CAMA Land Use Plan-1992

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THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED FOR THE RESIDENTS OF
HYDE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
Debora S. Murray, Chairperson
Troy Lane Mayo, Vice Chairperson
Pascal Ballance
Sharon B. Gibbs
Alton M. Ballance
Clifford M. Swindell, County Manager
Angie A: Tooley, County Planner
LAND USE PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEES
HYDE COUNTY MAINLAND COMMITTEE
Martel Marshall
Katrina Rickard
Tom Mann
Vance Jones
Ottis Clayton
Terry McCall
Gwen Roberts
Melody Williams
OCRACOKE COMMITTEE
Wes Egan
Ellen Cloud
James Gaskill
Charles Runyon
Al Scarborough
Ann Ehringhaus
Craig Garrish
Alton Ballance
Dan Wrobleski
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROVIDED BY
Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Wilmington, NC

This plan is composed of three distinct and
separate sections. Part I deals with the
mainland, and Part II deals with Ocracoke
Island. Each section has its own set of
policy statements. Part III includes the
Post -Disaster Reconstruction Plan and
Policies, and addresses both the mainland
and Ocracoke Island.
17
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I:
THE 14AINLAND
Page
SECTION
I: ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
A.
Establishment of Information Base
I-1
B.
Demographics and Housing
I-3
1.
Hyde County Permanent Population
I-3-
a) Regional and County Population Growth
I-3
b) Hyde County - Pattern of Population Change,
I-5
1970-1990
c) Composition by Age
I-5
d) Composition by Race_and Sex
I-7
2.
Hyde County Seasonal Population
I-8
a) Introduction and Methodology
I-8
b) Regional Trends
I-9
c) Seasonal Population Impact - Hyde County,
I-12
1980-90
3.
Hyde County Housing Characteristics
I-13
a) Number and Type of Units
I-13
-b) Condition of Units
I-13
C.
Economy
I-16
1.
General Economic Indicators
I-16
2.
Relative Growth of Industries and Trades
I-17
3.
Tourism and Recreation
I-20
4.
Agriculture
I-20
5.
Commercial Fishing
I-24
6.
Real Estate and Construction
I-26
D.
Existing Land Use Summary
I-27
E.
Land and Water Use Compatibility Analysis
I-30
1.
General Discussion
I-30
2.
Unplanned Development
I-30
3.
Changes in Predominant Land Uses
I-31
4.
Summary
I-31
F.
Development Constraints: Land Suitability
I-33
1.
Topography/Geology/Groundwater Resources
I-33
2.
Flood Hazard Areas
I-33
3.
Areas with Soils Limitations
I-37
4.
Estuarine High Erosion Rate Areas
I-40
5.
Surface Water
I-42
6.
Slopes in Excess of 12%
I-42
7.
Manmade Hazards
I-42

Page
8.
Fragile Areas
I-43
a) Coastal Wetlands
I-43
b) Estuarine Waters
I-43
c) Estuarine Shorelines
I-45
d) Public Trust Areas
I-45
e) Outstanding Resource Waters
I-46
f) 404 Wetlands
I-47
g) Natural Resource Fragile Areas
I-50
h) Historic and Archaeological Sites
I-50
i) Maritime Forests
I-52
j) Other Fragile Areas
I-52
9.
Areas of Resource Potential
I-52
a) Agricultural and Forestlands
I-52
b) Valuable Mineral Resources
I-52
c) Public Forests
I-53
d) Public Parks
I-53
e) Public Gamelands
I-53
f) Private Wildlife Sanctuaries
I-54
g) Marine Resources
I-54
G. Development Constraints: Public Facilities
I-55
1.
Water Supply
I-55
2.
Wastewater Treatment and Disposal
I-55
3.
Solid Waste
I-57
4.
Transportation
I-58
5.
Educational Facilities
I-59
6.
7.
Parks and Recreation
Other County Facilities
I-60
I-60
H. Current Plans, Studies and Regulations
I-63
1.
Building Code and Minimum Housing Code
I-63
2.
Floodplain Regulations
I-63
3.
Hyde County Transportation Development Plan
I-63
4.
Hyde County, Engelhard, Swan Quarter and Ocracoke
I-63
Shoreline Economic Development Study
5.
1986 Hyde County CAMA Land Use Plan
6.
Implementation/Effectiveness of the 1986 Land
I-63
Use Plan Update
SECTION
II: PROJECTED LAND DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
A. Projected Population Growth and Residential Development
II-1
1.
General Discussion
II-1
2.
Year -Round Population Projections
II-1
3.
Seasonal Population
II-3
4.
Projected Housing Characteristics
II-3

Page
SECTION
II: PROJECTED LAND DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
(Continued)
B.
Projected Economic Development Trends and
Related Land Use Issues
II-5
1. General Economic Projections
II-5
2. Tourism and Recreation
II-7
3. Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
II-7
4. Manufacturing
II-8
5. Real Estate and Construction
II-8
6. Wholesale and Retail Trade and Services
II-8
7. Government Employment
II-8
8. Cross Creek Healthcare, Inc.
II-9
C.
Public Facilities Development Needs and Land
Use Issues II-10
1. Water Supply
II-10
2. Wastewater Treatment and Disposal
II-10
3. Storm Drainage
II-10
4. Transportation
II-11
5. Educational Facilities
II-12
6. Parks and Recreation
II-12
7. Other County Facilities
II-12
8. Health Care
II-12
D.
Redevelopment Issues
II-13
SECTION III: RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES AND LAND
CLASSIFICATIONS
A.
Developed Class
III-1
B.
Community Class
III-1
C.
Rural with Services Class
III-1
D.
Rural Class
III-2
E.
Conservation Class
III-2
SECTION IV: POLICY STATEMENTS
A.
Introduction to Policy Statements
IV-1
B.
Resource Protection Policy Statements
IV-3
C.
Resource Production and Management Policies
IV-8
D.
Economic and Community Development
IV-10
E.
Continuing Public Participation Policies
IV-16
SECTION V: LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
Developed
V-1
Community
V-1
Rural With Services
V-2
Rural
V-2
Conservation Classifications
V-2
APPENDIX I: GUIDE TO OUTPUT: NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
NATURAL AREAS DATABASE

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LIST OF TABLES
t
Page
Table 1:
Total Population and Percent Change for
I-3
CAMA-Regulated Counties, 1960-1990
Table 2:
Hyde County - Pattern of Population Change
I-5
1970-1990
Table 3:
Total Population by Age and Percent Change,
I-6
Hyde County, 1970-90
Table 4:
Percentages of Total Population b Age Group,
g P Y ,g P.
I-7
Hyde County, 1970-1990
Table 5:
Number and Percent Increase by Race and Sex,
I-7
Hyde County, 1970-1990
`
Table 6:
Percentages of Total Population by Race and Sex,
I-8
Hyde County, 1970-1990
Table 7:
Summary of Seasonal Housing Units for Coastal
I-10
Counties in Albemarle -Pamlico Estuarine Study
Area, 1980-87
Table 8:
Summary of Peak Seasonal Population for Coastal
I-11
Counties in Albemarle -Pamlico Estuarine Study
Area, 1980-90
Table 9:
Relationship of Seasonal/Permanent Population,
I-12
Hyde County, 1980-1990
Table 10:
1980 Hyde County Housing Summary
I-13
Table 11:
Summary of Economic Indicators, Hyde County,
I-16
1970-1990
Table 12:
Relative Growth of Income Producing Industries
I-17
and Trades - Hyde County, 1970-90
Table 13:
Rank of Industry by Employment and Earnings
I-19
Hyde County, 1970 and 1990
Table 14:
Growth of Personal Farm Income and Harvested
I-21
Cropland - Hyde County, 1970-88
Table 15:
Hyde County Estimation of Cash Farm Income, 1989
I-22
Table 16:
Commercial Fishing Landings By Year
I-24
Hyde County, 1980 to 1989
Table 17:
Annual Finfish/Shellfish Commercial Catch
I-24
Hyde County, 1980 to 1989

Page
Table
18:
Commercial Fishing Landings by Species
I-25
Hyde County, 1980 and 1989
Table
19:
Hyde County Land Use Changes: 1980-1990
I-27
(Estimated)
Table
20:
Minimum Surge Height, Still Water Elevation
I-37
Hyde County
Table
21:
Hyde County Soil Interpretation for Selected
I- 39
Developmental Activities
22:
Table
Estuarine High Erosion Rate Areas, Hyde County
I-40
Table
23:
Primary Road Traffic Counts
I-58
Table
24:
Estimated Enrollment vs. Design Capacity in
I-59
Hyde County Mainland Schools, 1990-91
Table
25:
Total Population by Age and Percent Change
II-1
Hyde County, 1990-2000
Table
26:
Year -Round Population Projections for Hyde
II-2
County, Excluding Ocracoke -- 1970-2000
Table
27:
Population & Percent Increase by Race and Sex
II-3
Hyde County, 1990 & 2000
Table
28:
Year -Round Mainland Housing Based on Projected
II-3
Population and Household Size for Hyde County,
Excluding Ocracoke, 1990-2000
Table
29:
Number of Building Permits Issued, 1985-1990
II-4
Table
30:
Relative Growth of Income -Producing Industries
II-5
and Trades - Hyde County, 1990-2000
Table
31:
Rank of Industry by Employment and Earnings
II-7
Hyde County, 1990 and 2000
I
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IMPS
Map
1:
Hyde
County,
Concentrations of Substandard Housing
Map
2:
Hyde
County,
Existing Land Use
Map
3:
Hyde
County,
Flood Hazard Areas
Map
4:
Hyde
County,
Storm Surge Flood Hazard Areas
Map
5:
Hyde
County,
General Soils Map
Map
6:
Hyde
County,
High Erosion Rate Areas
Map
7:
Hyde
County,
Areas of Environmental Concern
Map
8:
Hyde
County,
ORW As Adopted - Tar -Pamlico River Basin
Map
9:
Hyde
County,
ORW As Adopted - Pasquotank River Basin,
Tyrrell, Dare and Hyde Counties
Map
10:
Hyde
County,
National Register of Historic
Places/Properties
Map
11:
Hyde
County,
Public Facilities and Services
Map
12:
Hyde
County
Mainland, Land Classification Map

I
SECTION I
HYDE COUNTY MAINLAND
ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
1
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A: ZSTABLISEMENT OF INFORMATION BASE
The outline of this land use plan update for Hyde County
follows the general planning analysis suggested by the CAMA
planning guidelines that are outlined in Subchapter 7B, Land Use
Planning Guidelines, of the North Carolina Administrative Code
(amended October 25, 1989). The plan is divided into separate
sections dealing with the mainland and Ocracoke.
Section I of the plan, an analysis of existing conditions,
first identifies demographic, housing and economic trends that
have directed land development patterns with the county over the
past twenty years. The results of continuing development are then
summarized in a narrative description of existing land use. The
description of existing land use is followed with an analysis of
significant land use incompatibility issues currently facing the
county. The discussion of existing conditions also includes an
outline of physical constraints to development, consisting of a
summary of fragile land and water areas, a summary of areas with
resource potential, and a summary of existing community facili-
ties. The summaries of existing constraints to development
include discussions of land development/environmental conflicts
and community facility needs and issues that are to be addressed
by the policy statements. The discussion of existing conditions
concludes with an outline of existing local plans and policies
that regulate development.
Section II of the land use plan summarizes the expected impact
of continued land development during the planning period within
the framework of the physical constraints discussed in Section I.
Projected permanent and seasonal population growth, housing devel-
opment trends, and economic growth are summarized and analyzed
within the context of previously -defined land use issues. Commu-
nity facilities are discussed in terms of what services will be
required to meet anticipated public demand, whether or not exist-
ing community facilities are adequate or deficient in light of
projected demand, and how construction of new community facilities
will be impacted by, and impact, fragile areas and existing
patterns of land use. Section II concludes with a discussion of
redevelopment issues.
The identification of development trends and physical con-
straints to development required to complete this update was
accomplished through the use of three major reference sources.
The Office of State Budget and Management, State Data Center
provided a wealth of demographic and economic data. The Hyde
County Planning Board offered numerous comments concerning
specific pieces of technical information. Finally, the staff of
the Division of Coastal Management provided needed clarification
of issues and regulations throughout the data -gathering process,
and also provided the consultant with references to other state
agencies and state -maintained planning data.

A complete summary of the data sources and specific reference
material utilized to prepare the information base for this land
use plan update is outlined below.
DATA SOURCES
- Hyde County Department of Health
- Hyde County Department of Social Services
- Hyde County Manager's Office
- Hyde County Planning Department
- Hyde County Schools
- North Carolina Department of Commerce, Business/Industry
Development Division
- North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources, Division of Coastal Management
- North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources, Division of Environmental Management, Groundwater
Section
- North.Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources, Division of Health Services, Solid Waste Management
Branch
- North Carolina Department of Transportation, Division of
Highways
- North Carolina Division of Aging
- North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries
- North Carolina Division of Shellfish Sanitation
- North Carolina Division of Travel and Tourism
- North Carolina Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division
- North Carolina Natural Heritage Program
- Office of State Budget and Management, State Data Center
- United States Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District
Office
- United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service
I-2 1

a
IB. DEMOGRAPHICS AND HOUSING
1. Hyde County
Permanent Population
a) Regional and
County Population Growth
All except
four of the twenty North Carolina counties
regulated by the Coastal
Area Management Act (CAMA) experienced
a
net permanent population
growth from 1960 to 1990, as Table
1
indicates:
Table 1:
Total Population and Percent Change for
CAMA-Regulated Counties, 1960-1990
iCounty
Total Population Percent
Change
Overall
1960
1970 1980 1990 60-70 70-80
80-90 60-90
Carteret 27,438
31,603 41,092 52,556 15.2 30.0
27.9 91.5
Currituck 6,601
6,976. 11,089 13,736 5.7 58.9
23.9 108.1
Dare 5,935
6,995 13,377 22,746 17.9 91.2
70.0 283.3
Hyde 5,765
5,571 5,873 5,411 - 3.4 5.4
- 7.9 - 6.1
Beaufort 36,014
35,980 40,355 42,283 - 0.1 12.2
4.8 17.4
Bertie 24,350
20,477 21,024 20,388 -15.9 2.7
- 3.0 -16.3
Camden 5,598
5,453 5,829 5,904 - 2.6 6.9
1.3 5.5
Chowan 11,729
10,764 12,558 13,506 - 8.2 16.7
7.5 15.2
Craven 58,773
62,554 71,043 81,613 6.4 13.6
14.9 38.9
Pamlico 9,850
9,467 10,398 11,372 - 4.2 9.8
9.4 15.5
Pasquotank 25,130
26,824 28,462 31,298 4.7 6.1
10.0 22.1
Perquimans 9,178
8,351 9,486 10,447 - 9.0 13.6
10.1 13.8
Tyrrell 4,520
3,806 3,975 3,856 -15.8 4.4
- 3.0 -14.7
Washington 13,488
14,038 14,801 13,997 4.1 5.4
- 5.4- 3.8
Gates 9,254
8,524 8,875 9,305 - 7.9 4.1
4.8 0.6
Hertford 22,718
23,529 23,368 22,523 3.6 - 0.7
- 3.6 - 0.9
Brunswick 20,278
24,223 35,777 50,985 19.4 47.7
42.5 151.4
New Hanover 71,342
82,996 103,471 120,284 15.7 24.7
16.2 67.7
Pender 18,508
18,149 22,262 28,855 - 1.9 22.7
29.6 55.9
Onslow 82,706
103,126 112,784 149,838 24.7 9.4
32.9 81.2
Total 470,075
509,406 595,899 710,903 8.4 13.1
19.3 51.2
Source: Bureau of the
Census, U. S. Department of Commerce;
N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning.
The notable
increase in population growth in the
coastal
counties since 1970
is reflective of the well -documented
national
trend of migration
to non -metropolitan areas which began
in the
late 1950s. According to national coastal population change
data
published by the U.
S. Department of Commerce in April,
1990,
about 50% of our nation's
population currently live in coastal
areas. By the year
2010, the U. S. Department of Commerce
believes that the nation's
coastal population will have
increased
almost 60% from the
1960 coastal population. In the early
1970s,
coastal North Carolina
felt the impact'of this coastal migration.
Some of the factors
influencing the growth of the North
Carolina
coastal region include
expansion of military facilities,
indus-
trial decentralization,
and in particular, the development
of
recreation and retirement
centers.
I-3

The impact of growing retirement and recreation centers is
important in this study for two reasons. First, the development
of the coastal region as a recreational/retirement center requires
an analysis of seasonal or peak population as an integral part of
any land use or community facilities study. Many decisions
affecting land use and community facilities in coastal counties
such as Hyde (especially on Ocracoke Island) must be based on an
informed appraisal of seasonal population trends and projections.
Second, the growth of Hyde and other coastal counties as
recreational/retirement centers over the past twenty years has had
a significant impact on the composition of the permanent popula-
tion, and ultimately, the economic structure of the coastal
region. The average household size has decreased and the median
age has increased as coastal North Carolina has grown as a recre-
ational/retirement center. Also, coastal counties such as Hyde,
with high seasonal populations, have had a noticeable shift toward
a non -basic (service and retail) economy over the past twenty
years. Increased retail trade and growth of service industries
are the result of seasonal demand and retiree in -migration to the
coastal region.
The increased military and industrial presence in coastal
North Carolina has also influenced permanent population growth,
peak population growth, and changes in population composition in
Hyde and other coastal counties since 1960. The appeal of the
region to industry and the military -- availability of open space,
low tax and wage structure, relatively few "urban" problems --
also adds to its appeal to retirees and seasonal homeowners.
Table 1 indicates that Hyde County experienced a popula-
tion decline of -6.1% from 5,765 persons in 1960 to 5,411 persons
in 1990. Hyde County has a well dispersed, rural populace -- in
fact, there are no municipalities in the county. Hyde County has
the lowest population density in North Carolina and the second
smallest total population in the state (Tyrrell County has 3,856)
The county's lack of an established arterial road system,
utilities infrastructure (notably, public sewer system), and a
prevalence of unsuitable hydric soils (potential 404 wetlands)
make it less attractive to industry and large-scale residential
developers than many other coastal counties.
Hyde County had a population decline of -7.9% (462)
persons from 1980-90. This was the highest rate of population
decline among the state's twenty coastal counties. The 1990 U.S.
Census count placed Hyde's population at 5,411 persons, down from
5,873 in 1980. At least part of this population decline results
from a lack of employment opportunities in the county. Four other
counties -- Bertie, Hertford, Tyrrell and Washington -- in the
Albemarle/Pamlico Sounds region also experienced net population
declines during the 1980s. These counties do not have accessible
estuarine and oceanfront resources, nor are they located close
enough to the Hampton Roads, Virginia, area to experience spill-
over benefits.
I-4

The population decline of the 1980s reversed a population
increase which occurred from 1970-80. During this time period,
Hyde County's population increased 5.4% from 5,571 in 1970 to
5,873 in 1980. The growth spurt of the 1970s appears to have been
a deviation from a long-established declining population trend
which dates back to at least 1900 when the county's population was
9,378. The only other period of growth in Hyde County in this
century was a 1.96% increase in the 1920s.
b) Hyde County - Pattern of Population Change, 1970-1990
Table 2 illustrates the population patterns for the
mainland and Ocracoke Island areas of Hyde County since 1970.
Table 2: Total Year -Round Population Change and Percent Change
By Mainland and Ocracoke Island Areas - Hyde County, 1970-1990
Area Population Percent Change
Overall
1970 1980 1990 1970-80 1980-90 1970-90
Mainland 5,030 5,215 4,698 3.7 -9.9 -6.6
Ocracoke Island 541 658 713 21.6 8.4 31.8
Hyde County Total 5,571 5,873 5,411 5.4 -7.9 -2.9
Source: U. S. Census Bureau (1970, 1980 and 1990)-
As Table 2 illustrates, Ocracoke Island's population grew
by 31.8% from 1970 to 1990 while Hyde County's mainland declined
by -6.6%. Overall, Hyde County's population declined by -2.90.
These trends are expected to continue throughout the ten-year
planning period (1990-2000) and beyond. In particular, Ocracoke
Island will continue to experience extreme development pressures.
c) Composition by Age
From 1970-90, the percentage of individuals in Hyde County
between the ages of 19 and 44 increased dramatically while the
percentage of individuals less than 19 years of age and between
the ages of 45 and 64 experienced substantial declines. The per-
centage of individuals over the age of 65 also increased substan-
tially. The median age for the county increased from 29.7 years
of age in 1970 to 33.9 years in 1990. The chief factor behind
these trends is the natural aging of the population, a delaying of
child bearing by young adults, and to some extent an increasing
attractiveness of the area as a retirement center for persons aged
65 years and older. This is partially reflected in the growth of
the 65-74 and 75-and-over age groups shown in Table 3.
1
1 I-5

Table 3: Total Population by Age and Percent Change
Hyde County, 1970-1990
Age Population by Age Group Percent Change
Overall
1970 1980 1990 (1] 70-80 80-90 70-90
0-4 472 450 370 -4.7 -17.8 -21.6
5-18 1,686 11402 1,074 -16.8 -23.4 -36.3
19-34 910 1,426 1,350 56.7 - 5.3 48.4
35-44 509 563 736 10.6 30.7 44.6
45-54 596 532 520 -10.7 - 2.3 -12.8
55-64 681 614 502 - 9.8 -18.2 -26.3
65-74 419 564 466 34.6 -17.4 11.2
75 & up 298 322 393 8.1 22.0 31.9
Total 5,571 5,873 5,411 5.4 - 7.9 - 2.9
Sources: N .C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning;
U. S. Census Bureaul Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
(1] Detailed 1990 Census data were not available; therefore, the
N. C. State Data Center's revised 1990 population projections
were used.
Table 3 indicates that the fastest growing segment of the
Hyde County population since 1970 has been the 19-34 age group,
followed closely by the 35-44 age group. Each of these age groups
showed an increase of over 40%. It should be noted, however, that
most of the increase in the 35-44 age group occurred during the
1970s, and in fact, this age group declined in the 1980s by
-5.3%. The 65-74 and 75 and up age groups showed a significant
increase. All other age groups showed a decline.
The declines in the 0-18 age group during the 1970s and
1980s, along with the decline in the 19-34 age group (typical
child bearing years) during the 1980s, should mean decreasing
school enrollments and classroom demand. The increase in the
older age brackets, 65 and above, should mean an increasing need
for medical care facilities. Hyde County recently received a CDBG
Economic Development grant to assist in building a nursing home
health care facility near Swan Quarter. .
The trends in Hyde County's population by age composition
from 1970-1990 are outlined in tabular form below:
I-6

A
I
Table 4: Percentages of Total Population by Age Group
Hyde County, 1970-1990
Age Group
Preschool and School Age
Population (0-18)
Younger Working Population
(19-44)
Older Working Population
(45-64)
1970 1980 1990 [1]
38.7% 31.5% 26.7%
25.5% 33.9% 38.6%
22.9% 19.5% 18.9%
Net Change
1970-90
-33.1%
-47.0%
-20.0%
Elderly Population
(65 and up) 12.9% 15.1% 15.9% 19.8%
(1] Detailed 1990 Census data were not available; therefore, the N. C.
State Data Center's revised 1990 population projections were used.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
d) Composition by Race and Sex
The analysis of Hyde County's racial composition is an
important part of this study of recent demographic trends, since
changes in minority population profoundly affect issues such as
housing and local economic and community development in eastern
North Carolina. The white population in Hyde County grew by 15.6%
from 1970-80. However, a decline of 4:8% occurred during the
180s. The non -white population has declined steadily since 1970.
These changes are shown in Table 5.
Table 5:
Number and Percent Increase
Hyde County, 1970-1990
by Race and Sex
Category
Total Population
Percent Change
Overall
1970
1980 1990 [1]
70-80 80-90 70-90
Total White
3,268
3,777 3,596
15.6 - 4.8 10.0
Males
1,604
1,873 1,795
16.8 - 4.2 11.9
Females
1,664
1,904 1,801
14.4 - 5.4 8.2
Total Non -White
2,303
2,096 11815
- 9.0 -13.4 -21.2
Males
11111
984 824
-11.4 -16.3 -25.8
Females
1,192
11112 991
- 6.7 -10.9 -16.9
Total Males
21715
2,857 2,619
5.2 - 8.3 - 3.5
Total Females
21856
3,016 2,792
5.6 - 7.4 - 2.2
Total County
5,571
5,873 5,411
5.4 - 7.9 - 2.9
Detailed 1990
[ 1 ] eta led
Census data
were. not available;
therefore the N. C.
,
State Data Center's revised 1990 population
projections were used.
Sources: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning; "North
Carolina
Population
Projections" (1990);
U. S. Census Bureau
(1970,
1980 & 1990);
Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
I-7

From 1970 to 1990, the non -white male population
experienced a decline of-25.8%, while the non -white female
population declined only-16.9%. During the same 20 years, white
males increased 11.9% while white females increased only 8.2%.
Table 6: Percentages of Total Population by Race and Sex
Hyde County, 1970-1990
Category Percentage of Total Population
Net Change
1970 1980 1990 1970-90
Total White 58.7% 64.3% 66.5% +7.8%
Males 28.8% 31.9% 33.2% +4.4%
Females 29.9% 32.4% 33.3% +3.4%
Total Non -White 41.3% 35.7% 33.5% -7.8%
Males 19.9% 16.8% 15.2% -4.7%
Females 21.4% 18.9% 18.3% -3.1%
Total Males 48.7% 48.6% 48.4% -0.3%
,
Total Females 51.3% 51.4% 51.6% +0.3%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
The relative decrease in the non -white population since
1970 in Hyde County results from an out migration of non -whites.
This is accompanied by an increase of whites in the county. Part
of this white population increase is due to births and increased
life expectancies. But the majority of the relative increase in
whites is due to faster out -migration rates for non -whites than
for whites. Overall, the net migration rate for Hyde County was
-10.83% from 1980-90. Net migration is persons moving into and
out of the county. Net migration rates do not include births and
deaths, and are therefore only a component of the rate of popula-
tion change. The rate of white out -migration was -6.13% compared
to-18.86% for non -whites.
2. Hyde County Seasonal Population
a) Introduction and Methodology
In CAMA-regulated counties, a study of recreational or
seasonal population is necessary to any overall analysis of demo-
graphic trends. In fact, seasonal population is often more impor-
tant than permanent population in defining the impact of growth on
community facilities and fragile areas, particularly in oceanfront
counties. Additionally, the recreational population has a pro-
found effect on the economy of the coastal region, accounting for
a large portion of the non -basic (service and retail) economy and
indirectly impacting more basic industries such as fishing, agri-
culture, import/export, and manufacturing.
In the preceding section, population data from the N.C.
State Data Center and the U.S. Census Bureau was utilized to
I-8

[7
I
1
present year-round population trends. The estimation methods
utilized by the N.C. State Data Center for year-round population
(ratio correlation and administrative records) are not appropriate
for estimating seasonal population. Enumeration of housing units
is the most appropriate method of estimating recreational popula-
tion. In the housing unit approach, the total number of housing
units is multiplied by the average household size to obtain esti-
mated population.
For this study, extensive use will be made of a demo-
graphic analysis of recreational populations for the Albemarle -
Pamlico region prepared by Paul D. Tschetter of East Carolina
University in 1988. The advantage of the ECU analysis is that it
relies on an extensive empirical enumeration of marina boat slips,
motel rooms, and campgrounds in addition to private seasonal
housing units.
The study also includes an excellent approach to esti-
mating average population by type of individual housing unit. For
purposes of the ECU study (and this demographic analysis), "total
seasonal housing units" includes 1) all single and multi -family
private housing units used by the overnight tourist population
rather than the permanent population; 2) all motel/hotel rooms
(including bed and breakfasts); 3) all seasonal and transient
campground sites; and 4) all individual marina wet slips capable
of docking boats of a size and type which can house people over-
night. Marina'facilities•for fueling/repair only (no overnight
dockage), and those that only dock commercial fishing boats, are
excluded from the enumeration of seasonal housing units.
The ECU study has been used in conjunction with data from
a recent CAMA-sponsored study on coastal development and permanent
population trends to prepare the following outline of recent
seasonal demographic trends for Hyde County. NOTE: The ECU
analysis of seasonal housing units was performed using 1987 as the
base year. This analysis will establish 1990 as the base year,
with the assumption that the growth rates of all types of seasonal
housing units from 1987-1990 were the same as the growth rates
from 1980-1987 outlined in the ECU study.
b) Regional Trends
Based on the ECU study of recreational populations, all of
North Carolinats coastal counties experienced dramatic growth in
seasonal housing from 1980-90. The most significant growth
observed was.in private seasonal housing in the coastal counties,
particularly on the barrier islands. Predominant in the private
seasonal housing growth trend was the development of large-scale
condominium projects. Motel and hotel growth in the 33 counties
surveyed was highest in Hyde, Carteret and Dare counties. How-
ever, marina development was most apparent in the soundfront
counties of Beaufort, Craven and Pamlico.
E='1

The regional seasonal housing trends summarized
above are
outlined in quantitative format below for the
four oceanfront
counties included in the ECU study:
Table 7: Summary of Seasonal Housing
Units
for Coastal Counties in Albemarle
-Pamlico
Estuarine Study Area, 1980-87
County/Type of
Numerical
Percent
Seasonal Unit Number of Units
Gain
Increase
1980 1990
1980-90
1980-90
Hyde - Total 933 1,361
428
45.9
Private Housing Units 476 702
226
47.5
Motel/Hotel Rooms 102 208
106
103.9
Campsites 309 309
0
0
Boat Slips 46 142
96
208.7
Carteret - Total 10,935 17,599
6,664
60.9
Private Housing Units 6,448 11,634
5,186
80.4
Motel/Hotel Rooms 1,527 2,605
1,078
70.6
Campsites 1,699 1,937
238
14.0
Boat Slips 1,261 1,423
162
12.9
Currituck - Total 1,506 2,126
620
41.2
Private Housing Units 1,134 1,754-
620
54.7
Motel/Hotel Rooms 12 12
0
0
Campsites 315 315
0
0
Boat Slips 45 45
0
0
Dare - Total 11,810 19,321
7,511
63.6
Private Housing Units 4,922 11,179
6,257
127.1
Motel/Hotel Rooms 21816 3,987
1,171
41.6
Campsites 3,718 3,718
0
0
Boat Slips 354 437
83
23.4
Sources: Tschetter, Paul D., "Characterization
of Baseline Demo-
graphic Trends in the Year -Round and
Recreational
Popula-
tions in the Albemarle -Pamlico Estuarine
Study
Area,"
Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
According to Table 7, Hyde County's total
stock
of
seasonal housing grew 45.9% from 1980-90. The
county's
growth
among three of the four types of seasonal housing
units
more than
doubled from 1980 to 1990. These three types
of seasonal
housing
units were private housing units, motel/hotel
rooms, and
boat
slips. The ECU data showed no increase in the
number of
campsites
available in Hyde County. Hyde County's percentage
increase
in
private housing units was third to Dare County
and Carteret
County
(63.6%, 60.9% and 47.5%, respectively). Hyde
County posted
the
largest increases in motel/hotel rooms (103.6%)
and boat
slips
(208.0%) among the four oceanfront counties in
the ECU study.
I-10

The rapid increase in the number of recreational housing
units since 1980 has been paralleled by the growth of seasonal
population in the coastal counties. Although seasonal population
is difficult to quantify due to rapid fluctuations in occupancy
rates, the occupancy assumptions utilized for seasonal housing
units in the ECU baseline study are based on sound empirical data,
and the seasonal population estimates included in that study will
be utilized here. Table 8 outlines estimated seasonal population
trends from 1980-90 for the four counties included in the ECU
demographic study.
In the ECU study (and in this demographic analysis), "peak
seasonal population" is defined as the population that would be
enumerated in all seasonal housing units if all of those units
were occupied at full capacity, based on average assumed household
sizes for each type of unit. (One exception is that the ECU study
1 assumed an 85% peak occupancy rate for marina wet slips.)
Although "peak seasonal population" is based on a number of vari-
ables, it is a very useful statistic for planning purposes, since
it provides a logically -derived summary of the possible total
occupancy in seasonal units during peak overnight tourism periods
(Memorial Day, Fourth of July,.and Labor Day weekends).
Table 8: Summary of Peak Seasonal Population for Coastal Counties
in Albemarle -Pamlico Estuarine Study Area, 1980-90
County/Type of
Peak Seasonal
Percent
Seasonal Unit
Poppulation
1-9SUl99T—
Increase
i 9'8"0=70—
H de - Total
31463
81046
132.3
Private Housing Units
2,052
5,491
167.6
Motels/Hotels
357
11237
246.4
Campgrounds
927
927
0
Marinas
127
391
208.1
Carteret - Total
42,940
77,433
80.3
Private Housiffg Units
29,016
58,571
101.9
Motels/Hotels
5,344
9,115
70.6
Campgrounds
5,097
51811
14.0
Marinas
31483
3,936
13.0
iCurrituck
- Total
4,852
5,820
20.2
Private Housing Units
31742
41720
26.1
Motels/Hotels
42
42
0
Campgrounds
945
945
0
Marinas
123
123
0
Dare - Total
441,137
73,332
66.1
riva a ousing Units
22,149
47,019
112.3
Motels/Hotels
91856
13,953
41.6
Campgrounds
11,154
11,154
0
Marinas
978
11206
23.3
"Characterization
Source: Tschetter,Pau l D.,
of Baseline Demo-
i
graphic.Trends n the Year -Round and
Recreational
Populations
in the Albemarle -Pamlico
Estuarine Study Area"

The percentage increases in seasonal population shown in
Table 8 closely parallel the increases in seasonal units depicted
in Table 7. Of the four counties surveyed, Hyde County had the
largest rate of seasonal population increase from 1980-90, with
132.3%.
c) Seasonal Population Impact - Hyde County, 1980-90
The seasonal population fluctuations in Hyde County,
particularly on Ocracoke Island, create problems for local
planners and administrators. A large amount of public services
planning must be based on estimates of seasonal growth patterns
which affect only isolated portions of the county. The increasing
impact of the seasonal population in Hyde County is depicted in
Table 9, which outlines the increasing percentage of seasonal
population in relation to permanent population in Hyde County in
1990.
Table 9:
Permanent
Year Population
1980 5,873
1990 5,411
Percentage
Increase
Relationship of Seasonal Permanent Population
Hyde County, 1980-1990
% of
Peak
% of
Total Peak
Seasonal
Total Peak
Total Peak
Recreation
Population
Population
Population
Population[l]
Ratio[2]
62.9%
3,463
37.1%
9,336
1.59
40.2%
8,046
59.8%
13,457
2.49
1980-1990 8.5% - 232.3% - 144.1% 56.6%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
[1] "Total Peak Population" is the sum of permanent population and peak
seasonal population.
[2] "Recreation Ratio" is the ratio of peak population to permanent
population.

3. Hyde County Housing Characteristics
a) Number and Type of Units
Detailed 1990 housing characteristics were not available
for Hyde County. In addition, specific county housing records are
not maintained. Thus, the most recent detailed housing data is
provided by the 1980 census. Table 10 provides a summary of 1980
Hyde County housing types and household size.
Table 10: 1980 Hyde County Housing Summary
Item Total County Mainland Ocracoke
Total Units
Vacant Seasonal & Migratory
2,836
293
2,397
136
439
157
Year -Round Units
2,543
2,261
282
Vacant Year -Round Units
514
462
52
Occupied Year -Round Units
2,029
1,799
230
Year -Round Mobile Home Units
269
232
37
Persons in Occupied Units
5,859
5,209
650
Average Household Size
2.89
2.89
2.83
Source: 1980 U. S. Census
7_�
By 1990, the total number of dwelling units on the main-
land had increased to 2,905 total units including approximately
811 vacant units. Thus, from 1980 to 1990, the number of mainland
occupied dwelling units increased from 1,799 to 2,094. The
average persons in occupied units decreased to 2.24. This was a
significant decrease in average person per household, but was
reflective of the decrease in mainland population from 1980 to
1990.
By 1990, approximately 900 mainland dwelling units, 370 of
the mainland housing stock, were 40 years old or older. The age
and condition of the mainland housing stock are a continuing Hyde
County problem. The county does have a minimum housing code.
However, vigorous enforcement of the code on occupied substandard
dwellings is difficult because the supply of standard affordable
housing is extremely limited. Most of the vacant mainland
dwelling units are substandard.
b) Condition of Units
Despite participation in several past CDBG housing
projects, the Section 8 program, weatherization programs, and FmHA
housing programs, a lack of standard housing continues to be one
of the most critical community development needs. CDBG projects
have been completed in the following communities: Saint Lydia,
Fairfield, Nebraska, Scranton, and Slocum. Over 16% of the main-
land dwellings lack complete plumbing facilities, and 22% lack
complete kitchen facilities. Although the county has a public
I-13

17
L-.
water system, many residents are not served because the isolated,
sparsely -populated composition of many communities makes waterline
extension impossible from a cost/benefit standpoint. Provision of
adequate water supply and sanitary facilities, structural improve-
ments, weatherization improvements, and fire hazard removal are
major problems facing many of the county's communities.
A major housing need of the low and moderate (LMI)
r
populace of Hyde County is the lack of standard affordable
housing. This lack of affordable housing is a major obstacle to
economic development since it restricts the availability of labor
in areas where industrial development could otherwise occur.
Also, existing housing owned and occupied by LMI households is
generally in poorer condition than housing occupied by more
affluent households due to the occupants' financial inability to
make needed repairs. This problem is.compounded by the fact that
many LMI tenants cannot afford to pay enough rent to justify the
expense of rehabilitation by the landlord. The result is a
gradual degradation of structural conditions and an increase of
blighting conditions in areas occupied by LMI households through-
out the county. The county's CDBG applications have documented
the fact that well over 800 of the occupants of communities or
neighborhoods defined as slum and blighted areas have low and
moderate incomes. The county"s concentrations of LMI households
and substandard housing are shown on Map 1.
The growth of new housing on the mainland has been
extremely slow. From 1970 to 1990, the total units increased
approximately 1,200 units. This represents an annual average of
only 60 dwelling units per year. Over one-half, 700 units, of the
total increase occurred during the 1970s. Thus, it appears that
new construction is decreasing commensurate with the county's
mainland population decline. The preservation of housing for all
mainland income levels will continue to be a primary Hyde County
need.

C 0 U N T Y
`• �ALSJ4
0
�MTRACOA L WATERWAY �t f
r PUNGO RIVER ;• . :
Ah
I—
LL
-n
LLI \
�0
o.
PAMLICO RIVER
The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972.
aa' amended,• whtch is -administered. by the
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management, National Oceanic and
Almosoheric Administration.
_L__—•M� T Y R R E L L
DALL1t AKE R
t
BAY
C O U N T Y
Oq L A K E LDLIFE
ATTAMUSKEET
NATIONAL REFUGE
MAM M A►o
,•�9 AW
C O
D A R E
C,
TO MANTEO X
1
IN
O
• �� :
\�
•. �:K� 26
,
•
• 9EL►+A
\\
LANDING
!
LEGEND
PAVED ROADS
...............
UNPAVED ROADS
CANALS
—
COUNTY LINE
26a
U.S. NUMBERED HIGHWAY
QN.C.
NUMBERED HIGHWAY
SECONDARY ROAD
nt0
NUMBER
6
NEW HOLLAND ::::::•::•••::•
CONCENTRATED AREAS OF
wro�ww SUBSTANDARD HOUSING
'
LJ&.ND
EAST BLUFF BAY
HYDE COUNTY
v CONCENTRATIONS OF
0 SUBSTANDARD HOUSING
5 MAP I
SCALE
I a 1 2 S ♦ MLES
I-15

C. ECONOMY
1. General Economic Indicators
The Hyde County mainland has depended heavily on its land and
water resources to support its local economy. Manufacturing and
retail trade have not prospered in the mainland economy. In addi-
tion, the mainland has not significantly benefited from tourist -
related activities. Services and government employment have been
important to the mainland economy and have provided some stabil-
izing influence.
The county's unemployment rate is normally above the state
average. However, this is typical of coastal counties having high
numbers of seasonally employed people.
Table .11 provides a summary of important basic economic
indicators from 1970 to 1990.
Table 11: Summary of Economic Indicators
Hyde County, 1970-1990*
% Change
Indicator 1970 1980 1990 1970-90
Per Capita Income 21227 5,519 9,731 337.0%
Total Personal Income 12,418 32,348 61,700 396.8%
(Thousands of $)
Gross Retail Sales 5,597 18,732 28,147 402.9%
(Thousands of $)
Total Employed Labor Force 1,820 2,830 2,547 40.0%
Sources: 1) 1970, 1980 and all Gross Retail Sales figures.
LINC County Profile, N.C. State Data Center, Office of
State Planning.
2) Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic
Analysis Division, N.C. Department of Commerce.
*Includes Ocracoke.
Notes:
The source for 1990, 1995, and 2000 earnings projections is the Regional Economic Analysis
Division, U.S. Department of Commerce, projected in 1972 dollars. For consistency in this
report, the 1972 dollar figures are converted to 1988 dollars using a Cumulative Price Index
multiplier ratio of CPI 1988/CPI 1972.
Employment figures for 1970 and 1980 are from State Data Center, N.C. Office of State Planning.
The projections for 1990 and 2000 are County -Level Projections, 1990-2035, U.S. Department of
Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis (1986), Regional Economic Analysis Division. Some
categories contained significant discrepancies between the North Carolina estimates and federal
estimates, while some categories were consistent from both sources.
'I-16

While Table 11 provides some positive economic indicators, it
also provides some troublesome data. From 1970 to 1980, the total
employed labor force increased by only 12.1%. Of more serious
concern is the fact that the employed labor force fell from a high
of 2,830 in 1980 to the 1990 total of 2,547. This wasa decrease
of 10.0%. The previous decade experienced a 55.5% increase
(reflecting activity on Ocracoke). Annual swings in employment
will continue to occur as a result of fluctuations in the agricul-
tural and commercial fishing industries. The economy did show
some significant 20-year gains in per capita income, total per-
sonal income and gross retail sales. These increases were consis-
tently spread over the 1970 to 1988 period.
It is emphasized that income and sales figures for the main-
land alone would be significantly lower if Ocracoke data was
isolated from the figures.
2. Relative Growth of Industries and Trades
The following table provides the relative growth, by earnings
and employment, of Hyde County's industries and trades from 1970
to 1988.
Table 12: Relative Growth of Income -Producing Industries and
Trades - Hyde County, 1970-90
% Change
Industry 1970 1980 1990 1970-90
Personal Earnings [1]
(Thousands of $)
Total 10,918 24,945 34,405 215.1%
Farm Earnings 21925 41719 3,578 22.3%
Non -Farm Earnings 71993 20,226 30,827 285.7%
Private Earnings 61429 16,012 22,531 250.5%
Agric. Serv.,
Forestry, Fishing 261 2,590 1,135 335.6%
Mining 0 0 0 0%
Construction 181 31146 4,164 2200.6%
Manufacturing 537 668 5,334 893.3%
Trans., Comm.,
,
Public Utilities 509 789 384 -24.6%
Wholesale Trade 622 2,373 2,205 254.5%
Retail Trade 1,092 2,194 3,098 183.7%
Finance, Insurance,
Real Estate 263 1,537 31683 1300.4%
Services 2,962 2,677 2,427 -14.7%
Government Earnings 1,564 4,214 8,296 430.4%
Federal Civilian 167 274 651 289.8%
Federal Military 123 418 818 565.0%
State and Local 1,274 3,522 6,826 435.8%
[1] Personal earnings are by place of work and exclude dividends,
interest and rent; transfer payments; and social security
contributions. They include proprietors' net income and wages.
I-17
i

Table 12, Continued
% Change
Industry
1970
1980
1990
1970-90
Employment
Total
2,225
2,572
2,547
14.5%
Farm Employment
Non -Farm Employment
869
1,356
556
2,016
570
1,977
-34.4%
45.8%
Private Employment
1,075
11604
11537
43.0%
Agric. Serv.,
Forestry, Fishing
112
247
240
114.3%
Mining
0
0
0
0%
Construction
31
274
230
652.0%
Manufacturing
165
132
245
48.5%
Trans., Comm.,
Public Utilities
23
15
12
-47.8%
Wholesale Trade
89
188
124
39.3%
Retail Trade
223
330
306
37.2%
Finance, Insurance,
Real Estate
45
145
177
293.3%
Services
387
273
203
-47.5%
Government Employment
281
412
442
57.3%
Federal Civilian
27
23
24
-11.1%
Federal Military
41
45
42
2.4%
State and Local
213
344
376
76.5%
ISources:
C
I
I
1) N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning.
2) Holland Consulting Planners, Inc..
3) Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic
Division, U.S. Department of Commerce
From 1970 to 1990, farm earnings increased only 22.3%, while
the total non -farm earnings rose 285.0%. The greatest gains in
non -farm earnings, based on projected earnings for 1990 from the
U.S. Department of Commerce, Regional Economic Division, were
2,200.6%, 1300.4%, and 893.3% in construction, real estate, and
manufacturing, respectively. The earnings increase in construc-
tion and real estate is directly related to the development which
has been occurring on Ocracoke. The indicated growth in manufac-
turing is regionally inflated and does not reflect actual employ-
ment earnings in Hyde County. A significant increase occurred in
government employment, both in earnings and absolute numbers.
This growth is indicative of the importance of the government
employment sector of Hyde County's economy. In addition (and not
adequately represented in the 1990 projection figures), the county
continues to rely heavily on its natural resources to support the
.agricultural service/forestry/fishing category of employment.
Earnings in this category will likely exceed the projected 335.6%
increase indicated above.
Both services and transportation, communication, and public
utilities experienced declines in earnings and absolute employ-*
ment. The decline in services, which includes service to the
agricultural industry, is believed to be a result of the
I-18

decreasing number of farms and decreasing holdings of private
forest/timberlands. The decline in public utilities reflects the
lack of population growth and increased automation in the
industry.
Actual farm employment decreased from 1970 to 1990. This
trend is the result of the growth of large corporate farms and
increasing mechanization. The number of small family farms has
steadily declined since 1970.
Overall non -farm employment has increased, but at approxi-
mately ,
mately one -sixth the growth of non -farm earnings. Most of the
non -farm growth has occurred in Ocracoke, further emphasizing the
disparity between the mainland and Ocracoke economies.
The greatest non -farm mainland employment growth occurred in
the government category (large gains in construction and finance,
insurance and real estate reflect activity on Ocracoke). State
and local employment lead the government employment increase. It
should be noted that manufacturing showed only small actual gains.
From a 1970 total of 165 employed in manufacturing, the total
increased to only 245 (estimated) by 1990. Stable manufacturing
employment continues to be a critical Hyde County mainland need.
Similar minimal employment gains can be'noted in both whole-
sale and retail trade. Most of the retail growth occurred on
Ocracoke. Very few of the 83 additional retail jobs created after
1970 were on the mainland:
Table 13 provides the 1970 and 1990 rank of
industry category
by employment and earnings:
Table 13: Rank of Industry
by
Employment
and Earnings
Hyde County, 1970
and 1990
Employment
Rank
Earnings
Rank
Industry (13 total) 1970
1990
1970
1990
Farming
1
1
2
4
Agricultural Services,
Forestry, Fishing
6
5
9
9
Mining
13
13
13
13
Construction
10
6
10
3
Manufacturing
5
4
5
2
,
Trans., Comm., Public Utilities
12
12
7
12
Wholesale Trade
7
9
5
8
Retail Trade
3
4
4
6
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate
8
8
8
5
Services
2
7
1
7
Federal Civilian
11
11
11
11
�.
Federal Military
9
10
12
10
State and Local Government
4
2
3
1
Source: Holland Consulting Planners,
Inc..
i

P-,
In 1970, the top three employment categories were: (1) farm-
ing, (2) services, and (3) retail trade. In 1990, farming retains
its top position, followed by state and local government (2) and
retail trade (3) based on employment. Increased employment rank
of construction and retail trade reflect activity on Ocracoke.
This trend is not indicative of a healthy Hyde County economy. On
the mainland, there is an overdependence on state and local tax
supported employment. In fact, in 1990, over 17% of Hyde County's
total jobs were in government. Most of those were in mainland
employment. The same trend exists in earnings. In 1970, state
and local government employment earnings ranked third. By 1990,
these earnings had climbed to number one.
The U.S. Department of Commerce projected improvement in
manufacturing during 1970-1990 from fifth to fourth largest
employer, and fifth to second by earnings rank is not reflective
of actual trends in Hyde County. In fact, manufacturing jobs,
independent from local farming. and fishing activity, are a
critical need in the county.
3. Tourism and Recreation
The Hyde County mainland has abundant shoreline resources.
However, these resources have not been effectively developed or
marketed as a stimulant for tourism. Recreational fishing has
also declined in recent years, resulting in a decrease in fishing
generated tourism. These declines in activity are reflected in
the decrease in employment and earnings -in the services category.
A lack of goods and services will continue to deter the develop-
ment of mainland tourism. The following excerpt from the Hyde
County, Engelhard, Swan Quarter and Ocracoke Shoreline Economic
Development Study highlights some of the obstacles to the develop-
ment of a -mainland based tourist industry:
"Community appearance and diversification of goods and
services are critical to the growth and development of
Hyde County. There is a widespread belief in the
potential of tourism on the mainland. While there are
opportunities, the lack of good restaurants, grocery
stores and lodging accommodations are a serious
hindrance. While local owners do not possess funds
for large scale improvements, amenities such as clean-
liness and exterior/interior aesthetic improvements
could go a long way in improving the community's
reputation and attraction to tourists."
4. Agriculture
As previously discussed, farm earnings and employment have
shown overall moderate gains since 1970. However, employment
peaked in 1980 and declined from 1980 to 1988. However, as shown
in Table 14, harvested cropland and total personal farm income
have increased since 1970. Again, these trends should be
attributed to the increase in large corporate farms.
1 I-20

Table 14: Growth of Personal Farm Income and
Harvested Cropland - Hyde County, 1970-88
1970 1980 1988
Harvested Cropland (Acres) . 50,500 69,600 80,400
Total Personal Farm 7,219 21,837
Income[l] (Thousands of $)
[1] Total personal farm income is all sales receipts of farm
produce and livestock and federal payment subsidies to private
individuals. (Corporate farm income is not included.)
Source: LINC County Profile, N. C. State Data Center.
Table 14 shows that the agricultural industry is important to
the overall county economy. Additionally, an important portion of ,
the wholesale trade industry is dependent on farming activities.
The continued and substantial increase of total personal farm
income indicates that sales of produce and federal subsidies from
cropland (unharvested and harvested) are an important source of
Hyde County's total revenue.
The primary farm production in Hyde County consists of soy- ,
beans, corn and wheat. Table 15 provides a detailed summary of
1989 Hyde County cash farm income. As indicated, corn, soybeans,
wheat, tomatoes and hog production lead all other farm commodities ,
in cash farm income.
Ei
I

Table 15: Hyde County Estimation of Cash Farm Income, 1989
Acres
Unit
Field Crops
Units #
Farms
Harvested Yield
Production
Amount Sold
Price
Total Sales
7
Corn for Grain
BU
*
38,800.00 100.0
3,880,000.00
3,880,000.00
2.60
10,088,000.00
@ 8
Corn for Silage
TON
3
300.00 20.0,
6,000.00
9
Wheat
BU
*
19,269.90 25.00
481,747.00
481,747.00
3.40
1,637,940.00
10
Oats
BU
*
1,054.40 40.00
42,176.00
42,176.00
1.70
71,699.00
it
Barley
BU
*
253.90 40.00
10,156.00
10,156.00
2.10
21,328.00
13
Grain Sorghum
CWT
*
85.10 45.00
3,830.00
3,829.00
3.20
12,253.00
14
Soybeans
BU
*
46,341.90 40.00
1,853,676.00
1,853,676.00
5.55
10,287,902.00
@ 15
Hay, All
TON
3
275.00 4.00
1,100.00
0.00
66.00
0.00
Acres
Unit
Veg & Berries
Units #
Farms
Harvested Yield
Production
Amount Sold
Price
Total Sales
@ 18
Irish Potatoes
CWT
2
413.30 210.00
86,793.00
86,793.00
8.90
772,458.00
@ 24
Corn, Sweet
5 dz crate
2
238.70 250.00
59,675.00
59,675.00
7.50
447,563.00
25
Cucumbers -Fresh mkt.
50 lb. BU
*
179.90 700.00
125,930.00
125,930.00
12.00
1,511,160.00
37
Tomatoes
60 lb. BU
*
109.00 250.00
27,250..00
27,250.00
17.40
474,150.00
@ 39
Other Vegetables
*
95.10
10,000.00
@ 41
Strawberries
PT
1
0.40 10000.00
4,000.00
4,000.00
0.54
2,160.00
Units
Nursery
Units
# Farms Harvested
Total Sales
@
48 Greenhouse Crops
1,000 SF
2.
45.00
50,000.00
Unit
Forestry
Units
# Farms Amount Sold
Price Total
Sales Nonfarm
Farm
51 Pulpwood - Soft
Cord
*
35,002.00
43.13 1,509,636.00 1,283,191.00
226,445.20
52 Pulpwood - Hard
Cord
*
13,882.00
37.50 520,575.00 442,488.00
78,087.00
53 Lumber - Soft
1,000 Bd.Ft.
*
13,191.00 171.00
2,255,661.00 1,917,311.00
338,350.00
54 Lumber - Hard
1,000 Bd.Ft.
*
2,141.00
96.38 206,530.00 175,398.00
30,952.00

Table 15 (Continued)
Hogs 6 Cattle
Units
# Farms
Units Sold
Unit Price
Total Sales
57 Hogs Sold for Slaughter
CWT
*
35,128.00
43.10
1,514,017.00
58 Feeder Pigs - Sold in County
CWT
*
650.00
72.00
46,800.00
59 Feeder Pigs - Sold Outside County
CWT
*
3,000.00
72.00
216,000.00
60 Feeder Pigs - Purchased Outside County CWT
*
1,750.00
43.10
126,000.00
61 Replacement Hogs - Sold In County
CWT
*
250.00
43.10
10,775.00
•
62 Replacement Hogs - Sold Outside County CWT
*
700.00
43.10
30,170.00
63 Replacement Hogs - Purchased Outside County CWT
*
506.00
43.10
21,809.00
64 Hog Summary
CWT
65 Beef Cattle Sold for Slaughter
CWT
*
3,000.00
59.00
177,000.00
76 Beef Cattle Summary
CWT
82 Dairy Cattle Summary
CWT
Other Livestock
Units
# Farms
Units Sold
Unit Price
Total Sales
@ 83 Sheep
CWT
2
10.00
22.00
220.00
Miscellaneous
# Farms
Production
Unit Price
Total Sales
103 Miscellaneous
*
13,333.00
1.50
20,000.00
FI 104 Government Payments
Dollars
Total
N
W
No. Farms
Conservation
163.00
Feed Grain
1,092,442.00
Wheat
47,354.00
Cotton
0.00
Other
0.00
1,139,959.00
Gain
1,612,378.00
Number Total Total
Horses Units # Farms Horses Value/Head Horse Value Number Sold Price/Head Sales
105 Quarter Horses Head * 20.00 1,500.00 30,000.00 0.00 1,500.00 0.00
@ Fewer Than Four Farms. Do Not Disclose Data Items.

1 5: Commercial Fishin
From 1980, the dockside value of commercial fishing landings
increased by 63%. This is a significant increase as compared to
other coastal communities which rely heavily on commercial fishing
as an industry. Simultaneously, the total North Carolina value
increased only 7.5%. The county's total annual poundage increased
only 6.9%. However, the total state poundage decreased dramatic-
ally by 53.6%. Table 16 provides a detailed summary.
Table 16: Commercial Fishing Landings by Year
Hyde County, 1980 to 1989
Hyde County
Year Pounds Value
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
13, 055, 684
10,251,798
9,537,139
9,190,366
10,121, 620
7,479,009
5,238,109
8,922,881
13,395,274
13, 925, 983
4,181, 970
2,956,523
3,457,336
3,632,096
3,286,808
4,470,615
3,734,769
4,829,627
7,698,443
6,819r235
North Carolina
Pounds Value
356,193,000
432, 006, 000
307, 968, 000
287,733,000
277,169, 000
214,874,000
168,882,000
157, 303, 000
191, 694, 000
165,197, 000
Source: N. C. Division of Marine Fisheries
68,784,000
57, 520, 000
63,824,000
57, 425, 000
57, 263, 000
64,593,000
63,231,000
65,700,000
77, 511, 000
73, 958, 000
% of NC
3.67
6.08
2.37
5.14
3.10
5.42
3,19
6.32
3.65
5.74
3.48
6.92
3.10
5.91
5.67
7.35
6.99
9.93
8.43
9.22
It should be noted that Hyde County's percentage of the state
total for both pounds of catch and dollar value rose dramatically
from 1981 to 1989. This trend is indicative of Hyde County's
increasing importance to North Carolina's total commercial fishing
industry.
The commercial fishing landings were divided between finfish
and shellfish. Table 17 provides the annual distribution from 1980
to 1989.
Table 17: Annual Finfish/Shellfish Commercial Catch
Hyde County, 1980 to 1989
Hyde County North Carolina % of NC
Year Pounds Value Pounds Value Pounds Value
1980
5,752,304
$1,380,547
7,303,380
$2,801,423
13,055,684
$4,181,970
1981
4,094,486
1,193,810
6,157,303
1,762,713
10,251,789
2,956,523
1982
3,368,487
1,255,247
6,168,652
2,202,089
9,537,139
3,457,336
1983
3,861,067
1,242,140
5,329,299.
2,389,956
9,190,366
3,632,096
1984
3,830,105
1,390,709
6,219,515
1,896,100
10,121,620
3,286,808
1985
1,807,580
1,055,780
5,671,429
3,414,835
7,479,009
4,470,615
1986
1,832,257•
1,126,338
3,405,852
2,607,431
5,238,109
3,734,769
1987
2,414,672
1,530,614
6,508,209
3,299,013
8,922,881
4,829,627
1988
2,569,391
1,462,288
10,825,883
6,236,155
13,395,274
7,698,443
'
1989
2,838,364
2,087,006
11,087,619
4,732,229
13,925,983
6,819,235
Source:
N. C. Division of Marine Fisheries
I-24

Each year from 1980 to 1989,
shellfish lead the countY 's
commercial fishing industry in both
pounds and
value. Both cate-
gories showed annual gains for almost
every year from 1980 to 1989.
,
The annual value of both the finfish and shellfish categories
increased by over 51% during the
nine-year period.
Table 18 summarizes commercial finfish and
shellfish landing
(pounds and dockside value) for Hyde County in
1980 and 1989. In
both years, the finfish category
was lead by the crab catch. The
shrimp catch ranked a distant second.
Croaker,
flounder and sea
trout lead the finfish categories
in both years. It is significant
that in 1980 1,124,886 pounds of
unclassified finfish for indus-
trial use were caught. By 1989,
this total had sharply declined to
170,449 pounds. This was a serious loss of commercial fishing
income.
Table 18: Commercial Fishing Landings
by Species
Hyde County, 1980 and 1989
Pounds
Value
Species 1980
1989
1980 1989
Alewives 3,921
500 $
397 $ 75
Anglerfish -
2,080
- 1,050
Bluefish 210,180
162,265
28,991 32,878
Butterfish 120,721
25,508
3,870 7,868
Cobia' -
345
- 143
Catfish & Bullheads 120,115
621
2,055 123
Drum, Black -
912
- 96
Drum, Red -
24,164
- 18, 052
Eel, Common 16,887
-
19, 488 -
Flounders, Fluke, 1,060,192
684,666
524, 003 937,983
Unclassified
Groupers -
21,670
- 3,385
Harvestfish 13, 700
70,979
3, 725 6,344
Hickory Shad 30,810
-
251 -
Jacks -
2,988
- 393
King Mackerel -
9,041
- 12,039
King Whiting 80,163
5, 997
2,341 10,848
Mullet, Black 64j,695
970,411
120,056 59,169
Pigfish -
10,776
- 231
Porgies -
5, 501
- 30,899
Sea Bass -
1180,332
- 108,980
,
Sea Trout, Gray 1,3291802
514,255
247,485 313,404
Sea Trout, Spotted 111,866
14, 400
3, 475 140,764
Shad 7,734
38
41859 8
Sharks -
56, 871
- 46,978
Sheepshead -
70,006
- 1,162
Snappers -
40,004
- 9,133
Spadefish -
50,948
- 602
Spanish Mackerel -
13,851
- 41468
Spot 492,669 59,754 107,157 121,629
I-25 1

ITable 18 (Continued)
Pounds Value
Species
1980
1989
1980
1989
iStriped
Bass, Unclass
18,986
-
27,601
-
Sturgeons
21881
-
529
-
Swellfish
-
5,661
-
11,242
1
Tunas
-
1,532
-
332
White Perch
3,063
669
1,112
609
Unclassified for
1,124,886
170,449
53,359
4,202
Industry
'
Miscellaneous Finfish
1,879
5,974
1,137
31152
Total Finfish
7,303,380
2,838,364
$2,801,423
$2,087,006
Crabs, Hard
Crabs, Soft
6, 407, 989
-
9j,946,807
125,029
$1,117, 749
-
$2, 421, 853
250,058
Shrimps (heads on)
772,348
812,336
1,559,046
1,550,294
Oysters (meats)
1021,458
134,371
129,417
458,734
Squid
18,688
51,346
3,074
12,830
Misc. Shellfish
1,897
17,730
1,137
38,460
Total Shellfish
7,303,380
111,087,619
$2,801,423
$4,732,229
County Total
13, 055, 684
13, 925, 983
$4,181, 970
$6, 819, 235
Source: Division of Marine Fisheries
6. Real Estate and Construction
The majority of the real estate and construction activity
within Hyde County has occurred on Ocracoke. While residential
construction has occurred on the mainland, it has been primarily
for custom built homes. There is not sufficient mainland
population to support a market for speculative residential
construction.
I-26

D. EXISTING LAND USE SUMMARY
With a few exceptions, land use patterns in Hyde County have
remained unchanged throughout the 1980s. Detailed land use acre-
'
age data is difficult to obtain for Hyde County. Both existing
and historical land use data for the mainland is sketchy and often
based on estimates. Table 19 provides a general summary of land
use changes during the 1980s. The existing land use pattern is
shown on Map 2. Again, it is emphasized that these figures are
estimates. In addition, the data indicates a 6,006 acre decrease
in state owned property from 1980 to 1990. This is believed to be
the result of an error in the 1980 total for state owned property.
The majority of state owned property is located in the Gull Rock
Wildlife Management Area, and this area has remained unchanged
'
during the 1980s.
Table 19: Hyde County Land Use Changes: 1980-1990
(Estimates)
Change
Land Use 1980 1985 1990 (Acres)
'
Federal 76,403 76,403 105,116* +28,713
State 18,856 12,850 12,850* - 6,006
Urban & Built-up 2,730 2,930 3,030* + 300
Small Water Area 133 133 133 N/C
Cropland 79,187 97,636* 101,261* +22,074
Pastureland 1,000 2,126* 2,500* + 1,500
Forestland 188,911 175,032* 142,110*-46,801
Other (ditch banks,
roadways, etc.) 38,540* 38,650* 38,760* + 220
,
405,760 405,760 405,760
Sources: 1986 Hyde County Land Use Plan, and Estimates by
Holland Consulting'Planners, Inc.*
One the two
of most significant changes that has occurred in the
1980s is the increase in cropland. The existing land use map
indicates that large areas of forestland in the following areas
have been cleared for cropland: west of the Hyde County Airport,
between the Lake Mattamuskeet boundary and the Intracoastal
Waterway, east of the Outfall Canal and south of U.S. 264 in the
New Holland area, west and northwest of Lake Mattamuskeet along
the boundary canal, and north of U.S. 264 in the Swan Quarter
area. Almost all of the converted land is utilized for large
corporate farm operations.
A major increase in federally owned land occurred. The U.S.
Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
acquired 27,890 acres of land to establish a new national wildlife
refuge, the Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge. The refuge
has a total acreage of 93,155 acres located in Hyde, Tyrrell and
Washington counties. While this results in a decrease in the
I-27

i
i
1
i
1
i
The preparation of this map was financed
In part through It grant provided by the
' North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972.
as amended, which is administered by the
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.
v
0
5
LEGEND
PAVED ROADS
'•"••"......• UNPAVED ROADS
CANALS
—"—'— COUNTY LINE
I[Eit U.S. NUMBERED HIGHWAY
QN.C. NUMBERED HIGHWAY
lllo SECONDARY ROAD
-- NUMBER
— RESIDENTIAL
COMMERCIAL
— INDUSTRIAL
GOVERNMENTAL
® UNDEVELOPED LAND
FORESTLAND
AGRICULTURE
COASTAL WETLAND
CULTURAL,
ENTERTAINMENT 8
RECREATIONAL
MTUt COUNTY
EXISTING LAND USE
MAP 2
cut
i o i sz s s ►KEs
I-28

[1
1
1
forestland indicated on Table 19, the wildlife refuge does in fact
remain in forestland. The expansion of federally owned land has
serious financial implications for Hyde County because it takes
significant amounts of land off of the county's tax roles.
The following summarizes other existing land use patterns in Hyde
County:
-- The major built-up areas continue to be located in the
communities of Engelhard, Fairfield and Swan Quarter.
-- Residential development continues to be dispersed along
properties fronting on primary and secondary roads.
-- Major concentrations of residential development exist in the
communities of Nebraska, Middletown, Scranton, Sladesville and
Slocum.
-- Almost all of Hyde County's forestland may be considered
wetlands, subject to 404 wetlands regulation.
-- No significant industrial land use exists within the county.
-- Commercial land use is primarily limited to the communities of
Engelhard, Fairfield and Swan Quarter.
1 I-29

E. LAND AND WATER USE COMPATIBILITY ANALYSIS ,
1. General Discussion
Hyde County is not experiencing land use problems related to '
growth and/or development. In fact, a major problem confronting
the county is the stimulation of growth. The following summarizes
the major land use issues confronting mainland Hyde County:
-- Hyde County's major communities are not served by a
central sewer system(s).
-- The county does not have an industrial base.
-- 11404" wetlands areas and the controlling legislation
present obstacles to development and agricultural land
use. '
-- Increases in federal landholds are reducing the county's
tax roles.
-- The clearance of large traces of forestland for cropland
is increasing the surface runoff of freshwater into many
of the estuaries which border much of the mainland.
-- Support facilities and services to stimulate tourism are
deficient.
'
-- The county's housing stock continues to deteriorate as the
age of the total housing inventory increases.
-- Soil limitations for septic tank usage present obstacles
to development.
-- The shoreline areas of the Engelhard and Swan Quarter
harbors need to be renovated and all dilapidated
structures removed.
-- The Alligator River and Swan Quarter/Juniper Bay area ORW
designations and resulting controls limit development.
'
2. Unplanned Development
There are no significant land use problems in Hyde County
'
resulting from unplanned development. However, the unanticipated
establishment of the Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge has
resulted in an unanticipated loss of local property tax revenue.
'
Further acquisitions of any land by the state or federal govern-
ment would have serious adverse impact on Hyde County's financial
resources. While not the result of unplanned development, the
lack of central sewer service is and will continue to be a serious
obstacle to development. Innovative approaches to sewage treat-
ment will be needed to solve the county's sewage treatment
problems.
,
I-30 1

3. Changes in Predominant Land Uses
Except for increases in cropland and federally owned property,
no major changes in land use occurred during the 1980s. In addi-
tion, no major changes in land use are anticipated on the mainland
during the planning period. As discussed under the transportation
' section under Development Constraints, it would be extremely help-
ful to relocate the Swan Quarter/Ocracoke ferry terminal to the
Outfall Canal area. However, it is extremely unlikely that this
relocation would occur during the planning period.
If a central sewer system is developed, some changes in exist-
ing land use would occur. The density of development in areas
provided central sewer service could be expected to increase.
However, central sewer service also will not stimulate major
development. Other assets, such as a trained labor base and an
overall improvement in community facilities will be necessary.
Investments in public facilities and services will have to be
paralleled by the development of an effective private sector
economic development strategy. The foundation of a county -wide
strategy is provided by the Hyde County Waterfront Economic Devel-
opment Study which was adopted in fiscal year 1989-1990.
A major consideration which would have a significant long-
range impact on land use.is the effect of global warming and sea
' level rise -on Hyde County. The amount of sea level rise which may
be expected is uncertain. However, the general consensus is that
a sea level rise of 1.6 to 6.6 feet will occur over the next
century. Along the North Carolina coast, the average sea level
has risen approximately one foot over the past century. A five
foot rise in sea level would inundate more than 66 percent of Hyde
County (Carolina Planning, Fall 1990, Vol. 16,.No. 2). This would
result in the displacement of almost all of the county's existing
population. The rate of sea level rise appears to be accelerating
as the atmosphere warms. Thus, serious adverse effects of sea
level rise could begin to appear in the county in the 20 to 30
year time frame. Planning for the impact of sea level rise should
begin now.
' 4. Summary
The Hyde County mainland experiences a range of land use
issues and problems which are being experienced by almost all of
North Carolina's coastal counties. This section on existing land
use only highlights the problems. This plan must be read in its
entirety to fully appreciate and understand the complexity of the
issues confronting Hyde County. The policies included in this
plan must address the following issues:
' -- The need for central sewer service.
-- Low elevation and sea level rise.
' -- The development of "404" wetland areas.

-- Stimulation
of industrial and overall economic
development.
-- Development
of viable options for the disposal of solid
'
waste (refer
to Development Constraints: Public Facili-
ties, 4. Solid
Waste Disposal).
-- The to
improve facilities.
need
community
-- The need to
improve the provision of private sector goods
and services.
,
I-32
'

F. DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS: LAND SUITABILITY
1. Topography/Geology/Groundwater Resources
Hyde County lies completely within the Coastal Plain Flatwoods
physiographic region. The topography of the county is generally
flat with the only rare occurrences of ridges exceeding five per-
cent (5%). Elevations range from sea level along the estuarine
shoreline to approximately 18 feet above sea level in the vicinity
of Alligator Lake.
The county is underlain by sedimentary deposits ranging in age
from Cretaceous to Recent. The deposits form a wedge-shaped body
oriented generally in a north -south direction and ranging in
thickness from about 1,000 feet in the western part of the county
to approximately 10,000 feet in the Outer Banks area. The
deposits include beds of sand, clay, marl and limestone. Within
the central portions of the mainland, the deposits may be divided
into four major aquifer systems. These include the Cretaceous
sands; the Eocene limestone; the sand, marl and shell beds predom-
inantly of Miocene age; and the sand, marl and shell beds of post -
Miocene age in which water is not confined. The Miocene aquifer
system is the most extensively developed for water usage on the
mainland. Yields in individual wells range from 5 to 75 gallons
per minute. This water is generally satisfactory for domestic
uses. However, in some locations, supply is relatively high in
hardness and iron content.
2. Flood Hazard Areas
' Flood Insurance Rate Maps were prepared for Hyde County in
February, 1987, by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
' The 100-year flood serves as the base flood for the purpose of
floodplain management. The 100-year flood line represents the
level that water would reach or "rise to" during a flood that may
be expected to occur on the average of once during a 100-year
period. Thus, there is a 1% chance of a 100-year flood occurring
during any one year.
' Map 3 provides the approximate boundaries of the Hyde County
flood insurance zones which represent areas having flood poten-
tial. The Zone V areas are those areas which would be inundated
by a 100-year flood. These areas may also suffer some hazards
resulting from storm generated waves. Zone V generally extends
inland to areas where the 100-year flood depth is sufficient to
support a 3-foot breaking wave. Such wave action would normally
be associated with strong coastal storms. Because of the addi-
tional hazards associated with wave action, the National Flood
Insurance Program regulations require more demanding construction
procedures in those areas affected by wave action, including
elevating structures -on piles or piers. The second flood category
is the-C zone. This area is subject to only minimal flooding.
1 I-33

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
as amended, which is administered by the
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.
LEGEND
PAVED ROADS
................
UNPAVED ROADS
CANALS
' —
COUNTY LINE
26a
U.S. NUMBERED HIGHWAY
QN.C.
NUMBERED HIGHWAY
SECONDARY ROAD
ino
—
NUMBER
E
iYDE COUNTY
OD HAZARD AREAS
MAP 3
suet
I a I 2 3 ♦ mom
I-34

In 1986, the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers prepared maps of
coastal North Carolina which delineated the flooding which may be
expected to occur as a result of hurricanes. The maps were pre-
pared utilizing a computer base model named SLOSH, Sea Lake Over-
laid Surge From Hurricanes. The model plots hurricane related
flooding which may result from a number of characteristics includ-
ing wind speed, wind direction, time, tide, etc.
Map 4 indicates the areas of Hyde County which may be affected
by hurricane -generated storm surge. The following defines the
five storm surge categories:
Category 1. Winds of 74 to 95 miles per hour. Damage primar-
ily to shrubbery, trees, foliage, and unanchored mobile homes.
No appreciable wind damage to other structures. Some damage
to poorly constructed signs. Storm surge possibly 4 to 5 feet
above normal. Low-lying roads inundated, minor pier damage,
some small craft in exposed anchorage torn from moorings.
Category 2. Winds of 96 to 110 miles per hour. Considerable
damage to shrubbery and tree foliage; some trees blown down.
Major damage to exposed mobile homes. Extensive damage to
poorly constructed signs. Some damage to roofing materials of
buildings; some window and door damage. No major wind damage
to buildings. Storm surge possibly 6 to 8 feet above normal.
Coastal roads and low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising
'
water 2 to 4 hours before arrival of hurricane center. Con-
siderable damage to piers. Marinas flooded. Small craft in
unprotected anchorages torn from moorings. Evacuation of some
shoreline residences and low-lying island areas required.
Category 3. Winds of 111 to 130 miles per hour. Foliage torn
from trees; large trees blown down. Practically all poorly
'
constructed signs blown down. Some damage to roofing materi-
als of buildings; some window and door damage. Some struc-
tural damage to small buildings. Mobile homes destroyed.
Storm surge possibly 9 to 12 feet above normal. Serious
flooding at coast and many smaller structures near coast
destroyed; larger structures near coast damaged by battering
waves and floating debris. Low-lying escape routes inland cut
by rising water 3 to 5 hours before hurricane center arrives.
Category 4. Winds of 131 to 155 miles per hour. Shrubs and
trees blown down; all signs down. Extensive damage to roofing
materials, windows, and doors. Complete failure of roofs on
many small.residences. Complete destruction of mobile homes.
Storm surge possibly 13 to 18 feet above normal. Major damage
to lower floors of structures near shore due to flooding and
battering by waves and floating debris. Low-lying escape
.routes inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours before hurri-
cane center arrives. Major erosion of beaches.
1__J
1 I-35

A S. H I N G T 0 N
'.
i s:•
`
v
Z v .
O
i
INTRACOA3TAL Y//iTERWAMY
r PUNGO RIVER
! t
O
LL I
n \\
a v�W
p
PAMLICO RIVER
1
The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, Ihrou h funds p Y the
Zone. ganogemeni.Act of 1972.
Coastol
as amended, which is administered by the
Off Resource
of ocean and Coastal
is ........ L National Oceanlic and .
C 0 U N' T Y
BELL BAY p 84Y
ALLt�6� R
BAY
C .
p
LEGEND
V N T
Y
--- PAVED ROADS
T Y'
R R. E L L
��
A
R E ••""' UNPAVED ROADS
CANALS
v —
.\ COUNTY LINE
'•'` ':<`:>' :.''I
TO M ANTEO ). 264 U.S. NUMBERED HIGHWAY
l
N.C. NUMBERED HIGHWAY
Q
,gyp
j SECONDARY ROAD
�pc
1110 NUMBER
�r
ANA
!
.. i
26
\
t FAMM
IS
�
4
L A K E.
NAT.TAMUlKEET
NGELttA
`
O�
NATIONAL WLDLIFE- REFUGE
LEGEND
E LAN WG
1108
CATEGORY 1-2 SURGE AREA
�
u
i
f
CATEGORY 3 ADDITIONAL SURGE AREA
26 � HauHO
CATEGORY 4-5 ADDITIONAL SURGE AREA
pN
MY
•� �•NON-STORM SURGE AREA
I
.
+Fggx iuRIM I- A10
' . q eRfAT
+9� ItID
C 0
eq -HOG
ISLAND
t EAST BLUFF BAY
w\ Q
0
5
HYOE COUNTY
STOW SURGE FLOOD HAZARD AREAS
MAP 4
O 3CALZ s A MLES
t
I-36

�1
L
1
11
1
Category 5. Winds greater than 155 miles per hour.. Shrubs
and trees blown down; considerable damage to roofs of build-
ings; all signs down. Very severe and extensive damage to
windows and doors. Complete failure of roofs on many resi-
dences and industrial buildings. Extensive shattering of
glass in windows and doors. Some complete building failures.
Small buildings overturned or blown away. Complete destruc-
tion of mobile homes. Storm surge possibly greater than 18
feet above normal. Major damage to lower floors of all struc-
tures less than 15 feet above sea level. Low-lying escape
routes inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours before hurri-
cane center arrives.
The following table provides maximum anticipated water depths
for the various categories of storms at Swan Quarter, Engelhard
and Fairfield.
Table 20: Maximum Surge.Height, Still Water Elevation
Hyde County
Category Category Category Category Category
1 2 3 4 5
Swan Quarter 3.6 5.8 7.8 8.7 10.5
Engelhard 3.0 4.7 6.3 7.9 9.1
Fairfield Dry Dry Dry Dry 7.4
A long-range flooding problem may result from anticipated sea
level rise. This problem is discussed in detail in the section of
this plan which discusses changes in predominant land use,
page I-31.
3. Areas with Soils Limitations
Map 5 provides a delineation of the general soil types.in Hyde
County. Over 50% of the county's land area has soil conditions
which are considered good for agricultural production. However,
all soil associations have moderate to severe limitations for
dwellings, septic tanks, light industry and roads/streets. In
fact, over 75% of the county's area has severe wetness and flood-
ing conditions. Table 21 provides a summary of the soil associ-
ations and their limitations for usage.
I-37

...A . S .. H ..1 _N G T 0 N C.. G N T Y C 0
U N T y LEGEND
PAVED ROADS
6 5 5 5 � — = ! D A R E C, ............... UNPAVED ROADS
,\ ' '\ r! • � �,e+F"� [— Cy '-- ------ --�. O CANALS
/ 6 6 G2 '—'--- COUNTY LINE
( ALLIGATOR f �P1 teANTEO %` 264 U.S. NUMBERED HIGHWAY
/ �P°aQ N.C. NUMBERED HIGHWAY
•.. f
\�1 6 5 I nio SECONDARY ROAD
NUMBER
'�• 3 6 fun
P 5 �0
E 5
� J, �,RwAY 6 ��
Vt TAL "roe
z ' JN \
_' '•% 6 opr' " FAIR FIELD '• 2 26 \�
0 fi^� 264
LEGEND
PUNGO RIVER L
1 ys
.0
LL
\
W �� c
I
f
PAMLICO RIVER
The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
as amended, which is administered by the
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.
C
BELL BAY Or
i
�o LAKE MATTAMUSKEET
NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE
�3
u
i
7
26 NEW HOt
2
2 6
i j
3 �
R
(} EAST BLUFF BAY
a 0
J
0
5.
��j
MYATT-HLADEN ASSOCIATION:
G i
1 1
Poorly drained soils with gray to dark gray fine sandy
LJ
loam to loam surface layers and friable sandy clay loam
to very. firm clay subsoils
NEEKSVILLE-PASQVOTANK ASSOCIATION:
EVery
poorly drained soils with black to %ray very fine
sandy loam or silt loam surface layers over friable -
Il
silt loam or stratified sands.
HYDE-BAYBORO ASSOCIATION:
Very poorly drained soils with thick black loam surface
layers over firm clay loam to very firm clay subsoils.
4
CAPERS-NEWHAN ASSOCIATION:
Very poorly drained soils with dark gray silty clay
subsoils and loam surface layers over sticky, plastic,
silty clay subsoils and excessively drained gray to
dark gray sandy soils that contain marine, shells.
DARE-PUNGO-DOROVAN ASSOCIATION:
❑5
Very poorly drained soils with- thick to -moderately
thick organic surface layers over mineral subsurface
layers ranging from sand to clay.
PONZER-BELHAVEN-WASDA ASSOCIATION:
❑6
Very poorly drained soils with moderately thick to thin
organic surface layers and loamy subsurface layers.
HYDE COUNTY
GENERAL SOILS MAP
MAP 5
suu:
I a 1 z a .ems
-
I-38

M M M = M M M M M M M M M M M M M
Table 21: Hyde County Soil Interpretation for Selected Developmental Activities
% of
% of
Dwellings
With
Light
Roads
and
Suitability for
Soil Associations
County
Association
Septic Tanks
Industries
Streets
Agriculture
Myatt—Bladen
7
Myatt
55
Sev.
Wt.
F1.
Sev.
Wt.
F1.
Sev.
Wt.
F1.
Good
Bladen
30
Sev.
Wt.
F1.
Sev.
Wt.
F1.
Sev.
Wt.
F1.
Good
Weeksville—Pasquotank
11
Weeksville
65
Mod.
to Sev.
Wt.
Mod.
to
Sev. Wt.
Mod.
to
Sev.
Wt. Good
Pacquotank
20
Mod.
to Sev.
Wt.
Mod.
to
Sev. Wt.
Mod.
to
Sev.
Wt. Good
Hyde—Bayboro
12
Hyde
40
Sev.
Wt.
F1.
Perm.
Sev.
Wt.
F1.
Sev.
Wt.
F1.
Good
Bayboro
40
Sev.
Wt.
Fl.
Perm.
Sev.
Wt.
F1.
Sev.
Wt.
F1.
Good
Capers—Newhan
S
Capers
65
Sev.
Wt.
Fl.
Sev.
F1.
Cor.
Sev.
Fl.
Poor
Newhan
25
Sev.
LFC
Sev.
F1.
Mod.
Texture
Poor
Dare—Pungo—Donovan
20
Dare
35
Sev.
F1.
Sev.
F1.
Cor.
Sev.
F1.
TSC
Good
Pungo
35
Sev.
F1.
Sev.
Fl.
Cor.
Sev.
F1.
TSC
Good
Donovan
15
Sev.
F1.
Sev.
F1.
Cor.
Sev.
F1.
TSC
Good
Ponzer—Belhaven—Wasda 30
Ponzer 40 Sev. Wt. F1. Sev. F1. Wt. Sev. F1. TSC Good
Belhaven 30 Sev. Wt. F1. Sev. F1. Wt. Sev. F1. TSC Poor
Wasda 15 Sev. Wt. F1. Sev. Fl. Wt. Sev. F1. TSC Good
Source: United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Raleigh, NC, 1974.
NOTES FOR SOIL INT=PZMTATI0NS:
Moderate (MOD): Soils have properties moderately favorable for the rated use. Limitations can be overcome or modified with
planning, design, or special maintenance.
Severe (SEV): Soils have one or more properties unfavorable for the rated use. Limitations*are difficult and costly to
modify or overcome, requiring major soil reclamation, special design, or intense maintenance.
Abbreviations for Limiting FactorsL
FL. Flood Hazard
Wt. Water Table
Cor. Corrosion Potential
TSC Traffic Supporting Capacity
The suitability of soils for agricultural production was based upon the production of corn, soybeans, and other small grain
crops.

4. Estuarine High Erosion
Rate Areas
'
Hyde County has substantial estuarine waters and estuarine
shorelines. Erosion of the estuarine
shoreline can pose hazards
,
for some waterfront development. Estuarine high erosion rate
areas were determined by the Soil Conservation Service for 15
"reaches" along the Pamlico Sound and
Pungo River. The overall
average erosion rate is approximately
3.0 feet per year for Hyde
'
County's estuarine shorelines.
This
rate of loss could increase
in the event of a major storm.
The reaches are shown on Map 6 and
defined on Table 22. It is cautioned
that the erosion rates are
based on early 1980s data
and have not been recently updated.
Therefore, the data should
be viewed
as a general indication of
erosion rates and potential
problem areas.
Table 22:
Estuarine High Erosion Rate Areas
Hyde County
Reach No. 1
Reach No. 2
'
Av. width lost to erosion
75.0
ft.
Av. width lost to erosion
75.0 ft.
Av. height of bank
1.1
ft.
Av. height of bank
2.1 ft.
Length of shoreline eroding
16.3
mi.
Length of shoreline eroding
7.4 mi.
Length of shoreline accreting
0
mi.
Length of shoreline accreting
Total length of shoreline
16.3
mi.
Total length of shoreline
7.4 mi.
Reach No. 3
Reach No. 4
Av. width lost to erosion
75.0
ft.
Av. width lost to erosion
75.0 ft.
Av. height of bank
1.8
ft.
Av. height of bank
1.8 ft.
Length of shoreline eroding
14.6
mi.
Length of shoreline eroding
12.3 mi.
Length of shoreline accreting
0
mi.
Length of shoreline accreting
0 mi.
Total length of shoreline
14.6
mi.
Total length of shoreline
12.3
Reach No. 5
Reach No. 6
Av. width lost to erosion
75.0
ft.
Av. width lost to erosion
75.0 ft.
Av. height of bank
.7
ft.
Av. height of bank
'
.5 ft.
Length of shoreline eroding
13.8
mi.
Length of shoreline eroding
18.5 mi.
Length of shoreline accreting
0
mi.
Length of shoreline accreting
0 mi.
Total length of shoreline
13.8
mi.
Total length of shoreline
18.5 mi. '
Reach No. 7
Reach No. 8
Av. width lost to erosion
75.0
ft.
Av. width lost to erosion
75.0 ft.
Av. height of bank
.5
ft.
Av. height of bank
.5 ft.
Length of shoreline eroding
23.8
mi.
Length of shoreline eroding
'
21.8 mi.
Length of shoreline accreting
0
mi.
Length of shoreline accreting
0 mi.
Total length of shoreline
23.8
mi.
Total length of shoreline
21.8 mi.
Reach No. 9
Reach No. 10
Av. width lost to erosion
75.0
ft.
Av. width lost to erosion
75.0 ft.
Av. height of bank
.5
ft.
Av. height of bank
.5 ft.
Length of shoreline eroding
6.7
mi.
Length of shoreline eroding
18.8 mi.
Length of shoreline accreting
0
mi.
Length of shoreline accreting
0 mi_.
Total length of shoreline
6.7
mi.
Total length of shoreline
18.8 mi.
Reach No. 11
Reach No. 12
Av. width lost to erosion
75.0
ft.
Av. width lost to erosion
'
75.0 ft.
Av. height of bank
.5
ft.
Av. height of bank
.5 ft.
Length of shoreline eroding
19.2
mi.
Length of shoreline eroding
14.9 mi.
Length of shoreline accreting
0
mi.
Length of shoreline accreting
0 mi.
Total length of shoreline
19.2
mi.
Total length of shoreline
14.9 mi.
I-40 1

The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972.
as amended, which is administered by the
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.
4f F .
.\
C O
LEGEND
PAVED ROADS
............•••
UNPAVED ROADS
CANALS
' —
COUNTY LINE
26a
U.S. NUMBERED HIGHWAY
aQ
N.C. NUMBERED HIGHWAY
SECONDARY ROAD
ttto
—
NUMBER
)NTY
►TE AREAS
I►1 Flo
scue
I a 1 2 S a MLD
1-41

Table 22 (Continued)
Reach No. 13
Reach No. 14
Av. width lost to erosion
75..0
ft.
Av. width lost to erosion
75.0
ft.
Av. height of bank
.5
ft.
Av. height of bank
.5
ft.
Length of shoreline eroding
20.5
mi.
Length of shoreline eroding
15.3
mi.
Length of shoreline accreting
0
mi.
Length of shoreline accreting
0
mi.
Total length of shoreline
20.5
mi.
Total length of shoreline
15.3
mi.
Reach No. 15
Av. width lost to erosion
75.0
ft.
Av. height of bank
.5
ft.
Length of shoreline eroding
11.1
mi.
Length of shoreline accreting
0
mi.
Total length of shoreline
11.1
mi.
5. Surface Water
Surface water in Hyde County, though nearly all brackish, is
abundant. The quality generally is good and the waters are not
subject to acute long-term pollution. There has been concern in
recent years over the impact of freshwater intrusion into the
saline -concentrated estuarine waters, mainly from surface runoff.
6. Slopes in Excess of 12%
Topography in Hyde County is very low, and there are no steep
slopes in excess of 12% within the county's jurisdiction.
7. Manmade Hazards
There are no significant manmade hazards located in Hyde
County. Fuel for retail and wholesale distribution is located
throughout the county with concentrations occurring at the ferry
terminal, marinas, service stations, home heating fuel dealers and
-farms. Agricultural fertilizer and other chemicals are stored at
numerous locations throughout the county. However, these
chemicals are essential to agricultural production and are not
considered hazardous to adjacent land uses.
The most significant manmade hazards in the Hyde County
vicinity are the Pamlico B Military Operations Area (MOA), and
Restricted Area R-5314. The Pamlico B MOA covers the eastern
quarter of the Hyde County mainland and extends into Pamlico
Sound. The Restricted Area R-5314 is located north of Hyde County
and extends into the northeastern edge of the county in an
' unpopulated area. The Pamlico B MOA is heavily utilized for
military training flights which primarily originate out of the
Cherry Point Marine Corps Air Station. Much of this activity is
' for flights traveling to the R-5313 bombing range which is located
in Pamlico Sound between the mainland and the Rodanthe/Salvo area
on the Outer Banks. The R-5314 area north of the county is a
1 highly active area in which military flight activity focuses on
bombing ranges located in Dare County.
I-42

The county maintains the Hyde County Airport which is.located t
approximately three miles east of Engelhard. The facility has a
4,7.00 foot -paved lighted runway. The facility is located adjacent
to agricultural land use in an unpopulated area of the county.
The facility is not considered hazardous to adjacent land uses.
8. Fragile Areas
Fragile areas are areas which could easily be damaged or
destroyed by inappropriate, unplanned, or poorly planned develop-
ment. These areas include both Areas of Environmental Concern
(AECs) and other natural resource fragile areas, as shown on
Map 7. The following discusses each type of areas in detail.
a) Coastal Wetlands
The coastal wetlands are generally delineated on Map 7, Areas
of Environmental Concern. However, it is emphasized that the
specific locations of coastal wetlands can be determined only
through on -site investigation and analysis. Coastal wetlands
are defined as salt marshes regularly- or irregularly -flooded
by tides, including wind tides, provided this shall not
include hurricane or tropical storm tides. This area contains
some, but not necessarily all of the following marsh plant
species: Cordgrass, Black Needlerush, Glasswort, Salt Grass,
Sea Lavendar, Bulrush, Saw Grass, Cat -tail, Salt Meadow Grass,
and Salt Reed Grass. The coastal wetlands are vital to the
complex food chain found in estuaries. They provide marine
nursery areas and are essential to a sound commercial fishing
industry. Coastal wetlands also serve as barriers against
flood damage and control erosion between the estuary and
uplands. Approximately 10 percent of Hyde County's land area
includes coastal wetlands. The largest concentrations are
located around Bell, Rose,.Deep, Deep Cove, Swan Quarter, and
Wysocking Bays.
b) Zstuarine Waters I
Estuarine waters are generally brackish waters found in
coastal estuaries and bays. Within Hyde County they include
waters located within the Pungo River, Pamlico Sound, Shoal
River, Swan Quarter/Juniper Bay, and Alligator River ORW
areas, and the bays, rivers and creeks leading to those
waters. They are the dominant component and bonding element
,
of the entire estuarine system, integrating aquatic influences
from both the land and the sea. The estuarine waters are
among the most productive natural environments of Hyde County.
The waters support the valuable commercial and sports fish-
eries of the coastal area which are comprised of estuarine
dependent species such as.menhaden, flounder, shrimp, crabs,
and oysters.
I-43 1

A S 'H - I* N G T O N
L�.�.— — C 0 U N T y
r
T Y R R E L L
ALLIGATOR :7
LAKE
r
.�vt.
•. __
R
13
• �
:: fir;. �«�•
I
' • 264
r'•• ti!. �•'i
''
''' ';.
130
(TRACOASTALWATERWAY ,ii 4
':uSLs*.�u:-s:+rtr-�-ava..rC'
i•.:�;;j"
7
•:
PUNGO RIVER
i��y Y.Jv� �,. :�F.•..
^ 'J
_ yr 3J.
Qo
• - -SCAAN
Jf�.ALJi,ft�i: /t J/•
JM.
PAMLICO RIVER
C
0 U
oR_ N T y
ORW
L pL IwLDLIFE TREFUGE M U S K E E T
NT A
% .' a •► - .. ROSE SAY ``J� t.'."fts:",
26
' �s
.. '. f- • WAN ' ��%;+�''�;•::.',.. ,+:::. i� '•
j r .r••r .e^ij
.� - :,.... - -•S• _ - ::., _� ^ HOG
\ - � � :'i - -''s- fir:. •�'.''.� _ �"� � :.i^- `� IA.Arb
i"� EAST SU1fF tiA
The preparation of this moo was financed
in part through a grant provided my the
North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by th.
Coastal Zone %4anagement Art of !972,
es cmended, which is administered by the
Office of Ocean and Coastal -lesource
Mnneaernent, Notional Ocean,c and
Atmospheric Administration.
A
Al
ME
V
0
5.
D A R E
�,..J..,
,rrpE eq„r,, ,..
J 1i
HYDE COUNTY
AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN
AND OTHER FRAG LE AREAS
LEGEND
PAVED ROADS
............•••
UNPAVED ROADS
O
CANALS
G
ti
•—'—'—
COUNTY LINE
MAINMO I•
26a
U.S. NUMBERED HIGHWAY
aQ
N.C. NUMBERED HIGHWAY
SECONDARY ROAD
Ilia
NUMBER
r0
;;::;�"':,,=c'.�
404 WETLANDS
COASTAL WETLANDS
SEE NOTE 3
19
\r
SEE NOTE I
ESTUARINE WATERS
1 SEE NOTE 2 ESTUARINE SHORELINE
SEE NOTE I PUBLIC TRUST AREAS:
\ PRIMARY NURSERY AREAS
SECONDARY NURSERY
AREAS
OUTSTANDING RESOURCE
,\ WATERS
NOTES:
1. ALL WATERS UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF HYDE COUNTY
ARE EITHER ESTUARINE WATERS OR PUBLIC TRUST AREAS
AS DEFINED IN ISA NCAC 7H.0206 ESTUARINE WATERS
AND .0207 PUBLIC TRUST AREAS. OUTSTANDING
RESOURCE WATERS AREAS ARE PUBLIC TRUST AREAS OF
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN.
2. IN SHORELINE AREAS NOT CONTIGUOUS TO WATERS
CLASSIFIED AS OUTSTANDING RESOURCE WATERS BY THE
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION, ALL LAND 75
FEET LANDWARD FROM THE MEAN HIGH WATER LEVEL OR
NORMAL WATER LEVEL ARE CONSIDERED TO BE ESTUARINE
SHORELINES. IN SHORELINE AREAS CONTIGUOUS TO
WATERS CLASSIFIED AS OUTSTANDING RESOURCE WATERS
BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION, ALL
LAND 576 FEET LANDWARD FROM THE MEAN HIGH WATER
LEVEL OR NORMAL WATER LEVELARE CONSIDERED TO BE
ESTUARINE SHORELINES.
3. COASTAL WETLAND AREAS MUST BE DETERMINED THROUGH
ON -SITE ANALYSIS.
4. THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IS FOR INFORMATIONAL
PURPOSES AND IN NO WAY AFFECTS THE PRECISE
LOCATIONS OF 404 WETLANDS FOR REGULATORY
PURPOSES, AS THOSE JURISDICTIONSIDETERMINATIONS
CAN ONLY BE MADE BY CORPS OF ENGINEERS PERSONNEL
ON AN ON -SITE BASIS.
JLl''
h�
MAP 7
SCILE • WILES� O 2 7
*404 wetland areas as determined by
Hyde County Mainland Land Use
Planning Committee on 8/14/91. I_44

Ic) Estuarine shorelines
Estuarine shorelines are non -ocean shorelines that are
'
especially vulnerable to erosion, flooding, or other adverse
effects of wind.and water. They are intimately connected to
the estuary. The estuarine shoreline area extends from the
'
mean high water level or normal water level along the estu-
aries, sounds, bays, and brackish waters for a distance of 75
feet landward. For those estuarine shorelines immediately
contiguous to waters classified as outstanding resource
waters, the estuarine shoreline shall extend landward from the
mean high water level a distance of 575 feet. Development
within the estuarine shorelines influences the quality of
estuarine life and is subject to the damaging processes of
shorefront erosion and flooding.
rd)
Public Trust Areas
Public trust areas are all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and
the lands thereunder from the mean high water mark to the sea-
ward limit of state jurisdiction; all natural bodies of water
subject to measurable lunar tides and lands thereunder to the
mean high water mark; all navigable natural bodies of water
and lands thereunder to the mean high water level or mean
water level as the case may be, except privately -owned lakes
to which the public has no right of access; all water in
artificially created bodies of water containing significant
public fishing resources or other public resources which are
accessible to the public by navigation from bodies of water in
which the public has rights of navigation; and all waters in
artificially created bodies of water in which the public has
acquired rights by prescription, custom, usage, dedication, or
any other means. In determining whether the public has
acquired rights in artificially created bodies of water, the
following factors shall be considered:
j(1)
the use of the body of water by the public,
(2) the length of time the public has used the area,
(3) the value of public resources in the body of water,
(4) whether the public resources in the body of water are
mobile to the extent that they can move into natural
bodies of water,
(5) whether the creation of the artificial body of water
required permission from the state, and
(6) the value of the body of water to the public for navi-
gation from one public area to another public area.
These areas are significant because the public has rights in
these areas, including navigation and recreation. The public
1
trust areas also support valuable commercial and sports fish-
eries, have aesthetic value, and are important resources for
economic development.
It is impossible to map the public trust area. The areas must
be determined through in -field analysis and definition.
I-45

e) Outstanding Resource Waters
In 1989, the North Carolina Environmental Management Commis-
sion designated certain waters within North Carolina as Out-
standing Resource Waters. These areas were designated because
they were considered to be significant marine resource areas
having relatively clean and pristine waters, and having
significant value as recreational and natural resource areas.
Two areas of Hyde County were designated: (1) Swan Quarter/
Juniper Bay, and (2) the Alligator River area. Special devel-
opment controls may be imposed in each area. These controls
include, but are not necessarily limited to, increasing the
estuarine shoreline width to 575 feet. The Outstanding
Resource Waters areas are shown on Map 7, Areas of Environ-
mental Concern. The following provides the management
strategy for the two areas:
Management Strategy for Saltwater ORWs
1. At a minimum, new development will comply with the Low
Density options as specified in 2H.1003(a)(2) within
575 feet of the mean high water line of the designated
ORW area.
2. New non -discharge permits will be required to meet
reduced loading rates and increased buffer zones, to
be determined on a case-by-case.basis.
3. No dredge or fill activities will be allowed where
significant shellfish or submerged aquatic vegetation
bed resources occur except for maintenance dredging,
such as that required to maintain access to existing
channels and facilities located within the designated
areas or maintenance dredging for activities such as
agriculture.
4. A public hearing is mandatory for any proposed permits
to discharge to waters classified as ORW.
2B.0216(e)
description
No new or expanded NPDES permitted discharges and no
new or expanded marinas will be allowed.
Management Strategy for the Northeast Swan Quarter Bay Area
(see 2B.0216 (e) (5) (A) for more specific description
The only type of new or expanded marinas that will be
allowed will be those marinas located in upland basin
areas. The only new or expanded NPDES permitted dis-
charges that will be allowed will be non -domestic,
non -process industrial discharges.
1
r 7
1
I-46

Management Strategy Specific to the Alligator River
(see 2B.0216 (e) (4) (A) for more specific description
No additional restrictions will be placed on new or
expanded marinas. The only new or expanded NPDES
permitted discharges that will be allowed will be
non -domestic, non -process industrial discharges.
Maps 8 and 9 provide detailed delineations of the two ORW
areas.
f) 404 Wetlands
404 wetlands are areas covered by water or that have water-
logged soils for long periods during the growing season.
Plants growing in wetlands are capable of living in soils
lacking oxygen for at least part of the growing season. Some
wetlands, such as swamps, are obvious. Others are sometimes
difficult to identify because they may be dry during part of
the year. Wetlands include, but are not limited to, bottom -
lands, forests, swamps, pocosins, pine savannahs, bogs,
marshes, and wet meadows.
rSection
404 of the Clean Water Act requires that anyone inter-
ested in depositing dredged or fill material into "waters of
the United States," including wetlands, must apply for and
receive a permit for such activities.
Map 7, Areas of Environmental Concern and Other Fragile Areas,
provides a general delineation of wetlands areas. The
specific locations of wetlands areas must be determined
through specific on -site analysis by the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Washington District Office.
Wetlands are a significant natural resource because they
provide recharge areas for groundwater; serve as filter traps
for sediment, pesticides and other pollutants; provide non-
structural flood control, buffer against shoreline erosion;
serve as buffer zones between upland activities and valuable
aquatic systems; and provide habitats for numerous furbearing
I-1
animals, endangered species, and other wildlife.
Simultaneous to the preparation of this plan, amendments to
the federal definition of wetlands were being considered which
reduce the areas afforded protection under the wetlands legis-
lation. Those areas known as "non-splashable" wetlands, which
include pine forests, meadows, and brushy areas where water
lies just below the surface, would be eliminated from 404
regulation. This change would significantly increase the
areas of Hyde County which could be considered to have devel-
opment potential.
I-47

WIM s I• M IM M M im M M M M M IM MIM MIM
The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management
Program,lhrough funds provided by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
.as amended, which is administered by the
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.
SWANQUARTER BAY AND JUNIPER BAY AREA
Jn

M = M = = M W Ml M W W WI M =1 ' = W M W
The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided byy the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972.
as amended, which is administered by the
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Manogemenl, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.
CP.
Ne�ake
H
1
41
%D
ALLIGATOR RIVER AREA
Gunnock Creek
MAP 9
Goose
Creek
G
s
Whlpping<;- x ORW as adopted
Creek Lake
Pasquotank River Basin
Tyrrell, Dare and Hyde Counties
H ,pz CO, p` Cp
I�
Swan
Creak Lake

'I
Ig) Natural Resource Fragile Areas
Natural resource fragile areas are generally recognized to be
of educational, scientific, or cultural value because of the
natural features of the particular site. Features in.these
areas serve to distinguish them from the vast majority of the
landscape.
In Hyde County, these areas include complex natural areas,
areas that sustain remnant species, pocosins, wooded swamps,
and prime wildlife habitats.
The natural resource areas on the Hyde County mainland are
identified in Appendix I. These areas cannot be accurately
located on the Areas of Environmental Concern and Other
Fragile Areas map because of map size and scale.
h) Historic and Archaeological Sites
Hyde County contains a significant number of archaeologically
and historically significant sites. A county -wide survey of
significant archaeological sites has not been completed.
However, the North Carolina Division of Archives and History
has identified 33 significant sites on the mainland. The site
locations are restricted information, and therefore are not
identified in this plan. It is recommended that all develop-
ment projects be coordinated with Archives and History to
avoid destruction of the identified sites.
The Division of Archives and History recognizes over 900 prop-
erties within Hyde County which have historical and/or archi-
tectural significance. The following provides a summary of
property which is either in, or eligible for, the National
Register of Historic Places:
On the National Register of Historic Places
1. Lake Landing Historic District
2. Amity Methodist Church/Lake Landing Historic District
3. George V. Credle House and Cemetery
4. Fairfield Historic District
5. Fairfield Methodist Church/Fairfield Historic District
6. Hyde County Courthouse
7. The Inkwell (Octagon House)
8. Lake Mattamuskeet Pump Station
9. Albin B. Swindell House and Store
10. Wynne's Folly
These National Register sites are delineated on Map 10.
On Study List for Inclusion on National Register
of Historic Places
1. Laura Blackwell House
2. Hyde County Plantation District
3. St. George's Episcopal Church
4. St. John's Episcopal Church
I-50

_ A S H I—N 6 T O N
\ �.
1 w
,\ uN
l
1�
v
S
z t
U
PUNGO RIVER .
1 i
F-
0
LL
Q
W \`�
O
m `oZ
The preparation of this map Wos financed
in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
as amended, which is administered by,the
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.
C O U N T Y C O U N T Y LEGEND
T Y R R E L L.
--'--'—'— --•--- i PAVED ROADS
D A- R E C, ............••• UNPAVED ROADS
�•..f•.`'. '�"! '�;��. ._._.—._.��_—.-1 O CANALS
COUNTY LINE
ALuGTO MANTEo R I / �P � 264 U.S. NUMBERED HIGHWAY
LAKE
j/
SP �PP�O� �•� N.C. NUMBERED HIGHWAY
SECONDARY ROAD
I III NUMBER
" lu+
NATIONAL REGISTER
HISTORIC DISTRICT
tA� WA AY "Yoe o01\�
RITRAG Nn Aft",
C WYNNE'S FOLLY
` .
FAIRFIEL `. 26
6 `
130 I \
,.. L A K E MATTAMU3KEE7
NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE �
CR GEORGE V. CREDLE HYDE OOUNTY
HOUSE 8 CEMETE LAKE MATTAMUSKEET y94 �\
cAH.� PUMP STATI N THE INKWELL
(OCTAGON HOUSE) NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC
Ioe PLACES /PROPERTIES
BAY
LAKE LANDING
NATIONAL REGISTER HISTORIC DISTRICT
i 26 NEW HOLLAID
'•.9 t
t •' j `,
1 ! \
_ I ,
WANRE
�`� ALBIN B. SWINDELL "^ e�OOnr01° COLWY
4 �� }- HOUSE 8 STORE o \;
d
f 50V 1
BELL BAY OAP
84r ,o`c 0HOG -AND H STOR�C DISTRIONA EGISTER
At
\\ • / C O \• �, QPc°�� P MAP 10
SCAU
Iv Off'
cARTERET o OCRACOKE LIGHTHOUSE 8
COUNTY Qy KEEPER'S QUARTERS
1-51

Ii) Maritime Forests
There are no maritime forest areas located on the Hyde County
mainland.
j) Other Fragile Areas
There are no ocean dunes, ocean beaches/shorelines, inlet
hazard areas, natural resource areas, complex natural areas,
or unique geologic formations located on the Hyde County
mainland.
9. Areas of Resource Potential
a) Agricultural and Forestlands
Hyde County has extensive agricultural and forestlands. Both
are An important part of the natural resources supporting Hyde
County's economy. The areas best suited for agricultural
production are identified in Table 21 and located on Map 5,
Hyde County General Soils Map.
Most soils in Hyde County may be productive for agricultural
usage if properly drained. However, 11404" wetlands regula-
tions prohibit or severely restrict the drainage of most
areas. To the maximum extent possible, Hyde County's agricul-
tural and forest resources should be developed as extremely
important economic resources. State and federal regulations
should minimize obstacles to such development. At the federal
level, this.should include exempting "non-splashable" wetlands
from 11404" regulatory protection.
b) Valuable Mineral Resources
Hyde County has substantial deposits of peat. The following
excerpt from the 1986 Hyde County Land Use Plan describes
those deposits:
"According to a document titled 1980 Annual Report on
Peat Resources in North Carolina, by Lee 0. Otte and
Roy L. Ingram, November 1980, there are two signifi-
cant peat deposits located in Hyde County. The first
is known as the Pamlimarle Peninsula, which also lies
'
in parts of Washington, Tyrrell, and Dare Counties.
It is estimated that approximately 120 square miles
of this deposit, which contains about 70 million tons
of moisture -free peat, lies in Hyde County. A
second, much smaller deposit is located in the Gull
Rock Wildlife Area, currently under state control,
covering a six square mile area. These two deposits
encompass an estimated 80,640 acres of land, or 126
square miles.
I-52

Most, if not all, of the peat deposits are located in areas
which may be considered to be 11404" wetland areas. Therefore,
environmental groups have been particularly vigorous in their
objections to peat mining in Hyde County. It may be expected
,
that any efforts to mine peat in Hyde County will undergo very
close scrutiny by a number of environmental groups.
c) Public Forests
There are no state or federally owned forestlands located in
Hyde County.
d) Public Parks
There are no major public parks located in Hyde County.
e) Public Gamelands
Public gamelands occupy large areas of Hyde County. These
include:
Pungo National Wildlife Refuge
Swan Quarter National Wildlife Refuge
Lake Mattamuskeet National Wildlife Refuge
Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge
Gull Rock State Gameland
These areas attract tourists and are socially and environ-
mentally important to Hyde County. However, the county
opposes the acquisition of any additional state or federal
gamelands which would take additional property off of the
local tax roles.
The Lake Mattamuskeet and the Swan Quarter National Wildlife
Refuge areas are particularly significant. These two areas
offer some of the most fertile water fowl hunting areas in all
of North Carolina and the many hunters and fishermen attracted
to the county do have a positive impact upon the local
economy. According to the North Carolina Division of Environ-
mental Management, the Swan Quarter National Wildlife Refuge
is a "pristine" air quality area, making it an area to be
protected from sources of controllable air pollution from air
emissions. In addition, a portion of the Swan Quarter
National Wildlife Refuge has Outstanding Resource Waters
designation. The pier at the Swan Quarter National Wildlife
Refuge is rapidly falling into a state of disrepair. This
facility provides unusual Pamlico Sound fishing opportunities
to residents and tourists. The North Carolina Division of
Marine Fisheries should provide financial assistance to
preserve the facility. The state should also vigorously
encourage the National Wildlife Service to maintain the
facility in a usable condition.
I-53 1

In addition to its wildlife management value, the Lake
Mattamuskeet area includes the Lake Mattamuskeet Lodge and
Pump House. The facility is abandoned, but has huge historic
value and great economic potential. There has been some
discussion of East Carolina University utilizing the facility
as a branch location for biological research and field study.
f) Private Wildlife Sanctuaries
There are numerous private hunting clubs in Hyde County.
However, there are not any significant private wildlife
sanctuaries.
g) Marine Resources
Hyde County contains extensive marine resource areas. Some of
' the most important are the primary and secondary nursery
areas. These are defined by the North Carolina Division of
Marine Fisheries and are delineated on Map 7, Areas of
Environmental Concern and Other Fragile Areas. These are
dispersed along the creeks and bays entering Pamlico Sound and
the Pungo and Shoal Rivers. However, the greatest concentra-
tions -occur around Rose, Bell and Deep Bays, and along the
eastern shore of the Pungo River.
The North Carolina Division of Environmental Management
assigns water quality classifications to all waters of the
State of North Carolina. The schedule of classifications for
Hyde County is provided by 15 NCAC 2B.0302 to .0317. The
classifications are based upon the existing or contemplated
best usage of the various streams and segments of streams
within a basin, as determined through studies, evaluations,
and comments received at public hearings. The state classi-
fies tidal salt waters as follows:
Class SA: shellfishing for market purposes and any other usage
specified by the "SB" and "SC" classification;
Class SB: primary recreation and any other usage specified by
the "SC" classification;
Class SC: fish and wildlife propagation, secondary recreation,
■
and other uses requiring waters of lower quality.
�j
All Hyde County waters in the Pamlico Sound, Shoal River, and
bays and natural creeks entering them are classified SA. The
southern one-half of the Pungo River is classified SA. From a
dividing line extending from Woodstock Point on the west shore
to Ocilley Point on the east shore, the northern one-half of
the Pungo River is classified SB. All of Lake Mattamuskeet
and some of the canals connecting to the sound, rivers and
bays are classified SC. Individuals should verify the canal
water classifications with the Division of Environmental
Management.
1 I-54

G. DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS: PUBLIC FACILITIES
1. Water Supply
Hyde County's water system has two active treatment plants
(Fairfield and Swan Quarter), and a third under construction
(Ponzer, completion 2/15/91). The Fairfield plant currently
produces 150 gpm (gallons per minute), a reduction from 175 gpm in
1986. The Swan Quarter plant maintains its 1986 production of 50
gpm. The water supply at this facility is poor, and plant equip-
ment is old and requires constant maintenance. The Ponzer plant
is expected to produce 300 gpm. When the plant is operational,
Hyde County will close the Swan Quarter plant and may close the
Fairfield plant in the future. The total cost for the Ponzer
facility (plant, tank and waterlines) is $5,016,000.
There are three active elevated tanks in mainland Hyde County
and a fourth under construction. Engelhard and Swan Quarter each
have one 75,000 gallon tank. The tank at Fairfield has a 100,000
gallon capacity, and the Ponzer tank (under construction, comple-
tion 2/4/91) will hold 200,000 gallons. This will bring total
holding capacity for the county to 450,000 gallons.
Hyde County's existing public facility waterlines (160 miles
of 6" line, 60 miles of 4" line) serve 1,400 customers. An
additional 53 miles of waterlines is being installed (completion
date 2/4/92) in conjunction with the Ponzer plant (see Map 11).
The new lines will serve western Hyde County and eastern Beaufort
County. Hyde County expects to add 350 new paying customers to
the existing 1400 customers. Peak demand is not expected to .
exceed 290,000 gallons per day at the present time. The highest
demand for water is seasonal, serving agriculture (mainly cucumber
and sweet corn) and shrimping industries. The shrimping industry
is probably the largest user, demanding water for crushed ice and ,
trawler tanks.
2. Wastewater Treatment and Disposal
The county does not have a centralized collection and disposal
system. Septic tanks are the sole means of waste water disposal
for nearly the entire county. However, the Mid -East public hous-
ing project and the Lake Mattamuskeet Wildlife Refuge both have
small, private "package" treatment plants which discharge efflu-
ent. The Courthouse and Lake Mattamuskeet High School are served
by a septic tank, sand filter, discharge system.
Hyde County has been studying the use of constructed wetlands
for filtration of wastewater. The high water table of the county
renders many private and public septic systems inadequate, espe-
cially in the Engelhard area. Wetland filtration systems could
offer a more cost effective treatment for wastewater than tradi-
tional systems. The estimated cost for building a wetland filtra-
,tion system to serve the central Engelhard area (businesses in
downtown and 230 about adjacent houses) and extending to include ,
Davis Elementary is 2 million dollars (G. Alligood, Engineers,
Raleigh). This preliminary estimate allocates 1.2 million for the
I-55 ,

i
1
A. S H I G
• _N _T
j
i
\ Q
\ 30
H
�o
2 r
O
i PUNGO Ri
O
ILL
Q
W \`cL
o
m
PAMLICO RIVER
1
The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
'
North Carolina Coastal Management
Program,through funds provided by the
Cooslol Zone Management Act of 1972,
as amended, which is administered by the
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management. National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.
anon
\•\ �T 4f
� C O
Q
5
LEGEND
PAVED ROADS
............•••
UNPAVED ROADS
CANALS
"—"—"—
COUNTY LINE
26a
U.S. NUMBERED HIGHWAY
QN.C.
NUMBERED HIGHWAY
IIlO
SECONDARY ROAD
NUMBER
NURSING HOME
.
VOLUNTEER FIRE
DEPARTMENT
•
RESCUE SERVICE
WITH AMBULANCE
FERRY SERVICE
SHERIFF'S DEPARTMENT
.
MATTAMUSKEET
HIGH SCHOOL
♦
DAVIS
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
2 .
0. A. PEAY
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
HYDE COUNTY
HEALTH DEPARTMENT
EXISTING 4" WATER LINE
6" WATER LINE
PROPOSED 10"
.�
WATER LINE
ELEVATED TANK
Q
TREATMENT TANK
HYDE COUNTY
PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES
MAP II
scmz
t O I 2 3 4 MqM
I-56

LII
J
11
17
u
collection system and $800,000 for the wetland engineering.
If the project is approved by the county, funding would include a
60% grant from EDA and 40% supplied from the county and other
undecided sources. At this writing, the county has not approved
application for the EDA grant.
The Hyde County Shoreline Economic Development Study, com-
pleted in 1989, gave first priority to its recommendation that the
county proceed with installation of a sewer system for Swan
Quarter and Engelhard. This system is necessary not only to
attract new economic growth to Hyde County, but also to promote
existing services.
3. Solid Waste
There is no solid waste landfill in Hyde County. All solid
waste which is non -recyclable is sent to landfills in Dare and
Beaufort counties at a dumping fee of $65/truck, regardless of
weight. Garbage collection in mainland Hyde County is contracted
to Smithton Sanitation Service (for an annual hauling fee of
approximately $115,000), and carried by them to Dare and Beaufort
landfills. All solid waste from the area east of Route 94
including Fairfield, Engelhard and Ocracoke is carried to Dare
County. The average is 100 tons/month. All solid waste from the
area west of Route 94 including Swan Quarter and the county's
three disposal sites (see below) are carried to Beaufort County
landfills. The current dumping contracts with Dare and Beaufort
counties expire in 1995. Both counties are expected to -continue
to provide landfill to Hyde County through the planning period.
There are three approved solid waste disposal sites in main-
land Hyde County located at Engelhard, Swan Quarter, and Ponzer.
These disposal sites are used for wood products, uncontaminated
earth, cement products, recyclable goods, and other temporarily -
held solid wastes. The wastes may not be buried at the site. The
Hyde County disposal sites have a long life expectancy, since 90%
of the solid waste is removed and sold as recycled goods, chipped
mulch, or container -carried to landfills. These containers have a
40 cubic yard capacity. Engelhard and Swan Quarter each haul
approximately 24 containers per year at a hauling cost of $200 and
$150 per container, respectively. Ponzer hauls three containers
per year at a cost of $100. The dumping fee is consistent at
$65/container. All loads from the sites (approximately 27/year)
are carried to Beaufort landfills.
Senate Bill 111, passed in October, 1989, requires that the
county recycle 25% of its solid waste by 1993. Towards compliance
with this bill, Hyde County will officially open recycling centers
at its Engelhard and Swan Quarter disposal sites in July, 1991.
The centers will recycle a large portion of solid wastes, includ-
ing paper, aluminum, glass, tires, and batteries. Collection
figures will be available in 1992.
I-57

4.
Transportation
a. Roads
There are three
primary roads in mainland Hyde County:
U.S. 264,
N.C. 94, and
N.C. 45.
Overall traffic volumes have not
changed
significantly since
1985.
No counts are available for
N.C. 45
(which branches
from U.S.
264 west of Swan Quarter and
carries
traffic to the
ferry).
Table 23:
Primary Road Traffic Counts
,
Vehicles
per Day
Location
1985 1989 Change
N.C. 94 North us U.S. 264 700 1000 +300
U.S. 264 East of N.C. 94 1400 1300 -100
U.S. 264 West of N.C. 94 1000 1500 +500
Source: North Carolina Department of Transportation, Division of
Highway -- Planning and Research Branch, 1989 Average
Daily Traffic
Daily traffic counts on the most traveled route in 1989, U.S.
264/N.C. 45, varied from 2000 vehicles at the western county line
to 600 vehicles at the eastern county line. The average count
within the county on this route is about 1700 (eleven counting
stations totaling 18,600 vehicles/day). This count is well within
,
the capacity of the road. State Roads 1166 and 1162 in Swan
Quarter averaged 900 and 600 vehicles per day, respectively, in
1989.
The only road repair scheduled in the Transportation
Improvement Program of the N.C. Department of Transportation is
,
the replacement of Canal Bridge #50 on U.S. 264. Acquisition of
right of way has begun. The Engelhard community, while supporting
the need to maintain public safety, wants to retain the rural
character of the bridge. The existing arched bridge is of partial
wooden construction.
In an effort to promote tourism in mainland Hyde County,
the following recommendations were made in the Hyde County Shore-
line Economic'Development Study, 1989:
-- Establishment of a tourist/visitors center at the inter-
section of U.S. 264 and N.C. 45
-- Establishment of a second center established on U.S. 264
,
at the Octagon House
-- Hyde County participation in the North Carolina Department
of Transportation (D.O.T.) Adopt -A -Highway program
-- Implementation of D.O.T. windflower research project along
U.S. 264 from the Hyde County Airport, west to the Hyde
County line
-- Careful consideration and possible request for D.O.T.
'
designation of segments of U.S. 264 as a scenic highway
I-58

1 b. Ferry Service
N.C. Department of Transportation operates ferry service
from Swan Quarter to Ocracoke. Schedules vary to accommodate
expected vehicular demand, which is highest in the summer months.
Use figures for 1990 indicate an unexpected and dramatic increase
for October and November carryings, far surpassing normal use.
This is because the bridge over Oregon Inlet was closed for repair
and the only access to Ocracoke was by ferry.
c. Navigable Waters
Mainland Hyde County is bordered by the Intracoastal
Waterway to the north, the Pungo River to the west, and Pamlico
Sound to the south and east. Mattamuskeet Lake, the largest
natural lake in North Carolina; lies in.the center of the county.
The only public boat access listed by the Department of Trans-
portation in 1989 was at Engelhard.
In 1988-89, the N.C. Department of Transportation listed
five marinas in mainland Hyde County, with a total of 130 boat
slips. One marina each in Swan Quarter and Fairfield offered
pump -out service. All five marinas had ramps, supplies, and
slips, and none offered lift -out service or repair.
d. Airport
Hyde County maintains a modern general aviation airport
approximately three miles east of Engelhard. The airport is
unattended. However, a small modern terminal building exists.
The paved runway is 4,700 feet by 100 feet. Airside facilities
include pilot controlled lighting, VASI (visual approach slope
indicator),, and medium intensity runway lighting. The airport is
completely surrounded by agricultural usage and vacant land.
5. Educational Facilities
Mainland Hyde County public school students are served by two
elementary schools (Davis, K-6; and O.A. Peay, K-6) and one high
school (Mattamuskeet, 7-12). Enrollment versus capacity figures
as of June, 1991, are shown in Table 24.
Table 24: Estimated Enrollment vs. Design Capacity in
Hyde County Mainland Schools, 1990-91.
School Enrollment Capacity over/under
Davis Elementary 165 300 -45%
O.A.Peay Elementary 240 300 -20%
Mattamuskeet 460 550 -16%
' Source: Hyde County Superintendent of Schools
1 I-59

Both Davis Elementary School and O.A. Peay Elementary School
were built in 1950, with additions to each in 1953 and 1964.
Mattamuskeet High School was built in 1964 and additions were made
in 1970 and 1987. Although all three schools are well under
maximum capacity for enrollment, each has temporary facilities
(trailers) on the grounds which are being used in addition to per-
manent structures. The temporary facilities are air conditioned
which may account for their popularity with staff and students.
The public school students are transported by a fleet of 15 school
busses.
The Hyde County Shoreline Economic Development Study recom-
mended application to the North Carolina Community College System
and the North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service to investi-
gate the need for and options available to establish in -county
post -high school technical training. Space allocation study of
the county's available space in both permanent and temporary
public school facilities might.permit the operation of these
'
programs on a year-round basis.
6. Parks and Recreation
Mainland Hyde County has no parks and no recreation program.
Camping is. available at private campsites. Waterway access is
available at the public boat access in Engelhard and at privately
owned marinas in the county.
There are three National Wildlife Refuge areas in mainland
Hyde County. The 8,800 acre Swan Quarter National Wildlife Refuge
has a 1100 foot pier which is used for fishing and recreation
year-round. Mattamuskeet National Wildlife Refuge includes Lake
Mattamuskeet and is open year-round and allows fishing from
March 1 to November 1. The Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge
has been recently purchased by the federal government.
7. Other County Facilities
Sheriff's Department: The Sheriff's Department in mainland
Hyde County has six employees: the Sheriff, Chief Deputy, and four
road deputies (one of whom is a sergeant). The department has six
patrol cars and one boat, which is shared with Ocracoke.
Highway Patrol: There are three full time State Troopers
who live and work in Hyde County.
Volunteer Fire Departments: The Swan Quarter Volunteer Fire
Department (established in 1971) has about 22 active volunteers.
The department, which protects a population of about 1000 in a
five mile radius, has three vehicles: 2 pumpers (tankers with 1000
gallon capacity and one drop -tank each) and one equipment truck.
There are several hydrants in the area, but they cannot be used
for direct pumping. As water lines are updated, direct pumping
may be possible. In addition, the volunteers are installing dry
hydrants as personal time allows. Funding for the department is
'
I-60 1

provided primarily by donation at a 3:1 ratio to government fund-
ing. The budget for 1991 is about $16,000, with $12,000 from
local fund-raising.
The Fairfield Volunteer Fire Department (established in the
mid -to -late 1980's) has 19 active volunteers. The department
serves an area 5 miles square with a population of about 600.
Equipment includes one pumper truck, one 750 gallon pumper -tanker
truck with a dump tank, and an equipment van. Both pumper trucks
' can draft salt and fresh water directly from canals. Although
there are hydrants in the area, the county discourages their use
for direct pumping. There are no dry hydrants. Funding is pro-
vided primarily by donation, with about $41000/year support from
the government.
The Engelhard Volunteer Fire Department has 20 active volun-
teers and serves approximately 1500 persons in a 4 square mile
area. Equipment includes four vehicles: a 1973, 1000 gallon per
minute (gpm) pumper truck with a 750 gallon tank; a 1977
Chevrolet, 1000 gallon tanker with a 1500 gallon drop tank and 350
gpm pumping capacity; and a 1957 Ford pumper with 500 gpm pumping
capacity and 750 gallon tank (this truck is temporarily out of
service for repairs). In addition, the department has a 1964 GMC
equipment van. Some of the hydrants in the service area can be
used for direct pumping, but the department relies primarily on
its pump trucks (and direct draft from canals and waterways) for
water supply. There are no dry hydrants. Funding is primarily by
private donation.
Rescue: There are three ambulances in mainland Hyde
County, each with two full-time, paid, certified emergency medical
personnel. The ambulances are located one each in Swan Quarter,
Engelhard, and Fairfield. In addition to the paid personnel, the
county estimates that there are 15 volunteers, with approximately
8-10 active at a given time.
Health Care: The Hyde County Health Department is staffed
with five (5) full-time registered nurses. A Family Nurse
Practitioner visits the department once a week. The department
' employs a speech therapist on a contract basis. All Health
Department programs are operated out of the Hyde County Health
Center Building which is located in Swan Quarter. The facility
was constructed in 1976. There is currently (June, 1991) one
private practice physician in Engelhard, no dentist and no
chiropractor.
Tideland Mental Health (a five -county agency funded by state
and local revenues) in Washington, Beaufort County, operates an
outpatient satellite office in Swan Quarter and an Adult Develop-
ment Day Activity Program (ADDAP) in Fairfield. The Swan Quarter
facility treats substance (drug and alcohol) abuse and mental dis-
orders. It is staffed with a unit coordinator (RN/substance abuse
counselor) and a clerk'. A staff psychiatrist visits the facility
every two weeks from Washington. In 1990, 115 outpatients were
treated. The ADDAP program in Fairfield is day care for the
developmentally disabled (mentally retarded).
I-61

In addition to these existing facilities, a Community Develop-
ment Block Grant has recently been awarded for the development of
a nursing home in Hyde County. Grant funding of $589,377 will be
supplemented by Cross Creek Healthcare, Inc. and private sources.
Cross Creek will build the 80 bed long-term care facility two
miles from Swan Quarter. Beds will be allocated as follows: 21
beds skilled care, 39 beds intermediate care, and 20 beds for the
aged. The skilled staff will include a director, 3 Registered
Nurses and 5 Licensed Practical Nurses.

H. CURRENT MAINLAND PLANS, STUDIES AND REGULATIONS
1. Building -Code and Minimum Housing Code
Hyde County enforces the North Carolina State Building Code.
The county employs a part-time building inspector who resides on
Ocracoke. A minimum housing code was adopted on December 3, 1979.
(Two full time Hyde County inspectors provide inspection services
on the mainland and provide help, as needed, on Ocracoke.)
' 2. Floodplain Regulations
Hyde County participates in the National Flood Insurance
Program and complies with all related regulatory requirements.
1
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3. Hyde County Transportation Development Plan
In October, 1986, the Hyde. County Transportation Steering
Committee completed the Transportation Improvement Plan. The
document was prepared to define a course for coordinated human
service transportation planning among the county's social service
agencies. Because of Ocracoke's isolation, the plan addressed
only mainland transportation needs.
4. Hyde County, Engelhard, Swan Quarter and Ocracoke
Shoreline Economic Development Studv
In 19a8, Hyde County prepared the Shoreline Economic
Development Study. The document focused on the shorelines in
Ocracoke, Swan Quarter and Engelhard. Obstacles to development
were identified and specific recommendations were made for
improvements to all three areas. The recommendations concerning
Ocracoke are included in the policies section of this plan.
5. 1986 Hyde County CAMA Land Use Plan
The 1986 Hyde County Land Use Plan was prepared to satisfy the
requirements of the CAMA land use planning program and to
establish some guidelines for development within the county. The
plan was divided into separate sections dealing with the mainland
and Ocracoke. The policies for both areas were consistent with
and did not exceed the state's minimum 15NCAC7H use standards.
6. Implementation/Effectiveness of the 1986 Land Use Plan
The 1986 land use plan's policy statements were vague and, in
most cases, not tied directly to the 15A NCAC 7H minimum use
standards. As a result, CAMA permit personnel were left without
clear guidance on the county's position on a number of issues,
including:
-- Marina locations
-- Bulkhead locations
-Estuarine shoreline and coastal wetland uses
I-63

The county had not desired to exceed the minimum use standards ,
in any mainland areas.
The vagueness of the policy statements also caused some
problems in consistency review. Amendments to the 1986 plan were
necessary to clarify the county's position on several issues.
Hyde County supported the construction of a nursing home east of '
Swan Quarter in an area classified as rural. State review of the
project found the plan to be unclear on whether or not a nursing
home was an allowed use. The amendment to the 1986 plan made the
nursing home an allowable use. Another amendment to the plan was
undertaken to express Hyde County's opposition to expansions of
federal wildlife reserves that pre-empt economically productive
lands within Hyde County.
The 1991 plan should be more specific in defining the county's
intentions on policies and land uses.
F
I-64 1

SECTION II
HYDE COUNTY MAINLAND
PROJECTED LAND DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
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A. PROJECTED POPULATION GROWTH AND RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
1. General Discussion
In this section, recent trends in Hyde County's population
growth and housing characteristics will be utilized to project
growth and housing characteristics in the county throughout the
five year (1990-1995) and ten-year (1990-2000) planning periods.
Where noted, available population and housing figures from
Ocracoke Island have been subtracted from county data to give a
more clear projection of mainland activity. Population on the
mainland is expected to remain constant or decline, reflecting
diminishing employment opportunities.
2. Year -Round Population Projections
Based on Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) planning guide-
lines, population projections must be prepared for each CAMA land
use plan. The population projections sited in the two tables
below are based on information from the North Carolina Office of
State Budget and Management. The detailed 1990 United States
Census figures are not yet available.
Table 25: Total Population by Age and Percent Change
Hyde County, 1990-2000
Age
Population by Age
Group
Percent
Change
1990
1995
2000
90-95
95-2000
0-4
413
387
370
- 6.29
- 4.4
5-14
823
783
760
- 4.9
- 2.9
15-24
840
813
766
- 3.2
- 5.8
25-34
926
822
779
-11.2
- 2.8
35-44
783
942
887
+20.3
- 6.9
45-54
551
619
769
+ 0.9
+24.2
55-64
530
535
556
+ 0.9
+ 3.9
65-74
492
454
441
- 7.7
- 2.8
75 & up
414
430
420
+ 3.9
- 2.3
Total
5,771
51785
51748
+ 0.2
- 0.6
Source: N.C.
State Data Center,
Office of
State Planning;
U. S.
Census
Bureau; Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.

The year-round population in.Hyde County increased 5.7% from
,
1970-1980. In 1980-1990, the population declined -1.4%. The
projection for 2000 continues the decline by -0.4%, which might
indicate a slow stabilization of the population.
Population projections for Hyde County from 1990-2000 indicate
an overall continuation of past trends with two highlights.
First, the 45-54 age group maintains the largest percent change
(+40%, 1990-2000) reflecting aging of the 35-44 age group of 1980-
1990. Second, the 25-34 age group of 1980-1990 advances into the
35-44 group in 1990-2000 and continues to have the largest abso-
lute numbers over all other age groups in Hyde County. Two addi-
tional factors deserve notice. First, age groups which will fill
these slots in the future are declining in absolute size and in
percent change. This is believed to indicate out -migration of
adults and subsequent decline in birthrate. Second, growth in the
75+ group is projected to level off in 2000, with only 15% change
in 1990-2000. This group experienced significant growth in
1980-1990 with 28.6% change over the period.
The following population projections for mainland Hyde County
are calculated by subtracting year-round projections for Ocracoke
Island (see Ocracoke, A.2., p. II.1) from total county projections
prepared by the N.C. Office of State Budget and Management.
'
Table 26: Year -Round Population Projections for Hyde County,
Excluding Ocracoke -- 1970-2000
Population or
Projected* Numerical Percentage
Year Population Change Change
1970 5,030
1980 5,215 185 +3.7%
,
1990 5,058* -157 -3.0%
1995 5,036* - 22 -0.4%
2000 4,969* - 67 -1.3%
'
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning;
U.S. Census Bureau; Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
,
The year-round population in Hyde County (excluding Ocracoke)
increased 3.7% from 1970-1980. In 1980-1990, the population
declined -3.0%. The projections for 1995 and 2000 show a
continued but more gradual population decline.
II-2

' Table 27: Population & Percent Increase by Race and Sex
Hyde County, 1990 & 2000
' Category Total Population Percent Change
(Projected)
1990 2000 1990-2000
' Total White 41092 41400 + 7.5%
Males 2,047 20,222 + 8.6%
Females 21045 2,178 + 6.5%
Total Non -White 11679 11348 -19.7%
Males 762 605 -20.6%
Females 917 743 -19.0%
The projected growth in the white population and decline in
non -white population in 1990-2000 continues the trend of the
previous decade. In 1980, the white population was 640 of total
population, and is expected to.have increased to 71% in 1990 and
76.5% in 2000. Since absolute population is expected to remain
constant or decline slightly, the shift in racial composition
reflects significant out -migration of non -whites and in -migration
of whites.
White -males are expected to continue to outnumber white
females by a small margin. Projections indicate that black
1 females will outnumber black males, although the decline in black
males is slowing (-22.6% change 1980-1990, -20.6% estimated change
1990-2000) and the decline in black females is increasing (, 17:5%
and -19.0% respectively).
3. Seasonal Population
Seasonal population figures in Hyde County reflect activity on
Ocracoke Island. The mainland population is primarily stable
year-round. Seasonal changes on Ocracoke have only incidental
effects on the mainland, primarily an increase in traffic and
ferry use. However, this has resulted in little benefit to
mainland businesses.
4. Projected Housing Characteristics
Year-round population projections for mainland Hyde County
predict a decline in population. In addition, it is expected that
the past trend of decline in household size in the county will
continue. The current need for adequate affordable housing in
Hyde County will continue through the decade.
Table 28: Year -Round Mainland Housing Based on Projected
Population and Household Size for Hyde County
Excluding Ocracoke, 1990-2000
1990 1995 2000
Population 5058 5036 4969 '
Household Size 2.4 2.2 1.92
Year -Round Units 2108 2289 2588
' II-3

Household size in Table 28 is determined by projecting U.S.
Census household size in Hyde County from 1970 and 1980 (3.4 and
2.89, respectively) for the five-year projection periods. The
relationship between population and household size will determine ,
the number of standard dwelling units needed in mainland Hyde
County. This projection can be used with greater confidence when
1990 detailed census figures are available to compare to the above
1990 projections. The estimates above show an increased in
dwelling units and a decrease in population based on diminishing
household size. Not accounted for in this table is the increasing
trend towards extended family living in both rural and urban '
areas, which might slightly increase household size in 2000 over
1990 estimates.
In 1980, 58% of all owner occupied homes and 63% of all rental
units in Hyde County were built before 1960. In 1990, these 1,791
dwelling units will be thirty years old or older and subject to
deterioration. These units represent almost 67% of the total
county's housing stock, and probably a much higher percentage of
mainland stock. As discussed in Section 3 (Hyde County Housing
Characteristics), there is a crucial need for standard affordable
housing in the county. This need may be met in part by renovation
and repair of existing aging housing stock. In addition, a
substantial portion of new dwelling units should be affordable to
low and moderate income households. The combination of decreased
'
employment opportunities and the projected decline in the under
35 age group will not encourage voluntary, unassisted new
construction of affordable housing.
'
Table 29 provides a summary of building permits issued since
1985.
Table 29: Number of Building Permits Issued
1985-1990
1985 106
1986 127
1987 144
1988 134
1989 101
1990 127
These permits cover both new construction and renovations to
existing units.
'

B. PROJECTED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND RELATED LAND USE
ISSUES
1. General Economic Projections
The table below provides an outline of the anticipated growth
of the various industries in Hyde County from 1990-2000 in terms
of personal earnings and employment.
Table 30: Relative Growth of Income -Producing Industries
and Trades - Hyde County, 1990-2000
% Change
Industry 1990 1995 2000 1990-2000
Personal Earnings [1]
(Thousands of $)
Total
34,405
39,998
45,125
31.2%
Farm Earnings
3,578
4,260
4,672
30.1%
Non -Farm Earnings
30,827
35,738
40,453
31.2%
Private Earnings
22,531
26,678
30,523
35.4%
Agric. Serv.,
Forestry, Fishing
1,137
1,358
1,552
36.5%
Mining
0
0
0
0%
Construction
4,164
5,201
6,136
47.4%
Manufacturing
5,334
6,116
6,792
27.3%
Trans., Comm.,
Public Utilities
384
460
534
39.9%
Wholesale Trade
2,205
2,546
21907
31.8%
Retail Trade
31098
3,564
4,061
31.1%
Finance, Insurance,
Real Estate
3,683
41561
5,334
44.9%
Services
21527
2,870
3,206
22.9%
Government Earnings
8,296
9,060
9,930
19.7%
Federal Civilian
651
693
742
14.0%
Federal Military
818
861
904
10.4%
State and Local
6,826
71506
8,284
21.4%
' [1] Personal earnings are by place of work and exclude dividends,
interest and rent, transfer payments, and social security
contributions. They include proprietors' net income and wages.

Table 30 (Continued)
Industry
Personal Employment
Total
Farm Employment
Non -Farm Employment
Private Employment
Agric. Serv.,
Forestry, Fishing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Trans., Comm.,
Public Utilities
Wholesale Trade
Retail Trade
Finance, Insurance,
Real Estate
Services
Government Employment
Federal Civilian
Federal Military
State and Local
% Change
1990
1995
2000
1990-2000
2,547
2,691
2,813
10.4%
570
566
559
- 2.0%
1,977
2,125
2,254
14.0%
2,105
2,245
2,358
12.0%
240
267
285
18.8%
0
0
0
0%
230
269
300
30.4%
245
254
260
6.1%
12
14
15
25.0%
124
131
139
12.1%
306
336
365
19.0%
177
208
233
31.6%
201
246
249
23.8%
442
446
455
2.9%
24
24
23
- 4.2
42
42
42
0 %
376
553
563
49.7%
Source:, Regional Economic Analysis Division, U.S. Department of
Commerce, 1986.
See Notes: Page I-16.
Through the year 2000, employment in construction, real
estate, and retail trade show high growth rates. This is
attributed to activity on Ocracoke rather than mainland growth.
The mainland will continue its dependence on employment in state
and local government and agricultural services, forestry and fish-
ing sectors. The county will continue to rely heavily on its
natural resources through the year 2000, especially the fishing
industry. The decline in employment in the farming industry in
1970-1990 is expected to continue. There will be further reduc-
tion of family held farms and increased mechanization on large -
tract farms.
Major increases in both services and state and local govern-
ment employment are expected to occur. In 1991, the state was
planning the construction of a major prison facility in Hyde
County. A site had not been selected. The facility was expected
to open by February, 1993, and result in 143 to 173 jobs. The
opening of the Cross Creek Healthcare facility in September, 1991,
created an additional 46 jobs.
The rank of industry types in Hyde County in 1990 and 2000 is
shown in Table 31, below.
11
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Table 31: Rank of Industry by Employment and Earnings
Hyde County, 1990 and 2000
rEmployment Rank Earnings Rank
Industry (13 total) 1990 2000 1990 2000
' Farming 1 1 5 5
Agricultural Services,
Forestry, Fishing 5 5 9 9
' Mining 13 13 13 13
Construction 6 4 3 3
Manufacturing 5 6 2 2
Trans., Comm., Public Utilities 12 12 12 12
Wholesale Trade 9 9 8 8
Retail Trade 3 3 6 6
' Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 8 7 4 4
Services 7 8 7 7
Federal Civilian 11 11 11 11
Federal Military 10 10 10 10
State and Local Government 2 2 1 1
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc..
Rankings for industry by employment and earnings in Hyde
County are projected to remain constant from 1990 to 2000 with the
exception of construction and manufacturing, according to U.S.
' Department of Commerce projections. While employment in construc-
tion is expected to increase from its rank of sixth to fourth,
earnings will remain in third place. As previously emphasized,
construction activity occurs mainly on Ocracoke.
Projected economic trends and land use issues for specific
industries are outlined in the sections below.
2. Tourism and Recreation
' The projected growth of seasonal population in Hyde County
will occur on Ocracoke and will have little impact on the main-
land. However, the increase in tourist traffic to the island
provides the county with an opportunity to increase both earnings
and employment on the mainland. As discussed previously, the
county's abundant shoreline resources could be developed or
marketed as a stimulant for tourism. Relocation of the Swan
Quarter ferry terminal to the Outfall Canal location should serve
as a stimulant for mainland tourist activity.
3. Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
The increase in large corporate farms and decrease in family -
owned farms will cause continued decline in the agricultural
industry. The projected increase in farm earnings depends in part
on the continuation of federal farm subsidies and on continued
' demand for and production of soybeans, corn, and wheat. Any
decrease in federal farm subsidies during the next decade would
adversely affect the local economy.
II-7

The established importance of Hyde County's fishing industry
during the 1970-1990 period is expected to continue. The decline
in the unclassified finfish catch will not be reversed by 2000,
and the subsequent loss of income and employment will not likely
be absorbed by other catch categories. However, increased demand
for finfish and shellfish combined with declining supply may
temporarily raise the value of the catch. The fishing industry
will continue to flourish only if water quality is maintained.
Protection of the county's surface waters is imperative for
economic reasons, since the fishing industry is still directly or
indirectly responsible for a large percentage of jobs in the
county.
4. Manufacturing
The decline in the manufacturing industry in Hyde County is
expected to continue, although the earnings rank is indicated to
remain constant. Population projections show a decrease in the
18-34 age group over the next decade, which will diminished the
work force. The lack of adequate affordable housing, public
facilities, and adequate educational opportunities will discourage
manufacturing industries from location in Hyde County. However,
the county continues to solicit industrial development.
5. Real Estate and Construction
Through the year 2000, employment in.real estate and construc-
tion -shows high growth rates._ Construction of a state prison
facility and renovation of the Lake Mattamuskeet Lodge will serve
as major stimulants to mainland construction activity. In 1991,
Hyde County completed an economic impact statement for the Lodge
which forecast a total annual impact of $600,000 in the county
during construction. Stabilization of the mainland population
will create only minimal need for new housing. However, it is
expected that there will be demands for renovation and repair of
the existing housing stock. Much of this stock is substandard
and/or over 40 years old.
6. Wholesale and Retail Trade and Services
Wholesale trade, retail trade, and services are projected to
hold their respective earnings ranks of 8th, 7th, and 6th through
the 1990-2000 period. The position of retail trade and its
employment rank of third reflect activity on Ocracoke Island.
The projected decline in services employment from 7th to 8th
continues the 1980-1990 trend, reflecting a decrease in demand for
services by both small farms and other declining industries on the
mainland.
7. Government Employment
Mainland Hyde County is expected to
dependence on state and local government
employment (ranked second) and earnings
continue its strong
employment as a source of
(ranked first) in the
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1990-2000 period. This employment is supported by state and local
taxes. Deficits in the North Carolina State budget have led to
multiple wage and job cuts in the state in 1991, and this trend is
expected to continue. In addition, federal purchase of privately
held land (Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge) has cut county
tax revenues. The county has jeopardized its economy by placing a
heavy reliance on government for employment and earnings.
Although the economy will likely reverse by 1992, the state and
local government employment in the county will continue to be
vulnerable to these trends.
8. Cross Creek Healthcare, Inc.
Hyde County has been awarded a Community Development Block
Grant (CDBG) for the installation of a long-term health care
facility within two miles of Swan Quarter. The 80-bed facility
will be developed by Cross Creek Healthcare, Inc. In compliance
with conditions of the grant, every effort will be made to hire
and train personnel from the surrounding area. The facility is
expected to offer 46 full-time positions (34 of which are low -to -
moderate income). These jobs will directly increase employment in
the county's service sector by 23% in the 1990-2000 period.
Construction of the Cross Creek facility and supporting infra-
structure will increase demand for construction employment for the
short term, with possible long-term effects if the local economy
begins to strengthen. Finally, the completed facility and its
employees will create an increased demand for services and goods
in Hyde County, thus creating a secondary positive impact on the
local economy.
II-9

C. PUBLIC FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT NEEDS AND LAND USE ISSUES I
1. Water Supply
The completion of the water treatment plant (2/15/92) is '
expected.to produce 300 gallons per minute (gpm). The Swan
Quarter plant (50 gpm) will be closed. Water quality and future
demand will influence decisions about continued operation of the
Fairfield plant (450 gpm).
The addition of 53 miles of public facility water lines '
(2/4/92) will bring the county's total operating lines to approxi-
mately 275 miles (53 mi., 10"; 160 mi., 611; 60 mi., 4") All water
lines are in good condition.
The new Ponzer elevated tank (completion 2/4/92) and the three
existing tanks at Engelhard, Swan Quarter and Fairfield will give '
the county a holding capacity of 450,000 gallons. All tanks are
in good condition and will operate through the planning period.
It is anticipated that the existing water supply system will
meet the demands of Hyde County through the year 2000.
2. Wastewater Treatment and Disposal '
There is no centralized collection and disposal system for
Hyde County. Hyde County has been studying the use of constructed '
wetlands for filtration of wastewater. (This project is discussed
in Section I.G.2.). The Hyde County Shoreline Economic Develop-
ment Study (1989) gave first priority to installation of a sewer
system for Swan Quarter and Engelhard.
3. Solid Waste
Hyde County will continue to operate its three disposal sites
through the planning period. All waste at the sites will either
(1) be sold as recyclable goods, (2) chipped as mulch and sold, or
(3) be transported to landfills in Dare and Beaufort counties.
The contract for waste transfer to these landfills expires in
1995.
,
Beaufort Count has the physical space to continue landfill
Y P Y P
operations until at least FY 2000. Their current landfill permit
expires in 1993. Current state regulations would allow permit
,
extension of existing landfills until FY 1998 without the
construction of landfill liners. Beaufort County is one of five
eastern North Carolina counties studying the feasibility of a
regional resource recovery and landfill facility. Although Hyde
County is not included in the five -county planning area, it is
considered a subsidiary county and its projected wastes have been
included in the study. Hyde County appointed a Solid Waste Task
Force to investigate recycling, landfill options and public
education on solid waste disposal.
'

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4. Transportation
a. Roads
The existing road system in Hyde County is expected to
adequately handle traffic through the planning period. The only
road improvement scheduled for Hyde County in the N.C. Department
of Transportation's Transportation Improvement Program (1991-1997)
is replacement of Canal Bridge #50 on U.S. 264. In the fall of
1991, the North Carolina Department.of Transportation was in the
initial stages of preparing a county -wide thoroughfare plan,
including a separate section on Ocracoke. There are no improve-
ments or expansions proposed for the Hyde County general aviation
airport east of Engelhard.
b. Ferry Service
Existing ferry service is adequate to meet current demands
of mainland Hyde County.
Relocation of the ferry terminal from Swan Quarter to
Outfall Canal at East Bluff Bay (as recommended in the Ocracoke
Island portion of this plan, Section 1.F.5.) would shorten
crossing time, decrease operating expenses, and probably increase
ferry use. At the same time, relocation may decrease tourism
potential in Swan Quarter. As suggested in the Hyde County Shore-
line Economic Development Study, feasibility of establishing a
high-speed day ferry or pedestrian ferry should be considered.
This service, if run from Swan Quarter, would not only increase
tourist and labor accessibility to Ocracoke, it could support
mainland tourist activity as well.
C. Navigable waters
Existing navigable waters in Hyde County are expected to
be maintained through the planning period. It is suggested that
the county conduct a needs assessment study and construction plan
for public boat access. Also, relocation of the Swan Quarter
ferry terminal to the Outfall Canal location should be pursued.
Recommendations made in the Hyde County Shoreline Economic Devel-
opment Study for navigable waters include the following:.
-- Sites identified cooperatively through the Coastal
Initiatives program by Hyde County as secure/safe
anchorages along the county's shorelines should be
added to the State Boating Map and identified by Coast
Guard channel markers.
-- Possible establishment of no -wake zones along canals as
approved by the North Carolina Wildlife Commission.
-- Construction of a launching ramp for small boats at
Swan Quarter Bay, and promotion of the Bay as a light-
weight sailboat and wind surfing site.
-- Development of a shoreline access site at Engelhard.
Maintenance and dredging of Far Creek Channel with
assistance from the Department of Commerce.
-- Upgrade and expand existing marina facilities.
II-11

1
5. Educational Facilities
The three public schools in mainland Hyde County are adequate
to meet expected demand during the planning period.
As stated in the Development Constraints section, the Hyde
County Shoreline Economic Development Study recommended applica-
tion to the North Carolina College System and the North Carolina
Agricultural Extension Service to investigate the need for and
options available to establish in -county post -high school tech-
nical training. In addition, investigation by the county of
viable uses for the Lodge at Lake Mattamuskeet (currently owned by
U.S. Department of the Interior) is recommended. Users might
include East Carolina University and/or other educational outreach
programs.
6. Parks and Recreation
Hyde County needs a county -wide parks and recreation program.
It is recommended that the county develop a county -wide comprehen-
sive recreational plan. The plan should emphasize recreational
facilities and shoreline access needs.
7. Other Countv Facilities
There are no plans for expansion of the existing Sheriff's
Department, Highway Patrol, Volunteer Fire Department, Rescue
Squad, or Health Department. These departments are expected to be
adequate during the period if existing equipment and personnel
levels are maintained.
Tideland Mental Health, which operates an outpatient substance
abuse center in Swan Quarter and a day-care facility 'for the
developmentally disabled in Fairfield, has seen a steady increase
in client demand during the past five years. They anticipate the
demand will continue during the planning period. This five -county
agency is able to add personnel servicing Hyde County as required;
however, physical expansion is difficult at both facilities. The
agency has applied for funding to build a combined office, mental
health and adult developmentally -disabled day activity center in
Hyde County (no location sited).
8. Health Care
Health care for the elderly has been a major Hyde County prob-
lem. Construction of the 80-bed Cross Creek Healthcare facility
in Swan Quarter has eliminated this deficiency. In addition, the
facility has created 46 jobs and become a major Hyde County
employer.
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1
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D. REDEVELOPMZNT ISSIIES
The Hyde County mainland's greatest continuing redevelopment
issue will be the preservation and renovation of housing for its
low -to -moderate income families and individuals. As stated in the
existing housing conditions section, the county's housing stock is
aging. New housing is not being constructed at a rate sufficient
to replenish those units which are being lost due to age and
declining condition. The county will undertake the following in
support of residential development:
-- Support applications for North Carolina Community
Development housing rehabilitation funds;
-- Support applications for North Carolina Housing Finance
Agency home improvement funds;
-- Enforce the minimum housing code to ensure removal of
vacant dilapidated dwelling units.
Commercial redevelopment is a significant mainland need. The
Hyde County Shoreline Economic Development Plan, 1989, discussed
these needs in detail. The major concerns may be summarized as
follows:
-- Redevelopment of the Engelhard and Swan Quarter harbors is
crucial to the economic well being of the communities;
-- The ditches/canals around the county's developed areas
should be cleared of debris; in particular, sunken
vessels.
-- The Lake Mattamuskeet Lodge should be redeveloped for an
economically productive purpose.
While not mentioned in the 1989 shoreline study, relocation of
the Swan Quarter ferry terminal to the Outfall Canal location is
considered a major need. This project would serve as a boost to
tourism and have an overall positive impact.on the Hyde County
economy.
In order to support
' seek state and federal
but not be limited to,
funds.
commercial redevelopment, the county will
assistance. Such assistance may include,
Community.Development Economic Development
A third area of concern will be redevelopment of areas
following a hurricane or other natural disaster. The specifics of
such redevelopment are dealt with in the storm hazard mitigation
and post -disaster reconstruction plan. However, Hyde County will
support the reconstruction on the mainland of any properties
destroyed by natural disaster, when construction is consistent
with applicable Hyde County mainland ordinances.

1
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SECTION III
HYDE COUNTY MAINLAND
I 'RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES AND LAND CLASSIFICATIONS
i
11

As required by Coastal Area Management Act, the land use plan must
relate the policies section to the land classification map, and
' provide some indication as to which land uses are appropriate in
each land classification. As an overall objective, Hyde County
desires that the mainland land classification system be broadly
' interpreted to allow maximum freedom for economic/industrial
development.
A. DEVELOPED CLASS
The county's mainland growth has primarily occurred in and
around the communities of Swan Quarter, Engelhard and Fairfield.
' This trend should continue throughout the planning period. Devel-
oped areas are areas where basic services such as water and commu-
nity support services are available or might be feasible within the
' planning period. The developed class is specifically designated to
accommodate more intensively developed areas and land uses, includ-
ing single and multi -family residential, commercial, industrial
parks and open space, community facilities, health care, transpor-
tation and government services to include prisons. All uses
allowed by 15A NCAC 7H will be permitted. Population densities
will be moderate. The greatest demand for central services will
exist within this classification.
B. COMMUNITY CLASS
' Intensive development will not be encouraged in this class due
to the lack of urban services and/or physical limitations. The -
general range of acceptable uses are single-family residences,
' industrial development, isolated general and 'convenience stores and
churches, public facilities, health care facilities and government
services to include prisons. All uses allowed by 15A NCAC 7H will
' be permitted. The community classification is located in the
communities of Scranton, Bull Rock, Nebraska, Middleton, and
Sladesville.
' C. RURAL WITH SERVICES CLASS
The rural with services classification is to provide for very
' low density land uses including residential use where limited water
services are provided in order to avert an existing or projected
health problem. The locations of this classification are shown on
' Map 12. Areas meeting the intent of this class are appropriate for
very low intensity residential uses where lot sizes are large and
where the provision of services will not disrupt the primary rural
' character of the landscape. It is the intent of this plan that the
rural with services classification follow the location of the
county's Farmers Home Administration funded water system. The
' corridors following the water lines are intended to be one -mile
wide. They extend one-half mile on either side of the road along
which the classification is located. Other services such as
volunteer fire protection, rescue service, health care facilities
and government services to include prisons are allowed. Business
and industrial development uses and activities should be allowed.
All uses allowed by 15A NCAC 7H will be permitted.
' III-1

D. RURAL CLASS I
The rural -class is the broadest of the land classes and is
designated to provide for agriculture, forest management, mineral
'
extraction and other low intensity uses. Residences maybe located
within the rural class where urban services are not required and
where natural resources will be not be permanently impaired. Some
large developments may be encouraged in the rural class when there
,
is an absence of otherwise suitable land within the developed and
transition classes and/or when there is a possible adverse
environmental impact to the urban populace from the proposed
'
development. Such large developments or uses include airports,
land application sewer systems, and power plants. Public
facilities, health care facilities, businesses, on -site water and
,
septic tank use, industrial uses, hazardous or noxious uses, and
government services to include prisons are allowed. In addition,
all uses allowed by 15A NCAC 7H will be permitted.
'
E. CONSERVATION CLASS
The conservation classes are designated to provide for effec-
tive long-term management of significant limited or irreplaceable
areas which include the following categories: coastal wetlands,
estuarine shorelines, ORW estuarine shorelines, primary nursery
'
areas, estuarine and public trust waters, and outstanding resource
waters. Policy statements under Resource Protection, and Resource
Production and Management in Section V of this plan address the
'
county's intentions under this classification. The locations of
this classification are shown on Map 12. All uses allowed by
15A NCAC 7H will be permitted. '
1

'— A S H I- N G —T O N _— — C_ O U N T_ Y.---.—.--- —.— --- —
`'— —' T Y R R E L L
1 ` • CPMA %
CANAL
l\ � ALLIGATOR
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} ' t WAZEAY
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OASTAL WATE �AY�•iY•
PU - � Q
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•• PAVED ROADS
D A R E �, UNPAVED ROADS
°EP —._.— .—.—.-- __` p CANALS
C5 \
COUNTY LINE
To MANTEO r z6a U.S. NUMBERED HIGHWAY
QN.C. NUMBERED HIGHWAY
SECONDARY ROAD
1110 NUMBER
' I NGO RIVER —
�o L A K E MATTAMUDKEET
+_ "' ; NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE
O /
�. SAY +(
QLLJ
BELL BAY.
PAMLICO RIVER
M
�•�
The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
'
North Carolina Coastal Management
Program through funds provided by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
as amended, which is administered by the
\\
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management, National Oceanic and
`
Atmospheric Administration,
"'oe W"TY
k.'otr
wrcwuawe
ear
^= HOG
ISLAND
EAST BLUFF SAY
a v . HYDE - COUNTY
0 LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP
5 MAP 12
1.
DEVELOPED
COMMUNITY
RURAL
RURAL WITH SERVICES (SEE NOTE a)
CONSERVATION -
COASTAL WETLANDS `_
-�
OUTSTANDING RESOURCE WATERS
NOTEI) ALL AREAS LYING 0.75' LANDWARD OF THE MEAN HIGH
WATER LEVEL OR NORMAL WATER LEVEL OF ESTUARINE
WATERS NOT CLASSIFIED AS OUTSTANDING RESOURCE
WATERS ARE CLASSIFIED AS ESTUARINE SHORELINE
AREAS.
NOTE 2) ALL AREAS LYING 0-575' LANDWARD OF THE MEAN HIGH
WATER LEVEL OR NORMAL WATER LEVEL OF ESTUARINE
WATERS CLASSIFIED AS OUTSTANDING RESOURCE WATERS
ARE CLASSIFIED AS ESTUARINE SHORELINE AREAS.
NOTE 3) ALL WATERS OF HYDE COUNTY ARE CLASSIFIED AS
ESTUARINE WATERS AS DESCRIBED BY 15A NCAC 7H
0208. OR PUBLIC TRUST AREAS AS DESCRIBED BY
16A NCAC 7H.0207. IN AREAS NOT DESIGNATED AS
OUTSTANDING RESOURCE WATERS OR PRIMARY NURSERY
AREAS, ALL DEVELOPMENT SHALL BE CONSISTENT WITH
THE USE STANDARDS CONTAINED IN 15A NCAC 7H.0206
ANO.0207.
NOTE 4) THE RURAL WITH SERVICES "CORRIDORS' ARE ONE MILE
WIDE. THEY EXTEND ONE-HALF MILE ON EITHER SIDE
OF THE ROAD ALONG WHICH THE CLASSIFICATION IS
LOCATED.
sraLE
O 1 2 S _ ♦ rLrs
*Because of map scale, the exact
location of 404 wetland areas
cannot be delineated. Precise
locations must be determined
through on —site analysis and
verification by the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers. Coastal
wetlands will be located by the III-3
North Carolina Division of Coastal
Management.

A
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SECTION IV
HYDE COUNTY MAINLAND
POLICY STATEMENTS

IA. INTRODUCTION TO POLICY
The previous sections of this plan identify a number of areas
of concern dealing with growth, development, and the environment.
The plan also discusses many opportunities and assets which exist
within the Hyde County mainland and Ocracoke. This section pro-
vides policies designed to address growth management and protect
the county's assets. Separate policy statements are provided for
Ocracoke and the Hyde County mainland. The policy statements
should address the desires and objectives of the citizens of the
Hyde County mainland and Ocracoke, and respond to the policy state-
ment requirements of the Coastal Resources Commission as defined by
15A NCAC 7B.
The policy statements are extremely important and have a
day-to-day impact on businesses and individual citizens within the
county. The statements have an impact in three areas:
-- CAMA minor and major permitting as required by N.C.G.S.
113A-118 prior to undertaking any development in any area
of environmental concern.
-- Establishment of local planning policy.
-- Review of proposed projects requiring state or federal
' assistance or approval to determine consistency with local
policies.
For the issuance of CAMA permits within areas of environmental
concern, the state defines minimum acceptable use standards which
are defined by 15A NCAC 7H. A local unit of government must adopt
' policies which are, at a minimum, equal to and consistent with the
state's minimum use standards. A local unit of government may
adopt policies which are more stringent than the minimum use
standards. For example, the state standards allow marinas to be
located within estuarine waters if some minimum conditions are met.
A local government may adopt a policy stating that marinas will not
be permitted within estuarine waters, or allowed only if some
additional local policies are met. If this were to occur, a CAMA
permit for marina construction in estuarine waters would not be
issued, or issued only if all local policies are satisfied. IT
IS CRUCIAL THAT A LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF ITS
POLICIES WITHIN AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN.
' The second area of land use plan application is that of
establishing policies to guide the jurisdiction's local planning.
This may apply both within areas of environmental concern where
CAMA regulations apply and in non -CAMP; regulated areas of the
county. Non-CAMA-related recommendations must be implemented with
local land use ordinances such as zoning, development, or sub-
division ordinances. If a land use plan recommends that the
' average residential density should be three dwelling units per acre
IV-1

within a particular area, then that
through local regulatory controls.
with the interaction of the land use
and 15A NCAC 7H use standards).
density must be achieved
(This should not be confused
plan with the CAMA regulations
The final area of application is that of "Consistency Review"
Proposals and applications for state and federal assistance or
requests for agency approval of projects are normally reviewed
against a jurisdiction's land use plan to determine if the project
is consistent with local policies. Inconsistencies of a project
with local policies could serve as grounds for denial or revision
of a project. For example, an individual or agency may request
state approval to construct a nursing home/health care facility.
If the proposed location of the project is within an area in which
the land use plan does not allow such a facility, the project may
be judged to be inconsistent with the local land use plan.
The Coastal Resources Commission requires all governments to
specify stated development policies under each one of five broad
topics. These topics include:
-- Resource Protection
-- Resource Production and Management
-- Economic and Community Development
-- Continuing Public Participation
-- Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery, and
Evacuation Plans
Based on the analysis of existing conditions and trends,
suggestions from the county's citizens, and substantial input and
guidance from the Hyde County Mainland and Ocracoke Village Land
Use Planning Advisory Committees, the policies in the following
sections have been formulated to provide guides for regulating
growth, development, and resource management throughout the plan-
ning period in each separate area.
1
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IV-2

I
HYDE COUNTY MAINLAND POLICY STATEMENTS
B. RESOURCE PROTECTION POLICY STATEMENTS
PHYSICAL LIMITATIONS
Soils: To mitigate existing septic tank problems and other
restrictions on development posed by soil limitations on the Hyde
County mainland, Hyde County will:
(a) Enforce all current regulations of the N.C. State Building
Code and Hyde County Health Department relating to building
construction and septic tank installation/replacement in areas
with soils restrictions.
(b) Coordinate all development activity with appropriate county
and state regulatory personnel, and in particular, with the
Hyde County Sanitarian.
(c) Support the development of central sewer system(s) to serve
the Engelhard, Swan Quarter, Ponzer, Fairfield and Sladesville
communities.
Flood Hazard Areas:
(a) Hyde County will continue to coordinate all development within
the special flood hazard area with the county's Inspections
Department, North Carolina Division of Coastal Management,
FEMA, and the U.S. Corps of Engineers.
(b) Hyde County will continue to enforce its flood damage preven-
tion ordinance and follow the storm hazard mitigation plan
herein.
Groundwater/Protection of Potable Water Supplies: It shall be the
policy of Hyde County to conserve its surficial* groundwater
resources by enforcing CAMA and N.C. Division of Environmental
Management stormwater run-off regulations, and by coordinating
local development activities involving chemical storage or under-
ground storage tank installation/abandonment with Hyde County
Emergency Management personnel and the Groundwater Section of the
North Carolina Division of Environmental Management.
Manmade Hazards:
(a) Hyde County will support -the technical requirements and state
program approval for underground storage tanks (40 CFR, Parts
280 and 281), until such time as the State Division of Envi-
ronmental Management is authorized to regulate underground
storage tanks under North Carolina state law.
(b) Hyde County opposes the disposal of any toxic wastes, as
defined by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Listing
*Groundwaters which are at or just below the surface.
IV-3

of Hazardous Substances and Priority Pollutants (developed
pursuant to the Clean Water Act of 1977, within its planning
jurisdiction.
(c) Hyde County supports the following aircraft operations stan-
dards which were adopted by the Coastal Resources Commission
on December 1, 1989, and were effective March 1, 1990:
1. Minimum Altitudes
No development involving airspace activity shall be allowed
in any AEC which would result in violation of minimum alti-
tude standards adopted by the Federal Aviation Administra-
tion and codified at 14 CFR Part 91.79. Future amendments
by the Federal Aviation Administration shall be deemed to
be incorporated into this rule pursuant to G.S. 150B-14(c)
unless the Commission objects within 90 days of publication
of the action in the Federal Register. Upon objection by
the Commission to a change, the Commission shall initiate
rule -making proceedings on incorporation of the amendment
into this rule. The amendment will not be incorporated
into this rule pending a rule -making hearing and final
action by the Commission on the proposed amendment.
2. Noise Pollution
'
Except as required for safe aircraft takeoff and landing
operations, airspace activity associated with coastal
development shall not impose an increase in average noise
exceeding 10 dBA above background levels. Noise measure-
ments shall be normalized Ldn as set forth by the Environ-
mental Protection Agency in its report 550/9-74-004
entitled Information on Levels of Environmental Noise
Requisite to Protect the Public Health and Welfare with an
Adequate Margin of Safety. The maximum noise level associ-
ated with any single event shall not exceed 85 dBA. These
limits shall not apply where noise impacts are confined to
surface areas owned or controlled by the project's propo-
nent. Any noise monitoring required to ensure compliance
with this rule shall be the responsibility of the
proponent.
3. Policies on Use of Coastal Airspace
-- Declaration of General Policy
It is hereby declared that the use of aircraft by state,
federal and local government agencies for purposes of
managing and protecting coastal resources, detecting
'
violations of environmental laws and regulations, and
performing other functions related to the public health,
safety and welfare serves a vital public interest. The
Commission further finds that future economic development
in the coastal area and orderly management of such develop-
ment requires air access to and among coastal communities.
IV-4 I

-- Policy Statements
a) It is the policy of the State of North Carolina that
access corridors free of special use airspace desig-
nations shall be preserved along the length of the
barrier islands and laterally at intervals not to
exceed 25 miles to provide unobstructed access both
along the coastline and from inland areas to the coast.
Such access corridors shall extend from the surface to
an altitude of 6000 feet above sea level except where
communication and radar services allow positive air-
craft control at lower altitudes.
b) Development of aviation -related projects and associated
airspace management practices shall, to the maximum
extent practicable, facilitate use of aircraft by
local, state and federal government agencies for pur-
poses of resource management, law enforcement and other
activities related to the public health, safety and
welfare. In any case, access to restricted areas shall
be provided on a periodic basis for routine enforcement
flights, and access shall be provided on an emergency
basis when required to respond to an immediate threat
to public health and safety.
4. Policies on Water and Wetland Based Target Areas for
Military Training Activities
-- Declaration of General Policy
for
The use of water and wetland -based target areas mili-
tary training purposes may result in adverse impacts on
coastal resources and on the exercise of public trust
rights. The public interest requires that, to the maximum
extent practicable, use of such targets not infringe on
public trust rights, cause damage to public trust
resources, violate existing water quality standards, or
result in public safety hazards.
-- Policy Statements
a) It is the policy of the State of North Carolina that
all public trust waters subject to surface water
restrictions pursuant to 33 USCS 3 for use in military
training shall be opened to commercial fishing at
established times appropriate for harvest of the
fisheries resources within those areas.
b) Where laser weaponry is used, the area of restricted
surface waters shall be at least as large as the recom-
mended laser safety zone.
c) Water quality shall be tested periodically in the sur-
face water restricted areas surrounding such targets
and results of such testing shall be reported to the
department.
IV-5

IJ
5. Hyde County opposes the expansion of any restricted air
space in Hyde County.
Stormwater Runoff:
(a)
Hyde County will support state regulations relating to storm -
water runoff resulting from development (Stormwater Disposal
Policy 15A NCAC 2H.001-.1003).
Cultural/Historic Resources:
(a)
Hyde County shall coordinate all housing code enforcement/ -
redevelopment projects with the N.C. Division of Archives and
History, to ensure that any significant architectural details
or buildings are identified and preserved.
(b)
Hyde County will coordinate all public works projects with the
N.C. Division of Archives and History, to ensure the identifi-
cation and preservation of significant archaeological sites.
(c)
The county will pursue establishment of historic preservation
districts and commissions in Engelhard, Lake Landing,
Fairfield, and Swan Quarter. A historic district zoning
ordinance should be designed for each area. A representative
of the Division of Archives and History should be assigned to
work with Hyde County in the development of historic districts
and ordinances.
Industrial Impacts on Fragile Areas: Industrial development which
can comply with the use standards specified by 15A NCAC 7H and
applicable ORW management plans may be located within conservation
classified areas. Hyde County aggressively encourages the develop-
ment of industry on the mainland. The development of a diversified
economic base and jobs are crucial to a stable future for Hyde
County. The county does not want any policies contained within
this plan to prohibit mainland industrial development which meets
all applicable state and federal regulations. Hyde County objects
to enforcement of the 404 wetlands permitting process by the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers preventing any industrial development.
However, the county recognizes that this position may have no
effect on Corps' action because local policies/legislation cannot
supersede more restrictive federal legislation.
MISCELLANEOUS RESOURCE PROTECTION
Package Treatment Plant Use: Hyde County supports the construction
of package treatment plants which are approved and permitted by the
State Division of Environmental Management.
As package plants are approved, Hyde County supports requirement of
a specific contingency plan specifying how ongoing private opera-
tion and maintenance of the plant will be provided, and detailing
provisions for assumption of the plant into a public system should
the private operation fail.
Hyde County supports the discharge of package treatment plant
effluent into 404 wetland areas.
IV-6

Marina and Floating Home Development: Hyde County will enforce the
following policies to govern floating homes and marina develop-
ment:
(a) Hyde County will allow the construction and expansion -of
marinas, including upland marinas, in 'all mainland areas which
satisfy the use standards for marinas as specified in
15A NCAC 7H. This shall include marinas proposed for location
within Conservation areas.
(b) Hyde County will allow construction of dry stack storage
facilities for boats associated either with or independent of
marinas. All applicable state and federal regulations must be
satisfied.
(c) Floating homes are not an issue or.problem on the Hyde County
mainland. However, Hyde County discourages the anchoring of
floating homes within its.planning jurisdiction.
(d) The assistance of the Department of Commerce, the Albemarle
Commission, and Northeastern North Carolina Tomorrow will be
requested to assist local marina operators in researching
options available for upgrading and expanding marina facili-
ties. The need to improve transient docking facilities,
channel depth and general harbor facilities should be analyzed
annually by the county.
Development of Sound and Estuarine Islands: Hyde County does not
oppose development of sound and estuarine islands if the develop-
ment satisfies the 15A NCAC 7H use standards and applicable ORW
management plans.
Bulkhead Construction: Hyde County supports the construction of
bulkheads as long as they fulfill the use standards set forth in
15A NCAC 7H.
Sea Level Rise: Hyde County will implement the following policies
to respond to sea level rise:
(a) Hyde County will continuously monitor the effects of sea level
rise and update the land use plan policies as necessary to
protect the county's public and private properties from rising
water levels.
(b) Hyde County will support bulkheading on the mainland to pro-
tect its shoreline areas from intruding water resulting from
rising sea level.
Outstanding Resource Waters: Hyde County objects to any mainland
water areas being designated as outstanding resource waters and
desires to have the Alligator River and Swan Quarter Bay/Juniper
Bay area ORW designations repealed.
I IV-7

1
C.
RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES
RECREATION RESOURCES
(a)
Subject to available funds, Hyde County supports a compre-
hensive recreational program to provide a broad range of
recreational facilities for its citizens.
(b)
The pier at the Swan Quarter Wildlife Refuge is rapidly
falling into a state of disrepair. This facility provides
unusual Pamlico Sound fishing opportunities to residents and
tourists. Hyde County supports all efforts by the North
Carolina Department of Marine Fisheries to provide financial
assistance to preserve the facility. Additionally, the state
should vigorously encourage the National Wildlife Service to
maintain the facility in a usable condition.
(c)
The county supports utilization of estuarine shoreline access
�.
funds to provide improved pedestrian access to Engelhard
Harbor. The access point should be designed for visual
enhancement and should not be intended to provide active water
access. The assistance of the CAMA staff in investigating a
site and preparing an application will be requested by the
county.
(d)
A shoreline access site providing pedestrian access to Swan
Quarter Bay should be established. This site could be located
at Long Point with access from the Swan Quarter ferry terminal
site or at the end of a private road extending to Swan Quarter
Bay off N.C. 45. This site would provide visual access to an
extensive marsh area and pedestrian access to the shoreline.
This would also provide fishing and crabbing opportunities.
The county supports an application for estuarine shoreline
access funds. The assistance of the CAMA staff in investi-
gating a site and preparing the application will be requested
by the county.
(e)
Hyde County supports improved pedestrian and vehicular access
to Lake Mattamuskeet and its shoreline.
(f)
Hyde County
supports
private recreational development along
the Lake Mattamuskeet
shoreline and the Intracoastal
Waterway.
(g)
Hyde County
supports
aesthetic, building and access improve-
ments to the
Swan Quarter dock area.
(h)
Hyde County
supports
the construction of boardwalks along the
Pungo River.in
the Ponzer area.
(i)
Hyde County
supports
the construction of boat ramps and
boardwalk facilities
on Scranton Creek at U.S. 264.
IV-8 I

Productive Agricultural Lands: Hyde County supports and encourages
use of the U.S. Soil Conservation Service "Best Management
Practices" program to protect productive agricultural lands.
Productive Forest Lands: Hyde County encourages and supports util-
ization of the Forest Best Management Practices Manual, 1989, North
Carolina Division of Forest Resources for all forestry operations.
Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Development Impacts on
Resources: Residential, commercial, and industrial development
which meets 15A NCAC 7H use standards, and applicable ORW manage-
ment plans, will be allowed in estuarine shoreline, estuarine
water, and public trust areas. In all other areas, development
will be allowed that is consistent with applicable local, state and
federal regulations. However, development should not be prohibited
by the enforcement of 404 wetland regulations. Hyde County will
encourage development along Smith Creek and Far Creek.
Marine Resource Areas:
(a) Hyde County supports the use standards for estuarine and
public trust areas as specified in 15A NCAC 7H.0207.
(b) Hyde.County reserves the right to comment on the individual
policies and requirements of the North Carolina Division of
Marine Fisheries.
(c) Hyde County's commercial fishing industry may have "untapped"
markets. Representatives of the Department of Commerce and
Department of Marine Fisheries should be designated to work
with a county committee composed of local commercial fishermen
to investigate the opportunities for exporting seafood
products. In addition, the options for establishing a non-
profit seafood processing plant with the assistance of a
community development economic development grant should be
pursued. The Hyde County planner or manager's office should
pursue this possibility with the DECD Division of Community
Assistance and coordinate with local commercial fishing
interests.
` (d) The county recognizes the importance to the region, state and
nation of the federal wildlife reserves within Hyde County.
These reserves provide habitats for numerous species of
animals and plant life, and contribute to the local tourist
economy. However, the county also recognizes that additional
takeover of any lands for expansion of wildlife reserves could
take lands out of the local ad valorem tax base, and the
county is concerned with the possible effect this may have on
the local tax base. For this reason, the county's policy is
that of opposition to any expansion of federal wildlife
reserves that preempt any lands within Hyde County.
1 IV-9

D. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
General: Hyde County desires to expand its economic base, includ-
ing tourism, commercial fishing, retail and wholesale trade, real
estate and construction, and industrial development. Hyde County
will support growth and development at the densities specified in
the land classification definitions. The desired pattern of devel-
opment is shown on the Land Classification Map 12. The following
Economic and Community Development policies shall apply:
(a) Hyde County strongly objects to stringent enforcement of the
404 wetlands regulations by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Enforcement of the program and permit process is jeopardizing
economic development on the Hyde County mainland and inter-
fering with sound and reasonable agricultural operations and
production. Hyde County supports reduction of the 404
wetlands regulations by the federal government, and objects to
the establishment of any state 404 or freshwater wetlands
regulations.
(b) Businesses throughout Hyde County are unfamiliar with the
assistance available through the state's community development
economic development programs. Educational efforts are
supported by the county. Representatives of the Department of
Economic and Community Development, Division of Community
Assistance, should conduct a county -wide seminar to explain
and promote the program.
(d) There is no in -county technical training beyond the high
school level. The county supports the assistance by the North
Carolina Community College System and the North Carolina
/
Agricultural Extension Service in investigating the need for
and options available to establish in -county post -high school
technical training. Training should focus on general business
development skills, technical training relating to existing
businesses, and service industry talents.
(d) Hyde County supports the Hyde County Chamber of Commerce and
r
Economic Development Task Force. All economic development
plans and activities should be coordinated with the Chamber of
Commerce.
(e) Hyde County supports applications for Small Business CD
economic development funds to aid in structural and cosmetic
improvements. A survey of the incomes of all business and
property owners should be undertaken. Assistance from the
Albemarle Commission will be requested to undertake this
survey. This will be important to determine owner eligibility
for possible CDBG funded commercial rehabilitation. Assis-
tance from the DECD Division of Community Assistance staff
should be provided to prepare competitive applications for
funds.
IV-10 I

(f) Private investors for the following facilities and services
will be solicited by the county:
-- Restaurants
-- Motels
-- Marina facilities
Pamlico Sound fishing charters
- Bed/breakfast facilities
-- Mainland and sound nature tours (including Lake
Mattamuskeet)
-- Other tourism related facilities and services.
This effort should be directed at improving both the quality
and diversity of services offered in Hyde County.
(g) Hyde County supports the establishment of a biology field
station and environmental education center at the Lake
Mattamuskeet Lodge by East Carolina University.
Water Supply:
(a) Hyde County supports the extension of central water service
into all areas of the county not classified as rural, includ-
ing the construction of lines to and through conservation
areas to serve development which meets all applicable state
and federal regulations.
(b) The county is aware that inappropriate land uses near well
fields increase the possibility of well contamination. Land
uses near groundwater sources are regulated by the North
Carolina Division of Environmental Management through N.C.A.C.
Subchapter 2L and Subchapter 2C. Hyde County recognizes the
importance of protecting potable water supplies, and therefore
supports the enforcement of these regulations.
(c) Hyde County supports all efforts to secure available state and
federal funding for the construction and/or expansion of
public and private water systems.
Sewer System:
(a) Hyde County's first mainland priority is the establishment of
central sewer systems for Engelhard, Swan Quarter, Ponzer,
Fairfield, Middleton, Nebraska, Slocumb and Sladesville. The
establishment of these systems will be expensive and environ-
mentally complicated. No one source of funding will be
sufficient. State, federal, local, and private funds will be
required. The county will review the Coastal Initiative Pilot
Community literature to obtain a list of state and federal
agencies providing typical and non -typical funding sources.
The state should establish an interagency task force to work
directly with the Hyde County Board of Commissioners and
Manager to identify solutions and sources of funding. As a
minimum, the task force should include representatives of the
Department of Commerce; the Department of Economic and
IV-11

Community Development, Division of Community Assistance; the,
Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources,
Division of Environmental Management; the Albemarle Commission
which can access EDA funding; and representatives of the
Governor's office.
(b)
Hyde County supports the discharge of effluent into 404
(freshwater) wetland areas. Wetlands "created" to aid in
treating waste effluent shall be allowed.
(c)
Hyde County supports the extension of central sewer service
into all areas of the county not classified as rural, includ-
ing the construction of lines to and through conservation
areas to serve development which meets all applicable state
and federal regulations.
(d)
Hyde County supports all efforts to secure available state and
federal funding for the construction and/or expansion of
public and private sewer systems.
Stormwater•
(a)
Hyde County will cooperate with the NCDOT, the North Carolina
Division of Environmental Management, and other state agencies
in mitigating the impact of stormwater runoff on all conser-
vation classified areas.
Energy
Facility Siting and Development: Hyde County will implement
the
following energy facility siting and development policies:
(a)
There are no electric generating plants located in or proposed
for Hyde County. However, the county will review proposals
for development of electric generating plants, or plants asso-
ciated with peat mining, on a case -by -case basis, judging the
need for the facility against all identified possible adverse
impacts.
(b)
The Hyde County mainland will not oppose drilling operations
and onshore support facilities for which an environmental
impact statement has been prepared with a finding of no
significant impact on the environment. (NOTE: This is
inconsistent with the offshore drilling policy for Ocracoke.)
Redevelopment
of Developed Areas: The most significant redevelop-
ment
issues facing Hyde County through 2000 are substandard housing
and
reconstruction following a major storm. During the planning
period,
the county will attempt to correct its worst substandard
j
housing conditions:
(a) The county should revise its minimum housing code. A
strengthened code will have little impact on Ocracoke because
of the limited number of substandard structures. However,
dilapidated structures exist in both Engelhard and Swan
Quarter. The Engelhard harbor area is the most adversely
IV-12 i

affected by substandard structures. The entire county will
benefit from improved control of structural conditions.
Caution must be exercised in the implementation of this
effort. Hyde County does 'not desire to displace families or
unreasonably require building demolition. However, the county
does intend to require that buildings which are a health
hazard and which detract from community appearance be
removed.
(b) The county will apply for Community Development Block Grant
Community Revitalization fund. Such applications shall be
coordinated with the Hyde County Housing Board.
(c) Coordinating redevelopment efforts with the Hyde County
Building Inspections Department.
The second redevelopment concern is reconstruction following a
hurricane or other natural disaster. The Storm Hazard Mitigation,
Post -Disaster Recovery, and Evacuation Plan provides policies for
responding to hurricanes or other natural disasters. Those poli-
cies address reconstruction needs. The county will allow the
reconstruction of any structures.demolished by natural disaster
when the reconstruction complies with all applicable local, state,
and federal regulations.
Estuarine Access: Hyde County supports the state's shoreline
access policies as set forth in Chapter 15A, Subchapter 7M of the
North Carolina Administrative Code. The county will conform to
CAMA and other state and federal environmental regulations affect-
ing the development of estuarine access areas. The county supports
participation in state/local sponsored shoreline access projects.
Types and Locations of Desired Industry: Industrial development
is crucial to economic growth in Hyde County. The county's heavy
reliance on employment in the service, agricultural, and forestry
sectors should be balanced by the development of a base of indus-
trial/manufacturing employment. Therefore, Hyde County supports
all industrial development on the mainland which satisfies appli-
cable state and federal regulations.
Commitment to State and Federal Programs: Hyde County is receptive
to all state and federal programs which provide improvements to the
county. The county will continue to fully support such programs,
especially the following: the North Carolina Department of Trans-
portation road and bridge improvement programs, the CAMA planning
process and permitting programs, and the Community Development
Block Grant program. However, the county objects to 404 wetland
regulations and the designation of outstanding resource waters
within the county.
Assistance in Channel Maintenance: Proper maintenance of channels
is very important to Hyde County because of the substantial
economic impact of commercial fisheries and tourism. If silt or
other deposits fill in the channels, safe and efficient movement of
i IV-13

I
commercial fishing, recreational vehicles, and transport vessels
could be impeded. Hyde County will consider on a case -by -case
basis the provision of assistance to the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers and/or state officials to obtain spoil sites, provide
financial aid, and assist in securing or providing easements for
work. In addition, the following policies shall apply:
(a) Hyde County supports establishment of a state program for the
regular maintenance and dredging of the Far Creek Channel and
the Swan Quarter Canal. The Department of Commerce should
take a lead role in this effort. Maintenance of both are
vital to the county's commercial fishing interests.
(b) Hyde County supports adding the secure/safe anchorages which
exist along its shoreline to the state boating map. These
sites were identified cooperatively through the Coastal
Initiatives Program by Hyde County and Department of Economic
and Community Development. personnel. Identification of these
sites will provide increased safe anchorage areas and attract
boating traffic to mainland Hyde County. Assistance of the
Coast Guard in marking channels to the areas should be
supported.
(c)
The county supports cooperation with the Soil Conservation
Service to map canals, ditches and streams. With county
support, SCS should take the lead role in providing technical
assistance to accomplish "snagging" and general clean-up. A
clean-up program should be coordinated with the Albemarle
Resource Conservation Council. Hyde County support of one-
third of the cost should be provided. The remaining two-
thirds cost may be available from the DECD Division of Water
Resources. The problem of removal of abandoned or sunken
vessels will require Coast Guard assistance. A representative
of the Division of Water Resources should be appointed to work
with the SCS, Albemarle Resource Conservation and Development
Council, and U.S. Coast Guard to develop a plan of action to
deal with sunken/abandoned vessels.
Tourism: Hyde County will implement the following policies to
further the development of tourism:
(a)
Hyde County will support North Carolina Department of Trans-
portation projects to improve access to the county.
(b)
Hyde Count will support projects that will increase public
Y PP P J
access to -shoreline areas.
(c)
Hyde County will continue to support the activities of the
North Carolina Division of Travel and Tourism; specifically,
the monitoring of tourism -related industry, efforts to promote
tourism -related commercial activity, and efforts to enhance
and provide shoreline resources.
IV-14 I

(d) The county should establish a tourist/visitors center to be
located at the intersection of U.S. 264 and N.C. 45. This
location will serve both traffic traveling through the county
and traffic traveling to and from the Ocracoke -Swan Quarter
ferry. Technical assistance from the Department of Tourism
should be provided to develop plans and guidelines for the
center and to identify sources of funding. A second center
may be established on U.S. 264 at the Octagon House.
(e) Hyde County supports development of the Engelhard and Swan
Quarter Harbors as community focal points and tourist
attractions. Visual and pedestrian access to the harbors
should be improved. Specific site plans should be developed
to address public and private improvements. The key elements
of the plan will include:.
-- Removal of all dilapidated buildings adjacent to the
harbor.
-- Removal of all abandoned or sunken vessels.
-- Establishment of a local and maritime history museum in
Engelhard.
-- Development of a public parking lot.
-- Development of a shoreline access site.
-- Preservation of the existing U.S. 264 bridge crossing the
upper end of the harbor (Engelhard).
-- Development of a landscaping plan for public right-of-way
and private property surrounding the intersection of
U.S. 264 and Engelhard Harbor.
-- Development of picnic/park facilities adjacent to the
harbor area.
Transportation: Hyde County supports the following transportation
policies and programs:
(a) Hyde County supports visual improvement of the entrances to
Swan Quarter. Three improvement areas exist: 1) the inter-
section of U.S. 264 and N.C. 45; 2) the intersection of
U.S. 264 and S.R. 1129; and 3) the intersection of N.C. 45 and
S.R. 1129. The county supports assistance from the DOT Divi-
sion of Highways to design a planting/landscape plan for each
intersection. The county will solicit local civic organiza-
tions to commit to the development of each area. This will
require initial labor for construction/planting and long-term
regular maintenance.
(b) The North Carolina Department of Transportation, Division of
Highways, should implement its wildflower research project
i IV-15

I
along U.S. 264 from the Hyde County Airport, west to the Hyde
County line. A representative of the DOT should be assigned
to develop and coordinate this program with the Hyde County
manager's office.
(c) Hyde County supports participation in the North Carolina
Department of Transportation Adopt -A -Highway program. The
program should be implemented along U.S. 264 from the Hyde
County Airport, west to the Hyde County line. A representa-
tive of the Division of Highways should be assigned to work
with Hyde County to develop the program. Hyde County supports
the preparation and implementation of a landscaping plan by
the DOT for the ferry terminal facilities at Swan Quarter.
The plan should utilize "annuals" which will add color to the
site. The county also supports establishment of a small
farmers market on terminal property.
(d) Hyde County supports the .establishment of a high-speed day
ferry or pedestrian ferry between Ocracoke and the mainland.
Such service would increase tourist accessibility to Ocracoke
and provide the mainland labor base access to Ocracoke to
support the tourist-related.service establishments. High-
speed ferry service may be operated as either a public or
private venture. This would also assist with evacuation of
Ocracoke.
(e)
Hyde County supports the designation of segments of U.S. 264
as a scenic highway by the Department of Transportation.
Emphasis should be placed on the portion of the highway
extending from the Intracoastal Waterway east to the inter-
section of U.S. 264 and N.C. 45. Another segment may include
U.S. 264 from the Hyde County Airport east to the county line.
Caution must be taken to clearly understand the restrictions
which would be associated with scenic highway designations.
The county will not support any controls which will limit
economic development.
(f)
Hyde County supports replacement of the Far Creek U.S. 264
bridge in Engelhard.
(g)
Hyde County supports relocation of the mainland ferry terminal
from Swan Quarter to the Outfall Canal.
E.
CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
As the initial step in the preparation of this document, Hyde
County mainland prepared and adopted a "Citizen Participation
Plan." The plan outlined the methodology for citizen involvement.
The Board of Commissioners appointed an Advisory Land Use Planning
-Committee for the mainland. The mainland committee included the
following members: Martell Marshall, Katrina Rickard, Tom Mann,
Vance Jones, Ottis Clayton, Terry McCall, Gwen Roberts, and Melody
Williams. Public involvement was generated through public ,.
information meetings, advertising in a local newspaper.
IV-16

L
I
1
n
n
A public information meeting, advertised in the Washington Daily
News was conducted by the Hyde County Board of Commissioners at the
outset of the project on December 3, 1990, at the Hyde County
Courthouse. Subsequently, meetings of the Land Use Plan Advisory
Committee, open to the public, were conducted on January 7, 1991,
and March 27, 1991, to discuss development of the land use plan.
These meetings were advertised in the Washington Daily News.
Another public information meeting, advertised in the Coastland
Times was held on September 16, 1991, to review and comment on the
draft plan before its submittal to the Coastal Resources
Commission:
The preliminary plan was submitted to the Coastal Resources
Commission for comment on September 23,.1991. Following receipt of
CRC comments, the plan was amended, and a formal public hearing on
the final document was conducted on March 16, 1992. The public
hearing was advertised in the Coastland Times on February 4, 1992.
The plan was approved by the Hyde County Board of Commissioners on
May 18, 1992, and submitted to the Coastal Resources Commission for
certification. The plan was certified on May 29, 1992.
Citizen input will continue to be solicited, primarily through the
Board of Commissioners, with advertised and adequately publicized
public meetings held to discuss special land use issues and to keep
citizens informed.
1
IV-17

1
SECTION V
HYDE COUNTY MAINLAND
LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
1
1
1

0
I
SECTION V: LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
As explained in the introduction to the policy statements, land
use plans prepared to comply with 15A NCAC 7B regulations have
three areas of impact on application: (1) to set policy to guide
local planning and land use management decisions; (2) review of
projects for consistency with local planning policies; and (3) the
establishment of local policies for areas of environmental concern.
The CAMA regulations require the establishment.of a specific land
classification system to support the local government's policy
statements. The CAMA 15A NCAC 7B regulations state:
"The land classification system provides a framework
to be used by local governments to identify the
future use of all lands. The designation of land
classes allows the local government to illustrate
their policy statements as to where and to what
density they want growth to occur, and where they
want to conserve natural and cultural resources by
guiding growth."
The CAMA regulations provide for the following land classifica-
tions: developed, urban transition, limited transition, community,
rural, rural with services, and conservation. These classifi-
cations may be further defined by a local government. In applying
these classifications, a local government should carefully consider
where and when various types of development should be encouraged.
Additionally, the areas of environmental concern requiring protec-
tion should be identified and mapped. Each applicable land classi-
fication must be represented on a land classification map.
The following land classifications will apply on the Hyde
County mainland:
Developed: Areas included in the developed land classification
are currently predominantly urban in character. This classifi-
cation is limited to Swan Quarter, Engelhard and Fairfield.
Municipal types of services are in place or are expected to be
provided within the next five to ten years. Land uses include
residential (single and multi -family), commercial, institutional,
transportation, industrial parks, open space, industrial, and other
urban land uses at high or moderate densities. Residential densi-
ties are allowed in excess of an average of three dwelling units
per acre. All uses allowed by 15A NCAC 7H shall be permitted.
Community: Areas included in the community classification are
presently developed at low densities and are suitable for septic
tank usage. This classification includes the communities of
Scranton, Gull Rock, Nebraska, Middleton and Sladesville. Uses
r( include single-family residences, isolated general and convenience
■ stores, churches, public facilities, health care facilities,
businesses, industrial development -and mixed land uses at low
densities. Very limited municipal type services, including water
I V-1

r
service, may be available. Sewer service may
correct an existing or projected public health
densities shall average two dwelling units pe
allowed by 15A NCAC 7H shall be permitted.
be provided to
hazard. Residential
r acre. All uses
Rural with Services: Areas included within the rural with
services classification are developed at very low density. This
classification is delineated on Map 12. Land uses include
residential use where limited water services are provided in order
to avert existing or projected health problems, public facilities,
health care facilities, commercial and industrial uses. All uses
allowed by 15A NCAC 7H shall be permitted. Lot sizes will be large
and the provision of services will not disrupt the primary rural
character of the landscape. Residential densities shall average
two dwelling units per acre. Development should be low density in
order to maintain a rural character.
Rural: Areas included within the rural classification include
lands that are appropriate for or presently used for agriculture,
forestry, mineral extraction, and other uses that should be located
in a relatively isolated and undeveloped area. The predominant
land uses are agricultural and residential. However, public facil-
ities, health care facilities, on -site water and sewer systems,
hazardous or noxious uses, industrial and commercial uses are
allowed. In addition, all uses allowed by 15A NCAC 7H shall be
permitted. Rural water systems may be available to help avert poor
water quality problems. Residential densities shall average two
dwelling units per acre.
CONSERVATION CLASSIFICATIONS
Coastal Wetlands: This classification includes all areas of
coastal wetlands which include any salt marsh or other marsh
subject to regular or occasional flooding by tides, including wind
tides. However, tidal flooding is understood not to include hurri-
cane or tropical storm tides. All uses allowed by 15A NCAC 7H
shall be permitted.
Estuarine Shoreline: All areas lying 0-75 feet landward of the
mean high water level of estuarine waters not designated as Out-
standing Resource Waters are classified as estuarine shorelines.
Because of map size and scale, these areas cannot be accurately
mapped. Precise locations must be determined in the field. All
uses allowed by 15A NCAC 7H shall be permitted.
ORW Estuarine Shorelines: All areas lying 0-575 feet landward
of the mean high water level of estuarine waters designated as
Outstanding Resource Waters are classified as ORW estuarine shore-
lines. Because of map size and scale, these areas cannot be
accurately mapped. Precise locations must be determined in the
field. All uses allowed by 15A NCAC 7H and the applicable ORW
management plan shall be permitted.
V-2 I

1
1
1-1
1
Estuarine and Public Trust Waters: All public trust areas and
estuarine waters are included in this classification. All waters
of the Hyde County mainland are classified as estuarine waters as
described by 15A NCAC 7H.0206 or public trust areas as described by
15A NCAC 7H.0207. All uses allowed by 15A NCAC 7H shall be
permitted.
Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW): This area includes all
waters which have been designated by the North Carolina Environ-
mental Management Commission as Outstanding Resource Waters. All
uses allowed by 15A NCAC 7H and the applicable ORW management plan
shall be permitted. The ORW locations are indicated on Map 12.
1
V-3

we m Im r +ems " m m mi w as m m m w go m m to

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1
APPENDIX I
GUIDE TO OUTPUT: NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
NATURAL AREAS DATABASE
The Natural Areas Database contains information on areas or sites
identified by the program as containing significant ecological
features to the extent that we believe their preservation to be
important to the overall goal of preserving the state's natural
heritage. Collectively, these sites comprise the program's
"Priority List" -- a working guide directing our protection
efforts.
Each record in this database is an "abstract" that profiles one
significant natural area. The output that you have received is
organized as follows:
First, the name of the site is.given (without a field identifier).
This name is standardized for use in other databases also.
COUNTY: Name of County
QUAD: USGS topographic quad map(s) on which the site occurs.
OWNER TYPE: The following codes are used to indicate the owner(s)
of the natural areas:
Federal
Agencies
COE
- Corps of Engineers
DOD
- Department of Defense
FWS-
- Fish and Wildlife Service
NPS
- National Park Service
TVA
- Tennessee Valley Authority
USFS
- U.S. Forest Service
State Agencies
NCDA - Department of Agriculture
NCCUL - Department of Cultural Resources
NCDC - Department of Correction
NDCOT - Department of Transportation
NCHR - Department of Human Resources
NCWRC - Wildlife Resources Commission
NCDEHNR - Department of Environment, Health and Natural
Resources
NCSP - Division of Parks and Recreation
NCSF - Division of Forest Resources
NCCM - Division of Coastal Management
NCMF - Division of Marine Resources
Local Agencies
LOCAL - Unit of Local Government
I

Universities
and Colleges
ASU -
Appalachian State University
CHC -
Chowan College
DUKE -
Duke University
ECU -
East Carolina University
ECSU -
Elizabeth City State University
UNCA -
University of North Carolina at
Asheville
UNCC -
University of North Carolina at
Charlotte
UNCCH -
University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill
UNCW -
University of North Carolina at
Wilmington
NCSU -
North Carolina State University
WCU -
Western Carolina University
Private
PRV
- Private
AUD
- National Audubon Society
FEL
- Felburn Foundation
HBF
- Highlands Biological Foundation
NCBG
- NC Botanical Garden Foundation
NCCF
- NC Coastal Federation
NCFF
- NC Forestry Foundation
NSL
- National Scout Lands (Boy or Girl Scouts)
SAHC
- Southern Appalachian Highlands Conservancy
TLC
- Triangle Land Conservancy
TNC
- The Nature Conservancy
SPECIAL STATUS: The following codes are used to indicate any
special protection of conservation status:
RHA - Registered Natural Heritage Area
DNP - Dedicated Nature Preserve
ESN - Estuarine Sanctuary
EWA - Established National Wilderness Area
MAB UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Reserve
RNA - Federal Research Natural Area
SAF - Society of American Foresters Registered Area
WSR - National Wild and Scenic River
DIRECTIONS: A concise description of location of the site and how
to access it (unless it is felt that the natural values of the site
are so sensitive that location should be kept confidential).
SITE DESCRIPTION: A brief description of the significant features
of the site, including names of rare or endangered species and
their state and/or federal status.
SIGNIFICANCE RANK: Whether the Natural Heritage Program considers
the site to be of significance on a national (A), state (B), or
regional (i.e., within the state) (C) scale.
SIZE: Approximate number of acres (rounded to whole numbers).
SIGNIFICANCE COMMENTS: Additional comments elaborating on why the
area was included in the database in the first place; its reasons
for significance.

ALLIGATOR RIVER SWAMP FOREST
COUNTY: DARE
QUAD: ENGELHARD NW
HYDE
FAIRFIELD NE
BUFFALO CITY
OWNER TYPE:
DOD
SPECIAL STATUS: RHA ,
FWS
PRV
DIRECTIONS:
SWAMP FORESTS ALONG ALLIGATOR RIVER AND TRIBUTARY
STREAMS IN
SW DARE PENINSULA WITH CONTIGUOUS TRACES IN
HYDE CO.
SITE DESCRIPTION: BEST
REMAINING NON -ALLUVIAL (PALUSTRINE) SWAMP
FORESTS IN
NC. BALD CYPRESS, GUM, ATLANTIC WHITE
CEDAR DOMINATE. WILDLIFE INCLUDES BLACK BEAR AND
NORTHERNMOST ALLIGATOR POPULATIONS. SWAMP FOREST
PRINCIPALLY IN ALLIGATOR RIVER NATIONAL WILDLIFE'
SIGNIFICANCE
REFUGE AND
RANK: A
DARE BOMBING RANGE.
SIZE: 22300.00
SIGNIFICANCE
COMMENTS:
EXEMPLARY NATURAL COMMUNITIES,
SPECIAL WILDLIFE HABITAT
------------------------------------------------------------------
ALLIGATOR RIVER WETLANDS MEGASITE
COUNTY: DARE QUAD:
HYDE
OWNER TYPE: SPECIAL STATUS:
DIRECTIONS:
SITE DESCRIPTION:
SIGNIFICANCE RANK: A SIZE:
SIGNIFICANCE COMMENTS:
------------------------------------------------------------------
ALLIGATOR RIVER -SWAN LAKE SWAMP FOREST
COUNTY: HYDE QUAD: ENGELHARD WEST
ENGELHARD EAST
OWNER TYPE: PRV SPECIAL STATUS:
TNC
DIRECTIONS: ALONG S SIDE OF ALLIGATOR RIVER BETWEEN THE
INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY ON THE W AND SWAN LAKE ON THE E
SITE DESCRIPTION: PALUSTRINE (NON-RIVERINE) SWAMP FOREST
CONTINUOUS FROM DARE SWAMP FOREST AND ALONG SOUTH SIDE
ALLIGATOR RIVER. FOREST CANOPY DOMINATED BY BALD
CYPRESS, SWAMP BLACKGUM, ATLANTIC,WHITE CEDAR,
LOBLOLLY PINE. SOME POND'PINE. BLACKWATER LAKE. TNC
ACQUIRED 6000 ACRES (MINUS WHITE CEDAR TIMBER RIGHTS)
IN 1985.
SIGNIFICANCE RANK: A SIZE: 16300.00
SIGNIFICANCE COMMENTS: EXEMPLARY NATURAL COMMUNITIES,
SPECIAL WILDLIFE HABITAT

AVENUE FARM
COUNTY: HYDE QUAD: MIDDLETOWN
OWNER TYPE: PRV SPECIAL STATUS:
DIRECTIONS:
SITE DESCRIPTION:
SIGNIFICANCE RANK: C SIZE:
SIGNIFICANCE COMMENTS: RARE PLANT SPECIES.
------------------------------------------------------------------
CYPRESS PARK
COUNTY: HYDE
QUAD: ENGELHARD WEST
ENGELHARD EAST
OWNER TYPE:
SPECIAL STATUS:
DIRECTIONS:
IN NE HYDE CO. ABOUT 4.3 AIR -MILES N OF ENGELHARD
SITE DESCRIPTION: SURVIVING STAND OF MASSIVE, OLD -GROWTH BALD
CYPRESS ILLUSTRATES ORIGINAL PRE -SETTLEMENT PALUSTRINE
SWAMP FOREST WETLANDS IN ALLIGATOR RIVER CORRIDOR.
BLOCK OF CLIMAX BALD CYPRESS SURROUNDED BY AGRICUL-
TURAL LANDS AND THREATENED BY LOWERED WATER TABLE FROM
DRAINAGE CANALS. CYPRESS UP TO 90 FT. TALL AND 53 IN.
DBH.
SIGNIFICANCE RANK: D SIZE: 300.00
SIGNIFICANCE
COMMENTS: NATURAL COMMUNITY
------------------------------------------------------------------
GULL ROCK GAME LAND NATURAL AREA
COUNTY: HYDE
QUAD: NEW HOLLAND
BLUFF POINT
MIDDLETOWN
OWNER TYPE:
WRC SPECIAL STATUS:
DIRECTIONS:
IN SOUTHERN PART OF COUNTY BETWEEN NEW HOLLAND &
PAMLICO SOUND; SO. OF LAKE MATTAMUSKEET & EAST OF
SWANQUARTER REFUGE.
SITE DESCRIPTION: SERIES OF HIGH QUALITY WETLAND HABITATS SITUATED
IN CONTIGUOUS CORRIDOR FROM THE PAMLICO SOUND NEAR
SWANQUARTER TO MATTAMUSKEET LAKE. COMBINES BRACKISH
MARSH, LOW -HIGH -POND PINE POCOSINS, AND SWEETGUM-MIXED
HARDWOOD FLATS. CRITICAL HABITAT FOR COASTAL WILDLIFE
INCL. BLACK BEAR, ALLIGATOR, 63 BREEDING BIRD
SPECIES.
SIGNIFICANCE
RANK: B SIZE: 10575.00
SIGNIFICANCE
COMMENTS: EXEMPLARY NATURAL COMMUNITIES,
SPECIAL WILDLIFE HABITAT
1
j

1
QUAD: ENGELHARD WEST
NEW LAKE SE
FAIRFIELD
NEW HOLLAND
OWNER TYPE: FWS SPECIAL STATUS: RHA
DIRECTIONS: ACCESS VIA NC 94, US 264
SITE DESCRIPTION: LARGEST LAKE IN NORTH CAROLINA. OVER 100,000
CANADA GEESE, SNOW GEESE, WHISTLING SWANS, AND DUCKS
OVERWINTER ON THE LAKE. LARGE POPULATION OF BREEDING
OSPREY. OCCASIONAL BALD AND GOLDEN EAGLES. MATURE
LOBLOLLY PINE COMMUNITY ON THE SW CORNER OF LAKE.
LAKE SURROUNDED BY 3,000 ACRES WOODLANDS & 6,500 ACRES
MARSH.
SIGNIFICANCE RANK: A SIZE: 50177.00
SIGNIFICANCE COMMENTS: SPECIAL WILDLIFE HABITAT, ENDANGERED
' SPECIES (EAGLES), GEOMORPHIC LANDFORM,
NATURAL COMMUNITIES
LAKE MATTAMUSKEET NATURAL AREAS
COUNTY: HYDE
------------------------------------------------------------------
NEW LAKE FORK
POCOSIN QUAD: NEW LAKE SE
COUNTY: HYDE
SPECIAL STATUS:
OWNER TYPE:
PRV
FWS
DIRECTIONS:
SR 1303 N CA. 4 MI N OF SR 1302 JCT; IN SHARP BEND TO
EAST, TAKE UNMARKED PRIV. DIRT RD ON RT (SE); 1 MI
DOWN ROAD.
SITE DESCRIPTION: TRACT OF VARIOUS POCOSIN HABITATS SOUTH OF
ALLIGATOR (NEW) LAKE, BOUNDED BY NEW LAKE FORK OF
ALLIGATOR RIVER & WATERWAY. MOSTLY BURNED OVER IN
1982. HIGH POCOSIN VEGETATION. WITH SOME POND PINE
WOODLANDS. CONTIGUOUS WITH OTHER POCOSIN & SWAMP
FOREST WETLANDS IN ALLIGATOR RIVER DRAINAGE CORRIDOR.
SIGNIFICANCE
RANK: C SIZE: 9300.00
SIGNIFICANCE
COMMENTS: NATURAL COMMUNITIES
------------------------------------------------------------------
PUNGO LAKE AREA
COUNTY: WASHINGTON QUAD: PUNGO LAKE
HYDE
OWNER TYPE:
FWS SPECIAL STATUS: RHA
RNA
DIRECTIONS:
5 MILES SOUTH OF PLYMOUTH ON NC 32, THEN NC 99 FOR
12 MI. AROUND PUNGO LAKE. FORMER PUNGO NATIONAL
WILDLIFE REFUGE.
SITE DESCRIPTION: LAKE BORDERED ON NORTHERN SHORE BY TRACT OF
MATURE SWAMP TUPELO FOREST, AND ON EASTERN SHORE BY
REMNANT POCOSIN SHRUB ASSOCIATION. LARGE WINTERING
POPULATION OF WATERFOWL. PUNGO LAKE IS 2800 ACRES IN
SIZE.
SIGNIFICANCE
RANK: B SIZE: 12350.00
SIGNIFICANCE
COMMENTS: NATURAL COMMUNITIES, GEOMORPHIC FEATURE,
WILDLIFE HABITAT

ROPER ISLAND
COUNTY: HYDE
QUAD: FAIRFIELD
FAIRFIELD NW
OWNER TYPE:
PRV SPECIAL STATUS:
DIRECTIONS:
ALONG ALLIGATOR RIVER IN NORTHERN HYDE CO.; FORMED BY
INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY ON S AND RIVER ON N, E, & W.
SITE DESCRIPTION: SEVERAL DISTINCT COMMUNITIES PRESENT: BRACKISH
MARSH ON SW END IF DOMINATED BY NARROW -LEAVED CATTAIL
& STANDING DEAD BALD CYPRESS; SWAMP FOREST ON N END
MADE UP OF BALD CYPRESS, RED MAPLE, LOBLOLLY PINE &
ATLANTIC WHITE CEDAR (NOW BEING TIMBERED?); AN OPEN
POND PINE FOREST OVER BAY TREES & EVERGREEN SHRUBS.
SIGNIFICANCE
RANK: C SIZE: 9500.00
SIGNIFICANCE
COMMENTS: NATURAL COMMUNITIES
------------------------------------------------------------------
SCRANTON HARDWOOD FOREST
r
COUNTY: HYDE
QUAD: SCRANTON
OWNER TYPE:
PONZER
PRV SPECIAL STATUS:
DIRECTIONS:
ACCESS ALONG US 264 WHICH FORMS W BOUNDARY OF NATURAL
AREA.
SITE DESCRIPTION: LARGEST, BEST TRACE OF NON-RIVERINE, HYDRIC
HARDWOOD FOREST REMAINING IN NC COASTAL PLAIN. ONCE
ONE OF PREDOMINANT FOREST COVERS, NOW MOSTLY REMOVED.
A 1720 ACRE CORE OF HIGHEST QUALITY, MATURE HARDWOOD
FLATS, CO -DOMINANTS CHERRYBARK, LAUREL, SWAMP CHESTNUT
OAKS, WITH POPLAR, MAPLE, ASH, GUMS, HICKORIES,
SIGNIFICANCE
BEECH.
RANK: A SIZE: 6000.00
SIGNIFICANCE
COMMENTS: EXEMPLARY NATURAL COMMUNITIES
------------------------------------------------------------------
SWANQUARTER REFUGE NATURAL AREAS
COUNTY: HYDE
QUAD: SWANQUARTER
GREAT ISLAND
BLUFF POINT
NEW HOLLAND
OWNER TYPE:
FWS SPECIAL STATUS: RHA
EWA
DIRECTIONS:
SOUTH OF SWANQUARTER ON PAMLICO SOUND.
SITE DESCRIPTION: EXEMPLARY NEEDLERUSH MARSH & BRACKISH WATER
ECOSYSTEMS; LOW MARSH IS NEEDLERUSH WITH CORDGRASS &
SALTGRASS. LARGE TRACE E OF JUNIPER BAY CONTAINS
OLD -GROWTH CYPRESS WITH A LARGE GREAT BLUE HERON
ROOKERY. WINTERING HABITAT FOR TENS OF THOUSANDS OF
DUCKS AND WATERFOWL, AS WELL AS RAPTORS. ALLIGATORS
SIGNIFICANCE
PRESENT.
RANK: B SIZE: 15500.00 ..
SIGNIFICANCE
COMMENTS: EXEMPLARY NATURAL COMMUNITIES,
SPECIAL WILDLIFE HABITAT

UPPER ALLIGATOR RIVER MARSH
COUNTY: TYRRELL QUAD: FAIRFIELD
HYDE FAIRFIELD NW
OWNER TYPE: PRV SPECIAL STATUS:
FWS
DIRECTIONS: ALONG ALLIGATOR RIVER WHERE NC 94 CROSSES RIVER AT
TYRRELL-HYDE COUNTY BORDER EASTWARD ALONG THE RIVER.
SITE DESCRIPTION: STRETCH OF FRESH WATER MARSH ALONG RIVER
DOMINATED BY HIGH DENSITY OF BLUE CAT -TAIL, WITH
SCATTERED RED CEDARS. BEST EXAMPLE OF UNDISTURBED
FRESHWATER MARSH IN COUNTY. EXCELLENT HABITAT FOR
BREEDING LEAST BITTERNS, KING RAILS AND OTHER MARSH
BIRDS.
SIGNIFICANCE RANK: C SIZE: 971.00
SIGNIFICANCE COMMENTS: NATURAL COMMUNITIES,
WILDLIFE HABITAT
------------------------------------------------------------------
WYSOCKING BAY MARSH AND POCOSIN
COUNTY: HYDE QUAD: MIDDLETOWN
OWNER TYPE: PRV SPECIAL STATUS:
WRC
DIRECTIONS: 2.0 MI. S OF GULLROCK ALONG WESTERN SHORE OF WYSOCKING
BAY (ACCESS ONLY BY BOAT FROM WYSOCKING BAY).
SITE DESCRIPTION: EXCELLENT EXAMPLE OF COASTAL MARSH
ZONATION. SHARP TRANSITION FROM NEEDLERUSH MARSH TO
OSMUNDA BOG TO SHRUB POCOSIN OCCURRING WITHIN 400
YDS.
SIGNIFICANCE RANK: C SIZE: 3000.00
SIGNIFICANCE COMMENTS: NATURAL COMMUNITIES
1
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1

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1
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1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART II: OCRACOKE
SECTION I: ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
A. Establishment of Information Base
B. Demographics and Housing
1. Ocracoke Island Permanent Population
a) Population Growth
b) Composition by Age
c) Composition by Race and Sex
2. Ocracoke Village Housing Characteristics
a) Number and Type of Housing Units
b) Tenure and Condition of Year -Round Housing Units
3. Ocracoke Island Seasonal Population
C. Economy
D. Existing Land Use Summary
1. Land Compatibility
2. Problems from Unplanned Development
3. Areas Likely to Experience Change in Predominant
Land Use
4. Summary
E. Development Constraints: Land Suitability
Page
I-1
I-1
I-10
I-14
I-15
I-15
I-16
I-17
I-18
1.
Topography/Geology
I-18
2.
Flood Hazard Areas
I-18
3.
Soils Conditions
I-19
4.
Manmade Hazards/Restrictions
I-21
5.
Fragile Areas
I-23
a) Coastal Wetlands
I-23
b) Estuarine Shorelines
I-24
c) Estuarine Waters
I-24
d) Public Trust Areas
I-24
e) 404 Wetlands
I-25
f) Historic and Archaeological Sites
I-26
g) Maritime Forests
I-26
h) Other Fragile Areas
I-27
6.
Areas of Resource Potential
I-27
a) Public Parks
I-27
b) Marine Resources
I-27
c) Agricultural and Forest Lands
I-27
1

Page
F. Development Constraints: Public Facilities I-28
1.
Water Supply
I-28
2.
Sewer
I-29
3.
Solid Waste Disposal
I-29
4.
5.
Schools
Transportation
I-30
I-30
6.
Police
I-32
7.
Fire
I-33
8.
Medical and Emergency Services
I-33
9.
Electric Power
I-33
10.
Recreation
1-34
11.
Administration
I-34
G. Current Plans, Studies and Regulations
I-35
1.
Ocracoke Development Ordinance
I-35
2.
Building Code
I-35
3.
Floodplain Regulations
I-35
4.
Hyde County Transportation Development Plan
I-35
5.
Hyde County, Engelhard, Swan Quarter and Ocracoke
I-35
Shoreline Economic Developmetn Study
6.
1986 Hyde County CAMA Land Use Plan
I-35
H. Effectiveness of the 1986 Hyde County CAMA
I-36
Land Use Plan
SECTION II: PROJECTED LAND DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
A. Projected Population Growth and Residential Development II-1
1. General Discussion II-1
2. Year -Round Population Projections II-1
3. Seasonal Population II-2
4. Projected Housing Characteristics II-3
B. Projected Economic Development Trends and Related Land II-4
Use Issues
C. Public Facilities Development Needs and Land Use Issues II-5
1.
Water Supply
II-5
2.
Wastewater Treatment and Disposal
II-6
3.
Storm Drainage
II-6
4.
Transportation
II-6
5.
Solid Waste Disposal
II-7
6.
Educational Facilities
II-7
7.
8.
Parks and Recreation
Other County Facilities
II-8
II-8
D. Redevelopment Issues
1

1
1
1
1
1
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i
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SECTION III: RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES
AND LAND CLASSIFICATIONS
A. Developed Class
B. Conservation Class
C. Summary
SECTION IV: POLICY STATEMENTS
A. Introduction to Policy Statements
B. Resource Protection Policy Statements
C. Resource Production and Management Policies
D. Economic and Community Development.
E. Continuing Public Participation Policies
SECTION V: LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
Developed
Conservation
APPENDIX I: North Carolina Coastal Federation
Hyde County Land Use Plan Update: Ocracoke
Policy Statements
APPENDIX II: Executive Order Number 15
Page
IV-1
IV-3
IV-14
IV-16
IV-21
V-1
V-1

I
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table
1:
Total Year -Round Population and Percent
I-1
Change by Ocracoke Island and Mainland Areas -
Hyde County, 1970-1990
Table
2:
Total Population by Age and Percent Change
I-2
Ocracoke, 1980 and 1990 Estimates
Table
3:
Percentages of Total Population by Age Group,
I-3
Ocracoke Island, 1980 and 1990
Table
4:
Male and Female Population by Age Group
I-4
Ocracoke Village, 1980
Table
5:
Total Housing Units and Percent Change
I-4
Ocracoke Village, 1970-91
Table
6:
Number and Percent Change of Year -Round and
I-5
Seasonal Private Housing Units - Ocracoke -
1980, 1990, 1991
Table
7:
Tenure of Year -Round Housing Units
I-6
Ocracoke Village, 1980 and 1990
Table
8:
Housing Conditions— Ocracoke, 1980
I-7
Table
9:
1991 Ocracoke Dwelling Units, Structural
I-7
Conditions
Table
10:
Relationship of Seasonal Permanent Population
I-9
Ocracoke, 1990
Table
11:
Employment to Industry Sector
I-10
Ocracoke, 1980
Table
12:
Commercial Establishments in Ocracoke
I-11
Table
13:
Class of Worker - Ocracoke, 1980
I-12
Table
14:
Median Household, Median Family, and Per Capita
I-12
Incomes - Ocracoke, Hyde County, and North
Carolina, 1979
Table
15:
Degree and Kind of Limitation for Stated Use
I-21
Table
16:
Ocracoke Sanitary District - Consumed Gallons
I-28
Increase/Decrease, July 1977-1990
Table
17:
Ocracoke Island Ferry Passengers
I-30
Table
18:
1990 Ferry Usage
I-31

Page
Table 19:
Total Year -Round Population, with Projection
II-1
Through 2001 -- Ocracoke, 1960-2001
Table 20:
Relationship of Seasonal Permanent Population
II-3
Ocracoke Island, 1990-2001
Table 21:
Number and Percnetage Increase of Year-round
II-3
and Seasonal Private Housing Units
Ocracoke Island, 1990-2001
Table 22:
Estimated Employment by Industry Sector
II-4
Ocracoke, 1990-2000
Table 23:
Percent of Structures Subject to Storm
IV-26
Damage Factors, Hyde County*
N"s
Map
1:
Ocracoke
Island -
Existing Land Use and Structural
Conditions
Map
2:
Ocracoke
Island -
Soils Map
Map
3:
Ocracoke
Island -
Areas of Environmental Concern
Map
4:
Ocracoke
Island -
Land Classification Map
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
SECTION I
I ocRAcoxE isLArm
ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIOINS
I
1

I
I
u
r
L_
A. ESTABLISHMENT OF INFORMATION BASE
The information base for this plan is consistent for both the
Mainland and Ocracoke sections. Therefore, please refer to the
Hyde County Mainland section for discussion of the information
base.
B. DEMOGRAPHICS AND HOUSING
1. Ocracoke Island Permanent Population
a) Population Growth
The population of Ocracoke Island is concentrated in
Ocracoke Village (775 acres), which is located on the soundside
of the widest and southernmost part of the island. The island
comprises 5,575 acres in all, and except for the village, is part
of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore Recreation Area. The
Village has been steadily increasing its population since the
1950s when the island became reasonably accessible via the state -
supported ferry system.
The island's population has increased 31.8% from 1970 to
1990. Most of this growth occurred during the 1970s when the
population grew 21.6% from 541 to 658 persons. The 1990 U. S.
Census count places the island's population at 713 persons, or
8.4% higher than the 1980 Census count. This trend compares to a
population decline on the Hyde County mainland, as shown in
Table 1.
Table 1: Total Year -Round Population Change and Percent Change
By Ocracoke Island and Mainland Areas - Hyde County, 1970-1990
Area
Population Percent Change
Overall
1970 1980 1990 1970-80 1980-90 1970-90
Ocracoke Island 541 658 713 21.6 8.4 31.8
Mainland 5,030 5,215 4,698 3.7 -9.9 -6.6
Hyde County Total 5,571 5,873 5,411 5.4 -7.9 -2.9
Source: U. S. Census Bureau (1970, 1980 and 1990)
1 b) Composition By Age
1
Detailed 1990 Census data for Ocracoke was not available
at the time of this writing. The 1980 Census data is presented
here and the 1990 estimates are made based upon the 1980 data.
The 1980 Census showed Ocracoke's population at 658 persons;
however, detailed data was recorded for only 650 persons. These
data are presented in Table 2 below.
I-1

Table
2: Total Population by Age
and Percent Change
Ocracoke, 1980
and 1990
Estimates
Acme
Population by
Age Group
Percent Change
1980
1990 (11
1180-190
0-4
25
38
52.0
5-18
70
73
4.3
19-34
227
148
-34.8
35-44
57
155
171.9
45-54
35
65
85.7
55-64
170
38
-77.6
65-74
55
158
287.3
75 & up
11
38
345.5
,
Total
650
713
9.7
Source:
U.S. Census (1980
& 1990); N. C. State Data Center;
,
Holland Consulting
Planners,
Inc.
(1] Estimates based upon 1990 Census total for village, the
natural aging process of existing 1980 population, and
approximations of Hyde County birth and death rates. The
difference was attributed to in -migration and was dis-
persed evenly to each of the eight age groups.
The largest age group in Ocracoke in 1980 was the 19-34
age group which comprised 34'.9% of the total population. The
second largest age group was the 55-64 age group which represented
26.2%, followed by the 5-18 age group with 10.8% of the village's
total population. The village's mean age was estimated to be 39.5
years in 1980 compared to 30.1 years in Hyde County as a whole.
The 1990 age group estimates in Table 2 are based upon the
1990 Census total for the village, and by "aging" the existing
1980 population ten years. Also included in this table are
approximations of Hyde County's-birth and death rates. The dif-
ference between the 1990 Census count and the aging, birth and
death calculations was attributed to in -migration. The in -
migrating population was assumed to be evenly dispersed among the
eight age groups in Table 2.
Based upon these estimates of the 1990 population, shifts
can be evaluated. A definite aging pattern is apparent among the
village's population. Notable increases were displayed by the age
groups of 35-44, 65-74, and 75 and up. This reflects an
increasing retirement aged population and little in -migration of
younger age groups. There were. also sizable increases in the
45-54 and 0-4 age groups. Contrary to this pattern, there are
large declines in
the 19-34 and
55-64
age groups.
I
The aging
process of the
last
decade is apparent in
Table 3 which shows the village's age composition. I
I-2 1

I
t
[I
Table 3: Percentages of Total Population by Age Group
Ocracoke Island, 1980 and 1990
Percent of
Age Group Total Population
1980 1990 (11
Preschool and School
Age Population (0-18) 14.6 15.6
Younger Working
Population (19-44) 43.7 42.5
Older Working
Population (44-64) 31.5 14.4
Elderly Population
(65 and up) 10.2 27.5
Net Change
'80-'90
1.0
-1.2
-17.1
17.3
Source: U.S. Census (1980 & 1990); N. C. State Data Center;
Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
(1) Estimates based upon 1990 Census total for village, the
natural aging process of existing 1980 population, and
approximations of Hyde County birth and death rates. The
difference was attributed to in -migration and was dispersed
evenly to each of the eight age groups.
The minor increase in the preschool and school age group,
coupled with a minor decrease in the younger working age group
(adults in their childbearing years), should result in a rela-
tively stable demand for school classrooms due to stable school
enrollments. Conversely, the continuation of the sizable
increasing trend in the 65 and up age group could result in a need
to expand the size and/or staff of the Ocracoke Health Center.
c) Composition by Race and Sex
With the exception of four black residents, the population
of Ocracoke Village in 1980 was white, and there were no persons
of Spanish origin. The same racial composition existed in 1990.
The 1980 Census showed that a relatively high percentage
of Ocracoke Village's population was male. Males comprised 53.2%
of the village's population versus a national breakdown of 49.8%
male. Males outnumbered females 346 to 304. A breakdown of the
1980 population by age and sex is presented in Table 4.
1 I-3

Table 4: Male and Female Population by Age Group
,
Ocracoke Village, 1980
Female Percentage
Age Male Female Total Total Population
0-4 10 15 25 60.0
5-18 29 41 70 58.6
19-34 133 94 227 41.4
35-44 30 27 57 47.4
4554 14 21 35 60.0
55-64 85 85 170 50.0
65 74 45 10 55 18.2
75 & up 0 11 11 100.0
Total 346 304 650 46.8
Source: 1980 U. S. Census Bureau
The ratio of males to females should move toward the
national average as the population increases.
'
2. Ocracoke Village Housing Characteristics
a) Number and Type of Housing Units
The number of housing units on Ocracoke Island increased
from 305 in 1970 to 471 in 1980, for an increase of 54.4%. This
trend continued through the 1990 Census count when 604 housing
units were recorded, for an increase of 28.2%, or 2.8% annually.
A complete field survey was conducted in March of 1991
which placed the total number of housing units at 729 units.
(This figure included approximately 16 units that were under con-
struction but near completion.) This increase of 54.8% since the
1980 Census represents an annual growth rate of 5.5% over the
11-year period. This data is shown in Table 5.
'
Table 5: Total Housing Units and Percent Change
Ocracoke Village, 1970-91
Total Percentage
,
Year Housing Units Change
1970 305 --
1980 471 54.4%
1990 604 28.2%
1991 729* 54.8% (11
Source: U.S. Census Bureau (1970, 1980 & 1990)
*Holland Consulting Planners, Inc., 1991 Field Survey
[11 Change since 1980; change since 1990 Census was 20.7%. It is
'
believed that the 1990 Census count of 604 dwelling units was
low. There was not an actual increase of 125 dwelling units
from 1990 to 1991.
I-4 1

The 1980 housing total of 471 units was comprised of 264
units classified as year-round and 207 units classified as season-
al (which includes vacant units that are held for occasional use).
These figures indicate that 43.9% of the total housing units in
1980 on Ocracoke Island were for seasonal use. This percentage
has changed considerably since 1980 (see Table 6).
Table 6: Number and Percentage Change of Year -Round
and Seasonal Private Housing Units
Ocracoke - 1980, 1990, 1991
Number of Units (1] Percentage Change
Type of Unit 1980 1990 1991 180-190 180-191
Year -Round 264 307 307 16.3% 16.3%
Seasonal 207 297 .422 43.5% 103.9%
Total 471 604 729 28.2% 54.8%
Source: U. S. Census Bureau;
■
Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Ill "Housing Units" is an enumeration of all individual units
within multi -family developments as well as single-family
residential structures.
(2]'"Seasonal Units" includes units defined as "vacant - held
for occasional use" as well as units strictly defined as
"seasonal" by the Bureau of the Census.
Estimates can be made to allocate the population to year-
round housing units with reasonable accuracy. The 1990 Census
counted the village's population at 713 persons. It was assumed
that the average number of persons per household in 1990 was
slightly lower than it was in 1980 (2.6 persons per housing unit).
Dividing the 713 persons in Ocracoke in 1990 by an estimated 2.6
persons"per housing unit unit results in 274 occupied year-round
housing units. Adding vacant year-round units (assumed to be the
1980 percentage of 11.7% of total year-round units) results in a
total of 307 year-round units. -The difference between the 307
year-round units and the 604 total units is the 297 total 1990
seasonal units. These figures indicate that the percentage of
seasonal units has risen to 49.2% of all units and that some of
1980s.year-round units were either demolished or converted to
seasonal use.
The 1991 land use survey and housing count tallied 729
total housing units which included 16 units under construction but
near completion, several "shed size" accessory apartments separate
from a main housing structure, and several recreational "fishing
shacks" which appeared to have few or no utilities available.
The 1991 housing count resulting from the field survey indicates
an increase of 20.7% over the 1990 Census count and 54.8% since
the 1980 Census count (5.5% annually for 11 years).
1 I-5

Again, only estimates can be made to allocate the popula-
tion to year-round housing units and seasonal units. With the
higher 1991 survey count of 729 units, this would mean 422 season-
al units and 307 year-round units. Based on field counts, these '
figures indicate that 57.9% of Ocracoke's 1991 housing units were
seasonal.
The 1980 Census showed that 75 of the 471 housing units
(for which details were recorded) were mobile homes. The 1991
field survey counted 109 mobile homes. Comparatively, mobile ,
homes comprised 15.9% and 15.0%, respectively, of the total 1980
and 1991 housing units. Of the 75 mobile homes in Ocracoke in
1980, 43 were year-round units and 32 were seasonal. No such
breakdown is available from the 1990 Census or the 1991 field I
survey.
b) Tenure and Condition of Year -Round Housing Units
Detailed data is not available from the 1990 Census
concerning housing stock conditions and tenure; however, some
detailed data is available from the 1980 Census and from the 1991
'
field survey. The data in Table 7 show the tenure status of
housing units in Ocracoke since 1980.
Table 7: Tenure of Year -Round Housing Units
Ocracoke Village, 1980 and 1990
1980 1990
Total Year -Round
Housing Units 282 307
Vacant Units 52 33 [1]
Occupied Units 230 274 [1]
Renter -Occupied 43 N/A
Owner -Occupied 187 N/A
Sources: U. S. Census Bureau;
Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
[1] 1990 data based on 1980 occupancy rates
N/A Data will not be available until the 1991 final Census
results are available.
■
The most recent detailed information about housing condi-
tions in Ocracoke is found in the 1980 U. S. Census data. The
following table summarizes the condition and age of housing in
i
Ocracoke in 1980.
I-6 1

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Table 8: Housing Conditions - Ocracoke, 1980
Housing Characteristics
Total Year -Round Housing Units (1]
Type of Unit
Frame Built
Mobile Homes
Age of Units
0-1 yr.
1-5 yrs.
5-10 yrs.
10-20 yrs.
20-30 yrs.
> 30 yrs.
Units Lacking Complete Plumbing
Units with No Well or Public Water
Units with No Public Sewer or
Septic Tank
Number
282
239
43
0
73
52
39
42
76
16
4
4
% of Total
100.0%
84.8%
15.2%
0%
25.9%
18.4%
13.8%
14.9%
27.0
5.7%
1.4%
1.4%
Source: U. S. Census Bureau.
(1] Includes all year-round units, as well as units defined as
"vacant - held for occasional use" by the U. S. Census Bureau
that have been enumerated as "seasonal" in previous discus-
sions. Does not include units classified as strictly
"seasonal" by the U. S. Census Bureau.
The following table summarizes the structural conditions
of dwelling units as observed during the March, 1991, housing and
land use survey. It is emphasized that this analysis was not
precise and was based on "from -the -street" windshield surveys.
Table 9: 1991 Ocracoke Dwelling Units
Structural Conditions
Conventional
Structures
Standard/Major Need 579
Moderately Deteriorated 28
Severely Deteriorated 7
Dilapidated 6
Mobile
Homes
Total
101
680
5
33
0
7
3
9
620 109 729
% of
Total
93.3%
4.6%
0.9%
1.2%
100.0%
These conditions are indicated on Map 1, Existing Land Use
' and Structural Conditions. Only 6.7% of Ocracoke's total housing
stock appears to be substandard, and only 1% is completely
dilapidated.
1
I-7

NOTES:
1. UNLESS OTSERNISE SPECIFIED AS FOLLOMS, ALL ROAD RIGHTS -
OF -WAY IRE CONSIDERED TO BE 30 FEET (THIRTY FEET) iN
MIRTH:
— N. C. HIGHWAY 12 FROM INTERSECTION AT SILVER LAKE TO
TZFJU=S AT FERRY STATION, 26 FT.
— N. C. HIGHWAY 12 FROM INTERSECTION AT SILVER LAKE TO
INTERSECTION WITH S.R. 1324, 60 FT.
— N. C. HIGHWAY 12 FROM S.R. 1324 TO NATIONAL SEASHORE
BOUNDARY. 75 FT. ON THE NORTHERN SIDE OF THE HIGHWAY
CENTERLINE.
— N. C. HIGHWAY FROM S.R. 1324 TO S.R. 1333 ON THE
SOUTHERN SIDE OF THE HIGHWAY CDfMRLnM, 30 FT.
— N. C. HIGHWAY 12 FROM S.R. 1333 TO NATIONAL SEASHORE 2.
BOUNDARY. 75 FT. ON THE SOUTH SIDE OF THE HIGHWAY
CENTERLINZ.
— JOHN GASXZNS DRIVE, 40 FT.
S.R. 1324, 40 FT. 3.
S.R. 1325, 40 FT.
S.R. 1328, 30 FT.
LEGEND
— THE PORTION OF S.R. 1341 KNOWN AS 0•NEILL DRIVE, '
40 FT.
THE PORTION OF S.R. 1341 KNOWN AS UPLAND TRENT DR.--VE.
60 FT.
THE PORTION OF S.R. 1341 KNOWN AS OLD NAVAL AMMUNITION
DUME ROAD, To END OF THE S.R. AT BUNKER SILL ROAD,
35 FT.
— S.A. 1343, FROM S.R. 1324 TO S.R. 1337, 40 FT.
— S.R. 1343, FROM S.R. 1337 TO S.A. 1358, 50 FT.
— S.R. 1349, 30 FT.
— S.R. 1350, 50 FT.
S.R. 1351, 38 FT.
— S.A. 1356, 60 FT.
— S.R. 1357, 40 FT.
— S.A. 1358, 40 FT.
THIS IS NOT A SURVEYED NAP. LOT LINES, RIGHTS -OF -WAY,
SHORELINES, LASES, CREEKS, CANALS, ETC., REPRESENT APPROX-
nQ= LOCATIONS BASED ON 1987 HYDE COUNTY TAX RECORDS.
THIS NAP CANNOT BE UTILIZED TO DETERIQNE EXACT LOT/PARCEL
DIIlENSIONS OR LOCATION.
ANY ROAD NOT DESIGNATED AS A STATE MAINTAINED ROAD (S.it ,
MAY NOT HAVE ESTABLISHED OR RECORDED PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-�ii.
RESIDENTIAL USE
CONVENTIONAL MOBILE HOME
• MINOR NON -NEED _
e MODEREATELY DETERIORATED
Q SEVERELY DETERIORATED
O DILAPIDATED
COMMERCIAL USE
MINOR NON -NEED ■
MODERATELY DETERIORATED F1
PUBLIC AND INSTITUTIONAL
VACANT 0
Shore Line
Creeks/Canals
Property Lines
Right -of -Nay Lines
Cape Hatterus National
Seashore Boundary
S.R.
N. C.
State Roan
North Carolina
1
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Fi,

MAWr
0 The preparation of this map was financed
ERTM NATIONA in part through a grant provided by the
PARK
Of'A
U S. COAST of AN RTATi SERVCE • e• ;�PGA�P' North Carolina Coastal Management
GLJAPD
NORTI•IERN POND --� Program, through funds provided by the
�/ ��� (�`•� ` l \'\ram--��.+ / , • • • �� • j L� '
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
as amended, which is administered by the
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource'
Management, National Oceanic and
0 0Atmospheric Administration,
i �'� .� fi •. • , tr OC13•
QUO �/' • �i [[ • • • • • '• __ `i� tP
SSG s ■ r3 ■ • • • `:) O
P 'f +t ■ ■ e • • rt
Zwa
OCRACOKE ISLAND
��� /�' • • • e fI�_ � SILVER LAKE t V << • ♦ ■ • � � � • • � • f ;;e , `;`).
EXISTING LAND USE AND , • / z ,s f .)
STRUCTURAL CONDITIONS • `;. ;' ■ • • • • • • ' . T . ,; • • • • _it
' .+ � tt +3 • • • � 9 � tf • f S� • ' � y`
MAP 1SPPP'OIIN• • • �� t • `' ;� .
• • • • • 9 • • a' • • r; i• •• • •• s� _ • it r • „ SCALE: I" 200'
;i ; • • • • • • t • • e ■ • ° . i • • • e • ��' M + • ;�� • • 0 200 400 600 800
• 1
it . •, • • • • • • •. • _
•
• I • POOINPT N
O r, :z`C ■, I • • 7f ,[ a +.
3
IDE
j r ' ■ • •I I • • q,• l fl d C' It
TIpN q4S �•
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21
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. 11 • • r • .b. r Ir f
tilt !, .. it � 1)`.:: • • �°! • � • 4
4+
CAPE HATTERAS NATIONAL SEASHORE
I-8

1 3. Ocracoke Island Seasonal Population
Based on the seasonal housing data presented -above, there are
between 297 and 422 seasonal housing units in Ocracoke. These
seasonal units average 4.5 persons each. This is supplemented by
approximately 240 motel units, 200 campground spaces, and 20
marina units. The motel units are assumed to have 3.5 persons per
unit, the campgrounds 3.0 persons per unit, and the marinas 3.25
persons per unit. These per -unit figures are derived from county-
wide averages established by East Carolina University in a report
entitled, "Characterization of Baseline Demographic Trends in the
Year -Round and Recreational Populations in the Albemarle -Pamlico
Estuarine Study Area." These figures produce a peak seasonal
population of 2,841 to 3,404 persons, depending upon which private
seasonal housing unit figure is used for the calculation -- the
297 units calculated from the 1990 Census housing total, or the
422 units calculated from the 1991 field survey. The higher of
these two figures (3,404) shall be used for peak seasonal popula-
tion for the remainder of this report.
The seasonal population fluctuations in Ocracoke create
problems for local planners and administrators. Public services
planning must be based on estimates of seasonal growth patterns.
The impact of the seasonal population in Ocracoke is depicted in
Table 10, which outlines the increasing percentage of seasonal
population in relation to permanent population in Ocracoke in
1990.
Table 10: Relationship of Seasonal Permanent Population
Ocracoke, 1990
% of Peak % of
Permanent Total Peak Seasonal Total Peak Total Peak Recreation
Year Population Population Population Population Population[l] Ratio[2]
1990 713 17.3% 3,404 82.7% 4,117 5.77%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
[1] "Total Peak Population" is the sum of permanent population and peak
seasonal population.
[2] "Recreation Ratio" is the ratio of peak population to permanent
'
population.
1
1 I-9

C. ECONOMY
The economy of Ocracoke is overwhelmingly dependent on tour-
ism, and to a lesser extent commercial fishing. Little specific
economic data is available for Ocracoke Village because it is not
an incorporated town. Most of the available data is for Hyde
County, but certain inferences can be drawn from the county data
and from observations made during the 1991 field survey.
There are no agricultural or manufacturing industries on the
island. Based upon 1980 Census data for the Ocracoke Township
(whose entire population resides in Ocracoke Village), the follow-
ing industrial breakdown for the village's 353 employed residents
is presented in Table 11.
Table 11: Employment by Industry Sector
Ocracoke, 1980
Occupation
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining
Construction
Manufacturing (all nondurable goods
i.e., food)
Transportation, communication,
other public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Public administration
TOTAL EMPLOYED
Source: U S. Census Bureau
*Error due to rounding.
Employment
39
39
20
27
10
53
10
122
33
353
Percentage
of Total
11.0 %
11.0%
5.7%
7.6%
2.8%
15.0%
2.8%
34.6%
9.3%
99.8%*
The statistical data included in Table 11 indicates the
importance of retail trade and services to the Ocracoke economy.
These segments of the economy are primarily supported by the
tourist industry. The 1986 Land Use Plan identified 42 commercial
establishments which existed on Ocracoke Island. By 1991, the
number had increased to 78. Table 12 provides a list of 1991
commercial establishments with those which opened since 1986 shown
in bold -face print.
I-10

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Table 12: Commercial Establishments in Ocracoke*
Eating Establishments
The Back Porch Restaurant
Captain Ben's Restaurant
Island Inn Dining Room
Pelican Restaurant
Pony Island Restaurant
Maria's Restaurant
Trolley Stop One
Howard's Pub
Cafe Atlantic Restaurant and Bar
Crab Shack
Jolly Roger
3/4 Time Dance Hall and Saloon
Stores
The Community Store
Ocracoke Hardware, Inc.
Ocracoke Variety Store
Tradewinds
Beachcomber Convenience Store
'
Albert Styron Store
Tourist Homes
Beach House B&B
Oscar's House, Bed & Breakfast
Crews Inn, Bed & Breakfast
Lightkeeper's Inn Bed & Breakfast
Ship's Timber Bed a Breakfast
The Berkley Center Country Inn
Eugenia' s ,.
Norma's Bed and Breakfast
Realtors
Sharon Miller Realty
Ocracoke Island Realty
Ocracoke L.T.D. Realty
Home Port Realty
Other Businesses
'
East Carolina Bank
Ocracoke Crab Company
Southpoint Fish and Crab
O'Neal's Dockside
'
Ocracoke Fishing Center
Sound Side Putt Putt
Hotels and Motels
The Anchorage Inn
Blackbeard's Lodge
Bluff Shoal Motel
The Boyette House
Edwards Motel
Harborside Motel
Island Inn
Lakeside Cottage Court
Pony Island Motel and Cottages
Sand Dollar Motel
Silver Lake Motel
Pirate's Quay
.Princess Suites
The Wagon Wheel Cottages
Silver Lake Inn
Specialty Shops
The Island Ragpicker
The Gathering Place
Harborside Gift Shop
Ocracoke Shell Shop and
Merchant Mariner
The Old Post Office Shop
Surf Shop
Pamlico Gift Shop
Village Craftsmen
Sally Newell Interiors
Doll and Gift Shop
Island T-Shirts
Nat's Fresh Seafood
Sunflower Studio/Gallery
Beaten Path
Christmas Shop
Cathy's Gifts and Frills
The Famous T-Shirt Store
Black Anchor Antiques
Owen's Vegetable Stand
Elanora's Shop
Slushee Stand
Fudge Shop
Hole in the Wall
Ride the Wind
Beach Outfitter
Ocracoke Outdoors
Ocracoke Dive Shop
Jiminy' s Garage
Museum
& B.W.'s
off the
Ocracoke Museum Gift Shop
Ocracoke L.T.D. Clothing
*Bold face print indicates businesses opened since 1986.

As noted in this table, the largest industrial sector is the
service sector followed by retail trade. These two sectors
account for nearly half (49.6%) of the total employed labor force
in 1980, and are expected to do likewise in 1990. An examination
of the class of worker in 1980 is shown in Table 12.
Table 13: Class of Worker - Ocracoke, 1980
Percentage
Class of Worker
Number
of Total
Private Wage and Salary
158
44.8%
Government
105
29.7%
Federal
12
3.4%
State
74
21.0%
Local
19
5.4%
Self -Employed
76
21.5%
Unpaid Family Worker
14
4.0%
TOTAL
353
100.0%
Source: U. S. Census Bureau
As noted above, almost one-third (29.7%) of the'353 employed
Ocracoke residents in 1980 were government workers. This govern-
ment sector employment adds some stability to the economy which is
generally very seasonal in nature due to its reliance on tourism.
This seasonal nature of the economy is reflected in the fact that
many of the commercial establishments are closed during the
off-season.
Secondary employment is extremely important to the Ocracoke
residents. The majority of the local population maintains two or
more sources of income. Those sources include commercial fishing,
tourist service activities, cottage industries including crafts
and nondurable goods such as hammocks and nets, and construction
work. Multiple sources of income will continue to be essential to
a strong Ocracoke economy.
The median family, median household, and per capita incomes
for the residents of Ocracoke in 1980 were considerably higher
than those found in Hyde County as a whole, but slightly lower
than the state. (It was not possible to separate the mainland
incomes from the whole county.) These 1980 figures are shown in
Table 14.
n
1
1
Table
14: Median
Household,
Median Family,
and Per Capita Incomes
Ocracoke, Hyde County, and North
Carolina, 1980
'
Ocracoke Ocracoke
Hyde Co.
Income Type
Ocracoke
Hyde Co.
North Carolina
to Hyde Co. to N.C.
to N.C.
,
Median Household
$13,026
$ 9,736
$14,481
133.8% 90.0%
67.2%
Median Family
$15,000
$11,053
$16,792
135.7% 89.3%
65.8%
Per Capita
$ 6,761
$ 4,295
$ 7,104
157.4% 95.2%
60.5% ■
Source: U. S. Census Bureau, N. C. State Data Center.

1 Ocracoke had no residents receiving any form of public assis-
tance in 1980 compared to 263 recipients, or 4.5% of the total
population in Hyde County who averaged $1,758 each. Ocracoke had
a greater percentage of its total population receiving social
security than did Hyde County as a whole in 1980. Ocracoke had
105 recipients (16.0% of the total population) receiving an
'
average of $3,751 each in 1980 versus Hyde's 784 recipients (13.30
of its total population) receiving an average of $3,126 each.
These numbers reinforce the fact that Ocracoke is an increasingly
'
significant retirement area.
The percentage of persons in Ocracoke who were living at or
below the poverty level in 1980 was less than one -fifth of that
found in Hyde County as a whole. There were 36 persons in
Ocracoke in 1980 living in poverty (out of 650 total) for a
poverty level of only 5.5%. By comparison, Hyde County had 1,658
persons (out of 5,873 total) in poverty in 1980, for a poverty
rate of 28.2%. There is no evidence that these relative condi-
tions have changed very much between 1980 and 1990.
rIt
should be noted that the total Hyde County figures are
skewed slightly upward because they include the relatively high
Ocracoke income figures. This would understate the actual
disparity that exists between Ocracoke and the mainland portion of
Hyde County.
In summary, Ocracoke's population (both permanent and
seasonal) has been increasing while Hyde County's population has
been decreasing. Ocracoke has, and will continue, to gain an
increasing percentage of Hyde County's retail sales, new business
establishments, and tax base. Ocracoke should also outperform the
mainland in new job growth, average income level, and quality and
' growth of housing.
I-13

D. EXISTING LAND USE SUMMARY
Ocracoke Island is approximately 18 miles long and varies from
less than 100 yards to over two miles in width. The entire island '
includes approximately 5,535 acres. Ocracoke Village occupies only
775 acres which is 14.0 percent of the total. The remaining 4,760
acres are in the Cape Hatteras National Seashore and Recreation
area and are under government control. Therefore, the policies
contained in this plan apply only to the 775 acres which are not
under government control. However, the policies can apply to '
federal actions to expand the National Seashore.
Throughout the 1980s, Ocracoke's pattern of land use and devel-
opment has remained unchanged. However, the village is feeling the
effects of increasing pressure from development. This is evidenced
by the increasing number of three-story and four-story structures
that have been constructed. The village's pattern of mixed resi-
dential and commercial land uses has continued. Mixed land uses
have occurred because of many factors, including a lack of zoning
and subdivision ordinances.
'
The existing land use is shown on Map 1. The number of vacant
lots available for development is rapidly decreasing. Approxi-
mately 350 vacant lots or parcels remained in 1991 which did not
appear to be located in wetland areas. Between January 1, 1986,
and April 15, 1991, a total of 342 building permits were issued on
Ocracoke Island. At that rate, all parcels could be developed in
the next five to ten years. The largest'concentrations of vacant
'
land exist north of Sunset Drive (S. R. 1341) between Upland Trent
Drive (S. R. 1341) and S. R. 1324 and along Pamlico Sound on the
northwest shore between Windmill Point and Springers Point. Devel-
'
opment of these areas for uses other than single-family residential
development will detract from Ocracoke's "coastal fishing village"
character and seriously increase existing traffic congestion
,
problems.
The Island's residents have been sensitive to this development
pressure since the 1970s. In the early 180s efforts began to
restrict development. A zoning referendum was put before the
Village residents in 1981, but was opposed 424 to 238 (voters
included absentee property owners). Although there were many
,
reasons offered for the defeat of the referendum, the basic feeling
was that the referendum was either too complicated and not
explained clearly, or that residents thought that they would not be
allowed to preserve their lifestyle; e.g., not be allowed to main-
tain boats, etc., in their yards. It can be assumed that although
Ocracokers recognize the need for an organized pattern of develop-
,
ment, this pattern must also be "in tune" with the character and
atmosphere of the Village. However, after many months of discus-
sion, consultation, and public hearings, in April, 1986, the Hyde
County Board of Commissioners adopted a set of development controls
and regulations to apply only to Ocracoke, titled the "Ocracoke
Village Development Ordinance." The purpose of this ordinance is
to "promote the public health, safety and general welfare by
'

1
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1
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1
regulating the density of population; the size of yards and other
open spaces; the height, size and location of buildings and other
structures; to provide for an adequate transportation system; and
to provide for adequate drainage, water supply, and sewage dis-
posal." Enforcement of this ordinance has certainly had an impact
upon the development of the village. However, further controls
including subdivision regulations and comprehensive zoning may be
required to satisfactorily regulate development.
1. Land Compatibility
The 1986 Land Use Plan stated that the most significant land
compatibility problem on Ocracoke was inconsistent land use
patterns. As previously stated, this remains a problem. However,
the most serious land compatibility problem is the infringement of
development on natural and fragile areas. Not only are valuable
natural resources being lost; the entire character of Ocracoke is
being altered. The effectiveness of both state and federal
controls to protect the environment, in particular wetland areas,
is being seriously questioned by a large portion of the Ocracoke
community. It appears that some development is proceeding in
environmentally -sensitive areas without the acquisition of proper
permits. In other cases, there appears to be inconsistent applica-
tion of permit regulations. At best, confusion exists within the
Ocracoke community over what is acceptable and permitable develop-
ment under current state/federal-regulations. Both coastal and 404
wetland areas continue to be lost. The most flagrant loss occurred
in the early 1960's when a large wetland area on the eastern shore
was filled with sand pumped from the sound to create a residential
subdivision. The declining wetlands inventory is most obvious in
the eastern one -quarter of Ocracoke and along the eastern Pamlico
Sound Shoreline.
2. Problems From Unplanned Development
The problems resulting from unplanned development in Ocracoke
are both numerous and obvious. Perhaps the most serious is the
degradation of water quality.. To the dismay of long-time Ocracoke
residents, Silver Lake is no longer safe for swimming. Septic
tanks continue to be the sole means of wastewater disposal in
Ocracoke. Intensive development on the Island, and in particular
adjacent to Silver Lake, is overloading the soil's capacity to
absorb/retain the effluent. Sub -surface seepage of effluent into
surface waters is occurring. The rate of seepage is debatable.
However, it is clear that water quality, especially in Silver Lake
is declining.
Septic tanks are not the sole culprit responsible for declining
water quality. Marinas and associated discharge of waste from
boats also contribute to pollution problems. In addition, signifi-
cant increases in storm water runoff have occurred. Because of the
island's limited size, the construction of impervious surfaces
sharply increases the "shock" loading of fresh water runoff and
1
I-15

associated pollutants that are introduced into the estuarine
waters. Large natural areas do not exist to sufficiently slow the
storm water runoff.
Traffic congestion is another major problem resulting from
unplanned or uncontrolled development. Every year the influx of
tourist traffic increases. Backups of traffic regularly occur
along Silver Lake Road. "Spill -over" of traffic is occurring along
S. R. 1324 and adversely affecting the road's residential char-
acter. In addition to traffic flow problems, very little off-
street parking exists to serve day -visitors. Conflicts exist
,
between pedestrian and vehicular traffic throughout the island but
in particular along Silver Lake Road.
During the 1980's the Ocracoke skyline was significantly
altered. Several three and four-story.buildings were constructed
along Silver Lake Road. This issue has been partially addressed
through the Ocracoke Development Ordinance. However, Ocracoke's
character and appearance have been altered. Caution must be taken
to preserve the historic significance and architectural integrity
of the village. Otherwise, the attributes which make Ocracoke so
'
appealing will be lost.
The lack of subdivision regulations has allowed the construc-
tion of poorly designed subdivisions. The resulting problems
include: inadequate roads, unsafe bridges, substandard utilities,
poorly designed lot layout, no maintenance agreements for improve- '
ments, and uncoordinated street layout/design. These problems
worsen as vacant lots are developed. Serious questions over the
responsibility for the maintenance of roads and bridges continue to
exist. In many areas there is either no established road right-of-
way or questions exist over the proper right-of-way. This issue
will present problems as Ocracoke attempts to resolve its increas-
ing traffic congestion problems.
Commercial development has been largely unregulated. However,
most commercial development has been concentrated along N. C. 12 ,
and the eastern portion of Silver Lake Road. The majority of the
businesses are tourist oriented and, in many cases, open only
during the spring, summer and early fall. As the growth of the
peak population continues, further commercialization should be
expected. Future commercial development should not be allowed to
infringe on residential areas or to detract from the village's
quaint appearance. Particular attention should be paid to
excessive signage.
3. Areas Likely to Experience Change in Predominant Land.Use '
There are no major changes in predominant land use anticipated.
The Ocracoke Development Ordinance will aide in controlling
density, building height, and building location. However, the
location of uses remains largely unregulated.

Pressure will build during the 1990's for the establishment of
zoning and subdivision regulations. Such controls may be necessary
to protect Ocracoke's single-family residential areas. As stated,
' commercial development should remain primarily along N. C. 12 and
Silver Lake Road. No industrial development is expected to occur
on the island.
In the event of a major storm, some residential subdivisions
could be destroyed. Careful consideration should be given to the
' desirability of reconstruction. This issue is addressed in the
Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery, and Evacuation
Plan.
' 4. Summary
The following provides a summary of the major land use
issues/problems that are being experienced by Ocracoke:
-- The Island's natural resources, including coastal and 404
' wetlands, are being lost to development.
-- Water quality, especially in Silver Lake, has seriously
declined.
-- Ground water pollution resulting from septic tanks continues
to be a concern.
-- Marinas and associated activities are contributing to water
pollution problems.
-- Ocracoke's aesthetic appeal and "coastal fishing village"
character is being lost.
-- Residential subdivision development has occurred without
regulation, resulting in poor design.
-- Single-family residential areas are being threatened by
multi -unit residential structures and non-residential land
uses.
-- Traffic congestion and vehicular/pedestrian conflicts
increase annually.
-- The state and federal regulations intended to protect
natural resources are not being uniformly enforced; or, in
some cases, enforced at all.
' -- Effective protection of Ocracoke's historic values,
envisaged by designation of historic district and struc-
tures, will require appropriate means of implementation.
I-17

11
E. DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS: LAND SUITABILITY '
1. Topography/Geology
Excessive slopes are not a problem in Ocracoke. There are no
areas having slopes in excess of twelve percent.
The Pamlico Sound and Ocracoke area is underlain by sedi-
mentary deposits ranging in age from Cretaceous to recent. The
deposits form a wedge-shaped body which is oriented generally in a '
north -south direction. It ranges in thickness from about 1,000
feet on its western edge to 10,000 feet along the outer banks.
The deposits include beds of sand, clay, marl and limestone.
Throughout much of the area, the aquifer provides water which is
too salty for most uses. While Ocracoke receives its water supply
from wells, the wells are shallower than the Cretaceous aquifer.
The village's well water comes from shallower overlying aquifers. '
2. Flood Hazard Areas
All of Ocracoke Village is located within a 100-year flood- ,
plain area. In addition, the entire island is subject to "storm
surge" flooding. The greatest hazard to development on Ocracoke
is the threat of destruction which could result from a major
hurricane. In fact, during the storm of 1933, the village was
completely inundated.
The various categories of storm surge areas are defined as
follows:
Category 1. Winds of 74 to 95 miles per hour. Damage pri-
marily to shrubbery, trees, foliage, and unanchored mobile
homes. No appreciable wind damage to other structures.
Some damage to poorly constructed signs. Storm surge pos-
sibly 4 to 5 feet above normal. Low-lying roads inundated,
minor pier damage, some small craft in exposed anchorage
torn from moorings.
Category 2. Winds of 96 to 110 miles per hour. Consider-
able damage to shrubbery and tree foliage; some trees blown
down. Major damage to exposed mobile homes. Extensive
,
damage to poorly constructed signs. Some damage to roofing
materials of buildings; some window and door damage. No
major wind damage to buildings. Storm surge possibly 6 to 8
'
feet above normal. Coastal roads and low-lying escape
routes inland cut by rising water 2 to 4 hours before
arrival of hurricane center. Considerable damage to piers.
,
Marinas flooded. Small craft in unprotected anchorages torn
from moorings. Evacuation of some shoreline residences and
low-lying island areas required.

Category 3. Winds of 111 to 130 miles per hour. Foliage
torn from trees; large trees blown down. Practically all
poorly constructed signs blown down. Some damage to roofing
' materials of buildings; some window and door damage. Some
structural damage to small buildings. Mobile homes des-
troyed. Storm surge possibly 9 to 12 feet above normal.
' Serious flooding at coast and many smaller structures near
coast destroyed; larger structures near coast damaged by
battering waves and floating debris. Low-lying escape
' routes inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours before
hurricane center arrives.
Category 4. Winds of 131 to 155 miles per hour. Shrubs and
' trees blown down; all signs down. Extensive damage to
roofing materials, windows, and doors. Complete failure of
roofs on many small residences. Complete destruction of
' mobile homes. Storm surge possibly 13 to 18 feet above
normal. Major damage to lower floors of structures near
shore due to flooding and battering by waves and floating
debris. Low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water
3 to 5 hours before hurricane center arrives. Major erosion
of beaches.
' Category 5. Winds greater than 155 miles per hour. Shrubs
and trees blown down; considerable damage to roofs of build-
ings; all signs down. Very severe and extensive damage to
windows and doors. Complete failure of roofs on many resi-
dences and industrial buildings. Extensive shattering of
glass in windows and doors. Some complete building fail-
ures. Small buildings overturned or blown away. Complete
destruction of mobile homes. Storm surge possibly greater
than 18 feet above normal. Major damage to lower floors of
all structures less than 15 feet above sea level.' Low-lying
escape routes inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours before
hurricane center arrives.
' 3. Soil Conditions
The soil conditions on Ocracoke Island are extremely poor.
' The majority of the island has either Corolla fine sand or
Duckston fine sand soils. Both soil types are extremely wet and
have severe limitations for dwellings, road construction and
septic tank filter field construction. Only one soil type, Newhan
fine, does not have severe limitations. This soil covers only
limited areas of Ocracoke. Map 2 provides generalized soil type
locations. The following table provides a summary of soil
' characteristics.

NOTES
N'.
1. flniess otherwise •POCSffed ee fellows. all
road right• -Of -way ar. cansldered to of
/
30 fast (thirty feat) !n wtdtfc
-r
— N.C. Highway 12 from Intersection at
Lake t0 tarainus •t terry Station. 2e ft.
Sliver
„
'
— N.C. flfahwaY 12 from Intersection at
'Silver Lake to intorsectlan with S.R. 1324. e0 ft.
I fig" U.S. COAST 7 of yfil
�
(\
— N.C. Highway 12 from S.R. 1324 to national
75 ft. an the fgr'thaM+�ti^
i r' 'ti�� \ GUARD
seashore boundary.
aloe of the highway centerline.
/ ,t1QiJ tr`- - \ :, -
- N.C. Highway fray S.R. 1324 to S.R. 1333
southern Side Of the highway CSnterlife. 30 1t.
,
/ oC ,
�_-` \
'
one
— N.C. Highway 12 from S.A. 1333 to national
/ Jfj \
I / i J �' j
seashore boundary. 75 ft. on the south aide
J
/ t
bf the highway centerline.
— John Deakin C*'1ve. 40 ft.
21 {t�
— S.R132. 40 ft.
/ JJ
S.R.. 1325. 40.ft.
S.R. 1321L 30 ft.
— The portion of S.R. 1341 known as O'Neill Orivo; 40 }t.
The S.R. S341 known as upland Trent Wive.
portion of
Theo pk,rtlon Of S.n. 1341 known as Old Novel
GO
Awa,nftion Dump Road. to end Of the S.R. at
Bunker Hill feed. 35 ft.
— S.R. 1343. from S.A. 1324 to S.n. 1337. 40 ft.
ft.
'' Jn
S.R. 1341 from S.R. 1337 to S.R. 13M 50
S.A. 1349. 30 ft.
S.n. 1350. 50 ft.
S.R. 1351. 38 ft.
S.nf3357.
/r
' SILVER LAKE
'
SR.. 40 ft.
hh
S.R. 135s. 40 ft.
}
2. 'This Is not a surveyed map. Lot lines. rights -of -way.
a
t>>
shorelines. lakes. Creaks. canals. etc.. represent
approximate locations based an 1987 Hyde County tea
.i
raCOroS. Th17 map Carenot be utilized to determine
i1
1
exact lot/percal dtMnelons or location.
,�
ti S
3. Any road not designated as a State Maintained head M.A.)
may not have astebl tfhed or recardoo publlc right-Of-wey.,r'
J�
J Jf;'
e�pgPOINT
t
'
�2
12it
it
'i
7
1
,J
9
Z 12
o �;,
12
ro
'12
(L lfff
,
L
6 6
12.
22
22 5
The preparation of this map was financed
5
in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management
'
Program, through funds provided by the
22
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972.
as amended, which Is administered by the
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management, National Oceanic and
'
Atmospheric Administration'.
21
A I NA
PARK
SERVICE
IF!M VA
NA
.Z
7
NORTHERN POND
W2,
OCRACOKEISLAND
t
SOILS MAP
,
`
MAP 2
18
�t
t,
DO 1 C/�
VGV�ilW
i, "A
O
MAP
SYMBOL SOIL TYPE
to Np
5 Tidal flats
t, 2
6 Carteret soils, low
Ilk
7 Corolla tine sand
10 Dredge spoil
"
rj
12 Duckston fine sand
n 22
17 Madeland
:1
.18 Carteret soils, high
19
Carteret soils
21 Newhan fine sand
tt
22 Newhan-Corolla complex
t
`i
Shirt L!M �yt.y 7t
1
41
trfffvconf if COtr iii
}1 { ii
tf
1
{ h,
nlaht-or-wfr u.rs
f
- r}'
r,
Coot wttfrf�us wefotil
afvwrr
S.A. Stott Fw
N.C. N th C/'OIIM
-L' -`
W WATER
9
19
l / 6
HORpS
EPEN
N.
1W
I-20

Table 15:
Degree and Kind
of Limitation for
Stated Use
'
Map Symbol,
Streets &
Septic Tank
Land Types
Dwellings
Roads
Filter Field
#6 Carteret
very severe-
very severe-
very severe -
'
soils, low
flooding -wet
flooding -wet
flooding -wet
#7 Corolla
severe -wet
severe -wet
severe -wet'
fine sand
#10 Dredge
severe
severe
severe'
'
Spoil
#12 Duckston
severe -wet
severe -wet
severe -wet'
'
fine sand
#18 Carteret
very severe-
very severe-
very severe -
soils, high
flooding -wet
flooding -wet
flooding -wet
#19 Carteret
very severe-
very severe
very severe
soils
flooding -wet
flooding -wet
flooding -wet
#21 Newhan
slight
slight
slight'
fine sand
#22 Newhan-
-- See ratings
for.individual
soils ----
Corolla complex
'
' The sandy soils
are highly pervious with questionable fil-
tering capacities.
Thus, contamination of groundwater is possible.
' As indicated by Table 15, Ocracoke is low, poorly drained, and
without the addition of sand fill, unsuited for septic tank usage.
In the absence of central sewage treatment, the poor soil condi-
tions will serve as a constraint to development.
4. Manmade Hazards/Restrictions
' There are no significant manmade hazards located on Ocracoke
Island. Fuel storage tanks comprise the only potential hazard.
The largest fuel storage facilities are located at the North
Carolina Department of Transportation Ferry Terminal and the U. S.
Coast Guard Station. The Tideland Electric Membership Cooperative
stores diesel fuel for its power generating facilities. Other
' fuel storage tanks are located at marinas and retail gasoline
outlets. There have not been any known problems of either surface
or subsurface water pollution. Because of the lack of industrial
development, the storage or usage of other significant amounts of
' hazardous materials on Ocracoke Island is not anticipated.
The Ocracoke Island Airport is located in the Cape Hatteras
' National Seashore south of Ocracoke Village. The airport is
utilized by general aviation light aircraft. Normal low altitude

NOTES:
1. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED AS FOLLOWS, ALL ROAD RIGHTS -
OF -:WAY ARE CONSIDERED TO 3E 30 T (THIRTY 2=71 :N
WIDTH:
-- N. C. HIGHWAY 12 FROM :NTe-:4SECTICN AT ST.:;VE1-k LAM TO
T..R 4INUS AT F r..RRY ST.ITION• 26 C.
NW. C. HIGHWAY 12 FROM INTERSECTION AT SILVER LAKE TO
Ln==CTION WITH S.R. 1324, 60 FT.
N. C. HIGHWAY 12 FROM S.Z. 1324 TO NAT:CNAL SEASHORE
BOUNDARY. 75 T. ON THE NORTHERN SIDE OF TEE HIGHWAY
C�WTEtLZNE.
N. C. HIGHWAY FROM S.R. 1324 TO S.R. 1333 ON THE
SOUTHERN SIDE OF THE HIGHWAY c�INB, 36 a '.
— N. C. HIGHWAY 12 FROM S.R. 1333 TO NAT:CNAL SEASHORE 2.
BOUNDARY. 75 FT. ON THE SOUTH SIDE OF THE HIGHWAY
CENTERL:NZ.
— JOHN GAS INS DRIVE, 40 FT.
— S.R. 1324, 40 FT. 3.
S.R. 1325, 40 FT.
S R. 1328, 30 FT.
LEGEND
-- THE PORTION OF S.R. 1341 ?Q+= AS O' M='- ORIVE. '
40 FT.
THE PORTION 0£ S.R. 1341 KNM AS UPLAND :'RENT OR:4T.
60 FT.
THE PORTION or S.R. 1341 XZi01RW AS OLD NIAVAL AAI:lL^tI::OA,
DUMP ROAD, TO END OF THE S.R. AT 3UNKER HILL ROAD, .. 35 .
-- S.R.
1343,
FROH S.R. 1324 TO S.R. 1337, 40 FT.
-- S.R.
1343,
FROM S.R. 1337 TO S.R. 1358, 50
— S.R.
1349,
30 T.
— S.R.
1350,
50 FT.
— S.R.
1351,
38 F':.
— S.R.
— S R
1336,
1357
60 T.
40
FT. ,
— S.R. 1358, 40 T.
THIS IS NOT A SURVEYED MAP. LOT LINES, RIGHTS -OF -WAY,
SHORELINES, Ld1O:.S, CREEKS, CANALS, ETC., REPRESENT APPROX-
nWE LOCATIONS BASED ON 1987 HYDE COUNTY TAX RECORDS.
THIS MAP CANNOT BE UTILIZED TO DETERMINE EXACT LOT/?ARC_-
DIMENSIONS OR LOCATION.
ANY ROAD NOT DESIGNATED AS A STATE MAINfAnM0 ROAD (S.R.)
MAY NOT '.DIVE ESTABLISHED OR RECORDED PUBLIC RIGHT-02-WAY.
- _ - •�: '-+ PROBABLE WETLAND AREAS
;1OTa..S
1) THE COASTAL WETLAND AREAS ARE
OEFINED 3Y 15A NCAC 7H.0205 AS ANY
SALT MARSH OR OTHER MARSH SOB.,ZCT
TO REGULAR OR OCCASIONAL FLOODING
BY TIDES, INCLUDING WIND TIDES
(WHETHER OR NOT THE TIDE WATERS
REACH THE MARSHLAND AREAS THROUGH
NATURAL OR .ARTIFICIAL WATER
COURSES), PROVIDED THIS SHALL NOT
INC..UDE HURRICANE OR TROPICAL STORM
TIDES. PRECISE LOCATIONS OF ALL
COASTAL WETLANDS MUST BE DETERMINED
IN THE ?I..LD .
2) ALL WATERS UNDER THE JURISDICTION
OF HYDE COUNTY ARE EITHER ESTUARINE
WATERS OR PUBLIC TRUST AREAS AS
DEFINED IN 15A NCAC 7H.0206
ESTUARINE WATERS AND .0207 PUBLIC
TRUST AREAS.
3) ALL AREAS LYING 0-75' LANDWARD OF
THE MEAN HIGH WATER LEVEL OF
ESTUAR_= WAT�._RS ARE CLASSIFIED AS
ESTUARINE SHORELINES. BECAUSE OF
MAP SCALE. THESE AREAS CANNOT BE
ACCURATELY MAPPED. PRECISE
LOCATIONS '.LUST BE OETERMZNED IN THE
FIELD THROUGH LAMA REVIEW AND
PERMIT APPROVAL. ESTUARINE SHORE-
LINES ALONG MANMADE DITCHES ARE NOT
CONSIDERED FRAGILE .AREAS AND ARE
NOT SUBJECT TO THE ESTUARINE SHORE-
LINE POLICIES INC..UDED IN THIS
PLAN.
Shore Line
Creeks/Canals
Property Lines
Right-of-way Lines
Cape Hatterus National
Seashore Boundary
S.R.
N. C.
4) EFFECTIVE MARCH 1, 1991, ANY
UNDEVELOPED PARCELS OF ?ROPERTY TNO
ACRES OR LARGER IN SIZE SHALL 3E
CONSIDERED VALUABLE NATURAL AREAS.
5) ALL 404 WETLAND AREAS ARE CLASS:-
FIEa AS CONSERVATION. HOWEVER,
BECAUSE OF MAP SCALE, LOCATIONS
CANNOT BE DELINEATED. PRECISE
LOCATIONS MUST BE DETERMINED
THROUGH 0{4-SITE ANALYSIS AND VERI-
FICATION. FEDERAL 404 PERMITTING
AND REGULATORY REounucmmS SHALL
APPLY.
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North Carolina
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approaches, departures, and other flights within the airport's
traffic pattern do not result in low altitude flights over Ocracoke
Village. Therefore, the airport is not considered a hazard.
Ocracoke Island is located in the southeast corner of the
Pamlico B Military Operations Area' (MOA). In addition, the
R-5306A restricted area is located immediately southwest of
Ocracoke2. The U. S. Marine Corps has requested approval for
the establishment of a new MOA, the Core MOA. The Core MOA will
extend along almost the entire length of Core Banks. If estab-
lished, Ocracoke will be completely surrounded by restricted or
military operations areas. While low level flights of military
aircraft over Ocracoke Village do not normally occur, the county
considers the military operations disruptive to the area's envir-
onment and to general aviation accessibility to the airport. In
January, 1986, the Hyde County Board of Commissioners went on
record as opposing the establishment of anymore military operations
areas in eastern North Carolina. This land use plan reaffirms Hyde
County's opposition to their presence. The existing and proposed
MOA's are considered hazardous to Ocracoke's environment.
5. Fragile Areas
' Fragile areas are areas which could easily be damaged or
destroyed by inappropriate or poorly planned development. There
are important fragile areas in Ocracoke. The areas include Areas
of Environmental Concern (AECs) as shown on Map 3. These fragile
areas are being adversely affected by development.
a) Coastal Wetlands
The coastal wetlands are generally delineated on Map 3, Areas
of Environmental Concern. However, it is emphasized that the
specific locations of coastal wetlands can be determined only
through on -site investigation and analysis. Coastal wetlands
are defined by 15A NCAC 7H as salt marshes regularly- or
irregularly -flooded by tides,•including wind tides, provided
this shall not include hurricane or tropical storm tides. This
area contains some, but not necessarily all of the following
marsh plant species: Cordgrass, Black Needlerush, Glasswort,
Salt Grass, Sea Lavendar, Bulrush, Saw Grass, Cat -tail, Salt
Meadow Grass, and Salt Reed Grass. These areas are delineated
by the Division of Coastal Management of the North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources. The
coastal wetlands are vital to the complex
1 MOA's are areas experiencing high levels of military aircraft activity.
Some restrictions on civilian aviation activity may exist. A current Charlotte
Sectional Aeronautical Chart should be consulted to determine applicable
controls.
2 Restricted areas are areas normally open to only military aviation
activity. Civilian aircraft entrance into such areas must be cleared by the
appropriate military air traffic control. A current Charlotte Sectional
Aeronautical Chart should -be consulted to determine the appropriate military air
traffic control.
I-23

food chain found in estuaries. They provide marine nursery
areas and are essential to a sound commercial fishing industry.
Coastal wetlands also serve as barriers against flood damage
and control erosion between the estuary and uplands.
b) Estuarine Shorelines
Estuarine shorelines are non -ocean shorelines that are espe-
cially vulnerable to erosion, flooding, or other adverse
effects of wind and water. They are intimately connected to
the estuary. 15A NCAC 7H provides that the estuarine shoreline
area extends from the mean high water level or normal water
level along the estuary and sound for a distance of 75 feet
landward. This includes the shoreline of Silver Lake.
Delineation is the responsibility of the Division of Coastal
Management. Development within the estuarine shorelines
influences the quality of estuarine life and is subject to the
damaging processes of shorefront erosion and flooding.
Preservation of the Ocracoke estuarine shorelines is essential
to the preservation of the island.
c) Estuarine Waters
Estuarine waters are generally brackish waters found in coastal
estuaries and bays. They are the dominant component and
bonding element of the entire estuarine system, integrating
aquatic influences from both the land and the sea. The
estuarine waters are among the most productive natural environ-
ments in Ocracoke. The waters support the valuable commercial
and sports fisheries of the coastal area which are comprised of
estuarine dependent species such as menhaden, flounder, shrimp,
crabs, and oysters.
d) Public Trust Areas
Public trust areas are all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the
lands thereunder from the mean high water mark to the seaward
limit of state jurisdiction; all natural bodies of water
subject to measurable lunar tides and lands thereunder to the
mean high water mark; all.navigable natural bodies of water and
lands thereunder to the mean high water level or mean water
level as the case may be, except privately -owned lakes to which
the public has no right of access; all water in artificially
created bodies of water containing significant public fishing
resources or other public resources which are accessible to the
public by navigation from bodies of water in which the public
has rights of navigation; and all waters in artificially
created bodies of water in which the public has acquired rights
by prescription, custom, usage, dedication, or any other means.
In determining whether the public has acquired rights in
artificially created bodies of water, the following factors
shall be considered: I
(1) the use of the body of water by the public,
(2) the length of time the public has used the area,
I-24

I
k
11
I
(3) the value of public resources in the body of water,
(4) whether the public resources in the body of water are
mobile to the extent that they can move into natural
bodies of water,
(5) whether the creation of the artificial body of water
required permission from the state, and
(6) the value of the body of water to the public for
navigation from one public area to another public
area.
These areas are significant because the public has rights in
these areas, including navigation and recreation. The public
trust areas also support valuable commercial and sports
fisheries, have aesthetic value, and are important resources
for economic development.
It is impossible to map the public trust area. The areas must
be determined through in -field analysis and definition.
e) 404 Wetlands
404 wetlands are areas covered by water or that have water-
logged soils for long periods during the growing season.
Plants growing in wetlands are capable of living in soils
lacking oxygen for at least.part of the growing season. Some
wetlands, such as swamps, are obvious. Others are sometimes
difficult to identify because they may be dry during part of
the year.. Wetlands include, but are not limited to, bottom -
lands, forests, swamps, pocosins, pine savannahs, bogs,
marshes, and wet meadows.
404 wetlands are generally agreed to exist if: (1) the vege-
tation -is hydrophytic, (2) the soil is hydric, and (3) the
hydrology is wetland; i.e., inundated. (See Federal Manual for
Identifying Jurisdictional Wetlands, January 10, 1989, as
adopted by USFWS, EPA, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the
U.S. Soil and Conservation Service, Part II.) Simultaneous to
the preparation of this plan, amendments to the federal
definition of wetlands were being considered which reduce the
areas afforded protection under the wetlands legislation.
Those areas known as "non-splashable" wetlands, which include
pine forests, meadows, and brushy areas where water lies just
below the surface, could be eliminated from 404 regulation.
This change would increase the areas of Ocracoke which could be
considered to have development potential.
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act requires that anyone inter-
ested in depositing dredged or fill material into "waters of
the United States," including wetlands, must apply for and
receive a permit for such activities. The specific locations
of wetlands areas must be determined through specific on -site
analysis by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington
District Office.
I-25

Wetlands are a significant natural resource because they
provide recharge areas for groundwater; serve as filter traps
for sediment, pesticides and other pollutants; provide non--
structural flood control; buffer against shoreline erosion;
serve as buffer zones between upland activities and valuable
aquatic systems; and provide habitats for numerous furbearing
animals, endangered species, and other wildlife.
There are numerous areas of Ocracoke which may be 404 wetlands.
All development proposals should be carefully coordinated with
the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers to avoid violation of the
Clean Water Act and to preserve/protect the environment. Many
areas which appear to have been areas meeting the definition of
404 wetlands have been developed.
f) Historic and Archaeological Sites
The entire village of Ocracoke has important historic value.
The village features a splendid array of coastal cottages,
large shingled structures, and the Ocracoke lighthouse and
keeper's quarters. With certain exceptions, construction over
the past several decades has tended to conform to the archi-
tectural integrity of Ocracoke. Planning for the future devel-
opment of the area should ensure that this integrity is pre-
served and can remain the model for the entire area. A portion
of the village has been designated in the National Register of
Historic Places as a Historic District. The Historic District
boundary is delineated on Map 3, Areas of Environmental
Concern. All development proposals should be carefully
reviewed to ensure compatibility with Ocracoke's landscape and
to provide for preservation of the historic district.
A county -wide archaeological survey has not been conducted in
Hyde County. However, the North Carolina Division of Archives
and History is aware of numerous important archaeological sites
on Ocracoke Island. However, site locations are restricted
information and may not be mapped for public distribution. All
development activity on Ocracoke Island should be coordinated
with the Division of Archives and History in order to avoid
damage to significant archaeological sites.
g) Maritime Forests
Maritime forests are areas containing native salt tolerant
vegetation. Exposure to salt spray causes the vegetation to
have a sheared appearance that is shaped according to contours
of adjacent land forms. The forests contain loblolly pine,
sweet gum, live oak and red maple as the dominant tree types.
The trees grow slowly because of very low available water
capacity, occasional salt water flooding, and exposure to salt
spray. Prior to development, there were significant maritime
forest areas on Ocracoke Island. Most of the maritime forest
areas located in the village have now been developed. However,
Springer's Point contains a significant area of undisturbed
maritime forest.
I-26

h) Other Fragile Areas
There are no ocean dunes, ocean beaches/shorelines, inlet
hazard areas, natural resource areas, complex natural areas, or
unique coastal geologic formations located in Ocracoke
Village.
6. Areas of Resource Potential
1
a) Public Parks
Hyde County does not maintain any public parks in Ocracoke
Village. However, there are outdoor recreational facilities at
the Ocracoke School. The National Park Service maintains a
passive recreational area with parking on Pamlico Sound
adjacent to the Ocracoke ferry site, including a public boat
ramp. While there are no major park facilities within Hyde
County's jurisdiction, Ocracoke is adjacent to the Cape
Hatteras National Seashore. In general, outdoor recreational
opportunities are abundant.
b) Marine Resources
Scattered subaquatic vegetation is found in Silver Lake and
along the shores of Pamlico Sound.
Some major concentrations occur in Pamlico Sound adjacent to
National Park Service property. All subaquatic vegetation
should be protected as an important part of Ocracoke's marine
environment. It contributes to the well-being of Pamlico
Sound's fish and crab populations. Commercial fishing and
other marine activities are essential to Ocracoke's economy and
history. A major concern and need in Ocracoke should be the
improvement and protection of water quality in Silver -Lake and
Pamlico Sound.
c) Agricultural and Forest Lands
There are no significant agricultural or forest lands in
Ocracoke Village. (See Maritime Forests.)
1 I-27

F. DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS: PUBLIC FACILITIES
1. Water Supply
The Ocracoke Sanitary District provides water service to
Ocracoke Island. Since June, 1977, when the district began supply-
ing water, its customer base has grown steadily. In 1980, there
were approximately 480 customers. By January, 1991, the customer
total had increased to 744. Connections to the system are allowed
at the discretion of the sanitary district board at the cost of
$2,500 per residential service. Most connections occur along
existing lines and do not require the extension of new lines.
Table 16 provides a summary of water consumption from 1977 to
1990. During this 13-year period, annual consumption increased by
13,791,000 gallons, or 65%. During the months of July, August,
September, and part of October, tourist demand consumes all system
capacity. On Memorial Day, 1991, actual consumption was 250,000
gallons which required utilization of 20,000 gallons of reserve.
Table 16
Ocracoke Sanitary District
Consumed Gallons Increase/Decrease
July, 1977 - 1990
Gallons of
% of
Increase/
Increase/
Year.
Gallons
(Decrease)
(Decrease)
1977-1978
21,102,000
--
--
1978-1979
211988,000
886,000
4.19%
1979-1980
22,413,000
425,000
1.93%
1980-1981
24,8141000
2,401,000
10.71%
1981-1982
24,096,000
282,000
1.14%
1982-1983
26,613,000
1,517,000
6.04%
1983-1984
28,749,000
21,136,000
8.02%
1984-1985
310,6941,000
20,945,000
10.24%
1985-1986
301682,000
(1,012,000)
( 3.19%)
1986-1987
29, 437, 000
(11245, 000)
( 4.05%)
1987-1988
32,346,000
2,909,000
9.88%
1988-1989
32,174, 000
( 172, 000)
( .53%)
1989-1990
34,893,000
20,719,000
8.45%
�.
The water supply
is obtained from two wells.
Well number 1 is
an eight -inch diameter well which
produces 400 gallons
per minute.
Well number 2 is a
four -inch diameter
well which
produces 200
gallons per minute.
Well number 1 is used
Each well
almost exclusively
is approximately
to supply
600 feet deep.
the raw water
needed. The well
has pumped up
to 22 hours per
day during summer
peak periods. Well
number 2 is
used to supplement
well number 1.
The raw water
is treated at
the district's reverse
osmosis
treatment plant.
This method of
treatment is utilized
to aid in
the desalination of
the raw water
supply. Four
treatment units are
utilized and have
a combined capacity of 230,000
gallons per day.
The treated water
is pumped to
the distribution
system by high
services pumps at
the rate of 200
gallons per minute.
.I-2 8

The water system has one 150,000 gallon elevated storage tank
and two 25,000 gallon ground.storage tanks. Distribution line
sizes of ten, eight, six, four, three and two inches interconnect
with the wells and storage tanks.
2. Sewer
There are no publicly owned or operated sewer treatment systems
located on Ocracoke Island. With a few exceptions, all sewage
treatment is provided by conventional septic tanks. The following
have advanced septic systems with low flow pumping for septic field
distribution: Pirates Quay, Silver Lake Motel and Annex, Ocracoke
Horizons Condominium, Anchorage Inn, and Danny Lyons.
Ocracoke was not included in the 1978 Hyde County 201
Facilities Plan. However, the possibility of a comprehensive
sewage treatment system for Ocracoke has been discussed. Some
concern exists among residents that the establishment of a central
sewage treatment system would support an increase in the density of
development on Ocracoke Island.
The establishment of any central sewer system on Ocracoke would
require an innovative approach to sewage treatment.
3. Solid Waste Disposal
_Hyde County contracts with Dare County for solid waste disposal
and collection. The contract is renewed annually. During fiscal
year 1991/1992, the cost of the contract was $115,000. Collection
is provided door-to-door twice per week. Businesses have dumpsters
which are emptied once per week in the "off-season". In peak
summer months, the dumpsters are emptied daily. The waste volume
averages,50 tons per month during the summer season and 30 tons per
month during the winter. In addition to the Dare County contract,
Hyde County contracts annually with an individual for the
collection of large items and junk automobiles. The annual cost of
this contract is $5,000.
Dare County maintains a waste collection truck in Ocracoke.
When the truck is filled, it is ferried across the Hatteras Inlet
and refuse is disposed of in the Dare County landfill. This
requires a round trip of over 140 miles.
The current Dare County landfill, located on U.S. 64 at East
Lake, was opened in 1982 with a projected life expectancy of 20
years. However, accelerated population growth rates, especially
for seasonal population, has shortened the life expectancy. In
May, 1991, the life expectancy was 43 months, or 3-1/2 years.
1 I-29

4. Schools I
There is one public school on Ocracoke Island.
The Ocracoke
School was constructed in 1971 and serves grades K
- 12. The
facility has been expanded since the initial construction. The
,
following provides the 1990-1991 enrollment:
K - 8
1 - 7
2 - 7
3 - 9
4 - 11
5 - 6
6 - 8
7 - 6
8 - 3
9 - 6
10 - 6
11 - 11
12 - 6
Total 94
The school has a capacity of 135 students.
5. Transportation
Ocracoke is totally dependent upon ferry service for vehicular
access. Table 17 provides a summary of ferry traffic growth from
1981-82 to 1990.
Table 17
Ocracoke Island Ferry Passengers
Change
1981-82
1981-82 1982-83 1983-84 1984-85
1990 to 1990
Hatteras Inlet 542,536 535,806 561,648 582,827
Cedar Island -Ocracoke 155,094 155,191 152,382 155,875
754,636 +39.1%
219,407 +41.5%
Swan Quarter -Ocracoke 32,013 37,057 34,380 34,170
39,201 +22.5%
Total Passengers 729,643 728,054 748,410 772,872
1,013,244 +38.9%
These figures indicate the phenominal growth in tourism which
is impacting Ocracoke. I
The following provides detailed ferry vehicle/passenger data
for 1990.. 1
. I I
1
I-30 1

1 Table 18
1990 Ferry
Usage
CEDAR
ISLAND
Vehicles
Passengers
Bicycles
Jan.
Feb.
1990
1990
1,168
1,774
21443
31858
3
6
Mar.
1990
3,578
8,338
19
Apr.
1990
71709
20,255
100
May
1990
8,859
22,744
202
June
1990
10,957
29,979
158
July
1990
13,319
39,141
235
Aug.
1990
12,878
37,231
153
Sep.
1990
10,818
26,233
264
Oct.
1990*
9,156
21, 678
133
'
Nov.
1990*
3,347
83,563
7,507
219,407
52
1, 325
SWAN
QUARTER
Vehicles
Passengers
Bicycles
Jan.
1990
476
1,001
3
Feb.
1990
496
1,005
1
Mar.
1990
796
11748
18
Apr.
1990
11190
2,708
38
May
1990
11550
3,538
67
June
1990
1,780
41462
19
July
1990
1,837
51042
30
Aug.
1990
1,845
41863
15
Sep.
1990
11583
31653
77
Oct.
1990*
2,657
5,639
45
Nov.
1990*
2,678
5,542
17
16,888
39, 201
330
HATTERAS
Vehicles
Passengers
Bicycles
Jan.
1990
6,237
11,553
14
Feb.
1990
7,526
14,116
4
Mar.
1990
12,496
25,654
27
Apr.
1990
22,853
57,593
76
May
1990
30,834
76,257
285
June
1990
38,119
105,792
149
July
1990
48,926
147,717
143
Aug.
1990
49,661
149,320
142
Sep.
1990
35,343
90,345
170
Oct.
1990*
25,035
60,153
127
Nov.
1990*
8,089
16,136
12
285,119
754,636
1,149
*During these months, the Oregon Inlet Bridge was out of service,
resulting in an increase in traffic above that normally
experienced during October and November.

Clearly the operation of ferry service by the State of North
Carolina has growth implications for Ocracoke. Either increases or
decreases in ferry service will have a direct and dramatic impact
on Ocracoke growth patterns.
In addition to tourist access, the ferry service provides a
vital link to the mainland for goods, services and essential needs
such as medical care. In order to improve linkage to the Hyde
County mainland, relocation of the Swan Quarter ferry terminal to
the Outfall Canal at East Bluff Bay should be considered. This
would shorten the crossing by approximately 10 miles and decrease
crossing time by approximately 45 minutes. This route change could
also substantially decrease operating costs.
Most of the roads on the island are designated state roads and
are maintained by the state. However,.a number of roads in resi-
dential subdivisions do not meet minimum state standards, and,
'
therefore, are not state maintained. This is an especially serious
problem in the subdivisions located along the eastern shoreline of
Ocracoke. Map 1, Existing Land Use and Structural Conditions,
indicates the state maintained roads.
Because Hyde County does not have a subdivision ordinance,
areas have been subdivided without dedicated rights -of -way or
minimum construction standards for roads. This has resulted in
continuing maintenance problems for adjoining property owners.
Hyde County cannot assume maintenance because state statutes do not
permit counties to provide road maintenance.
An especially acute problem is the three bridges in the Oyster
Creek area. The bridges are estimated to have a capacity of five
tons. These structures are seriously deteriorated and are a hazard
for anyone utilizing them. Failure of the bridges will isolate ,
approximate 50 residences.
As discussed in the existing land use section, traffic conges-
tion along Silver Lake Road, in particular, and the island as a
whole during the summer season is an increasingly serious problem.
Not only is vehicular movement difficult, but there are increasing
conflicts between vehicular and pedestrian traffic. Unfortunately,
the 1991-1997 North Carolina Department of Transportation Improve-
ment Program does not propose any improvements for Ocracoke. An
in-depth comprehensive transportation improvements plan for
Ocracoke is.needed.
6. Police
Police protection on Ocracoke Island is provided by the Hyde
County Sheriff's Department. In 1991, two full-time deputies were
stationed at Ocracoke with two patrol cars. The county was consid-
ering adding a third deputy and patrol car. A new jail facility
has two holding cells.
I-32 1

Historically, crime has not been a problem. However, the
rapidly increasing peak seasonal population is stretching the
ability of the Sheriff's Department to provide adequate service
with only two deputies. The 1986 land use plan cited studies of
more urbanized areas which indicated that in order for one officer
to be "on the street" 24 hours a day, a force of at least five
officers would be required. This need will be evaluated during the
planning period by the Hyde County Board of Commissioners.
7. Fire
Ocracoke has an active and well trained volunteer fire depart-
ment. The department is housed in adequate facilities which are
located on S.R. 1324. There are over 20 active volunteers. In
1990/1991, Hyde County provided $4,000 in support of the depart-
ment. Equipment consists of: a 1987 Ford pumper with a 750 gallon
reservoir and a 1,000 gallon per minute pumping capacity; a 1965
Dodge (4x4) with a 500 gallon reservoir and a 750 gallon per minute
capacity; and a 1966 Dodge power wagon for brush fires. Through a
mutual aide agreement, the department keeps a trailer mounted pump
with a 250 gallon per minute pumping capacity which is owned by the
National Park Service. In 1989, the department substantially
upgraded its communication equipment by adding three new base
stations and 12 pagers.
Fire protection is adequate for one and two-story structures.
Equipment is not considered adequate to deal with fires in struc-
tures three stories high or higher. A ladder truck is needed
within the planning period.
The Oyster Creek area has inadequate fire hydrants and vehic-
ular access. As discussed in the transportation section, the
Oyster Creek area bridges are deteriorated and hazardous. Without
improvements to the bridges, the fire department may have to dis-
continue service to Oyster Creek.
8. Emergency Services
Ocracoke has a health center which is staffed by a physician's
assistant and one registered nurse. The village does not have a
dentist. Hyde County maintains four full-time certified EMT's on
Ocracoke, and a modern fully -equipped ambulance.
9. Electrical Power
The Tideland Electric Membership Corporation supplies Ocracoke
with electric service. Power is purchased from the North Carolina
Power and Light Company. In January 1986, there were 712 active
users. By May 1991, the total had increased to 850, an increase of
19.4 percent. Improvements to the service, including a larger
supply cable, were completed in the late 1980s which reduced brown-
outs and blackout problems. In November, 1990, the construction of
a cogenerating plant was completed. The facility was licensed to
operate at 200 hours per year and normally functions two to three
hours per day during periods of peak demand. However, service
I-33

problems continue to be acute in the peak summer season. As
recently as 1988, the electric shortages affected the sanitary
district's ability to maintain a continuous water supply. Some
residents maintain their own generators.
10. Recreation
There are not any recreation plans which address Ocracoke's
needs. Except for school supervised functions, organized
recreation activities do not exist. Abundant outdoor recreational
opportunities do exist and serve as a major stimulant for tourist
activity. Foremost in outdoor opportunities is the Cape Hatteras
National Seashore. The need for increased shoreline access facili-
ties in Ocracoke, and in particular along Silver Lake, has been
debated by Ocracoke residents. This issue is addressed in the
Policy Section of the plan.
11. Administration
Hyde County provides all essential government services to
Ocracoke, including social -services, health department, sheriff's
department, school system, emergency services, building inspec-
tions, and general administrative services. The five member Hyde
County Board of Commissioners manages county services and finances.
Ocracoke has one designated seat on the Board of Commissioners.
The incorporation of Ocracoke has been debated by its
residents. However, no clear consensus on the issue exists.
Incorporation would allow the residents of Ocracoke more immediate
and local control of local land use issues. It is anticipated that
the question of incorporation will be a major issue during the
planning period.
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IG. CURRENT PLANS, STUDIES AND REGULATIONS
1. Ocracoke Development Ordinance
The Ocracoke development ordinance was adopted April 21, 1986,
and amended November 6, 1989. Some development standards such as
minimum lot size and setbacks are established. However, land use
is not regulated. The ordinance does not provide zoning.
1 2. Building Code
Hyde County enforces -the North Carolina State Building Code.
The county employs a part-time building inspector who resides on
Ocracoke. A minimum housing code was adopted on December 3, 1979.
3. Floodplain Regulations
Hyde County participates in the National Flood Insurance
Program and complies with all related regulatory requirements.
4. Hyde County Transportation Development Plan
In October, 1986, the Hyde County Transportation Steering
Committee completed the Transportation Improvement Plan. The
document was prepared to define a course for coordinated human
service transportation planning among the county's social service
agencies. Because of Ocracoke's isolation, the plan addressed only
mainland transportation needs.
5. Hyde County, Engelhard, Swan Quarter and Ocracoke
Shoreline Economic Development Study
In 1988, Hyde County prepared the Shoreline Economic Develop-
ment Study. The document focused on the shorelines in Ocracoke,
Swan Quarter and Engelhard. Obstacles to development were identi-
fied and specific recommendations were made for improvements to all
three areas. The recommendations -concerning Ocracoke are included
in the policies section of this plan.
6. 1986 Hyde County CAMA Land Use Plan
The 1986 Hyde County Land Use Plan was prepared to satisfy the
requirements of the CAMA land use planning program and to establish
some guildeines for development within the county. The plan was
divided into separate sections dealing with the mainland and
1 Ocracoke. The policies for both areas were consistent with and did
not exceed the state's minimum 15NCAC7H use standards.
1
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H. EFFECTIVENESS OF THE 1986 HYDE COUNTY C,AMA LAND USE PLAN
The 1986 land use plan has not proven effective for dealing
with Ocracoke's land use issues and problems. The policies were no
more demanding than the state's 15NCAC7H use standards. Many
Ocracoke residents did not understand the plants policies and
thought that much of the development which has occurred would have
been regulated or prohibited by the plan. By not adopting specific
and detailed policies, Hyde County missed an opportunity to provide
local control of land use issues. The major areas where the land
use plan failed to provide adequate protection include estuarine
shorelines, coastal wetlands, 404 wetlands, water quality, and the
density of development on the island.
The plants policies did have some positive impact. Most
significant was the success of the policy opposing new marina
construction along the Silver Lake shoreline. Also, in 1989,
plan was revised to include the following policy on offshore
drilling:
"Hyde County is opposed to the development of any
petrochemical energy facility or related improve-
ment within its jurisdictional lands or waters.
This includes all structures, operations, and
activities associated, with petrochemical energy
facility development, such as, but not limited to,
on -shore support bases for off -shore exploration
activities, staging areas, transmission and/or
production pipelines, pipeline storage yards, and
other similar structures, activities, and improve-
ments related to petrochemical energy facility
development, exploration, or production. Hyde
County supports research and development of non -
fossil fuel alternatives for energy production."
the I
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SECTION II
OCRACOKE ISLAND
PROJECTED LAND DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS

A. PROJECTED POPULATION GROWTH AND RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
1. General Discussion
In this section, recent trends in Ocracoke's population growth
and housing development will be utilized to project population
growth and housing characteristics in the Village throughout the
five-year (to 1996) and 10-year (to 2001) planning periods. The
continuing year-round and seasonal migration into Ocracoke is
expected to have progressively greater impact on land use issues
throughout the next ten years. Tension already exists between
developers and residents of the Village who feel that development
1 is destroying the very aspects which make Ocracoke attractive and
unique.
2. Year -Round Population Projections
Based on Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) planning guide-
lines, population projections must be prepared for each CAMA land
use plan. The N. C. State Data Center does not prepare population
projections for unincorporated areas; therefore, these were calcu-
lated by Holland Consulting Planners, Inc., for 1996 and 2001.
The following table provides the 1960-1990 U. S. Census population
and projected 1996 and 2001 year-round populations for Ocracoke.
The projections presented are based on the assumption that the
documented growth rate of the 1980s will continue through the
1990s.
Table 19: Total Year -Round Population, with Projections
Through 2001 -- Ocracoke, 1960-2001
Population or
Projected* Numerical Percentage
Year Population Change Change
1960 475 -- --
1970 541 66 13.9%
1980 658 117 21.6%
1990 713 55 8.4%
1996* 749 36 5.0%
2001* 779 30 4.2%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
The year-round population of Ocracoke Village experienced a
slight growth rate of less than one percent annually between 1980
and 1990. This trend is expected to continue through 2001. The
1996 population is projected to reach 749 persons, and the 2001
population is projected to reach 779. While these projections may
appear to be low, it should be noted that these figures are for
year-round population. An observer on the island may get the
impression that development is occurring at a much faster pace.
It should be noted, however, that much of this development is for
seasonal housing units and commercial establishments. Due to the
II-1

rapidly increasing price of developable land in the Village, many
prospective year-round residents are being priced out of the
housing market by higher income retirees and investors. Also,
increasing opposition to further development by Village residents
should act as a braking mechanism and restrict development to
levels comparable to the 1980-90 rate. For these reasons, the
population projections for 1996 and 2001 are considered sound and I
realistic.
It is anticipated that the composition of Ocracoke Islands
permanent population will continue to display the trends of the
1980s throughout the ten-year planning period. The racial
composition should remain almost entirely white, and the female
population will continue to grow slightly faster than the male
population. The population will also continue to age throughout
the next ten years, with a significant. increase in the number of
retirees, slight increases in the number of school -age children,
and a continuing decline in the percentage of the population aged
19-34. These trends will result in a relatively stable demand for
school classroom space, and increased demand for geriatric -related
services and home -related services such as landscaping, housekeep-
ing and home maintenance services.
3. Seasonal Population
Table 20 shows projections of the peak seasonal population for
Ocracoke from 1990-2001. The table assumes that the average
annual growth rate of the seasonal population from 1990-2001 will
be the same as the 1980-90 rate. In all probability, factors such
as soils restrictions and local opposition to development that are
projected to limit permanent population growth on the island
during the next decade will also slow down seasonal population
growth. However, the impact of these factors is difficult'to
quantify, and the table below will serve as an indication of
,
possible maximum seasonal population growth until such time that
the number of seasonal units on the island is enumerated again.
It is important to note that the table below includes all
seasonal population, including population in private housing
units, motels, campgrounds, and marinas. Also, the total seasonal
private housing units enumerated in the 1991 island -wide housing
survey (422) was the figure used in calculating the 1990 seasonal
population figure.
'

Table 20: Relationship of Seasonal Permanent Population
Ocracoke Island, 1990-2001
% of Peak % of
Permanent Total Peak Seasonal Total Peak Total Peak Recreation
Year Population Population Population Population Population[1] Ratio[2]
1990 713 17.3% 3,404 82.7% 4,117 5.77
1996 749 11.3% 5,904 88.7% 6,653 8.88
2001 779 8.9% 7,990 91.1% 8,769 11.26
Percentage
Increase
1990-2001 9.3% - 134.7% - 112.9% 95.1%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
[1] "Total Peak Population" is the sum of permanent population and peak
seasonal population.
[2] "Recreation Ratio" is the ratio of peak population to permanent population.
4. Projected Housing Characteristics
Since the population analysis above indicated that Ocracoke's
seasonal population is expected to grow much faster than the
yearround population from 1990-2001, the development rate for
seasonal -private housing units is expected to be much higher than
the development rate for year-round units over the same period.
Table 21, below, was prepared using the ECU Seasonal Housing Study
cited previously, as well as population projections previously
discussed herein. For year-round housing units, it was assumed
that the vacancy rate will be the same in 2001 and 1990, and that
average year-round household size will decrease slightly from 2.6
persons in 1990 to 2.5 persons in 2001. For seasonal housing
units, it was assumed that the household size for private seasonal
units would be the same in 1990 and 2001 (4.5 persons per seasonal
household).
Table 21: Number and Percentage Increase of Year-round
and Seasonal Private Housing Units
Ocracoke Island, 1990-2001
Type of Unit Number of Units .Percentage Increase
1990 1996 2001 1990-2001
' Year-round Unit 307 330 353 15.0%
Seasonal Unit 422 684 860 103.8%
Total 729 11014 11213 66.4%
The table above indicates that the growth rate for seasonal
housing will continue to be higher than the growth rate for year-
round housing throughout the 1990s. More importantly, the
number of new seasonal units constructed annually will be
considerably higher than the number of permanent units constructed
annually during the late 1990s. Of the total 480+ new housing
units expected to be constructed through the year 2000, 90% are
anticipated to be seasonal.
II-3

B. PROJECTED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND
RELATED LAND USE ISSUES
It is impossible to provide detailed dependable forecasts of
economic activity for Ocracoke. First, detailed economic and
employment data does not exist for the island. Because Ocracoke
is not incorporated or recognized as a unit in the census,
detailed data is not available. Information must be extrapolated
from county -wide data. Table 22 provides an estimate of employ-
ment by industry sector through 2000. This data is based on
county -wide forecasts provided by the North Carolina Office of
Budget and Management. The forecasts may only be considered a
general indication and are not intended to be precise.
Table 22
Estimated Employment by Industry Sector
Ocracoke, 1990-2000
Occupation 1990 1995 2000
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining 48 57 57
Construction 53 62 69
Manufacturing (all nondurable goods,
i.e., food) 48 50 51
Transportation, communication, other
public utilities 29 30 31
Wholesale trade 7 8 8
Retail trade 61 67 77
Finance, insurance and real estate 14 16 19
Services 117 117 118
Public administration 40 40 40
Total Employed 417 447 470
Through the planning period, total full-time employment should
'
increase by 12.7 percent to 470. Commercial fishing, services,
construction, retail trade, and nondurable goods will continue to
be the major employers. However, -it is believed that the service
employment category may increase at a much greater rate than
indicated. These categories reflect the community's dependence on
tourism and resort/recreation stimulated development.
The following summarizes the factors which will affect the
Ocracoke economy during the planning period:
'
-- Most Ocracoke residents will continue to have multiple
sources of income, with many relying on commercial fishing
and tourist -related services to supplement primary sources
,
of income.
-- Increasing land values will serve as a stimulant for high
density development.
-- A rapidly expanding base of businesses will increase the
demand for government services. Solid waste disposal and
the overall management of sewage disposal will demand
detailed attention from the county.
F,
II-4

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"Cottage"
-- industries will continue to be an important
element of the Ocracoke economy. This will be important
to sustaining the overall historical significance and
fishing village atmosphere of Ocracoke.
-- Commercial fishing will continue to be vital to Ocracoke
residents and must be protected from increasing develop-
ment pressures.
-- Increasing property values are resulting in rapidly
increasing tax values. This is having a serious negative
impact on the ability of long-time Ocracoke residents to
pay the taxes and retain property.- It is believed that
this may be a major reason for the decline in the 19-34
and 55-64 age groups.
'
-- As economic activity increases, the provision of labor is
becoming more difficult. Service businesses with high
labor demand are finding it difficult to obtain a suffi-
cient number of employees. It would help if the mainland
labor base could be tapped. However, improved ferry ser-
vice, to include the possibility of a "high speed" pedes-
trian ferry, would have to be secured.
-- Ocracoke is increasingly dependent upon ferry service for
tourist accessibility. The possibility of shortening the
Ocracoke -mainland route should be pursued. However, it is
emphasized that increased accessibility will stimulate
more tourist activity which will lead to greater demands
for governmental services.
-- Increased economic activity will make the protection of
natural resources more difficult.
C. PUBLIC FACILITIES DEVELOPIMNT NEEDS AND LAND USE ISSUES
During the planning period, Ocracoke will be confronted with a
greater demand for services and public facilities than has ever
been encountered in Hyde County. The county must view Ocracoke as
an urban area in need of the complete range of urban services.
1. Water Supply
The provision of an adequate water supply will continue to be
a problem for the financially strapped Ocracoke Sanitary District.
In 1989-1990, the district was developing a waiting list for all
property owners who were going to need water service or increase
water usage within ten years. The development of adetailed waste
use study is needed. As stated in the existing land use section,
Ocracoke may be "built -out" within the planning period.
II-5

Current system capacity is 230,000 gallons per day. Total
peak population is forecast to increase by 112% to 8,769 in 2000.
A proportionate increase in water consumption would result in
annual consumption of 74,318,601 gallons. The existing system is
annually placed at its limits during July, August, September, and
the first half of October. Without the benefit of a precise
demand study, it may be assumed that system capacity will have to
double.
The system machinery was rebuilt in 1989/1990 and an emergency
generator was purchased. Thus, short term maintenance expense is
expected to be minimal. Long range maintenance will continue to
be a problem because of the harsh salt environment in which the
system has to operate.
2. Wastewater Treatment and Disposal
Wastewater treatment and disposal will continue to be an issue
in Ocracoke. The policies contained in this plan support con-
tinued reliance on septic tanks for sewage treatment with appro-
priate low density development. This would be strong justifica-
tion for a local land use control ordinance which will control
both density and location of land uses. It is believed that
public sewage would stimulate high density development. Such
development would overload the island's capacity for dealing with
storm water runoff and other urban related issues which could
adversely affect the environment.
3. Storm Drainage
The provision of adequate storm drainage on the island is a
serious problem. Everytime an impervious surface is constructed,
the island looses some of its capacity to retain storm water
runoff. Increasing amounts of fresh water are being dumped into
sensitive estuarine salt waters. A comprehensive storm water
management plan must be developed for Ocracoke and implemented/
enforced with a strong storm water management ordinance. This
should be a high priority for Hyde County and Ocracoke. Funding
through the Division of Coasatal Management will be sought.
4. Transportation
,
Highway improvements or programs to benefit Ocracoke are not
included in the North Carolina Department of Transportation
,
1991-1997 transportation improvement program. The 38.9 percent
increase in ferry passengers from 1981-1982 to 1990 is a clear
indicator of the increasing traffic and transportation demands
'
which are being placed on the island. A comprehensive transporta-
tion plan is required which will, at a minimum, address the
following:
'
-- Alternate routes to Silver Lake Road for ferry traffic
passing through Ocracoke.
-- Off-street parking in the Silver Lake area.
II-6

-- An alternate location for the mainland terminal of the
Hyde mainland -Ocracoke ferry route.
' -- The possible addition of "high-speed" pedestrian ferry
service.
-- Options to the present Oregon Inlet Bridge.
-- The impact on Ocracoke of increased or decreased ferry
service.
r-- Long range preservation of Highway 12 north of Ocracoke.
-- The dedication and improvement of non-public roads in
Ocracoke. Care must be taken in some locations not to
destroy the village's historic landscape.
' -- Replacement of the Oyster Creek area bridges.
-- Improvement of the Ocracoke Airport.
-- Establishment of a bus shuttle service between Ocracoke
Village and the ocean beach areas.
' While Ocracoke remains a small village, the transportation
issues facing its residents are complex. A comprehensive approach
' to transportation planning is a critical need.
5. Solid Waste Disposal
Solid waste disposal is a critical Ocracoke problem. While
Dare County currently provides service, there are no guarantees
for long-range collection of Ocracoke waste. In 1991, Dare County
was in the initial stages of planning for a new landfill to be
located on U.S. 64 approximately 1-1/2 miles west of the existing
landfill at East Lake. The new landfill will be constructed in
10-acre cells with a minimum life expectancy of 20 years. While
the new landfill may provide Dare•County the option of continuing
to provide Ocracoke service, Hyde County must pursue options for
the independent disposal of waste. In addition, the county's
recycling program must be supported by Ocracoke residents to
reduce the volume of disposable waste which is being generated.
If Dare County declined to continue to accept Ocracoke solid
' waste, Hyde County would be faced with a critical problem. A
comprehensive plan for the disposal of Ocracoke solid waste must
be developed which will define options available for waste
reduction and disposal.
6. Educational Facilities
The Ocracoke School is not at capacity. Population forecasts
during the planning period do not indicate any significant change
in the school age population. Other than routine maintenance,
major improvements to the educational facilities are not
anticipated.

7. Parks and Recreation
Hyde County should develop a specific plan for a year-round
comprehensive recreational program. Emphasis should be placed on
a ball field, community center, and youth -oriented programs. The
county supports the state's shoreline access program and reserves
the right to comment on the need for public shoreline access
facilities on Ocracoke Island on a case -by -case basis. Because of
the Cape Hatteras National Seashore, extensive outdoor recre-
ational opportunities exist.
8. Other County Facilities
As development, population and tourism increase, Hyde County ,
may have to consider the following:
-- Expanded health care facilities with full-time medical ,
care, to include a dentist.
-- Emergency helicopter service.
-- Community center building.
These needs must be monitored annually, and appropriate fiscal ,
and administrative support provided by Hyde County.
D. REDEVELOPMENT ISSUES 1
There are two redevelopment issues facing Ocracoke. The first
is reconstruction following damage resulting from a major storm.
This issue is addressed in the post -disaster reconstruction
policies section of this plan. Any post -disaster reconstruction
effort must recognize the need to preserve Ocracoke's historic
'
properties and landscape. Therefore, the post -disaster plan
provides for the implementation of a construction moratorium on
the island.
The second major redevelopment issue facing Ocracoke is the
demolition of existing structures to allow for construction of new
structures at higher densities. While the Ocracoke Development
Ordinance has helped regulate such activity, increasing land
values will add pressure for clearance and redevelopment.
Extensive new construction would ruin the historic/architectural
,
significance of the village. The attendant increase in density
would mean more traffic, roads, and septic system failures.
Demands for police, fire, medical, utilities and other services
would increase. In short, there would be a major adverse impact'
on Ocracoke's life style.
i�
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' SECTION III
' OCRACOKE ISLAND
' RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES AND LAND CLASSIFICATIONS
1
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SECTION III: RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES AND LAND CLASSIFICATIONS
' As required by 15A NCAC 7B planning guidelines, the Hyde County
land use plan must relate the Ocracoke policies section to the
' Ocracoke land classification map, and provide some indication as to
which land uses are appropriate in each land classification. The
Ocracoke development ordinance is consistent with the land classi-
fication map, Map 4, and the policies contained in this plan.
A. DEVELOPED CLASS
Development will continue through the planning period with
"build -out" expected to occur by 2000. The entire island will
require full urban services to accommodate the following land uses:
' single and multi -family residential, commercial, parks and open
space, transportation, and community facilities. While industrial
development will not be allowed on Ocracoke, commercial fishing and
support activities and traditional "cottage industries" will be
allowed. Urban services will include police protection, fire pro-
tection, medical care, emergency medical services, water service,
transportation, and appropriate administrative support. The poli-
cies contained in Section IV call for the adoption of local ordi-
nances and amendments to the Ocracoke Development Ordinance which
will restrict fill, density, package treatment plant construction,
' stormwater runoff, and vegetation removal in all areas classified
as developed.
B. CONSERVATION CLASS
The conservation class is designated to provide for effective
long-term management of significant limited or irreplaceable areas
which include Areas of Environmental Concern. Specifically, the
conservation class includes coastal wetlands, 404 wetlands, estu-
arine shorelines, and estuarine and public trust waters. These
conservation areas are described in the Fragile Areas section on
page I-23 and specifically defined as land classifications in
Section V. Development in the estuarine system will be restricted
to uses which satisfy the more restrictive requirements of the
' policies contained in this plan or the 15A NCAC 7H use standards.
The conservation class policies and standards included in this plan
are more restrictive than the 15A NCAC 7H use standards in the
following areas: floating structures, marina development, estu-
arine shoreline development, coastal wetland development, and uses
in estuarine and public trust waters.
SC . SUMMARY
While the Ocracoke Development Ordinance does not conflict with
the policies contained in this plan, amendment to the ordinance
will be necessary to fully implement the plants policies. In addi-
tion, the following regulatory controls will be required to accom-
plish implementation of all of the policies contained in this plan:
subdivision ordinance, vegetation removal ordinance, storm water
control ordinance, and zoning ordinance.
III-1

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SECTION IV
OCRACOKE ISLAND
POLICY STATEMENTS

A. INTRODUCTION TO OCRACOXE POLICY STATEMENTS
The previous sections of this plan identify a number of areas
P P Y
of concern dealing with growth, development, and the environment.
' The plan also discusses many opportunities and assets which exist
on Ocracoke. This section provides policies designed to address
growth management and protect Ocracoke's assets. Separate policy
statements are provided for Ocracoke and the Hyde County mainland.
The Ocracoke policy statements should address the desires and
objectives of the citizens of Ocracoke, and respond to the policy
statement requirements of the Coastal Resources Commission as
defined by 15A NCAC 7B.
The policy statements are extremely important and have a
day-to-day impact on businesses and individual citizens within the
county. The statements have an impact in three areas:
-- CAMA minor and major permitting as required by N.C.G.S. -
113A-118 prior to undertaking any development in any area
of environmental concern.
-- Establishment of local planning policy.
-- Review of proposed projects requiring state or federal
assistance or approval to determine consistency with local
policies.
For the issuance of CAMA permits within areas of environmental
concern, the state defines minimum acceptable use standards which
are defined by 15A NCAC 7H. A local unit of government must adopt
policies which are, at a minimum, equal to and consistent with the
state's minimum use standards. A local unit of government may
adopt policies which are more stringent than the minimum use
' standards. For example, the state standards allow marinas to be
located within estuarine waters if some minimum conditions are met.
A local government may adopt a policy stating that marinas will not
be permitted within estuarine waters, or allowed only if some addi-
tional local policies are met. If this were to occur, a CAMA per-
mit for marina construction in estuarine waters would not be
issued, or issued only if all local policies are satisfied. IT
' IS CRUCIAL THAT A LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF ITS
POLICIES WITHIN AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN.
' The second area of land use plan application is that of
establishing policies to guide the jurisdiction's local planning.
This may apply both within areas of environmental concern where
CAMA regulations apply and in non-CAMA regulated areas of the
county. Non-CAMA-related recommendations must be implemented with
local land use ordinances such as zoning, development, or subdivi-
sion ordinances. If a land use plan recommends that the average
' residential density should be three dwelling units per acre
IV-1

within a particular area, then that density must be achieved
'
through local regulatory controls. (This should not be confused
with the interaction of the land use plan with the CAMA regulations
and 15A NCAC 7H use standards).
'
The final area of application is that of "Consistency Review".
Proposals and applications for state and federal assistance or
requests for agency approval of projects are normally reviewed
'
against a jurisdiction's land use plan to determine if the project
is consistent with local policies. Inconsistencies of a project
with local policies could serve as grounds for denial or revision
of a project. For example, an individual or agency may request
state approval to construct a nursing home/health care facility.
If the proposed location of the project is within an area in which
the land use plan does not allow such a facility, the project may
be judged to be inconsistent with the local land use plan.
In 1977, Executive Order Number 15 was issued by the Governor
'
to encourage state agency cooperation with and support of the CAMA
program. A copy is attached as Appendix II.
,
The Coastal Resources Commission requires all governments to
specify stated development policies under each one of five broad
topics. These topics include:
'
-- Resource Protection
-- Resource Production and Management '
-- Economic and Community Development
-- Continuing Public Participation
-- Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery, and
Evacuation Plans
Based on the analysis of existing conditions and trends,
suggestions from Ocracoke's citizens, and substantial input and
guidance from the Ocracoke Village Land Use Planning Advisory Com-
mittee, the policies in the following section have been formulated
to,provide guides for regulating growth, development, and resource '
management throughout the planning period in each separate area.
Through a grant provided by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the
North Carolina Coastal Federation also provided significant assis-
tance in the development of the plan in general, and the policy
statements in particular. In developing the policies contained
herein, alternatives provided by the North Carolina Coastal '
Federation were considered by the Advisory Committee. The alter-
natives which were not adopted or were revised prior to incorpo-
ration into the plan are included as Appendix I.
L
IV-2 1

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1
OCRACOKE VILLAGE POLICY STATEMENTS
B. RESOURCE PROTECTION POLICY STATEMENTS
Inconsistent enforcement of environmental regulations has been
a problem that many residents of Ocracoke have observed. Public
participation in the review of permit applications is an important
component of permit evaluation. Legal notices in newspapers are
not an effective way of informing the public about a permit appli-
cation. Therefore, Hyde County requests that in Ocracoke, a tempo-
rary sign (of large enough size to be easily read from the nearest
public street or waterway) be posted at the location of the pro-
posed development stating that an application, a modification of an
application for a permit, or an application to modify a previously
issued permit has been made, where the application or modification
may be inspected, and the time period for comments. In addition,
Hyde County requests that both the Hyde County Manager's office in
Swan Quarter and the Ocracoke Sanitary District be notified in
writing of all applications for both major and minor CAMA permits.
Hyde County requests that on Ocracoke Island, any modification
of a permit application accepted by the N.C. Division of Coastal
Management, including the scaling down of a proposed project, shall
require a new legal notice. In addition, any CAMA permit appli-
cation for a project on Ocracoke that requires permit conditions
placing additional restrictions on the project shall have public
notice of the modifications proposed to solve the unacceptable
aspects of the project. In such cases, the permit application
shall be either: (a) modified with public notice and opportunity
to comment, or (b) denied and treated as a new application with
appropriate public notice.*
PHYSICAL LIMITATIONS
Soils: To mitigate existing septic tank problems and other
restrictions on development posed by soil limitations, Hyde County
will:
(a) Enforce, through the Ocracoke Development Ordinance and Hyde
County Building Code, all current regulations of the
N.C. State Building Code and North Carolina Division of Health
Services relating to building construction and septic tank
installation/replacement in areas with soils restrictions.
(b) Coordinate all development activity with appropriate county
and state regulatory personnel, and in particular, with the
Hyde County Building Inspector and Sanitarian.
*Please
be fully advised
that existing statute dictates the process that CAMA
permit
applications must
follow, including public notice. Statutory authority
simply
does not provide
for deviation. The residents of Ocracoke and Hyde County
'
government have the same
opportunity to participate in application reviews as
do any
other citizens or
government of a coastal local government.
IV-3

(c) In Ocracoke Village, Hyde County opposes the installation of
package treatment plants and septic tanks or discharge of ,
waste in any areas classified as coastal wetlands or 404
wetlands.
(d) Hyde County will insist that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
provide stringent regulation/enforcement of the 404 wetlands
permit process in Ocracoke Village.. Within 404 wetlands, the
only development will be docks, piers, pilings and pedestrian
walkways as allowed by this plan.
(e) Septic tank placement must comply with state health regula-
tions as enforced by the county sanitarian. Except for public
facilities, no new septic tank system installed on Ocracoke
shall exceed a capacity of 1,500 gallons. The installation of
multiple septic tanks to circumvent this policy shall not be
allowed. Outside of Areas of Environmental Concern, this
policy will have to be implemented through local land use
regulations.
(f) In Ocracoke Village, Hyde County opposes
the suspension of
septic holding tanks below houses which
are located in
,
estuarine shoreline areas.
Flood Hazard Areas:
'
(a) Hyde County will continue to coordinate
all development within
flood hazard areas with the Hyde County
Inspections Depart-
ment, North Carolina Division of Coastal
Management, FEMA, and
'
the U.S. Corps of Engineers.
(b) Hyde County will continue to enforce the
Ocracoke Development
i
Ordinance, and follow the storm hazard mitigation plan con-
tained herein.
'
Groundwater/Protection of Potable Water Supplies:
(a) It is the policy of Hyde County to conserve its surficial
groundwater resources by supporting CAMA and N.C. Division of
'
Environmental Management stormwater run-off regulations, and
by coordinating local development activities involving chem-
ical storage or underground storage tank installation/abandon-
ment with Hyde County Emergency Management personnel and the
Groundwater Section of the North Carolina Division of Environ-
mental Management. The Ocracoke Sanitary District will plan
for an adequate long-range water supply. Public and private
water conservation efforts will be encouraged.
(b) The Ocracoke Sanitary District will encourage and support
water conservation efforts. Motels and rental units will be
encouraged to post notices encouraging water conservation by
tourists.
IV-4 I

Manmade Hazards:
' (a) Hyde County will support the technical requirements and state
program approval for underground storage tanks (40 CFR, Parts
280 and 281), until such time as the State Division of Envi-
ronmental Management is authorized to regulate underground
storage tanks under North Carolina state law.
(b) Hyde County supports the following aircraft operations stan-
dards which were adopted by the Coastal Resources Commission
on December 1, 1989, and were effective March 1, 1990:
n
1
1. Minimum Altitudes
No development involving airspace activity shall be allowed
in any AEC which would result in violation of minimum alti-
tude standards adopted by the Federal Aviation Administra-
tion and codified at 14 CFR Part 91.79. Future amendments
by the Federal Aviation Administration shall be deemed to
be incorporated into this rule pursuant to G.S. 150B-14(c)
unless the Commission objects within 90 days of publication
of the action in the Federal Register. Upon objection by
the Commission to a change, the Commission shall initiate
rule -making proceedings on incorporation of the amendment
into this rule. The amendment will not be incorporated
into this rule pending a rule -making hearing and final
action by the Commission on the proposed amendment.
2. Noise Pollution
Except as required for safe aircraft takeoff and landing
operations, airspace activity associated with coastal
development shall not impose an increase in average noise
exceeding 10 dBA above background levels. Noise measure-
ments shall be normalized Ldn as set forth by the Environ-
mental Protection Agency in its report 550/9-74-004
entitled Information on Levels of Environmental Noise
Recruisite to Protect the Public Health and Welfare with an
Adequate Margin of Safety. The maximum noise level associ-
ated with any single event shall not exceed 85 dBA. These
limits shall not apply where noise impacts are confined to
surface areas owned or controlled by the project's propo-
nent. Any noise monitoring required to ensure compliance
with this rule shall be the responsibility of the
proponent.
3. Policies on Use of Coastal Airspace
-- Declaration of General Policy
It is hereby declared that the use of aircraft by state,
federal and local government agencies for purposes of
managing and protecting coastal resources, detecting
violations of environmental laws and regulations, and
IV-5

1
performing other functions related to the public health,
safety and welfare serves a vital public interest. The
Commission further finds that future economic development
in the coastal area and orderly management of such develop-
ment requires air access to and among coastal communities.
-- Policy Statements
a) It is the policy of the State of North Carolina that
access corridors free of special use airspace desig-
nations shall be preserved along the length of the
barrier islands and laterally at intervals not to
exceed 25 miles to provide unobstructed access both
along the coastline and from inland areas to the coast.
Such access corridors shall extend from the surface to
an altitude of 6000 feet above sea level except where
communication and radar services allow positive air-
craft control at lower altitudes.
b) Development of aviation -related projects and associated
airspace management practices shall, to the maximum
extent practicable, facilitate use of aircraft by
local, state and federal government agencies for pur-
poses of resource management, law enforcement and other
activities related to the public health, safety and
welfare. In.any case, access to restricted areas shall
be provided on a periodic basis for routine enforcement
flights, and access shall be provided on an emergency
basis when required to respond to an immediate threat
to public health and safety.
4. Policies on Water and Wetland Based Ta
Military Training Activities
-- Declaration of General Policy
'et Areas for
The use of water and wetland -based target areas for mili-
tary training purposes may result in adverse impacts on
coastal resources and on the exercise of public trust
rights. The public interest requires that, to the maximum
extent practicable, use of such targets not infringe on
public trust rights, cause damage to public trust
resources, violate existing water quality standards, or
result in public safety hazards.
Policy Statements
a) It is the policy of the State of North Carolina that
all public trust waters subject to surface water
restrictions pursuant to 33 USCS 3 for use in military
training shall be opened to commercial 'fithing at
established times appropriate for harvest of the
fisheries resources within those areas.
1
1
L
IV-6

b) Where laser weaponry is used, the area of restricted
surface waters shall be at least as large as the recom-
mended laser safety zone.
c) Water quality shall be tested periodically in the sur-
face water restricted areas surrounding such targets
and results of such testing shall be reported to the
department.
'
(c)
With the exception of bulk fuel storage tanks used for retail
and wholesale sales, public power generation, and individual
heating fuel storage tanks, Hyde County opposes the bulk
storage of manmade hazardous materials as defined by the
Environmental Protection Agency in Ocracoke Village.
'
Stormwater Runoff:
(a)
Hyde County recognizes the value of water quality maintenance
to the protection of fragile areas and to the provision of
'
clean water for recreational purposes. The county will
support existing state regulations relating to stormwater
runoff resulting from development (Stormwater Disposal Policy
15 NCAC 2H.001-.1003).
(b)
In Ocracoke Village, no storm drains, drainage ditches or
mosquito ditches shall be constructed which discharge directly
'
into estuarine waters, public trust waters, or estuarine
shorelines. Some form of water retention area or settling
basins must be provided. Discharge into coastal wetlands is
'
considered acceptable if associated construction and develop-
ment does not damage coastal wetland areas.
(c)
Hyde County supports the development of an in-depth study to
assess the effect of mosquito and other manmade ditches on the
estuarine system.
(d)
To aid in eliminating standing water, Hyde County will pursue
the development of an Ocracoke stormwater control ordinance.
Cultural/Historic Resources:
(a)
Hyde County shall revise the Ocracoke Development Ordinance to
require coordination of redevelopment in Ocracoke Village with
the N.C. Division of Archives and History, to ensure that any
significant architectural details or buildings are identified
'
and preserved.
(b)
Hyde County will coordinate all county public works projects
with the N.C. Division of Archives and History, to ensure the
identification and preservation of significant archaeological
sites.
IV-7

(c) Hyde County may pursue the development of a historic preser-
vation district for Ocracoke. An independent historic
district ordinance will be developed, or historic preservation
regulations incorporated into the Ocracoke Development Ordi-
nance. This would be a locally designated historic
preservation district with a zoning overlay. The county will
request that a representative of the Division of Archives and
History be assigned to work with Ocracoke in the development
of controls. Historic preservation controls should comply
with North Carolina General Statutes and contain the following
sections:
'
1. Appointment and tenure of members, composition, atten-
dance, rules of procedure, and design guidelines.
2. Authority and powers of the historic district commission,
certificate of appropriateness required, commission's
review of applications for certificates of appropriate-
'
ness, public meetings, and the commission's authority to
act as advisors to owners of properties.
'
3. Application requirements and procedures for certificate of
appropriateness, pre -application review, final appli-
cation.
'
4. Design review process for certificate of appropriateness.
5. Certificate of appropriateness for demolition of struc-
tures in the historic district. Note that demolitions
cannot be denied, but may be delayed for a designated
period of time to enable the commission to find a means of
preserving the structure.
(d) Until such time as an Historic Commission may be established, ,
the Ocracoke Preservation Society, Inc., should be notified by
the Hyde County building inspector of any proposals to
demolish buildings.
Industrial Impacts on Fragile Areas: Except for commercial fishing
and fish processing, no industrial development of any type shall be
located in Ocracoke Village. This policy shall be enforced in non -
AEC areas by the Ocracoke Development Ordinance. This policy shall
not be construed to prohibit commercial fishing and associated
businesses or traditional cottage industries.
MISCELLANEOUS RESOURCE PROTECTION
Sewage Treatment and Package Treatment Plant Use: Degradation of
water quality in estuarine waters is already occurring according to
bacteriological data collected by the N.C. Division of Health Ser-
vices.. Reasons for deteriorating water quality include poor soils,
high water tables, frequent flooding, small lots, high density
development, and a harsh salt environment. Furthermore, Ocracoke's
isolated location makes it impossible to enforce adequate operation '
IV-8

and
maintenance of mechanical sewage treatment facilities. To
insure adequate sewage treatment, Ocracoke has developed the
following policy statements:
(a)
Septic Tanks: Septic tank placement must comply with state
health regulations as enforced by the county sanitarian. In
addition, no new septic tank system installed on Ocracoke
shall exceed a capacity of 1,500 gallons. Outside of Areas of
Environmental Concern, this policy will have to be implemented
through local land use regulations.
(b)
Package Treatment Plants: Except for publicly -owned package
treatment plants which serve public facilities, no new or
expanded privately owned and operated sewage treatment plants
shall be allowed in Ocracoke. State approved publicly owned
'
and operated package treatment plants will be allowed to serve
facilities.
essential public
(c)
Individual Aerobic Treatment Plants: No individual aerobic
'
treatment plants shall be allowed in Ocracoke unless all of
the following conditions are met:
1. A certified operator is provided by the county in
'
accordance with state regulations for individual aerobic
systems;
'
2. The plant is correcting an existing sewage disposal system
that is causing or contributing to water quality degrada-
tion or public health threats;
3. The aerobic system is designed with a pretreatment chamber
and other measures so that during a power failure or
startup after a period of idleness, it will function as a
conventional septic tank system, including compliance with
the requirements for septic tank capacity, and to the
extent possible, compliance with the setbacks and vertical
'
separations for a conventional system.
(d)
Private Sewage Utilities: No private sewage utilities shall
'
be allowed on Ocracoke.
(e)
Public Sewage Systems: Growth and development consistent with
'
this land use plan can be obtained with properly designed
individual septic tank systems. The provision of public
sewage in Ocracoke would result in higher development density
that would increase stormwater runoff and generally contribute
'
to development in excess of the island's carrying capacity.
'
In addition, there is no adequate location on or off of
'
Ocracoke Island to dispose of sewage from a central system.
Therefore, development of a public sewer system is not appro-
priate for -Ocracoke Village. Malfunctioning septic tanks
should be inspected by the Hyde County Health Department and
corrective action recommended for implementation by the
owner.
IV-9

Marina and Floating Home Development: Marinas are considered to be
'
any publicly or privately owned dock constructed to accommodate
five or more boats, and as otherwise defined by 15A NCAC 7H-
.0208(b)(5). Docks and piers shall provide slips for four or less
boats, and as otherwise defined by 15A NCAC 7H.0208(b)(6). Hyde
County will enforce the following policies to govern floating homes
and marina development in Ocracoke:
'
(a) Hyde County opposes the permanent (longer than 15 days)
location of floating structures in Ocracoke in all marinas,
primary nursery areas, outstanding resource waters, public
'
trust areas, and estuarine waters. Floating structures are
defined as any structure or vessel used, designed, and
occupied as a permanent dwelling unit, business, office, or
source of any occupation or any private or social club, which
floating structure or vessel is primarily immobile and out of
navigation or which functions substantially as a land struc-
ture while moored or docked on waters within county juris-
diction. Floating structures shall not be used commercially
or inhabited for more than 15 days. No more than one 15-day
period per vessel per year should be allowed. For this policy
,
to be effectively enforced, a specific local ordinance must be
adopted.
'
(b) No new construction or expansion of existing open water or
upland marinas of any kind shall be allowed anywhere in
Ocracoke Village.
t
(c) All existing marina facilities shall be required to install
pump -out facilities if a permit for maintenance or recon-
struction is requested.
(d) All docks and piers shall be constructed so that the bottom of
the structure supporting the dock/pier decking shall be a
minimum of three vertical feet above the elevation of the mean
high water mark. In addition, the construction of all docks
and piers shall minimize or eliminate adverse effects on
'
coastal wetlands and subaquatic vegetation.
(e) Existing marinas, docks and piers may be reconstructed to
their prior size, including number of slips, so long as
,
policy (c), page IV-10 of this plan, and all other state and
federal regulations are satisfied and met when reconstruction
occurs.
,
(f) New docks and piers shall not extend more than 150 feet from
mean high water into Pamlico Sound. In Silver Lake, a dock
'
shall not extend: (1) more than 150 feet, or (2) more than
the established pier length as determined by the average
length of the two piers on either side of the proposed dock,
whichever is the shortest length. Only one dock or one dock
per 75 continuous linear feet of shoreline frontage shall be
built on each parcel of property. It is not appropriate to
create new parcels of property primarily for the purpose of
'
allowing a location for construction of a new dock.
IV-10

(g) Hyde County opposes the construction of any drystack storage
facilities in Ocracoke Village.
Development of Sound and Estuarine Islands: Within one mile of
Ocracoke Island, Hyde County opposes any construction on sound or
estuarine islands.
404 Wetlands: 404 wetlands on Ocracoke Island serve to recharge
the water table, reduce stormwater runoff, and provide wildlife
habitat. No construction on (pile supported or otherwise) or
filling, excavating or draining of any 404 wetland on Ocracoke
Island will be allowed. The Ocracoke Development Ordinance will be -
amended to regulate construction, fill, evacuation and drainage in
404 wetland areas.
Ocean Hazard AECs: All ocean hazard AECs are located on the ocean
side of Ocracoke Island, which is under federal control as part of
the Cape Hatteras National Seashore. State and federal agencies
are requested to comply with specific use standards for ocean
shoreline erosion control activities as specified in 15A NCAC 7H
.0308 dated March 1, 1990.
Estuarine Shorelines: The quality of water in Silver Lake, the
canals, and portions of Pamlico Sound surrounding Ocracoke are
currently being degraded by shoreline development. Ocracoke recog-
nizes that land uses within the estuarine shoreline, which is
defined as the area extending 75 feet landward of the mean high
waterline of the estuarine waters, could have a substantial effect
' upon the quality of these waters. Therefore, Ocracoke adopts the
following policies in regard to the estuarine shoreline AEC:
(a) Setback: The top priority of Ocracoke is for the 75 foot
estuarine shoreline AEC to be maintained in its natural state.
No clear cutting of vegetation, or filling or draining of wet-
lands, shall occur within the estuarine shoreline AEC. Land
uses associated with water dependent activities that are con-
sistent with this section shall be allowed in the estuarine
shoreline AEC. The following are considered water'dependent
activities:
1) Reconstruction of marinas as allowed by the policies of
this plan.
2) Docks and piers as allowed by the policies of this
plan.
3) Boat ramps as allowed by the policies of this plan.
4) Reconstruction of structures on existing footprint.
5) Net houses as defined by the Ocracoke. Development
Ordinance.
6) Recreational and commercial fishing and aquaculture
which are consistent with all federal and state
regulations.
' 7) Publicly -owned regulatory signage.
Lots platted and registered in the Hyde County Courthouse before
May 29, 1992, the date of certification of this plan by the Coastal
' Resources Commission, which would be made unbuildable by
IV-11

enforcement of this section, shall be exempt from this policy.
'
This policy shall not prohibit bulkheads as allowed by the
other policies contained in this plan.
(b) Bulkhead Construction: Preferred shoreline erosion control
measures shall be the planting of natural vegetation and relo-
cation of structures. Shoreline erosion control structures
will result in the immediate or eventual loss of coastal wet-
lands, and can cause adverse impacts on the value and enjoy-
ment of adjacent properties or public access to and use of the
estuarine beach. Such shoreline erosion control structures
include, but are not limited to, wooden bulkheads; sea walls;
rock or rubble revetments; wooden, metal, concrete or rock
jetties; ground and breakwaters; concrete filled sandbags and
tire structures. Before such structures can be placed in the
estuarine shoreline AEC or in the.estuarine water AEC, it must
be determined through the permitting process that the proposed
structure is consistent with this section. An erosion control
structure is consistent with this section when: (1) a building
is in immediate danger of being damaged by erosion, (2)
relocation of the building would impose a severe hardship on
its owner, (3) adjacent property will not be damaged by the
erosion control structure, (4) it protects property from the
adverse effects of sea level rise, and (5) public trust rights
will not be significantly violated.
NOTE: These estuarine shoreline policies shall not apply to
manmade canals and ditches.
Maritime Vegetation and Forests: Natural vegetation in Ocracoke
Village helps to lower the water table. This reduces flooding and
stormwater runoff, and serves to stabilize the island. Hyde County
considers all undeveloped parcels over two acres in size to be
important natural areas. To maintain the maritime vegetation on
Ocracoke Island, Hyde County will develop and adopt a local
ordinance designed to regulate the removal of natural vegetation.
Coastal Wetlands: A top priority of Ocracoke is to preserve
coastal wetlands. These wetlands are important to the maintenance
of the water quality of the estuarine waters and afford protective
habitat and nursery areas in the life cycles of fish, crabs and
shellfish. They also provide an important habitat for many
different shorebirds. Another priority of Ocracoke is to allow
uses of coastal wetlands which require water access and which are
consistent with other policy statements in this section. Any
proposed land uses in coastal wetlands must demonstrate that the
proposed project requires water access and that there is no alter-
'
native location with less impact on wetlands. Only the following
development shall be allowed in coastal wetlands:
(a) 1YecOnstruction of marinas consistent with the policies of this
plan.
(b) Docks and piers consistent with the policies of this plan. I
IV-12 I

(c) Shoreline access facilities, including boat ramps, consistent
with the policies of this plan.
(d) Development associated with commercial fishing functions and
aquaculture which is consistent with the policies of this
plan.
(e) Net houses as defined by the Ocracoke Development Ordinance.
(f) Reconstruction of structures for prior use on existing
footprint and not beyond prior size.
(g) All signs, except publicly -owned regulatory signs, shall be
prohibited in coastal wetlands.
Estuarine Waters and Public Trust Areas: Bacteriological data
collected by the Shellfish Sanitation Program of the North Carolina
Division of Health Services has resulted in the closure of shell-
fish waters in Silver Lake and in the canals and tributaries from
the shore area north of Ocracoke Village. Hyde County desires to
r prevent further deterioration of estuarine water quality and loss
of public trust uses in Ocracoke. A second concern is to restore
degraded water quality and lost uses of public trust areas. Hyde
County desires to allow uses of estuarine waters and public trust
areas in Ocracoke that provide public benefits to Ocracoke Village,
and which satisfy riparian access needs of private property owners.
Only the following uses shall be allowed in estuarine water and
public trust areas; all other uses shall be prohibited.
(a) Reconstruction of marinas as allowed by the policies of this
plan.
(b) Docks and piers as allowed by the policies of this plan.
(c) Boat ramps as allowed by the policies of this plan.
(d) Reconstruction of structures on existing footprint.
(e) Net houses as defined by the Ocracoke Development Ordinance.
(f) Recreational and commercial fishing and aquaculture which are
consistent with all federal and state regulations.
(g) Publicly -owned regulatory signage.
Sea Level Rise: Hyde County recognizes the uncertainties associ-
ated with sea level rise. Although the rate of rise is difficult
to predict, Hyde County will implement the following policies in
Ocracoke:
(a) Hyde County will cooperate with local, state, and federal
efforts to inform the public of the anticipated effects of sea
level rise.
(b) Hyde County will allow migrating shorelines in Ocracoke
coastal wetland areas in order to preserve coastal wetlands.
(c) Hyde County will monitor sea level rise and consider estab-
lishing setback standards, density controls, bulkhead restric-
tions, buffer vegetation protection requirements, and building
designs through the Ocracoke Development Ordinance and Hyde
County Building Code which will facilitate the movement of
1 structures.
I IV-13

C. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES
'
RECREATION RESOURCES
(a) All lands classified as coastal wetlands, 404 wetlands, estu-
arine waters, and public trust areas are considered valuable
passive recreation areas. In addition, the remaining 404
wetlands are essential to the village in their natural state
because they provide nature's solution to the stormwater run-
off problem. Loss of 404 wetland areas increases the threat
of damage to estuarine and public trust waters resulting from
freshwater runoff. Except as otherwise provided for in these
policy statements, these areas will be protected in their
natural state, and development will not be allowed except for
public shoreline access including dune crossover structures
and boardwalks in ocean hazard areas. Appropriate imple-
menting provisions for these policies should be incorporated
into the Ocracoke Development Ordinance.
(b) The National Park Service provides an extremely important
recreational resource to Ocracoke and the nation. The
National Seashore is vital to the economy of Ocracoke. There
exists a high degree of interdependence between Ocracoke and
the Park Service with a high degree of cooperation. In keep-
ing with this spirit of cooperation, Hyde County adopts the
following policies in regard to the Cape Hatteras National
Seashore:
1. The National Park Service is invited to designate a non-
voting representative to attend meetings of the Ocracoke
Land Use Planning Committee.
2. Pump Out Facility at NPS Marina: A sewage pump out facil-
ity for boats is needed at the National Park Service
marina.
3. Adopt a Highway Signs: To avoid having the National Sea-
shore and N.C. 12 littered with signs, adopt -a -highway
signs should not be placed in the National Seashore or
anywhere along N.C. 12. However, non-profit organizations
and businesses will be encouraged by the county to con-
tinue to adopt segments of the highway without the posting
of a sign.
4. Park Planning: The Hyde County Commissioner who repre-
sents Ocracoke should be asked by the National Park
Service to appoint non -voting representatives to com-
mittees engaged in long-range planning for the Seashore.
5. Hyde County requests that the National Park Service not
issue any comm
ercial leases or permits for retail sales
and food concessions on National Park Service property.
.1
IV-14 I

Productive Agricultural Lands: There are no productive agri-
cultural lands on Ocracoke Island.
Aquaculture Activities: Aquaculture is considered the cultivation
of aquatic plants and animals under controlled conditions. The
following policy shall apply:
(a) Hyde County encourages all aquaculture activities which meet
aplicable federal, state and local policies -(see Aquaculture
policies b and c) and permit requirements. However, Hyde
County reserves the right to comment through established
avenues on all aquaculture activities which require Division
of Environmental Management permitting.
(b) Hyde County objects to any discharge of water from aquaculture
activities that will degrade in any way the receiving waters.
Hyde County objects to withdrawing water from aquifers or
surface sources if such withdrawal will endanger water quality
or water supply from the aquifers or surface sources.
(c) Hyde County will support only aquaculture activities which do
not alter significantly and negatively the natural environment
of coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, public trust areas, and
fresh water wetlands.
Productive Forest Lands: There are no productive forest lands on
Ocracoke Island.
Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Development Impacts on
Resources:
(a) Except for businesses related to commercial fishing and tradi-
tional cottage industries, no industrial development shall be
allowed on Ocracoke Island. This policy also should be
supported through adoption of an Ocracoke zoning ordinance.
(b) All residential and commercial development on Ocracoke Island
shall be consistent with the Ocracoke Development Ordinance.
(c) Residential, commercial, and industrial development will not
be allowed in areas classified as coastal wetlands or 404
wetlands. This policy should also be supported through
adoption of an Ocracoke zoning ordinance.
(d) Except for publicly -owned package treatment plants for
.essential public facilities, Hyde County opposes any
additional point source discharges of treated sewage or waste
into coastal wetlands, 404 wetlands, estuarine waters or
public trust areas. This does not apply to storm drains,
drainage ditches, or mosquito ditches which are addressed in
Stormwater Runoff: (b) on page IV-7.
IV-15

Marine Resource Areas:
(a) Hyde County opposes the construction of navigation channels
and canals through coastal wetlands on Ocracoke Island.
(b) Unless essential for mosquito and vector control, new drainage
ditches shall not be constructed which discharge into coastal
wetlands, estuarine waters and public trust areas. Existing
drainage ditches may be maintained but not increased in depth
or width. '
(c) Hyde County reserves the right to review and comment through
established avenues on individual questions concerning
trawling and other commercial and marine fisheries issues.
(d) Commercial and recreational fisheries are vital to the economy
and heritage of Ocracoke. Through implementation of policy
statements contained in the section, Ocracoke is doing its
part to protect our fishery resources. It is the policy of
Hyde County to encourage fishing related economic opportuni-
ties which provide potential for employment for island
residents.
(e) Hyde County supports the perpetual designation by the
Environmental Management Commission of Silver Lake as SA
classified waters.
Off -Road Vehicles: Outside of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore,
Hyde County supports the responsible use of off -road vehicles on
Ocracoke Island.
Peat or Phosphate Mining: There are no peat or phosphate deposits
located on Ocracoke Island. A policy is not required.
'
D. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT POLICIES
The land development issues involving economic and community devel-
opment in Ocracoke are very different from mainland Hyde County.
Major factors such as the economic base of the Village, its land
development pattern and density, and overall increasing population
growth rate, are all responsible for this difference. For this
reason, Hyde County will continue to update and strengthen the
Ocracoke Development Ordinance to reflect policy statements in this
land use plan. Issues relevant to economic and community develop-
ment and policy statements are discussed below:
Water:
(a) Hyde County will continue to work with the Ocracoke Sanitary
District to supply safe drinking water to everyone in
Ocracoke.
IV-16 1

(b) Water systems must be constructed with lines designed and
sized for adequate fire protection and sufficient water
pressure. Hyde County should consider adoption of an Ocracoke
subdivision ordinance to ensure adequate water system design
standards.
(c) Hyde County will establish a policy requiring water conserving
plumbing fixtures in all new construction on Ocracoke Island.
Implementation of this policy will require adoption of a local
ordinance.
(d) Hyde County will oppose the construction of large commercial
.water users on Ocracoke Island which rely on public water
supply. This policy should also be implemented through the
adoption of local ordinances designed to regulate water
consumption.
Sewer: Policy statements regarding sewer are included in the
Resource Protection section of this land use plan.
Solid Waste Disposal:
(a)
Throughout the planning period, the Sanitary District will
continue to contract with Dare County for solid waste dis-
posal. It is the policy of Hyde County to promote recycling
to reduce the amount of solid waste that must be removed from
Ocracoke.
(b)
Hyde County supports the establishment of recycling centers on
Ocracoke Island.
(c)
Hyde County will adopt ordinances with severe penalties for
illegal dumping on Ocracoke Island.
(d)
Hyde County will adopt development of an abandoned/inoperable
vehicle ordinance for Ocracoke Island.
Energy
Siting and Development:
(a)
Hyde County is opposed to the development of any natural gas
or petrochemical energy facility or related improvement on
Ocracoke Island or its surrounding waters. This includes all
structures, operations and activities associated with Petro-
chemical energy facility development such as, but not limited
to, onshore support bases for offshore exploration activities,
staging areas, transmission and/or production pipelines, pipe-
I
line storage yards, and other similar structures, activities
and improvements related to petrochemical energy facility
development, exploration or development. Hyde County supports
research and development of non -fossil fuel alternatives for
energy production. The Ocracoke Development Ordinance shall
be amended to prohibit petrochemical energy facilities and
I
other land uses associated with petrochemical energy facility
development, exploration or production.
IV-17

(b) Except for the Tideland Electric Membership Cooperative
electric cogenerating facilities, there are no major corporate
or public utility -owned electric generating plants located on
or proposed for Ocracoke Island. Some private generating
facilities do exist. However, Hyde County will review pro-
posals for development of electric generating plants on a
case -by -case basis, judging the need for the facility by
Ocracoke against all identified possible adverse impacts.
This policy would include wind power electric generating
facilities.
Community Facilities: Hyde County supports the development of the
community facilities specified in the Public Facilities Needs
section of this plan.
�-
Redevelopment of Developed Areas: The.only significant redevelop-
ment issues facing Ocracoke Island through 2000 will be reconstruc-
tion following a hurricane or other natural disaster and historic
preservation.
(a) The county will allow the reconstruction of any structures
demolished by natural disaster which will comply with all
applicable local and state regulations.
(b) Hyde County will accept donations of unbuildable lots. The
need for the county to purchase unbuildable lots will be
considered on a case -by -case basis.
(c) Hyde County will cooperate with any owners who may have to
move any threatened structures to safer locations and expedite
local permit approvals as much as possible.
(d) Hyde County will support reconstruction only at densities as
specified by the Ocracoke Development Ordinance. The minimum
lot size is 5,000 square feet.
(e) Ocracoke now has designated historic structures. Hyde County
supports the preservation of these important cultural
resources. In particular, Hyde County adopts the following
policy statements:
Howard Street: Howard Street shall be maintained as a sand
road and shall not be widened. Vegetation along Howard Street
shall be protected.
Historic Structures: Every effort shall be made to maintain
and repair historic structures in Ocracoke.
(f) All redevelopment efforts shall be consistent with the
historic preservation policies contained on pages IV-7 and
IV-8.
IV-18 I

Estuarine Access:
(a) The National Park Service boat ramp provides adequate boating
access for the public. To prevent more traffic congestion and
the destruction of natural resources, no new commercial boat
ramps shall be constructed in Ocracoke. Private boat ramps
for individual residents should comply with all state and
federal regulations and the policies contained in this plan.
(b) Visual access to estuarine areas on Ocracoke Island is impor-
tant and will be protected through the Ocracoke Development
Ordinance. In order to effectively accomplish this, amend-
ments to the development ordinance will be required to provide
for increased setbacks in estuarine shoreline areas.
(c) Pedestrian access which is consistent with the policies
�f contained in this plan will be supported.
Desired Urban Growth Patterns: Ocracoke is the most densely
populated settled area in Hyde County. The compact development
pattern in the Village makes no distinction between residential,
commercial, or institutional uses. Future development in Ocracoke
is controlled by the Ocracoke Development Ordinance and this land
use plan. The county desires to maintain the quiet, historic
fishing village character of Ocracoke Village. Mixed commercial/
residential uses will continue. Policy statements contained in the
Resource Protection section of this.plan should promote the urban
growth desired by Ocracoke residents.
Commitment to State and Federal Programs: Hyde County is generally
receptive to state and federal programs, particularly those which
provide improvements to the county. The county will continue to
fully support such programs, especially the North Carolina Depart-
ment of Transportation road and bridge improvement programs and
ferry service, which are vital to Ocracoke.
Examples of other state and federal programs that are important to
and supported by Hyde County include: drainage planning and
erosion control activities carried out by the U.S.D.A. Soil Conser-
vation Service; dredging and channel maintenance by the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers; and federal and state projects which provide
efficient and safe boat access for commercial and sport fishing,
National Parks Service programs, state and federal support of the
Ocracoke Airport, and programs to support adequate water and sewer
service for Ocracoke. However, Hyde County does not support expan-
sion of military restricted airspace in eastern North Carolina.
Assistance in Channel Maintenance: Proper maintenance of channels
is critical to Ocracoke because of the substantial economic impact
of commercial fisheries, boating, sport fishing, and successful
operation of the state's ferry service. If silt or other deposits
fill in the channels, this could impede.efficient docking of the
tcommercial fishing and transport vessels. Hyde County will provide
assistance to the U.S. Corps of Engineers and state officials by
IV-19

either helping to obtain
should not be placed in
or -coastal wetlands.
or providing spoil sites. Spoil material
environmentally sensitive areas such as 404
Tourism: Ocracoke Village continues to be a strong attraction for
thousands of visitors each year. Hyde County recognizes the
importance of its tourist industry, and through policy statements
in this land use plan is working to protect and enhance those
attractions and services which help promote tourism on Ocracoke
Island.
(a) Hyde County will support North Carolina Department of Trans-
portation projects to maintain access to Ocracoke Island at
1991 levels of ferry service scheduling and highway access.
The county will not support increased levels of ferry
service. This policy should not conflict with the county's
desire to relocate the Swan Quarter ferry terminal to the
Outfall Canal location or forms of pedestrian transportation
such as high-speed passenger ferries.
(b) Hyde County will support the activities of the North Carolina
Division of Travel and Tourism; specifically, the monitoring
of tourism -related industry and efforts to promote tourism --
related commercial activity.
Transportation: Traffic congestion in the Village is a problem
that cannot be easily solved. Under no circumstances shall highway
improvements be made that would degrade the natural and cultural
environment of Ocracoke Village. Ocracoke residents would rather
tolerate traffic congestion than have the aesthetic quality of the
community degraded by highway improvements. The following trans-
portation policies shall apply:
(a) Ocracoke is concerned with oceanfront erosion on N. C. High-
way 12. Relocation of the highway to alleviate erosion prob-
lems is the preferred solution. Relocation of the Hatteras
Ferry site should occur if relocating the highway cannot be
accomplished for any reason.
(b) Hyde County supports the development of a detailed comprehen-
sive transportation plan for Ocracoke Island which should, as
a minimum, address the following:
-- Provision of off-street parking.
-- Vehicular/pedestrian traffic conflicts.
-- High speed pedestrian ferry access to the mainland.
-- Replacement of the.Oregon Inlet bridge.
-- Possible relocation of the mainland terminal of the Swan
Quarter/Ocracoke ferry.
-- Preservation of Ocracoke's residential streets.
-- Shuttle bus operation to beach areas.
-- Require street and highway improvements.
-- Protection of Highway 12.
-- Continued operation and improvement of the Ocracoke Island
Airport.
Ll
r
Ll
J
r
I
1
i
IV-20

I
The immediate aid of the state, and in particular the Depart-
ment of Transportation, is requested to develop a comprehen-
sive transportation plan.
Land Use Trends: Ocracoke Island's land use trends have been thor-
oughly discussed in other sections of this plan. Those trends
include:
-- Increasing traffic congestion.
Development of AECs.
Decreasing water quality, especially in Silver Lake.
-- Increasing solid waste disposal problems.
-- Increasing threat of ground and surface water pollution as
the number of sewage disposal facilities increase.
-- Increasing density of both residential and commercial
-- development.
Threatened loss of Ocracoke's aesthetic"appeal and
historic character.
-- Loss of visual access to the Silver Lake shoreline.
These land use changes should be controlled through existing local,
state and federal land use regulations including CAMA, 11404" regu-
lations, sanitary regulations, the Ocracoke Development Ordinance,
and the Hyde County building inspection program. Hyde County
should consider the establishment of both zoning and subdivision
regulations for Ocracoke.
E. CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION POLICIES
As the initial step in the preparation of this document, Ocracoke
Island prepared and adopted a "Citizen Participation Plan." The
plan outlined the methodology for citizen involvement. The Board
of Commissioners apointed an Advisory Land Use Planning Committee
for Ocracoke. The Ocracoke Committee included the following
members: Wes Egan, Ellen Cloud, James Barrie Gaskill, Charles
Runyon, Al Scarborough, Ann Ehringhaus, Craig Garrish, Alton
Ballance, and Dan Wrobleski. Public involvement was generated
through public information meetings, advertising in a local
newspaper.
A public information meeting, advertised in the Washington Daily
News was conducted by the Hyde County Board of Commissioners at the
outset of the project on February 4, 1991, in the gymnasium at.the
Ocracoke School. Subsequently, meetings of the Land Use Plan
Advisory Committee, open to the public, were conducted on
February 23, 1991; March 20, 1991; April 24, 1991; June 5 and
June 24, 1991, to discuss development of the land use plan.
Another public information meeting, advertised in The Coastland
" Times, was held on September 5, 1991, to review and comment on the
draft plan before its submittal to the Coastal Resources
Commission.
I IV-21

The preliminary plan was submitted to the Coastal Resources Commis-
sion for comment on September 23, 1991. Following receipt of CRC
comments, the plan was amended, and a formal public hearing on the
final document was conducted on Ocracoke on April 29, 1992. The
public hearing was advertised in The Coastland Times on March 24,
1992. The plan was approved by the Hyde County Board of Commis-
sioners on May 18, 1992, and submitted to the Coastal Resources
Commission for certification. The plan was certified on May 29,
1992.
Citizen input will continue to be solicited, primarily through the
Board of Commissioners, with advertised and adequately publicized
public meetings held to discuss special land use issues and to keep
citizens informed.
Addressing the unique problems of Ocracoke Island, Hyde County
finds that public participation in land use planning can best be
achieved if public awareness of, and opportunities to participate
in, the permitting process, pursuant to the provisions of the
Coastal Management Act and its regulatory guidelines, is maximized.
Under 15A NCAC 7B.0203, Hyde County states and adopts the following
policy with respect to continued public participation in planning
decision making in Ocracoke:
-- The county and all concerned should do their best to ensure
informed public participation in land use planning under
15A NCAC 7B. The public is particularly encouraged, among
other things, to seize all opportunities provided now and in
the future under CAMA and the present plan to inform themselves
about permit applications in Ocracoke's AECs, comment thereon
to the permitting authorities, seek any elucidation needed,
hold meetings, discuss the issues and invite to such meetings
representatives of the Department of Environment, Health and
Natural Resources. Hyde County considers that the knowledge
and experience gained by the public will contribute greatly to
the public's effective participation in planning decision
making in the sense of 15A NCAC 7B.202(a).
1
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SECTION V
OCRACOKE ISLAND
LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

I
ISECTION V: LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
The CAMA regulations require the establishment of a specific land
classification system to support the local government's policy
statements. This system should reflect developing land use
patterns within a community. The CAMA 15A NCAC 7B regulations
state:
"The land classification system provides a framework
to be used by local governments to identify the future
use of all lands. The designation of land classes
allows the local government to illustrate their policy
statements as to where and to what density they want
growth to occur, and where they want to conserve
natural and cultural resources by guiding growth."
The 15A NCAC 7H requirements provide for the following land
classifications: developed and conservation. In applying these
classifications, Hyde County should carefully consider where and
when various types of development should be encouraged. These
classifications must be represented on a land classification map.
See Map 4.
The following defines the applicable land classifications:
DEVELOPED: Areas included in the developed land classification
are currently urban in character, with limited undeveloped land
remaining. With the exception 'of central public sewer service,
municipal types of service are in place or will be provided within
the ten year planning period. Land uses include single and multi-
family residential, public facilities, services, transportation,
commercial, and other urban land uses at high or moderate densi-
ties. Residential densities are allowed in excess of an average
of three dwelling units per acre, with a minimum single-family
residential lot size of 5,000 square feet.
CONSERVATION: The following areas of environmental concern are
included in the conservation classification:
Coastal Wetlands: This classification includes all areas
of coastal wetlands which include any salt marsh or other marsh
subject to regular or occasional flooding by tides, including wind
tides. However, tidal flooding is understood not to include hurri-
cane or tropical storm tides. Uses will be allowed within the
coastal wetlands areas that are consistent with the policies
contained in this plan. These policies exceed minimum 15A NCAC 7H.
use standards.
404 Wetlands: This classification includes areas of 404
wetlands which meet the wetlands criteria relevant to Section 404
of the Clean Water Act. Only uses consistent with the policy
statements section of this plan will be allowed.
V-1

Estuarine Shoreline: All areas lying 0-75 feet landward
of the mean high water level of estuarine waters are classified as
estuarine shorelines. Because of map size and scale, these areas
cannot be accurately mapped. Precise locations must be determined
in the field. Uses will be allowed within the estuarine shoreline
areas that are consistent with the policies contained in this
plan. Those policies exceed minimum 15A NCAC 7H use standards.
Estuarine and Public Trust Waters: All public trust areas
and estuarine waters are included in this classification. All
waters in the vicinity of Ocracoke are classified as estuarine
waters as described by 15A NCAC 7H.0206, or public trust areas as
described by 15A NCAC 7H.0207. The county opposes the permanent
location of floating structures in estuarine and public trust
waters and in marinas on Ocracoke Island. Except for floating
structures policies and the perpetual SA designation of Silver
Lake, the estuarine and public trust waters conservation policies
are more restrictive than the use standards included in
15A NCAC 7H.
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F

' APPENDIX I
NORTH CAROLINA COASTAL FEDERATION .
HYDE COUNTY LAND USE PLAN: OCRACOKE
(March 289 1991 Draft)
POLICY STATEMENTS
Ocracoke has unique natural and cultural resources that need special protection. For
this reason, Hyde County has developed the Ocracoke Development Ordinance to protect the
public health, safety and general welfare of Ocracoke residents and visitors. Hyde County
+� has also developed a complete set of policy statements for its land use plan that are designed
specifically for Ocracoke Island. All of the five broad policy development areas, i.e.,
Resource Protection, Resource Production and Management, Economic and Community
Development, Storm Hazard Mitigation and Post -Disaster Recovery, and Continuing Public
Participation, will be addressed in this Section as they apply to Ocracoke Island.
A. Resource Protection
1. 1=1ementation of Resource Protection Policy Statements
Consistency Review: Consistent enforcement of environmental regulations on
Ocracoke is the goal of the Hyde County Commissioners. Policy statements in
this plan are made as specific as possible to assure consistent interpretation of
their intent. Should any "questions about the intent of a policy contained in this
land use plan arise, it is the policy of the Hyde County Commissioners that
interpretations of its policy statements should err on the side of protecting the
environment. Established procedures for amending this land use plan can be
utilized if Hyde County believes that a policy statement needs to be changed.
Public Notice of All CAMA Permit Applications: Public participation in the
review of permit applications is an important component of permit evaluation.
Legal notices in newspapers are not an effective way of informing the public
about a permit application. Therefore, it is the policy of this land use plan
that in Ocracoke an CAMA permit applicant shall post, or cause to be posted,
a notice at the location of the proposed development stating that an application,
a modification of an application for a major CAMA permit, or an application
to modify a previously issued major CAMA permit for development has been
made, where the application or modification may be inspected, and the time
period for comments. This notice shall be large enough to be easily read from
the nearest public street or waterway. Failure to adequately post notice of a
CAMA permit application shall make the project inconsistent with this land
use plan and is a violation of G.S. 113A-119(b)(ii).
Legal Notice of CAMA Permit Applications: Public reviews of projects are
circumvented when the public is not given notice and opportunity to comment
on modifications to permit applications. Likewise, adequate reviews of

Ocracoke Land Use Plan Update ,
March 28, 1991
Page 2
proposed projects are circumvented when CAMA permits are issued with
conditions that attempt to solve deficiencies in the proposed project without
opportunity for the public to review the adequacy of the conditions. The lack
of public notice of proposed solutions to deficiencies in a permit application
provides an incentive for permit applicants to submit applications for
unacceptable projects and then negotiate the actual project with State staff
without public and local government participation. Therefore, it is the policy
of this land use plan that any modification of a permit application accepted by
the N.C. Division of Coastal Management, including the scaling down of a
proposed project, shall require a new legal notice. In addition, any CAMA
permit application for a project on Ocracoke that requires permit conditions
placing additional restrictions on the project shall have public notice of the
modifications proposed to solve the unacceptable aspects of the project. In
such cases, the permit application shall be either. (a) modified with public
notice and opportunity to comment, or (b) denied and treated as a new
application with appropriate public notice. Any application for which public
notice and opportunity to comment are not provided in accordance with this
policy is inconsistent with this land use plan.
401' Certifications: All applications for 401 Certifications shall be consistent
with -this land use plan. As consistent with federal and state water quality laws
and regulations, the 401 certification applicant has the burden of demonstrating
that the proposed project will comply with water quality standards, including
the antidegradation regulation. Any 401 certification application that has not
adequately met this burden shall be inconsistent with this land use plan. A
public hearing shall be held by the Division of Environmental Management on I
401 Certifications if there is significant local public interest the application.
2. Areas of Environmental Concern: Development Policies Hyde County and
the citizens of Ocracoke recognize the primary concern of the Coastal
Resources Commission, in terms of protecting resources, as managing Areas
of Environmental Concern (AEC's). The AEC's which occur in Ocracoke
include: Coastal Wetlands; Estuarine Waters; Public Trust Areas; Estuarine
Shorelines; Ocean Erodible Area; High Hazard Flood Area; Inlet Hazard
Area; and Unvegetated Beach Area. Ocracoke residents are concerned that
their village may be excessively developed destroying its natural and cultural
resources. To assure compatible development, the following land uses are
appropriate in each AEC:
1

Ocracoke Land Use Plan Update
March 28, 1991
Page 3
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a. Coastal Wetlands
The top priority of Ocracoke is to preserve coastal wetlands. The only
development that shall be allowed in coastal wetlands includes: (1) docks that
are consistent with policy statement in this plan; (2) redevelopment as defined
by the Ocracoke Development Ordinance; (3) net houses as defined by the
Ocracoke Development Ordinance. In every instance, the particular location,
use, and design characteristics shall be in accord with the general use
standards for coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, and public trust areas
described in state regulations. Unacceptable uses include, but are not limited
to: permanent and temporary signs; seawalls and bulkheads; restaurants and
businesses; residences, apartments, motels, hotels, and trailer parks; parking
lots, private and public roads and highways; and factories.
i
b. Estuarine Waters and Public Trust Areas
Bacteriological data collected by the Shellfish Sanitation Program of the
North Carolina Division of Health Services has resulted in the closure of
shellfish waters in Silver Lake and in the canals and tributaries from the shore
area north of Ocracoke Village. The top priority of Ocracoke is to prevent
further deterioration of estuurine water quality and loss of public trust uses.
The second priority of Ocracoke is to restore degraded water quality and lost
It of public trust areas. The third priority of Ocracoke is to allow uses of
estuarine waters and public trust area that provide public benefits to the
I community and which satisfy riparian access needs of private property owners.
The following policies shall be applied in determining if a proposed use in
estuarine waters and public trust areas is consistent with this Section:
Recreational and Commercial Fishing: This use is consistent if all federal and
state laws and regulations are followed.
Marinas: No new or expanded marinas of ankind shall be allowed anywhere
y
in Ocracoke. This includes all docking facilities capable of mooring three
boats and drystack storage. Boat hoists over estuarine waters and public trust
areas shall not be allowed. All existing marina facilities shall be required to
install pump -out facilities if they request permits for maintenance or
reconstruction.
Docks: No docks shall extend more than 150 feet in length and docks shall
not extend more than 150 feet in length from mean high water into Pamlico
Sound. In Silver Lake, a dock shall not extend: (1) more than 150 feet and
(2) more than the established pier length as determined by the average length
of the two piers nearest to the proposed dock. Only one dock shall be built on

Ocracoke Land Use Plan Update
March 28, 1991
Page 4
each parcel of property. It is not appropriate to create new parcels of property
Primarily for the purpose of allowing a location for construction of a new
dock. The Board of Adjustment shall review all applications for docks
(including general permits) to assure their consistency with this Section.
Boat Ramps: The National Park Service boat ramp provides adequate boating
access for the public. To prevent more traffic congestion and the destruction
of natural resources, no new commercial boat ramps shall be constructed in
Ocracoke. Private boat ramps for individual residents should comply with all
state and federal regulations. To reduce traffic congestion, there shall be no
redevelopment or expansion of any boat ramps in Silver Lake.
Subme
rged Aquatic Vegetation. No dredging of submerged aquatic vegetation
or habitat shall be allowed. Projects shall minimize shading of submerged
aquatic vegetation.
C. Estuarine Sh
The quality of water in Silver Lake, the canals, and portions of Pamlico
Sound surrounding Ocracoke are currently being degraded by shoreline
development. Ocracoke recognizes that land uses within the estuarine
shoreline, which is defined as the area extending 75 feet landward of the mean
high waterline of the estuarine waters, could have a substantial effect upon the
quality of these waters. Therefore, Ocracoke adopts the following policies in
regard to the estuarine shoreline AEC:
Setback: The top priority of Ocracoke is for the 75 foot estuarine shoreline
AEC to be maintained in its natural state. No clear cutting of vegetation, or
filling or draining of wetlands shall occur within the estuarine shoreline AEC.
Land uses associated with water dependent activities that are consistent with
this Section shall be allowed in the estuarine shoreline AEC. Lots platted and
registered in the Hyde County Courthouse before March 1, 1991 which would
be made unbuildable by enforcement of this Section, shall have the maximum
setback that still allows reasonable development on the site.
Erosion Shoreline Control Measures: Preferred shoreline erosion control
measures shall be the planting of natural vegetation and relocation of, -
structures. Shoreline erosion control measures will result in the immediate or
eventual loss of coastal wetlands, and can cause adverse impacts on the value
and enjoyment of adjacent properties or public access to and use of the
estuarine beach. Such shoreline erosion control structures include, but are not
limited to, wooden bulkheads, seawalls, rock or rubble revetments, wooden,
metal, concrete or rock jetties, groins and breakwaters; concrete -filled

P-�
Ocracoke Land Use Plan Update
March 28, 1991
Page 5
sandbags and tiro structures. Before such structures can -be placed in the
estuarine shoreline AEC or in the estuarine water AEC, it must be determined
that they are consistent with this Section. An erosion control device is
consistent with this Section when: (1) A structure is in immediate danger of
being damaged by erosion; (2) Relocation of the structure would impose a
severe hardship on its owner, (3) Adjacent property will not be damaged by
the structure; and (4) Public Trust Rights will not be significantly violated.
All manmade canals on Ocracoke are exempted from this policy statement.
d. Ocean Hazard AEC's
All ocean hazard AEC's are located on the ocean side of Ocracoke
Island, which is under federal control as part of the Cape Hatteras National
iSeashore. State and federal agencies shall comply with specific use standards
for ocean shoreline erosion control activities as specified in NCAC 07H .0308
dated February 16, 1990. No variances from these rules shall be allowed.
3. Other Resource Protection Policy Areas
a. Water Oualily Standards
It is the policy of this land use plan that any applicant for a permit or
certification has the burden of demonstrating that the proposed project will
comply with water quality standards, including the antidegradation regulation.
This policy is consistent with state and federal water quality standards and
laws. Any application that does not adequately met this burden shall be
inconsistent with this land use plan.
b. She Treatment
Degradation of water quality in estuarine waters is already occurring
according to bacteriological data collected by the N.C. Division of Health
Services. Reasons for deteriorating water quality include poor soils, high
water tables, frequent flooding, small lots, high density development, and a
harsh salt environment. Furthermore, Ocracoke's isolated location makes it
impossible to enforce adequate operation and maintenance of mechanical
sewage treatment facilities. To insure adequate sewage treatment, Ocracoke
has developed the following policy statements:

Ocracoke Land Use Plan Update
March 28, 1991
Page 6
Septic Tanks: Septic tank placement must comply with State Health
regulations as enforced by the County Sanitarian. In addition, no new septic
tank system installed on Ocracoke shall exceed a capacity of 1,800 gallons.
Septic tanks for publicly owned and operated facilities may exceed this
capacity limitation.
Package Treatment Plants: No new Pana sewage treatment plants shall be
allowed in Ocracoke.
Individual Aerobic Treatment Plants: No individual aerobic treatment plants
shall be allowed in Ocracoke unless all of the following conditions are met:
1. A certified operator is provided by the County in accordance with
State regulations for individual aerobic systems;
2. The plant is correcting an existing sewage disposal system that is
causing or contributing to water quality degradation or public health.
threats;
3. The aerobic system is designed with a pretreatment chamber and
other measures so that during a power failure or startup after a period
of idleness it will function as a conventional septic tank system,
including compliance with the requirements for septic tank capacity,
and to the extent possible, compliance with the setbacks and vertical
separations for a conventional system.
Private Sewage Utilities: No private sewage utilities shall be allowed on
g Pn g
Ocracoke.
Public Sewage Systems: Growth and development consistent with this land
use plan can be obtained with properly designed individual septic tank systems.
The provision of public sewage in Ocracoke would result in higher
development density that would increase stormwater runoff and generally
contribute to development in excess of the island's carrying capacity. In
addition, there is no adequate location on or off of Ocracoke Island to dispose
of sewage from a central system. Therefore, development of a public sewer
system is not appropriate for Ocracoke Island.
c. 404 Wetlands
Wetlands on Ocracoke Island serve to recharge the water table reduce
stormwater runoff, and provide wildlife habitat. No filling, excavating or
draining of any 404 wetland will be allowed unless: (1) Enforcement of this i

Ocracoke Land Use Plan Update
March 28, 1991
Page 7
a B.
1
provision creates a severe hardship on the landowner of a lot that has been
platted and registered in the Hyde County Courthouse before March 1, 1991,
or that the proposed project is a public project constructed with public funds
and serves a vital public interest; and (2) State and Federal authorizations will
likely be received for the proposed wetland activity once it is determined that
the activity is consistent with this Section.
Natural vegetation in Ocracoke Village helps to lower the water table.
This reduces flooding and stormwater runoff, and serves to stabilize the island.
To maintain the maritime vegetation on Ocracoke Island, Hyde County will
classify any undeveloped parcels of property over two acres as of March 1,
1991 as "Conservation" on the land classification map. Built upon areas on
such lands that are classified as "Conservation" shall not exceed 10 percent.
e. Flood Prone
All, structures built in flood prone areas of Ocracoke shall be built to
code.
E Stormwater Runoff
Stormwater runoff into estuarine waters is causing deterioration of
coastal water quality. In addition to other policy statements contained in this
Section that are designed to control stormwater runoff, no stormdrains or
drainage ditches shall be constructed that drain directly to estuarine waters or
the estuarine shoreline AEC.
Commercial and recreational fisheries are vital to the economy and
heritage of Ocracoke. Through implementation of Policy Statements contained
in the Section, Ocracoke is doing its part to protect our fishery resources. It is
the policy of Hyde County to encourage fishing related economic opportunities
which provide potential for employment for island residents.

Ocracoke' Land Use Plan Update
March 28, 1991
Page 8
z. Recreational Resources
The National Park Service provides an extremely important recreational
resource to Ocracoke and the nation. The National Seashore is vital to the
economy of Ocracoke. There exists a high degree of interdependence between
Ocracoke and the Park Service with a high degree of cooperation. In keeping
with this spirit of cooperation, Hyde County adopts the following policies in
regard to the Cape Hatteras National Seashore:
Pump Out Facility At NPS Marina: A sewage pump out facility for boats is
needed at the National Park Service marina.
Adopt a Highway Signs: To avoid having the National Seashore littered with g Y � g
signs, only non-profit organizations and associations should be allowed to have
signs announcing their adoption of Highway 12 through the National Seashore.
Private business can continue to adopt segments of the highway, but no sign
should be posted advertising their service to the public. I
Park Planning: The Hyde County Commissioner who represents Ocracoke
should be asked by the National Park Service to appoint representatives to
committees engaged in long-range planning for the Seashore.
C. Economic and Community Development
The land development issues involving economic and community development
in Ocracoke are very different from mainland Hyde County. Major factors such as ,
the economic base of the Village, its land development pattern and density, and
overall increasing population growth rate, are all responsible for this difference. For
this reason, Hyde County will continue to update and strengthen the Ocracoke
Development Ordinance to reflect policy statements in this land use plan. Issues
relevant to economic and community development and policy statements are discussed
below:
1. Local Commitment to Service Provisions
Hyde County will continue to work with the Ocracoke Sanitary District
to supply drinking water to everyone who needs it in Ocracoke.
1

Ocracoke Land Use Plan Update
March 28, 1991
Page 9
Sew
Policy statements regarding sewer are included in the Resource
Protection Section of this land use plan.
Solid Waste Dis_nosal
Throughout the planning period, the Sanitary District will continue to
contract with Dare County for solid waste disposal. It is the policy of Hyde
County to establish an expended recycling program to reduce the amount of
( solid waste that must be removed from Ocracoke.
Tranportation
Traffic congestion in the Village is a problem that cannot be easily
solved. Under no circumstances, shall highway improvements be made that
would degrade the natural and cultural environment of Ocracoke Village.
Ocracoke residents would rather put up with traffic congestion than have the
aesthetic quality of the community degraded by highway improvements. The
A transportation plan should be conducted for Ocracoke to determine
solutions to Ocracoke's traffic problems. Alternatives to be examined include,
but are not limited to: (1) moving the ferry docks out of the Village, and (2)
limiting the number of vehicles brought to the island by ferries and providing
_.public transportation.
Ocracoke is concerned about oceanfront erosion on N.C. Highway 12.
Relocation of the highway to alleviate erosion problems is the preferred
solution. Relocation of the Hatteras Ferry site should occur if relocation the
highway cannot be accomplished for any reason.
2. Desired Urban Growth Patterns
Ocracoke is the most densely populated settled area in Hyde County.
The compact development pattern in the Village makes no distinction between
residential, commercial, or institutional uses. Future development in Ocracoke
is controlled by the Ocracoke Development Ordinance and this land use plan.
Policy Statements contained in the Resource Protection of this plan should
promote the urban growth pattern desired by Ocracoke residents. It is the
intent of the Hyde County commissioners to evaluate the Ocracoke
Development Ordinance to determine if certain area of the Village should be
zoned for residential or commensal uses.
r�

Ocracoke Land Use Plan Update
March 28, 1991
Page 10
3. Redevelg9ment of Developed Urban Areas
Ocracoke now has designated historic structures and districts. Hyde '
County supports the preservation of these important cultural resources. In
particular, Hyde County adopts the following policy statements:
Howard Street: Howard Street shall be maintained as a dirt road and shall not
be widened. Vegetation along Howard Street shall be protected.
Historic Structures: Every effort shall be made to maintain and repair historic
structures in Ocracoke.
4. Tourism
Ocracoke Island continues to be a strong attraction for thousands of
visitors each year. Hyde County recognizes the importance of its tourist
industry,. and through Policy Statements in this land use plan is working to
protect and enhance those attractions and services which help promote tourism
on Ocracoke Island. Hyde County encourages visitors to Ocracoke that plan
to stay on the island for an extended period of time. Visitors that simply use
the island as a thoroughfare add to traffic problems in the Village. .
5. jndustgt
Hyde County is opposed to the development of any petro-chemical
energy facility or related improvement on Ocracoke Island or its surrounding
waters. This includes all structures, operations, and activities associated with
petro-chemical energy facility development, such as, but not limited to, on-
shore support bases for off -shore exploration activities, staging areas,
transmission and/or production pipelines, pipeline storage yards, and other
similar structures, activities, and improvements related to perm -chemical
energy facility development, exploration, or production. Hyde County
supports research and development of non -fossil fuel alternatives for energy
production. The Ocracoke Development ordinance shall be amended to
prohibit petro-chemical energy facilities and other land uses associated with
petro-chemical energy facility development, exploration, or production.
Hyde County supports clean industry on Ocracoke that complies with
all Policy Statement in this land use plan.

Ocracoke Land Use Plan Update
March 28, 1991
Page 11
D. Storm Hazard Nfintion. Post -Disaster Recover►. and Evacuation Plans
(Use same language from last plan.) State that all Policies contained in this plan must
be enforced in during post -disaster recovery efforts.
E. Continuing Public Participation
(Use same language from last plan.)
0
u

APPENDIX II
o ���1Oo l== O
o C� o
C� ��o
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C.
�
JAMES B. HUNT, JR. •
GOVERNOR
EXECUTIVE ORDER NUMBER 15
WHEREAS, the General Assembly of North Carolina, in passing the
Coastal Area Management Act, has expressed its -desire for a comprehensive,
coordinated management system for the protection and orderly development
of the coastal area; and,
WHEREAS, the stated goals of the Coastal Area Management Act are:
(1) To preserve and manage the natural ecological conditions
of the estuarine system, the barrier dune system, and the beaches,
so as to safeguard and perpetuate their natural productivity and
their biological, economic and aesthetic values;
(2) To insure that the development or preservation of.the
land and water resources of the coastal area proceeds in a manner
consistent with the capability of the land and water for develop-
ment, use, or preservation based on ecological considerations;
(3) To insure the orderly and balanced use and preservation
of our coastal resources on behalf of the people of Borth Carolina
and the nation;
(4) To establish policies, guidelines and standards for:
(i) Protection, preservation, and conservation of
natural resources, including, but not limited to,
water use, scenic vistas, and fish and wildlife;
and management of transitional or intensely developed
areas and areas especially suited to intensive use or
development, as well as areas of significant natural
value;
(ii) The economic development of the coastal area,
including,but not limited to, conservation, location

1
NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT:
Section I. All State agencies shall take account of and be con-
sistent to the maximum extent possible with the coastal policies, guide-
lines and standards contained in the State guidelines, with the local
land use plans developed under the mandate of The Coastal Area Management
Act, and with the North Carolina Coastal Plan prepared under the Federal
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 in all regulatory programs, use
and disposition of state-owned lands, financial assistance for public
facilities, and encouragement and location of major public and private
growth -inducing facilities.
Section 2. The Secretary. of Natural Resources and Community
Development and the Coastal Resources Commission shall ensure the oppor-
tunity for full participation by affected State agencies in the develop-
ment of policies and guidelines for the coastal area prior to their
adoption.
Section 3. All conflicts arising from the implementation of this
order within the Department of Natural Resources and Community Development
shall be resolved by the Secretary of that Department, and all conflicts
over consistency between the administering coastal management agency
(Department of Natural Resources and Community Development) and another
department of State government shall be resolved by the Governor.
Section 4. This Executive Order shall be effective immediately.
Done in Raleigh, North Carolina, this the 27th day of October,
1977.
GOVERNOR OF NORTH, CAROLINA
SEAL

PART III: HYDE COUNTY MAINLAND AND OCRACOKE
ISLAND
POST -DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION PLAN
AND POLICIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION
1
Discussion
2
1. Storm Hazard Mitigation:
2. Post -Disaster Reconstruction Plan
6
3. Hurricane Evacuation Plan
13
4. Re-entry
14
TABLES
Table 1: Percent of Structures Subject to
4
Storm Damage Factors, Hyde County

HYDE-COUNTY MAINLAND AND OCRACOKE ISLAND
POST —DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION PLAN AND POLICIES
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this section of the 1991 CAMA Land Use Plan Update
is to assist Hyde County in managing development in potentially
hazardous areas through establishing hazard mitigation policies,
and to reduce the risks associated with future hurricanes by devel-
oping post -disaster reconstruction/recovery policies, and reviewing
the adequacy of current evacuation plans. This section is consis-
tent with and supports the Hyde County Hurricane Evacuation Plan.
The overriding concept of this exercise is simply "planning ahead
of time."
"Hazard mitigation includes any activity which reduces the
probability that a disaster will occur, or minimizes the
damage caused by a disaster. Hazard mitigation includes
not only managing development, but also evacuation
planning and other measures to reduce losses of life and
property. Reconstruction involves the full range of
repair activities in the wake of a disaster which seek to
return the community to a "normal" level of operations."
(McElyea, Brower, & Godschalk, p. iii)
This plan will rely upon joint federal -state -local procedures to
provide assistance to rebuild following a storm. This must be done
to qualify Hyde County for federal assistance.
The requirements are generally delineated in the Disaster Relief
Act of 1974 (P.L.93-288) which authorizes a wide range of financial
and direct assistance to both local communities and individuals.
The sequence of procedures to be followed after a major storm event
is as follows:
1. Local damage assessment teams survey storm damage within the
community.
2. Damage information is compiled and summarized, and the nature
and extent of damage is reported to the North Carolina Division
of Environmental Management (DEM).
3. DEM compiles local data and makes recommendations to the
Governor concerning state action.
4. The Governor may request a Presidential declaration of
"emergency" or "major disaster." A Presidential declaration
makes a variety of federal resources available to local commu-
nities -and individuals.
5. Federal Relief assistance provided to a community after an
"emergency" has been declared typically ends one month after
the initial Presidential declaration. Where a "major disaster"
has been declared, federal assistance for "emergency" work
typically ends six months after the declaration and federal
assistance for "permanent" work ends after 18 months.
1

1. Storm Hazard Mitigation: Discussion
Hazard mitigation, or actions taken to reduce the probability
or impact of a disaster could involve a number of activities or
policy decisions. The starting point, however, is to identify the
types of hazards (including the relative severity and magnitude of
risks), and the extent of development (including residential,
commercial, etc.) located in storm hazard areas.
Hurricanes are extremely powerful, often unpredictable forces
of nature. The two most severe effects are fatalities and prop-
erty damage, which are usually the result of four causes: high
winds, flooding, wave action, and erosion, each of which are dis-
cussed briefly below.
a. High Winds
High winds are the major determinants of a hurricane, by
definition, i.e., a tropical disturbance with sustained winds of at
least 73 miles per hour. Extreme hurricanes can have winds of up
to 165 miles per hour, with gusts up to 200 miles per hour. These
winds circulate around the center or "eye" of the storm. Although
the friction or impact of the winds hitting land from the water
causes some dissipation of the full force, there is still a tremen-
dous amount of energy left to cause damage to buildings, overturn
mobile homes, down trees and power lines, and destroy crops. Also,
tornadoes are often spawned by hurricane wind patterns. Wind
stress is an important consideration in storm hazard mitigation
planning. Because of a hurricane's size and power, it is likely
that all of Hyde County would be.subject to the same wind velocity
in the event of a storm.
b. Flooding
Flooding, on the other hand, may not affect all areas with
equal intensity. The excessive amounts of rainfall and the "storm
surge" which often accompany hurricanes can cause massive coastal
and riverine flooding causing excessive property damage and deaths
by drowning. (More deaths are caused by drowning than any other
cause in hurricanes.) Flooding can cause extensive damage in
ocean coastal areas because of the storm surge and low-lying areas.
However, flooding can cause extensive damage in inland areas also,
since many coastal areas have low elevations and are located in
high hazard or "Zone All flood areas according to the Federal
Emergency Emergency Maps.
According to the flood insurance study for Hyde County,
prepared by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the
"dominant source of flooding in Hyde County is storm surge
generated in the Atlantic Ocean by tropical storms and hurricanes.
In addition,. this surge propagates into Pamlico Sound and further
propagates into Pamlico River, Lake Matamuskeet, and a multitude of
small water courses where high winds associated with tropical
storms can produce high waves." Based on Hyde County flood

insurance maps, nearly all of the county is classified as being in
the 100-year "high hazard" flood zone, or Zone A. (There is,
however, an extensive area of "Zone C," i.e., minimally flooded
area, in the west part of the county.) Because of low elevation,
nearly all of the county would be subject to flooding during a
severe hurricane. (See Map 3, Flood Hazard Areas, Hyde County
mainland.)
As Map 3 shows, virtually all of the "development" in Hyde
County is in the high hazard Zone A areas. Ocracoke is located
entirely in a Zone A area.
Flooding cannot only cause damage to buildings, but saltwater
flooding can cause serious damage to croplands, which is what took
place in the Albemarle region in 1954 and 1955 from Hurricanes
Hazel, Connie, Dianne, and Ione (McElyea, Brower, & Godschalk, pp.
2-8, 9). Substantial saltwater flooding occurred in the northeast
areas of Hyde County, south of the Alligator River. Freshwater
flooding appears to have occurred in other parts of the county.
Consideration of potential flood damage is important to Hyde
County's efforts to develop storm mitigation policies.
c. Wave Action
Damage from wave action is connected very closely to the storm
surge, i.e., wind -driven water with high waves moving to vulnerable
shoreline areas. As the previously cited flood study noted, "The
wave action associated with storm surge can be much more damaging
than the higher water level." Areas most likely to be affected are
ocean erodible areas and estuarine shoreline areas. There are no
ocean erodible areas in Hyde County's jurisdiction (since in
Ocracoke the ocean beaches are part of the Cape Hatteras National
Seashore). However, there are extensive estuarine shoreline areas
(75 feet -inland from the mean high water mark of estuarine waters)
in the county. However, wave action damage would have the most
significant impact along the Pamlico Sound shoreline, in particular
on Ocracoke Island. As the existing land use maps (Map 2, Hyde
County mainland; Map 1, Ocracoke) and the flood hazards area map
(Map 3) show, fortunately there are not significant amounts of
residential development in or near the estuarine shoreline area on
the Hyde County mainland. And even on Ocracoke, there is very
little development immediately adjacent to the sound. Wave action
can cause erosion as well as push possible flood waters to areas
not reached by the storm surge itself.. The estuarine shoreline
along Hyde's riverine shoreline, i.e., Pungo River and the
Alligator River, is sufficiently inland from an open coast so that
the wave energy is dispersed and diffracted.
d. Erosion
�. The final major consideration in storm hazard mitigation is
severe erosion, caused by high winds, high water, and heavy wave
action. Again, in Hyde County, the area most susceptible to storm
related erosion is the estuarine shoreline AEC along the Pamlico
Sound on both the mainland and Ocracoke Island. This is
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essentially the same area potentially affected by the action of
damaging waves and described in part c., above. Shoreline erosion
could lead to loss of property through portion of waterfront lots
being washed into the sound or even actual structural damage to
buildings. Although most of the shoreline along the sound is
undeveloped marshlands, erosion potential is an important factor to
consider in developing storm hazard mitigation policies.
,
e. Summary: Storm Hazard Mitigation Considerations
In summary, all four of the major damaging forces of a
hurricane, i.e., high winds, flooding, wave action, and shoreline
erosion, could have a potential impact upon Hyde County in the
event of a major storm. The degree of susceptibility to losses
and/or damages was generally alluded to in the previous discus-
sions. However, Table 1, below, provides a better projection of
the percent of the county's building structures (residential and
commercial, etc.) subject to the potentially devastating effects of
,
a major storm.
Table 1: Percent of Structures Subject to
Storm Damage Factors, Hyde County
Storm Impact Percent Structures Possibly Affected
1991 Tax Value
(Millions)
1. High Winds 100% 280
2. Flooding 100% 280
3. Wave Action 0% 0
4. Shoreline Erosion 0% 0
Based on preliminary projections derived from examination of exist-
ing land use map. Map prepared by T. Dale Holland Consulting
Planners. Tax value provided by County Finance Office
The information in the table above is preliminary and is not
intended to convey the impression that every single structure
possibly affected by damaging factors would be affected, only that
the potential is there. Knowing that the potential is there forms
the basis for setting forth storm hazard mitigation policies, keep-
ing in mind that "mitigate" means action which may reduce the prob-
ability of disaster, or.minimize the damage caused by a disaster
(McElyea, Brower, & Godschalk, p. iii).
f. Policy Statements: Storm Hazard Mitigation
In order to minimize the damage potentially caused by the
effects of a hurricane or other major storm, Hyde County proposes
the following policies:

1. High Winds
Hyde County supports enforcement of the N.C. State Build-
ing Code, particularly requirements of construction stan-
dards to meet wind -resistive factors, i.e., "design wind
velocity." The county will also support provisions in the
State Building Code requiring tiedowns for mobile homes,
which help resist wind damage.
2. Flooding
Hyde County is supportive of the hazard mitigation ele-
ments of the National Flood Insurance Program. Currently,
Hyde County is pursuing participation in the regular phase
of the insurance program. Hyde County also supports con-
tinued enforcement of the CAMP, and 404 wetlands develop-
ment permit processes in areas potentially susceptible to
flooding.
'
3. Wave Action and Shoreline Erosion
Hyde County is supportive of the CAMA development permit
process for estuarine shoreline areas. However, all
shoreline stabilization and drainage projects must be
consistent with the policies contained in this plan.
g. Implementation: Storm Hazard Mitigation
1. Hyde County will continue to support the county -wide
building inspection program, with the services of a
building inspector, enforcing provisions of the N.C.
State Building Code for new construction. These pro-
visions will include designing for wind resistance and
mobile home tiedowns for newly placed mobile homes.
2. Hyde County will enforce its Flood Damage Prevention
Ordinance. The ordinance requires basic floodproofing
for all new construction, including all first floor
elevations being at or above the base flood eleva-
tions, and will be enforced as part of the county's
building inspection program. The base flood eleva-
tions, as shown on the flood insurance maps, are the
elevations of the 100-year flood.
3. The county will continue to support enforcement of
state and federal programs which aid in mitigation of
hurricane hazards, including CAMA and the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers 404 permit process.
F

h. Other Mitigative Policy Areas
According to the CAMA planning guidelines, policy statements
should also address the following three areas:
1. Means of dealing with structures and uses which do not
conform to the hazard mitigation policies.
2. Means of encouraging hotels, restaurants, and similar
large commercial structures to locate outside of
erosion prone areas.
3. Policies which deal with the acquisition of parcels
located in hazard areas, or rendered unbuildable, for
the purpose of public access.
All existing structures which do not conform to the county's
mitigation policies can only be subject to the existing regula-
tions. No additional requirements will be imposed. The latter two
policy areas, above, cannot be effectively addressed by Hyde
County, since they appear to be more applicable to oceanfront
areas. The oceanfront area on Ocracoke Island is under the juris-
diction of the U.S. Park Service.
2. Post -Disaster Reconstruction Plan '
Hyde County recognizes that in the event of a'major storm, it
will be very important to have, at a minimum, a general recovery
and reconstruction plan. This section of the land use plan update
will address this issue.
a. Appointment of a "Post -Disaster Recovery Team"
Prior to a major storm having landfall in the vicinity of Hyde '
County, when evacuation orders are issued, the Chairman of the
County Board of Commissioners, who is the head of the control group
as stated in the evacuation plan, shall appoint a "Post -Disaster
Recovery Team." This team shall consist of all of the members of
the evacuation plan support group also identified in the Hyde
County evacuation plan, and others whom the chairman may appoint.
The total team may consist of the following:
1.
County Manager
2.
County Finance Officer
3.
Emergency Preparedness Coordinator (team leader)
4.
Sheriff - Law Enforcement
5.
County Building Inspector
6.
Director of Social Services
7.
County Health Director
8.
Superintendent of Schools
9.
Fire Marshall/Fire Chief
10.
Tax Supervisor
11.
Chairman of the Ocracoke Sanitation District
12.
Rescue Chief
13.
Public Information Officer
14.
Red Cross Representative
15.
National Park Representative

The Emergency Preparedness Coordinator will serve as the team
leader and will be responsible to the chairman of the Board of
Commissioners. The base of operations will be the emergency
operations center (EOC) identified in the county evacuation plan
(the County Courthouse in Swan Quarter). The Disaster Recovery
Team will be responsible for the following:
1. Establishing an overall restoration schedule.
2. Setting restoration priorities.
3. Determining requirements for outside assistance and
requesting such assistance when beyond local
capabilities.
4. Keeping the appropriate county and state officials
informed.
5. Keeping the public informed.
6. Assembling and maintaining records of actions taken
and expenditures and obligations incurred.
r7. Recommending to the Chairman of the Board of Commis-
sioners to proclaim a local "state of emergency" if
warranted.
8. Commencing and coordinating cleanup; debris removal
and utility restoration which would include coordi-
nation of restoration activities undertaken by private
utility companies.
9. Coordinating repair and restoration of essential
public facilities and services in accordance with
determined priorities.
10. Assisting private businesses and individual property
owners in obtaining information on the various types
of assistance that might be available to them from
federal and state agencies.
b. Immediate Cleanup and Debris Removal
Coordination of this activity will be the responsibility of
the Disaster Recovery Team.
c. Long Term Recovery/Restoration
The Disaster Recovery Team will be responsible for overseeing
the orderly implementation of the reconstruction process after a
major storm or hurricane in accordance with the county's policies.

1. Damage Assessments
Damage assessments will be necessary to determine as
quickly as possible a realistic estimate of the amount of ,
damage caused by a hurricane or major storm. Information
such as the number of structures damaged, the magnitude of
damage, and the estimated total dollar loss will need to '
be developed.
As soon as practical after the storm, i.e., after clear-
ance of major highways and paved roads in the county, the
Disaster Recovery Team Leader shall set up a Damage
Assessment Team (DAC) consisting of the building
inspector, emergency preparedness coordinator, a local
realtor or building contractor, and appropriate personnel
from the Hyde County tax department. The DAC will immedi-
ately begin to make "windshield" surveys of damaged struc-
tures to initially assess damages and provide a prelim-
inary dollar value of repairs or replacement. The follow-
ing general procedures and criteria should be utilized:
The flood insurance policy coverage for property owners in
flood hazard areas should be updated before each hurricane
season. This can be accomplished in concert with the
mortgage institutions. Annual updates should be kept
available in the Hyde County Manager's office and Ocracoke
Sanitation District office for estimating the value of
sustained damages covered by hazard insurance.
In order to produce the damage value information required,
the following methodology is recommended:
a. The number of businesses and residential structures
that have been damaged should be summarized by damage
,
classification category.
b. The value of each damaged structure should be obtained
from the marked set of town tax maps and multiplied by
the following percentages for appropriate damage
classification category:
° Destroyed - 100%
° Major Damage - 50%
° Minor Damage (uninhabitable) - 250 '
° Habitable - 10%
c. The total value of damages should be summarized. ,
d. The estimated value loss covered by hazard insurance
should then be determined by: 1) estimating full '
coverage for all damaged structures for situations
where the average value of such coverage exceeds the

1
1
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amount of damage to the structure; and 2) multiplying
the number of structures where damage exceeds the
average value of insurance coverage by the average
value of such coverage.
e. Damage assessment reports should be obtained from the
assessment teams and the data should then be consol-
idated into a single county damage assessment report
which should be forwarded to the appropriate state
officials.
f. Damage to public roads and utility systems should be
estimated by utilizing current construction costs for
facilities by lineal foot (e.g., 10' water line
replacement cost = X$/LF).
In order to estimate total damage values, Hyde County
should have the following information available for use at
the County Manager's office and the Ocracoke Sanitation
District office:
° A set of property tax maps (including aerial photo-
graphs) identical to those utilized by the damage
assessment field team.
° County maps delineating areas assigned to each team.
° Copies of all county property tax records. This infor-
mation should indicate the estimated value of all com-
mercial and residential structures within the county.
Because time will be of the essence, it is recommended
that the county immediately commence a project listing
the property values of existing structures in unincorpo-
rated areas of the county on the appropriate lots of the
property tax maps that will be kept at the Emergency
Operations Center. While somewhat of a tedious job, it
should be manageable if it is initiated now and com-
pleted over a 2 to 3 month period. The information will
prove invaluable if a storm disaster does occur. This
set of tax maps should be updated annually prior to the
hurricane season.
' Each damage assessment will be documented according to
county tax records. Also, county tax maps (including
aerial photographs) and/or records may be used for identi-
fication purposes. The total estimated dollar value of
damages will be summarized and reported to the Disaster
Recovery Team Leader.
2. Reconstruction Development Standards
Generally, reconstruction shall be held at least to the
same standards as before the storm. However, developed
structures which were destroyed and which did not conform
9

to the county's storm hazard mitigation policies, i.e.,
with basic measures to reduce damage by high winds, flood-
ing, wave action or erosion, must be redeveloped according
to those policies and the policies contained in this plan.
'
In the event the loss of property containing shoreline
structures is substantial enough to prohibit the reissuing
of a septic tank permit, the county will support the
,
decision of the sanitarian. In some instances, this may
mean relocation of construction, or no reconstruction at
all. To the extent feasible, when relocation is required,
such relocation will be placed in less hazardous areas.
,
Building permits to restore destroyed or damaged struc-
tures which were built in conformance with the State
Building Code and county storm hazard mitigation policies
,
shall be issued automatically. All structures suffering
major damage will be repaired.according to the State
Building Code. All structures suffering minor damage,
regardless of location, will be allowed to be rebuilt to
,
the original condition prior to the storm.
3. Development Moratoria
,
a. Mainland
Hyde County, because of a lack of densely populated
areas, does not foresee the need to prohibit any and
all development for any specified period of time on
the mainland. Residents shall be allowed to proceed
with redevelopment and reconstruction as soon as
practical.and in accordance with the various levels of
state and federal disaster relief provided to them.
Damage to the properties in some areas of the county
may indicate a higher susceptibility to storm damage
than other areas. If the county determines that some
areas are more vulnerable to storm damage than others,
then the Board of Commissioners may declare a develop-
ment moratorium, prohibiting all redevelopment for a
specified period of time. This will allow the county
time to assess previous damage mitigation policies for
their effectiveness and possible modification.
,
b. Ocracoke Island
An interim development moratorium may be required on ,
Ocracoke Island in order to give Hyde County time to
assess damages, and to make sound decisions. Such a
moratorium must be temporary and it must be reasonably
related to the public health, safety and welfare.
It is not possible to determine prior to a storm
whether a temporary development moratorium will be
needed. Such a measure should only be used if damage
on Ocracoke Island is very serious and if redevelop- '
ment of the Island in the same manner as previously
10 1

existed would submit the residents of the area to
similar public health and safety problems. The Hyde
' County policy regarding the proclamation of a tempo-
rary development moratorium shall be to:
Require the Hyde County Recovery Task Force
to assess whether a Temporary Development
Moratorium is needed on Ocracoke Island
'
within one week after the damage assessment
process is completed. Such an assessment
should clearly document why such a moratorium
is needed, delineate the specific uses that
'
would be affected by the moratorium, propose
a specific schedule of activities and actions
that will be taken during the moratorium
period, and establish a specific time period
during which the moratorium will be in
effect.
'
4.
Repair/Reconstruction Schedule
The
following schedule of activities and time frame are
proposed with the realistic idea that many factors of a
hurricane may render the schedule unfeasible.
'
Activity Time Frame
1)
Complete initial damage Immediately after'storm
assessment. passes..
2)
Complete second phase damage Completed by second week
assessment after the storm.
3)
Prepare summary of Completed one week after
reconstruction priorities second phase damage
assessment is completed.
4)
Decision with regard to One week after second
imposition of temporary phase assessment is
development moratorium completed.
5)
for Ocracoke Island
Set Completed after
reconstruction one week
priorities and prepare summary of reconstruction
master reconstruction needs is completed
schedule
6)
Begin repairs to critical As soon as possible after
utilities and facilities disaster.
7)
Permitting of reconstruction One week after second
activities for all structures phase damage assessment
receiving minor damage not is completed
'
included in Ocracoke development
moratorium area
1 11

Activity Time Frame
8) Permitting of reconstruction Two weeks after second
activities for all structures phase damage assessment
receiving major damage not is completed '
included in Ocracoke development
moratorium area
9) Initiate assessment of existing Two weeks after second
mitigation policies phase damage assessment
is completed
10) Complete re-evaluation of The length of the period ,
hazard areas and mitigation for conducting reevalu-
policies in areas subjected to ations and receiving input
Ocracoke development from the state should not
moratorium exceed two months '
11) Review mitigation policies and Two months after temporary
development standards for areas Ocracoke development
subjected to Ocracoke development moratorium is imposed.
moratorium and lift development (Subject to change based on
moratorium circumstances encountered)
12) Permit new development Upon suspension of any
temporary Ocracoke
,
development moratorium
5. Agency Responsible for Implementation
,
The Chairman of the Hyde County Board of Commissioners, as
chief elected official of the county, will serve as over-
all emergency coordinator. The Board Chairman will dele-
gate the oversight of the reconstruction and recovery
effort and implementation of the plan.
6. Repair and Replacement Public Utilities
of
If water lines or any component of the water system are
damaged and it is determined that sewage treatment facili-
'
ties and/or roads can be relocated to a less hazardous
location, then they will be relocated during recon-
struction.
7. Permitting
a. Building permits to restore structures located
i
outside of designated AEC areas that were pre-
viously built in conformance with local codes,
standards, the provisions of the North Carolina
'
Building Code, and the Ocracoke Development
Ordinance shall be issued automatically.
12 1

' b. All structures suffering major damages as defined
in the county's Damage Assessment Plan shall be
repaired or rebuilt to conform with the provisions
of the North Carolina Building Code, the Hyde
County Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance, and the
Ocracoke Development Ordinance.
c. All structures suffering minor damage as defined
in the Hyde County Damage Assessment Plan shall be
permitted to be rebuilt to their original state
before the storm condition, provided construction
complies with the policies of this plan and the
Ocracoke Development Ordinance.
3. Hurricane Evacuation Plan
Both Hyde County and Ocracoke Island have adopted official
"Hurricane Evacuation Plan" documents. The evacuation plan is
' supported by the Hyde County Civil Preparedness Ordinance and the
Hyde County State of Emergency Ordinance. The following outline
summarizes these plans.
A. Early alerting of officials and concerned agencies in the
entire county.
B. Control groups for both Hyde County and Ocracoke will
coordinate activities within and between the two areas.
In addition, the two control groups will coordinate
' overall direction and decision -making.
C. Increased readiness actions taken progressively as the
hurricane approaches and as the threat of injury and
damage increases.
D. Evacuation of residents and visitors on beaches and in
threatened low-lying areas upon decision of the control
group.
E. Primary evacuation of Ocracoke will be in coordination
with Dare County, and evacuees will move through Dare
County. The Cedar Island ferry schedule will be
terminated, and all sound -class ferries will run trips to
Swan Quarter as long as possible. The Hatteras ferries
will operate as long as weather conditions permit. When
an evacuation has been ordered, no one will be required to
pay a ferry fee when leaving the island.
F. Persons leaving Ocracoke on the last run of the Cedar
' Island and Swan Quarter ferries should continue inland and
not require local shelter. These ferries will not be a
major factor in evacuation due to time required for a
trip.
1 13

G. One-way ferry traffic from Ocracoke will be strictly
maintained. Only residents, homeowners, and emergency
personnel involved in the evacuation will be allowed to
travel from Hatteras, Cedar Island or Swan Quarter to
Ocracoke. (See Ocracoke Hurricane Preparation Plan for
further details.)
H. Movement of evacuees to designated and operating public
shelters, or out of Hyde County and the threatened area.
I. Mass care for evacuees in predesignated shelters in
accordance with agreements.
J. Re-entry of evacuees to evacuated areas when authorized by
the control group and when the hurricane threat has passed
or damage assessments indicate that re-entry is feasible.
K. Local governments request state and/or federal assistance
as necessary before or after a hurricane.
4. Re-entry
Factors regarding re-entry are also included in the county
Hurricane Evacuation Plan and the Ocracoke Hurricane Preparation
Plan. Because of the possibility of fallen power lines or tele-
phone lines, re-entry will be closely coordinated with the utility
companies, such as VEPCO. Specifically, the hurricane plan
states:
A. Upon cancellation of all hurricane
which include Hyde County, and when
experienced, the control group will
all evacuated areas.
1
warnings and watches '
no damage has been
authorize re-entry to
B. When hurricane damages have resulted, re-entry to
evacuated areas will be based upon damage assessments and
•any rescue or other relief operations in progress.
Re-entry will be authorized by the control group to
specific evacuated areas and under conditions specified.
C.. The Ocracoke Emergency Management Control Group will
authorize re-entry to the island as quickly as possible.
Re-entry by way of Swan Quarter is advised. Priority of
re-entry is outlined in the Ocracoke plan.
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