Land Use Plan Update-1986

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Division of Coastal Management
HERTFORD-COUNTY
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE

HERTFORD COUNTY
LAND USE PLAN
UPDATE
The preparation of this plan was financed in part through
a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Manage-
ment Act of 197.29 as amended, which is administered by the
Office of Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.
PREPARED FOR THE
HERTFORD COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
BY THE
MID -EAST COMMISSION
1986

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1. Introduction ....................................... 1
II. Data Collection and Analysis ....................... 3
A. Present Conditions ........................ 3
B. Constraints: Land Suitability ............ 22
C. Constraints: Capacity of Community
Facilities..............................33
D. Estimated Demand ..........................43
E. Summary ................... ..............47
F. Major Conclusions .........................49
III. Policy Statements ............... 55
A. Resource Protection .......................56
B. Resource Production and Management ........ 63
C. Economic and Community Development ........ 66
D. Continuing Public Participation ........... 72
E.*' Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster
Recovery and Evacuation Plans ........... 74
F. Proposed Five -Year Work Program ........... 83
IV. Land Classification ................................ 86
A. Developed.................................86
8. Transition................................87
C. Community ................ ...............90
D. Rural.....................................90
E. Conservation .............. ..............91
V. Relationship of Policies and Land Classification... 93
A. Developed and Transition Classes .......... 93
B. Community Class ............................93
C. Rural Class...............................94
D. Conservation Class........................94
VI. Intergovernmental Coordination and Implementation.. 96
VII. Public Participation ............................... 98
Appendix A: Technical Index.......................100
Map: Existing Land Use Map, 1985....... Back Cover Pocket
Map: Land Classification Map, 1985..... Back Cover Pocket
Map: Hazard Areas Map, 1985............. Back Cover Pocket

I. INTRODUCTION
Hertford County has long been an adherent of the Land Use
Planning process. Consequently, this document represents the
County's enthusiastic endeavor to conform to the requirements of
the Coastal Area Management Act. It is written in accordance with
the amended Land Use Planning Guidelines, Sub. 7H of 15 NCAC,
effective as of July 1984, updated again in February, 1985. The
original, first update, and present update will serve as a
"blueprint" for future development in Hertford County.
According to the Land Use Planning Guidelines, the major.
purpose of periodic updating of local land use plans is to
identify and analyze emerging community issues and problems, and
help local governments establish and enforce policies to guide
the development of their Counties.
The guidelines further define the following objectives the
update should meet:
1. to further define and refine local policies and issues;
Z. to further examine and refine the land classification
system and the land classification map;
3. to further explore implementation procedures and;
4. to promote a better understanding of the land use
planning process.
As the preceding objectives reflect a continuing refinement
of the original CAMA 1976 Plan, then the original plan should be
utilized as a base for this update.. This is logical since some
1

of the data incorporated into the original and first update are
still applicable today. Thus, this update will periodically
refer to the 1976 CAMA Plan and 1980 Update.
The Land Use Plan is also to be an instrument for local
units of government to use in addressing and developing local
policies to guide in the development of their communities.
In order to fulfill and promote the preceding objectives,
the Land Use Guidelines state that four basic elements must be
addressed. These basic elements are:
1. a summary of data collection and analysis;
2. an existing land use map;
3. policy discussion; and;
4. a land classification map.
In addition to these four elements, issues addressed in the
1976 Plan and the 1980 Update are still relevant will be identi-
fied and analyzed. Consequently, this update will, where
applicable, refer to the 1976 document and the 1980 previous
update. New issues not existing in 1976 or 1980, such as
hurricane damage and possible mitigation strategies, will also
be addressed.
2

II. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
A. Present Conditions
1. Population and Economy
There has been no significant change in population trends in
Hertford County since the 1980 CAMA Land Use Plan Update. Table
1 indicates the population changes that have occurred in the
County and municipalities from 1970 through the 1983 estimates.
All towns, except Cofield, experienced a decrease in popula-
tion ranging from 4.3% in Ahoskie to 5B% in Como between the
1970 and 1980 Census. The 1983 estimate of population, however,
indicates that the County has had an overall increase in popula-
tion of 1.6% since 1980.
TABLE 1
POPULATION
HERTFORD COUNTY AND MUNICIPALITIES
1970, 1980 AND 1983
1970
1980
1983
Hertford County
23,529
23,368
23,739
Ahoskie
5,105
41887
4,880
Cofield
318
465
517
Como
211
89
92
Harrellsville
165
151
151
Murfreesboro
4,418
3,007
2,974
Winton
917
825
837
Source: North Carolina Municipal Population
Office of State Budget and Management, 1984.
U. S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
Final Population and Housing Unit Counts,
March 1981.
3

TABLE 2
PROJECTED POPULATION
BY RACE, SEX AND PERCENTAGE OF GRAND TOTAL
HERTFORD COUNTY
1985 AND 1990
1980
%
1985
%
1990
White
Male
4,951
(21.2)
4,857
(20.5)
4,676
(19.7)
White
Female
5,352
(22.9)
5,163
(21.8)
4,970
(20.9)
Total
10,303
(44.1)
109020
(42.3)
9,646
(40.7)
Other
Male
6,109
(26.1)
6,537
(27.6)
6,787
(28.6)
Other
Female
6,956
(29.8)
7,106
(30.0)
7,295
(30.7)
Total
13,065
(55.9)
13,643
(57.7)
14,082
(59.3)
GRAND
TOTAL
23,368
(100.0)
23,663
(100.0)
23,728
(100.0)
Source: North Carolina Office of State Budget and Manage-
ment, 1983.
Table 2 shows the 1985 and 1990 population projections by
race and sex as compared to the 1980 Census data. As the table
denotes, Hertford County's population will continue a slight
increase, however, the racial composition is projected to be
42.3% white and 57.7% other (Black, Eskimo, Native American)
for 1985 and 40.7% and 59.3% respectively for 1990. This
forecasts a further decrease in the white population from 1980.
Past trends and future projections connote a continuing decrease
in the white population into the next decade.
It must be noted that projections can be skewed positively or
negatively by many unforeseen factors or actions. However, in
Hertford County's case, we feel that these projections may well
be an accurate assessment of our future.
4

Hertford County's past economy was dominated by agricul-
tural employment. Presently, agricultural employment is 4.4% of
total employment and has shown a consistent decline since 1974.
The latest available labor force statistics (1985) indicate
that of the total civilian labor force of 11,780, total employ-
ment is 10,670. Agricultural employment accounts for 470
persons; non-agricultural employment is 10,200. Manufacturing
employment accounts for 25.6% of the labor force. The occupa-
tional structure of Hertford County is 74.9% skilled and semi-
skilled. This is an asset for the County in its quest for more
industry since little additional training would be required for
industrial employment.
Table 3 indicates manufacturing firms in Hertford County at
the current time. Three (3) manufacturing firms: Carolina
Billets, an aluminum smelting plant; Chowan Trading Company,
Inc., an export-import company; and Northeastern Construction,
a pre -stressed concrete company have located in Hertford County
since 1980 adding 100 or more jobs. Other significant employment
factors in Hertford County include the impact of approximately
320 transient or commuter employees to the Tidewater ship -build-
ing and other marine industries.
Hertford County presently has an unemployment rate of 4.5%
(September 1985). This marks a substantial decrease from 9.3% a
year earlier.
5

The agricultural economic picture for the County according
to the 1982 Census of Agriculture shows that the County's
farmers sold $26.8 million in agricultural products. Of this
amount, 83% represented sales from crops, while 17% came from
sales of livestock, poultry, and their products. The Census
also indicates that the number of farms decreased from 437 to
349, but that the land used for crops increased to 50,707 acres.
Much discussion about the tobacco subsidy program and the
effect on the economy, should this program be eliminated, is
causing concern for many North Carolina counties. Hertford
County, though a tobacco producer, does not have an economy
which is tied heavily to tobacco, nor is tobacco the major
source of agriculture revenue. The 1982 value of the tobacco
yield was $7,160,000 compared to the $10,583,000 value of the
peanut crop. Hertford County is one of the leading peanut
producers in North Carolina. The County's combined corn and
soybean production is valued greater (7,455,000) than the
tobacco yield and as such, the possible loss of the program
poses less of a threat to the County's economy than previously
thought. There is justifiable reason to suppose that the
economy will remain a viable economy. The per capita income,
for instance, has shown a steady increase from $2,295 in 1969
to $7,129 in 1981. .
6

Hertford County does not envision any significant land use
changes or practices resulting from the population and economic
shifts. The economic activities discussed should have no effect
on coastal land and water resources.
TABLE 3
MANUFACTURING FIRMS
HERTFORD COUNTY, 1984
Emolovment
Firm
Location
Product
Range
Bennett Box Co.
Ahoskie
Boxes
145-155
Blue Bell
Ahoskie
Apparel
135-145
Brittenham Rebuild-
ing Services, Inc.
Ahoskie
Rebuilding Car
5-10
Parts
Carolina"Billets
Ahoskie
Smelting
Aluminum
60-70
Columbia Peanut Co.
Ahoskie
Peanuts
20-50
Commerical Ready
Ahoskie
Ready Mix
Mix
Concrete
5-10
FCX, Inc.
Ahoskie
Fertilizer
10-20
Fabco, Inc.
Ahoskie
Laminated
50-100
Paneling
Freeman Metal Works
Ahoskie
Caskets
50
Georgia-Pacific
Ahoskie
Lumber
90-100
H. T. Jones Co.
Ahoskie
Lumber
50-100
Lucas Machine &
Ahoskie
Metal Work
11
Welding Co.
Parker Brothers
Ahoskie
Printing
140-150
Perdue, Inc.
Ahoskie
Grain Process-
10-20
ing
Pierce Printing Co.
Ahoskie
Commerical
10-20
Printing
Ramsey Lumber
Ahoskie
Lumber
50-100
Commerical Ready
Cofield
Concrete
10-20
Mix
Perdue Farms, Inc.
Cofield
Soybean
114
Processing
Chowan Milling Co.
Como
Grain Mill
7
7

Employment
Firm
Location
Product
Range
Chowan Trading
Harrellsville
Export -Import
4-8
Co., Inc.
Hapco
Harrellsville
Apparel
95-105
Harrellsville
Harrellsville
Machine Shop
10-20
Metal Works
Facet Enterprises
Murfreesboro
Fuel Pumps
105-115
Facet Enterprises,
Murfreesboro
Auto Parts
100-250
Inc.
Assembly
Georgia-Pacific
Murfreesboro
Baskets
345-355
Howell Metal Corp.
Murfreesboro
Industrial
30
Equipment
Parts
Murfreesboro
Murfreesboro
Fabrication
15-25
Machine Shop
Machinery
Revelle Agri.
Murfreesboro
Feed -Seed
20-30
Products
Revelle Builders
Murfreesboro
Butler
10-20
Buildings
Rollic of NC
Murfreesboro
Sportswear
265-275
& Piece
Goods
Rose Brothers
Murfreesboro
Asphalt
25-35
Paving Co.
Tulloss Industrial
Murfreesboro
Industrial
10-14
Equipment
Repair
Carolina Aluminum
Winton
Aluminum
628-638
Extrusion
Source: 1985-1986 Directory of
North Carolina
Manufacturing
Firms;
North Carolina
Department of Commerce,
Industrial Development
Division, 1984
and Hertford
County
Office of Industrial
Development, 19e5.
8

2. Existing Land Use
Subsequent to the Land Use Plan Update of 1980 few major
land 'use patterns have changed in Hertford County. Table 4
lists the breakdown of land uses within the county.
TABLE 4
LAND USES BY ACREAGE AND PERCENTAGE
HERTFORD COUNTY
1985
Land Use Acreage Percentage
Forestry 151,700 65.5%
Cropland and Pastures 59,700 25.8%
Rivers and Lakes 5,000 2.2%
Urban -type Areas 5,200 2.2%
Other 10,000 4.3%
TOTAL 231,600 100.0%
Source: Profile North Carolina Counties; Office of State
Budget and Management, Sixth Edition, 1981; page
110.
Analysis of present data and comparison with past records
indicate that no significant land use has changed or is now
devoted to new land uses.
Harvested cropland in Hertford County has decreased from
52,300 acres in 1982 to 43,800 acres in 1983. This is due to
the federal Payment in Kind (PIK) program; a decrease in
tobacco and peanut acreage allotment; acreage devoted to land
application systems; and only minimally by land transition to
urban uses. A March 1983 annexation by the Town of Ahoskie has
NC Agricultural Statistics, 1984; NC Dept. of Agriculture
9

added 13.23 acres of land to the urban category. The annexed
properties are located 2 1/2 miles southwest of Ahoskie near NC
561 and NC 11. Future annexations (pending in Murfreesboro and
Winton) will add additional land to the urban category; however,
not in any significant amount.
An investigation of the existing land use map and Table 1
discloses that Hertford County's population is distributed
fairly evenly within the County and concentrated linearly along
the transportation routes. This is the prevalent pattern
throughout the County with the exception of some clustering near
the population centers within the County. For the present, the
County's development patterns are such that no significant
compatibility problems are likely to occur.
Land use pattern discussions are incomplete without address-
ing land which has environmental significance. Hertford County
has three (3) categories designated as Areas of Environmental
Concern (AEC). The first of these is Estuarine Waters.
Estuarine Waters act as spawning grounds, hatcheries and nursery
areas for many forms of aquatic life and should be protected and
are subject to developmental regulation and control. Within
Hertford County, the Chowan and Meherrin Rivers are Estuarine
Waters Areas of Environmental Concern.
The second type of AEC's within the County is Public Trust
Waters. Public Trust Waters are those waters whose benefits
belong to the public whether for commercial or recreational
10

enjoyment. Land uses that infringe upon the Public Trust Waters
must be regulated and controlled. Activities that might block
or impair existing navigational channels, increase beach of
shoreline erosion, deposit soils below mean high tide cause
adverse water circulation patterns, violate water quality
standards, or cause degradation of shellfish waters are generally
incompatible with the management of Public Trust Waters. Algae
blooms in the Chowan River had emphasized the necessity for
controls and regulations to prevent the degradation of Public
Trust Waters. In order to control development in these sensitive
areas, Hertford County has been issuing special minor CAMA
permits. All waters in the County that are navigable and to
which the public has the right of use are Public Trust Waters
Areas of Environmental Concern. In Hertford County these are the
Chowan, Meherrin and Wiccacon Rivers. Many Public Trust Waters
also overlap Estuarine Waters.
The last class of AEC's in Hertford County is Estuarine
Shorelines. These shorelines are located along the previously
mentioned Chowan and Meherrin Rivers. The shorelines extend
from the mean high water level along the County's estuarine
waters for a distance of 75 feet landward.
Within the three (3) previously mentioned AEC's, the County
has been issuing minor development CAMA permits. With the
enforcement of CAMA permits in these areas of environmental
concern, the local enforcement efforts have been able to
11

effectively control development in these areas. The County is
aware that locally nominated areas of environmental concern can.
be suggested to the Coastal Resources Commission; however, the
County does not feel that additional areas of the County
require AEC designation at this time.
The value of CAMA permits in sensitive areas is accepted in
Hertford County because of the nutrient pollution problems on
the Chowan River. While the restoration of the river is a
major local and state goal, the future protection and enhance-
ment of the County's rivers through such means as land develop-
ment controls will remain a high priority. The designation of
AEC helps provide the means to enhance this protection.
Other areas of concern in the County are areas which have
been classified as Conservation and Coastal Wetlands under the
1976 and 1980 CAMA plans. Conservation areas are situated
along the Chowan, Meherrin and Wiccacon Rivers, and along
creeks and ponds. These areas have been so designated because
of their uniqueness and contribution to the integrity of
coastal natural environment. (See Land Classification Map).
Although Hertford County lies 55-60 miles west of the Atlantic
coastline, some small Coastal Wetlands may exist within the area.
3. Current Plans, Policies and Regulations
Transportation Plans
In the 1980 CAMA Land Use Plan Update, a preliminary
Thoroughfare Plan was prepared by the North Carolina Department
12

of Transportation. This plan analyzed the existing traffic
patterns and suggested a plan for highway and street improvement.
The plan was subsequently adopted in 1981 and the suggestions
have been implemented. Table 5 is a summary of the highway
mileages in Hertford County.
TABLE 5
HIGHWAY MILEAGE BY SYSTEMS
HERTFORD COUNTY
1983
Primary 110.57
Secondary 336.04
Total 446.61
Paved 343.56
Unpaved 103.05
Total 446.61
Source: North Carolina State Government Statistical
Abstract, 5th ed., 1984.
A Transportation Development Plan for Bertie, Halifax,
Hertford and Northampton Counties was completed in March 1985.
This plan reveals that commercial transportation within the
study area is inadequate for the needs of the citizens. The
study indicates that the area is serviced by one intercity
carrier, Carolina Trailways, and one intra-area public carrier,
the Choanoke Public Transportation Authority. Private transpor-
tation providers operate a limited number of licensed taxis
within the counties.
Carolina Trailways serves the towns of Ahoskie and Murfrees-
boro in Hertford County. Service from Murfreesboro to Weldon/
13

Roanoke Rapids, Raleigh and Rocky Mount is provided by Carolina
Trailways. Greyhound Lines does not operate in Hertford County.
Public transportation in the area is provided by the Choanoke
Public Transportation Authority (CPTA). CPTA has fixed routes
and demand responsive routes within the service area. The
system has 16 passenger vans and operates from 6:00 am to 6:30
pm five days a week. Transportation is provided to medical
appointments, Social Services, Community Colleges, group shopping
trips, and Older Americans nutrition sites. Charter service is
also available.
Taxi service within Hertford County is provided by Branches
Taxi of Ahoskie operating three (3) vehicles and George's Taxi
of Murfreesboro operating one (1) vehicle. Monthly ridership
figures average about 150 trips for Branches and 240 trips for
George's.
Communities Facilities Plan
Hertford County does not have a Comprehensive Community
Facilities Plan. A Region Q Water Management Plan, prepared for
the Mid -East Commission in 1975, examined the water and sewer
needs of Hertford County. Some of the needs identified have
been rectified and some units of government are in the process
of initiating or finalizing projects. Since the previous
update, Murfreesboro has finalized its wastewater treatment
facility and the plant is now operational. The Town of Winton's
wastewater treatment project is approximately fifty percent (50%)
14.

completed at this writing. The Town of Harrellsville has
upgraded its water system and Ahoskie is in the land acquisition
process in preparation for a wastewater facility. Other munici-
palities within the County rely on septic tanks and wells as
sewer and water facilities respectively.
Open Space and Recreation Policy
Hertford County does not have a Comprehensive Recreation
Plan, but relies on the municipalities to develop their own
plans and policies. The County allocates funds from Revenue
Sharing monies to the municipalities based on a population
formula. Municipalities are then free to provide their own
recreational activities.
Water related activities are a big part of recreation
throughout the County. Currently public access is available at
Chowan and Tuscarora beaches as well as several private beaches.
Boat landings are scattered along the County's rivers at Mur-
freesboro, Swain's Mill, Tunis (2), Parker's Ferry and Reid's
Ferry.
Prior Land Use Plans
Hertford County had its prior land use plan prepared under
the North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act Program in 1976
and an update in 19eO. The Hertford County Planning Board,
which has been in existence for 17 years, has been extremely
active in guiding land use planning activities.
15

Prior Land Use Policies
Hertford County's general land use policies were established
under the 1976 CAMA Plan and revised in the 1980 Land Use Plan
Update. Current policies are found within this document.
Local Regulations
A listing of regulations which Hertford County is enforcing
is compiled and presented below:
a. Flood Plain Restrictions - Hertford County is presently
enforcing flood plain restrictions through their Zoning
Ordinance. Flood hazard areas have been identified and
mapped. The County is not participating in the National
Flood Insurance Program, but=..is presently considering
participation.
b. Building Codes - The County enforces all North Carolina
Building, Electrical, Plumbing and Mechanical Codes.
c. Septic Tank Regulations - Septic tank regulations are
being enforced by the Hertford -Gates County District
Health Department in accordance with State standards.
d. Other Land Use Ordinances - Hertford County enforces
a number of ordinances such as zoning, subdivision and
mobile home, and utilizes the CAMA minor development
permits process. Hertford County's Building Inspector
administers these and other related ordinances.
e. State and Federal Regulations - As indicated, Hertford
County enforces a number of regulations which have a
significant impact of land use decisions. Also, many
16

state and federal regulations influence the County's
land use decisions. Tables b and 7 list those State
and Federal Regulations.
Hertford County does not have ordinances relating to Historic
Districts, nuisances, dune protection or environmental impact.
However, it is noted that they require an environmental impact
statement or assessment by new industry locating in the County
and their Zoning Ordinance does allow for the establishment of
Historic Districts.
,7

TABLE 6
STATE DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS
Agency Licenses and Permits
Department of Natural Resources - Permits to discharge to sur-
and Community Development face waters or operate waste-
water treatment plants or oil
discharge permits; NPDES Per-
mits, (G.S. 143-215).
Division of Environmental
Management
Permits for septic tanks that
serve industrial process
water flow or are community
owned. Such systems owned
by the State or Federal
government are under the
jurisdiction of the Health
Department, (G.S. 143-215.3).
- Permits for air pollution
abatement facilities and
sources (G.S. 143-215.108).
Permits for construction of
complex sources; e.g. parking
lots, subdivision, stadiums,
etc. (G.S. 143-215.109).
- Permits for construction of
a well over 100,000 gallons/
day (G.S. 87-88).
Department of Natural Resources - Permits to dredge and/or fill
and Community Development in estuarine waters, tide -
Division of Coastal Management lands, etc. (G.S. 113-229).
- Permits to undertake develop-
ment in Areas of Environ-
mental Concern (G.S. 113A-
118).
Note: Minor development
permits are issued by the
local government.
18

TABLE 6 CONTINUED
Department of Natural Resources - Permits to alter or construct
and Community Development dams (G.S. 143-215.66).
Division of Land Resources
- Permits to mine (G.S. 74-51).
- Permits to drill exploratory
oil or gas wells (G.S. 113-
3B1).
- Permits to conduct geograph-
ical explorations (G.S.
113-391).
- Sedimentation erosion control
plans for any land disturb-
ing activity of over one
contiguous acre (G.S.
113A-54).
Department of Natural Resources - Permits to construct oil
and Community Development refineries.
Secretary of NRCD
Department of Administration - Easements to fill where lands
are proposed to be raised
above the normal high water
mark or navigable waters
(G.S. 146.6).
Department of Human Resources - Approval to operate a
solid waste disposal site
or facility (G.S. 130-
166.16).
- Approval for construction
of any public water supply
facility that furnishes
water to ten or more
residences (G.S. 130-
160.1).
- Permits for septic tank
systems of 3000 gallons/day
or less capacity (G.S.
130-160).
Source: CAMA Land Use Plan Update, Hertford County, NC,
1980.
19

TABLE 7
FEDERAL DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS
Agency
Army Corps of Engineers
(Department of Defense)
Licenses and Permits
- Permits required under
Sections 9 and 10 of the
Rivers and Harbors Act of
1899; permits to construct
in navigable waters.
- Permits required under
Section 103 of the Marine
Protection, Research and
Sanctuaries Act of 1972.
- Permits required under
Section 404 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control
Act; permits to undertake
dredging and/or filling
activities.
Coast Guard - Permits for bridges, cause -
(Department of Transportation) ways and pipelines over
navigable waters required
under the General Bridge
Act of 1946 and the Rivers
and Harbors Act of 1899.
Geological Survey
Bureau of Land Management
(Department of Interior)
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
(Department of Energy)
- Deep water port permits.
- Permits required for off-
shore drilling.
- Approval of OCS pipeline
corridor rights -of -ways.
- Licenses for siting, con-
struction and operation
of nuclear power plants
required under the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954 and
Title II of the Energy
Reorganization Act of
1974.
20

TABLE 7 CONTINUED
Federal Energy Regulation
Commission (Department of
Energy)
- Permits for construction,
operation and maintenance
of interstate pipelines
facilities required under
the Natural Gas Act of
1938.
- Orders of interconnection
of electric transmission
facilities under Section
202 (b) of the Federal
Power Act.
- Permission required for
abandonment of natural
gas pipelines and associated
facilities under Section
7C (b) of the Natural
Gas Act of 1938.
Source: CAMA Land Use Plan Update, Hertford County, NC,
1980.
21

B. Constraints: Land Suitability
In instances where conditions have not changed and/or new
data has been made available, the 1976 Plan and the 1980 Update
will be utilized as a reference and source of information.
1) Physical Limitations
a) Man -Made Hazards
(1) The man-made hazards within Hertford County
are limited in number. Existing man-made
hazards consist of eight (8) sites for storage
of flammable liquids or gases. These sites are
not "tank farms", but are home heating and gas
suppliers, and are located at East Memorial
Drive, North Rhue and Catherine Streets, US 13
South, NC 42 Jernigan's Swamp Road in Ahoskie
and in the Millennium Community. Two sites are
located in Murfreesboro at the west and east end
of Main Street.
(2) An additional man-made hazard within the
County is an airport. Tri-County Airport is
located on NC 561 in the southwestern part of
the County and averages thirty (30) take -offs
and landings daily. The airport does not
encroach on the present pattern of urbanization.
Height controls and a limitation on building are
in effect to reduce future conflict with noise
and glidepath patterns.
22

b) Natural Hazards
(1) Natural hazard areas in the County are flood
hazard areas or flood plains of the Chowan and
Meherrin Rivers and their tributaries. The 65-
70 miles of erodible shores of these rivers and
tributaries are also hazard areas. In fact, the
only areas of 12% predominant slope within the
County exist along the rivers and their tribu-
taries. The aforementioned areas are identified
on the composite Hazard Map.
(2) Areas with soil limitations in Hertford County
are found adjacent to and along the banks of the
Chowan, Meherrin and Wiccacon Rivers and their
tributaries. These areas consist of Dorovan-
Bibb-Wehadkee soils. These soils are poorly to
somewhat poorly drained and are hazardous for
building foundations. Poor drainage soils of
the Craven and Lenoir types exist in the Winton
and Cofield areas, and present severe wetness
problems in shallow excavations. These soils
also present limitations for siting of septic
tanks.
(3) A concern on the part of some County residents
relates to the possibility of Hertford County
being selected as a site for the storage and
23

disposal of hazardous waste materials. This
possibility should be very remote due to the
population density, the geologic formations,
and the water table conditions of the County.
(4) Much discussion and controversy exists regard-
ing the effect of water withdrawal by Virginia
sources as well as local usage. The Groundwater
Section of the Division of Environmental Manage-
ment prepared an interim report revealing the
following information:_ "The extensive ground-
water reservoirs of the Coastal Plain region
were considered a relatively unlimited source
of water supply until recent years. Expanding
development of these reservoirs in North
Carolina and adjacent states during the past 20
years and the effects of this development on
water levels and artesian pressures have shown
that the reservoir capacities and recharge rates
are limited." Discussions with an old, est-
ablished well drilling firm substantiates the
fact that the water levels are declining in
private and commercial wells in Hertford County.
According to their experiences, 400' wells
Interim Report on Groundwater Conditions in Northeast-
ern North Carolina; Groundwater Section, Div. of Environ-
mental Management, NCNRCD; Nov. 1977; page 1.
24

drilled 20 years ago had water as close at 15'
to the surface. Today those same wells have
water 35' to 40' below the surface.
Closely related to the groundwater issue is the
matter of recharge which comes principally from
precipitation. It has been estimated that about
20% of the average annual rainfall enters the
water -table aquifer._ This amounts to about 10
inches and represents -about 170 million gallons
per square mile. While these figures do not
indicate a high rate of recharge, it is consid-
ered to be more than sufficient for current
and projected use.
(5) Another issue of concern to County residents is
channelization. Channelization is a process of
artificial drainage of farmland. Approximately
67% of the farmland in the North Carolina Chowan
Watershed is drained as compared to 6% of the
farmland in the Virginia Chowan Watershed. In
addition to this, the study, Land Use, Nutrient
Yield, and Euthrophication in the Chowan'River
Basin, by UNC at Chapel Hill, reveals that a
greater amount of low lying farmland in North
Carolina cannot be tilled without drainage. At
25

the time of the study, in 1978, the Soil Conser-
vation Service had channelized approximately
22% of the stream miles in the North Carolina
Chowan Watershed. The study concludes that this
artificial drainage and runoff of farmlands con-
tribute greatly to nutrient inputs in the
Chowan Watershed.
(6) The concern related to nutrient input polluting
the Chowan is one of Hertford County's oldest
problems. Periodic algae blooms, fish kills and
the outbreak of red sore disease have been
studied and documented (Chowan River Restoration
Project - Action Plan - 1979; Division of En-
vironmental Management, North Carolina Depart-
ment of Natural Resources and Community Develop-
ment). One significant result was the passing
of legislation, in 1979, of the Nutrient Sensi-
tive Water Classification Bill. The Environ-
mental Management Commission declared the Chowan
River a Nutrient Sensitive Area which gives
the County authority to regulate discharge by
issuance of special permits.
2) Fragile Areas - Fragile areas in Hertford County
consist of the estuarine waters of the Chowan and Meherrin
26

Rivers; estuarine shorelines of these rivers and tributaries;
public trust waters; and complex natural areas which consist of
several wooded swamps located along the Chowan River shoreline.
Other fragile areas included in this category are sand dunes,
ocean beaches and shorelines, areas that sustain remnant species
and areas containing unique geologic formations, none of these
areas exist in Hertford County.
The County has also identified numerous sites which contain
churches, stores and houses of archaeological and historical
significance. Tables BA and 8B include registered and unregis-
tered historical sites within the County.
In addition to the registered and unregistered historic
sites, Hertford County also has at least 68 prehistoric archaeo-
logical sites. These are located throughout the County with 27
of these in the Union area, 10 around Mintons Store, 9 around
Harrellsville, and the others spread out in 6 other areas.
27

TABLE BA
REGISTERED HISTORIC SITES
HERTFORD COUNTY
1984
The following sites are on the National Registry:
Building Location
Ahoskie Downtown Historical District Ahoskie
Wynnewood -James Newsome House
Ahoskie
King -Casper -Ward -Bazemore House
Ahoskie
William Mitchell House
Ahoskie
Myrick House
Cofield
Riddick House
Como
Vernon Place
Como
Hare Plantation
Como
Deane House
Menola
Mulberry Grove
Minton's Store
Gray Gable/James S. Mitchell House
Murfreesboro
William Rea Store
Murfreesboro
Roberts -Vaughan House
Murfreesboro
John Wheeler House
Murfreesboro
The Cedars
Murfreesboro
The Columns
Murfreesboro
Freeman House
Murfreesboro
Melrose
Murfreesboro
•Myrick=Yeates-Vaughan House
Murfreesboro
Murfreesboro Historical District
Murfreesboro
Source: Department of Cultural Resources, Computer Printout
July 1984.
28

TABLE BB
UNREGISTERED HISTORIC SITES
HERTFORD COUNTY
1985
AHOSKIE
U. S. Post Office (Former)
E. J. Gerock Dept. Store
Ahoskie Baptist Church (Former)
Masonic Lodge #98
Powell -Myers Farm
Copeland Farm
William H. Jernigan House
Thomas Eley Farm
Newsome-McGlohon House
Andrews Turner House
A. Andrew Newsome House
Dempsey Smith House
Ephriam Feldman House
Richard Baker House
Myers -Barnes House
Jessie Richard Garrett House
McGlohon-Mitchell House
Hayes -Brett House
Bank of Ahoskie
Garrett Hotel
W. D. Newsome Building
Sawyer -Brown Furniture Co.
Hertford Herald Building
R. J. Baker Building
*Capt. Langley Taylor House
Gatling Plantation Site/
Cemetery
The Little Court House
The Shepherd Plantation
Cedar Hill Farm (Warren
Winborne House)
E. L. Garrett Building
Mitchell Furniture Co. Annex
Newsome Grove Baptist Church
James Riddick House
Vinson House
Jenkins House
*John E. Mitchell Farm
House - 303 N. Catherine Street
Rev. James & Mary Sills House
Faulk Alston House
Issac Newsome House
Downs-Phelps-Welch-Guttu House
Howard -Barnes -Phelps House
House - 231 S. Catherine Street
John William Godwin House
Cecil Wiggins House
Whedbee Row
Stephen Henry Leary House
Parker -Powell Buildings
Hotel Comfort
Richard Theatre (Gallery
Theatre)
Mitchell Hotel
*Overton House
*Farmers Atlantic Bank
COMO
Hare Plantation
Buckhorn Baptist Church
The Vernon Place (Cowper
Plantation)
Maney-Riddick House
*Hunting Wild (Bynum Place)
29

TABLE BB
CONTINUED
HARRELLSVILLE
The Abner Harrell House Union Male Academy Site
Harrellsville Methodist Church Former Methodist Parsonage
Scull House Lewis House
Bethlehem Baptist Church Moore House "Maple Lawn"
Sharp House (Evergreen) Pruden House
Lloyd House Cullens House
Snipes -Vincent House
*Rev. Craig House
MENOLA
MURFREESBORO
*Liverman Farm
Rose Bower House
Redmond -Packer House
Old Town Cemetery
Kings Landing Site
Original Murfreesboro House
Site
Trader -Carter House
Indian -Queen Tavern
Murphy-Spiers House
Cowper -Thompson House
Goodman -Jenkins House
Boy Scout Welcome Center
Southall -Neal -Worrell House
Gingerbread House
Morgan -Myrick House
Winborne Law Office/Store
William Rea Museum
Rea -Lassiter House
Jordan Buildings
Peter Williams House
Murfreesboro Law Office
Wheeler -Beaman Store
Southall -Daniels House
Hertford Academy/Southall
Cemetery
Murfreesboro Municipal
Building
Doctor Gay House
*Snipes House
Pipkin-Harrell-Chitty House
McDowell House
Sewell Hotel
E. T. Vinson House
Lawrence Store
The Walter Reed House
Wise Store
Joseph Rea House
Yeates-Vaughan House/Law Office
Lawrence -Barnes House
Parker House
Vaughan Store
Captain L. C. Lawrence House
D. A. Barne's House
Harrell Store
Carter-Deanes House
Morgan-Beaman-Winborne House
The Vinson House
Meherrin Baptist Church
Wise's Cemetery
Wesleyan Female College Site
Chowan College
Harland House
Masonic Hall
Adkins House
Old Methodist Church Site
and Cemetery
Mount Tarbor Baptist Church
Spiers-Deans House
30

TABLE 8B
CONTINUED
PILAND'S CROSS ROADS
*Barnes -Dean House
WINTON
*John Vann Place
*Levi Askew House
*Mitchell House
* - On Study List for National Registration Certification.
Source: Local Historical Societies
3) Areas of Resource Potential - There have been no poten-
tially valuable mineral sites identified within the County, nor
are there publicly owned forests, fish, and gamelands or other
non -intensive recreation lands. Areas of prime farmland exist
within Hertford County. These prime farmlands are found evenly
throughout the County and are in use as cropland, pasture or
woodland. Approximately 87,297 acres, or about thirty-six
percent (36%) of the County is designated as prime farmland.
Prime farmland soils, as defined by the United States
Department of Agriculture, are soils that are best suited to
producing food, seed, forage, fiber and oilseed crops. Such
soils have properties that are favorable for the economic
production of sustained high yields of crops. The soils only
need to be treated and managed using acceptable farming methods.
The moisture supply, of course, must be adequate, and the
growing season has to be sufficiently long. Prime farmland
soils produce the highest yields with minimal inputs of energy
31

and economic resources, and farming these soils results in the
least damage to the environment.
The importance of prime farmland to North Carolina and
Hertford County is addressed in North Carolina Executive Order
96. This Executive Order, entitled Conservation of Prime
Agricultural and Forest Lands, relates the State's policy that
"...farm and time production are the highest priority uses of
prime agricultural and forest lands within the County be
developed. The primary purpose is to designate those areas and
to minimize the loss of prime agricultural and forest lands. The
policy does not apply to lands already committed to water
impoundment, transportation, and urban development projects.
Hertford County has a new Soil Survey, published in July 1984,
which includes maps and tables showing prime agricultural and
forest lands.
The following map units, or soils, make up prime farmland
in Hertford County. On some soils included in the list appropri-
ate measures have been applied to overcome a hazard or limita-
tion, such as flooding, wetness, or droughtiness.
I

TABLE 9
PRIME FARMLAND
SOILS
HERTFORD COUNTY
1984
Map Symbol
Soil Name
Characteristics
Slope
Acres
AtA
Altavista
fine sandy
loam
0-2%
1,390
0.6
CaA
Caroline
fine sandy
loam
0-2%
4,359
1.9
CaB
Caroline
fine sandy
loam
2-6%
1,728
0.8
CrA
Craven
fine sandy
loam
0-1%
27,646
12.1
CrB
Craven
fine sandy
loam
1-4%
18,377
8.1
ExA
Exum
very sandy
loam
1-4%
735
0.3
GoA
Goldsboro
fine sandy
loam
0-2%
5,625
2.5
NoA
Norfolk
foamy fine
sand
0-2%
8,398
3.7
NoB
Norfolk
foamy fine
sand
2-6%
9,666
4.2
NoC
Norfolk
foamy fine
sand
6-10%
981
0.4
WkA
Wickham
sandy loam
0-2%
1,766
0.8
WkB
Wickham
sandy loam
2-6%
1,626
0_7
TOTALS 82,297 36.1
Source: Soil Survey of Hertford County, North Carolina;
U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Soil Conservation
Service, N. C. Dept. of Natural Resources and
Community Development, N. C. Agricultural
Extension Service, and N. C. Agricultural Research
Service; July 1984.
C. Constraints: Capacity of Community Facilities
1. Existing Water and Sewer Systems Analysis - Any intensive
development, whether residential or industrial, should be
preceded by the provision of water and sewer services. Local
units of government can influence when and where development
takes place by providing or denying these services. The provi-
sion of such services by the community indicates that commu-
nity's intention and commitment to development.
�P

Water System
Ahoskie - Ahoskie is the major population center in Hertford
County and is located in the south central portion of the County
near the Bertie County line. Ahoskie has a population of 4,887
and is the distributor for the water system. Water is supplied
by four (4) wells with a maximum daily capacity of 1,000,000
gallons per day (GPD). Water storage capacity consists of a
700,000 gallons elevated tank and a 100,000 gallons ground
storage tank. Peak demand is 700,000 GPD. NOTE: Ahoskie has
its own independent Land Use Plan and should be consulted for
specific details on all public works systems.
Cofield - Cofield is located in the southeastern portion of
Hertford County and has a population of 465. Water is supplied
by two (2) wells with a total pumping capacity of 288,000 GPD.
The Cofield population requires approximately 24,000 PGD.
Water service for Cofield and adjacent areas has been provided
by the Cofield Water Corporation and not by the Town; however,
the Town has completed arrangements for the purchase of the
system and will begin operation on July 1, 1985.
Harrellsville - Harrellsville is located northeast of
Ahoskie and has a population of 151. Water is supplied by two
(2) wells with a maximum daily capacity of 31,000 GPD. Water
storage capacity is 25,000 gallons in a ground storage tank with
a peak demand of 16,685 GPD.
Murfreesboro - Murfreesboro is located in the northwestern
part of Hertford County and has a population of 3,007. Water is
34

supplied by three (3) wells with a maximum daily capacity of
6,000,000 GPD. Water storage capacity is 600,000 gallons in an
elevated tank with a peak demand of 700,000 GPD.
Winton - Winton, with a population of 825, is the county
seat of Hertford and is located in the northeastern section of
the County. Water is supplied by two (2) wells with a maximum
daily capacity of 500,000 GPD. Water storage capacity is
35,000 gallons in an elevated tank with a peak demand of 150,000
GPD. NOTE: Winton, like Ahoskie, has its own independent Land
Use Plan which should be consulted for specific details relating
to development matters.
The private water systems in Hertford County are located in
Union and Millennium. Union Utilities Corporation Water System
serves the area around Roanoke-Chowan Technical College. The
system consists of two (2) wells and an elevated storage tank
with 50,000 gallons storage capacity. The Millennium Community
Water Association is located in the southwestern section of
Hertford County. This private water system consists of one (1)
well with an estimated yield of 100,000 gallons per day.
In summary, the water systems, public and private, in
Hertford County serve an approximate population of 11,865 or
50.8% of the total County population. This leaves 49.2% of the
County's population that relies on private wells for potable
water.
35

Water quality and quantity is sufficient for present use and
should be adequate well into the 1990s. Population increases to
the year 1990 are anticipated to be only 360. Of this matter,
only 198 are projected to reside in urban areas where water
systems exist. At an average consumption of 100 gallons per
person per day, 14,800 gallons will be needed to support the
anticipated population increase that will reside within the
County's six (6) towns.
Sewer Systems -
Ahoskie - Ahoskie presently operates a wastewater treatment
system of the trickling filter type with a design capacity of
800,000 GPD. The Town is in Step II of an EPA "201" Wastewater
Facilities Treatment Plan. This project is scheduled for
completion in mid-1985.
Cofield - Cofield does not have a wastewater system. The
residents must utilize on -site methods for the disposal of
wastewater.
Harrellsville - Harrellsville does not maintain a wastewater
system and presently relies on individual, on -site methods for
the disposal of wastewater.
Murfreesboro - The wastewater collection and treatment
plant operated by the Town of Murfreesboro is of the land
application type and has a capacity of 476,000 GPD with a
50,000 GPD available surplus. Expansion plans are non-existent
since the system is new, having been completed in 1983.
36 .

Winton - Winton operates a system similar to Murfreesboro's
and has a capacity of 250,000 GPD. An expansion project is
presently under construction and is scheduled for completion in
mid-1985.
2. Existing School System Analysis
The Hertford County Board of Education presently operates
eight (8) schools within the County. Four (4) of these are
elementary, two (2) are junior high and two (2) are senior
high schools. The elementary schools are located in Ahoskie
(2), Winton and Murfreesboro. The junior high schools are
located in Ahoskie and Murfreesboro. The senior high schools
are also sited in Ahoskie and Murfreesboro.
The data in Table 10 describes the existing conditions of
the Hertford County School System. The average daily enrollment
is 4,287 students. Currently, a downward trend in enrollment
is being experienced. Enrollment has decreased from 4,933
during the 1979-80 school year to a total of 4,287 during the
current 1984-85 school year. This represents a 15.1% decrease
over the past five years.
A long-range study for future needs of the school system is
in the planning process, and although the number of classrooms
is adequate, the physical condition of some of the facilities
must be addressed. Two schools are currently in the planning
stages.
37

Post -secondary education in Hertford County is offered by
Roanoke-Chowan Technical College near Union and Chowan College
in Murfreesboro.
Roanoke-Chowan Technical Institute was established in 1967
with a commitment to serve the people of the Roanoke-Chowan
area. This area includes Bertie, Gates, Northampton and Hertford
Counties. Phase I of the facility and development plan was
completed in August 1975 with the completion of the Jernigan
Education Center and the Vocational -Technical Building. Phase
II of ,the development plan was finalized in May 1981 with the
completion of the John W. Young, Jr. Center which contains
shops and classrooms for drafting, light construction and
welding. Phase III of the development plan will include con-
struction of a facility to house new programs, completion of the
mall area, parking lots and outdoor recreational facilities.
In March 1981, Roanoke-Chowan Technical Institute's name
was changed to Roanoke-Chowan Technical College. The College
offers Associate Degree Curriculums in Architectural Technology
and Drafting, Business Administration, Criminal Justice, Early
Childhood Specialist, Electronic Data Processing, Executive
Secretarial, General Education, General Office Technology and
Nursing Education options. Vocational Certificate and Diploma
Curriculums are offered in Air Conditioning, Heating and
Refrigeration, Mechanical Drafting and Automotive Mechanics.
Also offered are Cosmetology, Light Construction, Nurse's
38

Assistant and Welding. Other programs are Continuing Education,
General Education Development and Adult Basic Education.
Average enrollment at Roanoke-Chowan Technical College is
635 students.
Chowan College in Murfreesboro was established in 1848. The
College is a two-year co-educational college owned and supported
by the Baptist State Convention of North Carolina. The College
offers instruction in the standard disciplines for students
intending to pursue the baccalaureate degree in senior institu-
tions and also provides vocational instruction for students who
intend to end their formal education with one-year diplomas or
two-year associate degrees. Approximately 85% of Chowan College
graduates transfer to senior colleges.
Chowan College initiated its development program in 1957
and since that time numerous buildings, renovations and expan-
sions have been completed on the 136 year old campus. Projected
expansions and renovations include Whitaker Library, Mixon Hall
and the completed Graphic Communication Building.
Some of the Associate Degree programs offered include
Liberal Arts, Pre -Education, Pre -Religion, Pre -Law, Music,
Pre -Forestry and Pre -Agriculture. Chowan College also has a
Department of Business which offers various Associate Degrees
such as Business Administration and Business Education, and
Merchandise Management; and one-year Clerical and Secretarial
39

Diploma programs. The Department of Graphics Communications
offers programs in Printing Technology, Photography and Typeset-
ting Technology.
The College has a current enrollment of approximately 11000
students.
40

TABLE 10
PUBLIC SCHOOL FACILITIES
HERTFORD COUNTY
1984-1985
Student
Number of
Capacity
Teachers
Pupil/Teacher
Grades
School Range Enrollment
Per School
Ratio
Taught
Ahoskie Graded School 700-800 709
24
29.5
K-3
Ahoskie Middle School 836-950 628
21
29.9
6-8
Ahoskie High School
N C. S. Brown (winton)
1,102-1,150 818 27 30.2 9-12
770-975 259 9 28.8 K-5
Murfreesboro Middle
School 594-675 378 13 29.1 6-8
R. L. Vann (Ahoskie) 968-1,100 400 13 30.8 4-5
River View (Murfresboro) 638-725 625 24 26 K-5
Source: Hertford County School Superintendent's Office, 1985.
Year Erected
and
Additions
1965-1959-1977
1916-1929-1940-
1946-1949-1950-
1959-1966
1972-1973-1979
1910-1926-1941-
1947-1951-1954-
1959
1936-1940-1942-
1951-1959-1970-
1972-1973-1979
1948-1956-1959-
1962
1946-1952-1956-
1959-1984

3. Existing Primary Road System Analysis
The primary roads in Hertford County are US Routes 13, 158
and 258,.and NC Routes 11, 35, 42, 45, 305, 461 and 561. The
primary roads are all two-lane and are designed for maximum
capacity of 12,000 vehicles per day.
percentage of utilization.
TABLE 11
Table 11 denotes the
UTILIZATION OF PRIMARY
ROADS
HERTFORD COUNTY
1983
Design
Maximum
Percent
Road
Capacity
ADT*
Utilization
US
13
12000
9000
75.0
US
158
12000
9400
78.3
US
258
12000
6800,
56.6
US
11
12000
4300
35.8
US
35
12000
600
5.0
US
42
12000
3000
25.0
US
45
12000
2600
21.6
US
305
12000
1900
15.8
US
461
12000
900
7.5
US
561
12000
4100
34.0
*Maximum ADT counts were recorded at the following locations:
US
13 -
NC 561
US
158 -
US 258 and NC it
US
258 -
Not recorded
US
11 -
Not recorded
US
35 -
From NC 305
US
42 -
US 13
US
45 -
Winton
US
305 -
NC 35
US
461 -
NC 11
US
561 -
US 13
Source: North Carolina Dept. of Transportation, Planning and
Research Branch, 1984.
North Carolina Dept. of Transportation, Mileage
Inventory -Primary Hertford County, 1985.
42

D. Estimated Demand
1. Population and Economy
As exhibited in Table 1, Hertford County has experienced a
loss of 161 persons from 23,529 in 1970 to 23,368 in 1980.
According to the most recent State Budget and Management
population estimates, Hertford County had a slight population
increase of 371 between the 1980 Census figure and the July 1,
1983 estimates.
Table 12 indicates the 1985-1995 projected populations for
Hertford'County and the six (6) towns within the County.
TABLE 12
POPULATION PROJECTIONS
HERTFORD COUNTY
1985-1995
Harrells-
Murfrees-
County
Ahoskie
Cofield
Como
ville
boro
Winton
Total
1985
41969
473
95
142
3,076
82B
23,663
1986
4,971
474
95
142
3,078
829
23,678
1987
4,974
474
95
142
3,080
829
23,691
1988
4,977
474
95
142
3,081
830
23,704
1989
4,980
474
95
142
3,083
830
23,718
1990
4,983
475
95
142
3,085
831
23,728
1991
4,984
475
95
142
3,086
831
23,744
1992
4,984
475
95
142
3,087
831
23,756
1993
4,988
475
95
143
3,088
832
23,770
1994
4,991
475
95
143
3,090
832
23,782
1995
4,993
476
95
143
3,091
832
23,776
Source: Mid -East Commission
County Population Projection (1985, 1990, 1995)
North Carolina Population Pro.iections
Office of State Budget and Management, 1984 Edition
43

According to population projections, the County is projected
to increase by only 113 persons between 1985 and 1995. This
represents less than a half percent growth during a ten-year
period. The Hertford County Planning Board and County Commis-
sioners feel that this conservative increase will be compatible
with present trends.
Assuming that Ahoskie and Murfreesboro represent the only
urban areas in the County, it appears that 34% of the 1985
projected population will be urban and 66% rural. These percent-
ages are projected to be the same for the 1995 and were the
same for 1980. These figures indicate the slow growth of the
County numerically, as well as the lack of change in the rural -
urban mix.
A comparison of 1985 projections with 1995 projections are
found in Table 13 indicates that Hertford County will have a
decrease of 449 school age children (ages 5-19) by year 1995.
This represents a decrease of 8.6%. This comparison also notes
an increase in the percentage of the population aged 65 and over
by 17%, or a total of 554 senior citizens. This represents the
largest change of any age group. Therefore, the trends could
indicate less school attendance, less need for active type
recreation, and a significant increase in services for the aged.
44

TABLE 13
PROJECTED POPULATION BY AGE
HERTFORD COUNTY
1985 and 1995
AGE
1985
1995
CHANGE
0- 4
1,759
1,590
-10.6%
5-19
5,691
51242
- 8.6%
20-64
13,036
13,213
+ 1.4%
65 and up
3,177
3,731
+17.4%
Source:
North Carolina Population
Projections
Office of State Budget and
Management,
1984 Edition
The County's economic base has been agriculture -forestry
oriented. This is expected to remain relatively stable; however,
increases in forestry related operations are expected to be
more significant than agriculture operations. It appears that
no major shifts in crop types are anticipated and a fairly
healthy economic picture is projected.
Hertford County's Industrial Development Office predicts new
industry will locate in Hertford County and an expansion of
existing industry will occur. The predicted new and expanding
industry is expected to provide employment for some of the 4.5%
unemployed.
The County has recently committed $105,000 of its Clean
Water Bill money to provide sewer lines to the industrial park.
45

2. Future Land Needs
The Land Use Guidelines give local governments an opportunity
to estimate the need for residential structures and related
services. These can also give development in places that are
suitable. By 1990, Hertford County is projected to have an
average household size of 3.56 persons. By dividing the
projected household size into the estimated population increase,
it can be seen that approximately 101 additional residences will
have to be provided within the County. Because adequate land for
central water and sewer services is already provided in three
(3) of the six (6) municipalities in Hertford County, no other
land will be needed.
It is anticipated that Hertford County's future land develop-
ment needs will continue to be centered in and around its
incorporated and unincorporated areas. Subdivision regulations
are in effect which govern the density to which dwellings must
adhere for wells and septic tank standards.
Even through Hertford County with its 356 square miles is a
sparsely populated county, it is projected to have a population
density of 66.6 persons per square mile in 1990. This is an
increase of 1 person per square mile over U. S. Census population
density figure.
46

3. Community Facilities Demand
Hertford County will be able to absorb the projected popula-
tion, and more, with no constraints placed on any existing
facilities. As previously noted, the Hertford County School
System has suffered a loss in enrollment and the system will not
be adversely impacted by the projected population increase. It
is estimated that no additional educational facilities will be
needed; however, the replacement of buildings will be necessary
and two are on the drawing board at this time.
Hertford County has more than an adequate supply of ground-
water; therefore, the water supply should not provide any
restraint to future growth.
The three (3) wastewater treatment facilities that are
currently operational in the County are either in Step II of the
EPA 201 Facilities Plan; are under construction, and are sche-
duled for completion by mid-1985; or are new systems already
completed.
The present road system appears to be adequate to accommodate
the projected population increases to 1995; however, US 13 and
158 are being utilized between 75% and 80% of capacity currently.
E. Summary of Data Collection and Analysis
Data for the Land Use Plan were assembled from a variety of
sources as indicated below.
47

The current Population and Economy statistics were obtained
by examining present trends in Hertford County's population and
economy since 1980. Demographics data from the U. S. Census
were used heavily, as were discussions with the North Carolina
Department of Administration personnel concerning population
estimates. Conversations were also held with Hertford County
Economic Development personnel for the present-day economic
representation in the County.
Existing Land Use information was obtained by conversations with
County personnel and soil scientists, studying field surveys,
and conducting on -site investigations.
Current Plans, Policies and Regulations information was gained
from sources such as the North Carolina Department of Transporta-
tion, the North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and
Community Development, the Hertford County Planning Commission
and the Hertford County Manager's Office.
Constraints: Land Suitability information was obtained from the
1980 Land Use Plan and on -site investigations. Natural and
man-made hazards were located and areas with soil limitations
were identified and mapped.
Constraints: Capacity of Community Facilities information was
obtained from the North Carolina Division of Human Resources,
48

the North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development Water Quality Division, the North Carolina Department
of Public Instruction, the North Carolina Department of Transpor-
tation and the Hertford County School Superintendent's Office.
Future Land Needs information.was developed by examining past
land development trends and population projections. The informa-
tion was also developed with Hertford County personnel, the
Hertford County Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development.
Community Facilities Demand data was developed by examining the
present facilities, such as wastewater facilities, water supply,
schools, and roads in comparison to the projected population
increases to 1990.
Local town historic associations were contacted for informa-
tion about unregistered historic places. The North Carolina
Department of Cultural Resources provided data on registered
sites as well as archeological sites.
F. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS FROM DATA SUMMARY
Delineated below are the primary conclusions found in the
data collection and analysis sections of the Plan.
1. Present Conditions
a. Population and Economy
1) Hertford County has experienced an increase in
population since 1980. Hertford County's 1980
49

Census population was 23,368, but the July 19e3
estimate is 23,739, for a gain of 371 persons.
It must also be noted that future estimates
indicate a decrease in population through 1985,
then a slight annual increase through 1995.
2) Current population trends reflect a decrease in
school age population through the year 2000.
3) Current population trends also indicate an
increase in the 65 and above age group which
would imply a need for more services for the
aged.
4) Hertford County's economy continues to be
primarily agricultural -forestry oriented.
5) Since 1980, 925 industrial jobs have been created
from expansion of current industry or creation
of new industry in the County. Perdue (Poultry
Products) has had a 70% increase in jobs since
its opening in 1974.
b) Existing Land Use
1) There has been very little change in land use
patterns since 1980.
2) An increase in urban built-up and annexations
have occurred since 1980 in Ahoskie and Murfrees-
boro. _
50

3) The County population continues to be grouped in
and around the communities and this is expected
to continue.
4) Hertford County has no significant land use
compatibility problems.
5) Areas likely to experience major land use change
by 1995 area: Murfreesboro (Annexation), Winton
(Industrial Park) and Ahoskie (natural growth).
6) Hertford County has three (3) areas of environ-
mental concern which consist of estuarine
waters, public trust waters and estuarine
shorelines.
c. Current Plans, Policies and Regulations
Hertford County already has plans and policies
in place that affect land development in the County,
and state enabling legislation is such that the
County can adopt additional legislation when it deems
it necessary.
2. Constraints: Land Suitability
a. Hertford County has few man-made constraints, but
does have physical constraints; such as wetness,
flooding, groundwater depletion and pollution of the
Chowan River.
51

b. Hertford County has several types of fragile areas.
These fragile areas are the estuarine waters and
shorelines of the Chowan and Meherrin Rivers and
tributaries, public trust waters, complex natural
areas (several wooded swamps) located along the
Chowan River shoreline, and historical cultural
resources.
C. Hertford County has two types of areas with resource
potential. These areas are prime farmland and
forest lands.
3. Constraints: Capacity of Community Facilities
a. Groundwater supply in Hertford County, while de-
crease, does not present a constraint for develop-
ment. The water systems provide adequate quantity
and quality of water.
b. Some municipal wastewater facilities within the
county are in need of improvement or are undergoing
improvement, while others are new facilities. These
improvements provide more design capacity and better
effluent treatment methods.
c. The school system does not present a constraint for
development.
d. Hertford County's present road system is not being
utilized to full design capacity, and hence it will
not be a constraint for development.
52

4. Estimated Demand
a. Population and Economy
1) Hertford County is expected to have a population
increase of 408 persons by 1995.
2) Hertford County will continue to be a predomi-
nantly rural oriented area.
3) Hertford County's economy will continue to be
agricultural -forestry oriented.
4) There will be additional industrial development
and expansion 1995.
b. Future Land Needs
1) Hertford County will not have a land availability
problem by 1995 for development; however, there
is potential for farm and forest lands around
the six (6) towns to be converted to non-agri-
cultural and non -forestry related uses.
2) Hertford County's future high density land
development will continue to be in and around
its towns.
3) Building data indicate that 73.9% of the County's
building permits for years 1980-19B3 have been
issued in the towns of Ahoskie, Murfreesboro and
Winton. This is likely to shift more public
service demands toward these towns. Further
conversation with the Hertford County Building
53

Inspector's Office indicates that the trend is
toward increased building activity.
c. Community Facilities Demand
1) Hertford County has an ample supply of water for
the 1995 projected population. Localized
groundwater depletions are not anticipated to
be a problem.
2) Hertford County's municipalities are in different
phases of EPA "201" planning, and all planning
and construction should be completed prior to
1995.
3) Hertford County's School System and road network
will be adequate for 1995.
54

III. POLICY STATEMENTS
The setting of goals, objectives, policy statements and
implementation procedures are the most essential elements in any
developmental plan. The formulation of goals and objectives
should reflect sound planning principles and most importantly,
express the values of an area's residents. Thus, the declaration
of a community's values sets the tone for the design of the
development plan.
During this ten (10) year planning period, the Coastal
Resources Commission (CRC) gives Hertford County the opportunity
to address land use issues which impact on Resource Protection;
Resource Production and Management; Economic and Community
Development; Continued Public Participation and Storm Hazard
Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery and Evacuation Plans. Some
of these issues were of concern in the 1980 Plan but will be
fine tuned again in this current plan.
The Policy Statements are the results of recommendations,
local input, and the Planning Board's experience in Hertford
County's needs. These statements define the problem or opportu-
nity, possible alternatives for action, the selected alterna-
tive(s) and the means to implement those alternatives. It must
be noted that some issues are of such great importance that
there can be no alternatives; therefore, policy or policies have
been set and are being implemented.
55

A. Resource Protection
1. Natural Resources
a. Hertford County has an abundant supply of natural
resources. Forestry and agriculture are major
forces in the local economy and is the dominant land
use in the County. These resources, properly
utilized and managed, can continue to infuse
dollars into the local economy, provide employment,
safeguard environment, and ensure the retention of
the rural.quality of life in Hertford County.
Hence, Resource Protection will be a primary issue
facing the County in the next decade.
b. With natural resources being the economic main stay
for the County there are no real alternatives expect
to provide some type of protection for these re-
sources. The County could attempt to influence how
these resources will be controlled in a severely
restrictive manner; however, such intense action
would be bitterly opposed by the independent and
individualistic nature of the citizens. The County,
expressing concern over the future of agriculture,
could to initiate some transitional type activities
within the agricultural community. However, again
this would meet with resistance and resentment.
56

C. The course of action the County has chosen is to
support the state's regulatory position regarding
the protection of prime agricultural farm land from
urban type development and industrial development.
d. The County discourages the use of such land from any
activity that would destroy the prime land and take
it out of production. This policy will be implement-
ed through this Land Use Plan Update and the Zoning
Ordinance.
2. Fragile Areas
a. Along with Hertford County's valuable agricultural
and forest lands, other areas exist that are in need
of protection because of their unique or fragile en-
vironment. These areas include lands adjacent to
the Chowan, Meherrin and part of the Wiccacon Rivers
which are considered flood prone areas and should be
protected from massive urban type development. The
wetlands (marshes and freshwater swamps) located
along the rivers offer quality wildlife and water-
fowl habitat as well as provide flood control, water
filtering and nutrient uptake functions and should
be protected.
The soil structure with its massive prime
agricultural land characteristics predominanting
57

W,
the western half of the County and the sensitive
areas consisting of the Roanoke -Cape Fear, and
Dorovan-Dare-Johnson types which are found along
streams and rivers must be considered.
Another important segment of fragile areas are
the cultural and historic sites located throughout
the County. Many historic preservation groups
currently exist and are active in restoration
projects particularly within some town limits.
Hertford County is rich in historically significant
sites and structures. Nominations to the National
Register for Historic Places has been an ongoing
project. The value of these areas to the County is
locally determined, and protective measures come
from the local area.
b. As with natural resources, these fragile areas are
of such importance that no alternatives exist except
to offer protection for the sites and lands to some
degree. The County could impose severe restrictions
thereby eliminating any possible use of the areas.
This action would be too extreme. On the other
hand, the County could impose such lenient regula-
tions as to jeopardize the future of fragile areas.
The state CAMA permit regulations would not allow
this to happen to coastal areas and wetlands, and
J

local citizens would not allow such permissive
actions with regard to historical and cultural
sites.
C. The County policy is to strictly enforce the CAMA
regulations and uphold the permitting process for
fragile areas. The Zoning Ordinance also makes
provision for the protection of historical and
cultural sites by allowing the establishment of
Historical Districts. The County also supports the
activities of the historical societies in the towns
where such organizations exist. These groups of
citizens are very active and are very protective of
the historical sites.
3. Hurricane and Flood Evacuation Needs
a. This topic is dealt with in great detail in Section E
of this Chapter (p. 74). Inasmuch as the County is
not one of the state's designated hurricane counties,
this policy does not need to be deeply detailed.
b. The County could commission a study on the topic
either by their own Planning Commission or by an
outside agency. This alternative is unnecessary and
could be costly if done by the private sector. The
County could take the position that, although not a
designated hurricane county, they nevertheless wish
59

to impose severe restrictions of shoreline and wet-
lands areas. This, too, may be unnecessary and un-
reasonably restrictive.
C. The action the County has chosen is to wait for the
hurricane plan to be completed before any policy is
set. This plan is due for completion in 1986.
d. When the final policy is determined, the County will
rely upon their Emergency Management Coordinator to
carry it out.
4. Potable Water Supply
a. Protection of a potable water supply within the
County is of major concern due to the high water
table and sitings of septic tanks. While the County
is currently experiencing no shortage of potable
water, nor is a shortage predicted in the future,
this resource must nonetheless be protected.
b. A policy could be enforced that would closely
monitor the type and amount of withdrawal that would
come about by new industry. A policy could also be
considered regarding protection from contaminates
that may infiltrate the water supply.
c. The County has determined that their water supply
P
will be protected and has supported state standards
regarding groundwater quality.
CL7

d. Implementation will come about through the enforce-
ment of their zoning ordinance, building codes and
Health Department regulations.
5. Package Treatment Plants
a. Soil suitability for septic tank use within the
County is primarily unsatisfactory and, without
proper planning and design, can present a signi-
ficant health problem. Unsatisfactory performance
of septic tank absorption fields can pollute ground-
water supplies. Soils with limitations for septic
tank use exist within the Winton and Cofield areas.
The restrictive features range from severe wetness
and flooding to moderate wetness.
b. The County could encourage the use of waterless
package treatment systems to protect their ground-
water supply from possible pollution.
c. The policy of Hertford County is to use ordinances
and regulations already ih place to implement the
policy.
d. Once again implementation will take place through
proper enforcement of county and state ordinances
and regulations respectively.
61

6.' Stormwater Run -Off
Because of the topography of the majority of the
County, stormwater run-off is not too much of a problem.
Ahoskie does; however, experience minor flooding in
certain portions of the town during heavy rain storms.
Currently the County has no policy on this issue.
7. Marinas and Floating Homes
At this time Hertford County does not have any
marinas and there are no known plans for marina develop-
ment. The same is true of floating homes. Therefore,
the County has no specific policy or ordinance address-
ing the issue. If, however, such development should
occur some regulations are in place in the zoning ordi-
nance and building code that would provide controls.
B. Industrial Impacts on Fragile Areas
Currently there are almost three dozen industries
located in Hertford County. These businesses employ
approximately 25% of the labor force and constitute a
major economic factor for the County. These industries
present no known adverse impacts on fragile areas; how-
ever, as a means of protection for these areas, the
County requires that each industry prepare an environment
impact statement or environmental assessment.
62

9. Sound and Estuarine System Islands Development
This issue does not relate to Hertford County in a
direct way and no policy has been established.
B. Resource Production and Management
1. Productive Agricultural Lands
a. The importance of agriculture to Hertford County
cannot be over -emphasized. More than 58,000 acres
of land (25.6% of the County's total acreage) is
devoted to farm use. The County, through the up-
date soil survey, has identified and mapped its
prime agricultural land.
b. As stated earlier, the County could adopt a policy
that would be severely restrictive; however, they
have not felt the necessity of such action.
C. The County has chosen to support the state's
regulatory position on this issue.
d. The County will utilize ordinances now in place;
such as their zoning ordinance and this land use
plan update to monitor and protect valuable agri-
cultural land. The County Extension Service will
provide continual guidance with this.
63

2. Commercial Forest Lands
The major land use within Hertford County is forest
land which accounts for 65.5%, or almost 150,000 acres,
of the total land. Of this amount approximately
acres is commercial forest land. The County, through
the updated soil survey, had identified its forest lands.
The County's position relative to commercial forest
lands is that no problems now exist, nor are any antici-
pated; therefore, no action is required.
3. Mineral Production Areas
There are no such areas within Hertford County and
no policy has been developed on this issue.
4. Commercial and Recreational Fisheries
Commercial fishing activities are limited in number
and seasonal in nature. One commercial enterprise,
located near Winton and another near Murfreesboro
operate during the herring season. Other fishing
activities are individual type commercial ventures and
operate on a very small scale.
Recreational fishing is wide spread throughout the
County on rivers and ponds. Bass fishing tournaments
are scheduled regularly on the Chowan River.
The County has established no policy on this issue.
64

5. Off -Road Vehicles
The rise of off -road vehicles as a sport has created
a minor problem in Hertford County; however, no policy
has been established addressing the issue.
6. Residential and Commercial Land Development
According to the U. S. Census Bureau statistics for
1970 and 1980 and the North Carolina population projec-
tion, Hertford County declined less than one percent
between 1970 and 1980, and can anticipate an increase
of about one and one half percent during the coming ten
year period. With this kind of static growth the amount
of residential development has been minimal, and a pro-
jection of 101 new residences will be required to
satisfy growth needs.
Commercial development has followed the trend of the
population within Hertford County and growth has been
steady but slow. In the two largest towns in the County
business license data shows .that 492 licenses were
issued in 1984 as compared to about 425 licenses in 1980.
This represents an increase of. about 30% per year.
The County feels that inasmuch as residential and
commercial land development has been, and is projected
to continue to be, slow, no policy is needed other than
the enforcement of current County ordinances and codes.
65

7. Peat or Phosphate Mining
No such mining occurs in Hertford County; therefore,
no policy has been developed on the issue.
B. Industrial Impacts
As stated previously, industry in Hertford County
accounts for approximately 25% of the total labor force
and is a major factor in the County's economy; however,
the impacts on most resources such as agriculture,
forestry and other natural resources are minimal. The
industrial impact on human resources is a different
matter and is very great. With the decline in agri-
culture -related jobs the County looks more and more to
industrial jobs for financial stability.
C. Economic and Community Development
1. Types and Locations of Industries Desired
a. Economic and Community Development were major issues
during the last update of the CAMA Land Use Plan and
are of primary interest today. Since Hertford
County is an economically underdeveloped County,
there is an obvious need for more economic develop-
ment. The County as a whole feels that there is not
enough economic development within the County, and
that a concerted effort must be made to promote and
66

attract new industry that is in its own best inter-
ests. The County also feels that more industry will
improve the quality of life for all its citizens.
The County wishes to attract non-polluting industry.
b. The County would benefit from the development of a
detailed Economic Development Plan. This would con-
sist of a well thought-out strategy for encouraging
the enlargement of existing industry as well as the
attracting of new industry.
c. The County strongly supports those organizations
seeking to strengthen development and provide addi-
tional jobs. The County also has an Economic
Development Planner to work towards such improvement.
d. As a protective measure, all new industry locating
in the County must file an environmental assessment
or impact statement, and new industry locating in
the County will be sited in the industrial zones.
2. Local Commitment to Providing Services to Development
Organizations like the Industrial Development Com-
mission, concerned citizens such as the Committee of 100
and Murfreesboro's Industrial Committee, which coordi-
nates activities through the Hertford County Industrial
Development Commission, have been created and are de-
voted to attracting industry to the County. The local
67

governing bodies have made, and continue to make,
efforts at obtaining Federal and State funding to pro-
vide needed services.
The County's policy is to do what it can to provide
such services. Recently they set aside a large portion
of their Clean Water Bill money to extend utility ser-
vices to and within their Industrial Park.
3. Urban Growth Patterns Desired
For Hertford County urban growth patterns relate to
towns with populations from just under 100 (Como) to
just under 5,000 (Ahoskie). Statistics shows that what
growth there has been appears to have been drawn to the
areas in, and immediately adjacent to, the towns of
Ahoskie, Murfreesboro and Winton. Such continued
development will be encouraged for maximum utilization
of public facilities and utility services.
4. Redevelopment of Developed Areas
Hertford County does not feel that redevelopment of
developed areas is an issue due to a lack of density re-
lated (population) problems. The County, however, re-
cognizes that improvement of housing conditions is an
issue and should take a leadership role in upgrading
the housing stock. The County's policy has been, and
68

will continue to be, one that seeks out every grant
opportunity to providing funds for neighborhood improve-
ments and total community revitalization.
5. Commitment to State and Federal Programs
Hertford County has a deep concern with regard to
state and federal programs dealing with erosion control
and highway improvements. The topography throughout
much of the County is conducive to good erosion control,
and highway improvements are particularly of concern in
areas where peak traffic loads create a burden on the
system. On the other hand, the County is not heavily
involved with issues related to public access, port
facilities, dredging and military facilities. A recent
concern has arisen over military plans to use Hertford
County airspace as a Military Operating Area (MOA).
While supporting all state and federal regulations,
the County hasno additional policies related to these
issues.
6. Channel Maintenance and Beach Nourishment Projects
Hertford County is not involved in such projects;
therefore, no policies have been set on these issues.
69

7. Energy Facility Siting
Hertford County is not involved in any such activ-
ity; therefore, no policy has been set.
B. Tourism, Beach and Waterfront Access
The northeastern section of North Carolina is a
tourist's paradise with regard to Colonial history and
architecture. Tourism is a big business in select towns
such as Murfreesboro; however, County -wide emphasis is
not as strong. This is probably due to the heavy
emphasis placed on the region -wide Historic Albemarle
Tour program which encompasses 18 counties in northeast-
ern North Carolina. Hertford County does boast numerous
historical, cultural and archeological sites and some
towns have local annual festivals.
Beach and waterfront access are not issues for
Hertford County; therefore, no policies have been set
other than zoning restrictions and a strict enforcement
of CAMA regulations.
9. Types, Densities and Location of Anticipated
Residential Development
Inasmuch as Hertford County's projected population
increase by 1990 is 360 persons, representing 101 addi-
tional residences required for this growth; and inasmuch
as current utility services near the present population
70

centers are more than adequate to handle a far greater
increase than is expected; the County has felt no need
to set policy regarding this issue.
10. Miscellaneous Issues
With this planning process, the single biggest issue
facing Hertford County is the possibility of becoming a
bedroom community for Tidewater Virginia within the next
ten (10) to fifteen (15) years. The trend has been est-
ablished in the noted daily commuter employment in the
marine industries located in southwest Virginia. In
preparation of the bedroom community role, the County
should begin to make plans to ensure that ordinances
and regulations are developed and in effect to insure
that hodge-podge residential development does not take
place.
Another issue that should be addressed is a County-
wide water system. The Planning Board recognizes that
in order to have growth and development such a water
system is an essential part of the development process.
A third issue concerns the upgrading of educational
facilities. Although the school age population and
school enrollment is presently declining, there remains
a need for updating education facilities within the
County. The oldest facility within the system is
71

approximately 75 years old. There have been additions
to existing facilities yet there is still a paramount
need for replacement of antiquated facilities.
D. Continuing Public Participation
1. Public Education
Public participation is an important element of the
planning process. Because of Hertford County's long
history of planning, the public participation process
within the County is an ongoing, viable process. The
County's Planning Board, being an extension of the
County Commissioners, is charged with the responsibility
of keeping the public informed on all relevant planning
issues.
a. Public participation is an important element of the
planning process. Because of Hertford County's long
history of planning, the public participation pro-
cess within the County is an ongoing, viable process.
The County's Planning Board, being an extension of
the County Commissioners, is charged with the
responsibility of keeping the public informed on all
relevant planning issues.
b. All Planning Board meetings are open to the general
public and provide the opportunity for public
involvement. The County has developed a "Citizen
72

Participation and Education" packet which addresses
quality of life issues, environmental issues, indus-
trial development and land use planning issues.
c. During this update process citizen input was request-
ed, received, analyzed and incorporated into this
document. A list of activities can be found on page
97.
2. Continued Public Participation
Continuing public participation in the planning
process is encouraged by periodically administering
questionnaires to residents to gauge their opinions
about land use issues and keeping the pubic aware of
activities and upcoming action via the media.
a. Continuing public participation in the planning
process is encouraged by periodically administering
questionnaires to residents to gauge their opinions
about land use issues.
b. The Planning Board could consider developing a
"speakers bureau" to speak to civic organizations
about planning issues.
C. The Planning Board. and County Commissioners will.
place news items in local papers concerning each
Planning Board meeting. News items on local radio
stations concerning planning issues are to be en-
couraged.
73

E. Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster, Post -Disaster
Recovery and Evacuation Plans
The Coastal Resources Commission, in consultation with local
governments, has specified that certain issues be addressed in
the Hertford County Land Use Plan Update. These issues include:
Storm Hazard Mitigation Policies, Post -Disaster Recovery Plan
and an analysis of the local Evacuation Plan.
1. Storm Hazard Mitigation Policies
Hertford County contains a moderate range of storm
hazard areas. These include Areas of Environmental Con-
cern such as: Estuarine Waters, Public Trust Waters,
and Estuarine Shoreline. Still other hazard areas in-
clude: flood hazard zones and special flood hazard
areas as noted on Hertford County's Flood Hazard Bound-
ary Map and the Hazard Areas. Map, 19e5 located on -the
back cover.
a. Estuarine Waters are defined as a hatchery for many
forms of aquatic life, and the Chowan and Meherrin
Rivers within Hertford County are considered Estu-
arine Waters.
b. Public Trust Waters are those waters whose benefits
belong to the public whether for commercial or re-
creational uses. The Chowan, Meherrin, Wiccacon
Rivers and tributaries have been designated as
Public Trust Waters.
74

C. Estuarine Shorelines are defined as non -ocean
shorelines which are especially vulnerable to
erosion, flooding or other adverse effects of wind
and water and are intimately connected to the est-
uary. In Hertford County, the estuarine shoreline
encompasses the area from the mean high water level
along the Chowan and Meherrin Rivers for a distance
of 75 feet landward. This flood -plain consists of
a tract beginning above SR 1450 and along the Chowan
and Wiccacon Rivers to a point adjacent to SR 1175
and the Meherrin Rivers.
d. Special Flood Hazard Areas are mapped by HUD in con-
junction with the National.Flood Insurance Program.
Areas designated in Flood Hazard AECs are "V" zones
(flood prone areas susceptible to high velocity wave
action.) and "A" zones (areas subject to little or
no wave action but within the 100 year flood area).
All mapped areas of Hertford County are within "A"
zones. No towns within the County have been mapped
but all areas along rivers and tributaries have been
designated as "A" zones. within the County.
An inventory of the existing uses of the land within the
hazard areas indicates that the majority of uses is devoted to
forestry and temporary fishing camps. There is one area along
75

the Chowan River that is considered to be in a flood prone area
according to HUD Map, page 3, panel number 370130-0003A. This
area has approximately 50 summer and permanent residences and
being in the flood prone area would be affected in the event of
storm surge. The tax base of the property has been determined
to be in excess of six -hundred thousand dollars. No one in the
County participates in the flood insurance except the Town of
Ahoskie.
Type types of risks apparent in each of the hazard areas
would be risks associated with high winds and losses attributed
to the wind erosion factor and flooding. Monetary value of
losses that might be sustained in each of the hazard areas are
listed in the following table.
TABLE 12
TAX VALUE OF PROPERTY IN HAZARD AREAS
FLOOD PLAIN
TAX AREA
TAX MAP
TAX VALUE
I
26
$ 66,B55.00
II
45
95,511.70
56
273,096.00
57
58,455.50
III
58
4,655.00
59
4,280.00
72
38,046.00
86
70,411.00
TOTAL VALUE
$611,340.20
Source: Hertford County Tax Supervisor, October 1984.
76

The Zoning Ordinance for Hertford County now prohibits any
new construction or reconstruction to take place along the river
banks.
The entire County is susceptible to the damaging forces of
high winds. Recognizing this factor, Hertford County should
take action to ensure that, in the event of a storm, damage is
minimized to both public and private facilities. To reduce
damage to public facilities and structures, Hertford County will
make future decisions concerning these public investments so as
to reduce the possibility of damage or destruction by hurricane
or other storm forces. All future capital investments within
the County will be made with the storm threat in mind.
Damage to private property can be reduced by implementing
programs and policies which limit location and emphasize con-
struction standards for new development. Hertford County has
adopted a range of policies and regulations which include the
county zoning ordinance, subdivision regulations, and CAMA
minor use permits. These policies and regulations, if enforced,
can limit damage to private facilities in the event of a major
storm. The conclusion is that Hertford County is doing a good
job in its endeavor to mitigate future storm damages.
2. Post -Disaster Recovery Plan
In accordance with the Land Use Planning Guidelines,
reference to the Hertford County Disaster Relief and
77

Assistance Plan and Emergency Management's responsibili-
ties are cited. "Annex H-Disaster Assistance Program
Summary: of the Hertford County Disaster Relief and
Assistance Plan notes services and assistance available
to local governments to aid in immediate clean-up and
removal of debris. This initial phase of the Recovery
Plan is designated as the emergency period and is
devoted to restoring public health and safety, assess-
ing the nature and extent of storm damage, and qualify-
ing for state and federal assistance. The second phase
is designated as the restoration period and is devoted
to restoring community facilities, utilities and essen-
tial businesses. The final phase is the replacement
reconstruction period during which the community is
rebuilt.
Reconstruction over a longer period of time should
be guided by policies which prevent reconstruction of
structures in high storm hazard areas. Reconstruction,
when permitted, will be in conformance with existing
building code provisions. Local policy should also be
directed toward limiting or prohibiting the extension
or reconstruction of public facilities or structures in
high hazard areas. (This is addressed in the Hertford
County Zoning Ordinance).
78

Hertford County Commissioners should consider
appointing a "recovery task force". The "recovery task
force" consists of the Damage Assessment Team, County
Manager, County Health Director and the City Managers if
the incident occurs within the city limits. These
people will be utilized in the recovery phase in
accordance with the Hertford County Disaster Relief and
Assistance Plan. The Recovery Task Force would serve
in an advisory role to the County Commissioners and
would resolve policy issues arising after a storm
disaster.
A. Guidelines for Post -Disaster Repair and
Reconstruction
1. Timing and Completion of Damage Assessments
Damage assessment timing and completion will be
conducted in accordance with "Annex F - Damage
Assessment Plan" of the Hertford County Disaster
Relief and Assistance Plan. Disaster assessment
will begin as soon as safety conditions permit
and will continue until all suspect areas have
been covered. Damage assessment operations
should take place during the emergency period.
This is to ensure that emergency operations to
restore public health and safety features of the
County are implemented.
79

2. Imposition of Temporary Development Moratorium
Imposition of a temporary development moratorium
is a useful tool to be implemented by the County
immediately following a disaster. This morato-
rium would permit the County to deal with more
pressing.community recovery and reconstruction
issues without having to devote its time and
resources to reviewing new development proposals.
Minor repairs, such as replacing doors and win-
dows, should be allowed. Residents should be
informed that any moratorium imposed is in the
best interest of the overall community.
3. Development Standards for Repairs
and Reconstruction
Repairs and reconstruction should continue to
conform to all ordinances and regulations
pertaining to building standards. Presently,
these include portions of the State Building
Code, CAMA major and minor permit standards,
the local zoning ordinances and other policies
adopted in the Storm Mitigation Plan.
4. Schedule for Staging and Permitting
Repairs and Reconstruction
The Department of Emergency Management Area "A"
Coordinator has stipulated that reconstruction
for essential services (power, water, telephone,
M

streets and bridges) should be undertaken first,
then minor repairs, major repairs and last, new
development. Emphasis then should be placed on
repair or reconstruction of infrastructure for
the long-term rather than duplicating what was
there before the storm. Timing of repairs and
reconstruction should realistically be determined
by the extent of damage and the type of service
requiring repair or reconstruction.
5. Implementation of Recovery Task Force Policies
The Hertford County Commissioners are designated
as the local legislative body in charge of
implementing the policies and procedures outlined
in this Post -Disaster Recovery Plan. The Com-
missioners are empowered to delegate duties to
other agencies of local government to implement
these policies and procedures.
b. Repair or Replacement Policy for
Public Utilities and Facilities
Hertford County's policy is to repair and
rebuild essential service facilities first
(electricity, water and sewer). The next prior-
ity would be repair of other public facilities
necessary for shelter. Minor repairs are to be
permitted next with major repairs being permitted
last.

3. Analysis of Hurricane Evacuation Plan
An analysis of Hertford County's Hurricane Evacuation
Plan reveals an excellent "Evacuation to Shelter
Plan", but the issue of evacuation from one locale
to another, if the situation arises, needs to be
addressed. Because of no past history involving
evacuation in Hertford County we feel this is no
real threat to the County. Should the need arise,
people would be evacuated to Bertie, Martin and Pitt
Counties. Highways 13, 11 and 45 are the evacuation
routes to these counties. Since the distance be-
tween Hertford County and the surrounding counties
is so short, we feel time estimates are not neces-
sary. Transportation could be arranged by local
resources (school buses), the private sector and
from the state if necessary.
Hertford County is considered a safe place during a
hurricane and would act as a host county for our
coastal counties. The Federal Emergency Management
Agency, Corp of Engineers and the State Emergency
Management Office will complete in 1986 an analysis
of the hurricane situation in North Carolina. Thir-
teen counties have been designated as hurricane
counties and Hertford County is not one of them.
82

Our potential problem arises with the evacuation of
Virginia residents evacuating from the Norfolk and
Virginia Beach area to North Carolina. We are work-
ing with agencies in coming up with agreements
between the two states.
F. Proposed Five -Year Work Program
This Land Use Plan has detailed a number of specific programs
that the County should perform during the planning period. In
view of the fact that there is no full-time planning staff, some
programs and studies may have to be contracted out.
1986 - 1987
1. Formulate a detailed Capital Improvements Program.
2. Do a study of and revision to the County's Zoning
Ordinance and enact amendments as needed. Update
zoning map as needed.
3. Create a task force to study the feasibility of
implementing a Hazardous Waste Ordinance. Since rural
counties are often the recipient of hazardous waste
sites, efforts should be made to minimize the effects
of such a siting.
83

1987 - 1988
1. In conjunction with the Soil Conservation Service,
monitor the effects of soil erosion and implement pro-
grams to minimize the loss of topsoil from prime farm-
land.
2. Continue efforts to clean-up the Chowan River. Restora-
tion of the river is of major environmental concern.
3. Study the Hurricane Plan to determine Hertford County's
relationship to it and possible actions needed by the
County for implementation.
1988 - 1989
1. Request a detailed update study of the Chowan River to
determine results of nutrient sensitive status activi-
ties, and to determine source points and non -source
points of pollution.
1989 - 1990
1. Monitor population growth to prepare for additional
services and residential development if needed.
2. Prepare for next update of the Land Use Plan.
84

1990 - 1991
1. Continue to monitor current plan and begin consideration
for necessary changes in forthcoming update.
85

IV. LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
The Coastal Resources Commission has developed a land
classification system as a means of assisting in the implementa-
tion of the policies adopted in the Policy State section. By
denoting land classes on a map, Hertford County and its citizens
can specify those areas where certain policies (local, state
•and federal) will apply. Although particular areas are outlined
on a classification map it should be understood that land
classification is merely a tool to help implement policies and
not a definitive regulatory mechanism. The land classification
system provides a framework to be used by local government to
identify the future use of all lands in the County. The
designation of land classes allows the local government to
clarify their policy statements as to where and to what density
they want development to occur, and where they want to conserve
natural and cultural resources by guiding growth.
The following is a description of Hertford County's Land
Classification System utilizing the five general land classes
of: Developed, Transition, Community, Rural and Conservation:
(See Land Classification Map).
A. Developed
1. Purpose. The purpose of the developed class is to
provide for continued intensive development and re-
development of existing cities and towns.
86

2. Description. Areas to be classified developed include
lands currently developed for urban purposes, at or
approaching a density of 500 dwellings per square mile,
that are provided with usual municipal or public services
including at least public water, sewer, recreational
facilities, police and fire protection.
3. Discussion. Hertford County is estimated to have a
population increase of 408 by 1995. Most of this popu-
lation is expected to center in and around its incorpo-
rated towns. Thus, developed areas in Hertford County
are identified as Ahoskie, Cofield, Como, Harrellsville,
Murfreesboro and Winton.
B. Transition
1. Purpose. The purpose of the transition class is to pro-
vide for future intensive urban development within the
next five (5) to ten (10) years on lands that are most
suitable and that will be scheduled for provision of
necessary public utilities and services. The transition
lands also provide for additional growth when lands in
the developed class are not available or when they are
severely limited for development.
2. Description.
a) Lands to be classified as transition may include:
(1) lands currently having urban services, and
137

(2) other lands necessary to accommodate the urban
population and economic growth anticipated
within the planning jurisdiction over the fol-
lowing ten (10) year period.
b) Lands classified transition to help meet the demand
for anticipated population and economic growth, and
must:
(1) be served or be readily served by public water,
sewer and other urban services including
public streets, and
(2) be generally free of severe physical limitations
for urban development.
In addition, the transition class should not
include lands with high potential for agriculture,
forestry, or mineral extraction, or land falling
within extensive rural areas being managed commer-
cially for these uses, when other lands are avail-
able; lands where urban development might result in
major or irreversible damage to important environ-
mental, scientific, or scenic values; or land where
urban development might result in damage to natural
systems or processes of more than local concern.
Lands where development will result in undue risk to
life or property from natural hazards (including
ee

inlet hazard areas and ocean erodible areas as
defined in 15 NCAC 7H), or existing land uses shall
not be classified as transition.
c) If any designated area of environmental concern is
classified as transition, an explanation shall be
included stating why the area is felt to be appropri-
ate for high density development.
d) In determining the amount of additional transition
lands necessary to meet projected urban population
and economic growth, the County may utilize estimates
of average future urban population densities that
are based on local land policy, existing patterns
and trends of urban development within the County
and densities specified in local zoning; and esti-
mates of additional transition class lands should
be based upon a guideline density of 500 dwelling
units per square mile.
3. Discussion. As discussed earlier, Hertford County is
expected to have a population increase of 408 persons
by 1995. The Planning Board and Hertford County Commis-
sioners have expressed a desire to have the new growth
in and within close proximity to the municipalities of
the County. Thus, the following areas are designated
as transitional: Cofield, Como, Harrellsville, Winton
and the industrial park site near Winton.
89

C. Community
1. Purpose., The purpose of the community class is to
provide for clustered land development to help meet
housing, shopping, employment and public service needs
within the rural areas of the County.
2. Description. Lands to be classified community are those
areas within the rural areas of planning jurisdictions
characterized by a small grouping of mixed land uses
(residences, general store, church, school, etc.) and
which are suitable and appropriate for small clusters or
rural development not requiring municipal sewer service.
3. Discussions. Areas of this type in Hertford County are
located in two (2) locations; areas adjacent to existing
municipalities and crossroads, such as Pilands Cross-
roads.
D. Rural
1. Purpose. The purpose of the rural class is to provide
for agriculture, forest management, mineral extraction
and other low intensity uses. Residences may be located
within rural areas where urban services are not required
and where natural resources will not be permanently
impaired.
2. Description. Lands that can be identified as appropriate
for resource management and allied uses include lands
90

with high potential for agriculture, forestry, or
mineral extraction; lands with one or more limitations
that would make development costly and hazardous, and
lands containing irreplaceable, limited, or significant
natural, recreational, or scenic resources not otherwise
classified.
3. Discussion. Most of Hertford County's land area falls
within this classification. As previously discussed,
Hertford County is a predominantly rural county. It is
anticipated that it will continue to remain one of the
most rural counties in North Carolina. Since this is
the case, it is felt that no additional changes should
be made to the rural classification as shown in the
1980 Plan. Very little of the anticipated growth will
occur in the rural classified area. This area will
be exempt from services necessary to support high
density development, i.e. public water and sewer.
E. Conservation
1. Purpose. The purpose of the conservation class is to
provide for effective long-term management of significant
limited or irreplaceable areas. This management may be
needed because of its natural, cultural, recreational,
productive, or scenic values. These areas should not be
identified as transition lands in the future.
91

2. Description. The conservation class should be applied
to lands that contain: major wetlands, essentially
underdeveloped shorelands that are unique, fragile, or
hazardous for development; historical and cultural
r-esources, which include historical and archeological
sites; necessary wildlife habitat or areas that have a
high probability for providing necessary habitat condi-
tions; publicly owned water supply watersheds and
acquifers; and forest lands that are undeveloped and
will remain undeveloped for commercial purposes.
3. Discussion. Conservation areas in Hertford County
include all surface waters,areas adjacent to Chowan,
Meherrin, and Wiccacon Rivers, and wooded swamps and
pocosins mainly located along the Chowan River shore-
line.
92

V. RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES AND LAND CLASSIFICATION
The CAMA guidelines require each local government preparing
plans to discuss the manner in which the policies developed
apply to each of the land uses which are appropriate in each
class.
A. Developed and Transition Classes
Hertford County has chosen to encourage future develop-
ment.in and around its municipalities where urban services
can be provided at a minimal cost. These classes are noted
on the Land Classification Map. The Developed and Transition
Classes are used to provide for the entire range of urban
land uses and future development. These uses include resi-
dential single and multi -family development, commercial and
industrial development, utilities, community facilities, and
transportation facilities. Large scale developments such as
power plants, wastewater land application systems, hazardous
materials storage facilities, and airports should be located
in areas classified as rural and located away from the
population centers.
B. Community Class
The Community Class is designated for moderate density
development with different types of uses such as homes,
93

general and convenience stores, churches and schools and
will serve a fairly limited immediate area. Intensive type
urban development will not be encouraged in this classifi-
cation.
C. Rural Class
The Rural Class provides for agriculture, forestry,
mineral extraction and other low intensity uses. Residences
may be located within the Rural Class where urban services
are not required and where natural resources will not be
permanently impaired. Some large scale development may be
encouraged in the Rural Class when there is an absence of
otherwise suitable land within the Developed and Transition
Class, or when there is a threat to the urban populace.
Such developments include airports and power plants. The
County reserves the privilege of allowing specific types of
industrial development in the rural areas if there will be
no harmful effects from such a location.
D. Conservation Class
The Conservation Class is to provide for long-term
management of significant limited or irreplaceable areas
which include wetlands; undeveloped shorelines that are
unique, fragile or hazardous for development; wildlife
habitat areas; publicly owned watersheds and acquifers;
94

undeveloped forest lands; and cultural and historical sites.
Development in the Conservation Class should be severely
limited. The County's intentions are addressed under
Resource Production and Management.

VI. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
The problems discussed in this plan are problems which are
common to all the municipalities within the County and as such
require common solutions. The Coastal Resources Commission
wants to encourage a broad -based intergovernmental coordination
role to share the solutions to these common problems. This
coordination may be described by three (3) applications:
A. The policy discussion and the land classification map
encourage coordination and consistency between local land
use policies and the State and federal governments. The
local land use plan is the principle policy guide for
governmental decisions and activities which affect land uses
in Hertford County.
B. The local land use plan provides a framework for budgeting,
planning and for the provision and expansion of community
facilities such as water and sewer systems, schools and
roads.
C. The local land use plan will aid in better coordination of
regulatory policies and decisions by describing the local
land use policies and designating specific areas for
certain types of activities.
96

Hertford County intends to foster intergovernmental coordina-
tion by:
1. Being a member of any organization of managers and/or
mayors of the municipalities within the County that may
be organized.
2. Appointing a County Planning Board composed of members
from local governments within the County.
3. Showing that it is inclined to work with other federal
and state agencies to implement policies to foster agri-
cultural and forestry interests.
4.. Assuring that during the present revision of the Zoning
Ordinance, the Planning Board will ensure that the Zon-
ing map conforms to existing municipal ordinances where
they are adjacent.
5. Demonstrating, in the County's five year work program,
the County's commitment to implement and coordinate the
Land Development Plan.
6. Hertford County is a member of a County and Municipal
Manager's organization. This is a group set by the Mid -
East Commission to better coordinate activities of local
government'managers in Region Q.
7. The County will work with the State's Department of
Cultural Resources in protecting and enhancing its cult-
ural, historical and archeological resources.
97

VII. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
Hertford County realizes that public participation is a
vital component in the planning process. As a result, varied
means of soliciting public participation were utilized.
The Hertford County Commissioners delegated the responsibi-
lity for developing the Land Use Plan Update and the required
citizen input to the County Planning Board. Since the Planning
Board had the same responsibility in developing the previous
update and the original plan, knowledge in obtaining citizen
input was readily available.
The following is a listing of how citizen input was obtained.
A. A questionnaire was developed and administered to a random
sample of Hertford County residents to obtain opinions about
land use issues.
B. A questionnaire was developed and sent to all mayors of
Hertford County municipalities for opinions on land use
issues.
C. Simil"ar questionnaires were sent to minority leaders in the
County to get their input.
D. Civic group leaders were also sent, similar questionnaires.
E. Each Planning Board Meeting was open to the public.
F. Public Service spots were placed on the local radio station
notifying the citizenry of upcoming public hearings.
98

G. Public Education literature was developed and placed in the
local paper concerning the planning process.
H. Throughout the process, discussions were held with agency
heads, department heads, elected officials, citizen groups,
historic groups, industrial development groups and local
businessmen.
99

APPENDIX A: TECHNICAL INDEX
The following information was used in the preparation of
this plan:
A. Population
1. North Carolina 1980 Census of Population and Housing,
County Summary Data, STF1, Office of State Budget and
Management, March 1982.
2. Summary Tape File 3, Microfiche, U. S. Census Bureau,
1983.
3. North Carolina Population Projections, N. C. Office of
State Budget and Management, 1984 Edition.
4. North Carolina Municipal Population, N. C. Office of
State Budget and Management, January 1985.
5. North Carolina State Government Statistical Abstract,
1984, Fifth Edition, Office of State Budget and Manage-
ment, 1984.
b. North Carolina Vital Statistics, 1982, Volume-1, N. C.
Department of Human Resources, September 1983.
B. Economy
1. North Carolina Agricultural Statistics, U. S. Department
of Agriculture, October 1984.
2. Profile North Carolina Counties Update, Office of State
Budget and Management, September 1984.
3. Soil Survey of Hertford County North Carolina, Soil
Conservation Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture,
July 1984.
4. Industrial Development Division Data, N. C. Department
of Commerce, 1984.
5. North Carolina Farm Income, 1982-1983, N. C. Department
of Agriculture, 1984.
b. 1982 Census of Agriculture, Preliminary Report, Hertford
County, March 1984.
C. Transportation
1. North Carolina Transportation Indicators, N. C. Depart-
ment of Transportation, April 1985.
2. Highway and Road Mileage, N. C. Department of Transporta-
tion, January 1984.
3. Mileage Inventory, N. C. Department of Transportation,
January 1984.
100

4. Transportation Development Plan for Bertie, Halifax,
Hertford and Northampton Counties, Draft Report, January
1985.
D. Environment
1. Disaster Relief and Assistance Plan, Hertford County.
2. Division of Environmental Management Data, N. C.
Department of Natural Resources and Community Develop-
ment.
E. Education
1. North Carolina State Government Statistical Abstract,
1984.
2. State School Data, N. C. Department of Public Instruc-
tion, 1984.
3. County School Data, School Superintendent's Office,
Hertford County, 1984.
4. Chowan College Data, 1985.
5. Roanoke-Chowan Technical College Data, 1985.
F. Historic and Cultural Sites
1. Local Historic Associations in Ahoskie, Harrellsville,
Murfreesboro and Winton.
2. North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources computer
print-outs, 1985.
101

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