafood landings during the period 1981-1984.
c. Commercial Forestry I
Commercial forestry ranks third in importance among the
resource extraction industries in Hyde County. Dollar values for
1982-1984 are indicated in Table 10, below.
u
1
1
9 1

TABLE 10
COMMERCIAL FORESTRY INCOME IN HYDE COUNTY
YEAR INCOME
1982 $717,016
1983 $794,475
1984 $907,500
Source: Estimated Income from Sale of Farm Products and Govern-
, ment Payments, by County, Extension District, and State
of North Carolina for 1982, 1983, and 1984; N.C. Agri-
cultural Extension Service and N.C. State University,
Raleigh,. N.C.
From 1982 to 1984, there was a substantial increase of 27% in
commercial forestry income in Hyde County. Many of the County's
residents are employed in the forestry industry. Income from
forest products, as indicated in Table 10, is valuable to the
County's economy.
d. Tourism
The fourth major element in Hyde County's economy, and which
was noted as increasing in importance in the 1981 Update, is
tourism. The appeal of Ocracoke Island, sportfishing, waterfowl
hunting, deer hunting, and the wildlife refuge areas, continue to
provide strong attractions for thousands of visitors each year.
Also, bird watching is growing in significance as a tourist
attraction in Hyde County. The appeal of the natural resources of
the County are still important generators of vital income for many
businesses, providing jobs and increased sales receipts. Ocracoke
Village is almost totally.reliant upon tourism for its economic
sustenance. (See Part II for a more complete discussion of
Ocracoke.
The tourist season extends throughout the late spring and
summer months, and through the autumn and early winter hunting
seasons. Since the County receives revenue from the State on the
basis of total retail sales, the continued vitality of tourism is
important to the County, both on the mainland and in Ocracoke.
Figures from the State Ferry Traffic Report for July 1, 1984, to
June 30, 1985, indicated that 772,872 passengers used the ferries
going to and from Ocracoke. However, compared to fiscal year
1978, this represents a significant decrease in traffic, i.e., a
decline of 144,769 passengers, as reported in the 1981 Update (See
Table 17, page 24). Despite this decrease in the number of tran-
sient visitors, the revenue generated from tourism in the County,
and particularly on Ocracoke, remains a steadily growing factor in
Hyde County's economy. This is demonstrated in the following
discussion. The North Carolina Department of Commerce, Division
of Travel and Tourism, estimated that in 1981, tourism accounted
for $10,445,000 in expenditures in Hyde County, but $12,094,000 in
10
L�

1984. This represents a formidable increase of almost 14% during
the three-year period. In fiscal year 1983-84, the North Carolina
Department of Revenue reported that total retail sales in Hyde
County were $21,340,851, with tourism accounting for almost 57% of
that total. The impact of tourism, obviously, is no small matter
in Hyde County. In 19761, the Division of Travel and Tourism
reported tourist expenditures in Hyde County to be $2,309,000;
therefore, almost a decade hence, tourism has grown by 89%.
Tourism continues to assert itself as a growing and vital sector
of Hyde County's economy.
e. Employment and Income
,
Overall employment has decreased in the County since the
preparation of the County's Land Use Plan Update in 1981. Figures
in Table 11 below, which were obtained from the North Carolina
Bureau of Employment Security Research, indicate that employment
increased at about the same rate as the growth in the labor force
,
from 1981 to 1982. However, from 1982 to 1983, both the labor
force and overall employment declined, which caused the unemploy-
ment rate to increase.
TABLE 11
HYDE COUNTY ANNUAL EMPLOYMENT, 1980-1983
YEAR LABOR FORCE EMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
1980
2,950
2,720
230
7.8
,
1981
2,870
2,630
240
8.4
1982
3,720
3,400
320
8.6
1983
2,660
2,310
350
13.2
Source: N.C. Bureau of Employment Security Research
Income in Hyde County, compared to both North Carolina and
the United States, is low. According to data compiled by the U.S.
Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), the
personal per capita income for Hyde County in 1981 was only 53
percent of the national per capita income, and 64 percent of
the states. By 1983, per capita income had grown by 5 percent in
the County, but still at a much slower pace relative to North
Carolina and the United States. The 1983 per capita personal
,
income in the County increased over the 1982 figures to only 59
percent and 50 percent of state and national figures, respective-
ly. Notice Table 12, below. The major employment sectors in Hyde
County, i.e., farming, fishing, forestry, and tourism, generally
do not provide for high -paying jobs.
�I
�J

1 TABLE 12
HYDE COUNTY PER CAPITA PERSONAL INCOME, 1981-1983
NORTH CAROLINA
AND UNITED
STATES COMPARISONS
1981
1982 1983
Hyde County
$ 5,546
$ 5,590 $ 5,810
North Carolina
8,655
9,148 9,805
United States
10,544
11,113 11,687
jSource:
N.C. Office of
State Budget
and Management
To summarize Hyde County's economic conditions, it can be
stated that the resource extraction industries continue to retain
their historical significance to the County's economy. Tourism,
however, has emerged as an important economic sector for the
County. The 1981 Update implied that peat mining would also grow
in economic importance. However, to date, no substantial activity
involving the mining of peat has taken place. Nevertheless, the
potential is still there. Hyde County has an estimated 80,640
acres of peat deposits containing about 70 million tons of
moisture -free peat. If peat is ever mined on a significant scale,
the employment and income potential for the County could be sub-
stantial. Finally, since income in the County is generally low,
coming from the existing major employment sectors discussed above,
any major expansion in both jobs and income will likely have to
come from increased manufacturing activities within the County.
This is an issue which will be addressed in Section II of this
part under "Economic and Community Development," beginning on page
56.
3. Housing
In that no actual housing figures for Hyde County were avail-
able for the 1981 Plan Update, it is difficult to describe changes
that have occurred since that time. However, in the table below,
housing information based on the 1980 Census is presented, with
mobile home units comprising 12% of the total year-round units.
This percentage seems high and may indicate that mobile home units
may be on the increase due to rising housing costs and relatively
low incomes. Of the total year-round units, 551, or 21 percent,
are vacant.
i
12
I

TABLE 13
1980 HYDE COUNTY HOUSING
SUMMARY
ITEM
NUMBER
Total Units
2,836
Vacant Seasonal and Migratory
256
Year -Round Units
2,580
Vacant Year -Round Units
551
Occupied Year -Round Units
2,029
Year -Round Mobile Home Units
321
Persons in Occupied Units
5,859 (5,481 in 1970)
Average Household Size
2.89
Source: 1980 U.S. Census
More detailed housing information based on the 1980 U.S.
Census is summarized in the table below. Just over one-half
(53.6%) of the total housing units are connected to a public water
system, whereas only roughly 5 percent of the units are tied to a
public sewer system. Therefore, about 95% of the units must rely
on a septic tank, cesspool, or other means of waste disposal.
Only 69% of the units are equipped with at least one complete
bathroom. Almost one-third of the total units were built before
1939.
TABLE 14
SELECTED HOUSING CONDITIONS SUMMARY, HYDE COUNTY
ITEM NUMBER
Units with Public Water 1,522
Units with Public Sewer 150
Units with Complete Kitchen
Facilities 2,096
Units with No Heating System 52
Units with Air Conditioning 979
Units with 1 or More Complete 1,953
Bathrooms
Structures Built Before 1939 812
The above information and land use surveys conducted in late
1985 indicate a significant number of substandard units scattered
throughout the County, particularly in the Lake Landing and
Fairfield Townships. The County received Community Development
Block Grant funding from the N.C. Department of Natural Resources
and Community Development in fiscal year 1982. These funds were
used to rehabilitate eight dwellings and make drainage improve-
ments in the St. Lydia Housing Rehabilitation Area (between
Engelhard and Swan Quarter), for a total of 37 beneficiaries. No
extensive rehabilitation has been conducted since that time.
13 1
L

i
According to the Hyde County Maintenance and Inspection
Department's "Report of Building or Zoning Permits Issued and
Local Public Construction" (for U.S. Department of Commerce,
Bureau of the Census), there were 35 permits issued for single-
family detached housing units in 1985 (compared to 26 permits in
1983--1981 figures were not available), and 56 permits issued for
mobile homes (compared to 42 in 1983). Due to aged housing stock
and a large concentration of substandard housing, mobile homes
appear to be increasing as a viable housing alternative. Most new
construction appears to be taking place in the Lake Landing Town-
ship, particularly around the community of Engelhard.
4. Impact of Seasonal Population
As noted under the discussion on current economic conditions
(Page 10), the major impact of the thousands of visitors who come
to the County each year is upon the economy. Most of the tourists
on the mainland are "day visitors," who come to hunt, fish, or
visit the wildlife refuge areas. On Ocracoke, many tourists are
transients who spend more time in the Village than day visitors do
on the mainland. Since the 1981 Update, several new motels have
been developed on Ocracoke. Ocracoke, however, also attracts
substantial numbers of day visitors during the tourist season.
(More details on Ocracoke's seasonal population are included in
Part II of this Plan, beginning on pageII-L)
It is difficult to assess or estimate the number of tourists
frequenting the mainland at any one time. Tourism does not have
as significant an impact upon the mainland as it does on Ocracoke,
a factor also pointed out in both the 1976 and 1981 Plans.
Because of the tremendous importance of agriculture in the County,
migrant farm workers also constitute a seasonal population in Hyde
County. However, as noted in the 1976 Plan and the 1981 Plan
Update, their impact is minimal and the major concern is for ade-
quate housing. Two group housing facilities for migrant workers
are located in Hyde County, one in Swan Quarter, and one in Fair-
field. Both of these facilities are privately owned. An addi-
tional facility located in Swan Quarter has been closed since
1981, as a reduction in the planting of sweet corn also reduced
the need for migrant workers and, therefore, the need for an addi-
tional facility. The two remaining facilities are considered
adequate by the County Health Department.
5. Existing Land Use Analysis
a. Current Conditions
The overall land development pattern on Hyde County's main-
land is essentially the same as it was when it was mapped for the
1981 Land Use Plan, although additional once -forested acreage has
been cleared. The residential patterns are still the same, with
most of the dwelling units being located along the frontage of
14

primary and secondary roads (see Map 2, Existing Land Use Map).
Hyde County is a predominantly rural county and, as pointed out in
the discussion on its economy, is dominated by agriculture and
resource extraction activities. The overall land use pattern is
reflective of the County's economic base. This is noted on both
the 1981 Land Use Map and the updated .Land Use Map attached to
this updated Plan. Again, most significant land use changes since
1981 concern the conversion of forestland into productive agricul-
tural land and other uses. As reported in the 1981 Plan, this has
■
occurred mostly in the Ponzer, Fairfield, and Engelhard areas.
It is rather difficult to obtain detailed data on the land
,
use mix in Hyde County, especially during "off census" years.
Therefore, a variety of sources were carefully reviewed (some with
conflicting data items) and compared to the estimated land use
acreage for 1980 contained in the 1981 Plan Update. The results
are shown in Table 15, below.
TABLE 15
HYDE COUNTY LAND USE CHANGES: 1980-1985
LAND USE 1980 1985 CHANGES (ACRES)
Federal 76,403 76,403 N/C
State 18,856 12,850 N/C
,
Urban & Built Up 2,730 2,930 200
Small Water Area 133 133 N/C
Cropland 79,187 78,546 - 641
Pastureland 1,000 2,126 + 1,126
Forestland 188,911 187,936 - 975
Other (ditch banks, 25,100 25,390 + 290
roadways, etc.)
'
Sources: Department of Commerce, 1982 Census of Agriculture,
Preliminary Report, Hyde County; N.C. Agricultural �-
Statistics, 1985; and N.C. Division of Forest Resources
There were no changes in the Federal, State, or small water areas.
The projected change in urban and built-up land reflects mainly
increasing activity in and around Engelhard, Fairfield, and Swan
Quarter. It is also of interest to note that the amount of "crop-
lands" decreased by a small amount, while pasturelands appears to
have increased a little. Forested acreage, according to estimates
contained in Table 15, declined at a significantly lower rate than
reported in previous plans. Massive -scale land clearing appears
to be leveling off in Hyde County.
Although the large corporate farms have the capacity and
mechanical sophistication for rapid clearance of large tracts of
land, as reported in the 1981 Plan Update, the previously identi-
fied massive land clearing trend appears to be leveling. This, ,
according to local officials, is the result of strict enforcement
15 '
E

of permits required by CAMA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
and the expense (approximately $500/acre) of clearing land. As
was thoroughly documented in the 1976 Plan and discussed in the
1981 Update, surface water drainage is virtually essential for all
crops in Hyde County because of the low, flat topography and high
water table. Drainage of large tracts of land increases the sur-
face run-off of freshwater into many of the estuaries which border
much of the mainland, causing a potential decrease in the salinity
level. The effect of this extensive drainage was discussed in
some detail in the 1981 Plan Update.
' b. Land Compatibility Problems
Within the conventional concept of land use planning, there
are no significant land compatibility problems on Hyde County's
mainland. As stated in the 1976 Land Use Plan, "normally ... com-
patibility problems are identified as those where two or more land
use types are adjacent to each other and one is restrained from
expansion due to adverse conditions, thus new investment is dis-
couraged." A specific example might be the intrusion of an indus-
trial development into a residential area. However, in a broader
sense of land use compatibility, adverse environmental effects can
also be a major consideration. In Hyde County, these adverse
environmental effects still involve two areas: (1) septic tank
suitability, and (2) agricultural freshwater drainage. Although
both of these problems were addressed on pages 15-16 of the 1981
Land Use Plan Update, updated information is provided for each:
1. Septic Tank Suitability: Hyde County does not
have a central sewage system, and the feasibility of developing a
County -wide system is still not promising. A 201 Waste Water
Facilities Plan for Hyde County was completed in 1978. The plan
indicated that due to the lack of significant population concen-
trations, the costs of such a system would be prohibitive and user
charges would have to be excessive. This plan did not include
Ocracoke. In many areas of the County, the high water table
impedes the proper functioning of septic tanks. On the other
' hand, other areas have high organic soils containing peat, which
in some cases have a consistency similar to sawdust. These soils
conditions also are not supportive of proper septic tank function-
ing. The basis for the environmental incompatibility is that
currently on the mainland, septic tanks provide the only means for
waste water disposal.
' 2. Agricultural Freshwater Drainage: The North
Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries began conducting a study in
1977 on the effect of freshwater drainage into primary estuarine
nursery areas of the Pamlico Sound, including Hyde County. This
study was still in progress during the development of the 1981
Land Use Plan, but has since been completed and published. The
conclusion of the study supports the preliminary findings, which
' were reported in the 1981 Plan Update. It should be noted that
16,

h
all of the study areas were located in Hyde County. According to
Marine Fisheries officials at the Washington, North Carolina,
'
Regional Office, increasing levels of freshwater intrusion into
the estuarine nursery areas, i.e., the bays and creeks along Hyde
County's border with the Pamlico Sound, has caused "drastic fluc-
tuations" in the salinity content. In proper concentrations, salt
content is essential for the growth and development of many spe-
cies of shellfish and finfish in the estuaries, including spot,
flounder, shrimp, oysters, and crabs. The Marine Fisheries study
showed, by comparing some estuaries which received drainage to
some which did not receive direct run-off, that productivity
levels were significantly lowered in the drainage receptive areas.
This was demonstrated through a process of taking frequent sam-
,
plings from both nursery areas. The study sites were located in
the Rose Bay, Swan Quarter Bay, and Germantown Bay areas. The
Division of Marine Fisheries will be conducting an additional
study in the spring of 1986 at Broad Creek, off Long Shoal River
in Hyde County, whereby biological responses will be measured
after artificially inducing freshwater drainage into the nursery
areas, and comparing those results to "normal' nursery areas.
Lower productivity in the nursery areas will eventually mean lower
catches for fishermen. However, drainage, as documented in the
1976 Plan and the 1981 Update, is virtually essential for farming
in Hyde County. Commercial and sports fishing is also important
in the County. It should be noted that there may be factors other
than agricultural drainage affecting the fish harvest, as 1983 was
a relatively dry year with little agricultural runoff. 1983 was a
good farming year (See Table 7, page 7), but had a relatively low
fish harvest (See Table 9, page 9).
As agricultural freshwater drainage into nursery areas may or
may not adversely affect fish harvest, it must be noted that the
converse, or salt water intrusion into agricultural lands, is also
a significant concern in Hyde County. According to Soil Conserva-
tion Services personnel, salt water intrusion through ditches and
canals spreads over the land, ruining crops by sterilizing the
soils, and damages the productivity of the land itself. The area
affected by salt water intrusion covers about 3,000 acres. There
are currentlyproposals for two diking systems to alleviate this
i problem (one n Swan Quarter/West Canal and one in the Engelhard
area). Although the completion date is dependent upon many fac-
tors, it is hoped that the diking systems will be completed by
1988.
,
Another issue of land use compatibility in Hyde County, and
in several other coastal counties, is the extent of military air-
space controlled by the Department of Defense, and proposals to
expand this "restricted" space. The almost continual presence
over Hyde County of low -flying military planes on subsonic train-
ing missions has been the source of many complaints from County
citizens. Both fishermen and farmers voice dissatisfaction with
these flights.
,
C. Major Problems from Unplanned Development
As indicate,
population projections Hyde County is not in a
"rapid growth" situation, particularly on the mainland. The most
11
17 1

extensive use of land is for agriculture and forestry, neither of
which connotes "development". Although Hyde County has not his-
torically emphasized County -wide planning controls, no major prob-
lems from unplanned development have resulted on the mainland.
Lack of a centralized sewage facility and continued reliance upon
septic tanks, however, have caused many individual homeowners
problems with improperly functioning on -site systems. Some on -
site systems, though not all, can be modified in order to func-
tion. However, because of the high -organic content of the soils,
even modifications such as mound systems, sometimes do not func-
tion properly.
d. Areas Experiencing or Likely to Experience Change
in Predominant Land Use
The major land areas experiencing change on the mainland has
P
been, historically, the conversion of forests and woodlands into
agricultural land. This activity appears to be slowing down some-
what. A notable change which may occur, however, is the develop-
ment of condominiums in the White Plains Marina area. This area
was classified "rural" in the 1981 Update, but if it is developed,
will need to be reclassified for higher density uses. Generally,
the overall residential and development pattern will likely remain
1 the same on the mainland, unless local land use controls, such as
zoning or subdivision regulations, are imposed. Also, if a
limited -area sewage system were to be developed, a change in the
development pattern might also result.
e. Areas of Environmental Concern
The Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC's), which occur in
Hyde County, were identified in both the 1976 Land Use Plan and
1981 Update. The statutorily -defined AEC's are described within
two broad categories, i.e., Estuarine System AEC's and Ocean
Hazards AEC's. All of the AEC's on Hyde County's mainland are
included within the Estuarine System Category. The Ocean Hazards
AEC's apply only to the ocean side of Ocracoke Island, which is
1 under federal control as part of the Cape Hatteras National
Seashore Recreation Area. There is no need for detailed discus-
sion of the Ocean Hazards AEC's since they are not within the
County's jurisdictional control. No new AEC's have been added or
expanded in area or location since the 1981 Update. The Estuarine
System AEC's will be defined and described below:
1. Coastal Wetlands
Coastal wetlands or marshlands are defined as any salt marsh
or other marsh subject to regular or occasional flooding by tides,
including wind tides (whether or not the tide waters reach the
marshland areas through natural or artificial watercourses), pro-
vided this shall not include hurricane or tropical storm tides.
Coastal marshlands contain some, but not necessarily all, of
the following marsh plant species:
18

(a) Cord Grass (Spartina alterniflora)
(b) Black Needlerush (Juncus roemerianus)
(c) Glasswort (Salicornia spp.)
(d) Salt Grass (Distichlis spicata)
(e) Sea Lavender (Limonium spp.)
(f) Bulrush (Scirpus spp.)
(g) Saw Grass (Cladium jamaicense)
(h) Cat -tail (Typha spp.)
(i) Salt Meadow Grass (Spartina patens)
(j) Salt Reed Grass (Spartina cynosuroides)
Included in this definition of coastal marshlands is "such
contiguous land as the Secretary of NR&CD reasonably deems neces-
sary to affect by any such order in carrying out the purposes of
this Section." (G.S. 113-230[al)
Hyde County residents prefer to use the term "marshlands,"
instead of wetlands. "Marshlands" is more descriptive of the area
included as an Area of Environmental Concern. The marsh areas are
an essential element of the estuarine system. Without the marsh,
the high productivity levels and complex food chains typically
found in the estuaries could not be maintained. The 1976 Land Use
Plan noted that there were both regularly flooded and irregularly
flooded marsh areas in Hyde County (pp. 83-87). The regularly
flooded salt marsh is located on the Sound side of Ocracoke Island
within an area under the control of the National Park Service as
part of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore. On the mainland,
there are approximately 36,500 acres of irregularly flooded salt
marsh, and about 3,400 acres of freshwater marsh. The irregularly
flooded salt marsh of the County provides not only nutrients for
shell and finfish, but also provides habitats for raccoon,
muskrat, otter, and black duck. In addition, these same areas
serve as a deterrent to shoreline erosion, especially in marshes
containing heavily rooted species of Juncus roemerianus, known as
Black Needlerush.
The location of the irregularly flooded salt marsh is exten-
sive and found continuously from the mouth of the Long Shoal River
to a point near Able Bay in Currituck Township. Refer to Map 7,
page 84, 1976 CAMA Plan, for a graphic illustration (see Appendix
1). The location of the freshwater marsh is principally along the
western boundary of the County, on the banks of the Pungo River.
Freshwater marsh may also be located at the intersection of
N.C. 94 and the intracoastal waterway (see Map 3, attached).
2. Estuarine Waters
Estuarine waters are defined in G.S. 113A-113(b)(2) as "all
the water of the Atlantic Ocean within the boundary of North
1
1
19 1

Carolina and all the waters of the bays, sounds, rivers, and trib-
utaries thereto seaward of the dividing line between coastal fish-
ing waters and inland fishing waters, as set forth in an agreement
adopted by the Wildlife Resources Commission and the Department of
Natural Resources and Community Development filed with the Secre-
tary of State, entitled "Boundary Lines, North Carolina Commercial
Fishing -- Inland Fishing Waters," Revised to March 1, 1965.
Hyde County contains vast areas of estuarine waters, as was
documented on pages 88-90 of the 1976 Plan. Estuarine waters
include the waters of the Pamlico Sound, Pungo River, and Alliga-
tor River, which are adjacent to the land area of the County. The
most complex area of estuarine waters on the mainland is the
southwest quadrant of the County, due to the numerous small
tributaries which flow into either the Pungo River or the Pamlico
Sound, and includes Swan Quarter Bay and Rose Bay.
' The significance of the estuarine system is that it is one of
the most productive natural environments of North Carolina. It
not only supports valuable commercial and sports fisheries, but is
also utilized for commercial navigation, recreation, and aesthetic
purposes. Species dependent upon estuaries include menhaden
shrimp, flounder, oysters, and crabs. These species make up over
90 percent of the total value of North Carolina's commercial
catch. These species must spend all or some part of their life
cycle in the estuary. The preservation and protection of these
areas are vitally important, as was noted in the discussion of
"Land Compatibility Problems," on page 16 of this section. Prime
fishing and spawning areas for shellfish and finfish were identi-
fied in the County on Map 4, page 56, of the 1976 Plan. The ex-
tent of the estuarine system in Hyde County is vast, extending
from the mouth of the Long Shoal River at the Dare County line in
the northeast and extending around the land mass to the waters of
I the Pungo River in the northwestern portion of the County. In
addition to that area, the waters of the Alligator River from
Cherry Point Landing to the Albemarle Sound are part of the
estuarine system. The Pamlico Sound, for example, is approximate-
ly 48,000 acres, measured from Wysocking Bay to Rose Bay and
extending an average width of two miles.
3. Public Trust Areas
Public trust areas are all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and
the lands thereunder from the mean high water mark to the seaward
limit of state jurisdiction; all natural bodies of water subject
to measurable lunar tides and lands thereunder to the mean high
water mark; all navigable natural bodies of water and lands there-
under to the mean high water level or mean water level as the case
may be, except privately -owned artificially created bodies of
water containing significant public fishing resources or other
' public resources which are accessible to the public by navigation
from bodies of water in which the public has rights of navigation;
20

and all waters in artificially created bodies of water in which
the public has acquired rights by prescription, custom, usage,
dedication, or any other means. In determining whether the public
has acquired rights in artificially created bodies of water, the
following factors shall be considered:
(a) the use of the body of water by the public;
(b) the length of time the public has used the area;
(c) the value of public resources in the body of water;
(d) whether the public resources in the body of water are
mobile to the extent that they can move into natural
bodies of water;
(e) whether the creation of the artificial body of water
required permission from the State; and
(f) the value of the body of water to the public for naviga-
tion from one public area to another public area. The
public has rights in these areas, including navigation
and recreation. In addition, these areas support
valuable commercial and sports fisheries, have aesthetic
value, and are important resources for economic
development.
All of the waters described as Estuarine Waters (pages 19-20)
in this section, are public trust areas on Hyde County's mainland.
4. Estuarine Shorelines:
Estuarine shorelines are those non -ocean shorelines which are
especially vulnerable to erosion, flooding, or other adverse
effects of wind and water and are intimately connected to'the
estuary. This area extends from the mean high water level or
normal water level along the estuaries, sounds, bays, and brackish
waters, for a distance of 75 feet landward.
As an AEC, Estuarine Shorelines, although characterized as
dry land, are considered a component of the estuarine system
because of the close association with the adjacent estuarine
waters.
The majority of Hyde County's boundary, from the northeastern
tip, southward, and around and up to the northwestern portion of
the County, is the Pamlico Sound. The land area along the Sound
and the shores of the many creeks and bays connecting to it, all
make up the estuarine shorelines in Hyde County. This area is
subject to erosion and occasional flooding, which could not only
affect the quality of the adjacent estuarine life, but also
threaten the security of personal property from developments
located within this area.
21
1
11
1
1

Currently, all development and development -related activities
within the designated AECs in Hyde County are regulated by the
CAMA permit process.
6. Current Plans, Policies, and Regulations
No additional plans or regulations have been developed or
' adopted by Hyde County since the preparation of the 1981 Land Use
Plan Update. Listed below are some local plans and regulations:
Flood Prevention Ordinances
The County is currently in the emergency phase of the
National Flood Insurance Program.
Building Codes
' The County, as a prerequisite to become qualified for the
emergency phase of the National Flood Insurance Program, has
adopted the State of North Carolina Building Code.
' Septic Tank Regulations
' The County has adopted and, through the Sanitarian, enforces
the State of North Carolina Septic Tank Regulations.
Hyde County Land Use Plan, 1976.
The Plan provides a description of present conditions of
population, economy and land use constraints to development. It
' discusses fragile and hazard areas, areas of environmental con-
cern, areas with resource potential, and community facilities. It
estimates future needs and sets out policies and objectives
related to implementing those needs.
Hyde County Land Use Plan Update, 1981.
This was the first 5-year update of the initial CAMA Plan
(1976) and contains a re -assessment of existing conditions and
projections of population, land use, and economic conditions.
Updated policy statements on various development issues and imple-
mentation strategies are also in the Plan Update.
Several other policies and plans have been updated since the
1981 Plan Update and are discussed below.
a. Community Facilities
1. Water Distribution
' Water is the major utility provided by Hyde County. As noted
in the 1981 Land Use Plan Update, the County water system was
22

based on the combining of three former independently developed '
water associations' systems at Swan Quarter, Engelhard, and Matta-
muskeet. In 1977, however, the County developed a well field,
treatment facility, and 100,000 gallon elevated water tower at '
Fairfield. The Fairfield facility was connected to both the
Engelhard and Swan Quarter systems to provide water for most of
the County. The major population area not served by the existing
water system is along U.S. 264, northwest of the Intracoastal '
Waterway Bridge.
The wells at Fairfield still provide the major source of raw
water for the County's system, with the capacity to produce over
'
500,000 gallons per day (gpd) of moderately hard water, containing
some manganese and iron. Otherwise, the water is of an excellent
quality, as noted in a recent overview study of the system by the
County's consulting engineers. However, due to limitations on
pumping and treatment facilities, only 250,000 gpd is currently
being pumped. The County is currently seeking funds to upgrade
the pumping capacity to 450,000 gpd. This rehabilitation of the
Fairfield facility, which is scheduled for completion in 1987,
would reduce the current pumping time of 24 hours to approximately
16 hours for a more efficient system. Because of the threat of
saltwater intrusion, the Engelhard facility has been closed for
several years. A consulting engineers' report noted that due to
the prohibitive costs of desalinization, further development of
'
the Engelhard water source was discouraged. One other facility,
at Swan Quarter, has a 75,000 gpd capacity. The report recommend-
ed that the Fairfield system be relied upon as the major resource
,
of raw water in the County. After the Fairfield facility has been
upgraded, additional tap-ons will be granted on a first -come,
first -serve basis.
'
2. Sewer
As reported in the 1981 Update, a 201 Waste Water Facility ,
Plan was completed for Hyde County in 1978. However, the imple-
mentation of the plan, i.e., the development of a County -wide
system, would have been cost -ineffective. The population density '
was then, and still is, insufficient to support "reasonable" user
fees. Until this becomes a reality, on -site septic systems are
the primary waste water disposal alternative in Hyde County.
b. Transportation
1. Ferry Service
There are three ferries which offer residents and tourists
in Hyde County easy access to and from Ocracoke and the mainland,
and Cedar Island and Hatteras: Ocracoke -Swan Quarter ferry, a
toll, year-round operation; Cedar Island -Ocracoke ferry, also a
toll, year-round service; and Hatteras Inlet ferry, which offers
service free -of -charge and is year-round. Table 16 below shows ,
the current ferry schedule.
23

`1
I
1�
TABLE 16: FERRY SCHEDULE
Ocracoke -Swan Quarter (2 1/2 hours)
Twice daily - morning and afternoon - year-round
Cedar Island - Ocracoke (2 1/4 hours)
April 15 - May 31 - 4 times daily
June 1 - September 15 - 5 times daily
September 16 - October 31 - 4 times daily
November 1 - April 14 - 2 times daily
Hatteras Inlet (40 minutes)
April 15 - October 31 - 22 times daily
November 1 - April 14 - "every hour on the hour" from
5:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m., and at
7:00 p.m., 9:00 p.m., and 11:00 p.m.
(leave Hatteras)
- "every hour on the hour" from
6:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m., and at
8:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m.
(leave Ocracoke)
As stated earlier, there was a decrease in ferry traffic from
the fiscal year 178-179 figure reported in the 1981 plan update
and the 184-185 figure. Notice Table 17; below:
TABLE 17: HYDE COUNTY FERRY OPERATIONS
FISCAL YEARS 1978-1979 and 1981-1985
1978-79 1981-82 1982-83 1983-84
1984-85
Vehicles 270,313 267,881 270,359 281,348
293,459
Passengers 917,641 729,643 728,054 748,410
772,872
*Includes totals for Hatteras Inlet, Cedar Island, Ocracoke, and
Swan Quarter -Ocracoke ferries.
Source: 1981 Plan Update and NCOOT Ferry Division
Although the Ocracoke -Swan Quarter ferry has two
daily runs
year-round, the Cedar Island and Hatteras ferries have
adjusted
'
schedules to handle more passengers during tourist and
fishing
seasons, and fewer passengers during off-peak seasons.
As dis-
cussed in this section, Part 2d, Tourism, page 10, the
number of
passengers (despite an increase in the number of vehicles) has
been greatly reduced in the past six to seven years, which may
cause concern as to the reduction in ferry operations.
24

2. Roads and Bridges I
The North Carolina Department of Transportation's Secondary
Road Improvement Program has provided for improvements for many '
roads in the County. However, most of these improvements have
been relatively minor ones, such as spot stabilization with stone,
and minor widening and paving.
One of the more significant transportation features in the '
County since 1981 is the construction of the Walter B. Jones
Bridge (over Wilkerson Creek) over the Intracoastal Waterway in '
the northwest section of the County. The bridge was constructed
by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and was completed by late
1981. This high-rise span replaced an old, narrow bridge across
the waterway and greatly facilitates flows in the County.
Currently, surveying is being conducted prior to the widen-
ing (to 22 feet) and resurfacing of U.S. 264E from SR 1129 north ,
of Swan Quarter to the bridge north of Engelhard. Actual con-
struction of these improvements should be completed in fiscal year
1987. Also, there is a bridge replacement proposed for fiscal
year 1989 at the canal north of Engelhard. There are also some
long-range plans by the federal government for the replacement of
a tendon bridge over the Intracoastal Waterway across N. C. 94
north of Fairfield.
3. Airports
In late 1980, the first paved air landing strip on the main-
land was completed near Engelhard. A small terminal building was
constructed near this site in 1983. Although there are no hangars '
available, there are approximately 15-20 tie -downs available for
small aircraft. Currently, planning discussions are being made to
install a non -directional beacon to aid airport traffic. Addi-
tional improvements will be made as the need and funding become
available. According to corporate representatives, private air
traffic has increased substantially in the past four years. The
airport is used by hunters; corporate farms; banks; law enforce- '
ment officials; foresters; local, state, and federal government;
emergency personnel; crop dusters; and for helicopters. Private
air traffic will likely continue to increase throughout the
10-year planning period. There is also an airport at Ocracoke,
which is discussed in Part II: Ocracoke.
C. Other Policies '
The County has not developed any additional policies other '
than those listed in the 1981 Land Use Plan, for utilities
extension, open space, or recreation. The 1976 Land Use
I�
25

Plan and the 1981 Update are the only prior land development docu-
ments in the County.
d. Regulations and Enforcement Provisions
The major land use control regulations on the Hyde County
mainland are the CAMA major and minor development permits. The
County Building Inspector is also the CAMA minor permit officer.
Septic tank regulations and mobile home placement design
standards are enforced by the County Health Department through the
local Sanitarian. The County did adopt, in 1979, a Building Per-
mit Ordinance, and established a permit program, enforced by a
building permit officer.
Hyde County also has a County -wide Agricultural Canal Permit
Program which allows local farmers to apply for canal maintenance
permits locally, rather than directly to the U.S. Corps. of Engi-
neers. This program is designed to speed up the application
approval time from both Federal and State agencies for maintenance
of existing drainage canals. The drainage canal maintenance pro-
gram allegedly has not worked as efficiently as planned. Many
farmers claim that permit and regulatory officials do not always
follow the policies in the land use plan, but utilize other tech-
nicalities to deny needed permits.
' There are no other local regulatory controls concerning land
use on the County mainland. Ocracoke Village, however, does have
additional development controls in the form of the "Development
Ordinance for the Village of Ocracoke," adopted in April, 1986.
The provisions of this ordinance will be discussed more in Part II
of this plan.
I
�1
26

C. CONSTRAINTS: LAND SUITABILITY
'
1. Physical Limitations
'
Physical limitations to development, which include man-made
and natural hazards, soils suitability, and water supply sources,
are basically the same in Hyde County as was noted in the 1976
'
CAMA Plan. Two notable additions to the consideration of man-made
hazards are the new, paved airstrip near Engelhard and airspace
restrictions imposed by military training operations over the
County. The natural hazards, as noted in the 1976 Plan, are most-
'
ly on Ocracoke Island (see Part II). The soils map and conditions
ratings, along with the discussion of soils limitations in the
1976 Plan, are essentially the same in Hyde County today, since no
updated soils survey has been completed. These soils limit both
septic tank installation and structural foundations in some areas.
'
a. Natural Hazard Area
1. Flood Hazard Area
When the 1981 .Land Use Plan Update was developed, a detailed
Flood Insurance Study showing elevations and flood hazard areas
had not been prepared for Hyde County. However, the Federal
'
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) initiated a detailed study in
1982, with the preliminary results being published in April, 1985.
The study, which consists of a report and a series of maps of all
'
of the County, shows the areas which are subject to inundation by
the 100-year flood (Zone "A"s) along with elevations, as disting-
uished from areas subject to minimal flooding dangers (Zone "C").
Not surprisingly, the detailed study shows that nearly all of Hyde
'
County is subject to the 100-year flood; however, there is a sig-
nificant amount of area included in the "Zone C" classification,
i.e., in the 500-year flood area and subject to minimal flooding.
'
This area is located in the northwestern portion of the County,
north of the Intracoastal Waterway between Alligator Lake and the
Pungo Wildlife Refuge Area. Another small pocket of relatively
"high ground" is found in the northeast, south of the Waterway
'
(see Map 4, attached). The rest of the County is located within
the 100-year, or "high hazard" flood area. The existing land uses
within the high hazard flood area consist mostly of residential,
'
agricultural, and forestry uses.
2. Estuarine Erosion Area
'
As discussed under identification of Areas of Environmental
Concern (AECs), Hyde County has a substantial area of estuarine
waters and estuarine shorelines. Erosion of the estuarine shore-
'
line can pose possible hazards for certain waterfront develop-
ments, particularly residential. Estuarine erosion areas were
determined by the Soil Conservation Service for 15 points or
'
27 1

"reaches" along the Pamlico Sound and Pungo River. Average annual
erosion rates were identified in the 1976 plan by "reach" areas
and are shown on the following page, along with a map of the reach
areas (Map 5 ).
The overall average erosion rate is about 3.0 feet per year
for Hyde County's estuarine shorelines. This rate of loss could
' be greatly intensified in the event of major storms. However, as
the existing land use map (Map 1, attached) shows, residential
development is not extensive in this area.
b. Areas with Soils Limitations
' A detailed soils survey and soils report is not available for
Hyde County. The best available data is the "General Soil Map"
for Hyde County, which was included in the 1976 Plan and also
shown in Map 6 , page 31. According to the general map, nearly
' all of the soil types in Hyde County (including Ocracoke) are
characterized as poorly drained, "wet" type soils, with -limita-
tions for most "developed" purposes. (See accompanying Chart I,
page 32.) Approximately 50% of the County consists of very wet
soils. However, an updated, detailed soils survey needs to be
prepared.
C. Sources and Estimated Quantity of Water Supply
1. Groundwater
' The major source of water supply for the County's central
water system is groundwater. There are two aquifers supplying
water to Hyde County.. The Castle Hayne aquifer, consisting of
predominantly porous shell, limestone, and calcarous sand, is a
highly productive source of water supply for the northwestern.
portion of the County. In that section of the County, individual
wells may produce from 50 to 500 gallons.per minute. The Castle
Hayne aquifer lies approximately 250 feet below the surface,
although many wells are only 40 feet deep and can obtain water
from the aquifer.
The principal source of groundwater supply for the County is
the Yorktown Formation. This aquifer is above the Castle Hayne
and is composed of interbedded marls, massive clays, sands, and
shells. Wells drilled into the aquifer range from 125 feet in the
west to 250 feet in the eastern portions of the County. Yields
from the Yorktown Formation have been reported to be 50 gallons
per minute from a two-inch diameter well. The recharge of the
Yorktown Formation is directly at the point of outcrop and
indirectly by the seepage of water through the overlying surficial
sands. Overlaying the Yorktown Formation is a non -artesian or
water table aquifer. This aquifer is the most widely used source
for domestic wells. This aquifer is recharged directly by precip-
itation and surface storage. It is this non -artesian aquifer
which is more susceptible to contamination from septic tanks or
' 28

=-.M= = m =I= IM = m
N
"ESTUARINE EROSION AREAS"
- MAP 5
?''-- LEGEND
0— __._. R E C H
HYDE COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA

REACH N'J. 1
REACH NO. 10
Av. wictt� llost to erosion
75.0 feet
Ikv. wiatn lost to erosion
75.0
feet
Av. height of bank
1.1 feet
Av. height of bank
.5
feet
Length of shoreline eroding
16.3 miles
Length of shoreline eroding
18.8
miles
Length of shoreline accreting 0 miles
Length of shoreline accreting
0
miles
Total length of shoreline
16.3 miles
Total length of shoreline
18.8
miles
'
REACH NO. 2
REACH NO. 11
Av. width lost to erosion
75.0 feet
Av. width lost to erosion
75.0
feet
'
Av. height of bank
Length of shoreline eroding
2.1 feet
7.4 miles
Av. height of bank
Length of shoreline eroding
.5
19.2
feet
miles
Length of shoreline accreting
0 miles
Length of shoreline accreting
0
miles
Total length of shoreline
7.4 miles
Total length of shoreline
19.2
miles
'
REACH NO. 3
feet
REACH NO. 12
Av. wit lost to erosion
75.0
Av. width lost to erosion
75.0
feet
Av. height of bank-
1.8 feet
Av. height of bank
.5
feet
Length of shoreline eroding
14.6 miles
Length of shoreline eroding
14.9
miles
'
Length of shoreline accreting
0 miles
Length of shoreline accreting 0
miles
Total length of shoreline
14.6 miles
Total length of shoreline
14.9
miles
REACH NO, 4
REAM NO. 13
Av. wiatn lost to erosion
75.0 feet
v. width lost to erosion
75.0
feet
Av. height of bank
1.8 feet
Av. height of bank
.5
feet
Length of shoreline eroding
12.3 miles
Length of shoreline eroding
20.5
miles
Length of shoreline accreting
0 miles.
Length of shoreline accreting 0
miles
Total length of shoreline
12.3 miles
Total length of shoreline
20.5
miles
REACH NO. 5
REACH 14
Av. wit lost to erosion
75.0 feet
Av. wiatn lost to erosion
75.0
feet
Av. height of bank
.7 feet
Av. height cf bank
.5
feet
'
Length of shoreline eroding
13.8 miles
Length of shoreline eroding
15.3
miles
Length of shoreline accreting
0 miles
Length of shoreline accreting 0
miles
Total length of shoreline
13.8 miles
Total length of shoreline
15.3
miles
REACH NO. 6
REACH NO. 15
Av. wia-tF lost to erosion
75.0 feet
Av. width lost to erosion
75.0
feet
Av. height of bank
.5 feet
Av. height of bank
.5
feet
Length of shoreline eroding
18.5 miles
Length of shoreline eroding
11.1
miles
'
Length of shoreline accreting
0 miles
Length of shoreline accreting
0
miles
Total length of shoreline
18.5 miles
Total length of shoreline
11.1 miles
REACH NO. 7
'
Av. wwidth lost to erosion
75.0 feet
Av. height of bank
.5 feet
Length of shoreline eroding
23.8 miles
'
Length of shoreline accreting
Total length of shoreline
0 miles
23.8 miles
REACH NO. 8
Av. wit lost to erosion
Av. height of bank
75.0 feet
.5 feet
Length of shoreline eroding
21.8 miles
Length of shoreline accreting
0 miles
Total length of shoreline
21.8 miles
REACH NO. 9
Av. wi th ost to erosion
75.0 feet
Av. height of bank
.5 feet
Length of shoreline eroding
6.7 miles
'
Length of shoreline accreting
0 miles
Total length of shoreline
6.7 miles
1
30

oo
mt6 7- -'T
7 ------------- ------ i -- ----------
LEGEND
5 5
P. 1-1-1--.1141-1 -1 -1
ALLICATOR 44
LAKE
.2 A
....... r2 E - K
3'rI
�-D
5
6 3 6
1 F-4-ICAFrIll-NEl"A4 .......
3
A.
LAKE NATTAKUSKEET MP(.•;ZE7 -,BELHAVEN-
wr SC----
3 3
6
A
2 2
3
le
el
41 6
4.
c GENERAL SOIL MAP
.... ...... HYDE COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
MAP 6
10-71 4-R-334C2
REV. B-73 4-R-32243

owl M m-
CHART I
HYDE COUNTY SOIL INTERPRETATION FOR
SELECTED DEVELOPMWAL ACTIVITIES
SOIL
o OF
% OF
DWELLINGS
WITH
LIGIIT
1 pm)S MD
SUITABILITY FOR
30CIATIONS
COUNTY
ASSOCIATION
SEPTIC TANKS
INDUSTRIES
STFEXTS
AGRICULTURE
att-Bladen
7
'4yatt
55
Sev.
Wt.
F1.
Sev.
Wt.
F1.
Sev.
Wt. Fl.
Good
Bladen
30
Sev.
Wt.
F1.
Sev.
Wt.
F1.
Sev.
Wt. F1.
Good
3ksville-
Pasquotank
11
i,9eeksville
65
Mod.
to
Sev.
Wt.
Md.
to
Sev. Wt.
Dt'd.
to Sev. Wt:.
Good
Pasquotank.
20
Mod.
to
Sev.
Wt.
Mod.
to
Sev. Vh-
md.
to Sev. Wt.
G-xA
de-Bayboro
12
Hyde
40
Sev.
Wt.
F1.
Perm.
Sev.
Wt.
F1.
Sev.
Wt. Fl.
rid
Bayboro
40
Sev.
Wt.
F1.
Perm.
Sev.
Wt.
Fl.
Sev.
Wt. F1.
Good
pers-New Han.
8
Capers
65
Sev.
Wt.
Fl.
Sev.
Fl.
Cor.
Sev.
Fl.
Poor
New Han.
25
Sev.
LI'C.
Sev.
Fl.
."bd.
Texf.-ure
Poor
re-Pungo-Dorovan
20
Dare
35
Sev.
Fl.
Sev.
Fl.
Cor.
F i . T.0C.
Poor
Pungo
35
Sev.
Fl.
Sev.
Fl.
Cor.
"^
£'j. TSC.
Poor
Dorovan
15
Sev.
Fl.
Sev.
Fl.
Cor..
r.'•. TSC.
Poor
)nze r-Belhaven
Wasoa
30
Ponzer
40
Sev.
Wt.
Fl.
Sev.
F1.
Wt.
Sev.
F1. TSC.
Good
Belhaven
30
Sev.
Wt.
Fl.
Sev.
F1.
Wt.
Sev.
Fl. TSC.
Poor
Wasoa
15
Sev.
Wt.
F1.
Sev.
F1.
Wt.
Sev.
Fl. TSC.
Good
SOURCE: United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service,
Raleigh, North Carolina, 1974.

Notes for Soil Interpreting:
Moderate (MOD): Soils have properties moderately favorable for
the rated use. Limitations can be overcome or
modified with planning, design, or special
maintenance.
Severe (SEV)•
Soils have one or more properties unfavorable
for the rated use. Limitations are difficult
and costly to modify or overcome, requiring
major soil reclamation, special design or intense
maintennce.
Abbreviations for Limitina Factors:
F1. Flood Hazard
Wt. Water Table
Cor. Corrosion Potential
TSC Traffic Supporting Capacity
The suitability of soils for agricultural production was based
upon the production of corn, soybeans, and other small grain crops
only.
33
1
1
1
1

other sources of groundwater pollution. As noted previously, most
of Hyde County is served by the County water system, which draws
from deep wells below the non -artesian layer. However, of concern
to Hyde County is the occasional intrusion of saltwater into the
domestic supply. In recent years, salt intrusion forced the
closing of the well at Engelhard.
2. Surface Water
Surface water in Hyde County, though nearly all brackish, is
abundant. The quality generally is good and the waters are not
subject to acute long-term pollution. There has been concern in
recent years over the impact of freshwater intrusion into the
saline -concentrated estuarine waters, mainly from surface runoff.
d. Slopes in Excess of 12%
Topography in Hyde County is very low, and there are no steep
slopes in excess of 12% within the County's jurisdiction.
1 2. Well Fields
The wells which supply the County's raw water are all deep
wells, which are not significantly affected by land development
around them. Thus, the well fields pose no constraint to land
development.
3. Fragile Areas
These are areas which could easily be damaged or destroyed by
inappropriate or poorly planned development. There are several
fragile areas in Hyde County, including those areas previously
identified and discussed as Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs).
t These included coastal marshlands, estuarine waters, public trust
areas, and estuarine shorelines (see pages 18 through 23, this
section). However, there are other fragile areas in the County
which are not classified as Areas of Environmental Concern, but
nevertheless, due to either natural or cultural significance, are
environmentally sensitive. All of these areas will be identified
and discussed below as either "Natural Resource fragile areas," or
"Cultural Resource fragile areas."
a. Natural Resource Fragile Areas
Natural resource fragile areas are generally recognized to be
of educational, scientific, or cultural value because of the
natural features of the particular site. Features in these areas
' serve to distinguish them from the vast majority of the landscape.
These areas include: complex natural areas, areas that sustain
remnant species, unique geologic formations, pocosins, wooded
swamps, prime wildlife habitats, or registered natural landmarks.
1 34

The specific environments of the endangered species or spe-
cies of special concern in Hyde County, which include Cooper's
hawk, the bald eagle, the golden eagle, peregrine falcon, American
alligator, Outer Banks kingsnake, loggerhead turtle, Carolina
salt marsh snake, osprey, and the black bear, have not been
studied enough in detail to provide land use policy implications.
Plant species listed as significantly rare are the southern
twayblade, the tiny -fruited seedbox, and the hardstem bulrush.
Complex natural areas are defined as "lands that support
native plant and animal communities and provide habitat conditions
or characteristics that have remained essentially unchanged by
human activity." These areas are to be determined to be rare
within the County or to be of particular scientific or educational
value.
There are a few such areas which have been identified within '
Hyde County, containing cypress, pocosin vegetation, and some
endangered animal species. Among them are the Mattamuskeet
National Wildlife Refuge, Scranton Hardwood Forest, Swan Quarter
National Wildlife Refuge, and Cypress Park.
There are no registered natural landmarks or unique geologic
formations in Hyde County.
b. Cultural Resource Fragile Areas
Fragile areas may be particularly important to a locale
either in an aesthetic or cultural sense. Fragile coastal cultur-
al resource areas are generally recognized to be of educational,
associative, scientific, aesthetic, or cultural value because of
their special importance to our understanding of past human set-
tlement of and interaction with the coastal zone. Their impor-
tance serves to distinguish the designated areas as significant
among the historic architectural or archaelogical remains in the
coastal zone, and therein establish their value.
In the early 1980s, a comprehensive inventory of Hyde County
identified hundreds of structures of architectural and/or histori-
cal significance, according to the State Department of Cultural
Resources. As a result of those surveys, two sizeable historic
districts were nominated to the National Register of Historic
Places, i.e., Lake Landing and Fairfield districts.
Although there has been no systematic archeological investi-
gation of Hyde County, the State Division of Archives and History
has recorded 12 such sites in the County, including one pre-
historic site on Ocracoke. None of these sites have been investi-
gated for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places.
However, there are many areas which have historic and architec-
tural value beyond local significance, discovered by the previous-
ly mentioned surveys. In addition to the five historic places in
Hyde County that had been placed on the National Register of
Historic Places by 1981, one additional property, the George V.
Credle house and cemetery, has been added. These National
Register properties are identified by location, below.
35 1

1.
Inkwell (Octagon House) --Amity Vicinity
2.
Clarke House (Wynne's Folly)--Englehard Vicinity
3.
Hyde County Courthouse --Swan Quarter
4.
Ocracoke Light Station --Ocracoke
'
5.
Mattamuskeet Lodge --Lake Mattamuskeet area
6.
George V. Credle House and Cemetery --Rose Bay Vicinity
In
addition to these six properties, twenty-four additional
ones have
been placed on a "study list" for possible inclusion on
the National
Register. These twenty-four properties include:
1.
Amity Rural Historic District, Amity Vicinity
2.
Hyde County Plantation District, US 264
3.
Middletown Commercial District, Lake Landing Township
4.
Ocracoke Village Historic District, Ocracoke
5.
Bell-Jennette House, Lake Landing Township
6.
7.
William Sylvester Carter House, Fairfield Township
Samuel Lincoln Fisher House, Currituck Township
8.
Henry Gibbs House, Lake Landing Township
9.
John and Thomas Mann Houses, Fairfield Township
10.
O'Neal Midgett House, Lake Landing Township
11.
Ocracoke Lighthouse Keepers Quarters, Ocracoke
12.
Rose Bay Missionary Baptist Church, Swan Quarter
Township
1
13.
Rose Bay School, Swan Quarter Township
14.
St. John's Episcopal Church, Currituck Township
15.
St. John's Episcopal Church, Sladesville
16.
Elisha Sewell House, Lake Landing Township
17.
Soole Methodist Church, Swan Quarter Township
18.
Marcus Swindell House, Lake Landing Township
19.
Watson House, Lake Landing Township
20.
G. I. Watson House, Lake Landing Township
21.
I. B. Watson House, Lake Landing Township
22.
Preacher Watson House, Lake Landing Township
23.
Joseph Young House, Lake Landing -Township
24.
Young -Roper -Jarvis House, Lake Landing Township
All
of Ocracoke Village, which is presented as Part II of
this Plan,
can be considered a cultural resource beyond local
significance
(see Part II, Ocracoke). Also, the above -mentioned
comprehensive
survey titled "Comprehensive Historical Inventory of
Hyde County,"
will be used to help identify other potentially
fragile
historic properties.
In
addition to architecturally significant historic proper-
ties, Hyde
County has 35 known sites of archaeological signifi-
cance,
according to the Archaeology Branch of the State Division
of Archives
and History. Although not yet proven conclusively,
within
the Lake Landing Historic Architectural District (which is
a nationally
designated historic district on the National Register
of Historic
Places), is one site thought to be the location of the
lost Indian village of Pomeiooc. This 16th century village was
referenced
to and depicted in vivid water colors by John White,
36

n
one of the early English settlers, in one of the colonies spon-
sored by Sir Walter Raleigh. John White, unlike the settlers of
the "Lost Colony," returned to England, where the paintings were
preserved. The Village of Pomeiooc was long thought to be in the '
vicinity of Lake Mattamuskett, but no evidence was found.
It should be pointed out, however, that all information on
the location, nature, and content of archaeological sites in North
Carolina is protected under terms of N.C.G.S. 70, Article 2.
Release of detailed information, because of risk of harm to the
site, is very tightly controlled. Actual site locations are con-
fidential and should not be made part of any public document,
although maps may be examined in Raleigh.
4. Areas with Resource Potential
A primary area with resource potential in Hyde County con-
cerns productive agricultural lands, which include 70,600 acres in
harvested cropland for 1984 (N.C. Agricultural Statistics, 1985).
Other areas of resource potential include the four wildlife refuge
areas and one "bird refuge" on the mainland, and the Cape Hatteras
National Seashore Recreation Area on Ocracoke, which are
publicly -owned forests, parks, or fish and gameland areas.
As reported in detail in the 1981 Plan Update, Hyde County,
'
along with several other coastal counties along the Pamlico Basin,
are known to have substantial deposits of peat. According to a
document titled 1980 Annual Report on Peat Resources in North
Carolina, by Lee T. Otte and Roy L. Ingram, November 1980, there
are two significant peat deposits located in Hyde County. The
first is known as the Pamlimarle Peninsula, which also lies in
parts of Washington, Tyrrell, and Dare Counties. It is estimated
that approximately 120 square miles of this deposit, which con-
tains about 70 million tons of moisture -free peat, lies in Hyde
County. A second, much smaller deposit is located in the Gull
Rock Wildlife Area, currently under state control, covering a
six -square -mile area. These two deposits encompass an estimated
80,640 acres of land, or 126 square miles. Productive water
bodies, particularly those designated as primary nursery areas,
are also significant natural resource areas in the County.
Other natural resource areas of significance in Hyde County
from an economic standpoint are Lake Mattamuskeet and the Swan
Quarter National Wildlife Refuge. These two areas offer some of
the most fertile water fowl hunting areas in all of North Carolina
and the many hunters and fishermen attracted to the County do have
a positive impact upon the local economy. According to the North
Carolina Division of Environmental Management, the Swan Quarter
National Wildlife Refuge is designated as a "Class I," or
"pristine" air quality area, making it an area to be protected
from sources of controllable air pollution from air emissions.
All of the County's wildlife refuge areas and Lake Mattamuskeet
are important resources which should be protected from unnecessary
encroachment or degradation.
37

D. CONSTRAINTS: CAPACITY OF COMMUNITY FACILITIES
The capacity of Hyde County's community facilities, with the
exception of water, has not changed significantly since 1981. In
addition to the water systems, there have been some minor changes
in the County's community services, as discussed below.
1. Water System
Hyde County's water system consists of two facilities, one at
Fairfield with a capacity of 250,000 gallons per day (gpd), and
one at Swan Quarter with a 75,000 gpd capacity. The Fairfield
facility has the same capacity as it did in 1981; however, the
capacity of the Swan Quarter facility has been reduced from about
90,000 gpd in 1981 to 75,000 gpd in 1985. Therefore, the total
County capacity is about 325,000 gpd, a reduction of 15,000 gpd
since 1981. In 1985, however, the Swan Quarter water facilities
did experience serious chloride problems and there is a need to
expand the water supply.
Peak demand for water, according to the County Utilities
Director, is about 280,000 gpd, which is about 45,000 gpd less
than the current capacity. So, although the County's water capa-
city has been reduced, water utilization peaks at only 86 percent
of that capacity. Water demand peaks during the summer when
cucumbers are being processed, migrant laborers are present, and
the shrimp boats are in. Off-peak demand is about 200,000 gpd,
which is significantly higher than the 80-90,000 gpd range report-
ed in the 1981 Plan Update.
As the County grows during the next 10 years, the provision
of adequate amounts of water may pose a serious constraint to
development. Water quality also is of some concern. Also, it
should be noted that the County intends to upgrade the pumping
capacity of the Fairfield facility to 400,000 gallons per day by
mid-1987. The County is proposing, also, to develop a long-term
N solution to its water problem by developing a new well site in the
western end of the County. This source, however, was contingent
upon the passing of a bond referendum in late 1986. The
referendum was passed, and the new system is projected to be in
operation by 1989 and will serve the entire County.
2. Sewage Disposal
The County still does not have a centralized collection and
disposal system. Septic tanks are the sole means of waste water
disposal for nearly the entire County. However, the Mid -East
public housing project and the Lake Mattamuskeet Wildlife Refuge
both have small, private "package" treatment plants which
discharge effluent. Also, a package treatment plant is proposed
to be developed at the White Plains Marina hunting club
38

development. The County high school is served by a septic tank,
sand filter, discharge system which, according to regional
Division of Environmental Management offices, is currently out of
compliance with its effluent limits and needs to be upgraded.
(See Item a-2 page 23, this section.)
3. Solid Waste Disposal
Solid waste disposal is still a problem for Hyde County's
mainland. Because of the high water table and low topography,
state regulations prohibit the establishment of a landfill on the
mainland. The County does have a garbage and trash collection
system with public dumpsters. However, all of the waste must be
trucked to landfills in nearby Beaufort and Dare Counties. The
Beaufort County landfill is projected to be usable until mid-1988,
and the County has already taken steps to obtain permits to
develop a new landfill. The current Dare County landfill was
opened in 1982, and is projected to have a useful lifespan of 20
years. As long as Hyde County is unable to obtain permits to
establish its own landfill, this expensive practice will have to
continue. This factor, however, should not be considered as a
serious constraint to development during the next 10 years.
4. Schools
Although the school facilities in Hyde County have not
changed since the 1981 Plan Update, overall enrollment has
declined. The 1981 school enrollment figure was 1,163 students,
as shown in Table 17, below. All but 105 of these students were
on the mainland. Figures for school year 1984-85 show total
enrollment to be 1,004, which is a decrease of 159 students, or
about 13 percent. Enrollment on Ocracoke has been steadily
declining since school year 1981-82. Although there is, in
theory, excess capacity of about 570 students, there are no
"unused" facilities in the schools. This "excess" allows Hyde
County to update the standards in some facilities, such as librar-
ies.
TABLE 18: HYDE COUNTY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT FIGURES
1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 1983-84 1984-85
Hyde County 1,163 1,111 1,066 1,045 1,004
Ocracoke 105 113 112 105 94
5. Transportation
There are three primary roads in Hyde County: U.S. 264,
N.C. 94, and N.C. 45. In relation to the capacities of these
roads, overall traffic volumes have not changed significantly
since the 1980 figures reported in the 1981 Plan Update. No
counts are available for N.C. 45.
39 1

1985
TABLE 19: PRIMARY ROAD TRAFFIC COUNTS: 1981
&
*VOLUMES
LOCATION 1980 1985
CHANGE
N.C. 94 North of U.S. 264 700 700
U.S. 264 East of N.C. 94 900 1,400
0
+500
U.S. 264 West of N.C. 94 1,500 1,000
- 500
Source: N.C. Department of Transportation, Planning
and Research
Branch, Raleigh, N.C.
* Vehicles per day
On N.C. 94, north of U.S. 264, traffic volume remains
con-
stant. On U.S. 264, west of N.C. 94, traffic volume
has declined.
Volume has increased on 264 East, which is perhaps reflective
ferry -generated traffic.
of
The capacities of both of these roads range from
5,700 to
8,200 vehicles per day, posing no constraint to future
development
or vehicular congestion. On the other hand, however,
the
conditions of some secondary routes in the County are
less than
desirable and the roads need to be repaired. This is
especially
true in the Sladesville area.
6. Medical Services
There is currently one full-time physician in Hyde County,
and one physician's assistant from nearby Belhaven (in Beaufort
County), although no physician has yet been hired for the Rural
Medical Center. The Engelhard area is served by one physician,
who also has a self-contained pharmacy. Also, there is a
full-time dentist in Swan Quarter.
7. Emergency and Protective Services
Hyde County has its own Emergency Medical Service Team, com-
plete with ambulance, about 15 certified Emergency Medical
Technicians, and 24-hour dispatch service through the Sheriff's
Department.
Four fire stations in the County are rated by the North
Carolina Department of Insurance. One of these fire stations is
located at Scranton, and one is on Ocracoke Island. Fire stations
are staffed with approximately 40 volunteer firemen.
The Sheriff's Department provides protective services for
Hyde County and is staffed with approximately eight officers who
serve both the mainland and Ocracoke Island.
Also, there are two highway patrolmen assigned to Hyde
County, two game wardens, and three Division of Marine Fisheries
Enforcement Officers.
40
1

J
E. ESTIMATED DEMAND
Population
According to projections in Tables 1 and 5, Hyde County can
anticipate a population of 6,306 persons by 1990. This projec-
tion, provided by the North Carolina Office of State Budget and
Management, would be an increase of 293 persons over the 1985
population projection for the County. This growth rate (4.64
percent) does not imply that rapid growth is likely to occur in
the County within the next ten years.
Most of the new mainland residents will likely continue the
growth trends in the Currituck and Swan Quarter Townships. The
293 new persons, at an average household size of 2.7 persons per
household (interpolated from the 1980 U.S. Census), would create
109 new households. These new households would place added
demands upon the County in terms of land and community facilities.
2. Future Land Need
The 1980 population of Hyde County, minus Ocracoke Village,
was 5,215 (see Tables 1 and 3, pages 3 and 5, respectively). The
"Urban and Built-up" acreage in Hyde County (not including the 775
acres in Ocracoke) was 1,985 acres in 1980 (see Table 15, page 15,
this section). The population density in the "Urban and Built-up"
acres on the mainland was 2.62 persons per acre. If the popula-
tion does increase on the mainland by 314 persons in 1990, then an
additional 120 acres of Urban and Built-up land will be needed.
Part of.this additional acreage will be in the form of residential
lots, but additional commercial developments --with proper parking
facilities, etc., can also be expected. If all of the projected
116 families build homes or place mobile homes on one-half acre
lots, then 58 additional acres would be needed for residential use
by 1990. It is unlikely, however, that additional permanent
residential development will deviate from previous patterns. The
scattered, single-family detached dwellings, which are spread
across the County's rural landscape, will probably still be the
dominant permanent residential type. The availability of land
will not be a problem in Hyde County, since in 1984, there were
187,936 acres of forestland in the County.
However, the introduction of a major, planned seasonal
residential community in the County, i.e., the White Plains Marina
hunting club, would have a significant impact on the County's
population density at certain times. At full development, the
proposed 144 two -bedroom units could contain up to 576 people,
nearly 10% of the County's 1985 population.
41 1

3. Community Facilities Need
As noted in the discussion of "Constraints" (Part D, pages 38
through 40, this section), all of the basic services which the
County currently provides, except one, are projected to be ade-
quate throughout the 10-year planning period. The County is
presently seeking funds to upgrade the Fairfield water facility's
pumping capacity up to 450,000 gallons per day. This would make
the Fairfield well the major source of raw water in the County.
Hopefully, the system will be upgraded by mid-1986. The current
daily per capita consumption rate ranges from 33 to 47 gpd. With
an upgraded capacity in Fairfield, combined with 75,000 gpd from
Swan Quarter well, Hyde County would have a total capacity of
450,000. This capacity could support a population of up to 9,042
persons at current consumption rates.
Continued reliance upon septic tanks, however, may cause
problems in areas with unsuitable soils during the period. Some
type of centralized sewage collection and disposal systems may
need to be developed --even if only for the population clusters in
the Currituck and Swan Quarter Townships.
Solid waste disposal, as the population increases, will con-
tinue to be a problem. Because of the County's inability to ob-
tain permits for landfill sites, the current practice of taking
refuse to a landfill may continue to be the most practical method
EMS of disposal during the planning period.
1
1
,1�
Other facilities and services, such as schools, roads,
protective, and emergency services, are projected to be minimally
adequate on the mainland throughout the planning period.
42

F. SUMMARY: SECTION I
This section has focused on analyzing the existing conditions
on Hyde County's mainland, as they may affect the formulation of
land use policy. Various issues which do have policy implications
have been presented in this section. In the following section,
however, specific Policy Statements, as they relate to the issues,
will be presented.
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SECTION II: POLICY STATEMENTS
The formulation of specific policies regarding growth and
management objectives is perhaps the most important part of this
updated Land Use Plan. Those policies must, in some cases, strike
a delicate balance between objectives of the Coastal Resources
Commission and the desires and objectives of the citizens of Hyde
County. Most of the trends identified in the 1981 Plan Update are
still continuing, so in many instances, policies set forth in the
1981 Plan Update will not require modification. As the analysis
of existing conditions showed, these ongoing trends include: a
moderately growing population, a growth in agricultural and tour-
ist economy, and the continuing potential for the mining of peat.
Also, the continual growth and development of Ocracoke Village
could threaten the historic quaintness and charm of this communi-
ty.
The Coastal Resources Commission, recognizing the diversities
which exist among the Coastal counties and communities, required
the County to specify particular development policies under four
rather broad topics in 1981. For the 1986 Update, however, the
CRC has added a fifth issue, i.e., "Storm Hazard Mitigation." In
most cases, policies developed under these topics will cover most
of the local development issues, but in some cases, they do not.
In the latter case, the locality has the flexibility to address
its own locally defined issues. The five required broad topics
are:
-- Resource Protection
-- Resource Production and Management
-- Economic and Community Development
-- Continuing Public Participation
-- Storm Hazard Mitigation
After an analysis of the existing conditions and trends and
input from the County's citizens, the foregoing policies were
developed to provide an overall framework for guiding growth and
development in Hyde County throughout the 10-year planning period.
A. RESOURCE PROTECTION
1. Areas of Environmental Concern: Development Policies. Hyde
County recognizes the primary concern of the Coastal Resources
Commission, in terms of protecting resources, as managing Areas of
Environmental Concern (AEC's). The County also shares this con-
cern for the protection and sound management of these environment-
ally sensitive lands and waters. The AEC's which occur in Hyde
County were identified in Section I of this Plan on pages 18
through 22. All of these areas are within the Estuarine System.
(The ocean hazards AEC's apply only to the ocean side of Ocracoke
Island, which is under federal control as part of the Cape
Hatteras National Seashore, and therefore, not under the County's
jurisdictional control). In terms of developing policies, the
Estuarine System AEC's, which include Coastal Wetlands, Estuarine
44
11

J
i1
1
1
1
I
Waters, Estuarine Shorelines, and Public Trust Areas, will be
treated as one uniform grouping since they are so closely inter-
related. Another reason for grouping these AEC's together is the
fact that the effective use of maps to detail exact on -ground
location of a particular area, pose serious limitations.
Hyde County's overall policy and management objective for the
estuarine system is "to give the highest priority to the protec-
tion and coordinated management of these areas, so as to safeguard
and perpetuate their biological, social, economic, and aesthetic
values and to ensure that development occurring within these AEC's
is compatible with natural characteristics so as to minimize the
likelihood of significant loss of private property and public
resources." (15 NCAC 7H. 0203) In accordance with this overall
objective, Hyde County will permit those land uses which conform
to the general use standards of the North Carolina Administrative
Code (15 NCAC 7H) for development within the Estuarine System.
Generally, only those uses which are water dependent will be per-
mitted. Specifically, each of the AEC's within the Estuarine
System is discussed below, according to definitions derived from
15 NCAC 7H. It should be noted, however, that occasionally
portions of the Administrative Code change, which may affect
definitions and use standards.
a. Coastal Wetlands
In line with the CAMA definitions, Hyde County prefers to use
the term "marshlands" instead of wetlands. "Marshlands" is more
descriptive of the areas included as an Area of Environmental Con-
cern, which are regularly flooded marsh areas often containing
specific marsh plant species. The first priority of uses of land
in these areas should be the allowance of uses which promote con-
servation of the existing marshlands. Second in priority will be
uses which require water access. All acceptable uses such as
utility easements, fishing piers, and docks, will be required to
adhere to the use standards under the North Carolina Administra-
tive Code (15 NCAC 7H). Geographic descriptions of marshlands are
contained on page 18, Section I, of this document.
b. Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shorelines
The importance of the estuarine waters and adjacent estuarine
shorelines in Hyde County was discussed in Section I of this docu-
ment on pages 18 - 22. Hyde County is very much aware that pro-
tection of the estuarine waters and adjacent estuarine shorelines
-- both vital components of the estuarine system -- is of para-
mount importance to fishing, both commercially and for recreation.
Hyde County recognizes that actions within the estuarine
shoreline, which is defined as the area extending 75 feet landward
of the mean high waterline of the estuarine waters, could have a
substantial effect upon the quality of these waters. This area is
subject to erosion and occasional flooding, which could not only
affect the quality of the adjacent estuarine life, but also
45

1
threaten the security of personal property from developments I
located therein.
In order to promote the quality of the estuarine waters as
well as minimize the likelihood of significant property loss due
to erosion or flooding, Hyde County will permit only those uses
which are compatible with both the dynamic nature of the estuarine
shorelines and the values of the estuarine system. Residential,
recreational, and commercial uses may be permitted within the
estuarine shoreline, provided that:
1. a substantial chance of pollution occurring from the
development does not exist;
2. natural barriers to erosion are preserved and not sub-
stantially weakened or eliminated;
3. the construction of impervious surfaces and areas not
allowing natural drainage is limited only to that neces-
sary for development;
4. standards of the North Carolina Sedimentation Pollution
Control Act 1973 are met;
5. development does not have a significant adverse impact on
estuarine resources;
6. development does not significantly interfere with exist-
ing public rights or access to, or use of, navigable
waters or public resources.
c. Public Trust Areas
Hyde County recognizes that the public has certain estab-
lished rights to certain land and water areas. (For definitions
and geographic locations of public trust areas, see pages 20-21,
Section I). These public areas also support valuable commercial
and recreational fisheries, waterfowl hunting, and also contain
significant aesthetic value. Tourism has increased over the years
and is becoming more and more important to the County. Public
trust areas are an important attraction to tourists as well as the
local citizens. Hyde County will promote the conservation and
management of public trust areas. Appropriate uses include those
which protect public rights for navigation and recreation. Proj-
ects which would directly or indirectly block or impair existing
navigation channels, increase shoreline erosion, deposit spoils
below mean high tide, cause adverse water circulation patterns,
violate water quality standards, or cause degradation of shellfish
waters, shall generally not be allowed. Allowable uses shall be
those which do not cause detriment to the physical or biological
functions of public trust areas. Such uses as navigational chan-
nels, drainage ditches, bulkheads to prevent erosion, piers,
docks, or marinas, shall be permitted.
Hyde County does not currently enforce local land use con-
trols such as zoning or subdivision regulations for the mainland
portion of the County. The major controls over development in
Hyde County are the CAMA development permits, septic tank place-
ment regulations, and the County's building permit program. The
46

County, in carrying out its policies on managing development with-
in the AEC's, will continue to support uses which are permitted
under the State Administrative Code. However, it is the belief of
Hyde County that variances to the restrictions of uses within the
AEC's should be permissible on the basis of a case by case review
if an applicant for a proposed development can clearly demonstrate
that no major or irreversible damage would result. To help deter-
mine the "clear demonstration" of no major or irreversible damage,
the County Board of Commissioners will appoint a Development
Review Board. This Board, working with the County Manager, the
local CAMA Implementation and Enforcement Officer, and the Build-
ing Inspector, shall review each proposal for development within
an AEC or natural or cultural resource area. The Board shall
report its findings and recommendations to the County Board of
Commissioners. The commissioners shall notify the appropriate
State and/or Federal review and permit agencies of the County's
position.
2. Development in Areas with Constraints
The constraints to development in Hyde County were discussed
in Section I (pages 38-40) and relate to both physical constraints
and limitations of community facilities. The physical constraints
include man-made hazards such as the airports, flood prone areas,
soils limitations, and natural and cultural resource fragile
areas.
The high hazard flood areas, i.e., areas susceptible to the
100-year flood, include the majority of Hyde County's land area.
As the attached Map 4 indicates, nearly all of Hyde County is
considered to be in the "Zone A" category, according to prelimi-
nary Flood Insurance Rate maps prepared by the Federal Emergency
Management Agency. However, there is a substantial area of Zone
"C," i.e., minimally flooded area, in the northwestern part of the
County. The areas with the highest risk appear to be the immedi-
ate estuarine shoreline areas and interior lowland swamp areas.
Again, since most of the County is flood prone, it is not realis-
tic that all development should be prohibited from these areas.
Estuarine erosion areas, as a physical constraint to develop-
ment, are closely related to the high hazard flood areas. Soils
limitations for development are also nearly a County -wide phenome-
non. Most of the soil types have limited permeability or too
rapid permeability, making septic tank placement a problem. Also,
the excessive spreads of muck or silt -type soils and peat -type
soils, cannot support septic tanks nor bear the construction of
heavy structures.
The natural resource fragile areas are closely linked with
the previously identified AEC's and the cultural resource fragile
areas were discussed on page 35. Existing community facilities,
i.e., solid waste collection, etc., do not pose a serious con-
straint to development. Water, however, may pose a constraint.
47

a. Policy Alternatives
,
Possible policy alternatives regarding managing growth and
development in areas with identified constraints include:
1. Develop local regulations to include strict design stan-
dards, and/or appoint a local Development Review Board.
2. Develop and adopt additional regulations such as a Zoning
Ordinance and pursue participation in the regular phase
of the National Flood Insurance Program (including adop-
tion of a Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance). These
devices will help regulate or prohibit all development in
areas with identified physical constraints.
3. Permit development in areas with constraints, utilizing
current state, federal and local regulatory processes,
i.e., CAMA, flood insurance, and Corps of Engineers 404
permits, and where adequate protective measures have been
taken.
b. Policy Choices
Hyde County adopts the following policies regarding develop-
ment in areas with constraints.
1. A Development Review Board will be appointed by the Board
of Commissioners to review development proposals in
sensitive areas. (See page 47.)
2. Development will be permitted in some areas subject to
erosion, provided proposals comply with provisions out-
lined for development within the estuarine shorelines.
3. Hyde County realizes the inevitability of some develop-
ment occurring in high hazard flood areas, because of the
availability of soils suitable for septic tank placement.
Therefore, the County will continue to participate in the
National Flood Insurance Program and promote enforcement
through the County Building Inspection Program. Proposed
developments which are not otherwise damaging to AEC's
may be permitted, provided protective measures which
comply with flood insurance requirements are imposed.
4. Development in areas where soil types have limited bear-
ing capacity will not be encouraged.
5. In areas with possible septic tank limitations, Hyde
County will remain committed to decisions rendered by the
Health Department's Sanitarian.
6. The County will not encourage residential or commercial
development within airport approach zones.
48 1

C. Implementation Schedule
1. The County will support the State CAMA permit process
where applicable.
2. The County will continue support of the federal Flood
Insurance Program.
3. The County will continue to support enforcement and per-
mit authority of the County Sanitarian concerning the
placement of septic tanks.
3. Hurricane and Flood Evacuation Needs and Plans
tAn entire section within the Policy Statement discussions is
included separately for hurricane and flood evacuation, as well as
storm mitigation of post -storm redevelopment policies, beginning
on page 64.
4. Other Resource Protection Policy Areas
There are some additional resource protection issues which
are required to be addressed by the CAMA planning guidelines, some
of which have lesser definition in Hyde County than in some other
coastal areas. These areas, along with relevant policy discussion
and statements, are included below:
a. Protection of Potable Water Supply
As discussed in Section 1, page 38, Hyde County's water
distribution system currently is based on groundwater drawn
through wells located at Fairfield and Swan Quarter as the main
supply source. It was also noted that the Swan Quarter facilities
have experienced problems because of chloride intrusion and that
the water supply and distribution system needs to be expanded.
Because of the past problems of chloride intrusion, the County
plans to develop wells tapping groundwater in the northwestern
part of the County, near Ponzer. The County is aware that
inappropriate land uses near well fields increase the possibility
of well contamination. Land uses near groundwater sources are
regulated by the North Carolina Division of Environmental
Management through N.C.A.C., Subchapter 2L and Subchapter 2C.
Hyde County recognizes the importance of protecting potable water
supplies and therefore supports the enforcement of these
regulations.
b. Use of Package Treatment Plants
Since there is no centralized sewer service in the County, it
may become necessary to develop additional small package treatment
systems in order to accommodate certain types of development in
outlying areas. (Several package treatment plants already operate
in Hyde County.) This development may be residential, commercial,
or industrial. It shall be the policy of Hyde County to continue
49

to allow such package plants if they can be constructed within the
overall intent of this plan and meet other federal and state
environmental regulations.
c. Stormwater Runoff Associated with Agriculture, Residential
Development, Phosphate or Peat Mining, and Its Impact on
Coastal Wetlands, Surface Waters, or Other Fragile Areas
Stormwater runoff is basically the same issue.as surface
drainage in Hyde County. Policies on surface drainage are
addressed in other areas of this Plan. (See Part B, this section,
"Resource Production and Management Policies", for policies relat-
ing to agriculture, [B.1], residential development [B.61, and peat
mining [B.3], and discussion of related impacts. Phosphate mining
is currently not an issue in Hyde County.
d. Marina and Floating Home Development
The development of marinas has significant commercial and
recreational potential in Hyde County. Therefore, the County
supports the development of marinas, in compliance with existing
environmental regulations. The County believes that additional
studies of the County's needs are required in order to indicate
possible sizes or locations of marinas. (Also, see Part C A ,
"Redevelopment of Developed Areas", Section II). Although so-
called "floating homes" have not been an issue or problem in Hyde
County, this issue might become important in the future. If and
when it does, Hyde County will develop policies which are most
appropriate at the time.
e. Industrial Impacts on Fragile Areas
Part C.1, "Types and Locations of Desired Industry", contains
specific policy statements on industry. (See pages 57-59).
f. Development of Sound and Estuarine System Islands
There appear to be one of two small estuarine system islands '
in Hyde County's jurisdiction, i.e., Hog Island near Swan Quarter
Bay, and one near Ocracoke Island. These islands can likely be
characterized as natural fragile areas. It is the County's policy
that these areas should be protected from any environmentally
adverse development.
g. Other Hazardous or Fragile Areas
Other areas of the County which might be considered "fragile"
include non-CAMA "404 wetlands," as determined and regulated by
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Hyde County recognizes the
presence of such areas within the County, and as a general policy
supports the enforcement of 404 regulations by the Corps of
Engineers.
50 A

Another type
of "hazard" which
should also be addressed in
this Land Use Plan
Update is the presence
of and proposed expan-
sion of military
airspace and the
attendant restrictions it places
on the County.
The County has serious
concerns about the expan-
sion of military
airspace and does
not support such expansions.
Hyde County has
gone on record in
voicing its concern to the
Federal Aviation
Administration.
(See Appendix 2.)
h. Cultural
Resources
n
I
1
Hyde County is aware of the increasing importance of its cul-
tural and historical heritage and the need to enhance and protect
such valuale resources. The "Lost Village of Pomeiooc" and any
future such discoveries are examples. As a matter of policy, the
County believes that no development which could threaten, damage,
or destroy valuable historic, cultural, archaeological, or
architectural resources should be permitted.
51

B. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES
Appropriate management of productive resources is very
important to any locality. However, in Hyde County, the produc-
tive resources are intricately tied to the predominant economic
sectors of the County which makes the necessity of balanced man-
agement policies of paramount importance. The major productive
resources to be considered relate to agriculture, commercial
forestry, commercial and recreational fisheries, hunting, and peat
mining.
1. Agriculture
Agriculture, as discussed under analysis of existing economic
conditions, has been and remains the major element in the County's
economic base and is steadily growing. With its substantial
economic impact upon the County, both in terms of employment and
taxes, agricultural production is of paramount importance to Hyde*
County. The importance of farming and its supportive activities
such as proper land clearing and development of adequate drainage
facilities, cannot be overestimated in Hyde County. Executive
Order 96, "Conservation of Prime Agricultural and Forest Lands",
was supposed to have led to the identification of "prime areas,"
in both agriculture and forestry, by the soil and water conserva-
tion districts. However, this identification has not occurred in
r
Hyde County.
a. Policy Alternatives
Possible policy alternatives include:
1. Developing local regulations to restrict land clearing
activities.
2. Monitoring land clearing by requiring local "clearance
permits."
3. Encouraging farmers to develop crops which require fewer
drainage activities.
4. Continue to support maintenance of existing drainage
rights -of -way and encourage all new drainage to empty
directly into the Pamlico Sound, or freshwater bodies.
b. Policy Choices
Because of its continuing importance to the County's economy,
Hyde County will not seek to impose severe restrictions on agri-
cultural production through drainage controls. However, the
County is aware of some of the negative effects of poor or impro-
perly managed drainage activities. Therefore, Hyde County adopts
the following policy positions.
52 1
l

I 1. The County will continue to support the maintenance of
existing drainage rights -of -way for farm drainage,
including the use of the County -wide Agricultural Drain-
age Permit process.
2. Hyde County will continue to support the clearing of land
for agricultural uses.
3. The County will encourage, as much as feasible, drainage
to empty directly into the Pamlico Sound, or freshwater
bodies.
4. Hyde County will continue to support State and Federal
programs which promote stabilization of productive
agricultural land.
C. Implementation Schedule
The County will seek assistance from State and Federal agen-
cies to help identify most "productive" agricultural lands. Also,
the County will request assistance from the U. S. Soil Conserva-
tion Serrvice to help identify feasible ways of redirecting exist-
ing drainage and guiding new drainage directly into the Pamlico
Sound, or freshwater bodies.
2. Commercial Forestry
The importance of this sector of the County's economy is
recognized by Hyde County. The County also recognizes the rela-
tionship between commercial forestry and agricultural products.
For example, some of the current land clearing activities initial-
ly results in income from timber products. Eventually, much of
the land is drained in order to develop productive agricultural
land. As agricultural land increases, forestry income declines.
This is particularly true when the transfer of land use is from
commercial forest to cropland. The economic importance of commer-
cial forestry in Hyde County is likely to continue throughout the
1 next 10 years. The County generally supports the maintenance of
its commercial forestlands in line with its support of productive
agricultural land.
a. Policy Alternatives
1. The County could encourage the maintenance of its
most productive commercial forests by discouraging
non-commercial land clearing except for agricultural
land development.
2. The County could seek to identify its most productive
areas and classify the areas as "conservation" on the
Land Classification Map for long-term maintenance.
I - 53

b. Policy Choice
1. The County will encourage and support the maintenance
of its most productive commercial forests by discour-
aging land clearing except for commercial purposes or
the development of productive agricultural lands.
c. Implementation Schedule
1. Leave the existing process as is.
2. Encourage the Regional Soil and Water Conservation
District to identify prime forestlands by FY 87, so
that these areas can be mapped.
3. Continue to support State Clearinghouse review of the
impact of development projects on prime forestlands.
3. 'Mining Resource Areas
The County still has vast, virtually untapped peat reserves,
as noted in the 1981 Land Use Plan Update. Proposals at that time
to develop peat mines did not materialize. However, the potential
is very much still there. If peat resources could be mined, the
economic impact upon the County could be substantial. The ad
valorem tax base could receive a generous boost; greatly needed
semi -skilled and unskilled jobs could be created, and, possible
"spin-off" support industries and commercial facilities could
develop. Currently (as of the writing of this report), substan-
tial discussion has been generated because of the proposed large-
scale peat mining operations at White Tail Farms. Of central
concern is the potential for added runoff of surface water and
subsequent effects. The State Environmental Management Commission
has adopted special "runoff" standards for peat mining, which
basically requires that all mining operations be conducted so that
"natural" drainage of the site is maintained. Potential mining
companies will have to submit a "water management plan" prior to
receiving a discharge permit.
a. Policy Alternatives
1. The County could adopt local ordinances regulating
the mining of peat and requiring certain safeguards
to be imposed.
r,
2. Not develop any local ordinances at this time, but
rely solely on State and Federal regulatory enforce-
ments, i.e., National Environment Protection Act of
1969, along with the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts
enforced by the State Division of Environmental
Management, the State mining permit provisions, and
the 404 wetlands permit process, enforced by the
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers.
54

I
b. Policy Choice
1. The County supports the eventual mining of peat
resources in Hyde County consistent with State and
Federal environmental regulations in order to miti-
gate possible adverse impacts upon environmentally
sensitive areas.
C. Implementation Schedule
1. Continue to rely on State and Federal enforcement
provisions and activities.
4. Commercial and Recreational Fisheries
The productive water bodies in and around Hyde County have
been valuable contributors to the local economy as well as provid-
ed many opportunities for recreational fishing. With increasing
annual catches over the last several years, it appears that com-
mercial fishing has the potential to expand in Hyde County. It
is, therefore, very important to protect the water quality of
productive fishing areas. In recent years, concern has been rais-
ed by commercial fishermen along North Carolina's Coast and the
State Division of Marine Fisheries, that freshwater runoff
(particularly from agricultural drainage) has been detrimental to
estuarine waters by altering the salinity content. Concern also
has been raised because of incidences of fecal coliform showing up
in primary shell -fishing waters and forcing the "closing" of such
waters. Hyde County would like to see water quality in all of the
productive water bodies improved.
a. Policy Alternatives
1._ Seek to develop impositions, prohibiting the clearing
of additional land, and thereby reducing the extent
of freshwater runoff.
2. Not impose local restrictions on additional land
clearing, but rely on the 404 permit process and
enforcement of septic tank placement regulations,
particularly in areas with unsuitable soils and high
erosion areas.
3. Seek funding assistance to develop artificial reefs
in the Pamlico Sound to attract fish, and thereby
enhance commercial and recreational opportunities
in the County.
b. Policy Choices
1. The County does not believe that it is necessary to
limit either land clearing or unnecessarily restrict
agricultural drainage. The 404 permit process and
55
ri

other environmental regulations are viewed as being
sufficient in limiting the amount of land cleared.
2. The County will support enforcement of septic tank
placement regulations by the Health Department and
the Soil Conservation Service, to minimize the like-
lihood of effluent from septic systems in unsuitable
soils contaminating fishing waters.
3. The County will apply for funds through the N. C.
Division of Marine Fisheries' Reef Development Pro-
gram in FY 87 in order to develop artificial reefs in
selected locations along the Pamlico Sound. The
reefs should attract fish and enhance commercial and
sports fishing in Hyde County.
C. Implementation Schedule
1. Continue to support enforcement of existing regula-
tory provisions as outlined in b. above.
5. Off -Road Vehicles
The primary area where off -road vehicles would be of concern
is on Ocracoke Island in the Cape Hatteras National Seashore Area.
This area, as stated previously, is under the management and con-
trol of the U. S. Park Service. Nevertheless, off -road vehicles
are important in some sections of Hyde County because of the
necessity for landowners to travel in swampy areas on private
property. However, since improper use of off -road vehicles in
these areas could possibly damage natural ragile areas, it is the
general practice to travel only on existing trails. The use of
these vehicles is acceptable in such cases.
6.- Residential and Commercial Land Development
Hyde County, as discussed under sections of this report
analyzing existing population and economic trends, is very sparse-
ly populated and has one of the lowest County per capita incomes
in North Carolina. The 1980 population census indicated that the
trend of population loss for the County was being supplanted by a
growth trend. Hyde County is not in a "rapid growth" situation
and does not suffer the potentially related pressures resulting
from increased residential, commercial, or industrial uses of
land. Besides the limitations presented in other policy discus-
sions in this report (particularly those relating to protection of
sensitive natural and cultural resources), Hyde County views
itself as being in a position to accommodate growth and develop-
ment. For instance, the proposed White Plains project, which will
involve the construction of condominiums in the White Plains
Marina area, as well as the provision of water and development of
wastewater treatment, is a recent example. Also, other -areas in
the County have the potential for transitioning to higher density,
more intense land uses.
56 1

Additional development, particularly commercial and industrial
development, is regarded as desirable because of the important
local revenue and employment generating impacts. The other policy
statements regarding resource protection adequately voice -the
County's concerns regarding these resources. However, land deve-
lopment, whether for residential, commercial, industrial or peat
mining uses, and in conformance with existing regulatory controls
will be encouraged in Hyde County.
A more detailed discussion of the specific types of develop-
ment along with relevant policy statements are included in the
following section, "Economic and Community Development Policies".
C. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT POLICIES
The analysis of overall existing conditions and trends for
this 1986 Update of the Hyde County Land Use Plan did not show any
alarming trends which would drastically alter general economic and
community development policies contained in the 1981 Plan. How-
ever, some relevant trends which have been identified include:
-- Population growth in the County;
-- Increase in the unemployment rate, indicating a need for
expanded job opportunities;
-- Growth and stability of the County's three basic resource
extraction economic activities, i.e., farming, fishing,
and forestry;
�` -- Continuing potential for the mining of peat in Hyde
County;
-- Continuing decline of the existing conventional housing
stock.
Hyde County is very much concerned about the future growth in
economic and community development. As the population gradually
increases, the economic base will need to expand, more housing
will be needed and increased, although relatively minor, pressures
will be placed on community facilities. Sound public -.-investment
decisions will also have_to be made. All o tthese issues and
others are --important in the formulation of land use policies.
Particular issue areas and policy statements are discussed below.
1. Types and Locations of Desired Industry
Hyde County has an intense need for increased job opportun-
ities for many of its unemployed and underemployed citizens.
Industrial development could provide these opportunities as well
as expand the County's tax base.
Hyde County would like to see industry developed which could
tak` a adv_antage_o_fexisting natural_resources._and/_or-expand__upon
the current three major 'industries in the County. Industries such
as seafood processing, food canneries, paper and wood manufacture,
and marine -related industries might be considered desirable as
long as the integrity of environmentally sensitive areas could be
57

assured of maintenance and stability. Also, other low -pollution,
light manufacturing and/or assembly industries would be
desirable.
a. Locations and Standards
The County would like to see industry locate, if feasible, in
industrial parks which could be developed in suitable locations in
the County. However, because of soil and other limitations, indi-
vidual plant sites may be more feasible. All industrial prospects
will be required to comply with general development standards
which are designed to protect environmentally sensitive areas,
including:
1. Providing an assessment of the impact of the develop-
ment of the industry and be required to use the best
available technology to avoid pollution of air or
water during construction or operation.
2. Be located on land having stable, well -drained soils.
The sites should be located in areas adequately pro-
tected from flooding and be accessible to existing
public utilities and transportation routes.
Some industries such as boat or ship maintenance and repair,
may need to be close to water areas, or have adequate water
access.
b. Policy Alternatives
Possible policy alternatives concerning industrial develop-
ment in Hyde County include:
1. the development of an active industrial recruiting
program within the County;
2. conducting studies to see which industry types may
want to locate in the County, and assessing possible
environmental impacts; and
3. seeking funding and technical assistance to develop
industrial parks within the County.
c. Policy Choices
As Hyde County recognizes the need for economic expansion and
the fact that industrial development can greatly enhance this
expansion, the County hereby adopts the following position. '
1. The County will seek to develop an active industrial
recruitment program, seeking low -pollution, light
manufacturing industries. The County Finance Officer
will coordinate this activity.
58

I
2. Hyde County will seek technical assistance and finan-
cial help to develop at least one industrial park, to
be located near the airport at Engelhard.
j3. The County believes that all industrial prospects
should be given a fair, case -by -case assessment in
order to carefully compare possible economic benefits
with possibly negative environmental effects.
4. The County will provide, as much as is locationally
and economically feasible, basic support services
such as water and sewer, if possible, to newly
locating industries.
d. Implementation Schedule
The County will establish more active contact with the
State's industrial development representative for the region.
The County will actively explore funding assistance to develop an
industrial park near the airport at Engelhard.
*- 2. Local Commitment to Service Provisions
Currently, the major service to development provided by the
County is water. The water service area generally includes those
areas around Swan Quarter, Fairfield, Engelhard, Sladesville,
Ponzer, and Scranton.
Hyde County is committed to providing basic services such as
water and, where feasible, sewer, to serve increased development
in the County, particularly prospective industrial development, in
those areas most suited for development. As development occurs
and the local tax base expands accordingly, slightly higher levels
of county -provided services can be provided.
a. Policy Alternatives
1. Do not encourage the provision of services for new
development in an attempt to keep things as they
are.
2. Encourage extension and expansion of needed services
as much as feasible, to accommodate new residential,
commercial, or industrial development.
b. Policy Choice
1. Hyde County will remain committed to providing needed
services, as economically feasible, to accommodate
new residential, commercial, and industrial develop-
ment in the County.
1 59

C. Implementation Schedule
1. The County will work throughout the period to encour-
age the provision of services where needed, and as
feasible, for new development.
3. Desired Urban Growth Patterns
Although, as noted previously, there are community clusters
in the County, there is no area on the mainland that resembles an
"urban", i.e., dense or compact pattern. Even the cluster commu-
nities are widely separated, spaced out along U. S. 264, and major
paved secondary routes. This type of development pattern, which
consists mostly of low -to -moderate income single-family homeown-
ers, some scattered mobile homes on individual lots, and scattered
commercial developments, is likely to continue in Hyde County.
There are no subdivision communities currently in the County. As
the population on the mainland increases, as it is projected to do
through 1995, the areas with the water service will likely take in
this growth. The conditions of the soils and the absence of a
central sewage facility in the County present serious constraints
to increased development. Nevertheless, as some residents who
formerly migrated in search of job opportunities return, and as
more and more of the younger people decide to remain in the'
County, the demand for adequate sewage disposal will gradually
increase.
Although the County has -participated in three separate Commu-
nity Development Block Grant Programs aimed at rehabilitating many
substandard dwelling units, there is still a significant portion
of the population residing in substandard housing. Since incomes
are generally low in the County, there will be a need throughout
the next 10 years for lower income housing. However, as of the
writing of this report, the cost of housing, particularly
financing, is steadily increasing. The definition of what consti-
tutes "lower income" housing during the planning period may be a
subject of local, state and national debate. An important
consideration in the total cost of housing is the location and
availability of basic services such as water and sewer. Since
there is no central sewer in the County, the location of water
services, as a factor in housing location, becomes all the more
crucial. This is a factor which is recognized by Hyde County.
Another trend in the County possibly affecting urban growth
patterns is the increasing number of mobile homes. Although
mostly scattered on individual lots, mobile homes have established
themselves as a viable housing alternative for many residents and
the County may wish to plan for the eventuality of mobile home
parks.
The proposed project, "Lake Landing Condominiums at White
Plains Marina," will introduce 144 2-bedroom units. The County
will encourage such high -density development if community services
are adequate to support such a development.
60

as a matter of policy, continue to support and promote tourism,
both on the mainland and on Ocracoke. On Ocracoke, the County
supports the development of public waterfront access facilities in
the Village.
9. Density of Development
Overly dense development is not a problem in Hyde County, nor
is anticipated to become a problem during the period covered by
this plan update. With an anticipated population growth of 293
persons between 1985 and 1995, (an increase of 4.8% over the 1985
estimate), the rate of growth will not push developed densities to
unacceptable levels.
10. Land Use Trends
The overall land use trends, as have been discussed in other
sections of this report, include continuing, although at a slower
rate, land clearing activities; continued emphasis on agricultural
uses of land, and increasing, although not dramatically, water-
front residential development. The projected land use changes are
not anticipated to be causes for alarm in Hyde County. Continued
enforcement and coordination, of existing local, state, and
federal land use regulations, i.e., through CAMA, Corps of
Engineers, 404 process, sanitary regulations, and building inspec-
tions program, are adequate to help assure orderly growth and
development in the County.
D. CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION POLICIES
Hyde County recognizes that an important element in develop-
ing and implementing any local policies or plans regarding the use
of land in the County, is involvement of the County's citizenry.
From the initial stages of development of this 1986 update of the
County's CAMA Land Use Plan, Hyde County has sought to provide
open opportunities for citizen input. A "Public Participation
Plan" was developed for the plan updating process, outlining the
methodology for citizen involvement. (See Appendix 3.) The plan
stated that public involvement on both the mainland and Ocracoke
was to be generated primarily through two Land Use Planning
Advisory Committees appointed by the County Board of Commissioners,
and through "public information" meetings, advertised in local
newspapers and open to the general public. The Land Use Planning
Advisory Committees' meetings also were open to the general
public. In all, a total of 15 work sessions and/or public meet-
ings were held, i.e., seven on the mainland and eight on Ocracoke.
Two meetings each on the mainland and in Ocracoke (a total of
four), were advertised in local newspapers as "public" information
meetings soliciting citizens' input. Specific meeting dates were
as follows: Mainland; November 6, 1985; February 12, March 13,
April 10, May 1, May 29 (preliminary draft presented to
Commissioners on June 16), all in 1986; Ocracoke; November 7,
November 18, 1985; February 13, March 12, April 9, May 28, and
June 4, 1986. Final work sessions were held November 19, 1986, on
64

viding spoil sites. The County will remain committed to providing
such assistance.
7. Energy Facilities Siting
In Hyde County, the siting or location of energy facilities
relates almost solely to peat mining, as noted in the 1981 Plan
Update. The nature of peat mining is such that there is little
choice about particular extraction sites. Peat mining, like
strip -coal mining, must be done where the mineral is located. It
is always an on -site operation, yet the conversion or processing
of it can occur somewhere else. The County believes that off -site
processing should not occur in environmentally sensitive or
hazardous areas, or in any area where it is known that major or
irreparable environmental damage will result. The County also
believes that any land disturbed as a mining site should be
reclaimed as much as possible.
8. Tourism and Waterfront Access
As discussed under the economic analysis section, tourism has
historically had a significant impact upon Hyde County's economy.
Tourism is a growing sector of Hyde County's economy and the
County would like to protect and enhance those attractions and
related facilities which help make tourism effective. The con-
tinued operation of the ferry services, particularly when the
number of annual passengers is considered, is obviously crucial to
a sustained tourist economy on Ocracoke. On the mainland, the
waterfowl, deer, and other small game hunting, sportsfishing, and
wildlife observations, do not depend upon the ferry. Neverthe-
less, these activities also add to the County's economy. On both
the mainland and on Ocracoke, waterfront access is an important
aspect for both tourists and citizens as well. On the mainland,
access appears to be generally adequate, with about 10 private
boat ramps and two public ramps. The 10 private ramps charge a
nominal launching fee and are utilized mostly by sports fishermen.
These are mostly of concrete construction and some have a few
parking spaces. On Ocracoke, however, there are no public access
ramps.
Since the County receives revenue from the State on the basis
of total retail sales, the vitality of Ocracoke's economy is
important to the County as a whole. Any reduction in the ferry
services could have a negative impact upon the County's economy.
Also, the provision of public waterfront access facilities is a
real need in Ocracoke Village.
As a matter of policy alternatives, the County could continue
to support tourism by seeking to develop increased opportunities
on the mainland. The County could also request that the State not
reduce ferry services to Ocracoke, which would have negative rami-
fications for both the Village's and the mainland's economy.
Tourism in Hyde County, as in other coastal counties, is vital.
The policy alternatives are limited. Therefore, the County will,
63
F

f +
a. Policy Alternatives
1. Seeking funding through the State -administered Small
Cities Community Development Block Grant Program to
establish a housing improvements program in needed
areas.
b. Policy Choices
1. Hyde County would like to see redevelopment/rehabili-
tation. activities occur in such communities where
there are concentrations of substandard housing
conditions.
C. Implementation Schedule
1. In FY 87, Hyde County will apply for Community
Development Block Grant funding.
5. Commitment to State and Federal Programs
Hyde County is generally receptive to State and Federal
j
programs, particularly those which provide improvements to the
County. The County will continue to fully support such programs.
The North Carolina Department of Transportation road and bridge
improvement programs are very important to Hyde County.
Examples of other State and Federal programs which are impor-
tant to and supported by Hyde County include: drainage planning
and erosion control activities carried out by the U.S.D.A. Soil
Conservation Service, which is valuable to farmers; dredging and
channel maintenance by the-U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; continued
ferry service to and from Ocracoke; and Federal and State projects
which provide efficient and safe boat access for sports fishing.
All of these programs and others are important to Hyde
County, and the County is committed to their continued support.
6. Assistance to Channel Maintenance
Proper maintenance of channels is very important in Hyde
r
County, mainly because of the substantial economic impact of com-
mercial fisheries. Commercial fishing is increasing in the
County. If silt or other deposits fill in the channels, this
could impede efficient docking of the commercial vessels. With
adequate channel maintenance, Hyde County could begin to make more
utilization of its extensive waterways for water transportation
purposes. Since there are no railroads in the County, water
transportation (particularly along the Intracoastal Waterway)
could be useful for bulk shipments in the County. The County is
quite aware of this situation. Hyde County provides assistance to
the Corps and State officials by either helping to obtain or pro-
62

a. Policy Alternatives
1. Hyde County could encourage the continuation of
existing rural cluster community patterns.
2. The County could discourage a duplication and contin-
uation of the existing development patterns by adopt-
ing a Zoning Ordinance which could prohibit areas
with identified limitations (soils, or presence of
AECs, for example) from developing.
3. Adopt and develop a Mobile Home Park Ordinance to
establish design standards for mobile home parks
which may eventually be proposed in the County.
b. Policy Choices
1. The existing rural cluster communities are a long
established residential pattern in Hyde County, and
will not be discouraged by the County. However, the
County will not encourage "new" developments in areas
with identified limitations such as soils or proxi-
mity to AEC's; specifically, the County will not
extend water service to such areas. However,
redevelopment, or rehabilitation activities are
viewed as being acceptable.
2. The County does not deem it necessary to adopt a
Zoning Ordinance at this time, but will consider the
development of a draft Mobile Home Park Ordinance to
establish design standards for mobile home parks.
C. Implementation Schedule
1. Obtain assistance in developing a draft Mobile Home
Park Ordinance in FY 87.
j4. Redevelopment of Developed Areas
11
The only area worthy of consideration under this issue in
Hyde County is the area around Silver Lake on Ocracoke Island.
Policy discussions for Ocracoke are contained in Part II of this
update. As noted previously, however, the County has operated
several projects under the HUD -sponsored Community Development
Block Grant Program, including housing rehabilitation, drainage
improvements, and construction of a community building and fire
station. A substantial number of substandard dwellings, notably
around the Lake Landing and Fairfield Townships, remain in the
County. As block grant funds are available, Hyde County will
continue to apply for such funds in order to help alleviate the
substandard housing conditions of many of its low and moderate -
income citizens..
61

1
11
1
the mainland, and November 26, 1986, in Ocracoke to review CRC
comments to preliminary drafts.
In order to continue providing citizens an awareness of the
land use planning process, all of the regular meetings of the
Board of Commissioners will be announced in local newspapers..
It is the belief of the Hyde County Board of Commissioners
that all citizens be afforded adequate opportunities to partici-
pate in the governmental and planning decisions which affect them.
Therefore, citizens' input will continue to be solicited, prima-
rily through the Board of Commissioners with advertised and
adequately publicized -public meetings held to discuss special land
use issues, and to keep citizens informed.
65

E. Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery, and
Evacuation Plans
The entire North Carolina Coastal region, including Hyde
County, faces strong threats of damage each year from hurricanes,
Northeasters, or other major storms. For nearly 20 years, there
was a marked "slowdown", or "lull", in hurricane activity along
the State's coast. Predictions were that a major storm could
strike the State at any time during the hurricane season, since
such a storm was "long overdue". And then, in September, 1984,
the "waiting" ended. Hurricane Diana, with some of the strongest
sustained winds ever recorded, rammed into the Southeast coast
near Wilmington. Although damage was extensive, the potential
destruction was much greater and the damage would have been great-
ly escalated had the storm hit land at a slightly different loca-
tion. Again, a little over a year later in late September, 1985,
coastal North Carolina faced another serious threat from Hurricane
Gloria. Fortunately, this storm veered off the coast, took a
northerly turn, and left no more than a good drenching for some
areas. For two consecutive years, the State and the coastal areas
were relatively fortunate. But what about next time?
Notice the excerpt below from, Before the Storm: Managing
Development to Reduce Hurricane Damages, McElyea, Brower, &
Godschalk, 1982, concerning development in coastal communities:
"At the same time, development along the coast has
grown by leaps and bounds. Unless this development is
wisely located and built to withstand hurricane forces,
North Carolina's coastal communities will face massive
destruction. Local governments, as the primary protect-
ors of the public health, safety, and general welfare,
have a responsibility to reduce the risk of property
damages and loss of life attending coastal development.
They also have a responsibility to ensure that recon-
struction following a major storm can occur quickly and
leave the community safer from disaster in the future.
These are the goals of hazard mitigation and reconstruc-
tion planning." (p.iii)
The purpose of this section of the 1986 CAMA Land Use Plan
Update, is to assist Hyde County in managing development in
potentially hazardous areas through establishing hazard mitigation
policies and to reduce the risks associated with future hurricanes
by developing post -disaster reconstruction/recovery policies, and
reviewing the adequacy of current evacuation plans. The -overrid-
ing concept of this exercise is simply "planning ahead of time."
"Hazard mitigation includes any activity which
reduces the probability that a disaster will occur or
minimizes the damage caused by a disaster. Hazard miti-
gation includes not only managing devlopment, but also
66

evacuation planning and other measures to reduce losses
of life and property. Reconstruction involves the full
range of repair activities in the wake of a disaster
which seek to return the community to a "normal" level
of operations." (McElyea, Brower, & Godschalk, p. iii).
With this introduction, the following pages will present the
1 storm hazard mitigation and post -disaster recovery policies, and
review of the existing evacuation plan along with appropriate
discussions and maps.
1. Storm Hazard Mitigation: Discussion
Hazard mitigation, or actions taken to reduce the probability
or impact of a disaster could involve a number of activities or
policy decisions. The starting point, however, is to identify the
types of hazards (including the relative severity and magnitude of
risks), and the extent of development (including residential,
commercial, etc.) located in storm hazard areas.
Hurricanes are extremely powerful, often unpredictable forces
of nature. The two most severe effects are fatalities and pro-
perty damage, which are usually the result of four causes: high
winds, flooding, wave action, and erosion, each of which are
discussed briefly below.
a. High Winds
High winds are the major determinants of a hurricane, by
definition, i.e., a tropical disturbance with sustained winds of
at least 73 miles per hour. Extreme hurricanes can have winds of
up to 165 miles per hour, with gusts up to 200 miles per hour.
These winds circulate around the center or "eye" of the storm.
Although the friction or impact of the winds hitting land from the
water causes some dissipation of the full force, there is still a
tremendous amount of energy left to cause damage to buildings,
overturn mobile homes, fell trees and powerlines, and destroy
crops. Also, tornadoes can often be spawned by hurricane wind
patterns. Wind stress is an important consideration in storm
hazard mitigation planning. Because of a hurricane's size and
power, it is likely that all of Hyde County would be subject to
the same wind velocity in the event of a storm.
b. Flooding
Flooding, on the other hand, may not affect all areas with
equal intensity. The excessive amounts of rainfall and the "storm
surge" which often accompany hurricanes can cause massive coastal
and riverine flooding causing excessive property damage and deaths
by drownings. (More deaths are caused by drowning than any other
cause in hurricanes.) Flooding is particularly a problem in ocean
coastal areas because of the storm surge and low-lying areas.
However, flooding can cause extensive damage in inland areas also,
67

since many coastal areas have low elevations and are located in
high hazard or "Zone A" flood areas according to the Federal
Emergency Management Agency Maps. (See "Note" below.)
According to a recently published preliminary flood insurance
study for Hyde County, prepared by the Federal Emergency Manage-
ment Agency (FEMA), dated April 19, 1985, the "dominant source of
flooding in Hyde County is storm surge generated in the Atlantic
,
Ocean by tropical storms and hurricanes. In addition, this surge
propagates into Pamlico Sound and further propagates into Pamlico
River, Lake Matamuskett and a multitude of small watercourses
where high winds associated with tropical storms can produce high
waves" (p.4, Flood Insurance Study). Based on recent preliminary
flood insurance maps prepared for Hyde County, nearly all of the
County is classified as being in the 100-year "high hazard" flood
zone, or Zone A. (There is, however, an extensive area of "Zone
C," i.e., minimally flooded area, in the west part of the County.)
Because of low elevation, nearly all of the County would be sub-
ject to flooding during a severe hurricane. (See Map 7,
"Composite Hazards Map," attached.)
"development"
As Map 7 shows, virtually all of the in Hyde
County is in the high hazard Zone A areas.
Flooding cannot only cause damage to buildings, but saltwater
flooding can cause serious damage to croplands, which is what took
place in the Albemarle region in 1954 and 1955 from Hurricanes
Hazel, Connie, Dianne, and Ione (McElyea, Brower, & Godschalk, pp.
2 8, 9). Notice Figure 1 on the following page, which shows only
the northern edge of Hyde County, but still enough to indicate
saltwater flooding in the northeast area, south of the Alligator
River. Freshwater flooding appears to have occurred in other
parts of the County. Consideration of potential flood damage is
important to Hyde County's efforts to develop storm mitigation
policies.
Note: It should be noted here that a special study of overland
flooding from hurricane surges called "SLOSH" (i.e., Sea -Land
Overland Surge from Hurricanes) was in process during the
preparation of this plan udpate. This study, jointly supported by
the National Weather Service, Federal Emergency Management
Administration, Corps of Engineers, and the N.C. Division of
Environmental Management, is to show projected areas of flooding
from hurricanes in the State's coastal counties. Final maps for
Hyde County were not available during plan development.
11
1
68 1
I

FIGURE 1
Flooding in the Albemarle Sound Region from
Hurricanes Hazel, Connie, Diane, and Ione
(1954-1955)
SALT WATER FLOOOINO
�. �.�� FRESH WATER FLOODING
PASQUOTANK �'t �y7 �kj c° WAVE ACTION
.•` F~ MOT[• Willa OAl1A6C 7M40USHOYT A/L• NOT
I U[N [T11 CITT \�,% N101CAT[O.
v � p STATUTE YIIL/ ■ O• T M
SOYNO
tA
A NEE
Source: N. C. Council of Civil Defense, 1955.
1
0
ulor
t
L

c. Wave Action
Damage from wave action is connected very closely to the
storm surge, i.e., wind -driven water with high waves moving to
vulnerable shoreline areas. As the previously cited flood study
noted, "The wave action associated with storm surge can be much
more damaging than the higher water level" (p.4). Areas most
likely to be affected are ocean erodible areas and estuarine
shoreline areas. There are no ocean erodible areas in Hyde
County's jurisdiction (since in Ocracoke, the ocean beaches are
part of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore). However, there are
extensive estuarine shoreline areas (75 feet inland from the mean
high water mark of estuarine waters) in the County. However, wave
action damage would have the most significant impact along the
Pamlico Sound shoreline. As the existing land use map (Map 1,
attached), and the composite hazards map (Map 7, attached) show,
fortunately, there are not significant amounts of residential
development in or near the estuarine shoreline area on the Hyde
County mainland. And even on Ocracoke, there is very little
development immediately adjacent to the Sound. Wave action can
cause erosion as well as push possible flood waters to areas not
reached by the storm surge itself. The estuarine shoreline along
Hyde's riverine shoreline, i.e., Pungo River and the Alligator
River, is sufficiently inland from an open coast so that the wave
energy is dispersed and diffracted.
d. Erosion
The final major consideration in storm hazard mitigation is
severe erosion, caused by high winds, high water, and heavy wave
action. Again, in Hyde County, the area most susceptible to
storm -related erosion is the estuarine shoreline AEC along the
Pamlico Sound. This is essentially the same area potentially
affected by the action of damaging waves and described in part c,
above. Shoreline erosion could lead to loss of property through
portions of waterfront lots being washed into the Sound or even
actual structural damage to buildings. Although most of the
shoreline along the Sound is undeveloped marshlands, erosion
potential is an important factor to consider in developing storm
hazard mitigation policies.
e. Summary: Storm Hazard Mitigation Considerations
In summary, all four of the major damaging forces of a hurri-
cane, i.e., high winds, flooding, wave action, and shoreline ero-
sion could have a potential impact upon Hyde County in the event
of a major storm. The degree of susceptibility to losses and/or
damages was generally alluded to in the previous discussions.
However, Table 19, below, provides a better projection of the
percent of the County's building structures (residential and com-
mercial, etc.), subject to the potentially devastating effects of
a major storm:
70

Table 20: *Percent of Structures Subject to Storm Damage Factors,
Hyde County
Storm Impact Percent Structures Possibly Affected
,
1985 Tax Value (Millions)
1. High winds 100% 195.0
2. Flooding 100% 195.0
3. Wave Action 0% 0.0
4. Shoreline Erosion 0% 0.0
Based on preliminary projections derived from examination of
Existing Land Use Map. Map prepared by Talbert, Cox &
Associates. Tax value provided by County Finance Office.
The information in the Table above is preliminary and is not
intended to convey the impression that every single structure
possibly affected by damaging factors would be affected, only that
the potential is there. Knowing that the potential is there forms
the basis for setting forth storm hazard mitigation policies,
keeping in mind that."mitigate" means actions which may reduce the
probability of disaster, or minimize the damage caused by a disas-
ter (McElyea, Brower, & Godschalk, p. iii).
f. Policy Statements: Storm Hazard Mitigation
In order to minimize the damage potentially caused by the
effects of a hurricane or other major storm, Hyde County proposes
the following policies.
1. High Winds I
Hyde County supports enforcement of the N. C. State
Building Code, particularly requirements of construc-
tion standards to meet wind -resistive factors, i.e.,
"design wind velocity". -The County will also support
provisions in the State Building Code requiring tie -
downs for mobile homes, which help resist wind
damage.
2. Flooding I
Hyde County is supportive of the hazard mitigation
elements of the National Flood Insurance Program.
Currently, Hyde County is pursuing participation in
the regular phase of the insurance program. Hyde
County also supports continued enforcement of the
CAMA and 404 Wetlands development permit processes in
areas potentially susceptible to flooding.
1
71 1

3. Wave Action and Shoreline Erosion
Hyde County is supportive of the CAMA development permit
process for estuarine shoreline areas and the requisite develop-
ment standards which encourage both shoreline stabilization and
facilitation of proper drainage.
g. Implementation: Storm Hazard Mitigation
1. Hyde County will continue to support the County -wide
building inspection program, with the services of a
building inspector, enforcing provisions of the N. C.
State Building Code for new construction. These
provisions will include designing for wind resistance
and mobile home tie -downs for newly placed mobile
homes.
2. Hyde County will adopt the Flood Damage Prevention
Ordinance for the Regular Phase of the National Flood
Insurance Program, in FY 86-87, as of the effective
date of the finalized Flood Insurance Rate Maps.
This ordinance which will require basic floodproofing
for all new construction, including all first floor
elevations being at or above the base flood eleva-
tions, will be enYorced as part of the County's
building inspection program. The base flood eleva-
tions, as shown on the flood insurance maps, are the
elevations of the 100-year flood.
3. The County will continue to support enforcement of
State and Federal programs which aid in mitigation of
hurricane hazards, including CAMA and the U. S. Army
Corps of Engineers 404 permit process.
4. TheCounty also plans to locate its new water plant
facilities in the Ponzer area, outside of the
100- year flood zone area, in an area designated as
"Zone C."
h. Other Mitigation Policy Areas
According to the CAMA Planning Guidelines, policy statements
should also address the following three areas:
(1) Means of dealin with structures and uses which do
not conform to the hazard mitigation policies.
(2) Means of encouraging hotels, restaurants, and similar
large commercial structures to locate outside of
erosion-prome areas.
(3) Policies which deal with the acquisition of parcels
located in hazard areas or rendered unbuildable, for
' the purpose of public access.
All existing structures which do not conform to the County's
mitigation policies can only be subject to the existing regula-
tions. No additional requirements will be imposed. The latter
two policy areas, above, cannot be effectively addressed by Hyde
County, since they appear to be more applicable to oceanfront
areas. The oceanfront area on Ocracoke Island is under the juris-
diction of the U.S. Park Service.
72

2. Post -Disaster Reconstruction Plan I
Hyde County recognizes that in the event of a major storm, it
will be very important to have, at a minimum, a general recovery
and reconstruction plan. Although Hyde County has a formally
adopted Hurricane Evacuation Plan (June 1977, revised July 1984),
there are many elements needed to address what to do after the
storm. This section of the Land Use Plan Update will address this
issue.
a. Appointment of a "Post Disaster Recovery Team"
Prior to a major storm having landfall in the vicinity of
Hyde County, when evacuation orders are issued, the Chairman of
the County Board of Commissioners, who is the head of the Control
Group as stated in the Evacuation Plan, shall appoint a "Post -
Disaster Recovery Team". This team shall consist of all of the
members of the Evacuation Plan Support Group also identified in
the Hyde County Evacuation Plan, and others whom the Chairman may
appoint. The total team may consist of the following:
1. County Manager
2. County Finance Officer
3. Emergency Preparedness Coordinator (Team Leader)
4. County Sheriff
5. County Building Inspector
6. Director of Social Services
7. County Sanitarian
8. Superintendent of Schools
9. Chief, Swan Quarter Volunteer Fire Department
10. Tax Supervisor
The Emergency Preparedness Coordinator will serve as the Team
Leader and will be responsible to the Chairman of the Board of
Commissioners. The base of operations will be the Emergency Oper-
ations Center (EOC) identified in the County Evacuation Plan (the
County Courthouse in Swan Quarter). The Disaster Recovery Team
will be responsible for the following:
1. Establishing an overall restoration schedule.
2. Setting restoration priorities.
,
3. Determining requirements for outside assistance and
requesting such assistance when beyond local capabi-
lities.
4. Keeping the appropriate County and State officials I
informed.
5. Keeping the public informed.
6. Assembling and maintaining records of actions taken
and expenditures and obligations incurred.
73

[I
3. Hurricane Evacuation Plan
As stated previously, Hyde County has an official "Hurricane
Evacuation Plan," covering both the mainland and Ocracoke. The
following outline summarizes this plan.
A. Early alerting of officials and concerned agencies in the
entire County.
'
B. Overall direction and decision -making by a Control
Group.
C. Increased readiness actions taken progressively as the
hurricane approaches and as the threat of injury and
damage increases.
D. Evacuation of residents and visitors on beaches and in
threatened low-lying areas upon decision of the Control
Group.
E. Primary evacuation of Ocracoke will be in coordination
with Dare County and evacuees will move through Dare
County.
F. Persons leaving Ocracoke on the last run of the Cedar
Island and Swan Quarter ferries should continue inland
and not require local shelter. These ferries will not be
a major factor in evacuation due to time required for a
trip.
G. Movement of evacuees to designated and operating public
shelters, or out of Hyde County and the threatened area.
H. Mass care for evacuees in predesignated shelters in
accordance with agreements.
I. Reentry of evacuees to evacuated areas when authorized by
the Control Group and when the hurricane threat has
'
passed or damage assessments indicate that reentry is
feasible.
J. Local governments request State and/or Federal assis-
tance, as necessary, before or after a hurricane.
4. Re -Entry
'
Factors regarding re-entry are also included in the County
Hurricane Evacuation Plan. Because of the -possibility of fallen
,
power lines, or telephone lines, re-entry will be closely coord-
inated with utility companies, such as VEPCO. Specifically, the
Hurricane Plan states:
77

higher susceptibility to storm damage than other
areas. If the County determines that some areas are
more vulnerable to storm damage than others, then the
1 Board of Commissioners may declare a development
moratorium, prohibiting all redevelopment for a
specified period of time. This will allow the County
' time to assess previous damage mitigation policies
for their effectiveness and possible modification.
4. Repair/Reconstruction Schedule
The following schedule of activities and time frame
are proposed with the realistic idea that many
factors of a hurricane may render the Schedule
infeasible.
Activity Time Frame
a) Complete and Report Damage Two weeks after storm
Assessments
b) Begin Repairs to Critical As soon as possible
Utilities and Facilities after storm
c) Permitting of Reconstruction Two weeks after damage
activities for all damaged assessments are
structures ("minor" to pre -storm complete
original status, "major" to State
building code and hazard
mitigation standards)
5. Agency Responsible for Implementation
The Chairman of the Hyde County Board of Commis-
sioners, as chief.elected official of the County,
will serve as overall Emergency Coordinator. The
Board Chairman will delegate the oversight of the
reconstruction and recovery effort and implementation
of the plan.
6. Repair and Replacement of Public Utilities
If water lines or any component of the water system
are damaged and it is determined that the facilities
can be relocated to a less hazardous location, then
they will be relocated during reconstruction.
1 76

[I I
J
2.
3.
b. Major (repairs would cost more than 30 percent of
the value).
c. Minor (repairs would cost less than 30 percent of
the value, but the structure is currently uninhabit-
,
able) .
d. Habitable (some minor damage, with repairs less
'
than 15 percent of the value).
Each damage assessment will be documented according
to County tax records. Also, County tax maps (inclu-
ding aerial photographs) and/or records may be used
for identification purposes. The total estimated
dollar value of damages will be summarized and
reported to the Disaster Recovery Team Leader.
Reconstruction Development Standards
Generally, reconstruction shall be held at least to
the same standards as before the storm. However,
developed structures which were destroyed and which
did not conform to the County's storm hazard mitiga-
tion policies, i.e., with basic measures to reduce
damage by high winds, flooding, wave action or ero-
sion, must be redeveloped according to those poli-
cies. In the event the loss of property containing
shoreline structures is substantial enough to prohi-
bit the reissuing of a septic tank permit, the County
will support the decision of the Sanitarian. In some
instances, this may mean relocation of construction,
or no reconstruction at all. To the extent feasible,
,
when relocation is required, such relocation will be
placed in less hazardous areas. Building permits to
restore destroyed or damaged structures, which were
built in conformance with the State Building Code and
County storm hazard mitigation policies, shall be
issued automatically, all structures suffering major
damage will be repaired according to the State Build-
ing Code. All structures suffering minor damage,
regardless of location, will be allowed to be rebuilt
to the original condition prior to the storm.
,
Development Moratoria
Hyde County, because of a lack of densely populated
areas, does not foresee the need to prohibit any and
all development for any specified period of time. '
Residents shall be allowed to proceed with redevelop-
ment and reconstruction as soon as practical and in
accord with the various levels of State and federal
disaster relief provided to them. Damage to the
properties in some areas of the County may indicate a
75 ,
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1
7. Recommending to the Chairman of the Board of Commis-
sioners to proclaim a local "state of emergency" if
warranted.
8. Commencing and coordinating cleanup, debris removal
and utility restoration which would include coordina-
tion of restoration activities undertaken by private
utility companies.
9. Coordinating repair and restoration of essential
public facilities and services in accordance with
determined priorities.
1 10. Assisting private businesses and individual property
owners in obtaining information on the various types
of assistance that might be available to them from
federal and state agencies.
b. Immediate Clean -Up and Debris Removal
Coordination of this activity will be the responsibility of
the Disaster Recovery Team.
c. Long Term Recovery/Restoration
The Disaster Recovery Team will be responsible for overseeing
the orderly implementation of the reconstruction process after a
major storm or hurricane in accord with the County's policies.
1. Damage Assessments
iDamage assessments will be necessary to determine as
quickly as possible a realistic estimate of the
amount of damage caused by a hurricane or major
storm. Information such as the number of structures
damaged, the magnitude of damage, and the estimated
total dollar loss will need to be developed.
As soon as practical after the storm, i.e., clearance
of major highways and paved roads in the County, the
Disaster Recovery Team Leader shall set up a Damage
Assessment Committee (DAC), consisting of the Build-
ing Inspector, Emergency Preparedness Coordinator, a
local realtor or building contractor, and appropriate
personnel from the Hyde County tax department. The
DAC will immediately begin to make "windshield"
surveys of damaged structures to initially assess
damages and provide a preliminary dollar value of
repairs or replacement. The following general cri-
teria shall be utilized:
a. Destroyed (repairs would cost more than 80
percent of value).
74

A. Upon cancellation of all hurricane warnings and watches
which include Hyde County and when no damage has been
experienced, the Control Group will authorize reentry to
all evacuated areas.
B. When hurricane damages have resulted, reentry to evacu-
ated areas will be based upon damage assessments and any
rescue or other relief operations in progress. Reentry
will be authorized by the Control Group to specific evac-
uated areas and under conditions specified.
The Plan was also reviewed by the North Carolina Division of
Emergency Management, without any substantive comments.
78

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d
PART I
SECTION III
LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
11

u
SECTION III: LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM I
The land classification system provides a uniform way of
looking at how the planned use of land interacts with environ-
mentally sensitive areas and with the development of a particular
locality. It is not a strict regulatory device in the sense of a
zoning ordinance or zoning map. It represents more of a tool to
understand relationships between various land use categories and '
how these relationships help shape local policy. Particular
attention is focused on how intensely land is utilized and the
level of services required to support that intensity. The regu-
lations for the Coastal Area Management Act state:
"The land classification system provides a framework to be
used by local governments to identify the future use of all
lands in each county. The designation of land classes allows
the local government to illustrate their policy statements as
to where to what density they want growth to occur, and where
they want to conserve natural and cultural resources by
guiding growth.: (7B.0204) (a)"
The five land classifications and land classification maps
are therefore intended to serve as a visual reflection of the
policies previously stated in Section II. Ideally, the map which
depicts these classifications should be as flexible as the poli-
'
cies that guide them. (See the attached Land Classification Map,
Map 8).
The five land classifications in Hyde County are identified
and defined below.
A. DEVELOPED
The developed class of land use provides for continued inten-
sive development and redevelopment of existing cities. Areas to
be classified as "developed" include lands currently developed for
urban purposes or approaching a density of 500 dwellings per
square mile that are provided with usual municipal or public
services including at least public water, sewer, recreational
facilities, police and fire protection. Areas which exceed the
minimum density but which do not have public sewer service may
best be divided into a separate class to indicate that although
'
they have a developed character, they will need sewers in the
future.
Within Hyde County, the developed areas complying with the
above definition are Swan Quarter, Engelhard, Fairfield, and
Ocracoke Village. Most of the population growth projected by 1995
will occur in and around these areas. Adequate water supplies are
,
currently provided to these areas and will continue to be provided
throughout the planning period. Septic tanks are the major source
of waste water disposal in these areas.
'
79

B. TRANSITION
Transition land is classified as those lands providing for
future intensive urban development within the ensuing ten years on
lands that are most suitable and that will be scheduled for provi-
sion of necessary urban utilities and services (whether from
public or private sources). They may also provide for additional
growth when additional lands in the developed class are not
available or when they are severely limited for development.
Lands classified "transition" may include:
1. land currently having urban services, and
2. lands necessary to accommodate the urban population and
economic growth anticipated within the planning
jurisdiction over the next five to ten years.
3. areas which are in, or will be in, a "transition" state
of development, i.e., going from a lower intensity to a
higher intensity of uses and will eventually require
urban services.
Lands classified for the latter reason must:
' a. be served or be readily served by public water, sewer,
and other urban services including public streets, and
b. be generally free of severe physical limitations for
urban development.
The "transition" class should not include:
' 1. lands of high potential for agriculture, forestry, or
mineral extraction, or land falling within extensive
rural areas being managed commercially for these uses,
when other lands are available;
2. lands where urban development might result in major or
irreversible damage to important environmental, scien-
tific, or scenic values, or;
3. land where urban development might result in damage to
natural systems or processes of more than local concern;
and
4. lands where development will result in undue risk to life
or property from natural hazards or existing land uses.
The lands in Hyde County that will be classified "transi-
tional" are those areas adjacent to the identified developed
clusters of Swan Quarter, Engelhard, Fairfield and Ocracoke
Village, and in the White Plains Marina area. In the future, land
areas near the new airport at Engelhard may also be classified as
transitional, if it is determined that these areas are suitable
for more intensive development (industrial parks, for example).
' The relationship between the "developed and transitional"
classification is important in predominantly rural counties like
80

Hyde. The first class is meant to define the already developed '
areas and/or those areas where public investment decisions will be
required to provide the necessary urban services. These become
important areas to closely monitor. The Coastal Resources Commis-
sion has further clarified this relationship as described below.
The Developed and Transition classes should be the only lands '
under active consideration by the County or municipality for
intensive urban development requiring urban services. The area
within these classes is where detailed local land use and public
investment planning will occur. State and federal expenditures on
projects associated with urban development (water, sewer, urban
street systems, etc.) will be guided to these areas. Large
amounts of vacant land suitable for urban development within the
Developed class should be taken into account when calculating the
amount of additional lands needed to accommodate projected
growth.
C. COMMUNITY
The -"community" classification provides for clustered land '
uses to meet housing, shopping, employment, and public service
needs within the rural areas of the County. It is usually charac-
terized by a small grouping of mixed land uses which are suitable ,
and appropriate for small clusters of rural development not
requiring municipal sewer service.
This is an important classification in Hyde County, since
nearly all the rest of the County's population not residing in the '..
areas classified previously as either "developed" or "transi-
tional," live in such clusters. There are no incorporated munici-
palities in Hyde County, but many small communities are along the ,
primary roads in the County. Areas classified as "Community"
include: Ponzer, Scranton, Sladesville, Rose Bay, Lake Comfort,
New Holland, Nebraska, Gull Rock, Middletown, and the area along
S. R. 1304, northwest of Fairfield.
D. RURAL
The purpose of the rural class is to provide for agriculture,
forestry, mineral extraction, and various other low intensity uses
on large sites, including low density dispersed residential uses
where urban services are not and will not be required. Any
development in this class should be compatible with resource pro-
duction and should not significantly impair or permanently alter
natural resources. Areas meeting the intent of this classifica-
tion are appropriate for or presently used for agriculture,
forestry, mineral extraction, and similar allied uses. Very low
'
density dispersed, single-family residential uses are also appro-
priate within rural areas where lot sizes are large and where
densities do not require the provision of urban -type services.
Private septic tanks and wells are the primary on -site services
'
available to support residential development, but fire, rescue
81

squad, and sheriff protection may also be available. Population
densities may be very low, possibly less than one person per
acre.
The majority of land within Hyde County falls within the
"Rural" classification. This classification is very important in
Chowan County because of the economic importance of agriculture
and forestry activities.
I
E. CONSERVATION
F
u
The "conservation" class provides for effective long-term
management of significant limited or irreplaceable areas. This
management may be needed because of its natural, cultural, recrea-
tional, productive or scenic values. This class should be limited
to lands that contain: major wetlands, essentially undeveloped
shorelands that are unique, fragile, or hazardous for development,
wildlife management areas or areas that have a high probability
for providing necessary habitat conditions; publicly owned water
supply watersheds and aquifers. However, there may be high ground
areas within the conservation class that may be suitable for
development. Each application for development shall be reviewed
on a case by case basis.
In Hyde County, the environmentally sensitive areas identi-
fied as Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs), i.e., Coastal
Marshlands (which includes a rather extensive area along the
immediate shorelines of the Long Shoal River and the Pamlico Sound
in the northeast and east, around to the Pungo River and some of
its tributaries in the western part.of the County's mainland),
Estuarine Waters, Estuarine Shorelines, and Public Trust Areas,
are classified as "conservation." Also included in this classifi-
cation are the State and Federally owned and managed wildlife
refuge areas, gamelands, and the Cape Hatteras National Seashore
Recreation Area.
82
1

SECTION IV: RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES AND LAND CLASSIFICATIONS
The Coastal Resources Commission requires each land use plan
to relate the policies section to the land classification map and
to provide some indication as to which land uses are appropriate
,
in each class.
A. DEVELOPED AND TRANSITION CLASSES
As mentioned in the discussion of existing conditions, most
of the County's growth will occur in and around the developed
communities of Swan Quarter, Engelhard, Fairfield, and Ocracoke
'
Village where basic services such as water and community support
services are available. The developed and transition classes were
specifically designed to acommodate these more intensively
;
developed areas and land uses, including residential, commercial,
industrial parks and open space, community facilities and trans-
portation. Hazardous or offensive uses such as land application
'
systems, power plants, airports and bulk chemical storage facili-
ties will be located away from these classes.
B. COMMUNITY CLASS
'
Intensive development will not be encouraged in this class
due to the lack of urban services and/or physical limitations.
,
The general range of acceptable uses are limited to residences,
isolated general and convenience stores and churches, and other
public facilities. These areas are usually found at crossroads
'
within the "rural" classification. Some of these areas are not
currently served by the County and because of the low -density
development, do not require centralized sewage collection and I
disposal.
C. RURAL CLASS
'
The Rural Class is the broadest of the land classes and is
designated to provide for agriculture, forest management, mineral
extraction and other low intensity uses. Residences may be
located within the Rural Class where urban services are not
required and where natural resources will not be permanently
impaired. Some large developments may be encouraged in the Rural
Class when there is an absence of otherwise suitable land within
the Development and Transition Classes and/or when there is a
possible threat to the urban populace. Such large developments
include airports, power plants, and hazardous materials storage.
The County also reserves the privilege of allowing specific types
of industrial development in the rural areas if in the opinion of
the government there will be no harmful effects from such a
location.
83 1

' D. CONSERVATION CLASS
The Conservation Class is designated to provide for effective
' long-term management of significant limited or irreplaceable areas
which include coastal marshlands, undeveloped shorelines that are
unique, fragile, or hazardous for development, wildlife habitat
areas, publicly owned gamelands and parks and undeveloped forest
lands and cultural and historical sites. Development in the
estuarine system should be restricted to such uses as piers, bulk-
heads, marinas, and other water -dependent uses. Policy Statements
under Resource Protection, and Resource Production and Management
in Section II, Part I, of this plan address the County's inten-
tions under this class.
fl
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17

�
PART II OCRACOKE
SECTION I
ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
'
AND ESTIMATED DEMAND
1
1

PREFACE
HYDE COUNTY (OCRACOKE)
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE, 1986
Analysis of 1981 Policy Statements/Implementation Actions
The CAMA Land Use Plan for coastal communities is essentially
a policy document aimed at guiding localities toward sound growth
management. Because circumstances, conditions, and issues change
over time, the Coastal Resources Commission, under State law,
requires the local land use plans to be updated every five years
in order to "take a second look" at old policies for their
relevance as well as examine newly emerging trends and concerns.
The Commission is also requiring in all 1986 updates an assessment
of the previous policy statements and implementation steps taken
to effectuate them. This summary analysis of the 1981 policies is
being presented here as a "Preface" to the 1986 Plan Update of
Hyde County's Plan for Ocracoke.
Policy Area
A.
Resource Protection
Policy/Implementation
1. If water demands exceed the sys-
tem's current capacity, the Ocracoke
Sanitary District should seek to
increase its pumping capacity and
obtain another reverse osmosis desal-
inizing machine.
2. Alternative means of solid waste
disposal, such as the development of
high-pressure incinerators on the
island, need to be explored.
B. Resource Production and Management
1. Seek to protect and maintain pri-
mary nursery areas (Ocracoke's
Estuarine Waters) from the negative
effects of development, particularly
effluent pollutions, by strict
enforcement of the septic tank place-
ment regulations, and the County
Building Permit Program.
Status/Relevancy
Actions
1. Seasonal water
demands, combined with
chloride intrusion,
has led to a demand
for a fourth reverse
osmosis machine, as
well as rehabilitation
of the other units.
This should be com-
pleted by late 1986.
2. This alternative
has not been explored
since the 1981 Plan
Update.
B. Resource Produc-
tion and Management
1. Implemented.
However, pollution of
Silver Lake is still a
matter of serious
concern.
7

C. Economic and
C. Economic and Community Development
Community Development
1. As development continues in
1. Implemented.
response to the Village's appeal as a
However, the prelimi-
'
tourist attraction, continued expan-
nary zoning ordinance
sion of incompatible land uses will
was defeated by a refer -
prove to be quite limited and undesi-
endum in 1982. Never-
rable. Therefore, the development and
theless, the County and
enforcement of local land use controls
the villagers saw the
will be studied for feasible applica-
need for land use con-
tion in Ocracoke. The County Commis-
trols and in April 1986,
sioners, through the County Manager's
the first "Development
Office, will, in Fiscal Year 1982,
Ordinance" for Ocracoke
seek funding from the N.C. Office of
Coastal Management to conduct a pre-
was adopted by the Hyde
County Board of Commis-
liminary zoning study for Ocracoke
sioners. The ordinance
Village.
regulates density of all
new development, con-
tains parking require-
ments, and calls for the
establishment of a Plan-
'
ning Board.
2. In Fiscal Year 1984-1985, funding
2. Discussions have
assistance will be sought to help
been held between the
develop a central waste water
Sanitary District and
collection and disposal system on the
state officials.
island, with the aim of reducing the
However, preliminary
'
burden on user charges.
indications are that
user charges would be
"excessive" if such a
system were developed.
'
3. Hyde County recognizes this
importance and would like to see those
3. This issue is still
an ongoing concern.
attractions and services which help
make tourism effective, enhanced and
protected. This concern is
particularly true regarding the
continued operation of a viable and
dependable ferry service. It is the
County's policy, therefore, to
continue to support and promote
tourism as a vital economic activity
on Ocracoke.
1

D. Continuing Public Participation Status/Relevancy
1. The County Commissioners will Actions
continue its practice of 1. Implemented. Also,
conducting at least two of its several "public infor-
regular monthly meetings during mation forums, organized
the year in Ocracoke Village. by the County Commis-
sioners from Ocracoke,
which involves inviting
officials or representa-
tives from various state
and federal agencies to
an open meeting with the
citizens of Ocracoke.

I
HYDE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
LAND USE PLAN: 1986 UPDATE
I
TABLE OF CONTENTS
'
PART
II:
Ocracoke
PAGE
SECTION I:
Analysis of Existing Conditions
A.
Establishment of Information Base
1
B.
Present
Conditions
2
1.
Population
2
2.
Seasonal Population
3
3.
Economy
5
4.
Housing
7
5.
Existing Land Use Analysis
7
a. Current Conditions: General Patterns
7
'
b. Compatibility Problems
8
c. Major Problems from Unplanned Development
8
d. Areas Likely to Experience Major Land
Use Changes
9
e. Areas of Environmental Concern
10
6.
Current Plans, Policies and Regulations
11
C.
Contraints: Land Suitability
15
'
1.
Physical Limitations
15
2.
Fragile Areas
16
D.
3.
Constraints:
Areas with Resource Potential
Capacity of Community Facilities
16
17
1.
Existing Water Service Areas
17
2.
Sewer Service Area
17
3.
Schools
18
4.
Transportation
18
E.
Estimated
Demand
1.
Population and Economy
19
2.
Future Land Need
21
3.
Community Facilities Need
21
SECTION II: POLICY STATEMENTS 22
A. Resource Protection 22
1. Natural Resource Areas 22
2. Cultural Resource Areas 22
3. Constraints to Development: Physical
Limitations 23
4.
Constraints to Development: Capacity of
'
Community Facilities
23
5.
Hurricane and Flood Evacuation Needs and Plan
25
B. Resource
Production and Management
25
1.
Commercial and Recreational Fisheries
25
2.
Off -Road Vehicles
26
C. Economic and Community Development
26
1.
Local Commitment to Service Provisions
27
'
2.
Desired Urban Growth Patterns
28
3.
Redevelopment of Developed Areas
29
4.
Commitment to State and Federal Programs
30

D. Continuing Public Participation Policies 30 '
E. Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery,
and Evacuation Plans 31
SECTION III: Land Classification System 32 ,
A. Developed 32
B. Transition 32 '
C. Conservation 33
SECTION IV: Relationship of Policies and Land
Classifications 34
A. Developed and Transition Classes 34
B. Conservation Class 34
r
0

HYDE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
LAND USE PLAN: 1986 UPDATE
PART II: OCRACOKE
List of Tables and Maps
TABLE NUMBERS
1. Ocracoke Population
2. Ocracoke Island Ferry Passengers
3. Water Demand for Ocracoke: 1980 and 1985
4. Commercial Establishments in Ocracoke
5. Ocracoke School Enrollment, 1980-81 thorugh 1984-85
6. Average Annual Daily Traffic: Ferry Service to
Ocracoke, Calendar Years 1981 and 1984
MAPS
9. Existing Land Use Map
10. Land Classification Map
t
1
1
1
1
1
1
PAGE
3
4
6
18
19
(attached)
(attached)

1
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PART II
SECTION I
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

1
A. Establishment of Information Base I
Although it is a political subdivision of Hyde County,
Ocracoke Village is located approximately 23 miles across the '
Pamlico Sound near the southern end of an 18-mile long barrier
island. All of the island, except for the 775 acres which com-
prise the Village, is part of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore
Recreation Area and forms a part of North Carolina's Outer Banks.
The Village is located on the southwestern side of the island,
extending out into the Pamlico Sound, and situated around Silver
Lake. Silver Lake is one of the finest natural harbors for small I
vessels along the Atlantic Coast.
Ocracoke Village remained relatively removed from the rest of
the world until the 1950's, with the advent of State -supported
,
ferries. At first hundreds, then thousands, of tourists began
visiting the Village each year because of its unique historic and
aesthetic appeal. The growth in tourism, spurred primarily
'
because of the quiet, fishing village appeal, threatened the
retention of that appeal. The consideration of land use manage-
ment policies by Hyde County has been recognized as essential.
In developing the analysis of conditions on Ocracoke, various
data sources were tapped. A number of primary sources were useful
including: personal interviews with some of the Village's citi-
'
zens; public meetings for additional local input, local land use
surveys; and interviews with local and State government officials.
Discussions with representatives- of the Division of Coastal
Management, the N. C. Division of Marine Fisheries, and the
Shellfish Sanitation Unit of the State Department of Human
Resources were quite helpful in identifying land use constraints.
Major secondary sources included: the Hyde County Land Use Plan,
'
CAMA, 1981; and Ocracoke Village, Land Use - Development
Potential, East Carolina University, Regional Development
Institute, 1972.
Major conclusions of the data analysis are:
-- The population, both permanent and seasonal, will con-
tinue to increase moderately, along with more vacation
cottages and second homes, in spite of constraints;
-- Unsuitable soils for septic tanks, and the lack of
central sewage facilities pose serious development con-
straints;
-- The long-time absence of land use controls fostered the
growth of incompatible land uses; and
-- Local citizens are concerned about balancing the economic
base (tourism) with retention of the Village's character. '
F�

B. Ocracoke Present Conditions
1. Population
' Although it is under the political jurisdiction of Hyde
County, Ocracoke Village represents a unique entity as far as land
use development and policy planning is concerned. Ocracoke
Island's population is concentrated in the Village of Ocracoke.
The Village is not incorporated so annual estimates are not made;
therefore, population figures for 1985 discussed herein are esti-
mated from the best available data.
The 1980 Census of Population final report showed Ocracoke's
population to be 658 for 1980, an increase of 117 new permanent
residents, or 21.6 percent over the 1970 U.S. Census figure,
making the Village the fastest growing area in the County. By
comparison, the County's overall rate of population growth during
the 1970-80 period was only 5.4 percent. Ocracoke's rate of
growth was four times faster than the County's total. The growth
rate, approximately 2% per year, was projected in the 1981 plan to
continue. However, based on a population survey conducted by the
Ocracoke School in January -February 1986, the year-round popula-
tion actually decreased slightly between 1980-1986. The 1986
count of Village residents by the school projected a total of 651
persons --seven fewer than shown in the 1980 Census. This figure,
651, will be considered the "base" population for this 1986 Plan
Update for Ocracoke. In spite of the minor population decline
from 1980-86, it is unlikely that Ocracoke's population will con-
tinue to decline throughout the next 10 years. For planning pur-
poses, a moderate growth rate of 1% per year will be assumed.
At the assumed very moderate growth rate of 1% per year,
projections for 1990 and 1995 can be made as follows:
Table 1: Ocracoke Population
Year Population
1970 541
1980 658
1986 651
*1990 677
*1995 705
* estimated
Source: U.S. Census, 1970; 1980; Projections by Talbert, Cox
and Associates
1986 figure furnished by data collected by the
Ocracoke School
2

C
The 1995 permanent population in the Village could reach
705 persons. This rather moderate population increase, however,
along with continued development of second homes and commercial
establishments, could have major impacts on Ocracoke. This is '
true, both from the standpoint of affecting its historically
quiet, Village character and exerting new demands on the provision
of basic services, mainly water and sewer.
2. Seasonal Population
The seasonal population flows have always been significant in
Ocracoke. The number of people visiting Ocracoke by means of the
ferry fluctuated from 1981 through 1985. Notice Table 2, below,
which shows July -June data for the reporting years.
Table 2. Ocracoke Island Ferry Passengers
% Change
Ferry 1981-82 1982-83 1983-84 1984-85 1981-85
Hatteras Inlet 542,536 535,806 561,648 582,827 +7.4
Cedar Island -Ocracoke 155,094 155,191 152,382. 155,875 +0.5
Swan Quarter -Ocracoke 32,013 37,057 34,380 34,170 +6.7
Total Passengers 729,643 728,054 748,410 772,872 +6.0
Although the passenger levels fluctuated, all three services
showed moderate net increases from 1981 to 1985, with the Hatteras
Inlet ferry showing the strongest net gain (7.4%). Peak usage
'
occurs from May through August, which is usually the height of the
tourist season. Although it has the lowest number of passengers
annually, along with the two other ferries, i.e., Cedar Island and
Hatteras Inlet, the Swan Quarter ferry brings thousands of tran-
sient visitors and summer dwellers to Ocracoke each year. Since
the island is geographically isolated, the ferry services are very
important to Ocracoke.
In 1985, when the approximate 308 cottages and second homes
as well as the 240 motel rooms were filled, it is estimated that
nearly 3,500 persons were inhabiting the island at any given time.
Transient "day -visitors" and campers using the 137 U. S. Park
Service campsites account for hundreds more. Such an influx of
people obviously has a substantial impact upon the Village. One
of the most important impacts is the demand for water. During the
summer months of 1985, the monthly demand for water tripled from
1.4 million gallons in January, to 4.2 million gallons in August
(peak demand). Compared to a peak demand of 3.62 million gallons
in August of 1980, demand for water has increased by 14% (or
580,000 gallons for a "peak" month) in the past five years. The
U. S. Park Service campsites, which are supplied by the Village
system, also have bathrooms and showers, adding to the water
demand.
'
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This increase in demand has caused some problems with the
Village water system's ability to supply all of the water needs at
peak periods.- In 1985, a moratorium was declared, not allowing
any additional water hook-ups until a proposed expansion of the
system was complete. In June, 1977, the Ocracoke Sanitary
District Water Association began operating the first centralized
water system on the island. The system consists of two 600 feet
deep wells, which tap a Castle Hayne aquifer. Because of salt
intrusion along with other materials, the water must be desali-
nized and only about 45 percent of the total water pumped is
yielded as usable. Desalinization is accomplished through the
Reverse Osmosis (R.O.) process, which currently involves three
R.O. machines. These machines produce up to 150,000 gallons of
usable water per day (gpd). The seasonal peak demand in August of
1985, averaged about 136,000 gpd, or about 90 percent of capacity.
However, the closer the output goes to capacity, water quality
declines. Proposed improvements, including a fourth R.O.
machine, will increase the water capacity to a range of from
200,000 to 210,000 gpd, after desalinization. Note that in
January 1985, usage for permanent residents was only 44,387 gpd,
or about 27 percent of current capacity. Note Table 3, below.
Table 3: Water Demand for Ocracoke: 1980 and 1985
Total PEAK %
OFF-PEAK %
Capacity (August) Capacity
(January) Capacity
'
1980- 162,000 gpd
121,500 gpd 75%
42,250 gpd 26%
1985 150,000 gpd
136,000 gpd 90$
44,387 gpd 30%
Source: Ocracoke Sanitary District Water
Association
As shown in the table above, the off-peak
percentage of capacity
has remained roughly the same for 1985 as
for 1980. However, the
peak percentage of capacity has increased
by almost 10% in the
past five years. Addition of a fourth reverse osmosis machine,
plus rehabilitating the existing three machines, would meet this
demand. If this peak demand continues to
increase, then more
water capacity will be required in 1990.
At a seasonal peak population of 3,500, daily per capita water use
was about 39 gpd. This figure is somewhat less than the average
consumption rate for the permanent population, i.e., approximately
651 persons and 68 gpd.
There is no central sewage collection and disposal system on
Ocracoke Island. Wastewater is disposed of through individual
1 on -site systems, i.e., septic tanks. The use of septic tanks has
serious limitations on Ocracoke because of the general soil condi-
tions. The limited capacity of the soils to absorb effluent is
' also taxed heavily during the seasonal population peaks.

3. Economy
1
.Another major impact of the seasonal population is the effect
upon the island's economy. Ocracoke's economy is mostly a sea- ,
sonal one. There are no manufacturing industries and no agricul-
tural activities on the island. The economic base is dependent
largely upon the tourist income. Commercial fishing plays a.
smaller role in the economy, serving mostly as a supplementary
source of income. But, by and large, it is revenue generated by
the motels, gift and specialty shops, rental cottages, and restau-
rants that is the backbone of Ocracoke's economy. Ocracoke con-
tributes perhaps more than a fair share in the total annual retail
sales for Hyde County, although no total figures are available for
the Village, as it is unincorporated and figures are not recorded
for unincorporated towns. Table 23, page 6, shows a list of the
businesses located on Ocracoke. It is significant to note that
growth in the number of businesses has increased rather dramatic-
ally in the past four years, with 3 new eating establishments, 3
new hotels and motels, and 8 new specialty shops. The new hotels
have added 88 additional rooms, and the restaurants have added 135
additional seats.
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Table 4: Commercial Establishments in Ocracoke
Eating Establishments
The Back Porch Restaurant
and Bake Shop
Captain Ben's Restaurant
Island Inn Dining Room
Pelican Restaurant
Pony Island Restaurant
Maria's Restaurant
Trolley Stop One
Howard's Pub
Stores
The Community Store
Lakeside Tackle and Beach
Rentals
Ocracoke Hardware, Inc.
Ocracoke Variety Store
Tradewinds
Beachcomber Convenience Store
South Point Fish and Crab
Specialty Shops
Rag Picker
The Gathering Place
Harborside Gift Shop
Jo Ko Art Gallery
at the Gathering Place
Ocracoke Artists' Co-op
Ocracoke Shell Shop and Museum
The Merchant Mariner
The Old Post Office Shop
Pamlico Gift Shop
Village Craftsmen
Our Creations
Hotels and Motels
The Anchorage Inn
The Berkley Center Country Inn
Blackbeard's Lodge
Bluff Shoal Motel
The Boyette House
Edwards Motel
Harborside Motel
Island Inn
Lakeside Cottage Court
Pony Island Motel
Sand Dollar Motel
Silver Lake Motel
The Yaupon Tree
Tourist Homes
Beach House B&B
Harborview House
Ocracoke Guest House
Oscar's House
Crews Inn
Other Businesses
East Carolina Bank
N. C. State Highway Office
(Ferry)
N. C. State Highway Office
(Reservations)
Ocracoke Water Association
Ocracoke Crab Company
Tideland Electric Membership
Source: "Directory of Ocracoke Island," Ocracoke Civic Club

4. Housing
The 1980 Census Advance Reports showed that the number of
housing units increased from 305 in 1970 to 471 in 1980. Although
there is no building permit data for 1981, records have been kept
since 1982. From 1982 through April, 1986, residential permits
were issued for 91 new dwelling units, including 14 mobile home
units. Even excluding 1981 units, along with the 471 units
reported in the 1980 Census, there currently are 562 dwellings in
Ocracoke. This growth reflects the increasing attractiveness of
Ocracoke as a summer home and cottage location. If the average
household size for Ocracoke, according to the 1980 Census, is
still 1.78 persons, then its 651 citizens occupy only 366. i.e.,
65% of the total 562 units. The rest, i.e., 197 units, would be
either rental cottages or second homes.
On the surface, it appears that the total supply of suitable
dwelling units is adequate on the island. However, as more of the
island's young people remain in the Village after completing high
school to work in the tourist industry, there will gradually be a
need for more affordable housing. The pressures for second home
and tourist development have caused land prices to increase rapid-
ly in recent years. The prices are such that young, native
Villagers who remain to work in tourism or fishing cannot afford
to purchase lots for homesites on land which their grandparents =
may have sold. While there is currently not an acute housing
shortage, as land values increase, many native Villagers may be
priced out of their own housing market. In addition, of the other
townships in Hyde County, Ocracoke has the highest median value of
its housing units, $43,200, with Swan Quarter next in line having --
a median value of $2-4,900. Consistent with that trend, Ocracokers
also pay higher rent than renters of the other townships. Source:
1980 Census of Housing, General Housing Characteristics.
5. Existing Land Use Analysis
a. Current Conditions
Ocracoke Island is about 18 miles long and two to three miles
wide in some areas, and contains a total of 5,535 acres. Of the
total acreage, the Village of Ocracoke takes up only 775 acres
(1.21 square miles), which is only 14.0 percent of the total. The
remaining 4,760 acres is all under government ownership and con-
trol as part of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore and Recreation
Area. Since the County cannot exercise any control over the fed-
erally owned land, only the 775 acres composing Ocracoke Village
can be considered in relation to the formulation of land use poli-
cy by Hyde County.
Since the 1981 plan update, the overall land development
patterns have remained the same. The most significant changes
I

have been in the.number of second homes, motels, and cottages
developed. The land use patterns in the Village of Ocracoke lack
definite uniformity. Residential areas are adjacent to commercial
areas in an inconsistent pattern. This is largely due to the fact
that Hyde County had never adopted any locational land use control
devices such as zoning or subdivision ordinances. Such unregu-
lated development, if continued, could have led to significant and
perhaps detrimental problems related to land use incompatibility,
because these problems generally necessitate public investment
before they can be corrected.
In 1981, a zoning referendum was put before the Village resi-
dents, but was opposed 424 to 238 (voters included absentee prop-
erty owners). Although there were many reasons offered for the
defeat of the referendum, the basic feeling was that the referen-
dum was either too complicated and not explained clearly, or that
residents thought that they would not be allowed to preserve their
I lifestyle, e.g., not being allowed to maintain boats, etc., in
their yards. It can be assumed that although Ocracokers recognize
the need for an organized pattern of development, this pattern
must also be "in tune" with the character and atmosphere of the
Village. However, after many months of discussion, consultation,
and public hearings, in April, 1986, the Hyde County Board of
Commissioners adopted a set of development controls and regula-
tions to apply only to Ocracoke, titled the "Ocracoke Village
Development Ordinance." The purpose of this ordinance is to "pro-
mote the public health, safety and general welfare by regulating
the density of population; the size of yards and other open
spaces; the height, size and location of buildings and other
structures; to provide for an adequate transportation system; and
to provide for adequate drainage, water supply, and sewage dispos-
al." Enactment and enforcement of this ordinance will have a
significant impact upon the future orderly development of the
Village, especially within the constraints of existing community
facilities.
b. Land Compatibility Problems
! The most significant land compatibility problem on Ocracoke,
as stated above, is the inconsistent land use patterns. Up until
the recent adoption of the "Development Ordinance" and absence of
local land use controls, commercial and residential developments
occurred, in a sense, "in spite of each other", with little regard
for the incompatibility.
Silver Lake, perhaps the most scenic attraction at Ocracoke,
is considered by many island residents to be over -developed. The
shores of the lake are currently dotted with various residential,
commercial and governmental developments. Concern has been raised
over possible problems of public access to the lake if intensive
private development continues. The natural aesthetic beauty of
the lake is thus threatened by unregulated development.
8
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1
Since septic tanks are the sole means for wastewater disposal
in Ocracoke, intensive development along the lakefront will lead
to the seepage of effluent into its waters. Such pollution would
seriously threaten the life of the lake itself. With the specter
of pollution, lack of public access, and destruction of its natu-
ral beauty hanging over Silver Lake, regulation of adjacent devel-
opment is a matter for serious concern. Density of development is
one of the major issues addressed in the new "Development Ordi-
nance."
c. Problems from Unplanned Development
Ocracoke Village remained in relative isolation from the rest
of the world until the late 19501s. In 1957, when State -supported
ferries first began operating, an almost immediate demand for
tourist -related activities resulted. The limited services in
Ocracoke were not able to handle the seasonal influx of people who
were now "discovering" the island. Through the years, however,
motels, restaurants, rental cottages, and vacation homes were
developed, but at a faster pace than community facilities. The
Village water system was not inititated until 1977 and there is
still no central sewage system. The 1985 tourist season saw ser-
ious water supply problems develop, but, as noted, steps have been
taken to address these problems. The low topography of the island
combined with soils generally unsuited for septic tank installa-
tion, has led to the pumping in of sand as fill to build up devel-
opable land. In the early 19601s, developers pumped sand onto the
marshes on the Sound side of the island to make room for new resi-
dential development. The residential structures which currently
exist in these "made -land" areas stand in locations which were
once virtually submerged by storm surges, which provided a natural
storm buffer for the Villagers. These residents, like the ones in
the Oyster Creek area, are particularly susceptible to storm
damage (see Map 9, attached). The destruction of the Sound side
marsh areas by dredge and fill, and the subsequent construction of
houses are major problems caused by unplanned development.
The long-time lack of development regulations eliminated
controls over design standards for streets or the provision of
utilities. Thus, most of the new residential development, though
consisting of large and expensive homes, is poorly designed with
inadequate road and bridge access in some cases. Responsibility
for maintenance of these new access roads is uncertain.
d. Areas Likely to Experience Change in Predominant Land
Use
Future land development in Ocracoke, as noted earlier, will
begin to be controlled by land use regulations. The overall
developable acreage is not extensive, but the recent development
trends are likely to continue, although the patterns will be
7
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affected by the Development Ordinance. This means that the newer
residential areas on the back side of the island, such as the ones
in the Oyster Creek area, the Jackson Dunes, and Trent Woods area,
will likely continue the current residential development trend (See Map 9, attached). Existing commercial uses are also likely
to remain and expand along NC Highway 12 southward in the direc-
tion of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore area. There are no
areas expected to experience major changes in predominant land use
in Ocracoke.
e. Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC's)
In the 1981 Plan Update, specific proposed Areas of Environ-
mental Concern were delineated for Ocracoke Island. The desig-
nated Areas of Environmental Concern (according to 15 NCAC 7-H) in
Ocracoke need to be pointed out separately from the mainland,
though they are the same, and have not changed in location or size
of area since the 1981 Update. Below are the AEC's for Ocracoke:
1. Coastal Wetlands, which are defined as any salt
marsh or other marsh subject to regular or occasional flooding by
tides, including wind tides (whether or not the tidewaters reach
the marshland areas through natural or artificial watercourses),
provided this shall not include hurricane or tropical storm tides.
Coastal Marshlands also contain certain marsh plant species.
Ocracoke Island contains about 1,600 acres of regularly -flooded
salt marsh area. This area is located on the Pamlico Sound side
of the island and most of it is under the jurisdiction of the U.S.
National Park Service as part of the Cape Hatteras National
Seashore.
2. Estuarine Waters are defined as "all the water of
the Atlantic Ocean within the boundary of North Carolina and all
the water of the bays, sounds, rivers, and tributaries thereto
seaward to the dividing line between coastal fishing waters and
inland fishing waters (N.C.G.S. 113A-113(b)(2)). The estuarine
waters are very important for a number of reasons, mainly because
they serve as the birthplace and nursery areas for many species of
finfish and shellfish. Estuarine waters support the valuable
commercial and sports fisheries of the coastal area which are
comprised of estuarine dependent species such as menhaden, floun-
der, shrimp, crabs, and oysters. These species must spend all or
some part of their life cycle within the estuarine waters in order
to mature and reproduce. Estuarine waters in Ocracoke include
Silver Lake, the Pamlico Sound, and Northern Pond. Both Hatteras
Inlet and Ocracoke Inlet are also part of the estuarine system.
3. Public Trust Areas, which are partially defined
as all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands thereunder from
the mean high water mark to the seaward limit of state jurisdic-
tion; all natural bodies of water subject to measurable lunar
1 10
1

tides and lands thereunder to the mean high mark; all navigable
natural bodies of water and lands thereunder to the mean high
water level or mean water level, as the case may be. In other
words, public trust areas are waters and lands thereunder, the use
of which, benefits and belongs to the public. Public trust areas
are used for both commercial and recreational purposes. In
Ocracoke, Hatteras Inlet, Ocracoke Inlet, the Atlantic Ocean adja-
cent to the beaches, Pamlico Sound, and Silver Lake, are all major
public trust AEC's. These areas support recreational uses such as
swimming, boating, water skiing and sportsfishing and some commer-
cial fishing. Most of the Public Trust Areas are under the juris-
diction of the U.S. Park Service.
4. Estuarine Shorelines are defined as non -ocean
shorelines which are especially vulnerable to erosion, flooding,
or other adverse effects of wind and water and are intimately
connected to the estuary. This area extends from the mean high
water level or normal water level along the estuaries, sounds,
bays, and brackish waters for a distance of 75 feet inland. These
areas are significant because development within the shorelines
can influence the quality of estuarine life and is subject to the
damaging process of shorefront erosion and flooding. The shore-
lines of the estuarine waters mentioned on Page 10, Item e. 2,
and 75 feet landward are the estuarine shorelines in Ocracoke.
Areas of Environmental Concern within the Ocean Hazard Areas
Category are those areas considered to be natural hazard areas
along the Atlantic Ocean shoreline where, because of their special
vulnerability to erosion or adverse effects of sand, wind and
water, uncontrolled or incompatible development could unreasonably
endanger life or property. Ocean hazard areas include beaches,
frontal dunes, inlet lands, and other areas in which geologic,
vegetative and soil conditions indicate a substantial possibility
of excessive erosion or flood damage.
All of the Ocean Hazard Area AEC's are included within the
Cape Hatteras National Seashore under the control of the U.S. Park
Service. Since land development will not affect these areas,
these AEC's will not be discussed in this plan.
6. Current Plans, Policies, Regulations
a. Transportation
No transportation or thoroughfare plans have been developed
for Ocracoke. The Village could benefit from such a plan. As
noted previously, the State -supported Swan Quarter to Ocracoke
ferry began operation in 1977 providing the first such direct link
from the Hyde County mainland to the island. Just over 34,000
passengers used the ferry from July, 1984, to June, 1985. The
ferry, which uses the same docking facilities as that provided for
11

the already existing Cedar Island ferry, has had an impact upon
tourism and has made mainland services more accessible to the
Villagers.
As noted in the discussion of "Tourism" in Part I, Section
I, Page 24, and Part II, Page 3, this section, 772,872 passengers
used the ferries to and from Ocracoke between July, 1984, and
June, 1985 -- a significant reduction of 144,769 passengers, or
16%, since the 1978-79 figure reported in the 1981 update.
Although this declining trend appears to be significant, it seems
to have had no adverse effect upon the tourism industry.
Road improvements in Ocracoke since the 1981 Plan Update
include minor repairs to S.R. 1134, 1335, and widening of S.R.
1341. No major improvements are proposed for the next 5-10 years.
The upgrading of NC Highway 12 to a 2-lane, all weather road was
completed in early 1985. Of concern to many Village residents is
the fact that N.C. 12 contains about a two-mile stretch en route
to the Hatteras ferry that is located close to the ocean and,
therefore, subject to occasional flooding. This is a cause of
frequent repairs. Suggested alternatives for alleviating this
problem are discussed in Section II, Policy Statements.
Ocracoke Island Airport underwent improvements during the
summer of 1985. The runway was graded, overlayed, and widened
from 60 feet to 75 feet. There are presently plans being made to
install a lighting system, build a terminal structure, i.e.,
pilot's shack. These improvements will be accomplished as soon as
funding is available.
b. Community Facilities
1. Water Distribution Plan: Since the Village water
system began operating in June, 1977, several areas were subdi-
vided for development which were not in the initial water service
area. Some of these areas will receive water from the central
system as it expands. During 1986, the water system will undergo
substantial improvements. According to the water superintendent,
the entire Village area may be accessible to the water service
area by 1987.
2. Wastewater Treatment Plans: Ocracoke was not
included in a 201 Facilities Plan prepared in 1978 for Hyde
County, The Ocracoke Sanitary District, which operates the water
system, has discussed the feasibility of a 201 study. Preliminary
discussions with State officials, however, indicate that if a
wastewater collection and disposal system were to be developed,
the individual user costs would be excessive.
3. Solid Waste Disposal. The Ocracoke Sanitary
District, which operates the water system, has a contract with
1 12

Dare County for solid waste collection and disposal for the
Village. Dare County maintains a truck in the Village, which
makes daily pick-ups. When the truck is filled, it is ferried
across the Hatteras Inlet and disposes of the refuse at the Dare
County landfill. The current Dare County landfill was opened in
1982 and is projected to have a useful life of 20 years. This
system is quite adequate for the present permanent and seasonal
populations. If both the permanent and seasonal populations
continue to increase, according to recent moderate growth rates,
during the 10-year planning period, this service should be
adequate.
4. Police and Fire Protection: Police protection on
Ocracoke is provided by the Hyde County Sheriff's Department. Two
deputies are stationed full-time at Ocracoke, and a new jail was
dedicated in October, 1985, with two cell blocks. Currently,
crime is not a major problem in Ocracoke Village. Although these
two deputies appear to provide adequate police service to the
Village now, studies for more urban areas indicate that in order
for one officer to be "on the street" 24 hours a day, a force of
at least five is needed, during seasonal peaks, especially. Even-
tually, as more urban development occurs at Ocracoke, more police
officers may be needed. Fire protection in the Village was con-
sidered adequate until the construction of three-story buildings.
Although there is a modern -equipped fire house located near the
center of the Village, there is a need for a ladder and another
fire truck.
5. Medical and Emergency Services: Ocracoke Village
has a health center which, until 1985, had a physician from the
National Health Corps. Currently, the center is staffed with a
part-time physician, who is partially supported by N.C. Rural
Health Service and partially by clinic revenues. There is no
dentist in the Village. Efforts to obtain a dentist have been
made. Village residents felt that previous emergency rescue
efforts were inadequate because the old vehicle was not modern
enough nor adequately equipped to serve the needs of Ocracoke.
However, in July, 1986, Ocracoke received a new ambulance vehicle.
Currently, there are five volunteer certified EMTs in Ocracoke.
6. Electrical Power: Tideland Electric Membership
Corporation supplies Ocracoke Island with electric service from
the North Carolina Power and Light Company (formerly VEPCO). As
of January, 1986, Tideland EMC reported the number of active users
(based on the number of meters) to be 712. However, that figure
is expected to increase over the next six months, as there are
approximately 30 new customers who have submitted applications for
service. In order to adequately service the rising number of
users, a larger cable is being proposed for installation in 1986.
There have been occasional problems in the past with blackouts,
brownouts, etc., on Ocracoke. Some residents have their own
generators. The problem is more acute in the summer. These prob-
lems are significant, often having an adverse impact upon the
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Village businesses. It is hoped that the new large cable will
eliminate some of these occurrences so that electric utilities in
Ocracoke can be adequate for the moderately -growing population.
c. Utilities Extension Policy
The Ocracoke Sanitary District Water Association, which oper-
ates the water system, requires all owners of new development to
finance the cost of extending and tapping onto the existing water-
lines. The extensions must meet previously set engineering speci-
fications and must comply with County Health Department standards.
After the extension has been completed, ownership of the lines is
turned over to the Sanitary District.
d. Recreation Plans or Policies
There are no public recreation plans or policies which have
been developed which include Ocracoke. The miles of ocean beaches
maintained as part of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore Recrea-
tion Area, as well as the Pamlico Sound, two inlets and Silver
L Lake, provide ample recreation opportunities for residents and
visitors alike. Camping facilities are also provided by the U.S.
Park Service on Ocracoke. However, in spite of the extensive
shorelines around Silver Lake and the "Soundside" of the island,
there is no public waterfront access facility in the Village.
Some public access facility is needed, both as a boost to tourism
and for the total citizenry, as well. Public recreation
activities in Ocracoke consist mainly of organized athletic
activities through the school. Public recreation plans need to be
reassessed, perhaps with intentions of hiring a Recreation
Director or building a recreational facility for the residents of
the Village.
e. Prior Land Use Plans
Ocracoke, although somewhat isolated geographically from the
mainland, is still a very important part of Hyde County. In 1972,
the Regional Development Institute of East Carolina University
prepared a study titled Ocracoke Village: Land Use . Devel-
opment Potential, April, 1972. This document focused on the pros-
pects for development and potential problems for the Village,
including land use implications. The Institute is in the process
of conducting another similar assessment, from which additional
implications may be noted.
f. Regulations and Enforcement Provisions
As noted earlier, the adoption of the "Development Ordinance
for the Village of Ocracoke" by the Hyde County Board of Commis-
sioners in April, 1986, was a historic move which will positively
affect all future development in Ocracoke. The ordinance, adopted
by Hyde County under the statutory authority of counties to enact
zoning controls for -all, or a portion of the county, will be
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applied to no other part of Hyde County but Ocracoke. The ordi-
nance will be enforced by the Hyde County Building Inspector, who
will be responsible for reviewing all proposed development and the
issuing of development permits. The ordinance contains minimum
lot size requirements, as well as provisions for building setback,
height restrictions, lot coverage, and parking. The major thrust
of the ordinance appears to be density control. Other features of
the ordinance include the involvement of a Planning Board, Board
of Adjustments, and a procedure for granting variances.
All of the other regulations and enforcement provisions which
are applicable to Hyde County also include Ocracoke Village.
Refer to Part I, Section I, Item 6 (D), page 26, for a full dis-
cussion and listing of these provisions.
C. CONSTRAINTS: LAND SUITABILITY
There is relatively little undeveloped land remaining within
the Village of Ocracoke. (See Map 9, attached.) Of the Village's
775 acres, there are not many more acres of developable land
remaining. However, there is a pronounced trend of redevelopment
in older developed areas. It is all the more imperative that
Villagers and County officials become aware of the existing limi-
tations to development. Physical limitations are important to
recognize both from the standpoint of guiding land use decisions
and in protecting the health, safety, and welfare of the general
public. Below is a list of the physical limitations to develop-
ment in Ocracoke:
1. Physical Limitations
Most of the physical limitations to development were noted in
the 1976 Plan and the 1981 Plan Update. These included one man-
made hazard, i.e., a small airport with a paved landing strip, and
the natural hazard areas which coincide with the designated Areas
of Environmental Concern (AEC's). Perhaps the most serious physi-
cal limitation to development in the Village continues to be the
condition of the soils. The area is, for the most part, of low
terrain, poorly drained, and without the addition of sand as fill,
unsuitable for septic tanks. There are no areas in the Village
where the slope exceeds 12 percent, adding to drainage problems.
In the absence of a central sewer system, this is a severe con-
straint. The two dominant soil types around Silver Lake, Carteret
Low and Corolla fine sands, are rated as having severe limitations
for both dwellings and as septic tank filter fields, according to
the USDA Soil Conservation Service.
The current source of water for the Village does not pose a
serious physical limitation to development. The deep wells from
which the water is pumped does contain some salt intrusion, but is
desalinized through a reverse osmosis process.
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2. Fragile Areas
These areas are ones which could easily be damaged or
destroyed by inappropriate or poorly planned development. Most of
the fragile areas coincide with the AEC's which were discussed in
Part II, pages 9-11, of this Section. In addition to the AEC's,
Silver Lake and the Old .Lighthouse might both be considered as
scenic and prominent high points which need protection from impro-
per development. The Village of Ocracoke does not contain any of
the following fragile areas: complex natural areas; areas that
sustain remnant species; areas containing unique geologic forma-
tions; registered natural landmarks; wooded swamps, prime wildlife
habitats, archeologic sites, or maritime forests. .
There are, however, several other properties of historic
significance in the Village. The Ocracoke Light Station was
placed on the National Register of Historic Places in November,
1977. The Ocracoke Village Historic District and the Ocracoke
Lighthouse Keepers Quarters have been placed on a study list for
inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places. Addition-
ally, the Hyde County Historic Society, with the aid of a planning
consultant, has identified three other places in Ocracoke which
have the potential for placement on the National Register. They
are: (a) the _Lela Howard house; (b) the Blanch Howard house; and
(c) the Beverly Moss, or Big Ike O'Neal house. Land use policies
for Ocracoke should take into consideration the protection of
these culturally significant resources.
3. Areas With Resource Potential
There are no significant productive or unique agricultural
lands in Ocracoke. Neither are there any potentially valuable
mineral sites. However, as noted previously, most of the island
is part of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore, which includes the
entire land area adjacent to the ocean side of the island. The
National Seashore area is a prominent tourist attraction for var-
ious types of non -intensive outdoor recreation activities. The
Village would benefit from the installation of several public boat
ramps on the northwest corner of the Park Service parking lot in
the interest of providing additional recreation activities.
Currently, there are no public boat ramps on public land, only
three private ramps on Silver Lake in congested areas. New public
ramps could also aid private hurricane evacuation efforts. The
estuarine waters on the Sound side of the island are important
breeding areas for both finfish and shellfish, and need to be
protected from unsound development practices. Silver Lake has,
for several years, been.considered a "prohibited shellfish area",
by the Shellfish Sanitation Unit of the State Division of Health
Services. Water quality has not significantly improved, so the
Lake still has this designation.
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D. CONSTRAINTS: CAPACITY OF COMMUNITY FACILITIES
1. Existing Water Service Areas
The Village water system currently has a design capacity of
144,000 gallons per day (gpd) of potable water after allowance of
"down" time for needed maintenance. However, as stated earlier,
the capacity will increase to approximately 200,000 gpd with the
addition of a fourth R.O. machine and rehabilitation of existing
equipment is added in late spring of 1986. This work is to be
completed in late 1986 and should improve the quality and quantity
of the water.
The current water service areas, which was delineated with
the system's initial operation in June of 1977, does not include
four newly developing areas. Two developments near the Oyster
Creek area on the Village's northeast side have begun developing
since 1977. Also, one developing area on the southeast side of
Ocracoke is outside of the current water service area. If these
areas overcome other constraints, including septic tank suitabili-
ty, then the Sanitary District estimates that there could be
potentially*270 additional water users; however, only 100 will be
allowed to have connections as a result of the 1986 improvements.
There was a shortage of water in the summer of 1985 because of
over -use. Therefore, a moratorium has been set for new water
tap-ons until the fourth R.O. machine is installed.
If the average year-round per capita consumption were assumed
to be 57 gallons per day, then at the projected 1986 total capa-
city (after completion of improvements) of 200,000 gpd, a maximum
population of 3,508 persons could be sustained. However, consump-
tion rates do fluctuate. However, the year-round population is
not experiencing rapid growth. Nevertheless, it would appear that
if the seasonal population continues to increase, Ocracoke's total
water capacity will need to expand.
2. Sewer Service Area
Septic tanks are the only means for wastewater disposal on
Ocracoke at this time. The installation of septic tanks is regu-
lated by the Hyde County Health Department through the County
Sanitarian. According to the County Sanitarian, as of the writing
of this report, there are no areas in the Village which are suita-
ble for septic tank installation without the addition of sand -to
build up the area sufficiently above the water table. However,
the Sanitarian also noted that sand of sufficient quality is not
available in the Village. Thus, new development, except for areas
which have been built up previously, is at a virtual standstill
unless developers are willing to go through the expense of pur-
chasing and ferrying in suitable fill. Septic tank permits,
17 1
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according to the County Sanitarian, cannot be issued unless the
requirements for adequate drain fields are met.
3. Schools
There is one school in Ocracoke. Ocracoke School contains
grades K through 12, and had a 1984-85 enrollment of 94 students,
declining by 15% from the 110 students as reported in the 1981
Plan Update. The design capacity of the basic school facility is
approximately 100 students. Notice Table 5, below.,_
Table 5: Ocracoke School Enrollment
1980-81 through 1984-85
1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 1983-84 1984-85
# of Students 105 113 112 105 94
Although the Village's population is expected to increase, it is
not likely that the number of school -age children will increase in
proportion to the overall population growth. Many new residents,
for example, will be retirees who will have no school -age child-
ren. Nevertheless, if school -age children increase throughout the
planning period at one-half their current ratio to the population,
then the total pupils would be 134. This increase of 24 addition-
al students would be substantial enough in Ocracoke to require an
expansion of facilities and the employment of one or more teach-
ers.
4. Transportation
Transportation to and from Ocracoke is conducted almost tot-
ally by the three State -operated ferries. The main road on the
island is NC 12, which begins at the ferry docking facilities at
Silver Lake, and ends on the northern end of the island at the
Hatteras Inlet ferry station. NC 12, within the Village, has
recently undergone improvements to a 2-lane, all weather road,
which was completed in early 1985 under the State's Transportation
Improvements Program. All vehicular traffic, regardless of which
ferry travelled on, must travel on NC 12. As noted previously,
outside of the Village, en route to the Hatteras Inlet ferry, a
two-mile stretch of the highway is very close to the ocean and
subject to occasional flooding. This vulnerability sometimes
inhibits travel on this road. See Section II, Policy Statements,
for a discussion of alternatives for improving the potential prob-
lems with the vulnerability of NC 12. Traffic counts, in terms of
volume, are not available for NC 12 from the State Department of
Transportation. Daily average traffic counts for the three ser-
vices, however, are available, as indicated in Table 6, below:
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Table 6: Average Annual Daily
Traffic: Ferry
Service to
Ocracoke, Calendar
Years 1981 and
1984
Vehicles per
Day
Ferry
1981
1984
Hatteras to Ocracoke
550
600
Cedar Island to Ocracoke
200
150
Swan Quarter to Ocracoke
- 40
50
790 800 �.
N.C. DOT Planning and Research Division
* Subject to change on demand
It is difficult to assess the capacity of the ferries since
the capacity of individual ferries varies and the schedules are
subject to change. One of the regular Ocracoke ferries, the
"Pamlico" has been enlarged since the 1981 Plan. However, if the
ferry services are reduced, particularly the one from Hatteras to
Ocracoke, then such a reduction could become a constraint to
development. The impact would be felt most notably in the
economy, which is tourist -based. Projections for traffic
increases, like population projections, are subject to various
factors. Vacation traffic is highly subject to overall economic
conditions, particularly the cost of fuels. If it is assumed that
economic conditions will improve or remain fairly stable, then
traffic increases will be likely. The current ferry service and
N.C. 12 should have the capacity to handle projected increases.
E. ESTIMATED DEMAND
1. Population and Economy
The impact of population increases and the need for develop-
able land and community services in Ocracoke must be examined from
two perspectives. First, the impact of increases in the number of
year-round, permanent residents must be considered. Second in
consideration but at least of equal importance, is the growth in
the seasonal population. The analysis of conditions on the island
and in the Village, which has been discussed throughout this Sec-
tion, has pointed out some rather serious constraints to future
development. Unless the constraints are somehow overcome, mainly
the lack of sanitary and environmentally sound wastewater disposal
facilities, then projections for future development and increased
demand will be automatically limited. The unofficial but realis-
tic "moratorium" on substantial new development, because of the
indigenous soils and the unavailability of suitable fill locally
for septic tank placement, could continue indefinitely. Despite
the presence of prohibitive constraints, the alluring charm of the I
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quiet, rustic sea Village will continue to attract thousands of
tourists each year to Ocracoke. Thus, in making projections for
increased demand, four significant assumptions must be made:
(1) The dissolution of the waste water disposal problems,
(2) Continued generally favorable economic conditions,
(3) Stable ferry service operations, and,
(4) Highway accessibility on the northern end being main-
tained and protected from ocean overwash.
With these assumptions in mind as cautions, below are projec-
tions for increases in both the seasonal and permanent populations
and an examination of the impacts of both on the Village.
a. Permanent Population: Projections to 1995
As was noted in Part II, Page 2, of this Section, between
1970 and 1980 Ocracoke's permanent population grew at a rate of
21.6 percent from 541 to 658. However, an actual count by the
Ocracoke School showed a total of 651 in early 1986--a slight
decline since 1981. Nevertheless, a very moderate growth rate of
1% per year was assumed for the planning period. At this assumed
rate of growth, the year-round population will increase by 54
persons in 1995 to 705. Such an increase could require the forma-
tion of nearly 40 new households, adding to the demand for ade-
quate and affordable housing. The improved and expanded water
system has adequate capacity to serve this projected growth, how-
ever. Sewage disposal, on the other hand, could become a matter
for more serious consideration. Solid waste disposal would also
present obstacles, since it is currently being ferried over to
Dare County. Alternatives need to be explored since the expense
of this practice will gradually increase.
The overall economy will expand somewhat, as the demand for
goods and services will lead to more businesses_ remaining open all
year-round, thus providing more jobs and an increase in annual
retail sales.
b. Seasonal Population
In 1970, according to a report compiled by the Regional
Development Institute of East Carolina University, the seasonal
population at Ocracoke averaged 1,267 persons. In 1980, as dis-
cussed, the seasonal population averaged around 3,500 persons, a
10-year increase of 176 percent. It should be noted that in 1970,
the water system had not been developed, the Swan Quarter -Ocracoke
Ferry was not operational, and the Hatteras Seashore Campgrounds
had not been improved. These developments, undoubtedly, helped
boost the substantial increase in tourism between 1970 and 1980.
For the next 10 years, however, it is unlikely that the seasonal
population will again more than double. A more likely increase
20

would be double the assumed growth rate for the permanent popula-
tion from 1985 to 1995, i.e., about 2 percent per year. At this
rate, Ocracoke could anticipate a seasonal population of 3,942 by
1990 and 4,352 by 1995. These increases would have a significant
effect upon the demand for water. The total water capacity, in
order to serve the projected 1995 seasonal population at the 1985
per capita annual average consumption rate of 57 gpd (i.e.,
including transient day visitors), would need to be 248,064 gpd.
This would be 48,064 gpd more than the projected maximum capacity
of 210,000 gallons per day after improvements.
2. Future Land Need
Because of the limitations on septic tank placement in
Ocracoke, it is difficult to assess the amount of land that is
actually available for development within the Village. However,
the estimated 1986 population density for year-round residents
on the developed portion of the Village (about 465 acres and 651
persons) is 1.4 persons per acre. The 1985 seasonal peak density
was about 5.4 persons per acre. At the 1995 year-round population
estimate of 705 persons, the density would be 1.5 persons per
acre. A seasonal average by 1995, of 4,352 persons, would cause
the density to increase to 9.4 persons per acre. It should be
noted that roughly 310 acres (about 40%) of the Village is not
developable. Under normal urbanizing conditions, all of these
density levels would be acceptable. However, land availability
without the provision of basic infrastructure, limits adequate
support for even low -density development. Higher densities must
be supported by adequate community facilities or else controlled
or restricted.
3. Community Facilities Need
In summary, if moderate population increases, both seasonal
and permanent, continue; then Ocracoke will need to expand its
service capabilities in the following areas:
-- water supply
-- police protection (the possible addition of one or two
more officers for efficient law enforcement)
-- school facilities
-- recreational facilities
-- improved firefighting and rescue capability
-- improved surface water drainage facilities
Under generally favorable economic conditions, the attraction
to Ocracoke is likely to continue. However, three main issues,
i.e., the encroachment of development upon the Village's historic
and aesthetic character, previous problems resulting from lack of
land use controls, and inadequate provision of community facili-
ties form a basis for consideration of policy development by Hyde
County. Policy implications have been presented in this Section.
Actual policy discussion, with alternatives and specific choices,
will be presented in the following Section.
21

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1
PART II: OCRACOKE
POLICY STATEMENTS
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PART II: HYDE COUNTY LAND USE PLAN: OCRACOKE
SECTION II: POLICY STATEMENTS
Ocracoke, as a jurisdictional entity of Hyde County, is gen-
erally included under the policies stated under Section II,
Part I, of this plan. However, because of the presence of natural
and cultural resources on Ocracoke, which are not generally
located on the mainland, the development of additional policies
are appropriate. All of the five broad policy development areas,
i.e., Resource Protection, Resource Production and Management,
Economic and Community Development, Storm Hazard Mitigation and
Post -Disaster Recovery, and Continuing Public Participation, will
be addressed in this Section as they apply to Ocracoke.
A. Resource Protection
1. Natural Resource Areas
In the village of Ocracoke, the major natural resource areas
which need protection are the identified Areas of Environmental
Concern (AEC's). The AEC's in Ocracoke which are within the
County's jurisdiction include: Coastal Wetlands, Estuarine
Waters, Public Trust Areas, and Estuarine Shorelines. These areas
were defined and identified geographically on Pages 18 through 21
in Section I of Part I. All of these areas, which are part of
Hyde County's Estuarine System, are important natural resources to
both Ocracoke and the mainland. Therefore, the same development
alternatives and choices for Areas of Environmental Concern set
forth for the mainland will apply to Ocracoke. These policies,
including possible alternatives and implementation strategies,
were discussed on Pages 45 through 50 of Section II, Part I.
2. Cultural Resource Areas
In some ways, it is difficult to define all of the culturally
significant areas in Ocracoke. Because of its unique historic
character, the entire Village itself could be considered a cult-
ural resource of more than local significance. Hyde County recog-
nizes the historic significance of Ocracoke Village and the value
of protecting the Village as a significant coastal cultural
resource in general. The Ocracoke Light Station is on the Nation-
al Register of Historic Places, with the Ocracoke Village Historic
District and the Ocracoke Lighthouse Keepers Quarters being placed
on a study list for possible inclusion on the Register. Three
other properties in the Village have been identified as having the
potential for National Register nomination. These properties
include: the Lela Howard House; the Blanch Howard House; and the
Beverly Moss, or Big Ike O'Neal House.
In order to protect these areas from the encroachment of
potentially damaging development, the policy statement by Hyde
County on "Cultural Resource Areas" shall also apply to these
22

specific properties on Ocracoke and to others which may be iden-
tified during the planning period. The proposed implementation
strategy will also apply to the Ocracoke properties.
3. Constraints to Development: Physical Limitations
The physical limitations to development in Ocracoke, as noted
on Pages 14 through 16 of Section I, Part II, include both natural
hazards and man-made hazards. The primary man-made hazard on
Ocracoke Island is a small paved airplane landing strip. However,
this airstrip is located outside of the Village area and is within
the Cape Hatteras National Seashore Recreation Area. Natural
hazard areas which present constraints to development are the
previously identified Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC's).
most serious physical limitation to development
Perhaps the P Y
in Ocracoke is the condition of the soils in and around the
Village. An updated Soil Survey of the Outer Banks, which was
published in 1977, showed that there were several soil types in
Ocracoke which had "severe" limitations for both structural found-
ations and septic tank placement. This is particularly true
around Silver Lake, which is dominated by Carteret Low and Corolla
fine sands. Both of these soils have been identified by the USDA
Soil Conservation Service as being severely limited, without
proper modifications for septic tank placement and structural
foundations.
In recognition of these physical constraints to development
in Ocracoke, the Hyde County Commissioners will apply the same
policies on constraints which were stated for the mainland to the
Village. These policies, including alternative considerations and.
implementation strategies, were discussed on Pages 48-50,
Section II, Part I.
4. Constraints to Development: Capacity of Community
Facilities
The major community facility in Ocracoke is the central water
system. The system's capacity and service area was discussed on
Page 4, Section I, Part II, of this plan. The current capacity of
the water system, even with the addition of a fourth R.O.
machine, will still be inadequate to serve the needs of the pro-
jected 1995 permanent and seasonal populations.
Because of the soil limitations discussed above, the absence
of a central sewage collection and disposal system is also a con-
straint of important consideration. Even with suitable sand as
fill material, the generally small lots at Ocracoke could lead to
an overloading of effluent from the ground absorption systems
(septic tanks). This effluent could eventually reach the Estu-
arine Waters around the Village.
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I
As discussed in Section I of Part II, Ocracoke would benefit
from expanding recreational opportunities by perhaps hiring a
Recreation Director and/or -building a recreational facility for
youth, and by modernizing medical services and improving emergency
rescue services with the addition of a new rescue squad vehicle.
a. Policy Alternatives
Possible policy alternatives regarding managing growth and
development in areas with identified constraints in Ocracoke
include (in addition to those set forth for the mainland):
(1) Limit septic tank placement to compliance with State T
Health regulations as enforced by the County Sanitarian.
(2) Explore alternative means of solid waste disposal, such
as the development of high-pressure incinerators on the
island.
(3) Expand capacity of community facilities and services,
such as water, schools, recreation, police and fire
protection, and road capacity, as growth takes place and
as needed.
(4)
Request that the County pursue development of a public
water access facility in the Village, with attendant
parking.
b.
Policy Choices
Ocracoke Island adopts the following policies in addition to
those set forth for the mainland:
(1)
In areas with septic tank limitations, Ocracoke will
remain committed to decisions rendered by the Health
Department's Sanitarian, even if it involves a moratorium
on septic tank placement.
(2)
Remain to
committed exploring alternative means of solid
waste disposal.
(3)
Encourage the expansion of community facilities, espe-
cially in the areas of recreation (e.g., hiring a Recrea-
tion Director or constructing a community center) and
medical services (e.g., filling a dentist position).
(4)
Residents of -the Village would like to have some type of
water access facility developed which.is available to the
public, including Villagers and tourists.
24 1

5. Hurricane and Flood Evacuation Needs and Plans
Ocracoke will follow the prescribed Storm Hazard Mitigation
and Post -Disaster Recovery policy statements set forth for Hyde
County found in Part I, Section II E., Page 64.
6. Other Resource Protection Policy Areas
a. Marina and Floating Home Development
(See policy statements on page 50 dealing with the mainland.)
Hyde County has strong concern over the possibility or incidence
of floating home development in Ocracoke and the potential impact
upon water quality, especially in the absence of facilities to
support them. Therefore, the County cannot endorse the develop-
ment of floating homes in Ocracoke. For the same reasons, marinas
are not considered to be desirable in Ocracoke.
b. Maritime Forests
There are no areas designated or recognized as such in
Ocracoke Village. However, should areas in the Village be deter-
mined as maritime forests, the County believes these areas should
be protected from undue encroachment.
B. Resource Production and Management
Policy statements on the production and management of
resources usually are concerned with the extraction of economical-
ly valuable resources from the lands or waters of coastal communi-
ties. This policy area was discussed for the County as a whole in
Item B, Section II, Part I, Pages 51-55. Of the major issues
discussed (i.e., agricultural production, commercial forestlands,
commercial and recreational fisheries, and existing and potential
mineral production areas), only commercial and recreational fish-
eries is a relevant issue in Ocracoke.
1. Commercial and Recreational Fisheries
As presented in the discussion on present economic conditions
in Ocracoke, commercial fishing as an economic activity has great-
ly declined in importance in the Village. Tourist -related busi-
ness is the most important employment segment in Ocracoke. How-
ever, some commercial fishing activity and considerable amounts of
sports and recreational fishing are still being conducted in and
around the island's waters.
The Hyde County Commissioners and the residents of Ocracoke
would like to see productive fishing areas maintained and devel-
oped in order to further support fishing as an industry and as a
recreational activity. Silver Lake is classified as a "Prohibited
Shellfish Area" by the N.C. Division of Health Services, Shellfish
Sanitation Unit. This means that due to the documented presence
25

[l
of certain pollutants, or the presence of diseases in marine life,
the extraction of shellfish from the lake for human consumption is
prohibited.
Except for those statements dealing with agricultural drain-
age, the same policies for the support of fishing, which were
developed for the County as a whole, shall also apply to Ocracoke.
a. Policy Alternatives
(1) Support any private, State, or Federal activities aimed
at cleaning up polluted areas which are currently closed;
and
(2) Seek to protect and maintain primary nursery areas
(Ocracoke's Estuarine Waters) from the negative effects
of development, particularly effluent pollutants.
b. Policv Choices
(1) Continue to support the activities of private, State, and
Federal agencies dedicated to cleaning up polluted
areas.
(2) Continue to enforce septic tank placement regulations and
the County Building Permit Program.
2. Off -Road Vehicles
Off -road vehicles is an issue relevant to the ocean side
beach areas on Ocracoke Island. This area, as noted previously,
is under the control of the U.S. Park Service as part of the
National Seashore Recreation Area. Thus, the issue of off -road
vehicles is not a relevant one to Ocracoke at this time.
C. Economic and Community Development
The land development issues involving economic and community
development in Ocracoke are different from similar issues on Hyde
County's mainland. Major factors such as the economic base of the
Village, its land development pattern and density, and overall
increasing population growth rate, are all responsible for this
difference.
Other changes and trends in Ocracoke also have serious impli-
cations for economic and community development land use policies.
They include:
-- The adoption
for Ocracoke
development
overall land
and enforcement of
Village, which is
density in Ocracoke
use patterns;
26
a Development Ordinance
designed to regulate
and which will affect
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-- Slight decrease in permanent population from 658 in 1980
to 651 in 1986, but with a projected increase by 1995 to
705 persons;
-- Increase in the number of vacation cottages and second
homes (from about 208 in 1980 to 308 in 1985), in spite
of identified constraints (see Page 7, Section I,.
Part II);
-- The growing importance of tourism.
These are factors which must be given serious consideration
in adopting land use policies for Ocracoke Village. Some of the
issues which communities are required to address, according to the
Coastal Resources Commission's Land Use Planning Guidelines, are
not relevant in Ocracoke. These are, "types and locations of
desired industries" and "energy facility siting." Other issues
which are relevant to Ocracoke, but were covered under the
County's general policies in Section II, Part I, include "Commit-
ment to State and Federal Programs" and "Assistance to Channel
Maintenance."
Relevant issues and policy statements are discussed below:
1. Local Commitment to Service Provisions
1 Water
Currently, the only local service provided is water. The
Village Water Association, under the auspice of the
Ocracoke Sanitary District, intends to serve developing
areas within the current water service area. Areas which
are developing outside of the current service .area will
be served gradually over a period of years during the
planning period.
Sewer
A 201 Waste Water Facilities Study has never been con-
ducted for Ocracoke. Although preliminary discussions
between the Ocracoke Sanitary District and State offi-
cials indicate that if a central sewage collection and
disposal system is developed in the Village, user charges
would be too expensive for the system to be supported by
the current population.
Solid Waste Disposal
1 Throughout the planning period, the Sanitary District
will continue to contract with Dare County for solid
waste disposal. As the need dictates, this contract may
be expanded.
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Transportation
Ocracoke Island is concerned about an approximate two-
mile section of N.C. Highway 12 which is located close to
the ocean and is frequently flooded. Suggested alterna-
tives to alleviate this problem are: to extend the road
west, providing greater distance between the road and the
ocean; stabilize the beach area to help prevent flooding;
or relocate the ferry site to reduce the amount of traf-
fic on that portion of road. Ocracoke Island will ex-
plore these alternatives with appropriate State officials
in order to arrive at the best method of alleviating this
problem.
2. Desired Urban Growth Patterns
Ocracoke is the most densely populated settled area in Hyde
County. The compact development pattern in the Village makes no
distinction between residential, commercial, or institutional
uses. This incompatibility of land uses resulted from a histor-
ical lack of development and enforcement of local land use con-
trols. However, all future development in Ocracoke will be con-
trolled by a Development Ordinance for the Village, which will
definitely affect urban growth patterns. As development continues
in response to the Village's appeal as a tourist attraction, con-
tinued expansion of incompatible land uses may be mitigated some-
what. Additional controls, however, may be needed in the future.
r
a. Policy Alternatives
(1) The incorporation of Ocracoke as a Town under N.C.
Statutes, giving it local authority to protect and pro-
mote the health, safety, and welfare of the Village resi-
dents; and
(2) Requesting that the County develop and adopt additional
needed local controls, as development demands, for the
Village.
b. Policy Choices
and Implementation Schedule
(1) In Fiscal Year
1986-87, Hyde County will enforce provi-
sions of the Ocracoke
Development Ordinance.
The urbanizing uses
of land within Ocracoke must also coin-
cide
with limitations of
service provisions, and be consistent
with
policies regarding
protecting natural and cultural resources
(see
Ocracoke's Policies
under "Resource Protection," Page 24,
this
section).
r
28 1

3. Redevelopment of Developed Urban Areas
The area around Silver Lake is almost completely developed.
Silver Lake is perhaps the most scenic attraction in the Village.
The lake -front development currently consists of a mixture of land
uses, including residential, commercial and government, and insti-
tutional. (See the Ocracoke Land Use Map, attached to this plan.)
All of this development is not desirable from an aesthetic view-
point. The broad, sweeping vista which Silver Lake has the poten-
tial to offer is somewhat obscured by much of the current water-
front development.
It is the belief of the Hyde County Board of Commissioners
and the residents of Ocracoke that the natural aesthetics of
Silver Lake should be maintained and enhanced as much as possible.
a. Policy Alternatives
(1) Only development which does not cause major or irrevers-
ible damage to the natural beauty and aesthetics of
Silver Lake should be allowed along the waterfront.
(2) Land uses which are supportive of the desire to maintain
open enjoyment of the Lake's attractiveness will be
encouraged.
b.
Policy Choices
(1)
Continue to support only development and land uses which
preserve the aesthetics of Silver Lake.
Schedule
C.
Implementation
(1)
The County Commissioners, through the County Manager's
office, will seek assistance from the N.C. Department of
Natural Resources and Community Development (NRCD) to
provide information on funds for preparing waterfront
design alternatives.
(2)
Contacts with the Washington, N.C., office of NRCD will
be made in Fiscal Year 1987.
(3)
The County Commissioners, through the County Manager's
office, will, in Fiscal Year 1987, seek technical assis-
tance from the East Carolina University Regional Develop-
ment Institute and the Division of Community Assistance,
NRCD, Washington Regional Office, to prepare preliminary
additional development controls specifically designed for
the aesthetics of Silver Lake. These preliminary criter-
ia will show the potential impact of development devices
around Silver Lake.
29

4. Tourism I
Ocracoke Island continues to be a strong attraction for
thousands of visitors each year. Thousands of visitors board the
ferries from Cedar Island, Hatteras, and Swan Quarter to the
Village of Ocracoke. Figures from the State Ferry Traffic Report
for Fiscal Year 1984-85 indicated that 772,872 passengers used the
ferries going to and from Ocracoke. Many of those transient visi-
tors made substantial expenditures in the County and particularly
on Ocracoke. The North Carolina Department of Commerce, Division
of Travel and Tourism, estimated that in 1984, tourism accounted
for $12,094,000 in expenditures in Hyde County. Although no sep-
arate figures are available, the majority of these expenses were
likely generated by Ocracoke. Tourism is steadily growing in
Ocracoke, and is the backbone of the Village's economy.
Hyde County recognizes this importance and would like to see
those attractions and services which help make tourism effective,
enhanced, and protected, including adequate public water access
sites. As extensive as the shoreline around Silver Lake is, there
are no public access sites in the Village, either for tourists of
citizens. Public access sites, it is believes, would greatly
enhance tourism in the Village. The County's concern is also
particularly true regarding the continued operation of a viable
and dependable ferry service. It is the County's general policy,
therefore, to continue to support and promote tourism as a vital
economic activity on Ocracoke. Specifically, the County will seek
assistance in the planning and development of adequate waterfront
access facilities in Ocracoke Village.
D. Continuing Public Participation
The importance of continued involvement by the citizens of
Ocracoke Village in land use planning and governmental decisions
is a factor recognized by the Hyde County Commissioners. One of
the five County Commissioners is a resident of Ocracoke Village.
During the preparation of this Plan Update, a total of eight (8)
meetings were held with the Ocracoke Planning Advisory Committee,
all of which were open to the public. Two of these meetings were
advertised in newspapers. (See Appendix 2, and part I, Section
II, page 64.)
It is the policy of the Hyde County Commissioners to help
keep Ocracoke Village residents informed and involved in planning
and governmental decisions which affect them. The ongoing public
and private communications activities will continue, and include
the following actions through the planning period:
1. Publish notices of hearings and meetings of local import-
ance in The Coastland Times or other newspapers which
circulate generally in Ocracoke;
30

2.
Make public announcements on the Ocracoke cable TV;
3.
Continue to send notices of meetings, hearings, etc., to
leaders of civic clubs in Ocracoke and have them posted
on the Community Bulletin Board.
4.
Encourage the Village residents to relate particular
concerns to the County Commissioners by contacting the
Commissioner who lives in the Village, and
5.
The County Commissioners will continue its practice of
conducting at least two of its regular monthly meetings
during the year in Ocracoke Village.
6.
Hold informal, Village -wide meetings on various special
issues, especially when agency representatives or
officials are invited to address the citizens and/or
answer questions.
E. Storm
Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery, and
Evacuation Plans
As
a jurisdictional entity of Hyde County, policies in this
area for
Ocracoke are included in Part I, pages 66 through 78.
I1
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1
a
I
1
PART II
SECTION III
LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
1

SECTION III: LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM I
The five Land Classifications of the Coastal Resources
Commission were defined in Section IV, Part I, of this plan, which
focused on the mainland. (See pages 77-82). In Ocracoke Village,
three of these classifications will be established. They are
described below.
A. DEVELOPED
The developed class of land use provides for continued inten-
sive development and redevelopment of existing cities. Areas to
be classified as "developed" include lands currently developed for
urban purposes or approaching a density of 500 dwellings per
square mile that are provided with usual municipal or public
services including at least public water, sewer, recreational
facilities, police and fire protection. Areas which exceed the
minimum density but which do not have public sewer service may
best be divided into a separate class to indicate that although
they have a developed character, they will need sewers in the
future.
Ocracoke, as discussed previously, does not have a central
sewage collection and disposal system. However, the 775 acres in
the Village is a total of only 1.21 square miles. The projected
number of dwelling units will increase during the planning period.
Most of the Village already has a "developed" character, in that,
due to physical constraints of soil conditions, some areas cannot
be developed further. This classification includes all of the
currently developed or developing areas in the Village, with the
exception of the land area owned by the U. S. Coast Guard, the
State Department of Transportation (Ferry Office and Docking
Facilities), and the U. S. Park Services; and the border around
Silver Lake.
B. TRANSITION
Transition land is classified as those lands providing for
future intensive urban development within the ensuing ten years on
lands that are most suitable and that will be scheduled for provi-
sion of necessary public utilities and services. They may also
provide for additional growth when additional lands in the
developed class are not available or when they are severely
limited for development.
Most of the land area adjacent to the portion of the Village
g
classified as "developed," will be classed as "Transitional." As
the Village population grows, both permanent and seasonal, the
transitional areas will be needed to accommodate the additional
growth. Present constraints, such as septic tank limitations,
would be largely overcome if a centralized sewage collection and
32 1

Il
1
f]
I
disposal system were developed. The Village water system's lines
are also accessible to these areas. This area includes lands
North of the Old Cuttin Sage Lake areas, and the lands south of
the currently developed lands, to the Cape Hatteras National
Seashore Recreational area.
C. CONSERVATION
The "conservation" class provides for effective long-term
management of significant limited or irreplaceable areas. This
management may be needed because of its natural, cultural, recrea-
tional, productive or scenic values. This class should be limited
to lands that contain: major wetlands, essentially undeveloped
shorelands that are unique, fragile, or hazardous for development,
necessary wildlife habitat or areas that have a high probability
for providing necessary habitat conditions; publicly owned water
supply watersheds and aquifers; and forest lands that are
undeveloped and will remain undeveloped for commercial purposes.
By statutory definition, all Areas of Environmental Concern (i.e.,
AECs) are included in the conservation classification.
In Ocracoke, the conservation class, according to the
definition of the Estuarine Shoreline AEC, i.e., 75 feet inland
from the the mean high water mark, shall include the land area
generally bordering Silver Lake, the State and Federally owned
land to the North of the Lake. Also, the other Estuarine
Shorelines in the Village will be classified as conservation, and
the land area around and adjacent to the Ocracoke Light Station
and Keepers Quarters.
33

C
1
1�
rl
1
PART II
SECTION IV
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLICIES
AND LAND CLASSIFICATIONS

SECTION IV: RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES AND LAND CLASSIFICATIONS I
After the Land Clasification.System is developed, the Coastal
Resources Commission requires each land use plan to relate the
Policy Section to the land classification map and to provide some
indication as to which land uses are appropriate in each class.
A. DEVELOPED AND TRANSITION CLASSES:
The Developed and Transition classes should be the only lands
under active consideration by a county or municipality for
intensive urban development requiring urban services. The area
within these classes is where detailed local land use and public
investment planning will occur. State and Federal expenditures on
projects associate with urban development (water, sewer, urban
street systems, etc.) will be guided to these areas.
As Ocracoke grows moderately throughout the planning period,
the projected development will take place in these areas.
Appropriate land uses will be residential, commercial and
government and institutional. As is fiscally feasible, municipal
services will be extended or made accessible to these areas as
growth and development guides.
B. CONSERVATION CLASS:
The Conservation Class is designated to provide for effective
long-term management of significant limited or irreplaceable areas
which include wetlands, undeveloped shorelines that are unique,
fragile, or hazardous for development, wildlife habitat areas,
publicly owned watersheds and acquifers and undeveloped forest
lands and cultural and historical sites. In the Estuarine System,
development should be restricted to water -dependent uses such as
piers, bulkheads, marinas, etc. Policy Statement under Resource
Protection, and Resource Production and Management issues, for
both Ocracoke and the Mainland, address Hyde County's intentions
concerning the use of land within the conservation class.
I
1
34 1

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COMPLEX NATURAL AREAS
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FRAGILE AREAS "" ��—/ ' '
HYDE COUNTY
North Carolina i
y:sr•a...r.a..uua.:�:.�.._:.u......�.ra....w •.....y;�,;,�ra...::...rnaaQa.aa.�r.a ...-- ---

i
i
Office. Board of Commissioners
Michael T. Swindell. Currituck
J. B. Berry. Faafield
J. B. Cahoon. Lake Landing
Alton M. Ballance, Ocracoke
Hal G. Swindell. Swan Quartcr
APPENDIX 2
C19
SW/% Iq QUARTER, NORTH CAROLINA 27885
January 7 ., 198 6
Emily C. Thomas. County Finance Officer
Clifford Swindell. County Manager
Douglas A. Gibbs. Ass't County Managcr
Director2 FAA$ Southern Region
Attention: Ai. Traffic Div,., Docket n85-ASO-16
Federal Aviati=_Z Administration
PO Box 20636
Atlanta2 GA 3:320
Dear Sir:
We are opposed t.o the Military controlling any more airspace
over Eastern 1. _ •th Carolina. For your information find
enclosed a cor.. of our 10-7-85 minutes., including a resolution
calling for a .-:duction in the amount of airsr:kace cont_olled
by/the Militar•, in EixtarnNorth Carolina, Thank you for
allotting our c:.inty to comment on this important issue.
Sincerely,
HYDE COUNTY BOARD OF CODIIMISSIONEP.S
/dg
cc: 1%tr. :Gi_= . anti , Dir.. NC Div. of Pvia ti on

A
Tili: HYLE CIJU .11' BONt1J OF l)X1.11S ;1V;:[:12; 111:1•I) J'1Ti I:Iaa.11 ✓,It riCl•'J'ID; • :,I•,'i,
Li< IU;SM 7, 19b5
T1,C lu.•cLiny gxnicxp at 9:30 a;n by a wui d ul p,rayor by Jor• qph It. ! .:i • , .:
MIUIIL.�rs present 4-ere Chairn.'ul JOscl,lt B. Cahuun, hell Swind(A.l, /,ll•!� I!.!11:,!r_r•,
.Slt,i J. B. Burly.
Up._u1 notion by Alton Bclilarlce, s(-VUlIdvd l); 11,11 Sc:irnb,Jl that llr• rail. it,
of Li:.: laSL lwuLil,y Lu ul:l,ruved.
Lce.ui;.^,inner. rli):� Saiaxlell ClItLTc:ci the nK.,eL.iug at 9:9Utuu.
UI.Qt nutiun nude ley Hal Switalell, seconduLl by Mike SwilnlrAl, I11•11 n1.'It the
Tr1x 1kLnini.stral'or's rec omenclatiun a the Board c,li'vuiuissivu( r:; .! I ;-I t I ,
schedule of land values ana the revisim male to the nch(N iule a:: I •! , •::• •I, I ry l
Lu the Cuutussiuners. A copy of Lhis order will.. bo pnll,li!AI':4I in III,,
is On file in the minute dwlcet "xk lcrrltecl iil the RclJir-Jer ,.I" 1• -1:: t,p'li.•_:.
I'�Er�c:u,vZ Lve Iludjlyd Chapill net with the Bevrd. Ho active ime; 1:�t •,.
11011 SUttlunS oat with tile board to explaial the purl: -we of the Il;.b•
1laterfoal Cc>unit-Lec, geLtiny the trash dump at Fai.rfiel l cle,tu tip ! ; ,•;• 1
rwkcJ, also installing a fence aroulttl.. the dLlttq, was
also as1:t l the COmnissiuners. to Lake the necessary step,; to sL(•I• Ili• I
p>,•uking on his property lacaled at the intersection of Iliyhw ay I)] .u. I ::It 13t1r;
ill rairf ield.
1•Iotion Ly Mike SdiDlell, secon(led by .1_I1. 11^rry that 1110 Itctilnl •j" it.I.,
OXC\:UtivO session at 11:15 cull with Jack tLlsc»t to discus!, 1, 11
tkkiva nu,lo by Ilatl Swi.r,de.l.l, secomkxl by J. ft. Merry, tiara the I:!:n•1 ►•.•
Out of EXec:utive session at 11:50 cult.
'11te Ci: ;missioners not with the Board of FAucation frcvt 1:001111 t„
ti;eir uffice discussing fines and forfeitures in the schcx.,l lar:p•I.
[pqa ;;titiOtl ur1(1e Ly J. It. pte)'r9, socoixlc�.] by Altai R'i .:
l l _ mc-e, 1q
t :;tt liar Gtullly ; •1•'•p•t � •�!b1iC' p>.',rt ini till' pt�n �L;ut I! t n
I I I �r 9� hurl m t�l.n• .�; ,.•
i .;.. , .. ... .. ._:p•.... •inn. ,!.. .�, tIr .tii��.
ill Lhc: l:i_yisLer of U('c_l:; Ul I
1:ill.lillu, the Citi•Le1.' COUIIy Ittive 'coiIninUniLlf :,loon, II, •ir
t 1•,• p,.• ,,i I iL;tt i; ..•..1
11it:irT_>, it is not in the I:(rr:L iuC,-rv:;t of the 11111iUlry, 11— ••i
p i",,Ltli(n, tho elivirLuental effec:t:; Lu the rcrlion, t.Vullulnic !1­., 1, ;..•!,t
co' LI;e rcyiun, .1.i,1 cuSL effectiveness.
p,Ur: 'uIL'I:IaUM: BE IT JUZOLVKU that th(t folk?-Jing mil iLctry r}•!:I t wl. •1 ,
:a:nl Military OpQration Areas (DIJA's) he cltanycxi as tull(nrs:
1. Ualete the follcv.)ing speciai use air Space:
a) 12-5301 A, 11, C, and R-5302 (Ilarvoy Point)
1.) •pi-5313 (Stumpy Point)
c) Stu;q,y Point WA
11) Paaulico A NOA
r•) P.unlicu Ii rx!A
f) VR-73 (loa level mil. crainiuy route)
(j) VR-1057 level mil, training route)
h) Vlt-1058 (l(Yd level md. trainilr.] ruute)
i) Via-1753 (lv:I level ndl, training I:cute)
j) Vd-o5 (Loa level mil, training route)
)� Hatteras F r•X)A (lai level mil. training rotate)
11. lnstail a ralar system to hrovido lcra alt-itL0,? air troll i.. I i ;
a rvi.:e i;, ;astern !forth Carolina. Specifically, 1 i 1 l th,• rol,u ';•I•"
a::i�tin•; 1. t(:.cn Cherry r`oi.nt arrl Ct-!,fait Approacli CclnLrol. I'hr "t'i.I"'
c:roa ..; curr^ntl� Cut,t.rolled h'y Washinytun Center.

(rc\11ic12 tll(_' !;ha')
W."I ' ;� Wl Ir ar',' Lu l)lk)Vi'lL! 1111 :;.Ilk- 111111 1., 1
C.1J1.QL;!; CIWL . ldvrL;
L ru-_'Li In, 11-S.!Uu C aunt D Lu I It UV ill,.? ;.j J,!, q f j. 1. -1- ;11 k,11.j I I
U-12.211 Lu 2. 1.1%1 jjljalj,.I, frUli (JC:IUL!Jld novel Lu JUI;U
UU:-E ilM) in LJVII IICL'tillU.
J. 1.-:;vl u L j tl 1 1/'
Lulzul!JlL)tl.':IY adoliLcNI.
Ll!"n ;iK,titjlj -L)y
* lial soculded by hL[.(_
V, -v j!; ill,,
mUd. Tr. it I -.j:
I!; ,
• I'L 11 kJO It Pt'Vj!; i (.it I
No lkjof: 1'1.V.i!; i of 1 0:
1 k' I- I(J':- 1: P(WiS, iLA J 11 1-t:l,
Buhjol: PL2vi53j()ll
1:11--liCL ReVisiujls wo on file ill Plil_,UtL, Lx),jkul; Buril, 1u_aLtuj
CAL--N:hj.; UffiCO.
UP11 IlOti011 116ALle by lial S%ji 11'.1011, secoildcX1 by Mil'.(' SwLild(.11, iA;
tl.;It thO VcLercujS MUIRIME-Ifil: a9rCC-lignit; Le
until a
BILLS ' CJICOCS APPIOVED
IN TJJL Op
Ou
U
h,%e(!Lijjy adjOul-lied at 3:45 p. ill.
"YLE CUUNTY L',()AIU) OF CL)t,"ESSIONEIIS HELD ITS REGULAR
0011ILL11 21, 191,5,
Cii-iritian Joseph B. Cal'0011 called the MOoLilig to order al. 9: Cj
Swindell
C
offered praye.r. CullullisSioliers Burly, Pall
%V12re PrC,'LILL.
muLuil
ficol 11'L T.Si" , Seconded by J. rf
Lb
UbyL
-lLl
Lhelj1CS tr the 110eLing Held on October Ti985-
are
I—B.-Pu-
a1:0 r_Curdvd.
ltOLlie "'r"eZdL1l A. QuillLea Bell, rirst CulOny Farinz,
,let
ON111,1if-r-A -their pro!.fj!3al on P<.,,.,L- Illillin.il 15,DOU ;1,_r" Lh I Ig.
f. I of 1"Ill-A i­
Cocial Imot wiLh Ll.,2 DualLf Ckjll,:...
r-.,I:�lurLaliol,
Grant. Ito acLioji was L"j-011.
REZULM11.014
IlYdr- CcouilLy Depart.luoiL Of '0c"'
to iz-,ue chocks for
Llv2 IIYf10 CouriLy DSS pulld;
I

APPENDIX 3
HYDE COUNTY PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PLAN
FOR THE 1985-86 CAMA LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
I. Introduction
Hyde County, in compliance with requirements of the North
Carolina Coastal Area Management Act, is preparing an update to
its Land Use Plan. The purpose of this updated plan is to
generally re -assess growth and development trends of the County in
relation to the capacity of community facilities and development
constraints. Issues affecting the County's policies on growth and
development will also be closely reviewed during this plan updat-
ing process.
A significant aspect of the plan updating process is the
involvement of the County's citizenry. This Public Participation
Plan will outline the means by which the County will foster and
encourage such participation throughout the planning process.
II. Public Participation Plan
Public involvement in the 1985-86 Land Use Plan Update will
be generated primarily through meetings with two advisory commit-
tees to be appointed by the Hyde County Board of Commissioners.
The County Board of Commissioners will appoint an eight -member
Land Use Plan Advisory Committee for the mainland, and a five -
member Ocracoke Planning Advisory Committee for Ocracoke Village.
The advisory committee for the mainland -will be composed of two
citizens each from each of the mainland's four Townships, giving
an even geographic representation. All five members of the Ocra-
coke Planning Advisory Committee will be residents of the island
community. These two groups will b the primary vehicle for
citizen participation in updating the County's Land Use Plan.
These committees will work very closely with the planning
consultant in a series of "work session" meetings. Also, general
"public information" meetings will be held to present and discuss
issues before the general public. All such meetings will be pub-
licized through advertisements in local newspapers and posting of
public notices. Presentations will also be made before the Hyde
County Board of Commissioners. It should be noted that the meet-
ings with the advisory committees and Board of Commissioners'
meeting will be open to the public.'
III. Preliminary Meeting Schedule
The initial tentative schedule of meetings is as follows:
A. Meeting with advisory committees to review preliminary
development issues, November 6 (mainland), and November 7
(Ocracoke), 1985.

B. Public information meeting with citizens, December 2
(mainland), and December 3 (Ocracoke), 1985.
C. Meeting with the County Board of Commissioners to review
preliminary issues, December 2, 1985.
Other meetings and work sessions will be scheduled and appro-
priately publicized throughout the land use plan update process.
The above schedule is presented as being preliminary.
1
1
1
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' EXISTING LAND USE MAP
D A t t •, ,fig j{
RCSIDENTAL ,91 '
ow
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COMMERCIAL r' .
INDUSTRIAL
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Th• • ptepaMtion of trtls saowas
fiMnced ,n part throm t,. a orant'
provided W the. „ortn Carol&"
Coastal - nanabewent Pro**asy
thrOOQh fund6 "-provided by the
�] r Coastal Zone,. Nana4Mnent ACt of
A i� 4972, as amenden, .wpith i,Z.
E adnt,nLstered bv the Oifife df
C OceAn and Cloast31 R2sourer
!la„�ae hs' Imational Oceanic and,
OA SpRt;iQ AdR,nl Strat,On,
HYDE COUNTY
r NORTH CAROLINA
m•AR•e myTHE
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DMSION OF HIGHWAYS — ►LANNW AM RESEARCH MANCH
IN COONNATgN W1111 "a
V.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
/ FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
MAIN
� • � S S • rRr
• Y� i Alm
MOM NW Nctuoes ONLY STAR AMNTANO ROAD• SCALE KM MMIGEMSR•T1
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AZARD AREAS
FLOOD H
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MAP_8
LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP ,
DEVELOPED
TRANSITION
COMMUNITY
RURAL
CONSERVATION
t
R '\
ID
i
\I� DAR ,I
1T�
r,o aao
\ \ I
"he r.renarat Len of 'this was was
:Lnanced in 0art 2iroUan. a otar"t
proviare ev' !!+r north }'arolI
!� cuasta: Manaaew.ent Proaraa,
s ttiroucn :ur.os orovtded oy the
N coista. !one manaoement
A aenrnrstas I4menaed. which l.a
er.^d by the Office of
CC. "' ana cdastjfl Resourc-
Manae.— , xacLonal ORanie and
A !nloiDneric Administration.
HYDE COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
►RE►A1E0 SIT THE
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION Of HIGH WAYS — PLANNING AND RESEARCH IRANCM
04 COORSATMOra WITH M
U.S DEPARTMENT Of TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADAMNISTRATION
NOTE MIA► INCLUDES OnaT STATE MANTAINKI aOADS
OR IMPOVANT NON -SYSTEM 110A06.
MUUCA NOT 3NOWN ON RONTAGE SOADS.
IIOADS SHOWN AS OF IAN. I. Iha,
SCALE
0 1 7 i a asl
a st rsuu- _--
SCALE POd ENLARGER*WS
,am NMT c W "we ON mcn craw five aoamrw fRIY
N71rCON[ Pecu9c"ON

LEGEND_
-: �
y
PROPOSED RAMP ,'.
y r-� - v.
❑o o D RESIDENTIAL ��'--- / O
0 �r No
•\ . �� O QQ Q) ESN p0 The preparation of this map as
\ /
financed Ln rt thcouch a gran[
U.,�• D 0 0 O ORT� Coastal ManaOementby the ih Proarlam,,
COMMERCIAL �� �`� Cl N r� \ Coastal f°nds provided by the
O / Zone Management Act Of
C \ O "` ( \ ` administered*
as aaendeo, off ice
is
\ J admt.n,stered by the Office of
`+ Ocean and Coastal Resource
�`� \ L`4 O 0C %. f- ��\ \ Management, National Oceania and
GOVERNMENTAL &INSTITUTIONAL �� 4:<<. �_ \ ACmoaphenC Administration.
. Z. __
^%%_ 1 ' ­. tic, , ,� z•-...� O ` is '. \A .
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��1 W Y• 12
OCRACOKE VILLAGE
LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP,1986
MAP 10
1 "= 400'
NOTE: By definition, all Areas
DEVELOPED. of Environmental Concern
IAECs) are classified
"Conservation, and an
on -site investigation by
TRANSITION n ?1:\ p'rmit officF•rs is
� n-c..ss.,r; to 1I•rtermin.�
x,,- lucations ,. AECs.
4O
O- - - --- N
0 - - OCRACOKE ISLAND AIRPORT
CONSERVATION
i:OTF: A11 areas
not classified
_`-
.�� . -�/ --� ✓���_�
"Transition"
or "Conserva-
— �_ \� --
�"��--��--��--1--':_ r-/--
_
�-f "��-�- ^--
J—�— -��
�-
t i o n " a r e
classified a s ����
_ `y-
"Developed."
� ,�- L-
—���- -`- -�JI -�_
i, i �
�� — 2—
�--
-----� �—
�• -
.1_—' _�-
The preparation of this map vas
fin ncod in part through a grant
deg by the North ::arol
- 12"R6
,'_ 4 '
-�
prove ina
Cogstal Management Program,
°r0
�
��
through t unas orovided ov the
Coastal .'.one Manaaement of
c';-
19'2, as aaenaeo, which is
/ I,,i
aami nester ea by the office of
-
ol„ ..
Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management, ,�ationai oceanic and
A tmospneric Aaministration.
Talbert, Cox &Associates, Inc.
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