Land Use Plan Update-1994

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Dare County
Land Use Plan Update
DCM COPY DCM COPY
lease do not remove!!!!!
Division of Coastal Management

� 1
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
January 30, 1998
MEMORANDUM
To:
Interested Parties
From:
Rich ShaW195"
Subject: 1994 Dare County Land Use Plan
Dare County has amended Policy 2.1.2 (h-2), Freshwater Swamps and Marshes, of the
1994 Dare County Land Use Plan. The amendment was certified by the NC Coastal
Resources Commission on January 23, 1998.
Please insert this 4-page amendment in your copy of the Plan (pp. 59-61 and pp. 112-
113). Also, please strike through Notes #1 and #2 in the lower right corner of the
Generalized Land Classification Map.
Any questions, contact John Thayer at 1367 US 17 South, Elizabeth City, NC 27909,
919/264-3901, FAX: [phone].
Enclosure
cc: John Thayer
P.O. BOX 27687, RALEIGH, NC 2761 1 -7687 / 2728 CAPITAL BLVD., RALEIGH, NC 27604
PHONE [phone] FAX [phone]
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY /AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER - 50% RECYCLED/10% POST -CONSUMER PAPER

AMENDMENT TO POLICY LANGUAGE (pages 59-61)
(Deleted text in strikethrough and added text in bold print)
2.1.2 (h) Freshwater Swamps and Marshes
Over the past decade, debate has raged about the use and preservation of hundreds of
thousands of acres of land that are considered "freshwater marshes". These soils are
subject to the regulatory provisions of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and are often
referred to as 11404 wetlands". There continues to be disagreement as to what constitutes
a freshwater wetland, but they can generally be described as soils that are hydric; that
sustain plant life which depends on periodic flooding, or are areas that are frequented by
migratory birds. Some examples of freshwater wetlands in Dare County include:
Bogs and pocosins north of U.S. 64 and east of U.S. 264
• Wooded swamps fringing South Lake, the Alligator River, Mill Tail Creek, and
Whipping Creek Lake
• Freshwater marsh (Durant Island)
As part of the update process, the issue of protection of freshwater wetlands was
examined. The results indicate support for continued regulatory programs to prevent
large scale destruction of freshwater wetlands. Discussion by the Planning Board
indicated that the existing Federal regulatory program administered by the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers was the preferable means of ensuring wetland protection. Concern
was also noted about rigid interpretation and delineations of small and/or isolated pockets
of wetlands being used to preclude otherwise acceptable development projects. 1t-is
. Support for all aspects
of the Corps of Engineers' Nationwide permit program was noted.
Another aspect of freshwater wetland management is the concept of mitigation, or
creation of new "manmade" freshwater wetlands in exchange for the alteration of existing
natural freshwater wetland areas. This issue was also examined as a part of the update
process. Although this complicated issue was difficult to measure, a greater level of
support for public purpose mitigation activities was identified. Mitigation to compensate
for alteration of freshwater wetlands for private development was less acceptable.
DARE COUNTY LAND USE PLAN
Amendment certified by CRC
January 23,1998

POLICY 2.1.2 (h-1)
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE COASTAL RESOURCES COMMISSIONS
POLICY TO MITIGATE LOSSES OF COASTAL RESOURCES FOR THOSE
PROJECTS SHOWN TO BE IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST AS DEFINED BY THE
STANDARDS IN 15NCAC7M.0700 ET. SEQ. AND ONLY AFTER ALL OTHER
MEANS OF AVOIDING OR MINMEZING SUCH LOSSES HAVE BEEN
EXHAUSTED.
Implementation Strategy
In instances when improvements to publicly -owned or managed facilities conflict
with freshwater wetland protection programs, an alternatives analysis should be
conducted in an effort to avoid wetland loss or alteration. For projects which involve
County -owned facilities or land, Dare County will conduct an alternatives analysis for
these projects. However, should the analysis determine that there is no practicable
alternative, a mitigation permit proposal shall be implemented. Mitigation activities
and improvements designed as compensation for wetland loss occurring in Dare
County shall be located, whenever possible, in Dare County and in proximity to the
loss.
POLICY 2.I 2 (h 2)
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
NATIONWIDE PERMIT PROGRAM.
Implementation Strategies
1. As may be necessary to facilitate implementation of permit programs for wetland
management.
2. Classify small peekets ef iselated freshwater- wetlands less than ene eentipeus aer-e
i size s Limited Censer-vatien.

AMENDMENT TO LAND CLASSIFICATION SECTION (pages 112-113)
(Deleted text in strikethrough and added text in bold print)
Conservation -- The purpose of the conservation class is to provide for the effective long-
term management and protection of significant, limited, or irreplaceable areas.
Management is needed due to the natural, cultural, recreational, scenic, or natural
productive values of both local and more than local concern.
Areas in unincorporated Dare County that are classified as Conservation include all
CAMA AECs sueh as but net limited te eeasW wetlands, publie trust water >
water-atcr-s,etand all Federal and State-owned lands including the Cape Hatteras National
Seashore, the Fort Raleigh complex, the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, and
portions of Buxton Woods. The only Federally -owned area that is not included in the
Conservation class is a section of the bombing range located on the Dare County
Mainland.
Limited Conservation -- This is a sub -class of the Conservation class. The purpose of this
sub -class is to provide for the management and long-term viability of essentially
undisturbed land that is compatible with a limited range of uses under a specified set of
guidelines. Land placed in the Limited Conservation sub -class may include includes
maritime forests. heavily weeded areas,
All privately -owned land in the Buxton Woods maritime forest has been designated as
Limited Conservation. Also, the area that is included in the SED-1 buffer zone is
classified Limited Conservation.
A section of the bombing range located on the Dare County mainland is included in the
Limited Conservation sub -class. This section is referred to as the "staging area" of the
bombing range and has been specifically given the Limited Conservation sub -class at the
request of the U.S. Air Force officials. This request by the Air Force is being honored to
enable the Air Force to remove target debris from the range that in the past could not be
accessed due to the absence of a staging area.
r in
Development in the Limited Conservation class should be limited to single-family
residential structures and service -oriented commercial uses.
In areas classified Limited Conservation and zoned as a Special Environmental District or
included in the Special Environmental District buffer zone as described in the Dare
County Zoning Ordinance, development shall be consistent with the standards of the
Special Environmental District.

In areas classified Limited Conservation and not zoned as a Special Environmental
District, development, land clearing activities, and the alteration of freshwater wetlands
shall be consistent with the standards of the applicable zoning district, the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers Nationwide Permit Program, or the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Section 404 jurisdictional soils permit program. In the event of conflicting standards, the
more stringent standard shall be applied.
4.3 Interpreting the Land Classification Map
The Land Classification Map included with this Plan provides a general description of the
location of each of the land classifications established in this section. This map should
not be used for site specific interpretive purposes, its scale precludes such detailed use.
Site specific questions or determinations concerning properties described on the Land
Classification Map should be directed to the Dare County Planning Department.
Wal
WWI
As previously noted in the 1987 LUP, the Dare County Board of Commissioners
indicated the desire to clarify a long running dispute concerning the site of the Globe Fish
Company docks. It is the position of the Board of Commissioners that this site is a
natural deep water port and has been in use for shipping and harbor activities prior to all
regulatory agencies or land planning documents and the site continues to hold potential
for commercial shipping, loading, and barge docking uses. Given the historical
background of this site, it is the Board's opinion that the best land class for this site is
Limited Transition despite the presence of indicators that might otherwise lead to the
placement of this tract in a more restrictive land classification.
DARE COUNTY LAND USE PLAN
Amendment certified by CRC
January 23,1998

POLICY 2.12 (h-l) ..
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE COASTAL RESOURCES COMMISSION'S
POLICY TO MITIGATE LOSSES .OF COASTAL RESOURCES FOR THOSE
PROJECTS SHOWN TO BE IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST AS DEFINED BY THE
STANDARDS IN 15NCAC7M.0700 ET. SEQ. AND ONLY AFTER ALL OTHER
MEANS OF AVOIDING OR MINMUZING SUCH LOSSES HAVE BEEN
EXHAUSTED.
Implementation Strategy
1. In instances when improvements to publicly -owned or managed facilities conflict
with freshwater wetland protection programs, an alternatives analysis should be
conducted in an effort to avoid wetland loss or alteration. For projects which involve
County -owned facilities or land, Dare County will conduct an alternatives analysis for
these projects. However, should the analysis determine that there is no practicable
alternative, a mitigation permit proposal shall be implemented. Mitigation activities
and improvements designed as compensation for wetland loss occurring in Dare
County shall be located, whenever possible, in Dare County and in proximity to the
loss.
POLICY 2.12 (h 2)
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
NATIONWIDE PERMIT PROGRAM.
Implementation Strategies
1. As may be necessary to facilitate implementation of permit programs for wetland
management.
2. Classify small peekets of iselated freshwater- wetlands less than ene eentigueus aerve
in size as Limited Censer-vatien.
AMENDMENT TO LAND CLASSIFICATION SECTION (pages 112-113)
(Deleted text in strikethrough and added text in bold print)
Conservation -- The purpose of the conservation class is to provide for the effective long-
term management and protection of significant, limited, or irreplaceable areas.
Management is needed due to the natural, cultural, recreational, scenic, or natural
productive values of both local and more than local concern.
Page 2

COUNTY OF DARE
MANTEO, NORTH CAROLINA 27954
PLANNING DEPARTMENT
October 21, 1997
Roger Schecter, Director
Division of Coastal Management
PO Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611-7687
Dear Roger:
�r�m
OCT 2 4 1997
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
DARE COUNTY
ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 1000
PHONE [phone]
This letter shall serve as official notification of actions taken by the Dare County Board
of Commissioners to amend the 1994 Dare County Land Use Plan. Specifically, the
Board of Commissioners voted on October 20, 1997 to amend Policy 2.1.2 (h-2),
Freshwater Swamps and Marshes. A copy of the amended language, the amended Land
Classification Map, and a resolution in support of the amendment is enclosed with this
letter, The Board of Commissioners conducted a Public Hearing on the proposed
amendment on July 7, 1997.
According to the CAMA standards concerning LUP amendments, local governments
must provide 21-day prior notice of which meeting the local government intends the
Commission to consider the change. Dare County will comply with these standards and
will notify your office at a later date of our intentions and proposed submission schedule.
RPS/dvc
enclosures
Sincerely
Ray Sturza
Planning Director
LAND OF BEGINNINGS
PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER

�' peso if7 Q
COUNTY OF DARE
MANTEO. NORTH CAROLINA 27954
DARE COUNTY
PLANNING DEPARTMENT ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDING
RESOLUTION IN SUPPORT OF AN AMENDMENT TO P.O. BOX 1000
PHONE [phone]
POLICY 2.1.2 (h-2) OF THE 1994 DARE COUNTY LAND USE PLAN
WHEREAS, for the past 10 years, Dare County has endeavored to assist its citizens by
supporting the nationwide permit program administered by the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, and
WHEREAS, language was included in the 1994 Land Use Plan which clearly indicated
Dare County's support of the nationwide permit program and which language the
Division of Coastal Management indicated would facilitate the review and approval of
nationwide permit applications regarding consistency determinations from the Division of
Coastal Management staff, and
WHEREAS, subsequent to the certification of the 1994 Land Use Plan by the N.C.
Coastal Resources Commission on July 29, 1994, inconsistency determinations on
nationwide permit applications have been issued by the Division of Coastal Management
contrary to the stated policy of Dare County, and
WHEREAS, after considerable efforts to address these inconsistency determinations
through negotiations with the Division of Coastal Management staff have failed, Dare
County has chosen to amend the 1994 Land Use Plan to clarify its support of the Corps'
nationwide permit program;
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the Dare County Board of Commissioners
does hereby approve the amendment to Policy 2.1.2 (h-2) Freshwater Swamps and
Marshes, of the 1994 Dare County Land Use Plan.
VOTE: 4 ayes
3 noes
SEAL:
co[pv
DATE: October 20, 1997
LAND OF BEGINNINGS
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Op
COUNTY OF DARE
_
_ < _ _ ;,11 1--
MANTEO. NORTH CAROUNA 27954
---------------------
DARE COUNTY
PLANNING DEPARTMENT
/
C INISTRATIVE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 1000
January 31, 1995
PHONE [phone]
Steve Gabriel
N.C. Division of Coastal Management
1367 U.S. 17 South
Elizabeth Citv, NC 27909
Dear Steve:
I have discussed the wetland policy in the 1994 Dare County_ Land Use
Plan with Planning Board Chairman Elmer R. Midgett. After
considerable discussion, we have come to the conclusion that it is
(and was during the LUP update process)- the nt of n� r� 0 lnty
that anyrproj e.ct...c.ons.istent__with the U.S. Armes Corps of En_ci nee_rs
Natj onwidQ. rmit._i.s.._._cons istent with the Dade County Lana L se Plan .
hP,-P� G one important exceon_and that concerns freshwater` wetland
fill projects which involve wetland areas greater than one continuous
acre in size. The Dare County LUP does not consslze of a
fill area to be subject to the Limited Conservation Land Classifica-
tion. Freshwater wetlands _.greater than._one contiguous_ac�ar_e_
classified Conservation.
During the development of the 1994 LUP, there was no discussion of a
sub -classification of freshwater wetland known by the technical term
"adjacent". We focused on "isolated" pockets. These fine technical
lines are ever so difficult to define given the dynamic nature of
wetland regulation.
I hope this information clarifies the County's position concerning
wetland fill permits. or simply stated, if the fill project is
soeciflc i one recorded of an classified Limited Cola.:.e. —vat.icn,
then it should be considered consistent with the Dare County Land Use
Plan.
RS:jf
cc: E.R. Midgett
Sincerely yours,
Ray Stza
Planning Direct
LAND 0F EE•'_;Il\ii'111'ir-I."

Author: Steve Benton at NROBA03P
Date: 10/27/97 11:04 AM
Priority: Normal
TO: Rich Shaw
Subject: Dare County LUP Wetland Policy
-------------------------------- Message Contents ---------------------------------
You asked about the Dare County October 20, 1997 resolution and
proposed LUP amendment concerning Dare County's wetland policies. A
brief chronology may help put the issue in perspective.
Sometime during the 1980s, largely in response to the Prulean Farms
plans to develop a "super farm" on the Dare mainland which was
generally thought to be a major threat to water quality and thus the
tourist industry, Dare County put language in their LUP that said
permanent alteration of wetlands was not consistent with county
policy. They further classified the wetlands as Conservation.
Initially, this policy did not have a significant impact on smaller
development proposals affecting wetlands because, at that time, we
were not reviewing the Corps Nationwide Permits for consistency with
the local land use plans. (Our original consistency concurrence with
the NWPs did not provide for such a review). In addition, when a
larger (non Nationwide Permit) project was proposed, we allowed the
project to be done if on -site mitigation was provided. The argument
being that with mitigation, we did not have a permanent alteration
since we had new wetlands to replace the old ones.
When we renewed our consistency concurrence for the Nationwide Permits
in 1990, we conditioned our concurrence with the Nationwide Permit
program to require that Nationwide Permit applicants (at least for
those Nationwide Permits requiring the applicant to notify the Corps
prior to beginning work) certify consistency with local land use plan
policies. With this change in the implementation of the Nationwide
Permit program, nearly all unmitigated wetland fill project proposals
in Dare County were inconsistent.
The initial reaction by some Dare County officials was to say that it
was not their intent to stop wetland fill proposals that were eligible
for a Nationwide Permit. Our response was, fine - please amend the
plain language in the land use plan.
Eventually, the County did amend the land use plan language by
reclassifying small isolated freshwater wetlands less than one acre in
size as "Limited Conservation" rather than "Conservation". Any
Nationwide Permit application involving a single lot and Limited
Conservation classes wetlands was to be considered consistent with the
land use plan wetland policies. I have a hard copy of a letter from
Ray Sturza dated 1/31/95 explaining the policy change and how it was
to be implemented. I will provide you with a copy.
To my knowledge, we have been following the amended policies in our

review of the Nationwide Permits in Dare County. I do not know of any
projects, off hand, that have been particularly problematid in
interpreting the isolated wetland less than 1 acre clause. DCM has
had concerns with practical implementation of the clause from the
beginning, however. We do not have adequate mapping tools or other
mechanisms to make a close delineation call. Enforceability is also
somewhat unclear and problematic.
Dare County is now proposing to change their wetland policies once
again. My interpretation of the proposed changes is that they will no
longer classify any freshwater wetlands as Conservation or small
isolated wetlands less than one contiguous acre in size as Limited
Conservation. In addition, they will no longer have any wetland
alteration policy beyond that which is provided through the Corps.
While I am sad that Dare County is getting out of the wetland
protection business, they certainly have the authority to make such a
change and appear to be following appropriate procedures. Very few
local governments have chosen to get involved in any significant
wetland protection policy development. It's hard to be too far out in
front on a difficult and controversial issue.
You asked how we could be interpreting the Dare County LUP wetland
policies contrary to the local government's intent. The simple answer
is that we are required to interpret the LUP policies based on the
clear language in the plan. In this case, we even had a clarification
letter from a Dare County government official. Unfortunately, the
intent of local government is apparently not consistent with the
language of the plan in this case. At least it is not consistent with
the intent of a 4 to 3 majority of the Board. This, of course, is one
of the reasons why we have land use plan amendment procedures.

Author: Steve Benton at NROBA03P
Date: 10/27/97 11:04 AM
Priority: Normal
TO: Rich Shaw
Subject: Dare County LUP Wetland Policy
-------------------------------- Message Contents ---------------------------------
You asked about the Dare County October 20, 1997 resolution and
proposed LUP amendment concerning Dare County's wetland policies. A
brief chronology may help put the issue in perspective.
Sometime during the 1980s, largely in response to the Prulean Farms
plans to develop a "super farm" on the Dare mainland which was
generally thought to be a major threat to water quality and thus the
tourist industry, Dare County put language in their LUP that said
permanent alteration of wetlands was not consistent with county
policy. They further classified the wetlands as Conservation.
Initially, this policy did not have a significant impact on smaller
development proposals affecting wetlands because, at that time, we
were not reviewing the Corps Nationwide Permits for consistency with
the local land use plans. (Our original consistency concurrence with
the NWPs did not provide for such a review). In addition, when a
larger (non Nationwide Permit) project was proposed, we allowed the
project to be done if on -site mitigation was provided. The argument
being that with mitigation, we did not have a permanent alteration
since we had new wetlands to replace the old ones.
When we renewed our consistency concurrence for the Nationwide Permits
in 1990, we conditioned our concurrence with the Nationwide Permit
program to require that Nationwide Permit applicants (at least for
those Nationwide Permits requiring the applicant to notify the Corps
prior to beginning work) certify consistency with local land use plan
policies. With this change in the implementation of the Nationwide
Permit program, nearly all unmitigated wetland fill project proposals
in Dare County were inconsistent.
The initial reaction by some Dare County officials was to say that it
was not their intent to stop wetland fill proposals that were eligible
for a Nationwide Permit. Our response was, fine - please amend the
plain language in the land use plan.
Eventually, the County did amend the land use plan language by
reclassifying small isolated freshwater wetlands less than one acre in
size as "Limited Conservation" rather than "Conservation". Any
Nationwide Permit application involving a single lot and Limited
Conservation classes wetlands was to be considered consistent with the
land use plan wetland policies. I have a hard copy of a letter from
Ray Sturza dated 1/31/95 explaining the policy change and how it was
to be implemented. I will provide you with a copy.
To my knowledge, we have been following the amended policies in our

review of the Nationwide Permits in Dare County. I do not know of any
projects, off hand, that have been particularly problematic'in
interpreting the isolated wetland less than 1 acre clause. DCM has
had concerns with practical implementation of the clause from the
beginning, however. We do not have adequate mapping tools or other
mechanisms to make a close delineation call. Enforceability is also
somewhat unclear and problematic.
Dare County is now proposing to change their wetland policies once
again. My interpretation of the proposed changes is that they will no
longer classify any freshwater wetlands as Conservation or small
isolated wetlands less than one contiguous acre in size as Limited
Conservation. In addition, they will no longer have any wetland
alteration policy beyond that which is provided through the Corps.
While I am sad that Dare County is getting out of the wetland
protection business, they certainly have the authority to make such a
change and appear to be following appropriate procedures. Very few
local governments have chosen to get involved in any significant
wetland protection policy development. It's hard to be too far out in
front on a difficult and controversial issue.
You asked how we could be interpreting the Dare County LUP wetland
policies contrary to the local government's intent. The simple answer
is that we are required to interpret the LUP policies based on the
clear language in the plan. In this case, we even had a clarification
letter from a Dare County government official. Unfortunately, the
intent of local government is apparently not consistent with the
language of the plan in this case. At least it is not consistent with
the intent of a 4 to 3 majority of the Board. This, of course, is one
of the reasons why we have land use plan amendment procedures.

� DARE COUNTY
� LAND USE PLAN
� 1994 UPDATE
1
Adopted by the Dare County Board of Commissioners on July 18, 1994
' Certified by the North Carolina Coastal Resources Commission on July 29, 1994
The preparation of this document was financed, in part, through a grant provided by the
' N.C. Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone
Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and
Coastal Resources Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
1
VH

k
1
L
1994 DARE COUNTY LAND USE PLAN
County Commissioners
Robert V. Owens, Jr., Chairman
Clarence P. Skinner, Vice -Chairman
Douglas W. Langford
Joseph Mac Midgett
Geneva H. Perry
Samuel O. Smith
Robert G. Williams
Planning Board
Elmer R. Midgett, Jr. Chairman
Larry Bray
Mary Aldridge
Marcia Fearing
Linda Foster
Carl Hayes
Joe Kierzkowski
John Myers
Technical Assistance on Plan
Dare County Planning Department
Raymond P. Sturza, Dare County Planning Director
Donna V. Creef, Dare County Chief Planner
Public Participation Consultants
Regional Development Institute - ECU, Greenville, NC 27858
Glenn Harbeck Associates, Wilmington, NC 28401
Mapping Consultants
Quible and Associates, Kitty Hawk, NC 27948

7
COUNTY OF DARE
MANTEO. NORTH CAROLINA 27954
OFFICE OF THE
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS P O_ BOX 1000
PHONE [phone]
ROBERT V. OWENS. JR. FAX [phone]
CHAIRMAN
CLARENCE P. SKINNER CLERK TO HE BOARD
VICE CHAIRMAN
H. AL COLE. JR.
DOUGLAS W LANGFORD COUNTY ATTORNEY
JOSEPH MAC MIDGETT RESOLUTION IN SUPPORT OF
GENEVA H PERRY
SAMUEL O. SMITH DARE COUNTY'S COASTAL VILLAGE ATMOSPHERE
ROBERT G. WILLIAMS
Whereas, Dare County is renown for its abundance of natural resources, unspoiled ocean
and soundside beaches, and its small coastal communities all of which attract thousands of
visitors and travelers annually and;
Whereas, there are numerous communities geographically dispersed throughout
unincorporated Dare County, each one having its own distinct character but all sharing a
common coastal village atmosphere and a sense of place and;
Whereas, these villages have developed their unique coastal identity due to the absence of
large scale commercial development and the presence of colorful locally owned small
businesses established to meet the needs of local residents and seasonal visitors and;
Whereas, the residents of unincorporated Dare County have indicated throughout the
' public input phase of the 1994 Land Use Plan update a desire to preserve this coastal
village atmosphere and;
Whereas, the Dare County Board of Commissioners shares this desire to maintain the
coastal village atmosphere of our communities;
IJ
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the County of Dare will strive to preserve
our coastal village atmosphere through land use management and the policies and
implementation strategies contained in the 1994 Land Use Plan update which are designed
to limit large scale commercial development and encourage the continuation of locally
owned small businesses. . .
� , i V, 0", \�'
Robert V. Owens, Jr., Chai
Dare County Board of Commissi ers
DATE: July 18, 1994
_ r .
SEAL: 70 ' rl
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ExecutiveSummary......................................................................................1
Section One- Data Collection and Analysis
1.1 Information Base....................................................................................4
1.2 Current Conditions
1.2.1 Demographics
(a)
Population.................................................................................... 4
(b)
Economy.....................................................................................8
(c)
Impact Of Seasonal Population.....................................................9
1.2.2 Community Land Use Analysis.........................................................10
(a)
Individual Village Analysis.........................................................11
(b)
Overall Community Analysis......................................................14
(c)
Significant Land Use Compatibility Issues..................................17
(d)
Issues Associated With Unanticipated Development ...................17
1.2.3 Plans, Policies and Regulations.........................................................18
(a)
Local...........................................................................................18
(b)
State...........................................................................................19
(c)
Federal........................................................................................20
(d)
Enforcement of Plans, Policies, and Regulations ..........................
21
(e)
Evaluation of Existing Land Use Plan ..........................................
22
1.3 Land Suitability
1.3.1 Physical Characteristics.....................................................................23
(a) Natural Hazard Areas.................................................................. 23
(b) Manmade Hazard Areas..............................................................24
(c) Soil Characteristics...................................................................... 24
(d) Vegetation and Elevated Dunes ................................................... 25
(e) Water Supply..............................................................................26
1.3.2 Fragile Areas.................................................................................... 27
1.3.3. Areas with Wildlife & Mineral Resources .......................................... 28
I

'
1.4 Community
Facilities and Services
1.4.1
Water...............................................................................................29
1.4.2
Wastewater.......................................................................................
34
'
1.4.3
Transportation..................................................................................34
1.4.4
Law Enforcement.............................................................................
38
'
1.4.5
Fire Protection..................................................................................
38
1.4.6
Public Schools..................................................................................39
1.4.7
Parks and Recreation........................................................................42
'
1.4.8
Solid Waste......................................................................................43
'
1.5 Anticipated Demand
1.5.1 Demographic Projections..................................................................43
1.5.2 Future Land Use Needs.................................................................... 45
Section Two - Natural Resources
'
Introduction.................................................................................................47
L
2.1 Use and Production
2.1.1 Natural Limitations on Development ................................................. 49
(a) Soil Suitability for Wastewater Treatment...................................49
(b) Topographic Conditions and/or Proximity to Surface
Water Bodies..............................................................................49
(c) Sea Level Rise and Land Areas with Low Elevations ...................50
2.1.2 Regulatory Limitations on Development ........................................... 51
(a) Coastal Wetlands........................................................................52
(b) Estuarine Waters......................................................................... 53
(c) Public Trust Areas....................................................................... 53
(d) Estuarine Shorelines....................................................................55
(e) Ocean Hazard Areas.................................................................... 56
(f) Public Water Supply AEC's......................................................... 57
(g) Natural and Cultural Resource AEC's..........................................58
(h) Freshwater Swamps and Marshes................................................59
(i) Maritime Forests......................................................................... 61
2.1.3 Other Limitations on Development................................................... 62
(a) Cultural, Historic, and Archaeologically Significant Lands and
Structures...................................................................................62
(b) Manmade Hazards......................................................................62
I1

2.1.4 Protection of Drinking Water Supply ................................................ 63
2.1.5 Protection of Surface Waters............................................................ 64
(a) Outstanding Resource and Shellfish Waters..................................64
(b) Stormwater Management ........................ 65
(c) Marinas.......................................................................................65
(d) Floating Structures and Homes...................................................66
2.1.6 Development of Sound/Estuarine System Islands .............................. 67
2.1.7 Protection of Existing Trees and Vegetation ..................................... 67
2.2 Production and Management
2.2.1
Productive Agricultural Lands..........................................................
69
2.2.2
Commercial Forestry ........................................................................69
2.2.3
Mineral Production...........................................................................
70
2.2.4
Fisheries Resources...........................................................................
70
2.2.5
Shoreline Resources..........................................................................
73
(a) Off -Road Vehicles.......................................................................
73
2.2.6
Wildlife Resources............................................................................
74
2.3 Economic and Community Development
2.3.1
Provision of Services........................................................................ 75
(a) Water.......................................................................................... 75
(b) Wastewater Treatment................................................................ 76
(c) Utilities.......................................................................................78
(d) Solid Waste................................................................................78
2.3.2
Urban Growth Patterns---------------------------------------------------------------------
79
2.3.3
Residential Development................................................................... 81
2.3.4
Affordable Housing..........................................................................82
2.3.5
Commercial Development.................................................................83
2.3.6
Re-development................................................................................ 84
2.3.7
Industrial Development..................................................................... 84
2.3.8
Energy Facilities............................................................................... 85
2.3.9
Tourism............................................................................................87
2.3.10
Shoreline Access............................................................................... 88
2.3.11
Channel Maintenance........................................................................89
2.3.12
Beach Nourishment---------------------------------------------------------------------------
90
2.3.13
Bikeways/Walkways/Greenways.......................................................92
2.3.14
Federal and State Support .................................................................92
III

'
2.4 Storm Hazard Mitigation, Evacuation, and Post -Disaster Reconstruction
and Recovery Plan
'
2.4.1 Storm Hazard Mitigation..................................................................94
2.4.2 Evacuation Plan................................................................................
96
2.4.3 Recovery ..........................................................................................97
2.5 Public Participation..............................................................................102
Section Three -Village Issues
'
3.1 Colington...................................................................................103
•
3.2 Duck......................................................................................................104
3.3 Hatteras Island.....................................................................................104
3.4 Mainland...............................................................................................106
3.5 Roanoke Island.....................................................................................106
Section Four - Land Classification
4.1 Purpose and Relationship to Policies...................................................108
4.2 Land Classification System..................................................................108
4.3 Interpreting the Land Classsification Map.........................................113
Section Five - Intergovernmental Coordination and Implementation ....114
1
Section Six -Public Participation..............................................................115
Appendices
Appendix A Analysis of 1987 Policies and Implementation Activities ...121
'
Appendix B Analysis of County's Policies and Municipal Policies .........149
B-1 Review of 1987 Dare County Policies Compared to Municipal Policies..................149
B-2 Review of 1994 Dare County Policies Compared to Municipal Policies..................149
Appendix C Public Participation Support Documents ...........................198
'
C-1 Dare County Community Attitudes Survey -- Report of Findings ...........................198
C-2 Report on Land Use Plan Forums..........................................................................
244
C-3 Issue Alternative Worksheet..................................................................................258
'
C-4 Report of Policy Analysis Workshop......................................................................
294
1 IV

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1
Population Figures for Dare County ............................................5
Table2
Average Annual Growth Rate......................................................5
Table 3
Population and Household Growth..............................................5
Table4
Age Breakdowns...........................................................................6
Table 5
Educational Attainment of Residents___________________________________________6
Table6
Racial Composition.......................................................................6
Table 7
Housing Characteristics................................................................7
Table8
Housing Values..............................................................................8
Table 9
Income Estimates..........................................................................8
Table 10
Labor Force Estimates..................................................................9
Table 11
Soil Classification for Septic Tank Suitability ...........................25
Table 12
Average Monthly Water Use......................................................30
Table 13
Major Wholesale Water Purchasers...........................................30
Table 14
Future Population and Water Demands....................................32
Table 15
Average Daily Traffic Counts for Key Roadways ......................35
Table16
School Enrollment.......................................................................39
Table 17
Projected Student Population.....................................................40
Table 18
Educational Capital Improvement Projections ..........................41
Table 19
Parks and Recreation Programs.................................................42
Table 20
Population Figures......................................................................44
Table21
Population Projections................................................................44
Table 22
Areas of Environmental Concern in Dare County .....................51
Table 23
Breakdown of Oceanfront Shoreline by Jurisdiction ................88
Table 24
Assessed Property Values in Dare County .................................95
Table 25
Recovery and Re-entry Stages....................................................99
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Building Permits Issued 1988-93.................................................15
Figure 2 Building Permits Issued According to Location 1988-93 ...........15
Figure 3 Subdivisions and Lots Recorded 1988-93...................................16
Figure 4 Subdivisions and Lots Recorded According to
Location 1988-93..........................................................................16
V

J
n
1
J
Introduction
Located along the eastern seaboard and bordering 85 miles of the Atlantic Ocean, Dare
County is known as the "Land of Beginnings". This most appropriate nickname reflects
Dare County's historic role in the founding of the New World. Sir Walter Raleigh helped
establish the first English speaking settlement in the New World on Roanoke Island in
1587. This settlement later disappeared due to unknown circumstances and even today is
the subject of great speculation about the fate of the "Lost Colony".
Later, in 1903, Wilbur and Orville Wright launched the beginning of powered flight when
their "Wright Flyer" lifted from the blowing sands near Kitty Hawk.
Today, Dare County is a growing resort community, having been once again "discovered",
this time by the rest of America as one of the East Coast's most pleasant and unspoiled
family beach communities.
Dare County's Land Use Plan
Since 1974, when the North Carolina General Assembly ratified the Coastal Area
Management Act (CAMA), each of the local governments in the twenty county coastal
region have been developing and updating land use plans. This edition, completed in
1994, will provide a set of policy guidelines designed to manage growth and development
in unincorporated Dare County until the end of the decade.
The Plan includes narrative discussions of policy issues, the policy the County has selected
to address these issues, and an implementation strategy that can be used to carry out the
policy. Preceding the policy section is the data that was collected and analyzed as an
element of the policy -making process. Following the policy section is a new feature of the
Plan which discusses a range of issues specific to each different geographic section of
unincorporated Dare County. Section 4 of the Plan describes the Land Classification Map
and classification categories that have been developed in conjunction with the updated
LUP. Finally, a number of appendices have been included which illustrate how the policy
selection process worked, including the results of a public opinion survey that was used in
the update process. Collectively, these components come together to create a document
that can be used by regulatory agencies, the business community, and individual citizens to
predict what can be expected about land use in unincorporated Dare County for the next
five years.
Dare County Land Use Plan Executive Summary Page 1

Where Are We Going? I
Readers will find that the Dare County Land Use Plan attempts to create a careful balance
between the need for economic development. and sustainable growth and our desire to
preserve Dare County's bountiful natural resource base. On certain issues, such as surface
water and groundwater quality, there can be no question that these resources must be
protected. On other issues, such as marina development or the alteration of small pockets
of isolated freshwater wetlands, a more compromising approach has been selected.
Overall, this plan endeavors to direct Dare County toward a quality of life that maintains '
its natural resources, allows for the development of small family -oriented resort
communities, and promotes tourism as the County's most acceptable form of "industrial"
development.
Noteworthy Changes in 1994 Plan ,
A. Wastewater Treatment on Roanoke Island -- In November 1993, the Town of Manteo
completed construction of a new wastewater treatment facility. This new facility has a
flow capacity of 600,000 gallons, of which 225,000 gallons is currently excess
capacity. Collection lines have already been installed along the right-of-way of U.S. '
64-264 from the Town's border all the way to the satellite development known as
Pirate's Cove. This has led to the reclassification of that land, currently
unincorporated, from Community to Urban Transition. It is anticipated that there will
be significant pressure to develop this land at urban densities and for commercial uses
since the natural inhibitor to such developments, soil suitability, has been removed. In
order to achieve development plans, significant "friendly" annexations are anticipated '
during the planning period. The entire stretch of highway frontage from the existing
town line all the way to Pirate's Cove will probably end up within the Town of Manteo
by .1999.
B. Freshwater Wetland Alteration -- Prior to 1993, the Army Corps of Engineers'
Nationwide Permit program was not subject to review by the State of North Carolina
and nationwide permits were issued routinely in Dare County. In 1993, a rule change
made the nationwide permit subject to review by the N.C. Division of Coastal
Management. In turn, DCM began the practice of nationwide permit denials in Dare
County based on language in the 1987 LUP that was intended to preclude the loss of
broad expanses of wetlands, but not the isolated "pockets" covered by the nationwide '
permit. Nevertheless, the N.C. Division of Coastal Management applied the existing
language to the nationwide permit review. As a result, the 1994 LUP contains
clarification that clearly excludes isolated wetland "pockets" from the restrictive
language in the 1987 LUP which was never intended to apply to such situations.
Dare County Land Use Plan Executive Summary Page 2

' C. Marina Development -- The 1994 LUP contains a more definitive policy statement
concerning marina development and links the policy to water quality. The new policy
is designed to direct marina development away from shellfish waters and into upland
basins whenever possible.
D. Estuarine Bulkheads -- There is also a more definitive policy concerning estuarine
bulkheads, which the Planning Board felt were important enough in Dare County to
strengthen the language supporting these structures. The 1994 LUP also introduces
off -shore breakwaters as an alternative means of estuarine shoreline erosion control.
E. Beach Nourishment -- The issue of beach nourishment has been separated from
channel maintenance and a more definitive policy advocating beach nourishment is
included in the 1994 Plan.
F. Text Narrative -- The 1994 Plan includes more narrative text then earlier versions,
attempting to make the Plan more "user friendly".
1
Dare County Land Use Plan Executive Summary
Page 3
I

Section One:
Data Collection
and Analysis

11
1
1.1 Information Base
The Coastal Area Management Act guidelines for preparing land use plans in the coastal
areas of North Carolina require that an analysis of existing conditions and future trends be
performed prior to policy development. The intent of this requirement is to ensure that
the policies as developed respond as closely as possible to current problems and issues
facing the County. Key components of the analysis may be described in four categories:
1) current conditions, including population, economy, existing land use, and current plans
and regulations; 2) land suitability, including physical limitations for development, fragile
areas, and areas with resource potential; 3) community facility and service constraints,
including water, sewer, transportation, police, fire, schools, parks and recreation, and solid
waste; and 4) anticipated demand, including demographic projections, future land use
needs and community facility needs. Collectively, these studies summarize past and
present conditions, while providing the essential yardsticks for estimating future
conditions.
1.2 Current Conditions
1.2.1 Demographics
1.2.1(a) Population
Dare County, known for its place in history as the site of the first English speaking colony
in the New World did not have a particularly spectacular growth rate during its first 380
years. Located in a remote portion of largely rural northeastern North Carolina, Dare
County was a popular destination for sportsmen and naturalists, but was not known as a
retirement community or tourist resort. However, by 1970, land speculators had begun to
acquire large tracts of Dare County's relatively cheap land and record subdivisions with
hundreds of small lots. A real estate bonanza ensued, as the market for vacation home
development mushroomed. Tourists from the urban areas to the north, seeking to escape
the overdeveloped shores of New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia Beach, Virginia, found
the sleepy villages of Dare County to be the ideal destination. Many chose to retire to the
area after a vacation stay, while others bought land for investment purposes. Dare County
had been "discovered" again, and by the mid-1980s, the population was surging and land
values were exploding. During each of the decades from 1960-1990, the population
growth rate exceeded 5% per decade. This phenomenal rate of growth created, and
continues to create, a tremendous demand for services, infrastructure improvements, and
cultural adjustments. The following tables demonstrate the changing demographic
characteristics of Dare County.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section One Page 4

Table 1 -- Population
Figures for Dare County
,
Population in
Dare County
Absolute Increase in
for 1890-1990
Population for 1890 -1990
'
1890
1900
3,768
4,757
1890-- 1900 989
1910 - 1920 274
'
1910
4,841
1920 - 1930 87
1920
5,115
1930 - 1940 839
1930
5,202
1940 - 1950 (636)
1940
6,041
1950 - 1960 530
1950
5,405
1960 - 1970 1,060
1960
5,935
1970 - 1980 6,382
'
1970
6,995
1980 - 1990 9,369
1980
13,377
,
1990
22,746
Table 2 -- Average Annual Growth Rate* I
1950-60--------------- 1.0% '
1960-70-------------- 1.7%
1970-80--------------- 6.7%
1980-90----------- ----5.5% '
Averaee annual erowth rates are derived usinethe compound interest formula:
Pn=Po(l+r)n. Where Po is the initial population, Pn is the population at the end
of the time period, and r is the average annual rate of change. ,
The average household size in Dare County is slightly smaller than the average for the
State of North Carolina. This is probably a reflection of the number of retired individuals
who have chosen Dare County as their home.
Table 3 -- Population and Household Growth 1980-90 '
% of Change=- % of Change -- Persons/ Household ,
Population Household --1990
Dare County 70.0% 76.0% 2.43%
State of NC 13.0% 23.0% 2.54% ,
�7
Dare County Land Use Plan Section One Page 5 1

' The age breakdowns for Dare County compared to North Carolina are very close. For the
Under 18 bracket, Dare County trails the State by only 1 percentage point while the
' reverse is true for the 18-64 Years bracket. The percentage of people in Dare County
over the age of 65 is the same as the total for North Carolina. The median age for North
Carolina has increased from 29.6 in the 1980 census compared to 33.2 in the 1990 census.
This same pattern is reflected in the median age figures for Dare County with the 1980
median age of 33.3 increasing to the median age of 35.2 in the 1990 census.
' Table 4 -- Age Breakdown 1990
Under 18 18-64 Years 65 Years Median Age
Years and Over
Dare County 23.0% 65.0% 12.0% 35.2
State of NC 24.0% 64.0% 12.0% 33.2
The percentage of Dare County's residents that have completed 4 or more years of college
is higher than the State's average of 17.4%. Twenty-one percent of persons in Dare
County over the age of 25 have completed 4 or more years of college. The rate of high
' school graduates in Dare County was also higher than for the total population of North
Carolina.
Table 5 -- Educational Attainment of Residents
(25 Years and Over, 1990)
% High School % Completed 4
Graduates Years or More
of College
1 Dare County 59.6% 21.0%
State of NC 52.6% 17.4%
The racial composition of Dare County is predominantly white and the percentage for the
County is much higher than the percentage of whites found statewide.
Table 6 -- Racial Composition 1990
% White
% Black
% Other
Dare County 95.0%
4.0%
1.0%
State of NC 76.0%
22.0%
2.0%
IDare County Land Use Plan Section One
Page 6

The housing characteristics accurately reflect the large number of seasonal homes found in
Dare County. In North Carolina, 89.3% of all houses were occupied on a year-round
basis while in Dare County only 43.3% of all houses were occupied on a year-round basis.
Renter occupied housing in Dare County represents 12.5% of the total housing units
available compared to the higher percentage of almost 29% for the State as a whole. This
figure represents the units that are rented on a yearly basis, and does not reflect the large
number of short-term rentals that occur during the summer season in Dare County.
Table 7 --Housing Characteristics 1990
Dare County
North Carolina
Housing Units Percent Housing Units Percent
TOTAL
21,567
100.0
2,818,193
100.0
Occupied
9,349
43.3
2,517,026
89.3
Owner
6,648
30.8
1,711,817
60.7
Occupied
Renter
2,701
12.5
805,209
28.6
Occupied
Vacant
12,218
56.7
301,167
10.7
For Rent
3,726
17.3
81,952
2.9
For Sale Only
429
2.0
32,070
1.1
Rented or Sold,
264
1.2
22,061
0.8
Not Occupied
For Seasonal,
6,415
29.7
98,714
3.5
Recreational,
or Occasional
Use
For Migrant
1
0.0
1,429
0.1
Workers
Other Vacant
1,383
6.4
64,941
2.3
When compared to the average value of a home in North Carolina, the average home in
Dare County is appraised at a higher value. This is not a surprise due to the nature of the
available housing. A large number of the homes found in Dare County are used as second
homes and are rented on a short term basis during the summer months. The more
amenities a home has to offer compared to the competition, then the more the homeowner
can obtain for a weekly rental fee.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section One Page 7

.1
I
U
U
1
r=
L
Table 8 -- Housing Values
Dare County North Carolina
Value
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Less than $15,000
40
0.8
33,287
2.7
$15,000 to $19.999
20
0.4
21,266
1.7
$20,000 to $24,999
24
0.5
30,578
2.5
$25.000 to $29,999
30
0.6
37,474
3.1
$30,000 to $34,999
26
0.5
51,492
4.2
$35,000 to $39,999
49
1.0
60,734
5.0
$40,000 to $44,999
72
1.4
74,897
6.1
$45.000 to $49,999
75
1.5
73,053
6.0
$50,000 to $59,999
212
4.2
145,137
11.9
$60,000 to $74,999
613
12.2
209,150
17.2
$75,000 to $99,999
1,135
22.5
221390
18.2
$100,000 to $124,999
697
13.8
96,139
7.9
$125,000 to $149,999
590
11.7
59,019
4.8
$150.000 to $174,999
447
8.9
35,201
2.9
$175,000 to $199,999
282
5.6
21,051
1.7
$200.000 to $249,999
327
6.5
21,944
1.8
$250,000 to $299,999
157
3.1
11,144
0.9
$300,000 to $399,999
146
2.9
8,722
0.7
$400,000 to $499,999
59
1.2
3,149
0.3
$500,000 or more
40
0.8
3,148
0.3
All of the above information was provided by the NC State Data Center based on the 1990 Census.
1.2.1(b) Economy
Dare County's per capita and median family incomes are close to the figures for North
Carolina as a whole. Dare County trails the State on the per capita income figures,
however the median family incomes for Dare County are almost $4,000 more when
compared to the numbers for the State.
Dare County
State of NC
Gwirrr• SUMP. Mta (' tP.r
Table 9 -- Income Estimates
Per Capita Income
1991
$15,328
$16,848
1 Dare County Land Use Plan Section One
Median Family Income
1993
$39,000
$3 5,200
Page 8

The majority of jobs found in Dare County are in some way related to the tourism industry ,
which is the largest industry in Dare County. There are very few manufacturing jobs in
Dare County. Dare County's job base is very service -oriented and with the exception of '
the commercial fishing industry, there is no export of goods that have been produced in
Dare County. Compared to North Carolina as a whole, the job base of Dare County is
very different. A large majority of North Carolinians are employed in technical and '
administrative support services. This is not true in Dare County where the largest part of
the County is employed in the tourism industry.
Table 10 -- Labor Force Estimates '
1985
1990
% of
'
Change
Civilian Labor Force
12,130
17,330
30.0%
Total Employment
11,540
16,630
31.0%
,
Total Unemployment
590
700
16.0%
Rate of Unemployment
4.9
4.0
-23.0%
Nonagricultural Wage/Salary
8,050
11,950
33.0%
,
Construction
810
1,310
38.0%
Manufacturing
310
410
24.0%
Transportation, Utilities & Communication
440
250
43.0%
'
Trade
3,190
4,720
32.0%
Finance, Insur. & Real Estate
630
790
20.0%
Service
1,750
2,510
30.0%
,
Government
1,770
1,110
37.0%
All Other Nonagricultural
2,540
4,020
37.0%
Agricultural
50
50
0.0%
,
Source: NC Employment Security Commission
1.2.1 (c) Impact of Seasonal Population
As the seasonal population descends upon Dare County every year, the demand for public
services and the impact on public facilities increases at a proportional rate. The year-
round population of Dare County, according to the 1990 Census is 22,746. The seasonal ,
population peak is approximately 150,000. (based on Carrying Capacity Study for Dare
County). Public services and facilities must be designed to accomodate peak period
demand, and then must operate according to the demand level during non -peak (or off- '
season) periods.
F
Dare County Land Use Plan Section One Page 9 1

V
The traditional peak population period is during the summer months between Memorial
Day and Labor Day. However, the non -peak periods have grown increasingly popular as
' well, extending the tourist season or "shoulder season" from Easter weekend in the spring
until Thanksgiving weekend in the fall. From December until March, Dare County reverts
to its static population base, with reserve capacity for almost every public service in a
stand-by mode.
Since the seasonal population is clearly driving the demand for, and the cost of, public
services in Dare County, the major impact of the seasonal population is on service delivery
and infrastructure support. In exchange for the cost of accomodating the seasonal
population, Dare County receives revenue from an occupancy tax, a prepared meals tax, a
' retail sales tax, and a relatively "clean" local economy. There has been no attempt to
quantify this relationship or to determine whether or not the costs are equal to or greater
than the benefits. For the foreseeable future, Dare County seems willing to accept
' tourism, and its associated peak seasonal population, as the foundation of the County's
economic base.
Services Impacted By The Population Surge
1. Water Production and Distribution
2. Solid Waste Management
3. Emergency Medical and Air Ambulance
4. Law Enforcement and Detention
5. Local Transportation Systems
6. Parks and Recreation Areas
7. Electrical Service
8. Animal Control
1.2.2 Community Land Use Analysis
The existing Land Use Survey and Analysis serves a number of useful functions. The
primary function is to provide an overview of development patterns, and a basis for
determining growth trends over time. The survey identifies where development has
occurred, what kind of development it is, and at what density. The survey also shows the
relationship between different kinds of land use, and whether or not they are compatible.
Current land use information is fundamental to the preparation of a land use plan. Not
only is the survey helpful in preparing growth and development policies, but it is also
useful in identifying, for example, where it may be cost effective to provide public
services, such as water and sewer. Accurate information on existing land use can also be
helpful in making changes to an existing zoning ordinance, or in providing new zoning
I
where there was not any present before.
I
Dare County Land Use Plan Section One
Page 10

Data provided by the survey is also useful to both the public and private sectors in '
considering specific development proposals. For the public sector, the land use survey can
assist in siting a school or park, while in the private sector, the information might be ,
helpful in locating a future shopping center or residential development.
The study area for the existing land use analysis corresponds to the planning jurisdiction of '
Dare County. The planning jurisdiction consists of all unincorporated areas of the County
that are subject to development, including: Duck, Colington, Rodanthe, Waves, Salvo,
Avon, Buxton, Frisco, Hatteras, Roanoke Island and the Mainland (including Manns
Harbor, East Lake, Mashoes and Stumpy Point). Not included in the study area are the
incorporated municipalities of Kitty Hawk, Kill Devil Hills, Manteo, Nags Head, and
Southern Shores. For information regarding existing land use within these incorporated '
areas, the reader is directed to the respective land use plans prepared separately for each
of these areas.
The Planning staff for Dare Countycompleted color -coded land use maps r ' P p for each of the
villages under the County's jurisdiction in an effort to establish the existing land uses.
Windshield surveys and field work were used to verify these maps. A copy of the finalized ,
version of this map is included with this Plan. The following paragraphs summarize
existing land use patterns in each of the unincorporated Dare County.
1.2.2 (a) Individual Village Analysis
Duck - The village of Duck is the northern most portion of unincorporated Dare County
and lies between the Southern Shores municipal boundary and the Currituck County line.
Access to Duck is via N.C. Route 12, also known as Duck Road. The primary land use is
single family residential structures that are generally not the principal residences of the
owners. These vacation homes are often made available for short-term rental during the
summer months. In addition, there are several multi -family developments scattered
'
throughout the village. A Federal research facility known as the Army Corps of Engineers
Research Pier is located in the middle of the village. Commercial development is limited
to a portion of land adjacent to and along N.C. 12. This "village commercial" district has
established a special sense of identity for the village due to the limitation of permitted uses.
Only those retail and service related businesses that are necessary for the daily needs of the
immediate village are permitted in this zoning district. The scope of permitted land uses in
,
Duck prevents the introduction of destination -type attractions which has discouraged the
carnival -like atmosphere typical of many coastal resorts. Vacant land in Duck is limited to
two tracts commonly referred to as the Gard property, both of which are zoned RS-1 and
'
when developed will fit the predominant pattern of residential use. Duck is an up -scale
residential community with a limited commercial cluster district.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section One Page 11 I

1
11
Colington - The development pattern for Colington can be distinguished by the variation
of land uses found outside the Colington Harbour Subdivision and the stringent level of
control practiced inside the Colington Harbour Subdivision entrance gate. Land adjacent
to and along the only transportation route to Colington, S.R. 1217 also known as
Colington Road, is characterized by a lack of any organized pattern. Until 1987, the
Colington area was not subject to any zoning regulations outside of the Colington
Harbour Subdivision. As a result, a mixture of uses ranging from a concrete plant to a
variety of mobile home parks can be found throughout the area. Topographic conditions
and poorly drained soils limit the development potential of the few remaining vacant tracts
in Colington. The Colington area is characterized by its year-round population, with the
Colington Harbour Subdivision featuring a strictly controlled residential environment and
the remaining portions, a mix of modest homes, mobile homes, and a handful of
commercial uses.
Rodanthe - Traveling south from Oregon Inlet on N.C. 12, Rodanthe is the first Hatteras
Island village after the Pea Island Wildlife Refuge. Similar to the other areas of
unincorporated Dare County, Rodanthe lacks any defined pattern of development other
than that which is created by free market forces. A range of commercial establishments
can be found along N.C. 12 which is the only major transportation route in the village.
Another cluster of commercial development surrounds the Hatteras Island Fishing Pier.
Elsewhere, residential lots and structures of various sizes and ages can be found
throughout the village. The lack of a central water supply serves as a constraint on the
development potential of Rodanthe. Rodanthe village is a combination of commercial
strip development along N.C. 12 and a variety of residential uses both seasonal and year-
round.
Waves - The village of Waves is predominantly single family residential structures with
minor commercial development. Like Rodanthe, free market forces have begun to
establish themselves along N.C. 12. In addition, a number of large travel trailer parks and
campgrounds are located in Waves. All development in Waves is limited by soil
characteristics suitable for on -site wastewater drainfields and private wells for potable
water. Waves is a coastal village in a period of transition toward seasonal habitation and
community commercial needs.
Salvo - Salvo is bordered by Waves village on the north end and the Cape Hatteras
National Seashore on the south end. The development pattern of Salvo is similar to
Waves in that it is mainly single family residential structures with a few commercial
establishments located along N.C. 12. As is the case with Rodanthe and Waves,
development is limited by the lack of a central water system and poorly drained soils.
Salvo can be characterized as mainly single family development for seasonal visitors with
some commercial development focused on the seasonal visitors' needs and desires.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section One Page 12

Avon - Avon village can be separated into two distinct areas within its boundaries. One,
'
the single family development and businesses established to service the seasonal visitors
and the other, the year-round population located within the old village. Along the N.C. 12
corridor, the majority of land is already developed with mostly single family structures or
'
platted as single family lots. The commercial establishments found along N.C. 12 are
concentrated on fulfilling the seasonal population's needs. Recently, a large planned
,
community of single family homes and cluster -style residences known as Kinnakeet Shores
has been approved and is in its early stages of development. Inside the "village"
neighborhood are residences of the year-round population of Avon. This neighborhood is
'
a mixture of single family homes and mobile homes. The coastal village atmosphere of
commercial fishing is quite evident within this area of Avon. Avon is a blend of the old
and the new, where the soundside village remains a year-round community of extended
'
families and where outside the village the transition to a resort accommodations and
service community is developing.
,
Buxton - The Buxton area exhibits a mixed concentration of residential institutional,
onal, and
commercial uses. The proximity of this village to the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse and the
presence of the Group Cape Hatteras Coast Guard base has helped create a strong sense
,
of community in Buxton. Recently, the County established a Special Environmental
zoning district to ensure the longevity of the maritime forest known as Buxton Woods.
There is also an almost urban sense of commercial development in Buxton probably
,
related to the year-round population located there. Buxton is a growing commercial and
institutional midpoint of Hatteras Island.
'
Frisco - The village of Frisco is dominated by the presence of the maritime forest, Buxton
Woods, and its associated development limitations. The creation of the SED-1 district has
influenced the commercialization of N.C. 12 as the only outlet for commercial land use in
'
the village. The remaining land use is largely a mix of seasonal and year-round residential
structures.
Hatteras - Hatteras village is the southern most area of Hatteras Island and the first village
on Hatteras Island to adopt an use -specific zoning map. Development in Hatteras reflects
'
its status as a commercial fishing village. Recent changes have created a dominant
commercial presence along N.C. 12 which runs throughout the village terminating at the
Hatteras-Orcacoke ferry landing. Hatteras serves as both a year-round community and a
'
seasonal destination resort.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section One Page 13 1

Roanoke Island (Outside Manteo) - This area of unincorporated Dare County is
predominantly made up of a year-round population. A mixture of single family structures
' and mobile homes are located in the area. One of the unique features is the Roanoke
Voyages corridor which runs from the Umstead bridge to the Baum bridge and establishes
architectural and vegetation protection provisions. Roanoke Island is also the setting for
several cultural and institutional facilities including the Dare County Regional Airport, the
North Carolina Aquarium, and the Fort Raleigh -Elizabethan Gardens complex. This
section of Dare County is the oldest and most traditional setting for year-round residency.
Wanchese - Located at the southern end of Roanoke Island, Wanchese is best described as
a coastal fishing community with land development supporting this industry. The
' population is almost entirely year-round residents with some commercial development
devoted to the essential community needs. A large portion of the village has been set
' aside as an economic development experiment known as the Wanchese Seafood Industrial
Park. The entire infrastructure for the facility has been completed but has yet to reach its
anticipated potential due largely to the unreliable and dynamic conditions of Oregon Inlet.
The village is clearly a year-round community with strong links to commercial fishing and
boating.
Mainland - The majority of the Mainland portion of Dare County is under Federal
ownership as either the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge or one of the two
bombing ranges operated by the Air Force and the Navy. Throughout the Mainland exists
' a number of rural communities such as Manns Harbor, East Lake, Mashoes, and Stumpy
Point. These communities are not subject to seasonal population transitions and are
primary year-round residences of the people who own them. These areas are not subject
' to any zoning regulations and development patterns reflect a somewhat disorganized mix
of homes, mobile homes, service -related businesses and some light industry. The
dominant presence of Federal ownership and protected wetland soils has resulted in a
scattering of small communities that reflect Dare County's heritage as a rural area and a
sportsman paradise.
' 1.2.2(b) Overall Community Analysis
' During the 1980s, many previously undeveloped tracts of land were subdivided into single
family lots and recorded. In addition, there were many subdivisions that had been
recorded in the 1970s which were still basically undeveloped in terms of structures being
located on the platted lots. The subdivisions that had been approved years in advance
were finally being developed and the new subdivision lots were being sold as quickly as
' the lots could be approved and recorded. Hundreds of single family structures were being
constructed on these lots with the majority of the houses to be used as second homes
and/or investment property.
IDare County Land Use Plan Section One Page 14
I

The following two graphs illustrate the growth in the unincorporated area of Dare County
in terms of building permits issued during the period from 1988 to 1993. As evident from
the graphs, the number of permits being issued has started to decline. The years of 1989
and 1990 were very close in terms of permits issued but a there was a dramatic decrease
between 1990 and 1991. The number of permits issued for 1993 shows an increase in
permits and a total which is close to the figures for 1989 and 1990. The second graph is
broken down into the 3 geographic regions of the County; the south region is Hatteras
Island, the central region is Roanoke Island and the Mainland and the north area is
comprised of Duck and Colington.
1000
900
800
700
600
a
`0 500
m
E 400
0
Z 300
200
100
0
400
355
350
a 300
250
a
`0 200
160
E
Z 100
50
0
Figure 1
Total Building Permits for 1988-93
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
Figure 2
Building Permits for 1988- 93 by Region
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
■ South ❑ Central o North
Dare County Land Use Plan Section One Page 15

The next graphs depict the number of subdivisions and subdivision lots that were recorded
in the unincorporated portions of Dare County over the past six years. These graphs
reflect the same trends as do the graphs for building permits with the peak number of
subdivisions realized in 1988 and then decreasing over the six year period.
20
18
18
V
v 14
0 12
IZ 10
$' 8
£ 8
Z 4
2
0
450
400
350
300
0 250
L.
200
E 150
Z 100
�411
0
Figure 3
Subdivisions Recorded
1988-93
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
Figure 4
Subdivision Lots Recorded
1988- 93
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
Dare County Land Use Plan Section One
Page 16

1.2.2(c) Significant Land Use Compatibility Issues
Like many recently discovered coastal resorts, land use compatibility issues center around
the transition of undeveloped land and the creation of new market -driven uses. Prior to
the development boom of the past 2 decades, the predominant land use was a welI-
dispersed mix of home sites and a limited number of essential -need service establishments.
During the growth period, market forces helped establish a variety of land use patterns
that were blended into the existing setting. The major compatibility issue that has ensued
is the result of mixing residential and non-residential uses. This situation can be attributed
to the traditional resistance by the people of Dare County to any land use controls.
Another compatibility issue concerns the development of land along the County's major
transportation routes, N.C. 12, U.S. 158, and U.S. 64/264. The smooth movement of
traffic along these roadways has been disrupted by commercial land use accessed from
these roads. Commercialization of the transportation routes has created the need for a
system of traffic lights that impedes traffic flow, particularly at peak transition periods
such as summer holidays.
All of the compatibility issues in Dare County are complicated by the extraordinary
amount of land held in public ownership. These publicly -owned properties include the
Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, the Fort Raleigh complex, the Cape Hatteras
National Seashore, Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge, the U.S. Air Force and Navy
bombing ranges, and the Buxton Woods Coastal Preserve and amount to over 80% of the
total land area of unincorporated Dare County. These massive reserves create an
exponential increase in the demand to use and develop the remaining privately -owned
lands. In addition, there are a number of State and Federal regulatory programs that limit
the development potential of the remaining privately -owned lands.
All of these factors combine to create a "compression" effect on land in Dare County and
the compatibility of uses that compete for the remaining undeveloped land.
1.2.2(d) Issues Associated With Unanticipated Development
The biggest issue associated with Dare County's recent development trend is the inability
of local government to take pro -active measures in anticipation of the service demands
and infrastructure needs generated by the growth rate. In addition, the development of
previously undeveloped land has generated by-products that have damaged the County's
natural resources. This is particularly true adjacent to the estuarine shoreline where
stormwater runoff threatens water quality and aquatic life.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section One Page 17

F
An equally important, but less quantifiable issue, is the potential loss of identify that is
often the result of quickly escalating land values and rapid development. As new markets
are created by population growth, the private sector responds accordingly and a traditional
"sense of place" is threatened. Over a period of time, the very features that made the
resort setting attractive are erased and the uniqueness of the setting disappears. The
desire for land use controls as a means of precluding the loss of a sense of place identity
was a repetitive theme throughout the public participation exercise of the Land Use Plan
update.
Residential development will continue to proliferate with pressure for increased
development density adjacent to the shorelines, particularly where deep water boat access
is available or can be created.
1.2.3 Plans, Policies, and Regulations
There are several important Federal, State and local documents and regulations that are
used to manage growth in Dare County. The following is a list of these plans, policies,
and regulations:
' 1.2.3 (a) Local Plans, Policies, and Regulations
' 1. 1987 Dare County Land Use Plan - This Plan focused mainly on zoning the portions of
unincorporated Dare County that lack development standards. Much progress has
been made in this endeavor and work continues on establishing use -specific maps for
' all of Dare County. At the time of the 1987 update, development in Dare County was
at its peak, and much attention was given to developing policies to address growth
over the next five years. Since that time, growth has slowed and more time has
become available to reflect on the development boom and prepare for the next growth
cycle.
' 2. Dare County Zoning Ordinance - This document is used within the zoned portions of
unincorporated Dare County, which includes Duck, Colington, Roanoke Island, and
Hatteras Island. The Dare County Planning staff is responsible for the enforcement of
' the zoning regulations established in this ordinance. Since the 1987 Land Use Plan,
several revisions have been made to the Zoning Ordinance including the creation of
' standards for Permits for Special Exception for small child care homes, standards to
address the development of small lots that were recorded years ago, and language in
the S-1 district that establishes minimum lot size standards based on soil composition.
IDare County Land Use Plan Section One
Page 18

3. Dare County Subdivision Ordinance - All of unincorporated Dare County is covered
,
by this ordinance. Subdivision plats are reviewed by the Planning Board and Board of
Commissioners with staff assistance from the Planning Department.
,
4. Dare County Mobile Home Park and Travel Trailer Park Ordinance - This document
provides standards used to guide the development of mobile home parks and travel
trailer parks. This ordinance was amended in 1990 to allow for the creation of minor
'
mobile home parks which are reviewed by the Planning staff and do not require Board
review and approval. The section of the ordinance which addresses travel trailer parks
'
was amended in 1992 to extend grandfather status to existing travel trailer parks and
also to create standards for roads and permanent additions to travel trailers.
'
5. Dare County Nuisance Ordinance - This ordinance was adopted in 1992 and gives the
Planning Director the authority to declare certain structures public nuisances. Since its
adoption, this ordinance has been used extensively to help with the clean up of
'
structures in Rodanthe that were destroyed or damaged by ocean overwash and
erosion.
'
6. Dare County Carrying Capacity Stud - Although this study was completed in 1987, it
is still referred to for population projections and growth management
recommendations. The population projections of Scenario One of the CCS are very
,
close to the 1990 Census figures for Dare County.
7. Dare County Health Department - This local agency is responsible for the issuance of
'
septic tank permits and well placement and construction. The staff also submits
comments on all proposed development projects and subdivisions. Their jurisdiction
covers all of Dare County including the municipalities.
'
8. Dare County Regional Water Service Plan - This plan is prepared and updated on an '
annual basis by the staff of the Dare County Water Department. The plan provides
usage rates for the past year, anticipated demand for the upcoming year, and
infrastructure needs. ,
1.2.3 (b) State Plans, Policies, and Regulations '
1. Coastal Area Management Act of 1974 - This State regulatory program is responsible
for the development of the twenty coastal counties in North Carolina, including Dare '
County. All proposed development within the CAMA Areas of Environmental
Concern (AEC) must be reviewed and approved under these standards.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section One Page 19 1

2. Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of
Environmental Management - This State agency has regulatory authority over
developments that will impact the -natural air, soil, and water resources of the State.
Some specific permits issued by this agency include permits to discharge into surface
waters, wastewater treatment plants, air pollution abatement facilities and sources,
well construction for over 100,000 gallons per day, stormwater management plans,
etc.
3. Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Land
Resources - This State agency is responsible for issuing sedimentation and erosion
control permits, mining permits, etc.
4. Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History - The
responsibilities of this agency include the identification and protection of historical and
archaeologically significant lands and structures.
' S. Department of Insurance - This department has supervision and regulatory authority
over the State building codes which are used and enforced by the Dare County
Building Inspectors and Fire Marshal.
F1
F
6. Department of Transportation's Thoroughfare Improvement Plan - This plan outlines
proposed highway infrastructure improvements. The plan is updated on an annual
basis through hearings conducted by the Transportation Board. The municipalities and
the County government for the past 4 years have submitted combined requests which
has worked very well and demonstrates an example of intergovernmental coordination.
1.2.3 (c) Federal Plans, Policies, and Regulations
1. Army Corps of Engineers - The Corps has regulatory jurisdiction over wetlands,
dredging projects, and beach nourishment, etc.
2. Federal Emergency Management Agency - This Federal agency is responsible for the
enforcement of floodplain management regulations. A local Floodplain Administrator
is on staff with Dare County to ensure that all construction within the County is built
to comply with the flood elevation standards.
3. Department of Interior - The National Park Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service both own large amounts of land in Dare County. Their management plans and
policies influence activities of the local government particularly on Hatteras Island and
the Mainland.
IDare County Land Use Plan Section One
Page 20

J
1.2.3 (d) Enforcement of Plans, Policies, and Regulations
Dare County employs a full-time Planning Department which is responsible for the
implementation and enforcement of all local regulatory programs pertaining to land use.
(See Section 1.2.3 for list) Enforcement is achieved through a review process that
requires the submission of development plans and/or subdivision plats to the Planning
Board for a recommendation. The Board of Commissioners has the final approval
authority and the staff personnel monitor development to ensure compliance.
New construction is regulated by a local permit process that includes review by a zoning
enforcement officer, a local CAMA permit officer, and the County's floodplain
administrator prior to issuance of a local building permit. All new construction must meet
the standards of the N.C. State building codes.
The authorization and installation of on -site septic tank/drainfield wastewater treatment
systems is regulated by the Dare County Department of Health . A staff of professional
sanitarians certified by the North Carolina Division of Human Resources oversees this
permit program.
The Dare County Mobile Home and Travel Trailer Park Ordinance is administered by the
Planning Department and includes the same review procedures used for subdivisions.
The Dare County Planning Department is also responsible for the Dare County Nuisance
Ordinance which authorizes the Planning Director to declare a structure is a public
nuisance and to identify remedial measures.
In general, development in unincorporated Dare County is constrained by the absence of
any publicly -owned central wastewater treatment system. Lot sizes are regulated based on
the suitability of soils to accomodate septic tank systems. Since 1982, twenty thousand
square feet has been the minimum lot size for all new subdivision lots. The minimum lot
size may be reduced to fifteen thousand square feet if a central water supply is available.
Development density for multi -family dwellings varies according to the zoning district but
as a practice seldom exceeds 5 units per acre. Permitted land uses also vary according to
the degree of regulation in each particular setting. Certain portions of unincorporated
Dare County remain unzoned (parts of Roanoke Island and the Mainland) and all uses may
be authorized for construction. In other portions where zoning maps have been adopted
(Hatteras Island, Duck, Colington, and portions of Roanoke Island), uses include
residential, commercial, and industrial. Dare County relies on the N.C. Division of
Environmental Management's standards for stormwater management and the N.C.
Division of Land Resource's standards for sedimentation and erosion control.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section One Page 21
Ll
J
1

J
The local Land Classification Map is relatively consistent with the local zoning maps. In
the past, non -coastal wetlands had been classified "Conservation". In the update,
' freshwater wetlands that are less than one contiguous acre in size have been classified
"Limited Conservation" to allow for maximum flexibility in permit administration involving
isolated pockets of freshwater wetlands.
1.2.3 (e) Evaluation of Existing Land Use Plan
In comparison to earlier LUPs, the 1987 version has been used more effectively than
previous versions in guiding land use and development in Dare County. The LUP has
served as the foundation for a lengthy implementation strategy to bring zoning to those
' portions of Dare County that were unzoned at the time of the 1987 update. Over the 5
year planning period, various forms of zoning have been adopted. These zoning
regulations range from the minimal guidelines of the S-1 district to the comprehensive
conservation -oriented SED-1 district that protects Buxton Woods.
The LUP also played an important role in the on -going debate about exploration of the
Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) for natural gas and/or oil. Prior to the 1987 update, the
LUP did not consider energy facility development a priority issue. However, when a
proposal to explore the OCS was revealed by a consortium of oil companies headed by
Mobil Oil, Inc., the citizens of Dare County organized their opposition to this proposal.
As a result, the Dare County Board of Commissioners chose to - include a very specific
policy on petro-chemical energy facilities in the Dare County Land Use Plan.
Despite the success discussed above, there continues to be a problem associated with
inter -governmental interpretations of the LUP's policies and maps. Particularly
troublesome has been the N.C. Division of Coastal Management's refusal to defer to the
local government on issues of question despite the clause included in Section 3, page 7 of
the 1987 LUP indicating that site specific interpretations would be left to the local
government. These interpretations by State and Federal agencies have often resulted in
permit denials or inconsistency determinations that were contrary to the intended local
perspective.
A review of the policies contained in the 1987 LUP and the progress that has or has not
been made toward implementation of these policies is included as Appendix A.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section One Page 22

1.3 Land Suitability I
1.3.1 Physical Characteristics I
Dare County is located along the coastal plain of North Carolina and is best noted for its
lengthy strands of barrier island beaches. The boundaries of the County encompass '
approximately 800 square miles of which 390 square miles are land area and the remaining
410 square miles is covered by water. The County readily divides itself into a Mainland
portion, a northern and southern stretch of islands, and historic Roanoke Island. These
land masses are surrounded by water bodies that include the Atlantic Ocean to the east,
and to the west, the Pamlico Sound, the Albemarle Sound, the Roanoke Sound, the
Croatan Sound, the Currituck Sound, and the Alligator River. '
1. 3. ] (a) Natural Hazard Areas '
Due to the proximity of Dare County to the Atlantic Ocean, three kinds of natural hazard '
areas have been designated as Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs) by the Coastal
Resources Commission. All three fall into the general category of Ocean Hazard Areas:
1. Inlet Hazard Areas which are lands adjoining Oregon and Hatteras Inlets for variable ,
distances as determined by the Coastal Resources Commission.
2. Ocean Erodible Areas which, overlaying the frontal dune, include the distance '
landward from the first line of stable natural vegetation along the entire ocean front.
3. High Hazard Flood Areas, which are areas subject to high velocity waters during a 100
year storm event. These are identified as V zones on the National Flood Insurance
rate maps. '
Also, much of Dare County is located adjacent to the Pamlico, Albemarle, Roanoke or
Currituck Sounds and their tributaries. Like those portions of Dare County exposed to '
the Atlantic Ocean, the soundside areas are susceptible to flooding during hurricanes or
other weather events where extended periods of gusty winds push the sounds up along
their banks. In extreme conditions, soundside flooding may also include wind -driven
waves. The soundside flooding that occurred when Hurricane Emily passed just oil shore
of Buxton in 1993 typifies the vulnerability of a barrier island to soundside flooding.
r_
Dare County Land Use Plan Section One Page 23 1

7
1.3.1(b) Manmade Hazard Areas
The only manmade hazards identified in Dare County are those associated with civilian
and military aircraft operations. The civilian aircraft operations in Dare County are the
Dare County Regional Airport located on Roanoke Island; First Flight Airstrip located in
Kill Devil Hills; and the Billy Mitchell Airstrip located on Hatteras Island. The U.S. Air
Force and the U.S. Navy both operate bombing and artillery ranges with air space
restrictions on the Mainland portion of Dare County near the village of Stumpy Point.
Land within the three civilian airport facilities approach zones is subject to hazardous
conditions associated with aircraft take -offs and landings. In addition, land development
near the civilian facilities must be limited to ensure that it does not interfere with the safe
operation of the facilities.
The vastness of the military ranges and their isolated setting reduces the likelihood of any
hazard to land development. However, the noise that is a feature of low-level flights by
military aircraft is a source of aggravation to Mainland residents. The danger of an
accidental crash of a military aircraft into a developed area, however unlikely, remains a
possibility that cannot be dismissed.
1.3.1(c) Soil Characteristics
On the Mainland portion of Dare County, ground elevations are from 3 to 7 feet above
mean sea level and soil conditions are predominantly poorly drained with thin organic
loam to silt loam surface layers. Along much of the Outer Banks portion of the County,
the soils are generally well to moderately well drained sand. On Roanoke Island, soils
range from loamy sand surfaces with sandy clay loamy subsoils to silty clay loam surfaces.
In addition to these broad differences between the three main land masses, soil types can
vary significantly within relatively small areas. For more specific information on the soil
types found in Dare County, one is referred to the Dare County Soil Survey which may be
obtained from the Dare County Agricultural Extension Office or the local Soil and Water
Conservation Service office. Throughout Dare County, existing natural conditions have
been altered by drainage improvements and the introduction of soils from external origins.
Over the past 5 years, the definition of what constitutes a "wetland soil' has been the
subject of an on -going debate. As the criteria for wetland delineation has changed, so has
the amount of land identified as wetlands in Dare County.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section One Page 24

The high degree of variability in soil types, combined with a generally high, seasonally
'
fluctuating water table, makes large scale land use planning difficult. The Soil and Water
Conservation Service in Dare County has divided the entire County into four general
categories for septic tank suitability: suitable, marginal, unsuitable, and questionable. The
'
next table contains a summary of soil types found in Dare County and their suitability for
septic tanks:
Table 11 -- Classification for Soil Tunes for Septic Tank Suitability
,
SOIL TYPE DEPTH TO SUITABILITY
WATER TABLE
Duneland 6.0' Suitable
'
Fripp Fine Sand 6.0' Suitable
Newhan Fine Sand 6.0' Suitable
Newhan Complexes Varies Suitable
'
Pactolus-Wakula- Wagram-Association NA Suitable
Corolla Fine Sand 1.5' to 3.0' Marginal
Corolla Fine Sand, Forested 1.5' to 3.0' Marginal
'
Beach Foredune Association 0 to 3.0' (foredunes Unsuitable
6.0')
Corolla-Duckston Complex Unsuitable
,
Hobonny Soils 0 to 2.0' Unsuitable
Duckston Fine Sands 1.0' to 2.0' Unsuitable
Duckston Fine Sands, Forested 1.0' to 2.0' Unsuitable
'
Carteret Soils, High 1.0' to 3.0' Unsuitable
Conaby Soils 0 to 1.0' Unsuitable
Currituck Soils 0 to 3.0' Unsuitable
,
Wasada-Bladen Association NA Unsuitable
Capers Association NA Unsuitable
'
Dredge Spoil 3.0' Questionable
Madeland 0 to 2.0' Questionable
1.3.1(d) Vegetation and Elevated Dunes
'
Vegetation types vary throughout the County from the wooded wetlands of the Mainland
to the relic maritime forests of the barrier island strands. Wetland vegetation is abundant
and diverse. Coastal wetlands occur throughout the estuarine shorelines. Non -coastal or
,
freshwater wetlands permeate the land masses. The northern and southern beaches
Dare County Land Use Plan Section One Page 25 1

include vegetative sand hills that occasionally reach elevations of 50 feet or more above
mean sea level. Most notable of these areas are the dune system facing Roanoke Sound
on the northeast section of Roanoke Island; the Jockey's Ridge live dune system; the
maritime forests of Buxton Woods and Nags Head Woods; the Wright Brothers Memorial
in Kill Devil Hills; a small area of inland dunes south of Frisco, and the frontal dune system
' along the County's ocean shore.
1.3.1(e) Water Supply
Dare County is dependent upon several different sources of raw water, but all are entirely
' or partially dependent on groundwater. Underlying the County is a system of layers that
contain three aquifers. The first layer contains a shallow aquifer that ranges in depth from
' 50 feet on Roanoke Island to its maximum thickness of 100 feet at Kitty Hawk. This
aquifer is recharged by precipitation and is used by a small number of people on Roanoke
Island, the northern beaches of Dare County and Hatteras Island as a source of water for
' private wells. The land surface for recharge of this upper aquifer is Roanoke Island.
Additionally, this aquifer is hydraulically linked to the second aquifer and some recharge
occurs from the upper aquifer to the next aquifer below.
The second aquifer serves as the primary source of potable water for the County. Its
depth varies from 100 feet on Roanoke Island to 45 feet of depth in Nags Head. The
depth to the surface of this primary aquifer ranges from approximately 100 feet on
Roanoke Island to 200 feet along the northern beaches of the County. This aquifer
receives recharge from the Mainland portion of Dare County and Roanoke Island and may
' be affected by leakage from the upper aquifer. The estimated total annual recharge
capacity to the primary aquifer is 19,439 million gallons, which might produce a yield from
100,000 to 150,000 gallons per day. This figure may be not reached because the exact
' recharge of the primary aquifer depends on many factors including annual rainfall.
The third or lowest aquifer is not considered a likely source of potable water due to a
' variety of reasons. The water quality is unsuitable because its chlorine concentrations
exceed the maximum allowable levels of chlorine. Also, recharge to this aquifer is
suspected to be minimal since it is surrounded by clay layers that do not allow for a rapid
' recharge once water has been withdrawn.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section One Page 26

The Fresh Pond is a 2.7 acre lake located half -way between the Atlantic Ocean and
Roanoke Sound and is divided by the imaginary municipal boundaries of the Towns of
Nags Head and Kill Devil Hills. The water in the Fresh Pond comes from rainfall as well
as some flow from the upper or first layer of the groundwater aquifer system underlying
Dare County. The yield from the Fresh Pond is estimated at a safe, sustainable level of
900,000 gpd in a years time. For emergency purposes, a withdrawal of 1.5 million gpd is
possible for a short duration, the maximum being four days.
Water on Hatteras Island comes from either private wells in the villages of Rodanthe,
Waves, and Salvo and in the four villages of Avon, Buxton, Frisco and Hatteras, water is
supplied by the central water system managed by the Cape Hatteras Water Association.
The areas of Rodanthe, Waves and Salvo depend exclusively on private wells for their
potable water. The water is drawn from a shallow water table aquifer averaging 15 feet in
depth for which precipitation is the only source of freshwater recharge. The quality of this
water varies throughout the tri-village area with good quality water available on the ocean
side. The water on the sound side of the Island is potable but smells and tastes unpleasant.
This fluctuation in water quality is estimated to be the result of the hydrogeologic
structure of this area of Hatteras Island.
The CHWA draws its raw water from an aquifer system which lies underneath Hatteras
Island. This system consists of two aquifers, the first is a water table aquifer extending
from the land surface to the first confining beds. The second aquifer, a semi -confined
aquifer, is below and between these confining beds. The fresh groundwater fluctuates in
size as it is a lens -shaped mass which floats on heavier saltwater and is subject to seasonal
and tidal variations. The aquifer system is recharged by rainfall and the estimated annual
recharge is 2.178 billion gallons based on an average annual rainfall of 50 inches.
1.3.2 Fragile Areas
The unique physical setting of Dare County includes a number of features that could be
damaged or destroyed by incompatible development activity. These features include
coastal wetlands, ocean and sound beaches, all surrounding water bodies, unique
geological formations, and other areas susceptible to man's intrusion.
Many of these unique physical features have been offered regulatory protection as Areas
of Environmental Concern (AECs) under the Coastal Area Management Act . The AECs
are discussed in detail in Section 2.1.2. Although not a designated AEC, the Buxton
Woods forest is one of Dare County's most unique physical settings. The County has
developed a special set of zoning regulations designed to protect the forest while
accomodating minimal residential development.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section One Page 27
7
0

Some other special areas have been purchased by the Federal and/or State governments
and their development potential has been limited to conservation preservation. These
publicly -owned lands include the Cape Hatteras National Seashore, the Pea Island
National Wildlife Refuge, the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, Fort Raleigh
Complex, and the Buxton Woods Coastal Reserve.
Finally, Dare County's status as the origin of the first English settlement provides a past
rich with history and therefore archaeological and historic sites. These sites include most
of the soundside shoreline and certain upland portions of Roanoke Island.
' 1.3.3 Areas with Wildlife and Mineral Resources
' Areas with wildlife and mineral resources include: productive and unique agricultural
lands, potentially valuable mineral sites, publicly -owned forests, parks, fish and gamelands,
and other non -intensive outdoor recreation lands and privately -owned wildlife sanctuaries.
I
The State of North Carolina classifies certain farm lands as "prime" farm areas which are
areas that are suitable for farming but are also able to support other land uses because of
the suitable soils contained in these areas. Over the past several years, areas that are
considered as "prime" farmland have been developed as subdivisions resulting in the loss
of some of the State's most valuable farmland. There is approximately 5,500 acres of
"prime" farmland located on the Mainland of Dare County. However, over 75% of this
"prime : farmland is included in the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge and the
likelihood of the development of this land is minimal since it is under Federal ownership.
Many of these areas are owned and operated by Federal agencies. The mineral exaction
potential on Federal lands designated as wildlife resource areas or national parks is strictly
regulated by the U.S. Department of the Interior. Similar protection is extended to the
wildlife resources on these lands owned by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
The remaining portions of Dare County which are not publicly -owned that have wildlife
or mineral resources include the Mainland communities of East Lake, Manns Harbor,
' Mashoes, and Stumpy Point. While there has been discussion of major agricultural
development and possible peat mining at various times over the years, to date these
possibilities have not been pursued.
1
The final category of areas with resource potential are the numerous locations for
potential mining of sand, clay, or marl. At present sand mining is probably the most
prevalent of the three, but is not yet considered to be a significant element of the local
economy. This issue as well as each of the other resource areas mentioned above are also
discussed in the policy section of this document.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section 1 Page 28

1.4 Community Facilities and Services
Over the past two decades, unincorporated Dare County has undergone a transition from
sparsely developed coastal villages to seasonal resort enclaves that feature a
residential/commercial mix of land use. The demand for infrastructure improvements and
public services has increased significantly during this transition period. A discussion of
each of these items follows:
1.4.1 Water
The major water supply system for all of Dare County, including the municipalities, is the
Dare Regional Water Supply System (DRWSS). Water for the villages of Avon, Buxton,
Frisco, and Hatteras on Hatteras Island is supplied by the Cape Hatteras Water
Association, a privately -owned and operated utility service. The remaining areas of
unincorporated Dare County not supplied water from either of these two agencies rely on
private wells for potable water.
The provision of drinking water for the public water supply systems on the northern
beaches of Dare County is accomplished by producing water at the Skyco Ion Exchange
water plant on Ronaoke Island, the reverse osmosis desalination water treatment facility in
Kill Devil Hills and the Nags Head managed Fresh Pond surface water facility in Nags
Head.
The DRWSS was formed to succeed the Dare Beaches Water Authority as a vehicle to
develop an adequate water supply for the overall northern beaches of the County. The
DRWSS is not to be confused with the Dare County water system which provides and
maintains the water supply system by contracts with the Towns of Southern Shores and
Kitty Hawk. The village of Duck and some portions of Roanoke Island are also served by
the Dare County water system.
Concerns about financing, and the need for an authority to finance through issuance of
revenue bonds, led the North Carolina Local Government Commission to recommend that
Dare County be the political entity responsible for development of an adequate water
supply for the Dare beaches. The County's involvement began in the early 1970s and led
to the development of a groundwater supply on the southern end of Roanoke Island to
supplement the only plant in operation at that time, the Fresh Pond surface water
treatment plant.
Water delivery by the DRWSS to the municipalities began with the first gallons going to
the Town of Manteo on June 20, 1980. Shortly after, in August of 1980, water service to
the Towns of Kill Devil Hills and Nags Head began. Service to the customers in
unincorporated areas of Roanoke Island began a couple of days later with service to the
L
H
U
�J
I
Dare County Land Use Plan Section 1 Page 29 1

F
h
Towns of Southern Shores and Kitty Hawk and the village of Duck coming on-line later in
November and December of 1980. The initial installation of meters for water service was
approximately 1,000 meters. By the end of 1992, a total of 14,411 metered service
connections were being served through the main master meters that deliver water to the
Towns from the DRWSS.
The average annual daily water use for the DRWSS in 1992 was 3.173 MGD. The
maximum monthly average water use was 5.543 MGD in July with a close 5.470 MGD for
an average day in August 1992. The minimum's day usage occurs every year during the
winter months. The lowest consumer usage month was recorded in February when the
average gallonage totaled only 1.697 MGD. The year's lowest consumer water usage day
was February 26 when the entire distribution system used no more than 1.128 million
gallons. This creates a maximum to minimum water usage ratio of almost 6:1. During
peak days in the summer months of 1992, the demand reached as high as 6.583 MGD.
Table 1 shows the average monthly water use in MGD for each month.
Table 12 -- Average Monthly Water Use in MGD for 1992
M NTH
WATER USE
January
1.719
February
1.697 Minimum
March
1.975
April
2.827
May
3.316
June
4.286
July
5.543 Maximum
August
5.470
September
3.842
October
2.767
November
2.455
December
1.986
There are 4 major water users who purchase water from the DRWSS and in -turn
distribute and maintain their own water systems. Their average daily use is listed below.
Table 13 -- Four Major Wholesale Purchasers for 1992
Name of Water User
Avg MGD
Kill Devil Hills
1.086
Dare County
1.001
Nags Head
0.787
Manteo
0.178
Dare County Land Use Plan Section 1
Page 30

All groundwater delivered by the DRWSS is produced at either the Skyco plant or the
Reverse Osmosis desalination plant in Kill Devil Hills. Nags Head manages the
production of water at its Fresh Pond surface water treatment facility which also supplies '
water for delivery by the DRWSS.
The Skyco plant is located on the southern half of Roanoke Island. It is supplied by a '
series of 10 permanent wells drilled down to between 200 and 250 feet below the surface
into the upper Yorktowne aquifer, pulling water at various screened intervals between 120
feet and 220 feet. The combined 12 hour yield of all wells is 2.722 MGD and the '
production capacity exceeds 5.0 MGD. The plant was built in 1979 to supply additional
water to the then only sources of drinking water for the County's public water supply
systems; the Fresh Pond water treatment plants operated by both the Towns of Kill Devil '
Hills and Nags Head.
The R.O plant is located in Kill Devil Hills on a tract of land known as the Baum tract. It ,
is presently supplied water by a series of 8 wells drilled down to 425 feet below the
surface on the same tract of land as the plant: Two additional wells are underway for
added supply, with target start up dates around the spring of 1994. The R.O. plant is
supplied raw water from a different and unconnected portion of the Yorktowne aquifer
that supplies the Skyco plant. The combined 12 hour yield of all wells is 2.592 MGD and '
production capacity is 3.0 MGD.
The R.O. plant was brought on-line in August 1989 to supply additional water when
customer demand approached the upper limits of the production capabilities of the Skyco
plant and the Nags Head Fresh Pond plant. Once the Skyco plant came on line, there was
little need for the Kill Devil Hills treatment of Fresh Pond water to continue and the plant '
was dismantled shortly thereafter.
The Fresh Pond surface water treatment facility is located at the western municipal '
boundaries of the Town limits separating Kill Devil Hills and Nags Head. This 30 acre
pond is utilized most often during the peak tourist season in the summer and is the only
large surface source of fresh water on the Outer Banks. '
Built in 1964 as the first source of fresh water supply to the original water supply systems
of Kill Devil Hills and Nags Head, this plant can produce almost 1.5 MGD over a short '
period of time. Estimates of a long-term, sustained yield of 900,000 gallons per day can
be achieved without causing an unacceptable drain on the pond. There is an estimated
106.2 million gallons of fresh water in this pond when full. ,
Total sustained present maximum production capacity of the three treatment plants ,
supplying water to the DRWSS is 8.9 MGD.
n
Dare County Land Use Plan Section 1 Page 31 1

d
Throughout Dare County, tourism plays a major part in the future in determining water
customer demand. The following table lists future population and water demand
projections until the year 2020.
Table 14 -- Future Population and Water Demand
Year
County
Year-round System
% of County
Avg. MGD
Peak
Population
Population
Population
Day Total
MGD
1990
22,746
12,050
52.98%
2.908
6.319
1992
24,680
13,323
53.98%
3.173
6.583
2000
32,416
18,313
56.49%
4.316
8.954
2010
42,142
24,186
57.39%
6.034
12.519
2020
51,851
30,680
59.17%
7.766
16.112
Best estimates point to the fact that an expansion in the production capabilities of the
DRWSS will need to be started well in advance of the anticipated increases in demand
prior to the year 2000.
' Present production and an additional 13 million gallons in storage throughout Dare
County's northern beaches and Roanoke Island should be sufficient to handle the peak
anticipated demand and fire flow protection until the turn of the century. But, once again,
these figures are based on best calculated, estimated customer demand figures as
anticipated in 1993, and should be reviewed and re-evaluated annually.
Based on the present views of the withdrawals of water from the wellfield on Roanoke
Island, expansions in the production capabilities of the DRWSS will most likely be
accomplished with new wells on the beach and not at the Skyco plant.
The reverse osmosis plant in Kill Devil Hills was built with three R.O. units installed and
room for the installation of five additional 1.0 MGD reverse osmosis skids for a total plant
production capacity of 8.0 MGD when fully expanded. The installation of two wells per
each additional R.O. unit installed will be necessary. The anticipated site of these wells is
to the south of the present location of the R.O. plant. As stated earlier, the expansion of
the wellfield and the production of water must occur prior to customer peak demand
reaching 8.9 MGD around the year 2000.
Water for the unincorporated areas of Roanoke Island not serviced by the DRWSS rely on
private wells for potable water as does the mainland areas of Dare County.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section 1 Page 32

1
On Hatteras Island, the villages of Avon, Buxton, Frisco, and Hatteras are serviced by the
privately -operated Cape Hatteras Water Association. The CHWA serves an average daily
population of 6,900, which varies greatly during the year. Hatteras Island's economy '
depends on tourism and this accounts for wide fluctuations in population during the winter
and summer months.
The Water Association Treatment Plant processes water drawn from 44 shallow wells,
located in the Buxton Woods surficial aquifer. The total average recharge on this aquifer
is approximately 7.5 MGD and the average daily withdrawal is .698 MGD.
The following table illustrates the withdrawals amounts for each month during 1992. The
minimum water use month was February with .368 MGD. The maximum water use
'
month was August, with a daily water use of 1.087 MGD. This is during the peak tourist
season and the peak day was August 12, 1992 with a usage of 1.3.10 MGD.
,
MONTH WITHDRAWAL
January .441 mgd
February .368 mgd
,
March .445 mgd
April .652 mgd
May .741 mgd
'
June .891 mgd
July 1.044 mgd
August 1.087 mgd
'
September .819 mgd
November .606 mgd
December .432 mgd
,
In 1992, the CHWA applied for a major CAMA permit from the State of North Carolina '
to expand their wellfield area. This permit was issued by the Division of Coastal
Management but before construction on the new wells could begin, a third party lawsuit
was filed by the Southern Environmental Law Center on behalf of the Friends of Hatteras ,
Island , a local environmental group and the project was put on hold. In response to this
the CHWA has issued a moratorium on the sale of new water impacts units until the
lawsuit is settled. This moratorium, in effect, stopped all new construction unless the '
property owner had previously purchased water impact units which could be used. The
Dare County Board of Commissioners issued a directive in late 1993 which allowed the
use of private wells on existing lots in the villages of Avon, Buxton, Frisco, and Hatteras '
as an interim response to the moratorium situation. Once the legal issue is resolved, the
CHWA plans to increase its water production to 2.5 MGD of produced water, which
should meet the service area's needs until the year 2000.
F
Dare County Land Use Plan Section 1 Page 33 1

The other Hatteras Island villages of Rodanthe, Waves, and Salvo all rely on private wells
for potable water. The water in these villages, while safe for drinking, is of poor quality.
The County has completed a feasibility study of a reverse osmosis plant to serve these
' villages and construction plans are being sent out to bid as this Plan is nearing completion.
This 1.0 MGD plant is scheduled to be completed by the fall of 1995.
Source: Bob Oreskovich, Dare County Water Superintendent
1.4.2 Wastewater
Publicly -owned wastewater r y treatment in Dare County is available only from the Town of
Manteo, which operates a surface water discharge plant. The Town has recently
' completed an upgrade that brings the wastewater treatment capacity of this system to
600,000 gallons per day (gpd). The current demand is 375,000 gpd, which leaves a
' residual capacity of 225,000 gpd. Portions of unincorporated Dare County adjacent to the
Town's service area have applied for annexation in order to hook-up with the Town's
central wastewater system. Dare County anticipates increased urbanization of those
portions of Roanoke Island that have existing infrastructure to accomodate wastewater
treatment retrofit.
' There are no other publicly -owned sewage treatment plants in Dare County and little
prospect of any being developed in the immediate future. Environmental constraints
pertaining to surface water discharge and a lack of suitable soils for land application
' combine to create a disincentive for central wastewater treatment.
On -site septic tank and drainfield systems serve as the predominant method of wastewater
' treatment. In situations where the intensity of land use or the limitations of soils preclude
a traditional septic tank system, alternative methods of wastewater treatment have been
' used. These include package treatment plants, low pressure systems, composting toilets,
and incinerating toilets. Constructed wetland disposal has been examined as an alternative
in locations where constraints are severe, but this alternative has yet to be accepted for
' purposes other than experimentation.
1.4.3 Transportation
Most travel within Dare County occurs on two arterial routes. For either north -south or
east -west travel, motorists in Dare County are limited to the choice of possible travel
routes. The arterial roadway system in the County is shown on the accompanying "Key
Roadways" map and consists of the following major links:
I
Dare County Land Use Plan Section 1 Page 34

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Bare County Land Use Plan Sect4or. One Page 34-a

7i
• For north -south traffic, Route 158 (Croatan Highway) and N.C. 12 (Virginia Dare
Trail) serve the Southern Shores to Whalebone area, while N.C. 12 serves both the
northern and southern island areas.
• Movements on and off the outer islands to the west are also confined to the Route
64 and Route 158 bridge crossings and, on a more limited scale, to ferry
connections to Ocracoke Island.
• On the mainland, travel is also limited to Route 64 and Route 264.
The narrow widths of the barrier islands minimize the volume of traffic flows on cross
streets which intersect the arterial roads. Because of this, the major intersections in the
County are formed by the approach roads to the various bridge crossings. These serve to
transfer east -west flows to and from the north -south direction.
Traffic flows within the County vary widely according to the roadway section, season, and
day of week. Typical of a resort or recreational area, the roadway system in Dare County
experiences sizable variations in traffic demands. While most evident on the bridge
crossings and primary arterial routes, travel throughout the County will vary in response
' to visitor activity. A highlight of 1992 Average Daily Traffic as determined by NCDOT is
illustrated in the following tables. While most roads in the County had average daily
traffic flows of less than 4,000 vehicles per day, several key roadway sections and bridges
' had average daily traffic flows of 8,500 to 40,000 vehicles per day. However, during peak
seasons, substantially higher volumes occur.
Table 15 -- Average Daily Traffic Counts for Key Roadway
U.S. 158
' Approximate Location of Counter Average Daily Traffic Count for 1992
Just north of Whalebone Junction in Nags Head 19,600
' Near Kill Devil Hills Post Office 40,400
Near Duck Intersection in Kitty Hawk 24,200
In Kitty Hawk near Wal-mart 18,400
' U.S. 64/264
' Approximate Location of Counter Average Daily Traffic County for 1992
Nags Head Causeway 15,500
' Manteo Causeway 15,700
North end of Roanoke Island near Fort Raleigh 4,100
Just north of ABC store 12,000
' Near Gateway Intersection on Mainland 2,900
IDare County Land Use Plan Section 1
Page 35

N.C. 12 '
Approximate Location of Counter Average
Daily Traffic Count for 1992
Between Duck and Sanderling
15,300
'
Just south of Kitty Hawk Pier
3,200
Near Kill Devil Hills/Nags Head town boundaries
8,700
Just south of Whalebone Junction
8,300
'
Northern end of Oregon Inlet Bridge
4,000
Near stoplight in Avon village
5,900
Between Buxton and Frisco
4,700
Near ferry landing in Hatteras village
2,800
'
U.S. 64
Approximate Location of Counter Average Daily Traffic Count for 1992 '
Just west of Gateway Intersection 2,800
Before landing at Alligator River Bridge 2,100
Source: 1992 ADT Maps from NCDOT
Throughout Dare County roads and highways feature a number of variations in design, ,
signalization frequency, width, and intersection alignment. These features alternatively
either accomodate or inhibit traffic flows depending on the season and climatic conditions. '
Drainage of the highway surface is a particularly aggravating factor during storm events.
Other areas which restrict or influence traffic movements include
• Turning movements in the more densely developed areas of the County such as
between Southern Shores and Whalebone Junction;
• Bridge geometry at Oregon Inlet; f
• Sharp roadway curves north of Rodanthe and Buxton; I
• Ferry operations on Hatteras Island
Recently, ocean overwash associated with storm tides has endangered portions of N.C. 12 ,
on Hatteras Island. The N.C. Department of Transportation has made the stabilization of
the ocean front along the threatened portions of N.C. 12 a priority interim project. Long- '
term alternatives still under review include elevating portions of the roadbed or re -locating
the road's alignment further away from the oceanfront.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section 1 Page 36

Dare County has limited capacity in other modes of transportation. Air transportation is
limited to the Dare County Regional Airport on Roanoke Island, the First Flight Airport in
Kill Devil Hills, and the Billy Mitchell Airport on Hatteras Island. At present, there are no
scheduled passenger services by a regional carrier. A proposal to extend the runway at the
Dare County Regional Airport is currently under review by the Dare County Airport
Authority. Should the facilities be expanded, the availability of regularly scheduled
commuter service will be a more likely possibility. In addition, a committee has been
appointed by the Dare County Board of Commissioners to study the alternative of
relocating the Regional Airport to a compatible site. In addition to serving the civil
aviation needs of Dare County, the three airports in the County have served as important
staging centers for aviation -related activities during hurricanes and other storm events and
function as elements of the Evacuation Plan for the County.
Dare County is not served by any bus or railroad operations however there is a growing
fleet of readily available taxi cabs.
' The island geography of Dare County makes bridges the key to expedited traffic
movement. This factor is critical in determining time necessary to evacuate the County
during a hurricane event. The time will vary based on seasonal population. During the
peak periods, it could take as long as 27 hours to evacuate and during off-season periods,
it is estimated to take between 13 to 18 hours.
' Since the 1987 Dare County Land Use Plan, a number of new highway improvements
have been constructed or have commenced construction. These include:
' • A high-rise multi -lane replacement of the old 2-lane draw bridge between Roanoke
Island and Nags Head. (Washington Baum Bridge)
• Widening to 4 lanes of the Manteo-Nags Head Causeway (estimated completion
1994). This includes the re -configuration of the Whalebone Junction Intersection.
• Replacement of 2 bridges on SR 1217 (estimated completion 1994)
• Commencement of construction of a second bridge spanning the Currituck Sound
on Route 158 -- the principal evacuation route for the north beaches (estimated
completion 1996)
' • Various 4 lane improvements to Route 158 from Currituck County to Whalebone
Junction.
' Also, a mid -county bridge for Currituck County beaches that would relieve congestion in
northern Dare County, particularly in evacuation situations, has been proposed but
' remains subject to further debate. The N.0 Department of Transportation is also studying
the possible construction of a bridge from Manns Harbor to the intersection of N.C. 345
and U.S. 64/264 on Roanoke Island.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section I Page 37

1.4.4 Law Enforcement
Law enforcement in Dare County is administered at various levels of government ranging
from Federal enforcement agencies to municipal police departments.
The National Park Service has personnel who patrol the south beaches of Dare County
that are included in the Cape Hatteras National Seashore. The State Highway Patrol has
officers stationed in Dare County who have jurisdiction County -wide but focus mainly on
the unincorporated areas of the County.
The Dare County's Sheriffs Department has approximately 44 deputies plus the sheriff and
the administrative support staff. The Department's central offices are located on Roanoke
Island and satellite offices are maintained in Kill Devil Hills and Hatteras village. The
deputies are distributed among three districts 1) Roanoke Island/Mainland 2) North
beaches 3) Hatteras Island.
A new detention center was constructed and opened in 1992. The jail has a total capacity
of 122 inmates with room for 110 male inmates and 12 female inmates and is a direct
supervision method of incarceration. The new jail employs approximately 47 detention
officers as compared to only 5 jailers employed before the new jail was constructed.
With the construction of the new detention center, the central office of the Dare County
communications was re -located to Roanoke Island from its previous location in Kill Devil
Hills. The administration of the Communications Department was transferred from the
Sheriffs Department to a communications board established by the Dare County Board of
Commissioners.
The five municipalities all operate their own police departments who have jurisdiction
within their respective municipal boundaries but also provide mutual aid to other law
enforcement agencies when necessary.
1.4.5 Fire Protection
Dare County is divided into 15 fire districts:
Northern Beaches:
Duck
Southern Shores
Kitty Hawk
Kill Devil Hills
Colington
Nags Head
Hatteras Island:
Rodanthe-Waves
Salvo
Avon
Buxton
Frisco
Hatteras
Dare County Land Use Plan Section 1
Roanoke Island: Mainland: '
Manes Harbor
Stumpy Point
Page 38

Four of these districts are municipalities and provide their own services, equipment, and
funding. A fifth municipality, Manteo, makes up a portion of the Roanoke Island district.
The fire districts have established a Fire Officer's Association and all departments have
signed county -wide mutual aid agreements. Two other organizations located within the
' borders of Dare County which provide fire protection are the N.C. Forest Service and the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, The N.C. Forest Service provides protection in the
woodland areas and the USFWLS provides fire protection on the Alligator River National
' Wildlife Refuge located on the mainland.
1 Source: Buddy Shelton, Dare County Fire Marshal
1.4.6 Public Schools
The education system in Dare County is directed by an elected Board of Education which
currently has seven members. A superintendent in charge of the administration duties of
the school system is appointed by the Board of Education. Funding for the school system
1 is a combination of State funds and local funds allocated by the Dare County Board of
Commissioners.
' The school system consists of eight facilities located throughout the County. Specifics for
these schools are outlined in the following table:
L
i
Name of School
Kitty Hawk Elem.
Manteo Elem.
First Flight Elem.
Manteo Middle
First Flight Middle
Manteo High
Cape Hatteras
DC Alternative
Table 16 -- School Enrollment
Grades Capacity Enrollment as of June 1993
K-5 708 469
K-5
K-5
6-8
6-8
9-12
K-12
9-12
684
540
396
650
720
696
40
618
536
253
431
708
548
30
As can be seen from the preceding table, three of the eight schools, First Flight
Elementary, Manteo Elementary, and Manteo High, are close to capacity and for planning
purposes they can be considered at their full potential. The First Flight Elementary and
the First Flight Middle schools, which are located on the Baum tract in Kill Devil Hills,
Dare County Land Use Plan Section 1 Page 39

were constructed and opened for the 1991-92 school year. There has been discussion of
building a high school on the Baum tract on top of the Run Hill dune but resistance from
the Nags Head Woods Nature Conservancy has caused delays as well as a consensus on
whether a separate high school for the north beaches is necessary.
Annually, the N.C. Department of Public Instruction provides school systems updated
pupil projection figures. The following are those figures for the Dare County school
system through the year 2000:
Table 17 -- Projected School Population
GRADE 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000
Kgarten
309
346
330
290
-----
-----
-----
1st
399
431
483
460
404
-
-----
2nd
387
386
417
468
446
391
-----
3rd
305
400
399
431
483
461
404
4th
317
305
401
400
432
484
462
5th
322
333
320
421
420
453
508
6th
321
327
338
325
427
426
460
7th
307
341
348
359
345
454
453
8th
295
320
355
363
374
360
473
9th
309
335
363
403
412
425
409
10th
243
272
295
319
354
362
374
llth
206
214
240
260
282
312
320
12th
189
205
212
238
258
280
310
TOTALS
3,931
4,237
4,523
4,759
------
-------
------
To keep pace with the projected growth in the public school enrollment in Dare County
and to meet the requirements of the N.C. Department of Public Instruction's Division of
School Planning, the Dare County Board of Education submitted a long-range, 10-year
facility plan to the State on January 1, 1993. Needed improvements in the plan include
additions and renovations to existing school buildings, the acquisition of land and
construction of new school facilities, as well as administrative and support buildings.
Capital improvements estimated to cost over $500,000 for the first 5 years of this 10-year
long-range plan are summarized in the table below. The Board of Education has noted
that the projects outlined are proposed, the year in which projects will be needed are
tentative and costs shown are estimates. This information was taken from a non -binding
planning document:
D
H
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Dare County Land Use Plan Section 1 Page 40 1

Table 18 -- Educational Capital Improvement Projections
'
YEAR
TYPE OF IMPROVEMENT
COST ESTIMATE
1993-1994
CHS -- property purchase & development; renovate elem.
$615,000
gym; replace fuel tank; instructional technology &
equipment
1994-1995
MES -- replace roof, instructional technology; furniture &
$610,448
'
equipment
1994-1995
MHS - expansion; replace carpet;- renovations;
$3,391,240
instructional technology; furniture & equipment
'
1995-1996
System -wide -- handicapped accessibility (ADA);
$2,611,000
asbestos removal; pre-school facilities
1995-1996
FFES -- classroom addition; instructional technology;
furniture & equipment; communications (Dare Central)
$1,429,200
1995-1996
CHS -- property development; soccer field; renovate
$980,000
primary building and replace roof, instructional
technology; furniture & equipment
1995-1996
MHS -- renovations; replace carpet; instructional
$722,000
technology; furniture & equipment
'
1995-1996
DCAS -- bldg. replacement; instructional technology;
$527,000
furniture & equipment
'
1996-97
New elementary school
$8,544,993
1996-1997
MMS -- renovations; instructional technology; furniture
$562,000
& equipment
'
1997-1998
System -wide -- Handicapped accessibility (ADA);
$1,431,200
asbestos removal; pre-school facilities
1997-1998
CHS -- pool; instructional technology; furniture &
$1,622,000
'
equipment
1997-1998
MES -- central HVAC; instructional technology; furniture
$1,158,896
& equipment
'
1997-1998
NMS -- central HVAC; instructional technology;
$1,826,720
furniture & equipment
1997-1998
NMS -- central HVAC; track; classroom addition with
furniture; expand cafeteria; media center; renovate
$2,189,700
exceptional children's area; instructional technology;
'
communications (Dare Central); furniture & equipment
In summary,
the Dare County Board of Education has estimated long-range facility needs
through 1997-98 at almost $34 million, a little more than half its estimated total 10-year,
'
long-range needs of almost $60 million through the year 2002-2003.
source: Kathy Newbem, Dare County Board of Education
Dare County Land Use Plan Section 1
Page 41
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1.4.7 Parks and Recreation
The abundance of natural resources in Dare County provide many opportunities for
recreational activities. Traditionally, the County has not appropriated a large amount of
money to be used for the construction of recreational facilities. The County does maintain
a Parks and Recreation Department which organizes team sport activities throughout the
County. The programs of the P&R department rely on the recreational facilities at the
area schools and community centers. The Town of Kill Devil Hills owns an outdoor
athletic complex and programming of this site is administered by the County P&R
department. Participation in the programs offered by the MR. department continues to
increase and eventually the need for recreational facilities will demand that more facilities
be constructed.
The County has been trying for the past few years to establish an outdoor recreational area
in Duck but has been unsuccessful. Land appropriate for such a complex is scarce and the
sites that have been identified are expensive. Efforts to lease additional land from the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers near their research pier have been met with much resistance
from this agency. A committee to oversee the construction of a ballfield and community
center in Buxton on the Fessenden tract has been established for several years. Site plans
for the tract and engineering work necessary to begin construction of the buidling have
been completed but funding for the project from the County has been delayed because of
other higher priority needs. The committee however continues to lobby the County
Commissioners for the facility.
A list of the programs currently offered by the County P& R department is below:
Table 19 -- Parks and Recreation Prowarns
Adult Programs
Aerobics, (men and women)
Open Gym
Crafts
Horseshoes
Slow Pitch Softball (men and women)
Volleyball
Tennis Lessons
Soccer
Basketball
Youth Programs
Summer Day Camp
Dance
After School Arts and Crafts
Swimming Lessons
Basketball (various age groups)
Baseball (various age groups)
T-ball
Tennis Lessons
Karate
Soccer (various age groups)
Gymnastics
Girls Softball
Wrestling
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Dare County Land Use Plan Section 1 Page 42 I

' 1.4.8 Solid Waste
' Solid waste collection from both the residential and commercial properties in Dare County
is handled by the local governments. The County government contracts with the Towns
of Kitty Hawk and Southern Shores for solid waste pick-up and is responsible for pick-ups
in the unincorporated areas. The County also provides solid waste disposal services for
Ocracoke Island in Hyde County. The Towns of Manteo, Nags Head and Kill Devil Hills
all provide their own solid waste pick-ups.
u
1
The County owns and operates transfer stations in Buxton and Manteo as well as a
landfill in East Lake. The projected capacity of the East Lake landfill was originally 1995.
However, the amount of solid waste collections has exceeded the original estimates and
the landfill will reach its capacity before 1995. A site in Stumpy Point for a new landfill
has been identified. Preliminary costs estimates for construction have reached as high as
$60 million.
Over the past two years, negotiations with other counties in the region have lead to the
establishment of a Regional Waste Authority. Dare County has signed contracts to
transport solid waste to a landfill in Bertie County beginning in fiscal year 1993-94. The
costs of this agreement are much lower than the estimates for construction of a new
landfill in Stumpy Point. The County will close the East Lake landfill in October 1993.
After this date, all solid waste collected by the County will be transferred to Bertie
County. Collection services will still be provided by the County. The three municipalities
who also provided solid waste collection services have been notified that they have the
option of participating with the County in the agreement to transport our solid waste out
of the County or else make their own arrangements.
1.5 Anticipated Demand
1.5.1 Demographic Projections
One goal of the Dare County Land Use Plan is to project population growth and then
demise a strategy for dealing with the impact such a population change may have on the
County. As the population changes, so does the demand for a broad range of services and
facilities provided by the local government.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section 1 Page 43

Prior to 1970, the population growth in Dare County was modest. However, since the
1970s, Dare County has consistently led North Carolina in per capita population growth
and has ranked as one of the fastest growing counties in all of the southeastern United
States. The "discovery" of Dare County as one of the last unspoiled barrier island
communities on the East Coast is detailed in the chart on the following page:
Table 20 -- Population Figures
Year
Population
1960
5,935
1970
6,995
1980
13,377
1990
22,746
In 1985, the County contracted with the Booz-Allen-Hamilton consultant firm to develop
a data base and management strategy for the County. This study included three sets of
population projections designed to depict average, above average, and extraordinary
population growth. At that time, a robust national economy was fueling a vibrant second
home industry and thousands of newcomers were choosing to make Dare County home.
Many local community leaders were convinced that the astounding projection of a year-
round population of 54,000 by 1995 was not beyond reason.
As quickly as the population boom occurred, the recessionary period of the late 1980s
brought the booming growth to a halt. The U.S. Census found 22,746 year-round
residents living in Dare County in 1990, which came within 1000 persons of matching the
Booz-Allen-Hamilton "average" projection for the decade.
The N.C. Office of State Planning prepares population projections for each county based
on the birth and death rates as well as the growth and migration patterns for the period
between 1980 and 1990. The table below shows the population projections prepared by
the State compared with the population projections for an "average" growth rate in the
Booz-Allen- Hamilton study.
Table 21 -- Population Projections
Year
State of NC Projections
BAH Projections
1990
22,746
23,796
1995
27,731
25,738
2000
32,938
27,886
2005
37,216
N/A
2010
42,142
N/A
1
Dare County Land Use Plan Section 1 Page 44 ,

' The figures for the Boaz -Allen -Hamilton projections are Iower than the State's
projections. The State's figures project the largest growth period to be from 1990 to 1995
with a growth rate of 4.0%. The projections of the State predict a gradual decrease in the
growth rate (2.5% for the period 2005 to 2010) but still show a steady overall population
increase from 1990 to the year 2010. The population projection provided by the State
estimates that the permanent population of Dare County in the year 2010 will be 42,142.
Compared to the Booz-Allen-Hamilton figures, the projected population increases at a
much smaller rate of 1.58% for the 5 year period between 1990 and 1995 and 1.61% for
' the period between 1995 and the year 2000. The Booz-Allen-Hamilton study did not
provide projections past the year 2000.
As a destination tourist resort, the actual population of Dare County at any given period
of the calendar year is difficult to calculate. Factors such as time of the year, weather
conditions, and special events can greatly influence the number of people present in Dare
' County at any one time. There are a significant number of single family structures that are
made available for short-term rental. In addition, there are campgrounds, motels, time-
share condominiums, and travel -trailer parks with the ability to accomodate a large number
of visitors. Best estimates are that the population of Dare County swells during the
summer seasonal peak to approximately 150,000. The estimates are based on the year-
round population plus 100% occupancy of all rental housing stock, non -rental second
homes, motel rooms, and campgrounds. Also, using this concept, Booz-Allen-Hamilton
estimates the seasonsal population peak to be 150,000. Given the dynamic nature of
' tourism, an exact figure is almost impossible to calculate. The 1990 census for the year-
round population in Dare County was 22,746. For purposes of planning for many capital
needs and service demands, Dare County must use the peak population figures because at
any given time, the peak population or some variant thereof will generate a related
demand for services.
1.5.2 Future Land Use Needs
Future land use needs in unincorporated Dare County will center around residential
development in existing subdivisions and a limited amount of commercial development
catering to the seasonal population. The capacity of the remaining undeveloped land in
Dare County to accomodate new development will be limited by the availability of soils
' that can support septic tank systems. Unlike most communities, there is no publicly -
owned central wastewater treatment available in unincorporated Dare County, and no
such system is planned in the foreseeable future. Therefore, existing natural soil
constraints serve as a development density limitation unless the private sector absorbs the
Dare County Land Use Plan Section 1 Page 45

costs of constructing central wastewater treatment. Under the current standards for '
minimum lot size, future development dependent upon on -site septic systems will be
limited to 2.5 dwelling units per acre. Zoning codes will regulate any greater densities that '
might be possible if a privately -owned central wastewater treatment plant is available. The
greatest potential density would be in the RS-10 zoning district which would allow 10
dwelling units per acre. Dare County will not provide dwelling density increases even if
central wastewater treatment has been made available by the private sector.
Other factors that will influence the future land use needs include the expansion of the '
Town of Manteo's central wastewater treatment system and a residual capacity that will be
created by the expansion. The residual capacity, 225,000 gpd, will most likely generate
requests for line extensions from land owners on Roanoke Island outside of the Town's '
boundaries. The line extension requests may also result in annexations and a potential
increase in development density on Roanoke Island.
On Hatteras Island, the Count has begun the engineering work to establish ' Y � � g a central
water facility for the village of Rodanthe, Waves, and Salvo. Until the water plant for
Rodanthe, Waves, and Salvo is complete, the development potential will be constrained by '
the need to rely on private wells as a source of potable water. However, no substantial
increase in dwelling density will be created by the availability of central water. The only
effect would be a reduction in minimum lot size from 20,000 square feet to 15,000 square
feet or a factor of 25%.
In summary, the land use needs of Dare County will continue to demand whatever land
that remains undeveloped and environmentally suitable for development potential. Certain
improvements such as the construction of a central water system for the villages of
Rodanthe, Waves, Salvo and the expansion of the Town of Manteo's wastewater
treatment plant will influence the locations where growth patterns will occur.
J
Dare County Land Use Plan Section 1 Page 46 1

1
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Section Two:
Natural Resources
(Policies and Implementation Strategies)

I
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Introduction
Included in this section are a number of policy statements intended to provide anyone
using this Plan a sense of direction about land use issues in unincorporated Dare County.
These policies represent the official position adopted by the Dare County Board of
Commissioners and can be used to assist in permit administration, zoning and re -zoning
decisions, subdivision approvals, and State and Federal consistency reviews.
Preceding each policy statement is a narrative describing the policy issue and any other
information that may be pertinent to the policy statement. Following each policy
statement, in most cases, the reader will find at least one implementation strategy. In
some instances, implementation strategies are not included because the policy does not
require any strategy to implement due to the nature of the issue.
The following is an example:
Highway safety and a reduction in the number of injuries and fatalities associated with
traffic accidents are important issues in Dare County. Each year, hundreds of thousands
of vehicles travel the roads of Dare County and the County is committed to making our
roadways as safe as possible.
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .
1?(�t.ICX
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE SAFE ROADS ACT OF 1990 AND RECOGNIZES
THE IMPORTANCE OF HIGHWAY SAFETY IN DARE COUNTY.
Implementation Strategy
1. The County Commissioners will coordinate with the Dare County Sheriffs Department
to conduct an annual Seat Belt Use Awareness campaign.
Each of the policy statements included in this section are the product of an alternatives
workshop conducted by the Dare County Planning Board on September 13, 1993. The
reader can follow the analysis by turning to Appendix C. The information in Appendix C
is a summary of the results of the Community Attitudes Survey, a series of community
forums, and the individual discretion of each of the Planning Board members. Many of the
issues included in the Plan are required under the Land Use Planning Guidelines
Subchapter of the Coastal Area Management Act. Others are special issues identified as a
result of public input and are included because they are important to the future land use
needs of unincorporated Dare County.
I Dare CountyLand Use Plan Section Two Page 47
g

The implementation strategies for each policy issue are designed to result in the policy '
selected actually being used in the decision -making process. The actual implementation of
any given policy may follow the proposed strategy, may occur in some other fashion, or ,
may not be implemented at all.
The policy statement, however, is a very important feature of the Land Use Plan and '
serves as a binding documentation of the County's position on each of these issues.
Ideally, these policy statements will serve to guide land planning and development
activities for the duration of the 5 year planning cycle. In most cases, the effectiveness of '
the policy cannot be judged unless there has been ample time for implementation to have
occurred. However, in some instances, policy statements may have to be amended or re-
written to reflect a change in community attitude or political leadership. '
I
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two 1
Page 48
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2.1 Use and Production
2.1.1 Natural Limitations on Development
2. L I (a) Soil Suitability for Wastewater Treatment
The use and development of land in unincorporated Dare County is limited by a number of
natural and manmade conditions as discussed in Section One of this Plan. The suitability
of soils for use as drainfields for on -site septic tank/drainfield wastewater treatment
systems is probably the most significant natural limitation to development in Dare County.
Although the amount of soils suitable for septic tank systems is limited, this limitation
serves as a natural governor on the level of development potential. The concept of
engineered package treatment plants and central wastewater treatment was examined as a
part of the update process. The use of package treatment plants was acceptable only
when soil conditions preclude the use of conventional septic tank systems. The concept of
central wastewater collection and treatment was not well received based on a concern that
wastewater treatment capacity would be used as a growth and development stimulant.
'pLiC 2.1::..a):::
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF
TITLE 10, CHAPTER 10, SUBCHAPTER 10-A, SECTION .1900 OF THE LAWS
AND RULES FOR SANITARY SEWAGE COLLECTION, TREATMENT, AND
DISPOSAL. IN DOING SO, IT IS THE COUNTY'S INTENT TO PROTECT
EXISTING GROUNDWATER RESOURCES, THE NATURAL CONDITIONS OF
ESTUARINE WATERS, AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH, SAFETY, AND GENERAL
WELFARE.
Implementation Strategy
1. The County will continue to enforce minimum State standards for septic tank and
' nitrification field systems through the Dare County Board of Health and staff
sanitarians.
2.1.1 (b) Topographic Conditions and/or Proximity to Surface Water Bodies
The other major natural limitation on land use and development in Dare County is the
absence of natural ground elevations to preclude flooding from adjacent water bodies. To
the east, the barrier islands of Dare County are bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and subject
to overwash due to hurricanes and/or winter storms often called nor'easters. To the west,
Dare CountyLand Use Plan Section Two Page 49
g

the barrier islands are bordered by the Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds and their related '
tributary waters. The sound shoreline is subject to flooding brought on by hurricanes
and/or winter storms in much the same fashion as the oceanfront depending upon the
actual track of these weather systems. Even the remaining portions of unincorporated
Dare County are subject to tidal flooding by the Albemarle and Pamlico sounds and their
associated waters during severe weather systems.
The absence of natural ground elevations can be overcome through building codes and
practices that require structures located in low lying areas to be elevated above the
estimated flood levels. Dare County participates in the National Flood Insurance Program
(NFIP) and enforces all applicable State and Federal guidelines for construction in
floodprone areas. 1
1. The County will continue to enforce the Federal Emergency Management Agency
guidelines for construction in special flood hazard zones and N.C. Building Code
specifications for coastal construction.
2.1.1. (c) Sea Level Rise
Over the past 5 years, members of the scientific community and academia have debated
the validity of the phenomenon known as sea level rise. Based on conjecture that involves
global warming, the demise of the protective ozone, and the greenhouse effect, some '
scientists postulate that certain coastal locations are destined to be overcome by sea level
rise. This theory was discussed as a part of the update of this Land Use Plan and the
following policy was selected to be included in the Plan.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 50 ,

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2.1.2 Regulatory Limitations on Development
In addition to the natural limitations discussed in Section 2.1.1, there are a number of
regulatory limitations on land- use and development in Dare County. The extraordinary
abundance of natural resources in Dare County has resulted in the establishment of
regulatory programs designed to ensure the continued viability of the natural resource
base. The most significant of these programs is the Coastal Area Management Act of
1974 (CAMA) which calls for the identification of certain environmentally fragile and
important land and water areas that are considered to be of greater than local significance.
The Coastal Resources Commission, in cooperation with local governments in the 20
county coastal area, has developed a program of permit review and coordination within
these "areas of environmental concern" (AECs).
While the CAMA program identifies some 13 specific categories of AECs in the total
coastal area, there are currently only nine types of AECs located in Dare County. These
existing AECs are summarized in the following table and discussed individually in the
sections that follow.
Table 22 -- Areas of Environmental Concern in Dare County
AEC Classification
Dare County Resource/Definition
Estuarine System
a. Coastal Wetlands
Marshes as defined in 15NCAC7H .0205
b. Estuarine Waters
Albemarle, Croatan, Currituck, Pamlico, and Roanoke
Sounds; Alligator River; others as defined in 15NCAC7H
.0206 (a).
c. Public Trust Waters
Most surface waters, estuarine or other.
d. Estuarine Shorelines
75 foot wide strip, landward of estuarine waters from
normal high water.
Ocean Hazard Areas
a. Inlet Hazard Areas
Lands adjoining Oregon and Hatteras Inlets for variable
distances as determined by the CRC.
b. Ocean Erodible Areas
Overlaying frontal dune, distance landward from first line
of stable natural vegetation along entire oceanfront.
c. High Hazard Flood Areas
Areas subject to high velocity waters during a storm
having a 1% chance of being equaled or exceeded in any
given year. Identified as zones V1-30 on flood insurance
maps.
IDare County Land Use Plan Section Two
Page 51

AEC Classification Dare Coun1y Resource/Definition
Public Water Supplies
a. Small Surface Water Supply Fresh Pond '
Watersheds
b. Public Water Supply Wellfields Cape Hatteras wellfield, Buxton Woods
2.1.2 (a) Coastal Wetlands I
Coastal wetlands are defined as any salt marsh or other marsh subject to regular or
occasional flooding by tides, including wind tides (whether or not the tide waters reach the ,
marshland areas through natural or artificial sources), providing this shall not include
hurricane or tropical storm tides.
In Dare County, the sound shore is generally covered by coastal marsh grass, as evidenced
by maps prepared by the National Wetlands Inventory, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
(draft maps 1983). The position of these wetlands, often between buildable high ground ,
and deeper navigable waters, has placed considerable pressure on these environmentally
significant areas. However, stricter enforcement of State and Federal dredge/fill laws in
recent years has done much to curtail the destruction of these valuable wetlands. Based '
on the requirements of CAMA, all coastal wetlands must be included in the Conservation
category of the Land Classification Map.
i
As a part of the update process, the Dare County Planning Board examined public opinion
about the protection of coastal wetlands. The policy included below was selected.
r
XX
DARE COUNTY ADVOCATES THE USE OF EXISTING STATE AND FEDERAL '
REGULATORY PROGRAMS AS ADEQUATE MEASURES FOR PROTECTING
AND PRESERVING COASTAL WETLAND AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL I
CONCERN.
Implementation Strategies '
1. Implementation and enforcement of CAMA use standards for coastal wetland AECs as
identified under 15NCAC7H, Sections .0205 and .0208. '
2. The County will continue to administer the CAMA local permit enforcement program
and maintain the staff local permit officer.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 52 '

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2.1.2 (b) Estuarine Waters
Estuarine waters are defined as "all waters of the Atlantic Ocean within the boundary of
North Carolina, and all the water of the bays, sounds, rivers, and tributaries thereto,
seaward of the dividing line between coastal fishing waters and inland fishing waters, as
set forth in an agreement adopted by the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission and the
Department of Natural Resources and Community Development found in 15NCAC3F
.0200 in the most current revision of the N.C. Fishing Regulations for Coastal Waters."
Another way of defining estuarine waters is to say that estuarine waters are semi -enclosed
coastal water bodies having free connection to the open sea and within which seawater is
measurably diluted with fresh water drained from the adjacent land.
In Dare County, estuarine waters include the Albemarle, Croatan, Currituck, Roanoke and
Pamlico Sounds. Public input received from a questionnaire used during the update
process and comments received at community forums indicated strong support for the
protection and preservation of the estuarine waters.
P.DLIY Z 1 2 (b
ESTUARINE SHORELINE DEVELOPMENT SHOULD CONTINUE TO BE
MANAGED TO PROTECT AND PRESERVE THE NATURAL RESOURCES OF
THE ESTUARINE WATERS. IN ADDITION, DEVELOPMENT LOCATED IN
ESTUARINE WATERS SHALL BE WATER -DEPENDENT, RELATED TO
DEVELOPMENT ON THE ESTUARINE SHORELINE, OR AN ACCESSORY USE
TO A STRUCTURE LOCATED ON THE ESTUARINE SHORELINE.
Implementation Strategies
1. Implementation and enforcement of CAMA use standards for estuarine waters as
contained in 15NCAC7H, Sections .0206 and .0208.
2. The County will continue its initiative to establish zoning maps for all unzoned
portions of unincorporated Dare County in an effort to reduce the potential for
incompatible development adjacent to estuarine waters.
2.1.2 (c) Public Trust Areas
Public trust areas are all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands thereunder from the
mean high water mark to the seaward limit of State jurisdiction; all natural bodies of water
subject to measurable lunar tides and land thereunder to the mean high water mark; all
navigable natural bodies of water and lands thereunder to the mean high water level or
mean water level, as the case may be, except privately owned lakes, to which the public
has no right of access; all water in artificially created bodies of water containing significant
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 53

public fishing resources or other public resources which are accessible to the public by '
navigation from bodies or water in which the public has rights of navigation; and all waters
in artificially created bodies of water in which the public has acquired rights by a '
prescription, custom, dedication, or any other means. In Dare County, public trust waters
include the Atlantic Ocean; Albemarle, Croatan, Currituck, Pamlico and Roanoke Sounds;
and over 40 more bays, lakes, creeks, ponds, canals, and inlets. '
As Dare County has grown in year-round population and continues to be a seasonal
tourist destination, the use of its public trust waters has also increased. This increase in
demand for access to the waters has generated a level of competition among the various
parties who seek to use the water. Public input gathered as a result of the Land Use Plan
update process indicates the need for a management program to regulate competing
recreational uses in public trust waters. Further discussion among the Planning Board at
the policy development workshops concluded that such a management program should be
the responsibility of State and Federal agencies. '
USERS OF PUBLIC TRUST WATERS. HOWEVER, DARE COUNTY RESERVES '
THE RIGHT TO REVIEW, COMMENT, ADVOCATE OR OPPOSE ANY
PROPOSED REGULATIONS OR PROGRAMS THAT MAY AFFECT THE PUBLIC
TRUST WATERS. I
Implementation Strategies
I. The County will encourage State and Federal agencies that traditional) address only
g Y Y
resource management to expand their scope of operations to include conflict
resolution among the various users of public trust waters. 1
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Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 54

2. Dare County supports the CAMA use standards for public trust areas as contained in
15NCAC7H, Sections .0207 and .0208.
3. The Dare County Waterways Commission has been established in an effort to provide
for maintenance of existing waterways and harbors and to provide for additional
access to public trust waters.
2.1.2 (d) Estuarine Shorelines
Estuarine shorelines, although characterized as dry land, are considered a component of
the estuarine system because of the close association with the adjacent estuarine waters.
Estuarine shorelines are those non -ocean shorelines which are intimately connected to the
estuary. This area extends from the mean high water level or normal water level along the
estuaries, sounds, bays, and brackish waters as set forth in an agreement adopted by the
N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission and the Department of Natural Resources and
Community Development for a distance of 75 feet landward.
Estuarine shorelines in Dare County are generally non -ocean shorelines along estuaries,
sounds, bays, and brackish waters extending landward from mean high water or normal
water level for a distance of 75 feet landward. It is useful to emphasize that where the
range of saltwater influence on freshwater streams ends is also the approximate location
where the estuarine AEC ends.
One issue that is related to estuarine shoreline development that was discussed as a part of
the update process is the installation of estuarine bulkheads. After considerable
discussion, it was agreed that properly permitted estuarine bulkheads are a well -
established and accepted feature of the estuarine shoreline.
1. Implementation and enforcement of the CAMA use standards for estuarine shoreline
AECs as stated in 15NCAC7H, Section .0209.
I
Dare County Land Use Plan Section TNvo
Page 55

1. Dare County will continue to implement the bulkhead permit standards of the Coastal I
Area Management Act.
2.1.2 (e) Ocean Hazard Areas
The ocean hazard system of AECs contains three specific types of areas:
,
1. Ocean Erodible Area: This is the area in which there exists a substantial possibility of
excessive erosion and significant shoreline fluctuation. The seaward boundary of this
,
area is the mean low water line. The landward extent of this area can generally be
described as 60 times the average annual erosion rate for the particular location, plus
the distance that the shoreline is likely to erode as a result of a 100 year storm. For
the specific language concerning these distances, the reader should consult the CAMA
AEC Standards, Section .0304.
'
2. High Hazard Flood Area: This is the area subject to high velocity waters (including,
but not limited to , hurricane wave wash), and a storm having a 1 % chance of being
equaled or exceeded in any given year, as identified as zones V1-30 on the flood
insurance rate maps of the Federal Insurance Administration, U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban Development. In Dare County, virtually all of the ocean shoreline
along the Outer Banks is included in a high hazard flood area AEC. Fortunately, an
r
extensive system of natural and manmade dunes has been preserved and/or created in
the majority of these high hazard flood area zones. As a result, most of the so-called
V zones in the unincorporated areas of the County are confined to an area oceanward
of the dune system.
3. Inlet Hazard Area: The inlet hazard areas are natural hazard areas that are especially
vulnerable to erosion, flooding, and other adverse effects of sand, wind, and water
because of their proximity to dynamic ocean inlets. The inlet hazard area AEC
extends landward from the mean low water line a distance sufficient to encompass that
area in which the inlet will, based on statistical analysis, migrate, and shall consider
'
r
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 56
r

such factors as previous inlet territory, structurally weak areas near the inlet (such as
an unusually narrow barrier island, an unusually long channel feeding the inlet, or an
' overwash area), and external influences such as jetties and channelizations. These
areas are identified on inlet hazard area maps approved by the Coastal Resources
Commission.
' The immediate oceanfront area on any barrier island quickly identifies itself for special
management guidelines. Management alternatives include setback standards to offset risks
to structures due to shoreline migration, minimum elevations for first floor construction to
allow for ocean overwash, and regulations to prevent unnecessary loss of oceanfront
dunes.
FOLICX 2 1 O:.:... ....::...
OCEANFRONT SHORELINE DEVELOPMENT SHOULD CONTINUE TO BE
MANAGED TO PROTECT AND PRESERVE THE NATURAL RESOURCES
' ALONG THE OCEANFRONT.
Implementation Strategy
' 1. Implementation and enforcement of the CAMA use standards for ocean hazard areas
as contained in 15NCAC7H, Sections .0306 through .0310.
2. Implementation and enforcement of the National Flood Insurance Program's base
flood elevation standards, including the standards for those areas where wind driven
waves create potential for damage by velocity also known as V-zones.
2.1. 2 69 Public Water Supply AECs
This category of AECs includes important small surface water supply watersheds and
public water supply wellfields. Small surface water supply watersheds are defined as
catchment areas situated entirely within the coastal area which contain a water body
classified as A -II by the N.C. Environmental Management Commission. This classification
recognizes that the maximum beneficial use of these bodies of water is to serve as public
water supply areas.
Public water supply wellfields are defined as areas of well -drained sands that extend
downward from the surface into the shallow groundwater table, which supplies the public
with drinking water. These surficial wellfields are confined to a readily definable
geographic area as identified by the State, with assistance and support from affected local
governments.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 57

In Dare County, there are two public water supply AECs. The first is the Fresh Pond
located between the municipalities of Kill Devil Hills and Nags Head and the second is the
Cape Hatteras wellfield located south of NC 12 on Hatteras Island between Buxton and '
Frisco. For further information regarding the Fresh Pond AEC, one should consult the
Land Use Plans of both the Town of Nags Head and the Town of Kill Devil Hills since the
Fresh Pond is located within the municipal boundaries of these two towns. '
The Cape Hatteras wellfield AEC as described in 15NCAC7H, Section .0406, "the
wellfield AEC is bounded to the north, south, east and west by a line located 1000 feet ,
from the centerline of the wellfield." The long-term productivity of the wellfield AEC
continues to be a priority issue on Hatteras Island. In an effort to establish a database that
can be used to quantify the impact of water withdrawals from the aquifer on the ,
surrounding area, the National Park Service and the N.C. Department of Environment,
Health, and Natural Resources are working with North Carolina State University on a
detailed study of groundwater hydrology in Buxton Woods. As the results of this study ,
become available, the management of the natural resource will be re-evaluated.
.
PQLIG 2, i 2
DEVELOPMENT IN ANY PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY AEC SHOULD BE
MANAGED TO PROTECT THE LONG-TERM VIABILITY OF THE
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES.
Implementation Strategies
1. Dare County supports the CAMA use standards for public water supply wellfield ,
AECs as contained in 15NCAC7H, Section .0406.
2. Dare County will continue to implement and enforce the provisions of the SED-1
zoning ordinance for the Buxton Woods maritime forest. '
2.1.2 (g) Natural and Cultural Resource AECs I
As defined in the CAMA guidelines, these areas contain "environmental, natural, or
cultural resources of more than local significance in which uncontrolled or incompatible
development could result in major or irreversible damage to natural systems or cultural
resources, scientific, educational, or associated values for aesthetic qualities."
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 58

' Within the system of natural and cultural resource AECs, there are 5 distinct
subcategories:
1. Coastal areas that sustain remnant species -- These are areas that support native
plants or animals determined to be rare or endangered (synonymous with
' threatened and endangered), within the coastal area.
2. Coastal complex natural areas -- These are lands that support native plant and
animal communities and provide habitat qualities which have remained essentially
unchanged by human activity.
3. Unique coastal geological formations -- These are sites that contain geologic
formations that are unique or otherwise significant components of coastal systems,
' or that are especially notable examples of geologic formations or processes in the
coastal area.
' 4. Significant coastal archaeological resources -- These are areas that contain
archaeological remains (objects, features, and/or sites) that have more than local
significance to history or prehistory.
' 5. Significant coastal historic architectural resources -- Such resources are defined as
districts, structures, buildings, sites, or objects that have more than local
significance to history or architecture.
' Currently, there are no natural or cultural AECs located in the unincorporated areas of
Dare County.
PQLIC'Y 2 l 2 ;:. ; :.::::....
::.: .
(g.:.
DARE COUNTY ADVOCATES THE MANAGEMENT OF FRAGILE COASTAL,
NATURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCE AREAS AS DEFINED IN 15NCAC7H,
SECTION .0500. WHEN SUCH AREAS ARE OF LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE, DARE
' COUNTY SUPPORTS THE USE OF LOCAL ZONING ORDINANCES AS THE
APPROPRIATE MANAGEMENT TOOL.
2.1.2 (h) Freshwater Swamps and Marshes
Over the past decade, debate has raged about the use and preservation of hundreds of
thousands of acres of land that are considered freshwater marshes". These soils are
' subject to the regulatory provisions of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and are often
referred to as "404 wetlands". There continues to be disagreement as to what constitutes
a freshwater wetland, but they can generally be described as soils that are hydric; that
' sustain plant life which depends on periodic flooding, or are areas that are frequented by
migratory birds. Some examples of freshwater wetlands in Dare County include:
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 59

• Bogs and pocosins north of U.S. 64 and east of U.S. 264
• Wooded swamps fringing South Lake, the Alligator River, Mill Tail Creek, and
Whipping Creek Lake
• Freshwater marsh (Durant Island)
As part of the update process, the issue of protection of freshwater wetlands was
examined. The results indicate support for continued regulatory programs to prevent
large scale destruction of freshwater wetlands. Discussion by the Planning Board
indicated that the existing Federal regulatory program administered by the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers was the preferable means of ensuring wetland protection. Concern
was also noted about rigid interpretation and delineations of small and/or isolated pockets
of wetlands being used to preclude otherwise acceptable development projects. It is
important to note that Dare County's position is to promote the preservation of existing
expanses of freshwater wetlands but to accept occasional losses of isolated pockets of
freshwater wetlands when the level of alteration is minimal. This includes support for all
aspects of the Corps of Engineers' Nationwide permit program.
Another aspect of freshwater wetland management is the concept of mitigation, or
creation of new "manmade" freshwater wetlands in exchange for the alteration of existing
natural freshwater wetland areas. This issue was also examined as a part of the update
process. Although this complicated issue was difficult to measure, a greater level of
support for public purpose mitigation activities was identified. Mitigation to compensate
for alteration of freshwater wetlands for private development was less acceptable.
J?�fII,I ..........
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE COASTAL RESOURCES COMMISSION'S
POLICY TO MITIGATE LOSSES OF COASTAL RESOURCES FOR THOSE
PROJECTS SHOWN TO BE IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST AS DEFINED BY THE
STANDARDS IN 15NCAC7M.0700 ET. SEQ. AND ONLY AFTER ALL OTHER
MEANS OF AVOIDING OR MINIMIZING SUCH LOSSES HAVE BEEN
EXHAUSTED.
Implementation Strati
In instances when improvements to publicly -owned or managed facilities conflict with
freshwater wetland protection programs, an alternatives analysis should be conducted
in an effort to avoid wetland loss or alteration. For projects which involve County -
owned facilities or land, Dare County will conduct an alternatives analysis for these
projects. However, should the analysis determine that there is no practicable
alternative, a mitigation permit proposal shall be implemented. Mitigation activities
and improvements designed as compensation for wetland loss occurring in Dare
County shall be located, whenever possible, in Dare County and in proximity to the
loss.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 60
1

P
J
Ii
7,
LIB
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
NATIONWIDE PERMIT PROGRAM.
Implementation Strategies
1. As may be necessary to facilitate implementation of permit programs for wetland
management.
2. Classify small pockets of isolated freshwater wetlands less than one contiguous acre in
size as Limited Conservation.
2.1.2 (i) Maritime Forests
According to information provided by the N.C. Division of Coastal Management,
"maritime forests are those woodlands which have developed under the influence of salt
spray. These woodlands are in the final stage of plant succession on stable barrier islands,
i.e. those areas that are no longer under the direct influence of sea -water flooding or
migrating dunes. Those trees and shrubs closest to the ocean, which have the most salt
spray influence, are sculpted by the spray and are very low nearer the ocean with
increasing height away from the ocean."
On Hatteras Island, the Buxton Woods forest has been identified as an example of one of
the most unique maritime forests in North Carolina. Recognizing the value of this unique
area, the Dare County Board of Commissioners has adopted a Special Environmental
District (SED-1) designed to protect the important characteristics of the forest while
accomodating a minimal level of compatible development.
PQWY 2.1, .(t
DARE COUNTY ADVOCATES A COMBINATION OF LIMITED DEVELOPMENT
GUIDED BY THE LOCAL SED-1 ZONING ORDINANCE AND A PROGRAM OF
PUBLIC ACQUISITION TO MANAGE THE BUXTON WOODS MARITIME
FOREST.
Implementation Strategies
1. Continue implementation and enforcement of the SED-1 zoning ordinance.
2. Support the North Carolina Buxton Woods Coastal Preserve program.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two
Page 61

2.1.3 Other Limitations on Development
,
2.1.3 (a) Cultural, Historical, and Archaeologically Significant Lands and Structures
'
Certain tracts of land and certain structures in Dare County have been identified as
important cultural, historical, or archaeological resources. A number of these sites and
,
structures are currently listed in the National Register of Historic Places and others have
not been fully investigated to determine the value of remnant archaeological resources.
P LI
THE DARE COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS SUPPORTS THE
,
PROTECTION OF STRUCTURES, LANDS, AND ARTIFACTS THAT HAVE BEEN
IDENTIFIED BY THE NC DEPARTMENT OF CULTURAL RESOURCES,
DIVISION OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY, AS ARCHAEOLOGICALLY OR
,
HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT. ON A CASE BY CASE BASIS, INDIVIDUAL
PROTECTION/MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED TO
ENSURE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND/OR HISTORICAL RESOURCES ARE NOT
'
DESTROYED.
Implementation StratM
'
1. Support public acquisition of significant historical, cultural, or archaeological lands or
structures at fair market value. The Board may offer resolutions of support, negotiate
land exchanges, or. provide tax incentives for acquisition initiatives.
2.1.3 (b) Manmade Hazards
Dare County's
primary manmade hazards are its three airports plus the bombing range on
the Mainland. The issues of low-level military training flights and the expansion of
commercial aviation at the Dare County Regional Airport on Roanoke Island were
examined as a part of the update process. Respondents to the survey questionnaire were
indifferent about military training flights. However, the proposed expansion of the runway
improvements at the Dare County Regional Airport generated considerable public input.
,
As a result of this high-level of concern, particularly at the Land Use Plan forum in
Manteo, the Planning Board focused on the runway expansion issue.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF DARE COUNTY'S AIRPORTS AND THE r
SURROUNDING AREAS SHALL BE CAREFULLY REVIEWED TO MINIMIZE
POTENTIAL LAND USE CONFLICTS AND HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS. DARE '
COUNTY DOES NOT SUPPORT THE EXPANSION OF THE DARE COUNTY
REGIONAL AIRPORT AT ITS CURRENT LOCATION.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two
Page 62

2.1.4 Protection of Drinking Water Supply
' Protection of the drinking water supply for Dare County ranks as a very high priority
concern for both residents and non-resident property owners in Dare County.
Respondents to the public opinion survey conducted in conjunction with the LUP update
I
indicated overwhelming support for linking the availability of drinking water to an
acceptable level of growth and development.
Drinking water for residents of unincorporated Dare County is supplied by two means --
central water supply from either the Dare County Regional Water System or the Cape
Hatteras Water Association or from private wells. As the development of the
' unincorporated areas of Dare County that are not served by a central water supply has
continued, increasing concern has been noted about groundwater resources. In an effort
' to address this concern, Dare County has charged its Water Department with the task of
drafting an ordinance to establish construction standards and a permit program for private
wells. In addition, preliminary engineering studies have been completed as part of an
' initiative to develop a central water supply system for the villages of Rodanthe, Waves and
Salvo on Hatteras Island.
POt1c. 2 4 ::.:.........
DARE COUNTY RECOGNIZES GROUNDWATER RESOURCES AS AN
' ESSENTIAL ELEMENT FOR DRINKING WATER SUPPLY. THE MANAGEMENT
OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES AND THEIR PROTECTION IS A PRIORITY
ISSUE IN DARE COUNTY.
Implementation Strategies
1. The approval of development proposals, such as new subdivisions and other large
water consuming projects, will be linked to the availability of drinking water.
2. A program for permitting and monitoring private wells used as a drinking water supply
' in unincorporated Dare County will be developed and implemented by 1995.
' 2.1.5 Protection of Surface Waters
' As stated earlier in the Plan, Dare County is surrounded by important bodies of water.
Water quality, both surface water and groundwater, plays a key role in the natural and
economic development of Dare County. Surface water quality is important to fisheries
' resources, boating, all recreational water sports, and as an indicator of the overall health of
the area's ecosystem.
1 Dare CountyLand Use Plan Section Sect o Two Page 63
F1

Surface water quality was identified as a high priority issue by the public opinion survey
conducted as part of the update process. The relationship of the various water bodies in
the Albemarle -Pamlico basin has led the State of North Carolina and the Environmental
Protection Agency to conduct a lengthy examination of the basin known as the Albemarle
Pamlico Estuarine Study (APES). The. APES study has recently been completed and a
draft management plan for the study area, the entire Albemarle -Pamlico region, is being
circulated for comment in the fall of 1993. A number of programs and policies designed
to enhance the quality of surface water in the region should emerge from the APES study
between 1994 and the year 2000.
2.1. S (a) Outstanding Resource and Shel y1sh Waters
The North Carolina Environmental Management Commission has classified portions of the
Alligator River area in Dare County to be Outstanding Resource Waters (ORWs). This
area encompasses approximately 575 feet of shoreline along the Alligator River on the
Mainland of Dare County. Outstanding Resource Waters are those waters that have
exceptional state or national recreational or ecological significance and which have
exceptional water quality. Water quality was identified as a high priority in the Land Use
Plan survey questionnaire and at the forums conducted as part of the public participation
plan. The accompanying map illustrates the ORWs located in Dare County.
Clean, unpolluted water quality is particularly important to the harvesting of shellfish.
Certain species of shellfish, such as oysters, are known as "filter feeders" that will
concentrate pollutants if water quality is substandard. As a result, the shellfish resources
will decline and one of North Carohna's most traditional fisheries will be impacted or lost.
: :::.: :.:::....::::::: :
...........
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS EFFORTS BY LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL
AGENCIES TO PRESERVE WATER QUALITY UNDER EXISTING NATURAL
CONDITIONS AND TO IMPROVE WATER QUALITY WHERE A DECLINE HAS
BEEN IDENTIFIED. THESE EFFORTS INCLUDE THE DESIGNATION OF
OUTSTANDING RESOURCES WATERS AND SHELLFISH WATER
CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA ESTABLISHED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT.
Implementation Strategies
1. In an effort to address water quality issues and receive recommendations by affected
parties, the Dare County Board of Commissioners has appointed a Clean Water
Advisory Committee.
2. Monitor the meetings and work of the North Carolina Environmental Management
Commission.
3. Support the objectives of the Comprehensive Conservation Management Plan of the
Albemarle Pamlico Estuarine Study.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 64
1
I

Whipping `> ORW as adopted
Creek Lake
Pasquotank River Basin
Tyrrell, Dare and Hyde Counties
HYOE Q \ DQF CO
b
w
00
m
ON
E

2.1.5 (b) Stormwater Management I
The entry of rainwater into surface waters by way of runoff from developed lands or
'
drainage ditches is one source of surface water pollution. Pollutants are picked up by
stormwater moving across impervious surfaces, such as concrete or asphalt, and then are
delivered to the surrounding water bodies. This stormwater runoff is of particular concern
'
to the near shore waters where many vital habitats are located and where recreational
activities occur most often.
,
Respondents to the public opinion survey and those attending community forums indicated
P P Y g Y
strong support for the development of a stormwater management plan for unincorporated
Dare County. The goal of the plan would be two -fold. First, areas that experience
,
periodic ponding due to heavy rains would be identified and a drainage plan would be
developed to address the ponding problems. Second, a system of mitigation and flow
management would be developed to help regulate the rate by which stormwater runoff is
,
delivered to adjacent water bodies. Such a plan could also include local standards for
development projects that are not subject to existing State standards for stormwater
runoff.
'
:.:;.; ::...; ::.:::.:.:::.:
...:..........: ,::;::.......:...;.:::.:;..:...:...:.;:.:..:..:: .
PCtLfCY 21. (b:...:...;;;::;.:.:;::..........;.......::::>: >;:::::::::.......::.:..:::;:;:.;.:..:>..::: . ..:.. ;.::::; ...
STORMWATER RUNOFF SHOULD BE MANAGED TO THE GREATEST
POSSIBLE DEGREE TO PROTECT THE QUALITY OF WATER IN ALL WATER
BODIES SURROUNDING DARE COUNTY.
'
Implementation Strategies '
1. The development and implementation of a comprehensive stormwater management
plan for unincorporated Dare County by 1996. '
2. Continue to incorporate comments and recommendation from the Dare County Soil
and Water Conservation Board and staff into the development review process of the
Planning Board. '
2.1.5 (c) Marinas I
Access to Dare County's waters by boats has become an increasingly important issue as
the population of Dare County has increased and created additional demand for water '
access. In addition, the increased level of boating and the development of personal water
craft has generated concern about the impact all of these vessels have on water quality. '
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 65

Recreational boating and sport fishing is a major element in the tourist economy of Dare
County. The need to accomodate the growth of the boating industry and yet maintain a
high level of water quality requires a carefully balanced approach.
In an effort to develop this balanced approach, the Planning Board's attention focused on
existing water quality and how it might be impacted by� marina development. The
classification of waters as available for shellfishing or closed for shellfishing played a
dominant role in the formula of the policies adopted concerning marina development.
Additionally, it was recognized that upland marinas represented a preferable site design
than those that encroached upon public trust waters when located along the natural
shoreline. One alternative to "in the water" storage of boats is the dry stack or warehouse
type storage that removes the vessels from the water when they are not being used.
POLICY:2;1 5 c
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARINAS TO PROVIDE
FOR BOATING ACCESS TO THE AREA'S WATER BODIES. MARINA
DEVELOPMENT IS ENCOURAGED IN UPLAND BASINS AND IN WATERS NOT
OPEN FOR SHELLFISH HARVESTING AND SHOULD COMPLY WITH ALL
STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS CONCERNING LOCATION AND
DESIGN. THE COUNTY ENCOURAGES THE DRY STACK OPTION OF BOAT
STORAGE.
Implementation Strategy
1. Dare County will rely on the local LUP consistency review process used by State and
Federal agencies to implement this policy since almost all proposed marinas will
require a CAMA. major permit.
2.1. 5 (d) Floating Structures and Homes
A relatively new issue that is occurring in a number of coastal communities pertains to
what have been referred to as "floating homes" or "floating structures". This issue
involves placing a structure, such as a mobile home, on a barge and mooring this
combination as a permanent or semi -permanent residence or business. These units may or
may not be self-contained for wastewater treatment and in most instances rely on a shore -
based method of wastewater disposal. The presence of floating structures and homes also
generates concern about sewage disposal, the displacement of traditional use of the near -
shore waters, and aesthetics.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 66

' R creational boating and sport fishing is a major element in the tourist economy of Dare
C unty. The need to accomodate the growth of the boating industry and yet maintain a
hig level of water quality requires a carefully balanced app ach.
In an a ort to develop this balanced approach, the Planni g Board's attention focused on
' existing ater quality and how it might be impacted by marina development. The
classificatio of waters as available for shellfishing or closed for shellfishing played a
dominant rol in the formula of the policies adopted concerning marina development.
Additionally, it as recognized that upland marinas r presented a preferable site design
than those that a croached upon public trust wate s when located along the natural
shoreline. One alte ative to "in the water" storage o boats is the dry stack or warehouse
type storage that remo es the vessels from the water hen they are not being used.
DARE COUNTY SUPPOR THE DEVE
FOR BOATING ACCESS O THE I
DEVELOPMENT IS ENCO GED IN U
OPEN FOR SHELLFISH HAR STING
' STATE AND FEDERAL
DESIGN. THE COUNTY
STORAGE.
' Implementation Strategy
F
1. Dare County will rely on the local LUP con
Federal agencies to implement this policy
require a CAMA major permit.
2.1. S (d) Floating Structures and Homes
A relatively new issue that is occurring in a
what have been referred to as "floating he
involves placing a structure, such as a m
combination as a permanent or semi-perman
may not be self-contained for wastewater tr
based method of wastewater disposal. The i
generates concern about sewage disposal, e
shore waters, and aesthetics.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two
NT OF MARINAS TO PROVIDE
S WATER BODIES. MARINA
BASINS AND IN WATERS NO-T
SHOULD COMPLY WITH ALL
CONCERNING LOCATION AND
3 DRY STACK OPTION OF BOAT
review process used by State and
almost all proposed marinas will
lumber of c stal communities pertains to
nes" or "float g structures". This issue
)ile home, on barge and mooring this
t residence or bus ess. These units may or
ment and in most ' tances rely on a shore-
;sence of floating st ctures and homes also
displacement of tradi 'onal use of the near -
Page 66

D COUNTY IS OPPOSED TO THE MOORING OF FLOATING HOMES AND
FLOA ING STRUCTURES ANYWHERE IN DARE COUNTY OR ITS
SURROVNDING WATERS.
Implementation Strategies
1. Dare Coun will consider a zoning map for surface waters should t become necessary
to further addr ss the issue of floating homes and structures.
2. Dare County wi ely on the local LUP consistency review pr ess used by State and
Federal agencies toy rnplement this policy.
2.1.6 Development of
e System Islands
There are a number of natural d manmade islands i the estuarine waters that are
accessible only by boat and whic are basically undev loped. These islands may be
attractive to certain parties who seek isolated setting.
DEVELOPMENT OF SOUND AND ESNAR14 SYSTEM ISLANDS SHALL BE
CAREFULLY MANAGED. LOW INTE ITV USES SUCH AS OPEN SPACE,
RECREATION, AND LOW DENSITY RES AL DEVELOPMENT SHALL BE
THE PREFERRED USES OF THESE ISLAND .
Implementation Strategy
1. Dare County will use zoning, subdivision/review, anbuilding permit procedures to
manage the development of sound and es arine system slands.
2.1.7 Protection of Existing Trees and
Land clearing to accomodate deve
about the loss of the area's natural t
clearing pertains to the relationship
Vegetation serves as a natural filter
certain contaminants that are detri.
natural resource preservation have p
nt has created concern oughout the County
Another concern associ ed with careless land
seen groundwater quality an • natural vegetation.
helps cleanse rainwater and rmwater runoff of
al to groundwater quality. y advocates of
fired for a regulatory program to revent clear -
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two I Page 67

P
DARE COUNTY IS OPPOSED TO THE MOORING OF FLOATING HOMES AND
FLOATING STRUCTURES ANYWHERE IN DARE COUNTY OR ITS
SURROUNDING WATERS.
Implementation Strategies
1. Dare County will consider a zoning map for surface waters should it become necessary
to further address the issue of floating homes and structures.
2. Dare County will rely on the local LUP consistency review process used by State and
Federal agencies to implement this policy.
2.1.6 Development of Sound/Estuarine System Islands
Implementation Strategy
1. Dare County will use zoning, subdivision review, and building permit procedures to
manage the development of sound and estuarine system islands.
2.1.7 Protection of Existing Trees and Vegetation
Land clearing to accomodate development has created concern throughout the County
about the loss of the area's natural beauty. Another concern associated with careless land
clearing pertains to the relationship between groundwater quality and natural vegetation.
Vegetation serves as a natural filter that helps cleanse rainwater and stormwater runoff of
certain contaminants that are detrimental to groundwater quality. Many advocates of
natural resource preservation have pressured for a regulatory program to prevent clear -
Dare County Land Use Plan Section TWO Page 67

Implementation Strategy
1. Develop a brochure that can be distributed by building inspectors and displayed at
County offices to inform property owners about best management practices on tree
removal and land clearing. Target date: Fiscal year 1994 -95.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page68

l
2.2 Production and Management
2.2.1 Productive Agricultural Lands
There has not been a great deal of agricultural activity in Dare County in the recent past.
The Mainland portions have had some limited farming with corn, soybeans, wheat, and
milo being the main crops. Livestock has been limited as well with only a few pig farms in
operations from time to time.
In the 1970's, foreign investors were attracted to the large and relatively inexpensive tracts
of Mainland Dare County for an experimental synthetic fuel proposal that would have
mined peat soils and reclaimed the area for agricultural. This project never succeeded and
much of the land was eventually bought by or donated to the Department of Interior to
form the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge.
P
ALIt;Y.:
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE USE OF CERTAIN PORTIONS OF THE
MAINLAND AREA OF THE COUNTY FOR AGRICULTURE. THE COUNTY ALSO
ADVOCATES VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION IN THE STATE OF NORTH
CAROLINNS BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE PROGRAM FOR FARM
MANAGEMENT.
2.2.2 Commercial Forestry
Commercial forestry has played only a minimal role in the economy of Dare County. On
occasion, some family -owned tracts are harvested for timber rights but there is no large
scale commercial forestry activities in Dare County.
PELIC"Y` 2 2 2
COMMERCIAL FORESTRY ACTIVITIES SHALL BE SUPPORTED BY DARE
COUNTY, SO LONG AS SUCH ACTIVITIES ARE DONE IN ACCORDANCE WITH
THE STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE U.S. FOREST SERVICE.
THE COUNTY ALSO ADVOCATES THE VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION IN THE
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA'S BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE PROGRAM
FOR FORESTRY MANAGEMENT.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section TNvo Page 69
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2.2.3 Mineral Production
' DARE COUNTY ADVOCATES LOCAL LEVEL MANAGEMENT OF THOSE
MINING ACTIVITIES THAT ARE NOT SUBJECT TO PERMIT AUTHORIZATION
' BY THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA.
Implementation Strategies
' 1. Draft and submit for Board of Commissioners' approval, an ordinance to manage
mining activities proposed in unincorporated Dare County which are not subject to
review and approval by the N.C. Division of Land Resources. Target date: FY 95-96.
2. Continue to review mining permit applications submitted to the N.C. Division of Land
Resources and to submit comments concerning such applications.
1 2.2.4 Fisheries Resources
Fisheries resources play an important role in the economy of Dare County. Commercial
fishing both shore -based and from vessels has been a source of livelihood for generations
in Dare County. In the more recent past, recreational fishing has become an important
aspect of the tourist industry.
The important role of fishing as an industry and a tourist attraction has highlighted the
' need for water quality management programs in both estuarine and ocean waters. A
regional study of the Albemarle Pamlico estuary has identified a number of
recommendations that can be used to ensure the long-term viability of both fisheries
resources and water quality. In addition, a number of State and Federal agencies are
responsible for management programs related to fisheries.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 70

There are three areas in Dare County that are designated by the State of North Carolina as
Primary Nursery Areas (PNAs). Primary nursery areas are those area in the estuarine
system where initial post -larval development takes place. These areas are usually located
in the uppermost sections of a system where populations are uniformly very early
juveniles. In Dare County, these areas are Doughs Creek, Scarborough Creek, and Broad
Creek which are located on the east side of Roanoke Island. Since commercial and
recreational fishing plays such an important role in the Dare County economy, the
longevity and vitality of the primary nursery areas is important to Dare County. The map
below, provided by the N.C. Division of Marine Fisheries, illustrates the primary nursery
areas discussed in this paragraph.
•
WUC4iS CREEK
CROATAN
SOUND
CREEK
ROANOKE
SOUND
BROAD CREEK
Designated Primary Nursery Areas (PNAs)
Roanoke Island, Dare County
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 71

As Dare County has grown from a relatively sparsely populated rural retreat to a popular
' coastal resort, competition for fisheries resources has developed. This includes
competition for specific locations, surf casters versus netters, and competition for specific
species. The issue has grown to the point where it has become a local priority. Results
' from the public opinion survey indicate support for a regulatory program to manage
competition for fisheries resources. The consensus of the Dare County Planning Board
was that this issue should not be handled by the local government and that existing
' programs need additional emphasis on competition management versus the traditional goal
of resource management.
' One of the newest forms of fishery resource production is fish farming or aquaculture.
Although this practice is not widespread throughout the United States, many foreign
countries have active aquaculture industries. Advocates of aquaculture development
requested the inclusion of a policy concerning aquaculture in the Land Use Plan update.
1. In an effort to address water quality issues and receive recommendations by affected
parties, the Dare County Board of Commissioners has appointed a Clean Water
Advisory Committee.
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS MEASURES TO PROTECT AND PRESERVE
DESIGNATED PRIMARY NURSERY AREAS.
IDare CountyLand Use Plan Section Tw o Page 72

;:.:.......::::...........;.:.
POL,I . P.2 2 4-c
STATE AND FEDERAL AGENCIES WITH THE AUTHORITY TO MANAGE
FISHERIES RESOURCES SHOULD BE THE RESPONSIBLE PARTIES FOR THE
RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTS INVOLVING FISHERIES RESOURCES IN DARE
COUNTY. HOWEVER, DARE COUNTY RESERVES THE RIGHT TO REVIEW,
COMMENT, ADVOCATE OR OPPOSE ANY PROPOSED REGULATIONS OR
PROGRAMS THAT MAY AFFECT THE FISHERIES RESOURCES OR
MANAGEMENT.
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AQUACULTURE
INDUSTRY AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF FISHERY PRODUCTION.
2.2.5 Shoreline Resources
2.2. S (a) Off -Road Vehicles
Prior to the development of paved roads on the barrier islands of Dare County, the
intertidal beaches have always served as transportation routes. In the old days, trips were
scheduled based on tide changes. Today, the use of the ocean beaches by off -road
vehicles is a common practice by fishermen and sightseers. Although, it has been
acknowledged that unregulated and careless use of ORVs can have negative
environmental impacts, the use of Dare County's ocean beaches for driving is in fact well
regulated. Specific controlled access ramps and designated travel routes managed by the
National Park Service are a feature of the shorelines on Hatteras Island. In addition, in
those areas not managed by the National Park Service, beach driving is prohibited during
the summer tourist season to all but emergency vehicles and commercial fishermen.
Recently, a number of studies and proposals to include certain plants and animals found
along the Dare County ocean shoreline on the endangered species list has generated
concern that ORV access will eventually be outlawed. Dare County has consistently
advocated carefully controlled ORV access to and use of the shorelines.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 73
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.......... .
,
................... ........... .... ...... ................ .......
......................... . ...... x w; X X ................................................. ............... .{a)...::.
2... . ... .... ......
EFFORTS TO PROPERLY BALANCE AND CONTROL THE USE OF OFF -ROAD
VEHICLES ALONG THE COUNTY'S BEACHES, DUNE AREAS, AND ESTUARINE
SHORELINES SHALL CONTINUE TO RECEIVE SUPPORT FROM COUNTY
GOVERNMENT.
Implementation Strategy
1. The County's ordinance governing ORV use on Dare County beaches will be
maintained for enforcement as necessary.
1 2.2.6 Wildlife Resources
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE MAINTENANCE OF SEVERAL PRESERVE
AREAS FOR WILDLIFE HABITAT AND ACCESS BY THE PUBLIC TO THESE
AREAS FOR MANAGED WILDLIFE HARVESTING AND OBSERVATION.
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IDare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 74
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2.3 Economic and Community Development I
The previous sections of this Plan have addressed natural resources and the policies Dare
County will use to manage and preserve its natural resource base. Equally important are
those policies that pertain to economic and community development. Every community
must provide certain infrastructure improvements and other services in order to achieve its
'
mission of protecting public health and welfare and providing for orderly development.
This section will touch on a number of issues related to economic and community
development in unincorporated Dare County.
,
2.3.1 Provision of Services
,
2.3.1(a) Water
Providing for a reliable source of drinking water is one of the primary infrastructure tasks
'
faced by any local government. Drinking water is a basic human need. Although Dare
County is surrounded by water, water suitable for consumption is not so readily available.
A detailed narrative about Dare County's water supply can be found in Section 1.4.1 of
,
this Plan. There are two main water production operations in Dare County, one publicly
owned, the Dare County Regional Water Supply System, and one privately owned, the
Cape Hatteras Water Association. Residents of unincorporated Dare County who are not
,
served by one of these two systems must rely on private wells for drinking water. As this
Plan is being developed, preliminary engineering studies are being completed as part of an
'
effort to establish a central water supply system for Rodanthe, Waves, and Salvo. Upon
the completion of this system, the only remaining portions of Dare County not served by
central water will be the unincorporated areas of Roanoke Island and the Mainland.
'
F LICY: 2 3 1a
DARE COUNTY RECOGNIZES GROUNDWATER RESOURCES AS AN
ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF THE DRINKING WATER SUPPLY. THE
MANAGEMENT
OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES AND THEIR PROTECTION
'
IS A PRIORITY ISSUE IN DARE COUNTY.
Implementation Strategy_
1. The approval of development proposals, such as subdivisions and other large water
consuming projects, will be linked to the availability of drinking water.
'
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two '
Page 75

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2.3.1 (b) Wastewater
Like many communities experiencing a transition from rural to growing urbanization, the
issue of how to dispose of wastewater is a priority matter in Dare County. The logistics
of wastewater management in Dare County are complicated by its coastal setting and the
limited availability of soils suitable for land application methods of wastewater treatment.
In the late 1960s, a water and sewer authority examined the idea of central sewer for Dare
County but cost constraints and opposition to ocean outfall discharge eventually resulted
in the idea being abandoned.
Subsequently, the Environmental Protection Agency studied the issue of wastewater
management on barrier islands and concluded that properly installed septic tank/drainfield
systems were the preferred wastewater treatment alternative. The EPA noted that with
central sewer comes additional lot coverage and population density which eventually
contributes to a decline in surface water quality due to urban stormwater runoff. With the
exception of two privately owned central sewer plants, unincorporated Dare County relies
entirely on septic tank systems or small package treatment plants for wastewater disposal.
Throughout the past 50 years, hundreds of subdivision lots have been put to record in
Dare County in accordance with regulatory standards in effect at the time of their
recordation. During the same period of time, research in the field of environmental health
and soil science has discovered a great deal about the lateral movement of microorganisms
through soils and the cleansing process. In the early 1950s, lots as small as 5,000 square
feet could be recorded . By the 1980s, this standard had been increased to 20,000 square
feet for lots using a septic tank system and an on -site private well for drinking water. A
provision to allow for a 5,000 square feet reduction in lot size was included with this new
standard of the 1980s for lots served by a septic tank system and a central water supply.
All those lots recorded in the previous years were considered to be grandfathered and
residential sized septic tank systems were allowed if soil conditions were suitable on these
grandfathered lots. This practice and these standards continue to be applicable in the
1990s.
However, there has been much debate about the impact of the 20,000 square feet
minimum lot size standard and from time to time, there is pressure to reduce the minimum
lot size to accomodate additional development. This entire range of issues was examined
in the LUP questionnaire, at the community forums, and in the policy development
workshop. These polices listed below are the result of this examination of the wastewater
treatment issue.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 76

PQ...{b...;:::::...
DARE COUNTY ADVOCATES THE USE OF ON -SITE SEPTIC TANK-
DRAINFIELD SYSTEMS AS THE PRIMARY METHOD OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT.
Implementation Strategy
1. Dare County will continue to enforce the minimum State standards for septic tank and
nitrification field systems through the Dare County Board of Health and staff
sanitarians.
P. LICY 2 3 I ;fib z_.
DARE COUNTY WILL AUTHORIZE THE USE OF PACKAGE TREATMENT
PLANTS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO SEPTIC TANKS ONLY WHEN SOIL
CONDITIONS PRECLUDE THE USE OF SEPTIC TANKS AND/OR IF A
REDUCTION IN THE RISK OF ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE IS ACHIEVED.
Implementation Strategy
1. Dare County will evaluate proposals for package treatment plants based on comments
received from the Dare County Health Director during the review process.
. .........
THE CURRENT MINIMUM LOT SIZE STANDARDS SHALL NOT BE REDUCED
REGARDLESS OF THE AVAILABILITY OF CENTRAL WASTEWATER
TREATMENT OR THE AVAILABILITY OF A COMBINATION OF CENTRAL
WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND CENTRAL WATER SUPPLY.
Implementation Strategy
I. The County will continue to enforce the minimum lot size standard of 20,000 square
feet of soils classified as suitable for septic tanks for new subdivision lots that will
feature on -site septic tank systems and private wells as a source of drinking water.
The minimum lot size standard of 15,000 square feet of soils classified as suitable for
septic tanks for new subdivision lots will be enforced when the lots will be served by
on -site septic tank systems and a central water supply.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 77
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' 2.3.1 (c) Utilities
At the beginning of the public participation phase of the LUP update process, several
citizens indicated a desire to have the issue of utility service addressed in the LUP.
Specifically, certain portions of unincorporated Dare County suffer from periodic power
failures. There are three different companies that provide electrical service to
unincorporated Dare County; NC Power for Roanoke Island and the northern beaches, the
Cape Hatteras Electric Membership Cooperative on Hatteras Island, and Tideland Electric
' Membership Cooperative for the Mainland. The frequency of power outages is greater in
those areas served by the cooperatives.
' Although the County has no official role in the management and operations of the EMCs,
the political persuasion ability of the Board of Commissioners can be used to pressure the
EMCs to upgrade their service infrastructure to provide more reliable power to their
service areas.
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DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS EFFORTS TO UPGRADE ELECTRICAL SERVICE TO
THOSE PORTIONS OF UNINCORPORATED DARE COUNTY SERVED BY
ELECTRIC MEMBERSHIP COOPERATIVES TO INCREASE THE RELIABILITY
AND QUALITY OF THE POWER SUPPLY.
2.3.1(d) Solid Waste
The past 2 decades have seen an unprecedented increase in the both the year-round and
seasonal population of Dare County. With this increase has come a related increase in the
demand for solid waste disposal. In previous years, studies have indicated that the only
feasible alternative for solid waste disposal in Dare County was a landfill. Air quality
constraints due to the presence of several Federally -owned refuges and parks preclude
incineration as an alternative. As a result, a landfill has been operational on the Mainland
since the 1980s. However, with the capacity of the East Lake Landfill nearing its limit,
Dare County has joined with several other counties in northeastern North Carolina to form
a regional solid waste authority. A new regional landfill has been established and solid
waste from Dare County will now be disposed of at the regional site located in Bertie
County.
IDare County Land Use Plan Section Two
Page 78

In addition, Dare County continues its efforts to reduce the waste stream through a ,
program of recycling. Recycling centers have been set up at numerous locations
throughout the unincorporated areas as well as the municipalities. Almost all types of
recycling materials are accepted at these drop-off sites including paper, aluminum, glass,
used motor oil, cardboard etc. This issue was also examined during the update process
and support for mandatory recycling was evident based on the results of the public opinion '
survey. It was agreed that the only effective means of reducing the waste stream is
through a mandatory recycling program. This would include "curbside" or "roadside"
pick-up. The concept of a local deposit for bottles and cans was also discussed as a ,
technique of waste reduction.
:.:::.....:.:.;::.:...:..::.:.;.;:.;:..;..:.:..:.::.;:. _...
.............................:.:::::::.:.
;: .;:.
:: POLICY 3::::::.::;.....::.;:
DARE COUNTY ADVOCATES A DUAL SYSTEM OF A LOCAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT SITE AND PARTICIPATION IN A REGIONAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY.
Implementation Strategy
'
1. Enter into and continue to participate in a regional solid waste authority. This was
implemented
prior to the completion of the LUP update with a regional solid waste
,
authority being established in mid 1993.
:....:.
PEILIC 1:; d 2 :<:.::::::..:;::.;:. .......................................
DARE COUNTY WILL CONSIDER A MANDATORY RECYCLING PROGRAM TO
INCLUDE ROADSIDE PICK-UP.
Implementation Strategy
'
1. Dare County will conduct a study of the issue of mandatory roadside recycling by
1996.
'
2.3.2 Urban Growth Patterns I
Throughout the history of land use plans in Dare County, the re -occurring theme of public
opinion has been to maintain the coastal village atmosphere that makes the area unique.
This is a particularly difficult task because almost 80% of all land in Dare County is
publicly owned which in turn puts tremendous pressure for intense development on the
remaining 20% of the land area.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section T%vo Page 79 �.

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One technique that has helped preserve the village atmosphere is the adoption of zoning
maps for several of the villages in unincorporated Dare County. The strategy used in the
process that led to the adoption of these zoning maps was to place a strong emphasis on
single family residential districts as the predominant land use in the villages. The concept
of zoning for unincorporated portions of Dare County and the designation of single family
residential development as the preferred housing stock received high levels of support in
the public opinion survey. There are however two by-products of this strategy that create
consequences of their own; a lack of multifamily housing and an increase in the cost -of -
living since most of the single family homes are not owner occupied and are used primarily
as seasonal rentals.
Another technique that many local governments use to manage and direct growth patterns
to preferred locations is through the extension of services such as water and sewer.
Earlier in this Plan, the absence of any publicly -owned central wastewater treatment for
unincorporated Dare County was discussed. (see Section 2.3.1 b). The concept of
incentives such as permit fast -tracking or fee waivers as stimulants to the private sector
was examined in the survey and discussed at the policy workshop. The results of the
public opinion survey were inconclusive -and Dare County will continue its policy of
providing services to meet market -force demand but not as a means of fostering economic
development.
As stated earlier, the amount of land owned by public agencies and used for preservation
DARE COUNTY SHALL STRIVE TO
ATMOSPHERE BY USING LAND USE
PRIVATE SECTOR MARKET FORCES
COMMERCIALIZATION WITH SINGLE
TYPE OF DEVELOPMENT.
Implementation Strategy
MAINTAIN ITS COASTAL VILLAGE
PLANNING TECHNIQUES TO GUIDE
IN THE DIRECTION OF MINIMAL
FAMILY HOMES AS THE PREFERRED
1. Continue the initiative started in 1987 to establish zoning maps for all unincorporated
portions of Dare County, where feasible.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 80

........... ........ . .. .... .. .
.. ...::...::
PUBLIC SERVICES SHALL BE PROVIDED TO MEET THE NEEDS OF, BUT NOT
TO SERVE AS AN INCENTIVE TO, GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.
Implementation Strategies
1. Dare County shall continue to lobby the North Carolina Department of Transportation
for necessary improvements to transportation facilities, especially those serving as
evacuation routes from the Outer Banks.
2. Dare County will continue to seek additional revenues from sources other than ad
valorem real estate taxes to provide for those capital expenditures identified in Section
One.
PQLCY 3c .
DARE COUNTY DOES NOT ADVOCATE UNLIMITED PUBLIC ACQUISITION OF
ADDITIONAL PRIVATELY -OWNED LANDS BUT RESERVES THE RIGHT TO
REVIEW AND SUPPORT OR OPPOSE EACH ACQUISITION PROPOSAL ON A
CASE BY CASE BASIS.
2.3.3 Residential Development
Residential development has been identified as the preferred type of land use in
unincorporated Dare County by the respondents to the public opinion survey. Not
surprisingly, single family structures are the most preferred type of residential development
followed by low density multi -family structures. This pattern of preferred development is
consistent with the coastal village atmosphere discussed earlier in the Plan. This is also
indicative of the area's non-resident property owners viewing their Dare County vacation
homes as a 'home away from home" and a resort that is different from others that feature
high density, high rise condominium developments.
Residential development is facilitated through the recordation of subdivision lots which
include streets that are either dedicated rights -of -way or designated as private roads. In
the past, the long-term maintenance of private roads has been a cause for concern because
many private roads were not constructed to standards and their repair costs exceeded the
H
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 81 '
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property owners' ability to pay. Although modern private roads are required to be
constructed to the same specifications as public roads, unforeseen events like ocean-
overwash or the failure of a subdivision to sell out, often leaves those who invest in
subdivisions with private roads or live on private roads with a major road repair bill.
Despite these concerns, the consensus of the Planning Board and a majority in the public
opinion poll was that the practice of allowing private roads to be recorded should
continue.
SINGLE FAMILY HOUSING SHALL BE ENCOURAGED AS THE PREFERRED
LAND USE IN UNINCORPORATED DARE COUNTY. THE DESIRED DENSITY
FOR ANY PROPOSED MULTI -FAMILY STRUCTURES IS 5 UNITS OR LESS PER
ACRE.
Implementation Strategies
1. Continue the initiative to establish zoning maps for unzoned portions of
unincorporated Dare County.
2. Continue to enforce the Zoning and Subdivision Ordinances already adopted by the
Board of Commissioners.
:.::....:.........::..; :.::::.;.:......:::.;..:...::....::.::.....:.::::..::.::;.:::.::::.::..:......;.::3.
DARE COUNTY SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE COST OF
MAINTAINING OR REPAIRS TO PRIVATELY -OWNED STREETS.
Implementation Strategy
1. Continue to require all subdivisions which feature private roads to bear a disclaimer
stamp on the final plat indicating that Dare County shall never be required to maintain
the roads. Restrictive covenants shall also contain language concerning the road
maintenance responsibility.
' 2.3.4 Affordable Housing
' The need for housing in a moderate price range has been identified as an important
concern in Dare County. Policies and market forces have resulted in housing costs that
are substantially higher in Dare County than housing costs elsewhere in North Carolina.
The high cost of housing is displacing many native families who are finding the costs of
living in the new resort area too great when compared to the pre -resort era of their
grandparents.
Dare CountyLand Use Plan Section Two Page 82
g

This problem is compounded by opposition to higher density multi -family structures that
could increase the number of available affordable homes. Although there is an abundant
supply of vacant second homes, the majority of these are rented on a seasonal basis for
extraordinary fees (between $1500 to $4500 per week) and then are used in the off-season
by their owners as vacation homes.
Despite the acknowledgment that the absence of moderate priced housing can ultimately
affect the ability of the area to provide service workers, little is being done to address this
issue. Poll results were inconclusive and it is not likely that any affordable housing
initiative will be forthcoming in unincorporated Dare County.
DARE COUNTY DOES NOT ADVOCATE THE USE OF ZONING INCENTIVES,
SUCH AS DENSITY INCREASES, PERMIT FEE WAIVERS AND REVIEW FAST -
TRACKING, AS A MEANS OF STIMULATING AFFORDABLE HOUSING
CONSTRUCTION. PRIVATE SECTOR INITIATIVES FOR AFFORDABLE
HOUSING WILL BE REVIEWED ON A CASE BY CASE BASIS.
2.3.5 Commercial Development
Public opinion polls and less reliable sources of information such as word of mouth, letters
to the editor, and public hearings, regularly oppose further commercialization of
undeveloped portions of Dare County. Commercial development is often viewed as a
symbol of change in a setting where change is considered unwelcome. The reality is that
as the population increases, new markets for goods and services open and expand. Free
market forces react to these new markets and as a result there is an increase in commercial
development.
PfJ►LI,GY 213 5:: .
DARE COUNTY WILL ADDRESS OPPORTUNITIES FOR COMMERCIAL
DEVELOPMENT BY ADOPTING ZONING MAPS FOR UNZONED PORTIONS OF
UNINCORPORATED DARE COUNTY AND ALLOW FREE MARKET FORCES TO
MEET THE DEMAND FOR GOODS AND SERVICES IN THOSE AREAS ZONED
FOR COMMERCIAL LAND USES.
Implementation Strati
1. Continue the initiative to establish zoning maps in such a manner where commercial
zoning is secondary to residential zoning.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 83
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' 2.3.6 Re -development
1 The dramatic growth rate over the last two decades has resulted in an increase in land
values and new markets to such a degree that structures are either new or of such little
value compared to the land they occupy that the structures are destroyed or moved to
make way for progress. There has been little need for any re -development initiative by
local government since market forces have consistently stimulated their own form of re-
development.
The exception usually pertains to a natural disaster or accident that results in the
destruction of an older structure. In the event of such a loss, reconstruction or "re-
development" is authorized but only under the terms of contemporary development
regulations and construction codes.
IIt is not anticipated that any publicly financed re -development initiative will be
forthcoming in unincorporated Dare County in the near future.
P. 2 3
REDEVELOPED AREAS AND STRUCTURES SHALL CONFORM TO CURRENT,
MORE RESTRICTIVE DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS.
Implementation Strategies
1. The County shall enforce the North Carolina State Building Codes for coastal
construction and the Dare County Floodplain Ordinance in the event of reconstruction.
2. Whenever feasible, non -conforming structures destroyed by an act of nature or an
accident will be rebuilt to comply with applicable zoning codes.
2.3.7 Industrial Development
The land in Dare County is generally not suitable for traditional industrial development
due to the presence of wetland soils, sensitive adjacent surface water bodies, and air
quality standards associated with national parks and refuges located throughout Dare
County. Also contributing as a disincentive for traditional industrial development is the
remoteness of Dare County from any urban market and a lack of rail transportation.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two
Page 84
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In earlier years, boat building and commercial fishing were the primary occupations with
tourism contributing only a minor role in the Dare County economy. In the modern era,
tourism and real estate development have emerged as the primary industries in Dare
County. Boat building and commercial fishing continue to play a role in the local
economy but not on the same scale as in the past. One industrial development proposal
that has attempted to expand the commercial fishing industry in Dare County is the
Wanchese Seafood Industrial Park. However, this proposal has been stymied for decades
due to legal entanglements surrounding the proposed Oregon Inlet jetties. Should the
jetties ever become a reality and the passage through Oregon Inlet becomes reliable, the
Wanchese Seafood Industrial Park has a chance to become a thriving operation.
:.
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pall 3:1 .....:
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT WHICH HAS EXCESSIVE NOISE, ODOR, OR
OTHER HARMFUL POLLUTION, SHALL BE DISCOURAGED FROM LOCATING
IN DARE COUNTY, UNLESS SUCH ADVERSE IMPACTS CAN BE CLEARLY
OVERCOME THROUGH EFFECTIVE MITIGATION. INDUSTRIAL SITES SHALL
BE LOCATED ON LAND WHICH IS ENVIRONMENTALLY SUITABLE AND HAS
UNIQUE LOCATIVE ADVANTAGES FOR INDUSTRY.
Implementation Strategy
1. As the development of zoning maps for unzoned parts of unincorporated Dare County
continues, those areas that are compatible with industrial development will be
considered for industrial zoning. Proposals for industrial development in zoned areas
will be reviewed for compatibility under the provisions of the Dare County Zoning
Ordinance.
2.3.8 Energy Facilities
As defined in the CAMA guidelines, "Major energy facilities are those energy facilities
which, because of their size, magnitude and scope of impacts, have the potential to
significantly affect the coastal zone. For purposes of this definition, major energy
facilities shall include, but are not necessarily limited to the following: 1) Any facility
capable of refining oil; 2) LPG-LNG-SNG terminals and associated storage, handling or
processing facilities; 3) any oil or gas storage facility that is capable of storing 15 million
gallons or more on a single site; 4) electric generating facilities 300 MGW or larger; 5)
thermal energy generation; 6) major pipelines 12" or more in diameter that carry crude
petroleum, natural gas, LNG -LPG or synthetic gas."
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 85
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NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
January 30, 1998
MEMORANDUM
To:
Interested Parties
From:
Rich ShavAg;"
Subject: 1994 Dare County Land Use Plan
Dare County has amended Policy 2.1.2 (h-2), Freshwater Swamps and Marshes, of the
1994 Dare County Land Use Plan. The amendment was certified by the NC Coastal
Resources Commission on January 23, 1998.
Please insert this 4-page amendment in your copy of the Plan (pp. 59-61 and pp. 112-
113). Also, please strike through Notes #1 and #2 in the lower right corner of the
Generalized Land Classification Map.
Any questions, contact John Thayer at 1367 US 17 South, Elizabeth City, NC 27909,
919/264-3901, FAX: [phone].
Enclosure
cc: John Thayer
P.O. BOX 27687, RALEIGH, NC 27611-7687 /2728 CAPITAL BLVO., RALEIGH, NC 27604
PHONE [phone] FAX [phone]
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY /AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER - 50% RECYCLE13/10% POST -CONSUMER PAPER

NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
January 30, 1998
MEMORANDUM
To: Interested Parties
From: Rich ShaW19�
Subject: 1994 Dare County Land Use Plan
Dare County has amended Policy 2.1.2 (h-2), Freshwater Swamps and Marshes, of the
1994 Dare County Land Use Plan. The amendment was certified by the NC Coastal
Resources Commission on January 23, 1998.
Please insert this 4-page amendment in your copy of the Plan (pp. 59-61 and pp. 112-
113). Also, please strike through Notes #1 and #2 in the lower right corner of the
Generalized Land Classification Map.
Any questions, contact John Thayer at 1367 US 17 South, Elizabeth City, NC 27909,
919/264-3901, FAX: [phone].
Enclosure
cc: John Thayer
P.O. BOX 27687, RALEIGH, NC 2761 1-7687 / 2728 CAPITAL BLVD., RALEIGH, NC 27604
PHONE [phone] FAX [phone]
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY / AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER - 50% RECYCLED/10% POST -CONSUMER PAPER
Cm:...e

4,
JAMES B. HUNTJR.
' NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
January 30, 1998
MEMORANDUM
To:
Interested Parties
From:
Rich Shavol��
Subject: 1994 Dare County Land Use Plan
Dare County has amended Policy 2.1.2 (h-2), Freshwater Swamps and Marshes, of the
1994 Dare County Land Use Plan. The amendment was certified by the NC Coastal
Resources Commission on January 23, 1998.
Please insert this 4-page amendment in your copy of the Plan (pp. 59-61 and pp. 112-
113). Also, please strike through Notes #1 and #2 in the lower right corner of the
Generalized Land Classification Map.
Any questions, contact John Thayer at 1367 US 17 South, Elizabeth City, NC 27909,
919/264-3901, FAX: [phone].
Enclosure
cc: John Thayer
P.O. BOX 27687, RALEIGH, NC 27611-7687 /2728 CAPITAL BLVD., RALEIGH, NC 27604
PHONE [phone] FAX [phone]
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY / AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER - 50% RECYCLED/10% POST -CONSUMER PAPER

,•^; s'i tit* �"•.t
NCDENR
3 1i
r, J„
1
1`^
JAMES B. HUNTJR.
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
January 30, 1998
MEMORANDUM
To:
Interested Parties
From:
Rich ShavAg;'
Subject: 1994 Dare County Land Use Plan
Dare County has amended Policy 2.1.2 (h-2), Freshwater Swamps and Marshes, of the
1994 Dare County Land Use Plan. The amendment was certified by the NC Coastal
Resources Commission on January 23, 1998.
Please insert this 4-page amendment in your copy of the Plan (pp. 59-61 and pp. 112-
113). Also, please strike through Notes #1 and #2 in the lower right corner of the
Generalized Land Classification Map.
Any questions, contact John Thayer at 1367 US 17 South, Elizabeth City, NC 27909,
919/264-3901, FAX: [phone].
Enclosure
cc: John Thayer
P.O. BOX 27687, RALEIGH, NC 2761 1-7687 / 2728 CAPITAL BLVD., RALEIGH, NC 27604
PHONE [phone] FAX [phone]
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY/AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER - 50% RECYCLED/10% POST —CONSUMER PAPER

KDENR
WAYNE MCDEVITT
SECRETARY
�'„;R06ER N. SCHECTER
Q, DIRECTOR •� -�
{
77,
f - h t 9
"
a
MEMORANDUM
To:
From:
Interested Parties
Rich ShavA95"
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
January 30, 1998
Subject: 1994 Dare County Land Use Plan
Dare County has amended Policy 2.1.2 (h-2), Freshwater Swamps and Marshes, of the
1994 Dare County Land Use Plan. The amendment was certified by the NC Coastal
Resources Commission on January 23, 1998.
Please insert this 4-page amendment in your copy of the Plan (pp. 59-61 and pp. 112-
113). Also, please strike through Notes #1 and #2 in the lower right corner of the
Generalized Land Classification Map.
Any questions, contact John Thayer at 1367 US 17 South, Elizabeth City, NC 27909,
919/264-3901, FAX: [phone].
Enclosure
cc: John Thayer
P.O. BOX 27687, RALEIGH, NC 27611-7687 / 2728 CAPITAL BLVD., RALEIGH, NC 27604
PHONE [phone] FAX [phone]
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY /AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER - 50% RECYCLED/10% POST -CONSUMER PAPER

DARE COUNTY LAND USE PLAN
Amendment certified by CRC
January 23,1998

H Y D E C O U N T Y
GENERALIZED
LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP
LAND USE PLAII UPDATE — 1994
DARE COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
GRAPHIC SCAM
l
_ Cope H.H.raa
Llgh thou..
Cdpa NafMrm
CAPE HATTERAS NATIONAL
SEASHORE RECREATION PARK
aw
00
W
bl lly Nitchtll
Alrporf j
v
o " 4-o be de,l
Ham-l" FdaLm imp CLAS flf•Tl(A4 aMP ,n„ i,n
I Nm 1 En.h plot C n (AEI'.') ..ial .lung o und eefua slm..... �.
and ro nllud.M in Wa CO.Ael.lioh Cleea. Mholh OuI iCuslmled on mia map.
IM ax«I MwdOM. of KKh AEC Ore d.mrmined wile—ap.cNk Mello sMn
permit deokioha an rentlered. aeo bOhNl d In the COnaaroROn Class W.
lnahwaW w.tlohe. oleo. 9.is, lhw one (I) conllguoue acre In lb.. TNOA
Orsaa are Mt illual,Olad on this mapecac beut. eh area. bare not been
delineated and the Federal d.of f a kishwato w.11ond Is subject to char,,.
1J' _ Fr.shwa(or second...be Rest do net ...bed on• (1) c-rl ue re
Y`N m .4. ore clussiNtd a. Venited CohmM nolion. ie ro«e. buns hot M«
Igust,ow w IN, map becouaa s«h Or... bore Mt been delineated bM the
Federal definition of O Ireehwoter ..area ht subject to chap..
3. JM sbbginq ass indicated within the boOdaiea of this eombirg rayys a o
app,aximote WmDon and Is ubject to r.—locaflen bZ the Unk.d Stnfe. Air iaCe
10 Othar Ore" eft*b the bounded.. of the Mmbirl, range. m oral lb f«Vitale
IM iSSUwCe Of IhO.e'rink. rKK... to Gohoo"I dem. IemarOl III1WOVe .r,
IN, .,grog oreb is eWssiMd Limiled Consenelian.
FF^ TE FO Er T '^ D CIASSIFICATION NAP
The WaparOlion of Ilya map .. finbne" In pat thl .gh a grant Pm.id.d M the
North Comllre Comlal Nan qq enl P,ogram, IMough funds p,orW.d by the r' sla
Zw. Nonogamanl Act of 19 2. as amended, shich is administered by IM off,..1
C«rtel ZoM Management, NolloM1 OG<anic aM Almospharic Adnr)N$Volkr.
Due to h,sp ale, uNs lord Clossilkotkn HOP is ne swnry g rated In hot...
orM is intended for general pmnNrp WGb.ea any. Fa deo.d plalwrp W Cite
pecific de.abpmenl, (hs mop us droed to consuN with opaOVrate Federal.
N.Ni and 1«al govammenl llkW' I.
mare detailed .... f in Io 6oh
1
Quible and Associates, P.C.
1 OIOIMEFRS • AACA m • I]Awn, owl me"W1ho • SII.pX's" • pl.1NNlR
AA saw rm rum Sso IIMIrr"Ness.-. t,
never (.Iq ar-da. rA. Prp ar-r.s
NAY 9,1994 1 pEENaAI� P93054LC.DWG M
rtm TAu.: JOON sL ;; IOFI

AMENDMENT TO POLICY LANGUAGE (pages 59-61)
(Deleted text in strikethrough and added text in bold print)
2.1.2 (h) Freshwater Swamps and Marshes
Over the past decade, debate has raged about the use and preservation of hundreds of
thousands of acres of land that are considered "freshwater marshes". These soils are
subject to the regulatory provisions of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and are often
referred to as "404 wetlands". There continues to be disagreement as to what constitutes
a freshwater wetland, but they can generally be described as soils that are hydric; that
sustain plant life which depends on periodic flooding, or are areas that are frequented by
migratory birds. Some examples of freshwater wetlands in Dare County include:
• Bogs and pocosins north of U.S. 64 and east of U.S. 264
• Wooded swamps fringing South Lake, the Alligator River, Mill Tail Creek, and
Whipping Creek Lake
• Freshwater marsh (Durant Island)
As part of the update process, the issue of protection of freshwater wetlands was
examined. The results indicate support for continued regulatory programs to prevent
large scale destruction of freshwater wetlands. Discussion by the Planning Board
indicated that the existing Federal regulatory program administered by the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers was the preferable means of ensuring wetland protection. Concern
was also noted about rigid interpretation and delineations of small and/or isolated pockets
of wetlands being used to preclude otherwise acceptable development projects. lEt is
. Support for all aspects
of the Corps of Engineers' Nationwide permit program was noted.
Another aspect of freshwater wetland management is the concept of mitigation, or
creation of new "manmade" freshwater wetlands in exchange for the alteration of existing
natural freshwater wetland areas. This issue was also examined as a part of the update
process. Although this complicated issue was difficult to measure, a greater level of
support for public purpose mitigation activities was identified. Mitigation to compensate
for alteration of freshwater wetlands for private development was less acceptable.

POLICY-2 I.2. (h I) ..
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE COASTAL RESOURCES COMMISSIONS
POLICY TO MITIGATE LOSSES OF COASTAL RESOURCES FOR THOSE
PROJECTS SHOWN TO BE IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST AS DEFINED BY THE
STANDARDS IN 15NCAC7M.0700 ET. SEQ. AND ONLY AFTER ALL OTHER
MEANS OF AVOIDING OR MINM41ZING SUCH LOSSES HAVE BEEN
EXHAUSTED.
Implementation Strategy
In instances when improvements to publicly -owned or managed facilities conflict
with freshwater wetland protection programs, an alternatives analysis should be
conducted in an effort to avoid wetland loss or alteration. For projects which involve
County -owned facilities or land, Dare County will conduct an alternatives analysis for
these projects. However, should the analysis determine that there is no practicable
alternative, a mitigation permit proposal shall be implemented. Mitigation activities
and improvements designed as compensation for wetland loss occurring in Dare
County shall be located, whenever possible, in Dare County and in proximity to the
loss.
POLTCY2 I 2 (h 2) - - - --- .
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
NATIONWIDE PERMIT PROGRAM.
Implementation Strategies
1. As may be necessary to facilitate implementation of permit programs for wetland
management.

AMENDMENT TO LAND CLASSIFICATION SECTION (pages 112-113)
(Deleted tent in strikethrough and added text in bold print)
Conservation -- The purpose of the conservation class is to provide for the effective long-
term management and protection of significant, limited, or irreplaceable areas.
Management is needed due to the natural, cultural, recreational, scenic, or natural
productive values of both local and more than local concern.
Areas in unincorporated Dare County that are classified as Conservation include all
CAMA AECs
waters, -eta and all Federal and State-owned lands including the Cape Hatteras National
Seashore, the Fort Raleigh complex, the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, and
portions of Buxton Woods. The only Federally -owned area that is not included in the
Conservation class is a section of the bombing range located on the Dare County
Mainland. AAse ineludedthe C do ' ffes a.. t wetland tr-aets that are
Limited Conservation — This is a sub -class of the Conservation class. The purpose of this
sub -class is to provide for the management and long-term viability of essentially
undisturbed land that is compatible with a limited range of uses under a specified set of
guidelines. Land placed in the Limited Conservation sub -class may4nelude includes
maritime forests.
All privately -owned land in the Buxton Woods maritime forest has been designated as
Limited Conservation. Also, the area that is included in the SED-1 buffer zone is
classified Limited Conservation.
A section of the bombing range located on the Dare County mainland is included in the
Limited Conservation sub -class. This section is referred to as the "staging area" of the
bombing range and has been specifically given the Limited Conservation sub -class at the
request of the U.S. Air Force officials. This request by the Air Force is being honored to
enable the Air Force to remove target debris from the range that in the past could not be
accessed due to the absence of a staging area.
be elassified Limited Censefyatien. Due to the ever- b
wetland -and the diffieulty asseeiated with mapping wedand seils, this nat-fafive
be eensider-ed Limited Gensepiatien.
Development in the Limited Conservation class should be limited to single-family
residential structures and service -oriented commercial uses.
In areas classified Limited Conservation and zoned as a Special Environmental District or
included in the Special Environmental District buffer zone as described in the Dare
County Zoning Ordinance, development shall be consistent with the standards of the
Special Environmental District.

In areas classified Limited Conservation and not zoned as a Special Environmental
District, development, land clearing activities, and the alteration of freshwater wetlands
shall be consistent with the standards of the applicable zoning district, the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers Nationwide Permit Program, or the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Section 404 jurisdictional soils permit program. In the event of conflicting standards, the
more stringent standard shall be applied.
4.3 Interpreting the Land Classification Map
The Land Classification Map included with this Plan provides a general description of the
location of each of the land classifications established in this section. This map should
not be used for site specific interpretive purposes, its scale precludes such detailed use.
Site specific questions or determinations concerning properties described on the Land
Classification Map should be directed to the Dare County Planning Department.
As previously noted in the 1987 LUP, the Dare County Board of Commissioners
indicated the desire to clarify a long running dispute concerning the site of the Globe Fish
Company docks. It is the position of the Board of Commissioners that this site is a
natural deep water port and has been in use for shipping and harbor activities prior to all
regulatory agencies or land planning documents and the site continues to hold potential
for commercial shipping, loading, and barge docking uses. Given the historical
background of this site, it is the Board's opinion that the best land class for this site is
Limited Transition despite the presence of indicators that might otherwise lead to the
placement of this tract in a more restrictive land classification.

0
v
ti
IV
4
GE14ERALIZE-D
LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP
LAND USE PLAII UPDATE - 1994
DARE COUNTY
NORTH CAROL.INA
GRAPHIC SCAIE
. L__Ititl._IGY_
Frisco
a�
XATTE�S
-[A,Z
w
Goa
C7
'44
Billy Mitchell
Airport r
V
Q)
ttQTEifil�t.EXfSTICIfi_LdWQ_Ctd551flCAIIOH_WAe '
1. Arun:, of (hvirc.mnentat C.-- (AFC's) eclat ul•n.g or ,m1 asluorine shmelinss
and .Ire Induddd In Ilia Consurvollon Goss. Although snot ilhisdut.J on This Inap.
the nxa" boundaries of each AEC are determined on a site -specific it -is when
permit decisions are rendered. Also Included in the Conservotion Class are
freshwater wetlands areas greater than one (1) contiguous acre In size. These
areas are not illustrated on this map because such areas have not been
t delineated and the Federal definition of a freshwater wetland is subject to change.
11( 2. Freshwater wetlands areas that Jo no exceed one (1) contiguous acre
•'r in size are classified as Limited Conservation. These ernes have not been
Illustrated on this map because such areas have not been delineated and the
Federal definition of o freshwater wetland Is subject to change.
J. The staging area indicated within the boundaries of tha bombing range is on
approximate location and is subject to re-locotlon by the United States Air Force
to other areas within the boundaries of the bombing range. In order to facilitate
the issuance of those permits necessary to construct debris removal improvements•
the uloging area is classified Limped Conservation.
ScEHIIELs9if FOR EXilflG 1 CLASSIFICATION_MA
The preparation of this map was financed in part through o grant provided by the
North Carolina Co Nanoggeman( Program• through fund,, provided by the Coastal
Zone Management Act of 1972. as amended, which is administered by the Office of
Coastal Zone Nanogement, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Due to map scale, this Land Classification Map Is necessarily generalized in nature,
and Is intended for general planning purposes only. For detailed planning or site
specific development, the map user is advised to consult with appropriate Federal,
State and local government officals for more detailed sources of information.
Quible and Associates, P.C.
O/OIN[[RS • ARCMKCrS • JI]MROMAEMIALIM • SURVEYORS • MNI'RS
re. aura pe fam #U*r Imm "WON anw
mom (ese) se/-4100 FAX (ese) 2e1-17ee
NAY 9, /994 F4EN44E* P93054LC.I)G Derr
Cr nn.: P93054 IW.: / OF /

AMENDMENT TO POLICY LANGUAGE (pages 59-61)
(Deleted text in strikethrough and added text in bold print)
2.1.2 (h) Freshwater Swamps and Marshes
Over the past decade, debate has raged about the use and preservation of hundreds of
thousands of acres of land that are considered "freshwater marshes". These soils are
subject to the regulatory provisions of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and are often
referred to as "404 wetlands". There continues to be disagreement as to what constitutes
a freshwater wetland, but they can generally be described as soils that are hydric; that
sustain plant life which depends on periodic flooding, or are areas that are frequented by
migratory birds. Some examples of freshwater wetlands in Dare County include:
• Bogs and pocosins north of U.S. 64 and east of U.S. 264
• Wooded swamps fringing South Lake, the Alligator River, Mill Tail Creek, and
Whipping Creek Lake
• Freshwater marsh (Durant Island)
As part of the update process, the issue of protection of freshwater wetlands was
examined. The results indicate support for continued regulatory programs to prevent
large scale destruction of freshwater wetlands. Discussion by the Planning Board
indicated that the existing Federal regulatory program administered by the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers was the preferable means of ensuring wetland protection. Concern
was also noted about rigid interpretation and delineations of small and/or isolated pockets
of wetlands being used to preclude otherwise acceptable development projects. "
expanses elf fie-shhvater- wetlands but to aeoept eeeasienal lesses ef isolated peek
. Support for all aspects
of the Corps of Engineers' Nationwide permit program was noted.
Another aspect of freshwater wetland management is the concept of mitigation, or
creation of new "manmade" freshwater wetlands in exchange for the alteration of existing
natural freshwater wetland areas. This issue was also examined as a part of the update
process. Although this complicated issue was difficult to measure, a greater level of
support for public purpose mitigation activities was identified. Mitigation to compensate
for alteration of freshwater wetlands for private development was less acceptable.

POLICY 212 (h 1)
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE COASTAL RESOURCES CONMSSIONS
POLICY TO MITIGATE LOSSES OF COASTAL RESOURCES FOR THOSE
PROJECTS SHOWN TO BE IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST AS DEFINED BY THE
STANDARDS IN 15NCAC7M.0700 ET. SEQ. AND ONLY AFTER ALL OTHER
MEANS OF AVOIDING OR MQNRvIIZING SUCH LOSSES HAVE BEEN
EXHAUSTED.
Implementation Strateay
In instances when improvements to publicly -owned or managed facilities conflict
with freshwater wetland protection programs, an alternatives analysis should be
conducted in an effort to avoid wetland loss or alteration. For projects which involve
County -owned facilities or land, Dare County will conduct an alternatives analysis for
these projects. However, should the analysis determine that there is no practicable
alternative, a mitigation permit proposal shall be implemented. Mitigation activities
and improvements designed as compensation for wetland loss occurring in Dare
County shall be located, whenever possible, in Dare County and in proximity to the
loss.
;POLICY 21.2 (h 2) .. _ ....
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
NATIONWIDE PERMIT PROGRAM.
Implementation Strategies
1. As may be necessary to facilitate implementation of permit programs for wetland
management.
2. Ciassif� small peekets ef iselated fieshwater- wetlands less than ene eefififf—detis aer-e
i size s Limited Genser-vatien.

AMENDMENT TO LAND CLASSIFICATION SECTION (pages 112-113)
(Deleted text in strikethrough and added text in bold print)
Conservation -- The purpose of the conservation class is to provide for the effective long-
term management and protection of significant, limited, or irreplaceable areas.
Management is needed due to the natural, cultural, recreational, scenic, or natural
productive values of both local and more than local concern.
Areas in unincorporated Dare County that. are classified as Conservation include all
CAMA AECs ,
waters, and all Federal and State-owned lands including the Cape Hatteras National
Seashore, the Fort Raleigh complex, the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, and
portions of Buxton Woods. The only Federally -owned area that is not included in the
Conservation class is a section of the bombing range located on the Dare County
Mainland.
Limited Conservation -- This is a sub -class of the Conservation class. The purpose of this
sub -class is to provide for the management and long-term viability of essentially
undisturbed land that is compatible with a limited range of uses under a specified set of
guidelines. Land placed in the Limited Conservation sub -class may4nehide includes
maritime forests. ,
and fieshwater- wedand areas that do net-e:xeeed
All privately -owned land in the Buxton Woods maritime forest has been designated as
Limited Conservation. Also, the area that is included in the SED-1 buffer zone is
classified Limited Conservation.
A section of the bombing range located on the Dare County mainland is included in the
Limited Conservation sub -class. This section is referred to as the "staging area" of the
bombing range and has been specifically given the Limited Conservation sub -class at the
request of the U.S. Air Force officials. This request by the Air Force is being honored to
enable the Air Force to remove target debris from the range that in the past could not be
accessed due to the absence of a staging area.
'I'
E;1
qMs
I
Development in the Limited Conservation class should be limited to single-family
residential structures and service -oriented commercial uses.
In areas classified Limited Conservation and zoned as a Special Environmental District or
included in the Special Environmental District buffer zone as described in the Dare
County Zoning Ordinance, development shall be consistent with the standards of the
Special Environmental District.

In areas classified Limited Conservation and not zoned as a Special Environmental
District, development, land clearing activities, and the alteration of freshwater wetlands
shall be consistent with the standards of the applicable zoning district, the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers Nationwide Permit Program, or the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Section 404 jurisdictional soils permit program. In the event of conflicting standards, the
more stringent standard shall be applied.
4.3 Interpreting the Land Classification Map
The Land Classification Map included with this Plan provides a general description of the
location of each of the land classifications established in this section. This map should
not be used for site specific interpretive purposes, its scale precludes such detailed use.
Site specific questions or determinations concerning properties described on the Land
Classification Map should be directed to the Dare County Planning Department.
d
identified
the Land fit Map. These
that have t been mapped afe
lie
t
en i LLJ J1:1�1VLLLIefi
A G have been appr-ext ate!y
eeasW wetlands that within the
estuafine
sher-eline
Classifieafien
Map
due
te the faet that the delineafien ef these
illustrated en the Land
'1 1. t
it
have
et been mapped
- sI LLed the Va111L«*e'..
been eempleted; the
1, T :m;+e.l
e-meee1 +' ef area
ene
are
identified,
they shall elassiRe.1 as
luuoauL,u uJ a.. aCensefvafien.
than eentigue t shall be
Freshwater- wedand
afeas
greater-
ene
As previously noted in the 1987 LUP, the Dare County Board of Commissioners
indicated the desire to clarify a long running dispute concerning the site of the Globe Fish
Company docks. It is the position of the Board of Commissioners that this site is a
natural deep water port and has been in use for shipping and harbor activities prior to all
regulatory agencies or land planning documents and the site continues to hold potential
for commercial shipping, loading, and barge docking uses. Given the historical
background of this site, it is the Board's opinion that the best land class for this site is
Limited Transition despite the presence of indicators that might otherwise lead to the
placement of this tract in a more restrictive land classification.

Long Shoal
Point
GE 1\1 E R A L I Z ED
LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP
LAND USE PLAIT UPDATE — 1994
DARE COUNTY
NORTH CAROLwINA
GRAPHIC SCAIE
�t
O
V
ti
Q
0
Cape HoNenos
ughthouse
do
Cope HaHeras
CAPE HATTERAS NATIONAL
SEASHORE RECREATION PARK
w
oa
G
CQ
Frisco
A
. c
Y•
Billy Mitchell
Airport
rr �
»
V
d
�•
0
a�
-b be Je lek&
NOTES-E0 f..EXISTltT1_IdNQ_CLAS51E1CAI14It me
1. Aroa:, of C—hc nrnonlot Luncern (AECa) -iat slung ocnun and ash,onne shorelines
and are includod in the Conservation Class. Although nut illustrated on this map.
the exact boundaries of each AEC are determined on a sits -specific basis when
permit decisions are rendered. Also Included In the Conservation Class are
freshwater wetlands areas greater than one (1) contiguous acre In size. These
areas are not Illustrated on this mop because such areas have not been
delineated and the Federal definition of a freshwater wellond is subject to thongs.
HaMeros
L
b(C, 2. Freshwater wetlands areas that 94 �91 exceed one (i) contiguous acre
In size are classified Limited Conservation. These
as areas have not been
Illustrated on this map because such areas have not been delineated and the
Federal definition of a freshwater wetland fa subject to change.
J. The staging area indicated within the boundaries of the bombing range is an
approximate location and is subject to re-locolion by the United States Air Force
to other areas within the boundaries of the bombing range. In order to focilitote
the issuance of those permits necessary to construct debris removal Improvements,
the utaging area is classified limited Conservation.
-CLff r—Arf FOR EXI5TIt A/ID . ASSIFI ailON y B
The proporation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided byy the
North Curolina Coastal Management Program, through funde th provided by e Coastal
Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of
Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Due to mop scale, this land Classification Map is necessarily generalized in nature,
and Is intended for general planning purposes only. For detailed planning or site
hAT specific development, the map user is advised to consult with appropriate Federal,
',R 4s, State and local government officals for more detailed sources of information.
."Vz '
Quible and Associates, P.C.
irel &%IWPWM s ARCM M471s s LM7ROMKMALIM a SURWrM a rIAMIERs
►.0. V"Wn 170 AIM $61111 , NO M rARalRle 7fe0
MOVE (01e) "1-$" ra (019) "1-131e0
DA E' NAY 9, 1994 F)LEN4HE• P930541-C.0 G ray
fPOEcT nu: P93054 o.: ! OF /
lei' {f �..

AMENDMENT TO POLICY LANGUAGE (pages 59-61)
(Deleted text in strikethrough and added text in bold print)
2.1.2 (h) Freshwater Swamps and Marshes
Over the past decade, debate has raged about the use and preservation of hundreds of
thousands of acres of land that are considered "freshwater marshes". These soils are
subject to the regulatory provisions of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and are often
referred to as "404 wetlands". There continues to be disagreement as to what constitutes
a freshwater wetland, but they can generally be described as soils that are hydric; that
sustain plant life which depends on periodic flooding, or are areas that are frequented by
migratory birds. Some examples of freshwater wetlands in Dare County include:
• Bogs and pocosins north of U.S. 64 and east of U.S. 264
• Wooded swamps fringing South Lake, the Alligator River, Mill Tail Creek, and
Whipping Creek Lake
• Freshwater marsh (Durant Island)
As part of the update process, the issue of protection of freshwater wetlands was
examined. The results indicate support for continued regulatory programs to prevent
large scale destruction of freshwater wetlands. Discussion by the Planning Board
indicated that the existing Federal regulatory program administered by the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers was the preferable means of ensuring wetland protection. Concern
was also noted about rigid interpretation and delineations of small and/or isolated pockets
of wetlands being used to preclude otherwise acceptable development projects. -is
. Support for all aspects
of the Corps of Engineers' Nationwide permit program was noted.
Another aspect of freshwater wetland management is the concept of mitigation, or
creation of new "manmade" freshwater wetlands in exchange for the alteration of existing
natural freshwater wetland areas. This issue was also examined as a part of the update
process. Although this complicated issue was difficult to measure, a greater level of
support for public purpose mitigation activities was identified. Mitigation to compensate
for alteration of freshwater wetlands for private development was less acceptable.

POLICY 2 12 (h.1)
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE COASTAL RESOURCES COMMISSIONS
POLICY TO MITIGATE LOSSES OF COASTAL RESOURCES FOR THOSE
PROJECTS SHOWN TO BE IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST AS DEFINED BY THE
STANDARDS IN 15NCAC7M.0700 ET. SEQ. AND ONLY AFTER ALL OTHER
MEANS OF AVOIDING OR MINEVIIZING SUCH LOSSES HAVE BEEN
EXHAUSTED.
Implementation Stratey
In instances when improvements to publicly -owned or managed facilities conflict
with freshwater wetland protection programs, an alternatives analysis should be
conducted in an effort to avoid wetland loss or alteration. For projects which involve
County -owned facilities or land, Dare County will conduct an alternatives analysis for
these projects. However, should the analysis determine that there is no practicable
alternative, a mitigation permit proposal shall be implemented. Mitigation activities
and improvements designed as compensation for wetland loss occurring in Dare
County shall be located, whenever possible, in Dare County and in proximity to the
loss.
POLICY 2. 12
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
NATIONWIDE PERMIT PROGRAM.
Implementation Strategies
1. As may be necessary to facilitate implementation of permit programs for wetland
management.

AMENDMENT TO LAND CLASSIFICATION SECTION (pages 112-113)
(Deleted text in strikethrough and added text in bold print)
Conservation -- The purpose of the conservation class is to provide for the effective long-
term management and protection of significant, limited, or irreplaceable areas.
Management is needed due to the natural, cultural; recreational, scenic, or natural
productive values of both local and more than local concern.
Areas in unincorporated Dare County that are classified as Conservation include all
CAMA AECs sueh as but -net limited te eeastal wetlands, publie tfust waters,
wateFs, and all Federal and State-owned lands including the Cape Hatteras National
Seashore, the Fort Raleigh complex, the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, and
portions of Buxton Woods. The only Federally -owned area that is not included in the
Conservation class is a section of the bombing range located on the Dare County
Mainland.at . wetland tr-aets that are
greater- than ene ee..
Limited Conservation -- This is a sub -class of the Conservation class. The purpose of this
sub -class is to provide for the management and long-term viability of essentially
undisturbed land that is compatible with a limited range of uses under a specified set of
guidelines. Land placed in the Limited Conservation sub -class nh7f4nelude includes
maritime forests. ,
areas that de net exeeed
All privately -owned land in the Bunton Woods maritime forest has been designated as
Limited Conservation. Also, the area that is included in the SED-1 buffer zone is
classified Limited Conservation.
A section of the bombing range located on the Dare County mainland is included in the
Limited Conservation sub -class. This section is referred to as the "staging area" of the
bombing range and has been specifically given the Limited Conservation sub -class at the
request of the U.S. Air Force officials. This request by the Air Force is being honored to
enable the Air Force to remove target debris from the range that in the past could not be
accessed due to the absence of a staging area.
Development in the Limited Conservation class should be limited to single-family
residential structures and service -oriented commercial uses.
In areas classified Limited Conservation and zoned as a Special Environmental District or
included in the Special Environmental District buffer zone as described in the Dare
County Zoning Ordinance, development shall be consistent with the standards of the
Special Environmental District.

In areas classified Limited Conservation and not zoned as a Special Environmental
District, development, land clearing activities, and the alteration of freshwater wetlands
shall be consistent with the standards of the applicable zoning district, the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers Nationwide Permit Program, or the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Section 404 jurisdictional soils permit program. In the event of conflicting standards, the
more stringent standard shall be applied.
4.3 Interpreting the Land Classification Map
The Land Classification Map included with this Plan provides a general description of the
location of each of the land classifications established in this section. This map should
not be used for site specific interpretive purposes, its scale precludes such detailed use.
Site specific questions or determinations concerning properties described on the Land
Classification Map should be directed to the Dare County Planning Department.
Dare
Ceunty,
there
both and freshwater- wedands
Thr-eughetA unineer-per-ated
been
identified
e&e eeastal
the Land Classifleatien Map. These
that have net mapped and are
lie the
net
en
AEC- have b H"IY
eeastal wetlands that within
estuarine
shoreline
il hast been L t d the
has in
eils
have
freshwater-
et been mapped er- the .:te o f
that de net.
delinemien ehanged. any
ease, when
n
identified,
wedand peekets
Lim i
they be elassified
exeeei ene eent'gueus aer-e°Farm
Censep,�afien. Freshwater-
shall as
than �e shall be
wetland
ein sifiea Censefvatien.
areas
gfeater-
ene eerAigue
As previously noted in the 1987 LUP, the Dare County Board of Commissioners
indicated the desire to clarify a long running dispute concerning the site of the Globe Fish
Company docks. It is the position of the Board of Commissioners that this site is a
natural deep water port and has been in use for shipping and harbor activities prior to all
regulatory agencies or land planning documents and the site continues to hold potential
for commercial shipping, loading, and barge docking uses. Given the historical
background of this site, it is the Board's opinion that the best land class for this site is
Limited Transition despite the presence of indicators that might otherwise lead to the
placement of this tract in a more restrictive land classification.

0
0
GE 1\1 E R A L I Z ED
LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE - 1994
DARE COUNTY
NORTH CAROL.INA
r.GRAP�HICSCAIE
r �T�
• ti,
I
do
0
Cape Hatteras
Uphthouss
Cape Hatteras
CAPE HATTERAS NATIONAL
SEASHORE RECREATION PARK
�o
Frisco
ay silly Michell
N V
9
`Z
d
-b be de,le4A
HQTEi_fill{_FXISTRr,_IdHQ._GLdTSLEICAiIQK
I.
Area!, of Fnvlronmento# Cancam (AUC's) edut b-ij r red astuorine shorelines
and are In ludad in the Conservation Class. Althouyhnut illustiuled an this trap.
the exact boundaries of each AEC are determined on a site -specific basis when
permit decisions are rendered. Also Included In the Conservation Class are
freshwater wetlands areas greater than one (1) contiguous acre In size. These
areas are not illustrated on this map because such areas have not been
delineated and the Federal definition of a freshwater wetland is subject to charge.
literati LL
}� 2. Freshwater wetlands areas that -do no j exceed one (I) contiguous acre
�C in size are classified as Limited Conservation. These areas have not been
illustrated on this map because such areas have not been delineated and the
Federal definiton of a freshwater wetlond Is Subject to change.
J. The staging area indicated within the boundaries of the bombing range is an
approximate location and Is subject to re-locolion by the United States Air Farce
to Other areas within the boundaries of the bombing range. In order to facilitate
the issuance of those permits necessary to construct debris removal improvements,
the atoging area is classified Limited Conservation.
&Ef3TIEl._ATE FOR StItIG lAt4l) CLASSIFICATION MA
The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided byy the
North Carolina Coastal Management Program, (trough funds provided by the Ooaetal
Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended• which is administered by the Office of
Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
­---far
_-`� Due to map stole, this Land Classification Map Is necessarily generalized in nature,
and Is intended for general planning purposes only. For detailed planning or site
specific development• the map user is advised to consult with appropriate Federal,
HAT ems, State and local government officals for more detailed sources of information.
LNL
ire),
Q.uible and Associates, P.C.
I?IMW RS a ARC/RTECTS a EIMROMKMALJ= • SURVEYORS a PLAMEM
►.& Mon era am tutu, 1601101 c4l"Ms ante
"001W (IN) QII-J00 rAR foie) sel-ssq
NAY 9, 1994 FILEN4M6 P93054LC.D G DSN
PROXCF NO.: P93054 A10.: ) CF /

1
' Over the past few years, a proposal to explore the outer continental shelf (OCS) off of the
coast of Cape Hatteras for natural gas and/or oil has generated a great deal of concern in
Dare County. This so-called "Manteo tract" is located approximately 25 miles from Cape
Hatteras and the exploration would occur in deep water. Along with the off -shore activity
comes land based support facilities and operations. Should the exploration lead to
' production, an increase in land based activity, including the construction of pipelines,
would occur.
Public hearings in 1989 demonstrated strong local opposition to any land based activities
associated with the exploration of the OCS for fossil fuel production. - As a result, the
policy detailed below was adopted in 1989 and support for its continuation was evident in
the update process.
,:.:
..::..;......
PELItY<3..8..::
:.,
DARE COUNTY IS OPPOSED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANY PETRO-
CHEMICAL ENERGY FACILITY OR RELATED IMPROVEMENTS WITHIN ITS
' JURISDICTIONAL LANDS AND/OR WATERS. THIS INCLUDES ALL
STRUCTURES, OPERATIONS, AND ACTIVITIES ASSOCIATED WITH PETRO-
CHEMICAL ENERGY FACILITY DEVELOPMENT, SUCH AS, BUT NOT LMTED
TO, ON -SHORE SUPPORT BASES FOR OFFSHORE EXPLORATION ACTIVITIES,
STAGING AREAS, TRANSMISSION AND/OR PRODUCTION PIPELINES,
PIPELINE STORAGE YARDS, AND OTHER SIM1MAR STRUCTURES,
ACTIVITIES, AND IMPROVEMENTS RELATED TO PETRO-CHEMICAL
ENERGY FACILITY DEVELOPMENT, EXPLORATION, OR PRODUCTION.
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NON -FOSSIL
FUEL ALTERNATIVES FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION.
Implementation Strategies
1. Any major energy facility to be located in Dare County shall make a full disclosure of
' all costs and benefits associated with the project. This disclosure shall be in the form
of an environmental impact statement independent of and not funded by any petro-
chemical company or the Minerals Management Service.
2. In the event that an energy facility is proposed for Dare County, the County will
support the policy statements and administrative regulations referenced in
' 15NCAC7M, Section .0400 entitled "Coastal Energy Policies".
' Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two
Page 86

1�,
2.3.9 Tourism I
Over the past 2 decades, tourism has become the principal industry in Dare County. '
Resort accommodations, prepared meals, retail sales, and leisure services combine to fuel
this multi -million dollar economic base. Given the environmental constraints that preclude
traditional "smoke -stack" industrial development in Dare County, tourism's relatively '
"clean" characteristics fit Dare County well.
1. The County will continue to support the efforts of the Dare County tourist Bureau to
promote the Outer Banks as a resort area.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 87
r

0
2.3.10 Shoreline Access
As Dare County's permanent and seasonal population has grown over the past few years
and continues to do so, the demand for public access to the ocean and estuarine shorelines
has also continued to increase. Throughout this Plan, the important role tourism plays in
the local economy is discussed. Access to the ocean and estuarine shorelines by the
general public, especially the tourists, is a key attraction of the Dare County coastline. In
order to ensure that this attraction continues, Dare County has examined public opinion
about shoreline access in the LUP update process. Although public opinion was mixed
and probably reflected the tendency of shorefront property owners to guard their privacy,
it was agreed that properly sited access facilities should be supported.
Access opportunities to the ocean and estuarine shorelines of Dare County vary according
to location. The Cape Hatteras National Seashore features 45 miles of undeveloped ocean
and estuarine shorelines set aside for the express purpose of the public's enjoyment.
Throughout the incorporated portions of Dare County, there are numerous access
facilities that provide convenient parking for vehicles, dune overwalks, and at the larger
facilities, restrooms with outdoor showers. Many of these facilities have been constructed
using grant funds made available through the North Carolina Division of Coastal
Management's shoreline access grant program. Opportunities for public access to either
shoreline are less available in the unincorporated portions of Dare County where private
streets exclude the public and thus hamper access to the shorelines by anyone who is not a
property owner on the private road.
The following table illustrates how many miles of oceanfront there are in Dare County and
how that shoreline is dispersed according to governing jurisdiction.
Table 23 -- Breakdown of Oceanfront Shoreline by Jurisdiction
Federal Government
Kill Devil Hills
Kitty Hawk
Nags Head
Southern Shores
Unincorp. Dare County
TOTAL
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two
45.0 miles
4.5 miles
3.5 miles
12.0 miles
4.5 miles
15.5 miles
85.0 miles
Page 88

.
... .
PE3LIOr,
3 IE3
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS NORTH CAROLINXS SHORELINE ACCESS
POLICIES AS STATED IN 15NCAC7H, SECTION .0300. DARE COUNTY
RECOGNIZES SHORELINE ACCESS TO BOTH OCEAN AND ESTUARINE
SHORELINES AS A KEY COMPONENT IN THE LOCAL TOURIST ECONOMY.
Implementation Strategies
1. Dare County will seek funding under the CAMA shoreline access program to develop
a shoreline access master plan for the unincorporated portions of Dare County. This
plan shall include both ocean and estuarine shorelines. Target date -- FY 1994-1995.
2. Dare County will continue to work with other State and Federal agencies to fund and
construct access facilities on State and Federal properties.
3. Shoreline access planning and implementation activities will be coordinated with the
Oregon Inlet and Waterways Commission.
2.3.11 Channel Maintenance
Throughout Dare County, there are a number of channels and waterways that are essential
to the safe movement of commercial and recreational boating traffic. Some of these
waterways are officially unnamed and others, such as Oregon Inlet, are well known. In
order to ensure that these passages remain navigable, they must from time to time be
dredged to remove shoaling. Given the importance of these- channels, the County
advocates their continued maintenance.
The most important waterway for both commercial and recreational boats is Oregon Inlet.
For the past three decades, Dare County has consistently advocated the construction of
twin jetties to stabilize Oregon Inlet and provide for a reliable and safe passageway
through this inlet. This issue was examined as a part of the LUP update process and the
construction of twin jetties received significant support.
Pt3LC Y 2 3 11 a ...
DARE COUNTY ADVOCATES ROUTINE MAINTENANCE OF ALL EXISTING
NAVIGABLE CHANNELS AND WILL WORK TO SECURE PERMIT
AUTHORIZATION WHENEVER NECESSARY.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 89
J

,.;:.. .
.......
....................
' DARE COUNTY ADVOCATES AND SUPPORTS THE PERMIT AUTHORIZATION
AND FEDERAL FUNDING NECESSARY TO CONSTRUCT TWIN JETTIES TO
STABILIZE OREGON INLET.
Implementation Strategy
1. Dare County shall continue the funding of the Oregon Inlet and Waterways
Commission and staff to provide support for the on -going efforts to secure jetty permit
authorization and funding.
2.3.12 Beach Nourishment
' One of the most complicated and most debated policy issues in recent history - is the
' management of the ocean beaches of Dare County. Much of the tourist economy is
centered on the two strands of barrier islands that are positioned north and south of
Oregon Inlet. Coastal geologists have concluded that under natural conditions, barrier
' islands migrate in a manner dependent upon a number of factors. These factors include
wave climate, frequency of storm events, and the direction bf the movement of sand up
and down the coast, known as littoral drift. A combination of these factors results in the
' natural migration of an undeveloped barrier island.
The situation on the barrier islands of Dare County involves the introduction of
development, roads, houses, hotels, and condominiums, into the equation. The presence
of development conflicts with the natural processes because development connotes a sense
of permanence while the barrier islands are changing by their very nature. When this
desire for permanence of any road, home, or other improvement meets with the tendency
for a barrier island shoreline to fluctuate, pressure mounts for government agencies to "do
something".
' The alternatives for shoreline management have been identified and can be simplified into
3 categories as follows:
• Retreat or move awayas the natural migration of the shoreline this phenomenon gr ( P on is
also known as beach erosion) becomes apparent. .
IDare County Land Use Plan Section T-svo
Page 90
lu

Construct oceanfront structures designed to protect improvements located near the
oceanfront. These structures, also known as "shoreline hardening" can if properly
designed and constructed stabilize a shoreline. Historically, they also result in the
disappearance of the sandy beaches that are characteristic of barrier islands that are in
their natural state.
• Reconstruct the shoreline by replacing sand removed by natural processes by pumping
or trucking in replacement sand onto the beach. This process is also known as beach
nourishment when first applied and as beach renourishment when maintained.
The State of North Carolina has recognized sandy beaches as both natural and economic
resources. The State has abolished hardening as a means of protecting private property
along the oceanfront. The current level, and in many instances style of development in
Dare County, makes the retreat alternative impractical. The other long-term shoreline
management alternative is beach nourishment. A study of the shoreline management
alternatives for the Outer Banks was completed in 1984. This study titled "Outer Banks
Erosion Task Force Report" recommended beach nourishment as the preferential
management alternative. The issue of beach nourishment was also re-examined as a part
of the LUP update process. After considerable discussion, it was agreed that beach
nourishment should be the County's preferred shoreline management alternative. It was
also agreed that funding for beach nourishment studies and/or construction should not
involve the expenditure of ad valorem tax revenue (or real property taxes). Funding for
such a project should come from other revenue resources such as the occupancy tax on
rentals, the prepared meals tax, or a special assessment on oceanfront properties.
LI ;:
GY
.........
.::.:..:.:...:.::...:....::::.: . .
BEACH NOURISHMENT IS DARE COUNTY'S PREFERRED SHORELINE
MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVE.
Implementation Strategies
Continue to participate in the feasibility study being conducted by the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers for a beach nourishment project for the northern beaches of Dare
County. Funding of the feasibility study should be a cost -share among the local
governments in Dare County involved in the project and should not include local
property tax funds.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 91

F1
2. Investigate funding alternatives for the construction of a beach fill project upon
completion of the feasibility study. Funding alternatives to be considered include
' occupancy tax revenues, prepared meals tax revenues, or a special assessment on
oceanfront properties located within the project area.
' 2.3.13 Bikeways/Walkways/Greenways
The need for additional improvements along the major transportation routes in Dare
County to accommodate pedestrians and bicycles has been a theme of almost every public
forum on land use plans held in Dare County over the past few years. Residents and
' tourists are spending more and more time outdoors for recreation and exercising for better
health. Cycling, walking, jogging, and roller skating have become extremely popular
outdoor activities. Unfortunately, each of these activities carries a certain risk because of
' the absence of improvements to provide a safe separation between walkers, bikers,
joggers, skaters, and motor vehicles. Strong support for sidewalk construction and the
' inclusion of bicycle lanes along major highways was noted at the public forums held as a
part of the LUP update process. The concept of including greenways improvements as a
part of a long-term plan to improve pedestrian and bicycle routes was also supported.
343
:... ... ::.::......
.....
.:..:..... .
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................:
' DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF SIDEWALKS, BIKE
PATHS, GREENWAYS, AND WALKING/JOGGING TRAILS TO PROVIDE A SAFE
SETTING FOR THESE TYPES OF OUTDOOR RECREATION IN
' UNINCORPORATED DARE COUNTY.
Implementation Strategy
1. The Countywill continue to lobby the North Carolina Department of Transportation
Y P P
for bicycle and pedestrian improvements to be included in the Transportation
' Improvement Plan. The County will also coordinate this effort with the Dare County
Department of Parks and Recreation and the National Park Service.
2.3.14 Federal and State Support
The relationship between State, Federal and local governments is particularly important in
Dare County since so much of the land is owned or managed by public agencies. The
' privately -owned land is also significantly impacted by a number of regulatory programs
administered by State or Federal agencies. The relationship has been tenuous due to
disagreements over the interpretation of certain land development regulations such as
' wetland delineation and the administration of CAMA permits based on local LUP policies.
Dare CountyLand Use Plan Section Two Page 92
g

Another source of tension involves legislative action by the State and Federal governments '
that creates regulatory programs that must be implemented by local governments without
funding assistance. In other programs where funding assistance is available, the funding is '
contingent upon local acquiescence to sometimes unpopular policy mandates. For
example, funding assistance is available for the development of land use plans from the
State of North Carolina. However, if these plans include policies that are contrary to the '
defined goals of the State's coastal management programs, certification of the plan by the
Coastal Resources Commission is often withheld until the plan is revised to reflect the
State's position. '
One example of a successful local and State relationship is the NCDOT's Transportation
Improvement Plan process which allows local governments the opportunity to ,
demonstrate their needs to the State policy -level administrators without any administrative
restrictions. Dare County has also had a successful relationship with the N.C. Division of
Coastal Management's beach access grant program which along the National Park ,
Service's donation of property resulted in the construction of a regional oceanfront access
facility on Hatteras Island.
PQLT.............. : 4:..:.:..::..:::: `::<::
AND THE ECONOMIC HEALTH OF THE AREA
Implementation Strategies '
1. The County encourages the development and implementation of a long-term plan for
the protection and maintenance of N.C. 12 on Hatteras Island. '
2. The County will continue to support the proposal to construct a new bridge from
Manns Harbor to the intersection of N.C. 345 and U.S. 64/264 on Roanoke Island. '
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 93 '

I
2.4 Storm Hazard Mitigation, Evacuation, and Post -disaster
Reconstruction and Recovery PIan
Located along the mid -Atlantic seaboard, Dare County faces an annual challenge from
June 1 to November 30 when the Atlantic hurricane season is observed. The unique
configuration of Dare County's barrier islands makes these areas particularly susceptible to
hurricanes. In addition, much of the remaining land areas of Dare County lack sufficient
elevation to preclude floodwaters associated with storm tides and torrential rains.
The purpose of this section of the Land Use Plan is to describe the County's policies on
managing development to mitigate storm damage, evacuation concerns, and
reconstruction strategies to be employed after a natural disaster has occurred. Each of
these topics are discussed below:
2.4.1 Storm Hazard Mitigation
Storm hazard mitigation involves activities, policies, and practices which help to reduce
the likelihood that property damage will be catastrophic in the event of a strike by a
hurricane. The key method of mitigation practiced in Dare County is the enforcement of
base flood elevation standards designed to allow rising waters to flow freely under
elevated structures. In addition, Dare County enforces the wind load requirements for
hurricane zones established by the Southern Building Codes Council.
At the end of this Plan, the reader will find a composite hazards map that has been
prepared in accordance with the CAMA guidelines. This map, included for purposes of
illustration, depicts in shaded colors those portions of Dare County subject and not subject
to storm surge inundation (flooding) during a FEMA category 1 or 2 storm. In the event
of a stronger storm, flooding would be more extensive. The most obvious point illustrated
by this map is that there are but a few high ground portions of Dare County that feature
enough elevation to preclude flooding during a minimal storm. Although these elevated
areas may offer protection from flooding, they are more vulnerable to wind damage during
the more intense storms.
Projections of storm surge impact vary based on the intensity of the storm, its speed of
forward motion, the cycle of lunar tides at the time of landfall, and the directional track of
the storm as it makes landfall. Under certain worse case scenarios, much of Dare County
' could find itself flooded by storm tides and/or wind driven waves. Only those areas of the
County with natural elevations exceeding 20-30 feet above sea level can be excluded from
this threat with any certainty. These areas include certain elevated sections on the north
' end of Roanoke Island, a narrow strip of Duck and Southern Shores, a very small section
of Colington, and the wooded ridges that are unique geological formations in Kitty Hawk,
Nags Head, Kill Devil Hills, and Buxton.
I Dare CountyLand Use Plan Section Two Page 94
g

A combination of vulnerability due. to the barrier island setting and an intense level of '
development leaves much of Dare County subject to extensive loss of property in the
event of a category 3, 4, or 5 hurricane. The table below illustrates the value of ,
improvements, structures, utilities, etc. that are at risk should such a hurricane make
landfall in Dare County.
Table 24 -- Assessed Property Values in Dare County '
(in $000)
Jurisdiction Value
Nags Head 718,406
Kill Devil Hills 699,533 '
Manteo 127,384
Kitty Hawk 377,059
Southern Shores 424,007 '
TOTAL (incorporated) 2,336,391
Duck/North
613,902
Colington
182,699
Roanoke Island
Mainland
704,415
383,981
,
Rodanthe/Waves/Salvo
439,934
Avon
368,683
Buxton
295,886
,
Frisco
182,393
Hatteras
159,205
'
TOTAL (unincorporated) 3,331,101
GRAND TOTAL 5,677,492 I
Source: Dare County Tax Appraisal Dept.
p........... .
OLI.. .. rr}},t
l:. a
DARE COUNTY'S POLICY ON COASTAL STORM HAZARDS IS TO USE ,
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS AND ZONING REGULATIONS TO MITIGATE
THE EFFECTS OF HIGH WINDS, STORM SURGE, FLOODING, WAVE ACTION,
AND EROSION. ,
Implementation Strategy
1. Dare County will continue to enforce all applicable Federal, State, and local regulations '
relating to construction in storm hazard areas.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 95

' DARE COUNTY DOES NOT ADVOCATE THE USE OF COUNTY FUNDS TO
ACQUIRE PARCELS LOCATED IN HAZARD AREAS OR RENDERED
UNBUILDABLE BY STORMS OR OTHER EVENTS.
I
2.4.2 Evacuation
In 1992, the North Carolina Department of Crime Control and Public Safety, along with
' the Dare County Emergency Management staff, conducted an inventory of hazardous
materials sites and emergency operation plans. The result of this work is the Dare County
Emergency Operations Plan.
This plan includes information detailing emergency powers that will be exercised b a
P g g YP Y
group of individuals known as the Dare County Emergency Management Control Group.
The Control Group is comprised of the mayors from each of the five municipalities in Dare
County, the Superintendent of the National Park Service, the Dare County Sheriff, and the
' Chairman of the Dare County Board of Commissioners.who also serves as the chairman of
the Control Group. The Control Group is assisted by a number of representatives of
essential services that will be in demand before, during, and after a natural disaster known
' as the Support Group. The Dare County Manager serves as the Support Operations
Officer.
' Due to the unique island geography of Dare County, emergency operation centers have
been established in Manteo and Buxton in order to ensure that operations can continue
even if communications are lost.
Whenever the National Weather Service issues advisories concerning weather systems, the
Emergency Management staff will monitor the situation and act according to the Dare
' County Emergency Operations Plan. As the likelihood of a strike to the Dare County
coast increases, various response procedures are implemented. In the event a situation
requires such action, the evacuation plan will be fully implemented and the emergency
' powers of the Control Group will be exercised.
The week prior to Labor Day weekend of 1993, Hurricane Emily brushed the Dare
County Outer Banks in the vicinity of Buxton village before making a gradual turn out to
sea. Because Emily was a strengthening Category 1 storm, the decision to evacuate Dare
' County was implemented 36 hours prior to the estimated time of landfall. The evacuation
required that the peak seasonal population, estimated to be 150,000, as well as permanent
residents leave the County. The evacuation order was obeyed by the entire seasonal
u
I Dare CountyLand Use Plan Section Two Page 96
g

Implementation Strategy I
1. An annual evacuation exercise will be conducted and in the event the Dare County
Evacuation Plan must be implemented, decisions will be based on the pre -determined
sequence established in the plan.
2.4.3 Post -Disaster Reconstruction and Recovery '
After a natural disaster, the County will seek to conduct a pre -determined, coordinated
return to normalcy. In order to do so, a reconstruction and recovery plan will have to be '
implemented. Elements of this plan will have to include financial assistance information,
economic recovery strategies, and a prioritized schedule for the repair and reconstruction
or replacement of infrastructure improvements and service facilities.
Re-entry Procedures I
Until a detailed post -disaster recovery plan has been adopted by the Board of
Commissioners, the following steps represent an outline for re-entry after a storm event or I
other natural disaster.
1. During an emergency, the various response plans developed by the Emergency '
Management staff shall be implemented.
2. Once the situation has been stabilized and all damage assessment activities have been '
completed and all dangerous or unhealthy conditions have abated, the re-entry and
recovery elements of the disaster response shall begin. I
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 97 ,

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3. Re-entry after an evacuation will be authorized by the Control Group based on the
following priorities:
a. Personnel necessary to restore key facilities and provide relief for emergency
management staff that did not evacuate.
b. Supply vehicles, delivery services necessary to replace essential commodities lost
due to the disaster.
c. Residents of Dare County that display a "resident" re-entry sticker or Dare County
drivers license, whichever is applicable. There may be a limited re-entry authorized
based on the conditions in any particular portion of the County.
d. Non-resident property owners will be authorized re-entry when all essential
services have been restored.
e. All other persons seeking to enter Dare County will be authorized re-entry when
the prioritized re-entry procedures have been completed.
Reconstruction
Reconstruction strategies will vary based on the degree of damage. Listed below is a table
of damage classifications that will be used by Dare County officials.
Destroyed More than 80% of value to repair; unusable, uninhabitable
Major damage More than 30% of value of structure; uninhabitable
Minor damage 30% or less of the value of a structure; uninhabitable
Habitable Damage amounting to 15% or less of value of structure; usable for intended purpose
In the event of a tropical storm or a weak category 1 hurricane, structural damage will
probably be limited to broken glass, minor roof damage, trees uprooted, and signs and
canopies blown down. It is also anticipated that there will be ocean overwash and
soundside flooding that may damage ground floor enclosures or pre -FIRM structures.
None of this will be considered substantial enough to trigger post -disaster reconstruction
procedures and repair work will be authorized through the routine building permit
process.
However, should a strong category 2 or 3 hurricane make landfall in Dare County, then
the post -disaster reconstruction strategies will be more complicated and will vary
depending on the level of damage. Under this scenario, the potential for major damage or
destruction and major flooding increases significantly. Structures that are classified as
destroyed will be required to conform with all applicable Federal, State and local codes if
reconstructed. Structures classified as having sustained major damage will have to be
upgraded so that all repair work conforms with applicable Federal, State or local codes.
Damage classified as minor, similar to that referenced in the previous paragraph will be
authorized for repair by normal permit procedures or a general permit declared by the
Board of Commissioners.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 98

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The final reconstruction scenario involves a response to a catastrophic natural disaster
such as a landfall in Dare County by a category 4 or 5 hurricane. Widespread destruction
and the loss of the entire service infrastructure including critical roads and bridges can be
expected. The reconstruction strategy for this scenario will be articulated and lengthy.
The top priority, once damage assessment is completed, will be the restoration of essential
access routes, utility services, and medical and emergency management facilities. Once
the infrastructure has been restored, the reconstruction of all subordinate structures will be
authorized in phases. Essential commercial and primary residential structures will be the
next priority in terms of reconstruction authorization. Non -essential and secondary
residential structures will be authorized once the higher priorities have been processed.
In each case, the reconstruction of both public and private structures will be evaluated in
an effort to mitigate any features that contributed to damage or loss during the disaster.
Additionally, all reconstruction will be reviewed for compliance with all applicable
Federal, State or local regulations. This review may be by the staff planning, building, or
zoning officials or may be augmented by a recovery task force which may be designated by
the Board of Commissioners.
The following table presents the various recovery and re-entry stages and the actions that
will occur under each scenario:
Table 25 -- Recovery and Re-entry Stages
RS-5 Catastrophic damage has rendered transportation routes impassable; destroyed or
severely damaged essential communication and utility production or distribution
systems; and created dangerous debris or unsanitary conditions countywide. A state of
emergency and/or marital law remains in effect for an indefinite period of time. Re-
entry is limited to emergency response and damage assessment personnel, equipment,
vehicles, vessels, and aircraft.
RS-4 Major to intermediate damage has impacted transportation routes, communication
systems, utility production and/or distribution systems and created dangerous debris or
unsanitary conditions county -wide. A state of emergency is in effect for approximately
10 days. Re-entry is limited to emergency response and damage assessment personnel,
equipment, vehicles, vessels, and aircraft.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 99 1

11
RS-3 Intermediate to minor damage has impacted portions of transportation routes,
communication systems, utility production and/or distribution systems and created
dangerous debris or unsanitary conditions in certain portions of the County. Re-entry
will be limited to emergency response and damage assessment personnel, equipment,
vehicles and vessels in those portions of the County where the damage has occurred. In
those areas where dangerous or unsanitary conditions are not present or have abated,
re-entry will be authorized for individuals who are in vehicles displaying a Dare County
"resident" re-entry permit and service vehicles authorized a temporary entry permit. A
state of emergency is in effect for damaged areas and will be discontinued in areas
where dangerous or unsanitary conditions are no longer present.
RS-2 Minor damage or flooding has temporarily discontinued access to certain areas or
resulted in isolated disruptions of utility services. Re-entry will be authorized for all
vehicles displaying a Dare County re-entry permit and all service and supply vehicles.
There will be no restrictions on vessels or aircraft.
RS-1 All transportation routes are fully operational and all utility systems are on line.
Unlimited re-entry will be declared within 12 hours.
RS-C Unlimited re-entry is declared at daylight of the first day following condition RS-1. All
control points are dismantled and the Emergency Operation Center is de -activated.
:.:.:.::.:....:::.........:....;:.:...:... . ::..... :,:.::..:
Ei,I 2 4.3VX
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THE DARE COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS SHALL BE ULTIMATELY
RESPONSIBLE FOR SUPERVISING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF VARIOUS
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES REGARDING RE -CONSTRUCTION AND
RECOVERY AFTER A NATURAL DISASTER.
RECOVERY PRIORITY SHALL BE DIRECTED TO RESTORING OR REPAIRING
INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS SUCH AS TRANSPORTATION ROUTES,
UTILITIES AND MEDICAL AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT FACILITIES.
ONCE THE INFRASTRUCTURE HAS BEEN RESTORED, RECOVERY
PRIORITIES SHALL THEN BE DIRECTED AT ESSENTIAL COMMERCIAL AND
' PRIMARY RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES.
F7I
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Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two
Page100

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IN THE EVENT OF EXTENSIVE HURRICANE DAMAGE TO PUBLICLY -OWNED ,
UTILITIES OR OTHER IMPROVEMENTS REQUIRING REPLACEMENT OR
RECONSTRUCTION, ALTERNATIVE LOCATIONS THAT WILL MITIGATE THE
POTENTIAL FOR SIMILAR REPETITIVE LOSSES WILL BE EXAMINED AND '
IMPLEMENTED WHEREVER FEASIBLE AND PRACTICABLE.
. .::::::::...... ;::.;.:....:.::.:.::... .:..............:....:.. :.; ::......:..
..... .
P#LICY Z 3„d)..............................
.
IN THE EVENT OF A DAMAGING HURRICANE OR OTHER DISASTROUS '
EVENT, THE DARE COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS MAY DECLARE A
MORATORIUM ON ALL BUILDING PERMITS AND/OR REZONING REQUESTS
PENDING AN EVALUATION OF THE DAMAGE AND ANY RECONSTRUCTION
STRATEGIES THAT MAY SERVE TO MITIGATE FUTURE DAMAGE OR
REPETITIVE LOSSES.
1
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two Page 101 1

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2.5 Public Participation Policies
As part of the update process, a Public Participation Plan was developed and adopted by
the Board of Commissioners. The goal of the Plan was to identify strategies to provide
the citizenry of Dare County as many opportunities as possible to participate and present
input in the update process. Section 6 details the Public Participation Plan.
Prior to the initiation of the update process, the Dare County Planning Department
cosponsored a seminar with the League of Women Voters and the Friends of Roanoke
Island dealing with future land development issues. This seminar, titled "Insight 20/20",
included speakers from a broad range of expertise.
The County Planning Board meets on the second Monday of every month to discuss land
development projects, planning issues, and special topics that may be brought to the
Board's attention. These meetings are open to the public and a mailing list is maintained
by the Clerk to the Planning Board of persons wishing to receive copies of the Planning
Board's agendas.
Y(iLIGY 2 S I
THE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE ACTIVE INVOLVEMENT OF ALL INTERESTED
PERSONS IN ITS LAND USE PLANNING AND POLICY DEVELOPMENT
ACTIVITIES.
I
Implementation Strategies
1. The County will continue efforts to inform, educate, and involve the public in planning
for the future of the County, primarily through the regular and special meetings of the
Dare County Planning Board and Board of County Commissioners.
2. The County will encourage continued representation by a broad range of County
residents on its Planning Board.
3. Continue to maintain the Planning Board agenda mailing list.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Two
Page102

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Section 3 is a compilation of narratives that describe land use issues particular to each of
the villages in unincorporated Dare County. There are no policy statements included with -
these narratives but the narrative does serve to identify issues that can be expected to
demand attention during the next five years.
Village Issues
One unique feature of unincorporated Dare County is the geographic dispersion of several
unincorporated but individually distinct communities. Each of these communities although
unincorporated is identified with a village name. At the northern end of Dare County is
the village of Duck which is separated from the rest of unincorporated Dare County by the
municipalities of Southern Shores, Kitty Hawk, Kill Devil Hills, and Nags Head. To the
west of Kill Devil Hills lies the two islands that comprise the Colington area; another
separate portion of unincorporated Dare County. The village of Wanchese is located on
the very southern end of Roanoke Island. The remaining portions of Roanoke Island that
are not in the municipal boundaries of the Town of Manteo are also a part of
unincorporated Dare County. Across Croatan Sound on the Mainland area of Dare
County, there are four separate communicates known as Stumpy Point, Mashoes, East
Lake and Manns Harbor. These areas are also geographically dispersed about the
Mainland portion of Dare County. Finally, the southern beaches on Hatteras Island are all
part of unincorporated Dare County and feature seven village communities known as
Avon, Buxton, Frisco, Hatteras, Rodanthe, Salvo, and Waves.
In an effort to identify land planning issues specific to each of these village communities,
topics relevant to each particular village were included in the public opinion survey. A
narrative discussing these villages and their related issues follows below:
3.1 Colington
The most controversial issues identified in the Colington area concern the area's
relationship with the Town of Kill Devil Hills. In an unusual alliance, the Town provides
central water service to the unincorporated Colington area. However, rates impact fees,
and special assessments for the out-of-town water customers are almost double that of the
in -town customers. The residents of Colington indicated strong support for the concept
of the Dare County Water Department becoming the responsible agency for water supply
and billing administration for the Colington area.
Along the same lines, the concept of being annexed by the Town of Kill Devil Hills was
strongly opposed by the residents of Colington responding to the survey. -
Another issue examined on the survey indicated the residents of Colington advocate the
development of an use -specific zoning map for the area.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Three Page 103

Finally, concerning the issue of water access, it was agreed that additional public access
improvements are necessary including the replacement of the popular crabbing and fishing
locations at the landings of both of the bridges on SR 1217, Colington Road.
Construction of replacement bridges has generated concern that these two spots will be
lost.
3.2 Duck
The village of Duck is a mixture of newly developed up -scale residential subdivisions and
limited retail and service -oriented commercial development. In recent years, a number of
re -zoning requests have been submitted to the Planning Board seeking additional
commercial zoning in the Duck area. The issue of additional commercial zoning in Duck
was included on the survey and was overwhelmingly rejected.
An equally important issue in Duck village is community appearance and the need for
better control over commercial signage.
It is also important to note that N.C. 12, which runs through the middle of Duck village,
connects the Currituck Outer Banks to the U.S. 158/168 corridor to Virginia and points
north. During the peak season, this route is congested with local traffic and traffic
destined for the Currituck Outer Banks. Currently, there is under consideration, a
proposal to construct a new bridge from the Currituck Mainland with the Currituck Outer
Banks near the village of Corolla, thus alleviating some of the congestion on NC 12
through Duck. This proposal also received popular support in the survey questionnaire.
As a seasonal resort, Duck has become increasingly popular for water sport activities due
to the presence of the lengthy shoreline along the Currituck Sound. Competition for
water access and conflict between the various users of the water is becoming a concern in
Duck. This situation accentuates the need for properly sited and managed public access to
the sound shore in Duck.
3.3 Hatteras Island
The southern beaches of Dare County are the location of the Cape Hatteras National
Seashore and several villages that were at one time the site of life-saving stations manned
by the U.S. Coast Guard. These villages are known as Avon, Buxton, Frisco, Hatteras,
Rodanthe, Salvo, and Waves.
H
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Three Page 104 1

' The three villages of Rodanthe, Waves, and Salvo are located on the northern end of
Hatteras Island and are separated from the southern villages by miles of land which is a
' part 'of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore. There are several issues specific to these
three villages that emerged as the update process was underway.
' The primary concern is the absence of a central water supply system for this area. All of
the residents in these villages depend on private wells for their water supply. Recent
storm activity, such as the Halloween Storm of 1991 and the March 1993 "Storm of the
Century", proved that private wells are vulnerable to saltwater intrusion due to ocean and
sound overwash. From location to location, raw water quality varies but overall is
undesirable. In recognition of this situation, the Dare County Board of Commissioners
' authorized preliminary engineering work to investigate construction of a desalination
water plant and distribution system for these three villages. Public opinion about central
' water in the Rodanthe-Waves-Salvo area was measured during the update process and the
results were favorable.
' Another distinctive difference is that the residents of these particular villages do not desire
any additional land use regulations or zoning maps at this time other than the current S-1
zoning standards.
' Results of the public opinion survey also indicated the need for additional attention to
community appearance and nuisance removal throughout Hatteras Island including the
' Rodanthe, Waves, Salvo area. Many of the nuisance problems are the result of recent
storm damage and ocean overwash.
Unlike the villages on the northern end of Hatteras Island, the southern villages of Avon,
Buxton, Frisco, and Hatteras, have indicated support for the zoning initiative that
originated with S-1 zoning in 1987. Since that time, use -specific zoning maps have been
adopted for Avon, Buxton, and Hatteras villages. Work on an use -specific map for Frisco
is scheduled for 1994. The development of land adjacent to N.C. 12 which serves as the
primary transportation route through the villages has generated concern about the
proliferation of commercial signage. Concern has also been noted about maintaining the
coastal village identity through the use of architectural design standards.
Although, these villages are served by a central water supply provided by a private
corporation, the Cape Hatteras Water Association, the reliability of the central supply has
been a concern in recent months. A proposal to expand the CHWA's welifield has been
entangled in a legal dispute with a local environmental group, the Friends of Hatteras
Island. As a result, the CHWA has suspended the sale of water impact units until their
ability to provide more water has been assured. Respondents to the questionnaire
indicated satisfaction with the CHWA's management of the central water supply system.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Three
Page105

One issue specific to Hatteras Island is a proposal by the National Park Service to re- '
locate the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse. This well-known landmark has stood in its existing
location for over 120 years. After a proposal to stabilize the shoreline at the base of the '
lighthouse drew criticism from certain interest groups, the National Park Service
abandoned this stabilization proposal and opted for re -location. This issue was examined
during the update process and the Planning Board felt beach nourishment as a means of
protecting the structure in its current location was the preferable alternative.
As was the case in other parts of Dare County, the need for additional and more I
convenient access to the shoreline was identified.
3.4 Mainland I
The most important issue identified during the update process for the Mainland area was
the consideration of alternative means of wastewater treatment in the village of Stumpy
Point. Poorly drained soils and seasonal high water tables have precluded the installation
of any new septic tank systems and made it virtually impossible to sustain any growth. '
Also examined was the program by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to re -introduce the '
red wolf into the wild on the Mainland of Dare County. Survey results were mixed with a
slight indication of support for this program.
Although a majority of those responding to the survey advocated extending zoning to the '
Mainland, a substantial minority (32.6%) opposed the concept and it is not likely that the
zoning initiative for the Mainland will be a priority any time soon. '
Respondents also indicated support for widening U.S. 64 through the Mainland portion of
Dare County. '
Given the popularity of the Mainland for hunting and fishing, access to the water is also an
important issue for these communities. '
3.5 Roanoke Island
The Town of Manteo located on Roanoke Island is the only municipal government in Dare
County that owns and operates a central wastewater treatment facility. Recently, the '
Town upgraded this facility and expanded its capacity from 375,000 gallons per day (gpd)
to 600,000 gpd. The availability of excess wastewater treatment capacity increases the ,
likelihood that property owners in unincorporated portions of Roanoke Island will seek to
be connected to the Town's wastewater treatment system. This issue was examined
during the update process and it was agreed that the Town should have a plan for '
distribution of excess wastewater treatment capacity and the County should encourage the
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Three Page 106 '

1,
1
development of such a plan. The concept of involuntary annexations of unincorporated
portions of Roanoke Island was not well received by the survey respondents.
On the topic of zoning, residents of Roanoke Island were questioned about expanded
commercial zoning on Roanoke Island and establishing a zoning map for Wanchese
village. Although there was support for the concept of a zoning map for the village of
Wanchese, the Planning Board felt zoning for Wanchese should be pursued only if there
was a much stronger indication of support then what was indicated in the survey results.
The idea of expanding the commercial zoning on Roanoke Island was clearly and strongly
opposed. The need for better standards for commercial signage was indicated on the
survey.
One major transportation issue that affects all of Roanoke Island concerns U.S. Highway
64/264. Two proposals have been under consideration. One would widen the existing
route to four lanes. The other proposal involves the construction of a new bridge from the
intersection of U.S. 64 and U.S. 264 on the Mainland across the Croatan Sound to the
intersection of U.S. 64/264 and N.C. 345 on Roanoke Island. This so-called "Gateway to
Midway" bridge is the preferred alternative of the County. Although, a new boat launching
facility was recently completed at the base of the Washington Baum Bridge, the need for
additional public water access was also a factor on Roanoke Island.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Three Page 107

Section Four:
Land Classification

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' 4.1 Purpose of Land Classification and Relationship to Policies
' A land classification system has been developed as a means of assisting in the
implementation of the policies included in the Dare County Land Use Plan. The
delineation of land classes on a map enables the local government to specify the areas
' where certain policies are applicable. Although specific areas are outlined on a land
classification map, it must be emphasized that land classification is merely a tool to help
with policy implementation and is not a strict regulatory mechanism. The designation of
' land classes allows the County to illustrate its policy statements as to where and at what
density growth will likely occur, and where natural and cultural resources will be
' conserved by managing growth. Where the County has enacted zoning controls which
apply in the various land classification areas, appropriate land uses are specified by the
zoning map and ordinance.
' The CAMA guidelines suggest a general format for the land classification system, but
local governments may modify the system within reason to meet local area needs.
4.2 Land Classification System
' The CAMA land use planning standards provide for seven different land classifications of
which six are being used in Dare County. Also, two sub -classes have been identified for
use by Dare County. These land classifications are shown on the land classification map
and are described in narrative form as follows:
' Developed -- The purpose of the developed class is to provide for continued intensive
development and redevelopment of existing cities, towns, and their urban environs.
In Dare County, this classification applies to the incorporated towns of Kill Devil Hills,
Kitty Hawk, Manteo, Nags Head, Southern Shores and the subdivision known as Martins
Point which is subject to the extraterritorial planning and zoning provisions of the Town of
Southern Shores.
' Urban Transition -- The purpose of the urban transition class is to provide for future
intensive urban development on lands that are suitable and that will be provided with the
' necessary urban services to support intense urban development.
Two distinct areas of unincorporated Dare County fit the characteristics of an urban
transition class as defined in the CAMA guidelines.
' Dare Coun Land Use Plan Section Four Page 108
tY g

I I
The first is that portion of unincorporated Dare County that lies adjacent to the Town of '
Kill Devil Hills. This area extends approximately 1 mile west of the Town boundaries
along SR 1217 and includes the Baum Bay Harbor Subdivision as well as other mixed uses '
such as a concrete plant, an auto repair shop, a restaurant, and a campground/mobile
home park. The entire area is serviced by the Dare County Regional Water System and
lies within the service range of a large privately -owned central wastewater treatment plant. '
The "spillover" of urbanization associated with this land's proximity to the Town of Kill
Devil Hills clearly indicates land in a state of transition moving in the direction of
urbanization. I
The second portion of urban transition in unincorporated Dare County lies between the
southern boundary of the Town of Manteo and the annexed Pirates Cove development. '
This land is currently served by the Dare County Regional Water System and the
collection lines for the recently expanded Manteo wastewater treatment system have been
installed along the U.S. 64/264 right-of-way all the way to Pirates Cove. The availability '
of central wastewater treatment increases the likelihood that this portion of
unincorporated Dare County will be the subject of annexation requests and increased
urbanization.
Limited Transition -- The purpose of the Limited Transition Class is to provide for '
development in areas that will have some services, but are suitable for lower densities than
those associated with the Urban Transition Class, and/or are geographically remote from '
existing towns and municipalities.
There are four portions of unincorporated Dare County for which the limited transition
classification is appropriate. Each of the areas are experiencing a trend toward
development from a state of raw land. The level of development varies from the village of
Duck, where almost all the available land has been platted to Hatteras Island where a great
deal of unplatted land remains. In each case, certain urban -style services are available but
the full range of those services that might be found in an urban setting are not present or
planned. This is particularly true concerning central wastewater treatment, which is not '
available or planned except in a limited capacity in private ownership. A more detailed
discussion of each of these areas follows:
Duck/Sanderling -- This area located north of the Southern Shores town limits '
experienced much of its growth during the 1980s. A number of new subdivisions were
recorded and quickly developed with expensive second homes. Early in the 1980s, a '
zoning map was adopted for this area and only a limited amount of land was zoned for
commercial use. The result is a mix of clustered retail -oriented shopping areas and mostly
single family residential homes with a few multi -family developments. '
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Four Page 109 ,

' Colington -- This portion of unincorporated Dare County is comprised of two soundside
islands located west of the Town of Kill Devil Hills. Traditionally, this area has been a
village -oriented community with a history of commercial fishing. However, like most of
Dare County, the area has been changing as land values have increased and a large
subdivision known as Colington Harbour has continued to develop. The residential
' development is primarily year-round residents with a mixture of long-term rental homes.
Along SR 1217, Colington Road, there is a scattering of homes and businesses. The area
is served by the Dare County Regional Water System but is dependent on septic tanks for
wastewater treatment.
Hatteras Island --All of the seven unincorporated villages on Hatteras Island fit the
characteristics of the limited transition class. The only exception to this designation is the
area in Buxton village that is zoned SED-1 and the land which is included in the SED-1
buffer zone as described in the Dare County Zoning Ordinance. The villages, dispersed
' throughout the length of the island are surrounded _ by the Cape Hatteras National
Seashore and the Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge. During the 1980s, large tracts of
previously undeveloped land in private ownership were subdivided and developed mostly
into second homes and rental cottages. In addition, several Jarge subdivisions which had
been recorded in the 1960s and 1970s also began to be developed in the same fashion.
' The majority of the commercial development found in these villages is directed to serving
the tourist population. Central water is available for the four southern most villages of
Avon, Buxton, Frisco, and Hatteras from a privately-opefated firm, the Cape Hatteras
' Water Association. The three northern villages, Rodanthe, Waves, and Salvo, currently
rely on private wells for potable water. However, the preliminary engineering work for
the construction of a desalination plant to service this area is underway. Once on-line,
' water service for this area will be managed by the Dare County Water Department.
Roanoke Island -- The portion of Roanoke Island that borders the Town of Manteo's
northern most boundary is also classified as limited transition. The reason for this
classification is that this area is served by central water from the Dare County Regional
Water System. The area includes several subdivisions located along SR 1123, (Burnside
' Road), the Dare County Detention Center and other County facilities located on SR 1118,
(Driftwood Drive.)
' Community -- The purpose of the communityclass is to provide for clustered, mixed lan
d
uses at low densities to help meet the housing, shopping, employment and other needs in
rural areas.
I
' Dare CountyLand Use Plan Section Four Page110

Two areas of unincorporated Dare County can be assigned this land classification.
The first area is the southern portion of Roanoke Island beginning at the intersection of
U.S 64/264 and N.0 345. This area includes the village of Wanchese. The residential
development in the area is mostly year-round residents. The commercial development
reflects the area's tradition of boat building and commercial fishing with some retail
facilities dedicated to serving the immediate community's needs. The entire area relies on
private wells for drinking water and on -site septic tanks for wastewater treatment. The
Wanchese Seafood Industrial Park is located within this area and does feature some urban -
style services for the few businesses located within the complex. However, this project,
built in the 1970s by the State of North Carolina, has failed to reach its intended potential,
due to the unreliability of the access through Oregon Inlet.
The second Community land classification is used for the four villages located on the
Mainland portion of Dare County. These villages known as Manns Harbor, Stumpy Point,
Mashoes, and East Lake are largely rural in character but do feature some commercial
development which focuses on the needs of the immediate area. The villages are mostly
surrounded by Federally -owned lands which are either part of the Alligator River National
Wildlife refuge or part of the U.S. Navy or Air Force bombing ranges. The residents of
these villages rely on private wells and septic tanks.
Community Residential -- This is a sub -class of the Community land class and is intended
to provide for primarily single family residential and passive recreational land uses. This
sub -classification is applied to the northern portion of Roanoke Island outside of the Dare
County Regional Water System service district. No central water and sewer services are
available in this sub -class.
Rural -- The rural class is to provide for agriculture, forestry, mineral extraction, and
other allied uses traditionally associated with an agrarian region. Other land uses, due to
their noxious or hazardous nature and negative impacts on adjacent uses may also be
appropriate here if sited in a manner that minimizes their negative effect on surrounding
land uses or natural resources.
In unincorporated Dare County, this classification can be applied to the remaining lands on
the Mainland that are not publicly -owned or included in the Community land class.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Four Page 111

' Conservation -- The purpose of the conservation class is to provide for the effective long-
term management and protection of significant, limited, or irreplaceable areas.
Management is needed due to the natural, cultural, recreational, scenic, or natural
productive values of both local and more than local concern.
Areas in unincorporated Dare County that are classified as Conservation include all
CAMA AECs such as but not limited to coastal wetlands, public trust waters, estuarine
waters, etc. and all Federal and State-owned lands including the Cape Hatteras National
' Seashore, the Fort Raleigh complex, the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, and
portions of Buxton Woods. The only Federally -owned area that is not included in the
Conservation class is a section of the bombing range located on the Dare County
' Mainland. Also included in the Conservation class are freshwater wetland tracts that are
greater than one contiguous acre in size.
Limited Conservation -- This is a sub -class of the Conservation class. The purpose of this
sub -class is to provide for the management and long-term viability of essentially
undisturbed land that is compatible with a limited range of uses under a specified set of
guidelines. Land placed in the Limited Conservation sub -class may include maritime
forests, heavily wooded areas, and freshwater wetland areas that do not exceed one
contiguous acre in size.
' All privately -owned land in the Buxton Woods maritime forest has been designated as
Limited Conservation. Also, the area that is included in the SED-1 buffer zone is
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classified Limited Conservation.
A section of the bombing range located on the Dare County mainland is included in the
' Limited Conservation sub -class. This section is referred to as the "staging area" of the
bombing range and has been specifically given the Limited Conservation sub -class at the
request of the U.S. Air Force officials. This request by the Air Force is being honored to
' enable the Air Force to remove target debris from the range that in the past could not be
accessed due to the absence of a staging area.
' Tracts of land that feature pockets of disconnected or isolated freshwater wetlands will be
classified based on their use potential and the wetland pockets internal to such tracts shall
' be classified Limited Conservation. Due to the ever -changing definition of a freshwater
wetland and the difficulty associated with mapping wetland soils, this narrative will
describe these soils for classification purposes and as such areas are delineated, they will
' be considered Limited Conservation.
Development in ' the Limited Conservation class should be limited to single-family
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residential structures and service -oriented commercial uses.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Four Page 112

In areas classified Limited Conservation and zoned as a Special Environmental District or '
included in the Special Environmental District buffer zone as described in the Dare County
Zoning Ordinance, development shall be consistent with the standards of the Special '
Environmental District.
In areas classified Limited Conservation and not zoned as a Special Environmental '
District, development, -land clearing activities, and the alteration of freshwater wetlands
shall be consistent with the standards of the applicable zoning district, the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers Nationwide Permit Program, or the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers '
Section 404 jurisdictional soils permit program. In the event of conflicting standards, the
more stringent standard shall be applied.
4.3 Interpreting the Land Classification Map I
The Land Classification Map included with this Plan provides a general description of the
location of each of the land classifications established in this section. This map should not
be used for site specific interpretive purposes, its scale precludes such detailed use. Site
specific questions or determinations concerning properties described on the Land '
Classification Map should be directed to the Dare County Planning Department.
Throughout unincorporated Dare County, there are both coastal and freshwater wetlands '
that have not been mapped and are not identified on the Land Classification Map. Those
coastal wetlands that lie within the estuarine shoreline AEC have been approximately
illustrated by the color -coding on the map. Certain isolated freshwater wetlands are not ,
illustrated on the Land Classification Map due to the fact that the delineation of these soils
has not been completed; the soils have not been mapped or the criteria for delineation has
changed. In any case, when freshwater wetland pockets that do not exceed one ,
contiguous acre of area are identified, they shall be classified as Limited Conservation.
Freshwater wetland areas greater than one contiguous acre in size shall be classified t
Conservation.
As previously noted in the 1987 LUP, the Dare County Board of Commissioners indicated '
the desire to clarify a long running dispute concerning the site of the Globe Fish Company
docks. It is the position of the Board of Commissioners that this site is a natural deep
water port and has been in use for shipping and harbor activities prior to all regulatory '
agencies or land planning documents and the site continues to hold potential for
commercial shipping, loading, and barge docking uses. Given the historical background of
this site, it is the Board's opinion that the best land class for this site is Limited Transition ,
despite the presence of indicators that might otherwise lead to the placement of this tract
in a more restrictive land classification.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Four ,
Page113

Section Five:
Intergovernmental
Coordination and
Implementation

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Intergovernmental Coordination and Implementation
The policies contained in the 1987 Land Use Plan were compared to the policies included
in the Land Use Plans of the five local municipalities in Dare County in an effort to
determine the level of consistency between the policies in Dare County Plan and the
municipal plans. This consistency analysis was one of the first steps undertaken in the
update process. Once the policy statements for the updated version were established, an
analysis of the updated policies and the municipal policy positions was made. Whenever
possible, the policies proposed for the update were drafted to be consistent with the
policies contained in Towns' plans. In certain instances, it is not possible for a consistent
policy due to the difference between the various levels of government and their respective
levels of responsibility. One example is wastewater treatment. Dare County advocates
the use of on -site septic tank/drainfield systems while the Town of Manteo has a central
wastewater treatment system and does not allow the installation of on -site septic tank
systems. Appendix B contains the two policy analyses.
During preparation of this Plan, the proposed policy statements were circulated to various
State and Federal agencies and the other local governments in Dare County for. their
comments. In addition, a policy analysis workshop was conducted with representatives
from these various organizations invited to attend and participate in the workshop. A
listing of the agencies sent draft policy statements follows below:
• National Park Service
• U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
• Soil and Water Conservation Service
• N.C. Division of Coastal Management
• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- Regulatory Branch, Wilmington District
• N.C. Dept. of Transportation - First District Engineer's Office
• Dare County Health Department
• Town of Manteo
• Town of Nags Head
• Town of Kill Devil Hills
• Town of Kitty Hawk
• Town of Southern Shores
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Five
Page114

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Introduction
From the beginning of the update process, the Dare County Planning Board and staff set
out to ensure that the citizens and property owners in Dare County would have a role. In
order to involve both residents and non-resident property owners, a Public Participation
Plan was developed and adopted. The Plan itself is included as a portion of this section in
the pages that follow. Although, the actual implementation varied somewhat from the
prescribed Plan, public participation opportunities were frequent throughout the update
process.
Dare County Public Participation Plan
Since its inception, North Carolina's Coastal Area Management Act Program has placed a
high level of emphasis on public participation in the development of local land use plans
and policies. The intent is to ensure that the resulting plan and policies reflect, as closely
as possible, the will of the people in the community.
Meaningful public involvement will be an important element in preparing an updated land
use plan for growth and development in Dare County. For the public involvement
program to be effective, two key factors will be included: 1) public education and 2)
public input.
The most effective format for public involvement includes this two-way communication
between citizens and local officials.
' The public involvement strategy employed for the Dare County Land Use Plan will
provide numerous opportunities for effective communication. First and foremost will be
the appointment of the County Planning Board as the steering committee for the Plan.
This seven member board is appointed by the County Commissioners and represents
various interests and geographic areas of the County.
The Planning Board will have an active leadership role throughout the preparation of the
Land Use Plan. The Board's role will be particularly critical during the formulation of the
Growth Policies and the Land Classification Map. In this capacity, the Planning Board
will be invited to offer local perspectives, providing input on the accuracy of information
gathered and feedback on the recommendations given. All Planning Board meetings will
be open to the public and will be designed specifically to garner public input in an
organized constructive fashion.
The following is a summary of program phases and key meetings for public involvement in
the preparation of the Dare County Land Use Plan.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Six Page 115

1. Strategy Development/Public Participation Plan
The first priority in carrying out the public participation program for the Land Use Plan
will be to discuss a proposed strategy and receive approval of the planning process for
citizen involvement. During this phase, the planning consultant, the County staff, the
Planning Board, and the County Commissioners will each have constructive roles in
preparing, reviewing, and approving the proposed planning and public involvement
strategy.
Public Meetings to Be Held During This Phase
June 21, 1993 County Commissioners Dare County Annex Building, Manteo
2. Questionnaire
An integral part of the public participation plan for Dare County will be the results of a
mail -in questionnaire especially prepared for the land use plan. Developed in cooperation
with the East Carolina University -Regional Development Institute, the questionnaire was
sent to some 11,000 unincorporated Dare County property owners, including both
permanent residents, second home owners and others with a stake in the future of Dare
County. The questionnaire included some 80 questions about the future of the County,
and contained special sections focusing on specific sub -areas of the County. Upon
compiling the returns, the results will be presented for discussion with the Planning Board
and the County Commissioners. Survey results will also be made available to the news
media. In addition, reprints of the survey results will be available at various locations in
the County for public inspection and review. The survey results, when used in conjunction
with other sources of public input, will provide a good foundation for discussion and
policy development at the Planning Board and County Commissioner level.
Public Meetings to Be Held During This Phase
July 12, 1993 County Planning Board Dare County Annex Building, Manteo
July 19, 1993 County Commissioners Dare County Annex Building, Manteo
3. Issue Identification by the Public
Issue identification for the Dare County Land Use Plan will consist of a series of three
public meetings held at strategic locations in geographically dispersed parts of the County.
Kitty Hawk
Buxton
Manteo
North Beaches
Hatteras Island
Roanoke Island/ Mainland
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Six Page 116
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All three meetings will be clustered within a single week period ("Future of Dare Week")
to maximize public exposure and media attention. Each of these meetings will be hosted
by the Planning Board. Notices will be printed in newspapers of general circulation in the
County, including the Coastland Times and the Virginian Pilot. Public service
announcements. will be sent to local radio stations for airing in advance of the meetings.
The purpose of these meetings will be to provide the public with the opportunity to make
their concerns known about growth and development issues facing the County. The intent
will be to accomplish this task as early as possible in the planning process, so that these
concerns might be recorded and used as a foundation for the preparation of the plan.
The complete listing and ranking of all issues identified at the meetings will be presented
to the Planning Board for discussion and review. This written tabulation of growth issues
will also be made available for public inspection and review.
Public Meetings to Be Held During This Phase
June 28, 1993 Public Input Meeting No. 1 Cape Hatteras School, Buxton
June 29, 1993 Public Input Meeting No. 2 Dare County Annex Building, Manteo
June 30, 1993 Public Input Meeting No. 3 Kitty Hawk Town Hall
July 1, 1993 County Planning Board Dare County Administrative Building,
discussion of public input Manteo
4. Leadership Interviews
During this phase, the consulting planner, working with logistical support from the County
Planning Department, will conduct a series of personal interviews with approximately 10
local leaders from various walks of life and areas of knowledge in Dare County. The
purpose of the interview will be to gain in-depth insights into various concerns about
future growth and development in the County. Each interviewee will be encouraged to
focus on any specific issue that they wish to amplify. Specific comments will not be
attributed to any one individual so as to encourage candid responses and assure
anonymity. Following the interviews, a summary of several of the common threads
running throughout the interviews will be presented for discussion with the Planning
Board.
Interviews will be conducted during the afternoons of June 28, 29, and 30, coinciding with
the "Future of Dare Week" public input meetings conducted during the evenings of those
same days.
' Dare County Land Use Plan Section Six
Page117

5. Plan and Policy Development Work Session
With the results of the initial public input in hand, the consulting planner, working closely
with the County Planning staff, will prepare a draft set of Growth Policies. These draft
policies will then be reviewed by the Planning Board in a special, all day work session
designed to give the Board the opportunity to review the entire set of proposed policies at
one sitting, thereby better understanding the way in which the policies interrelate. At the
same time, this initial session will lend itself to policy modification, deletions, or additions,
as the Board may see fit.
A second element of the plan, also examined during this meeting, will be the proposed
Land Classification Map. A preliminary map will be prepared using washable markers on
an acetate overlay. This technique will allow for instant changes to the map in accordance
with directives received from the Planning Board during the meeting. Based on the initial
all day work session, a revised set of Policies and a Land Classification Map will then be
prepared.
Public Meetings to Be Held During This Phase
TBA, sometime in County Planning Board All Day Work Session on Policies and
July or August 1993 Land Classification Map
6. Work Session on Implementation Actions
A third element of the plan prepared during a second all day work session with the
Planning Board will be the Implementation Actions section. As was the case with the
draft policies, the consulting planner will work closely with the County Planning staff to
prepare the draft implementation actions. Unlike the County's previous land use plans,
however, this plan section will be prepared as a separate element, allowing this section to
be updated on an annual basis without altering the balance of the plan.
Public Meetings to Be Held During This Phase
TBA, sometime in County Planning Board All Day Work Session on Implementation
August 1993 Actions
Following completion of these work sessions, a revised draft of the policies, map and
implementation actions will be prepared in accordance with the directives and comments
of the Planning Board. Also at this point, a full narrative for the policy section will be
prepared for Planning Board review.
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Six Page 118
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' 7. Work Session to Review Policy Narrative
' Upon completion of a draft narrative to accompany the policy statements, the entire
document, including research, policies with narrative, land classification, and
implementation actions will be compiled into a complete draft plan for Planning Board
review in a third work session. Revisions would be made accordingly.
Public Meetings to Be Held During This Phase
' TBA, sometime in County Planning Board Work Session to review draft narrative
September 1993
' 8. Public Review of Draft Plan
' An open public meeting, (or meetings) will be hosted by the Planning Board, in which
public comments on the draft policies and land classification map will be received and
' noted.
Public Meetings to Be Held During This Phase
' TBA, sometime in Public Input Meeting(s) Locations(s) TBA
September 1993
9. Work Session to Review Public Comments and Make a Recommendation
In a fourth work session, the Planning Board will consider appropriate responses and
adjustments to the plan based on public comments received. Provided that all public
comments can be successfully addressed, the Planning Board would then make a
' recommendation upon the plan, with the intent of moving the plan forward to the County
Commissioners for consideration of preliminary approval.
' Public Meetings to Be Held During This Phase
TBA, sometime in County Planning Board Dare County Annex Building, Manteo
late Sept. early Oct. discussion of public input
' 10.
Presentation of Land Use Plan to the County Commissioners
' The recommended plan would be forwarded to the County Commissioners from the
Planning Board for consideration of approval, or approval contingent upon changes.
' Note: such preliminary approval does not constitute official adoption of the plan, which
can only occur following a formal public hearing in accordance with CAMA requirements.
' Public Meetings to Be Held During This Phase
Date TBA, County Commissioners Dare County Annex Building, Manteo
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Six Page 119

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11 County Commissioners Adoption of Plan (Public Hearing)
The County Commissioners will hold a formal public hearing to present the plan for a final
time for public review and comment. Notice of the meeting will be in accordance with
requirements for public hearings for the local adoption of CAMA Land Use Plans, as well
as the County's normal protocol. Adoption of the plan will be contingent, as necessary,
upon the preparation of final revisions made in accordance with directives received from
the County Commissioners. The plan will be then submitted to the Coastal Resources
Commission for certification by that body.
Public Meetings to Be Held During This Phase
Date TBA, Public Hearing by the Dare County Annex Building, Manteo
Board of County
Commissioners for
consideration of adoption
The following table summarizes the planning process by month from initial organization to
the final public hearing for adoption
Tentative Schedule of Public Participation Opportunities
Dare County Land Use Plan
MONTH OPPORTUNITY FOR PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
June 93 1. Strategy Development/Public Participation Plan
June 2. Questionnaires
June 3. Issue Identification by the Public
June 4. Leadership Interviews
July or Aug. 5. Plan and Policy Development Work Sessions
Aug. 6. Work Session on Implementation Actions
Sept. 7. Work Session to Review Policy Narrative
Sept. 8. Public Review of Draft Plan
Sept./Oct. 9. Work Session to Review Public Comments and Make a
Recommendation
TBA 10. Presentation of Land Use Plan to the County Commissioners
TBA 11. State Review & Comment/Prepare Revisions as Appropriate
TBA 12. County Commissioners Adoption of Plan (Public Hearing)
Dare County Land Use Plan Section Six Page 120

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' APPENDIX A
ANALYSIS OF 1987 LUP POLICIES AND IMPLEMENTATION ACTIVITIES
ISECTION 2 POLICIES FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
2.1 RESOURCE PROTECTION
' Policy 2.1.1 Constraints to Development
2.1.1 (a) DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE ADMINISTRATION AND
' ENFORCEMENT OF TITLE 10, CHAPTER 10, SUBCHAPTER 10-A, SECTION
.1900 OF THE LAWS AND RULES FOR SANITARY SEWAGE COLLECTION,
TREATMENT, AND DISPOSAL. IN DOING SO, IT IS THE COUNTY'S INTENT
TO PROTECT EXISTING GROUNDWATER RESOURCES, THE NATURAL
CONDITIONS OF ESTUARINE WATERS, AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH, SAFETY
AND GENERAL WELFARE.
' Implementation Action
1. The County will continue to enforce the minimum State standards for septic tank and
nitrification field systems, through the Dare County Board of Health and staff
sanitarians.
Response #1
This policy has been fully implemented through the County's continued commitment to
enforce the minimum State standards and regulations for septic tank and nitrification
' field systems through the Dare County Board of Health and staff.
' 2.1.1(b) DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE ADMINISTRATION AND
ENFORCEMENT OF ALL APPLICABLE FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT
REGULATIONS, AND THE NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM.
' Implementation Action
1. The County will continue to enforce the Federal Emergency Management Agency
guidelines for construction in special flood hazard zones and N.C. Building Code
specifications for coastal construction.
Response #1
The policy has been fully implemented, the County continues to staff personnel
responsible for the administration and enforcement of FEMA regulations and the N.C.
' Building Codes.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 121
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Policy 2.1.2 Areas of Environmental Concern I
2.1.2 (a) COASTAL WETLANDS -- DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS REASONABLE ,
EFFORTS BY ALL FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES TO PROTECT
AND PRESERVE THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC VALUES OF
COASTAL WETLANDS. '
Implementation Actions
1. The County supports CAMA use standards for Coastal Wetland AECs as identified '
under 15 NCAC7H, Sections .0205 and .0208. Highest priority of use shall be
allocated to the conservation of existing coastal wetlands. Second priority of coastal
wetland use shall be given to those types of development activities that require water ,
access and cannot function elsewhere. Examples of acceptable land uses may include
utility easements, fishing piers, docks, and agricultural uses, such as farming and
forestry drainage, as permitted under the N.C. Dredge and Fill Act and/or other
applicable laws.
Response #1 ,
The County has fully implemented this policy by employing staff personnel responsible for
the administration and enforcement of CAMA rules and regulations.
2. The County will continue to administer the CAMA local permit enforcement program
and maintain the staff Local Permit Officer. '
Response #2
The County does give priority rating to the conservation of coastal wetlands and limits '
land uses in such areas to activities that require water access.
2.1.2 (b) ESTUARINE WATERS -- DARE COUNTY SHALL DISCOURAGE ,
DEVELOPMENTS THAT HAVE A HIGH PROBABILITY OF SERIOUSLY
IMPACTING THE WATER QUALITY OR ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES OF THE
ESTUARINE RESOURCE FROM LOCATING ADJACENT TO ESTUARINE '
WATERS.
Implementation Actions '
1. The County supports CAMA use standards for Coastal Wetland AECs as identified
under 15 NCAC7H, Sections .0206 and .0208. Highest priority of use shall be
allocated to the conservation of estuarine waters and its vital components. Second '
priority of estuarine waters use shall be given to those types of development activities
that require water access and which cannot function elsewhere, such as simple access
channels; structures to prevent erosion; navigation channels; boat docks, marinas, piers, '
wharves, and mooring pilings.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 122 '
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Response #1
Dare County supports CAMA regulations and prioritizes the use of estuarine waters
with conservation being the highest desirable use and water dependent uses ranking
second in priority.
2. The County will establish zoning classifications in those parts of Dare County currently
unzoned in an effort to reduce the potential for incompatible development adjacent to
estuarine waters.
Response #2
Since the 1987 update of the LUP, the County has made slow but steady progress in
establishing zoning maps for the unzoned areas of the County: All of Hatteras Island and
the areas of Colington outside of the Colington Harbour Subdivision were zoned S-1 in
1987. This district permits all uses but does establish setback requirements. Use -specific
zoning maps have been adopted for three villages on Hatteras Island; Hatteras village in
1991, Avon in 1992 and Buxton in 1993.
2.1.2 (c) PUBLIC TRUST AREAS --IT IS THE POLICY OF DARE COUNTY TO
PROTECT PUBLIC RIGHTS FOR NAVIGATION AND RECREATION, AND TO
PRESERVE AND MANAGE PUBLIC TRUST AREAS SO AS TO SAFEGUARD AND
PERPETUATE THEIR BIOLOGICAL, ECONOMIC, AND AESTHETIC VALUE.
Implementation Actions
1. Dare County supports the CAMA use standards for public trust areas as contained in
15NCAC7H, Sections .0207 and .0208. In the absence of overriding public benefit,
any use which significantly interferes with the public right of navigation or other public
trust rights which the public may be found to have in these areas shall not be allowed.
The development of navigational channels or drainage ditches, the use of bulkheads to
prevent erosion, and the building of piers, wharves, or marinas are examples of uses
that may be acceptable within public trust areas, provided that such use will not be
detrimental to the public trust rights and the biological and physical functions of the
estuary.
Response #1
The County continues to support the CAMA regulations that govern public trust
waters.
2. A Dare County Waterways Commission will be established in an effort to provide for
maintenance of existing waterways and harbors and to provide for additional access to
these waters.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A
Page 123
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Response #2
This aspect of the implementation actions has been fully implemented with the creation
of the Oregon Inlet and Waterways Commission which manages the maintenance of the
waterways in Dare County and works toward providing additional areas for access to
the water. Funds for maintenance dredging in Colington were secured by the OIWC in
1991. The OIWC continues to lobby for the construction of jetties to protect Oregon
Inlet.
2.1.2 (d) ESTUARINE SHORELINES -- DEVELOPMENT ALONG ESTUARINE
SHORELINES SHALL BE ACCOMPLISHED IN A MANNER THAT PRESERVES
THE LONG-TERM NATURAL INTEGRITY OF THE ESTUARINE SHORELINE.
EXCEPTIONS TO THIS POLICY SHALL BE MADE ON A CASE -BY -CASE BASIS
IN ACCORDANCE WITH CAMA STANDARDS.
Implementation Action
1. Dare County supports the CAMA use standards for estuarine shoreline AECs as stated
in 15NCAC7H, Section .0209. All development projects, proposals, and designs shall
substantially preserve and not weaken or eliminate natural barriers to erosion. All
other specific development standards for estuarine shoreline AECs as contained in
Section .0209 shall be adhered to in reviewing site plans for specific development
proposals.
Response #1
Dare County continues to enforce the CAMA standards that pertain to development on
estuarine shorelines when reviewing site plans and subdivision plats.
2.1.2 (e) OCEAN HAZARD AREAS -- DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES IN OCEAN
ERODIBLE AREAS, HIGH HAZARD FLOOD AREAS, AND INLET HAZARD
AREAS SHALL BE CAREFULLY CONTROLLED. IF DEVELOPMENT MUST
OCCUR IN THESE AREAS, SUCH DEVELOPMENT SHOULD BE OF A LMTED
DENSITY AND SCALE, AND SHOULD RESPECT THE INTEGRITY OF THE
DUNE SYSTEM.
Implementation Actions
1. Dare County supports the CAMA use standards for ocean hazard areas as contained in
5NCAC7H, Sections .0306 and .0310. These standards fully describe appropriate
development within the ocean hazard system of AECs, and all prospective developers
and owners are encouraged to consult with these standards prior to considering
development in such areas.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 124
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IResponse #1
The County supports the CAMA use standards for ocean hazard areas.
2. Dare County will continue to enforce the CAMA local permit program, including the
staff necessary for enforcement, and will consider the establishment of zoning districts
'
in those parts of Dare County currently without zoning guidelines in an effort to
ensure the compatibility of future uses with the unique environmental features of these
areas.
'
Response #2
The County currently has staff personnel responsible for the administration and
'
enforcement of CAMA and FEMA rules that are applicable to the ocean AECs and will
continue to enforce and support the applicable CAMA rules for development in these
areas. Progress toward zoning the unzoned portions of Dare County is slow but on-
going.
2.1.2 (f) PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY AECs -- DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS ALL
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APPROPRIATE ACTIONS TO PRESERVE AND PROTECT THE LONG-TERM
VIABILITY OF THE GROUNDWATER AQUIFERS SERVING DARE COUNTY.
Implementation Action
1. Dare County supports the CAMA use standards for public water supply wellfield AECs
'
as contained in 15NCAC71-, Section .0406.
Response #1
The County currently enforces the CAMA standards on public water supply AECs.
2.1.2 (g) NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCE AREAS -- DARE COUNTY
ENCOURAGES THE IDENTIFICATION AND PROPER LONG-TERM
MANAGEMENT OF FRAGILE COASTAL, NATURAL, AND CULTURAL
RESOURCE AREAS AS DEFINED IN NCAC711, SECTION .0500.
Implementation Action
1. At a special meeting of the Dare County Board of Commissioners held on March 1,
1988, the Board adopted a new zoning classification for the Buxton Woods area
known as "Special Environmental District No. V The effect of this action was to
initiate stronger local control over the future land use and development of the Buxton
Woods
area.
' Response #1
This action has been completely implemented with the adoption of the SED-1 district.
The County continues to manage development to the Buxton Woods maritime forest
under the SED-1 zoning regulations. These management activities include site plan
review for individual residential lot development.
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Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A
Page 125

Policy 2.1.3 Other Hazardous or Fragile Land Areas I
2.1.3(a) FRESHWATER SWAMPS AND MARSHES -- DARE COUNTY WILL ,
CONTINUE TO SUPPORT THE EFFORTS OF THE CAMA PROGRAM AND THE
U.S. CORPS OF ENGINEERS 404 PERMITTING PROGRAM TO PROMOTE
PROPER USE AND DEVELOPMENT IN SENSITIVE FRESHWATER SWAMP AND '
MARSH AREAS.
Implementation Actions ,
1. Dare County will continue to support any studies and actions which promote a better
understanding of the potential impacts of peat mining on the County's extensive areas
of freshwater marsh. ,
Response #1
The County reviews any reports or information to help us better understand the practice
of peat mining.
2. Dare County will make use of the National Wetlands Inventory Maps in helping to '
interpret the County's Land Classification Map, specifically concerning Conservation
areas.
R ' esponse #2
To our knowledge, the National Wetlands Inventory Maps for Dare County have never '
been completed. Therefore, this action has not been implemented.
3. Dare County will assist the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in reviewing community I
easements and driveway requests across wetland areas.
Response #3 '
The County continues to work with the Corps of Engineers on reviewing community
access easements and driveway requests.
2.1.3 (b) MARITIME FORESTS -- MARITIME FORESTS IN DARE COUNTY
SHALL RECEIVE A HIGH LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION WHEN
CONSIDERING PROPOSED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR USES. WHEN '
DEVELOPMENT IS CONSIDERED, PREFERRED USES SHALL BE FOR LOW
INTENSITY DEVELOPMENT.
Implementation Action '
1. In March 1988, the Dare County Board of Commissioners adopted a new zoning
classification for the Buxton Woods area. This "Special Environmental District"
was designed specifically to address the resource management needs of the maritime
forest which comprises Buxton Woods. '
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 126 1

IResponse #1
The County continues to enforce the strict requirements of the SED-1 zoning district
' for Buxton Woods: Land disturbing permits and site plan review for individual
residential lot development are part of the regulatory program.
' 2.1.3 (c) CULTURAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCES --THE IDENTIFICATION,
PROTECTION, AND RESTORATION OF STRUCTURES AND SITES OF
HISTORIC AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE SHALL BE ENCOURAGED.
Implementation Action
1. Recognizing that the resources of the State Historic Preservation office are limited, the
' County welcomes further investigations of cultural, historic, and archaeological sites
that may be located within the planning jurisdiction of the County.
' Response #2
Additional information was added to the LUP in Section 2.2.8 that also addresses
' cultural, historic and archeological sites and lands. Please see this section for
discussion.
' 2.1.3. (d) MANMADE HAZARDS -- THE DEVELOPMENT OF DARE COUNTY'S
AIRPORTS AND THE SURROUNDING AREAS SHALL BE CAREFULLY
REVIEWED TO MINIMIZE POTENTIAL LAND USE CONFLICTS AND
' HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS. THE COUNTY SHALL ALSO CONTINUE TO
WORK WITH THE MILITARY TO M[INIMIZE NOISE CONFLICTS AND
HAZARDOUS FLIGHT PATHS OVER DEVELOPED AREAS.
Implementation Action
No action was included in 1987 update.
Policy 2.1.4 Hurricane and Flood Evacuation -- see Section 2.5 for discussion
Policy 2.1.5 Protection of Potable Water Supply
' PROTECTION OF POTABLE WATER SUPPLY -- THE COUNTY'S
1 GROUNDWATER RESOURCES SHALL RECEIVE THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF
PROTECTION POSSIBLE TO INSURE THE CONTINUED QUANTITY AND
QUALITY OF POTABLE WATER FOR CURRENT RESIDENTS AND FUTURE
GENERATIONS.
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1 Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 127

Implementation Actions
1. The County supports the preparation of a hydrological study for the Buxton Woods
area. Such a study could be done in conjunction with a comprehensive sub -area
management plan for the area.
Response #1
This action has not been implemented.
2. The County will seek legislative assistance to improve water quality of all major
aquifer recharge areas affecting Dare County.
Response #2
This action has not been implemented.
3. The County will consider the adoption of a well ordinance to provide for ambient
water quality standards, regulations of privately -owned wellpoints, and the periodic
testing and certification of privately -operated well systems.
Response #3
The County has investigated the possibility of adopting a well ordinance to regulate
privately -owned wells but has not yet done so. Monitoring wells to monitor the results
of development in the Buxton Woods -Hatteras Pines Subdivision were installed in
1992 and are being monitored on a quarterly basis.
Policy 2.1.6 Package Sewage Treatment Plants
DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE USE OF PACKAGE SEWAGE TREATMENT
PLANTS ONLY WHEN UNSATISFACTORY SOIL OR HYDROLOGICAL
CONDITIONS PRECLUDE THE USE OF SEPTIC TANK/DRAINFIELD SYSTEMS
AND WHEN THE USE OF SUCH PLANTS WILL RESULT IN INCREASED
PROTECTION OF EXISTING LAND AND WATER RESOURCES THAN WOULD
OCCUR WITH THE USE OF CONVENTIONAL SEPTIC TANK SYSTEMS. DARE
COUNTY WILL NOT PROVIDE FOR INCREASED DWELLING DENSITY RATIOS
DUE TO THE AVAILABILITY OF PACKAGE TREATMENT PLANTS.
Implementation Actions
1. The County will meet with State officials for the purpose of assessing fees against new
and/or existing package sewage treatment plants, the assessments of which could be
used to hire additional local manpower to monitor and enforce the proper maintenance
and operation of the plants.
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Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 128 '
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Response # 1
The County has not established fees for new and existing treatment plants.
2. Dare County will amend the Subdivision Ordinance to include language to clearly
indicate that dwelling density or minimum lot size reductions will not be provided
regardless of the availability of off -site wastewater treatment.
Response #2
The Subdivision Ordinance has not been amended to include language which states
that lot size reductions will not be granted for developments that propose to use
package treatment plants.
Policy 2.1.7 Stormwater Runoff
RUNOFF AND DRAINAGE FROM DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL, AND
MINING ACTIVITIES SHALL BE OF A QUALITY AND QUANTITY AS NEAR TO
NATURAL CONDITIONS AS POSSIBLE.
Implementation Actions
1. The County supports the Sedimentation and Erosion Control Program to manage
runoff from development.
'
Response #1
The County continues to support the Sedimentation and Erosion Control program to
'
manage stormwater runoff.
2. The County will support and participate in the Dare County Soil and Water
Conservation Review Program.
Response #2
The Soil and Water Conservation staff reviews all items submitted for review by the
Planning Board and Board of Commissioners. Comments from this agency are used by
the Planning Board in making their recommendations on subdivisions and conditional
' use permits.
I
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 129

Policy 2.1.8 Marina and Floating Home Development
2.1.8(a) THE DEVELOPMENT OF FLOATING HOMES AND STRUCTURES IN
DARE COUNTY SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH COASTAL AREA
MANAGEMENT ACT POLICIES FOR THESE USES. THESE POLICIES INCLUDE
THE REQUIREMENTS THAT SUCH STRUCTURES WILL ONLY BE APPROVED
IN PERMITTED MARINAS, AND SHALL BE IN CONFORMANCE WITH LOCAL
REGULATIONS FOR ON -SHORE SEWAGE TREATMENT.
Implementation Action
1. The County will support Coastal Area Management Act Policies as described in
15NCAC7H, Section, .0600.
Response #1
The County continues to support the CAMA regulations.
2.1.8 (b) IN DETERMINING THE LOCATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF
MARINAS, DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS ALL APPLICABLE REGULATIONS AND
GUIDELINES AS ADMINISTERED BY COASTAL MANAGEMENT OFFICIALS
AND THE U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Implementation Action
1. In reviewing development proposals that include a marina, the Dare County Planning
Board and staff will coordinate very closely with the CAMA and U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers permitting program.
Response #1
Dare County continues to work closely with officials from CAMA and USACOE on
any marina projects that are submitted for review.
Policy 2.1.9 Industry in Fragile Areas
INDUSTRY SHALL BE DISCOURAGED FROM LOCATING IN FRAGILE AREAS
OR ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS. RESOURCE -LINKED
INDUSTRIES SHALL BE REVIEWED ON A CASE BY CASE BASIS.
Implementation Action
1. Dare County officials will continue to support applicable State and Federal regulations
as they relate to the siting of new industry, and particularly industry in environmentally
fragile areas.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 130
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' Response # 1
The County continues to support the applicable State and Federal regulations for
industry in fragile areas.
Policy 2.1.10 Development of Sound and Estuarine System Islands
DEVELOPMENT OF SOUND AND ESTUARINE ISLANDS SHALL BE
CAREFULLY CONTROLLED. IF DEVELOPMENT MUST OCCUR, LOW
INTENSIVE USES SUCH AS OPEN SPACE, RECREATION AND LOW DENSITY
RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT SHALL BE PREFERRED.
' Implementation Action
1. Dare County shall consider zoning of estuarine system islands where possible to
' structure allowable development in such sensitive areas.
' Response # 1
Partial implementation has been achieved as a result of the adoption of use -specific
zoning maps for Hatteras and Avon which also included zoning of the estuarine islands
located in the Pamlico Sound near of these villages.
2.2 RESOURCE PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES
' Policy 2.2.1 Productive Agricultural Lands
THE CONTINUED PRODUCTIVE AGRICULTURAL USE OF LANDS ON THE
' DARE COUNTY MAINLAND SHALL BE SUPPORTED, PROVIDED THAT SUCH
ACTIVITIES HAVE NO SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE IMPACTS ON THE
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF DARE COUNTY'S ESTUARINE SYSTEM
' WATERS.
Implementation Actions
1. The County will request that State agencies provide the Planning Board with relevant
reports on water quality as related to agricultural runoff.
' Response #1
The County has not requested specific reports from the State on water quality as
related to agricultural uses.
2. The County will support the Sedimentation and Erosion Control Program to manage
' runoff.
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Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 131

Response 92
'
The County does support the Sedimentation and Erosion Control program and will
continue to do so.
,
3. The County shall encourage use of the State cost share program.
Response #3
,
Specific correspondence to the State encouraging the use of the cost share program
has not been sent.
'
Policy 2.2.2 Commercial Forestlands
'
COMMERCIAL FORESTRY ACTIONS SHALL BE SUPPORTED BY DARE
COUNTY, SO LONG AS SUCH ACTIONS ARE DONE IN ACCORDANCE WITH
'
STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE U.S. FOREST SERVICE, AND
CAN BE SHOWN TO HAVE NO SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE "ACT ON OTHER
NATURAL RESOURCE SYSTEMS.
'
Implementation Actions
1. The County will encourage use of the Dare County Soil Survey to manage and plan
,
woodland production.
Response # 1
'
This policy has been implemented to the extent that the majority of commercial forestry
that does take place in the County is on the Mainland and that area is unzoned.
'
However the County encourages proper management of woodland areas and use of the
Dare County Soil Survey to assist with woodland production.
2. The County
'
will support the Sedimentation and Erosion Control Program, as
pertaining to commercial forestry activities.
,
Response #2
The County does support the work of the Sedimentation and Erosion Control staff of
the Division of Land Resources.
'
Policy 2.2.3 Mineral Production Areas I
THE LOCATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MINERAL PRODUCTION AREAS IN ,
DARE COUNTY SHALL BE CAREFULLY CONTROLLED. APPROVAL OF ANY
MINING SITE SHALL BE SUBJECT TO A REVIEW OF POTENTIAL ADVERSE
IMPACTS ON THE SITE'S NATURAL CONDITIONS, AND THE VISUAL AND '
OTHER IMPACTS ON ADJOINING LANDS.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 132 ,

IImplementation Actions
1. The Planning Board will monitor public and private action regarding mining in Dare
'
County and report its finding to the County Commissioners as it deems necessary.
Response #1
The County does not have a monitoring program established, however if the County
receives any complaints, an investigation is made and reported to the Board of
Commissioners.
'
2. The Countywill coordinate with State and Federal agencies which review applications
g PP
for mining and associated permits to determine whether or not their decisions are
consistent with the County's Land Use Plan. Large-scale mining operations, such as
peat mining, shall be limited in location to Rural areas under the County's Land
'
Classification system.
Response #2
'
The County does respond to requests from the State or Federal governments on any
large scale mining operations.
proposed
3. In reviewing proposals for mining operations, the Planning Board may want to consider
the following aspects of the mining process:
* Designation of the specific parcels of land to be disturbed by mining
* Height and bulk of building associated with the mining operations
* Parking and traffic flow
* Utility extension and design
'
* Auxiliary development
* Reclamation plans.
Response #3
These items are checked when reviewing mining proposals.
4. The County will develop a local ordinance to prohibit sand mining activities that are
not otherwise authorized by State or Federal regulatory agencies.
Response #4
A local ordinance concerning sand mining has not been adopted.
' Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A
Page133

Policy 2.2.4 Fisheries Resources
THE CONTINUED PRODUCTIVITY OF COMMERCIAL AND RECREATIONAL
FISHERIES SHALL BE FOSTERED THROUGH RESTORATION AND
PROTECTION OF THE UNIQUE COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS UPON WHICH THEY
DEPEND.
Implementation Actions
1. All policies and implementation actions designed to protect the estuarine system of
AECs will be further supported and carried out under the fisheries resource policy
heading.
Response #1
The County continues to support the protection of the estuarine systems of AECs.
2. Studies designed to evaluate and recommend the corrective measures to the estuarine
pollution problem and to improve management and production of all fisheries
resources will be supported by Dare County.
Response #2
The County also continues to support any reasonable programs designed to reduce
pollution in the estuarine system and improve production of the fisheries systems.
3. The County shall continue to voice its support for the protection of shellfish and
primary nursery areas to appropriate State level agencies.
Response 413
The County supports all efforts of State level agencies to protect shellfish and primary
nursery areas.
Policy 2.2.5 Off -Road Vehicles
EFFORTS TO PROPERLY BALANCE AND CONTROL THE USE OF OFF -ROAD
VEHICLE USE ALONG THE COUNTY'S BEACHES, DUNE AREAS, AND
ESTUARINE SHORELINES SHALL CONTINUE TO RECEIVE SUPPORT FROM
COUNTY GOVERNMENT.
Implementation Action
1. The County's ordinance governing ORV use on Dare County beaches will be
maintained for enforcement as necessary.
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Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 134 1

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Response #1
The County continues to enforce the local ordinance on off -road vehicle use as necessary.
Policy 2.2.6 Development Impacts
DARE COUNTY SHALL COOPERATE FULLY WITH ALL FEDERAL, STATE,
REGIONAL AND LOCAL AGENCIES IN THEIR REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTS
OF POTENTIALLY SIGNIFICANT IMPACT.
Implementation Action
None listed
Policy 2.2.7 Trees and Vegetation
THE COUNTY OF DARE IS OPPOSED TO INDISCRIMINATE LAND CLEARING
AND TREE REMOVAL ACTIVITIES.
Implementation Action
1. Dare County will incorporate tree protection language and tree removal guidelines into
the Dare County Zoning Ordinance.
Response #1
Full implementation of this policy has not been achieved because tree removal
guidelines have not been included in all of the zoning districts. However, the County
does include tree removal and land clearing provisions in the SED-1 zoning district and
these standards are strictly enforced.
Policy 2.2.8 Cultural, Historic, and Archaeologically Significant Lands and
Structures
THE DARE COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS SUPPORTS THE
PROTECTION OF STRUCTURES, LANDS, AND ARTIFACTS THAT HAVE BEEN
IDENTIFIED BY THE N.C. DEPARTMENT OF CULTURAL RESOURCES,
DIVISION OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY AS ARCHAEOLOGICALLY OR
HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT. ON A CASE BY CASE BASIS, INDIVIDUAL
PROTECTION/MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED TO
INSURE RESOURCES ARE NOT DESTROYED.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 135

I
Implementation Actions I
1. Support public acquisition of significant historical, cultural, or archaeological lands or
structures at fair market value. The Board may offer resolutions of support, negotiate '
land exchanges or provide tax incentives for acquisition initiatives.
Response #1
,
The Board of Commissioners offers support to any public acquisition project that is
intended to protect structures and lands that are archaeologically or historically
significant.
'
2. Establish Regulatory Evaluation - The County shall amend the Dare County
Subdivision Ordinance to establish a mandatory historic, cultural and/or archaeological
'
resources evaluation process for any land proposed for development that has been
identified as culturally, historically, or archaeologically significant by the N.C.
Department of Cultural Resources.
,
Response #2
The Dare County Subdivision Ordinance was amended to include language concerning
'
this issue.
2.3 ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT POLICIES I
Policy 2.3.1 Types and Locations of Desired Industries
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS WHICH HAVE EXCESSIVE NOISE, ODOR, OR '
OTHER HARMFUL POLLUTION, SHALL BE DISCOURAGED FROM LOCATING
IN DARE COUNTY, UNLESS SUCH ADVERSE IMPACTS CAN BE CLEARLY '
OVERCOME THROUGH EFFECTIVE MITIGATION. INDUSTRIAL SITES SHALL
BE LOCATED ON LAND WHICH IS ENVIRONMENTALLY SUITABLE AND HAS
UNIQUE LOCATIONAL ADVANTAGES FOR INDUSTRY. I
Implementation Action
1. The County shall use local zoning and site plan review ordinances to regulate the '
availability of industrial sites and permitted industrial uses to ensure the compatibility
of all proposed uses with the surrounding environment.
Response #1 '
The County continues to use the Zoning Ordinance to manage the development of
industrial sites in areas of the County that are zoned. A large portion of the County ,
remains unzoned and therefore open to industrial uses. A Site Plan Review Ordinance
has never been adopted for the unincorporated areas of Dare County. '
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 136 1

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IPolicy 2.3.2 Provision of Services to Development
' PUBLICLY FINANCED URBAN SERVICES SHALL BE FUNDED AND PROVIDED
TO KEEP PACE WITH, BUT NOT SERVE AS AN INCENTIVE TO, GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT.
' Implementation Actions
1. Dare County shall continue to lobby the N.C. Department of Transportation for
' necessary improvements to transportation facilities, especially those serving as
evacuation routes from the Outer Banks.
'
Response #1
Implementation of this policy is ongoing. Dare County serves as the local clearing
'
house for annual TIP requests from all of the local governments in Dare County. For
the past several years, the Planning Director has spoken on behalf of all of the local
governments in making requests to the N.C. Department of Transportation Board each
'
year.
2. Dare County will continue to seek additional revenues from sources other than ad
valorem taxes to provide for those capital expenditures identified in Section One.
Response #2
'
The County recently received approval from the N.C. General Assembly to collect a meals
tax with part of the funds being made available to finance capital expenditures.
Policy 2.3.3 Urban Growth Pattern
WHERE URBAN SERVICES ARE NOT PROVIDED, LOW DENSITY, SINGLE
FAMILY RESIDENCES AND ONLY LOW DENSITY, MULTI -FAMILY
RESIDENCES SHALL BE THE PREFERRED DEVELOPMENT FORM.
COMMERCIAL STRIP DEVELOPMENT SHALL BE DISCOURAGED.
Implementation Actions
1. Dare County will investigate the feasibility of extending zoning to the unincorporated
areas of the County, and establish multi -family density guidelines not to exceed five
units per acre for any zoning district.
Response #1
Dare County has been working to extend zoning to the unincorporated areas of the
County where the citizens and residents desire zoning regulations. In 1987, Hatteras
Island and the remaining unzoned portions of Colington were zoned S-1 which allows
all uses but does have dwelling density requirements, with 5 dwelling units per acre as
the maximum.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 137

2. Minimum lot size guidelines shall be established and enforced and the recombination of '
existing substandard lots shall be encouraged. The use of local zoning guidelines to
disperse patterns of concentrated commercial growth shall be encouraged as well as ,
patterns of clustered commercial centers.
Response #2 '
The County does enforce the minimum lot sizes of 15,000 square feet for lots served
by central water and septic tanks and 20,000 square feet for lots with septic tanks and
private wells. The zoning ordinance does not specifically prohibit commercial strip '
development but when large commercial areas are proposed, developers are
encouraged to use landscaping and architectural designs to make the development
more attractive. ,
2.3.4 Redevelopment '
REDEVELOPED AREAS AND STRUCTURES SHALL CONFORM TO CURRENT,
MORE RESTRICTIVE DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS. '
Implementation Actions
1. The County shall enforce the State building code for coastal construction in the event '
of reconstruction.
Response #1 '
The County strictly enforces all State Building Code requirements.
2. The County shall enforce current zoning and floodplain ordinances.
Response #2 '
All zoning and floodplain ordinances are enforced by the County.
Policy 2.3.5 State and Federal Program Support '
STATE AND FEDERALLY FUNDED WATER AND HIGHWAY '
TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS SHALL RECEIVE THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF
SUPPORT, IN LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL IMPACT ON THE PUBLIC SAFETY
AND ECONOMIC HEALTH OF THE AREA. '
Implementation Actions
1. Funding and support of the lobbying efforts for jetty approval at Oregon Inlet shall be '
maintained.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 138 1

IResponse # 1
Dare County continues to lobby the Federal and State governments for the
' construction of jetties at Oregon Inlet.
2. The County staff should closely monitor Federal and State programs, with the intent of
' informing County Commissioners and the Planning Board of important information or
changes in these programs.
' Response #2
The County staff does monitor and report to the Board any proposed Federal or State
legislation that may have potential impacts, beneficial or not, on Dare County. An
example, in 1992, the staff monitored and helped lobby to get the proposed federal Flood
Mitigation Act of 1991 revised to include language more beneficial to Dare County and
were instrumental in having the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conduct a Public Hearing in
Buxton on the proposal to add the plant seabeach amaranth to the endangered species list.
' 3. The County shall participate in Albemarle Commission review of State and Federal
projects. Contact shall be maintained with legislators.
Response #3
The County remains active with the Albemarle Commission and assists in the review of
any State or Federal projects. The County has maintained good working relationships
with both the Federal and State legislative representatives of this area.
Policy 2.3.6 Channel Maintenance and Beach Nourishment
CONTINUED MAINTENANCE OF NAVIGABLE CHANNELS IN DARE COUNTY
SHOULD RECEIVE A HIGH LEVEL OF SUPPORT AT THE STATE, FEDERAL,
AND LOCAL LEVEL. BEACH NOURISHMENT PROJECTS SHOULD NOT BE
CONSIDERED A PRIORITY FOR FUNDING IN COMPARISON TO OTHER, MORE
ESSENTIAL PUBLICLY FINANCED NEEDS.
Implementation Action
1. The County shall support the Dare Waterways Commission.
Response # 1
The County continues to fund and support the Oregon Inlet and Waterways Commission.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 139

Policy 2.3.7 Energy Facilities '
DARE COUNTY IS OPPOSED TO ANY PETRO-CHEMICAL ENERGY FACILITY ,
OR RELATED IMPROVEMENT WITHIN ITS JURISDICTIONAL LANDS OR
WATERS. THIS INCLUDES ALL STRUCTURES, OPERATIONS, AND
ACTIVITIES ASSOCIATED WITH PETRO-CHEMICAL ENERGY FACILITY '
DEVELOPMENT, SUCH AS, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ON -SHORE SUPPORT
BASES FOR OFFSHORE EXPLORATION ACTIVITIES, STAGING AREAS,
TRANSMISSION AND/OR PRODUCTION PIPELINES, PIPELINE STORAGE '
YARDS, AND OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES, ACTIVITIES, AND
IMPROVEMENTS RELATED TO PETRO-CHEMICAL FACILITY DEVELOPMENT,
EXPLORATION, OR PRODUCTION. DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS RESEARCH '
AND DEVELOPMENT OF NON -FOSSIL FUEL ALTERNATIVES FOR ENERGY
PRODUCTION.
Implementation Actions
1. Any major energy facilities to be located in Dare County shall make a full disclosure of
all costs and benefits associated with the project. This disclosure shall be in the form '
of an environmental impact statement.
2. In the event that an energy facility is proposed for Dare County, the County will
support the policy statements and administrative regulations referenced in
15NCAC7M, Section .0400 entitled "Coastal Energy Policies." '
Response # 1 and 2
Implementation actions 1 and 2 have not been implemented due to the fact that no I
proposals to locate an energy facility have been submitted.
3. The Dare County Zoning Ordinance shall be amended to prohibit petro-chemical '
energy facilities and other land uses associated with petro-chemical energy facility
development, exploration or production.
Response #3
The implementation of this action is being accomplished by the adoption of use -specific
zoning maps for the unzoned portions of Dare County that do not include any industrial '
zoning districts.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 140 '
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IPolicy 2.3 8 Tourism and Beach and Waterfront Access
' DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS NORTH CAROLINNS SHOREFRONT ACCESS
POLICIES AS STATED IN 15NCAC7H, SECTION .0300. THESE POLICIES
RECOGNIZE THE NEED TO PROVIDE REASONABLE PUBLIC ACCESS TO
' BEACHES AND ESTUARINE WATERS.
Implementation Action
' 1. Where possible, Dare County will encourage developers to provide public access prior
to subdivision plat approval.
' Response #1
This policy has been somewhat implemented by the encouragement of Dare County for
developers to provide public access, when possible. However, provision of public
iaccess has never been a condition of subdivision plat approval.
IPolicy 2.3.9 Coastal and Estuarine Water Access
IN ADDITION TO OCEAN BEACH ACCESS, DARE COUNTY SUPPORTS THE
CREATION OF PUBLIC ACCESS OPPORTUNITIES TO ESTUARINE WATERS,
INCLUDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR PARKING, BOATING, AND PEDESTRIAN
ACCESS.
Implementation Action
' 1. Dare County supports the CAMA Shoreline Access Plan, and the N.C. Wildlife
Resources Commission Access Program.
Response #1
The County has continued to provide more and better access to the beaches and estuarine
waters through the CAMA access grant program. This program was used to construct a
' bathhouse in Frisco in 1989 and additional parking at the windsurfing hole south of Avon.
The County has also worked with the Town of Manteo and the N.C. Wildlife Resources
Commission on the construction of a sound access and boat ramp at the site of the new
Washington Baum Bridge on the U.S. 64/264 Causeway. Efforts to procure land in Duck
for an estuarine access have been initiated but have not been successful because of
' financial and legal reasons.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 141

Policy 2.3.10 Residential Development
SINGLE FAMILY LOW DENSITY HOUSING SHALL BE ENCOURAGED AS THE
PREFERRED RESIDENTIAL FORM IN DARE COUNTY, PARTICULARLY IN
INSTANCES WHERE HIGHER DENSITY RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS
WOULD PLACE A STRAIN ON WATER SUPPLY, SEWAGE TREATMENT,
INCREASED STORMWATER RUNOFF, OR TRAFFIC CONGESTION AND
EVACUATION. MULTI -FAMILY DEVELOPMENT SHALL BE ENCOURAGED TO
LOCATE IN AREAS ADEQUATELY SERVED BY URBAN SERVICES, AND
ENVIRONMENTALLY SUITED FOR SUCH DEVELOPMENT.
Implementation Action
1. The County shall work toward the implementation of zoning for the entire County to
reflect mostly single family uses with commercial and multi -family zones in areas with
urban services and a suitable environment.
Response #1
This policy continues to be implemented. Efforts by the County to establish use -specific
zoning have been ongoing since the LUP update in 1987. Use -specific maps for Avon,
Buxton and Hatteras villages have been adopted with mostly residential ones and the
commercial zoning following the established patterns of uses.
Policy 2.3.11 Commercial Development
COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT SHALL BE LOCATED AND EXPRESSLY
DESIGNED TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE MARKET AREA THEY ARE
INTENDED TO SERVE, CONSISTENT WITH THE COUNTY'S LAND
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM. UNCONTROLLED STRIP DEVELOPMENT BY
COMMERCIAL USES SHALL BE DISCOURAGED.
Implementation Action
1. The County Planning Board will work with the residents and property owners of the
unincorporated villages on the Outer Banks to educate and inform them of the benefits
and need for zoning in these areas. The long-term consequences of continued strip
commercialization will be pointed out as one major reason for the need for zoning.
Response #1
The County has encouraged zoning in the areas of unincorporated Dare County where the
residents and property owners wish to control the future development patterns of their
Villages. Progress toward zoning the unincorporated areas is slow but steady.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 142
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Policy 2.3.12 Solid Waste Disposal
DARE COUNTY RECOGNIZES THE NEED FOR A REGIONAL SOLUTION TO
THE SOLID WASTE ISSUE, AND WILL WORK DILIGENTLY TOWARD THAT
END.
Implementation Actions
1. The Dare County Commissioners will establish a study committee to research
alternatives for a future regional solid waste disposal facility.
Response #1
During 1992, the County has been involved with the other counties in the region to
establish a Regional Solid Waste Authority. Agreements were recently signed and all solid
waste from the region will be transported to a regional landfill in Bertie County.
2. The County shall continue to coordinate studies with adjacent counties in the
Albemarle Region.
Response #2
Dare County continues to coordinate studies and research with the other counties in
the region.
3. The County shall support local incentives for recycling and solid waste separation, will
support similar action by the Dare County municipalities, and will consider support for
legislative initiatives for glass bottle and aluminum can recycling for the 1989 N.C.
General Assembly session.
Response #3
Over the past three years, the County has hired a Recycling Coordinator and has made
great strides in the recycling movement. Recycling centers are open throughout the
County and almost every recyclable item is accepted at these centers.
Policy 2.3.13 Low and Moderate Income Housing
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR EFFORTS TO MEET THE HOUSING NEEDS OF
LOW TO MODERATE INCOME RESIDENTS SHALL BE SUPPORTED.
Implementation Action
1. Dare County shall investigate the applicability of various State and Federal housing
programs for low to moderate income residents.
I
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A
Page 143
1

Response # 1
In 1989, an ad hoc committee to study affordable housing was created and a report on the
group's findings was released. However, over the past several years, the political
composition of the County Board has been very unstable and the movement to address
this issue has not been established.
Policy 2.3.14 Land Clearing
DEVELOPMENTS WHICH PRESERVE THE NATURAL FEATURES OF THE SITE,
INCLUDING SIGNIFICANT EXISTING VEGETATION, SHALL BE
ENCOURAGED.
Implementation Action
1. Dare County shall investigate the feasibility of establishing a tree protection and
landscaping ordinance as may be appropriate.
Response #1
This policy and associated implementation action have not been accomplished because a
tree protection and landscape ordinance has never. been adopted. However, developers of
residential and commercial developments are encouraged to retain as much of the natural
vegetation as possible during construction.
Policy 2.3.15 Street Maintenance
COUNTY GOVERNMENT SHALL NOT ABSORB THE COSTS OF MAINTAINING
PRIVATELY OWNED STREETS.
Implementation Action
1. The County will continue to seek assurances that future privately developed and
owned streets shall be properly maintained by those benefiting from the construction
and use of such streets.
Response #1
The County continues to allow privately owned streets but does try to assure that such
streets are maintained by the responsible parties.
7
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Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 144 1

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Policy 2.3.16 Bikeways/Walkways
DARE COUNTY ENCOURAGES THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIKEWAYS AS
PROJECTS INCIDENTAL TO HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION
PROJECTS. THE DESIGNATION AND/OR DEVELOPMENT OF OTHER BICYCLE
FACILITIES AND ROUTES NOT DIRECTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE
HIGHWAY SHALL ALSO BE ENCOURAGED.
Implementation Action
1. The County shall request bicycle improvements in the State Transportation
Improvement Program for the first district.
Response # 1
Bicycle improvements have been requested in the annual TIP requests. Staff from the
County has also worked with officials from NCDOT on establishment of
bikeways/walkways with funds provided by the Intermodal Surface Transportation
Efficiency Act.
2.4 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION POLICIES
Policy 2.4.1 Public Participation
OPPORTUNITIES FOR PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT WITH LAND USE ISSUES
SHALL BE PROVIDED ON A CONTINUING BASIS TO ALL RESIDENTS AND
WILL BE SCHEDULED FOR EVENING MEETINGS TO ENCOURAGE THE
GREATEST POSSIBLE PARTICIPATION.
Implementation Actions
1. The County will continue efforts to inform, educate, and involve the public in planning
for the future of the County, primarily through the regular and special meetings of the
Dare County Planning Board and Board of Commissioners.
Response #1
The County continues to encourage the public to attend Planning Board and Board of
Commissioners meetings in which planning issues are being discussed.
2. The County will encourage continued representation by a broad cross-section of
County residents on all citizen advisory boards.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 145

Response #2
The members of the Planning Board represent a variety of occupations and interests and
provide a balanced viewpoint on planning objectives.
2.5 STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST -DISASTER RECOVERY AND
EVACUATION PLAN
Policy 2.5.1 Storm Hazard Mitigation
2.5.1 (a) DARE COUNTY SHALL DISCOURAGE HIGH INTENSITY USES AND
LARGE STRUCTURES FROM BEING CONSTRUCTED WITHIN THE 100-YEAR
FLOODPLAIN, EROSION -PRONE AREAS, AND OTHER LOCATIONS
SUSCEPTIBLE TO HURRICANE AND FLOODING HAZARDS.
2.5.1 (b) DARE COUNTY, IN COOPERATION WITH THE STATE OF NORTH
CAROLINA, SHALL CONSIDER PURCHASING PARCELS LOCATED IN HAZARD
AREAS OR RENDERED UNBUILDABLE BY STORMS OR OTHER EVENTS, FOR
THE PURPOSES OF SHORELINE ACCESS. DEVELOPERS MAY ALSO BE
REQUIRED TO PURCHASE SUCH PROPERTIES FOR PUBLIC ACCESS AS A
CONDITION FOR PROJECT APPROVAL.
2.5.1 (c) DARE COUNTY SHALL REQUIRE ALL NEW CONSTRUCTION TO
CONFORM TO CURRENT COASTAL CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS,
PARTICULARLY THOSE PROVISIONS WHICH REQUIRE CONSTRUCTION TO
MEET WIND RESISTIVE FACTORS, I.E., DESIGN, WIND VELOCITY.
Implementation Action
1. The County shall continue to enforce the State Building Code and CAMA setback
requirements.
Response #1
The County continues to enforce the State Building Codes and CAMA setback
requirements.
FJ
J
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 146 1

IPolicy 2.5.2 Post -Disaster Construction
' 2.5.2(a) THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF DARE COUNTY SHALL BE
ULTIMATELY RESPONSIBLE FOR SUPERVISING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES CONTAINED IN THE DISASTER RELIEF AND
ASSISTANCE PLAN, AND THE POST -DISASTER RECOVERY POLICIES OF THE
LAND USE PLAN.
2.5.2(b) IN THE EVENT OF A DAMAGING HURRICANE, OR OTHER
DISASTROUS EVENT, THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS MAY DECLARE A
MORATORIUM OF UP TO 180 DAYS ON THE ACCEPTANCE OF ANY REQUEST
' FOR REZONING OTHER THAN FOR REZONING TO A LESS INTENSE USE,
UNLESS THAT REZONING REQUEST IS INITIATED BY THE COUNTY.
'
2.5.2 (c) IN THE EVENT OF EXTENSIVE HURRICANE DAMAGE TO PUBLIC
UTILITIES REQUIRING REPLACEMENT OR RELOCATION OF THESE
UTILITIES, EFFORTS SHALL BE MADE TO LOCATE DAMAGED UTILITIES
'
AWAY FROM HURRICANE HAZARD AREAS OR TO STRENGTHEN THEIR
CONSTRUCTION.
'
2.5.2(d) PRIORITY SHALL BE GIVEN TO THOSE REPAIRS THAT WILL
RESTORE SERVICE TO AS MANY PERSONS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
i2.5.2(e) THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS MAY DECLARE A MORATORIUM
OF UP TO 180 DAYS ON THE PERMITTING OF ANY NEW CONSTRUCTION,
' INCLUDING NEW UTILITY HOOKUPS, OR REDEVELOPMENT
CONSTRUCTION THAT WOULD INCREASE THE INTENSITY OF THE LAND
USES EXISTING BEFORE THE HURRICANE.
IImolementation Action
1. Copies of the Land Use Plan and Policies, particularly regarding Storm Hazard
Mitigation, Post Disaster Recovery and Evacuation, shall be made available to
appropriate local emergency management groups and agency representatives.
' Response #1
Copies of this plan were distributed after their first printing and are still available upon
request from the Planning Department.
I
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 147

Policy 2.5.3 Evacuation Plan
DARE COUNTY SHALL CONTINUE TO WORK CLOSELY WITH EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT AGENCY PERSONNEL IN THE PREPARATION OF THE
COUNTY'S EVACUATION PLAN. THE COUNTY SHALL ALSO CONTINUE TO
PRESS FOR NECESSARY IMPROVEMENTS FOR EFFECTIVE EVACUATION OF
THREATENED AREAS.
I_plementation Action
1. The County shall lobby for transportation improvements with emphasis on adequacy of
evacuation routes.
Response #1
The County presents annual requests at the TIP hearing with priority being placed on
requests that are intended to increase evacuation efficiency and safety.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix A Page 148

m = m

M M
APPENDIX B-1 REVIEW OF 1987 DARE COUNTY POLICIES COMPARED TO MUNICIPAL POLICIES
DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.1.1 (a) Dare County supports the administration and
Supports State regulatory
Consistent, Ch. 7, page 31
Somewhat consistent, page
enforcement of Title 10, Chapter 10, Subchapter 10-A,
programs, page 58
41 policy b
Section .1900 of the laws and rules for sanitary sewage
collection, treatment, and disposal. In doing so, it is
the County's intent to protect the existing groundwater
resources, the natural conditions of estuarine waters,
and the public health, safety, and general welfare.
2.1.1 (b) Dare County supports the administration and
Supports Federal regulatory
Consistent, Ch. 4, page 19
Consistent, page 41, policy a
enforcement of all applicable floodplain management
programs, page 58
re lations, and the National Flood Insurance Program.
2.1.2(a) Coastal Wetlands -- Dare County supports
Consistent, page 47
Consistent, Ch. 4, page 18
Consistent, page 42, policy b
reasonable efforts by all Federal, State and local
agencies to protect and preserve the environmental and
economic values of coastal wetlands AECs.
2.1.2(b) Estuarine Waters -- Dare County shall
Consistent, page 47
Consistent, Ch. 4, page 18
Consistent, page 42
discourage developments that have a high probability of
seriously impacting the water quality or environmental
values of the estuarine resource from locating adjacent
to estuarine waters.
2.1.2(c) Public Trust Areas -- It is the policy of Dare
Consistent, page 47
Consistent, Ch. 4, page 18
Consistent, page 42, policy a
County to protect public rights for navigation and
recreation, and to preserve and manage public trust
areas so as to safeguard and perpetuate their biological,
economic, and aesthetic value.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix 13-1 Page 149

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.1.1 (a) Dare County supports the administration and
Consistent page 44, policy 6
Consistent page 9
enforcement of Title 10, Chapter 10, Subchapter 10-A,
Section .1900 of the laws and rules for sanitary sewage
collection, treatment, and disposal. In doing so, it is the
County's intent to protect the existing groundwater
resources, the natural conditions of estuarine waters, and
the public health, safety, and general welfare.
2.1.1 (b) Dare County supports the administration and
Consistent, page 31, policy 5
Consistent, page 8, policy 1
enforcement of all applicable floodptain management
regulations, and the National Flood Insurance Pro ram.
2.1.2(a) Coastal Wetlands -- Dare County supports
Somewhat consistent, page 26,
Consistent, page 9
reasonable efforts by all Federal, State and local agencies
policy 2
to protect and preserve the environmental and economic
values of coastal wetlands AECs.
2.1.2(b) Estuarine Waters -- Dare County shall discourage
Consistent, page 78, policy 5
Consistent, page 8, policy 12
developments that have a high probability of seriously
and page 37, policy 1
and page 10, policy 1
impacting the water quality or environmental values of the
estuarine resource from locating adjacent to estuarine
waters.
2.1.2(c) Public Trust Areas -- It is the policy of Dare
Not addressed
Consistent, page 9
County to protect public rights for navigation and
recreation, and to preserve and manage public trust areas
so as to safeguard and perpetuate their biological,
economic, and aesthetic value.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-1
Page 150
M M M M M M M M M M M M r M M M M M M

M = = = = = = = =
DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.1.2(d) Estuarine Shorelines -- Development along
Consistent, page 48
Consistent, Ch. 4, page 18
Consistent, page 42, policy c
estuarine shorelines shall be accomplished in a manner
that preserves the long-term natural integrity of the
estuarine shoreline. Exceptions to this policy shall be
made on a case -by -case basis in accordance with
CAMA standards.
2.1.2(e) Ocean Hazard Areas -- Development activities
Consistent, page 48
Consistent, Ch. 4, pages 18-
Not applicable
in ocean erodible areas, high hazard flood areas, and
19
inlet hazard areas shall be carefully controlled. If
development must occur in these areas, such
development should be of a limited density and scale,
and should respect the integrity of the dune system.
2.1.2(f) Public Water Supply AECs -- Dare County
Consistent, page 62 and page
Not addressed
Consistent, page 41, policy b
supports all appropriate actions to preserve and protect
48
the long-term viability of the groundwater aquifers
serving Dare County.
2.1.2(g) Natural and Cultural Resources -- Dare
Not addressed
Consistent, Ch. 4, page 20
Consistent, page 49
County encourages the identification and proper long-
term management of fragile coastal, natural, and
cultural resource areas as defined in NCAC7H, Section
.0500.
2.1.3(a) Freshwater Swamps and Marshes -- Dare
Not addressed
Not addressed
Consistent, page 42, policy e
County will continue to support the efforts of the
CAMA program and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
404 permitting program to promote proper use and
development in sensitive freshwater swamp and marsh
areas.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-1 Page 151

�r
DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.1.2(d) Estuarine Shorelines -- Development along
Consistent, page 27, policy 11
Consistent, page 8, policy 2
estuarine shorelines shall be accomplished in a manner
that preserves the long-term natural integrity of the
estuarine shoreline. Exceptions to this policy shall be
made on a case -by -case basis in accordance with CAMA
standards.
2.1.2(e) Ocean Hazard Areas -- Development activities in
Consistent, page 26, policy 2
Consistent, page 9, policy 1
ocean erodible areas, high hazard flood areas, and inlet
hazard areas shall be carefully controlled. If development
must occur in these areas, such development should be of a
limited density and scale, and should respect the integrity
of the dune system.
2.1.2(f) Public Water Supply AECs -- Dare County
Consistent, page 37, policy 1
Discussion of AECs does not include
supports all appropriate actions to preserve and protect the
this topic
Iong-term viability of the groundwater aquifers serving
Dare County.
2.1.2(g) Natural and Cultural Resources -- Dare County
Not addressed
Discussion of AECs does not include
encourages the identification and proper long-term
this topic
management of fragile coastal, natural, and cultural
resource areas as defined in NCAC7H, Section .0500.
2.1.3(a) Freshwater Swamps and Marshes -- Dare County
Not addressed
Consistent, page 8, policy 1
will continue to support the efforts of the CAMA program
and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 404 permitting
program to promote proper use and development in
sensitive freshwater swamp and marsh areas.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix 13-1
�r � r �■ r r� r rf
Page 152
M r

DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.1.3(b) Maritime Forests -- Maritime forests in Dare
Consistent, page 79
Consistent, Ch. 4, page 20
Not addressed
County shall receive a high level of environmental
protection when considering proposed public and
private sector uses. When development is considered,
referred uses shall be for low intensity development.
2.1.3(c) Cultural and Historic Resources -- The
Consistent, page 79
Consistent Ch. 4, page 20
Consistent, page 49
identification, protection, and restoration of structures
and sites of historic and archeological significance shall
be encouraged
2.1.3(d) Manmade Hazards --The development of
Not addressed
Not addressed
Not addressed
Dare County's airports and the surrounding areas shall
be carefully reviewed to minimize land use conflicts
and hazardous conditions. The County shall continue
to work with the military to minimize noise conflicts
and hazardous flight paths over developed areas.
2.1.4 Flood Evacuation — see Section 2.5 for
see Section 2.5 for
see Section 2.5 for
see Section 2.5 for
discussion
discussion
discussion
discussion
2.1.5 Protection of Potable Water Supply — The
Consistent, page 62
Discusses water service
Consistent, page 41, policy
County's groundwater resources shall receive the
from County, Ch. 7, page
b
highest level of protection possible to ensure the
30
continued quantity and quality of potable water for
current residents and future generations.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix 13-1 Page 153

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.1.3(b) Maritime Forests -- Maritime forests in Dare
Consistent, page 80, policy 10
Not addressed
County shall receive a high level of environmental
protection when considering proposed public and private
sector uses. When development is considered, preferred
uses shall be for low intensity development.
2.1.3(c) Cultural and Historic Resources -- The
Consistent, page 52, policy 8
Not addressed
identification, protection, and restoration of structures and
sites of historic and archeological significance shall be
encouraged.
2.1.3(d) Manmade Hazards -- The development of Dare
Not addressed
Not addressed
County's airports and the surrounding areas shall be
carefully reviewed to minimize land use conflicts and
hazardous conditions. The County shall continue to work
with the military to minimize noise conflicts and
hazardous flight paths over developed areas.
2.1.4 Flood Evacuation -- see Section 2.5 for discussion
see Section 2.5 for discussion
see Section 2.5 for discussion
2.1.5 Protection of Potable Water Supply -- The County's
Consistent, page 78, policy 5 and
Does not address protection of water
groundwater resources shall receive the highest level of
page 37, policy 1
supply but discusses service from the
protection possible to ensure the continued quantity and
County and the sale of water to
quality of potable water for current residents and future
Currituck County by Dare County,
generations.
page 9
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-1
Page 154

DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.1.6 Package Sewage Treatment Plants -- Dare
Inconsistent, favors a
Somewhat consistent, not
Inconsistent, not allowed
County supports the use of package sewage treatment
community -wide
as strong, see Ch. 4, page
page 41, policy d and page
plants only when unsatisfactory soil or hydrological
wastewater treatment
14 and Ch. 7, pages 31-32
45, policy c
conditions preclude the use of septic tank/drainfield
system, page 71
systems and when the use of such plants will result in
increased protection of existing land and water
resources than would occur with the use of
conventional septic tank systems. Dare County will not
provide for increased dwelling density due to the
availability of package treatment plants.
2.1.7 Stormwater Runoff -- Runoff and drainage from
Does not include a policy
Consistent, Ch. 4, page 14
Consistent,. page 45, policy
development, agricultural, and mining activities shall
on stormwater runoff but
d
be of a quality and quantity as near to natural
the issue is discussed on
conditions as possible.
page 59
2.1.8(a) Marina and Floating Home Development --
Inconsistent, not allowed,
Inconsistent, not allowed,
Inconsistent, not allowed,
The development of floating homes and structures in
page 71
Ch. 10, page 64
page 42
Dare County shall be in accordance with CAMA
policies for these uses. These policies include the
requirement that such structures will only be approved
in permitted marinas, and shall be in conformance with
local requirements for on -shore sewage treatment.
2.1.8(b) In determining the location and development
Does not include a policy
Consistent, Ch. 10, page
Consistent, page 42,
of marinas, Dare County supports all applicable
on marinas
64
policies d-g
regulations and guidelines as administered by CAMA
officials and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
2.1.9 Industry in Fragile Area -- Industry shall be
Somewhat consistent, page
Somewhat consistent Ch.
Relies on CAMA for
discouraged from locating in fragile or environmentally
56
10, page 64
review and permitting,
sensitive areas. Resource -linked industries shall be
page 47
reviewed on a case -by -case basis.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix 13-1 Page 155

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.1.6 Package Sewage Treatment Plants — Dare County
Consistent, page 37, policy 2
Consistent, page 9, policies 3-4
supports the use of package sewage treatment plants only
when unsatisfactory soil or hydrological conditions
preclude the use of septic tank/drainfield systems and when
the use of such plants will result in increased protection of
existing land and water resources than would occur with
the use of conventional septic tank systems. Dare County
will not provide for increased dwelling density due to the
availability of package treatment plants.
2.1.7 Stormwater Runoff' -- Runoff and drainage from
Consistent, page 37, policy 3 and
Consistent, page 9
development, agricultural, and mining activities shall be of
page 38, policies 8 and 9
a quality and quantity as near to natural conditions as
possible.
2.1.8(a) Marina and Floating Home Development -- The
Inconsistent, not allowed, page 2
Inconsistent, not allowed, page 10,
development of floating homes and structures in Dare
policy 2
County shall be in accordance with CAMA policies for
these uses. These policies include the requirement that
such structures will only be approved in permitted marinas,
and shall be in conformance with local requirements for
on -shore sewage treatment.
2.1.8(b) In determining the location and development of
Somewhat inconsistent -- allows
Inconsistent, page 10, policy 2; does
marinas, Dare County supports all applicable regulations
marinas with less than 10 slips, page
not allow marinas
and guidelines as administered by CAMA officials and the
2
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
2.1.9 Industry in Fragile Area -- Industry shall be
Not addressed
Inconsistent, industrial uses not
discouraged from locating in fragile or environmentally
permitted, page 10
sensitive areas. Resource -linked industries shall be
reviewed on a case -by -case basis.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-1
Page 156

DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVH. HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.1.10 Development of Sound and Estuarine System
Not addressed
Not addressed
Relies on CAMA for
Islands -- Development of sound and estuarine systems
review and permitting,
islands shall be carefully controlled. If development
page 47
must occur, low intensive uses such as open space,
recreation, and low density residential development
shall be preferred.
2.2.1 Productive Agricultural Lands -- The continued
States that there is not
Inconsistent, does not wish
Not applicable, page 47
productive agricultural use of lands on the Dare County
much potential for
to promote Ch. 10, page 63
mainland shall be supported, provided that such
agricultural land use in
activities have no significant adverse impacts on the
KDH, page 56
environmental quality of Dare County's estuarine
stem waters.
2.2.2 Commercial Forestlands -- Commercial forestry
Inconsistent, page 56
Inconsistent, does not with
Not applicable, page 47
activities shall be supported in Dare County, so long as
to promote Ch. 10 page 63
such activities are done in accordance with standards
and recommendations of the U.S. Forest Service, and
can be shown to have no significant adverse impacts on
other natural resource systems.
2.2.3 Mineral Production Areas -- The location and
Not addressed
Inconsistent, does not wish
Not applicable, page 47
development of mineral production areas in Dare
to promote, Ch. 10, page
County shall be carefully controlled. Approval of any
63
mining site shall be subject to a review of potential
adverse impacts on the site's natural conditions, and the
visual and other impacts on adjoining lands.
2.2.4 Fisheries Resources -- The continued
Opposes government
Consistent, Ch. 10, page
Consistent, page 47
productivity of commercial and recreational fisheries
regulation of conflicting or
64 and Ch. 4, page 18
shall be fostered through restoration and protection of
competing ocean uses,
the unique coastal ecosystems upon which they depend.
particularly fishing, page
55
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix 13-1 Page 157

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.1.10 Development of Sound and Estuarine System
Consistent, page 26, policy 2
Not addressed
Islands -- Development of sound and estuarine systems
islands shall be carefully controlled. If development must
occur, low intensive uses such as open space, recreation,
and low density residential development shall be preferred.
2.2.1 Productive Agricultural Lands -- The continued
Not applicable, page 2
Inconsistent, does not allow, page 10
productive agricultural use of lands on the Dare County
mainland shall be supported, provided that such activities
have no significant adverse impacts on the environmental
quality of Dare Coun 's estuarine system waters.
2.2.2 Commercial Forestlands -- Commercial forestry
Inconsistent, page 2
Inconsistent, does not allow,
activities shall be supported in Dare County, so long as
page 10
such activities are done in accordance with standards and
recommendations of the U.S. Forest Service, and can be
shown to have no significant adverse impacts on other
natural resource systems.
2.2.3 Mineral Production Areas -- The location and
Not applicable, page 2
Inconsistent, does not allow, page 10
development of mineral production areas in Dare County
shall be carefully controlled. Approval of any mining site
shall be subject to a review of potential adverse impacts on
the site's natural conditions, and the visual and other
impacts on adjoining lands.
2.2.4 Fisheries Resources -- The continued productivity of
Consistent, page 52, policy 6
Inconsistent, does not allow, page
commercial and recreational fisheries shall be fostered
10,
through restoration and protection of the unique coastal
ecosystems upon which they depend.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-1
r
M M
Page 158

DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.2.5 Off -Road Vehicles -- Efforts to properly balance
Consistent, page 55
Not addressed
Not applicable, page 47
and control the use of off -road vehicles use along the
County's beaches, dune areas, and estuarine shorelines
shall continue to receive support from the County
government.
2.2.6 Development Impacts -- Dare County shall
Not addressed
Consistent, Ch. 10, page
Not addressed
cooperate fully with all federal, state, regional, and
64
local agencies in their review of developments of
potentially significant impact.
2.2.7 Trees and Vegetation -- The County of Dare is
Discussion centers on
Consistent, Ch. 4, page 20
Not addressed
opposed to indiscriminate land clearing and tree
maritime forest
removal activities.
management, page 60
2.2.8 Cultural, Historic, and Archaeologically
Somewhat consistent, page
Consistent, Ch. 4, page 20
Consistent, page 49
Significant Lands and Structures -- The Dare County
79
Board of Commissioners supports the protection of
structures, lands, and artifacts that have been identified
by the N.C. Department of Cultural Resources, Division
of Archives and History as archaeologically or
historically significant. On a case by case basis,
individual protection management strategies should be
implemented to insure archaeological and/or historical
resources are not destroyed.
2.3.1 Types and Locations of Desired Industries --
Consistent, page 56
Inconsistent, does not wish
Encourages most land
Industrial developments which have excessive noise,
to promote industry of any
uses, page 47
odor, or other harmful pollution shall be discouraged
kind, Ch. 10, page 63
from locating in Dare County, unless such adverse
impacts can be clearly overcome through effective
mitigation. Industrial sites shall be located on land
which is environmentally suitable and has unique
locational advantages for industry.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-1 Page 159

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.2.5 Off -Road Vehicles -- Efforts to properly balance
Consistent, page 54, policy 7
Inconsistent, does not allow,
and control the use of off -road vehicles use along the
page 9
County's beaches, dune areas, and estuarine shorelines
shall continue to receive support from the County
government.
2.2.6 Development Impacts -- Dare County shall
Not addressed
Consistent, page 10
cooperate fully with all federal, state, regional, and
local agencies in their review of developments of
potentially significant impact.
2.2.7 Trees and Vegetation -- The County of Dare is
Consistent, page 82, policy 13
Not addressed
opposed to indiscriminate land clearing and tree
removal activities.
2.2.8 Cultural, Historic, and Archaeologically
Consistent, page 52, policy 8
Not addressed
Significant Lands and Structures -- The Dare County
Board of Commissioners supports the protection of
structures, lands, and artifacts that have been identified
by the N.C. Department of Cultural Resources, Division
of Archives and History as archaeologically or
historically significant. On a case by case basis,
individual protection management strategies should be
implemented to insure archaeological and/or historical
resources are not destroyed.
2.3.1 Types and Locations of Desired Industries --
Not applicable, page 2
Inconsistent, does not allow any
Industrial developments which have excessive noise,
industrial use, page 10
odor, or other harmful pollution shall be discouraged
from locating in Dare County, unless such adverse
impacts can be clearly overcome through effective
mitigation. Industrial sites shall be located on land
which is environmentally suitable and has unique
locational advantages for industry.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-1
Page 160

DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.3.2 Provision of Services to Development — Publicly
Consistent, page 51
Not addressed
Inconsistent, pursuing
financed urban services shall be funded and provided to
annexation of areas, page
keep pace with, but not serve as an incentive to, growth
62
and development.
2.3.3 Urban Growth Pattern -- Where urban services
Not specifically mentioned
Consistent, Ch. 10, page
Consistent, page 58, policy
are not provided, Iow density, single family residences
63
a
and only low density multi -family residences shall be
the preferred development form. Commercial strip
development shall be discouraged.
2.3.4 Redevelopment -- Redeveloped areas and
Consistent, page 103,
Consistent, Ch. 8, page 56
Not addressed
structures shall conform to current, more restrictive
items 1 and 2
development standards.
2.3.5 State and Federal Program Support -- State and
Consistent, page 58
Not addressed
Not addressed
federally funded water and highway transportation
projects shall receive the highest level of support, in
light of their potential impact on the public safety and
economic health of the area.
2.3.6 Channel Maintenance and Beach Nourishment --
CM -- Not addressed
CM -- consistent, Ch. 7,
CM — Consistent, page 43,
Continued maintenance of navigable channels in Dare
BN -- inconsistent,
page 36
policy b
County should receive a high level of support at the
supports, page 53
BN -- consistent, Ch. 10,
and page 61, policy g
State, Federal and local level. Beach nourishment
page 65
BN -- not addressed
projects should not be considered a priority for funding
in comparison to other more essential publicly financed
needs.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-1 Page 161

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.3.2 Provision of Services to Development -- Publicly
Consistent, page 81, policy 11 and
Consistent, page 10, policy 1
financed urban services shall be funded and provided to
page 47, policy 9
keep pace with, but not serve as an incentive to, growth
and development.
2.3.3 Urban Growth Pattern -- Where urban services are
Consistent, page 46, policies 2 and 4
Consistent, page 10, policy 2
not provided, low density, single family residences and
only low density multi -family residences shall be the
preferred development form. Commercial strip
development shall be discouraged.
2.3.4 Redevelopment -- Redeveloped areas and structures
See Hurricane Plan
Consistent, page 11
shall conform to current, more restrictive development
standards.
2.3.5 State and Federal Program Support -- State and
Consistent, page 83, policy 16
Consistent, page 10
federally funded water and highway transportation projects
shall receive the highest level of support, in light of their
potential impact on the public safety and economic health
of the area.
2.3.6 Channel Maintenance and Beach Nourishment --
CM -- not applicable, page 2
CM -- consistent, page 10
Continued maintenance of navigable channels in Dare
BN -- supports studies, page 27,
BN -- Supports CRC prohibition on
County should receive a high level of support at the State,
policy 12
hardened structures, page 10,
Federal and local level. Beach nourishment projects
policy 2
should not be considered a priority for funding in
comparison to other more essential publicly financed
needs.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-1
Page 162

M r M M M M M M M
DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HELLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.3.7 Energy Facilities -- Dare County is opposed to
Consistent, page 78
Consistent, Ch. 10, page
States that the Town does
the development of any petro-chemical energy facility
63
not need policy direction
or related improvement within its jurisdictional lands
regarding offshore drilling,
or waters. This includes all structures, operations, and
page 48
activities associated with petro-chemical energy facility
development, such as, but not limited to, on -shore
support bases for offshore exploration activities, staging
areas, transmission and/or production pipelines,
pipeline storage yards, and other similar structures,
activities, and improvements related to petro-chemical
energy facility development, exploration, or production.
Dare County supports research and development of
non -fossil fuel alternatives for energy production.
2.3.8 Tourism and Beach and Waterfront Access --
Tourism is supported,
Access -- consistent, Ch. 7,
Supports tourism, page 60,
Dare County supports North Carolina's shorefront
page 56
pages 35-36
policy a
access policies as stated in 15NCAC7H, Section .0300.
Access -- Consistent ,page
Tourism -- consistent, Ch.
Beach access is not
These policies recognize the need to provide reasonable
85
3, page 9
applicable
public access to beaches and estuarine waters.
2.3.9 Coastal and Estuarine Water Access -- In
Consistent, page 85
Consistent, Ch. 7, pages
Not addressed
addition to ocean beach access, Dare County supports
35-36
the creation of public access opportunities to estuarine
waters, including opportunities for parking, boating,
and pedestrian access.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-1 Page 163

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.3.7 Energy Facilities -- Dare County is opposed to the
Consistent, page 27, policy 9
Consistent, page 10
development of any petro-chemical energy facility or
related improvement within its jurisdictional lands or
waters. This includes all structures, operations, and
activities associated with petro-chemical energy facility
development, such as, but not limited to, on -shore support
bases for offshore exploration activities, staging areas,
transmission and/or production pipelines, pipeline storage
yards, and other similar structures, activities, and
improvements related to petro-chemical energy facility
development, exploration, or production. Dare County
supports research and development of non -fossil fuel
alternatives for energy production.
2.3.8 Tourism and Beach and Waterfront Access -- Dare
Consistent, page 80, policy 8 and
Does not support tourism, page 11
County supports North Carolina's shorefront access
page 54, policies 1 and 8
policies as stated in 15NCAC7H, Section .0300. These
policies recognize the need to provide reasonable public
access to beaches and estuarine waters.
2.3.9 Coastal and Estuarine Water Access -- In addition to
Consistent, page 54, policies 1 and
Inconsistent, access for residents and
ocean beach access, Dare County supports the creation of
8; page 80, policy 8
guests only, page 11
public access opportunities to estuarine waters, including
opportunities for parking, boating, and pedestrian access.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-1
Page 164
M

M
DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.3.10 Residential Development -- Single family low
Uses 3 tier approach as
Consistent, Ch. 10, page
Consistent, page 58, policy
density housing shall be the preferred form in Dare
described on page 75
63,
a
County, particularly in instances where higher density
residential developments would place a strain on water
supply, sewage treatment, increased stormwater runoff,
or traffic congestion and evacuation. Multi -family
development shall be encouraged to locate in areas
adequately served by urban services, and
environmentally suited for such development.
2.3.11 Commercial Development -- Commercial
Somewhat consistent, page
Consistent, Ch. 10, page
Consistent, pages 58-59
developments shall be located and expressly designed
77
63
to meet the needs of the market area they are intended
to serve, consistent with the County's land classification
system. Uncontrolled strip development shall be
discouraged.
2.3.12 Solid Waste -- Dare County recognizes the need
Not addressed
States that the Town will
Not addressed
for a regional solution to the solid waste issue and will
continue to contract with
work diligently toward that end.
the County, Ch. 7, page 42
2.3.13 Low and Moderate Income housing -- Public
Not addressed
Not addressed
Not addressed
and private sector efforts to meet the housing needs of
low to moderate income residents shall be supported.
2.3.14 Land Clearing -- Developments which preserve
Not addressed
Consistent, Ch. 4, page 20
Not addressed
the natural features of the site, including significant
vegetation shall be encouraged.
2.3.15 Street Maintenance -- County government shall
Discussion not related to
Discussion is not related to
Discussion is not related to
not absorb the costs of maintaining privately -owned
County's policy
County's policy.
County's policy.
streets.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix 13-1 Page 165

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.3.10 Residential Development --Single family low
Consistent, page 79, policy 6
Consistent, page 10, policies 3 and 5
density housing shall be the preferred form in Dare
County, particularly in instances where higher density
residential developments would place a strain on water
supply, sewage treatment, increased stormwater runoff, or
traffic congestion and evacuation. Multi -family
development shall be encouraged to locate in areas
adequately served by urban services, and environmentally
suited for such development.
2.3.11 Commercial Development -- Commercial
Consistent, page 79, policy 6
Consistent, page 10, policy 2
developments shall be located and expressly designed to
meet the needs of the market area they are intended to
serve, consistent with the County's land classification
system. Uncontrolled strip development shall be
discouraged.
2.3.12 Solid Waste -- Dare County recognizes the need for
Consistent, page 81, policy 12
Not addressed
a regional solution to the solid waste issue and will work
diligently toward that end.
2.3.13 Low and Moderate Income housing -- Public and
Consistent, page 49, policy 3
Not addressed
private sector efforts to meet the housing needs of low to
moderate income residents shall be supported.
2.3.14 Land Clearing -- Developments which preserve the
Not addressed
Not addressed
natural features of the site, including significant vegetation
shall be encouraged.
2.3.15 Street Maintenance -- County government shall not
Discussion not related to County's
Discussion is not related to County's
absorb the costs of maintaining privately -owned streets.
policy.
policy.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-1
Page 166

M r M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.3.16 Bikeways/Walkways -- Dare County encourages
Consistent, page 73
Consistent, Ch. 7, page 33
Consistent, page 54, policy
the development of bikeways as projects incidental to
g
highway improvement and construction projects. The
designation and/or development of other bicycle
facilities and routes not directly associated with the
highway shall also be encouraged.
2.4.1 Public Participation -- Opportunities for public
Consistent, page 91
Not addressed
Consistent, page 64, policy
involvement with land use issues shall be provided on a
a
continuing basis to all residents and will be scheduled
for evening meetings to encourage the greatest possible
participation.
2.5.1(a) Dare County shall discourage high intensity
Consistent, page 99, item 2
Consistent, Ch. 8, page 50
Consistent, page 66, policy
uses and large structures from being constructed within
b
the 100 year floodplain, erosion -prone areas, and other
locations susceptible to hurricane and flooding hazards.
2.5.1(b) Dare County, in cooperation with the State of
Not addressed
Consistent, Ch. 8, page 51
Not addressed
North Carolina, shall consider purchasing parcels
located in hazard areas or rendered unbuildable by
storms or other events, for the purposes of shoreline
access. Developers may also be required to purchase
such properties for public access as a condition for
project a royal.
2.S.1(c) Dare County shall require all new construction
Consistent, page 99, item 2
Consistent, Ch. 8, page 50
Not addressed
to conform to current coastal construction standards,
and page 103, item 2
particularly those provisions which require construction
to meet wind resistive factors, i.e. design, wind
velocity.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-1 Page 167

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.3.16 Bikeways/Walkways -- Dare County encourages the
Consistent, page 54, policy 3
Consistent, page 11
development of bikeways as projects incidental to highway
improvement and construction projects. The designation
and/or development of other bicycle facilities and routes
not directly associated with the highway shall also be
encouraged.
2.4.1 Public Participation -- Opportunities for public
Consistent, page 82, policy 15
Consistent, page 13, policy 2
involvement with land use issues shall be provided on a
continuing basis to all residents and will be scheduled for
evening meetings to encourage the greatest possible
participation.
2.5.1(a) Dare County shall discourage high intensity uses
Consistent, page 31, policy 1 -- Pre-
Consistent, page 12, policies 1 and 2
and large structures from being constructed within the 100
storm mitigation
year floodplain, erosion -prone areas, and other locations
susceptible to hurricane and flooding hazards.
2.5.1(b) Dare County, in cooperation with the State of
Consistent page 31, policy 3 -- Pre-
Consistent, page 12, policy 9
North Carolina, shall consider purchasing parcels located
storm mitigation and policy 3 Post -
in hazard areas or rendered unbuildable by storms or other
storm construction
events, for the purposes of shoreline access. Developers
may also be required to purchase such properties for public
access as a condition for project approval.
2.5.1(c) Dare County shall require all new construction to
Consistent, page 31, policy 1 --Post-
Consistent, page 12, policy 2
conform to current coastal construction standards,
storm construction
particularly those provisions which require construction to
meet wind resistive factors, i.e. design, wind velocity.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-1
Page168
M M r M M M M M M M i M w M M ■i M M M

M M M ! M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL. MILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.5.2(a) The Board of County Commissioners of Dare
Consistent, page 103
Not addressed
Not addressed
County shall be ultimately responsible for supervising
the implementation of policies and procedures
contained in the disaster relief and assistance plan and
thepost-disaster recovery policies of the LUP.
2.5.2(b) In the event of a damaging hurricane or other
Does not include a
Does not include a
Does not include a
disastrous event, the Board of Commissioners may
comparable policy
comparable policy
comparable policy
declare a moratorium of up to 180 days on the
acceptance of any request for rezoning other than for
rezoning to a less intensive use, unless that rezoning
request is initiated by the County.
2.5.2(c) In the event of extensive hurricane damage to
Consistent, page 104,
Consistent, Ch. 8, page 56
Consistent, page 68, policy
public utilities requiring replacement or relocation of
items 7-9
c
these utilities, efforts shall be made to locate damaged
utilities away from hurricane hazard areas or to
strengthen their construction.
2.5.2(d) Priority shall be given to those repairs that
Does not include a
Does not include a
Does not include a
will restore service to as many persons as soon as
comparable policy
comparable policy
comparable policy
possible.
2.5.2(e) The Board of County Commissioners may
Consistent, page 104,
Consistent, Ch. 8, page 52
Not addressed, discusses a
declare a moratorium of up to 180 days on the
items 4 and 6
"permit delay"
permitting of any new construction, including new
utility hookups or redevelopment construction that
would increase the intensity of the land uses existing
before the hurricane.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-1 Page 169

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.5.2(a) The Board of County Commissioners of Dare
Hurricane Plan establishes a
Consistent, page 12, policy 14
County shall be ultimately responsible for supervising the
reconstruction task force to oversee
implementation of policies and procedures contained in the
reconstruction efforts, page 65
disaster relief and assistance plan and the post -disaster
recovery policies of the LUP.
2.5.2(b) In the event of a damaging hurricane or other
See discussion in Hurricane Plan,
Does not include a comparable
disastrous event, the Board of Commissioners may declare
page 69
policy
a moratorium of up to 180 days on the acceptance of any
request for rezoning other than for rezoning to a less
intensive use, unless that rezoning request is initiated by
the County.
2.5.2(c) In the event of extensive hurricane damage to
See discussion in Hurricane Plan,
Does not include a comparable
public utilities requiring replacement or relocation of these
page 64, policy 5
policy
utilities, efforts shall be made to locate damaged utilities
away from hurricane hazard areas or to strengthen their
construction.
2.5.2(d) Priority shall be given to those repairs that will
See discussion in Hurricane Plan,
Does not include a comparable
restore service to as many persons as soon as possible.
page 64,
policy
2.5.2(e) The Board of County Commissioners may declare
See Hurricane Plan
Does not include a comparable
a moratorium of up to 180 days on the permitting of any
policy
new construction, including new utility hookups or
redevelopment construction that would increase the
intensity of the land uses existing before the hurricane.
2.5.3 Dare County shall continue to work closely with
Consistent, page 34, policies 2 and 4
Does not include a comparable
emergency management agency personnel in the
policy
preparation of the County's evacuation plan. The County
shall also continue to press for necessary improvements for
effective evacuation of threatened areas.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-1
Page 170
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M

M
DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.5.3 Dare County shall continue to work closely with
Consistent, page 106,
Consistent, Ch. 8, page 53
Consistent, page 66, policy
emergency management agency personnel in the
items 14
a
preparation of the County's evacuation plan. The
County shall also continue to press for necessary
improvements for effective evacuation of threatened
areas.
The 1987 Kill Devil Hills Land Use Plan, the 1989 Kitty Hawk Land Use Plan, the 1992 Manteo Land Use Plan, the 1990 Nags Head Land Use Plan, and the
1992 Southern Shores Land Use Plan were the documents used in this comparison.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-1 Page 171

APPENDIX B-2 REVIEW OF 1994 DARE COUNTY POLICIES COMPARED TO MUNICIPAL POLICIES
DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.1.1 (a) Dare County supports the administration and
Supports State regulatory
Consistent, Ch. 7, page 31
Somewhat consistent, page
enforcement of Title 10, Chapter 10, Subchapter 10-A,
programs, page 58
41 policy b
Section .1900 of the laws and rules for sanitary sewage
collection, treatment, and disposal. In doing so, it is the
County's intent to protect the existing groundwater
resources, the natural conditions of estuarine waters, and
the public health, safety, and general welfare.
2.1.1 (b) Dare County supports, as minimum standards,
Supports Federal regulatory
Consistent, Ch. 4, page 19
Consistent, page 41, policy a
the administration and enforcement of all applicable
programs, page 58
floodplain management regulations, and the National
Flood Insurance Program.
2.1.1 (c) Dare County believes that there is insufficient,
Not addressed
Not addressed
Not addressed
reliable data to quantify the rate of sea level rise. This
phenomenon needs additional study. Until a more reliable
and conclusive database has been established, Dare County
will continue to rely on AEC standards for development
limitations.
2.1.2 (a) Coastal Wetlands -- Dare County advocates the
Consistent, page 47
Consistent, Ch. 4, page 18
Consistent, page 42, policy b
use of existing State and Federal regulatory programs as
adequate measures for protecting and preserving coastal
wetland areas of environmental concern (AECs).
2.1.2 (b) Estuarine Waters -- Estuarine shoreline
Consistent, page 47
Consistent, Ch. 4, page 18
Consistent, page 42
development should continue to be managed to protect and
preserve the natural resources of the estuarine waters. In
addition, development located in estuarine waters shall be
water -dependent, related to development on the estuarine
shoreline, or an accessory use to a structure on the
estuarine shoreline.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2 Page 172

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.1.1 (a) Dare County supports the administration and
Consistent, page 44, policy 6
Consistent, page 9
enforcement of Title 10, Chapter 10, Subchapter 10-A,
Section .1900 of the laws and rules for sanitary sewage
collection, treatment, and disposal. In doing so, it is the
County's intent to protect the existing groundwater
resources, the natural conditions of estuarine waters, and
the public health, safety, and general welfare.
2.1.1 (b) Dare County supports, as minimum standards,
Consistent, page 31, policy 5
Consistent, page 8, policy 1
the administration and enforcement of all applicable
floodplain management regulations, and the National
Flood Insurance Program.
2.1.1 (c) Dare County believes that there is insufficient,
Not addressed
Not addressed
reliable data to quantify the rate of sea level rise. This
phenomenon needs additional study. Until a more reliable
and conclusive database has been established, Dare County
will continue to rely on AEC standards for development
limitations.
2.1.2 (a) Coastal Wetlands -- Dare County advocates the
Somewhat consistent, page 26,
Consistent, page 9
use of existing State and Federal regulatory programs as
policy 2
adequate measures for protecting and preserving coastal
wetland areas of environmental concern AECs).
2.1.2 (b) Estuarine Waters -- Estuarine shoreline
Consistent, page 78, policy 5
Consistent, page 8, policy 12
development should continue to be managed to protect and
and page 37, policy 1
and page 10, policy 1
preserve the natural resources of the estuarine waters. In
addition, development located in estuarine waters shall be
water -dependent, related to development on the estuarine
shoreline, or an accessory use to a structure on the
estuarine shoreline.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2
r
M M M
Page 173

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
Policy 2.1.2 (c-1) Public Trust Areas -- Dare County
supports the preservation and protection of the public's
right to access and use of the public trust areas and waters
2.1.2 (c-2) Public Trust Areas -- Dare County advocates a
Consistent, page 47
Consistent, Ch. 4, page 18
Consistent, page 42, policy a
management program at the State or Federal level to
address the competition among recreational users of public
trust waters. However, Dare County reserves the right to
review, comment, advocate or oppose any proposed
regulations or programs that may affect the public trust
waters.
2.1.2 (d-1) Estuarine Shorelines -- Estuarine shoreline
Consistent, page 48
Consistent, Ch. 4, page 18
Consistent, page 42, policy c
development should continue to be managed to protect and
preserve the natural resources along the estuarine
shoreline.
2.1.2 (d-2) Estuarine Shorelines -- Dare County supports
Consistent, page 54
Not addressed
Relies on CAMA's review
the installation of estuarine bulkheads properly aligned and
and permitting, page 47
permitted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the
Division of Coastal Management. Whenever possible, off-
shore estuarine breakwaters may be considered as an
alternative to bulkhead construction.
2.1.2 (e) Ocean Hazard Areas -- Oceanfront shoreline
Consistent, page 48
Consistent, Ch. 4, pages 18-
Not applicable
development should continue to be managed to protect and
19
reserve the natural resources along the oceanfront.
2.1.2 (f) Public Water Supply AECs -- Development in
Consistent, page 62 and page
Not addressed
Consistent, page 41, policy b
any public water supply AEC should be managed to protect
48
the long-term viability of the groundwater resources.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2 Page 174

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
Policy 2.1.2 (c-1) Public Trust Areas -- Dare County
supports the preservation and protection of the public's
right to access and use of the public trust areas and waters
2.1.2 (c-2) Public Trust Areas -- Dare County advocates a
Not addressed
Consistent, page 9
management program at the State or Federal level to
address the competition among recreational users of public
trust waters. However, Dare County reserves the right to
review, comment, advocate, or oppose any proposed
regulations, or programs that may affect the public trust
waters.
2.1.2 (d-1) Estuarine Shorelines — Estuarine shoreline
Consistent, page 27, policy 11
Consistent, page 8, policy 2
development should continue to be managed to protect and
preserve the natural resources along the estuarine
shoreline.
2.1.2 (d-2) Dare County supports the installation of
Consistent, page 27, policy 5
Consistent, page 9
estuarine bulkheads properly aligned and permitted by the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Division of Coastal
Management. Whenever possible, off -shore estuarine
breakwaters may be considered as an alternative to
bulkhead construction.
2.1.2 (e) Ocean Hazard Areas -- Oceanfront shoreline
Consistent, page 26, policy 2
Consistent, page 9, policy 1
development should continue to be managed to protect and
reserve the natural resources along the oceanfront.
2.1.2 (f) Public Water Supply AECs -- Development in
Consistent, page 37, policy 1
Discussion of AECs does not include
any public water supply AEC should be managed to protect
this topic
the long-term viability of the groundwater resources.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2
Page 175
r M M M M M M M M M M M M M

DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.1.2 (g) Natural and Cultural Resource AECs -- Dare
Not addressed
Consistent, Ch. 4, page 20
Consistent, page 49
County advocates the management of fragile, coastal,
natural, and cultural resource areas as defined in
15NCAC7H, Section .0500. When such areas are of local
significance, Dare County supports the use of local zoning
ordinances as the appropriate management tool.
2.1.2 (h-1) Freshwater Swamps and Marshes -- Dare
Not addressed
Not addressed
Not addressed
County supports the Coastal Resources Commission's
policy to mitigate losses of coastal resources for those
projects shown to be in the public interest, as defined by
the standards in NCAC7M.0700 et. seq. and only after all
other means of avoiding or minimizing such losses have
been exhausted.
2.1.2 (h-2) Dare County supports the U.S. Army Corps of
Not addressed
Not addressed
Consistent, page 42, policy e
Engineers Nationwide Permit Program.
2.1.2 (i) Maritime Forests -- Dare County advocates a
Same goal of protection for
Same goal of protection for
Not addressed
combination of limited development guided by the local
maritime forests, page 79
Kitty Hawk Woods, Ch. 4,
SED-1 zoning ordinance and a program of public
page 20
acquisition to manage the Buxton Woods maritime forest.
2.1.3 (a) Cultural, Historical, and Archaeologically
Consistent, page 79
Consistent Ch. 4, page 20
Consistent page 49
Significant Lands and Structures -- The Dare County
Board of Commissioners supports the protection of
structures, lands, and artifacts that have been identified by
the N.C. Department of Cultural Resources, Division of
Archives and History, as archaeologically or historically
significant. On a case by case basis, individual
protection/management strategies should be implemented
to ensure archaeological and historical resources are not
destroyed.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2 Page 176

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.1.2 (g) Natural and Cultural Resource AECs -- Dare
Not addressed
Discussion of AECs does not include
County advocates the management of fragile, coastal,
this topic
natural, and cultural resource areas as defined in
15NCAC7H, Section .0500. When such areas are of local
significance, Dare County supports the use of local zoning
ordinances as the appMriate management tool.
2.1.2 (h-1) Freshwater Swamps and Marshes — Dare
Not addressed
Not addressed
County supports the Coastal Resources Commission's
policy to mitigate losses of coastal resources for those
projects shown to be in the public interest, as defined by
the standards in NCAC7M.0700 et. seq. and only after all
other means of avoiding or minimizing such losses have
been exhausted.
2.1.2 (h-2) Dare County supports the U.S. Army Corps of
Supports only water -dependent uses
Consistent, page 8, policy 1
Engineers Nationwide Permit Program.
for 404 areas, page 27
2.1.2 (i) Maritime Forests -- Dare County advocates a
Same goal for protection of Nags
Not addressed
combination of limited development guided by the local
Head Woods, page 80, policy 10
SED-1 'zoning ordinance and a program of public
acquisition to manage the Buxton Woods maritime forest.
2.1.3 (a) Cultural, Historical, and Archaeologically
Consistent, page 52, policy 8
Not addressed
Significant Lands and Structures -- The Dare County
Board of Commissioners supports the protection of
structures, lands, and artifacts that have been identified by
the N.C. Department of Cultural Resources, Division of
Archives and History, as archaeologically or historically
significant. On a case by case basis, individual
protection/management strategies should be implemented
to ensure archaeological and historical resources are not
destroyed.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2
Page177

DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.1.3 (b) Manmade Hazards -- The development of Dare
Not addressed
Not addressed
Not addressed
County's airports and the surrounding areas shall be
carefully reviewed to minimize land use conflicts and
hazardous conditions. Dare County does not support the
expansion of the Dare County Regional Airport at its
current location.
2.1.4 Protection of Drinking Water Supply -- Dare County
Consistent, page 62
Discusses water service from
Consistent, page 41, policy b
recognizes groundwater resources as an essential element
County, Ch. 7, page 10
for drinking water supply. The management of
groundwater resources and their protection is a priority
issue in Dare County.
2.1.5 (a) Outstanding Resource and Shellfish Waters --
Dare County efforts by local, State, and Federal agencies to
preserve water quality under existing natural conditions
and to improve water quality where a decline has been
identifeid. These efforts include the designation of
outstanding resource waters and shellfish water
classification criteria established by the North Carolina
Division of Environmental Management.
2.1.5 (b) Stormwater Management -- Stormwater runoff
Does not include a policy,
Consistent, Ch. 4, page 14
Consistent, page 45, policy d
should be managed to the greatest possible degree to
but does discuss the issue on
protect the quality of water in all water bodies surrounding
page 59
Dare County.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2 Page 178

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.1.3 (b) Manmade Hazards -- The development of Dare
Not addressed
Not addressed
County's airports and the surrounding areas shall be
carefully reviewed to minimize land use conflicts and
hazardous conditions. Dare County does not support the
expansion of the Dare County Regional Airport at its
current location.
2.1.4 Protection of Drinking Water Supply -- Dare County
Consistent, page 78, policy 5 and
Does not address protection of water
recognizes groundwater resources as an essential element
page 37, policy 1
supply but discusses service from the
for drinking water supply. The management of
County and the sale of water to
groundwater resources and their protection is a priority
Currituck County by Dare County,
issue in Dare County. a
page 9
2.1.5 (a) Outstanding Resource and Shellfish Waters --
Dare County efforts by local, State, and Federal agencies to
preserve water quality under existing natural conditions
and to improve water quality where a decline has been
identifeid. These efforts include the designation of
outstanding resource waters and shellfish water '
classification criteria established by the North Carolina
Division of Environmental Management.
2.1.5 (b) Stormwater Management -- Stormwater runoff
Consistent, page 37, policy 3 and
Consistent, page 9
should be managed to the greatest possible degree to
page 38 policies 8-9
protect the quality of water in all water bodies surrounding
Dare County.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2
Page 179
M

DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.1.5 (c) Marinas -- Dare County supports the
Marinas are not discussed
Somewhat consistent, Ch.
Somewhat consistent, page
development of marinas to provide for boating access to the
10, page 64; does not
44 policies d-g; Relies on
area's water bodies. Marina development is encouraged in
mention upland excavation
CAMA's review and
upland basins and in waters not open for shellfish
or dry stack storage.
permitting for upland
harvesting and should comply with all State and Federal
excavation; does not mention
regulations concerning location and design. The County
dry stack storage
encourages the dry stack option of boat storage.
2.1.5 (d) Floating Structures and Homes -- Dare County is
Consistent, page 61
Consistent, Ch. 10, page 64
Does not allow "live -
opposed to the mooring of floatinghomes and floating
aboards" page 42
structures anywhere in Dare County or its surrounding _
waters.
2.1.6 Development of Sound and Estuarine System Islands
Not addressed
Not addressed
Relies on CAMA's review
Development of sound and estuarine system islands shall
and permitting, page 47
be carefully managed. Low intensity uses such as open
space, recreation, and low density residential development
shall be the preferred uses of these islands.
2.1.7 Protection of Existing Trees and Vegetation -- The
Discussion centers on
Consistent, Ch. 4, page 20
Not addressed
County advocates a program of public information on best
maritime forest
management practices for tree removal and land clearing
management, page 60
on private property.
2.2.1 Productive Agricultural Lands -- Dare County'
States that there is not much
Inconsistent, Ch. 10, page 63
Not applicable, page 47
supports the use of certain portions of the Mainland area of
potential for agricultural
the County for agriculture. The County also advocates
land use in KDH, page 56
voluntary participation in the State of North Carolina's best
management practice programs for farm management.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2 Page 180

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.1.5 (c) Marinas -- Dare County supports the
Somewhat inconsistent -- allows
Inconsistent, page 10, policy 2; does
development of marinas to provide for boating access to the
marinas with less than 10 slips, page
not allow marinas or dry stack
area's water bodies. Marina development is encouraged in
2; does not allow upland basins or
storage
upland basins and in waters not open for shellfish
dry stack storage, page 2
harvesting and should comply with all State and Federal
regulations concerning location and design. The County
encourages the dry stack option of boat storage.
2.1.5 (d) Floating Structures and Homes -- Dare County is
Consistent, page 2, does not allow
Consistent, page 10, policy 2
opposed to the mooring of floating homes and floating
structures anywhere in Dare County or its surrounding
waters.
2.1.6 Development of Sound and Estuarine System Islands
Somewhat consistent, page 26,
Not addressed
Development of sound and estuarine system islands shall
policy 2
be carefully managed. Low intensity uses such as open
space, recreation, and low density residential development
shall be the preferred uses of these islands.
2.1:7 Protection of Existing Trees and Vegetation -- The
Somewhat consistent, page 82,
Not addressed
County advocates a program of public information on best
policy 13
management practices for tree removal and land clearing
on private property.
2.2.1 Productive Agricultural Lands -- Dare County
Not applicable, page 2
Inconsistent, does not allow, page 10
supports the use of certain portions of the Mainland area of
the County for agriculture. The County also advocates
voluntary participation in the State of North Carolina's best
management ractice ro rams for farm management.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2
Page181

M
DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.2.2 Commercial Forestry -- Commercial forestry
Not addressed
Inconsistent, does not wish
Not applicable, page 47
activities shall be supported by Dare County, so long as
to promote, Ch. 10, page 63
such activities are done in accordance with the standards
and recommendations of the U.S. Forest Service. The
County also advocates the voluntary participation in the
State of North Carolina's best management practice
program for forestry management.
2.2.3 Mineral Production -- Dare County advocates local
Not addressed
Inconsistent, does not wish
Not applicable, page 47
level management of those mining activities that are not
to promote, Ch. 10, page 63
subject to permit authorization by the State of North
Carolina.
2.2.4-a Fisheries Resources -- The continued productivity
of commercial and recreational fisheries shall be fostered
through restoration and protection of the unique coastal
ecosystems upon which they depend.
2.2.4-b Fisheries Resources -- Dare County supports
measures to protect and preserve designated primary
nursery areas.
2.2.4-c Fisheries Resources -- State and Federal agencies
Inconsistent, opposes
Not addressed
Not addressed
with the authority'to manage fisheries resources should be
government regulation of
the responsible parties for the resolution of conflicts
conflicting or competing
involving fisheries resources in Dare County. However,
ocean uses, particularly
Dare County reserves the right to review, comment,
fishing, page.55
advocate, or oppose any proposed regulations or programs
that may affect the fisheries resources or 'manage ent.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2 Page 182

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.2.2 Commercial Forestry -- Commercial forestry
Inconsistent, page 2
Inconsistent, does not allow, page 10
activities shall be supported by Dare County, so long as
such activities are done in accordance with the standards
and recommendations of the U.S. Forest Service. The
County also advocates the voluntary participation in the
State of North Carolina's best management practice
program for forestry management.
2.2.3 Mineral Production -- Dare County advocates local
Not applicable, page
Inconsistent, does not allow, page 10
level management of those mining activities that are not
subject to permit authorization by the State of North
Carolina.
2.2.4-a Fisheries Resources -- The continued productivity
Not addressed
Not addressed
of commercial and recreational fisheries shall be fostered
through restoration and protection of the unique coastal
ecosystems upon which they depend.
2.2.4-b Fisheries Resources -- Dare County supports
Not addressed
Not addressed
measures to protect and preserve designated primary
nursery areas.
2.2.4-c Fisheries Resources -- State and Federal agencies
Somewhat consistent, page 47,
Inconsistent, does not allow, page 10
with the authority to manage fisheries resources should be
policy 8; recognizes the potential for
the responsible parties for the resolution of conflicts
conflict
involving fisheries resources in Dare County. However,
Dare County reserves the right to review, comment,
advocate, or oppose any proposed regulations or programs
that may affect the fisheries resources or management.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2
Page 183

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M s M
DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.2.4-d Dare County supports the development of the
Not addressed
Not addressed
Not addressed
aquaculture industry as an alternative source of fishery
production.
2.2.5 Off -Road Vehicles -- Efforts to properly balance and
Consistent, page 55
Not specifically mentioned
Not applicable, page 47
control the use of off -road vehicles along the County's
beaches, dune areas, and estuarine shorelines shall
continue to receive support from the County government.,
2.2.6 Wildlife Resources -- Dare County supports the
Not addressed
Not addressed
Not addressed'
maintenance of several preserve areas for wildlife habitat
and access by the public to these areas for managed
wildlife harvestin and observation.
2.3.1 (a) Provision of Services, Water -- Dare County
Consistent, page 62
Discusses water service from
Consistent, page 41, policy b
recognizes groundwater resources as an essential element
the County, Ch. 7, page 30
of the drinking water supply. The management of
groundwater resources and their protection is a priority
issue in Dare County.
2.3.1(b-1) Provision of Services, Wastewater -- Dare
Somewhat inconsistent,
Somewhat consistent, Ch. 4,
Inconsistent, prohibits on -
County advocates the use of on -site septic tank/drainfield
favors a community -wide
page 14 and Ch. 7, page 31
site
systems as the primary method of wastewater treatment.
wastewater treatment system,
septic systems, page 45,
page 71
policy c
2.3.1 (b-2) Dare County will authorize the use of package
Somewhat consistent, page
Does not specifically prohibit
Inconsistent, prohibits en-
treatment plants as an alternative to septic tanks only when
71
or support, Ch. 7, page 31
site
soil conditions preclude the use of septic tanks and/or if a
septic systems, page 45,
reduction in the risk of environmental damage is achieved.
policy c
2.3.1 (b-3) The current minimum lot size standards shall
Not addressed
Not addressed
Not addressed
not be reduced regardless of the availability of central
wastewater treatment or the availability of a combination
of central wastewater treatment and central water supply.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2 Page 184

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.2.4-d Dare County supports the development of the"
Not addressed
Not addressed
aquaculture industry as an alternative source of fishery
production.
2.2.5 Off -Road Vehicles -- Efforts to properly balance and
Consistent; page 54, policy 7
Inconsistent, does not allow, page 9
control the use of off -road vehicles along the County's
beaches, dune areas, and estuarine shorelines shall
continue to receive support from the County overnment.
2.2.6 Wildlife Resources -- Dare County supports the
Not addressed
Not addressed
maintenance of several preserve areas for wildlife habitat
and access by the public to these areas for managed
wildlife harvesting and observation.
.2.3.1(a) Provision of Services, Water —Dare County
Consistent, page 37, policy 1 and
Discussion centers on County's sale
recognizes groundwater resources as an essential element
page 78, policy 5
of water to Currituck County, page 9
of the drinking water supply. The management of
groundwater resources and their protection is a priority
issue in Dare County.
2.3.1(b-1) Provision of Services, Wastewater -- Dare
Not specifically addressed
Not specifically mentioned
County advocates the use of on -site septic tank/drainfield
stems as the primary method of wastewater treatment.
2.3.1 (b-2) Dare County will authorize the use of package
Addresses tertiary treatment for
Allows for package treatment plants
treatment plants as an alternative to septic tanks only when
moderate to high density
for uses other than residential, page
soil conditions preclude the use of septic tanks and/or if a
developments, page 37, policy 2
9, policy 3
reduction in the risk of environmental damage is achieved.
2.3.1 (b-3) The current minimum lot size standards shall
Not addressed
Not specifically mentioned,
not be reduced regardless of the availability of central
page 9, policy 2
wastewater treatment or the availability of a combination
of central wastewater treatment and central water §ypply.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2
Page 185
M

M
DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.3.1-c Provision of Services, Utilities -- Dare County
Not an applicable issue in
Not an applicable issue in
Not an applicable issue in
supports efforts to upgrade electrical service to increase the
Towns
Towns
Towns
reliability and quality of the power supply to those portions
of unincorporated Dare County served by electric
membership cooperatives.
2.3.1 (d-1) Provision of Services, Solid Waste -- Dare
Not addressed
States that the Town will
Not addressed
County advocates a dual system of a local solid waste
continue to contract with the
management site and participation in a regional solid
County, Ch. 7, page 42
waste management authority.
2.3.1 (d-2) Provision of Services, Solid Waste -- Dare
Not addressed
Not addressed
Not addressed
County will consider a mandatory recycling program to
include roadside pick-up.
2.3.2-a Urban Growth Patterns -- Dare County shall strive
Not addressed
Not addressed
Somewhat consistent, page
to maintain its coastal village atmosphere by using land
58, policy a
use planning techniques to guide private sector market
forces in the direction of minimal commercialization with
single family homes as the preferred type of development.
2.3.2-b Urban Growth Patterns -- Public services shall be
Consistent, page 51
Not addressed
Inconsistent, pursuing
provided to meet the needs of , but not service as an
annexation of areas, page 62
incentive to, growth and develo ment.
2.3.2-c Urban Growth Patterns -- Dare County does not
Not addressed
Not addressed
Not addressed
advocate unlimited public acquisition of additional
privately -owned lands but reserves the right to review and
support or oppose each acquisition proposal on a case by
case basis.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2 Page 186

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.3.1-c Provision of Services, Utilities -- Dare County
Not an applicable issue in Towns
Not an applicable issue in Towns
supports efforts to upgrade electrical service to increase the
reliability and quality of the power supply to those portions
of unincorporated Dare County served by electric
membership cooperatives.
2.3.1 (d-1) Provision of Services, Solid Waste -- Dare
Not addressed, page 81, policy 12
Not addressed
County advocates a dual system of a local solid waste.
management site and participation in a regional solid
waste management authority.
2.3.1 (d-2) Provision of Services, Solid Waste -- Dare
Recycling is discussed but not a
Not addressed
County will'consider a mandatory recycling program to
mandatory program, page 81, policy
include roadside pick-up.
12
2.3.2-a Urban Growth Patterns -- Dare County shall strive
Consistent, page 46, policies 1-4
Consistent, page 10, policy 5
to maintain its coastal village atmosphere by using land
use planning techniques to guide private sector market
forces in the direction of minimal commercialization with
single family homes as the preferred type of development.
2.3.2-b Urban Growth Patterns -- Public services shall be
Consistent, page 81, policy 11 and
Consistent, page 10, policy 1
provided to meet the needs of , but not service as an
page 47, policy 9
incentive to, growth and development.
2.3.2-c Urban Growth Patterns -- Dare County does not
Not addressed
Not addressed
advocate unlimited public acquisition of additional
privately -owned lands but reserves the right to review and
support or oppose each acquisition proposal on a case by
case basis.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2
Page187
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DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.3.3-a Residential Development -- Single family housing
Uses 3 tier approach as
Consistent, Ch. 10, page 63,
Encourages most land uses,
shall be encouraged as the preferred land use in
described on page 75
page 47
unincorporated Dare County. Multi -family housing should
be considered only when the development does not exceed
5 units per acre.
2.3.3-b Residential Development -- Dare County shall not
Discussion not related to
Discussion is not related to
Discussion is not related to
be responsible for the cost of maintaining or repairs to
County's policy
County's policy.
County's policy.
privately -owned streets.
2.3.4 Affordable Housing -- Dare County does not
Not addressed
Not addressed
Not addressed
advocate the use of zoning incentives, such as density
increases; permit fee waivers and review fast -tracking, as a
means of stimulating affordable housing construction.
Private sector initiatives for affordable housing will be
reviewed on a case by ease basis.
2.3.5 Commercial Development -- Dare County will
Somewhat consistent, page
Consistent, Ch. 10, page 63
Consistent, pages 58-59
address opportunities for commercial development by
77
adopting zoning maps for unzoned portions of
unincorporated Dare County and allow free market forces
to meet the demand for goods and services in those areas
zoned for commercial land uses.
2.3.6. Redevelopment -- Redeveloped areas and structures
Consistent, page 103, items
Consistent, Ch. 8, page 56
Not addressed
shall conform to current, more restrictive development
1 and 2
standards.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2 Page 188

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.3.3-a Residential Development — Single family housing
Consistent, page 79, policy 6
Consistent, page 10, policies 3 and 5
shall be encouraged as the preferred land use in
unincorporated Dare County. Multi -family housing should
be considered only when the development does not exceed
5 units per acre.
2.3.3-b Residential Development — Dare County shall not
Not applicable issue
Not applicable issue
be responsible for the cost of maintaining or repairs to
privately -owned streets.
2.3.4 Affordable Housing -- Dare County does not
Consistent, page 49, policy 3
Not addressed
advocate the use of zoning incentives, such as density
increases, permit fee waivers and review fast -tracking, as a
means of stimulating affordable housing construction.
Private sector initiatives for affordable housing will be
reviewed on a case by case basis.
2.3.5 Commercial Development -- Dare County will
Consistent, page 79, policy 6
Consistent, page 10, policy 2
address opportunities for commercial development by
adopting zoning maps for unzoned portions of
unincorporated Dare County and allow free market forces
to meet the demand for goods and services in those areas
zoned for commercial land uses.
2.3.6 Redevelopment -- Redeveloped areas and structures
shall conform to current, more restrictive development
See Hurricane Plan
Consistent, page 11
standards.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2
Page189
W = = = = =

M M M M M r M M M M M M M M M
DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.3.7 Industrial Development -- Industrial development
Consistent, page 56
Inconsistent, does not wish
Encourages most land uses,
which has excessive noise, odor, or other harmful pollution
to promote industry of any
page 47
shall be discouraged from locating in Dare County, unless
kind, Ch. 10, page 63
such adverse impacts can be clearly overcome through
effective mitigation. Industrial sites shall be located on
land which is environmentally suitable and has unique
locative advantages for industry.
2.3.8 Energy Facilities -- Dare County is opposed to the
Consistent, page 78
Consistent, Ch. 10, page 63
States that the Town does
development of any Petro -chemical energy facility or
not need policy direction
related improvement within its jurisdictional lands or
regarding offshore drilling,
waters. This includes all structures, operations, and
page 48
activities associated with petro-chemical energy facility
development, such as, but not limited to, on -shore support
bases for offshore exploration activities, staging areas,
transmission and/or production pipelines, pipeline storage
yards, and other similar structures, activities, and
improvements related to petro-chemical energy facility
development, exploration, or production. Dare County
supports research and development of non -fossil fuel
alternatives for energy production.
2.3.9-a Tourism -- Dare County supports the promotion of
Consistent, page 56
Consistent, Ch. 3, page 9
Consistent, page 60, policy a
the Outer Banks as a tourist destination and the
development of season -extending promotions during the
non -peak periods of the calendar year.
2.3.9-b Tourism -- Dare County supports the concept of
Not addressed
Not addressed
Not addressed
combining natural resources and tourism to promote the
area's ecological values, known as "eco-tourism".
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2 Page 190

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.3.7 Industrial Development -- Industrial development
Not applicable, page 2
Inconsistent, does not allow any
which has excessive noise, odor, or other harmful pollution
industrial use, page 10
shall be discouraged from locating in Dare County, unless
such adverse impacts can be clearly overcome through
effective mitigation.! Industrial sites shall be located on
land which is environmentally suitable and has unique
locative advantages for industry.
2.3.8 Energy Facilities -- Dare County is opposed to the
Consistent, page 27, policy 9
Consistent, page 10
development of any petro-chemical energy facility or
related improvement within its jurisdictional lands or
waters. This includes all structures, operations, and
activities associated with petro-chemical energy facility
development, such as, but not limited to, on -shore support
bases for offshore exploration activities, staging areas,
transmission and/or production pipelines, pipeline storage
yards, and other similar structures, activities, and
improvements related to petro-chemical energy facility
development, exploration, or production. Dare County
supports research and development of non -fossil fuel
alternatives forener roduction.
2.3.9-a Tourism.-- Dare County supports the promotion of
Not addressed
Does not support tourism, page 11
the Outer Banks as a tourist destination and the
development of season -extending promotions during the
non -peak V&iods of the calendar year.
2.3.9-b Tourism -- Dare County supports the concept of
Not addressed
Not addressed
combining natural resources and tourism to promote the
area's ecological values, known as "eco-tourism".
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2
Page191
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i = M M = = M= M M = = M M = = M
DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.3.10 Shoreline Access -- Dare County supports North
Consistent, page 85
Consistent, Ch. 7, pages 35-
Beach access is not
Carolina's shoreline access policies as stated in
36
applicable
15NCAC7H, Section .0300. Dare County recognizes
shoreline access to both ocean and estuarine shorelines as a
key component in the local tourist economy.
2.3.11-a Channel Maintenance -- Dare County advocates
Not addressed
Consistent, Ch. 7, page 36
Consistent, page 44, policy c
routine maintenance of all existing navigable channels and
will work to secure permit authorization whenever
necessary.
2.3.11-b Channel Maintenance -- Dare County advocates
Not addressed
Not addressed
Not addressed
and supports the permit authorization and Federal funding
necessary to construct twin jetties to stabilize Oregon Inlet.
2.3.12 Beach Nourishment -- Beach nourishment is Dare
Consistent, page 53
Inconsistent, Ch. 10, page 65
Not addressed
Coun 's preferred shoreline management alternative.
2.3.13 Bikeways/Walkways/Greenways -- Dare County
Consistent, page 73
Consistent, Ch. 7, page 33
Consistent, page 54, policy g
supports the development of sidewalks, bike paths,
greenways, and walking/jogging trails to provide a safe
setting for these types of outdoor recreation in
unincorporated Dare County.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2 Page 192

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.3.10 Shoreline Access -- Dare County supports North
Consistent, page 54, policies 1 and
Inconsistent, access for residents and
Carolina's shoreline access policies as stated in
8; page 80, policy 8
guests only, page 11
15NCAC7H, Section .0300. Dare County recognizes
shoreline access to both ocean and estuarine shorelines as a
key component in the local tourist economy. .
2.3.11-a Channel Maintenance -- Dare County advocates
Not applicable, page 2
Consistent, page 10
routine maintenance of all existing navigable channels and
will work to secure permit authorization whenever
necessary.
2.3.11-b Channel Maintenance -- Dare County advocates
Not applicable
Not applicable
and supports the permit authorization and Federal funding
necessary to construct twin jetties to stabilize Oregon Inlet.
2.3.12 Beach Nourishment -- Beach nourishment is Dare
Supports studies, page 27, policy 12
Supports CRC prohibition on
County's preferred shoreline management alternative.
hardened structures, page 10,
policy 2
2.3.13 Bikeways/Walkways/Greenways -- Dare County
Consistent, page 54, policy 3
Consistent, page 11
supports the development of sidewalks, bike paths,
greenways, and walking/jogging trails to provide a safe
setting for these types of outdoor recreation in
unincorporated Dare County.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2
Page 193

M
DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HELLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.3.14-a Federal and State Support -- Dare County
Consistent, page 58
Not addressed
Not addressed
supports those federal and state programs that provide
funds for the implementation of land planning,
environmental protection, and/or economic development.
Dare County does not support those federal or state
programs that involve legislative mandates to local
governments without financial support. In addition,
programs that are funded should direct funds to the local
government with minimal administrative guidelines.
2.3.14-b Federal and State Support -- State and federally
Consistent, page 58
Not addressed
Not addressed
funded water and highway transportation projects shall
receive the highest level of support, in light of their
potential impact on the public safety and economic health
of the area.
2.4.1-a Storm Hazard Mitigation -- Dare County's policy
Consistent, page 99, item 2
Consistent, Ch. 8, page 50
Not addressed
on coastal storm hazards is to use construction standards
and page 103, item 2
and zoning regulations to mitigate the effects of high
winds storm surge, flooding, wave action, and erosion.
2.4.1-b Storm Hazard' Mitigation -- Dare County does not
Not addressed
Inconsistent, Ch. 8, page 51
Not addressed
advocate the use of County funds to acquire parcels located
in hazard areas or rendered unbuildable by storms or other
events.
2.4.2 Evacuation -- Dare County is committed to
Consistent, page 106, items
Consistent, Ch. 8, page 53
Consistent, page 66, policy a
maintaining a full-time emergency management
1-4
department and emergency operation centers and places a
high priority on hurricane preparedness and response.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2 Page 194

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.3.14-a Federal and State Support -- Dare County
Not addressed
Not addressed
supports those federal and state programs that provide
funds for the implementation of land planning,
environmental protection, and/or economic development.
Dare County does not support those federal or state'
programs that involve legislative mandates to local
governments without financial support. In addition,
programs that are funded should direct funds to the local
government with minimal administrative guidelines.
2.3.14-b Federal and State Support -- State and federally
Not addressed
Not addressed
funded water and highway transportation projects shall
receive the highest level of support, in light of their
potential impact on the public safety and economic health
of the area.
2.4.1-a Storm Hazard Mitigation -- Dare County's policy
Consistent, page 31, policy 1 --
Consistent, page 12, policy 2
on coastal storm hazards is to use construction standards
Post -storm construction
and zoning regulations to mitigate the effects of high
winds storm surge, flooding, wave action, and erosion.
2.4.1-b Storm Hazard Mitigation -- Dare County does not
See Hurricane Plan
Inconsistent, page 12, policy 9
advocate the use of County funds to acquire parcels located
in hazard areas or rendered unbuildable by storms or other
events.
2.4.2 Evacuation -- Dare County is committed to
Consistent, page 34, policies 2 and 4
Does not include a comparable
maintaining a full-time emergency management
policy
department and emergency operation'centers and places a
high priority on hurricane preparedness and response.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2
Page 195
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DARE COUNTY
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KITTY HAWK
MANTEO
2.4.3-a Post -disaster Reconstruction and Recovery -- The
Consistent, page 103
Not addressed
Not addressed
Board of County Commissioners of Dare County shall be
ultimately responsible for supervising the implementation
of various policies and procedures regarding re-
construction and recovery after a natural disaster.
2.4.3-b Post -disaster Reconstruction and Recovery --
Does not include a
Does not include a
Does not include a
Recovery priority shall be directed to restoring or repairing
comparable policy
comparable policy
comparable policy
infrastructure improvements such as transportation routes,
utilities, emergency medical and emergency management
facilities. Once the infrastructure has been restored,
recovery priorities shall then be directed at essential
commercial'and primary residential structures.
2.4.3-c Post -disaster Reconstruction and Recovery -- In the
Consistent, page 104, items
Consistent, Ch. 8, page 56
Consistent, page 68, policy c
event of extensive hurricane damage to public utilities or'
7-9
other improvements requiring replacement or
reconstruction, alternative locations that will mitigate the
potential for similar repetitive losses will be examined and
implemented whenever feasible and practicable.
2.4.3-d In the event of a damaging hurricane or other
Consistent, page 104, items
Consistent, Ch. 8, page 52
Not addressed, discusses a
disastrous event, the Board of Commissioners may declare
4 and 6
permit delay.
a moratorium on all buidling permits and/or rezoning
requests pending an evaluation of the damage and any
reconstruction strategies that may serve to mitigate future
damage or re titive losses.
2.5.1 Public Participation --The County supports the active
Consistent, page 91
Not addressed
Consistent, page 64, policy a
involvement of all interested persons in its land use
planning and policy development activities.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2 Page 196

DARE COUNTY
NAGS HEAD
SOUTHERN SHORES
2.4.3-a Post -disaster Reconstruction and Recovery — The
Hurricane Plan establishes a
Consistent, page 12, policy 14
Board of County Commissioners of Dare County shall be
reconstruction task force to oversee
ultimately responsible for supervising the implementation
reconstruction efforts, page 65
of various policies and procedures regarding re-
construction and recovery after a natural disaster.
2.4.3-b Post -disaster Reconstruction and Recovery --
Recovery priority shall be directed to restoring or repairing
See discussion in Hurricane Plan,
page 64,
Does not include a comparable
policy
infrastructure improvements such as transportation routes,
utilities, emergency medical and emergency management
facilities. Once the infrastructure has been restored;'
recovery priorities shall then be directed at essential
commercial and primary residential structures.
2.4.3-c Post -disaster Reconstruction and Recovery -- In the
See discussion in Hurricane Plan,
Does not include a comparable
event of extensive hurricane damage to public utilities or
other improvements requiring replacement or
page 64, policy 5
policy
reconstruction, alternative locations that will mitigate the
potential for similar repetitive losses will be examined and
implemented whenever feasible and practicable.
2.4.3-d In the event of a damaging hurricane or other
disastrous event, the Board of Commissioners may declare
See discussion in Hurricane Plan,
page 69
Does not include a comparable
policy
a moratorium on all buidling permits and/or rezoning
requests pending an evaluation of the damage and any
reconstruction strategies that may serve to mitigate future
damage or repetitive losses:
2.5.1 Public Participation --The County, supports the active
Consistent; page 82 policy 15
Consistent, page 13 policy 2
involvement of all interested persons'in its land use
planning and policy development activities.
The 1987 Kill Devil Hills Land Use Plan, the 1989 Kitty Hawk Land Use Plan, the 1992 Manteo Land Use Plan, the 1990 Nags Head Land Use Plan, and the
1992 Southern Shores Land Use Plan were the documents used in this comparison
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix B-2
Page 197

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = m =

' AppeY1a1X C — I
DARE COUNTY
COMMUNITY ATTITUDES SURVEY
REPORT OF FINDINGS
1
1
1
1
' PREPARED FOR:
DARE COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT
RAY STURZA, PLANNING DIRECTOR
DONNA CREEF, ASSISTANT PLANNER
PROJECT STAFF
DICK BROCKETT, PROJECT SUPERVISOR
DR. KENNETH WILSON, LABORATORY DIRECTOR
CLAUDIA WILLIAMS, LABORATORY COORDINATOR
' NANCY ELDEN, LAYOUT DESIGN
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 198

I
k
CONTENTS
I. SECTION I: PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND ...................................... 200
H. SECTION II: FORMAT............................................................................ 201
III. SECTION III: RESPONDENT PROFILE ............................................... 201
IV. SECTION IV: ISSUES.............................................................................. 202
V. SECTION V: DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS ...................................... 203
VI. SECTION VI: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS AND
PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT.................................................... 204
VII. SECTION VII: ECONOMIC AND COUNTY DEVELOPMENT.......... 205
VIII. SECTION VIII: COMMUNITY ISSUES ................................................. 205
COLINGTON............................................................................................. 205
DUCK...................................................................................................... • ... 206
HATTERAS ISLAND................................................................................. 206
MAINLAND DARE COUNTY.................................................................. 206
ROANOKE ISLAND.................................................................................. 207
IX. SUMMARY.................................................................................................207
X. INTERPRETING DATA FROM LOW RESPONSE RATE
SURVEYS................................................................................................... 208
Al. COMPREHENSIVE BREAKDOWN OF RESULTS ............................... 209
A2. COMPREHENSIVE BREAKDOWN OF RESIDENT AND
NONRESIDENT RESPONSE.................................................................... 214
A3. GRAPHS AND CHARTS........................................................................... 219
A4. SURVEY INSTRUMENT.......................................................................... 238
I
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1
Page 199

7
IDARE COUNTY COMMUNITY ATTITUDES SURVEY
ISECTION I: PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND
' The basic purpose of the survey was to determine the prevailing attitudes of those citizens
that own property within the unincorporated portions of Dare County. The survey gave
the opportunity for respondents to express opinions related to certain issues and
' government policies involving land development, environment, and local growth options.
'
The Dare County Planning Office approached the Survey Research Laboratory at the East
Carolina University Regional Development Institute concerning the process based upon
their need to acquire local attitudes that would affect local planning options. This was
also part of the land use planning process mandated by the Coastal Area Management Act
'
(CAMA) of the State of North Carolina. Discussions between the two offices provided
the basis for the development of the instrument and format that would be used. The
questions were drawn from input by the Dare County Planning Board with formatting and
'
arrangement by the Laboratory to assist the respondent's understanding and train -of -
thought.
It was determined that the population (landowners) to be surveyed would be obtained
from the property tax records of the County. The instrument was developed in a manner
that would expedite its return by not requiring any additional handling by the respondent.
In order to stay within budget limitations, it was determined that Business reply would not
be used and the respondent would be required to pay postage. Also no reminder post card
was sent to encourage response. Eliminating both of these were seen as having a
diminishing effect on the projected number of returned surveys. The surveys were mailed
in bulk on May 20, 1993 with a June 15th deadline for return.
A total of 11,239 survey instruments were mailed with approximately 43 states receiving
at least one survey. A return of 3,122 surveys (27.78%) took place with 2,833 (25.11%)
being returned prior to the June 15th deadline. For a survey such as this, without
providing for return postage and a reminder notice, the return rate of 25.11% was
considered good. The results of those surveys postmarked June 15th or before were
recorded and tabulated by the Laboratory and made a part of the findings. However, the
low response rate and limiting the survey responses to property owners, does mean that all
results must be interpreted with extreme caution and should not be construed as an overall
consensus of the populace.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 200

SECTION II: FORMAT
The instrument was designed in a manner that allowed respondents to give their level of
opinion about the cited issues. The initial background information was followed by
general issues that could be responded to as for, against, or with no side taken. After this
section, a Likert Scale (strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree, and no
opinion) was used to help gauge the intensity of the feelings felt by the respondent. These
sections were divided into DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS, ENVIRONMENTAL
STANDARDS, PRODUCTION & MANAGEMENT and ECONOMIC and COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT. the final section offered specific questions directed to residents of
those unincorporated villages or areas of the County where they own property.
SECTION III: RESPONDENT PROFILE
The majority of responses (60.5%) were from property owners that do not have a
permanent residence status in Dare County. Though in total numbers and percentage of
the total returns the non-resident was more numerous, however, the return rate was higher
for residents. Though total mail figures were not maintained for Dare County zip codes
and non -Dare County zip codes, the number of survey instruments going to non -Dare
County zip codes was several times greater, thus making the local return rate higher.
Of the responses received, Hatteras Island property owners represented 44.0% of the
total. The responses from Hatteras Island were nearly twice the amount of the next
highest level of returns (Duck 21.6%). The other areas in descending order were
Colington (16.6%), Roanoke Island (15.0%), and the Mainland area (4.3%). (See
Appendix 3, chart 1 and 2.)
based upon resident population figures of these unincorporated areas of Dare County, the
response rates are within 5 percentage points of being proportionately representative.
Breakout numbers (resident/non-resident property owners in these areas are unavailable.
The composition of the responses varied between the areas with resident responses being
predominant by 3:1 and 2:1 margins in Roanoke Island and the Mainland, respectively,
while non-resident responses were predominant in the Hatteras and Duck areas by 2:1 and
5:1 margins, respectively. Responses in the Colington area were evenly split between
residents and non-residents. As previously stated, (see Appendix 3, chart 3), specific
breakout numbers of resident property owners and non-resident property owners are not
available but it is felt these breakdowns are commensurate with the localized situations.
The final background question asked about the intentions of the non-resident's response
with respect to permanently residing in Dare County at some future item. Nearly one-
third felt that they would make Dare County their permanent home in the future but the
majority was unsure (52.6%0. Only 15% of the respondents ruled out the possibility
entirely. Results from this varied by community (see Appendix 3, chart 4).
J
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 201 1

ISECTION IV: ISSUES
' The questions within this section constituted long -running issues that have had, or will
have, a general bearing over all of Dare County. Also, some relatively new issues that
continue to be publicized have raised questions periodically were included.
The two questions related to energy issues elicited opposite reactions from the surveyed
population as nearly 70% did not favor exploration of oil and gas off of North Carolina
' coast while nearly 84% favored alternative energy sources such as wind and solar. The
majority of both residents and non-residents were against gas and oil exploration, but
significantly more nonresidents were against (74% vs. 63%). (See Appendix 3 , chart 5).
' Both residents and nonresidents had similar levels of disapproval and approval regarding
the alternative energy.
' Two questions related to the stabilization of the ocean beaches and Oregon Inlet. (see
Appendix 3, chart 6). The majority of respondents (53.6%) favored the construction of
' the Oregon Inlet jetties but nearly 1 in 4 respondents did not take a side. (Almost 70% of
the indecision were non-residents). The non-residents and residents had similar attitudes
(56.1 % and 51.8% respectively) concerning the reconstruction of ocean beaches.
' Opposition was a little stronger among permanent residents as over one-third answered
negatively.
' Public access to shoreline areas was also addressed but opinions differed. (See Appendix
3, chart 7). Overall, the majority favored public access to all shoreline areas but the local
opinions favored it with 56.2% while non-residents were nearly evenly split. (46% vs.
43%). Access to Dare County using toll roads at all entry points was also questioned with
both residents and nonresidents not favoring the idea by over 2 persons to one. The idea
was more strongly disfavored by non-residents as only 20% of the 1671 non-residents
' approved of the concept.
The ideas concerning the consolidation of local governments into one government and
' additional purchases of private land for public ownership were both weakly supported.
residents slightly favored the consolidation idea while non-residents were slightly against
the idea. There was also a high rate of "take no side" indicating a lack of clear
understanding of the potential effects of such a course of governmental action. The
question concerning "additional purchases of private land for public ownership: had weak
support with an accompanying high level of indecision on the part of both groups of
' respondents.
' The remaining question regarding Regional Solid Waste Management was favored by
two-thirds of both residents and non-residents.
IDare County Land Use PIan Appendix C-1
Page 202

In conclusion, overall the sentiments of both the permanent residents and the non-residents
were similar, with no glaring polarization of opinions in evidence. Not surprisingly, the
non-residents were less committal than permanent residents on almost every question and
in some cases by substantial margins. It must be assumed this group is less informed
about certain issues and does not feel totally comfortable in taking a stand either way. In
each case that some difference of opinion was in evidence the prevailing attitude of the
surveyed non-resident population was not as strong. In cases that were clearly favored or
disfavored both permanent residents and non-residents were in agreement.
SECTION V: DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS
The concept of increased ocean setbacks was clearly the most supported development
standard favored by both permanent residents and on -residents, being favored by almost
75% of each group. (See Appendix 3, chart 8). Increasing the 75 foot setback along
estuarine waters was weakly supported (55%) with residents being slightly less supportive
than non-residents.
One statement that received almost unanimous consensus (95%0 among residents was
"the availability of drinking water should be a factor in managing development". This
opinion was backed up several times in the later sections of the survey dealing with
environmental considerations.
The questions regarding lot sizes showed opposition (70%) to allowing smaller lot sizes if
central wastewater was available but opinions moderated if both water and wastewater
treatment was available but the majority (53%) still disagreed. (See Appendix 3, chart 9).
These attitudes prevailed in similar levels throughout each question regardless of the
residency status of the respondent. Allowing privately -owned package treatment plants
where soil conditions are unsuitable for septic tanks was acceptable to 53.3% of the
respondents that had opinions s on the matter but nearly 22% of the respondents did not
have any opinion. The responses were nearly identical among both residents and non-
residents.
Two issues indicated the most contrasting opinion that existed between residents and non-
residents. The regulation of private wells was more strongly favored by non-residents
while there was no clear consensus by local residents though it was favored by 45% of the
permanent residents. Concerning the issue of land clearing and tree removal and non-
residents were in disagreement as a majority on non-residents agreed but 64% of
permanent residents disagreed (See Appendix 3, chart 10).
The question of low-level development in maritime forests had a weak level of (56%
overall) disagreement with a slight majority of both residents and non-residents not in
favor of allowing it.
d
11
I
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 203 1

' In conclusion, a very high level of consensus between residents and non-residents
regarding the questions asked was surprising. Non-residents did have the somewhat
higher incidence of "no opinion" on most questions which may have made a difference.
Most notably, the most extreme difference of opinion that occurred between the two
groups of respondents occurred on the issue concerning the regulation of land clearing and
' tree removal on private property by Dare County.
I
SECTION VI: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS AND PRODUCTION &
MANAGEMENT
'
This section of the survey had even stronger signs of agreement extending across
residency characteristics. Questions related to the importance of surface water quality, the
'
value of groundwater resource, and the prevention of loss of coastal and estuarine
wetlands all received very strong levels of agreement that ranged from 87% to 95%. The
intensity level of this agreement was "strong" as a majority of the respondents chose
'
"strongly agree" in each of these questions, indicating a very solid opinion existed among
both residents and non-residents. (See Appendix 3, chart 11). Some of the other
questions had weaker levels of agreement but nonetheless, a clear consensus was
expressed in favor of regulating competing recreational uses in public waters, discouraging
'
marina development in or near shellfish waters, and endorsing a comprehensive
stormwater management plan. The consensus on these questions were among non-
residents and nan-residents.
The remaining questions in this section had less emphatic responses. The question
concerning "wetland loss for public purposes if replaced by manmade wetlands" was
disagreed with by just over 50% of the respondents but rose to nearly 65% if the purpose
was for private development with an average of 10% having no definite opinion. The
"management of Buxton Woods by Dare County" and the "discouragement of marina
'
development in non -shellfish waters" had no prevailing consensus and a very high rate of
'
no opinion.
The two questions in the Production & Management Section had contrasting results (See
Appendix 3, chart 12) With regard to "management of the competition for marine
resources between competing fishing interests," both residents and non-residents agreed
this needed to be done. Non-residents were slightly stronger in this opinion (75% to
'
64.5%) with 25% of the local respondents in disagreement. A definite polarization of
opinion occurred concerning the "regulation of recreational off -road vehicle use during the
summer season only" as approximately 45% of both residents and non-residents had
'
opposing views.
IDare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 204

SECTION VII: ECONOMIC AND COUNTY DEVELOPMENT
Three questions in this section had respondents with an overwhelming consensus. The
continuation of single family homes as the most prevalent type of residence was agreed
upon by over 80% of both groups while the practice of regulating industrial development
by zoning soared to over 90% approval of all respondents. The third questions that
demonstrated a strong consensus involved the "regulation of commercial development
along the major thoroughfares" as over 75% of each group favored such action. (See
Appendix 3, chart 13).
The question concerning the zoning of unzoned portions of Dare County was favored but
non-residents were much stronger in their opposition. This sentiment was much weaker
than the question regarding allowing off -shore drilling. (See Appendix 3, chart 14).
The most evident case of disagreement between residents and non-residents occurred
concerning the regulation of singe family rental housing (cottages) as a business. (See
Appendix 3, chart 15). Not surprisingly, over 70% of non-residents disapproved of such
an approach while local residents did not show any consensus. Local responses
concerning this issue split 44% in favor and 46 % against the idea.
Responses related to the expansion of the Dare County Airport on Roanoke Island and the
use of public services (infrastructure) to encourage economic development were both non-
conclusive as similar levels of agreement and disagreement were evident. Each of these
questions had significant numbers of respondents having "no opinion".
Questions regarding recycling showed that "voluntary recycling" including curbside pick-
up was strongly endorsed while "mandatory recycling" was less supported with 36% of
the local residents being against the idea.
SECTION VIII: COMMUNITY ISSUES
Colington
Colington property owners gave three clear directives to Dare County. (See Appendix 3,
chart 16). Approval for the County to take over the water supply for Colington was
expressed by 63% (70% of residents) with disapproval by only 17% of those responding.
Approval of developing a zoning map for Colington was also favored by over 70% of both
residents and non-residents. Support by the County for the annexation of Colington by
Kill Devil Hills was opposed by over 60% . This anti -annexation sentiment was strong
among residents with almost 75% against the idea. Lastly, no clear consensus was shown
concerning the adequacy of water access in Colington. Less than 50% agreed and over 1
in 4 respondents did not have an opinion.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 205
0

Duck
' Strong opinions were also shown in Duck on every issue except the water access question.
Both residents and non-residents opposed (nearly 90%) the expansion of land zoned
commercial in the Duck area. Strong rate of responses (over 80%) revealed agreement
' that architectural standards and sign control should take place along NC-12.
Not surprisingly, the question of a mid-Currituck bridge being a priority was especially
favored (78%) by non-residents. Approximately 65% of the residents agreed there while
almost 20% of the local respondents that strongly opposed it. Residents also had a base
of disagreement (33%) that public access is adequate at Duck but overall there was only
weak favorable consensus on this issue. (See Appendix 3, chart 17.)
' Hatteras Island
The Hatteras -based results showed strong favor (75%+) for architectural standards and
' sign controls along NC 12 as well as support for a zoning map. Weaker favor (65%) was
shown for the County's role in upgrading the Island's electrical service.
' Three questions revealed a weak base of disagreement. (See Appendix 3, chart 18). The
issue of the County taking over the water supply had just 50% of the residents disagreeing
while opinions ranged even across the non-resident responses. Local residents also
' weakly disagreed with the adequacy of existing regulations regarding unsightly structures.
Significant levels (over 25%) of "no opinion" again existed among the non-resident
responses. There was also a weak disagreement between local residents and non-residents
regarding the relocation of the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse. Non-residents leaned toward
favoring relocation while residents had a majority (53%) that disagreed.
'
The idea of a desalination plant serving Hatteras Island had fairly strong agreement among
residents (66%) while non-residents agreed but had nearly 30% that did not have an
opinion.
Theresponses from Hatteras roe owners also showed no consensus either way on
property rty y
'
the question of adequacy of public access in their area.
'
Mainland Dare County
The response numbers from Mainland property owners were much smaller, providing
'
significant swings in percentages when the actual change in numbers were not too great.
The development of a zoning map was weakly unfavored by residents while non-residents
showed they strongly favored the idea. The opposite was true concerning whether the
IDare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1
Page 206

County should be involved insuring more reliable electrical service for the area. Residents
supported the idea more strongly as 70% of the residents agreed. (See Appendix 3, chart
19). Agreement was reached by both residents and non-residents concerning the widening
of US-64 as 70% of both groups agreed.
Two questions that results did not indicate any consensus was support for the Red Wolf
Program and rte adequacy of public access on the Mainland. Though agreement prevailed
concerning the exploration of alternative methods of wastewater treatment at Stumpy
Point, a large sentiment of the respondents (35%) had no opinion.
Roanoke Island
The strongest sentiment was disagreement (71%) concerning increasing the amount of
land zoned commercial on the Island. There was weak agreement that a zoning map for
Wanchese should be developed but there was more resident opposition (35%). (See
Appendix 3, chart 20.) Stronger support (especially non-residents) was shown for
standards along US-64. Weak agreement was also shown for the widening of US 64/264
with almost 40% disagreeing.
Local respondents disagreed with the County supporting annexation of parts of Roanoke
Island by Manteo while non-residents showed no consensus. Local respondents also
weakly disagreed with the County encouraging Manteo to extend its sewer lines while
non-residents agreed. A significant group (27%) registered "non opinion" on the question.
The final question concerning the adequacy of public access continued the trend
throughout the village questions that no clear consensus was evident.
SECTION IX: SUMMARY
Throughout the entire survey, including the village questions, a surprising level of
consensus between residents and non-residents was shown. Because of different
perspectives, personal impact and varying levels of knowledge about local conditions and
situations, it is generally assumed more contrasts in opinion would have occurred. The
most emphatic opinions related to issues involving clear environment issues or suggested
changes in local policies. At the present time, there is no indication of where specific
support or opposition might be located in the County but additional cross -tabulations of
those questions that had strong feelings for or against could indicate if any geographic
basis surfaced.
1
L
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 207 1

' SECTION X: INTERPRETING DATA FROM LOW RESPONSE RATE
SURVEYS
The Dare County Community Attitudes Survey provided a comprehensive canvassing of
all property owners within the County. It is important that all persons that review this
work recognize the perspective that should be taken when using the results.
Most academic journals will not publish surveys with a response rate of less than 50%, but
' many businesses routinely use these surveys to make important decisions. While surveys
with response rates of less that 50% often yield important, practical information, some
thought needs to be given to interpreting the results.
' When a survey has a high response rate, the assumption is usually made that the people
' who did not respond are similar to those who did respond. Often the alternative
interpretation is that the survey data reflects the opinions of those people who are
interested in the topic since people who don't care about the topic will not take the time to
' complete the questionnaire.
The importance of these two approaches can best be seen with an example. The example
' begins with a questionnaire mailed to a random sample of 1000 people in a community of
10,000 people. The response rate is 30%. How should you interpret the fact that 50% of
the respondents said they would recycle newspaper if a facility were available? Using the
' first assumption (respondents are similar to non -respondents), you would expect 5,000
people (50% of the total population ) to use the facility. Using the second assumption
(respondents are more interested in topic), you can construct a lower limit by assuming the
NONE of the population (1,500 people) will use the facility. Of course, this assumption is
not very likely but it does provide us with a way to construct a worst case scenario. If
support from 50% of the "interested" people and use by 1,500 people is enough to justify
the facility, then the outcome is clear. If higher numbers are required, careful judgment
needs to be made.
IDare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 208

' DARE COUNTY COMMUNITY ATTITUDES SURVEY RESULTS
SECTION I: PERSONAL
1 TOTAL PERCENTAGE
' 1. Which of the following best represents your residence status?
Resident property owner 1094 39.2
Non-resident property owner (Go to Question #3) 1688 60.5
' 2. Where, in unincorporated Dare County, do you own property?
Colington 468 16.6
Hatteras Island 1241 44.0
Roanoke Island 423 15.0
Duck 609 21.6
Mainland 121 4.3
' Other 90 3.2
3. FOR NON-RESIDENTS: Do you plan to permanently reside in Dare County in the future?
YES 555 32.2
' NO 263 15.3
NOT SURE 906 52.6
F
SECTION II: ISSUES
1. Exploration of gas and oil off the coast of North Carolina?
2. Research of alternative energy sources such as wind and solar?
3. Reconstruction of ocean beaches by pumping sand back on beaches
(beach nourishment)?
4. Public access for all shoreline areas?
5. Construction of the proposed Oregon Inlet jetties?
6. Consolidation of all local governments into one government?
7. Additional purchases of private land for public ownership?
8. Charging tolls at entry points (roads, ferry) into Dare County?
9. Regional Solid Waste Management?
FOR
TOTAL
%TOTAT.
AGAINST
0
TAKE NO SIDE
TOTAL 0
501
17.9
1952
69.7
349
12.5
2354
84.3
145
5.2
293
10.5
1518
54.6
844
30.4
416
15.0
1392
49.9
1102
39.5
298
10.7
1489
53.6
657
23.7
629
22.7
1057
38.0
1004
36.1
719
25.8
1301
47.0
908
32.8
559
20.2
717
25.7
1772
63.5
303
10.9
2086
75.3
213
7.7
473
17.1
I
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 209

SECTION III - NATURAL RESOURCES: USE & PROTECTION '
PART A: DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS
1. Privately -owned package sewage treatment plants should be
located only where soil conditions prevent the use of septic tanks?
2. Smaller lot sizes should be allowed if central wastewater treat-
ment is available?
3. Smaller lot sizes should be allowed only if both central water
and wastewater treatment are available?
4. The 75 foot setback for development next to estuarine waters
should be increased?
5. Oceanfront setbacks for development should be increased?
6. The availablility of drinking water should be a factor in
managing development?
7. Low intensity development in maritime forests is acceptable
if clearing of land is limited?
8. An ordinance regulating private wells should be adopted?
9. Land clearing and tree removal on private property should be
regulated by Dare County?
STRONGLY
AGREE
TOTAL %
AGREE
TOTAL %
NO
OPINION
TOTAL %
DISAGREE
TOTAL %
STRONGLY
DISAGREE
TOTAL %
517
18.8
983
35.7
597
21.7
419
152
241
8.7
149
5.3
463
16.5
219
7.8
1056
37.7
912
32.6
393
14A
657
24.1
237
8.7
785
28.8
650
23.9
708
25.7
807
29.3
575
20.8
493
17.9
175
6.3
1094
392
958
34.7
337
122
296
10.7
89
3.2
1646
592
990
35.6
44
1.6
58
2.1
41
1.5
190
6.9
769
27.8
255
9.2
737
26.7
813
29.4
476
172
996
36.1
506
183
540
19.6
243
8.8
397
14.3
724
26.1
246
8.9
799
28.8
605
21.8
PART B: ENVIRONNIEN -rAL CONSIDERATIONS
1. Surface water quality should be a high priority?
2. Competing recreational uses in public waters should be regulated?
3. Protection of groundwater should be a high priority?
4. Regulations to prevent the loss of coastal wetlands should be
supported?
S. Regulations to prevent the loss of freshwater wetlands should be
supported?
6. Wetland loss due to public purpose projects is acceptable if
replaced by manmade wetlands?
7. Wetland loss associated with private development is acceptable
if replaced with manmade wetlands?
8. Dare County should manage the Buxton Woods maritime forest?
9. Marina development in or near shellfish waters should be
discouraged?
10. Marina development in or near waters which are not shellfish
waters should be discouraged?
11. A comprehensive stormwater (rain) management and drainage
plan for Dare County should be developed?
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1
STRONGLY
AGREE
TOTAL %
AGREE
TOTAL %
NO
OPINION
TOTAL %
DISAGREE
roTAL %
STRONGLY
DISAGREE
TOTAL %
1380
49.9
1137
41.1
180
6.5
49
1.8
22
.8
775
28.2
1157
42.0
344
12.5
347
12.6
130
4.7
1602
57.8
025
37.0
103
3.7
32
1.2
12
.4
1422
512
1008
36.3
146
5.3
139
5.0
61
2.2
1379
49.7
1033
37.3
153
5.5
135
4.9
72
2.6
182
6.6
840
30.4
336
12.1
759
27.4
650
23.5
130
4.7
590
21.3
269
9.7
860
31.1
917
332
423
15.4
770
28.0
018
37.1
300
10.9
236
8.6
1047
37.7
1175
42.3
309
11.1
180
6.5
65
2.3
353
12.8
542
19.6
803
29.1
901
32.6
163
5.9
755
27.3
258
45.5
424
15.3
236
8.5
94
3.4
Page 210

PART C: PRODUCTION & MANAGEMENT
n
I
11
r
1. The competition for marine resources (fish) between commercial
and recreational fishermen should be managed and regulated?
2. Recreational off -road vehicle use should be regulated during
the summer season only?
STRONGLY
NO
STRONGLY
AGREE
AGREE
OPINION
DISAGREE
DISAGREE
TOTAL %
TOTAL %
TOTAL %
TOTAL %
TOTAL %
782 282
1179 42.6
299 10.8
329 11.9
181 6.5
436 15.8
883 32.0
201 7.3
727 26.4
511 18.5
SECTION IV: ECONOMIC & COUNTY DEVELOPMENT
1. All unzoned portions of Dare County should be zoned?
2. The Dan County Airport on Roanoke Island should be
expanded to accomodate more commercial passenger air services?
3. Low-level military training flights do not constitute a problem
in this area?
4. Public services (water, sewer) and infrastructure (streets) improve.
ments should be used as incentives to increase economic developner
5. Dare County should expand its voluntary recycling efforts to
include curbside pickup?
6. The County should establish a mandatory curbside recycling
program?
7. Single family structures should be the most prevalent type of
land use in Dare County?
8. Only low density multi -family housing should be allowed in
Dare County?
9. The County should continue to allow subdivisions to be recorded
if they include privately -owned and privately -maintained streets?
10. The County should provide zoning incentives to encourage private
contractors to build affordable housing?
11. Single family homes that are rented on a short term basis should
be considered a commercial activity and regulated as a business?
12. Commercial development along major transportation routes
should be regulated to prevent strip development?
13. Industrial development should be regulated by zoning and land
' use controls?
14. Land -based activities that support off -shore oil and gas
exploration should be prohibited in Dare County?
' 15. Dare County should promote tourism?
16. Dare County should support promotions to extend the tourist
' season?
17. Additional rules and regulatory programs for animal control
are needed?
' Dare County Land Use Pland Appendix C-1
STRONGLY
AGREE
TOTAL %
AGREE
TOTAL %
NO
OPINION
TOTAL %
DISAGREE
TOTAL %
STRONGLY
DISAGREE
TOTAL %
696
25.4
1110
40.5
440
16.0
305
11.1
191
7.0
330
12.0
790
28.6
580
21.0
530
19.2
530
192
243
8.8
1215
44.1
550
20.0
455
16.5
292
10.6
254
9.3
947
34.5
467
17.0
694
25.3
379
13.8
7
698
25.3
1237
44.9
386
14.0
329
11.9
105
3.8
563
20.4
903
32.8
447
16.2
608
22.1
233
8.5
1258
45.5
1100
39.8
236
8.5
127
4.6
42
1.5
611
22.4
874
32.0
343
12.6
501
18.3
402
14.7
236
8.6
1240
45.2
699
25.5
356
13.0
211
7.7
226
8.2
839
30.6
614
22.4
622
22.7
439
16.0
307
11.1
510
18.5
274
9.9
786
28.5
881
31.9
1232
44.7
1020
37.0
212
7.7
209
7.6
81
2.9
1351
49.0
1200
43.5
101
3.7
66
2.4
40
1.5
1290
46.8
602
21.8
277
10.0
372
13.5
218
7.9
949
30.8
1177
42.7
206
7.5
327
11.9
200
7.2
762
27.6
1012
36.6
276
10.0
465
16.8
247
8.9
729
26.4
770
27.9
779
28.2
378
13.7
107
3.9
Page 211

SECTION V: VILLAGE ISSUES
COLINGTON
1. The County should take over the water supply for Colington?
2. A zoning map for Colington should be developed?
3. The County should support annexation of Colington by
Kill Devil Hills?
4. Existing opportunities for public water access in Colington
are adequate?
DUCK
L The County should expand the amount of land that is zoned
commercial in Duck?
2. A district establishing architectural standards and uniform sign
control should be established along NC-12 in Duck?
3. The County should support the construction of a mid-Currituck
bridge as a priority transportation improvement?
4. Existing opportunities for public water access in Duck
are adequate?
HATTERAS ISLAND
1. A district establishing architectural standards and uniform sign
control should be established along NC-12 on Hatteras Island?
2. A zoning map for each of the Hatteras Island villages should
be developed?
3. The construction of a desalination plant to change salt water into
drinking water for the Rodanthe, Waves, and Salvo areas
should be a priority capital improvement?
4. The relocation of the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse as proposed by
the National Park Service is the preferable alternative for
protection of the structure.
5. Existing regulations and enforcement activities regarding
unsightly structures and/or conditions are adequate?
6. The County should take over the central water supply for
Hatteras Island?
7. The County should become involved in cfforts to insure a more
reliable electrical service on Hatteras Island?
8. Existing opportunities for public water access on Hatteras
Island are adequate?
MAINLAND DARE COUNTY
1. A zoning map for each of the villages on the mainland should
be developed?
2. The County should pursue the widening of US-64 as a priority
transportation improvement?
3. The U S Fish & Wildlife Service's Red Wolf Program should
be supported?
4. The County should explore alternative methods of wastewater
treatment in Stumpy Point?
5. Existing opportunities for public water access on the Mainland
are adequate?
6. The County should become involved in efforts to insure a more
reliable electrical service on the Mainland?
STRONGLY
AGREE
TOTAL %
AGREE
TOTAL %
NO
OPINION
TOTAL %
DISAGREE
rOTAL %
STRONGLY
DISAGREE
TOTAL %
182
36.5
137
27.5
93
18.7
50
10.0
36 7.2
142
29.0
211
43.1
64
13.1
43
8.8
30 6.1
39
7.9
59
12.0
96
19.5
115
23.3
184 37.3
58
11.9
180
36.8
129
26.4
83
17.0
39 8.0
27 4.3
297 47.6
292 46.6
145 23.3
27 4.3
223 35.7
183 29.2
208 33.4
25 4.0
40 6.4
38 6.1
129 20.7
519
41.6
422
33.8
102
8.2
439
35.1
555
44.5
134
10.7
321
25.8
385
31.0
312
25.1
174
14.0
332
26.7
282
22.7
57 4.6
229 18A
397 31.8
146 11.8
24 16.7
46 13.1
25 17.5
32 21.9
15 102
49 33.3
207 16.7
254 20.4
417 33.4
418 33.7
44 30.6
54 36.5
36 25.2
52 35.6
47 32.0
43 29.3
280 22.6
273 22.0
160 12.8
221 17.8
29 20.1
15 10.1
31 21.7
50 34.2
40 27.2
28 19.0
156 24.8
41 6.6
46 7.3
87 14.0
136 10.9
74 5.9
125 10.1
221 17.8
416 33.6
291 23.4
173 13.9
264 21.3
19 13.2
24 16.2
21 14.7
6 4.1
30 20.4
20 13.6
395 62.7
23 3.7
67 10.7
54 8.7
68 5.5
47 3.8
99 8.0
236 19.0
279 22.5
196 15.8
102 8.2
192 15.5
28 19.4
9 6.1
30 21.0
6 4.1
15 10.2
7 4.8
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 I I I I page 212

ROANOKE ISLAND
' 1. The amount of land zoned commercial on Roanoke Island should
be increased?
2. A zoning map for Wanchese should be developed?
3. The County should support annexation of parts of Roanoke Island
by Manteo?
4. A district regulating architectural standards and uniform sign contra
should be established along US-64 throughout Roanoke Island?
' S. The County should support the widening of US-641264 as a priority
transportation improvement?
6. The County should encourage Manteo to develop a plan to extend
their sewer lines?
' 7. Existing opportunities for public water access on Roanoke Island
are adequate?
iJ
STRONGL
AGREE
%
TOTAL;
AGREE
TOTAL %
NO
OPINION
TOTAL %
DISAGREE
TOTAL %
STRONGLY
DISAGREE
TOTAL
16
3.5
33
7.3
82
18.1
153
33.7
169
372
79
17.4
157
34.7
88
19.4
56
12A
73
16.1
25
5.5
60
13.3
84
18.6
97
21.5
183
40.6
131
29.0
168
37.3
48
10.6
47
10.4
56
12.4
101
22.3
145
32.1
36
8.0
87
19.2
82
18.1
51
11.4
123
27.6
119
26.7
88
19.7
65
14.6
36
8.0
136
30.2
105
23.3
125
27.7
49
10.9
' Dare County.Land Use Plan Appendix C-1
Page 213

DARE COUNTY COMMUNITY ATTITUDES SURVEY RESULTS
SECTION I: PERSONAL
TOTAL PERCENTAGE
1. Which of the following best represents your residence status?
Resident property owner
Non-resident property owner (Go to Question #3)
1094
39.2
1688
60.5
2. Where, in unincorporated Dare County, do you own property?
Colington
Hatteras Island
468
16.6
Roanoke Island
1241
44.0
Duck
423
15.0
Mainland
609
21.6
Other
121
4.3
90
3.2
3. FOR NON-RESIDENTS: Do you plan to permanently reside in Dare County in the future?
YES
NO
555
32.2
NOT SURE
263
15
15.
.3
906
526
SECTION II: ISSUES
1. Exploration of gas and oil off the coast of North Carolina?
2. Research of alternative energy sources such as wind and solar?
3. Reconstruction of ocean beaches by pumping sand back on beat
(beach nourishment)?
4. Public access for all shoreline areas?
5. Construction of the proposed Oregon Inlet jetties?
6. Consolidation of all local governments into one government?
7. Additional purchases of private land for public ownership?
8. Charging tolls at entry points (roads, ferry) into Dare County?
9. Regional Solid Waste Management?
FOR
AGAINST
TAKE NO SIDE
PMME ! NOMnMEM
R MEW
NONRE MOM
MDefr
NOMESM Nr
269 221
685
1244
131
213
900 1419
58
86
121
169
557 933
380
460
139
270
610 766
366
719
109
184
673 791
254
399
149
471
530 511
366
628
178
530
471 813
409
484
189
364
377 328
615
1132
90
211
764 1292
115
93
189
281
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1
Page 214

' SECTION III - NATURAL RESOURCES: USE & PROTECTION
PART A: DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS
' 1. Privately -owned package sewage treatment plants should be
located only where soil conditions prevent the use of septic tanks?
' 2. Smaller lot sizes should be allowed if central wastewater treat-
ment is available?
3. Smaller lot sizes should be allowed only if both central water
and wastewater treatment are available?
4. The 75 foot setback for development next to estuarine waters
should be increased?
5. Oceanfront setbacks for development should be increased?
' 6. The availablility of drinking water should be a factor in
managing development?
7. Low intensity development in maritime forests is acceptable
if clearing of land is limited?
8. An ordinance regulating private wells should be adopted?
' 9. Land clearing and tree removal on private property should be
regulated by Dare County?
STRONGLY
AGREE
AGREE
NO
OPE41ON
DISAGREE
STRONGLY
DISAGREE
RIM
Noxas
RM
NONM
M
NONRES
M
NOMU
PM
Notau
211
300
362
602
217
373
162
254
115
123
71
75
207
251
84
132
386
652
336
566
143
243
267
381
88
144
293
480
253
391
277
423
275
517
196
381
229
261
96
75
449
619
337
607
107
226
134
157
40
49
666
957
344
635
17
25
28
27
16
25
96
90
314
444
82
170
260
464
315
490
176
291
311
679
164
337
271
255
137
101
109
285
198
515
75
168
330
456
358
238
PART B: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
1. Surface water quality should be a high priority?
' 2. Competing recreational uses in public waters should be regulated?
3. Protection of groundwater should be a high priority?
4. Regulations to prevent the loss of coastal wetlands should be
supported?
' 5. Regulations to prevent the loss of freshwater wetlands should be
supported?
' 6. Wetland loss due to public purpose projects is acceptable if
replaced by manmade wetlands?
7. Wetland loss associated with private development is acceptable
' if replaced with manmade wetlands?
8. Dare County should manage the Buxton Woods maritime forest?
' 9. Marina development in or near shellfish waters should be
discouraged?
' 10. Marina development in or near waters which are not shellfish
waters should be discouraged?
11. A comprehensive stormwater (rain) management and drainage
' plan for Dare County should be developed?
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1
STRONGLY
AGREE
AGREE
NO
OPIIOIION
DISAGREE
STRONGLY
DISAGREE
FM
NONM
RES
NONM
RES
NOHM
FM
NONM
RES
NONRES
548
814
419
699
64
114
24
25
10
11
290
475
426
712
109
231
165
176
72
57
622
958
383
625
38
65
19
13
4
7
516
892
375
614
66
78
70
64
41
20
490
875
383
632
70
80
72
59
53
18
81
97
336
490
114
216
261
489
272
371
57
72
243
336
96
166
292
559
376
530
160
257
273
482
286
720
191
106
147
85
408
627
402
754
116
189
98
77
46
19
152
198
197
338
261
526
366
522
87
75
317
427
458
786
141
274
103
128
47
46
Page 215

PART C: PRODUCTION & MANAGEMENT
1. The competition for marine resources (fish) between commercial
and recreational fishermen should be managed and regulated?
2. Recreational off -road vehicle use should be regulated during
the summer season only?
STRONGLY
AGREE
AGREE
NO
OPINION
DISAGREE
STRONGLY
DISAGREE
RES NONRES
RES NONRES
RES NOWM
RES NONRES
RES NONRES
258 510
430 736
89 206
157 167
133 44
160 273
328 542
81 117
284 432
209 292
SECTION IV: ECONOMIC & COUNTY DEVELOPMENT
1. All unzoned portions of Dare County should be zoned?
2. The Dare County Airport on Roanoke Island should be
expanded to accomodate more commercial passenger air services?
3. Low-level military training flights do not constitute a problem
in this area?
4. Public services (water, sewer) and infrastructure (streets) improve•
ments should be used as incentives to increase economic developmer
5. Dare County should expand its voluntary recycling efforts to
include curbside pickup?
6. The County should establish a mandatory curbside rcc Cling
program?
7. Single family structures should be the most prevalent t%pe of
land use in Dare County?
8. Only low density multi -family housing should be allowed in
Dare County?
9. The County should continue to allow subdivisions to be recorded
if they include privately -owned and privately -maintained streets?
10. The County should provide zoning incentives to encourage private
contractors to build affordable housing?
11. Single family homes that are rented on a short term basis should
be considered a commercial activity and regulated as a business?
12. Commercial development along major transportation routes
should be regulated to prevent strip development?
13. Industrial development should be regulated by zoning and land
use controls?
14. Land -based activities that support of -shore oil and gas
exploration should be prohibited in Dare County?
15. Dare County should promote tourism?
16. Dare County should support promotions to extend the tourist
season?
17. Additional rules and regulatory programs for animal control
are needed?
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1
STRONGLY
AGREE
AGREE
NO
OPINION
DISAGREE
STRONGLY
DISAGREE
RES NONRES
RES
NONRO
RES
NONRES
RES
NONRES
RES
NONRES
249
438
374
721
135
299
159
140
146
41
135
189
270
510
156
412
206
320
301
221
113
128
434
763
132
412
210
240
175
108
99
153
368
569
189
271
246
436
153
218
271
398
433
791
139
242
149
170
51
52
219
336
304
596
156
286
263
335
120
109
430
811
433
652
102
133
79
42
23
18
222
377
344
516
138
201
211
294
141
257
101
132
503
715
231
459
137
217
87
126
138
82
385
445
191
411
261
412
138
297
190
107
282
219
104
168
276
500
214
658
411
800
403
608
89
117
113
95
44
34
446
883
498
689
47
53
48
16
25
14
433
941
219
373
102
173
177
189
134
78
306
534
437
721
71
129
138
186
114
83
261
492
350
649
94
177
206
249
154
90
386
332
306
452
155
615
163
207
58
49
Page 216

SECTION VS VILLAGE ISSUES
' COLINGTON
1. The County should take over the water supply for Colington?
2. A zoning map for Colington should be developed?
3. The County should support annexation of Colington by
Kill Devil Hills?
4. Existing opportunities for public water access in Colington
' are adequate?
DUCK
' 1. The County should expand the amount of land that is zoned
commercial in Duck?
2. A district establishing architectural standards and uniform sign
control should be established along NC-12 in Duck?
3. The County should support the construction of a mid-Currituck
bridge as a priority transportation improvement?
4. Existing opportunities for public water access in Duck
' are adequate?
'HATTERAS ISLAND
1. A district establishing architectural standards and uniform sign
control should be established along NC-12 on Hatteras Island?
' 2. A zoning map for each of the Hatteras Island villages should
be developed?
3. The construction of a desalination plant to change salt water into
drinking water for the Rodanthe, Waves, and Salvo areas
'should be a priority capital improvement?
4. The relocation of the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse as proposed by
the National Park Service is the preferable alternative for
protection of the structure.
' 5. Existing regulations and enforcement activities regarding
unsightly structures and/or conditions are adequate?
6. The County should take over the central water supply for
' Hatteras Island?
7. The County should become involved in efforts to insure a more
reliable electrical service on Hatteras Island?
8. Existing opportunities for public water access on Hatteras
Island are adequate?
MAINLAND DARE COUNTY
' 1. A zoning map for each of the villages on the mainland should
be developed?
2. The County should pursue the widening of US-64 as a priority
'transportation improvement?
3. The U S Fish 8t Wildlife Service's Red Wolf Program should
be supported?
' 4. The County should explore alternative methods of wastewater
treatment in Stumpy Point?
5. Existing opportunities for public water access on the Mainland
are adequate?
6. The County should become involved in efforts to insure a more
reliable electrical service on the Mainland?
STRONGLY
AGREE I
AGREE
NO
OPINION
DISAGREE
STRONGLY
DISAGREE
RES NONRES
RES NONM
RES NONRES
RES Noway
RES NONRES
102 76
67 70
29 63
21 28
21 15
84 54
81 130
29 34
21 21
18 12
17 21
17 41
27 67
51 62
124 60
34 24
89 88
42 86
46 35
24 15
REs NoNM I
6 21
49 246
44 243
148 367
REs NON=
148 367
126 307
141 174
53 119
32 24
86 140
143 247
50 95
RES NONRES I
15 9
32 14
18 7
17 15
10 5
39 10
RES NONRES
10 17
41 178
29 154
123 291
RES NONRES
123 291
150 398
123 256
69 258
66 139
55 196
114 300
127 283
REs
NOMMS
RES
No"M
RES N014PM
6
19
22
132
68
322
6
34
8
32
6
17
8
30
9
36
21
45
29
71
57
77
42
26
REs
NONREB
FM
NONRES
RES NONRES
29
71
57
77
42
26
50
81
35
38
39
8
64
246
30
95
41
57
64
213
87
132
128
106
RES NONRES I
18 26
34 19
20 16
34 17
33 14
27 16
54 224
58 210
31 124
40 180
RES NONRES
16 12
5 10
13 18
30 20
15 25
9 19
128 280
98 189
55 117
93 167
RES NOMM
16 3
15 9
15 5
5 1
20 10
14 5
117 159
102 93
58 44
88 102
M NOMMS I
25 3
8 1
25 5
5 1
14 --
4 3
' Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 217

ROANOKE ISLAND
1. The amount of land zoned commercial on Roanoke Island should
be increased?
2. A zoning map for Wanchese should be developed?
3. The County should support annexation of parts of Roanoke Island
by Manteo?
4. A district regulating architectural standards and uniform sign contro
should be established along US-64 throughout Roanoke Island?
5. The County should support the widening of US-64264 as a priority
transportation improvement?
6. The County should encourage Manteo to develop a plan to extend
their sewer lines?
7. Existing opportunities for public water access on Roanoke Island
are adequate?
9MONGL
AGREE
AGREE
No
OPINION
DISAGREE
STRONGLY
DISAGREE
M
NONRES
M
NONM
M
NONRES
RM
NONM
PM
NONM
13
2
21
12
40
37
109
43
132
32
54
24
101
53
53
33
45
8
64
7
15
9
28
32
43
39
72
22
154
23
80
45
117
47
33
15
40
6
44
11
67
31
107
36
18
18
57
27
65
13
23
27
75
48
80
36
75
7
56
7
30
6
107
21
53
49
89
36
36
12
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 218 '

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Dar Count V Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 220

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
IIIIIIIIII RMIDEW
Type of Respondent By Community
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 221

Dare County Land Use
Plan Appendix
C-1
Page 222

1600
1200
-We
lf
0
ExF _
off of N.C. coast?
Dare County Community Attitudes Survey
sources such as wind and solar?
��IIII�II�Resident
Dare County Land Use Plan APpendix C-1 Page 223

mm Resident
UA Non —Resident
MDar�unlMnd P1MPPe� C� M M M M M M M M M Paj�4

mm Resident
......
....■. MI
Public access for all shoreline areas?
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 225

STRONGLY AGREE
AGREE
NO OPINION
DISAGREE
STRONGLY DISAGREE
STRONGLY AGREE
AGREE
NO OPINION
DISAGREE
STRONGLY DISAGREE
Dare County Community Attitudes Survey
Chart a
0 200 400 600
Ocean setbacks fo
development
The 75 foot at
waters
800
MResident
MMNon —Resident
be
next to estuarin
I be increased?
_Darunnd P1Wppejjj C-J. —Pa
gimi6 _

0 400
Wastewater available
Both utilities avail
Dare County Community Attitudes Survey
Chart 9
800 1200 1600 2000
MMStrongly Agree/Agree
No Opinion
® Disagree/Strongly D.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 227

W

M = M M M M M M M M Will M M M
Dare County Community Attitudes Survey
Chart 11
0 330 660 990 1320
Surface water quali
should be a high
prig
Groundwater protec
should be a high
prii
Regulations to previ
loss of coastal wei
should be suppo
Regulations to previ
loss of freshwater
lands should 19Uppo
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 229

STRONGLY AGREE
AGREE
NO OPINION
DISAGREE
STRONGLY DISAGREE
STRONGLY AGREE
AGREE
NO OPINION
DISAGREE
STRONGLY DISAGREE
Dare County Community Attitudes Survey
Chart 12
0 200 400 600
The co
petition for marin4
resources
fish)
commerci
and recreational
fishermen
hould be managed
and reaula
ed?
Rec tional off —road
vehicle a should be
regulat during the
summer sei
between
only?
800
Resident
Non —Resident
—DarWunt�nd," Pl j"ppeWk C � r _Pa %A—

Dare County Community Attitudes Survey
Chart 13
1500
-
MM Resident
Non —Resident
1125
w
0
750
or
En
w
375
0III
MMIM1111
STRONGLY AGREE AG EE NO 0 INION DISA REE
STRONGLY DISAGREE
Commercial development along major transportation routes
should
be regulated to prevent strip development?
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 231

Dare County Community Attitudes Survey
Chart 15
0 200 400 600 800
Resident
Non —Resident
Single family homes that are rented on a short term basis should be
considered a commercial activity and regulated as a business?
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 233

QUESTION ONE
MORE COMMERCIAL LAND
ISSUE
QUESTION TWa
NC 12 APPEARANCE ISSUE
QUESTION THREE
MID—CURRITUCK BRIDGE
ISSUE
QUESTION FOUR
PUBLIC WATER ACCESS ISSU
Dare County Community Attitudes Survey
Chart 17
0 80 160 240 320 400
Duck Village Issues
Dare County Land
Use
Plan Appendix
C-1
Page 234

M ! M M M! M M' M Ml M M M M M M ire M
QUESTION FOUR
Lighthouse Relocation
QUESTION FIVE
Adequacy of
Unsightly Structure
Regulations
QUESTION SIX
County/Central Water
Supply
Dare County Community Attitudes Survey
Chart 18
0 135 270 405 540
Hatteras Village Issues
675
MMStr Agree Residents
EMStr Agree NonRes
Agree Residents
Agree NonRes
No Opinion Residents
F-1No Opinion NonRes
Disagree Residents
Disagree NonRes
® StrDisagree Reisdent
® StrDisagre NonRes
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 235

i
Str Agree/ Residents
Str Agree/ NonRes
Agree/ Residents
Agree/ NonRes
No Opinion/Residents
No Opinion/ NonRes
Disagree/Resident
Disagree/NonRes
StrDisagree/Resident
StrDisagree/NonRes
The County should bec
DareCounty Community Attitudes Survey
Chart 19
10
Q
efforts to insure a more reliable
electrical service on the Mainland?
30
40
1 EM # of Responses
Dare County Land Use
Plan Appendix
C-1
Page 236

I� IIIIIIII� IIIIIIII� � � III � � I� Illiiii� III IIIIIIII� IIIIIIIII� � � � � IIIIIIIII� illllllll�
150
120
• o
•U
011
W17
Dare County Community Attitudes Survey
Chart 20
Strongly Agree Agree No opinion uisagree Strongly uisagree
1 The amount of land zoned commercial on Roanoke Island should be increased?
2 A zoning map for Wanchese should be developed?
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 237

Dear Dare County Property Owner:
Enclosed with this letter you will find a copy of the Dare County Community Attitudes Survey. This survey will be
used to assist with the development of policies to be included in the 1993 update of the Dare County Land Use Plan. The
Dare County Land Use Plan is a document used by the Planning Board, Planning Staff, and various State and Federal
agencies to guide decisions about land use and development in the unincorporated area of Dare County.
I urge you to take a few minutes of your time to complete the survey and return the completed form by June 15,
1993. Your opinions are important and are greatly appreciated.
On behalf of the Dare County Board of Commissioners, I want to thank you for taking the time to answer the
survey and assist the County with this aspect of the Land Use Plan update process.
Sincerely yours,
Robert V. Owens, Jr. '
Chairman Dare County Board of Commissioners
Dare County Community Attitudes Survey NONPROFIT ORG.
ECU- Regional Development Institute US POSTAGE
Corner of First and Reade Streets PAID
PERMIT NO. 110
Willis Building GREENVILLE, NC
Greenville, NC 27858-4353
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 238

DARE COUNTY COMMUNITY ATTITUDES SURVEY
1
SECTION I PERSONAL
The following section provides background characteristics on each respondent Please check [ J the appropriate
answer.
1. Which of the following best represents your residence status?
[ ] Resident property owner [ ] Non-resident property owner
2. Where, in unincorporated Dare County, do you own property?
' [ ] Colington [ ] Duck [ ] Hatteras Island
[ j Mainland (] Roanoke Island [ ] Other
n
1
3. FOR NON-RESIDENTS: Do you plan to permanently reside in Dare County in the future?
[ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Not sure
SECTION II:ISSUES
This section asks foryour attitudes on several important issues facing Dare County. Please check how you feel on the
following issues.
1. Exploration of gas and oil off the coast of North Carolina?
[ ] FOR [ ] AGAINST [ ] TAKE NO SIDE
2. Research of alternative energy sources such as wind and solar?
[ ] FOR [ ] AGAINST [ ] TAKE NO SIDE
3. Reconstruction of ocean beaches by pumping sand back on beaches (beach nourishment)?
[ ] FOR [ ] AGAINST [ ] TAKE NO SIDE
4. Public access for all shoreline areas?
[ ] FOR [ ] AGAINST [ ] TAKE NO SIDE
5. Construction of the proposed Oregon Inlet jetties?
[ ] FOR [ ] AGAINST [ ] TAKE NO SIDE
6. Consolidation of all local governments into one government?
[ ] FOR [ ] AGAINST [ ] TAKE NO SIDE
7. Additional'purchases of private land for public ownership?
[ ] FOR [ ] AGAINST [ ] TAKE NO SIDE
8. Charging tolls at entry points (roads, ferry) into Dare County?
[ ] FOR [ ] AGAINST [ ] TAKE NO SIDE
9. Regional Solid Waste Management?
[ ] FOR [ ] AGAINST [ ] TAKE NO SIDE
SECTION III - NATURAL RESOURCES: USE &'PROTECTION
Please indicate the answer that best describes your opinion of the following statements as it applies to the utilization
and protection level of certain natural resources in Dare County.
PART A: DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS
1. Privately -owned package sewage treatment plants should be located only where soil conditions prevent the use of
septic tanks?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE ( ] NO OPINION ( ] DISAGREE ( ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
2. Smaller lot sizes should be allowed if central wastewater treatment is available?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 239

3. Smaller lot sizes should be allowed only if both central water and wastewater treatment are available?
J STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
4. The 75 foot setback for development next to estuarine waters should be increased?
STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION DISAGREE STRONGLY DISAGREE
5. Oceanfront setbacks for development should be increased?
STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION DISAGREE STRONGLY DISAGREE
6. The availability of drinking water should be a factor in managing development?
1 STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE STRONGLY DISAGREE
7. Low intensity development in maritime forests is acceptable if clearing of land is limited?
STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION DISAGREE STRONGLY DISAGREE
8. An ordinance regulating private wells should be adopted?
1 STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION DISAGREE STRONGLY DISAGREE
9. Land clearing and tree removal on private property should be regulated by Dare County?
STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
PART B: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
1.
Surface water quality should be a high priority.
J STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION DISAGREE
STRONGLY DISAGREE
2.
Competing recreational uses in public waters should be regulated.
J STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION DISAGREE
J STRONGLY DISAGREE
3.
Protection of groundwater should be a high priority.
STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE , [ ] NO OPINION DISAGREE
J STRONGLY DISAGREE
4.
Regulations to prevent the loss of coastal wetlands should be supported?
J STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE
J STRONGLY DISAGREE
5.
Regulations to prevent the loss of freshwater wetlands should be supported?
STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE
J STRONGLY DISAGREE
6.
Wetland loss due to public purpose projects is acceptable if replaced by manmade wetlands?
STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE
[ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
7.
Wetland loss associated with private development is acceptable if replaced with manmade wetlands?
STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION DISAGREE
STRONGLY DISAGREE
8.
Dare County should manage the Buxton Woods maritime forest?
STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION DISAGREE
STRONGLY DISAGREE
9.
Marina development in or near shellfish waters should be discouraged?
J STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE
STRONGLY DISAGREE
10.
Marina development in or near waters which are not shellfish waters should be discouraged?
J STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE
[ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
11.
A comprehensive stormwater (rain) management and drainage plan for Dare County should be developed?
J STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE
[ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
PART C: PRODUCTION & MANAGEMENT
1. The competition for marine resources (fish) between commercial and recreational fishermen
should be managed and regulated.
J STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE NO OPINION DISAGREE STRONGLY DISAGREE
2. Recreational off -road vehicle use should be regulated during the summer season only?
J STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 240 1

1
SECTION N: ECONONIIC;AND :COUNTY DEVELOPMENT .
This section concerns your opinions related to future economic and land development in Dare County. Please check
the answer that best describes your opinion.
1. All unzoned portions of Dare County should be zoned?
' [ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
2. The Dare County Airport on Roanoke Island should be expanded to accomodate more commercial passenger
air services?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
3. Low-level military training flights do not constitute a problem in this area?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
4. Public services (water, sewer) and infrastructure (streets) improvements should be used as incentives to increase
economic development?
11
I
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
5. Dare County should expand its voluntary recycling efforts to include curbside pickup?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
6. The County should establish a mandatory curbside recycling program?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
7. Single family structures should be the most prevalent type of land use in Dare County?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
8. Only low density multi -family housing should be allowed in Dare County?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
9. The County should continue to allow subdivisions to be recorded if they include privately -owned and privately -
maintained streets?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
10. The County should provide zoning incentives to encourage private contractors to build affordable housing?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
11. Single family homes that are rented on a short term basis should be considered a commercial activity and regulated
as a business?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
12. Commercial development along major transportation routes should be regulated to prevent strip development?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
13. Industrial development should be regulated by zoning and land use controls?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
14. Land -based activities that support off -shore oil and gas exploration should be prohibited in Dare County?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
15. Dare County should promote tourism?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
16. Dare County should support promotions to extend the tourist season?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
17. Additional rules and regulatory programs for animal control are needed?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1
Page 241

VILLAGE ISSUES
Please respond to the set of questions that applies to the area where you live and/or own property.
COLINGTON
1. The County should take over the water supply for Colington?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ]
DISAGREE
[ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
2. A zoning map for Colington should be developed?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ]
DISAGREE
[ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
3. The County should support annexation of Colington by Kill Devil Hills?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ]
DISAGREE
[ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
4. Existing opportunities for public water access in Colington are adequate?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ]
DISAGREE
[ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
DUCK
1. The County should expand the amount of land that is zoned commercial in Duck?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
2. A district establishing architectural standards and uniform sign control should be established along NC-12 in Duck?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
3. The County should support the construction of a mid-Currituck bridge as a priority transportation improvement?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
4. Existing opportunities for public water access in Duck are adequate?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
HATTERAS ISLAND
1. A district establishing architectural standards and uniform sign control should be established along NC-12 on
Hatteras Island?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
2. A zoning map for each of the Hatteras Island ♦illages should be developed?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
3. The construction of a desalination plant to change salt water into drinking water for the Rodanthe, Waves, and Salvo areas
should be a priority capital improvement?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
4. The relocation of the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse as proposed by the National Park Service is the preferable alternative
for protection of the structure?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
5. Existing regulations and enforcement activities regarding unsightly structures and/or conditions are adequate?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
6. The County should take over the central water supply for Hatteras Island?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
7. The County should become involved in efforts to insure a more reliable electrical service on Hatteras Island?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
8. Existing opportunities for public water access on Hatteras Island are adequate?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
MAINLAND DARE COUNTY
1.
A zoning map for each of the villages on the Mainland should be developed?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ]
STRONGLY DISAGREE
2.
The County should pursue the widening of US-64 as a priority transportation improvement?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ]
STRONGLY DISAGREE
3.
The U S Fish & Wildlife Service's Red Wolf Program should be supported?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ]
STRONGLY DISAGREE
4.
The County should explore alternative methods of wastewater treatment in Stumpy Point?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ]
STRONGLY DISAGREE
5.
Existing opportunities for public water access on the Mainland are adequate?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ]
STRONGLY DISAGREE
6.
The County should become involved in efforts to insure a more reliable electrical service on the Mainland?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ]
STRONGLY DISAGREE
n
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 242 1

1
ROANOKE ISLAND
1. The amount of land zoned commercial on Roanoke Island should be increased?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
2. A zoning map for Wanchese should be developed?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
3. The County should support annexation of parts of Roanoke Island by Manteo?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
4. A district regulating architectural standards and uniform sign control should be established along US-64 throughout
Roanoke Island?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
5. The County should support the widening of US-64/264 as a priority transportation improvement?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
6. The County should encourage Manteo to develop a plan to extend their sewer lines?
[ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
7. Existing opportunities for public water access on Roanoke Island are adequate?
L [ ] STRONGLY AGREE [ ] AGREE [ ] NO OPINION [ ] DISAGREE [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION IN THIS EFFORT!
Please fold as instructed below and affix a twenty-nine cents postage stamp. Please be sure to include the
insert page with your return. Once again, thank you for your participation in this survey.
PLEASE RETURN BY JUNE 15, 1993
Please fold on the dotted -line for return.
RETURN TO:
Dare County Community Attitudes Survey
ECU- Regional Development Institute
Corner of First and Reade Streets
Willis Building
Greenville, NC 27858-4353
PLACE
STAMP
HERE
I
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-1 Page 243

Appendix C-2
Report on Land Use Plan Forums
June 28, 1993 --
June 29, 1993 --
June 30, 1993 --
Buxton, NC
Manteo, NC
Kitty Hawk, NC
Conducted by Glenn Harbeck, Glenn Harbeck
Associates and the Dare County Planning Board and
Planning Staff
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-2
Page 244

h
Citizen Concerns for the Dare County Land Use Plan
Hatteras Island
Monday, June 28, 1993
Cape Hatteras School
Issue or Concern Identified by the Public Priority Weight
Community Appearance
♦ Clean up Highway 12 and other areas. Re: abandoned vehicles, trailers, etc. 6
♦ Need highway corridor plan for NC 12 (off -premises advertising, smaller 2
signs proliferating, curb cut limits, "lighting blinding"
♦ Cleanup soundside and canals re: tires, refrigerators 1
♦ Protect highways from unattractive development 0
♦ Ask State to clean up their land re: Buxton Woods dumping 0
Bikeways/Pedestrian Ways
♦ Bike paths for safety and recreation, all down the Banks but especially on 10
Hatteras. Work with park Service -- good for economy too
♦ Lack of bike lanes 3
Commercial Development
♦ Safeguard against large chain developments 3
Commercial Fishing
♦ Commercial fishing being put at a disadvantage by tourism (good too) but 6
let's not stamp it out
Storm Hazard Management
♦ Communication of information in storm events 6
♦ Adequate emergency shelters back in woods, high ground, etc. 4
♦ Evacuation plan 3
♦ Reconstruction after storm priority 2
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-2 Page 245

Issue or Concern Identified by the Public Priority Weight
Fiscal Concerns
♦ Homestead exemptions -- primary residences, length of residency -- give 11
these folks a tax break
♦ How is public acquisition of property going to affect Hatteras Island re: 5
taxes, density
♦ Better enforcement of occupancy tax re: rental cottages 3
♦ Need to consider full costs of high energy/water consumers -- not fair to the 0
other residents; fair payment system.. "All paid for in the rent"
Solid Waste Management
♦ Increase emphasis on recycling 8
♦ Better recycling availability 4
♦ Trash disposal 1
♦ Depletion of landfill -- what we -re going to do 0
Affordable Housing
♦ Affordable housing for year-round residents and seasonal employees; County 5
involvement
♦ High costs of lots/houses for young couples starting out 2
♦ Low income housing 1
Beach Cottages
♦ Concern about "cottages" with 6 bedrooms sleeping 20 people -- water, 8
sewage, health hazard!?
♦ Build weekly rental cottages to commercial codes re: handicap ramps, etc. 1
Historic Preservation
♦ Conduct historic structures survey -- County wide so we know what we're 2
tearingdown own (losing tax credits, heritage, etc.)
Intergovernmental Coordination/PlanningManagement
♦ CAMA permits issued without regard to adjoining land owners 3
Economic Development
♦ Diversification of economic base -- businesses not dependent on tourism 2
(e.g. data processing)
Daze County Land Use Plan Appendix C-2 Page 246

1
Issue or Concern Identified by the Public
Priority Weight
Animal Control
♦ Leash law
1
♦ Livestock control re: smell
0
Law Enforcement/Public Safety
♦ Lifeguards, red flags to take pressure off of EMTs
4
♦ Increased law enforcement; protection of private property
1
'
Public Access
♦ Public access to sound for recreation and emergency
4
'
♦ Designated areas for surfers; parking, etc. Surfing and bathhouses
2
RegulationlGrowth Management
♦ Continued efforts toward comprehensive site zoning throughout County
4
'
♦ Lots platted at less than 20,000 sq. f3. without water impact units
1
♦ Planning boards who approve such lots
0
♦ Don't hurt people making a living by being too aggressive, "shangrila
0
tomorrow"
♦ Noise regulation
0
'
Sewage Treatment
♦ Concern about central sewage -- used as tool to increase development
2
'
density
♦ Septic tank inspection of old tanks
2
♦ Areas on soil maps where septic tanks likely to have problems, -- mandatory
1
'
maintenance program
♦ County -wide central sewage -- better than as handled now?
0
♦ Concern about septic systems especially package treatment plants and
0
'
grouped systems
'
Traffic and Transportation
♦ Highway 12 flooding -- permanent solution
12
♦ Rush on study for new Oregon Inlet bridge
7
♦ Adequate roads to handle traffic from tourism plus hurricane evacuation
♦ What is policy on Bonner Bridge replacement
5
2
♦ Elevate NC 12
1
' Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-2 Page 247

Issue or Concern Identified by the Public
Long Range Planning/Vision
♦ Commitment toward conservation or resources (solid waste, electricity,
water, etc.)
• Recognition of what we're going to look like at total build out under present
zoning (of lack of) including redevelopment at greater density
♦ Vision -- 10 yr., 20 yr., 50 yr.
Potable Water
• Availability of potable water (not enough) whole county
♦ Rodnathe, Waves, Salvo has no public water supply -- needs one
♦ Water availability
• Contamination of groundwater -- leaking fuel tanks, landfills, septic tanks,
etc.
Wetlands
• Sound side plan with consideration toward wetlands
Water Quality
Priority Weight
7
5
0
11
6
4
3
3
♦ Contamination of sounds, bays, creeks, and ultimately the ocean 14
• Motor oil -- Where is it going? What should we do? 3
♦ Monitoring of marinas and docks for discharge, waste, etc. (sewage, fish 2
carcasses)
Shore and Beach
♦ Long-term shoreline management plan for NC 12 8
♦ Beach/dune renourishment -- physical and financial approach; what's best? 0
Other
♦ Growing animosity between residents and tourism -- Commercial areas being 3
consumed by residential development. Total anti -growth sentiment con go
too far ("85 miles of retirement village")
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-2 Page 248

Roanoke Island/Mainland
Tuesday, June 29, 1993
Dare County Administrative Annex
Issue or Concern Identified by the Public Priority Weight
Community Appearance
♦ All utility lines underground aesthetically, brown out 3
Bikeways/Pedestrian Ways
♦ Why, in a resort area, do we build expressways and no place for people to 8
walk and bike
♦ Greenways and parks needed 4
♦ Require that streets be connected, so that you don't have to use the main 1
road to get everywhere (bikeways too)
Commercial Development
♦ Limit commercial and industrial development 0
Carrying Capacity
• Too much attention to growth we don't have resources water, sewer, to 5
support it
♦ Restrict housing density based on water availability 4
♦ Match infrastructure improvements with future growth 2
Commercial Fishing
♦ Section 3, page 7, current plan -- leave it in (globe Fish Co. docks) 3
♦ Support commercial fishing industry 2
♦ County getting away from supporting commercial fishing (menhaden, 1
flounder regs, Oregon Inlet)
Storm Hazard Management
♦ Hurricane shelters? 0
♦ More evacuation routes 0
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-2 Page 249

Issue or Concern Identified by the Public Priority Weight
Fiscal Concerns
♦ Taxes too high for this size town (Dare County) 2
♦ Evaluations too high, not assessed rate necessarily 1
Solid Waste Management
♦ More recycling needed vs. regular pick-ups 8
♦ Drop-offs/curb recycling needed in unincorporated County 2
♦ Pick up needed for yard refuse; need long-term solution 1
♦ Solid waste disposal 1
Historic Preservation
♦ Maintain historic identity of communities 3
Intergovernmental CoordinationlPlanning Management
♦ Get Dare on-line with NC-GIS system 3
♦ Can't get a trail by jury when CAMA/CRC is involved -- unconstitutional 2
♦ Consolidate government instead of all these small towns 2
♦ Consolidation of governments 1
♦ U.S.G.S. Survey information to be utilized in Land Use Plan 0.
♦ More coordination among local government LUPs next to water bodies 0
Economic Development
♦ Question need for convention center -- lack of support facilities 7
♦ Spread growth benefits of beaches to Mainland 2
♦ Lack of aquaculture, or any consideration since CAMA came into being 2
(1974)
♦ Better job opportunities, economic development and diversity, outside of 2
tourism; industrial development needed
♦ Dare County should support "eco-tourism" 1
Off -shore Oil
♦ Preserve present language in Plan prohibiting on -shore development for off- 8
shore oil/gas
♦ Don't change OCS language in LUP 3
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-2 Page 250

11
0
C
Issue or Concern Identified by the Public Priority Weight
Oregon Inlet
♦ Get rid of jetty opponents in Washington and elsewhere 1
Parks and Open Space
• Greenways and parks needed 4
Public Participation
♦ All citizens should have opportunity to express their opinion on land use plan 1
-- incorporated areas too
♦ Send 2 surveys, one for husband and one for wife each 1
♦ Send questionnaires for children too. they're smarter than you think 0
♦ Everyone in Dare County should get questionnaire and each household 0
should get one
♦ Wants public say in LUP 0
RegulationlGrowth Management
♦ Support residential and historic land use on north end of Roanoke Island and 6
discourage incompatible uses
♦ Prohibition on construction of County building in AECs (new high school on 2
Run Hill in Nags Head Woods)
♦ Water use plan needed -- zone water if necessary 1
♦ Require that streets be connected, so that you don't have to use the main 1
road to get everywhere (bikeways)
♦ More comprehensive zoning for all unzoned or S-1 zoned areas 0
Sewage Treatment
♦ Concern about long-term maintenance of package wastewater treatment
plants
♦ Permit septic tanks based on actual use vs. number of bedrooms
♦ Use water efficient toilets
Social and Other Services
♦ Plan for health care needs
♦ Build social services and other buildings where people are
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-2
a]
2
1
0
Page 251

Issue or Concern Identified by the Public Priority Weight
Storm -water Management
♦ Concern about ground/surface water quality -- stormwater runoff 2
♦ Poor drainage along some roads, traffic hazards, access cut off 1
Traffic and Transportation
• County plan should support "midway" bridge --just like Manteo LUP vs. 7
widening of Route 64
♦ Better traffic control during summer and peak evacuations 6
• Opposed to 5 lane highway through Manteo (Town, Corridor Commission) 5
♦ Further study on bridge crossing on Midway -- would also facilitate 4
evacuation
• Planning needed for "double" bridge from Roanoke Island to Manns Harbor 1
♦ Require that streets be connected, so that you don't have to use the main 1
road to get everywhere (bikeways too)
• Cost of trying to control S-curves on NC 12 (some other solution needed) 0
• Better design of highways (safety) 0
Long Range Planning/Vision
• Meet needs of present generation without compromising needs of future 4
generations (put in preface of Plan)
Potable Water
♦ Need for hydro -geological study -- use it to underlay the Land Use Plan (re: 8
water use and availability)
• Water quality -- drinking water 5
♦ Restrict housing density based on water availability 4
♦ Protect aquifers 3
• Clearly define ownership of water, should property owners get compensation 2
as per mineral rights
• Use water efficient toilets 2
♦ Restrictions on land surface areas that are well/ground water recharge areas 1
(EPA study)
Wetlands
• Discourage wetland mitigation 3
• Wants Dare County to stop sand mining -- especially in wetlands 1
• Policy on replenishing wetlands especially marshlands 1
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-2 Page 252

1
Issue or Concern Identified by the Public
Priority Weight
'
Water Quality
♦ Ban on any ocean/sound/coastal waters, discharge of stormwater runoff and
8
related auto pollutants
• Concerned about water quality of sounds, bays, ocean -- sewage and
4
stormwater runoff
'
♦ Stabilize Oregon Inlet -- otherwise we're in a cesspool
2
♦ Monitoring of Shallowbag Bay discharge
2
♦ Better enforcement of phosphate ban in Dare
0
Ex Airport anion
P P
'
♦ Do not allow expansion of airport
♦ Against airport runway extension especially in Croatan Sound
20
17
• Airport Commission (Authority) should be elected
12
♦ Concerned about shoaling in Croatan Sound related to airport extension
8
♦ All costs for all plans for airport extension be published now
4
♦ Upgrade what we have at airport, that's enough
4
♦ Airport expansion is more folly than necessity -- expense to us
3
'
♦ Airport extension will cause damage to. northern part of Roanoke Island
2
♦ Annual cost to County of airport
1
'
• Airport hasn't shown a profit -- never will
0
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation
♦ Support preserving submerged aquatic vegetation
0
Other
♦ Builders and developers exert too much influence
9
♦ Number roads and streets for easy orientation
0
' Dare CountyLand Use Plan Appendix C-2 Page 253

North Beaches
Wednesday, June 30, 1993
Kitty Hawk Town Hall
Issue or Concern Identified by Public Priority Weight
Community Appearance
♦ Need architectural standards
• Address junk and abandoned trailers and trailers used for storage
♦ Real need for clean up on Colington Road -- ordinance enforcement to stop
dumping, garbage, junk cars
♦ Encourage unique character of Dare County, not like everybody else (poor
man's Virginia Beach)
♦ Billboards out in sound shouldn't County address? (Southern Shores recently
took action)
Bikeways/Pedestrian Ways
♦ Safe bicycle/pedestrian walkways throughout County; present paths are not
safe
♦ Protect walkers and cyclists on major roads i.e. sidewalks, lights, etc,
• People paths, places to walk to and from -- get people/sidewalks off
highways
♦ Traffic lights/patterns not designed for people (esp. across 158)
♦ Policy to encourage and fund segregation of cars, bicycles, pedestrians
5
2
2
2
n
7
3
2
1
0
Commercial Development
♦ Eliminate strip commercial development, encourage alternative centers (not 1
giants)
Carrying Capacity
♦ Policy to link growth with the availability of water and wastewater treatment 5
Fiscal Concerns
♦ Address RVs that have become permanent homes but are not taxed like real- 3
estate; create service demand -- don't pay fair share
Daze County Land Use Plan Appendix C-2 Page 254

n
Issue or Concern Identified by the Public Priority Weight
' Solid Waste Management
♦ Mandatory curbside recycling with punitive measures and revenue 9
' generation
♦ Solid waste disposal. What about back-up for Bertie County site? 5
♦ Need better disposal of household hazardous waste -- i.e. "amnesty day". 5
♦ Recycling mandatory in County to help address landfill problem 1
'
Affordable Housing
♦ Need for affordable housing, especially for seasonal workers (truly
6
affordable)
Intergovernmental CoordinatiomPlanning Management
♦ Cooperation between County and Towns on Land Use Plan (interaction,
7
working together)
'
♦ Relations of Dare County with Currituck , NC and State of Virginia (Dare to
6
retain character)
♦ More intergovernmental coordination in planning
4
♦ Greater and earlier involvement of municipalities in LUP process
3
♦ Multi jurisdictional clarity over responsibilities for different
0
geographic/policy areas (CAMA, ACOE, Towns, etc.)
Economic Development
'
♦ Prevent OCS support facilities. Offshore oil drilling
11
♦ Need for convention/multi-use centers for arts, culture
3
♦ Dare County is a vacation destination -- policy to insure this continues
3
'
♦ Economic diversity -- some way for people to make a better living
1
Maritime Forest
'
♦ Wetland and maritime forest conservation and protection
5
♦ Protection or maritime forests (Kitty Hawk, Duck Woods in future, Nags
0
Head Woods, etc.)
Public Access
♦ More, safer beach accesses for the people with necessary parking, near or
3
remote (safer for children too)
♦ Policy on commercial use of ocean beaches
1
'
♦ More public access to water throughout the County
0
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-2
Page 255

Parks and Open Space
♦ Conscious effort to preserve open spaces -- some of atmosphere we used to
have
♦ Link subdivision development to open space requirements
Public Participation
• Participation -- Taxpayers who own property, much talent, no way to use
that talent -- they are non -voters
RegulationlGrowth Management
• Need specific zoning for Colington to reflect character and preclude
annexation
• Coverage and density restrictions including building heights
• Limits on new development, so as to encourage rehabilitation of what we've
got (specifically sprawl leading to airport, is Southern Shores, Duck being
threatened)
♦ County needs "light pollution" control policy
• More comprehensive zoning along NC 12 in Duck -- pure commercial strip
♦ Policy on limited density and lot size to separate wells and septic tanks
• Need schedule to control level of development (rate)
3
2
1
5
3
2
2
2
2
1
Sewage Treatment
♦ Seek alternative means of wastewater treatment -- demonstration projects 8
• Island's ability to continue to support septic tanks vs. central sewage systems 2
♦ Create stormwater and wastewater management plan for entire County 1
Social and Other Services
♦ Push for completion of youth center. What's going on?
• Need for high school to be built on beach
♦ Planning for senior citizens services (transport, health care, housing)
Stormwater Management
• Stormwater management needed for road i.e. SR 1217
♦ Safety of Colington Road -- stormwater, rising tides, causing potholes, (not
straightening but possible widening too)
♦ Policy on filling drainage ditches
♦ Create stormwater and wastewater management plan for entire County
4
2
2
5
3
3
1
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-2 Page 256

1
Issue or Concern Identified by the Public
Traffic and Transportation
• Mid -county bridge, sanctuary for horses, no access to VA along Outer
Banks
• Safety of Colington Road -- Stormwater, rising tides, causing potholes, (not
straightening but possible widening too)
♦ Need policy on traffic signals; intergovernmental coordination
♦ Need to minimize traffic cutting through Southern Shores rather than using
the highway
♦ Kitty Hawk/ 158/NC 12 intersection is bad
♦ Whalebone Junction is bad (especially at night) -- need input of towns
♦ Traffic lights/patterns not designed for people (esp. across 158)
♦ More input from local people in NCDOT decisions
Priority Weight
4
3
2
1
1
0
' Long Range Planning/Vision
♦ Need 100 year LUP for coastal development 5
♦ Balance economic development and natural resources 2
iPotable Water
♦ Research total water surface before going further on RO wells 6
' ♦ Wellhead and watershed protection policies 4
• Attention to protection of wellhead areas 1
'
Wetlands
♦ Wetland and maritime forest conservation and protection
5
♦ Policy to stop commercial and multi -family development in wetlands
5
'
♦ Protect/preserve wetlands (along sound -- outfall problem plus mainland)
2
'
Water Quality
♦ Policy to oppose discharge of wastewater and stormwater to surface waters,
8
ocean outfalls
♦ Need more "pump out" facilities at marinas and for RVs -- better control
1
Shore and Beach
♦ Oceanfront erosion affecting Beach Road, tourism, overall economy -- beach
2
'
renourishment
♦ Ocean overwash -- County to plan ahead (Kitty Hawk, KDH)
0
'
Other
♦ Policy to compensate for effect on natural processes
1
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-2
Page 257

Appendix C-3
Issue Alternative Worksheet Used by
Dare County Planning Board Workshop
For Development of Policies -for
Land Use Plan Update
September 13, 1993
Manteo, NC
Conducted by Dare County Planning Board and
Planning Staff
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3
Page 258

Appendix C-3 Issue Alternative Worksheet
SECTION II GENERAL ISSUES
1. ISSUE: EXPLORATION FOR NATURAL GAS AND/OR OIL OFF THE COAST OF NORTH
CAROLINA
Survev Results:
For
Against
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
501
17.9
1952
69.7
349 12.5
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Favor Exploration
b. Oppose Exploration
c. Conditional Support
d. Conditional Opposition
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
2. ISSUE: RESEARCH FOR ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES SUCH AS WIND OR SOLAR
ENERGY
Survey Results:
For
Against
No 20nion
#
%
#
%
# %
2354
84,3
145
5.2
293 10.5
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Favor Exploration
b. Oppose Exploration
c. Conditional Support
d. Conditional Opposition
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3
Page 259

3. ISSUE: RECONSTRUCTION OF OCEAN BEACHES BY PUMPING SAND BACK ON BEACHES
(BEACH NOURISHMENT)
Survev Results:
For
Against
No Opinion
#
%
#:
%
# %
1518
54.6
844
30.4
416 d 15.0
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Advocate beach nourishment as Dare County's preferred shoreline management policy
b. Advocate some other alternative, such as
1. Retreat/relocation
2. Shoreline hardening structures such as seawalls
3. Post -disaster reconstruction setback increases
4. Post -disaster reconstruction prohibitions
5. Prohibitions on immovable oceanfront structures
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
4. ISSUE: PUBLIC ACCESS FOR ALL SHORELINE AREAS
Survev Results:
For
Against
No inion
#
%
#
%
#
1392
49.9
1102
39.5
298
10.7
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Advocate the development of additional public access facilities in unincorporated Dare County
b. Advocate the development of a shoreline access plan for unincorporated Dare County
c. Both of the above
d. Oppose public access or additional access facilities
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3 Page 260

5. ISSUE: THE PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OF TWIN JETTIES AT OREGON INLET
Survev Results
For
Against
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
1489
53.6
657
23.7
629 22.7
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Advocate construction of the jetties
b. Oppose construction of the jetties
c. Advocate construction with certain conditions
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
6. ISSUE: CONSOLIDATION OF ALL DARE COUNTY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS INTO ONE LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
Survev Rmi1w
For
Against
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
1057
38.0
1004
1 36.1
719 25.8
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Advocate a consolidation study
b. Advocate maintaining existing multiple governments situation
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
7. ISSUE: ADDITIONAL PURCHASES OF PRIVATE LAND FOR PUBLIC OWNERSHIP
Survev Resulty
For
Against
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
1301
47.0
908
1 32.8
559 20.2
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Support continued public acquisition of private lands for preservation of natural or historic
resources
b. Oppose continued public acquisition of private land
c. Support public acquisition only in conjunction with a master plan for public use of the land to be
acquired.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3
Page 261

8. ISSUE: CHARGING TOLLS AT ENTRY POINTS (ROADS, FERRY) INTO DARE COUNTY?
Survev Results
For
Against—
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
#
%
717
25.7
1772
63.5
303
10.9
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Advocate consideration of an entrance fee
b. Discontinue consideration of entrance fee concept
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
9. ISSUE: REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Survev Results -
For
A ainst
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
#
%
2086
75.3
213
7.7
473
17.1
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Advocate Dare County's participation in a Regional Solid Waste Management Authority
b. Oppose Dare County's participation in a Regional Solid Waste Management Authority
c. Advocate a dual system of a local solid waste management site and participation in a Regional Solid
Waste Management Authority
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3 Page 262

u
SECTION III — NATURAL RESOURCES — PART A
1. ISSUE: PRIVATELY -OWNED PACKAGE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS SHOULD BE
LOCATED ONLY WHERE SOIL CONDITIONS PREVENT THE USE OF SEPTIC TANKS?
Survev ResulLt-
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
1500
54.5
660
1 23.9
597 21.7
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Privately -owned package sewage treatment plants should be located only where soil conditions
prevent the use of septic tanks.
' b. Privately -owned package sewage treatment plants should be allowed regardless of soil conditions.
c. Privately -owned package sewage treatment plants should be allowed as an alternative to septic tanks
if a reduction in the risk of environmental damage is achieved
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
j
Cl
1
2. ISSUE: SMALLER LOT SIZES SHOULD BE ALLOWED IF CENTRAL WASTEWATER
TREATMENT IS AVAILABLE?
CnrvPv Rpailty
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
612
21.8
1968
70.3
219 7.8
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Smaller lot sizes should be allowed if central wastewater treatment is available
b. Lot sizes should remain unchanged regardless of the availability of central wastewater.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3
Page 263

1
3. ISSUE: SMALLER LOT SIZES SHOULD BE ALLOWED ONLY IF BOTH CENTRAL WATER AND
CENTRAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT ARE AVAILABLE?
Cnrvc--v Recnity
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
I %
#
%
#
%
1050
1 38.5
1435
52.7
237
8.7
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Smaller lot sizes should be allowed if both central wastewater and central water supply are available.
b. Lot sizes should remain unchanged regardless of the availability of central water and central
wastewater treatment.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
4. ISSUE: THE 75' CAMA SETBACK FOR DEVELOPMENT NEXT TO ESTUARINE WATERS
SHOULD BE INCREASED?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
1515
55.0
668
24.2
575 1 20.8
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. The setback should be increased.
b. The setback should remain at 75 feet
c. The setback should be decreased
c. The setback should be eliminated.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
5. ISSUE: THE SETBACKS FOR OCEANFRONT DEVELOPMENT SHOULD BE INCREASED?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
#
2042
73.9
385
13.9
337
1 12.2
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. An increase in the oceanfront setback should be advocated
b. The setback formula should remain unchanged
c. A decrease in the oceanfront setback should be advocated.
d. The setbacks on the oceanfront should be eliminated.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3
Page 264
I

6. ISSUE: THE AVAILABILITY OF DRINKING WATER SHOULD BE A FACTOR IN MANAGING
DEVELOPMENT?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
2636
1 94.8
99
1 3.6
44 1.6
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Subdivision plat approval and building permit authorization should be coordinated with the County's
ability to provide potable water for development.
b. Subdivision plat approval and building permit authorization should not be linked to the County's
ability to provide potable water for development.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
7. ISSUE: LOW INTENSITY DEVELOPMENT IN A MARITIME FOREST IS ACCEPTABLE IF LAND
CLEARING IS LIMITED?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No inion
#
%
#
%
#
%
959
34.7
1550
56.1
2551
9.2
Workshop Comments:
' Alternatives for Consideration
a. Continue to allow residential development in Buxton Woods under the restrictive guidelines of the
SED -1 ordinance.
b. Amend the SED-1 Ordinance to make land clearing more restrictive.
c. Amend the SED-1 Ordinance to make land clearing less restrictive.
I
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
iF
8. ISSUE: AN ORDINANCE REGULATING PRIVATE WELLS SHOULD BE ADOPTED?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
1472
53.3
683
28.4
506 18.3
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt an ordinance regulating any type of private well.
b. Dare County should not regulate private wells.
c. Dare County should adopt an ordinance regulating private wells used for potable water
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3 Page 265

9. ISSUE: LAND CLEARING AND TREE REMOVAL ON PRIVATE PROPERTY SHOULD BE
REGULATED BY DARE COUNTY?
Cllrvev Remits•
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
#
%
1121
40.4
1404
50.6
246
8.9
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Stronger land clearing and tree removal regulations should be established in Dare County.
b. Land clearing and tree removal on private property should remain unregulated in Dare County.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
SECTION III — PART B —ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
1. ISSUE: SURFACE WATER QUALITY SHOULD BE A HIGH PRIORITY?
Survev Results -
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
#
2517
91.0
71
2.6
180 1 6.5
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. A study and/or surface water quality monitoring program should be established in Dare County.
b. Lot coverage should be regulated on all land adjacent to surface water bodies.
c. Point source discharges into receiving waters should be opposed.
d. Surface water quality protection is not a high priority in Dare County
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
2. ISSUE: COMPETING RECREATIONAL USES IN PUBLIC WATERS SHOULD BE REGULATED?
Survev Results -
Favorable
Unfavorable
No pion
#
%
#
%
# %
1932
70.2
477
17.3
344 1 12.5
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Competing recreational uses in public waters should be left unregulated.
b. Competing recreational uses in public waters should be regulated by State and Federal agencies.
c. Competing recreational uses in public waters should be regulated by local government, such as Dare
County.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3 Page 266

0
F
3. ISSUE: PROTECTION OF GROUND -WATER SHOULD BE A HIGH PRIORITY?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# 0'/
2627
94.8
44
1.6
103 3.7
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. A study and/or groundwater quality monitoring program should be established in Dare County
b. Protection of groundwater is not be a high priority in Dare County.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
4. ISSUE: REGULATIONS TO PREVENT THE LOSS OF COASTAL WETLANDS SHOULD BE
SUPPORTED?
Survev Results -
Favorable
Unfavorable
No
#
%
#
%
-Opinion
# %
2430
1 87.5
200
7.2
146 1 5.3
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt additional regulations to prevent the loss of coastal wetlands.
b. Current regulations to prevent wetland loss are satisfactory.
c. Regulations to prevent the loss of coastal wetlands should not be supported.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
5. ISSUE: REGULATIONS TO PREVENT THE LOSS OF FRESHWATER WETLANDS SHOULD BE
SUPPORTED?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
I %
#
I %
# %
2412
87.0
207
7.5
153 5.5
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt additional regulations to prevent the loss of freshwater wetlands.
b. Current regulations to prevent wetland loss are satisfactory.
c. Regulations to prevent the loss of freshwater wetlands should not be supported.
d. A definitive set of criteria that can be used to determine what constitutes a freshwater wetland needs
to be developed at the Federal level.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
I Dare CountyLand Use Plan Appendix C-3
P1�
Page 267

6. ISSUE: WETLAND LOSS DUE TO PUBLIC PURPOSE PROJECTS IS ACCEPTABLE IF
REPLACED BY MANMADE WETLANDS?
Survev Results'
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
1022
37.0
1409
50.9
336 12.1
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County supports wetland mitigation in order to accomodate public purpose projects.
b. Dare County does not support wetland mitigation in order to accomodate public purpose projects.
c. Dare County supports wetland mitigation in order to accomodate public purpose projects only when
all other alternatives have clearly been exhausted.
Alternative Selected by, the Planning Board:
7. ISSUE: WETLAND LOSS ASSOCIATED WITH PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT IS ACCEPTABLE IF
REPLACED WITH MANMADE WETLANDS?
Survev Results -
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
#
%
720
26.0
1777
64.3
269
9.7
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County supports wetland mitigation in order to accomodate private development projects.
b. Dare County does not support wetland mitigation in order to accomodate private development projects.
c. Dare County supports wetland mitigation in order to accomodate private development projects only
when all other alternatives have clearly been exhausted. .
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3
Page 268
L
I
7i
L
L
CI
u

8. ISSUE: DARE COUNTY SHOULD MANAGE THE BUXTON WOODS MARITIME FOREST?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
1193
43.4
536 1
19.5
1018 1 37.1
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should continue to manage Buxton Woods using the current standards of the SED-1
zoning ordinance.
b. Dare County should ask the Coastal Resources Commission to declare Buxton Woods an Area of
Environmental Concern.
c. Dare County should repeal the SED-1 zoning ordinance.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
9. ISSUE: MARINA DEVELOPMENT IN OR NEAR SHELLFISH WATERS SHOULD BE
DISCOURAGED?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable .
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
2222
1 80.0
245
8.8
309
11.1
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should continue to rely on the State and Federal regulations for determining the
location and development of marinas.
b. Dare County should adopt a policy opposed to the development and location of marinas in or near
waters currently classified as shellfish available.
c. Dare County should adopt a policy supporting the development and location of marinas in or near
water currently designated as shellfish available.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3
Page 269

Ll
10. ISSUE: MARINA DEVELOPMENT IN OR NEAR WATERS WHICH ARE NOT SHELLFISH
WATERS SHOULD BE DISCOURAGED?
Survey Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No imon
#
%
#
%
# %
895
32.4
1064
38.5
8034 29.1
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should continue to rely on the State and Federal regulations for determining the
location and development of marinas.
b. Dare County should adopt a policy opposed to the development and location of marinas in or near
waters not currently classified as shellfish available.
c. Dare County should adopt a policy supporting the development and location of marinas in or near
waters not currently designated as shellfish available.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
11. ISSUE: UPLAND EXCAVATION FOR MARINA DEVELOPMENT
Staff Note: This issue was not addressed on the survey and involves the concept of excavating land areas adjoining
public trust waters to create a basin for use as a marina. The benefit of such an action is the increased access to the
water by boaters and the reduction in the level of structural interference in the navigable waters. The drawback is
that there may be a loss of wetlands associated with the excavation, increased turbidity at the mouth of the basin,
and a lack of natural flushing of the basin since most upland basins do not have an outflow.
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt a policy advocating upland excavation as the preferred type. of marina
development.
b. Dare County should not adopt a policy advocating upland excavation as the preferred type of marina
development.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
12. ISSUE: FLOATING STRUCTURES AND HOMES
Staff Note: In other parts of the coastal region, the use of a variation in what would appear to be a barge with a
habitable structure affixed to it has become an issue. Although, this has yet to catch on in Dare County, the
CAMA regulations require that we address this issue.
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should continue to rely on the State and Federal regulations for floating structures and homes
b. Dare County should adopt a policy opposed to floating structures and homes
c. Dare County should adopt a policy supporting floating structures and homes.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3 Page 270
1

�J
13. ISSUE: A COMPREHENSIVE STORMWATER (RAM MANAGEMENT AND DRAINAGE PLAN
FOR DARE COUNTY SHOULD BE DEVELOPED?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
#
2003
72.8
330
1 11.9
424
1 15.3
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should develop and implement a comprehensive stormwater management and drainage
plan for unincorporated Dare County.
b. Dare County should continue to rely on the State regulations to address stormwater runoff from
development.
c. Dare County should not develop and implement a comprehensive stormwater management and
drainage plan for unincorporated Dare County.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
14. ISSUE: CULTURAL, HISTORICAL, OR ARCHAEOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT LANDS AND
STRUCTURES.
Staff Note: This issue was not included as a question on the survey. The current LUP was amended to include a
policy on this topic and staff recommends that the same policy be used again.
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
' a. Dare County should continue its current policy. (Policy 2.2.8)
b. Dare County should reconsider its current policy.
' Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
H
15. ISSUE: DEVELOPMENT OF SOUND AND ESTUARINE SYSTEM ISLANDS
Staff Note: There are a number of natural and manmade islands in the estuarine waters that are accessible only by
boat and which are basically undeveloped The CAMA regulations require a policy addressing the development of
these islands.
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should continue its current policy. (Policy 2.1.10)
b. Dare County should reconsider its current policy.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
I Dare CountyLand Use Plan Appendix C-3
PPe
Page 271

16. ISSUE: DAMAGING OF MARSHES BY BULKHEAD INSTALLATION
Staff Note: The installation of bulkheads along the estuarine shoreline often requires a loss of wetlands in the
immediate vicinity of the bulkhead and the bulkheads hinder any flushing of the shoreline behind the bulkhead
line. However, estuarine bulkheads have been a common practice along the sound shore everywhere in the coastal
region. The update process requires that we include a policy statement on this issue.
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County supports the installation of estuarine bulkheads.
b. Dare County opposes the installation of bulkheads.
SECTION III — PART C — PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
1. ISSUE: THE COMPETITION FOR MARINE RESOURCES (FISH) BETWEEN COMMERCIAL AND
RECREATIONAL FISHERMEN SHOULD BE MANAGED AND REGULATED?
Survev ResulLrr
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion .
#
I%
#
%
#
%
1961
1 70.8
510
18.4
299
10.8
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should seek legislative authority from the North Carolina General Assembly to
establish regulations to address the competition for marine resources between commercial and
recreational fishermen.
b. Dare County should continue to rely on State and Federal agencies to address the competition for
marine resources between commercial and recreational fishermen.
c. Competition for marine resources between commercial and recreational fishermen should not be
regulated at the local level.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3
Page 272
L�

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2. ISSUE: RECREATIONAL OFF -ROAD VEHICLE USE SHOULD BE REGULATED DURING THE
SUMMER SEASON ONLY?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No inion
#
%
#
I %
# %
1
1319
47.8
1238
44.9
201 7.3
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Recreational off -road vehicle use should be regulated during the summer season only. .
b. Recreational off -road vehicle use should be regulated on a year-round basis.
c. Recreational. off -road vehicle use should not be regulated at all.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
SECTION IV — ECONOMIC AND COUNTY DEVELOPMENT
1. ALL UNZONED PORTIONS OF DARE COUNTY SHOULD BE ZONED?
Survev Remits -
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opimon
1806
1 65.9
496
1 18.1
440
1 16.0
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. The County should continue its efforts to zone the remaining unzoned portions of unincorporated
Dare County.
b. The County should continue its efforts to zone the remaining unzoned portions of unincorporated
Dare County only if there is support for zoning in the specific community under consideration.
c. The County should discontinue its efforts to zone the remaining unzoned portions of
unincorporated Dare County.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3
Page -273

2. ISSUE: THE DARE COUNTY AIRPORT ON ROANOKE ISLAND SHOULD BE EXPANDED TO
ACCOMODATE MORE COMMERCIAL PASSENGER AIR SERVICES?
Snmev Resnitc-
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
# I
%
#
%
# %
1120
1 40.6
1060
38.4
580 21.0
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt a policy supporting the expansion of the regional airport on Roanoke
Island to accomodate more commercial passenger air services.
b. Dare County should adopt a policy opposing the expansion of the regional airport on Roanoke
Island to accomodate more commercial passenger air services.
c. Dare County should adopt a policy supporting the study of an alternative site for a regional airport.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
3. ISSUE: LOW-LEVEL MILITARY TRAINING FLIGHTS DO NOT CONSTITUTE A PROBLEM IN
THIS AREA?
Survey Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opiinion
#
%
#
%
#
1458
52.9
747
27.1
550 20.0
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should not become involved in the issue of military airspace.
b. Dare County should advocate greater control over low-level military training flights.
c. Dare County should seek the discontinuation of low-level military training in the County.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3 Page 274

Fi
r-�
�1
4. ISSUE: PUBLIC SERVICES (WATER, SEWER) AND INFRASTRUCTURE (STREETS)
IMPROVEMENTS SHOULD BE USED AS INCENTIVES TO INCREASE ECONOMIC
RESULTS:
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No nnion
#
%
#
%
#
%
1201
43.8 1
1073
1 39.1
467
17.0
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt a policy supporting the use of public services and infrastructure
improvements to increase economic development.
b. Dare County should adopt a policy opposing the use of public services and infrastructure
improvements to increase economic development.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
5. ISSUE: DARE COUNTY SHOULD EXPAND ITS VOLUNTARY RECYCLING EFFORTS TO
INCLUDE CURBSIDE PICKUP and DARE COUNTY SHOULD ESTABLISH A
MANDATORY CURBSIDE RECYCLING PROGRAM?
Survev Results for voluntary curbside recycline:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No inion
#
I %
#
%
# %
1935
1 70.2
434
15.7
386 14.0
Survev Results for mandatory curbside reevcline
Favorable
Unfavorable
No inion
#
%
#
1
%
# %
1466
53.2
841
30.6
4471 16.2
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt a policy supporting a voluntary recycling curbside pick-up.
b. Dare County should adopt a policy supporting a mandatory recycling curbside pick-up.
c. Dare County should adopt a policy encouraging recycling but not at the curbside.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3
Page 275

6. ISSUE: SINGLE FAMILY STRUCTURES SHOULD BE THE MOST PREVALENT TYPE OF LAND
USE IN DARE COUNTY?
Survev Results -
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
#
%
2358
85.3
169
6.1
236
8.5
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should encourage the development of single family homes as the prevalent type of land
use.
b. Dare County should oppose the development of single family homes as the prevalent type of land
use
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
7. ISSUE: ONLY LOW DENSITY MULTI -FAMILY HOUSING SHOULD BE ALLOWED IN DARE
COUNTY?
Survev Results -
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Oninion
#
%
#
%
# %
1
1485
1 54.4
903
1 33.0
343 12.6
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt a policy advocating multi -family dwellings only at low densities. (3-5
units per acre)
b. Dare County should adopt a policy advocating multi -family dwellings only at medium densities.
(6-10 units per acre)
c. Dare County should adopt a policy advocating multi -family dwellings only at high densities.
(greater than 10 units per acre)
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3 Page 276

F
1
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8. ISSUE: THE COUNTY SHOULD CONTINUE TO ALLOW SUBDIVISIONS TO BE RECORDED IF
THEY INCLUDE PRIVATELY OWNED AND PRIVATELY MAINTAINED STREETS?
Survev Rmilts-
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
1476
53.8
567
1 20.7
699 25.5
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should continue to allow the recordation of private streets .
b. Dare County should not continue to allow private streets to be recorded
c. Dare County should allow private streets to be recorded only in environmentally sensitive areas.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
9. ISSUE: THE COUNTY SHOULD PROVIDE ZONING INCENTIVES TO ENCOURAGE PRIVATE
CONTRACTORS TO BUILD AFFORDABLE HOUSING?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
I %
# %
1065
1 38.8
1061
1 38.7
614 1 22.4
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should advocate the use of zoning incentives to encourage private contractors to build
affordable housing.
b. Dare County should not advocate the use of zoning incentives to encourage private contractors to
build affordable housing.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
10. ISSUE: SINGLE FAMILY HOMES THAT ARE RENTED ON A SHORT TERM BASIS SHOULD BE
CONSIDERED A COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY AND REGULATED AS A BUSINESS?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No
inion
#
%
#
I %
#
817
29.6
1667
1 60.4
2741
9.9
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt a policy supporting the regulation of rental homes as commercial uses.
b. Dare County should not adopt a policy supporting the regulation of rental homes as commercial
uses.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3
Page 277
1

11. ISSUE: COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT ALONG MAJOR TRANSPORTATION ROUTES
SHOULD BE REGULATED TO PREVENT STRIP DEVELOPMENT.
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No inion
#
%
#
%
#
%
2252
81.7
289
10.5
212
7.7
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt a policy discouraging the strip development of commercial structures.
b. Dare County should allow market forces to create commercial strips free of regulatory interference.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
12. ISSUE: INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT SHOULD BE REGULATED BY ZONING AND LAND USE
CONTROLS?
Snrvev Result. -
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
#
%
2551
92.5
106
1 3.9
101
3.7
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should advocate zoning and other land use controls as means to regulate industrial
development
b. Industrial development should not be regulated by zoning and land use controls.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
13. ISSUE: LAND -BASED ACTIVITIES THAT SUPPORT OFF -SHORE OIL AND GAS
EXPLORATION SHOULD BE PROHIBITED IN DARE COUNTY?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opi 'on
#
%
#
%
# %
1892
68.6
590
21.4
277 10.0
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should continue its current policy opposed to land -based activities that support off-
shore oil and gas exploration.
b. Dare County should re -consider its current policy on off -shore oil and gas exploration.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3 Page 278

1
14. ISSUE: DARE COUNTY SHOULD SUPPORT TOURISM?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No inion
#
%
#
%
# %
2026
73.5
527
19.1
2064 7.5
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt policies supporting the County's involvement in the promotion of tourism.
b. Dare County should adopt policies opposing the County's involvement in the promotion of tourism.
IAlternative Selected by the Planning Board:
H
15. ISSUE: DARE COUNTY SHOULD SUPPORT PROMOTIONS TO EXTEND THE TOURIST
SEASON?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No inion
#
%
#
%
#
%
1774
64.2.
712 1
25.7
2761
10.0
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should advocate promotions to extend the tourist season.
b. Dare County should oppose promotions to extend the tourist season.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
16. ISSUE: ECO-TOURISM
Staff note: The topic of eco-tourism is a recently evolving issue that was not addressed in the questionnaire. A
series of proposals originated during the past session of the North Carolina General Assembly to promote the
ecology of the undeveloped counties adjoining Dare County as a means of economic development. Staff feels the
Mainland portions of Dare County are quite similar to the areas proposed for this eco-tourism development. We
have the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, the red wolf program, and an abundance of wildlife.
Alternatives for Consideration
a. The Board should adopt a policy advocating eco-tourism on the Mainland.
b. The issue of eco-tourism should not be addressed.
I Dare CountyLand Use Plan Appendix C-3
Ppe
Page 279

17. ISSUE: ADDITIONAL RULES AND REGULATORY PROGRAMS FOR ANIMAL CONTROL ARE
NEEDED?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No inion
#
%
#
%
# %
1499
54.3
485
17.6
779 28.2
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt a policy stating that current animal control programs and services are
satisfactorv.
b. Dare County should adopt a policy stating that current animal control programs and services are
unsatisfactory and should be expanded
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
18. ISSUE: EXISTING AND POTENTIAL MINERAL PRODUCTION AREAS
Staff note: This issue was not included in the survey. In the past, the issue of peat mining has dominated
discussion. Recently, much of the area that was under consideration for peat mining has been obtained by the
Federal government and is included in the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge. Now, the new mineral
production issue seems to be sand mining. The State regulates mining activities that exceed 1 acre. Mining
activities less than 1 acre are currently unregulated in Dare County except in the areas zoned SED-1. The Board
will want to use the LUP update to determine whether or not the unregulated mining should be subject to local
regulations.
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Continue the current reliance on State regulations.
b. Continue the current reliance on State regulations and establish local regulations for those mining activities
not subject to State authorization.
c. Establish local regulations for any mining activity.
19. ISSUE: AQUACULTURE
Staff note: Advocates of aquaculture have sought to have a policy addressing aquaculture included in the update.
The CAMA regulations require a policy on fisheries but this issue falls into a category that might best be described
as "fish farming The advocates of aquaculture see aquaculture as one way of using wetlands that would otherwise
be unproductive to the property owner.
Alternatives for Consideration
a. The Board should adopt a policy supporting the development of the aquaculture industry in Dare
County.
b. The Board should adopt a policy supporting the use of wetlands for the development of
aquaculture in Dare County.
c. The Board should not address the issue of aquaculture with a policy statement.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3 Page 280

1
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SECTION V: VILLAGE ISSUES
COLINGTON
1. ISSUE: THE COUNTY SHOULD TAKE OVER THE WATER SUPPLY FOR COLINGTON?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
319
64A
86
1 17.2
93 18.7
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. The County should adopt a policy advocating the separation of the Colington service area from the
Town of Kill Devil Hills so as to remove the surcharge for out of town users currently charged by
the Town.
b. Dare County need not act to revise the current relationship between the Town of Kill Devil Hills and
Colington as it pertains to the central water supply.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:'
2. ISSUE: A ZONING MAP FOR COLINGTON SHOULD BE DEVELOPED?,
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
353
72.1
73
1 14.9
64 13.1
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. An use -specific zoning map for Colington should be developed only if the community supports the
concept.
b. Dare County should adopt an use -specific zoning map for Colington
c. Dare County should not adopt an use -specific zoning map for Colington.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3
Page 281

3. ISSUE: THE COUNTY SHOULD SUPPORT ANNEXATION OF COLINGTON BY KILL DEVIL
HILLS?
Cnrvev Resnity
Favorable .
Unfavorable
No inion
98
1 19.9
299
1 60.6
961 19.5
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt a policy supporting the annexation of Colington by the Town of Kill
Devil Hills.
b. Dare County should adopt a policy opposing the annexation of Colington by the Town of Kill Devil
Hills..
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
4. ISSUE: EXISTING OPPORTUNITIES FOR PUBLIC WATER ACCESS IN COLINGTON ARE
ADEQUATE?
Survev Results -
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
238
1 48.7
122
25.0
129 26.4
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. The County should advocate that more public access to the water in Colington be provided.
b. Existing public access to the water in Colington is adequate.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3 Page 282

DUCK
1. ISSUE: THE COUNTY SHOULD EXPAND THE AMOUNT OF LAND THAT IS ZONED
COMMERCIAL IN DUCK?
Survey Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No inion
#
%o
#
%
# %
1
54
1 8.6
551
87.5
25 4.0
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should initiate efforts to amend the zoning map for Duck to increase the amount of
land zoned -for commercial uses.
b. Dare County should initiate efforts to amend the zoning map for Duck to decrease the amount of
land zoned for commercial uses.
c. The amount of land in Duck zoned for commercial uses is adequate -to meet the needs of the village -
- no change is necessary.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
2. ISSUE: A DISTRICT ESTABLISHING ARCHITECTURAL STANDARDS AND UNIFORM SIGN
CONTROL SHOULD BE ESTABLISHED ALONG NC 12 IN DUCK?
Survey Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No mion
#
%
#
%
#
520
83.3
64
10.3
40
6.4
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt an overlay district establishing architectural standards and uniform sign
control for Duck village.
b. Architectural standards and uniform sign control measures do not need to be established.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3
Page 283

3. ISSUE: THE COUNTY SHOULD SUPPORT THE CONSTRUCTION OF A MID-CURRITUCK
BRIDGE AS A PRIORITY TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT?
Cnmr-r Recnity
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
475
75.8
113
18.0
38 6.1
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt a policy supporting the construction of a mid-Currituck bridge and
encouraging NCDOT officials to make the improvement a priority project.
b. Dare County should a adopt a policy supporting the construction of a mid- Currituck bridge but not
get involved with the efforts to lobby NCDOT officials to make the improvement a priority project.'
c. Dare County should not support the construction of a mid-Currituck bridge.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
4. ISSUE: EXISTING OPPORTUNITIES FOR PUBLIC WATER ACCESS IN DUCK ARE ADEQUATE?
Survey Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
#• I %
353
56.7
141
22.7
129 1 20.7
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. The County should advocate that more public access to the water in Duck be provided.
b. Existing public access to the water in Duck is adequate.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
HATTERAS ISLAND
1. ISSUE: A DISTRICT ESTABLISHING ARCHITECTURAL STANDARDS AND UNIFORM SIGN
CONTROL SHOULD BE ESTABLISHED ALONG NC-12 ON HATTERAS ISLAND?
Survev Results:
Favorable
J Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
941
75.4
204
16.4
102 8.2
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt an overlay district establishing architectural standards and uniform sign
control measures for Hatteras Island.
b. Architectural standards and uniform sign control measures do not need to be established for Hatteras Island
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3 Page 284

2. ISSUE:, A ZONING MAP FOR EACH OF THE HATTERAS ISLAND VILLAGES SHOULD BE -
DEVELOPED?
Survev Results -
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
#
993
79.6
121
1 9.7
134 j7f0.7j
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Use -specific zoning maps for each of the Hatteras Island villages should be developed only if the
communities support the concept.
b. Dare County should adopt use -specific zoning maps for.each of the villages on Hatteras Island
c. Dare County should not adopt use -specific zoning maps for each of the villages on Hatteras Island.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
3. ISSUE: THE CONSTRUCTION OF A DESALINATION PLANT.TO CHANGE SALT WATER INTO
DRINKING WATER FOR THE RODANTHE, WAVES, SALVO AREAS SHOULD BE A
PRIORITY CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No inion
#
%
#
%
# %
706 56.8 224 18.1 312 25.1 ._ ,..
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt a policy supporting the construction of a RO plant for the Rodanthe,
Waves, Salvo area as a priority capital improvement.
b. The water supply in Rodanthe, Waves, and Salvo with private wells in adequate.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3
Page 285

1
4. ISSUE: THE RELOCATION OF THE CAPE HATTERAS LIGHTHOUSE AS PROPOSED BY THE
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE IS THE PREFERABLE ALTERNATIVE FOR PROTECTION
OF THE STRUCTURE?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
1 %
# %
506
40.7
457
1 36.8
282 22.7
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt a policy supporting the relocation of the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse as the
preferable alternative for protection as proposed by the Park Service.
b. Dare County should adopt a policy opposing the relocation of the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse as the
preferable alternative for protection as proposed by the Park Service..
c. Dare County advocates beach nourishment as the shoreline management alternative for protecting
the Lighthouse.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
5. ISSUE: EXISTING REGULATIONS AND ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES REGARDING
UNSIGHTLY STRUCTURES AND/OR CONDITIONS ARE ADEQUATE?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No inion
#
%
#
0
#
264
21.3
695
56.1
280 22.6
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should strengthen its existing regulations and increase its enforcement activities in an
effort to clean up unsightly structures and/or conditions on Hatteras Island.
b. The existing Dare County Nuisance Ordinance and its enforcement is adequate.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3 Page 286

I
6. ISSUE: THE COUNTY SHOULD TAKE OVER THE CENTRAL WATER SUPPLY FOR HATTERAS
ISLAND?
Survev Results -
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
0
#
%
483
38.8
487
39.2
273
22.0
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt a policy advocating public ownership and management of any utility
delivering potable water on Hatteras Island.
b. The existing privately owned water system should not be subject to local government interference.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
7. ISSUE: THE COUNTY SHOULD BECOME INVOLVED IN EFFORTS TO INSURE A MORE
RELIABLE ELECTRICAL SERVICE ON HATTERAS ISLAND
Survev Results:
'
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
I %
#
%
# %
814
1 65.2
275
1 22.1
160 12.8
' Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should not become involved in efforts to insure a more reliable electrical service on
Hatteras Island.
b. Dare County should become involved in efforts to insure a more reliable electrical service on
' Hatteras Island.
Alternative Selected by the.Planning Board:
' 8. ISSUE: EXISTING OPPORTUNITIES FOR PUBLIC WATER ACCESS ON HATTERAS ISLAND
ARE ADEQUATE?
R
Survev Results -
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
564
45.5
456 1
36.8
221 17.8
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. The County should advocate that more public access to the water on Hatteras Island be provided.
b. Existing public access to the water on Hatteras Island is adequate.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3
Page 287

MAINLAND DARE COUNTY
1. ISSUE: A ZONING MAP FOR EACH OF THE VILLAGES ON THE MAINLAND SHOULD BE
DEVELOPED?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No inion
#
%
#
%
# %
68
47.3
47
32.6
291 20.1
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Use -specific zoning maps for each of the Mainland villages should be adopted only if the
communities support the concept.
b. Dare County should adopt use -specific zoning maps for each of the villages on the Mainland.
c. Dare County should not adopt use -specific zoning maps for each of the villages on the Mainland.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
2. ISSUE: THE COUNTY SHOULD PURSUE THE WIDENING OF US-64 AS A PRIORITY
TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT?
Survey Reculty
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
#
%
100 1
49.6
33 1
22.3
15
10.1
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. The County should adopt a policy supporting the widening of US-64 as a priority transportation
improvement.
b. The County should adopt a policy opposing the widening of US-64 as a priority transportation
improvement.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3 Page 288

L
1
3. ISSUE: THE US FISH &WILDLIFE SERVICE'S RED WOLF PROGRAM SHOULD BE
SUPPORTED?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
#
61
42.7
51
35.7
31 21.7
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt a policy supporting the continuation of the USFWLS red wolf program.
b. Dare County should adopt a policy supporting the discontinuation of the USFWLS red wolf
program.
c. This is not a policy issue.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
4. ISSUE: THE COUNTY SHOULD EXPLORE ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT IN STUMPY POINT?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
84
57.5
12
8.2
50 34.2
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. The County should adopt a policy advocating the study of alternative methods of wastewater
treatment for Stumpy Point including costs of the alternatives.
b. Alternative methods of wastewater treatment for Stumpy Point should not be studied
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
5. EXISTING OPPORTUNITIES FOR PUBLIC WATER ACCESS ON THE MAINLAND ARE
ADEQUATE?
Survev Results -
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
I %
#
%
# %
62
1 42.2
45
30.6
40 27.2
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. The County should advocate that more public access to the water on the Mainland be provided.
' b. Existing public access to the water on the Mainland is adequate.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3 Page 289

6. ISSUE: THE COUNTY SHOULD BECOME INVOLVED IN EFFORTS TO INSURE A MORE
RELIABLE ELECTRICAL SERVICE ON THE MAINLAND?
Snrvev Recultc-
Favorable
Unfavorable
No inion
#
%
#
%
#
%
92
62.6
27
BA
28
19.0
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should not become involved in efforts to insure a more reliable electrical service on the
Mainland.
b. Dare County should become involved in efforts to insure a more reliable electrical service on the
Mainland.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
ROANOKE ISLAND
1. ISSUE: THE AMOUNT OF LAND ZONED COMMERCIAL ON ROANOKE ISLAND SHOULD BE
INCREASED?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No
imon
#
%
#
%
#
%
49
10.8
322
00.9
82
18.1
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should initiate efforts to amend the zoning map for Roanoke Island to increase the
amount of land zoned for commercial uses.
b. Dare County should initiate efforts to amend the zoning map for Roanoke Island to decrease the
amount of land zoned for commercial uses.
c. The amount of land on Roanoke Island zoned for commercial uses is adequate. -- No change is
necessary
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3 Page 290

1
2. ISSUEr A ZONING MAP FOR WANCHESE SHOULD BE DEVELOPED?
Survev Results
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
236
1 52.1
129
28.5
88 19.4
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. An use -specific zoning map for Wanchese should be developed only if the community supports the
concept.
b. Dare County should adopt an use -specific zoning map for Wanchese.
c. Dare County should not adopt an use -specific zoning map for Wanchese.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
3. ISSUE: THE COUNTY SHOULD SUPPORT ANNEXATION OF PARTS OF ROANOKE ISLAND BY
MANTEO?
Survey Results -
Favorable
Unfavorable
No nnion
#
%
#
%
# %
85
18.8
280 1
62.1
84 18.6
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt a policy supporting the annexation of parts of Roanoke Island by the
Town of Manteo.
b. Dare County should adopt a policy stating that annexation requests be reviewed.on a case by case
basis.
c. Dare County should adopt a policy opposing the annexation of parts of Roanoke Island by the Town
of Manteo.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3
Page 291

4. ISSUE: A DISTRICT REGULATING ARCHITECTURAL STANDARDS AND UNIFORM SIGN
CONTROL SHOULD BE ESTABLISHED ALONG US-64/264 THROUGHOUT ROANOKE
ISLAND?
Snrvev Recnitc-
Favorable
Unfavorable
No inion
299
66.3
103
22.8
48 10.6
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. Dare County should adopt an overlay district establishing architectural standards and uniform sign
control along US 64/264 throughout Roanoke Island.
b. Architectural standards and uniform sign control measures do not need to be established.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
5. ISSUE: THE COUNTY SHOULD SUPPORT THE WIDENING OF US 64/264 AS A PRIORITY
TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT?
Survev Results -
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
246
54.4
169
37.3
36 8.0
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. The County should adopt a policy supporting the widening of US-64/264 as a priority transportation
improvement.
b. The. County should adopt a policy supporting the construction of a bridge connecting the Mainland
to Midway intersection on Roanoke Island.
c. The County should adopt a policy opposing the widening of US-64/264 as a priority transportation
improvement.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3 Page 292

6. ISSUE: THE COUNTY SHOULD ENCOURAGE THE TOWN OF MANTEO TO DEVELOP A PLAN
TO EXTEND THEIR SEWER LINES?
Survev Results:
Favorable
Unfavorable
No Opinion
#
%
#
%
# %
176
39.0
153
34.3
119 26.7
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
a. The County should work with Town of Manteo to develop a coordinated line extension plan.
b. The County should not be concerned with the Town of Manteo's plans for their excess wastewater
treatment capacity at the new plant.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
7. ISSUE: EXISTING OPPORTUNITIES FOR PUBLIC WATER ACCESS ON ROANOKE ISLAND
' ARE ADEQUATE?
Survev Results-
'
Favorable
Unfavorable
No inion
#
%
#
%
#
%
172
38.2
174
38.6
105
23.3
I
Workshop Comments:
Alternatives for Consideration
' a. The County should advocate that more public access to the water on Roanoke Island be provided.
b. Existing public access to the water on Roanoke Island is adequate.
Alternative Selected by the Planning Board:
I
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-3
Page 293

Apperid.3.x C-4
DARE COUNTY LAND USE PLAN
Results of a Public Workshop
to Consider the Draft Policies
Dare County
Planning Board
Technical Assistance:
Dare County Planning Department and
Glenn Harbeck Associates, Wilmington, NC
October 25, 1993
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-4 Page 294

M M M M i M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
DARE COUNTY LAND USE PLAN
Results of a Public Workshop to Consider the Draft
Policies
The following sheets are reduced versions of the "walk around
questionnaire" conducted at the North Carolina Aquarium on October 25,
1993. Participants were asked to record their level of agreement or
disagreement with each draft policy statement by marking the survey sheet
in the appropriate box. The actual number of votes tallied by level of
agreement have been typed onto the form along with any comments noted
by the public. The last two sheets contain policies that were written in by
the public, along with votes received, and comments made.
Glenn Harbeck, AICP
Glenn Harbeck Associates
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-4 Page 295

M
Use and Production (Sheet A) Your Opinion Please...
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly Comments, Questions, & Suggestions
Agree Disagree
NATURAL LIMITATIONS ON DEVELOPMENT
Policy 2.1.1 (a): Dare County supports the administration of Title 10,
34
11
3
Moot question without Policy 2.1.1 spelled
Chapter 10, Subchapter 10-A, Section .1900 of the laws and rules for
out. Need monitoring program for septic
sanitary sewage collection, treatment, and disposal. In doing so, it is the
systems, especially older ones, and in areas
County's intent to protect existing groundwater resources, the natural
damaged by storms.
conditions of the estuarine waters, and the public health, safety, and
general welfare.
Policy 2.1.1 (b) Dare County supports, as minimum standards, the
28
7
7
5
Setback should be realistic
administration and enforcement of all applicable floodplain management
regulations, and the National Flood Insurance Program.
Policy 2.1.1 (c) Dare County has no policy on sea level rise and feels that
12
9
8
11
Ignorance is bliss
data about this phenomenon is inconclusive. Until such time as conclusive
Study further
data determines the rate and credibility of the sea level rise theory, Dare
Ditto
County will rely on AEC standards for development limitations.
Ditto
REGULATORY LIMITATIONS ON DEVELOPMENT
Policy 2.1.2 (a) Dare County advocates the use of existing State and,
22
8
5
5
As long as they remain unchanged or are
Federal regulatory programs as adequate measures for protecting and
upgraded to protect wetlands more - no
preserving coastal wetland areas of environmental concern.
wetlands mitigation is Dare County;
Upgrade; Study more carefully.
Policy 2.1.2 (b) Estuarine shoreline development should continue to be
37
2
1
2
By the County Commissioners
managed to protect and preserve. the natural resources of the estuarine
waters. In addition, development located in estuarine waters shall be
water -dependent, related to development on the estuarine shoreline, or an
accessory use to a structure located on the estuarine shoreline.
Policy 2.1.2 (c) Dare County advocates a management program at the State
28
5
2
7
Need more info to decide
or Federal level to address the competition among recreational users of
public trust waters.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-4 Page 296

Use and Production (Sheet B)
Your Opinion Please...
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly Comments, Questions, & Suggestions
A
REGULATORY LIMITATIONS ON DEVELOPMENT cont
Policy 2.1.2 (d) (1) Estuarine shoreline development should continue to be
managed to protect and preserve the natural resources along the estuarine
36
1
0
5
Upgrade
shoreline.
Policy 2.1.2 (d) (2) Dare County supports the installation of estuarine
bulkheads properly aligned and permitted by the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers and the Division of Coastal Management.
18
5
3
23
Oregon Inlet?
Breakwaters instead
Policy 2.1.2 (e) Oceanfront shoreline development should continue to be
managed to protect and preserve the natural resources along the oceanfront.
36
10
1
2
Is there existing management?
Who manages the management?
Policy 2.1.2 (f) Development in any public water supply AEC should be
managed to protect the long-term viability of the groundwater resources.
45
7
3
1
Private wells? Will they be grandfathered?
Add all public water supply wellfields.
Need protection all ublic supply.
Policy 2.1.2 (g) Dare County advocates the management of fragile coastal,
natural, and cultural resource areas as defined in 15NCAC7H, Section
.500. When such areas are of local significance, Dare County supports the
use of local zoning ordinances as the appropriate management tool.
43
5
2
1
If "management" means "non -development
of'.
Policy 2.1.2 (h-1) Dare County supports the Coastal Resources
Commission's policy to mitigate losses of coastal resources for those
projects shown to be in the public interest. As defined by the standards in
15NCAC7M.0700 Et. Seq. and only after all other means of avoiding or
minimizing such losses have been exhausted.
21
12
2
1
What? Joke! Doesn't make sense! When?
OK but oppose such mitigation for private
development; Policy should discourage
mitigation for private...(?)
Policy 2.1.2 (h-2) Dare County supports the U. S. Army Corps of
Engineers nationwide permit program.
7
4
24
13
Meaning not clear. Water?
Policy 2.1.2 (i) Dare County advocates a combination of limited
development guided by the local SED-1 zoning ordinance and a program of
public acquisition to manage the Buxton Woods maritime forest
13
18
t
6
4
Don't "advocate" development only agree to
manage.
Ditto
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-4 Page 297

Use and Production (Sheet Q
Your Opinion Please...
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly Comments, Questions, & Suggestions
Agree Disagree
OTHER LIMITATIONS ON DEVELOPMENT
Policy 2.1.3 (a) The Dare County Board of Commissioners supports the
33
7
1
0
Should go further to protect sites awaiting for
protection of structures, lands, and artifacts that have been identified by the
examination.
N.C. Department of Cultural resources, Division of Archives and History,
as archeologically or historically significant. Can a case by case basis,
individual protection/management strategies should be implemented to
insure archaeological and/or historical resources are not destroyed.
Policy 2.1.3 (b) The development of Dare County's airports and
56
8
0
0
Do not exceed. No! Sell airport, relocate in
surrounding areas shall be carefully reviewed to minimize potential land
Currituck! If it doesn't why are we (the
use conflicts and hazardous conditions. Dare County does not support the
County Board) pushing it so hard? *Too
expansion of the Dare County Regional Airport at its current location.
much noise if 5000' jet strip is in place. Do
not fill in the sound.
PROTECTION OF DRINKING WATER
Policy 2.1.4 Dare County recognizes groundwater resources as an essential
44
10
1
0
Cannot have priority without completion of
element for drinking water supply. The management of groundwater
hydrological survey.
resources and their protection is a priority issue in Dare County.
Need hydrological study of groundwater to
determine availability for drinking water
source.
PROTECTION OF SURFACE WATERS
Policy 2.1.5(a) Stormwater runoff should be managed to the greatest
40
9
5
3
degree possible to protect the quality of water in al water bodies
surrounding Dare County.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C 4 Page 298

Use and Production (Sheet D)
Your Opinion Please...
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly
Aorrr rli—a —
Comments, Questions, & Suggestions
PROTECTION OF SURFACE WATERS cont
Policy 2.1.5(b) Dare County supports the development of marinas to
provide for boating access to the area's water bodies. Marina development
is encouraged in upland basins and should comply with all State and
Federal regulations concerning location and design.
6
18
8
17
No marinas in shellfish waters!
Ditto
Need marinas and boating access.
DEVELOP. OF SOUND/ESTUARINE SYSTEM ISLANDS
Policy 2.1.6 Development of sound and estuarine system islands shall be
carefully managed. Low intensity uses such as open space, recreation, and
low density residential development shall be the preferred uses of these
islands.
35
14
2
7
Development of islands should be
discouraged.
PROTECTION OF EXISTING TREES AND VEGETATION
Policy 2.1.7 The County advocates a program of public information on best
management practices for tree removal and land clearing on private
property.
34
13
8
4
How about putting some trees back! .
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C 4 Page 299

Production and Management
Your Opinion Please...
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly Comments, Questions, & Suggestions
Agree Disagree
PRODUCTIVE AGRICULTURAL LANDS
Policy 2.2.1 Dare. County supports the use of certain portions of the
24
26
4
0
Mainland area of the County for agriculture. The County advocates
voluntary participation in the State of North Carolina's best management
practice for farm management.
COMMERCIAL FORESTRY
Policy 2.2.2 Commercial forestry activities shall be supported by Dare
17
21
4
7
Permitted/not supported
County, so long as such activities are done in accordance with the standards
No more junipers should be cut (white cedar)
and recommendations of the U.S. Forest Service. The County also
advocates the voluntary participation in the State of North Carolina's best
management practice program for forestry management.
MINERAL PRODUCTION
Policy 2.2.3 Mineral Production Policy to be developed)
FISHERIES RESOURCES
Policy 2.2.4 (a) State and Federal agencies with the authority to manage
30
16
0
4
Local input very much needed
fisheries resources should be the responsible parties for the resolution of
conflicts involving fisheries resources in Dare County.
Policy 2.2.4 (b) Dare County supports the development of the aquaculture
26
16
2
4
Needs study first
industry as an alternative source of fishery production.
Ditto
Ditto
Is this real
SHORELINE RESOURCES
Policy 2.2.5 (a) Efforts to properly balance and control the use of off -road
31
13 -
0
3
Control and fees by County not each Town
vehicles along the Countys beaches, dune areas, and estuarine shorelines
To what Degree?
shall continue to receive support from County government.
Locals Preference
WILDLIFE RESOURCES
Policy 2.2.6 Dare County supports the maintenance of several preserve
35
15
0
4
areas.for wildlife habitat and access by the public to these areas for
managed wildlife harvesting and observation.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-4 Page 300

Econ. & Community Development (Sheet A)
Strongly Agree
A
Your Opinion Please...
Disagree Strongly Comments, Questions, & Suggestions
PROVISION OF SERVICES
Policy 2.3.1 (a) Dare County recognizes groundwater resources as an
essential element for drinking water supply. The management of
30
20
0
2
Need hydrological survey first
groundwater resources and their protection is a priority issue in Dare
County.
Policy 2.3.1(b) (1) Dare County advocates the use of traditional on -site
septic tank/drainfield systems as the primary method of wastewater
treatment.
17
20
5
4
Too limited/ address policy to on -site
wastewater treatment without saying how.
Site by site review
Need to look into other methods.
Policy 2.3.1 (b) (2) Dare County will authorize the use of package
treatment plants as an alternative to septic tanks only when soil conditions
11
19
8
8
Only if density is not increased.
preclude the use of septic tanks and/or if a reduction in the risk of
environmental damage is achieved.
Policy 2.3.1 (b) (3) The current minimum lot size standards shall not be
reduced regardless of the availability of central wastewater treatment or the
35
14
0
1
availability of a combination of central wastewater treatment and central
water supply.
Policy 2.3.1 (c) Dare County supports efforts to upgrade electrical service
to those portions of unincorporated Dare County served by electric
31
16
1
1
membership cooperatives to increase the reliability and quality of the
power supply.
Policy 2.3.1 (d) (1) Dare County advocates a dual system of a local solid
waste management site and participation in a regional solid waste
7
26
3
3
management authority.
Policy 2.3.1 (d) (2) Dare County will consider a mandatory recycling
program to include roadside pick-up. I
30
13
2
8
Policy is too limited/may be more practical at
landfill site.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C4 Page 301
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M

Econ. & Community Development (Sheet B) Your Opinion Please...
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly Comments, Questions, & Suggestions
Agree Disagree
URBAN GROWTH PATTERNS
Policy 2.3.2 (a) Dare County shall strive to maintain its coastal village
39
7
2
2
TOO LATE
atmosphere by using land use planing techniques to guide private sector .
market forces in the direction of minimal commercialization with single
family homes as the preferred type of development
Policy 2.3.2 (b) Public services shall be provided to meet the needs of, but
44
5
0
0
not to serve as an incentive to, growth and development.
Policy 2.3.2 (c) Dare County does not advocate unlimited public
13
30
7
1
acquisition of privately -owned lands but reserves the right to review and
support or oppose each acquisition proposal on a case by case basis.
RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
Policy 2.3.3 (a) Single-family housing shall be encouraged as the preferred
39
14 .
3
2
land use in unincorporated Dare County. Multi -family housing should be
considered only when the development density is less than 6 units per acre.
Policy 2.3.3 (b) Dare County shall not be responsible for the cost of
37
16
4
0
maintaining or repairs to rivatel-o,%med streets.
AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Policy 2.3.4 Dare County does not advocate the use of zoning incentives,
28
12
5
0
such as density increases, permit fee waivers and review fast -tracking, as a
means of stimulating affordable housing construction. Private sector
initiatives for affordable housing will be reviewed on a case by case basis.
COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Policy 2.3.5 Dare County will address opportunities for commercial
6
21
7
0
Very badly worded!
development by adopting zoning maps for unzoned portions of
What?
unincorporated Dare County and allow free market forces to meet the
Useless
demand for goods and services in those areas zoned for commercial land
More positive approach needed.
use.. .
REDEVELOPMENT
Policy 2.3.6 Redeveloped areas and structures shall conform to current,
15
23
2
3
Historic=not more restrictive
more restrictive development standards.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-4 Page 302

Econ. & Community Development (Sheet C) -Your Opinion Please...
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly Comments, Questions, & Suggestions
Ar.r T:.....r_..
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
Policy 2.3.7 industrial development which has excessive noise, odor, or
37
8
1
1
Especially the airport.
other harmful pollution, shall be discouraged from locating in Dare County,
Develop the Mainland — they need it.
unless such adverse impacts can be clearly overcome through effective
mitigation. Industrial sites shall be located on land which is
environmentally suitable and has unique locative advantages for industry.
ENERGY FACILITIES
Policy 2.3.8 Dare County is opposed to the development of any petro-
39
11
3
5
No offshore oil development!
chemical energy facility or related improvements within its jurisdictional
lands and/or waters. This includes all structures, operations, exploration
activities, staging areas, transmission and/or production pipelines, pipeline
storage yards, and other similar structures, activities, and improvements
related to petro-chemical energy facility development, exploration or
production. Dare County supports research and development of non -fossil
fuel alternatives for energy production.
TOURISM
Policy 2.3.9 (a) Dare County supports the promotion of the Outer Banks as
9
22
12
9
Strongly disagree with words Summer
a tourist destination and the development of season -extending promotions
promotion.
during the non -peak periods of the calendar year. .
Policy 2.3.9 (b) Dare County supports the concept of combing natural
16
29
1
4
Is it impossible to increase tourism without
resources and tourism to promote the area's ecological values, also known
depleting or severely limiting potable water,
as "ecotourism."
sewage disposal, etc. Can't have one without
the other, Can't be "promoted". Also cultural
tourism!
SHORELINE ACCESS
Policy 2.3.10 Dare County supports North Carolina's shoreline access
17
26
2
3
Areas for residents
policies as stated in 15NCAC7H,_Section .0300. Dare County recognizes
shoreline access to both ocean and estuarine shorelines as a key component
in the local tourism economy. Access facilities should be planned and
located in a manner that encourages compatibility with adjoining land uses.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-4 Page 303
M M M M M M M M M M M. M

Econ. & Community Development (Sheet D) ' Your opinion Please...
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly Comments, Questions, & Suggestions
Agree DicavrEr
CHANNEL MAINTENANCE
-
Policy 2.3.11 (a) Dare County advocates routine maintenance of all
31
21
2
1
A must
existing navigable channels and will work to secure permit authorization
whenever necess
Policy 2.3.11 (b) Dare County advocates and supports the permit
30
1
1
19
A must to complete; people come to Dare
authorization and federal funding necessary to construct twin jetties to
County to fish and enjoy the water.
stabilize Oregon Inlet
'BEACH NOURISHMENT
Policy 2.3.12 Beach nourishment is Dare County's preferred shoreline
9
5
7
25
This issue needs to determine environmental
management alternative.
and financial impacts and then public hearing
before consideration .
Does not work.
BIKEWAYS/WALKWAYS/GREENWAYS
Policy 2.3.13 Dare County supports the development of sidewalks, bike
38
5
2
1
Need paths in Wanchese.
paths, greenways, and walking/jogging trails to provide a safe setting for
these types of outdoor recreation in unincorporated Dare County
FEDERAL AND STATE SUPPORT
Policy 2.3.14 Dare County supports those Federal and State programs that
15
19
2
3
What does this mean?
provide funds for the implementation of land planning, environmental
No Fed. mandate please
protection, and/or economic development including iransportation
improvements. Dare County does not support those Federal or State
programs that involve legislative mandates to local governments without
financial support. In addition, programs that are funded should direct finds
to the local government with minimal administrative guidelines.
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C-4 Page 304

Other Policies Suggested (Sheet A)
Your Opinion Please...
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly Comments, Questions, & Suggestions
Agree rl;aa .
Oppose Transitional — Keep Community residential for north end of
Roanoke Island
Oppose 4-land hx%y. through Town of Manteo
33
0
0
0 w
Bypass
Oppose trading wetlands in Dare County for other land in or out of Dare
County
16.
0
0
0
Not clear that this is always best.
Estuarial clean up and study of soundfront on Hatteras Island
10
0
0
0
Sell airport for value and move it to Currituck. AMEN!
It is economically sound.
21
0
1
0
How about 30-50 miles out on the Mainland
a lot of areas have done that
CHINY/Cincinnati/Dallas etc.
Keep it as it is!
Dare County desperately needs an adult day care center
7
4
0
1
No buildin of new schools on Run Hill. Find another viable place
1
1
0
1
Oyster shells should not be dumped into our estuarine waters to replace
wetlands
19
2
0
2
Our wetlands should not be filled in without proper permits.
21
0
1
1
OK if developer mitigates 2:1
The County should not be allowed to over pump their wells and run private
wells
21
0
0
1
Dare County should promote a bridge from Roanoke Island to Manns
Harbor at the Midway intersection. No 4-5 lane road should extend
through Manteo.
15
1
0
1
"Junkyards" only allowed with proper berming and screening
10
0
0
0
"Abandoned" property shall be maintained so as not to be a hazard to
health, fire, safety, etc. and an eyesore to community.
19
0
0
3
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C4 Page 305
® � M M M � M � � M M M M M M M M

m m m r m m m m m m m m m m m! m m m
Other Policies Suggested (Sheet B)
Your Opinion Please...
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly Comments, Questions, & Suggestions
Agree Disagree
Clean estuaries activities on Hatteras Island
3
0
10
0
Possibility of bride from N. end of Roanoke Island to Collin on
0
0
1 4
1 9
1 No No No
Dare County Land Use Plan Appendix C 4 Page 306

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HAWK
BAY
Sheiltwnk
Point Long Po of North I
C U R R I T U C K COUNTY ,10 /
Sound
LAND USE COLOR CODES
SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
MULTi-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
INSTITUTIONAL
- COMMERCIAL
_ TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATION, UTILITIES
- WAREHOUSING & INDUSTRIAL
RECREATION & OPEN SPACE
VACANT & UNDEVELOPED
® INCORPORATED
FEDERAL WILDLIFE & PRESERVATION AREAS
" MILITARY RESERVATION AREA
rs,
7
f KITTY'
HAWK
BAY
rlgioli`""nk
Long Po of North Pt
Point
Caroom Point
Moshoes
u.,,.1,,,..,- '"W I
East Lake
l
r�
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r
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rr
so —
Northwest Point
Reeds Point
GA HATTERAS N TIQNAL -' ® CAPE* HAT S
' JK E • ei n�, •i es% 4 C ATION 4'ARK •' SEASHORE RECREXTION PA�K a ' ' NREFWLI
Mft
S00g S 0 UNDs ours
RodoRodanfhePoint �, dallasf Point, � ,.,,
PEA !SLAND NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE ISLAND NATIO AL WILDLI0 Waves
DU `wtNC DUCK ISLAND
W
Salvo
Sw�pV
STUMPY POINT
BAY
q.
f
H Y DE C 0 U N T Y
Sandy Point
LONG SHOAL
RIVER ''
—
-
CP
Avon
12 -elk
4 Cape Hatteras
Buxton Lighthouse
CQ
O
aazz O
QO �
V Long Shoal
Point
ti
GENERALIZED
EXISTING LAND USE MAP
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE - 1994
DARE COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
GRAPHIC SCAIE
Frisco
Hatteras
z
Q
I
Q
W
z
x
v
Due to map scale, this Existing Land Use Map is necessarily cenerolized in nature,
and is intended for general planning purposes only. For detailed planning or site
specific development, the map user is advised to consult with appropriate Federal,
State and local government officials for more detailed sources of information.
CER77FICATE FOR EXISTING LAND USE MAP
The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal
Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended. which is administered by the Office of
Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
JVA s
INLL'T
Quible and Associates, P.C.
ENfW&W • 00ff CTS • LNVMOItN NULM • StA1VEfM • PIJIWM
P.O, DM%U s'le xfTTY lblwx, NORTH cARO" V#40
PROW 91 261—= FAX [phone]
MAY 9, 1994 PK E N4Jf P9.5054LU.DW6 DtCA
FRaECT NO.: P0.311K4 PHEET• I OF 1

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Station and Pier
C k s
C U R R I T U C K C 0 U N T Y
.10
Sound
East Lake
LAND
CLASSIFICATION v
COLOR CODES
CLASSES
®
URBAN TRANSITION
LIMITED TRANSITION
DEVELOPED
CONSERVATION
SUB - CLASSES
COMMUNITY
LIMITED CONSERVATION
RURAL
COMMUNITY RESIDENTIAL
LONG SIIpAL
RIPER
AO 1—
H Y D E C 0 U N T Y
GENERALIZED
LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE - 1994
DARE COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
GRAPHIC SCALE
8iliy Mitchell
Airport
Q)
C�
NOTES FOR EXISTING LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP
1. Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC's) exist along ocean and estuarine shorelines
and are included in the Conservation Class. Although not illustrated on this map,
the exact boundaries of each AEC are determined on a site —specific basis when
permit decisions are rendered. Also included in the Conservation Class are
freshwater wetlands areas greater than one (1) contiguous acre in size. These
areas are not illustrated on this map because such areas have not been
delineated and the Federal definition of a freshwater wetland is subject to change.
Hatteras
2. Freshwater wetlands areas that do not exceed one (1) contiguous acre
in size are classified as Limited Conservation. These areas have not been
Illustrated on this map because such areas have not been delineated and the
aw;
Federal definition of a freshwater wetland is subject to change.
;'.
3. The staging area indicated within the boundaries of the bombing range is an
1.
approximate location and is subject to re —location by the United States Air Force
!.
�s Vic:
to other areas within the boundaries of the bombing range. In order to facilitate
the issuance
of those permits necessary to construct debris removal improvements,
the staging area is classified Limited Conservation.
rr
CERTIFICATE FOR EXISTING LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP
The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal
Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of
a
Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Due to map scale, this Land Classification Map is necessarily generalized in nature,
and is intended for general planning purposes only. For detailed planning or site
Xe4specific
development, the map user is advised to consult with appropriate Federal,
7' b ,s
State and local government officials for more detailed sources of information.

Sanderling LEGEND
Areas that are subject •aaaaeaa_a;:_ •aaaa=::��
'_�itZ:.w•• �•.. :: woe."" ._\:�• i , inundation r "aa gd u i a
storm sure during
Duck FEMA Category 1-2 Storm and
N„.
not included in any CAMA
Hi
a, estuarine or ocean hazard AEC
CAMDEN
COUNTY RNiMOWN, � ..
i a.;�.3: �\\•3asaa: •.a=,,asaZ`a�: €
' �•\\��..-..•.a.� \tea. •a,..�.. a.. V� € ,
SOUTHERN
SHORES
•: 0111111 ..��:�:.�\•,..,. \tea- :,.
Areas that are not subject to
��a KITTY HAWK storm surge inundation during a
FEMA Category 1-2 Storm and
•..a+.'•Fr •
not included in any CAMA
-, estuarine or ocean hazard AEC.
KI?'TY
HAWK KILL DEVIL HILLS
': �
BAY
Colington
,}1
41 BUZZARD
`r O BAY GRAPHIC SCALE
aa�:+:�i.`ia"aT�.�' a��ZSa"%'a3a�i:a •. / V ��
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DURANT Mashoes
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ti:w•:::: a,.raa \ �+T +S. \Sax . �3
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T,•+a.:aara+iSaaa:re'r���=i F. �C'xa•..r `"`C`T'`-' ISLAND
as �+�aa•v�aaa• ` a� 5\,e\'
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a•. -:. 6 LO
r SXALWBAG °• a !�
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East Lake Manns Harbor
aaa• aaaaa •a ta, .:. .w .aT• ��'
;A$ +aa.,�, s�..�f : �• aa "P ISLAND XA
Via• .. �"�^,w r�= ��. • \•-;, �..
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1T T T ii� UT'�l
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iY?T \ �+'T`PP£T`iTTz`:BTZR`FY.. T•a•w;
,s\' NATIONAL
WILDLIFE :.
0
0
d
COMPOSITE HAZARDS MAP
DARE COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal
Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of
Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Due to map scale, this Composite Hazards Map is necessarily generalized in nature,
and is intended for general planning purposes only. For detailed planning or site
specific development, the map user is advised to consult with appropriate Federal,
State and local government officials for more detailed sources of information.
PAMLICO SOUND
PA ML I C 0 S 0 U N D
Frisco
SANDY BAY
Hatteras L+ A
Rodanthe
Waves
Salvo
Avon
y
` h
12
Buxton
y
a•
Cape Hatteras
0